# translation

lexentry: eng/pandemonium__Noun__1
written_rep: pandemonium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 安那其
sense_list:
A loud, wild, tumultuous protest, disorder, or chaotic situation, usually of a crowd, often violent.


lexentry: eng/panel__Noun__1
written_rep: panel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 佣金
sense_list:
A group of people gathered to judge, interview, discuss etc. as on a television or radio broadcast for example.


lexentry: eng/panentheism__Noun__1
written_rep: panentheism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 萬有在神論
sense_list:
(philosophy, religion) A doctrine that the universe subsists within God, but that God nevertheless transcends or has some existence separate from the universe.


lexentry: eng/panettone__Noun__1
written_rep: panettone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 意大利
sense_list:
A soft Italian sourdough brioche from Milan, with candied fruit, usually prepared for Christmas as a dessert.


lexentry: eng/pang__Noun__1
written_rep: pang
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 痛
sense_list:
(often, in the plural) A paroxysm of extreme physical pain or anguish; a feeling of sudden and transitory agony; a throe.


lexentry: eng/pangolin__Noun__1
written_rep: pangolin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 穿山甲属
sense_list:
Any of several long-tailed, scale-covered mammals of the family Manidae within the order Pholidota of tropical Africa and Asia.


lexentry: eng/panhandle__Verb__1
written_rep: panhandle
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 乞討
sense_list:
(intransitive, US) To beg for money, especially with a container in hand for receiving loose change, especially on the street, and particularly, as a homeless or vagrant person.


lexentry: eng/panic__Noun__1
written_rep: panic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 恐慌
sense_list:
(uncountable) Overwhelming fear or fright, often affecting groups of people or animals; (countable) an instance of this; a fright, a scare.


lexentry: eng/panic_attack__Noun__1
written_rep: panic attack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 惊恐发作
sense_list:
A sudden period of intense anxiety, mounting physiological arousal, fear, stomach problems and discomfort that are associated with a variety of somatic and cognitive symptoms.


lexentry: eng/panorama__Noun__1
written_rep: panorama
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 環景攝影
sense_list:
A picture or series of pictures representing a continuous scene. | (figuratively) A comprehensive survey.


lexentry: eng/panpipes__Noun__1
written_rep: panpipes
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 排箫
sense_list:
(musical instrument) An instrument consisting of a series of ten or more tubes of different lengths, typically closed at the bottom and open at the top, and is played by blowing across the open end at the top.


lexentry: eng/pant__Verb__1
written_rep: pant
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 喘氣
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp.


lexentry: eng/pantaloons__Noun__1
written_rep: pantaloons
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 褲子
sense_list:
An article of clothing covering each leg separately, that covers the area from the waist to the ankle.


lexentry: eng/pantheism__Noun__1
written_rep: pantheism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 泛神论
sense_list:
(religion) The belief that the Universe is in some sense divine and should be revered. Pantheism identifies the universe with God but denies any personality or transcendence of such a God.


lexentry: eng/panther__Noun__1
written_rep: panther
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 豹
sense_list:
Any of various big cats with black fur; most especially, the black-coated leopard of Africa and Asia. | Any big cat of the genus Panthera.


lexentry: eng/pantograph__Noun__1
written_rep: pantograph
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 集電弓
sense_list:
A mechanical linkage based on parallelograms causing two objects to move in parallel; notably as a drawing aid. | (rail transport) A similarly-formed conductive device, now usually Z-shaped, that collects electric current from overhead lines for trains and trams.


lexentry: eng/pantry__Noun__1
written_rep: pantry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 食品储藏室
sense_list:
A small room, closet, or cabinet usually located in or near the kitchen, dedicated to shelf-stable food storage or storing kitchenware, like a larder, but smaller.


lexentry: eng/pants__Noun__1
written_rep: pants
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 裤子
sense_list:
(chiefly, North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Philippines) An outer garment that covers the body from the waist downwards, covering each leg separately, usually as far as the ankles; trousers. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pants__Noun__1
written_rep: pants
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 四角裤
sense_list:
(chiefly, UK) An undergarment that covers the genitals and often the buttocks and the neighbouring parts of the body; underpants. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/papa_bear__Noun__1
written_rep: papa bear
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 超级奶爸
sense_list:
(by extension, slang) A man, especially a father, who is extremely protective of a child or children.


lexentry: eng/paparazzo__Noun__1
written_rep: paparazzo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 狗仔队
sense_list:
A freelance photographer who sells photographs of celebrities to the media, especially one who pursues celebrities and attempts to obtain candid photographs.


lexentry: eng/paper__Noun__1
written_rep: paper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 紙 | 纸
sense_list:
A sheet material typically used for writing on or printing on (or as a non-waterproof container), usually made by draining cellulose fibres from a suspension in water. | A written document, generally shorter than a book; usually written as a school assignment or a government report.


lexentry: eng/paper_cup__Noun__1
written_rep: paper cup
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 纸杯
sense_list:
A disposable cup made out of paper and often lined with plastic or wax to prevent liquid from leaking out or soaking through the paper.


lexentry: eng/paper_tiger__Noun__1
written_rep: paper tiger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 纸老虎
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Something or someone that appears powerful, strong or threatening but is in reality weak, ineffective, or unable to withstand challenge.


lexentry: eng/paperweight__Noun__1
written_rep: paperweight
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 纸镇
sense_list:
A small, decorative, somewhat weighty object placed on one or more pieces of paper to keep them from fluttering away. | Any object used for this purpose.


lexentry: eng/papule__Noun__1
written_rep: papule
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 丘疹
sense_list:
(dermatology) A small, inflammatory, irritated spot on the skin, similar in appearance to a pimple, but not containing pus.


lexentry: eng/papyrus__Noun__1
written_rep: papyrus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 古代文獻
sense_list:
(usually, uncountable) A plant (Cyperus papyrus) in the sedge family, native to the Nile river valley, paper reed. | (usually, uncountable) A material similar to paper made from the papyrus plant. | (countable) A scroll or document written on papyrus.


lexentry: eng/parabola__Noun__1
written_rep: parabola
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 抛物线
sense_list:
(geometry) The conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to a tangent plane to the cone; the locus of points equidistant from a fixed point (the focus) and line (the directrix).


lexentry: eng/parachute__Noun__1
written_rep: parachute
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 降落伞
sense_list:
(aviation) A device, generally constructed from fabric, that is designed to employ air resistance to control the fall of an object or person, causing them to float instead of falling.


lexentry: eng/paradigm__Noun__1
written_rep: paradigm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 范式
sense_list:
A pattern, a way of doing something; especially a pattern of thought, a system of beliefs, a conceptual framework. | (linguistics) A set of all forms which contain a common element, especially the set of all inflectional forms of a word or a particular grammatical category.


lexentry: eng/paradigm__Noun__1
written_rep: paradigm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 例子
sense_list:
An example serving as the model for such a pattern; an exceptionally good or prototypical example of a pattern or group.


lexentry: eng/paradise__Noun__1
written_rep: paradise
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 天堂
sense_list:
(figuratively) A very pleasant place, such as a place full of lush vegetation. | (figuratively) A very pleasant experience. | (slang) The upper gallery in a theatre.


lexentry: eng/paragraph__Noun__1
written_rep: paragraph
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 段
sense_list:
A passage in text that starts on a new line, the first line sometimes being indented, and usually marks a change of topic. | (originally) A mark or note set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, such as a change of subject.


lexentry: eng/parallel__Adjective__1
written_rep: parallel
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 平行的
sense_list:
Equally distant from one another at all points. | Having the same overall direction; the comparison is indicated with "to".


lexentry: eng/parallel_universe__Noun__1
written_rep: parallel universe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 平行宇宙
sense_list:
(sciences, scifi, cosmology) A universe that exists separately alongside another universe, as part of a multiverse.


lexentry: eng/parallelepiped__Noun__1
written_rep: parallelepiped
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 平行六面体
sense_list:
(geometry) A solid figure, having six faces, all parallelograms, all opposite faces being similar and parallel.


lexentry: eng/parallelogram__Noun__1
written_rep: parallelogram
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 平行四边形
sense_list:
(geometry) A convex quadrilateral in which each pair of opposite edges are parallel and of equal length.


lexentry: eng/parameter__Noun__1
written_rep: parameter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 参数
sense_list:
A value kept constant during an experiment, equation, calculation, or similar, but varied over other versions of the experiment, equation, calculation, etc. | (programming) An input variable of a function definition, that gets an actual value (argument) at execution time.


lexentry: eng/paranoia__Noun__1
written_rep: paranoia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 偏執狂
sense_list:
The obsolete name for a psychotic disorder, now called delusional disorder, often (in one of six subtypes) characterized by delusions of persecution and a perceived threat against the individual affected with the disorder, and often associated with false accusations and a general mistrust of others | Extreme, irrational distrust of others.


lexentry: eng/paranormal__Adjective__1
written_rep: paranormal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 超常現象
sense_list:
Of events, experiences, or phenomenona, that cannot be explained by current scientific understanding or natural laws.


lexentry: eng/paraphilia__Noun__1
written_rep: paraphilia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 性欲倒错
sense_list:
(sexology) Sexual arousal in response to sexual objects or situations which may interfere with the capacity for reciprocal affectionate sexual activity or lead to clinically significant distress or impairment (e.g. are obligatory, require participation of unconsenting individuals, lead to legal issues).


lexentry: eng/parapsychology__Noun__1
written_rep: parapsychology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 超心理学
sense_list:
The study of alleged paranormal phenomena; psychic or occult phenomena, such as telepathy and ghosts.


lexentry: eng/parasite__Noun__1
written_rep: parasite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 寄生物
sense_list:
(biology) An organism that lives on or in another organism of a different species, deriving benefit from living on or in that other organism, while not contributing towards that other organism sufficiently to cover the cost to that other organism. | (pejorative) A person who lives on other people's efforts or expense and gives little or nothing back. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/parasynonym__Noun__1
written_rep: parasynonym
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 近义词
sense_list:
(linguistics) A term (word or phrase) which is parasynonymous with others, but not necessarily considered a synonym.


lexentry: eng/parathyroid_hormone__Noun__1
written_rep: parathyroid hormone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 甲狀旁腺激素 | 甲狀旁腺素
sense_list:
(protein) A polypeptide hormone that is released by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands and is involved in raising the levels of calcium ions in the blood.


lexentry: eng/parch__Verb__1
written_rep: parch
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 口渴
sense_list:
(transitive) To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat. | (transitive, colloquial) To make very thirsty.


lexentry: eng/pareidolia__Noun__1
written_rep: pareidolia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 空想性错视
sense_list:
(psychology) The tendency to interpret a vague stimulus as something known to the observer, such as interpreting marks on Mars as canals, seeing shapes in clouds, or hearing hidden messages in music.


lexentry: eng/parenchyma__Noun__1
written_rep: parenchyma
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 薄壁組織
sense_list:
(anatomy) The functional tissue of an organ as distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue.


lexentry: eng/parent__Noun__1
written_rep: parent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 父母
sense_list:
(often in the plural) A person who has had a baby; this person in relation to their child or children.


lexentry: eng/parent__Noun__1
written_rep: parent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: 亲
sense_list:
(biology) An organism from which a plant or animal is immediately biologically descended. [from 17th c.] | (computing) The object from which a child or derived object is descended; a node superior to another node. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/parenthesis__Noun__1
written_rep: parenthesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 括号
sense_list:
A clause, phrase or word which is inserted (usually for explanation or amplification) into a passage which is already grammatically complete, and usually marked off with brackets, commas or dashes. | Either of a pair of brackets, especially (mainly US) round brackets, ( and ) (used to enclose parenthetical material in a text). | (rhetoric) A digression; the use of such digressions.


lexentry: eng/parish__Noun__1
written_rep: parish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 堂区
sense_list:
(Roman Catholicism, Anglican, Lutheranism, Eastern Orthodox) An administrative part of a diocese that has its own church. | The community attending that church; the members of the parish. | (US) An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a congregation live. | A civil subdivision of a British county, often corresponding to an earlier ecclesiastical parish.


lexentry: eng/parking_lot__Noun__1
written_rep: parking lot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 停车场
sense_list:
(North America, Philippines, Malaysia) A parking area, generally paved and open-air (sometimes with limited overhead covering), where automobiles may be left when not in use.


lexentry: eng/parking_meter__Noun__1
written_rep: parking meter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 收費咪錶
sense_list:
A device, located by a parking space, that collects payment in exchange for the right to park a vehicle for a specified time.


lexentry: eng/parking_space__Noun__1
written_rep: parking space
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 櫃桶
sense_list:
(countable) A space in which a car or other vehicle can be parked. (Sometimes demarcated with lines painted on the ground.) | (uncountable, uncommon) Space in which a car or other vehicle can be parked.


lexentry: eng/parking_ticket__Noun__1
written_rep: parking ticket
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 罚款
sense_list:
A legal summons issued for parking a motor vehicle in a place where such parking is restricted, or beyond the time paid for.


lexentry: eng/parkour__Noun__1
written_rep: parkour
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 跑酷
sense_list:
(sport) An athletic discipline, in which practitioners traverse any environment in the most efficient way possible using their physical abilities, and which commonly involves running, jumping, vaulting, rolling, flipping, and other similar physical movements.


lexentry: eng/parlance__Noun__1
written_rep: parlance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 措辞
sense_list:
A certain way of speaking, of using words; especially that associated with a particular job or interest.


lexentry: eng/parliament__Noun__1
written_rep: parliament
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 议会
sense_list:
In many countries, the legislative branch of government, a deliberative assembly or set of assemblies whose elected or appointed members meet to debate the major political issues of the day, make, amend, and repeal laws, authorize the executive branch of government to collect and spend money, and in some cases exercise judicial powers; a legislature. [from 14th c.] | A particular assembly of the members of such a legislature, as convened for a specific purpose or period of time (commonly designated with an ordinal number – for example, first parliament or 12th parliament – or a descriptive adjective – for example, Long Parliament, Short Parliament and Rump Parliament). [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/parliamentarian__Noun__1
written_rep: parliamentarian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 议员
sense_list:
(Commonwealth) A member of a parliament, congress or an elected national legislative body of another name.


lexentry: eng/parlor__Noun__1
written_rep: parlor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 客厅
sense_list:
(dated, except in, Mid-Atlantic US) The living room of a house, or a room for entertaining guests; a room for talking; a sitting-room or drawing room. | A shop or other business selling goods or services specified by context.


lexentry: eng/parochial__Adjective__1
written_rep: parochial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 窄
sense_list:
(derogatory) Characterized by an unsophisticated focus on local concerns to the exclusion of wider contexts; elementary in scope or outlook.


lexentry: eng/parody__Noun__1
written_rep: parody
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 戏仿
sense_list:
A work or performance that imitates another work or performance with ridicule or irony. | (countable, archaic) A popular maxim, adage, or proverb.


lexentry: eng/parosmia__Noun__1
written_rep: parosmia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 嗅觉倒错
sense_list:
(pathology) A distorted sense of smell, often resulting in the apparent detection of non-existent smells which are mostly unpleasant.


lexentry: eng/parrot__Noun__1
written_rep: parrot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 鹦鹉 | 鸚鵡
sense_list:
A kind of bird, many species of which are colorful and able to mimic human speech, of the order Psittaciformes or (narrowly) of the family Psittacidae.


lexentry: eng/parse__Verb__1
written_rep: parse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 分析
sense_list:
(linguistics, ambitransitive) To resolve (a sentence, etc.) into its elements, pointing out the several parts of speech, and their relation to each other by agreement or government; to analyze and describe grammatically. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/parsimony__Noun__1
written_rep: parsimony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 经济
sense_list:
(by extension) The quality or characteristic of using the fewest resources or explanations to solve a problem.


lexentry: eng/parsley__Noun__1
written_rep: parsley
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 香芹
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) A bright green, biennial herb, Petroselinum crispum, having many cultivars.


lexentry: eng/parsnip__Noun__1
written_rep: parsnip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 防风
sense_list:
A biennial plant, Pastinaca sativa, related to the carrot. | The root of the parsnip, when used as a vegetable.


lexentry: eng/part_of_speech__Noun__1
written_rep: part of speech
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 词类
sense_list:
(grammar) A linguistic category of words sharing syntactic or morphological behaviour and semantic properties, such as noun or verb.


lexentry: eng/partial__Adjective__1
written_rep: partial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 局部
sense_list:
Existing as a part or portion; incomplete. | (mathematics) Of or relating to a partial derivative or partial differential.


lexentry: eng/partial_differential_equation__Noun__1
written_rep: partial differential equation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 偏微分方程
sense_list:
(calculus) A differential equation that involves the partial derivatives of a function of several variables.


lexentry: eng/participatory_democracy__Noun__1
written_rep: participatory democracy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 参与民主制
sense_list:
(political science) A form of government in which citizens participate individually and directly in political decisions and policies affecting their lives, rather than through elected representatives.


lexentry: eng/participle__Noun__1
written_rep: participle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 分词
sense_list:
(grammar) A form of a verb that may function as an adjective, noun or adverb. English has two types of participles: the present participle and the past participle. In other languages, there are others, such as future, perfect, and future perfect participles.


lexentry: eng/particle__Noun__1
written_rep: particle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 粒子
sense_list:
A very small piece of matter, a fragment; especially, the smallest possible part of something. [from 14th c.] | (physics) Any of various physical objects making up the constituent parts of an atom; an elementary particle or subatomic particle. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/particle__Noun__1
written_rep: particle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 助词 | 粒子
sense_list:
(grammar) A part of speech that has no inherent lexical definition but must be associated with another word to impart meaning, often a grammatical category: for example, the English word to in a full infinitive phrase (to eat) or O in a vocative phrase (O Canada), or as a discourse marker (mmm).


lexentry: eng/particle_accelerator__Noun__1
written_rep: particle accelerator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 粒子加速器
sense_list:
A device that accelerates electrically charged particles to extremely high speeds, for the purpose of inducing high energy reactions or producing high energy radiation.


lexentry: eng/particular__Adjective__1
written_rep: particular
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 仔細
sense_list:
Specific; discrete; concrete. | (comparable) Of a person, concerned with, or attentive to, details; fastidious. | Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; precise.


lexentry: eng/partition__Noun__1
written_rep: partition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 股
sense_list:
That which divides or separates; that by which different things, or distinct parts of the same thing, are separated; boundary; dividing line or space.


lexentry: eng/partner__Noun__1
written_rep: partner
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 爱人
sense_list:
A member of a business or law partnership. | A spouse or other person with whom one shares a domestic, romantic or sexual bond. | Someone who is associated with another in a common activity or interest. | Someone with whom one dances in a two-person dance. | Someone with whom one plays on the same side in a game, such as card games or doubles tennis. | (nautical) One of the pieces of wood comprising the framework which strengthens the deck of a wooden ship around the holes through which the mast and other fittings pass. | (Jamaica) A group financial arrangement in which each member contributes a set amount of money over a set period.


lexentry: eng/partridge__Noun__1
written_rep: partridge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 山鶉
sense_list:
(ornithology) Any bird of a number of genera in the family Phasianidae, notably in the genera Perdix and Alectoris.


lexentry: eng/party__Noun__1
written_rep: party
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 党
sense_list:
(legal) A person or group of people constituting one side in a legal proceeding, such as in a legal action or a contract. [from ca. 1300s] | (now, rare, _, in general sense) A group of people forming one side in a given dispute, contest, etc., or united in maintaining a cause, policy, or opinion in opposition to others; a faction. [from ca. 1320s]


lexentry: eng/party__Noun__1
written_rep: party
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 聚會
sense_list:
A gathering of acquaintances so that one of them may offer items for sale to the rest of them. | A social gathering, usually of invited guests, which typically involves eating, drinking, and entertainment and often held to celebrate a particular occasion. [from 1700s]


lexentry: eng/pascal__Noun__1
written_rep: pascal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 帕斯卡
sense_list:
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of pressure and stress; one newton per square metre. Symbol: Pa.


lexentry: eng/pass__Noun__1
written_rep: pass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 通过
sense_list:
An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier such as a mountain range; a passageway; a defile; a ford. | A single passage of a tool over something, or of something over a tool.


lexentry: eng/pass__Noun__1
written_rep: pass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 12
trans_list: 护照
sense_list:
A document granting permission to pass or to go and come; a passport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission


lexentry: eng/pass__Verb__1
written_rep: pass
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 过
sense_list:
(ditransitive) To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another. | (transitive) To go past, by, over, or through; to proceed from one side to the other of; to move past. | (transitive) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and just. | (transitive) To allow to go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note of; to disregard.


lexentry: eng/pass_the_buck__Verb__1
written_rep: pass the buck
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 互喷
sense_list:
(idiomatic, informal) To transfer responsibility or blame from oneself onto another; to absolve oneself of concern for a given matter by claiming to lack authority or jurisdiction.


lexentry: eng/passenger_seat__Noun__1
written_rep: passenger seat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 副驾驶座
sense_list:
(automotive) A seat in a vehicle for a passenger, especially the front seat next to the driver in a motor vehicle.


lexentry: eng/passing__Noun__1
written_rep: passing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 乐章
sense_list:
The fact of going past; a movement from one place to another or a change from one state to another. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/passion__Noun__1
written_rep: passion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 激情
sense_list:
Any great, strong, powerful emotion, especially romantic love or extreme hate. | An object of passionate or romantic love or strong romantic interest.


lexentry: eng/passionflower__Noun__1
written_rep: passionflower
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 熱情果
sense_list:
Any of very many vines, in North America and elsewhere, of the genus Passiflora that bear edible fruit called passion fruit, and showy flowers of a structure symbolic of the Passion of Christ.


lexentry: eng/passivation__Noun__1
written_rep: passivation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 钝化
sense_list:
(chemistry, materials science) The process of making a material passive (non-reactive) in relation to another material prior to using the materials together.


lexentry: eng/passport__Noun__1
written_rep: passport
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 护照
sense_list:
An official document normally used for international journeys, which proves the identity and nationality of the person for whom it was issued.


lexentry: eng/password__Noun__1
written_rep: password
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 密码 | 密碼
sense_list:
(military, security) A word relayed to a person to gain admittance to a place or to gain access to information. | (computing, cryptography) A string of characters used to log in to a computer or network, to access a level in a video game, and so on; archetypally a word#Noun but nowadays often an alphanumeric#Adjective string or a phrase#Noun.


lexentry: eng/past_tense__Noun__1
written_rep: past tense
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 過去式
sense_list:
(grammar) A grammatical form (often a verb form) that refers to an event, transaction, occurrence, or object that happened (or had happened), or existed, at some time before now (the applicable reference time).


lexentry: eng/pasta__Noun__1
written_rep: pasta
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 面
sense_list:
(uncountable) Dough made from wheat and water and sometimes mixed with egg and formed into various shapes; often sold in dried form and typically boiled for eating.


lexentry: eng/pasteurisation__Noun__1
written_rep: pasteurisation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 巴氏殺菌
sense_list:
(British spelling) Heat-treatment of a perishable food to destroy heat-sensitive vegetative cells followed by immediate cooling to limit growth of the surviving cells and germination of spores.


lexentry: eng/pasteurize__Verb__1
written_rep: pasteurize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 巴氏殺菌
sense_list:
(transitive) To heat food for the purpose of killing harmful organisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, molds, and yeasts.


lexentry: eng/pastille__Noun__1
written_rep: pastille
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 藥丸
sense_list:
An often round and somewhat flat flavoured candy or sweet. | Any small, usually round and somewhat flat, granular piece of material; a tablet. | (historical) A medicinal pill, originally made of compressed herbs.


lexentry: eng/patch__Noun__1
written_rep: patch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: 苍蝇
sense_list:
(historical) A small piece of black silk stuck on the face or neck to heighten beauty by contrast, worn by ladies in the 17th and 18th centuries; an imitation beauty mark.


lexentry: eng/patchouli__Noun__1
written_rep: patchouli
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 广藿香
sense_list:
Any of several East Indian plants in the genus Pogostemon, especially Pogostemon cablin, which yield a highly fragrant oil. | The oil or perfume made from these plants.


lexentry: eng/patent__Noun__1
written_rep: patent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 专利
sense_list:
A declaration issued by a government agency that the inventor of a new invention has the sole privilege of making, selling, or using the claimed invention for a specified period.


lexentry: eng/paternal_grandfather__Noun__1
written_rep: paternal grandfather
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 外公
sense_list:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see paternal,‎ grandfather. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/paternoster__Noun__1
written_rep: paternoster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: 主祷文
sense_list:
(archaic) A patent medicine, so named because salesmen would pray the Lord's Prayer over it before selling it.


lexentry: eng/path__Noun__1
written_rep: path
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 道
sense_list:
A course taken. | (computing) A human-readable specification for a location within a hierarchical or tree-like structure, such as a file system or as part of a URL. | (graph theory) A sequence of vertices from one vertex to another using the arcs (edges). A path does not visit the same vertex more than once (unless it is a closed path, where only the first and the last vertex are the same). | (topology) A continuous map f from the unit interval I = [0,1] to a topological space X.


lexentry: eng/pathology__Noun__1
written_rep: pathology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 病理学
sense_list:
(academic, _, medicine) The academic biomedical specialty that advances the aspects of the biomedical sciences that allow for those clinical applications and their advancements over time. | Pathosis: any deviation from a healthy or normal structure or function; abnormality; illness or malformation.


lexentry: eng/patient__Noun__1
written_rep: patient
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 患者
sense_list:
A person or animal that receives health care from a doctor, nurse, dentist, allied health practitioner, or other person educated in health care.


lexentry: eng/patriarch__Noun__1
written_rep: patriarch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 宗主教
sense_list:
(Christianity) The highest form of bishop, in the ancient world having authority over other bishops in the province but now generally as an honorary title; in Roman Catholicism, considered a bishop second only to the Pope in rank. [from 9th c.] | The male head of a household or nuclear family.


lexentry: eng/patriotic__Adjective__1
written_rep: patriotic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 愛國
sense_list:
Inspired by or showing patriotism; done out of love of one's country; zealously and unselfishly devoted to the service of one's country


lexentry: eng/patriotism__Noun__1
written_rep: patriotism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 愛國主義
sense_list:
Love of one's country; devotion to the welfare of one's compatriots; passion which inspires one to serve one's country.


lexentry: eng/patron_saint__Noun__1
written_rep: patron saint
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 主保圣人
sense_list:
(Christianity) A saint conceived as the patron (protector or supporter) of a particular place, group, person, or activity, for whom or for which his or her intercession is specially invoked.


lexentry: eng/patronymic__Noun__1
written_rep: patronymic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 父名
sense_list:
(onomastics, by extension) A name acquired from the first name of one's father, grandfather or earlier (male) ancestor. Some cultures use a patronymic where other cultures use a surname or family name; other cultures (like Russia) use both a patronymic and a surname.


lexentry: eng/patsy__Noun__1
written_rep: patsy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 鸽子
sense_list:
(informal, derogatory) A person who is taken advantage of, especially by being cheated or blamed for something.


lexentry: eng/pattern__Noun__1
written_rep: pattern
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 纸型
sense_list:
(textiles) The paper or cardboard template from which the parts of a garment are traced onto fabric prior to cutting out and assembling.


lexentry: eng/pauldron__Noun__1
written_rep: pauldron
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 胳肢窝
sense_list:
(historical) A component of plate armor that protects the shoulder, generally covering more than a spaulder, also protecting the armpit and overlapping with other armor over the upper chest and back.


lexentry: eng/pave__Verb__1
written_rep: pave
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 铺砌
sense_list:
(British) To cover something with paving slabs. | (Canada, US) To cover with stone, concrete, blacktop or other solid covering, especially to aid travel.


lexentry: eng/pavement__Noun__1
written_rep: pavement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 柏油
sense_list:
(now, chiefly, North America) A paving (paved part) of a road or other thoroughfare; the roadway or road surface. [from 13th c.]


lexentry: eng/pavilion__Noun__1
written_rep: pavilion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 亭子
sense_list:
An ornate tent. | A light roofed structure used as a shelter in a public place. | A structure, sometimes temporary, erected to house exhibits at a fair, etc.


lexentry: eng/paw__Noun__1
written_rep: paw
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 爪子
sense_list:
The soft foot of a mammal or other animal, generally a quadruped, that has claws or nails; comparable to a human hand or foot.


lexentry: eng/pawn__Noun__2
written_rep: pawn
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 兵
sense_list:
(chess) The most numerous chess piece, or a similar piece in a similar game. In chess, each side starts with eight; moves are only forward, and attacks are only diagonally or en passant. | (idiomatic) A person being manipulated by another, being used to some end.


lexentry: eng/pawnbroker__Noun__1
written_rep: pawnbroker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 當鋪
sense_list:
A person who makes monetary loans at interest, taking personal property as security – which may be sold if not redeemed.


lexentry: eng/pay__Verb__1
written_rep: pay
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 买单
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To discharge, as a debt or other obligation, by giving or doing what is due or required. | (intransitive) To discharge an obligation or debt. | (intransitive) To suffer consequences.


lexentry: eng/pay__Verb__2
written_rep: pay
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 艌
sense_list:
(nautical, transitive) To cover (the bottom of a vessel, a seam, a spar, etc.) with tar or pitch, or a waterproof composition of tallow, resin, etc.; to smear.


lexentry: eng/pay_off__Verb__1
written_rep: pay off
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 买单
sense_list:
(intransitive) To become worthwhile; to produce a net benefit. | (transitive) To pay back (repay) the entirety of a loan, thereby effecting the release of a lien on (the thing that was financed).


lexentry: eng/payment__Noun__1
written_rep: payment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 付款
sense_list:
(uncountable) The act of paying. | (countable) An instance of that act; a sum of money paid in exchange#Noun for goods or services, or the transaction#Noun that conveys it.


lexentry: eng/payphone__Noun__1
written_rep: payphone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 公共電話, 公用電話, 付費電話
sense_list:
A public telephone that requires prepayment to operate, generally via the insertion of coins or a credit card.


lexentry: eng/pea__Noun__1
written_rep: pea
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 豌豆
sense_list:
(especially, when without a qualifier) A plant, Pisum sativum, member of the legume (Fabaceae) family. | Any of certain plants of the family Fabaceae: Pisum sativum and others. | (culinary) The edible seed of Pisum sativum. | (culinary) The edible seed of various other pea plants.


lexentry: eng/peace__Noun__1
written_rep: peace
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 和平
sense_list:
A state of tranquility, quiet, and harmony. For instance, a state free from civil disturbance. | Harmony in personal relations. | A state free of war, in particular war between different countries.


lexentry: eng/peach__Noun__1
written_rep: peach
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 桃 | 桃子
sense_list:
(countable) Any tree of species Prunus persica, native to China and now widely cultivated throughout temperate regions, having pink flowers and edible fruit. | (countable, uncountable) Soft juicy stone fruit of the peach tree, having yellow flesh, downy, red-tinted yellow skin, and a deeply sculptured pit or stone containing a single seed.


lexentry: eng/peacock__Noun__1
written_rep: peacock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 孔雀
sense_list:
A peafowl (of the genus Pavo or Afropavo), either male or female. | (entomology) Any of various Asian species of papilionid butterflies of the genus Papilio.


lexentry: eng/peafowl__Noun__1
written_rep: peafowl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 孔雀
sense_list:
A bird of the genus Pavo or Afropavo, notable for the extravagant tails of the males; a peacock (unspecified sex).


lexentry: eng/peak__Noun__1
written_rep: peak
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 尖峰
sense_list:
A point; the sharp end or top of anything that terminates in a point; as, the peak, or front, of a cap. | The highest value reached by some quantity in a time period. | (geography) The top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain, or range, ending in a point. | (mathematics) A local maximum of a function, e.g. for sine waves, each point at which the value of y is at its maximum.


lexentry: eng/pearl__Noun__1
written_rep: pearl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 珍珠
sense_list:
(literally) A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or mother-of-pearl. Round lustrous pearls are used in jewellery.


lexentry: eng/peasant__Noun__1
written_rep: peasant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 农民的
sense_list:
A member of the lowly social class that toils on the land, constituted by small farmers and tenants, sharecroppers, farmhands and other laborers on the land where they form the main labor force in agriculture and horticulture. | A country person. | (pejorative) An uncouth, crude or ill-bred person.


lexentry: eng/peat__Noun__1
written_rep: peat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 泥炭
sense_list:
Soil formed of dead but not fully decayed plants found in bog areas, often burned as fuel. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/pedal__Noun__1
written_rep: pedal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 踏板
sense_list:
A lever operated by one's foot that is used to control or power a machine or mechanism, such as a bicycle or piano.


lexentry: eng/pedalo__Noun__1
written_rep: pedalo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 天鹅
sense_list:
(UK, watercraft) A small boat propelled by pedals that directly turn external paddles, used for recreation.


lexentry: eng/pedant__Noun__1
written_rep: pedant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 卖弄学问的人
sense_list:
A person who makes an excessive or tedious show of their knowledge, especially regarding rules of vocabulary and grammar. | A person who is overly concerned with formal rules and trivial points of learning.


lexentry: eng/pedantic__Adjective__1
written_rep: pedantic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 卖弄学问的人
sense_list:
Being overly concerned with formal rules and trivial points of learning, like a pedant. | Tending to show off one’s knowledge, often in a tiresome manner.


lexentry: eng/pedelec__Noun__1
written_rep: pedelec
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 电动自行车 電動自行車
sense_list:
(informal) A bicycle with an electric motor which assists the rider but only while they are pedalling.


lexentry: eng/pederasty__Noun__1
written_rep: pederasty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 孌童戀
sense_list:
Erotic love, sexually expressed or chaste, between a man and an adolescent boy. | (archaic) Anal intercourse in general, usually between a man and an adolescent boy.


lexentry: eng/pediatrician__Noun__1
written_rep: pediatrician
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 兒科醫師 儿科医师
sense_list:
(American spelling) A physician that specializes in pediatrics; the medical care of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.


lexentry: eng/pediatrics__Noun__1
written_rep: pediatrics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 儿科
sense_list:
(American spelling, medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of children and adolescents.


lexentry: eng/pedigree__Noun__1
written_rep: pedigree
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 家谱
sense_list:
A chart, list, or record of ancestors, to show breeding, especially distinguished breeding. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/pediment__Noun__1
written_rep: pediment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 三角楣饰
sense_list:
(architectural element) A classical architectural element consisting of a triangular section or gable found above the horizontal superstructure (entablature) which lies immediately upon the columns; fronton.


lexentry: eng/pedology__Noun__1
written_rep: pedology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 土壤学
sense_list:
The sub-discipline of soil science that studies soils as a component of natural systems or deals with soil genesis and soil classification, or studies the soil profiles or solum in its natural setting.


lexentry: eng/pedophile__Noun__1
written_rep: pedophile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 娈童癖者
sense_list:
(psychiatry, sexology) An adult or older adolescent who is sexually attracted to prepubescent children. [from 20th c.] | (pejorative, by extension, common use) An adult who is sexually attracted to or engages in sexual acts with a child under the age of consent.


lexentry: eng/pedophilia__Noun__1
written_rep: pedophilia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 恋童癖
sense_list:
Sexual attraction by adults and adolescents to children, specifically prepubescent children. | (by extension, proscribed) Sexual activity between adults and children; the act of child molestation.


lexentry: eng/peekaboo__Noun__1
written_rep: peekaboo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 布谷鸟
sense_list:
(games) A game for a small child in which one covers one's face, then suddenly reveals it, saying "Boo!" or "Peekaboo!".


lexentry: eng/peel__Noun__3
written_rep: peel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 铁铲
sense_list:
A shovel or similar instrument, now especially a pole with a flat disc at the end used for removing pizza or loaves of bread from a baker's oven.


lexentry: eng/peephole__Noun__1
written_rep: peephole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 门镜
sense_list:
A small hole, opening, or piece of glass, especially in a door, through which one can look without being seen.


lexentry: eng/peer__Noun__2
written_rep: peer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 偶
sense_list:
Somebody who is, or something that is, at a level or of a value equal (to that of something else). | A noble with a title, i.e., a peerage, and in times past, with certain rights and privileges not enjoyed by commoners.


lexentry: eng/peg__Noun__1
written_rep: peg
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 主題
sense_list:
(UK) A small quantity of a strong alcoholic beverage. | (journalism) A topic of interest, such as an ongoing event or an anniversary, around which various features can be developed.


lexentry: eng/peg__Verb__1
written_rep: peg
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 丟
sense_list:
(transitive, kickball) To throw a ball at (someone), to hit (someone) with a ball. | (cribbage) To move one's pegs to indicate points scored; to score with a peg.


lexentry: eng/pellagra__Noun__1
written_rep: pellagra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 糙皮病
sense_list:
(pathology) A disease characterised by skin lesions and mental confusion, primarily caused by a niacin deficiency. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pelt__Noun__1
written_rep: pelt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 皮膚
sense_list:
The skin of an animal with the hair or wool on; either a raw or undressed hide, or a skin preserved with the hair or wool on it (sometimes worn as a garment with minimal modification).


lexentry: eng/pelvis__Noun__1
written_rep: pelvis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 骨盆
sense_list:
(anatomy) The large compound bone structure at the base of the spine that supports the legs in hominids.


lexentry: eng/pen__Noun__2
written_rep: pen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 筆
sense_list:
A tool, originally made from a feather but now usually a small tubular instrument, containing ink used to write or make marks.


lexentry: eng/penalty__Noun__1
written_rep: penalty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 刑罰
sense_list:
(ice hockey) A punishment for an infraction of the rules, often in the form of being removed from play for a specified amount of time.


