# translation

lexentry: eng/carbonated__Adjective__1
written_rep: carbonated
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: газиро́ванный
sense_list:
Containing carbon dioxide gas under pressure, especially pertaining to beverages, as natural mineral water or man-made drinks.


lexentry: eng/carbonated_water__Noun__1
written_rep: carbonated water
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: газиро́ванная вода́ | газиро́вка
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Water that contains carbon dioxide dissolved in it under pressure and is intended for drinking.


lexentry: eng/carbonic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: carbonic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: у́гольная кислота́ | углекислота́
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) A weak unstable acid, H2CO3, known only in solution, and as carbonate salts; it is present in carbonated drinks, and sparkling wine, but decomposes to form carbon dioxide and water.


lexentry: eng/carboxyl__Noun__1
written_rep: carboxyl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: карбоксильная группа
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) A univalent functional group consisting of a carbonyl and a hydroxyl functional group (-CO.OH); characteristic of carboxylic acids.


lexentry: eng/carbuncle__Noun__1
written_rep: carbuncle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: карбункул
sense_list:
(pathology) An abscess larger than a boil, usually with one or more openings draining pus onto the skin. It is usually caused by staphylococcal infection.


lexentry: eng/carburetor__Noun__1
written_rep: carburetor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: карбюра́тор | карбюратор
sense_list:
(US, Canada) A device in an internal combustion engine where fuel is vaporized and mixed with air prior to ignition. [from 1890s]


lexentry: eng/carcinoma__Noun__1
written_rep: carcinoma
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: карцино́ма | карцинома
sense_list:
(countable) An invasive malignant tumour derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body.


lexentry: eng/cardamom__Noun__1
written_rep: cardamom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кардамо́н | кардамон
sense_list:
The Elettaria cardamomum, an Indian herb. | (uncommon, inexact) , the seeds or seed capsules of Aframomum melegueta, of East Africa.


lexentry: eng/cardboard_box__Noun__1
written_rep: cardboard box
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[картонный|карто́нная]] [[коро́бка]] | карто́нка
sense_list:
An industrially prefabricated box made from cardboard, primarily used for packaging goods or materials and often recycled. | A corrugated box. | (Cockney rhyming slang) Syphilis. | (slang, derogatory, uncommon) Someone who is very dull and uninteresting.


lexentry: eng/cardiac__Adjective__1
written_rep: cardiac
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кардиа́льный | серде́чный
sense_list:
(biology, medicine) Pertaining to the heart. | (biology, medicine) Pertaining to the cardia of the stomach; cardial (cardial is the usual adjective in this sense).


lexentry: eng/cardiac_arrest__Noun__1
written_rep: cardiac arrest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: остано́вка се́рдца
sense_list:
(cardiology, pathology) The sudden and complete cessation of the heartbeat resulting in the loss of effective circulation of the blood.


lexentry: eng/cardigan__Noun__1
written_rep: cardigan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кардига́н | ко́фта
sense_list:
A type of sweater or jumper that fastens up the front with buttons or a zipper, usually machine- or hand-knitted from wool.


lexentry: eng/cardinal__Adjective__1
written_rep: cardinal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: коли́чественный | кардинал
sense_list:
Describing a “natural” number used to indicate quantity (e.g., zero, one, two, three), as opposed to an ordinal number indicating relative position.


lexentry: eng/cardinal__Noun__1
written_rep: cardinal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кардина́л | кардинал
sense_list:
(Roman Catholic) One of the officials appointed by the pope in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking only below the pope, equal to the patriarchs, constituting the special college which elects the pope. | Any of various species of New-World passerine songbird in the genus Cardinalis, or in the family Cardinalidae more generally, or of similar appearance and once considered to be related to the former; so called because of their red plumage. (See Wikipedia article for taxonomical information.)


lexentry: eng/cardinal__Noun__1
written_rep: cardinal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: коли́чественное числи́тельное
sense_list:
(math) Ellipsis of cardinal number, a number indicating quantity, or the size of a set (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3). (See Cardinal_number.)


lexentry: eng/cardinal_flower__Noun__1
written_rep: cardinal flower
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лобелия пурпурная
sense_list:
Lobelia cardinalis (syn. L. fulgens), a species of lobelia native to the Americas, usually with vibrant red flowers.


lexentry: eng/cardinal_number__Noun__1
written_rep: cardinal number
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: кардина́льное число́ | мо́щность мно́жества
sense_list:
(mathematics) A generalized kind of number used to denote the size of a set, including infinite sets.


lexentry: eng/cardinal_tetra__Noun__1
written_rep: cardinal tetra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кардина́льская те́тра | кра́сный нео́н
sense_list:
A freshwater fish (Paracheirodon axelrodi, family Characidae), native to rivers in South America, popular as an aquarium fish.


lexentry: eng/cardioid__Noun__1
written_rep: cardioid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кардиоида
sense_list:
(geometry) An epicycloid with exactly one cusp; the plane curve with polar equation \rho = 1 + \cos\,\theta - approximately heart-shaped


lexentry: eng/cardiopulmonary_resuscitation__Noun__1
written_rep: cardiopulmonary resuscitation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: СЛР | серде́чно-лёгочная реанима́ция
sense_list:
A first aid procedure for cardiac arrest involving compression of the chest wall alternating with artificial respiration.


lexentry: eng/cardiovascular_disease__Noun__1
written_rep: cardiovascular disease
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: серде́чно-сосу́дистое заболева́ние
sense_list:
A disease involving the heart or blood vessels, i.e. arteries and veins, such as coronary heart disease.


lexentry: eng/cardoon__Noun__1
written_rep: cardoon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кардо́н | кардон
sense_list:
Any of species Cynara cardunculus of prickly perennial plants which has leaf stalks eaten as a vegetable, related to the artichoke.


lexentry: eng/care__Verb__1
written_rep: care
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: беспоко́иться | забо́титься
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive) To be concerned (about), to have an interest (in); to feel concern (about).


lexentry: eng/care_for__Verb__1
written_rep: care for
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: заботиться
sense_list:
(transitive, mostly, in the negative) To like or appreciate; to consider to be appealing, tasteful, or suitable.


lexentry: eng/careen__Verb__1
written_rep: careen
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: килева́ть | кренгова́ть | крени́ться | накрени́ться
sense_list:
(nautical, transitive) To heave a ship down on one side so as to expose the other, in order to clean it of barnacles and weed, or to repair it below the water line.


lexentry: eng/careerism__Noun__1
written_rep: careerism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: карьеризм
sense_list:
(derogatory) The overwhelming desire or urge to advance one's own career or social status, usually at the expense of other personal interests, social growth, or ethics. | (chiefly, US) The perception that being a member of the military is a career, rather than an obligation to serve one's country.


lexentry: eng/careless__Adjective__1
written_rep: careless
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: небре́жный | невнима́тельный | неради́вый
sense_list:
Not giving sufficient attention or thought, especially concerning the avoidance of harm or mistakes. [from 16thc.]


lexentry: eng/carer__Noun__1
written_rep: carer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: медбра́т | медсестра́ | ня́нька | ня́ня | сиде́лка | тот, кто [[ухаживать|уха́живает]]
sense_list:
(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) Someone who regularly looks after another person, either as a job or often through family responsibilities.


lexentry: eng/caress__Noun__1
written_rep: caress
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ла́ска
sense_list:
An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with tenderness. [from 1640s]


lexentry: eng/caretaker__Noun__1
written_rep: caretaker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: медсестра́ | ня́нька | ня́ня | сиде́лка | смотри́тель | смотри́тельница
sense_list:
Someone who takes care of a place or thing; someone looking after a place, or responsible for keeping it in good repair.


lexentry: eng/cargo_bike__Noun__1
written_rep: cargo bike
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[грузово́й]] [[велосипе́д]]
sense_list:
A bicycle designed for carrying large or heavy loads; by extension, any other pedal cycle such as a tricycle or quadricycle designed in this way.


lexentry: eng/cargo_hold__Noun__1
written_rep: cargo hold
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: трюм
sense_list:
(nautical) A hold on a ship (a ship's hold includes the forehold and stern hold), used to store cargo during a voyage.


lexentry: eng/carillon__Noun__1
written_rep: carillon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: карийо́н | карильо́н
sense_list:
(musical instrument) A set of bells, often in a bell tower, sometimes operated by means of a keyboard (manual or pedal), originating from the Low Countries.


lexentry: eng/caritive_case__Noun__1
written_rep: caritive case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: изъя́тельный паде́ж | лиши́тельный паде́ж
sense_list:
(grammatical case) A case used to express the lack or absence of something. It has the meaning of the English preposition "without." The caritive case is found in some Caucasian languages.


lexentry: eng/carnassial__Noun__1
written_rep: carnassial
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зуб | хищный
sense_list:
One of the teeth used by a carnivore for shearing flesh, being the last upper premolar and the first lower molar.


lexentry: eng/carnation__Noun__1
written_rep: carnation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гвозди́ка
sense_list:
(botany) A type of Eurasian plant widely cultivated for its flowers. | The type of flower they bear, originally flesh-coloured, but since hybridizing found in a variety of colours.


lexentry: eng/carnet__Noun__1
written_rep: carnet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абонемент
sense_list:
A ticket book, a collection of tickets in the form of a booklet often sold at a discount to single tickets.


lexentry: eng/carnivore__Noun__1
written_rep: carnivore
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мясое́д | плотоя́дное живо́тное | хи́щник
sense_list:
An organism that feeds chiefly on animals; an animal that feeds on meat as the main part of its diet.


lexentry: eng/carnyx__Noun__1
written_rep: carnyx
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: карникс
sense_list:
(brass instrument, historical) A bronze wind instrument used by Iron Age Celts (c. 200 B.C.E. – 200 C.E.) as a type of battle trumpet; held vertically when played, it was shaped like an elongated S with a mouthpiece at the lower end and a bell (often resembling an animal with an open mouth) at the upper end.


lexentry: eng/carom__Noun__1
written_rep: carom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: карамбо́ль
sense_list:
(countable, cue sports, especially billiards) A shot in which the ball struck with the cue comes in contact with two or more balls on the table; a hitting of two or more balls with the player's ball.


lexentry: eng/carotene__Noun__1
written_rep: carotene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кароти́н | каротин
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) A class of tetraterpene plant pigments; they vary in colour from yellow, through orange to red, this colour originating in a chain of alternating single and double bonds.


lexentry: eng/carotenoid__Noun__1
written_rep: carotenoid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: каротиноиды
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of yellow to red organic pigments including the carotenes and xanthophylls.


lexentry: eng/carotid__Noun__1
written_rep: carotid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: со́нная арте́рия
sense_list:
(anatomy) Either of the two main arteries that supply blood to the head of which the left in humans arises from the arch of the aorta and the right by bifurcation of the brachiocephalic artery with each passing up the side of the neck and dividing opposite the upper border of the thyroid cartilage into an external branch supplying the face, tongue, and external parts of the head and an internal branch supplying the brain, eye, and other internal parts of the head.


lexentry: eng/carp__Noun__1
written_rep: carp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: карп | саза́н
sense_list:
Any of various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae; specifically the common carp, Cyprinus carpio.


lexentry: eng/carpal_tunnel__Noun__1
written_rep: carpal tunnel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: канал запястья
sense_list:
(countable, anatomy) A fibro-osseous passageway on the palmar side of the wrist that connects the distal forearm to the middle compartment of the deep plane of the palm.


lexentry: eng/carpal_tunnel_syndrome__Noun__1
written_rep: carpal tunnel syndrome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: синдро́м запя́стного кана́ла
sense_list:
(neurology) form of repetitive strain injury caused by compression of the median nerve travelling through the carpal tunnel.


lexentry: eng/carpel__Noun__1
written_rep: carpel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: плодоли́стик
sense_list:
(botany) A constituent part of a flower pistil: the female reproductive organs in a flower. A carpel is composed of an ovary, a style, and a stigma, although some flowers have carpels without a distinct style. In origin, carpels are leaves (megasporophylls) that have evolved to enclose the ovules. A pistil may be composed of a single carpel or of several carpels fused together.


lexentry: eng/carpenter__Noun__1
written_rep: carpenter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пло́тник | столя́р | плотник
sense_list:
A person skilled at carpentry, the trade of cutting and joining timber in order to construct buildings or other structures. | (nautical) A senior rating in ships responsible for all the woodwork onboard; in the days of sail, a warrant officer responsible for the hull, masts, spars and boats of a ship, and whose responsibility was to sound the well to see if the ship was making water. | (zoology) A carpenter bee.


lexentry: eng/carpentry__Noun__1
written_rep: carpentry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пло́тничество | плотницкие работы | плотничье де́ло | столя́рничество
sense_list:
(uncountable) The trade of cutting and joining timber in order to construct buildings or other structures; woodworking.


lexentry: eng/carpet_beater__Noun__1
written_rep: carpet beater
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: выбива́лка для ковро́в
sense_list:
A tool for beating dust out of carpets, cushions, etc., used in housecleaning before the invention of the vacuum cleaner.


lexentry: eng/carpet_bombing__Noun__1
written_rep: carpet bombing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ковро́вая бомбардиро́вка | ковровая бомбардировка
sense_list:
Large area bombardment done in a progressive manner to inflict damage in every part of a selected area of land.


lexentry: eng/carpet_snake__Noun__1
written_rep: carpet snake
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ковро́вый пито́н
sense_list:
A harmless snake found in New Guinea and Australia, the carpet python (Morelia spilota) and its six to eight subspecies.


lexentry: eng/carpetbag__Noun__1
written_rep: carpetbag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: саквоя́ж
sense_list:
A traveling bag made from scraps of carpet and widely used in the United States (and elsewhere) in the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/carpetbagger__Noun__1
written_rep: carpetbagger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: саквояжник
sense_list:
(pejorative, by extension) One who comes to a place or organisation with which they have no previous connection with the sole or primary aim of personal gain, especially political or financial gain.


lexentry: eng/carport__Noun__1
written_rep: carport
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: наве́с для автомоби́ля
sense_list:
A roofed structure for automobile storage, usually attached to a house and not fully enclosed like a garage but with at least one side open to the outdoors. [from 1936]


lexentry: eng/carrack__Noun__1
written_rep: carrack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кара́кка | каракка
sense_list:
(historical) A large European sailing vessel of the 14th to 17th centuries similar to a caravel but square-rigged on the foremast and mainmast and lateen-rigged on the mizzenmast.


lexentry: eng/carriage__Noun__1
written_rep: carriage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: каре́та | воз | пово́зка | теле́га | экипа́ж
sense_list:
A (mostly four-wheeled) lighter vehicle chiefly designed to transport people, generally drawn by horse power.


lexentry: eng/carriage_return__Noun__1
written_rep: carriage return
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: вход
sense_list:
The key or lever that initiates the carriage return action (on a typewriter) or generates the carriage return character (on a computer).