lexentry: eng/penalty_kick__Noun__1
written_rep: penalty kick
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 点球
sense_list:
(soccer) A form of direct free kick, taken from the penalty spot after a defensive foul in the penalty box, with only the goalkeeper defending the goal.


lexentry: eng/pencil__Noun__1
written_rep: pencil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 铅笔
sense_list:
A writing utensil with a graphite (commonly referred to as lead) shaft, usually blended with clay, clad in wood, and sharpened to a taper. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pencil_lead__Noun__1
written_rep: pencil lead
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 石墨
sense_list:
The material (usually black or dark gray) which allows a pencil to work. Usually a mixture of graphite and smaller amounts of other material, but not actual lead.


lexentry: eng/pendant__Noun__1
written_rep: pendant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 墜飾
sense_list:
A piece of jewellery which hangs down as an ornament, especially worn on a chain around the neck. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/pendentive__Noun__1
written_rep: pendentive
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 墜飾
sense_list:
(architecture) The concave triangular sections of vaulting that provide the transition between a dome and the square base on which it is set and transfer the weight of the dome.


lexentry: eng/pendulum__Noun__1
written_rep: pendulum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 擺
sense_list:
(clocks, mechanics) A body suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back and forth under the influence of gravity, commonly used to regulate various devices such as clocks.


lexentry: eng/penguin__Noun__1
written_rep: penguin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 企鹅 | 企鵝
sense_list:
Any of several flightless sea birds, of the family Spheniscidae within the order Sphenisciformes, found in the Southern Hemisphere, marked by their usual upright stance, walking on short legs, and (generally) their stark black and white plumage. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/penicillin__Noun__1
written_rep: penicillin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 青霉素
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of a group of narrow-spectrum antibiotics obtained from Penicillium molds or synthesized, that have a beta-lactam structure and are active against gram-positive bacteria and used in the treatment of various infections and diseases.


lexentry: eng/penny__Noun__1
written_rep: penny
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 便士
sense_list:
(historical) In the United Kingdom and Ireland and many other countries, a unit of currency worth 1⁄240 of a pound sterling or Irish pound before decimalisation, or a copper coin worth this amount. Abbreviation: d.


lexentry: eng/pension__Noun__1
written_rep: pension
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 退休金
sense_list:
(finance) An annuity paid regularly as benefit due to a retired employee, serviceman etc. in consideration of past services, originally and chiefly by a government but also by various private pension schemes. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pentagram__Noun__1
written_rep: pentagram
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 五角星
sense_list:
The shape of a five-pointed star constructed of five intersecting lines meeting at the vertices, such that a central pentagon and five surrounding isosceles triangles are formed; often with magical connotations; a 5/2 (or 5/3) star polygon.


lexentry: eng/pentane__Noun__1
written_rep: pentane
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 戊烷
sense_list:
(organic compound) An aliphatic hydrocarbon of chemical formula C5H12; either of the three isomers n-pentane, methylbutane (isopentane), and dimethylpropane (neopentane); volatile liquids under normal conditions.


lexentry: eng/penultimate__Adjective__1
written_rep: penultimate
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 倒数第二
sense_list:
(UK, in, _, US, _, usually, formal) Next to last, second to last; immediately preceding the end of a sequence, list, etc.


lexentry: eng/penumbra__Noun__1
written_rep: penumbra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 半影
sense_list:
A partially shaded area around the edges of a shadow, especially an eclipse. | (astronomy) A region around the edge of a sunspot, darker than the sun's surface but lighter than the middle of the sunspot.


lexentry: eng/people's__Adjective__1
written_rep: people's
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 通俗
sense_list:
In certain socialist states: of, from, or controlled (at least in name) by the common people rather than a ruling elite.


lexentry: eng/peppermint__Noun__1
written_rep: peppermint
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 胡椒薄荷
sense_list:
A hybrid herb of the mint family (Mentha × piperita), formed by crossing watermint and spearmint, which has a high menthol content and a sharp flavor and is used in cooking, especially in herb teas and in confections. [from 17th c.] | (countable) Any of various sweets containing extract of the peppermint herb; peppermint confectionery. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/peptide__Noun__1
written_rep: peptide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 肽
sense_list:
(organic compound) Any of a class of organic compounds consisting of various numbers of amino acids in which the amine of one is reacted with the carboxylic acid of the next to form an amide bond.


lexentry: eng/per_pale__Adverb__1
written_rep: per pale
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 政党
sense_list:
(heraldry) (Partitioned) vertically; (especially) partitioned vertically into two halves (formally party per pale).


lexentry: eng/percent__Noun__1
written_rep: percent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 分
sense_list:
A percentage, a proportion (especially per hundred). | One part per hundred; one percent, hundredth. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/perception__Noun__1
written_rep: perception
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 知覺
sense_list:
The organisation, identification and interpretation of sensory information. | Conscious understanding of something. | Vision (ability)


lexentry: eng/percontation__Noun__1
written_rep: percontation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 询问
sense_list:
(formal, rare, or, obsolete) A question which cannot properly be given a one-word answer like “yes” or “no”. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/percussion__Noun__1
written_rep: percussion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 打擊樂器
sense_list:
(music) The section of an orchestra or band containing percussion instruments; such instruments considered as a group; in bands, may be separate from drum kits.


lexentry: eng/percussion_instrument__Noun__1
written_rep: percussion instrument
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 打擊樂器
sense_list:
(musical instruments) An instrument in which the sound is produced by striking, scraping or shaking an object.


lexentry: eng/peregrinate__Verb__1
written_rep: peregrinate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 参观
sense_list:
(intransitive) To travel from place to place, or from one country to another, especially on foot; hence, to sojourn in foreign countries.


lexentry: eng/peregrination__Noun__1
written_rep: peregrination
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 旅游
sense_list:
(countable) A journey or trip, especially by foot; also (uncountable) journeying, travelling. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/perfect__Adjective__1
written_rep: perfect
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 完美的
sense_list:
Fitting its definition precisely. | Without fault or mistake; without flaw, of supreme quality. | (grammar, of a tense or verb form) Representing a completed action.


lexentry: eng/perfect__Adjective__1
written_rep: perfect
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 完美
sense_list:
Having all of its parts in harmony with a common purpose. | (obsolete, _, outside set of phrases, of a person) Having thoroughly learned or memorized a lesson; of a lesson: having been thoroughly learned or memorized. | Excellent and delightful in all respects.


lexentry: eng/perfect_fifth__Noun__1
written_rep: perfect fifth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 纯五度
sense_list:
(music) An interval equal to that of between the second and third harmonics of the harmonic series. In twelve-tone equal temperament, it spans seven semitones or five degrees of the diatonic scale.


lexentry: eng/perfect_pitch__Noun__1
written_rep: perfect pitch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 绝对音高
sense_list:
(music, uncountable) The ability to identify a note by name on hearing it, or to re-create a specified note from memory, without the benefit of an externally provided reference pitch.


lexentry: eng/perfect_tense__Noun__1
written_rep: perfect tense
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 完美的
sense_list:
A verb form indicating that an action or state has been completed at the present time, in the past, or shall be completed in the future.


lexentry: eng/perfectionist__Noun__1
written_rep: perfectionist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 完美主义者
sense_list:
Someone who is unwilling to settle for anything that is not perfect or does not meet extremely high standards. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/perfective_aspect__Noun__1
written_rep: perfective aspect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 完美的
sense_list:
(grammar) A feature of the verb which denotes viewing the event the verb describes as a completed whole, rather than from within the event as it unfolds. For example, "she sat down" as opposed to "she was sitting down". Since the focus is on the completion of what is expressed by the verb, this aspect is generally associated with the past and future tenses. This term is often used interchangeably with aorist aspect. This is not to be confused with the perfect tense.


lexentry: eng/perfidious__Adjective__1
written_rep: perfidious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 背信弃义的
sense_list:
Of, pertaining to, or representing perfidy; disloyal to what should command one's fidelity or allegiance. [from late 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/perform__Verb__1
written_rep: perform
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 表演
sense_list:
(intransitive) To exhibit an expected pattern of behavior; to function; to work. | (ambitransitive) To do (something) in front of an audience, such as acting or music, often in order to entertain.


lexentry: eng/performance__Noun__1
written_rep: performance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 表演
sense_list:
The act of performing; carrying into execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment; representation by action.


lexentry: eng/perfume__Noun__1
written_rep: perfume
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 香水
sense_list:
A pleasant smell; the scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor.


lexentry: eng/peridotite__Noun__1
written_rep: peridotite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 橄欖岩
sense_list:
(geology) A rock consisting of small crystals of olivine, pyroxene and hornblende; the major constituent of the Earth's mantle.


lexentry: eng/perigee__Noun__1
written_rep: perigee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 近地点
sense_list:
(astronomy) The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is closest to the Earth: the periapsis of an Earth orbiter.


lexentry: eng/perihelion__Noun__1
written_rep: perihelion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 近日点
sense_list:
(astronomy) The point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, planet, etc., where it is nearest to the Sun.


lexentry: eng/perilla__Noun__1
written_rep: perilla
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 白紫苏
sense_list:
An East Asian herb with flavorful leaves used in cooking and as a garnish, Perilla frutescens. Also grown for the seeds, which contain an edible and industrially-useful oil.


lexentry: eng/perimeter__Noun__1
written_rep: perimeter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 周邊
sense_list:
(mathematics) The sum of the distance of all the lengths of the sides of an object. | (mathematics) The length of such a boundary.


lexentry: eng/perimeter__Noun__1
written_rep: perimeter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 周长
sense_list:
The outer limits of an area. | A fortified strip or boundary usually protecting a military position.


lexentry: eng/period__Interjection__1
written_rep: period
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 句号
sense_list:
(chiefly, North America) That's final; that's the end of the matter (analogous to a period ending a sentence); end of story.


lexentry: eng/period__Noun__1
written_rep: period
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 点
sense_list:
(now, chiefly, North America, Philippines) The punctuation mark “.” (indicating the ending of a sentence or marking an abbreviation).


lexentry: eng/period__Noun__1
written_rep: period
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 期间
sense_list:
The length of time during which the same characteristics of a periodic phenomenon recur, such as the repetition of a wave or the rotation of a planet. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/period__Noun__1
written_rep: period
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 16
trans_list: 時間
sense_list:
(geology) A geochronologic unit of millions to tens of millions of years; a subdivision of an era, and subdivided into epochs.


lexentry: eng/periodic_table__Noun__1
written_rep: periodic table
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 元素周期表 | 元素週期表
sense_list:
(chemistry) A tabular chart of the chemical elements according to their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties are in the same group (column).


lexentry: eng/periscope__Noun__1
written_rep: periscope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 潛望鏡
sense_list:
A form of viewing device that allows the viewer to see things at a different height level and usually with minimal visibility.


lexentry: eng/perissodactyl__Noun__1
written_rep: perissodactyl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 奇蹄目
sense_list:
Any ungulate mammal with an odd number of toes and belonging to the Perissodactyla, an equid, a tapir, or a rhinoceros.


lexentry: eng/permaculture__Noun__1
written_rep: permaculture
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 朴门
sense_list:
(agriculture) Any system of sustainable agriculture that renews natural resources and enriches local ecosystems. [from 1978]


lexentry: eng/permutation__Noun__1
written_rep: permutation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 置換
sense_list:
(mathematics) A one-to-one mapping from a finite set to itself. | (mathematics, combinatorics) An ordering of a finite set of distinct elements. | (music) A transformation of a set's prime form, by applying one or more of certain operations, specifically, transposition, inversion, and retrograde.


lexentry: eng/peroxide__Noun__1
written_rep: peroxide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 过氧化物
sense_list:
(inorganic chemistry) A divalent radical or anion containing two oxygen atoms linked by a covalent bond; any substance containing this group yields hydrogen peroxide when treated with an acid.


lexentry: eng/perpetual_motion_machine__Noun__1
written_rep: perpetual motion machine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 永動機
sense_list:
(physics, pseudoscience) A hypothetical, pseudoscientific device that exhibits perpetual motion, especially one that does useful work with no input of energy.


lexentry: eng/persecute__Verb__1
written_rep: persecute
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 追求
sense_list:
To pursue in a manner to do harm or cruelty to; especially, because of the victim's race, sexual identity, or adherence to a particular belief.


lexentry: eng/persevere__Verb__1
written_rep: persevere
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 坚持
sense_list:
(intransitive) To persist steadfastly in pursuit of an undertaking, task, journey, or goal, even if hindered by distraction, difficulty, obstacles, or discouragement.


lexentry: eng/persimmon__Noun__1
written_rep: persimmon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 柿
sense_list:
The orange fruit of any of various species of trees in the genus Diospyros, especially Diospyros kaki (the kaki or Japanese persimmon) or Diospyros virginiana (the wild American persimmon), which is sweet when ripe and astringent when immature.


lexentry: eng/persimmon__Noun__1
written_rep: persimmon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 柿子
sense_list:
The tree this fruit grows on, generally one of two species of ebony: Diospyros kaki (Asian) or Diospyros virginiana (North American).


lexentry: eng/person__Noun__1
written_rep: person
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 人
sense_list:
(in a compound noun or noun phrase) A human of unspecified gender (in terms usually constructed with man or woman). | The physical body of a being seen as distinct from the mind, character, etc. [from 14th c.] | (law) Any individual or formal organization with standing before the courts. [from 14th c.] | (grammar) A linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom they are speaking. See grammatical person. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/personal__Adjective__1
written_rep: personal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 人的
sense_list:
Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals


lexentry: eng/personality__Noun__1
written_rep: personality
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 性格
sense_list:
(of people) A set of non-physical psychological and social qualities that make one person distinct from another.


lexentry: eng/personality_disorder__Noun__1
written_rep: personality disorder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 人格障碍
sense_list:
(psychiatry) Any of a class of mental disorders characterized by ongoing rigid patterns of thought and action.


lexentry: eng/personnel__Noun__1
written_rep: personnel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 员工
sense_list:
Collection of people in an organization, such as employees and office staff, members of the military, etc. | (non-standard, countable, plural personnel) A member of an organization such as an army.


lexentry: eng/perspective__Noun__1
written_rep: perspective
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 透视
sense_list:
The appearance of depth in objects, especially as perceived using binocular vision. | The technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface. | (figuratively) The choice of a single angle or point of view from which to sense, categorize, measure or codify experience.


lexentry: eng/persuade__Verb__1
written_rep: persuade
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 说服
sense_list:
(transitive, now, rare, regional) To urge, plead; to try to convince (someone to do something). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/peruke__Noun__1
written_rep: peruke
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 假发
sense_list:
A wig, especially one with long hair on the sides and back, worn mainly by men in the 17th and 18th centuries.


lexentry: eng/peso__Noun__1
written_rep: peso
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 比索
sense_list:
(historical) A former unit of currency in Spain and Spain's colonies, worth 8 reales; the Spanish dollar.


lexentry: eng/pessimism__Noun__1
written_rep: pessimism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 悲观主义
sense_list:
A general belief that bad things will happen. | The doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds.


lexentry: eng/pest__Noun__1
written_rep: pest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 讨厌的人
sense_list:
(now, _, rare) A pestilence, i.e. a deadly epidemic, a deadly plague. | An annoying person, a nuisance.


lexentry: eng/pesticide__Noun__1
written_rep: pesticide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 农药
sense_list:
Anything, especially a synthetic substance but also any substance (e.g. sulfur), or virus, bacterium, or other organism, which kills or suppresses the activities of pests.


lexentry: eng/pet__Noun__1
written_rep: pet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 宠物
sense_list:
An animal kept as a companion or otherwise for pleasure, rather than for some practical benefit or use.


lexentry: eng/petal__Noun__1
written_rep: petal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 花瓣
sense_list:
(botany) One of the component parts of the corolla of a flower. It applies particularly, but not necessarily only, when the corolla consists of separate parts, that is when the petals are not connately fused. Petals are often brightly colored.


lexentry: eng/peter_out__Verb__1
written_rep: peter out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 消
sense_list:
(intransitive, originally, US) Synonym of peter (“to diminish to nothing, (originally) to refer to a vein of ore”).


lexentry: eng/petition__Noun__1
written_rep: petition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 诉状
sense_list:
(law, by extension) A formal written application made to a magistrate or court for an order or a suit for divorce. [from 1730s]


lexentry: eng/petrification__Noun__1
written_rep: petrification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 埋藏学
sense_list:
Turning to stone: the process of replacement of the organic residues of plants (and animals) with insoluble salts, with the original shape and topography being retained.


lexentry: eng/petroleum_jelly__Noun__1
written_rep: petroleum jelly
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 凡士林
sense_list:
A pale yellow semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum; used in lubricants and ointments.


lexentry: eng/petticoat__Noun__1
written_rep: petticoat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 襯裙
sense_list:
A light woman's undergarment worn under a dress or skirt, and hanging either from the shoulders or (now especially) from the waist; a kind of slip, worn to make the skirt fuller, or for extra warmth.


lexentry: eng/pew__Noun__1
written_rep: pew
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 河床
sense_list:
Any structure shaped like a church pew, such as a stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in a theatre; or a pen or sheepfold.


lexentry: eng/phantom__Noun__1
written_rep: phantom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 鬼
sense_list:
Something apparently seen, heard, or sensed, but having no physical reality; an image that appears only in the mind; an illusion or delusion.


lexentry: eng/phantom_limb__Noun__1
written_rep: phantom limb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 幻肢
sense_list:
(pathology) The false sensation, which is often painful, that an amputated limb is still present and attached.


lexentry: eng/pharaoh__Noun__1
written_rep: pharaoh
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 法老
sense_list:
(historical) The supreme ruler of Ancient Egypt; a formal address for the sovereign seat of power as personified by the "king" in an institutional role of Horus son of Osiris; often used by metonymy for Ancient Egyptian sovereignty


lexentry: eng/pharmacology__Noun__1
written_rep: pharmacology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 药理
sense_list:
The science of drugs, including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.


lexentry: eng/pharmacy__Noun__1
written_rep: pharmacy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 藥店
sense_list:
(uncountable) The science of medicinal substances, inclusive of pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, phytochemistry, and forensics. | (uncountable) The role or occupation of a pharmacist.


lexentry: eng/pharynx__Noun__1
written_rep: pharynx
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 咽
sense_list:
(anatomy) The part of the alimentary canal and respiratory tract that extends from the back of the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus.


lexentry: eng/phase__Noun__1
written_rep: phase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 階段
sense_list:
(astronomy) A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form, or the absence, of a body's illuminated disk. Illustrated in Wikipedia's article Lunar phase. | (physics) Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.


lexentry: eng/phatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: phatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 客套
sense_list:
(linguistics) Pertaining to words used to convey any kind of social relationship and whose meaning is otherwise either deemphasized or absent.


lexentry: eng/phenol__Noun__1
written_rep: phenol
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 苯酚 | 酚
sense_list:
(organic compound, uncountable) A caustic, poisonous, white crystalline compound, C6H5OH, derived from benzene and used in resins, plastics, and pharmaceuticals and in dilute form as a disinfectant and antiseptic; once called carbolic acid | (organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of aromatic organic compounds having at least one hydroxyl group attached directly to the benzene ring (or other aromatic ring)


lexentry: eng/phenomenology__Noun__1
written_rep: phenomenology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 現象學
sense_list:
(philosophy) The study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view.


lexentry: eng/phenotype__Noun__1
written_rep: phenotype
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 表现型
sense_list:
(genetics, evolutionary theory) The appearance of an organism based on a multifactorial combination of genetic traits and environmental factors, especially used in pedigrees.


lexentry: eng/phenylalanine__Noun__1
written_rep: phenylalanine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 苯丙氨酸
sense_list:
(amino acid) An essential amino acid C9H11NO2 found in most animal proteins; it is essential for growth; the inability to metabolize it leads to phenylketonuria; it is a constituent of aspartame.


lexentry: eng/pheromone__Noun__1
written_rep: pheromone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 信息素
sense_list:
(biology) A chemical secreted by an animal, especially an insect, that affects the development or behavior of other members of the same species, functioning often as a means of attracting a member of the opposite sex.


lexentry: eng/philologist__Noun__1
written_rep: philologist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 語言學家 语言学家
sense_list:
A person who engages in philology (historical linguistics), especially as a profession; a collector of words and their etymologies.


lexentry: eng/philosopher's_stone__Noun__1
written_rep: philosopher's stone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 贤者之石
sense_list:
(alchemy) A supposed substance able to turn base metals, such as lead or mercury, into gold or silver, also sometimes claimed to cure any illness (as panacea) or confer immortality (as elixir of life), among other functions.


lexentry: eng/philosopher__Noun__1
written_rep: philosopher
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 哲學家
sense_list:
(archaic) A person who applies the principles of philosophy to the conduct of their life, as by acting calmly and rationally in the face of inevitable change. | (archaic) A student, scholar, or expert in any branch of knowledge, especially those branches studied prior to being considered part of pure science.


lexentry: eng/philosophy__Noun__1
written_rep: philosophy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 哲学
sense_list:
(uncountable) An academic discipline that seeks truth through reasoning rather than empiricism, often attempting to provide explanations relating to general concepts such as existence and rationality. | (countable) A view or outlook regarding fundamental principles underlying some domain. | (countable) A general principle (usually moral). | (countable) A comprehensive system of belief.


lexentry: eng/philosophy_of_science__Noun__1
written_rep: philosophy of science
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 科学哲学
sense_list:
(philosophy, uncountable) The study of the assumptions, foundations, and implications of science, including such questions as what distinguishes science from non-science, what are the aims of science, or what is a successful scientific explanation of a phenomenon.


lexentry: eng/philter__Noun__1
written_rep: philter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: filter
sense_list:
A kind of potion, charm, or drug; especially a love potion intended to make the drinker fall in love with the giver. [from the 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/phlegm__Noun__1
written_rep: phlegm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 沉著
sense_list:
(historical) One of the four humors making up the body in ancient and mediaeval medicine; said to be cold and moist, and often identified with mucus. [from 13th c.] | Calmness of temperament, composure; also seen negatively, sluggishness, indifference. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/phlegm__Noun__1
written_rep: phlegm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 痰
sense_list:
Viscid mucus produced by the body, later especially mucus expelled from the bronchial passages by coughing. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/phloem__Noun__1
written_rep: phloem
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 韧皮部
sense_list:
(botany) A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of sugars and nutrients manufactured in the shoot.


lexentry: eng/phlogiston__Noun__1
written_rep: phlogiston
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 燃素
sense_list:
(chemistry, historical) The hypothetical fiery principle formerly assumed to be a necessary constituent of combustible bodies and to be given up by them in burning.


lexentry: eng/pho__Noun__1
written_rep: pho
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 越南粉
sense_list:
A Vietnamese soup with a beef base, typically served with rice noodles and optionally beef or chicken.


lexentry: eng/phoenix__Noun__1
written_rep: phoenix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 不死鳥
sense_list:
(Chinese mythology) A mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies; a fenghuang.


lexentry: eng/phon__Noun__1
written_rep: phon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 电话
sense_list:
(acoustics) A unit of apparent loudness, equal in number to the intensity in decibels of a 1,000-hertz tone judged to be as loud as the sound being measured.


lexentry: eng/phone__Noun__2
written_rep: phone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 电话
sense_list:
(phonetics) A speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties, considered as a physical event without regard to its place in the phonology of a language.


lexentry: eng/phoneme__Noun__1
written_rep: phoneme
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 音位
sense_list:
(phonology) An indivisible unit of sound in a given language. A phoneme is an abstraction of the physical speech sounds (phones) and may encompass several different phones.


lexentry: eng/phonetic__Adjective__1
written_rep: phonetic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 语音学
sense_list:
Relating to the sounds of spoken language. | (linguistics) Relating to phones (as opposed to phonemes).


lexentry: eng/phonetics__Noun__1
written_rep: phonetics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 语音学
sense_list:
(linguistics) The study of the physical sounds of human speech, concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phones), and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception, and their representation by written symbols.


lexentry: eng/phonology__Noun__1
written_rep: phonology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 音系学
sense_list:
(uncountable) The study of the way sounds function in languages, including accent, intonation, phonemes, stress, and syllable structure, and which sounds are distinctive units within a language; (countable) the way sounds function within a given language; a phonological system. [from late 18th c.] | (by extension, uncountable) The study of the way components of signs function in a sign language, and which components are distinctive units within the language; (countable) the way components of signs function within a given sign language.


lexentry: eng/phonon__Noun__1
written_rep: phonon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 声子
sense_list:
(physics) The quantum of acoustic or vibrational energy (sound), considered a discrete particle rather than a wave.


lexentry: eng/phonosemantic__Adjective__1
written_rep: phonosemantic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 形声
sense_list:
Combining phonetic and semantic components, as with more than eighty percent of Chinese characters. (a way of creating Han characters by combining a component that indicates the meaning with a component that indicates the pronunciation)


lexentry: eng/phosphorus__Noun__1
written_rep: phosphorus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 磷
sense_list:
(chemistry) a chemical element (symbol P) with an atomic number of 15, that exists in several allotropic forms.


lexentry: eng/photoconductivity__Noun__1
written_rep: photoconductivity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 光电导效应
sense_list:
(physics) The increase in the electrical conductivity of a material as a result of incident electromagnetic radiation.


lexentry: eng/photograph__Noun__1
written_rep: photograph
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 照片
sense_list:
(photography) A picture created by projecting an image onto a photosensitive surface such as a chemically treated plate or film, CCD receptor, etc.


lexentry: eng/photography__Noun__1
written_rep: photography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 摄影
sense_list:
The art and technology of producing images on photosensitive surfaces, and its digital counterpart. | The occupation of taking (and often printing) photographs.


lexentry: eng/photon__Noun__1
written_rep: photon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 光子
sense_list:
(particle) The quantum of light and other electromagnetic energy, regarded as a discrete particle having zero rest mass, no electric charge, and an indefinitely long lifetime. It is a gauge boson.


lexentry: eng/photopaper__Noun__1
written_rep: photopaper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 感光紙
sense_list:
Photographic paper; paper coated with light-sensitive chemicals, used for making photographic prints on traditional film cameras.


lexentry: eng/photosynthesis__Noun__1
written_rep: photosynthesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 光合作用
sense_list:
(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any process by which plants and other photoautotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy.


lexentry: eng/photovoltaics__Noun__1
written_rep: photovoltaics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 太阳能光伏
sense_list:
(physics) The technology of the conversion of sunlight into electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect.


lexentry: eng/phrase__Noun__1
written_rep: phrase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 短语
sense_list:
A short written or spoken expression. | (grammar) A word or, more commonly, a group of words that functions as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence, always containing an expressed or implied head (the principal word or subgroup, with core importance) and often consisting of a head plus some other elaborating words.


lexentry: eng/phrenology__Noun__1
written_rep: phrenology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 颅相学
sense_list:
(medicine, biology, historical) The pseudoscience which studies the relationships between a person's character and the morphology (structure) of the skull.


lexentry: eng/phylum__Noun__1
written_rep: phylum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 門口
sense_list:
(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below kingdom and above class; also called a divisio or a division, especially in describing plants; a taxon at that rank


lexentry: eng/physical__Adjective__1
written_rep: physical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 物理学
sense_list:
Pertaining to the world as understood through the senses rather than the mind; tangible, concrete; real. Having to do with the material world. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/physicist__Noun__1
written_rep: physicist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 物理学家
sense_list:
A person whose occupation specializes in the science of physics, especially at a professional level.


lexentry: eng/physics__Noun__1
written_rep: physics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 物理学 | 物理學
sense_list:
The branch of science concerned with the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter and energy.


lexentry: eng/physiognomy__Noun__1
written_rep: physiognomy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 面相學
sense_list:
The art or pseudoscience of deducing the predominant temper and other characteristic qualities of the mind from the outward appearance, especially from the features of the face.


lexentry: eng/physiology__Noun__1
written_rep: physiology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 生理学
sense_list:
A branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved.


lexentry: eng/physiotherapy__Noun__1
written_rep: physiotherapy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 物理治療
sense_list:
(British, Commonwealth, Irish) Therapy that uses physical techniques such as massage, ultrasound, heat, and exercise.


lexentry: eng/pi__Noun__1
written_rep: pi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 圆周率
sense_list:
The 16th letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets and the seventeenth in Old Greek. | (mathematics) An irrational and transcendental constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter; approximately 3.14159265358979323846264338327950; usually written π.


lexentry: eng/piano__Noun__1
written_rep: piano
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 钢琴 | 鋼琴
sense_list:
(musical instruments) A percussive keyboard musical instrument, usually ranging over seven octaves, with white and black colored keys, played by pressing these keys, causing hammers to strike strings. [from 1803]


lexentry: eng/pica__Noun__1
written_rep: pica
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 黑桃
sense_list:
(pathology, usually, uncountable) A disorder characterized by appetite and craving for non-edible substances, such as chalk, clay, dirt, ice, or sand.


lexentry: eng/piccolo__Noun__1
written_rep: piccolo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 分之
sense_list:
A bottle of champagne containing 0.1875 litres of fluid, one quarter the volume of a standard bottle.


lexentry: eng/pick__Noun__1
written_rep: pick
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 喙
sense_list:
A tool used for digging; a pickaxe. | A tool for unlocking a lock without the original key; a lock pick, picklock.


lexentry: eng/pick__Verb__1
written_rep: pick
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 摘
sense_list:
To harvest a fruit or vegetable for consumption by removing it from the plant to which it is attached; to harvest an entire plant by removing it from the ground.


lexentry: eng/pick_up__Verb__1
written_rep: pick up
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 13
trans_list: 回答
sense_list:
(transitive, ) To notice, detect or discern; to pick up on. | (transitive, or, intransitive) To answer a telephone. | (intransitive, of a phone) To receive calls; to function correctly.


lexentry: eng/pickaxe__Noun__1
written_rep: pickaxe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 喙
sense_list:
A heavy iron tool with a wooden handle; one end of the head is pointed, the other has a chisel edge.


lexentry: eng/pickle__Noun__1
written_rep: pickle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 醃黃瓜
sense_list:
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia) A cucumber preserved in a solution, usually a brine or a vinegar syrup.


lexentry: eng/pico-__Prefix__1
written_rep: pico-
part_of_speech: prefix
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 皮-
sense_list:
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−12 (short scale trillionth or long scale billionth).


lexentry: eng/picture__Noun__1
written_rep: picture
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 画
sense_list:
A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a building) upon canvas, paper, or other surface, by drawing, painting, printing, photography, etc.


lexentry: eng/picturesque__Adjective__1
written_rep: picturesque
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 風景如畫
sense_list:
Resembling or worthy of a picture or painting; having the qualities of a picture or painting; pleasingly beautiful.


lexentry: eng/pie__Noun__1
written_rep: pie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 蛋糕
sense_list:
A type of pastry that consists of an outer crust and a filling. (Savory pies are more popular in the UK and sweet pies are more popular in the US, so "pie" without qualification has different connotations in these dialects.) | Any of various other, non-pastry dishes that maintain the general concept of a shell with a filling.


lexentry: eng/pie__Verb__1
written_rep: pie
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 蛋糕
sense_list:
(transitive) To hit in the face with a pie, either for comic effect or as a means of protest (see also pieing).


lexentry: eng/pier__Noun__1
written_rep: pier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 码头
sense_list:
A raised platform built from the shore out over water, supported on piles; used to secure, or provide access to shipping; a jetty.


lexentry: eng/pier__Noun__1
written_rep: pier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 顶梁柱
sense_list:
(architecture) A rectangular pillar, or similar structure, that supports an arch, wall or roof, or the hinges of a gate.


lexentry: eng/pierogi__Noun__1
written_rep: pierogi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 饺子
sense_list:
(North America) A square- or crescent-shaped dumpling of unleavened dough, stuffed with sauerkraut, cheese, mashed potatoes, cabbage, onion, meat, or any combination of these, or with a fruit filling.


lexentry: eng/pietism__Noun__1
written_rep: pietism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 虔敬主义
sense_list:
(Christianity, often capitalized) A movement in the Lutheran church in the late 17th and 18th centuries, calling for practical and devout Christianity.


lexentry: eng/pig__Noun__1
written_rep: pig
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 猪 | 豬
sense_list:
(countable) Any of several mammalian species of the family Suidae, having cloven hooves, bristles and a snout adapted for digging; especially the domesticated animal Sus domesticus.


lexentry: eng/pig__Noun__1
written_rep: pig
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 猪
sense_list:
(metaphorically, derogatory) A dirty or slovenly person. | (engineering) A device for cleaning or inspecting the inside of an oil or gas pipeline, or for separating different substances within the pipeline. Named for the pig-like squealing noise made by their progress.


lexentry: eng/pika__Noun__1
written_rep: pika
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 黑桃
sense_list:
Any of several small, furry mammals, similar to guinea pigs, but related to rabbits, of the genus Ochotona, from the mountains of North America and Asia.


lexentry: eng/pike__Noun__1
written_rep: pike
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 黑桃
sense_list:
(military, historical) A very long spear used two-handed by infantry soldiers for thrusting (not throwing), both for attacks on enemy foot soldiers and as a countermeasure against cavalry assaults.


lexentry: eng/pilaster__Noun__1
written_rep: pilaster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 壁柱
sense_list:
(structural, _, architecture) A column or short wing wall attached to the foundation wall which provides lateral support, or to support a vertical load that does not fall on the foundation wall.


lexentry: eng/pile__Noun__1
written_rep: pile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 电池
sense_list:
(informal) A group or list of related items up for consideration, especially in some kind of selection process. | A mass formed in layers. | A vertical series of alternate disks of two dissimilar metals (especially copper and zinc), laid up with disks of cloth or paper moistened with acid water between them, for producing a current of electricity; a voltaic pile, or galvanic pile.


lexentry: eng/pile__Noun__2
written_rep: pile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 楔子
sense_list:
(heraldiccharge) One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end uppermost.


lexentry: eng/pile__Verb__1
written_rep: pile
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 加
sense_list:
(transitive, often used with the preposition "up") To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to accumulate


lexentry: eng/pile_driver__Noun__1
written_rep: pile driver
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 山羊
sense_list:
A machine for forcing a pile, a long beam, into the ground as part of the construction of a foundation; usually by raising a weight and then dropping it on the beam.


lexentry: eng/pill_bug__Noun__1
written_rep: pill bug
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 土虱
sense_list:
(US) Any of very many terrestrial crustaceans, of the family Armadillidiidae, a subgroup of the woodlice, that can roll themselves up into a protective ball.


lexentry: eng/pilot__Noun__1
written_rep: pilot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 領港員
sense_list:
A person who knows well the depths and currents of a harbor or coastal area, who is hired by a vessel to help navigate the harbor or coast.


lexentry: eng/pimp__Noun__1
written_rep: pimp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 拉皮条
sense_list:
Someone who solicits customers for prostitution and acts as manager for a group of prostitutes; a pander.


lexentry: eng/pimple__Noun__1
written_rep: pimple
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 疙瘩
sense_list:
(dermatology) An inflamed (raised and colored) spot on the surface of the skin that is usually painful and fills with pus.


lexentry: eng/pin__Noun__1
written_rep: pin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 大头针
sense_list:
A needle without an eye (usually) made of drawn-out steel wire with one end sharpened and the other flattened or rounded into a head, used for fastening.


lexentry: eng/pin__Noun__1
written_rep: pin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 龙骨
sense_list:
A slender object specially designed for use in a specific game or sport, such as skittles or bowling.


lexentry: eng/pinafore__Noun__1
written_rep: pinafore
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 围裙
sense_list:
A sleeveless dress, often similar to an apron, generally worn over other clothes, and most often worn by young girls as an overdress.


lexentry: eng/pinball__Noun__1
written_rep: pinball
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 弹球
sense_list:
(games) A game, played on a device with a sloping base (a pinball machine), in which the player operates a spring-loaded plunger to shoot a ball, between obstacles, and attempts to hit targets and score points.


lexentry: eng/pine__Noun__1
written_rep: pine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 松屬
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) Any coniferous tree of the genus Pinus. | (countable) Any tree (usually coniferous) which resembles a member of this genus in some respect. | (uncountable) The wood of this tree.


lexentry: eng/pine_nut__Noun__1
written_rep: pine nut
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 松子
sense_list:
The edible seed of any of several species of evergreen pine, especially Pinus pinea, Pinus cembra, and Pinus cembroides.


lexentry: eng/pineal_gland__Noun__1
written_rep: pineal gland
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 松果腺
sense_list:
(anatomy, neuroanatomy) A small, pinecone-shaped endocrine gland found near the centre of the brain that produces melatonin.


lexentry: eng/pineapple__Noun__1
written_rep: pineapple
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 菠萝
sense_list:
(uncountable) The flesh of a pineapple fruit used as a food item. | (slang) An Australian fifty dollar note.


lexentry: eng/pingo__Noun__1
written_rep: pingo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 小丘
sense_list:
(geomorphology) A conical mound of earth with an ice core caused by permafrost uplift, particularly if lasting more than a year. [from 1920s]


lexentry: eng/pinko__Noun__1
written_rep: pinko
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 月季花
sense_list:
(informal, often, derogatory, chiefly, US) A socialist, particularly one who is not completely communist. [from mid-1930s]


lexentry: eng/pinna__Noun__1
written_rep: pinna
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 耳廓
sense_list:
(anatomy, zoology) The visible part of the ear in most therians that resides outside of the head, the auricle; outer ear excluding the ear canal.


lexentry: eng/pinniped__Noun__1
written_rep: pinniped
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 鰭足類
sense_list:
Any of various large marine mammals belonging to the parvorder Pinnipedia comprising walruses, eared seals and earless seals.


lexentry: eng/pinwheel__Noun__1
written_rep: pinwheel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 风向标
sense_list:
An artificial flower with a stem, usually plastic, for children: the flower spins round in the wind, like a small paper windmill.


lexentry: eng/pion__Noun__1
written_rep: pion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 科
sense_list:
(particle) Any of three semistable mesons, having positive, negative or neutral charge, composed of up and down quarks/antiquarks.


lexentry: eng/pip__Noun__2
written_rep: pip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 石头
sense_list:
(UK) A seed inside certain fleshy fruits, such as the stone (pit) of a stonefruit or the smaller seeds of an orange or apple. | (obsolete) A pippin, seed of any kind.


lexentry: eng/pipe__Noun__1
written_rep: pipe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 笛
sense_list:
(woodwind instrument) A wind instrument consisting of a tube, often lined with holes to allow for adjustment in pitch, sounded by blowing into the tube. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/pipe__Noun__1
written_rep: pipe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 管子
sense_list:
(especially in, _, informal, _, contexts) A water pipe. | A rigid tube that transports water, steam, or other fluid, as used in plumbing and numerous other applications. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/pipe__Noun__1
written_rep: pipe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 烟斗
sense_list:
(lacrosse) One of the goalposts of the goal. | (computing, typography) The character |. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/pipe_dream__Noun__1
written_rep: pipe dream
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 喀迈拉
sense_list:
(idiomatic, originally, US) A desire or idea which is unlikely to materialize, or a plan which is unlikely to work; a near impossibility. [from late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pipe_organ__Noun__1
written_rep: pipe organ
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 风琴
sense_list:
(musical instrument) The largest of all musical instruments, played from an organ console. The organ produces its sound by sending air through organ pipes- either reed pipes or flue pipes, which are seated on wind chests. The valves controlling each pipe may be actuated electronically or using long wooden poles called trackers.


lexentry: eng/piracy__Noun__1
written_rep: piracy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 山寨
sense_list:
(crime, nautical) Robbery at sea, a violation of international law; taking a ship away from the control of those who are legally entitled to it. | A similar violation of international law, such as hijacking of an aircraft. | The unauthorized duplication of goods protected by intellectual property law.


lexentry: eng/piranha__Noun__1
written_rep: piranha
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 食人鲳
sense_list:
(ichthyology) Any of certain freshwater fish of the subfamily Serrasalminae, native to South America; they are characterised by razor-sharp teeth and a reputation of being ferocious predators (despite most species being omnivorous).


lexentry: eng/pirate__Noun__1
written_rep: pirate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 海盜
sense_list:
(crime) A criminal who plunders at sea; commonly attacking merchant vessels, though often pillaging port towns. | (by extension) One who breaks intellectual property laws by reproducing protected works without permission.


lexentry: eng/pistil__Noun__1
written_rep: pistil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 雌蕊
sense_list:
(botany) A discrete organ in the center of a flower capable of receiving pollen and producing a fruit, it is divided into an ovary, style and stigma. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/piston__Noun__1
written_rep: piston
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 活塞
sense_list:
(mechanics) A solid disk or cylinder that fits inside a hollow cylinder, and moves under pressure (as in an engine) or displaces fluid (as in a pump)


lexentry: eng/pit__Noun__1
written_rep: pit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 13
trans_list: 坑
sense_list:
Formerly, that part of a theatre, on the floor of the house, below the level of the stage and behind the orchestra; now, in England, commonly the part behind the stalls; in the United States, the parquet; also, the occupants of such a part of a theatre.


lexentry: eng/pitch__Noun__1
written_rep: pitch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 魚
sense_list:
A sticky, gummy substance secreted by trees; sap. | A dark, extremely viscous material still remaining after distilling crude oil and tar.


lexentry: eng/pitch__Noun__2
written_rep: pitch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 球场
sense_list:
(sports, UK, Australia, NZ) The field on which cricket, soccer, rugby, gridiron or field hockey is played. (In cricket, the pitch is in the centre of the field; see cricket pitch.) (Not often used in the US or Canada, where "field" is the preferred word.)


lexentry: eng/pitch__Noun__2
written_rep: pitch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: 不
sense_list:
The distance between evenly spaced objects, e.g. the teeth of a saw or gear, the turns of a screw thread, the centres of holes, or letters in a monospace font.


lexentry: eng/pitch__Noun__2
written_rep: pitch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: 盘子
sense_list:
(nautical, aviation) The degree to which a vehicle, especially a ship or aircraft, rotates on such an axis, tilting its bow or nose up or down.


lexentry: eng/pitch_accent__Noun__1
written_rep: pitch accent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 高低重音
sense_list:
(phonology) Any of a variety of restricted tone systems that use variations in pitch to give prominence to a syllable or mora within a word. The placement of this tone or the way it is realized can give different meanings to otherwise similar words.


lexentry: eng/pitcher__Noun__2
written_rep: pitcher
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 水罐
sense_list:
A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or handle.


lexentry: eng/pitfall__Noun__1
written_rep: pitfall
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 蒺藜
sense_list:
(literal) A type of trap consisting of a concealed pit in the ground, which the victim is supposed to fall into and not be able to get out from.


lexentry: eng/pith__Noun__1
written_rep: pith
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 髓
sense_list:
The soft, spongy substance inside plant parts; specifically, the parenchyma in the centre of the roots and stems of many plants and trees.


lexentry: eng/pituitary_gland__Noun__1
written_rep: pituitary gland
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 腦下垂體
sense_list:
(anatomy) An endocrine gland, about the size of a pea, that sits in a small, bony cavity at the base of the brain whose secretions control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism, and maturation.


lexentry: eng/pizza__Noun__1
written_rep: pizza
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 比萨饼 | 比萨
sense_list:
(uncountable) A baked Italian dish of a thinly rolled bread crust typically topped before baking with tomato sauce, cheese, and other ingredients such as meat or vegetables. | (countable) A single instance of this dish.


lexentry: eng/placate__Verb__1
written_rep: placate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 和缓
sense_list:
(transitive) To calm; to bring peace to; to influence someone who was furious to the point that they become content or at least no longer irate.


lexentry: eng/place__Noun__1
written_rep: place
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 地方
sense_list:
Any area of the earth: a region. | The area one occupies, particularly somewhere to sit. | An area of the body, especially the skin. | A location or position in space. | The position of a contestant in a competition. | Numerically, the column counting a certain quantity. | Ordinal relation; position in the order of proceeding.


lexentry: eng/place__Noun__1
written_rep: place
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 家
sense_list:
(often, in street names or addresses) A street, sometimes but not always surrounding a public place, square, or plaza of the same name. | (obsolete) A passage or extract from a book or document.


lexentry: eng/place__Verb__1
written_rep: place
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 睡觉
sense_list:
(ergative) To earn a given spot in a competition; to rank at a certain position ((often followed by an ordinal)).


lexentry: eng/place__Verb__1
written_rep: place
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: 做
sense_list:
(transitive) To recruit or match an appropriate person for a job, or a home for an animal for adoption, etc.


lexentry: eng/place_of_worship__Noun__1
written_rep: place of worship
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 寺庙
sense_list:
A place, usually a building such as a church, mosque, synagogue or temple where believers can practise their faith.


lexentry: eng/placeholder__Noun__1
written_rep: placeholder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 填充
sense_list:
Something used or included temporarily or as a substitute for something that is not known or must remain generic; that which holds, denotes or reserves a place for something to come later.


lexentry: eng/placenta__Noun__1
written_rep: placenta
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 胎盤
sense_list:
(botany) In flowering plants, the part of the ovary where ovules develop; in non-flowering plants where the spores develop.


lexentry: eng/plagiarism__Noun__1
written_rep: plagiarism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 抄袭
sense_list:
(uncountable) Copying of another person's ideas, text, or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially without permission; plagiarizing.


lexentry: eng/plagiarize__Verb__1
written_rep: plagiarize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 剽窃
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To use, and pass off as one's own, someone else's writing, speech, ideas, or other intellectual or creative work, especially in an academic context; to commit plagiarism.


lexentry: eng/plague__Noun__1
written_rep: plague
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 鼠疫
sense_list:
(often used with the, sometimes capitalized: the Plague) The bubonic plague, the pestilent disease caused by the virulent bacterium Yersinia pestis. | (pathology) An epidemic or pandemic caused by any pestilence, but specifically by the above disease.


lexentry: eng/plaice__Noun__1
written_rep: plaice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 祭司
sense_list:
Pleuronectes platessa (European plaice), commonly found in the North Sea and Irish Sea, with smooth brown skin and red or orange spots.


lexentry: eng/plain__Adjective__1
written_rep: plain
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 便宜
sense_list:
(computing) Containing no extended or nonprinting characters (especially in plain text). [from 20th c.] | Ordinary; lacking adornment or ornamentation; unembellished. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/plaintiff__Noun__1
written_rep: plaintiff
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 原告
sense_list:
(law, UK, _, historic, otherwise, current) A party bringing a suit in civil law against a defendant; accuser.


lexentry: eng/plan__Noun__1
written_rep: plan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 计划
sense_list:
A set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal. | A two-dimensional drawing of a building as seen from above with obscuring or irrelevant details such as roof removed, or of a floor of a building, revealing the internal layout; as distinct from the elevation.


lexentry: eng/planche__Noun__1
written_rep: planche
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 木板
sense_list:
(gymnastics) A position where the gymnast is horizontal and face-down, using only the hands as support.


lexentry: eng/plane__Noun__1
written_rep: plane
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 平面
sense_list:
(geometry) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane); a bounded portion thereof.


lexentry: eng/planer__Noun__1
written_rep: planer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 刨
sense_list:
(woodworking) A tool which smooths a surface or makes one surface of a workpiece parallel to the tool's bed. | A person employed to use this kind of woodworking tool.


lexentry: eng/planet__Noun__1
written_rep: planet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 行星
sense_list:
(now, historical, or, astrology) Each of the seven major bodies which move relative to the fixed stars in the night sky—the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. [from 14thc.] | (astronomy, historical) Any body that orbits the Sun, including the asteroids (as minor planets) and sometimes the moons of those bodies (as satellite planets) | (astronomy, current) A body which is massive enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium (generally resulting in being an ellipsoid) but not enough to attain nuclear fusion and, in IAU usage, which directly orbits a star (or multiple star) and dominates the region of its orbit; specifically, in the case of the Solar system, the eight major bodies of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. [from 2006]


lexentry: eng/planetarium__Noun__1
written_rep: planetarium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 天文馆
sense_list:
A display museum in which images of stars and other astronomical phenomena are projected onto a domed ceiling.


lexentry: eng/plant__Noun__1
written_rep: plant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 植物
sense_list:
(botany) An organism that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis. Typically a small or herbaceous organism of this kind, rather than a tree. | (botany) An organism of the kingdom Plantae. Now specifically, a living organism of the Embryophyta (land plants) or of the Chlorophyta (green algae), a eukaryote that includes double-membraned chloroplasts in its cells containing chlorophyll a and b, or any organism closely related to such an organism. | (ecology) Now specifically, a multicellular eukaryote that includes chloroplasts in its cells, which have a cell wall.


lexentry: eng/plant__Verb__1
written_rep: plant
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 種
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To place (a seed or plant) in soil or other substrate in order that it may live and grow.


lexentry: eng/plantation__Noun__1
written_rep: plantation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 种植业
sense_list:
A large farm; estate or area of land designated for agricultural growth. Often includes housing for the owner and workers.


lexentry: eng/plaque__Noun__1
written_rep: plaque
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 黑板
sense_list:
(countable) Any flat, thin piece of clay, ivory, metal, etc., used for ornament, or for painting pictures upon, as a dish, plate, slab, etc., hung upon a wall; also, a smaller decoration worn by a person, such as a brooch.


lexentry: eng/plaque__Noun__1
written_rep: plaque
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 斑块
sense_list:
(countable) A piece of flat metal with writing on it, attached to a building, monument, or other structure to remind people of a person or an event. | (uncountable, dentistry) An accumulation of biofilm, or bacteria, on teeth, which may develop into dental calculus (tartar).


lexentry: eng/plasma__Noun__1
written_rep: plasma
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 等离子体
sense_list:
(physics) A state of matter consisting of partially ionized gas and electrons. | (hematology) A clear component of blood or lymph containing fibrin.


lexentry: eng/plaster__Noun__1
written_rep: plaster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 涂层
sense_list:
(uncountable) A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand, and water, sometimes with the addition of fibres, that hardens to a smooth solid and is used for coating walls and ceilings; render, stucco.


lexentry: eng/plaster_cast__Noun__1
written_rep: plaster cast
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 粉筆
sense_list:
(surgery) A cast made of a stiff material (often plaster of Paris and gauze) in order to immobilize a broken bone for the period of healing.


lexentry: eng/plaster_of_Paris__Noun__1
written_rep: plaster of Paris
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 粉筆
sense_list:
A hemihydrate of calcium sulfate, made by calcining gypsum, that hardens when moistened and allowed to dry; used to make casts, molds and sculpture.


lexentry: eng/plastic_bag__Noun__1
written_rep: plastic bag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 塑料袋
sense_list:
A type of packaging made of thin, flexible, plastic film, starch, or plastic textile, used for containing and transporting food, waste, and consumer goods. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/plasticity__Noun__1
written_rep: plasticity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 塑性變形
sense_list:
(physics) The property of a solid body whereby it undergoes a permanent change in shape or size when subjected to a stress exceeding a particular value (the yield value).


lexentry: eng/plasticizer__Noun__1
written_rep: plasticizer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 塑化劑
sense_list:
Any of various substances added to a material (such as plastic or concrete) in order to make it more pliable.


lexentry: eng/platelet__Noun__1
written_rep: platelet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 血小板
sense_list:
(hematology, cytology) A small colorless disk-shaped particle found in the blood of mammals, which plays an important role in the formation of blood clots.


lexentry: eng/platform__Noun__1
written_rep: platform
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 月台
sense_list:
A raised floor for any purpose, e.g. for workmen during construction, or formerly for military cannon.


lexentry: eng/platform__Noun__1
written_rep: platform
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 阳台
sense_list:
(politics, figurative) A political stance on a broad set of issues, which are called planks. | (footwear, in the plural) Ellipsis of platform shoe (“a kind of high shoe with an extra layer between the inner and outer soles”). | (computing) A particular operating system or environment such as a database or other specific software; a particular type of computer or microprocessor, used for running other software.


lexentry: eng/platoon__Noun__1
written_rep: platoon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 排
sense_list:
(military) A unit of thirty to forty soldiers typically commanded by a lieutenant and forming part of a company.


lexentry: eng/platypus__Noun__1
written_rep: platypus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 鸭嘴兽
sense_list:
A semiaquatic monotreme from eastern Australia with a bill resembling that of a duck, that has a mole-like body, a tail resembling that of a beaver, a waterproof pelt, and flat webbed feet (Ornithorhynchus anatinus).


lexentry: eng/play__Verb__1
written_rep: play
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 玩 | 打
sense_list:
(intransitive) To act in a manner such that one has fun; to engage in activities expressly for the purpose of recreation or entertainment. | (transitive, intransitive) To perform in (a sport); to participate in (a game).


lexentry: eng/play__Verb__1
written_rep: play
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: 打 | 拉
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive, especially, of a, person) To produce music using a musical instrument. | (transitive, of a person) To operate (a device or media) so as to cause sound (especially music) or moving pictures to be produced. | (AAVE, intransitive) To kid; to joke; to say something for amusement; to act, or to treat something, unseriously.


lexentry: eng/play_by_ear__Verb__1
written_rep: play by ear
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 看
sense_list:
(transitive, and, intransitive, idiomatic) To do by guessing, intuition, or trial and error; to react to events as they occur, often with risk of negative outcomes; to improvise.


lexentry: eng/play_with_fire__Verb__1
written_rep: play with fire
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 引火烧身
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To put oneself in a precarious situation with a high risk of getting harmed, particularly emotionally or financially.


lexentry: eng/playlist__Noun__1
written_rep: playlist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 播放列表
sense_list:
(radio) A list of recorded songs scheduled to be played on a radio station. | (computing) A list of tracks or videos to be played in a particular sequence, as from an audio CD or a streaming service.


lexentry: eng/pleasure__Noun__1
written_rep: pleasure
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 歡樂
sense_list:
(uncountable) A state of being pleased or contented; gratification. | (countable) A person, thing or action that causes enjoyment.


lexentry: eng/pleat__Noun__1
written_rep: pleat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 皺紋
sense_list:
(sewing) A fold in the fabric of a garment, usually a skirt, as a part of the design of the garment, with the purpose of adding controlled fullness and freedom of movement, or taking up excess fabric. There are many types of pleats, differing in their construction and appearance.


lexentry: eng/plebiscite__Noun__1
written_rep: plebiscite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 公民投票
sense_list:
(law, politics) A direct popular vote on an issue of public importance, such as an amendment to the constitution, a change in the sovereignty of the nation, or some government policy.


lexentry: eng/plectrum__Noun__1
written_rep: plectrum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 撥子
sense_list:
(music) A small piece of plastic, metal, ivory, etc., for plucking the strings of a guitar, lyre, mandolin, etc.


lexentry: eng/pliers__Noun__1
written_rep: pliers
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 钳子
sense_list:
A pincer-like gripping tool that multiplies the strength of the user's hand, often used for bending things.


lexentry: eng/plimsoll__Noun__1
written_rep: plimsoll
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 球鞋
sense_list:
(UK, Irish) A rubber-soled lace-up canvas shoe for sports or onboard ships; a precursor of trainers.


lexentry: eng/plot__Noun__1
written_rep: plot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 情節
sense_list:
(narratology) The course of a story, comprising a series of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means. [from 1640s]


lexentry: eng/plough__Noun__1
written_rep: plough
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 犁
sense_list:
(agriculture) A device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting.


lexentry: eng/plough__Verb__1
written_rep: plough
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: 肏
sense_list:
(bookbinding) To trim, or shave off the edges of, as a book or paper, with a plough. | (transitive, vulgar) To sexually penetrate, typically in a vigorous manner.


lexentry: eng/pluck__Verb__1
written_rep: pluck
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 演奏
sense_list:
(transitive, music) To play (a single string on a musical instrument) by pulling and then releasing it, such as on a guitar.


lexentry: eng/plug__Noun__1
written_rep: plug
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 插頭
sense_list:
(electricity) A pronged connecting device which fits into a mating socket, especially an electrical one.


lexentry: eng/plum__Noun__1
written_rep: plum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 李子
sense_list:
An edible, fleshy stone fruit of Prunus domestica (European plum), often of a dark red or purple colour. [from 8th c.]


lexentry: eng/plumage__Noun__1
written_rep: plumage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 筆
sense_list:
(ornithology, collective noun) Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally; feathering.


lexentry: eng/plumber__Noun__1
written_rep: plumber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 水暖工
sense_list:
One who furnishes, fits, and repairs pipes and other apparatus for the conveyance of water, gas, or drainage.


lexentry: eng/plumbing__Noun__1
written_rep: plumbing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 管路系統
sense_list:
The pipes, together with the joints, tanks, stopcocks, taps, and other fixtures of a water, gas, or sewage system in a house or other building.


lexentry: eng/plume__Noun__1
written_rep: plume
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 羽毛
sense_list:
(archaic, literary, and, poetic) A feather of a bird, especially a large or showy one used as a decoration.


lexentry: eng/plume__Noun__1
written_rep: plume
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 云
sense_list:
A cloud formed by a dispersed substance fanning out or spreading. | An upward spray of mist or water.


lexentry: eng/plummet__Noun__1
written_rep: plummet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 科
sense_list:
(archaic, nautical) A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water; a plumb bob or a plumb line.


lexentry: eng/pluperfect_tense__Noun__1
written_rep: pluperfect tense
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 過去完成時
sense_list:
(grammar, of a verb) Tense of a verb used when referring to something that happened before a past setting or the imperfect; formed in English by adding had before the past participle of a verb, or by adding had been before the present participle of the verb.


lexentry: eng/plural__Noun__1
written_rep: plural
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 复数
sense_list:
(grammar, uncountable) The plural number. In English, referring to more or less than one of something. | (grammar, countable) A word in the form in which it potentially refers to something other than one person or thing; and other than two things if the language has a dual form.


lexentry: eng/pluralism__Noun__1
written_rep: pluralism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 多元
sense_list:
(sociology) A social system that permits smaller groups within a society to maintain their individual cultural identities.


lexentry: eng/plus__Adjective__1
written_rep: plus
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 正的
sense_list:
Being positive rather than negative or zero. | Positive, or involving advantage. | (physics) Electrically positive.


lexentry: eng/plus_sign__Noun__1
written_rep: plus sign
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 加
sense_list:
(arithmetic) The symbol + used to denote the operation of addition, to indicate that a number is positive, and so on.


lexentry: eng/plutonium__Noun__1
written_rep: plutonium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 钚 | 鈈
sense_list:
The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 94 and symbol Pu: a silvery-gray fissile radioactive actinide metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.


lexentry: eng/ply__Noun__1
written_rep: ply
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 交通
sense_list:
(artificial intelligence, combinatorial, _, game theory) In two-player sequential games, a "half-turn" or a move made by one of the players.


lexentry: eng/ply__Verb__1
written_rep: ply
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 折叠
sense_list:
(transitive, obsolete) To bend; to fold; to mould; (figuratively) to adapt, to modify; to change (a person's) mind, to cause (a person) to submit.


lexentry: eng/poach__Verb__2
written_rep: poach
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 偷窃
sense_list:
(by extension, ambitransitive) To take anything illegally or unfairly. | (obsolete) To stab; to pierce; to spear or drive or plunge into something.


lexentry: eng/poacher__Noun__1
written_rep: poacher
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 偷獵者
sense_list:
A person who trespasses in order to take game illegally, one who poaches; a person who illegally takes animals or plants from the wild.


lexentry: eng/podcast__Noun__1
written_rep: podcast
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 播客
sense_list:
A program, especially an audio program, produced on a regular basis, delivered over the Internet in a compressed digital format and designed for playback on computers or portable devices such as mobile phones. [from early 21st c.] | (loosely, by extension) An individual episode of such a program.


lexentry: eng/podium__Noun__1
written_rep: podium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 講壇
sense_list:
A platform on which to stand, as when conducting an orchestra or preaching at a pulpit; any low platform or dais.


lexentry: eng/poem__Noun__1
written_rep: poem
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 詩歌
sense_list:
A literary piece written in verse. | A piece of writing in the tradition of poetry, an instance of poetry.


lexentry: eng/poetic_justice__Noun__1
written_rep: poetic justice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 勸善懲惡 劝善惩恶
sense_list:
(by extension, generally) The fact of someone experiencing what they deserve for their actions, especially when this happens in an ironic manner.


lexentry: eng/poignant__Adjective__1
written_rep: poignant
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 响亮的
sense_list:
Neat; eloquent; applicable; relevant. | (figuratively, of a look, word) Incisive; penetrating; piercing.


lexentry: eng/poinsettia__Noun__1
written_rep: poinsettia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 一品紅
sense_list:
A plant, Euphorbia pulcherrima, with rather small and insignificant flowers surrounded by large bright red leaves; native to Mexico and Central America and widely cultivated as a garden plant.


lexentry: eng/point__Noun__1
written_rep: point
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 点
sense_list:
(mathematics, science) A zero-dimensional mathematical object representing a location in one or more dimensions; something considered to have position but no magnitude or direction. [from 14th c.] | (sports, video games, board games) A unit of scoring in a game or competition. [from 18th c.] | A specific location or place, seen as a spatial position. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/point_guard__Noun__1
written_rep: point guard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 基地
sense_list:
(basketball) A guard who is usually the shortest of the five basketball positions, and specializes in handling the ball, distributing it to the other players and generally running the team's offense.


lexentry: eng/point_of_sale__Noun__1
written_rep: point of sale
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 小鼓
sense_list:
(retail) The location at which payment for goods is made in an establishment that sells goods or services.


lexentry: eng/point_of_view__Noun__1
written_rep: point of view
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 观点
sense_list:
A position from which something is perceived; outlook; standpoint. | An attitude, opinion, or set of beliefs. | (literary theory) The perspective from which a narrative is related.


lexentry: eng/point_out__Verb__1
written_rep: point out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 表示
sense_list:
(transitive, idiomatic) To identify among a group of similar subjects, or in a scene where the subject might not be readily seen or noticed, with a gesture of the body.


lexentry: eng/pointer__Noun__1
written_rep: pointer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 指标
sense_list:
(programming) A variable that holds the address of a memory location where a value can be stored. | A needlelike component of a timepiece or measuring device that indicates the time or the current reading of the device.


lexentry: eng/points__Noun__2
written_rep: points
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 路口
sense_list:
(rail transport, UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) Movable rails which can be used to switch a train from one railway track to another.


lexentry: eng/polar_bear__Noun__1
written_rep: polar bear
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 北极熊
sense_list:
A hypercarnivorous species of bear, Ursus maritimus, whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle.


lexentry: eng/polar_circle__Noun__1
written_rep: polar circle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 极圈
sense_list:
(geography) Either of the two parallels of the Earth located at the latitude of 66° 33′ 44″ N and 66° 33′ 44″ S.


lexentry: eng/polar_night__Noun__1
written_rep: polar night
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 极夜
sense_list:
A period of continual darkness that occurs in winter in the polar regions of Earth, during which the sun never rises above the horizon.


lexentry: eng/pole_star__Noun__1
written_rep: pole star
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 北极星
sense_list:
(star) The star visible to the naked eye which was in the past, is now, or will be in the future nearest a celestial pole of a planet.


lexentry: eng/pole_vault__Noun__1
written_rep: pole vault
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 撐竿跳高
sense_list:
(athletics) a jumping event contested in track and field which requires an athlete to carry a fiberglass pole down a runway, plant the pole into a vaulting box and vault over a fiberglass bar, landing on a matted pit


lexentry: eng/police__Noun__1
written_rep: police
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 警察
sense_list:
(North America, &, _, historical) A department of local (usually municipal) government responsible for general law enforcement.


lexentry: eng/police_car__Noun__1
written_rep: police car
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 警车
sense_list:
An automobile used by a police officer when on duty. Usually marked with police livery; sometimes an unmarked car.


lexentry: eng/police_station__Noun__1
written_rep: police station
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 警察局
sense_list:
A building serving as the headquarters of a branch of the police force, and sometimes as a temporary place of confinement for offenders.


lexentry: eng/policy__Noun__1
written_rep: policy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 政策
sense_list:
A principle of behaviour, conduct which an entity (government, organization, etc.) applies or seeks to follow, especially as formally expressed by an authoritative body. [from 15th c.] | Wise, advantageous, or politic conduct; prudence, formerly also with connotations of craftiness. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/politburo__Noun__1
written_rep: politburo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 政治局
sense_list:
(communism, Marxism) The governing council and chief policymaking body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and other Marxist-Leninist political systems.


lexentry: eng/political_asylum__Noun__1
written_rep: political asylum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 政治庇護
sense_list:
The protection, by a sovereign state, of a person who is persecuted in their own country for their political opinions or activity


lexentry: eng/political_party__Noun__1
written_rep: political party
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 政党
sense_list:
A political organization that subscribes to a certain ideology and seeks to attain political power through representation in government.


lexentry: eng/politicize__Verb__1
written_rep: politicize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 政治化
sense_list:
(transitive) To give something political characteristics; to turn into a political issue. | (transitive) To make someone politically active or aware.


lexentry: eng/politics__Noun__1
written_rep: politics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 政治
sense_list:
(countable) A methodology and activities associated with running a government, an organization, or a movement.


lexentry: eng/polling_station__Noun__1
written_rep: polling station
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 投票站
sense_list:
(Britain, Canada, Australia) a place where voters go to cast their ballot in an election or referendum; a voting station


lexentry: eng/pollute__Verb__1
written_rep: pollute
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 污染
sense_list:
(transitive) To make something harmful, especially by the addition of some unwanted product. | (transitive) To make something or somewhere less suitable for some activity, especially by the introduction of some unnatural factor.


lexentry: eng/pollution__Noun__1
written_rep: pollution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 污染
sense_list:
Physical contamination, now especially the contamination of the environment by harmful substances, or by disruptive levels of noise, light etc. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/polo__Noun__1
written_rep: polo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 马球
sense_list:
(uncountable) A ball game where two teams of players on horseback use long-handled mallets to propel the ball along the ground and into their opponent's goal.


lexentry: eng/polo_shirt__Noun__1
written_rep: polo shirt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 马球
sense_list:
A casual, usually short-sleeved, shirt with a protruding collar and a small number of buttons extending a short distance below the collar (and not all the way down the front of the shirt).


lexentry: eng/polonaise__Noun__1
written_rep: polonaise
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 波兰舞
sense_list:
(dance) A stately Polish dance in triple time and moderate tempo. | (music genre) Music for this dance.


lexentry: eng/poltergeist__Noun__1
written_rep: poltergeist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 吵闹鬼
sense_list:
(parapsychology) An unseen ghost which makes noises and causes disruption, especially by causing physical objects to move or fly about.


lexentry: eng/polyamory__Noun__1
written_rep: polyamory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 多元之爱
sense_list:
Any of various practices involving romantic or sexual relationships with multiple partners with the knowledge and consent of all involved.


lexentry: eng/polyandry__Noun__1
written_rep: polyandry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 一妻多夫制
sense_list:
The having of a plurality of husbands at the same time; usually, the marriage of a woman to more than one man, or the practice of having several husbands, at the same time.


lexentry: eng/polycarbonate__Noun__1
written_rep: polycarbonate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 聚碳酸酯
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any of a range of polymers of aromatic carbonates; they are used to make light, flexible alternatives to glass. Abbreviation: PC


lexentry: eng/polycystic_ovary_syndrome__Noun__1
written_rep: polycystic ovary syndrome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 多囊卵巢綜合症
sense_list:
(medicine) A syndrome characterised by polycystic ovaries, menstrual disturbance, and high levels of androgens or insulin.


lexentry: eng/polyethylene__Noun__1
written_rep: polyethylene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 聚乙烯
sense_list:
(organic compound) A polymer consisting of many ethylene monomers bonded together; used for kitchenware, containers etc.


lexentry: eng/polygamy__Noun__1
written_rep: polygamy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 多配偶制
sense_list:
(often, especially in common use) Synonym of polygyny (“marriage of a man to more than one wife, the practice of having several wives at the same time”).


lexentry: eng/polygyny__Noun__1
written_rep: polygyny
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 一夫多妻制
sense_list:
The state or practice of having several wives at the same time; plurality of wives; marriage to several wives.


lexentry: eng/polymer__Noun__1
written_rep: polymer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 聚合物
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) A long or larger molecule consisting of a chain or network of many repeating units, formed by chemically bonding together many identical or similar small molecules called monomers. A polymer is formed by polymerization, the joining of many monomer molecules. | A material consisting of such polymer molecules.


lexentry: eng/polymerase__Noun__1
written_rep: polymerase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 聚合酶
sense_list:
(enzyme) Any of various enzymes that catalyze the formation of polymers of DNA or RNA using an existing strand of RNA or DNA respectively as a template.


lexentry: eng/polymorphism__Noun__1
written_rep: polymorphism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 多型
sense_list:
The ability to assume different forms or shapes. | (biology) The coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but produced from common parents. | (object-oriented programming) A feature pertaining to the dynamic treatment of data elements based on their type, allowing for a method to have several definitions. | (mathematics, type theory) The property of certain typed formal systems of allowing for the use of type variables and binders/quantifiers over those type variables; likewise, the property of certain expressions (within such typed formal systems) of making use of at least one such typed variable. | (crystallography) The ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure; pleomorphism.


lexentry: eng/polynomial__Noun__1
written_rep: polynomial
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 多項式
sense_list:
(algebra, strict sense) An expression consisting of a sum of a finite number of terms, each term being the product of a constant coefficient and one or more variables raised to a non-negative integer power, such as a_n x^n + a_{n-1}x^{n-1} + ... + a_0 x^0.


lexentry: eng/polynya__Noun__1
written_rep: polynya
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 威克岛
sense_list:
(hydrology, oceanography) A naturally formed transient area of open water surrounded by sea ice, especially in polar or subpolar seas. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/polyphony__Noun__1
written_rep: polyphony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 性交疼痛
sense_list:
(music) Musical texture consisting of several independent melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice (monophony) or music with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (homophony).


lexentry: eng/polysemy__Noun__1
written_rep: polysemy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 一詞多義
sense_list:
(semantics) The quality characteristic of a polyseme, a sign (such as a word or symbol) that has multiple meanings (senses), often including multiple similar ones.


lexentry: eng/polytetrafluoroethylene__Noun__1
written_rep: polytetrafluoroethylene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 聚四氟乙烯
sense_list:
A tough synthetic resin used to make seals and bearings and to create a nonstick coating on cooking utensils.


lexentry: eng/polytope__Noun__1
written_rep: polytope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 多胞形
sense_list:
(geometry) A geometric shape (of any number of dimensions) which is fully enclosed and has flat sides, making it a member of the generalized class of shapes which includes the two-dimensional polygon and three-dimensional polyhedron; (formally) a finite region of n-dimensional space bounded by hyperplanes.


lexentry: eng/pome__Noun__1
written_rep: pome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 核果
sense_list:
(botany) A type of fruit in which the often edible flesh arises from the swollen base of the flower and not from the carpels.


lexentry: eng/pomegranate__Noun__1
written_rep: pomegranate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 石榴
sense_list:
The fruit of the Punica granatum, about the size of an orange with a thick, hard, reddish skin enclosing many seeds, each with an edible pink or red pulp tasting both sweet and tart. | The shrub or small tree that bears the fruit.


lexentry: eng/pomelo__Noun__1
written_rep: pomelo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 內紫
sense_list:
The large fruit of the Citrus maxima (syn. C. grandis), native to South Asia and Southeast Asia, with a thick green or yellow rind, a thick white pith, and semi-sweet translucent pale flesh.


lexentry: eng/pommel_horse__Noun__1
written_rep: pommel horse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 鞍马
sense_list:
An apparatus for gymnastic exercises with a cylindrical body covered with leather and two upright pommels, as hand grips, near the centre; held upright with adjustable legs. | An athletic event in which the pommel horse is used.


lexentry: eng/pompadour__Noun__1
written_rep: pompadour
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 腰包
sense_list:
A women's hairstyle in which the hair is swept upwards from the face and worn high over the forehead.


lexentry: eng/pontoon__Noun__1
written_rep: pontoon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 躉船
sense_list:
A flat-bottomed boat or other floating structure used as a buoyant support for a temporary bridge, dock or landing stage.


lexentry: eng/ponytail__Noun__1
written_rep: ponytail
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 马尾
sense_list:
A hairstyle where the hair is pulled back and tied into a single "tail" which hangs down behind the head.


lexentry: eng/pool__Noun__1
written_rep: pool
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 水坑
sense_list:
A small and rather deep area of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream or river; a reservoir for water. | A small amount of liquid on a surface.


lexentry: eng/pool_noodle__Noun__1
written_rep: pool noodle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 浮条
sense_list:
A long, slender tube or rod, extruded from buoyant foam and usually brightly coloured, used as an exercise tool or toy in swimming pools.


lexentry: eng/poor_box__Noun__1
written_rep: poor box
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 树干
sense_list:
A locked box with a slot for depositing coins into, usually placed in churches to accept donations for the needy.


lexentry: eng/pop-up__Noun__1
written_rep: pop-up
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 蜉蝣
sense_list:
(baseball) A pop-up ball: a ball that has been hit to a considerable height above the infield or the shallow outfield; a pop fly. | A folded paper element which pops up from a book, greeting card, etc. | A business that opens for a brief temporary period only, such as a temporary restaurant.


lexentry: eng/pop-up_advertisement__Noun__1
written_rep: pop-up advertisement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 弹出式广告
sense_list:
(Internet, advertising) An advertisement that takes the form of a window that appears automatically on a computer screen when certain websites are visited.


lexentry: eng/pop__Noun__1
written_rep: pop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 高
sense_list:
(countable) A loud, sharp sound, as of a cork coming out of a bottle, especially when the contents are pressurized by fizziness.


lexentry: eng/pop__Verb__1
written_rep: pop
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 戳
sense_list:
(intransitive, with in, out, upon, etc.) To enter, or issue forth, with a quick, sudden movement; to move from place to place suddenly; to dart.


lexentry: eng/pop_music__Noun__1
written_rep: pop music
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 流行
sense_list:
Music intended for or accepted by a wide audience, usually with a commercial basis and distinguished from other genres such as classical music and folk music, and nowadays also from rock music.


lexentry: eng/poppy__Noun__1
written_rep: poppy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 罂粟 | 罌粟
sense_list:
Any plant of the genus Papaver or the family Papaveraceae, with crumpled, often red, petals and a milky juice having narcotic properties; especially a common poppy or corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) which has orange-red flowers; the flower of such a plant.


lexentry: eng/popular__Adjective__1
written_rep: popular
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 常见
sense_list:
Common among the general public; generally accepted. [from 15th c.] | Liked by many people; generally pleasing, widely admired. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/popular_culture__Noun__1
written_rep: popular culture
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 流行文化
sense_list:
The prevailing vernacular culture in any given society, including art, cooking, clothing/fashion, entertainment, fads, films, mass media, music, sports, and style.


lexentry: eng/popularity__Noun__1
written_rep: popularity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 名望
sense_list:
The quality or state of being popular; especially, the state of being widely liked or in favor with the people at large.