lexentry: eng/carrier__Noun__1
written_rep: carrier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: носи́тель | перено́счик
sense_list:
(genetics, pathology) A person or other organism that has a genetic trait, mutation or infection liable to cause a disease, but displays no symptoms.


lexentry: eng/carrier_bag__Noun__1
written_rep: carrier bag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кулёк | паке́т | су́мка
sense_list:
(UK) A bag made of thin polythene or paper, generally used for carrying groceries or other purchased items.


lexentry: eng/carrier_pigeon__Noun__1
written_rep: carrier pigeon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: почто́вый го́лубь
sense_list:
A domestic pigeon which transports attached messages or very small parcels from the place where it is released to a familiar destination.


lexentry: eng/carrier_wave__Noun__1
written_rep: carrier wave
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: несу́щий сигна́л
sense_list:
(physics) A wave that can be modulated, either in amplitude, frequency, or phase, to carry or transmit images, music, speech, or other signals.


lexentry: eng/carrot__Noun__1
written_rep: carrot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: морковь | морко́вка | морко́вь | мо́рква | морква́
sense_list:
A vegetable with a nutritious, juicy, sweet root that is often orange in colour, Daucus carota, family Apiaceae, especially the subspecies sativus.


lexentry: eng/carry-on__Noun__1
written_rep: carry-on
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ручная кладь
sense_list:
That luggage or baggage which is taken onto an airplane (or a ferry, etc.) with a passenger, rather than checked.


lexentry: eng/carry__Verb__1
written_rep: carry
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: перенести́ | переноси́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, arithmetic) In an addition, to transfer the quantity in excess of what is countable in the units in a column to the column immediately to the left in order to be added there.


lexentry: eng/carry_oneself__Verb__1
written_rep: carry oneself
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: носить
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To behave, especially with respect to how one's speech, body language, facial expressions, and grooming convey one's opinion concerning oneself.


lexentry: eng/carrying-on__Noun__1
written_rep: carrying-on
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: Improper, immoral behavior
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
[[легкомысленный|легкомы́сленное]] [[поведе́ние]] | вы́ходки | выкрута́сы | фривольное [[поведе́ние]]


lexentry: eng/carrying_basket__Noun__1
written_rep: carrying basket
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: короб
sense_list:
A basket fitted with a strap or straps to allow it to be carried on the back with the carrier's arms free.


lexentry: eng/cart__Noun__1
written_rep: cart
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: воз | арба́ | пово́зка | теле́га
sense_list:
A small, open, wheeled vehicle, drawn or pushed by a person or animal, often with two wheels on one axle, more often used for transporting goods than passengers.


lexentry: eng/cartel__Noun__1
written_rep: cartel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: карте́ль | картель
sense_list:
(economics) A group of businesses or nations that collude to limit competition within an industry or market.


lexentry: eng/cartel__Noun__1
written_rep: cartel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: карте́ль
sense_list:
(historical, politics) A combination of political groups (notably parties) for common action. | (historical) A written letter of defiance or challenge. | (historical, legal) An official agreement concerning the exchange of prisoners.


lexentry: eng/cartilage__Noun__1
written_rep: cartilage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хрящ
sense_list:
(skeleton, uncountable) A usually translucent and somewhat elastic, dense, nonvascular connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract, in structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos, being replaced by bone during ossification in the higher vertebrates.


lexentry: eng/cartilaginous_fish__Noun__1
written_rep: cartilaginous fish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хрящева́я ры́ба
sense_list:
Any member of the taxonomic class Chondrichthyes, having a skeleton made of cartilage rather than bone. They can be contrasted with the Osteichthyes or bony fishes.


lexentry: eng/cartography__Noun__1
written_rep: cartography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: картогра́фия | картография
sense_list:
(uncountable) The creation of charts and maps based on the layout of a territory's geography. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/carton__Noun__1
written_rep: carton
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коро́бка | паке́т
sense_list:
An inexpensive, disposable box-like container fashioned from either paper, paper with wax-covering (wax paper), or other lightweight material.


lexentry: eng/cartouche__Noun__1
written_rep: cartouche
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: карту́ш
sense_list:
(Egyptology, hieroglyphs) An oval figure containing the characters of an important personal name, such as that of royal or divine people.


lexentry: eng/cartridge__Noun__1
written_rep: cartridge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: патро́н | патрон
sense_list:
(firearms) The package consisting of the bullet, primer, and casing containing gunpowder; a round of ammunition.


lexentry: eng/cartridge__Noun__1
written_rep: cartridge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ка́ртридж | картридж
sense_list:
(computing) A vessel which contains the ink or toner for a computer printer and can be easily replaced with another.


lexentry: eng/cartwheel__Noun__1
written_rep: cartwheel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колесо́
sense_list:
The wheel of a cart. | A gymnastic maneuver whereby the gymnast rotates to one side or the other while keeping arms and legs outstretched, spinning for one or more revolutions. | (US, historical, obsolete, _, slang) A silver dollar of the larger size produced before 1979.


lexentry: eng/carve__Verb__1
written_rep: carve
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: выреза́ть | высека́ть | разре́зать | разреза́ть | ре́зать
sense_list:
To shape to sculptural effect; to produce (a work) by cutting, or to cut (a material) into a finished work, especially with cuts that are curved rather than only straight slices. | To lay out; to contrive; to design; to plan.


lexentry: eng/caryatid__Noun__1
written_rep: caryatid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кариати́да | кариатида
sense_list:
A sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.


lexentry: eng/caryopsis__Noun__1
written_rep: caryopsis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: крупинка
sense_list:
(botany) A type of fruit in which the fruit skin is stuck to the seed coat; especially the grain of a cereal.


lexentry: eng/cascabel__Noun__1
written_rep: cascabel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гремучник
sense_list:
A small, round, hot variety of chili pepper, Capsicum annuum, which rattles when dry. | A knob at the end of a cannon, cast onto the gun breech, to which a heavy rope is attached in order to control recoil.


lexentry: eng/cascade__Noun__1
written_rep: cascade
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: каска́д
sense_list:
A series of electrical (or other types of) components, the output of any one being connected to the input of the next.


lexentry: eng/case__Noun__1
written_rep: case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: де́ло | слу́чай
sense_list:
A piece of work, specifically defined within a profession; the set of tasks involved in addressing the situation of a specific person or event.


lexentry: eng/case__Noun__2
written_rep: case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: витри́на
sense_list:
A piece of furniture, constructed partially of transparent glass or plastic, within which items can be displayed.


lexentry: eng/case__Noun__2
written_rep: case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: набо́рная ка́сса
sense_list:
(printing, historical) A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type, traditionally arranged in sets of two, the "upper case" (containing capitals, small capitals, accented) and "lower case" (small letters, figures, punctuation marks, quadrats, and spaces).


lexentry: eng/case__Noun__2
written_rep: case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: [[наборный|набо́рная]] [[ка́сса]]
sense_list:
(typography, by extension) The nature of a piece of alphabetic type, whether a “capital” (upper case) or “small” (lower case) letter.


lexentry: eng/case_closed__Phrase__1
written_rep: case closed
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: де́ло закры́то
sense_list:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see A case is closed; specifically, a police investigation or similar is resolved.


lexentry: eng/case_law__Noun__1
written_rep: case law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прецедентное право
sense_list:
Law developed by judges through court decisions and opinions, as distinct from statute and other legislation.


lexentry: eng/case_sensitive__Adjective__1
written_rep: case sensitive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: регистрозави́симый
sense_list:
(computer science) Distinguishing upper- and lower-case letters. Often used in computer science to indicate a distinction is made in comparison or equality of letters based on case. For example, a case-sensitive password will not recognize "Password" and "password" as the same, but a case insensitive comparison would.


lexentry: eng/case_study__Noun__1
written_rep: case study
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[уче́бный]] [[приме́р]]
sense_list:
(uncountable) Research performed in detail on a single individual, group, incident or community, as opposed to, for instance, a sample of the whole population.


lexentry: eng/casemate__Noun__1
written_rep: casemate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: казема́т | каземат
sense_list:
(military) A bombproof chamber, usually of masonry, in which cannon may be placed, to be fired through embrasures; or one capable of being used as a magazine, or for quartering troops.


lexentry: eng/cash-back__Noun__1
written_rep: cash-back
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кешбэк
sense_list:
The retail facility whereby a customer may withdraw an amount of cash when making a purchase with a credit card or debit card, the amount being added to the bill.


lexentry: eng/cash__Noun__1
written_rep: cash
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: нал | [[наличный|нали́чные]] [[де́ньги]] | де́ньги | кэш | нали́чка | нали́чные
sense_list:
(uncountable) Money in the form of notes or bills and coins, as opposed to checks, credit or electronic transactions.


lexentry: eng/cash_desk__Noun__1
written_rep: cash desk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ка́сса
sense_list:
A place in a restaurant, bar, or shop etc, typically containing a cash register, where a customer can pay the bill.


lexentry: eng/cash_in__Verb__1
written_rep: cash in
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: воспользоваться
sense_list:
(figurative) To profit from something; to take advantage of an opportunity in order to profit, especially financially.


lexentry: eng/cash_on_delivery__Noun__1
written_rep: cash on delivery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: наложенный платёж
sense_list:
A kind of transaction in which goods are paid for in full in cash or by certified check only once they are received by the buyer.


lexentry: eng/cash_register__Noun__1
written_rep: cash register
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[ка́ссовый]] [[аппара́т]] | ка́сса
sense_list:
A machine that tabulates the amount of sales transactions, makes a permanent and cumulative record of them, and has a drawer in which cash can be kept.


lexentry: eng/cashew__Noun__1
written_rep: cashew
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кешью́
sense_list:
A tree, Anacardium occidentale, native to northeastern Brazil, now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew nuts and cashew apples.


lexentry: eng/cashless__Adjective__1
written_rep: cashless
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: безнали́чный
sense_list:
Operating without the need for cash, such as by accepting nondigital, noncash forms of payment (e.g., chit, cheques, money orders) or (in the 21st century, usually) using digital payment methods (e-payment).


lexentry: eng/cask__Noun__1
written_rep: cask
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бо́чка | бочо́нок
sense_list:
A large barrel for the storage of liquid, especially of alcoholic drinks. (See a diagram of cask sizes.)


lexentry: eng/cassata_siciliana__Noun__1
written_rep: cassata siciliana
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: касса́та | сицилиа́нская касса́та
sense_list:
A rich cake, typical of Sicily, containing liqueur layered with ricotta, candied fruit and chocolate.


lexentry: eng/casserole__Noun__1
written_rep: casserole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кастрю́ля
sense_list:
(countable) A dish of glass or earthenware, with a lid, in which food is baked and sometimes served.


lexentry: eng/cassette__Noun__1
written_rep: cassette
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кассе́та | кассета
sense_list:
A small flat case containing magnetic tape on two reels, used to record and play back audio and video material.


lexentry: eng/cassock__Noun__1
written_rep: cassock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ря́са | сута́на
sense_list:
An item of clerical clothing: a long, sheath-like, close-fitting, ankle-length robe worn by clergy members of some Christian denominations. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/cassowary__Noun__1
written_rep: cassowary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: казуа́р | казуар
sense_list:
Any large flightless bird of the genus Casuarius that is native to Australia and New Guinea, has a characteristic bony crest on its head, and can be very dangerous.


lexentry: eng/cast__Noun__1
written_rep: cast
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: [[соста́в]] [[исполнитель|исполни́телей]] | в [[роль|роля́х]]
sense_list:
(art) The collective group of actors performing a play or production together. Contrasted with crew.


lexentry: eng/cast__Verb__1
written_rep: cast
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сбра́сывать | сбро́сить
sense_list:
(of an animal) To throw off (the skin) as a process of growth; to shed the hair or fur of the coat. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/cast__Verb__1
written_rep: cast
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: подсчи́тывать | подсчита́ть | посчита́ть | просумми́ровать | сумми́ровать | счита́ть
sense_list:
(dated, _, except in, _, accounting) To add up (a column of figures, accounts etc.); cross-cast refers to adding up a row of figures. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/cast__Verb__1
written_rep: cast
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: отли́ть | отлива́ть
sense_list:
To shape (molten metal etc.) by pouring into a mould; to make (an object) in such a way. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/cast__Verb__1
written_rep: cast
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: забра́сывать | забро́сить | заки́дывать | заки́нуть
sense_list:
(nautical) To bring the bows of a sailing ship on to the required tack just as the anchor is weighed by use of the headsail; to bring (a ship) round. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/cast_a_shadow__Verb__1
written_rep: cast a shadow
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: омрача́ть | омрачи́ть
sense_list:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see cast,‎ shadow. | (idiomatic, figuratively, of an event, often a tragic one) To dampen future events.


lexentry: eng/cast_off__Verb__1
written_rep: cast off
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: закрывать
sense_list:
(intransitive, knitting) To finish the last row of knitted stitches and remove them securely from the needle.


lexentry: eng/castanet__Noun__1
written_rep: castanet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кастанье́та | кастаньета
sense_list:
(musical instruments, chiefly, in the plural) A single handheld percussion instrument consisting of a pair of concave shells or shell-shaped parts joined on one edge by string.


lexentry: eng/caste__Noun__1
written_rep: caste
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ва́рна | ка́ста | каста
sense_list:
Any of the hereditary social classes and subclasses of South Asian societies or similar found historically in other cultures.


lexentry: eng/castellan__Noun__1
written_rep: castellan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: кастеля́н
sense_list:
(chiefly, _, historical) The governor or caretaker entrusted to oversee a castle or keep for its lord.


lexentry: eng/caster__Noun__1
written_rep: caster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: колёсико | ро́лик
sense_list:
(automotive) The angle of the axis around which a car's front wheels rotate when the steering wheel is turned, with a vertical axis being defined as zero caster.


lexentry: eng/caster_sugar__Noun__1
written_rep: caster sugar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: са́харная пу́дра
sense_list:
Granulated sugar that has been sifted to have a finer crystal size, so that it can be shaken out of the holes of a caster.


lexentry: eng/castigate__Verb__1
written_rep: castigate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: критикова́ть | осужда́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, formal) To execrate or condemn something in a harsh manner, especially by public criticism.


lexentry: eng/casting__Noun__1
written_rep: casting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ка́стинг | про́бы | прослу́шивание
sense_list:
The act or process of selecting actors, singers, dancers, models, etc. | (hunting) Of hounds, the act of spreading out and searching for a scent.


lexentry: eng/castle__Noun__1
written_rep: castle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: замок | за́мок
sense_list:
A large residential building or compound that is fortified and contains many defences; in previous ages often inhabited by a nobleman or king. Also, a house or mansion with some of the architectural features of medieval castles.


lexentry: eng/castle__Verb__1
written_rep: castle
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: рокирова́ться
sense_list:
(usually, _, intransitive, shogi) To create a similar defensive position in Japanese chess through several moves.


lexentry: eng/castle_in_the_air__Noun__1
written_rep: castle in the air
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возду́шный за́мок
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A desire, idea, or plan that is unlikely to ever be realized; a visionary project or scheme; a daydream, an idle fancy, a near impossibility. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/castling__Noun__2
written_rep: castling
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рокиро́вка | рокировка
sense_list:
(chess) A move in which the king moves two squares towards a rook, and the rook moves to the other side of the king; the action of the verb to castle.


lexentry: eng/castor_oil__Noun__1
written_rep: castor oil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: касто́рка | касто́ровое ма́сло
sense_list:
The pale yellow vegetable oil extracted from the castor bean; used as a laxative and an industrial lubricant.


lexentry: eng/castor_oil_plant__Noun__1
written_rep: castor oil plant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клещеви́на | клещевина
sense_list:
A plant of the species Ricinus communis, used in the production of castor oil and of the poison ricin.


lexentry: eng/castoreum__Noun__1
written_rep: castoreum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бобро́вая струя́ | касто́реум
sense_list:
The bitter exudate of the castor sacs of mature beavers, used as a scent mark, and as a tincture in some perfumes.


lexentry: eng/castrato__Noun__1
written_rep: castrato
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кастра́т
sense_list:
A male who has been castrated, especially a male whose testicles have been removed before puberty in order to retain his boyish voice. | A male soprano or alto voice produced by castration of the treble singer before puberty, intended to conserve his voice; the singer.


lexentry: eng/casual_sex__Noun__1
written_rep: casual sex
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: случа́йный секс
sense_list:
Sexual activity that is undertaken without commitment, emotional attachment or personal familiarity between the participants involved.


lexentry: eng/casualty__Noun__1
written_rep: casualty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: же́ртва | пострада́вший | поте́ря
sense_list:
(military) A person in military service who becomes unavailable for duty, for any reason (notably death, injury, illness, capture, or desertion).


lexentry: eng/casuistry__Noun__1
written_rep: casuistry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: казуи́стика
sense_list:
The process of answering practical questions via interpretation of rules, or of cases that illustrate such rules, especially in ethics; case-based reasoning.


lexentry: eng/cat's-paw__Noun__1
written_rep: cat's-paw
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: гвоздодёр
sense_list:
(US, _, carpentry) A small crowbar with a handle at a right angle to a blade with a V-shaped notch, principally used by carpenters to remove nails.


lexentry: eng/cat's_eye__Noun__1
written_rep: cat's eye
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катафо́т
sense_list:
(countable, especially, Commonwealth, usually, _, in the plural) A retroreflective device placed on a road surface as a marking that can be seen even at night.


lexentry: eng/cat-o'-nine-tails__Noun__1
written_rep: cat-o'-nine-tails
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: девятихво́стка | ко́шка
sense_list:
(nautical) A scourge (multi-tail whip) having nine, often knotted, whipcords, formerly used for flogging as naval punishment.


lexentry: eng/cat__Noun__1
written_rep: cat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ко́шка | кошка | кот
sense_list:
An animal of the family Felidae: | Any similar animal of the family Felidae, which includes lions, tigers, bobcats, leopards, cougars, cheetahs, caracals, lynxes, and other such non-domesticated species.


lexentry: eng/cat_and_mouse__Noun__1
written_rep: cat and mouse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ко́шки-мы́шки
sense_list:
A relationship in which two parties closely monitor and challenge one another in a suspicious or self-protective manner, often because each party is attempting to gain an advantage over the other. | A children's game in which one player (the "cat") attempts to break through a ring of players to catch another player (the "mouse") in the centre.


lexentry: eng/cat_burglar__Noun__1
written_rep: cat burglar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: фо́рточник
sense_list:
A particularly stealthy burglar, especially one who gains undetected entry through the use of agility.


lexentry: eng/cat_flap__Noun__1
written_rep: cat flap
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[кошачий|коша́чья]] [[засло́нка]] | [[кошачий|коша́чья]] дверь
sense_list:
A small, hinged panel, usually cut into a door, with an opening just large enough for a cat to enter.


lexentry: eng/cat_food__Noun__1
written_rep: cat food
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: корма́ для [[кошка|ко́шек]]
sense_list:
A type of food specially formulated for the feeding of cats, typically composed of processed grain and meat byproducts as dry food or canned fish or meat as wet food.


lexentry: eng/cat_lady__Noun__1
written_rep: cat lady
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кошатница
sense_list:
(informal, sometimes, derogatory) A woman, often elderly, who devotes her time and attention to one or usually many domestic cats.


lexentry: eng/cat_litter__Noun__1
written_rep: cat litter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кошачий лоток
sense_list:
Fuller's earth, clay pellets, wood chips, or similar loose absorbent materials used for the waste of pet cats.


lexentry: eng/cat_thyme__Noun__1
written_rep: cat thyme
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дубро́вник настоя́щий
sense_list:
A low-growing herb, Teucrium marum, related to germander, which has a pungent scent that causes sneezing, but is attractive to cats.


lexentry: eng/catabolism__Noun__1
written_rep: catabolism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катаболи́зм | катаболизм
sense_list:
(biochemistry) Destructive (lytic) metabolism or metabolization, usually including the release of energy and breakdown of materials.


lexentry: eng/catachresis__Noun__1
written_rep: catachresis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катахре́за
sense_list:
A misuse of a word; an application of a term to something which it does not properly denote. | (rhetoric) A misapplication or overextension of a figurative or analogical description; a wrongly applied metaphor or trope.


lexentry: eng/catacomb__Noun__1
written_rep: catacomb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катако́мба | катакомба
sense_list:
(often plural) An underground system of tunnels and chambers with recesses for graves, used (in former times) as a cemetery; a tunnel system used for burying the dead, as in Paris or Ancient Rome.


lexentry: eng/catalepsy__Noun__1
written_rep: catalepsy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: каталепси́я
sense_list:
(pathology) A severe bodily condition, described in psychiatric pathology, marked by sudden rigidity, fixation of posture, and loss of contact with environmental conditions.


lexentry: eng/catalogue__Noun__1
written_rep: catalogue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катало́г | пе́речень | спи́сок
sense_list:
A systematic list of books, names, pictures, etc. | (music) A complete list of a recording artist's or a composer's songs.


lexentry: eng/catalogue__Noun__1
written_rep: catalogue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: [[уче́бный]] план | програ́мма
sense_list:
(US) A book printed periodically by a college, university, or other institution that gives a definitive description of the institution, its history, courses and degrees offered, etc.


lexentry: eng/catalpa__Noun__1
written_rep: catalpa
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катальпа
sense_list:
Any tree of the genus Catalpa, in the family Bignoniaceae. The two North American species, the southern catalpa, Catalpa bignonioides, and the northern catalpa, Catalpa speciosa — along with the yellow catalpa, Catalpa ovata, from China — are often planted as ornamentals because of their showy flowers and decorative bean pods, though others regard the bean pods as a nuisance.


lexentry: eng/catalyst__Noun__1
written_rep: catalyst
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катализа́тор | катализатор
sense_list:
(chemistry) A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. | (figurative) Something that encourages progress or change.


lexentry: eng/catalytic__Adjective__1
written_rep: catalytic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: каталити́ческий | каталитический
sense_list:
(chemistry) Of or relating to a catalyst; having properties facilitating chemical reaction or change.


lexentry: eng/catalytic_converter__Noun__1
written_rep: catalytic converter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: каталити́ческий конве́ртер
sense_list:
(automotive) A chamber containing a finely divided platinum catalyst in which carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust are oxidized to carbon dioxide.


lexentry: eng/catalyze__Verb__1
written_rep: catalyze
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катализи́ровать
sense_list:
(chemistry, transitive) To bring about the catalysis of a chemical reaction. | (transitive) To accelerate a process.


lexentry: eng/catamount__Noun__1
written_rep: catamount
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дикая кошка
sense_list:
(US) A wild animal of the family Felidae, especially the cougar, mountain lion or puma (Puma concolor).


lexentry: eng/cataphile__Noun__1
written_rep: cataphile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катафил
sense_list:
A type of urban explorer who visits the ancient catacombs and quarries linked by tunnels beneath Paris, France. [from late 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/cataphract__Noun__2
written_rep: cataphract
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катафракта́рий
sense_list:
(military, historical) A soldier (especially a horseman) covered with a cataphract (etymology 1, sense 1).


lexentry: eng/cataract__Noun__1
written_rep: cataract
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: ли́вень | пото́п | проливно́й дождь
sense_list:
(mechanics, chiefly, historical) A type of governor used in single-acting steam engines, where a flow of water through an opening regulates the stroke.


lexentry: eng/catatonia__Noun__1
written_rep: catatonia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кататони́я
sense_list:
A severe psychiatric condition, often associated with schizophrenia, characterized by a tendency to remain in a rigid state of stupor for long periods which give way to short periods of extreme agitation.


lexentry: eng/catatonic__Adjective__1
written_rep: catatonic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кататони́ческий
sense_list:
(medicine) Of, relating to, or suffering from catatonia; having a tendency to remain in a rigid state of stupor for long periods which give way to short periods of extreme agitation.


lexentry: eng/catboat__Noun__1
written_rep: catboat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кэт
sense_list:
A sailing boat with a single sail, usually rigged on a gaff spar, used for fishing in New England and later adapted for racing and cruising. It has a single mast set near to the bow and a long boom which may extend over the stern.


lexentry: eng/catch__Noun__1
written_rep: catch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: подво́х
sense_list:
(countable, sometimes, _, noun adjunct) A concealed difficulty, especially in a deal or negotiation.


lexentry: eng/catch__Noun__1
written_rep: catch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 17
trans_list: захва́т | пои́мка
sense_list:
(countable, cricket, baseball) The act of catching a hit ball before it reaches the ground, resulting in an out.


lexentry: eng/catch__Verb__1
written_rep: catch
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лови́ть | пойма́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To capture or snare (someone or something which would rather escape). [from 13thc.] | (transitive) To seize or intercept an object moving through the air (or, sometimes, some other medium). [from 16thc.]


lexentry: eng/catch__Verb__1
written_rep: catch
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: подхва́тывать | подхвати́ть | подцепи́ть | подцепля́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To entrap or trip up a person; to deceive. [from 14thc.] | (intransitive) To engage with some mechanism; to stick, to succeed in interacting with something or initiating some process. | (transitive, surfing) To contact a wave in such a way that one can ride it back to shore.


lexentry: eng/catch__Verb__1
written_rep: catch
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ухвати́ться
sense_list:
(transitive, now, rare) To seize (an opportunity) when it occurs. [from 16thc.] | (transitive, informal) To take in; to watch or listen to (an entertainment). [from 20thc.]


lexentry: eng/catch_heat__Verb__1
written_rep: catch heat
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: (colloquial, idiomatic) To get into trouble with somebody; to be scolded or chastised.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
[[получи́ть]] [[взбучка|взбу́чку]] | [[получи́ть]] [[нагоня́й]] | получи́ть по пе́рвое число́ | попа́сть под разда́чу


lexentry: eng/catch_of_the_day__Noun__1
written_rep: catch of the day
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: партия
sense_list:
(informal, idiomatic) A person who is a popular or desirable choice to be a partner in a prospective marital or romantic relationship.


lexentry: eng/catch_red-handed__Verb__1
written_rep: catch red-handed
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: (transitive) To discover or capture someone in the act of committing a crime.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
[[заста́ть]] на [[место|ме́сте]] [[преступление|преступле́ния]] | поймать за руку | поймать с поличным


lexentry: eng/catchment__Noun__1
written_rep: catchment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: водосбо́р | водосбо́рный бассе́йн
sense_list:
(often, attributive) Any structure or land feature which catches and holds water; the collection of such water.


lexentry: eng/catchword__Noun__1
written_rep: catchword
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хранитель
sense_list:
(printing, historical) A word under the right-hand side of the last line on a book page that repeats the first word on the following page.


lexentry: eng/catecholamine__Noun__1
written_rep: catecholamine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катехоламины
sense_list:
(biochemistry) Any of a class of aromatic amines derived from pyrocatechol that are hormones produced by the adrenal gland.


lexentry: eng/catechumen__Noun__1
written_rep: catechumen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: новообращённая | новообращённый
sense_list:
A convert to Christianity under instruction before baptism; a young or recent Christian preparing for confirmation.


lexentry: eng/categorical_product__Noun__1
written_rep: categorical product
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: категорное произведение
sense_list:
(mathematics) The limit of two (or more) objects, considered without regard to any arrows between them.


lexentry: eng/category__Noun__1
written_rep: category
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катего́рия | категория
sense_list:
A group, often named or numbered, to which items are assigned based on similarity or defined criteria. | (mathematics) A collection of objects, together with a transitively closed collection of composable arrows between them, such that every object has an identity arrow, and such that arrow composition is associative.


lexentry: eng/category_theory__Noun__1
written_rep: category theory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: теория категорий
sense_list:
(mathematics) A branch of mathematics which deals with spaces and maps between them in abstraction, taking similar theorems from various disparate more concrete branches of mathematics and unifying them.


lexentry: eng/catenaccio__Noun__1
written_rep: catenaccio
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катена́ччо
sense_list:
(football) A system of defensive play focused on nullifying opponents' attacks and preventing goal-scoring opportunities, typically using a libero.


lexentry: eng/catenary__Noun__1
written_rep: catenary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: контактная сеть | ли́ния | цепная
sense_list:
(engineering) Any physical cable, rope, chain, or other weight-supporting structure taking such geometric shape, as a suspension cable for a bridge or a power-transmission line or an arch for a bridge or roof.


lexentry: eng/caterpillar_track__Noun__1
written_rep: caterpillar track
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гу́сеница
sense_list:
A generic trademark name for a continuous track in the form of a steel or rubber belt fitted around the wheels of crawlers, bulldozers, excavators, loaders, backhoes, tanks and similar off-road vehicles in such a manner as to spread the load on the ground surface and thereby improve traction and reduce sinking into soft surfaces.


lexentry: eng/catgirl__Noun__1
written_rep: catgirl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: девушка-кошка
sense_list:
(Japanese fiction) A female fictional character who has a cat's ears, tail, or other feline characteristics on an otherwise humanoid body.


lexentry: eng/catharsis__Noun__1
written_rep: catharsis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ка́тарсис | ката́рсис
sense_list:
(drama) A release of emotional tension after an overwhelming vicarious experience, resulting in the purging or purification of the emotions, as through watching a dramatic production (especially a tragedy). | Any release of emotional tension to the same effect, more widely.


lexentry: eng/cathead__Noun__1
written_rep: cathead
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кат-ба́лка
sense_list:
A heavy piece of timber projecting somewhat horizontally from each side of the bow of a ship on which an anchor is raised or lowered, and secured when not used, from its stock end.


lexentry: eng/cathedral__Noun__1
written_rep: cathedral
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[кафедральный|кафедра́льный]] [[собо́р]] | собо́р | собор
sense_list:
The principal church serving as the office (and some as place of residence) of an archdiocese's/a diocese's archbishop/bishop which is symbolized by an episcopal throne known as the cathedra.