lexentry: eng/population__Noun__1
written_rep: population
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 人口
sense_list:
A count of the number of residents within a political or geographical boundary such as a town, a nation or the world.


lexentry: eng/population_density__Noun__1
written_rep: population density
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 人口密度
sense_list:
Average population per unit area; especially, the average number of people who live per square kilometer (or square mile) of land.


lexentry: eng/population_pyramid__Noun__1
written_rep: population pyramid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 人口金字塔
sense_list:
(demography) A graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; it typically forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.


lexentry: eng/populism__Noun__1
written_rep: populism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 民粹主義
sense_list:
(philosophy) A political doctrine or philosophy that proposes that the rights and powers of ordinary people are exploited by a privileged elite, and supports their struggle to overcome this.


lexentry: eng/porcelain__Noun__1
written_rep: porcelain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 瓷器
sense_list:
(usually, uncountable) A hard white translucent ceramic, originally made by firing kaolin, quartz, and feldspar at high temperatures but now also inclusive of similar artificial materials; also often (figurative) such a material as a symbol of the fragility, elegance, etc. traditionally associated with porcelain goods.


lexentry: eng/porch__Noun__1
written_rep: porch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 門口
sense_list:
(architectural element) A covered entrance to a building, whether taken from the interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the main wall, or projecting without and with a separate roof. A porch often has chair(s), table(s) and swings.


lexentry: eng/porcupine__Noun__1
written_rep: porcupine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 豪猪
sense_list:
Any of several rodents of either of the taxonomic families Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) or Erethizontidae (New World porcupines), both from the infraorder Hystricognathi, noted for their sharp spines or quills, which are raised when the animal is attacked or surprised.


lexentry: eng/pornography__Noun__1
written_rep: pornography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 色情
sense_list:
The explicit literary or visual depiction of sexual subject matter; any display of material of an erotic nature. [from mid-19th c.]


lexentry: eng/porosity__Noun__1
written_rep: porosity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 孔隙度
sense_list:
(uncountable) The state of being porous. | (countable) A measure of how porous a material is; the ratio of the volume of pores to the total volume


lexentry: eng/porpoise__Noun__1
written_rep: porpoise
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 鼠海豚
sense_list:
Any small cetacean of the family Phocoenidae, related to dolphins and whales. | (North America, imprecisely) Any small dolphin.


lexentry: eng/port__Noun__2
written_rep: port
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 港口
sense_list:
An opening or doorway in the side of a ship, especially for boarding or loading; an embrasure through which a cannon may be discharged; a porthole. | (bowls, curling) A narrow opening between other players' bowls or stones wide enough for a delivered bowl or stone to pass through.


lexentry: eng/port__Verb__2
written_rep: port
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 港口
sense_list:
(transitive, military) To hold or carry (a weapon) with both hands so that it lies diagonally across the front of the body, with the barrel or similar part near the left shoulder and the right hand grasping the small of the stock; or, to throw (the weapon) into this position on command.


lexentry: eng/port_city__Noun__1
written_rep: port city
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 波尔图
sense_list:
A city built around a port, for its defence, to provide infrastructural support, or as parasitic urban sprawl.


lexentry: eng/portable__Adjective__1
written_rep: portable
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 手机
sense_list:
Able to be carried or easily moved. | (computing) Of software: able to be run on multiple hardware or operating systems.


lexentry: eng/portmanteau_word__Noun__1
written_rep: portmanteau word
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 混成词
sense_list:
(linguistics) A word which combines the meaning of two words (or, rarely, more than two words), formed by combining the words, usually, but not always, by adjoining the first part of one word and the last part of the other, the adjoining parts often having a common vowel.


lexentry: eng/positive_degree__Noun__1
written_rep: positive degree
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 陽
sense_list:
(grammar) That state of an adjective or adverb indicating simple quality, without comparison or relation to increase or diminution; as in wise, noble.


lexentry: eng/positivism__Noun__1
written_rep: positivism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 实证主义
sense_list:
(philosophy) A doctrine that states that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, and that such knowledge can only come from positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific method, refusing every form of metaphysics.


lexentry: eng/positronium__Noun__1
written_rep: positronium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 电子偶素
sense_list:
(physics, chemistry) An exotic atom (specifically, an onium) consisting of a positron (antielectron) and an electron, as a particle–anti-particle bound pair with no nucleus.


lexentry: eng/possession__Noun__1
written_rep: possession
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 入侵
sense_list:
Control or occupancy of something for which one does not necessarily have private property rights. | The condition of being under the control of strong emotion or madness.


lexentry: eng/possibility__Noun__1
written_rep: possibility
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 前景
sense_list:
A thing possible; that which may take place or come into being. | An option or choice, usually used in context with future events.


lexentry: eng/possible__Adjective__1
written_rep: possible
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 可能
sense_list:
(usually, not comparable) Able but not certain to happen; neither inevitable nor impossible. | (comparable) Capable of being done or achieved; feasible.


lexentry: eng/possibly__Adverb__1
written_rep: possibly
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 可能
sense_list:
(modifying a verb) In the realm of possibility; indicates that the action may successfully be performed (is not impossible) regardless of any facts or circumstances known to, stated by or implied by the speaker that might limit the performance.


lexentry: eng/post-transition_metal__Noun__1
written_rep: post-transition metal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 贫金属
sense_list:
(chemistry) A poor metal, usually including gallium, indium, tin, thallium, lead, and bismuth, also known as B-subgroup metals, other metals, and p-block metals.


lexentry: eng/post__Noun__2
written_rep: post
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 郵件
sense_list:
(obsolete) Each of a series of men stationed at specific places along a postroad, with responsibility for relaying letters and dispatches of the monarch (and later others) along the route. [16th–17th c.] | (dated) A station, or one of a series of stations, established for the refreshment and accommodation of travellers on some recognized route. | (UK, Australia, New Zealand) A single delivery of letters; the letters or deliveries that make up a single batch delivered to one person or one address. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/post__Verb__2
written_rep: post
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 发
sense_list:
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) To send (an item of mail etc.) through the postal service. [from 19th c.] | (Internet) To publish (a message) to a newsgroup, forum, blog, etc. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/post_office__Noun__1
written_rep: post office
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 邮局
sense_list:
(countable) A place (building, office, shop, or counter) concerned with the business of delivering letters, post or mail and selling stamps, etc.


lexentry: eng/post_office_box__Noun__1
written_rep: post office box
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 信箱
sense_list:
A uniquely addressable lockable box located on the premises of a post office that may be hired as collection point for mail.


lexentry: eng/postage_stamp__Noun__1
written_rep: postage stamp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 邮票
sense_list:
A small piece of printed paper stuck on an item to be mailed, indicating that postage has been paid. | (figuratively, colloquial) A very small area.


lexentry: eng/postal_address__Noun__1
written_rep: postal address
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 地址
sense_list:
The address (of a person or business) to which mail is delivered, as distinct from the actual street address.


lexentry: eng/postcard__Noun__1
written_rep: postcard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 明信片
sense_list:
(post) A rectangular piece of thick paper or thin cardboard, typically used for sending messages by mail without the need for an envelope.


lexentry: eng/postcode__Noun__1
written_rep: postcode
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 邮政编码
sense_list:
(UK, Irish) A sequence of letters and numbers added to a postal address to aid the sorting and delivery of post or mail.


lexentry: eng/posterior__Adjective__1
written_rep: posterior
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 后来的
sense_list:
(anatomy) Nearer the rear or hind end; nearer the caudal end of the body in quadrupeds or the dorsal end in bipeds. | (formal) Following in order or in time.


lexentry: eng/postmark__Noun__1
written_rep: postmark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 橡皮圖章
sense_list:
A marking made by a postal service on a delivery, usually indicating the place where and the date and time when the item was received or processed for the first time, mostly serving to cancel a postage stamp.


lexentry: eng/postmodernism__Noun__1
written_rep: postmodernism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 后现代主义
sense_list:
Any style in art, architecture, literature, philosophy, etc., that reacts against an earlier modernist movement.


lexentry: eng/pot__Noun__1
written_rep: pot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: 盘子
sense_list:
(gambling, poker) The money available to be won in a hand of poker or a round of other games of chance; (figuratively) any sum of money being used as an enticement. | An allocation of money for a particular purpose.


lexentry: eng/pot_calling_the_kettle_black__Noun__1
written_rep: pot calling the kettle black
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 五十步笑百步
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A situation in which somebody comments on or accuses someone else of a fault which the accuser shares.


lexentry: eng/potassium__Noun__1
written_rep: potassium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 鉀 | 钾
sense_list:
A soft, waxy, silvery reactive metal that is never found unbound in nature; an element (symbol K) with an atomic number of 19 and atomic weight of 39.0983. The symbol is derived from the Latin kalium.


lexentry: eng/potassium_cyanide__Noun__1
written_rep: potassium cyanide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 氰化鉀
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) The potassium salt of hydrocyanic acid, KCN; the colourless crystals are soluble in water, and it is extremely poisonous, and is used in electroplating, the extraction of gold and silver from their ores, and in photography.


lexentry: eng/potato_crisp__Noun__1
written_rep: potato crisp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 教宗
sense_list:
(Ireland, UK, chiefly, in the plural) A thin slice of potato that has been deep-fried until it is brittle and crispy, and which is eaten when cool; they are typically packaged and sold as a snack.


lexentry: eng/potential__Noun__1
written_rep: potential
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 位能
sense_list:
(physics) The gravitational potential: the radial (irrotational, static) component of a gravitational field, also known as the Newtonian potential or the gravitoelectric field.


lexentry: eng/potential_energy__Noun__1
written_rep: potential energy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 位能
sense_list:
The energy possessed by an object because of its position (in a gravitational or electric field), or its condition (as a stretched or compressed spring, as a chemical reactant, or by having rest mass).


lexentry: eng/potentiometer__Noun__1
written_rep: potentiometer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 電位器
sense_list:
(electronics) A user-adjustable three-terminal variable resistor that can be used as a voltage divider.


lexentry: eng/pouch__Noun__1
written_rep: pouch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 獎學金
sense_list:
A small bag usually closed with a drawstring. | (zoology) An organic pocket in which a marsupial carries its young.


lexentry: eng/pounce__Noun__1
written_rep: pounce
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 沙
sense_list:
(historical) A type of fine powder, as of sandarac, or cuttlefish bone, sprinkled over wet ink to dry the ink after writing or on rough paper to smooth the writing surface.


lexentry: eng/pound__Noun__1
written_rep: pound
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 英镑
sense_list:
A unit of mass equal to 16 avoirdupois ounces (= 453.592 g). Today this value is the most common meaning of "pound" as a unit of weight. | A unit of currency in various currency systems. | Any of various units of currency formerly used in the United States.


lexentry: eng/pound_cake__Noun__1
written_rep: pound cake
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 磅蛋糕
sense_list:
(US) A dense yellow cake, the traditional recipe for which consists of equal quantities (nominally one pound) of butter, eggs, flour, and sugar.


lexentry: eng/pour__Verb__1
written_rep: pour
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 倒
sense_list:
(transitive, figurative) To send out as in a stream or a flood; to cause (an emotion) to come out; to cause to escape.


lexentry: eng/powder__Noun__1
written_rep: powder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 灰
sense_list:
The fine particles which are the result of reducing a dry substance by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or the result of decay; dust. | (cosmetics) A mixture of fine dry, sweet-smelling particles applied to the face or other body parts, to reduce shine or to alleviate chaffing.


lexentry: eng/power__Noun__1
written_rep: power
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: 功率
sense_list:
(physics, mechanics) A measure of the effectiveness that a force producing a physical effect has over time. If linear, the quotient of: (force multiplied by the displacement of or in an object) ÷ time. If rotational, the quotient of: (force multiplied by the angle of displacement) ÷ time.


lexentry: eng/power_inverter__Noun__1
written_rep: power inverter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 换流器
sense_list:
(electrical engineering) A device that converts direct current electricity to alternating current electricity.


lexentry: eng/power_line__Noun__1
written_rep: power line
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 电源线
sense_list:
An electrical wire, cable or conduit, suspended in air by utility poles or transmission towers, or buried underground, used for the carrying of electricity either from a power source such as a generating station to a substation, or from a substation to a building such as a plant, commercial building or a home.


lexentry: eng/practice__Noun__1
written_rep: practice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 練習
sense_list:
Repetition of an activity to improve a skill. | (uncountable, especially, medicine, arts) The ongoing pursuit of a craft or profession, particularly in medicine or the fine arts. | The observance of religious duties that a church requires of its members. | A customary action, habit, or behaviour; a manner or routine. | Actual operation or experiment, in contrast to theory.


lexentry: eng/practise__Verb__1
written_rep: practise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 使用
sense_list:
(transitive) To repeat (an activity) as a way of improving one's skill in that activity. | (transitive) To perform or observe in an habitual fashion. | To put into practice; to carry out; to act upon; to commit; to execute; to do.


lexentry: eng/pragmatism__Noun__1
written_rep: pragmatism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 实用主义
sense_list:
The pursuit of practicality over aesthetic qualities; a concentration on facts rather than emotions or ideals. | (philosophy) The idea that beliefs are identified with the actions of a believer, and the truth of beliefs with success of those actions in securing a believer's goals; the doctrine that ideas must be looked at in terms of their practical effects and consequences.


lexentry: eng/prairie__Noun__1
written_rep: prairie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 大草原
sense_list:
An extensive area of relatively flat grassland with few, if any, trees, especially in North America.


lexentry: eng/prairie_dog__Noun__1
written_rep: prairie dog
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 草原松鼠 | 草原犬鼠
sense_list:
Any of genus Cynomys, small, stout-bodied burrowing rodents with shallow cheek pouches, native to North America and Central America.


lexentry: eng/pram__Noun__1
written_rep: pram
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 婴儿车
sense_list:
A small vehicle, usually covered, in which a newborn baby is pushed around in a lying position. | (colloquial, loosely) A pushchair; a buggy.


lexentry: eng/praseodymium__Noun__1
written_rep: praseodymium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 鐠 | 镨
sense_list:
A chemical element (symbol Pr) with an atomic number of 59, a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile rare earth metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties.


lexentry: eng/pray__Verb__1
written_rep: pray
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 祈祷
sense_list:
(religion) To direct words, thoughts, or one's attention to a deity or any higher being, for the sake of adoration, thanks, petition for help, etc. | (obsolete) To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat for.


lexentry: eng/praying_mantis__Noun__1
written_rep: praying mantis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 螳螂
sense_list:
Any of various predatory, cannibalistic insects of the order Mantodea that have a prayer-like stance.


lexentry: eng/pre-Columbian__Adjective__1
written_rep: pre-Columbian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 前哥伦布
sense_list:
Referring to the cultures of the Americas before the European influence, specifically to the era before the continent was visited by Christopher Columbus.


lexentry: eng/preacher__Noun__1
written_rep: preacher
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 传教士
sense_list:
Someone who preaches a worldview, philosophy, or religion, especially someone who preaches the gospel and especially a clergyman or clergywoman. In a religious context, usually used only to refer to Protestant Christian clergy.


lexentry: eng/precedent__Noun__1
written_rep: precedent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 先例
sense_list:
An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future.


lexentry: eng/precinct__Noun__1
written_rep: precinct
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 区
sense_list:
(US, law enforcement) A subdivision of a city under the jurisdiction of a specific group of police; the police station situated in that district.


lexentry: eng/precious_metal__Noun__1
written_rep: precious metal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 貴重金屬
sense_list:
A rare metallic chemical element of high economic value, such as gold, platinum, palladium, or rhodium.


lexentry: eng/precious_stone__Noun__1
written_rep: precious stone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 寶石
sense_list:
Any gem, such as a diamond or ruby, that is expensive because of its rarity or desirability; especially one set into a piece of jewelry.


lexentry: eng/precipitation__Noun__1
written_rep: precipitation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 沉淀
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable, chemistry) A reaction that leads to the formation of a heavier solid in a lighter liquid; the precipitate so formed at the bottom of the container.


lexentry: eng/precision__Noun__1
written_rep: precision
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 准确度
sense_list:
(broadly) The state of being precise or exact; especially, both exact and accurate. | (mathematics) The number of significant digits to which a value may be measured reliably.


lexentry: eng/precondition__Noun__1
written_rep: precondition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 前提
sense_list:
A condition that requires satisfaction before taking a course of action. | A medical illness, ailment, or adverse condition that exists before an insurance policy takes effect.


lexentry: eng/predator__Noun__1
written_rep: predator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 食肉兽
sense_list:
Any animal or other organism that hunts and kills other non-plant organisms (their prey), primarily for food.


lexentry: eng/predecessor__Noun__1
written_rep: predecessor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 上
sense_list:
A model or type of machinery or device which precedes the current (or later) one. Usually used to describe an earlier, outdated model.


lexentry: eng/predicate__Noun__1
written_rep: predicate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 術語
sense_list:
(grammar) The part of the sentence (or clause) which states a property that a subject has or is characterized by.


lexentry: eng/predicative__Noun__1
written_rep: predicative
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 属性
sense_list:
(grammar) An element of the predicate of a sentence which complements the subject or object by means of the verb. Predicatives may be nominal or adjectival.


lexentry: eng/predict__Verb__1
written_rep: predict
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 預測
sense_list:
(transitive) To make a prediction: to forecast, foretell, or estimate a future event on the basis of knowledge and reasoning; to prophesy a future event on the basis of mystical knowledge or power.


lexentry: eng/predisposition__Noun__1
written_rep: predisposition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 趋势
sense_list:
The state of being predisposed or susceptible to something, especially to a behavior or a health condition.


lexentry: eng/preeminent__Adjective__1
written_rep: preeminent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 优秀
sense_list:
Exceeding others in quality or rank; of outstanding excellence, extremely notable or important. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/preface__Noun__1
written_rep: preface
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 介绍
sense_list:
A beginning or introductory portion that comes before the main text of a document or book, typically serving to contextualize or explain the writing of the book and sometimes to acknowledge others' contributions; especially, such a discussion written by the work's own author.


lexentry: eng/prefix__Noun__1
written_rep: prefix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 前綴
sense_list:
(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning, for example as, pre- in prefix, con- in conjure, re- in reheat, etc.


lexentry: eng/prelude__Noun__1
written_rep: prelude
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 前奏曲
sense_list:
(music) A short, free-form piece of music, originally one serving as an introduction to a longer and more complex piece; later, starting with the Romantic period, generally a stand-alone piece. [from 1650s]


lexentry: eng/premature_ejaculation__Noun__1
written_rep: premature ejaculation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 早泄
sense_list:
A medical condition where a man, when initiating sexual intercourse, will experience an orgasm and expel semen after a time period far below the average, generally defined as one minute or less.


lexentry: eng/premier__Noun__1
written_rep: premier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 总理
sense_list:
(politics, non-Westminster) The government leader in a legislative congress or leader of a government-level administrative body; the head of government.


lexentry: eng/premiere__Noun__1
written_rep: premiere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 初次的演出
sense_list:
The first showing of a film, play or other form of entertainment, often held as a special event with celebrity guests.


lexentry: eng/premolar__Noun__1
written_rep: premolar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 前磨齒
sense_list:
A tooth situated in front of the molar teeth; especially a tooth in humans with two cusps which is between the canines and the molars (Latin: singular dens premolaris, plural dentes premolares)


lexentry: eng/premonition__Noun__1
written_rep: premonition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 前兆
sense_list:
A clairvoyant or clairaudient experience, such as a dream, which resonates with some event in the future.


lexentry: eng/premonition__Noun__1
written_rep: premonition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 預感
sense_list:
A strong intuition that something is about to happen (usually something negative, but not exclusively).


lexentry: eng/prepare__Verb__1
written_rep: prepare
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 准备
sense_list:
(transitive) To make ready for a specific future purpose; to set up; to assemble or equip; to forearm. | (intransitive) To make oneself ready; to get ready, make preparation.


lexentry: eng/preponderance__Noun__1
written_rep: preponderance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 好处
sense_list:
(specifically, weaponry, historical) The excess of weight of that part of a cannon behind the trunnions over that in front of them.


lexentry: eng/preposition__Noun__1
written_rep: preposition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 介词 | 介詞
sense_list:
(grammar, strict sense) Any of a class of non-inflecting words and multiword terms typically employed to connect a following noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word: a particle used with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to make a phrase limiting some other word.


lexentry: eng/prepositional_phrase__Noun__1
written_rep: prepositional phrase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 介词短语
sense_list:
(grammar) A phrase containing both a preposition and its object or complement and which may be used as an adjunct or a modifier.


lexentry: eng/prequel__Noun__1
written_rep: prequel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 前奏曲
sense_list:
(narratology) In a series of works, an installment that is set chronologically before its predecessor, especially the original narrative or (perhaps improper usage) any narrative work with at least one sequel.


lexentry: eng/prerequisite__Noun__1
written_rep: prerequisite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 前提
sense_list:
In education, a course or topic that must be completed before another course or topic can be started. May be colloquially referred to as a prereq.


lexentry: eng/prescribe__Verb__1
written_rep: prescribe
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 開藥
sense_list:
(medicine) To order (a drug or medical device) for use by a particular patient (under licensed authority).


lexentry: eng/prescribe__Verb__1
written_rep: prescribe
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 听写
sense_list:
To specify by writing as a required procedure or ritual; to lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of action.


lexentry: eng/prescription__Noun__1
written_rep: prescription
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 烹飪法
sense_list:
(medicine, pharmacy, pharmacology) A written order from an authorized medical practitioner for provision of a medicine or other treatment, such as (ophthalmology) the specific lenses needed for a pair of glasses.


lexentry: eng/presence__Noun__1
written_rep: presence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 在场
sense_list:
A quality of poise and effectiveness that enables a performer to achieve a close relationship with their audience. | A quality that sets an individual out from others; a quality that makes them noticed and/or admired even if they are not speaking or performing. | Something (as a spirit) felt or believed to be present.


lexentry: eng/present__Adjective__1
written_rep: present
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 在场
sense_list:
Relating to now, for the time being; current. | Located in the immediate vicinity. | Relating to something a person is referring to in the very context, with a deictic use similar to the demonstrative adjective this.


lexentry: eng/present__Verb__1
written_rep: present
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 提出
sense_list:
(transitive) To put (something) forward in order for it to be seen; to show, exhibit. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/present_participle__Noun__1
written_rep: present participle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 現在分詞
sense_list:
(grammar) A nonfinite verb form that indicates an ongoing action or state and which can function as an adjective.


lexentry: eng/present_perfect__Noun__1
written_rep: present perfect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 完美
sense_list:
(grammar) A perfect tense that expresses action in the past (usually completed) with consequences in the present time.


lexentry: eng/present_tense__Noun__1
written_rep: present tense
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 现在式
sense_list:
(grammar) A grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in the present time.


lexentry: eng/press__Noun__1
written_rep: press
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 报纸
sense_list:
(countable) A device used to apply pressure to an item. | (uncountable, collective) The print-based media (both the people and the newspapers).


lexentry: eng/pressure__Noun__1
written_rep: pressure
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 压力 | 壓力
sense_list:
A pressing; a force applied to a surface. | A contrasting force or impulse of any kind. | (physics) The amount of force that is applied over a given area divided by the size of this area; force per unit area.


lexentry: eng/pressure_cooker__Noun__1
written_rep: pressure cooker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 壓力鍋
sense_list:
(cookware) A sealed cooking vessel that allows cooking in greater than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature above the boiling point of water.


lexentry: eng/prestige__Noun__1
written_rep: prestige
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 威信
sense_list:
The quality of how good the reputation of something or someone is, how favourably something or someone is regarded.


lexentry: eng/presume__Verb__1
written_rep: presume
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 假設
sense_list:
(transitive) To assume or suggest to be true (without proof); to take for granted, to suppose. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/presumption__Noun__1
written_rep: presumption
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 推斷
sense_list:
(legal) An inference that a trier of fact is either permitted or required to draw under certain factual circumstances (as prescribed by statute or case law) unless the party against whom the inference is drawn is able to rebut it with admissible, competent evidence.


lexentry: eng/presumptuous__Adjective__1
written_rep: presumptuous
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 自負的（人）
sense_list:
Making unwarranted presumptions or assumptions, often out of arrogance or excessive self-confidence, and thus exceeding what is appropriate or right.


lexentry: eng/pretend__Verb__1
written_rep: pretend
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 去
sense_list:
(intransitive, or, with 'that' clause, or, 'to' infinitive) To speak or behave so as to give a false or simulated appearance. [from 14th c.] | (transitive, obsolete) To intend; to design, to plot; to attempt.


lexentry: eng/preterite__Noun__1
written_rep: preterite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 未完成時
sense_list:
(grammar) A grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past.


lexentry: eng/pretty__Adjective__1
written_rep: pretty
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 漂亮
sense_list:
Pleasant to the sight or other senses; attractive, especially of women or children. [from 15th c.] | Of objects or things: nice-looking, appealing. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/prick__Noun__1
written_rep: prick
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 屁眼
sense_list:
An indentation or small mark made with a pointed object. [from 10th c.] | The experience or feeling of being pierced or punctured by a small, sharp object. [from 13th c.] | (slang, derogatory) Someone (especially a male) who is unpleasant, rude or annoying. [from 16th c.] | (obsolete) The point on a target at which an archer aims; the mark; the pin.


lexentry: eng/pride__Noun__1
written_rep: pride
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 自負
sense_list:
A sense of one's own worth; reasonable self-esteem and satisfaction (in oneself, in one's work, one's family, etc). | An unreasonable overestimation of one's own superiority in terms of talents, or looks, wealth, importance, etc., which comes across as being haughty, lofty, and often showing contempt of others; exaggerated self-worth.


lexentry: eng/pride__Noun__1
written_rep: pride
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 吹嘘
sense_list:
Something or someone of which one is proud; that which is the source of self-congratulation and self-esteem (whether reasonable or arrogant), for example


lexentry: eng/pride_parade__Noun__1
written_rep: pride parade
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 骄傲游行
sense_list:
An annual parade, held in communities in many parts of the world, celebrating lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex pride and culture and the acceptance of people belonging to sexual minorities.


lexentry: eng/priest__Noun__1
written_rep: priest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 祭司
sense_list:
A religious clergyman (clergywoman, clergyperson) who is trained to perform services or sacrifices at a church or temple.


lexentry: eng/priesthood__Noun__1
written_rep: priesthood
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 圣职者
sense_list:
The role or office of a priest. | Priests as a group. | Authority to act in the name of God or the divine in general.


lexentry: eng/primary_color__Noun__1
written_rep: primary color
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 原色
sense_list:
Any of three colors which, when added to or subtracted from others in different amounts, can generate all other colors


lexentry: eng/primary_colour__Noun__1
written_rep: primary colour
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 原色
sense_list:
(British spelling) Any of three colours which, when added to or subtracted from others in different amounts, can generate all other colours


lexentry: eng/primary_education__Noun__1
written_rep: primary education
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 小学
sense_list:
The basic schooling given to children up to the age of puberty, including reading, writing, and basic mathematics.


lexentry: eng/primary_key__Noun__1
written_rep: primary key
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 主键
sense_list:
(computing, databases) In the design of a database table, the primary key (abbreviated PK) is selected among the non-empty set of candidate keys. The PK is a column (or an irreducible group of columns) able to identify every row of the table.


lexentry: eng/primary_school__Noun__1
written_rep: primary school
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 小学
sense_list:
(British, Australian, NZ, India, sometimes, Philippines, schools) A formal, obligatory kind of school that typically begins with nursery school or first grade and ends at fifth or sixth grade.


lexentry: eng/prime__Adjective__1
written_rep: prime
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 第一
sense_list:
First in time, order, or sequence. | (mathematics, lay) Having exactly two integral factors: itself and unity (1 in the case of integers).


lexentry: eng/prime_minister__Noun__1
written_rep: prime minister
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 总理
sense_list:
The chief member of the cabinet and head of the government, especially in a parliamentary democracy; often the leader of the majority party.


lexentry: eng/prime_mover__Noun__1
written_rep: prime mover
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 拖拉机
sense_list:
(automotive) The front part of a semi-trailer type truck, i.e., the tractor to which the trailer part attaches.


lexentry: eng/prime_number__Noun__1
written_rep: prime number
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 素数
sense_list:
(number theory) Any natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers.


lexentry: eng/primer__Noun__2
written_rep: primer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: 引物
sense_list:
(biochemistry, genetics) A molecule which initiates the synthesis of an enzyme, (especially) a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule which initiates DNA replication.


lexentry: eng/primeval_forest__Noun__1
written_rep: primeval forest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 原始森林
sense_list:
A forest unaffected by humans, typically containing large live trees, large dead trees, and large logs.


lexentry: eng/prince__Noun__1
written_rep: prince
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 王子
sense_list:
Someone who is preeminent in their field; a great person. [from 13th c.] | The (male) ruler or head of a principality. [from 14th c.] | A male member of a royal family other than the ruler; especially (in the United Kingdom) the son or grandson of the monarch. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/princess__Noun__1
written_rep: princess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 公主
sense_list:
A female member of a royal family other than a queen, especially a daughter or granddaughter of a monarch. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/principal__Noun__1
written_rep: principal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 首都
sense_list:
(finance, uncountable) The money originally invested or loaned, on which basis interest and returns are calculated.


lexentry: eng/principal__Noun__1
written_rep: principal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 校長
sense_list:
(North America, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines) The chief administrator of a school. | (architecture, engineering) The construction that gives shape and strength to a roof, generally a truss of timber or iron; or, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing.


lexentry: eng/principal__Noun__1
written_rep: principal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 客人
sense_list:
(law) A legal person that authorizes another (the agent) to act on their behalf; or on whose behalf an agent or gestor in a negotiorum gestio acts.


lexentry: eng/principle__Noun__1
written_rep: principle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 原则
sense_list:
A rule used to choose among solutions to a problem. | (physics) A rule or law of nature, or the basic idea on how the laws of nature are applied.


lexentry: eng/print__Noun__1
written_rep: print
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 书籍
sense_list:
(uncountable) Books and other material created by printing presses, considered collectively or as a medium.


lexentry: eng/printed_circuit_board__Noun__1
written_rep: printed circuit board
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 印制电路板
sense_list:
(electronics) A flat board that holds chips and other electronic components in layers that interconnect by means of copper pathways, often called traces.


lexentry: eng/printer__Noun__1
written_rep: printer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 打印机 | 打印機
sense_list:
(computer hardware) A device, usually attached to a computer, used to print text or images onto paper; an analogous device capable of producing three-dimensional objects.


lexentry: eng/printing__Noun__1
written_rep: printing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 打印
sense_list:
(uncountable) The process or business of producing printed material by means of inked type and a printing press or similar technology.


lexentry: eng/prism__Noun__1
written_rep: prism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 棱柱
sense_list:
(geometry) A polyhedron with parallel ends of the same polygonal shape and size, the other faces being parallelogram-shaped sides. | (optics) A transparent block in the shape of a prism (sense 1), typically with triangular ends, used to reflect or refract light.


lexentry: eng/prison__Noun__1
written_rep: prison
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 監獄
sense_list:
A place or institution where people are held against their will, in the US especially for long-term confinement, as of those convicted of serious crimes or otherwise considered undesirable by the government.


lexentry: eng/private__Adjective__1
written_rep: private
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 私人
sense_list:
Belonging or pertaining to an individual person, group of people, or entity that is not the state. | Protected from view or disturbance by others; secluded; not publicly accessible.


lexentry: eng/private__Adjective__1
written_rep: private
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 秘密
sense_list:
Not publicly known or divulged; secret, confidential; (of a message) intended only for a specific person or group.


lexentry: eng/private_detective__Noun__1
written_rep: private detective
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 侦探 偵探
sense_list:
Person who is not a government official who is hired to provide information about a person or group that is not widely available


lexentry: eng/private_law__Noun__1
written_rep: private law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 私法
sense_list:
(legal) The area of law pertaining to the relationships between private persons (natural or legal persons including corporations), as opposed to relations between the state and private persons.


lexentry: eng/private_property__Noun__1
written_rep: private property
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 私有財產
sense_list:
(law, property law) Property to which individuals or corporations have certain exclusive property rights, but do not necessarily possess.


lexentry: eng/private_sector__Noun__1
written_rep: private sector
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 私人部门
sense_list:
(business) All organizations in an economy or jurisdiction that are not controlled by government, including privately owned businesses and not-for-profit organizations.


lexentry: eng/privateer__Noun__1
written_rep: privateer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 私掠
sense_list:
(historical) An officer or any other member of the crew of such a ship; a government-sanctioned pirate. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/prize__Noun__1
written_rep: prize
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 价格
sense_list:
That which is taken from another; something captured; a thing seized by force, stratagem, or superior power. | (military, nautical) Anything captured by a belligerent using the rights of war; especially, property captured at sea in virtue of the rights of war, as a vessel. | Anything worth striving for; a valuable possession held or in prospect. | (obsolete) A contest for a reward; competition.


lexentry: eng/prize__Noun__1
written_rep: prize
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 獎品
sense_list:
An honour or reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything offered to be competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort. | That which may be won by chance, as in a lottery.


lexentry: eng/probability__Noun__1
written_rep: probability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 概率
sense_list:
An event that is likely to occur. | The relative likelihood of an event happening. | (mathematics) A number, between 0 and 1, expressing the precise likelihood of an event happening.


lexentry: eng/probiotic__Noun__1
written_rep: probiotic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 益生菌
sense_list:
(bacteriology) A food or dietary supplement, such as a yogurt, containing live bacteria for therapeutic reasons.


lexentry: eng/problem__Noun__1
written_rep: problem
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 难题
sense_list:
A difficulty that has to be resolved or dealt with. | Difficulty in accepting or understanding or refusal to accept or understand.


lexentry: eng/procedural_law__Noun__1
written_rep: procedural law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 程序法
sense_list:
(legal) The law that comprises the rule by which a court hears and determines what happens in civil or criminal proceedings.


lexentry: eng/proceed__Verb__1
written_rep: proceed
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 进行
sense_list:
To go on in an orderly or regulated manner; to begin and carry on a series of acts or measures; to act methodically.


lexentry: eng/process__Noun__1
written_rep: process
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 行程
sense_list:
A series of events leading to a result or product. | A path or succession of states through which a system passes. | (biology) Successive physiological responses to keep or restore health.


lexentry: eng/procession__Noun__1
written_rep: procession
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 遊行
sense_list:
A group of people or things moving along in an orderly, stately, or solemn manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a retinue.


lexentry: eng/prodigy__Noun__1
written_rep: prodigy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 下
sense_list:
An amazing or marvellous thing; a wonder. [from 17th c.] | A wonderful example of something. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/produce__Noun__1
written_rep: produce
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 哪里
sense_list:
Harvested agricultural goods collectively, especially vegetables and fruit, but possibly including eggs, dairy products and meat; the saleable food products of farms.


lexentry: eng/producer__Noun__1
written_rep: producer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 制作者
sense_list:
(economics) An individual or organization that creates goods and services. | (UK, Irish, slang) An arrest for speeding after which the driver is allowed seven (in the UK) or ten (in Ireland) days to produce his/her driving licence and related documents at a police station.


lexentry: eng/product__Noun__1
written_rep: product
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 乘积
sense_list:
(chemistry) A chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction. | (mathematics) Any operation or a result thereof which generalises multiplication of numbers, like the multiplicative operation in a ring, product of types or a categorical product. | A consequence of someone's efforts or of a particular set of circumstances. | Any tangible or intangible good or service that is a result of a process and that is intended for delivery to a customer or end user. | The amount of an artifact that has been created by someone or some process. | (countable, uncountable) A commodity offered for sale.


lexentry: eng/production__Noun__1
written_rep: production
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 生产
sense_list:
The act of producing, making or creating something. [from 15th c.] | The act of being produced. | The total amount produced.


lexentry: eng/profane__Verb__1
written_rep: profane
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 褻瀆
sense_list:
(transitive) To violate (something sacred); to treat with abuse, irreverence, obloquy, or contempt; to desecrate


lexentry: eng/profanity__Noun__1
written_rep: profanity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 褻瀆
sense_list:
(uncountable) The quality of being profane; quality of irreverence, of treating sacred things with contempt.


lexentry: eng/profession__Noun__1
written_rep: profession
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 职业
sense_list:
(religion) A promise or vow made on entering a religious order. [from 12th c.] | The declaration of belief in the principles of a religion; hence, one's faith or religion. [from 16th c.] | A professional occupation. | An occupation, trade, craft, or activity in which one has a professed expertise in a particular area; a job, especially one requiring a high level of skill or training. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/professional__Adjective__1
written_rep: professional
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 专业
sense_list:
Of, pertaining to, or in accordance with the (usually high) standards of a profession. | That is carried out for money, especially as a livelihood. | (by extension) Expert.


lexentry: eng/professional_wrestling__Noun__1
written_rep: professional wrestling
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 職業摔角
sense_list:
A form of sports entertainment characterized by the performance of choreographed wrestling matches with predetermined outcomes.


lexentry: eng/professor__Noun__1
written_rep: professor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 老师
sense_list:
(US, Philippines, informal) A teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank.


lexentry: eng/profit__Noun__1
written_rep: profit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 利润
sense_list:
(accounting, economics) Total income or cash flow minus expenditures. The money or other benefit a non-governmental organization or individual receives in exchange for products and services sold at an advertised price.


lexentry: eng/profit__Verb__1
written_rep: profit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 享受
sense_list:
(transitive) To benefit (somebody), be of use to (somebody). | (intransitive, construed with from) To benefit, gain.