lexentry: eng/catheter__Noun__1
written_rep: catheter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кате́тер | катетер
sense_list:
(medicine) A small tube inserted into a body cavity to administer a drug, create an opening, distend a passageway, or remove fluid.


lexentry: eng/cathetus__Noun__1
written_rep: cathetus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ка́тет | катет
sense_list:
(geometry) A line perpendicular to a surface (or line); in particular, either of the sides of a right triangle other than its hypotenuse.


lexentry: eng/cathode__Noun__1
written_rep: cathode
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: като́д | катод
sense_list:
(electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows outwards (and thus, electrons flow inwards). It can have either a negative or a positive voltage with respect to anode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).


lexentry: eng/cathode_ray_tube__Noun__1
written_rep: cathode ray tube
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: электро́нно-лучева́я тру́бка
sense_list:
(electronics) A vacuum tube that displays still or moving images (such as for a television), by controlling the direction of a cathode ray emitted towards the front of the tube. The front is coated by a layer of fluorescent material, so that it emits light when struck by the beam.


lexentry: eng/cathodoluminescence__Noun__1
written_rep: cathodoluminescence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катодолюминесце́нция
sense_list:
(physics) A form of luminescence produced by the bombardment of a metal or a phosphor by electrons (as in a traditional television).


lexentry: eng/catkin__Noun__1
written_rep: catkin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: серёжка
sense_list:
(botany) A type of inflorescence, consisting of an axis with many unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and poplar.


lexentry: eng/catloaf__Noun__1
written_rep: catloaf
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кот-батон | котобулка | котохлеб
sense_list:
(slang) The loaflike form of a domestic cat sitting with its paws and tail tucked underneath its body.


lexentry: eng/catnip__Noun__1
written_rep: catnip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коша́чья мя́та
sense_list:
Any of the about 250 species of flowering plant of the genus Nepeta, family Lamiaceae, certain of which are said to have medicinal qualities.


lexentry: eng/catnip__Noun__1
written_rep: catnip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: кото́вник коша́чий | коша́чья мя́та
sense_list:
Nepeta cataria and Nepeta grandiflora (and perhaps other species), which are well-known for causing an apparently harmless pheromone-based intoxication among certain cats.


lexentry: eng/catoblepas__Noun__1
written_rep: catoblepas
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: катоблепас
sense_list:
A legendary creature from Ethiopia, said to have the body of a Cape buffalo, scales on its back, and the head of a wild boar, which always points downward because of its weight.


lexentry: eng/cattail__Noun__1
written_rep: cattail
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рого́з | рогоз
sense_list:
(US, historically, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire) Any of several perennial herbs, of the genus Typha, that have long flat leaves, and grow in marshy places.


lexentry: eng/catty__Adjective__1
written_rep: catty
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зло́бный | злой | озло́бленный
sense_list:
(informal, of a person or remark) With subtle hostility in an effort to hurt, annoy, or upset, particularly among women. | (informal) Resembling or characteristic of a cat.


lexentry: eng/catty__Noun__1
written_rep: catty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ка́тти | цзинь
sense_list:
A (unit of) weight used in China which is metricated in Mainland China as exactly 0.5 kg, and approximately 0.6 kg for other places.


lexentry: eng/caul__Noun__1
written_rep: caul
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: се́тка | че́пчик | чепе́ц | шля́пка
sense_list:
(historical) A style of close-fitting circular cap worn by women in the sixteenth century and later, often made of linen. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/caul__Noun__1
written_rep: caul
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: во́дная оболо́чка плода́ | руба́шка
sense_list:
The amnion which encloses the foetus before birth, especially that part of it which sometimes shrouds a baby’s head at birth (traditionally considered to be good luck). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/cauliflower__Noun__1
written_rep: cauliflower
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цветна́я капу́ста | цветная капуста
sense_list:
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, an annual variety of cabbage, of which the cluster of young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable. | The edible head or curd of a cauliflower plant.


lexentry: eng/causality__Noun__1
written_rep: causality
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: причи́нно-сле́дственная связь
sense_list:
The relationship between something that happens or exists and the thing that causes it; the cause and consequence relationship.


lexentry: eng/causative__Noun__1
written_rep: causative
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: каузати́в | каузати́вный зало́г | побуди́тельный зало́г | понуди́тельный зало́г
sense_list:
(linguistics) An expression of an agent causing or forcing a patient to perform an action (or to be in a certain condition).


lexentry: eng/cause__Noun__1
written_rep: cause
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: причи́на | основа́ние
sense_list:
(countable, often with of, typically of adverse results) The source of, or reason for, an event or action; that which produces or effects a result.


lexentry: eng/cause_célèbre__Noun__1
written_rep: cause célèbre
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[гро́мкое]] [[де́ло]]
sense_list:
(chiefly, UK) An issue or incident (originally, a legal case) arousing widespread controversy or public debate.


lexentry: eng/cause_of_death__Noun__1
written_rep: cause of death
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: причи́на сме́рти
sense_list:
The official cause of a human death as typically determined by a coroner during an autopsy and included on the death certificate of a deceased person.


lexentry: eng/causeway__Noun__1
written_rep: causeway
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гать | да́мба | насыпна́я доро́га
sense_list:
A road that is raised so as to be above water, marshland, and similar low-lying obstacles, which in some cases may flood periodically (e.g. due to tides). Originally causeways were much like dykes, generally pierced to let water through, whereas many modern causeways are more like bridges or viaducts.


lexentry: eng/caustic_soda__Noun__1
written_rep: caustic soda
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: каусти́ческая со́да
sense_list:
sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong alkaline substance used in the manufacture of paint, soap and detergents, or as a drain cleaner.


lexentry: eng/cauterization__Noun__1
written_rep: cauterization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прижига́ние
sense_list:
The act of searing organic tissue by the application of a cautery or caustic; also, the effect of such application.


lexentry: eng/cauterize__Verb__1
written_rep: cauterize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: приже́чь | прижига́ть
sense_list:
To burn and hence seal open tissue using a heated article or caustic agent so as to stop bleeding or minimise the risk of infection.


lexentry: eng/cautery__Noun__1
written_rep: cautery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прижига́ние
sense_list:
(surgery) The process of using either extreme heat or extreme cold to either cut or seal body tissue.


lexentry: eng/caution__Noun__1
written_rep: caution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предостереже́ние | предупрежде́ние
sense_list:
Prudence when faced with, or when expecting to face, danger; care taken in order to avoid risk or harm.


lexentry: eng/caution__Noun__1
written_rep: caution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: осторо́жность
sense_list:
A careful attention to the probable effects of an act, in order that failure or harm may be avoided.


lexentry: eng/cavalier__Noun__1
written_rep: cavalier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кавалери́ст
sense_list:
(historical) A military man serving on horse, (chiefly) early modern cavalry officers who had abandoned the heavy armor of medieval knights.


lexentry: eng/cavalry__Noun__1
written_rep: cavalry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кавале́рия | ко́нница | кавалерия
sense_list:
(military, usually, _, historical, uncountable) The military arm of service that fights while riding horses.


lexentry: eng/cave_painting__Noun__1
written_rep: cave painting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: пещерная живопись
sense_list:
(uncountable) The paintings resulting from this activity regarded collectively, especially if prehistoric; cave art; (countable) an individual painting of this type.


lexentry: eng/caveat__Noun__1
written_rep: caveat
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: (law) A notice requesting a postponement of a court proceeding.
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list:
[[хода́тайство]] о [[приостановка|приостано́вке]] [[судебный|суде́бного]] [[разбирательство|разбира́тельства]]


lexentry: eng/cavitation__Noun__1
written_rep: cavitation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: кавита́ция | кавитация
sense_list:
(fluid dynamics) The formation, in a fluid, of vapor bubbles that rapidly collapse, especially in a rotating marine propeller or pump impeller.


lexentry: eng/cavity__Noun__1
written_rep: cavity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ка́риес
sense_list:
(dentistry) A small or large hole in a tooth caused by caries; often also a soft area adjacent to the hole also affected by caries.


lexentry: eng/cedar__Noun__1
written_rep: cedar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кедр
sense_list:
(countable) A coniferous tree of the genus Cedrus in the family Pinaceae. | (uncountable) The aromatic wood from a Cedrus tree, or from any of several not closely related trees.


lexentry: eng/cedilla__Noun__1
written_rep: cedilla
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: седи́ль | седиль
sense_list:
(orthography) In the spelling of Catalan, French, Portuguese and some other languages, a mark ⟨¸⟩ sometimes placed under the letter c to indicate that it is pronounced /s/ rather than /k/, as in Catalan força, French menaçant, and Portuguese almoço, and also used in various other languages to change the sounds of other letters.


lexentry: eng/ceilidh__Noun__1
written_rep: ceilidh
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кейли
sense_list:
An informal social gathering, especially one where traditional Irish or Scottish folk music is played, with dancing and storytelling.


lexentry: eng/ceiling__Noun__1
written_rep: ceiling
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: потоло́к | потолок
sense_list:
(mathematics) The smallest integer greater than or equal to a given number. | (architecture) The overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room.


lexentry: eng/celadon__Noun__1
written_rep: celadon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: селадо́н
sense_list:
A pale green colour, possibly tinted with gray. | A pale green Chinese glaze. | A ceramic ware with a pale green glaze.


lexentry: eng/celebrate__Verb__1
written_rep: celebrate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: пра́здновать | отпра́здновать | че́ствовать
sense_list:
(transitive) To honour by rites, by ceremonies of joy and respect, or by refraining from ordinary business; to observe duly.


lexentry: eng/celebrate__Verb__1
written_rep: celebrate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: пра́здновать | праздновать
sense_list:
(transitive) To perform or participate in, as a sacrament or solemn rite; to perform with appropriate rites.


lexentry: eng/celebrity__Noun__1
written_rep: celebrity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: звезда́ | знамени́тость | селе́ба | селе́брити
sense_list:
A person who has a high degree of recognition by the general population for his or her success or accomplishments; a famous person. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/celeriac__Noun__1
written_rep: celeriac
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сельдере́й | сельдере́й души́стый | сельдере́й культу́рный | сельдере́й паху́чий
sense_list:
A form of celery, Apium graveolens, having an aromatic taproot eaten as a vegetable. [from mid 18th century]


lexentry: eng/celesta__Noun__1
written_rep: celesta
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: челе́ста
sense_list:
(musical instruments) A musical instrument consisting principally of a set of graduated steel plates struck with hammers that are activated by a keyboard.


lexentry: eng/celestial__Adjective__1
written_rep: celestial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: небе́сный
sense_list:
of or related to Heaven and the divine. | Relating to the sky or outer space, regarded as the realm of the sun, moon, planets, and stars.


lexentry: eng/celestial_body__Noun__1
written_rep: celestial body
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: небе́сное те́ло
sense_list:
(astronomy, astrology) A natural object which is located outside of Earth's atmosphere, such as a comet, an asteroid, the Moon, a planet, the Sun, or a star.


lexentry: eng/celestial_sphere__Noun__1
written_rep: celestial sphere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: небе́сная сфе́ра | небесная сфера
sense_list:
(astronomy) The apparent outer limit of space; an abstract sphere of infinite radius which serves as the imaginary backdrop for celestial objects, and of which the visible sky is one hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/celestine__Noun__2
written_rep: celestine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: целестин
sense_list:
(mineral) A mineral with orthorhombic crystals, SrSO4, colourless or white with blue and sometimes red shades.


lexentry: eng/celibate__Noun__1
written_rep: celibate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: незаму́жняя | холосто́й | холостя́к
sense_list:
One who is not married, especially one who has taken a religious vow not to get married, usually because of being a member of a religious community. [from 1869]


lexentry: eng/cell__Noun__1
written_rep: cell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: яче́йка | клетка
sense_list:
(biology, now, chiefly, botany) Any of various chambers in a tissue or organism having specific functions. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/cell__Noun__1
written_rep: cell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: батаре́йка | клетка
sense_list:
(obsolete) Specifically, any of the supposed compartments of the brain, formerly thought to be the source of specific mental capacities, knowledge, or memories. [14th–19th c.] | A device which stores electrical power; used either singly or together in batteries; the basic unit of a battery. [from 19th c.] | (entomology) An area of an insect wing bounded by veins.


lexentry: eng/cell__Noun__1
written_rep: cell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 12
trans_list: ячейка | кле́тка | клетка | яче́йка
sense_list:
(biology) The basic unit of a living organism, consisting of a quantity of protoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, which is able to synthesize proteins and replicate itself. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/cell__Noun__1
written_rep: cell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 16
trans_list: батаре́йка | яче́йка | клетка
sense_list:
A small group of people forming part of a larger organization, often an outlawed one. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/cell__Noun__1
written_rep: cell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 17
trans_list: клетка
sense_list:
(communication) A short, fixed-length packet, as in asynchronous transfer mode. [from 20th c.] | (communication) A region of radio reception that is a part of a larger radio network.


lexentry: eng/cell_wall__Noun__1
written_rep: cell wall
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кле́точная сте́нка
sense_list:
(cytology) A thick, fairly rigid, layer formed around individual cells of bacteria, Archaea, fungi, plants, and algae (but not animals and other protists which generally have cell membranes without cell walls). The cell wall is external to the cell membrane and serves a structural function helping the cell maintain its shape and protecting the cell from damage.


lexentry: eng/cello__Noun__1
written_rep: cello
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: виолонче́ль | виолончель
sense_list:
A large unfretted stringed instrument of the violin family with four strings tuned (lowest to highest) C-G-D-A and an endpin to support its weight, usually played with a bow.


lexentry: eng/cellophane_noodle__Noun__1
written_rep: cellophane noodle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: стекля́нная лапша́ | фунчо́за
sense_list:
A transparent Asian noodle made from starch (such as mung bean starch, sweet potato or yam starch, potato starch, cassava starch, or canna starch) and water.


lexentry: eng/cellular_automaton__Noun__1
written_rep: cellular automaton
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кле́точный автома́т
sense_list:
(computing theory) An automaton consisting of cells arranged in a regular grid, in one or more dimensions. Each application of an associated rule creates a new generation, where the cells have a new configuration of values.


lexentry: eng/cellulite__Noun__1
written_rep: cellulite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: целлюли́т
sense_list:
The dimpled appearance of skin caused by the protrusion of subcutaneous adipose tissue, especially on a woman's hips and thighs.


lexentry: eng/celluloid__Noun__1
written_rep: celluloid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: целлуло́ид
sense_list:
Any of a variety of thermoplastics created from nitrocellulose and camphor, once used as photographic film.


lexentry: eng/cellulose__Noun__1
written_rep: cellulose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клетча́тка | целлюло́за | целлюлоза
sense_list:
A complex carbohydrate that forms the main constituent of the cell wall in most plants and is important in the manufacture of numerous products, such as paper, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and explosives.


lexentry: eng/cement__Noun__1
written_rep: cement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: цеме́нт | цемент
sense_list:
(uncountable) The paste-like substance resulting from mixing such a powder with water, or the rock-like substance that forms when it dries.


lexentry: eng/cement__Noun__1
written_rep: cement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: цемент
sense_list:
(uncountable) Any material with strong adhesive and cohesive properties such as binding agents, glues, grout.


lexentry: eng/cement_mixer__Noun__1
written_rep: cement mixer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бетономеша́лка | бетоносмеси́тель | бетонье́рка
sense_list:
A device used in construction in which cement, aggregate and water are slowly mixed together in a revolving drum to form concrete.


lexentry: eng/cenesthopathy__Noun__1
written_rep: cenesthopathy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сенестопа́тия
sense_list:
(psychiatry) Disordered cenesthesia; a psychopathological symptom characterised by generalised abnormal sensations in the body.


lexentry: eng/cenotaph__Noun__1
written_rep: cenotaph
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кенота́ф | кенотаф
sense_list:
A monument, generally in the form of an empty tomb, erected to honour the dead whose bodies lie elsewhere, especially members of the armed forces who died in battle.


lexentry: eng/cenote__Noun__1
written_rep: cenote
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сено́т
sense_list:
A deep natural well or sinkhole, especially in Central America, formed by the collapse of surface limestone that exposes ground water underneath, and sometimes used by the ancient Mayans for sacrificial offerings.


lexentry: eng/censor__Noun__1
written_rep: censor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: це́нзор
sense_list:
(Ancient Rome, historical) One of the two magistrates who originally administered the census of citizens, and by Classical times (between the 8th century B.C.E. and the 6th century C.E.) was a high judge of public behaviour and morality. | An official responsible for the removal or suppression of objectionable material (for example, if obscene or likely to incite violence) or sensitive content in books, films, correspondence, and other media. | (obsolete) One who censures or condemns.


lexentry: eng/censor__Noun__2
written_rep: censor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цензу́ра
sense_list:
(psychology) A hypothetical subconscious agency which filters unacceptable thought before it reaches the conscious mind.


lexentry: eng/censor__Verb__1
written_rep: censor
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цензуровать | подверга́ть цензуре | просматривать | цензури́ровать
sense_list:
To review for, and if necessary to remove or suppress, content from books, films, correspondence, and other media which is regarded as objectionable (for example, obscene, likely to incite violence, or sensitive).


lexentry: eng/censorship__Noun__1
written_rep: censorship
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цензу́ра | цензура
sense_list:
The use of state or group power to control freedom of expression or press, such as passing laws to prevent undesirable media from being published or propagated.


lexentry: eng/census__Noun__1
written_rep: census
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пе́репись | пе́репись населе́ния
sense_list:
An official count or enumeration of members of a population (not necessarily human), usually residents or citizens in a particular region, often done at regular intervals.


lexentry: eng/cent__Noun__1
written_rep: cent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цент
sense_list:
(money) A subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the main unit of currency in many countries. Symbol: ¢. | (money) A subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the euro. | (money) A coin having face value of one cent (in either of the above senses). | (nuclear physics) A unit of reactivity equal to one hundredth of a dollar.


lexentry: eng/centaur__Noun__1
written_rep: centaur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кента́вр | китовра́с
sense_list:
(Greek mythology) A mythical beast having a horse's body with a man's head and torso in place of the head and neck of the horse.


lexentry: eng/centenary__Adjective__1
written_rep: centenary
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: столе́тний
sense_list:
(historical, obsolete) Of or relating to hundreds, the administrative unit. | Of or related to the number one hundred, particularly [c. 1451]


lexentry: eng/center__Noun__1
written_rep: center
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: центр | середи́на | среди́на
sense_list:
(geometry) The point in the interior of any figure of any number of dimensions that has as its coordinates the arithmetic mean of the coordinates of all points on the perimeter of the figure (or of all points in the interior for a center of volume).


lexentry: eng/center__Noun__1
written_rep: center
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 11
trans_list: центр | середи́на
sense_list:
(engineering) A conical recess or indentation in the end of a shaft or other work, to receive the point of a center, on which the work can turn, as in a lathe.


lexentry: eng/center_of_gravity__Noun__1
written_rep: center of gravity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: центр тя́жести
sense_list:
(physics) A point, near or within a body, through which its weight can be assumed to act when considering forces on the body and its motion under gravity. This coincides with the center of mass in a uniform gravitational field.


lexentry: eng/centerfold__Noun__1
written_rep: centerfold
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: разворо́т
sense_list:
The single larger sheet of paper that forms the middle two pages of a magazine or other publication, folded so as to open wider than a standard page spread.


lexentry: eng/centering__Noun__1
written_rep: centering
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: центровка
sense_list:
(mostly, uncountable) The process of moving something to a centre, normally before some other process.


lexentry: eng/centi-__Prefix__1
written_rep: centi-
part_of_speech: prefix
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: санти-
sense_list:
(specifically) In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10-2. Symbol: c | one-hundredth | hundred


lexentry: eng/centimetre-gram-second__Noun__1
written_rep: centimetre-gram-second
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: СГС | сантиме́тр-грамм-секу́нда
sense_list:
(science) A system of units formerly used in physics (now replaced by the SI system), in which the basic units of length, mass and time were respectively centimetre, gram, and second.


lexentry: eng/centipede__Noun__1
written_rep: centipede
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сороконо́жка | сороконожка
sense_list:
Any arthropod of class Chilopoda, which have a segmented body with one pair of legs per segment and from about 20 to 300 legs in total.


lexentry: eng/centner__Noun__1
written_rep: centner
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: це́нтнер
sense_list:
A unit of weight with different actual definitions in parts of Germany and Scandinavia, typically 100 local pounds.


lexentry: eng/central_bank__Noun__1
written_rep: central bank
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: центра́льный банк | центральный банк
sense_list:
(banking) The principal monetary authority of a polity or monetary union; it normally regulates the supply of money, issues currency and controls interest rates. It usually oversees banking activity within its country's borders.


lexentry: eng/central_committee__Noun__1
written_rep: central committee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: центральный комитет
sense_list:
(communism) A standing administrative body of communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, of both ruling and nonruling parties of former and existing socialist states.


lexentry: eng/central_heating__Noun__1
written_rep: central heating
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: центра́льное отопле́ние
sense_list:
Any of various heating systems in which a central source of heat is used to distribute heat (and sometimes hot water) throughout a building in a controlled manner.


lexentry: eng/central_limit_theorem__Noun__1
written_rep: central limit theorem
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: центра́льная преде́льная теоре́ма
sense_list:
(statistics, and, mathematics, singulare tantum) The theorem that states that if the sum of independent identically distributed random variables has a finite variance, then it will be approximately normally distributed.


lexentry: eng/central_nervous_system__Noun__1
written_rep: central nervous system
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: центра́льная не́рвная систе́ма
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) In vertebrates, that part of the nervous system comprising the brain, brain stem and spinal cord.


lexentry: eng/central_processing_unit__Noun__1
written_rep: central processing unit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ЦПУ | центра́льное проце́ссорное устро́йство | центра́льный проце́ссор
sense_list:
(computer hardware) The part of a computer that fetches, decodes and executes instructions from memory, possibly through a cache.


lexentry: eng/centralization__Noun__1
written_rep: centralization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: централиза́ция
sense_list:
The act or process of centralizing, or the state of being centralized; the act or process of combining or reducing several parts into a whole


lexentry: eng/centre-back__Noun__1
written_rep: centre-back
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: беруши
sense_list:
(soccer) A central defender, a player who plays in the centre of defence, just in front of the goalkeeper


lexentry: eng/centre_of_mass__Noun__1
written_rep: centre of mass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: барице́нтр | центр ине́рции | центр масс
sense_list:
(mathematics, physics) A point, near, or within a body at which the object's mass can be assumed to be concentrated; it coincides with the centroid for a body of uniform density, and with the centre of gravity in a uniform gravitational field.


lexentry: eng/centre_of_symmetry__Noun__1
written_rep: centre of symmetry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: центр симме́трии
sense_list:
(mathematics) A point, within an object or figure, through which any straight line also passes through two points on the edge of the figure at the same distance from the centre but on opposite sides.


lexentry: eng/centreboard__Noun__1
written_rep: centreboard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дрейф
sense_list:
(British spelling, nautical) The adjustable keel on a small yacht or dinghy that acts, among other things, as ballast and to counteract the sideways force of the wind.


lexentry: eng/centrifugal_force__Noun__1
written_rep: centrifugal force
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: центробе́жная си́ла | центробежная сила
sense_list:
(physics) In circular motion, the 'reactive' centrifugal force is a real force applied by the accelerating body that is equal and opposite to the centripetal force that is acting on the accelerating body. | (erroneous) Centripetal force.


lexentry: eng/centrifugation__Noun__1
written_rep: centrifugation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: центрифугирование
sense_list:
The process in which mixtures are separated using the centripetal force generated by spinning in a centrifuge.


lexentry: eng/centrifuge__Noun__1
written_rep: centrifuge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: центрифу́га | центрифуга
sense_list:
By extension, any device which rotates in order to produce artificial gravity (in the form of centrifugal force)


lexentry: eng/centriole__Noun__1
written_rep: centriole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: центрио́ль
sense_list:
(biology) A barrel-shaped microtubule structure found in most animal cells, important in the process of mitosis (nuclear division).


lexentry: eng/centroid__Noun__1
written_rep: centroid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: барице́нтр | центр тя́жести | центро́ид
sense_list:
(statistics, cluster analysis, of a cluster of points) the arithmetic mean (alternatively, median) position of a cluster of points in a coordinate system based on some application-dependent measure of distance.


lexentry: eng/centrosome__Noun__1
written_rep: centrosome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: центросома
sense_list:
(cytology) An organelle, near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most organisms, that controls the organization of its microtubules


lexentry: eng/century__Noun__1
written_rep: century
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: век | столе́тие | столетие
sense_list:
A period of 100 consecutive years; often specifically a numbered period with conventional start and end dates, e.g., the twentieth century, which stretches from (strictly) 1901 through 2000, or (informally) 1900 through 1999. The first century AD was from 1 to 100.


lexentry: eng/century__Noun__1
written_rep: century
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: центу́рия
sense_list:
A unit in ancient Roman army, originally of 100 army soldiers as part of a cohort, later of more varied sizes (but typically containing 60 to 70 or 80) soldiers or other men (guards, police, firemen), commanded by a centurion. | A political division of ancient Rome, meeting in the Centuriate Assembly.


lexentry: eng/century_egg__Noun__1
written_rep: century egg
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пида́нь | столе́тнее яйцо́ | сунхуада́нь | тысячеле́тнее яйцо́
sense_list:
A Chinese delicacy made by preserving a duck, chicken or quail egg in a mixture of clay, ash, salt, quicklime and rice hulls for several weeks to several months, depending on the method of processing.


lexentry: eng/cephalosporin__Noun__1
written_rep: cephalosporin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цефалоспори́н
sense_list:
Any of a class of natural and synthetic antibiotics developed from Acremonium fungi, having a cepham structure.


lexentry: eng/cepstrum__Noun__1
written_rep: cepstrum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ке́пстр
sense_list:
(signal processing) The inverse Fourier transform of the logarithm of a magnitude spectrum; used especially in voice analysis.


lexentry: eng/ceramic__Adjective__1
written_rep: ceramic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: керами́ческий | керамический
sense_list:
Made of material produced by the high-temperature firing of inorganic, nonmetallic rocks and minerals.


lexentry: eng/ceramic__Noun__1
written_rep: ceramic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кера́мика
sense_list:
(uncountable) A hard, brittle, inorganic, nonmetallic material, usually made from a material, such as clay, then firing it at a high temperature.


lexentry: eng/ceramide__Noun__1
written_rep: ceramide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: церамид
sense_list:
(biochemistry) Any of various lipids formed by linking a fatty acid to sphingosine and found widely but in small amounts in plant and animal tissue


lexentry: eng/cerebellum__Noun__1
written_rep: cerebellum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мозжечо́к | мозжечок
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) Part of the hindbrain in vertebrates. In humans it lies between the brainstem and the back of the cerebrum and is formed of two lateral lobes and a median lobe. It plays an important role in sensory perception, motor output, balance and posture.


lexentry: eng/cerebral_cortex__Noun__1
written_rep: cerebral cortex
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[кора́]] [[головной|головно́го]] [[мозг|мо́зга]]
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) The grey, folded, outermost layer of the cerebrum that is responsible for higher brain processes such as sensation, voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning, and memory.


lexentry: eng/cerebral_palsy__Noun__1
written_rep: cerebral palsy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: де́тский церебра́льный парали́ч | церебра́льный парали́ч
sense_list:
(neurology, pathology) A group of non-progressive, non-contagious conditions, caused by brain damage before birth or during infancy, characterized by impairment of muscular coordination.


lexentry: eng/cerebropathy__Noun__1
written_rep: cerebropathy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: церебропатия
sense_list:
A hypochondriacal condition verging upon insanity, occurring in those whose brains have been unduly taxed.


lexentry: eng/cerebrospinal_fluid__Noun__1
written_rep: cerebrospinal fluid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ли́квор | спинномозгова́я жи́дкость | цереброспина́льная жи́дкость
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) A bodily fluid filling the third ventricle and surrounding the interthalamic adhesion.


lexentry: eng/cerebrum__Noun__1
written_rep: cerebrum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: головно́й мозг
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) The principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, which is located in the front area of the skull and divided into two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. In humans it is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for the integration of complex sensory functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity, and the higher mental functions such as consciousness, thought, reason, emotion, and memory.


lexentry: eng/ceremonious__Adjective__1
written_rep: ceremonious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: торжественный
sense_list:
According to the required or usual ceremonies, formalities, or rituals; specifically (Christianity, obsolete) , to ceremonial laws in the Bible.


lexentry: eng/ceremony__Noun__1
written_rep: ceremony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: этике́т
sense_list:
(uncountable) A formal socially established behaviour, often in relation to people of different ranks; formality.


lexentry: eng/cereus__Noun__1
written_rep: cereus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цереус
sense_list:
Any of the genus Cereus, either as currently or formerly defined, of plants of the cactus family, natives to the Americas, from California to Chile.


lexentry: eng/cerium__Noun__1
written_rep: cerium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: це́рий | церий
sense_list:
A chemical element (symbol Ce) with an atomic number of 58, a very soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.


lexentry: eng/certain__Adjective__1
written_rep: certain
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: како́й-то | не́кий | не́который
sense_list:
(euphemism, preceded by "a") Used to denote that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent.


lexentry: eng/certifiable__Adjective__1
written_rep: certifiable
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: сумасше́дший
sense_list:
(informal, of a person) Mentally ill to such an extent that involuntary institutionalization is appropriate; crazy.


lexentry: eng/certify__Verb__1
written_rep: certify
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: сертифици́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive) To attest that a product, service, organization, or person has met an official standard.