lexentry: eng/profound__Adjective__1
written_rep: profound
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 本质的
sense_list:
Descending far below the surface; opening or reaching to great depth; deep. | Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough. | Characterized by intensity; deeply felt; pervading.


lexentry: eng/progeria__Noun__1
written_rep: progeria
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 早年衰老症候群
sense_list:
(pathology) An extremely rare genetic condition wherein symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at an early age.


lexentry: eng/prognosis__Noun__1
written_rep: prognosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 预测
sense_list:
A forecast of the future course or outcome of a situation based on what is presently known; a prediction. [from mid 17th c.] | (medicine) A forecast of the future course or outcome of a disease or disorder based on current medical knowledge. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/program__Noun__1
written_rep: program
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 程序
sense_list:
A set of structured activities; a plan of action. | A leaflet listing information about a play, game or other activity. | (broadcasting) A performance of a show or other broadcast on radio or television.


lexentry: eng/program__Noun__1
written_rep: program
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 计划
sense_list:
(politics) A set of principal goals which someone, especially a political party or candidate, supports.


lexentry: eng/program__Verb__1
written_rep: program
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 编程
sense_list:
(transitive) To enter a program or other instructions into (a computer or other electronic device) to instruct it to do a particular task. | (transitive) To put together the schedule of an event.


lexentry: eng/programming_language__Noun__1
written_rep: programming language
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 编程语言
sense_list:
(programming) A code of reserved words and symbols used in computer programs, which give instructions to the computer on how to accomplish certain computing tasks.


lexentry: eng/progress__Noun__1
written_rep: progress
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 进展
sense_list:
Specifically, advancement to a higher or more developed state; development, growth. [from 15th c.] | Movement onwards, forwards, or towards a specific objective or direction; advance. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/projection__Noun__1
written_rep: projection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 射影
sense_list:
Something which projects, protrudes, juts out, sticks out, or stands out. | The action of projecting or throwing or propelling something. | A forecast or prognosis obtained by extrapolation


lexentry: eng/proletariat__Noun__1
written_rep: proletariat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 无产阶级
sense_list:
(often, derogatory, also, figuratively) The lowest class of society; also, the lower classes of society generally; the masses.


lexentry: eng/prom__Noun__1
written_rep: prom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 舞会
sense_list:
(US) A formal ball held at a high school or college on special occasions; e.g., near the end of the academic year.


lexentry: eng/promenade__Noun__1
written_rep: promenade
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 散步
sense_list:
A place where one takes a walk for leisurely pleasure, or for exercise, especially a terrace by the seaside.


lexentry: eng/promise__Verb__1
written_rep: promise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 承诺
sense_list:
(ambitransitive, ditransitive) To commit to (some action or outcome), or to assure (a person) of such commitment; to make an oath or vow.


lexentry: eng/promissory_note__Noun__1
written_rep: promissory note
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 期票
sense_list:
(finance) A document saying that someone owes a specific amount of money to someone else, often with the deadline and interest fees; the primary purposes of a promissory note are to evidence the debt obligation incurred, and to establish terms for payment thereof.


lexentry: eng/promotional__Adjective__1
written_rep: promotional
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 宣传员
sense_list:
Of or relating to an advertising promotion; serving to promote a service, institution, business, etc.


lexentry: eng/prompter's_box__Noun__1
written_rep: prompter's box
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 孔
sense_list:
The raised box in the apron of a stage, opening towards the actors. The prompter sits inside with the prompter's book, ready to give cues for missed or forgotten lines.


lexentry: eng/pronoun__Noun__1
written_rep: pronoun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 代词 | 代詞
sense_list:
(grammar) A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.


lexentry: eng/proof__Noun__1
written_rep: proof
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 试验
sense_list:
(countable) An effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial. | (uncountable) The degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments which induce, or tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence; demonstration. | (countable, printing) A proof sheet; a trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or examination. | (countable, mathematics) A process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed. Compare prove, transitive verb, 5.


lexentry: eng/proofread__Verb__1
written_rep: proofread
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 改
sense_list:
(transitive, and, intransitive) To check a written text for errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and punctuation.


lexentry: eng/propaganda__Noun__1
written_rep: propaganda
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 政治宣传
sense_list:
(religion, historical) The propagation of the faith by the Catholic Church by means of missionary work etc.


lexentry: eng/propanoic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: propanoic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 丙酸
sense_list:
(fatty acid) The short chain aliphatic carboxylic acid, CH3CH2COOH, used as a preservative, and in the manufacture of many chemical compounds.


lexentry: eng/propeller__Noun__1
written_rep: propeller
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 螺旋槳
sense_list:
A mechanical device with evenly-shaped blades that turn on a shaft to push against air or water, especially one used to propel an aircraft or boat.


lexentry: eng/proper__Adjective__1
written_rep: proper
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 右
sense_list:
Suited or acceptable to the purpose or circumstances; fit, suitable. [13th c.] | Belonging to oneself or itself; own. [14th c.]


lexentry: eng/proper_fraction__Noun__1
written_rep: proper fraction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 真分數
sense_list:
(arithmetic) A vulgar fraction in which the magnitude of the numerator is less than or equal to that of the denominator, such as 2/3.


lexentry: eng/proper_noun__Noun__1
written_rep: proper noun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 专有名词
sense_list:
(grammar) A word or phrase that is a noun denoting a particular person, place, organization, ship, animal, event, or other individual entity.


lexentry: eng/property__Noun__1
written_rep: property
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 所有權
sense_list:
Something that is owned. | A piece of real estate, such as a parcel of land. | The exclusive right of possessing, enjoying and disposing of a thing. | An attribute or abstract quality associated with an individual, object or concept. | An attribute or abstract quality which is characteristic of a class of objects.


lexentry: eng/propolis__Noun__1
written_rep: propolis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 蜂胶
sense_list:
An aromatic glue-like substance produced by honeybees from tree resin, waxes, and their own secretions, used in the construction of their hives.


lexentry: eng/proposal__Noun__1
written_rep: proposal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 请求
sense_list:
(legal) The offer by a party of what they have in view as to an intended business transaction, which, with acceptance, constitutes a contract.


lexentry: eng/proposition__Noun__1
written_rep: proposition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 倡议
sense_list:
(uncountable) The act of offering (an idea) for consideration. | (countable) An idea, plan, or suggestion offered.


lexentry: eng/proposition__Noun__1
written_rep: proposition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: 句
sense_list:
(countable, mathematics, philosophy) An assertion so formulated that it can be considered true or false.


lexentry: eng/proprietary__Adjective__1
written_rep: proprietary
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 主人
sense_list:
Of or relating to property or ownership. | Created or manufactured exclusively by the owner or licensee of intellectual property rights, as with a patent or trade secret.


lexentry: eng/prosecutor__Noun__1
written_rep: prosecutor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 公诉人
sense_list:
(law) A person, as a complainant, victim, or chief witness, who institutes prosecution in a criminal proceeding.


lexentry: eng/prosopagnosia__Noun__1
written_rep: prosopagnosia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 臉盲症
sense_list:
(neurology, pathology, psychology) A form of visual agnosia characterized by difficulty with face recognition despite intact low-level visual processing.


lexentry: eng/prosper__Verb__1
written_rep: prosper
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 开
sense_list:
(intransitive) To be successful; to succeed; to be fortunate or prosperous; to thrive; to make gain.


lexentry: eng/prostitute__Noun__1
written_rep: prostitute
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 妓女
sense_list:
A person who does, or offers to do, a demeaning or dishonourable activity for money or personal gain; someone who acts in a dishonourable way for personal advantage. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/prostitution__Noun__1
written_rep: prostitution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 卖淫
sense_list:
Engaging in sexual activity with another person for pay. | (by extension) Debasement for profit or impure motives.


lexentry: eng/protagonist__Noun__1
written_rep: protagonist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 主角
sense_list:
(authorship) The main character, or one of the main characters, in any story, such as a literary work or drama.


lexentry: eng/protection_money__Noun__1
written_rep: protection money
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 保护
sense_list:
Money paid, especially at regular intervals, to criminals or to corrupt officials who threaten to cause harm to the payer or to his or her business if the money is not paid.


lexentry: eng/protectionism__Noun__1
written_rep: protectionism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 保护主义
sense_list:
(politics, economics) A system or policy of protecting the domestic producers of a product from foreign competition by imposing tariffs, quotas, duties or other barriers on importations.


lexentry: eng/protectorate__Noun__1
written_rep: protectorate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 保护国
sense_list:
(UK, historical) Government by a protector; especially, The Protectorate: government of England, Scotland, and Ireland between 1653 and 1659 under the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell, later his son Richard Cromwell. | The authority assumed by a state over another state deemed inferior or dependent, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and shares in the management of its affairs but the protected state retains its nominal sovereignty.


lexentry: eng/protein__Noun__1
written_rep: protein
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 蛋白質 | 蛋白质
sense_list:
(biochemistry, countable) Any of numerous large, complex naturally-produced molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids, in which the amino acid groups are held together by peptide bonds. | (nutrition, uncountable) One of three major classes of food or source of food energy (4 kcal/gram) abundant in animal-derived foods (meat) and some vegetables, such as legumes.


lexentry: eng/proteome__Noun__1
written_rep: proteome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 蛋白质组
sense_list:
(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of proteins encoded by a particular genome. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/protest__Noun__1
written_rep: protest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 抗議
sense_list:
A formal objection, especially one by a group. | A collective gesture of disapproval; a demonstration.


lexentry: eng/prothesis__Noun__1
written_rep: prothesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 義肢
sense_list:
(phonology) The prepending of phonemes at the beginning of a word without changing its morphological structure, as in Spanish esfera from Greek (via Latin) (without prothesis the word would have become *sfera).


lexentry: eng/protium__Noun__1
written_rep: protium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 氕
sense_list:
(isotope) The lightest and most common isotope of hydrogen, having a single proton and no neutrons: 11H. It is the only stable nuclide with no neutrons.


lexentry: eng/proto-__Prefix__1
written_rep: proto-
part_of_speech: prefix
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 曾
sense_list:
(ordinal number) First in order; which stage is first. | (inorganic chemistry) A minimal proportion of a particular substance when in a combination. See protosalt.


lexentry: eng/protocol__Noun__1
written_rep: protocol
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 协议
sense_list:
(international law, now, _, rare) An official record of a diplomatic meeting or negotiation; later specifically, a draft document setting out agreements to be signed into force by a subsequent formal treaty. [from 17th c.] | The official rules and guidelines for heads of state and other dignitaries, governing accepted behaviour in relations with other diplomatic representatives or over affairs of state. [from 19th c.] | (computing) A set of formal rules describing how to transmit or exchange data, especially across a network. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/proton__Noun__1
written_rep: proton
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 質子 | 质子
sense_list:
(particle) A positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark. [from 1920]


lexentry: eng/protoplasm__Noun__1
written_rep: protoplasm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 原形质
sense_list:
(cytology) The entire contents of a cell comprising the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is a semi-fluid, transparent substance which is the living matter of plant and animal cells.


lexentry: eng/prototype__Noun__1
written_rep: prototype
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 原型
sense_list:
An original form or object which is a basis for other forms or objects (particularly manufactured items), or for its generalizations and models. [from late 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/prototype_pattern__Noun__1
written_rep: prototype pattern
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 原型
sense_list:
(programming) A creational design pattern that determines the type of objects to create by a prototypical instance, which is cloned to produce new objects.


lexentry: eng/proud__Adjective__1
written_rep: proud
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 傲然
sense_list:
Feeling honoured (by something); feeling happy or satisfied about an event or fact; gratified. | Possessed of a due sense of what one deserves or is worth. | Standing out or raised; swollen. | (obsolete) Brave, valiant; gallant.


lexentry: eng/proverb__Noun__1
written_rep: proverb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 箴言
sense_list:
(obsolete) Any commonly used turn of phrase expressing a metaphor, simile, or descriptive epithet. [before 18th c.] | (obsolete) A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma; a parable. | (obsolete) A drama exemplifying a proverb.


lexentry: eng/proverbial__Adjective__1
written_rep: proverbial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 谚语的
sense_list:
Of, resembling, or expressed as a proverb, cliché, fable, or fairy tale. | Optionally placed before an element of a well-known proverb or metaphor to emphasize that the element is not being used in a literal sense (see Usage notes below) | Widely known; famous; stereotypical.


lexentry: eng/prowess__Noun__1
written_rep: prowess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 地址
sense_list:
(uncountable) Skillfulness or extraordinary ability in a particular area of expertise; dexterity, mastery, or proficiency.


lexentry: eng/proxy_server__Noun__1
written_rep: proxy server
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 代理
sense_list:
(computing) A hardware server that acts as an intermediary between a user and another server, usually on the Internet.


lexentry: eng/proxy_war__Noun__1
written_rep: proxy war
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 代理战争
sense_list:
A war where two powers use third parties as a supplement to, or a substitute for, fighting each other directly.


lexentry: eng/prudence__Noun__1
written_rep: prudence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 知识
sense_list:
(uncountable) The quality or state of being prudent: circumspection and good judgment in knowing how best to act; (countable, archaic) an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/prune__Verb__2
written_rep: prune
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 修剪
sense_list:
(transitive, horticulture) To remove excess material from a tree or shrub; to trim, especially to make more healthy or productive.


lexentry: eng/pruning_shears__Noun__1
written_rep: pruning shears
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 修枝剪
sense_list:
(plurale tantum) A tool consisting of two blades with bevel edges, connected by a pivot, used for gardening.


lexentry: eng/psalm__Noun__1
written_rep: psalm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 诗篇
sense_list:
(religion, music) A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God. | One of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship.


lexentry: eng/pseudoephedrine__Noun__1
written_rep: pseudoephedrine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 伪麻黄碱
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) A sympathomimetic alkaloid commonly used as a decongestant; a chemical compound, an isomer of ephedrine, with the formula C10H15NO.


lexentry: eng/psilocybin__Noun__1
written_rep: psilocybin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 裸盖菇素
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A hallucinogenic alkaloid, C12H15N2O·H2PO3, present in several species of Central American mushroom and producing effects similar to LSD. The prodrug of psilocin.


lexentry: eng/psittacosis__Noun__1
written_rep: psittacosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 鸚鵡熱
sense_list:
(disease) An infection by Chlamydia bacteria, caught from infected birds, and characterised by fever, pneumonia and headaches.


lexentry: eng/psoriasis__Noun__1
written_rep: psoriasis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 牛皮癣
sense_list:
(disease) A noncontagious disease whose main symptom is gray or silvery flaky patches on the skin which are red and inflamed underneath when scratched.


lexentry: eng/psychoanalysis__Noun__1
written_rep: psychoanalysis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 精神分析学
sense_list:
A family of theories and methods within the field of psychotherapy that work to find connections among patients' unconscious mental processes.


lexentry: eng/psychology__Noun__1
written_rep: psychology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 心理学
sense_list:
(uncountable) The study of the human mind. | (uncountable) The study of human or animal behavior. | (countable) The mental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics pertaining to a specified person, group, or activity.


lexentry: eng/psychophysics__Noun__1
written_rep: psychophysics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 心理物理学
sense_list:
(psychology) The branch of psychology concerned with the effects of physical stimuli on mental processes.


lexentry: eng/psychosis__Noun__1
written_rep: psychosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 思覺失調
sense_list:
(psychology) A severe mental disorder, sometimes with physical damage to the brain, marked by a deranged personality and a distorted view of reality.


lexentry: eng/ptarmigan__Noun__1
written_rep: ptarmigan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 岩雷鸟
sense_list:
Any of three species of small grouse in the genus Lagopus found in subarctic tundra areas of North America and Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/pub__Noun__1
written_rep: pub
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 酒店
sense_list:
(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) A public house where beverages, primarily alcoholic, may be bought and consumed, also providing food and sometimes entertainment such as live music or television.


lexentry: eng/public__Adjective__1
written_rep: public
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 公共
sense_list:
Pertaining to the people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people; concerning the whole community or country. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/public_domain__Noun__1
written_rep: public domain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 公共领域
sense_list:
(specifically, law) The realm of intellectual property which is not or no longer protected by copyrights or patents, and thus over which no person can establish a proprietary interest.


lexentry: eng/public_holiday__Noun__1
written_rep: public holiday
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 节日
sense_list:
A national or regional holiday from work on a specific day, usually for cultural reasons or celebrations.


lexentry: eng/public_office__Noun__1
written_rep: public office
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 办
sense_list:
(government) A position or occupation established by law or by the act of a government body, for the purpose of exercising the authority of the government in the service of the public.


lexentry: eng/public_relations__Noun__1
written_rep: public relations
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 公共关系
sense_list:
The professional dissemination and management of information by a person or an organization to the public with the purpose of creating a favorable public image.


lexentry: eng/public_transport__Noun__1
written_rep: public transport
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 公共交通
sense_list:
(UK, AU, NZ) Any form of transport that can be used by a member of public (who usually pays a fare); as opposed to private ownership of e.g. cars.


lexentry: eng/publication__Noun__1
written_rep: publication
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 出版
sense_list:
The act of publishing printed or other matter. | An issue of printed or other matter, offered for sale or distribution. | The communication of information to the general public etc.


lexentry: eng/publicist__Noun__1
written_rep: publicist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 宣传员
sense_list:
A person whose job is to publicize information or events; a publicity agent; a public relations agent or worker.


lexentry: eng/publish__Verb__1
written_rep: publish
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 出版
sense_list:
(transitive) To issue (something, such as printed work) for distribution and/or sale. | (intransitive) To issue a medium (e.g. publication).


lexentry: eng/pudding__Noun__1
written_rep: pudding
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 布丁
sense_list:
Any of various dishes, sweet or savoury, prepared by boiling or steaming, or from batter. | A type of cake or dessert cooked usually by boiling or steaming. | A type of dessert that has a texture similar to custard or mousse but using some kind of starch as the thickening agent.


lexentry: eng/puff__Noun__1
written_rep: puff
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 呼吸
sense_list:
(countable) A sharp exhalation of a small amount of breath through the mouth. | (uncountable) The ability to breathe easily while exerting oneself.


lexentry: eng/pull__Verb__1
written_rep: pull
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 拉
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive) To apply a force to (an object) so that it comes toward the person or thing applying the force.


lexentry: eng/pull_in__Verb__1
written_rep: pull in
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 引
sense_list:
(literally, transitive) To pull something, so that it comes inside. | (idiomatic, transitive) To arrest someone; to take someone to a police station because they may have done something.


lexentry: eng/pull_off__Verb__1
written_rep: pull off
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 出
sense_list:
(transitive) To remove by pulling. | (transitive, idiomatic) To achieve, accomplish, succeed at (something difficult).


lexentry: eng/pull_out__Verb__1
written_rep: pull out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 撤回
sense_list:
(also, figurative, intransitive) To withdraw; especially of military forces; to retreat. | (literally, intransitive) To use coitus interruptus as a method of birth control.


lexentry: eng/pull_over__Verb__1
written_rep: pull over
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 停住
sense_list:
(transitive) To command or force someone to drive their vehicle to the side of the road or curb and come to a stop.


lexentry: eng/pulley__Noun__1
written_rep: pulley
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 滑車
sense_list:
(engineering, countable) One of the simple machines; a sheave, a wheel with a grooved rim, in which a pulled rope or chain lifts an object (more useful when two or more pulleys are used together, as in a block and tackle arrangement, such that a small force moving through a greater distance can exert a larger force through a smaller distance).


lexentry: eng/pullover__Noun__1
written_rep: pullover
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 毛衣
sense_list:
A sweater that must be put on by pulling it over the head; a sweater without buttons or a zipper in front.


lexentry: eng/pulmonary_tuberculosis__Noun__1
written_rep: pulmonary tuberculosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 结核
sense_list:
(pathology) The most common form of active tuberculosis (TB) infecting the lungs, generally caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


lexentry: eng/pulse__Noun__1
written_rep: pulse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 脈搏
sense_list:
A normally regular beat felt when arteries near the skin (for example, at the neck or wrist) are depressed, caused by the heart pumping blood through them.


lexentry: eng/pumice__Noun__1
written_rep: pumice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 浮岩
sense_list:
A light, porous type of pyroclastic igneous rock, formed during explosive volcanic eruptions when liquid lava is ejected into water or air as a froth containing masses of gas bubbles, which are frozen into the rock as the lava solidifies.


lexentry: eng/pumpkin__Noun__1
written_rep: pumpkin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 南瓜
sense_list:
The round yellow or orange fruit of this plant. | (uncountable) The typical color of the ripe fruit of the pumpkin plant.


lexentry: eng/punch_line__Noun__1
written_rep: punch line
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 倒台
sense_list:
The final part of a joke; the word, sentence, or exchange of sentences that is intended to be funny and provokes laughter from the listeners.


lexentry: eng/puncheon__Noun__1
written_rep: puncheon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 槓桿
sense_list:
A walkway or short, low footbridge over wet ground constructed with such timbers, made by laying one or more planks or dressed timbers over sills set directly on the ground; also called duck boards, bog boards, or bog bridge.


lexentry: eng/punctuation_mark__Noun__1
written_rep: punctuation mark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 标点符号
sense_list:
Any of various symbols used in writing and printing to indicate pauses, divisions, etc. and to aid the reader in understanding what is written.


lexentry: eng/pungent__Adjective__1
written_rep: pungent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 銳利
sense_list:
Having a strong taste that stings the tongue; said especially of hot (spicy) food, which has a strong and sharp or bitter taste. | (botany) Having a sharp and stiff point.


lexentry: eng/punish__Verb__1
written_rep: punish
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 懲罰
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause (a child, student, or someone else being looked after, or a suspect or criminal) to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action, typically by an authority or a person in authority (for example: a parent, teacher, or police officer).


lexentry: eng/punishment__Noun__1
written_rep: punishment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 惩罚
sense_list:
The act (action) or process of punishing, imposing and/or applying a sanction, typically by an authority or a person in authority (for example: a parent or teacher), especially when disappointed or dissatisfied with the behavior or actions of a child, student, or someone else being looked after. | A penalty to punish wrongdoing, especially for crime. | A suffering by pain or loss imposed as retribution. | (figuratively) Any harsh treatment or experience; rough handling.


lexentry: eng/punk__Noun__1
written_rep: punk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 龐克文化
sense_list:
The larger nonconformist social movement associated with punk rock and its fans. | A member of the punk social movement; usually anarchist and socially non-conformist although potentially either left-wing or right-wing.


lexentry: eng/pupil__Noun__2
written_rep: pupil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 瞳孔 | 瞳
sense_list:
(anatomy) The hole in the middle of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to be focused on the retina.


lexentry: eng/puppet__Noun__1
written_rep: puppet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 娃娃
sense_list:
Any small model of a person or animal able to be moved by strings or rods, or in the form of a glove.


lexentry: eng/purchase__Noun__1
written_rep: purchase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 买
sense_list:
The acquisition of title to, or property in, anything for a price; buying for money or its equivalent.


lexentry: eng/purchase__Verb__1
written_rep: purchase
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 买
sense_list:
To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; to raise or move by mechanical means.


lexentry: eng/purchasing_power_parity__Noun__1
written_rep: purchasing power parity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 购买力平价
sense_list:
(economics) A theory of long-term equilibrium exchange rates based on relative price levels of two countries.


lexentry: eng/pure__Adjective__1
written_rep: pure
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 純潔
sense_list:
Free of flaws or imperfections; unsullied. | Free of foreign material or pollutants. | Free of immoral behavior or qualities; clean.


lexentry: eng/purge__Verb__1
written_rep: purge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 使洁净
sense_list:
(transitive) To clean thoroughly; to rid of impurities; to cleanse. | (transitive) To free from sin, guilt, or burden. | (transitive, intransitive, medicine) To evacuate (the bowels or the stomach); to defecate or vomit. | (transitive, law) To clear of a charge, suspicion, or imputation.


lexentry: eng/purple__Adjective__1
written_rep: purple
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 紫色
sense_list:
Of a purple hue. | (US politics) Not predominantly red or blue, but having a mixture of Democrat and Republican support. | (in Netherlands and Belgium) Mixed between social democrats and liberals. | Imperial; regal. | Blood-red; bloody. | (of language) Extravagantly ornate, like purple prose. | (motor racing, of a sector, lap, etc.) Completed in the fastest time so far in a given session.


lexentry: eng/purpure__Noun__1
written_rep: purpure
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 紫红色
sense_list:
(tincture) A purple colour on a coat of arms, represented in engraving by diagonal parallel lines 45 degrees clockwise.


lexentry: eng/purr__Verb__1
written_rep: purr
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 打鼾
sense_list:
(intransitive, of a cat) To make a vibrating sound in its throat when contented or in certain other conditions.


lexentry: eng/pursue__Verb__1
written_rep: pursue
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 追求
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To follow urgently, originally with intent to capture or harm; to chase. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/pus__Noun__1
written_rep: pus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 脓
sense_list:
(medicine, pathology) A whitish-yellow or yellow substance composed primarily of dead white blood cells and dead pyogenic bacteria, normally found in regions of bacterial infection.


lexentry: eng/push-up__Noun__1
written_rep: push-up
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 伏地挺身
sense_list:
An exercise done to improve upper body strength, performed by resting on one's toes and hands and pushing one's weight off the floor.


lexentry: eng/push__Verb__1
written_rep: push
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 推
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive) To apply a force to (an object) such that it moves away from the person or thing applying the force.


lexentry: eng/pushover__Noun__1
written_rep: pushover
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 尢
sense_list:
Someone who is easy to push around and to take advantage of; someone who lets themselves be picked on or bullied without defending or standing up for themselves.


lexentry: eng/pussy__Noun__1
written_rep: pussy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 屄
sense_list:
(vulgar, colloquial) The female genitalia; the vulva or vagina. [from 17th c.] | (vulgar, slang, uncountable) Sexual intercourse with a woman; usually in the phrase get some pussy. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/pussywhipped__Adjective__1
written_rep: pussywhipped
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 老婆当家的
sense_list:
(slang, vulgar, of a man) Submissive to or dominated by one's wife or other female partner, frequently with the connotation that this submissive behavior is for the prospect of sex.


lexentry: eng/put_aside__Verb__1
written_rep: put aside
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 放下
sense_list:
(transitive) To save or keep (something) to be used at a later time. | (transitive) To ignore or intentionally disregard (something), temporarily or permanently, so that more important things can occupy one's attention.


lexentry: eng/put_on__Verb__1
written_rep: put on
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 放
sense_list:
(transitive) To don (clothing, equipment, or the like). | (ditransitive) To assign or apply (something) to a target. | (obsolete, intransitive) To hurry up; to move swiftly forward.


lexentry: eng/put_one's_cards_on_the_table__Verb__1
written_rep: put one's cards on the table
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 摊牌
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To reveal one's true intentions, beliefs, feelings, or other previously concealed facts about one's situation; to speak frankly.


lexentry: eng/put_out__Verb__1
written_rep: put out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 交给
sense_list:
To cause someone to be out of sorts; to annoy, impose, inconvenience, or disturb. | (intransitive) To go out, to head out, especially (sailing) to set sail. | (intransitive, originally, _, US, _, slang) To consent to having sex.


lexentry: eng/putrefaction__Noun__1
written_rep: putrefaction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 腐朽
sense_list:
The act of causing to rot; the anaerobic splitting of proteins by bacteria and fungi with the formation of malodorous, incompletely oxidized products.


lexentry: eng/pygmy__Noun__1
written_rep: pygmy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 俾格米
sense_list:
(often, _, capitalized) A member of one of various Ancient Equatorial African tribal peoples, notable for their very short stature.


lexentry: eng/pyramid__Noun__1
written_rep: pyramid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 金字塔 | 棱锥
sense_list:
An ancient massive construction with a square or rectangular base and four triangular sides meeting in an apex, such as those built as tombs in Egypt or as bases for temples in Mesoamerica. | (geometry) A solid with triangular lateral faces and a polygonal (often square or rectangular) base.


lexentry: eng/pyrite__Noun__1
written_rep: pyrite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 黄铁矿
sense_list:
(mineral) The common mineral iron disulfide (FeS2), of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system.


lexentry: eng/pyroclastic_flow__Noun__1
written_rep: pyroclastic flow
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 火山碎屑流
sense_list:
(physics, uncountable, uncommon) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see pyroclastic,‎ flow: flow (uncountable) of pyroclastic particles.


lexentry: eng/pyromania__Noun__1
written_rep: pyromania
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 放火狂
sense_list:
(psychology) A compulsive disorder characterized by obsession with fire or uncontrollable urges to start fires.


lexentry: eng/pyroxene__Noun__1
written_rep: pyroxene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 辉石
sense_list:
(mineral) Any of a group of crystalline minerals containing silicates of iron, magnesium and calcium.


lexentry: eng/pyx__Noun__1
written_rep: pyx
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 听
sense_list:
(Roman Catholicism, also, figurative) A small, usually round container used to hold the host, especially when bringing communion to the sick or others unable to attend Mass.


lexentry: eng/qigong__Noun__1
written_rep: qigong
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 气功
sense_list:
(fitness, alternative medicine) A Chinese system of breathing control, physical exercise and meditation. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/qilin__Noun__1
written_rep: qilin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 麒麟
sense_list:
A mythical Chinese hooved chimerical creature, said to appear in conjunction with the arrival of a sage.


lexentry: eng/quad_bike__Noun__1
written_rep: quad bike
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 全地形車
sense_list:
A small off-road four-wheeled powered vehicle, especially of a design derived from a motorcycle, usually used for recreation or farm work.


lexentry: eng/quadriceps_femoris__Noun__1
written_rep: quadriceps femoris
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 四頭肌
sense_list:
(anatomy) A group of four thigh muscles, including the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis muscles.


lexentry: eng/quadrille__Noun__1
written_rep: quadrille
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 伙
sense_list:
(dance) A dance originating in the mid-1700s with four couples forming a square, rather much like the modern square dance.


lexentry: eng/quadrillion__Numeral__1
written_rep: quadrillion
part_of_speech: numeral
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 一千万亿
sense_list:
(US, modern British and Australian, short scale) A thousand trillion (logic: 1,000 × 1,0004): 1 followed by fifteen zeros, 1015.


lexentry: eng/quaff__Verb__1
written_rep: quaff
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 喝
sense_list:
To drink or imbibe with vigour or relish; to drink copiously; to swallow in large draughts. [from mid-16th c.]


lexentry: eng/quail__Noun__1
written_rep: quail
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 鹌鹑 | 鵪鶉
sense_list:
Any of various small game birds of the genera Coturnix, Anurophasis or Perdicula in the Old World family Phasianidae or of the New World family Odontophoridae.


lexentry: eng/qualification__Noun__1
written_rep: qualification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 資格
sense_list:
An ability or attribute that aids someone's chances of qualifying for something; specifically, completed professional training. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/quandary__Noun__1
written_rep: quandary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 优柔寡断
sense_list:
A state of not knowing what to decide; a state of difficulty or perplexity; a state of uncertainty, hesitation or puzzlement.


lexentry: eng/quantifier__Noun__1
written_rep: quantifier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 量化
sense_list:
(grammar) A word, such as all or many, that expresses the quantity of a related noun. | (logic) An operator, such as the universal quantifier (written as ∀) or the existential quantifier (∃), used in predicate calculus to indicate the degree that predicate is true for a specified set.


lexentry: eng/quantity__Noun__1
written_rep: quantity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 数量
sense_list:
A fundamental, generic term used when referring to the measurement (count, amount) of a scalar, vector, number of items or to some other way of denominating the value of a collection or group of items.


lexentry: eng/quantum__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 量子
sense_list:
(physics) The smallest possible, and therefore indivisible, unit of a given quantity or quantifiable phenomenon. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/quantum_chromodynamics__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum chromodynamics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 量子色动力学
sense_list:
(quantum mechanics) A quantum field theory in particle physics which describes the strong interaction of quarks and gluons employing the concept of color charge.


lexentry: eng/quantum_electrodynamics__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum electrodynamics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 量子电动力学
sense_list:
(physics) The study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with electrically charged matter within the framework of relativity and quantum mechanics.


lexentry: eng/quantum_entanglement__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum entanglement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 量子纏結
sense_list:
(quantum mechanics) A quantum mechanical phenomenon in which the quantum states of two or more objects have to be described with reference to each other, even though the individual objects are spatially separated.


lexentry: eng/quantum_field_theory__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum field theory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 量子场论
sense_list:
(quantum mechanics) A theory of quantum fields; the result of applying second quantization to Classical Relativistic Field Theory.


lexentry: eng/quantum_gravity__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum gravity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 量子引力
sense_list:
(quantum physics) A branch of theoretical physics aiming to unite quantum mechanics with general relativity.


lexentry: eng/quantum_mechanics__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum mechanics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 量子力学
sense_list:
(physics) The branch of physics which studies matter and energy at the level of atoms and other elementary particles, and substitutes probabilistic mechanisms in place of classical Newtonian ones.


lexentry: eng/quantum_number__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum number
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 量子数
sense_list:
(quantum mechanics) One of certain integers or half-integers that specify the state of a quantum mechanical system (such as an electron in an atom).


lexentry: eng/quantum_theory__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum theory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 量子理论
sense_list:
(physics) A theory developed in the early 20th century, according to which nuclear and radiation phenomena can be explained by assuming that energy only occurs in discrete amounts called quanta.


lexentry: eng/quarantine__Noun__1
written_rep: quarantine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 检疫
sense_list:
(historical) The 40-day period of isolation required after 1448 at Venice's lazaret to avoid renewed outbreaks of the bubonic plague and identical policies in other locations. | A period, instance, or state of isolation from the general public or from native livestock and flora enacted to prevent the spread of any contagious disease. | (figurative) A similar period, instance, or state of rigidly enforced or self-enforced detention or isolation. | (politics, figurative) A blockade of trade, suspension of diplomatic relations, or other action whereby one country seeks to isolate another.


lexentry: eng/quark__Noun__1
written_rep: quark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 夸克
sense_list:
(particle) In the Standard Model, one of a number of elementary subatomic particles having fractional electric charge that forms matter. They are theorized not to exist in isolation, but only in combinations in hadrons such as neutrons and protons or in quark–gluon plasmas.


lexentry: eng/quark__Noun__2
written_rep: quark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 夸克
sense_list:
A soft, creamy, unripened cheese made from cow's milk, originating from and eaten throughout central, northern, eastern, and southeastern Europe, as well as the Low Countries.


lexentry: eng/quarrel__Noun__2
written_rep: quarrel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 弩箭
sense_list:
(countable, archery, historical) An arrow or bolt for a crossbow or an arbalest, traditionally with the head square in its cross section.


lexentry: eng/quarrel__Verb__1
written_rep: quarrel
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 吵架
sense_list:
(intransitive, also, figuratively) To argue fiercely; to contend; to squabble; to cease to be on friendly terms, to fall out.


lexentry: eng/quarter__Noun__1
written_rep: quarter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 分之
sense_list:
(historical) A measure of length; originally a fourth part of an ell, now chiefly a fourth part of a yard. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/quarter__Noun__1
written_rep: quarter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 区
sense_list:
A division or section of a town or city, especially having a particular character of its own, or associated with a particular group etc. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/quartz__Noun__1
written_rep: quartz
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 石英
sense_list:
(mineral) The most abundant mineral on the earth's surface, of chemical composition silicon dioxide, SiO2. It occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous. Found in every environment.


lexentry: eng/quasar__Noun__1
written_rep: quasar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 类星体
sense_list:
(galaxy) An extragalactic object, starlike in appearance, that is among the most luminous and (putatively) the most distant objects in the universe.


lexentry: eng/quaternion__Noun__1
written_rep: quaternion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 四元数
sense_list:
(mathematics) A type of four-dimensional hypercomplex number consisting of a real part and three imaginary parts (real multiples of distinct, independent square roots of −1 denoted by i, j and k); commonly used in vector mathematics and as an alternative to matrix algebra in calculating the rotation of three-dimensional objects.


lexentry: eng/quay__Noun__1
written_rep: quay
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 月台
sense_list:
(nautical) A stone or concrete structure on navigable water used for loading and unloading vessels; a wharf.


lexentry: eng/queen__Noun__1
written_rep: queen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 女王
sense_list:
A female monarch. | A woman whose pre-eminence, power, or forcefulness is comparable to that of a queen. | (cards) A playing card with a depiction of a queen on it, generally ranking next below the king and above the jack in a given suit. | (chess) A chess piece that, under contemporary rules, is the most powerful, able to move any number of spaces horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. | A reproductive female insect in a hive, such as an ant, bee, termite or wasp.


lexentry: eng/queer__Adjective__1
written_rep: queer
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 娘娘腔
sense_list:
(colloquial, sometimes, pejorative) Non-heterosexual or non-cisgender: homosexual, bisexual, asexual, transgender, etc.


lexentry: eng/quench__Verb__1
written_rep: quench
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 回火
sense_list:
(transitive, metallurgy) To cool rapidly by direct contact with liquid coolant, as a blacksmith quenching hot iron.


lexentry: eng/quenching__Noun__1
written_rep: quenching
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 淬火
sense_list:
(metallurgy) The rapid cooling of a hot metal object, by placing it in a liquid, in order to harden it.


lexentry: eng/quest__Noun__1
written_rep: quest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 寻找
sense_list:
A journey or effort in pursuit of a goal (often lengthy, ambitious, or fervent); a mission. | (obsolete) A group of people conducting a search or inquiry.


lexentry: eng/question__Noun__1
written_rep: question
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 问题 | 問題
sense_list:
A worded or expressed sentence, phrase, or only a word on its own, which asks for information, a reply, or a response; an interrogative.


lexentry: eng/question_mark__Noun__1
written_rep: question mark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 问号
sense_list:
(typography) The punctuation mark "?", used at the end of a sentence to indicate a question. | Polygonia interrogationis, a North American nymphalid butterfly with a silver mark on the underside of its hindwing resembling a question mark (sense 1).


lexentry: eng/queue__Noun__1
written_rep: queue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 排队
sense_list:
A waiting list or other means of organizing people or objects into a first-come-first-served order. | (computing) A data structure in which objects are added to one end, called the tail, and removed from the other, called the head (in the case of a FIFO queue). The term can also refer to a LIFO queue or stack where these ends coincide. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/queue__Noun__1
written_rep: queue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 辫子
sense_list:
(now, _, historical) A men's hairstyle with a braid or ponytail at the back of the head, such as that worn by men in Imperial China. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/queue__Verb__1
written_rep: queue
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 排队
sense_list:
(intransitive) To put oneself or itself at the end of a waiting line. | (intransitive) To arrange themselves into a physical waiting queue.


lexentry: eng/quiche__Noun__1
written_rep: quiche
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 乳蛋饼
sense_list:
A pie made primarily of egg and cream, perhaps mixed with chopped meat or vegetables, in a pastry crust.


lexentry: eng/quicklime__Noun__1
written_rep: quicklime
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 石灰
sense_list:
Calcium oxide, which is produced by heating (calcining) limestone and gives slaked lime on treatment with water.


lexentry: eng/quiet__Verb__1
written_rep: quiet
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 和缓
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause (someone or something) to become quiet. | (intransitive) To become quiet or calm.


lexentry: eng/quill__Noun__1
written_rep: quill
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 羽毛
sense_list:
A pen made from a feather. | Something having the form of a quill, such as the fold or plain of a ruff, or (weaving) a spindle, or spool, upon which the thread for the woof is wound in a shuttle.


lexentry: eng/quillback__Noun__1
written_rep: quillback
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 双马尾
sense_list:
Carpiodes cyprinus, a freshwater fish of the sucker family with a long filament that extends back from the dorsal fin, native to the eastern and central United States.


lexentry: eng/quilt__Noun__1
written_rep: quilt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 双马尾
sense_list:
A bed covering consisting of two layers of fabric stitched together, with insulation between, often having a decorative design.


lexentry: eng/quinine__Noun__1
written_rep: quinine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 奎宁
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) An alkaloid with the chemical formula C20H24N2O2, originally derived from cinchona bark (from plants of the genus Cinchona), used to treat malaria and as an ingredient of tonic water, which presents as a bitter colourless powder; also, a drug containing quinine or a chemical compound derived from it. [from early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/quintillion__Numeral__1
written_rep: quintillion
part_of_speech: numeral
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 一百亿亿
sense_list:
(US, modern British and Australian, short scale) A billion billion: 1 followed by eighteen zeros, 1018.


lexentry: eng/quire__Noun__1
written_rep: quire
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 册子
sense_list:
One-twentieth of a ream of paper; a collection of twenty-four or twenty-five sheets of paper of the same size and quality, unfolded or having a single fold. | (bookbinding) A set of leaves which are stitched together, originally a set of four pieces of paper (eight leaves, sixteen pages). This is most often a single signature (i.e. group of four), but may be several nested signatures.


lexentry: eng/quirk__Noun__1
written_rep: quirk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 特征 [tèzhēng]
sense_list:
An idiosyncrasy; a slight glitch, a mannerism; something unusual about the manner or style of something or someone.


lexentry: eng/quit__Verb__1
written_rep: quit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 辞职
sense_list:
(transitive) To set at rest; to free, as from anything harmful or oppressive; to relieve; to clear; to liberate.


lexentry: eng/quiver__Noun__1
written_rep: quiver
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 箙 | 箭袋
sense_list:
(weaponry) A container for arrows, crossbow bolts or darts, such as those fired from a bow, crossbow or blowgun.


lexentry: eng/quorum__Noun__1
written_rep: quorum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 法定人数
sense_list:
The minimum number of members required for a group to officially conduct business and to cast votes, often but not necessarily a majority or supermajority.


lexentry: eng/quotation_marks__Noun__1
written_rep: quotation marks
part_of_speech: noun
trans_list: 引号
sense_list:
Note: These languages use “◌”-style marks or other styles as indicated. Some are singular and some plural.


lexentry: eng/quotidian__Adjective__1
written_rep: quotidian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 一般
sense_list:
Having the characteristics of something which can be seen, experienced, etc, every day or very commonly. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/quotidian__Noun__1
written_rep: quotidian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 日常
sense_list:
(medicine, now, _, rare, historical) A fever which recurs every day; quotidian malaria. [from 14th c.] | (Anglicanism, historical) A daily allowance formerly paid to certain members of the clergy. [from 16th c.] | (usually with definite article) Commonplace or mundane things regarded as a class. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/rabbit__Noun__1
written_rep: rabbit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 兔 | 兔子
sense_list:
A mammal of most genera of the family Leporidae, with long ears, long hind legs and a short, fluffy tail.


lexentry: eng/rabbit_hole__Noun__1
written_rep: rabbit hole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 蜿蜒曲折
sense_list:
(by extension) A time-consuming tangent or detour, often one from which it is difficult to extricate oneself.


lexentry: eng/rabbit_hole__Noun__1
written_rep: rabbit hole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 兔
sense_list:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see rabbit,‎ hole. The entrance to a rabbit warren or burrow; the whole warren or burrow.


lexentry: eng/rabies__Noun__1
written_rep: rabies
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 狂犬病
sense_list:
(disease) An infectious disease caused by species of Lyssavirus that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals and people, characterised by abnormal behaviour such as biting, excitement, aggressiveness, and dementia, followed by paralysis and death.


lexentry: eng/raccoon__Noun__1
written_rep: raccoon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 浣熊
sense_list:
An omnivorous, nocturnal mammal native to the Americas, of the genus Procyon, typically with a mixture of gray, brown, and black fur, a mask-like marking around the eyes and a striped tail.


lexentry: eng/raccoon_dog__Noun__1
written_rep: raccoon dog
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 貉子
sense_list:
A canid of the genus Nyctereutes, native to East Asia and widely introduced elsewhere in other cool parts of Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/race__Noun__1
written_rep: race
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 競賽
sense_list:
A contest between people, animals, vehicles, etc. where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective.


lexentry: eng/race__Noun__2
written_rep: race
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 种族
sense_list:
A group of sentient beings, particularly people, distinguished by common ancestry, heritage or characteristics (see Wikipedia's article on historical definitions of race): | A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage. | A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of common physical characteristics, such as skin color or hair type. | A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of shared characteristics or qualities, for example social qualities. | (animal husbandry) A breed or strain of domesticated animal.


lexentry: eng/race__Noun__2
written_rep: race
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 種族
sense_list:
(biology) A population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics; a mating group.


lexentry: eng/race__Verb__1
written_rep: race
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 奔
sense_list:
(intransitive) To take part in a race (in the sense of a contest). | (intransitive) To move or drive at high speed; to hurry or speed.


lexentry: eng/raceme__Noun__1
written_rep: raceme
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 一串
sense_list:
(botany) An indeterminate inflorescence in which the flowers are arranged along a single central axis.


lexentry: eng/racism__Noun__1
written_rep: racism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 种族主义 | 種族主義
sense_list:
Prejudice or discrimination based upon race or ethnicity; (countable) an action of such discrimination.


lexentry: eng/racist__Noun__1
written_rep: racist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 种族主义的
sense_list:
A person who believes in or supports racism; a person who believes that a particular race is superior to others, or who discriminates against other races.


lexentry: eng/rack__Noun__1
written_rep: rack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 三角架
sense_list:
(historical) A device, incorporating a ratchet, used to torture victims by stretching them beyond their natural limits.


lexentry: eng/racket__Noun__1
written_rep: racket
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 球拍
sense_list:
(countable, sports) An implement with a handle connected to a round frame strung with wire, sinew, or plastic cords, and used to hit a ball, such as in tennis or a shuttlecock in badminton.


lexentry: eng/radar__Noun__1
written_rep: radar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 雷达
sense_list:
(uncountable) A method of detecting distant objects and determining their position, velocity, or other characteristics by analysis of sent radio waves (usually microwaves) reflected from their surfaces.


lexentry: eng/radian__Noun__1
written_rep: radian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 弧度
sense_list:
(geometry) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of plane angle: the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc of its circumference equal in length to the radius of the circle.


lexentry: eng/radical__Noun__1
written_rep: radical
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 部首
sense_list:
(linguistics) In logographic writing systems such as the Chinese writing system, the portion of a character (if any) that provides an indication of its meaning, as opposed to phonetic. | (organic chemistry) A free radical.


lexentry: eng/radio__Noun__1
written_rep: radio
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 收音機
sense_list:
(uncountable) The technology that allows for the transmission of sound or other signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves. | (countable) A device that can capture (receive) the signal sent over radio waves and render the modulated signal as sound.


lexentry: eng/radio_telescope__Noun__1
written_rep: radio telescope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 射电望远镜
sense_list:
(astronomy) A device for observing astronomical sources of radio waves, normally having one or more large parabolic dishes.


lexentry: eng/radioactivity__Noun__1
written_rep: radioactivity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 放射性
sense_list:
Spontaneous emission of ionizing radiation as a consequence of a nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus.


lexentry: eng/radiology__Noun__1
written_rep: radiology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 影像诊断学
sense_list:
(medicine) The specialty of medical imaging and its interpretation, originally and especially radiography#Noun but now including all imaging modalities, including ones that use no radiation#Noun (such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging).


lexentry: eng/radish__Noun__1
written_rep: radish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 萝卜
sense_list:
A plant of the Brassicaceae family, Raphanus sativus or Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, having an edible root.


lexentry: eng/radium__Noun__1
written_rep: radium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 鐳 | 镭
sense_list:
The chemical element (symbol Ra) with an atomic number of 88. It is a soft, shiny and silvery radioactive alkaline earth metal.


lexentry: eng/radix__Noun__1
written_rep: radix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 本
sense_list:
(linguistics) A primitive word, from which other words may be derived. | (mathematics) The number of distinct symbols used to represent numbers in a particular base, as ten for decimal.


lexentry: eng/radon__Noun__1
written_rep: radon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 氡
sense_list:
The chemical element (symbol Rn, formerly Ro) with atomic number 86. It is an odorless, colorless, chemically inert but radioactive noble gas.


lexentry: eng/rafflesia__Noun__1
written_rep: rafflesia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 大花草
sense_list:
(botany) Any of several large parasitic plants, of the genus Rafflesia, from South East Asia, that have no roots, stems or leaves; Rafflesia arnoldii has the largest known flower with a diameter of over a yard.


lexentry: eng/raft__Noun__1
written_rep: raft
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 槎
sense_list:
A flat-bottomed craft able to float and drift on water, used for transport or as a waterborne platform.


lexentry: eng/rafter__Noun__1
written_rep: rafter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 椽
sense_list:
(architecture) One of a series of sloped beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the downslope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads.


lexentry: eng/rag__Noun__1
written_rep: rag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 碎布
sense_list:
A piece of old cloth, especially one used for cleaning, patching, etc.; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred or tatter.


lexentry: eng/rag__Noun__1
written_rep: rag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: 日报
sense_list:
(slang, pejorative) A newspaper or magazine, especially one whose journalism is considered to be of poor quality.


lexentry: eng/ragdoll__Noun__1
written_rep: ragdoll
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 布娃娃系统
sense_list:
A modern American breed of domestic cat with a longhair colourpoint coat that relaxes completely when picked up.


lexentry: eng/raid__Noun__1
written_rep: raid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 偷袭
sense_list:
(law enforcement) An attack or invasion for the purpose of making arrests, seizing property, or plundering.


lexentry: eng/rail_transport__Noun__1
written_rep: rail transport
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 铁路
sense_list:
The transport of passengers and goods by means of wheeled vehicles that are specially designed to run on railways or railroads.


lexentry: eng/railroad_tie__Noun__1
written_rep: railroad tie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 枕木
sense_list:
(rail transport, US) A heavy, preserved piece of hewn timber laid crossways to and supporting the rails of a railroad or a member of similar shape and function of another material such as concrete.


lexentry: eng/railroad_track__Noun__1
written_rep: railroad track
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 铁路
sense_list:
(US, rail) A pair of formed steel rails, separated and supported usually on wooden or concrete ties or sleepers, forming a track along which flange-wheeled railroad vehicles may travel.


lexentry: eng/railway__Noun__1
written_rep: railway
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 铁路
sense_list:
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, and, Commonwealth) A transport system using rails used to move passengers or goods.


lexentry: eng/rain__Noun__1
written_rep: rain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 雨
sense_list:
(meteorology) Condensed water falling from a cloud. | (figuratively) Any matter moving or falling, usually through air, and especially if liquid or otherwise figuratively identifiable with raindrops. | (figuratively) An instance of particles or larger pieces of matter moving or falling through air.


lexentry: eng/rain__Verb__1
written_rep: rain
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 下雨
sense_list:
(impersonal, meteorology) To have rain fall from the sky. | (transitive, figuratively) To issue (something) in large quantities.


lexentry: eng/rainbow__Noun__1
written_rep: rainbow
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 彩虹 | 隮
sense_list:
A multicoloured arch in the sky, produced by prismatic refraction of light within droplets of rain in the air.


lexentry: eng/rainwater__Noun__1
written_rep: rainwater
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 雨水
sense_list:
Water (for a house, etc.) sourced from rain which has not joined a spring, stream or river, pond, lake or sea.


lexentry: eng/raising__Noun__1
written_rep: raising
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 彙
sense_list:
Collection or gathering, especially of money. | The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of forming it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning.


lexentry: eng/rake__Noun__1
written_rep: rake
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 耙
sense_list:
(agriculture, horticulture) A garden tool with a row of pointed teeth fixed to a long handle, used for collecting debris, grass, etc., for flattening the ground, or for loosening soil; also, a similar wheel-mounted tool drawn by a horse or a tractor.


lexentry: eng/rake__Verb__1
written_rep: rake
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 喷
sense_list:
(ambitransitive, also, figurative) To move (a beam of light, a glance with the eyes, etc.) across (something) with a long side-to-side motion; specifically (often, military) to use a weapon to fire at (something) with a side-to-side motion; to spray with gunfire.


lexentry: eng/rally__Noun__1
written_rep: rally
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 示威
sense_list:
A public gathering or mass meeting that is not mainly a protest and is organized to inspire enthusiasm for a cause.


lexentry: eng/rally__Noun__1
written_rep: rally
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 拉力赛
sense_list:
(motor racing) An event in which competitors drive through a series of timed special stages at intervals. The winner is the driver who completes all stages with the shortest cumulative time.


lexentry: eng/ramble__Verb__1
written_rep: ramble
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 聊天
sense_list:
(often with on, about, or both) To talk or write incessantly, unclearly, or incoherently, with many digressions.


lexentry: eng/rancor__Noun__1
written_rep: rancor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 恶意
sense_list:
(American spelling) A feeling of long-lasting ire for another, sometimes to the point of hatred, over a perceived wrongdoing; bitterness.


lexentry: eng/random__Adjective__1
written_rep: random
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 偶然
sense_list:
(statistics) Involving an outcome which is impossible to predict, but which may be represented by a probability distribution; in the ideal case, involving outcomes which are equally likely. | (computing) Pseudorandom; mimicking the result of random selection.


lexentry: eng/random__Adjective__1
written_rep: random
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 普通
sense_list:
(informal) Being (part of) a varied, unrelated, and apparently arbitrary collection of things; diverse, heterogeneous. | (informal) Of a person: characterized by or often saying random things; habitually using non sequiturs.


lexentry: eng/random__Adjective__1
written_rep: random
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 随机
sense_list:
(informal) Apropos of nothing; lacking context, relevance, or any connection to the previous situation; unexpected.


lexentry: eng/random__Noun__1
written_rep: random
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 沒有人
sense_list:
(figuratively, colloquial) An undefined, unknown or unimportant person; a person of no consequence. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/random_access_memory__Noun__1
written_rep: random access memory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 随机存储器
sense_list:
(computing, electronics) Computer memory, usually volatile, that stores program and data values during operation and in which each word of memory may be directly (randomly) accessed.


lexentry: eng/randomness__Noun__1
written_rep: randomness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 机会
sense_list:
The property of all possible outcomes being equally likely. | (mathematics) A type of circumstance or event that is described by a probability distribution.


lexentry: eng/range__Noun__1
written_rep: range
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 12
trans_list: 光线
sense_list:
(statistics) The length of the smallest interval which contains all the data in a sample; the difference between the largest and smallest observations in the sample.


lexentry: eng/rank__Noun__1
written_rep: rank
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 排
sense_list:
(chess) One of the eight horizontal lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a number). | (linear algebra) The maximal number of linearly independent columns (or rows) of a matrix.


lexentry: eng/rank__Noun__1
written_rep: rank
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 套准
sense_list:
(music) In a pipe organ, a set of pipes of a certain quality for which each pipe corresponds to one key or pedal.


lexentry: eng/rank__Noun__1
written_rep: rank
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 行列
sense_list:
One's position in a list sorted by a shared property such as physical location, population, popularity, or quality. | The level of one's position in a class-based society.


lexentry: eng/rank_and_file__Noun__1
written_rep: rank and file
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 兵
sense_list:
Enlisted soldiers in a military organization, as would be arrayed in a grid pattern with ranks and files.


lexentry: eng/rape__Noun__1
written_rep: rape
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 強姦
sense_list:
The act of forcing sex upon another person without their consent or against their will; originally coitus forced by a man on a woman, but now generally any sex act forced by any person upon another person; by extension, any non-consensual sex act forced on or perpetrated by any being. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/rape__Verb__1
written_rep: rape
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 強奸
sense_list:
(chiefly, transitive) To force sexual intercourse or other sexual activity upon (someone) without their consent. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/rapid_transit__Noun__1
written_rep: rapid transit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 地铁
sense_list:
A commuter rail system that combines aspects of an interurban railway with those of a subway, using a menagerie of pathways such as viaduct, tunnel, beam, cut and cover, trench, at grade, and others.


lexentry: eng/rapier__Noun__1
written_rep: rapier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 花剑
sense_list:
A slender, straight, sharply pointed sword (double-edged, single-edged or edgeless), designed predominantly for thrusting; used during the Renaissance period of Europe for civilian duelling


lexentry: eng/rare__Adjective__2
written_rep: rare
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 红
sense_list:
(cooking) Particularly of meat, especially beefsteak: cooked very lightly, so the meat is still red.


lexentry: eng/rare_earth__Noun__1
written_rep: rare earth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 稀土
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any of the naturally occurring oxides of the lanthanide metals; they are widely distributed in relatively small concentrations and are used in glassmaking, ceramic glazes etc.


lexentry: eng/rare_earth_element__Noun__1
written_rep: rare earth element
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 稀土元素
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any of a group of seventeen soft, lustrous, sometimes magnetic metals that form trivalent salts, which includes the lanthanides plus yttrium, scandium.


lexentry: eng/rarefy__Verb__1
written_rep: rarefy
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 精炼
sense_list:
(transitive) To make rare, thin, porous, or less dense. | (intransitive) To become rare, thin or less dense.


lexentry: eng/rasp__Noun__1
written_rep: rasp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 擦子
sense_list:
A coarse file or filelike tool, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true file.


lexentry: eng/rate__Noun__1
written_rep: rate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 利息率
sense_list:
A set price or charge for all examples of a given case, commodity, service etc. [from 16th c.] | A wage calculated in relation to a unit of time.


lexentry: eng/rather__Adverb__1
written_rep: rather
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 之前
sense_list:
Used to specify a choice or preference; preferably, in preference to. (Now usually followed by than) [from 9th c.]


lexentry: eng/rating__Noun__1
written_rep: rating
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 专利
sense_list:
An evaluation of status, especially of financial status. | A quantitative measure of the audience of a television program.


lexentry: eng/ratio__Noun__1
written_rep: ratio
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 所为
sense_list:
(Internet) The number of comments to a post or other expression on social media relative to the number of likes; a high ratio suggests disagreement with the contents of the original post.


lexentry: eng/rationalism__Noun__1
written_rep: rationalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 理性主义
sense_list:
(philosophy) The theory that the reason is a source of knowledge independent of and superior to sense perception.


lexentry: eng/rattle__Noun__1
written_rep: rattle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 拔浪鼓
sense_list:
(musical instruments) A musical instrument that makes a rattling sound. [from 17th c.] | A baby’s toy designed to make sound when shaken, usually containing loose grains or pellets in a hollow container. [from 16th c.] | A device which produces a loud rattling sound, especially one having a ratchet mechanism and spun round on a handle.


lexentry: eng/raven__Noun__1
written_rep: raven
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 乌鸦 | 烏鴉
sense_list:
(countable) Any of several, generally large and lustrous black species of birds in the genus Corvus, especially the common raven (Corvus corax).


lexentry: eng/raw__Adjective__1
written_rep: raw
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 未加工的
sense_list:
Not treated or processed; in a natural state, unrefined, unprocessed. [from 10th c.] (of materials, products, etc.) | (statistics, of data) Uncorrected, without analysis. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/raw_material__Noun__1
written_rep: raw material
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 原料
sense_list:
A material in its unprocessed, natural state considered usable for manufacture. | (figuratively) Any physical product serving as input to a factory or other installation which processes it.


lexentry: eng/ray__Noun__1
written_rep: ray
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 光线
sense_list:
(botany) A radiating part of a flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, such as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius.


lexentry: eng/ray__Noun__2
written_rep: ray
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 鱼
sense_list:
Any of the superorder Batoidea of marine fish with flat bodies, large wing-like fins, and whip-like tails.


lexentry: eng/razor__Noun__1
written_rep: razor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 剃刀
sense_list:
A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or other parts of the body.


lexentry: eng/razor_clam__Noun__1
written_rep: razor clam
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 刀
sense_list:
A clam of several species in superfamily Solenoidea, with long curved shells resembling straight razors.


lexentry: eng/reach__Noun__1
written_rep: reach
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 距离
sense_list:
The power of stretching out or extending action, influence, or the like; power of attainment or management; extent of force or capacity.


lexentry: eng/reach__Verb__1
written_rep: reach
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 到
sense_list:
(transitive) To give to someone by stretching out a limb, especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another person; to hand over. | (transitive, by extension) To extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut.


lexentry: eng/reach_out__Verb__1
written_rep: reach out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 叫
sense_list:
(intransitive, originally, business, followed by to) To attempt to initiate communication with someone; to contact; to raise awareness.


lexentry: eng/react__Verb__1
written_rep: react
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 反应
sense_list:
(chemistry, intransitive) To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition. | (chemistry, transitive) To cause chemical agents to react; to cause one chemical agent to react with another.


lexentry: eng/reactant__Noun__1
written_rep: reactant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 試劑
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any of the participants present at the start of a chemical reaction, specifically one that is consumed during the reaction.


lexentry: eng/reaction__Noun__1
written_rep: reaction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 反應
sense_list:
An action or statement in response to a stimulus or other event. | (chemistry) A transformation in which one or more substances is converted into another by combination or decomposition.


lexentry: eng/reactionary__Adjective__1
written_rep: reactionary
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 反动
sense_list:
(politics) Extremely conservative; opposing revolution (such as the French Revolution); favoring a return to a golden age of the past.


lexentry: eng/reactionary__Noun__1
written_rep: reactionary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 反动
sense_list:
(politics) One who opposes revolution, wanting to reverse it, favoring a return to a past golden age. Often used as a derogatory by revolutionaires.


lexentry: eng/reactor__Noun__1
written_rep: reactor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 反應堆
sense_list:
(chemistry, engineering) A structure used to contain chemical or other reactions. | (nuclear physics) A device which uses atomic energy to produce heat.


lexentry: eng/read-only_memory__Noun__1
written_rep: read-only memory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 唯读记忆体
sense_list:
(computing) A computer memory chip that stores values but does not allow updates, in which the values are nonvolatile in that they are retained even when the computer is unpowered.


lexentry: eng/read__Verb__1
written_rep: read
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 读 | 看
sense_list:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To look at and interpret letters or other information that is written. | (transitive, or, intransitive) To speak aloud words or other information that is written. (often construed with a to phrase or an indirect object) | (transitive) To interpret, or infer a meaning, significance, thought, intention, etc., from.


lexentry: eng/reagent__Noun__1
written_rep: reagent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 試劑
sense_list:
(chemistry) A compound or mixture of compounds used to treat or test materials, samples, other compounds or reactants in a laboratory or sometimes an industrial setting.


lexentry: eng/real__Adjective__1
written_rep: real
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 真的
sense_list:
True, genuine, not merely nominal or apparent. | Genuine, not artificial, counterfeit, or fake. | That has objective, physical existence. | Absolute, complete, utter.


lexentry: eng/real__Adjective__1
written_rep: real
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: 實數
sense_list:
(mathematics, of a number) Being either a rational number, or the limit of a convergent infinite sequence of rational numbers: being one of a set of numbers with a one-to-one correspondence to the points on a line.


lexentry: eng/real_axis__Noun__1
written_rep: real axis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 实轴
sense_list:
(mathematics) The horizontal line in the complex plane, every point on which corresponds to a real number


lexentry: eng/real_estate__Noun__1
written_rep: real estate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 不動產
sense_list:
(US, Canada, Australia) Property that cannot easily be moved, usually buildings and the ground on which they are built.


lexentry: eng/real_life__Noun__1
written_rep: real life
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 寿命
sense_list:
Life outside of a contrived or fantastical environment; often used in comparison to events depicted in drama.


lexentry: eng/real_number__Noun__1
written_rep: real number
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 实数
sense_list:
(mathematics) The limit of a convergent sequence of rational numbers, whether the limit is a rational number such as 2, -5, or 2/7 or whether the limit is an irrational number such as the square root of two or the circumference of the circle whose radius is one.


lexentry: eng/reality__Noun__1
written_rep: reality
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 現實
sense_list:
The state of being actual or real; realness. | A real entity, event, or other fact. | The entirety of all that is real. | An individual observer's own subjective perception of that which is real.


lexentry: eng/reality_television__Noun__1
written_rep: reality television
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 真人實境秀
sense_list:
(television) A genre of television programming portraying one or more people who are not professional actors and depicting their reactions to given stimuli or goals.


lexentry: eng/realize__Verb__1
written_rep: realize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 领会
sense_list:
(chiefly, passive voice, slightly, _, formal) To convert (something imaginary or planned, as a goal or idea) into reality; to bring into real existence, to make real. [from early 17th c.] | To convert (an asset or property, especially investments such as bonds, shares, etc.) into a more easily usable form such as money, especially by selling the asset or property.


lexentry: eng/really__Adverb__1
written_rep: really
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 真的
sense_list:
(modal) Actually; in fact; in reality. | (informal, as an intensifier) Very (modifying an adjective); very much (modifying a verb).


lexentry: eng/really__Interjection__1
written_rep: really
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 真的
sense_list:
(informal) Indicating surprise at, or requesting confirmation of, some new information; to express skepticism. | (informal, chiefly, US) Indicating affirmation, agreement.


lexentry: eng/realm__Noun__1
written_rep: realm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 王国
sense_list:
(archaic, or, legal, &, rhetoric) A territory or state, as ruled by an absolute authority, especially by a king; a kingdom. [from ca. 1300] | (also, figurative) A sphere of knowledge or of influence; a domain. [from after 1400]


lexentry: eng/realtor__Noun__1
written_rep: realtor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 房屋中介
sense_list:
(North America) A person or business that sells or leases out real estate, acting as an agent for the property owner.


lexentry: eng/rear__Noun__1
written_rep: rear
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 后卫
sense_list:
(military) Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which comes last, or is stationed behind the rest.


lexentry: eng/rear_admiral__Noun__1
written_rep: rear admiral
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 大校
sense_list:
(military, nautical) A naval officer below the rank of vice admiral, originally in charge of a fleet's rear formation.


lexentry: eng/rearguard__Noun__1
written_rep: rearguard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 后卫
sense_list:
(military) The rearmost part of a force, especially a detachment of troops that protect the rear of a retreating force.


lexentry: eng/reason__Noun__1
written_rep: reason
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 理由
sense_list:
An excuse: a thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation. | That which causes something: an efficient cause, a proximate cause.


lexentry: eng/reason__Noun__1
written_rep: reason
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 理致
sense_list:
(uncountable) Rational thinking (or the capacity for it); the cognitive faculties, collectively, of conception, judgment, deduction and intuition.


lexentry: eng/reasoning__Noun__1
written_rep: reasoning
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 推理
sense_list:
(uncountable) The deduction of inferences or interpretations from premises, abstract thought, ratiocination; (countable) any instance of this, especially as a process leading to an action, motive.


lexentry: eng/rebellion__Noun__1
written_rep: rebellion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 谋反
sense_list:
(uncountable) Armed resistance to an established government or ruler. | (countable) Defiance of authority or control; the act of rebelling.


lexentry: eng/recall__Verb__1
written_rep: recall
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 喚起
sense_list:
(transitive) To call back, bring back, or summon (someone) to a specific place, station, etc. [from 16th c.] | (transitive) To call back (a situation, event, etc.) to one's mind; to remember; to recollect. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/recant__Verb__1
written_rep: recant
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 撤回
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To withdraw or repudiate a statement or opinion formerly expressed, especially formally and publicly.


lexentry: eng/recapitulation__Noun__1
written_rep: recapitulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 再现
sense_list:
(music) The third major section of a musical movement written in sonata form, representing thematic material that originally appeared in the exposition section.


lexentry: eng/receipt__Noun__1
written_rep: receipt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: 烹飪法
sense_list:
(obsolete) A receptacle. | (obsolete) Capability of receiving; capacity. | (obsolete) A recess; a retired place.


lexentry: eng/receive__Verb__1
written_rep: receive
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 收到
sense_list:
(transitive, dated) To take, as something that is offered; to accept. | (telecommunications) To detect a signal from a transmitter. | (sports) To be in a position to take possession, or hit back the ball.


lexentry: eng/receiver__Noun__1
written_rep: receiver
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 受体
sense_list:
Any of several electronic devices that receive electromagnetic waves, or signals transmitted as such. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/receptacle__Noun__1
written_rep: receptacle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 插口
sense_list:
(electricity, US) A contact device installed at an outlet for the connection of an attachment plug (typically by receiving the plug's prongs) to supply portable appliances or equipment.


lexentry: eng/reception__Noun__1
written_rep: reception
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 接收效果
sense_list:
The act of receiving. | (uncountable, electronics) The act or ability to receive radio or similar signals. | The desk of a hotel or office where guests are received. | (linguistics) Reading viewed as the active process of receiving a text in any medium (written, spoken, signed, multimodal, nonverbal), consisting of several steps, such as ideation, comprehension, reconstruction, interpretation.


lexentry: eng/receptionist__Noun__1
written_rep: receptionist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 接待员
sense_list:
An employee (such as a secretary) who works in reception (receiving visitors and/or calls) for a person or business, especially an office.


lexentry: eng/receptor__Noun__1
written_rep: receptor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 受体
sense_list:
(biochemistry, medicine) A protein on a cell wall that binds with specific molecules so that they can be absorbed into the cell in order to control certain functions. | (biology) Any specialized cell or structure that responds to sensory stimuli.


lexentry: eng/recess__Noun__1
written_rep: recess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 休假
sense_list:
(countable) A temporary stoppage of an activity; a break, a pause. | (government) A period of time when the proceedings of a committee, court of law, parliament, or other official body are temporarily suspended. | (countable) An act of retiring or withdrawing from public life, society, etc.; also, an act of living in retirement or seclusion, or a period of such retirement or seclusion.


lexentry: eng/recess__Noun__1
written_rep: recess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 全休止符
sense_list:
(Australia, Britain, North America, Philippines, education) A time away from studying during the school day for a meal or recreation.


lexentry: eng/reciprocal__Adjective__1
written_rep: reciprocal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 互
sense_list:
Of a feeling, action or such: mutual, uniformly felt or done by each party towards the other or others; two-way.


lexentry: eng/reciprocal__Noun__1
written_rep: reciprocal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 倒数
sense_list:
(arithmetic) The number obtained by dividing 1 by another given number; the result of exchanging the numerator and the denominator of a fraction.


lexentry: eng/recite__Verb__1
written_rep: recite
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 背
sense_list:
(transitive) To repeat aloud (some passage, poem or other text previously memorized, or in front of one's eyes), often before an audience. | (transitive) To list or enumerate something.


lexentry: eng/reckon__Verb__1
written_rep: reckon
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 研判
sense_list:
(colloquial) To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; -- followed by an objective clause


lexentry: eng/recognition__Noun__1
written_rep: recognition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 認出
sense_list:
The act of recognizing or the condition of being recognized (matching a current observation with a memory of a prior observation of the same entity). | Honour, favourable note, or attention.


lexentry: eng/recognize__Verb__1
written_rep: recognize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 認出
sense_list:
(transitive) To match (something or someone which one currently perceives) to a memory of some previous encounter with the same person or thing. | (transitive) To acknowledge the existence or legality of; to treat as valid or worthy of consideration. | (transitive, or with clause) To acknowledge or consider (as being a certain thing or having a certain quality or property).


lexentry: eng/recollection__Noun__1
written_rep: recollection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 記憶
sense_list:
The act of recollecting, or recalling to the memory; the act of recalling to memory. | The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the period within which things can be recollected; remembrance. | That which is recollected; something called to mind; a reminiscence.


lexentry: eng/recommend__Verb__1
written_rep: recommend
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 介绍
sense_list:
(transitive) To bestow commendation on; to represent favourably; to suggest, endorse or encourage as an appropriate choice. | (transitive, archaic) To commit, confide to another's care, confidence or acceptance, with favoring representations


lexentry: eng/reconcile__Verb__1
written_rep: reconcile
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 放下
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To restore a friendly relationship; to bring back or return to harmony. | (transitive) To make things compatible or consistent.


lexentry: eng/record__Noun__1
written_rep: record
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 纪录
sense_list:
An item of information put into a temporary or permanent physical medium. | Any instance of a physical medium on which information was put for the purpose of preserving it and making it available for future reference. | (computing) A set of data relating to a single individual or item.


lexentry: eng/record__Noun__1
written_rep: record
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 唱片
sense_list:
Ellipsis of phonograph record (“a disc, usually made from vinyl, on which sound is recorded and may be replayed on a phonograph”).


lexentry: eng/record__Verb__1
written_rep: record
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 录音 錄音
sense_list:
(transitive) To make an audio or video recording of. | (intransitive) To make an audio, video, or multimedia recording.


lexentry: eng/record_label__Noun__1
written_rep: record label
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 印章
sense_list:
The round sticker in the centre of a phonograph record that contains the record company's logo and information about the recording.


lexentry: eng/recorder__Noun__2
written_rep: recorder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 直笛
sense_list:
(musical instrument) A musical instrument of the woodwind family; a type of fipple flute, a simple internal duct flute.


lexentry: eng/recover__Verb__1
written_rep: recover
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: 复
sense_list:
(intransitive, followed by "from" to show what caused the bad feeling) To get better, to regain health or prosperity.


lexentry: eng/rectify__Verb__1
written_rep: rectify
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 改
sense_list:
(transitive) To restore (someone or something) to its proper condition; to straighten out, to set right. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/rector__Noun__1
written_rep: rector
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 院长
sense_list:
In the Anglican Church, a cleric in charge of a parish and who owns the tithes of it. | (Eastern Orthodoxy, uncommon) A priest or bishop in the Orthodox Church who is in charge of a parish or in an administrative leadership position in a theological seminary or academy. | A headmaster or headmistress in various educational institutions, e.g., a university.


lexentry: eng/rectum__Noun__1
written_rep: rectum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 直肠 | 直腸
sense_list:
(anatomy) The terminal part of the large intestine through which feces pass after exiting the colon, but before leaving the body through the anus or cloaca.


lexentry: eng/recumbent__Noun__1
written_rep: recumbent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 躺式自行车
sense_list:
(archaeology) A large rectangular monolith lying on its side, typically flanked by two large upright stones, the flankers; found in recumbent stone circles of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and the counties of Cork and Kerry in south-west of Ireland.


lexentry: eng/recurrent_neural_network__Noun__1
written_rep: recurrent neural network
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 循环神经网络//循環神經網路
sense_list:
(machine learning) An artificial neural network where the connections between units give them a kind of internal memory useful for processing arbitrary sequences of inputs as in speech recognition.


lexentry: eng/recursive__Adjective__1
written_rep: recursive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 回归的
sense_list:
drawing upon itself, referring back. | (mathematics, not comparable) of an expression, each term of which is determined by applying a formula to preceding terms | (computing, not comparable) of a program or function that calls itself | (computing theory, not comparable, of a function) which can be computed by a theoretical model of a computer, in a finite amount of time


lexentry: eng/recycle_bin__Noun__1
written_rep: recycle bin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 垃圾桶
sense_list:
(computing) In Microsoft Windows, a storage location for deleted files, from which they can be retrieved or permanently deleted.


lexentry: eng/red__Adjective__1
written_rep: red
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 红 | 红色
sense_list:
Left-wing parties and movements, chiefly socialist or communist, including the U.K. Labour party and the Social Democratic Party of Germany.