lexentry: eng/cervical_cancer__Noun__1
written_rep: cervical cancer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рак ше́йки ма́тки
sense_list:
(pathology, oncology) A type of cancer of the cervix of the uterus which can afflict some female mammals including humans. The term usually does not refer to cancer of the neck or other parts of the anatomy which use the term cervix.


lexentry: eng/cervix__Noun__1
written_rep: cervix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ше́йка ма́тки
sense_list:
(now, specifically) The cervix uteri, or lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina.


lexentry: eng/cetane__Noun__1
written_rep: cetane
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гексадекан
sense_list:
(organic compound) The aliphatic hydrocarbon C16H34 (hexadecane) used as a standard for diesel fuel.


lexentry: eng/cetology__Noun__1
written_rep: cetology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цетоло́гия
sense_list:
The branch of zoology concerned with the infraorder Cetacea, which includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises.


lexentry: eng/ceviche__Noun__1
written_rep: ceviche
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: севи́че
sense_list:
(cooking) Raw seafood cured by marination in an acidic medium such as citrus, vinegar, or other souring agent, found primarily in Latin America.


lexentry: eng/chaat__Noun__1
written_rep: chaat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чаа́т
sense_list:
Any savory snack, sold from a roadside stall in India or other South Asian countries, or served as a starter in an Indian restaurant.


lexentry: eng/chador__Noun__1
written_rep: chador
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чадра́ | чадра
sense_list:
A loose robe made from a single cloth, worn as a combination head covering, veil and shawl by chiefly Muslim women (and occasionally by those of other faiths) in Iran and South Asia.


lexentry: eng/chaffinch__Noun__1
written_rep: chaffinch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зя́блик | зяблик
sense_list:
A small passerine bird, Fringilla coelebs, of the finch family, found throughout Europe and eastward to Iran and eastern Mediterranean coastlands.


lexentry: eng/chaga__Noun__1
written_rep: chaga
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: трутови́к
sense_list:
A parasitic fungus of trees, usually birch, found on the circumboreal region of the Northern hemisphere, Inonotus obliquus.


lexentry: eng/chaga__Noun__1
written_rep: chaga
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: чага | пакля | трутови́к | тютяк
sense_list:
The irregular conk of this fungus, used in East European folk medicine to treat a number of conditions.


lexentry: eng/chagrin__Noun__1
written_rep: chagrin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: огорче́ние | доса́да
sense_list:
Distress of mind caused by a failure of aims or plans, want of appreciation, mistakes etc; vexation or mortification.


lexentry: eng/chain__Noun__1
written_rep: chain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: цепо́чка | цепь
sense_list:
(mathematics, set theory, order theory) A totally ordered set, especially a totally ordered subset of a poset. | (algebraic topology, originally) A formal sum of cells in a CW complex of a certain dimension k (in which case the formal sums are called k-chains); a formal sum of simplices or cubes of a certain dimension in a simplical complex or cubical complex (respectively).


lexentry: eng/chain_drive__Noun__1
written_rep: chain drive
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цепна́я переда́ча
sense_list:
(mechanics) transmission system in which power is transferred to the wheels (for example), by means of a chain.


lexentry: eng/chain_letter__Noun__1
written_rep: chain letter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: письмо́ счастья
sense_list:
A letter that can be mailed successively to different recipients, with each recipient ostensibly (but sometimes sarcastically) being instructed in the body of the letter to mail the letter to another person or persons.


lexentry: eng/chain_reaction__Noun__1
written_rep: chain reaction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: цепна́я реа́кция | цепная реакция
sense_list:
(nuclear physics) A nuclear reaction in which particles produced by the fission of one atom trigger fissions of other atoms. | (figurative) A series of events, each one causing or influencing the next.


lexentry: eng/chain_shot__Noun__1
written_rep: chain shot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цепно́й кни́ппель
sense_list:
(historical, military, nautical) A projectile consisting of two cannon balls or half balls linked by a chain, fired from cannons mostly to attack spars and rigging.


lexentry: eng/chain_smoker__Noun__1
written_rep: chain smoker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зая́длый кури́льщик
sense_list:
One who smokes continuously, by lighting one cigarette when they finish another, as in a chain. | One who habitually smokes excessively.


lexentry: eng/chain_stay__Noun__1
written_rep: chain stay
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: нижнее перо
sense_list:
(cycling) One of the two frame tubes that run horizontally from the bottom bracket shell back to the rear dropouts.


lexentry: eng/chain_store__Noun__1
written_rep: chain store
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: магази́н сети́ | сетево́й магази́н | филиа́л
sense_list:
A retail outlet that is one of a group of similar establishments having common format, contents, ownership and management.


lexentry: eng/chainring__Noun__1
written_rep: chainring
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: корона
sense_list:
The large forward ring on a bicycle that a chain attaches to, in order to transfer energy to a wheel. It consists of one or more sprockets that are driven by the cranks and pedals of the bicycle.


lexentry: eng/chainsaw__Noun__1
written_rep: chainsaw
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цепна́я пила́ | бензопила́ | бензопила
sense_list:
(forestry, machinery, DIY) A power saw that has a power-driven and fast-revolving chain of metal teeth, usually used to cut trees.


lexentry: eng/chair__Noun__1
written_rep: chair
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: стул
sense_list:
An item of furniture used to sit on or in, comprising a seat, legs or wheels, back, and sometimes arm rests, for use by one person.


lexentry: eng/chaise_longue__Noun__1
written_rep: chaise longue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шезло́нг
sense_list:
(chiefly, _, UK) A reclining chair with a long seat, which can support the outstretched legs of a sitter normally with one armrest.


lexentry: eng/chakra__Noun__1
written_rep: chakra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ча́кра | чакра
sense_list:
(Hinduism, Ayurveda) Any of (at least) seven centres of spiritual energy in or near the body, according to Ayurveda philosophy.


lexentry: eng/chalcedony__Noun__1
written_rep: chalcedony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: халцедо́н | халцедон
sense_list:
A form of fine-grained quartz that is nearly transparent or has a milky translucence; it fractures conchoidally.


lexentry: eng/chalcogen__Noun__1
written_rep: chalcogen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: халькоге́н
sense_list:
(inorganic chemistry) Any element of group 16 of the periodic table: oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium or polonium.


lexentry: eng/chalcopyrite__Noun__1
written_rep: chalcopyrite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: халькопири́т
sense_list:
(mineral) A yellow mineral that is a mixed sulfide of copper and iron, with the chemical formula CuFeS2.


lexentry: eng/chalet__Noun__1
written_rep: chalet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: шале́
sense_list:
(Singapore) A recreational lodge or small house within the grounds of a country club, resort, clubhouse or other recreational space, used for events, staycations and social gatherings.


lexentry: eng/chalice__Noun__1
written_rep: chalice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: поти́р | ку́бок | ча́ша
sense_list:
A large drinking cup, often having a stem and base and used especially for formal occasions and religious ceremonies.


lexentry: eng/chalk__Noun__1
written_rep: chalk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: мел | мело́к
sense_list:
(countable) A piece of chalk, or nowadays processed compressed gypsum (calcium sulfate, CaSO4), that is used for drawing and for writing on a blackboard (chalkboard).


lexentry: eng/chalk_and_cheese__Noun__1
written_rep: chalk and cheese
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: не́бо и земля́ | не́бо от земли́
sense_list:
(British, NZ, idiomatic) Said of things that are very different, though possibly superficially alike.


lexentry: eng/challah__Noun__1
written_rep: challah
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ха́ла
sense_list:
(countable) A traditional bread eaten by Ashkenazi Jews, usually braided for the Sabbath and round for a yom tov.


lexentry: eng/challenge__Noun__1
written_rep: challenge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
sense_list:
A difficult task, especially one that the person making the attempt finds more enjoyable because of that difficulty.

trans_list:
[[сложный|сло́жная]] [[зада́ча]] | [[трудный|тру́дная]] [[зада́ча]] | вы́зов | испыта́ние | че́ллендж


lexentry: eng/challenge__Noun__1
written_rep: challenge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: вы́зов | вызов
sense_list:
(legal, rare) A judge's interest in the result of a case, constituting grounds for them to not be allowed to sit the case (e.g., a conflict of interest).


lexentry: eng/challenger__Noun__1
written_rep: challenger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: претенде́нт
sense_list:
One who challenges; especially, one who plays against the current champion of a game or contest in hopes of winning and becoming the new champion.


lexentry: eng/chamber__Noun__1
written_rep: chamber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ко́мната
sense_list:
(dated, usually, in the plural) Rooms in a lodging house. | The private room of an individual, especially of someone wealthy or noble.


lexentry: eng/chamber__Noun__1
written_rep: chamber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: ка́мора | патро́нник
sense_list:
(firearms) The area holding the ammunition round at the initiation of its discharge. | (firearms) One of the bullet-holding compartments in the cylinder of a revolver.


lexentry: eng/chamber_orchestra__Noun__1
written_rep: chamber orchestra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ка́мерный орке́стр
sense_list:
An orchestra of modest size, to play chamber music, yet larger than the various chamber ensembles named after their number of instruments (from duo to nonet).


lexentry: eng/chamber_pot__Noun__1
written_rep: chamber pot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: горшо́к | ночно́й горшо́к
sense_list:
A container used for urination and defecation, particularly those used in early modern towns before the advent of the flush toilet.


lexentry: eng/chamberlain__Noun__1
written_rep: chamberlain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: камерге́р | камергер
sense_list:
A senior royal official in charge of superintending the arrangement of domestic affairs and often charged with receiving and paying out money kept in the royal chamber, especially in the United Kingdom and in Denmark.


lexentry: eng/chameleon__Noun__1
written_rep: chameleon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хамелео́н | хамелеон
sense_list:
A small to mid-size reptile, of the family Chamaeleonidae, and one of the best known lizard families able to change color and project its long tongue.


lexentry: eng/champ_at_the_bit__Verb__1
written_rep: champ at the bit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: закуси́ть удила́
sense_list:
(intransitive, horses) To bite the bit, especially when restless. | (intransitive, idiomatic, of a person) To show impatience or frustration when delayed.


lexentry: eng/champagne__Noun__1
written_rep: champagne
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шампа́нское | шампанское
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) A sparkling white wine made from a blend of grapes, especially Chardonnay and pinot, produced in Champagne, France, by the méthode champenoise.


lexentry: eng/chancel__Noun__1
written_rep: chancel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пресвите́рий | хор
sense_list:
The space around the altar in a church, often enclosed, for use by the clergy and the choir. In medieval cathedrals the chancel was usually enclosed or blocked off from the nave by an altar screen.


lexentry: eng/chancellor__Noun__1
written_rep: chancellor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ка́нцлер | канцлер
sense_list:
A senior secretary or official with administrative or legal duties, sometimes in charge of some area of government such as finance or justice. | The head of the government in some German-speaking countries.


lexentry: eng/chancellor__Noun__1
written_rep: chancellor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: [[старшина́]] [[присяжный|прися́жных]] | ре́ктор
sense_list:
(Christianity) A senior record keeper of a cathedral; a senior legal officer for a bishop or diocese in charge of hearing cases involving ecclesiastical law.


lexentry: eng/change__Noun__1
written_rep: change
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: ме́лочь
sense_list:
(uncountable) An amount of cash, usually in the form of coins, but sometimes inclusive of paper money.


lexentry: eng/change_horses_in_midstream__Verb__1
written_rep: change horses in midstream
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: меня́ть коне́й на перепра́ве
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To change one's plan or approach when an effort is already underway or at another inopportune time.


lexentry: eng/changeling__Noun__1
written_rep: changeling
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: подме́ныш
sense_list:
(European folklore, also, figurative) In pre-modern European folklore: an infant of a magical creature that was secretly exchanged for a human infant. In British, Irish and Scandinavian mythology the exchanged infants were thought to be those of fairies, sprites or trolls; in other places, they were ascribed to demons, devils, or witches.


lexentry: eng/changing_room__Noun__1
written_rep: changing room
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: примерочная
sense_list:
A room or enclosure, e.g. in a clothes shop, where people try on clothes they are interested in buying.


lexentry: eng/channel__Noun__1
written_rep: channel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: кана́л
sense_list:
The natural or man-made deeper course through a reef, bar, bay, or any shallow body of water. | (electronics) A connection between initiating and terminating nodes of a circuit. | (communication) The part that connects a data source to a data sink. | (communication) A path for conveying electrical or electromagnetic signals, usually distinguished from other parallel paths. | (communication) A single path provided by a transmission medium via physical separation, such as by multipair cable. | (communication) A single path provided by a transmission medium via spectral or protocol separation, such as by frequency or time-division multiplexing. | (broadcasting) A specific radio frequency or band of frequencies, usually in conjunction with a predetermined letter, number, or codeword, and allocated by international agreement.


lexentry: eng/channel__Noun__1
written_rep: channel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 17
trans_list: ло́же | ру́сло
sense_list:
(storage) The portion of a storage medium, such as a track or a band, that is accessible to a given reading or writing station or head.


lexentry: eng/channelize__Verb__1
written_rep: channelize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: канализировать
sense_list:
(transitive) To form a channel, especially by deepening or altering the course of a river. | (transitive) To transmit through a channel.


lexentry: eng/chanterelle__Noun__1
written_rep: chanterelle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лиси́чка | лисичка
sense_list:
(mushroom) A widely distributed edible mushroom, Cantharellus cibarius, being yellow and trumpet-shaped; or any similar mushroom of the genera Cantharellus, Polyozellus or Gomphus, not all of which are edible.


lexentry: eng/chaos__Noun__1
written_rep: chaos
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ха́ос | хао́с
sense_list:
(mathematics) A behaviour of iterative non-linear systems in which arbitrarily small variations in initial conditions become magnified over time.


lexentry: eng/chaos_theory__Noun__1
written_rep: chaos theory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тео́рия ха́оса
sense_list:
(mathematics) The study of iterative non-linear systems in which arbitrarily small variations in initial conditions become magnified over time.


lexentry: eng/chap__Verb__1
written_rep: chap
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: тре́скаться
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause to open in slits or chinks; to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough.


lexentry: eng/chapbook__Noun__1
written_rep: chapbook
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: памфлет
sense_list:
A small book, usually made from a single sheet, folded several times, containing poems, ballads or religious tracts.


lexentry: eng/chapel__Noun__1
written_rep: chapel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: капе́лла | капли́ца | часо́вня | часовня
sense_list:
(UK) A place of worship of a denomination not in conformity with the Church of England, usually Protestant.


lexentry: eng/chapelmaster__Noun__1
written_rep: chapelmaster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: капельме́йстер
sense_list:
A director of music in a chapel, the musical director of a court and/or major church's choir and/or orchestra; often also a composer.


lexentry: eng/chaperone__Noun__1
written_rep: chaperone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дуэ́нья
sense_list:
An older person who accompanies other younger people to ensure the propriety of their behaviour, often an older woman accompanying a young woman.