lexentry: eng/red__Noun__1
written_rep: red
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 红色 | 红
sense_list:
(countable, and, uncountable) The colour of the setting sun, blood, and strawberries; the colour which is evoked by the longest visible wavelengths (between about 625–740 nm), and a primary additive colour.


lexentry: eng/red_blood_cell__Noun__1
written_rep: red blood cell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 紅細胞 红细胞
sense_list:
(hematology, cytology) A type of cell in the blood of vertebrates that contains hemoglobin and transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues; an erythrocyte.


lexentry: eng/red_cabbage__Noun__1
written_rep: red cabbage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 紫甘藍
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) A form of cabbage having red leaves, Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra .


lexentry: eng/red_fox__Noun__1
written_rep: red fox
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 赤狐
sense_list:
(countable) A common species of fox, Vulpes vulpes native to North America, Asia, Europe and North Africa; small, with reddish fur, but larger than the arctic fox.


lexentry: eng/red_giant__Noun__1
written_rep: red giant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 紅巨星
sense_list:
(star) A large red coloured star with a lower surface temperature than many stars, being at the final stage of moderately massive main-sequence stars.


lexentry: eng/red_panda__Noun__1
written_rep: red panda
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 小熊貓 小熊猫
sense_list:
An omnivorous mammal of the genus Ailurus, native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia, which has dark red fur and a ringed tail.


lexentry: eng/red_state__Noun__1
written_rep: red state
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 红州
sense_list:
(US politics) A state of the United States voting Republican in a given election, tending to vote Republican in general, or having a typically conservative mindset.


lexentry: eng/redact__Verb__1
written_rep: redact
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 审查
sense_list:
(usually, transitive) To censor, to black out or remove parts of a document while leaving the remainder.


lexentry: eng/rediffusion__Noun__1
written_rep: rediffusion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 重播
sense_list:
The rebroadcasting of a programme; more specifically, the distribution of radio or television transmissions from a single receiver


lexentry: eng/redneck__Noun__1
written_rep: redneck
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 甜菜
sense_list:
(slang, US, usually, pejorative, offensive, ethnic slur) A poor, rural, usually white, person from the Southern United States or parts of the Midwest and Northeast, especially one whose beliefs are seen as unsophisticated and backward; sometimes with additional connotations of being bigoted.


lexentry: eng/redox__Noun__1
written_rep: redox
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 氧化还原反应
sense_list:
(rare) (chemistry) A reaction in which an oxidation and a reduction occur simultaneously; a reaction in which electrons are transferred.


lexentry: eng/redshift__Noun__1
written_rep: redshift
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 紅移 | 红移
sense_list:
(physics, :, astronomy, relativity) An increase in the wavelength of a photon or of light, corresponding to a lower frequency and a shift toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum.


lexentry: eng/reduce__Verb__1
written_rep: reduce
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 減少
sense_list:
(transitive) To bring down the size, quantity, quality, value or intensity of something; to diminish, to lower.


lexentry: eng/redundancy__Noun__1
written_rep: redundancy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 冗余
sense_list:
The state of being redundant | Duplication of components or circuits to provide survival of the total system in case of failure of single components. | Duplication of parts of a message to guard against transmission errors.


lexentry: eng/reed__Noun__1
written_rep: reed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 芦苇
sense_list:
(countable) Any of various types of tall stiff perennial grass-like plants growing together in groups near water.


lexentry: eng/reed__Noun__1
written_rep: reed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 簧片
sense_list:
(countable, music) Part of an aerophone musical instrument, comprising a thin piece of wood or metal, which vibrates to produce sound when air passes through it.


lexentry: eng/reek__Verb__1
written_rep: reek
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 臭
sense_list:
(intransitive) To have or give off a strong, unpleasant smell. | (intransitive, figuratively) To be evidently associated with something unpleasant.


lexentry: eng/reel_in__Verb__1
written_rep: reel in
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 使再现
sense_list:
(fishing, transitive) To bring (a fish etc.) out of the water by winding the line on which it is caught onto a reel (e.g. of a fishing rod).


lexentry: eng/referee__Noun__1
written_rep: referee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 裁判
sense_list:
(sports) An umpire or judge; an official who makes sure the rules are followed during a game. | A person who settles a dispute.


lexentry: eng/reflect__Verb__1
written_rep: reflect
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 反射
sense_list:
(transitive) To bend back (light, etc.) from a surface. | (intransitive) To be bent back (light, etc.) from a surface. | (transitive) To mirror, or show the image of something. | (intransitive) To think seriously; to ponder or consider.


lexentry: eng/reform__Noun__1
written_rep: reform
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 改革
sense_list:
The change of something that is defective, broken, inefficient or otherwise negative, in order to correct or improve it


lexentry: eng/reform__Verb__1
written_rep: reform
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 改革
sense_list:
(transitive) To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better.


lexentry: eng/reformation__Noun__1
written_rep: reformation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 改革
sense_list:
An improvement (or an intended improvement) in the existing form or condition of institutions or practices, etc.; intended to make a striking change for the better in social, political or religious affairs or in the conduct of persons or operation of organizations.


lexentry: eng/refraction__Noun__1
written_rep: refraction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 折射
sense_list:
(physics) The turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density.


lexentry: eng/refresh__Noun__1
written_rep: refresh
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 提神
sense_list:
(computing) The update of a display (in a web browser or similar software) to show the latest version of the data.


lexentry: eng/refrigerant__Noun__1
written_rep: refrigerant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 软饮料
sense_list:
A substance used in a heat cycle that undergoes a phase change between gas and liquid to allow the cooling, as in refrigerators, air conditioners, etc.


lexentry: eng/refrigerator__Noun__1
written_rep: refrigerator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 冰箱
sense_list:
A household or commercial appliance used for keeping food fresh by refrigeration (short form fridge).


lexentry: eng/refugee__Noun__1
written_rep: refugee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 难民
sense_list:
(attributive, also, figurative) A person seeking refuge (as for shelter or protection), especially in a foreign country, out of fear or prospect of political, religious persecution, war, natural disaster, etc. [from 1680s]


lexentry: eng/refurbish__Verb__1
written_rep: refurbish
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 更新
sense_list:
(transitive) To rebuild or replenish with all new material; to restore to original (or better) working order and appearance.


lexentry: eng/regard__Verb__1
written_rep: regard
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 涉及
sense_list:
(transitive) To have to do with, to concern. [from 17th c.] | (transitive, obsolete) To set store by (something), to hold (someone) in esteem; to consider to have value, to respect. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/reggae__Noun__1
written_rep: reggae
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 雷吉
sense_list:
(Rastafari, music genre, originally, dance) A music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s and is heavily associated with Rastafarianism, featuring a heavy bass line and percussive rhythm guitar on the offbeat, often with close vocal harmonies.


lexentry: eng/regime__Noun__1
written_rep: regime
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 政权
sense_list:
A form of government, or the government in power, particularly an authoritarian or totalitarian one.


lexentry: eng/regiment__Noun__1
written_rep: regiment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 团
sense_list:
(military) A unit of armed troops under the command of an officer, and consisting of several smaller units. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/region__Noun__1
written_rep: region
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 地区
sense_list:
Any considerable and connected part of a space or surface; specifically, a tract of land or sea of considerable but indefinite extent; a country; a district; in a broad sense, a place without special reference to location or extent but viewed as an entity for geographical, social or cultural reasons. | An administrative subdivision of the European Union.


lexentry: eng/regional_lockout__Noun__1
written_rep: regional lockout
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 地方停工
sense_list:
(video games, DVD, television) The programming practice, code, or chip used to prevent the playing of imported media on a domestically marketed device.


lexentry: eng/register__Noun__1
written_rep: register
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 寄存器
sense_list:
A certificate issued by the collector of customs of a port or district to the owner of a vessel, containing the description of a vessel, its name, ownership, and other material facts. It is kept on board the vessel, to be used as evidence of nationality or as a muniment of title. | (computing) A small unit of very fast memory that is directly accessible to the central processing unit, and is mostly used to store inputs, outputs, or intermediate results of computations.


lexentry: eng/registered__Adjective__1
written_rep: registered
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 證書
sense_list:
(mail service) Having a mailed item recorded in a register to enable its location to be tracked, sometimes with added insurance to cover loss.


lexentry: eng/registry__Noun__1
written_rep: registry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 套准
sense_list:
(countable, computing) A database of configuration settings etc. maintained by the Microsoft Windows operating system.


lexentry: eng/regret__Noun__1
written_rep: regret
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 悔改
sense_list:
Emotional pain on account of something done or experienced in the past, with a wish that it had been different; a looking back with dissatisfaction or with longing. | (decision theory) The amount of avoidable loss that results from choosing the wrong action. | A person invited to an event who was unable to attend, but notified the organizer of this beforehand; a nonattendee.


lexentry: eng/regret__Verb__1
written_rep: regret
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 后悔
sense_list:
To feel sorry about (a thing that has or has not happened), afterthink: to wish that a thing had not happened, that something else had happened instead.


lexentry: eng/regular__Adjective__1
written_rep: regular
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 固定的
sense_list:
Having a constant pattern; showing evenness of form or appearance. [from 15th c.] | Demonstrating a consistent set of rules; showing order, evenness of operation or occurrence. [from 16th c.] | Happening at constant (especially short) intervals. [from 17th c.] | (grammar, of a verb, plural, etc) Following a set or common pattern; according to the normal rules of a given language. [from 17th c.] | (chiefly, US) Having the expected characteristics or appearances; normal, ordinary, standard. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/regulation__Noun__1
written_rep: regulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 章程
sense_list:
(uncountable) The act of regulating or the condition of being regulated. | (countable) A law or administrative rule, issued by an organization, used to guide or prescribe the conduct of members of that organization. | (European Union law) A form of legislative act which is self-effecting, and requires no further intervention by the Member States to become law.


lexentry: eng/rehabilitate__Verb__1
written_rep: rehabilitate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 修復
sense_list:
(transitive, North America, construction) To restore or repair (a vehicle, building); to make habitable or usable again. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/rehabilitate__Verb__1
written_rep: rehabilitate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 回復 | 回歸
sense_list:
(transitive, criminology) To restore to (a criminal etc.) the necessary training and education to allow for a successful reintegration into society; to retrain. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/rehabilitate__Verb__1
written_rep: rehabilitate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 康復
sense_list:
(transitive, medicine) To return (someone) to good health after illness, addiction, etc. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/rehearsal__Noun__1
written_rep: rehearsal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 考
sense_list:
The practising of something which is to be performed before an audience, usually to test or improve the interaction between several participating people, or to allow technical adjustments with respect to staging to be done.


lexentry: eng/rehearse__Verb__1
written_rep: rehearse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 排練
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To practise by recitation or repetition in private for experiment and improvement, prior to a public representation, especially in theater.


lexentry: eng/reindeer__Noun__1
written_rep: reindeer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 驯鹿 | 馴鹿
sense_list:
(plural: reindeer) Any Arctic and subarctic-dwelling deer of the species Rangifer tarandus, with a number of subspecies.


lexentry: eng/reinsurance__Noun__1
written_rep: reinsurance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 再保险
sense_list:
(business, insurance) Insurance purchased by insurance companies that spreads the risk associated with selling insurance around so the danger of one large monetary loss is minimized.


lexentry: eng/reiterate__Verb__1
written_rep: reiterate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 重复
sense_list:
(transitive) To say or do (something) for a second time, such as for emphasis. | (transitive) To say or do (something) repeatedly.


lexentry: eng/rejoice__Verb__1
written_rep: rejoice
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 高兴
sense_list:
(intransitive) To be very happy, be delighted, exult; to feel joy. [from 14th c.] | (transitive) To make happy, exhilarate. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/relational_database__Noun__1
written_rep: relational database
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 关系数据库
sense_list:
(databases) A database consisting of separate tables, having explicitly defined relationships, and whose elements may be selectively combined as the results of queries.


lexentry: eng/relative-in-law__Noun__1
written_rep: relative-in-law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 親戚
sense_list:
(uncommon) Co-relative-in-law: A relative of one's generation, separated by two degrees of marriage.


lexentry: eng/relative_clause__Noun__1
written_rep: relative clause
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 关系从句
sense_list:
(grammar) A subordinate clause that modifies or gives further information about a noun or sometimes whole statement; in English, may be introduced by a relative pronoun (sometimes optional) such as that, which or who.


lexentry: eng/relatively__Adverb__1
written_rep: relatively
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 有关的
sense_list:
In a relative manner; with reference to environment or competition; contextually or comparatively. | (sometimes, proscribed) Somewhat; fairly.


lexentry: eng/relax__Verb__1
written_rep: relax
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 放松
sense_list:
(transitive) To make something loose. | (transitive) To relieve (someone or someone's mind) of stress; to enable to rest; to calm down.


lexentry: eng/relay__Noun__1
written_rep: relay
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 接力
sense_list:
(athletics) A track and field discipline where runners take turns in carrying a baton from start to finish. The most common events are 4×100 meter and 4×400 meter competitions. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/relay__Noun__1
written_rep: relay
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 继电器
sense_list:
(electronics) An electrical actuator that allows a relatively small electrical voltage or current to control a larger voltage or current. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/release__Noun__1
written_rep: release
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 版本
sense_list:
(software) The distribution, either public or private, of an initial or new and upgraded version of a computer software product.


lexentry: eng/reliability__Noun__1
written_rep: reliability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 信度
sense_list:
The quality of being reliable, dependable, or trustworthy. | (education) the ability to measure the same thing consistently (of a measurement indicating the degree to which the measure is consistent); that is, repeated measurements would give the same result (See also validity).


lexentry: eng/relic__Noun__1
written_rep: relic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 圣髑
sense_list:
Something old and outdated, possibly kept for sentimental reasons. | (religion) A part of the body of a saint, or an ancient religious object, kept for veneration.


lexentry: eng/religion__Noun__1
written_rep: religion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 宗教
sense_list:
(uncountable) Belief in a spiritual or metaphysical reality (often including at least one deity), accompanied by practices or rituals pertaining to the belief.


lexentry: eng/reluctance__Noun__1
written_rep: reluctance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 不乐意
sense_list:
Unwillingness to do something. | Hesitancy in taking some action. | (physics) That property of a magnetic circuit analogous to resistance in an electric circuit.


lexentry: eng/remain__Verb__1
written_rep: remain
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 还有
sense_list:
(mathematics) To be left after a number or quantity has been subtracted or cut off; to be left as not included or comprised.


lexentry: eng/remain__Verb__1
written_rep: remain
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 留
sense_list:
To continue unchanged in place, form, or condition, or undiminished in quantity; to abide; to stay; to endure; to last.


lexentry: eng/remainder__Noun__1
written_rep: remainder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 找
sense_list:
(mathematics) The amount left over after subtracting the divisor as many times as possible from the dividend without producing a negative result. If n (dividend) and d (divisor) are integers, then n can always be expressed in the form n = dq + r, where q (quotient) and r (remainder) are also integers and 0 ≤ r &#60; d.


lexentry: eng/remains__Noun__1
written_rep: remains
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 墟
sense_list:
The body or any of its matter that are left after a person (or any organism) dies; a corpse. | All that is left of the stock of some things; remnants.


lexentry: eng/remark__Noun__1
written_rep: remark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 观察
sense_list:
An act of pointing out or noticing; notice or observation. | An expression, in speech or writing, of something remarked or noticed; a mention of something


lexentry: eng/remark__Verb__1
written_rep: remark
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 看见
sense_list:
(transitive) To pay heed to; notice; to take notice of, to perceive. [from 16th c.] | (transitive, with clause as object) To express in words or writing; to state, as an observation. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/remembrance__Noun__1
written_rep: remembrance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 記憶
sense_list:
The act of remembering; a holding in mind, or bringing to mind; recollection. | The state of being remembered, or held in mind; memory, recollection. | The power of remembering; the reach of personal knowledge; the period over which one's memory extends.


lexentry: eng/remind__Verb__1
written_rep: remind
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 记得
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause one to experience a memory (of someone or something); to bring to the notice or consideration (of a person).


lexentry: eng/remiss__Adjective__1
written_rep: remiss
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 鬆動
sense_list:
Not energetic or exact in duty or business; careless; tardy; slack; hence, lacking earnestness or activity; languid; slow.


lexentry: eng/remittance__Noun__1
written_rep: remittance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 存款
sense_list:
The act of sending money to someone. | Money which is sent to someone, typically to someone in another country.


lexentry: eng/remix__Noun__1
written_rep: remix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 重混
sense_list:
(music) A rearrangement of an older piece of music, possibly including various cosmetic changes. | (music) A piece of music formed by combining existing pieces of music together, possibly including various other cosmetic changes


lexentry: eng/remote_control__Noun__1
written_rep: remote control
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 遥控器
sense_list:
(countable) A device used to operate an appliance (such as a television, vehicle, or mechanical toy) from a short distance away.


lexentry: eng/remote_sensing__Noun__1
written_rep: remote sensing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 遥测
sense_list:
(science) The capability to gain information about an object without coming in direct contact with it, for example via satellite imaging or thermal imaging.


lexentry: eng/removal__Noun__1
written_rep: removal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 葬礼
sense_list:
(Ireland) An evening funeral ritual in which the coffin holding the deceased is brought, usually from a funeral home, to the church where the funeral mass will be celebrated the following day. Prayers are said before and after the journey, after which mourners are typically received at the home of the deceased.


lexentry: eng/rendaku__Noun__1
written_rep: rendaku
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 连浊
sense_list:
(linguistics) In the Japanese language, a phenomenon which governs the voicing of the initial consonant of the non-initial portion of a compound or prefixed word. An example is 時々 (ときどき, tokidoki), where the second, iterative element "-toki" becomes "-doki" and 折り紙 (おりがみ, origami) where the word 紙 (かみ, kami; paper) becomes "gami".


lexentry: eng/rendition__Noun__1
written_rep: rendition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 演說
sense_list:
An interpretation or performance of an artwork, especially a musical score or musical work. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/renew__Verb__1
written_rep: renew
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 更新
sense_list:
(transitive) To make (something) new again; to restore to freshness or original condition. [from 14thc.]


lexentry: eng/renewable_energy__Noun__1
written_rep: renewable energy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 再生能源
sense_list:
Energy that is collected from renewable resources, such as wind, water, or the sun, usually and especially as applied to a category of electrical generation.


lexentry: eng/rent__Noun__1
written_rep: rent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 租约
sense_list:
A payment made by a tenant at intervals in order to lease a property. | A similar payment for the use of a product, equipment or a service.


lexentry: eng/rent__Verb__1
written_rep: rent
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 租
sense_list:
(transitive) To take a lease of premises in exchange for rent. | (transitive) To obtain or have temporary possession of an object (e.g. a movie) in exchange for money.


lexentry: eng/rentier__Noun__1
written_rep: rentier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 馴鹿
sense_list:
An individual who receives an income, usually interest, rent, dividends, capital gains, or profits from his or her assets and investments.


lexentry: eng/reparation__Noun__1
written_rep: reparation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 补偿
sense_list:
(usually, in the plural) A payment of time, effort or money to compensate for past transgression(s).


lexentry: eng/repeal__Verb__1
written_rep: repeal
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 取消
sense_list:
(transitive) To cancel, invalidate, annul. | To recall; to summon (a person) again; to bring (a person) back from exile or banishment. | To suppress; to repel.


lexentry: eng/repent__Verb__1
written_rep: repent
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 後悔
sense_list:
(intransitive) To feel pain, sorrow, or regret for what one has done or omitted to do; the cause for repenting may be indicated with "of".


lexentry: eng/repentance__Noun__1
written_rep: repentance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 悔改
sense_list:
The condition of being repentant, penitent. | A feeling of regret or remorse for doing wrong or sinning.


lexentry: eng/repetition__Noun__1
written_rep: repetition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 重複
sense_list:
(weightlifting) : The act of performing a single, controlled exercise motion. A group of repetitions is a set.


lexentry: eng/reply__Verb__1
written_rep: reply
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 回答
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive) To give a written or spoken response, especially to a question, request, accusation or criticism; to answer. | (intransitive) To act or gesture in response.


lexentry: eng/report__Noun__1
written_rep: report
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 報告
sense_list:
A piece of information describing, or an account of certain events given or presented to someone, with the most common adpositions being by (referring to creator of the report) and on (referring to the subject).


lexentry: eng/report__Verb__1
written_rep: report
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 报告
sense_list:
(formal, transitive) To notify someone of (particular intelligence, suspicions, illegality, misconduct etc.); to make notification to relevant authorities; to submit a formal report of. [from 15th c.] | (ambitransitive) To write news reports (for); to cover as a journalist or reporter. [from 19th c.] | (intransitive) To be accountable to or subordinate to (someone) in a hierarchy; to receive orders from (someone); to give official updates to (someone who is above oneself in a hierarchy).


lexentry: eng/report_card__Noun__1
written_rep: report card
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 报告
sense_list:
(education) A document, on cardboard or plain paper, indicating the grades that a student has earned, issued at the end of a term of a regular period.


lexentry: eng/repose__Noun__1
written_rep: repose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 睡覺
sense_list:
(uncountable) Temporary cessation from activity to rest and recover, especially in the form of sleep; rest; (countable) an instance of this; a break, a rest; a sleep.


lexentry: eng/represent__Verb__1
written_rep: represent
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 代表
sense_list:
(transitive) To present again or anew; to present by means of something standing in the place of; to exhibit the counterpart or image of; to typify. | (transitive) To portray by mimicry or acting; to act the part or character of | (transitive) To stand or act in the place of; to perform the duties, exercise the rights, or otherwise act on behalf of | (transitive) To form or image again in consciousness, as an object of cognition or apprehension (something presentative, which was originally apprehended by direct presentation). | (intransitive, AAVE) To constitute a good example or symbol of a group of people; to acquit oneself well.


lexentry: eng/representative__Noun__1
written_rep: representative
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 代表
sense_list:
One who speaks for or acts on behalf of another in a particular (especially official) capacity. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/representative_democracy__Noun__1
written_rep: representative democracy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 代議民主
sense_list:
(politics) A policy under the rule of people acting on the behalf of and, to a lesser extent, in the interests of the voting blocks by which they were elected.


lexentry: eng/reprise__Noun__1
written_rep: reprise
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 再現
sense_list:
(music) A repetition of a phrase, a return to an earlier theme, or a second rendition or version of a song in a programme or musical.


lexentry: eng/reproduction__Noun__1
written_rep: reproduction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 生殖
sense_list:
The act of reproducing new individuals biologically. | The act of making copies. | A copy of something, as in a piece of art; a duplicate.


lexentry: eng/reptile__Noun__1
written_rep: reptile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 爬虫
sense_list:
(informal) Any member of the class Reptilia that is not a bird— a cold-blooded vertebrate with dry scales that usually lays eggs, such as a lizard, snake, turtle, tortoise, crocodile, alligator, etc. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/republic__Noun__1
written_rep: republic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 共和国 | 共和國
sense_list:
A state where sovereignty rests with the people or their representatives, rather than with a monarch or emperor; a country with no monarchy. | (archaic) A state, which may or may not be a monarchy, in which the executive and legislative branches of government are separate.


lexentry: eng/republican__Adjective__1
written_rep: republican
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 共和国
sense_list:
Advocating or supporting a republic as a form of government, advocating or supporting republicanism. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/requirement__Noun__1
written_rep: requirement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 必要
sense_list:
A necessity or prerequisite; something required or obligatory. Its adpositions are generally of in relation to who or what has given it, on in relation to whom or what it is given to, and for in relation to what is required.


lexentry: eng/rerun__Noun__1
written_rep: rerun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 重播
sense_list:
(American) A television program shown after its initial presentation, particularly many weeks after its initial presentation; a repeat.


lexentry: eng/rescind__Verb__1
written_rep: rescind
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 取消
sense_list:
(transitive) To repeal, annul, or declare void; to take (something such as a rule or contract) out of effect.


lexentry: eng/research__Noun__1
written_rep: research
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 研究
sense_list:
(uncountable, countable, _, in some dialects) Diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise facts, principles, theories, applications, etc. (that are currently available, or that are familiar to one's self).


lexentry: eng/resent__Verb__1
written_rep: resent
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 憤慨
sense_list:
(transitive) To feel resentment over; to consider as an affront. | (transitive) To express displeasure or indignation at.


lexentry: eng/resentment__Noun__1
written_rep: resentment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 厌恶
sense_list:
Anger or displeasure stemming from belief that one or one's group has been wronged or betrayed by others; indignation.


lexentry: eng/reside__Verb__1
written_rep: reside
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 住
sense_list:
To dwell permanently or for a considerable time; to have a settled abode for a time; to remain for a long time.


lexentry: eng/resign__Verb__1
written_rep: resign
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 放弃
sense_list:
(transitive) To give up; to relinquish ownership of. [from 14th c.] | (transitive) To submit passively; to give up as hopeless or inevitable. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/resign__Verb__1
written_rep: resign
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 辞职
sense_list:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To voluntarily leave (a job or position), in particular a hard-fought position of high status. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/resilience__Noun__1
written_rep: resilience
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 彈性
sense_list:
(physics) The physical property of material that can resume its shape after being stretched or deformed; elasticity.


lexentry: eng/resin__Noun__1
written_rep: resin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 树脂
sense_list:
A viscous water-insoluble hydrocarbon exudate of certain plants, or such a substance as a component of a plant exudate; used in lacquers, varnishes and many other applications. | Any synthetic compound of similar properties.


lexentry: eng/resipiscence__Noun__1
written_rep: resipiscence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 知错能改, 善莫大焉
sense_list:
(uncountable) Recognition of one or more past mistakes, especially with a desire to improve in the future; repentance; (countable) an instance of this. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/resistance__Noun__1
written_rep: resistance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 电阻
sense_list:
The act of resisting, or the capacity to resist. | (physics) A force that tends to oppose motion. | An underground organisation engaged in a struggle for liberation from forceful occupation; a resistance movement.


lexentry: eng/resistivity__Noun__1
written_rep: resistivity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 电阻率
sense_list:
(electricity) The resistance offered at a particular temperature by an electrical conductor of any given material in a cube of unit length, expressed in ohm-metres (Ωm) in the metric system of measurement.


lexentry: eng/resistor__Noun__1
written_rep: resistor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 电阻 | 电阻器
sense_list:
(electronics) An electric component that transmits current in direct proportion to the voltage across it.


lexentry: eng/resolution__Noun__1
written_rep: resolution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 决议
sense_list:
A strong will; the state of being resolute. | A statement of intent, a vow. | (computing, photography) The degree of fineness with which an image can be recorded or produced, often expressed as the number of pixels per unit of length (typically an inch). | (computing) The number of pixels in an image being stored or displayed. | (computing) The process of determining the meaning of a symbol or address; the process of executing a link to it. | A formal statement adopted by an assembly, or during any other formal meeting.


lexentry: eng/resonance__Noun__1
written_rep: resonance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: 共振
sense_list:
(astronomy) An influence of the gravitational forces of one orbiting object on the orbit of another, causing periodic perturbations.


lexentry: eng/resound__Verb__1
written_rep: resound
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 迴響
sense_list:
To praise or spread the fame of (someone or something) with the voice or the sound of musical instruments; to celebrate, to extol; also, to declare (someone) to be a certain thing.


lexentry: eng/resound__Verb__1
written_rep: resound
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 响着
sense_list:
Especially of a musical instrument: to make a (deep or reverberating) sound; also, to make sounds continuously.


lexentry: eng/resourceful__Adjective__1
written_rep: resourceful
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 機靈
sense_list:
Capable or clever; able to put available resources to efficient or ingenious use; using materials at hand wisely or efficiently.


lexentry: eng/respectively__Adverb__1
written_rep: respectively
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 合适
sense_list:
In a relative manner; often used when comparing array lists, where the term denotes that the items in the lists correspond to each other in the order they are given.


lexentry: eng/respond__Verb__1
written_rep: respond
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 回答
sense_list:
(intransitive) To act in return; to carry out an action or in return to a force or stimulus; to do something in response. | (ambitransitive) To correspond with; to suit. | (transitive) To satisfy; to answer.


lexentry: eng/responsibility__Noun__1
written_rep: responsibility
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 責任
sense_list:
The state of being responsible, accountable, or answerable. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.] | The state of being liable, culpable, or responsible for something in particular. | A duty, obligation or liability for which someone is held accountable.


lexentry: eng/responsible__Adjective__1
written_rep: responsible
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 负责
sense_list:
(postpositive, followed by "for") Having the duty of taking care of something; answerable for an act performed or for its consequences; accountable; amenable, especially legally or politically. | (postpositive, followed by "for") Being a primary cause of a situation or action and thus able to be blamed or credited for it. | (of a, job, or, position) Involving important duties; involving a degree of personal accountability on the part of the person concerned. | Able to be trusted; reliable; trustworthy.


lexentry: eng/responsive_web_design__Noun__1
written_rep: responsive web design
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 响应式网页设计
sense_list:
(design, Web) Approach to web design that makes Web pages render well on a variety of devices and screen sizes to ensure usability and satisfaction.


lexentry: eng/rest__Noun__1
written_rep: rest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 休息
sense_list:
(uncountable, of a person or animal) Relief from work or activity by sleeping; sleep. | (euphemistic, uncountable) A final position after death. Also, death itself: "Not alone, not alone would I go to my rest in the heart of the love..." -- George William Russell ("Love")


lexentry: eng/rest__Noun__1
written_rep: rest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: 全休止符
sense_list:
(music, countable) A written symbol indicating such a pause in a musical score such as in sheet music.


lexentry: eng/rest__Verb__1
written_rep: rest
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 休息
sense_list:
(intransitive) To be free from that which harasses or disturbs; be quiet or still; be undisturbed. | (transitive, reflexive, copulative) To put into a state of rest. | (transitive, intransitive, reflexive) To lean, lie, or lay.


lexentry: eng/rest_area__Noun__1
written_rep: rest area
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 公路服務區
sense_list:
A place, usually on a limited-access highway, where one can stop to use the restroom or to take a break from travelling.


lexentry: eng/restaurant__Noun__1
written_rep: restaurant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 餐馆 | 饭馆
sense_list:
An eating establishment in which diners are served food, usually by waiters at their tables but sometimes (as in a fast food restaurant) at a counter.


lexentry: eng/restitution__Noun__1
written_rep: restitution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 补偿
sense_list:
(legal) A process of compensation for losses. | The act of making good or compensating for loss or injury.


lexentry: eng/restoration__Noun__1
written_rep: restoration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 回复
sense_list:
The process of bringing an object back to its original state; the process of restoring something. | The return of a former monarchy or monarch to power, usually after having been forced to step down.


lexentry: eng/restore__Verb__1
written_rep: restore
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 使成为
sense_list:
(transitive) To give or bring back (that which has been lost or taken); to bring back to the owner; to replace.


lexentry: eng/result__Noun__1
written_rep: result
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 结果
sense_list:
That which results; the conclusion or end to which any course or condition of things leads, or which is obtained by any process or operation; consequence or effect.


lexentry: eng/resume__Verb__1
written_rep: resume
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 持续
sense_list:
(transitive) To start (something) again that has been stopped or paused from the point at which it was stopped or paused; continue, carry on. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/retarded__Adjective__1
written_rep: retarded
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 智力迟钝的
sense_list:
Delayed; delayed in development, hindered; impeded. [from 17th c.] | (psychology, sometimes, offensive, dated) Having mental retardation; mentally deficient or underdeveloped. | (colloquial, derogatory, offensive) Extremely stupid; obtuse [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/retention__Noun__1
written_rep: retention
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 記性 记性
sense_list:
(obsolete) That which contains something, as a tablet; a means of preserving impressions. | (legal) The right to withhold a debt, or of retaining property until a debt due to the person claiming the right is duly paid; a lien.


lexentry: eng/retina__Noun__1
written_rep: retina
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 视网膜
sense_list:
(ophthalmology) The thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball that contains rods and cones sensitive to light, which trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.


lexentry: eng/retirement__Noun__1
written_rep: retirement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 退休
sense_list:
The state of having permanently left one's employment, now especially at reaching pensionable age; the portion of one's life after retiring from one's career. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/return__Noun__1
written_rep: return
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 回到
sense_list:
The act of returning. | An account, or formal report, of an action performed, of a duty discharged, of facts or statistics, etc.; especially, in the plural, a set of tabulated statistics prepared for general information.


lexentry: eng/return__Verb__1
written_rep: return
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: 还
sense_list:
(transitive) To give something back to its original holder or owner. | (transitive, computing) To pass (data) back to the calling procedure.


lexentry: eng/reunion__Noun__1
written_rep: reunion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 再会合
sense_list:
The process or act of reuniting. | A planned event at which members of a dispersed group meet together.


lexentry: eng/revenge__Noun__1
written_rep: revenge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 報復
sense_list:
Any form of personal, retaliatory action against an individual, institution, or group for some alleged or perceived harm or injustice.


lexentry: eng/revenge__Verb__1
written_rep: revenge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 復仇
sense_list:
(transitive) To take revenge for (a particular harmful action) or on behalf of (its victim); to avenge.


lexentry: eng/revenge_is_a_dish_best_served_cold__Proverb__1
written_rep: revenge is a dish best served cold
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 君子报仇，十年不晚
sense_list:
Revenge should not be rushed, because it must be calculated coolly and/or because it is most satisfying when delayed.


lexentry: eng/revenue__Noun__1
written_rep: revenue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 回火
sense_list:
The income returned by an investment. | The total income received from a given source. | All income generated for some political entity's treasury by taxation and other means. | (accounting) The total sales; turnover.


lexentry: eng/reverse__Adjective__1
written_rep: reverse
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 倒数
sense_list:
Pertaining to engines, vehicle movement etc. moving in a direction opposite to the usual direction. [from 19th c.] | (rail transport, of points) To be in the non-default position; to be set for the lesser-used route.


lexentry: eng/reverse__Noun__1
written_rep: reverse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 头
sense_list:
(numismatics) The tails side of a coin, or the side of a medal or badge that is opposite the obverse. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/reverse_engineering__Noun__1
written_rep: reverse engineering
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 逆向工程
sense_list:
The process of analyzing the construction and operation of a product in order to manufacture a similar one.


lexentry: eng/review__Noun__1
written_rep: review
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 复习
sense_list:
A second or subsequent reading of a text or artifact in an attempt to gain new insights. | A stage show made up of topical sketches etc. | A survey of the available items or material. | A periodical which makes a survey of the arts or some other field. | A military inspection or display for the benefit of superiors or VIPs.


lexentry: eng/revival__Noun__1
written_rep: revival
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 闹钟
sense_list:
(religion) Renewed interest in religion, after indifference and decline; a period of religious awakening; special religious interest.


lexentry: eng/revolution__Noun__1
written_rep: revolution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 革命
sense_list:
(countable, politics) A political upheaval in a government or state characterized by great change. | (countable, politics) The popular removal and replacement of a government, especially by sudden violent action. | Rotation: the turning of an object around an axis, one complete turn of an object during rotation. | (astronomy) In the case of celestial bodies, the traversal of one body along an orbit around another body. | A sudden, vast change in a situation, a discipline, or the way of thinking and behaving.


lexentry: eng/rhapsody__Noun__1
written_rep: rhapsody
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 狂想曲
sense_list:
(Ancient Greece, poetry, historical) An epic poem, or part of one, suitable for uninterrupted recitation. | (music) An instrumental composition of irregular form, often incorporating improvisation.


lexentry: eng/rhenium__Noun__1
written_rep: rhenium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 铼 | 錸
sense_list:
A metallic chemical element (symbol Re) with an atomic number of 75: a heavy, silvery-gray transition metal.


lexentry: eng/rheostat__Noun__1
written_rep: rheostat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 可变电阻
sense_list:
(electronics, technology) An electrical resistor, with two terminals, whose resistance is continuously variable by moving a knob or slider.


lexentry: eng/rhetoric__Noun__1
written_rep: rhetoric
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 修辞学
sense_list:
The art of using language, especially public speaking, as a means to persuade. | (sometimes, derogatory) Meaningless language with an exaggerated style intended to impress.


lexentry: eng/rheum__Noun__1
written_rep: rheum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 眵
sense_list:
(uncountable) Thin or watery discharge of mucus or serum, especially from the eyes or nose, formerly thought to cause disease. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/rheumatism__Noun__1
written_rep: rheumatism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 风湿
sense_list:
(pathology) Any disorder of the muscles, tendons, joints, bones, nerves, characterized by pain, discomfort and disability.


lexentry: eng/rhinarium__Noun__1
written_rep: rhinarium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 松露
sense_list:
The naked surface of skin around the external openings of the nostrils of the nose in most mammals, usually more or less moist and embossed.


lexentry: eng/rhinoceros__Noun__1
written_rep: rhinoceros
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 犀牛
sense_list:
Any large herbivorous ungulate mammal native to Africa and Asia of the family Rhinocerotidae, with thick, gray skin and one or two horns on their snouts.


lexentry: eng/rhizoid__Noun__1
written_rep: rhizoid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 假根
sense_list:
(botany) A rootlike structure in fungi and some plants that acts as support and/or aids the absorption of nutrients.


lexentry: eng/rhizome__Noun__1
written_rep: rhizome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 根茎
sense_list:
(botany) A horizontal, underground stem of some plants that sends out roots and shoots (scions) from its nodes.


lexentry: eng/rhodium__Noun__1
written_rep: rhodium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 銠 | 铑
sense_list:
A rare, hard, silvery-white, inert metallic chemical element (symbol Rh) with an atomic number of 45.


lexentry: eng/rhubarb__Noun__1
written_rep: rhubarb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 大黄
sense_list:
Any plant of the genus Rheum, especially Rheum rhabarbarum, having large leaves and long green or reddish acidic leafstalks that are edible, in particular when cooked (although the leaves are mildly poisonous).


lexentry: eng/rhyme__Noun__1
written_rep: rhyme
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 韻
sense_list:
A thought expressed in verse; a verse; a poem; a tale told in verse. | (countable, in particular) A word that rhymes with another, in that it is pronounced identically with the other word from the vowel in its stressed syllable to the end. | (uncountable) Rhyming: sameness of letters or sounds of part of some words.


lexentry: eng/rhyolite__Noun__1
written_rep: rhyolite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 流紋岩
sense_list:
(geology) An igneous, volcanic (extrusive) rock, of felsic composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture.


lexentry: eng/rhythm__Noun__1
written_rep: rhythm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 节奏
sense_list:
The variation of strong and weak elements (such as duration, accent) of sounds, notably in speech or music, over time; a beat or meter. | A flow, repetition or regularity.


lexentry: eng/rib__Noun__1
written_rep: rib
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 肋骨
sense_list:
(anatomy) Any of a series of long curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in humans and other animals and extending from the spine to or toward the sternum. | (by extension) A part or piece, similar to a rib, and serving to shape or support something. | A cut of meat enclosing one or more rib bones. | (aeronautics) Any of several transverse pieces that provide an aircraft wing with shape and strength. | (architectural element) A long, narrow, usually arched member projecting from the surface of a structure, especially such a member separating the webs of a vault


lexentry: eng/rib_cage__Noun__1
written_rep: rib cage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 胸腔
sense_list:
(skeleton) A part of the skeleton within the thoracic area consisting of ribs, sternum and thoracic vertebrae.


lexentry: eng/ribbon__Noun__1
written_rep: ribbon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 丝带
sense_list:
A long, narrow strip of material used for decoration of clothing or the hair or gift wrapping. | An awareness ribbon.


lexentry: eng/ribonucleic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: ribonucleic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 核糖核酸
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A derivative of DNA having ribose in place of deoxyribose, and uracil in place of thymine; its primary function is in the transcription of genetic material and subsequent synthesis of protein.


lexentry: eng/ribosome__Noun__1
written_rep: ribosome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 核糖体
sense_list:
(biology, cytology) A small organelle found in all cells; involved in the production of proteins by translating messenger RNA. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/rice_cooker__Noun__1
written_rep: rice cooker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 电饭锅
sense_list:
A kitchen appliance which is designed to cook rice, through either boiling or steaming it. It may also be used as a steam cooker for other foods.


lexentry: eng/rice_paper__Noun__1
written_rep: rice paper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 米紙
sense_list:
A thin, fragile paper made from parts of the rice plant, used in artificial flowers and watercolour art.


lexentry: eng/rich__Adjective__1
written_rep: rich
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 12
trans_list: 富的
sense_list:
Of a fuel-air mixture: having more fuel (thus less air) than is necessary to burn all of the fuel; less air- or oxygen- rich than necessary for a stoichiometric reaction.


lexentry: eng/rich_kid__Noun__1
written_rep: rich kid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 草莓
sense_list:
(US, informal, somewhat, pejorative) A child, adolescent or young adult from a wealthy family, especially one who flaunts his or her wealth or privilege.


lexentry: eng/rickets__Noun__1
written_rep: rickets
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 佝偻病
sense_list:
(pathology) A disorder of infancy and early childhood due to a deficiency of vitamin D, causing soft or weak bones.


lexentry: eng/rid__Verb__1
written_rep: rid
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 放
sense_list:
(now, only, _, reflexive) Often followed by from, of, or out of: to free or release, or to rescue or save, (oneself or someone, or something).


lexentry: eng/ride__Verb__1
written_rep: ride
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 騎
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To transport oneself by sitting on and directing a horse, later also a bicycle etc. [from 8th c., transitive usage from 9th c.]


lexentry: eng/ride__Verb__1
written_rep: ride
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 骑
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To be transported in a vehicle; to travel as a passenger. [from 9th c., transitive usage from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/ridicule__Verb__1
written_rep: ridicule
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 嘲笑
sense_list:
(transitive) To criticize or disapprove of someone or something through scornful jocularity; to make fun of.


lexentry: eng/rigger__Noun__1
written_rep: rigger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: 拖拉机
sense_list:
A long, slender, pointed sable paintbrush for making fine lines, etc.; said to be so called from its use for drawing the lines of the rigging of ships.


lexentry: eng/right-wing__Adjective__1
written_rep: right-wing
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 右
sense_list:
(politics) Of political ideologies: typically supporting tradition, social order and property rights, especially conservative, traditionalist, and/or reactionary politics.


lexentry: eng/right__Adjective__1
written_rep: right
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: 右
sense_list:
(geography) Designating the bank of a river (etc.) on one's right when facing downstream (i.e. facing forward while floating with the current); that is, the south bank of a river that flows eastward. If this arrow: ⥴ shows the direction of the current, the tilde is on the right side of the river.


lexentry: eng/right__Noun__1
written_rep: right
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 右
sense_list:
The right side or direction. | (politics) The ensemble of right-wing political parties; political conservatives as a group.


lexentry: eng/right_fielder__Noun__1
written_rep: right fielder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 右外野手
sense_list:
(baseball) The outfield defensive player that stands to the right of the field as viewed from home plate.


lexentry: eng/right_of_way__Noun__1
written_rep: right of way
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 首位
sense_list:
(uncountable) The right to proceed first in traffic, on land, on water or in the air. Also in metaphorical senses. | (countable) A legal right of passage over another's land or pathways. | (fencing, uncountable) The priority granted to the first person to properly execute an attack.


lexentry: eng/rigidity__Noun__1
written_rep: rigidity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 剛度
sense_list:
The quality or state of being rigid; lack of pliability; the quality of resisting change of physical shape


lexentry: eng/riichi__Noun__1
written_rep: riichi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 立直
sense_list:
(Japanese, _, mahjong) A yaku (scoring condition) and 1000-point bet made by declaring the hand to be ready, waiting for one more tile to win. | (Japanese, _, mahjong) A call for such a bet.


lexentry: eng/rime__Noun__1
written_rep: rime
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 雾凇
sense_list:
Archaic in the form rimes: originally, any frozen dew forming a white deposit on exposed surfaces; hoar frost (sense 1).


lexentry: eng/ring_binder__Noun__1
written_rep: ring binder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 书包
sense_list:
A folder in which punched pieces of paper may be held by means of clamps running through the holes in the paper.


lexentry: eng/ring_finger__Noun__1
written_rep: ring finger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 无名指
sense_list:
The finger between the middle finger and the little finger; the "third finger" (UK) or the "fourth finger" (US), especially of the left hand. (The ring finger is the left hand; a ring finger is either hand.)


lexentry: eng/ring_road__Noun__1
written_rep: ring road
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 環路 | 繞城公路
sense_list:
(chiefly, Australia, New Zealand, UK) A circumferential highway around a town, city, or other conurbation.


lexentry: eng/ringleader__Noun__1
written_rep: ringleader
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 老板
sense_list:
A leader of a group of people, especially an unofficial group. | A person who starts and leads a disturbance (such as a riot), a conspiracy, or a criminal gang.


lexentry: eng/rinse__Verb__1
written_rep: rinse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 冲洗
sense_list:
(transitive) To wash (something) quickly using water and no soap. | (transitive) To remove soap from (something) using water.


lexentry: eng/riot__Noun__1
written_rep: riot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 骚乱
sense_list:
A tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by a large group of people, often involving violence or damage to property.


lexentry: eng/rip__Verb__1
written_rep: rip
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 撕
sense_list:
(transitive) To divide or separate the parts of (especially something flimsy, such as paper or fabric), by cutting or tearing; to tear off or out by violence. | (intransitive, figurative) To move quickly and destructively.


lexentry: eng/rip_off__Verb__1
written_rep: rip off
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 詐取
sense_list:
(transitive, slang) To cheat or swindle, especially by charging an excessively high or unfair price.


lexentry: eng/ripe__Adjective__1
written_rep: ripe
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 成熟
sense_list:
(of fruits, vegetables, seeds etc.) Ready for reaping or gathering; having attained perfection; mature. | (of foods) Advanced to the state of fitness for use; mellow. | (figuratively) Having attained its full development; mature; perfected. | (archaic) Maturated or suppurated; ready to discharge. (said of sores, tumors, etc.)


lexentry: eng/ripen__Verb__1
written_rep: ripen
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 看见
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause (something) to mature; to make ripe | (transitive) To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to perfection


lexentry: eng/rise__Noun__1
written_rep: rise
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 个子
sense_list:
(chiefly, UK, also, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa) An increase in a quantity, price, etc.


lexentry: eng/rise__Verb__1
written_rep: rise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 增加
sense_list:
(of a celestial body) To appear to move upwards from behind the horizon of a planet as a result of the planet's rotation.


lexentry: eng/rite_of_passage__Noun__1
written_rep: rite of passage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 通過儀禮
sense_list:
(cultural anthropology) A ceremony or series of ceremonies, often very ritualized, to celebrate a passage or transition from one stage of a person's life to another.


lexentry: eng/rival__Noun__1
written_rep: rival
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 對手
sense_list:
A competitor (person, team, company, etc.) with the same goal as another, or striving to attain the same thing. Defeating a rival may be a primary or necessary goal of a competitor. | Someone or something with similar claims of quality or distinction as another.


lexentry: eng/river__Noun__1
written_rep: river
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 河 | 川
sense_list:
A large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea.


lexentry: eng/river_red_gum__Noun__1
written_rep: river red gum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 赤桉
sense_list:
(Australia) A red gum tree of species Eucalyptus camaldulensis (syn. E. rostrata Schltdl., nom. illeg.).


lexentry: eng/road__Noun__1
written_rep: road
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 路
sense_list:
A way used for travelling between places, originally one wide enough to allow foot passengers and horses to travel, now (US) usually one surfaced with asphalt or concrete and designed to accommodate many vehicles travelling in both directions. In the UK both senses are heard: a country road is the same as a country lane. [from 16th c.] | (figuratively) A path chosen, as in life or career. [from 17th c.] | (nautical, usually, in the plural) A partly sheltered area of water near a shore in which vessels may ride at anchor; a roadstead. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/roar__Verb__1
written_rep: roar
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 哮
sense_list:
(intransitive) To make a loud, deep cry, especially from pain, anger, or other strong emotion. | Of animals (especially a lion), to make a loud deep noise. | Generally, of inanimate objects etc., to make a loud resounding noise. | To make a loud noise in breathing, as horses do when they have a certain disease.


lexentry: eng/roast__Verb__1
written_rep: roast
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 火
sense_list:
To heat to excess; to heat violently; to burn. | (transitive, figuratively) To admonish someone vigorously.


lexentry: eng/rob__Verb__1
written_rep: rob
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 偷
sense_list:
(transitive) To steal from, especially using force or violence. | (transitive) To deprive of, or withhold from, unjustly or injuriously; to defraud. | (transitive, slang) To burgle.


lexentry: eng/robot__Noun__2
written_rep: robot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 机器人
sense_list:
(chiefly, science fiction) An intelligent mechanical being designed to look like a human or other creature, and usually made from metal. [from 20th c.] | A machine built to carry out some complex task or group of tasks by physically moving, especially one which can be programmed. [from 20th c.] | (figuratively) A person who does not seem to have any emotions or individuality. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/rock__Noun__1
written_rep: rock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 岩石
sense_list:
(uncountable) The naturally occurring aggregate of solid mineral matter that constitutes a significant part of the earth's crust.


lexentry: eng/rock_climbing__Noun__1
written_rep: rock climbing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 攀岩
sense_list:
The sport of the sport of climbing on rocks or in mountains, or on specially designed walls inside or outdoors.


lexentry: eng/rock_music__Noun__1
written_rep: rock music
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 摇滚乐
sense_list:
(music) A broad genre of popular music, including especially those styles ultimately derived from rock and roll, employing electrical amplification, heavy use of guitars, 4/4 time with strong percussive rhythm on beats two and four (backbeat), and usually themes of bold wildness, rebellion, and sexuality.


lexentry: eng/rock_paper_scissors__Noun__1
written_rep: rock paper scissors
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[石頭、剪子、布]]
sense_list:
(hand game) A popular children's game using three hand signs representing rock, paper and scissors, frequently used as a tiebreaker.


lexentry: eng/rocket__Noun__1
written_rep: rocket
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 火箭
sense_list:
A long vehicle or craft propelled by a rocket engine; a missile or rocket-propelled spacecraft. [from 20th c.] | An engine operating similarly to the pyrotechnic, generating thrust by the expulsion of hot gases; a rocket engine. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/rocket_scientist__Noun__1
written_rep: rocket scientist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 头
sense_list:
(hyperbolic, idiom, chiefly in the negative) One qualified to handle or understand things which are very complex or confusing; a very intelligent person.


lexentry: eng/rococo__Noun__1
written_rep: rococo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 洛可可
sense_list:
(uncountable) A style of baroque architecture and decorative art, from 18th-century France, having elaborate ornamentation.


lexentry: eng/rod__Noun__1
written_rep: rod
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 饭
sense_list:
A stick, pole, or bundle of switches or twigs (such as a birch), used for personal defense or to administer corporal punishment by whipping.


lexentry: eng/rod__Noun__1
written_rep: rod
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: 钓竿
sense_list:
An implement held vertically and viewed through an optical surveying instrument such as a transit, used to measure distance in land surveying and construction layout; an engineer's rod, surveyor's rod, surveying rod, leveling rod, ranging rod. The modern (US) engineer's or surveyor's rod commonly is eight or ten feet long and often designed to extend higher. In former times a surveyor's rod often was a single wooden pole or composed of multiple sectioned and socketed pieces, and besides serving as a sighting target was used to measure distance on the ground horizontally, hence for convenience was of one rod or pole in length, that is, 5+1⁄2 yards.


lexentry: eng/rod__Noun__1
written_rep: rod
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: 手杖
sense_list:
A straight bar that unites moving parts of a machine, for holding parts together as a connecting rod or for transferring power as a driveshaft.


lexentry: eng/rodent__Noun__1
written_rep: rodent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 啮齿目动物
sense_list:
A mammal of the order Rodentia, characterized by long incisors that grow continuously and are worn down by gnawing.


lexentry: eng/roe_deer__Noun__1
written_rep: roe deer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 狍子
sense_list:
A small, nimble Eurasian deer with no visible tail, a white rump patch, and a reddish summer coat that turns grey in winter, the male having short three-pointed antlers (Capreolus capreolus and Capreolus pygargus).


lexentry: eng/roger__Interjection__1
written_rep: roger
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 了解
sense_list:
(radio, _, telecommunications, procedure word) Received (used in radio communications to acknowledge that a message has been received and understood)


lexentry: eng/role__Noun__1
written_rep: role
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 角
sense_list:
A character or part played by a performer or actor. | The expected behaviour of an individual in a society. | The function or position of something.


lexentry: eng/roleplaying_game__Noun__1
written_rep: roleplaying game
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 角色扮演游戏
sense_list:
(games) A type of game where one or more players assume the roles of characters (usually one each) to interact with a fictional world either defined by themselves or through the moderation of a neutral judge (usually referred to as the game master).


lexentry: eng/roll__Noun__1
written_rep: roll
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 圆柱体
sense_list:
One of a set of revolving cylinders, or rollers, between which metal is pressed, formed, or smoothed, as in a rolling mill.


lexentry: eng/roll__Noun__1
written_rep: roll
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: 資產負債表
sense_list:
(nautical, aviation) The oscillating movement of a nautical vessel as it rotates from side to side, about its fore-and-aft axis, causing its sides to go up and down, as distinguished from the alternate rise and fall of bow and stern called pitching; or the equivalent in an aircraft.


lexentry: eng/roll__Verb__1
written_rep: roll
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 滚转
sense_list:
(ergative) To revolve by turning over and over; to move by turning on a horizontal axis; to impel forward with a revolving motion on a supporting surface. | (ergative) To wrap (something) round on itself; to form into a spherical or cylindrical body by causing to turn over and over. | (transitive) To bind or involve by winding, as with a bandage; to enwrap; often with up. | (ergative, sometimes, figurative) To drive, impel, or flow onward with a steady, wave-like motion.


lexentry: eng/roll__Verb__1
written_rep: roll
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 12
trans_list: 呵责
sense_list:
(ergative) To turn over in one's mind, as of deep thoughts; to (cause to) be considered thoroughly. | (programming) To perform an operation similar to a bit shift, but with the bit that "falls off the end" being wrapped around to the other end. | (intransitive) To make a loud or heavy rumbling noise.


lexentry: eng/roll_call__Noun__1
written_rep: roll call
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 点名
sense_list:
The reading aloud of a list of names, and subsequent responses, in order to determine who is present or absent. | (by extension) The subset of those members of a specific group who are present or available out of the full set of all the members of said group.


lexentry: eng/roll_out__Verb__1
written_rep: roll out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 部署
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive) To deploy or release (a new film or software, etc.); to launch (a product or service), especially in a gradual fashion across multiple regions.


lexentry: eng/roll_up_one's_sleeves__Verb__1
written_rep: roll up one's sleeves
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 准备工作
sense_list:
(informal, idiomatic) To prepare to work. | Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see roll,‎ up,‎ one's,‎ sleeves.


lexentry: eng/rolling_pin__Noun__1
written_rep: rolling pin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 擀面杖
sense_list:
A food preparation utensil consisting of a cylinder with a handle at each end, used to flatten dough.


lexentry: eng/romantic__Adjective__1
written_rep: romantic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 浪漫
sense_list:
Fantastic, unrealistic (of an idea etc.); fanciful, sentimental, impractical (of a person). [from 17th c.] | Having the qualities of romance (in the sense of something appealing deeply to the imagination); invoking on a powerfully sentimental idea of life; evocative, atmospheric. [from 17th c.] | Pertaining to an idealised form of love (originally, as might be felt by the heroes of a romance); conducive to romance; loving, affectionate. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/rooibos__Noun__1
written_rep: rooibos
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 博士茶
sense_list:
The tisane (herbal tea) made from this plant. | (South Africa) Various shrubs of the genus Combretum.


lexentry: eng/rook__Noun__2
written_rep: rook
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 車
sense_list:
(chess) A piece shaped like a castle tower, that can be moved only up, down, left or right (but not diagonally) or in castling.


lexentry: eng/room_temperature__Noun__1
written_rep: room temperature
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 常温
sense_list:
A normal temperature of a room in which people live; typically 20 to 23°C (68 to 73°F); neither heated nor cooled.


lexentry: eng/rooster__Noun__1
written_rep: rooster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 公鸡
sense_list:
(North America, Kent, Australia, NZ) A male domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) or other gallinaceous bird.


lexentry: eng/root__Noun__1
written_rep: root
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 根
sense_list:
The part of a plant, generally underground, that anchors and supports the plant body, absorbs and stores water and nutrients, and in some plants is able to perform vegetative reproduction. | The part of a tooth extending into the bone holding the tooth in place. | The part of a hair under the skin that holds the hair in place. | (figurative) The primary source; origin. | (arithmetic) Of a number or expression, a number which, when raised to a specified power, yields the specified number or expression. | (analysis) A zero (of an equation). | (linguistic morphology) The primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Inflectional stems often derive from roots. | (philology) A word from which another word or words are derived.


lexentry: eng/rootstock__Noun__1
written_rep: rootstock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 馬
sense_list:
(agriculture) A healthy and vigorous-rooted plant that is used in grafting, most commonly as a sound base to support a scion that bears desirable fruit in orchard culture.


lexentry: eng/rope__Noun__1
written_rep: rope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 绳子
sense_list:
(uncountable) Thick strings, yarn, monofilaments, metal wires, or strands of other cordage that are twisted together to form a stronger line. | (computer science) A data structure resembling a string, using a concatenation tree in which each leaf represents a character.


lexentry: eng/rosary__Noun__1
written_rep: rosary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 念珠
sense_list:
Prayer beads, a string of beads used to keep track of repetitions in prayer, particularly of the Roman Catholic Marian prayer "Hail Mary" (Ave Maria).


lexentry: eng/rosehip__Noun__1
written_rep: rosehip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 蔷薇果
sense_list:
The fleshy false fruit of a wild rose plant (e.g. sweetbrier, dog rose, burnet rose, etc.), containing the achenes or true fruits.


lexentry: eng/rosemary__Noun__1
written_rep: rosemary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 迷迭香
sense_list:
A shrub, Salvia rosmarinus (formerly Rosmarinus officinalis), that originates from Europe and Asia Minor and produces a fragrant herb used in cooking and perfumes.


lexentry: eng/rosette__Noun__1
written_rep: rosette
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 插座
sense_list:
(architecture) An element or ornament resembling a rose, especially on a wall or other surface, mostly for decorative purposes. | An imitation of a rose made of ribbon or other material, worn as an ornament or symbol, especially:


lexentry: eng/rosewater__Noun__1
written_rep: rosewater
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 玫瑰香水
sense_list:
A liquid produced by steeping rose petals in water, used as a coloring agent and a flavoring ingredient in certain foods.


lexentry: eng/rosin__Noun__1
written_rep: rosin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 松香
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) A solid form of resin, obtained from liquid resin by vaporizing its volatile components.


lexentry: eng/rotation__Noun__1
written_rep: rotation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 圈
sense_list:
(finance) Тhe movement of investments between different sectors of an economy, or styles of investing, based on anticipated changes in the economic or market cycle.


lexentry: eng/rotten_borough__Noun__1
written_rep: rotten borough
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 口袋選區
sense_list:
(historical) A parliamentary borough that was represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly that they were largely controlled by the main landowner; such boroughs were abolished in the 19th century. [from mid 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/rouille__Noun__1
written_rep: rouille
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 锈
sense_list:
(cooking) A type of sauce from Provence, France, often served with fish dishes, consisting of egg yolk and olive oil with breadcrumbs, chili peppers, garlic, and saffron.


lexentry: eng/roulette__Noun__1
written_rep: roulette
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 輪盤
sense_list:
(uncountable) A game of chance in which a small ball is made to move round rapidly on a circle divided off into numbered (usually red and black) spaces. When the ball stops, it indicates the result of a variety of wagers permitted by the game.


lexentry: eng/round__Adjective__1
written_rep: round
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 圓形的
sense_list:
(physical) Of shape: | Circular or cylindrical; having a circular cross-section in one direction. | Complete, whole, not lacking.


lexentry: eng/round__Noun__1
written_rep: round
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 卡农
sense_list:
(countable, music) A song that is sung by groups of people with each subset of people starting at a different time.


lexentry: eng/round__Noun__1
written_rep: round
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 圈
sense_list:
A serving of something; a portion of something to each person in a group. | (sports) In some sports, e.g. golf or showjumping: one complete way around the course. | A brewer's vessel in which the fermentation is concluded, the yeast escaping through the bunghole.


lexentry: eng/round__Noun__1
written_rep: round
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 衝鋒
sense_list:
A single individual portion or dose of medicine. | A firearm cartridge, bullet, or any individual ammunition projectile. Originally referring to the spherical projectile ball of a smoothbore firearm. Compare round shot and solid shot.


lexentry: eng/round__Noun__1
written_rep: round
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 11
trans_list: 時間
sense_list:
(sports) One of the specified pre-determined segments of the total time of a sport event, such as a boxing or wrestling match, during which contestants compete before being signaled to stop. | A series of changes or events ending where it began; a series of like events recurring in continuance; a cycle; a periodical revolution.


lexentry: eng/round_robin__Noun__1
written_rep: round robin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 圆圈
sense_list:
(originally, US, sports, often, attributive) The part of a tournament in which every player or team competes against each of the others in turn. | A letter or piece of writing which is circulated among members of a group, to which each person makes a contribution before sending it to another person; also, a packet of letters circulated regularly in a fixed order among a group (often family members), whereby each person replaces their previous contribution with a new letter, and then sends the packet to the next recipient.


lexentry: eng/roundabout__Noun__1
written_rep: roundabout
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 環形交叉
sense_list:
(chiefly, UK, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Australia, and) A road junction at which traffic streams circularly around a central island.


lexentry: eng/roundabout__Noun__1
written_rep: roundabout
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 旋轉木馬
sense_list:
(chiefly, British) A horizontal wheel which rotates around a central axis when pushed and on which children ride, often found in parks as a children's play apparatus. | A fairground carousel.


lexentry: eng/rout__Noun__1
written_rep: rout
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 童黨
sense_list:
(countable) A group of (often violent) criminals or gangsters; such people as a class; (more generally) a disorderly and tumultuous crowd, a mob; hence (archaic, preceded by the) , the common people as a group, the rabble.


lexentry: eng/route__Noun__1
written_rep: route
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 道
sense_list:
A course or way which is traveled or passed. | (figuratively) One of multiple methods or approaches to doing something.


lexentry: eng/router__Noun__1
written_rep: router
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 路由器
sense_list:
(Internet) A device that connects local area networks to form a larger internet by, at minimum, selectively passing those datagrams having a destination IP address to the network which is able to deliver them to their destination; a network gateway.


lexentry: eng/routing__Noun__1
written_rep: routing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 路由
sense_list:
(networking) A method of finding paths from origins to destinations in a network such as the Internet, along which information can be passed.


lexentry: eng/row__Noun__1
written_rep: row
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 排
sense_list:
A line of objects, often regularly spaced, such as seats in a theatre, vegetable plants in a garden, etc.


lexentry: eng/rowan__Noun__1
written_rep: rowan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 花楸属
sense_list:
Any of various small deciduous trees or shrubs of genus Sorbus, belonging to the rose family, with pinnate leaves, corymbs of white flowers, and usually with orange-red berries.


lexentry: eng/royalism__Noun__1
written_rep: royalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 寫實主義
sense_list:
Impassioned allegiance to or advocacy of the establishment, maintenance, and/or interests of a particular king, royal house, or kingly dynasty; sometimes extended to the same of a non-royal (i.e., grand ducal, imperial, or other) family or sovereign; often contrasted with monarchism.


lexentry: eng/royalty__Noun__1
written_rep: royalty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 版权
sense_list:
A royal right or prerogative, such as the exploitation of a natural resource; the granting of such a right; payment received for such a right. | The payment received by an owner of real property for exploitation of mineral rights in the property.


lexentry: eng/rub__Verb__1
written_rep: rub
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 挠
sense_list:
(transitive) To move (one object) while maintaining contact with another object over some area, with pressure and friction. | (intransitive) To be rubbed against something. | To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; often with up or over.


lexentry: eng/rubber__Noun__1
written_rep: rubber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 橡皮
sense_list:
(uncountable, countable) Pliable material derived from the sap of the rubber tree; a hydrocarbon biopolymer of isoprene. | (uncountable, countable) Natural rubber or any of various synthetic materials with similar properties as natural rubber. | (countable, North America, slang) A condom, especially an external condom. | (countable, baseball) The rectangular pad on the pitcher's mound from which the pitcher must pitch. | (uncountable, slang) Tires, particularly racing tires.


lexentry: eng/rubbernecker__Noun__1
written_rep: rubbernecker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 热闹的人
sense_list:
(originally, US) A person who rubbernecks; someone who cranes their neck as though it were made of rubber to see something (such as a tourist attraction) or to watch an event (such as an accident); a rubberneck.


lexentry: eng/rubella__Noun__1
written_rep: rubella
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 風疹
sense_list:
(pathology) A mild disease caused by the Rubella virus infecting the respiratory tract, and characterised by a rash of pink dots, fever and swollen lymph nodes.


lexentry: eng/rubidium__Noun__1
written_rep: rubidium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 銣 | 铷
sense_list:
(uncountable) The chemical element (symbol Rb) with an atomic number of 37. It is a soft, highly reactive alkali metal.


lexentry: eng/ruble__Noun__1
written_rep: ruble
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 卢布
sense_list:
The monetary unit of Russia, Belarus and Transnistria equal to 100 kopeks (Russian: копе́йка, Belarusian: капе́йка). The Russian ruble's symbol is ₽.


lexentry: eng/rubric__Noun__1
written_rep: rubric
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 字条
sense_list:
A title of a category or a class. | (education) A set of scoring criteria for evaluating student work and for giving feedback.


lexentry: eng/ruby__Noun__1
written_rep: ruby
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 红宝石 | 紅寶石
sense_list:
(uncountable, printing, UK, dated) The size of type between pearl and nonpareil, standardized as 5½-point.


lexentry: eng/rudder__Noun__1
written_rep: rudder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 舵
sense_list:
(nautical) An underwater vane used to steer a vessel. The rudder is controlled by means of a wheel, tiller or other apparatus (modern vessels can be controlled even with a joystick or an autopilot). | (aeronautics) A control surface on the vertical stabilizer of a fixed-wing aircraft or an autogyro. On some craft, the entire vertical stabilizer comprises the rudder. The rudder is controlled by foot-operated control pedals.


lexentry: eng/rudimentary__Adjective__1
written_rep: rudimentary
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 基本的
sense_list:
Of or relating to one or more rudiments. | Basic; minimal; with less than, or only the minimum, necessary.


lexentry: eng/rue__Noun__2
written_rep: rue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 芸香
sense_list:
Any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta, especially the herb Ruta graveolens (common rue), formerly used in medicines.


lexentry: eng/rue__Verb__1
written_rep: rue
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 后悔
sense_list:
(transitive) To repent of or regret (some past action or event); to wish that a past action or event had not taken place.


lexentry: eng/ruff__Noun__1
written_rep: ruff
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 襞襟
sense_list:
A circular frill or ruffle on a garment, especially a starched, fluted frill at the neck in Elizabethan and Jacobean England (1560s–1620s).


lexentry: eng/rug__Noun__1
written_rep: rug
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 毯子
sense_list:
(UK, Australia) A (usually thick) piece of fabric used for warmth (especially on a bed); a blanket. [1591]


lexentry: eng/rugby__Noun__1
written_rep: rugby
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 橄榄球
sense_list:
A form of football in which players can hold or kick an ovoid ball; rugby football. The ball cannot be handled forwards and points are scored by touching the ball to the ground in the area past the opponent's territory or by kicking the ball between goalposts and over a crossbar.


lexentry: eng/ruin__Noun__1
written_rep: ruin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 毀滅
sense_list:
(countable, sometimes, in the plural) The remains of a destroyed or dilapidated construction, such as a house or castle.


lexentry: eng/ruin__Verb__1
written_rep: ruin
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 破坏
sense_list:
To destroy or render something no longer usable or operable. | To upset or overturn the plans or progress of, or to have a disastrous effect on something. | To reveal the ending of (a story); to spoil.


lexentry: eng/rule_of_law__Noun__1
written_rep: rule of law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 法治国家
sense_list:
(legal, often, capitalized) The doctrine that no individual is above the law and that everyone must answer to it.


lexentry: eng/ruler__Noun__1
written_rep: ruler
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 直尺
sense_list:
A (usually rigid), flat, rectangular measuring or drawing device with graduations in units of measurement; a straightedge with markings.


lexentry: eng/rummer__Noun__1
written_rep: rummer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 罗马
sense_list:
A large drinking-glass for alcoholic drinks, chiefly wine, typically with a short or heavy stem. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/rumor__Noun__1
written_rep: rumor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 传说
sense_list:
(countable) A statement or claim of questionable accuracy, from no known reliable source, usually spread by word of mouth.


lexentry: eng/run__Verb__1
written_rep: run
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 跑
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause to move quickly or lightly. | (intransitive, figuratively) To move or spread quickly. | To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine. | To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company.


lexentry: eng/run_after__Verb__1
written_rep: run after
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 跑
sense_list:
To follow quickly, often in an effort to catch or catch up with (someone or something). | To make a determined effort to win someone's affections or to have a sexual relationship with them.


lexentry: eng/run_around__Verb__1
written_rep: run around
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 跑
sense_list:
(idiomatic, intransitive) To be very busy doing many different things. | (slang) To cheat; to be unfaithful to a romantic partner.


lexentry: eng/run_errands__Verb__1
written_rep: run errands
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 买菜
sense_list:
To undertake a journey to complete multiple small tasks of low importance, usually for household or business matters.


lexentry: eng/run_for_one's_money__Noun__1
written_rep: run for one's money
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 难题
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A difficult challenge for the person indicated, especially one involving a competitive situation.


lexentry: eng/run_into__Verb__1
written_rep: run into
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: 碰到
sense_list:
(intransitive, _, but with prepositional object, by extension) To unexpectedly encounter or meet someone or something (literally or figuratively).


lexentry: eng/run_through__Verb__1
written_rep: run through
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 11
trans_list: 喷
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive, of a train) To have a route that goes through an area; to continue through an area; to complete a route.


lexentry: eng/runaway__Adjective__1
written_rep: runaway
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 持不同政见者
sense_list:
(informal) Deserting or revolting against one's group, duties, expected conduct, or the like, especially to establish or join a rival group, change one's life drastically, etc.


lexentry: eng/runaway__Noun__1
written_rep: runaway
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 逃亡者
sense_list:
A person or animal that runs away or has run away; a person, animal, or organization that escapes captivity or restrictions.


lexentry: eng/running__Noun__1
written_rep: running
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 奔
sense_list:
The action of the verb to run. | The activity of running as a form of exercise, as a sport, or for any other reason. | (physics) The dependence of measured value, typically a coupling constant, on the energy scale at which it is probed due to higher-order interaction terms and associated renormalization issues becoming relevant; metaphorically, the "running" of the measurement from its limiting macroscopic value.


lexentry: eng/runt__Noun__1
written_rep: runt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: 矮人
sense_list:
(typography) A single word (or portion of a hyphenated word) that appears as the last line of a paragraph.


lexentry: eng/runway__Noun__1
written_rep: runway
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 船桥
sense_list:
A narrow walkway (often on a platform) extending from a stage on which people walk, especially one used by models during fashion shows.


lexentry: eng/rupee__Noun__1
written_rep: rupee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 盧比
sense_list:
The common name for the monetary currencies used in modern India, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, the Seychelles, or Sri Lanka. | (video games) The primary currency of Hyrule.


lexentry: eng/rush__Verb__1
written_rep: rush
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 跑
sense_list:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To hurry; to perform a task with great haste, often not properly or without thinking carefully. | (intransitive) To flow or move forward rapidly or noisily.


lexentry: eng/rust__Noun__1
written_rep: rust
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 锈 | 銹
sense_list:
The deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation; it consists mostly of iron(III) oxide (ferric oxide) and iron(II) oxide (ferrous oxide).


lexentry: eng/rutile__Noun__1
written_rep: rutile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 金红石
sense_list:
(mineral) The most frequent of the three polymorphs of titanium dioxide, crystalizing in the tetragonal system, TiO2.


lexentry: eng/sable__Noun__1
written_rep: sable
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: 黑
sense_list:
(tincture) A black colour on a coat of arms. | (countable, and, uncountable) A dark brown colour, resembling the fur of some sables.


lexentry: eng/sabot__Noun__1
written_rep: sabot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: 木鞋
sense_list:
A carrier around a projectile in a firearm, cannon or other type of artillery piece that precisely holds the projectile within the barrel.


lexentry: eng/sabotage__Noun__1
written_rep: sabotage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 陰謀破壞
sense_list:
A deliberate action aimed at weakening someone (or something, a nation, etc) or preventing them from being successful, through subversion, obstruction, disruption, and/or destruction.


lexentry: eng/saboteur__Noun__1
written_rep: saboteur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 蓄意破坏者
sense_list:
A person who intentionally causes the destruction of property in order to hinder the efforts of their enemy.


lexentry: eng/sabre-toothed_tiger__Noun__1
written_rep: sabre-toothed tiger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 剑齿虎
sense_list:
Any of numerous species of extinct cat-like mammals, of the †Machairodontinae subfamily of the Felidae, characterized by massive, but short, legs and two large canine teeth, each about seven inches long and shaped like a sabre.


lexentry: eng/sabre__Noun__1
written_rep: sabre
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 佩劍
sense_list:
(British spelling, Canadian spelling) A light sword with a curved blade, sharp along the front edge, part of the back edge, and at the point. | (British spelling, Canadian spelling, fencing) A modern fencing sword modeled after the sabre.


lexentry: eng/saccharide__Noun__1
written_rep: saccharide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 糖剂
sense_list:
(carbohydrate) The unit structure of carbohydrates, of general formula CnH2nOn. Either the simple sugars or polymers such as starch and cellulose. The saccharides exist in either a ring or short chain conformation, and typically contain five or six carbon atoms.


lexentry: eng/saccharin__Noun__1
written_rep: saccharin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 糖精
sense_list:
(chemistry) A white, crystalline powder, C7H5NO3S, used as an artificial sweetener in food products.


lexentry: eng/saccharine__Adjective__1
written_rep: saccharine
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: 糖精
sense_list:
(figurative, derogatory) Excessively sweet in action or disposition, especially if romantic or sentimental to the point of ridiculousness; sickly sweet, syrupy.


lexentry: eng/sack__Noun__1
written_rep: sack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 袋
sense_list:
A bag; especially a large bag of strong, coarse material for storage and handling of various commodities, such as potatoes, coal, coffee; or, a bag with handles used at a supermarket, a grocery sack; or, a small bag for small items, a satchel.


lexentry: eng/sacrament__Noun__1
written_rep: sacrament
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: 聖事
sense_list:
(Christianity) A sacred act and the attendant ceremony, considered (theology) an outward sign of divine grace, instituted by Jesus Christ. | (by extension) Anything regarded as possessing a sacred character or mysterious significance.