lexentry: eng/chaplain__Noun__1
written_rep: chaplain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: капелла́н | капеллан
sense_list:
A member of a religious body who is (often, although not always, of the clergy) officially assigned to provide pastoral care at an institution, group, private chapel, etc.


lexentry: eng/chapter__Noun__1
written_rep: chapter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: глава́ | разде́л | отделе́ние | филиа́л
sense_list:
A section of a work, a collection of works, or fragments of works, often manuscripts or transcriptions, created by scholars or advocates, not the original authors, to aid in finding portions of the texts.


lexentry: eng/char_kway_teow__Noun__1
written_rep: char kway teow
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чар квай тео́в
sense_list:
(Singapore, Malaysia) A Southeast Asian noodle dish made from flat rice noodles, soy sauce, chili, prawns and other common stir-fry ingredients.


lexentry: eng/char_siu__Noun__1
written_rep: char siu
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чаша́о
sense_list:
A style of preparation of barbecued pork in Cantonese cuisine, typically using honey and spices. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/charabanc__Noun__1
written_rep: charabanc
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шараба́н
sense_list:
(British, historical) A horse-drawn, and then later, motorized omnibus with open sides, and often, no roof.


lexentry: eng/character__Noun__1
written_rep: character
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: персона́ж | ли́чность
sense_list:
(countable) A unique or extraordinary individual; a person characterized by peculiar or notable traits, especially charisma.


lexentry: eng/character__Noun__1
written_rep: character
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: знак | нрав | си́мвол | хара́ктер
sense_list:
(countable, computing) One of the basic elements making up a text file or string: a code representing a printing character or a control character.


lexentry: eng/character_reference__Noun__1
written_rep: character reference
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: характери́стика
sense_list:
A statement concerning the character of a person, typically for submission during a job application or court proceeding.


lexentry: eng/charango__Noun__1
written_rep: charango
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чаранго
sense_list:
A small guitar-like stringed instrument with five courses of eighteen to fifteen strings, originating in traditional Andean folk music.


lexentry: eng/charcoal__Noun__1
written_rep: charcoal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: древе́сный у́голь | у́голь
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) impure carbon obtained by destructive distillation of wood or other organic matter, that is, heating it in the absence of oxygen.


lexentry: eng/charcoal_burner__Noun__1
written_rep: charcoal burner
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: у́гольщик
sense_list:
A person whose job it is to make charcoal, traditionally by carbonizing wood in a charcoal clamp or a kiln.


lexentry: eng/chard__Noun__1
written_rep: chard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: манго́льд | свёкла
sense_list:
(uncountable, culinary) An edible leafy vegetable, Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla, with a slightly bitter taste.


lexentry: eng/charge-coupled_device__Noun__1
written_rep: charge-coupled device
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ПЗС | прибо́р с заря́довой свя́зью
sense_list:
A device for the movement of electrical charge, usually from within the device to an area where the charge can be manipulated, for example by conversion into a digital value.


lexentry: eng/charge__Noun__1
written_rep: charge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: подопе́чный
sense_list:
Someone or something entrusted to one's care, such as a child to a babysitter or a student to a teacher.


lexentry: eng/charge__Verb__1
written_rep: charge
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: To assign a duty or responsibility to; to order.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
[[вмени́ть]] в [[обя́занность]] | [[вменя́ть]] в [[обя́занность]] | [[снима́ть]] [[плата|пла́ту]] | взима́ть | возлага́ть | возложи́ть


lexentry: eng/charge__Verb__1
written_rep: charge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 11
trans_list: заряди́ть | заряжа́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause to take on an electric charge. | (transitive) To load equipment with material required for its use, as a firearm with powder, a fire hose with water, a chemical reactor with raw materials.


lexentry: eng/charge__Verb__1
written_rep: charge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 11
trans_list: заряди́ться | заряжа́ться
sense_list:
(transitive) To replenish energy to (a battery, or a device containing a battery) by use of an electrical device plugged into a power outlet.


lexentry: eng/charge__Verb__1
written_rep: charge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 12
trans_list: загружа́ть | загрузи́ть | обремени́ть | обременя́ть
sense_list:
(cricket, of a, batsman) To take a few steps down the pitch towards the bowler as they deliver the ball, either to disrupt the length of the delivery, or to get into a better position to hit the ball. | (transitive, of a, hunting dog) To lie on the belly and be still. (A command given by a hunter to a dog)


lexentry: eng/charger__Noun__1
written_rep: charger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: строева́я ло́шадь | строево́й конь
sense_list:
(historical, military) A large horse trained for battle and used by the cavalry (of a lighter build than a destrier).


lexentry: eng/chargé_d'affaires__Noun__1
written_rep: chargé d'affaires
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пове́ренная в дела́х | пове́ренный в дела́х
sense_list:
(diplomacy) A diplomat, ranking below an ambassador, who heads a diplomatic mission when no ambassador is present, either temporarily (in the interim between the departure of one ambassador and the accreditation of another) or for an extended time.


lexentry: eng/charism__Noun__1
written_rep: charism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: харизма
sense_list:
(Christianity, theology, rare) A power or authority, generally of a spiritual nature, believed to be a freely given gift by the Grace of God.


lexentry: eng/charismatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: charismatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: харизмати́ческий | харизмати́чный
sense_list:
Of, related to, or having charisma: having a form of compelling charm which inspires devotion in others due to their strength of character and being full of personality; charming, fascinating, magnetic


lexentry: eng/charity__Noun__1
written_rep: charity
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: (countable) An organization, the objective of which is to carry out a charitable purpose.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
благотвори́тельная организа́ция | благотвори́тельное о́бщество | благотвори́тельный фонд | богаде́льня


lexentry: eng/charity__Noun__1
written_rep: charity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: благотвори́тельность | благотворительность
sense_list:
(uncountable) Benevolence to others less fortunate than ourselves; the providing of goods or money to those in need.


lexentry: eng/charity__Noun__1
written_rep: charity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: милосе́рдие | благотворительность
sense_list:
In general, an attitude of kindness and understanding towards others, now especially suggesting generosity. | (archaic, Christianity) Christian love; representing God's love of man, man's love of God, or man's love of his fellow-men.


lexentry: eng/charity_shop__Noun__1
written_rep: charity shop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: благотворительный магазин | черитишоп
sense_list:
(UK) A retail establishment run by a charitable organization in order to raise funds for its causes.


lexentry: eng/charlock__Noun__1
written_rep: charlock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: горчи́ца полева́я
sense_list:
Any of several yellow-flowered cruciferous weeds of grain fields, especially wild mustard (Rhamphospermum arvense, syn. Sinapis arvensis).


lexentry: eng/charm__Noun__1
written_rep: charm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: брело́к | брелок
sense_list:
A small trinket on a bracelet or chain, etc., traditionally supposed to confer luck upon the wearer.


lexentry: eng/charm__Noun__1
written_rep: charm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: очарова́ние
sense_list:
(particle physics) A quantum number of hadrons determined by the number of charm quarks and antiquarks.


lexentry: eng/charm__Noun__1
written_rep: charm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: обая́ние | очарова́ние | ча́ры | шарм
sense_list:
(finance) A second-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the instantaneous rate of change of delta with respect to time.


lexentry: eng/charm__Verb__1
written_rep: charm
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: околдо́вывать | зачаро́вывать | зачарова́ть | околдова́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To use a magical charm upon; to subdue, control, or summon by incantation or supernatural influence; to ensorcel or exert a magical effect on.


lexentry: eng/charm_quark__Noun__1
written_rep: charm quark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: очаро́ванный кварк
sense_list:
(particle) A quark having a fractional electric charge of +\frac{2}{3} and a mass of about 1150 to 1350 MeV.Symbol: c


lexentry: eng/chart_of_accounts__Noun__1
written_rep: chart of accounts
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: план счето́в
sense_list:
(accounting) A list of financial accounts set up, usually by an accountant, for an organization, and available for use by the bookkeeper for recording transactions in the organization's general ledger.


lexentry: eng/charter__Noun__1
written_rep: charter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: уста́в | ха́ртия
sense_list:
A document issued by some authority, creating a public or private institution, and defining its purposes and privileges.


lexentry: eng/chartist__Noun__1
written_rep: chartist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чартист
sense_list:
(finance) A financial analyst who attempts to predict future movements in the prices of shares or other financial instruments by looking for patterns in charts of historical data.


lexentry: eng/charwoman__Noun__1
written_rep: charwoman
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: домрабо́тница | подёнщица | убо́рщица
sense_list:
(chiefly, British) A woman employed to do housework, traditionally coming and going on a daily basis and paid weekly wages.


lexentry: eng/chase__Noun__1
written_rep: chase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: го́нка | пого́ня | пресле́дование
sense_list:
(real tennis) The occurrence of a second bounce by the ball in certain areas of the court, giving the server the chance, later in the game, to "play off" the chase from the receiving end and possibly win the point.


lexentry: eng/chastity__Noun__1
written_rep: chastity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: целому́дрие | неви́нность | непоро́чность
sense_list:
The quality of being chaste: the state of abstaining from any sexual activity considered immoral; avoidance of sexual sins.


lexentry: eng/chastity_belt__Noun__1
written_rep: chastity belt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пояс верности | пояс невинности
sense_list:
A belt-like garment, designed to be worn over the genitals and locked to prevent sexual intercourse, typically for long periods of time, to maintain chastity, prevent masturbation, or to enforce BDSM submission.


lexentry: eng/chat__Noun__1
written_rep: chat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: чат | бесе́да | разгово́р
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) An exchange of text or voice messages in real time through a computer network, resembling a face-to-face conversation.


lexentry: eng/chat__Noun__1
written_rep: chat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: чека́н
sense_list:
(countable) Any of various small Old World passerine birds in the muscicapid tribe Saxicolini or subfamily Saxicolinae that feed on insects.


lexentry: eng/chat__Verb__1
written_rep: chat
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: ча́титься | беседовать
sense_list:
To exchange text or voice messages in real time through a computer network such as a social media chat room or messaging application (as if having a face-to-face conversation instead of SMS or writing emails or letters).


lexentry: eng/chat_up__Verb__1
written_rep: chat up
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: включать
sense_list:
(transitive, idiomatic) To talk to (someone) in a friendly, open, or casual manner, sometimes also in a charming or affected manner, usually to curry favor, and sometimes flirtatiously with the intention of establishing a romantic or sexual encounter or relationship with that person.


lexentry: eng/chatelaine__Noun__1
written_rep: chatelaine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: шателен | шатлен | шатленка
sense_list:
(historical) A chain or clasp worn at the waist by women with handkerchief, keys, etc., attached, supposed to resemble the chain of keys once worn by medieval chatelaines.


lexentry: eng/chauffeur__Noun__1
written_rep: chauffeur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шофёр | [[персона́льный]] [[води́тель]] | води́тель | води́тельница
sense_list:
A person employed to drive a private motor car or a hired car of executive or luxury class (like a limousine).


lexentry: eng/chauvinism__Noun__1
written_rep: chauvinism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шовини́зм | шовинизм
sense_list:
(pejorative) Excessive patriotism, eagerness for national superiority; jingoism. | (pejorative) Unwarranted bias, favoritism, or devotion to one's own particular group, cause, or idea.


lexentry: eng/chav__Noun__1
written_rep: chav
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: го́пник
sense_list:
(UK, MLE, Ireland, derogatory, offensive ) A working-class youth, especially one associated with aggression, poor education, and a perceived "common" taste in clothing and lifestyle.


lexentry: eng/cheat__Noun__1
written_rep: cheat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: ве́рю-не-ве́рю
sense_list:
(card games) A card game where the goal is to have no cards remaining in a hand, often by telling lies.


lexentry: eng/cheat__Noun__1
written_rep: cheat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: чит
sense_list:
(video games) A hidden means of gaining an unfair advantage in a video game, often by entering a cheat code.


lexentry: eng/cheat__Verb__1
written_rep: cheat
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: обма́нывать | обману́ть
sense_list:
(intransitive) To be unfaithful to one's spouse or partner; to commit adultery, or to engage in sexual or romantic conduct with a person other than one's partner in contravention of the rules of society or agreement in the relationship. | (transitive) To deceive; to fool; to trick.


lexentry: eng/cheat_sheet__Noun__1
written_rep: cheat sheet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шпарга́лка | шпо́ра
sense_list:
A sheet of paper (or a digital analogue thereof) containing notes used to assist (with or without permission) on a test; especially, such a sheet used secretly and improperly.


lexentry: eng/check__Noun__2
written_rep: check
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кле́тка
sense_list:
(textiles, usually, pluralized) A pattern made up of a grid of squares of alternating colors; a checkered pattern.


lexentry: eng/check_in__Verb__1
written_rep: check in
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зарегистри́роваться | регистри́роваться
sense_list:
To announce or record one's own arrival at a hotel, airport etc. | (intransitive, Netherlands, NNSE) to tap on, to touch in, to tap in (to use a smartcard to start a public transport journey)


lexentry: eng/check_out__Verb__1
written_rep: check out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: дать ду́ба | прове́рить | проверя́ть | распла́чиваться | расплати́ться | сдо́хнуть
sense_list:
(transitive) To examine, inspect, look at closely, ogle; to investigate; to gather information so as to make a decision.


lexentry: eng/check_out__Verb__1
written_rep: check out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: брать | взять | смота́ться | смы́ться | улизну́ть
sense_list:
(intransitive) To become uninterested in an activity and cease to participate in more than a perfunctory manner; to become uncooperative.


lexentry: eng/checkbox__Noun__1
written_rep: checkbox
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: га́лочка | переключа́тель | флажо́к | чекбо́кс
sense_list:
(graphical user interface) An on-screen box that can be optionally filled with a check mark, to enable or disable a setting.


lexentry: eng/checked_exception__Noun__1
written_rep: checked exception
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отме́ченное исключе́ние
sense_list:
(programming) An exception that has to be declared in the signature of the method that may raise it.


lexentry: eng/checkerboard__Noun__1
written_rep: checkerboard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ша́хматная доска́
sense_list:
A board, usually square, covered with such a pattern; especially such a board with 8×8 squares, used to play chess and draughts/checkers.


lexentry: eng/checkered__Adjective__1
written_rep: checkered
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: изме́нчивый | пёстрый | разнообра́зный
sense_list:
(figurative) Changeable; inconsistent; having variations or uncertainty; marked by many problems or failures.


lexentry: eng/checkmate__Noun__1
written_rep: checkmate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мат | шах и мат
sense_list:
The conclusive victory in a game of chess that occurs when an opponent's king is threatened with unavoidable capture.


lexentry: eng/checkpoint__Noun__1
written_rep: checkpoint
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: КПП | блокпо́ст | контро́льно-пропускно́й пункт | пункт про́пуска
sense_list:
A point or place where a check is performed, especially a point along a road or on a frontier where travellers are stopped for inspection


lexentry: eng/checkpoint__Noun__1
written_rep: checkpoint
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: измери́тельная то́чка | контро́льная то́чка | то́чка прове́рки
sense_list:
(computing) A situation, often represented by a point in time, at which the state of a database system is known to be valid, and to which it can be returned in the event of a crisis by using a combination of backups and logs; the data stored at this event.


lexentry: eng/checks_and_balances__Noun__1
written_rep: checks and balances
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: систе́ма сде́ржек и противове́сов
sense_list:
(politics) A system for multiple branches of government wherein each has some control over the actions of each of the others.


lexentry: eng/checksum__Noun__1
written_rep: checksum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: контро́льная су́мма
sense_list:
(mathematics, computing) A number, derived by applying a suitable algorithm to some data, used to check whether errors have occurred in transmission, storage or data entry.


lexentry: eng/cheek__Noun__1
written_rep: cheek
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: щека́ | щека
sense_list:
(anatomy) The soft skin on each side of the face, below the eyes; the outer surface of the sides of the oral cavity.


lexentry: eng/cheek__Noun__1
written_rep: cheek
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: полупо́пие | щека́
sense_list:
(anatomy, informal, usually, in the plural) The lower part of the buttocks that is often exposed beneath very brief underwear, swimwear, or extremely short shorts.


lexentry: eng/cheek__Noun__1
written_rep: cheek
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: мик
sense_list:
(nautical) pump-cheek, pump-cheeks, a piece of wood cut out fork-shaped in which the brake is fastened by means of a bolt and can thus move around and move the upper box of the pump up and down


lexentry: eng/cheeky__Adjective__1
written_rep: cheeky
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: беззасте́нчивый | де́рзкий | на́глый | наха́льный
sense_list:
(informal) Impudent; impertinent; impertinently bold, often in a way that is regarded as endearing or amusing.


lexentry: eng/cheerleader__Noun__1
written_rep: cheerleader
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чирли́дер | чирли́дерша
sense_list:
(chiefly, US) A person, usually a young, attractive female, who encourages applause and cheers at a sports event, and wearing a specially-designed uniform in the official colors of the team he/she cheers for.


lexentry: eng/cheerleading__Noun__1
written_rep: cheerleading
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: черли́динг | чирли́динг
sense_list:
A physical activity in which cheerleaders organize elements of dance, gymnastics, and tumbling for judgment or to cheer on a team.


lexentry: eng/cheers__Interjection__1
written_rep: cheers
part_of_speech: interjection
sense_list: A common toast used when drinking in company.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
бу́дем здоро́вы | ва́ше здоро́вье | за ва́ше здоро́вье | за здоро́вье | за твоё здоро́вье | пей до дна́


lexentry: eng/cheers__Interjection__1
written_rep: cheers
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: пока́
sense_list:
(chiefly, Commonwealth, informal) goodbye, especially as a sign-off in an email or after writing a comment.


lexentry: eng/cheese_mite__Noun__1
written_rep: cheese mite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сы́рный клещ
sense_list:
Any of several species of mite that thrive on the surface of cheese and feed on it. They are used on purpose in production of some types of cheese to give the cheese a distinct flavor.


lexentry: eng/cheesecake__Noun__1
written_rep: cheesecake
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ватру́шка | творо́жный пиро́г | творо́жный пу́динг | чи́зкейк | чизке́йк
sense_list:
(countable, and, uncountable, obsolete) A pie made of cream, eggs and milk (somewhat resembling the modern American chess cake).


lexentry: eng/cheesecloth__Noun__1
written_rep: cheesecloth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ма́рля
sense_list:
A loosely woven cotton gauze, originally used to wrap cheese, but now used for various culinary tasks and by farmers to shade crops and keep birds off.


lexentry: eng/cheeselet__Noun__1
written_rep: cheeselet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: джбейна
sense_list:
(chiefly, Malta) A small, usually roundish lump of cheese; a baby cheese; specifically, a particular type made with sheep's milk in Malta.


lexentry: eng/cheetah__Noun__1
written_rep: cheetah
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гепа́рд | гепард
sense_list:
(cat) A distinctive member (Acinonyx jubatus) of the cat family, slightly smaller than the leopard, but with proportionately longer limbs and a smaller head; native to Africa and southeast Asia (where it is nearly extinct) and also credited with being the fastest terrestrial animal.


lexentry: eng/chef's_knife__Noun__1
written_rep: chef's knife
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: поварско́й нож
sense_list:
A type of general purpose kitchen knife used for food preparation, typically measuring eight inches by one and a half inches.


lexentry: eng/chelicera__Noun__1
written_rep: chelicera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хелицеры
sense_list:
(zoology) Either of the prehensile claws found on the proboscis of chelicerates (horseshoe crabs, sea spiders and arachnids).


lexentry: eng/chelone__Noun__1
written_rep: chelone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хелоне
sense_list:
(botany) Chelone, a genus of four species of perennial herbaceous plants that are native to eastern North America.


lexentry: eng/chemical_composition__Noun__1
written_rep: chemical composition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хими́ческий соста́в
sense_list:
(physical chemistry) The identities, and relative numbers, of the elements that make up any particular compound


lexentry: eng/chemical_compound__Noun__1
written_rep: chemical compound
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сло́жное вещество́ | хими́ческое соедине́ние
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any substance formed by the union of two or more chemical elements in a fixed ratio, the union being a chemical bond.


lexentry: eng/chemical_element__Noun__1
written_rep: chemical element
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: хими́ческий элеме́нт | химический элемент
sense_list:
(chemistry) A chemical substance made entirely of one such type of atom; any one of the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction or by any chemical means and made up of atoms all having the same number of protons.


lexentry: eng/chemical_engineering__Noun__1
written_rep: chemical engineering
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: химическая технология
sense_list:
The branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction and operation of industrial process plants, and the physical, chemical and biological processes to create substances or energy in a useful and economic form.


lexentry: eng/chemical_equation__Noun__1
written_rep: chemical equation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: уравне́ние хими́ческой реа́кции | хими́ческое уравне́ние
sense_list:
(chemistry) a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction; reactants are represented on the left, and products on the right


lexentry: eng/chemical_reaction__Noun__1
written_rep: chemical reaction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хими́ческая реа́кция | химическая реакция
sense_list:
(chemistry) A process, typically involving the breaking or making of interatomic bonds, in which one or more substances are changed into others.


lexentry: eng/chemical_toilet__Noun__1
written_rep: chemical toilet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: переносно́й | туале́т | хими́ческий туале́т
sense_list:
A toilet or chamber pot which treats waste in place with chemical disinfectants and deodorizers, as in airplane lavatories.


lexentry: eng/chemical_warfare__Noun__1
written_rep: chemical warfare
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хими́ческая война́
sense_list:
(military) The use of toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons of war, through the intentional exposure of enemy forces to such substances.


lexentry: eng/chemistry__Noun__1
written_rep: chemistry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: химия | хи́мия
sense_list:
(uncountable) The branch of natural science that deals with the composition and constitution of substances and the changes that they undergo as a consequence of alterations in the constitution of their molecules.


lexentry: eng/chemistry__Noun__1
written_rep: chemistry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: хи́мио- | химия
sense_list:
(countable) An application of chemical theory and method to a particular substance. | (medicine, countable, informal, sometimes, proscribed) A blood test to measure the amount of various components of the serum (such as electrolytes, creatinine, and glucose).


lexentry: eng/chemoreceptor__Noun__1
written_rep: chemoreceptor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хемореце́птор
sense_list:
a sense organ, or one of its cells (such as those for the sense of taste or smell), that can respond to a chemical stimulus; a chemosensor


lexentry: eng/chemosynthesis__Noun__1
written_rep: chemosynthesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хемоси́нтез
sense_list:
the production of carbohydrates and other compounds from simple compounds such as carbon dioxide, using the oxidation of chemical nutrients as a source of energy rather than sunlight; it is limited to certain bacteria and fungi


lexentry: eng/chemotherapy__Noun__1
written_rep: chemotherapy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: химиотерапи́я | химиотерапия
sense_list:
(oncology, most common usage) chemical treatment to kill or halt the replication and/or spread of cancerous cells in a patient.


lexentry: eng/chemtrail__Noun__1
written_rep: chemtrail
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: химиотрасса | химтрейл
sense_list:
(often, in plural) A contrail consisting of chemicals or biological agents deliberately sprayed at high altitudes, according to certain conspiracy theories.


lexentry: eng/chengyu__Noun__1
written_rep: chengyu
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чэнъю́й
sense_list:
(linguistics) A certain kind of Chinese set phrase originating in Classical Chinese, typically four characters in length, and usually proverbial.


lexentry: eng/cherimoya__Noun__1
written_rep: cherimoya
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: черимойя
sense_list:
A subtropical tree, of species Annona cherimola, native to mountainous areas of South America. | A conical fruit with white flesh from that tree.


lexentry: eng/chernozem__Noun__1
written_rep: chernozem
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чернозём
sense_list:
(soil science) A fertile black soil containing a very high percentage of humus (3% to 15%) and high percentages of phosphoric acids, phosphorus and ammonia.


lexentry: eng/cherry-pick__Verb__1
written_rep: cherry-pick
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: снимать сливки
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To pick out the best or most desirable items from a list or group, especially to obtain some advantage or to present something in the best possible light.


lexentry: eng/cherry__Adjective__1
written_rep: cherry
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вишнёвый
sense_list:
Containing or having the taste of cherries. | (informal, often, of cars) In excellent condition; mint condition.


lexentry: eng/cherry__Noun__1
written_rep: cherry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вишнёвый | вишня
sense_list:
A small fruit, usually red, black or yellow, with a smooth hard seed and a short hard stem. | Prunus subg. Cerasus, trees or shrubs that bear cherries. | Cherry red. | (graph theory) A subtree consisting of a node with exactly two leaves. | (cricket, slang) A red cricket ball. | (cricket, slang) A reddish mark left on the bat by the impact of the ball. | A round, red light of the kind that is typically mounted on top of a police car. | The burning tip of a cigarette.


lexentry: eng/cherry_laurel__Noun__1
written_rep: cherry laurel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лаврови́шня
sense_list:
An evergreen cherry in the section Prunus sect. Laurocerasus, some of which are cultivated as ornamentals. | Prunus laurocerasus, an evergreen shrub, native to regions bordering the Black Sea in southwestern Asia.


lexentry: eng/cherry_plum__Noun__1
written_rep: cherry plum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алыча́
sense_list:
Prunus cerasifera, a deciduous ornamental Eurasian shrub or small tree, having white flowers and small red to yellow edible fruits. | The fruit of such a tree.


lexentry: eng/cherry_tree__Noun__1
written_rep: cherry tree
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чере́шня | вишня
sense_list:
A tree of the subgenus Prunus subg. Cerasus, the members of which are valued agriculturally for their fruit, the cherry, and the wood of the tree, cherrywood, used in woodworking.


lexentry: eng/chert__Noun__1
written_rep: chert
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кремни́стый известня́к | сла́нец
sense_list:
(geology, uncountable) Massive, usually dull-colored and opaque, quartzite, hornstone, impure chalcedony, or other flint-like mineral.


lexentry: eng/cherub__Noun__1
written_rep: cherub
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: херуви́м | херувим
sense_list:
(biblical) A winged creature attending God and guarding his throne described as a being with four faces (man, lion, ox, and eagle), human hands, calf hooves, four wings, and many eyes. A description can be found in Ezekiel chapter 1 and Ezekiel chapter 10; similar to a lamassu (winged bull with a human torso) in the pre-exilic texts of the Hebrew Bible, more humanoid in later texts.


lexentry: eng/chervonets__Noun__1
written_rep: chervonets
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: черво́нец | черво́нчик
sense_list:
Any of several former currencies of Russia: applied to various foreign gold coins prior to the reign of Peter I of Russia, then to a Russian gold coin of 1701-1757, and finally to a 1922 currency of the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/chess__Noun__1
written_rep: chess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шахматы | ша́хматы
sense_list:
A board game for two players, each beginning with sixteen chess pieces moving according to fixed rules across a chessboard with the objective to checkmate the opposing king.


lexentry: eng/chess_clock__Noun__1
written_rep: chess clock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шахматные часы
sense_list:
A device consisting of two clocks and a switch for running one at a time, used in chess and other games to measure how much time each player takes.


lexentry: eng/chessboard__Noun__1
written_rep: chessboard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ша́хматная доска́ | шахматная доска
sense_list:
(chess) The square board used in the game of chess, subdivided into eight rows of eight squares each, the squares in each row and column being of alternating colours.


lexentry: eng/chest__Noun__1
written_rep: chest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: грудь | грудна́я кле́тка
sense_list:
(obsolete) A coffin. | (anatomy) The portion of the human body from the base of the neck to the top of the abdomen; the homologous area in some other animals. | The front (anterior) surface of this portion of the torso. | (euphemistic, , , ) A female human's breasts. | A hit or blow made with one's chest.


lexentry: eng/chest_of_drawers__Noun__1
written_rep: chest of drawers
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: комо́д | скры́ня | шифонье́р | шкаф
sense_list:
A piece of furniture which has multiple parallel, horizontal drawers stacked one above the other, used mainly for the storage of clean clothes.


lexentry: eng/chest_wall__Noun__1
written_rep: chest wall
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: грудная клетка
sense_list:
(medicine) The set of tissues that bound the thoracic cavity, including the rib cage, fascia, muscles etc.


lexentry: eng/chevron__Noun__1
written_rep: chevron
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шевро́н
sense_list:
A V-shaped pattern; used in architecture, and as an insignia of military or police rank, on the sleeve.


lexentry: eng/chew__Verb__1
written_rep: chew
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жева́ть | жевать
sense_list:
To crush with the teeth by repeated closing and opening of the jaws; done to food to soften it and break it down by the action of saliva before it is swallowed.


lexentry: eng/chew_the_cud__Verb__1
written_rep: chew the cud
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: задумываться
sense_list:
(figuratively, idiomatic, of a person) To meditate or ponder before answering; to be deep in thought; to ruminate.


lexentry: eng/chewy__Adjective__1
written_rep: chewy
part_of_speech: adjective
sense_list: Having a pliable or springy texture when chewed.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
[[требовать|тре́бующий]] [[продолжительный|продолжи́тельного]] [[жевание|жева́ния]] | [[требовать|тре́бующий]] [[усиленный|уси́ленного]] [[жевание|жева́ния]] | жёсткий


lexentry: eng/chi-square_test__Noun__1
written_rep: chi-square test
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тест хи-квадра́т
sense_list:
(mathematics) any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic has a chi-square distribution if the null hypothesis is true


lexentry: eng/chi__Noun__2
written_rep: chi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ци | ки | чи
sense_list:
(philosophy, mysticism) A life force in traditional Chinese philosophy, culture, medicine, etc, related (but not limited) to breath and circulation.


lexentry: eng/chia_seed__Noun__1
written_rep: chia seed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[семена́]] [[чи́а]] | [[семена́]] от [[чи́а]] | [[чи́я]]-[[семя|семена́]]
sense_list:
An edible seed of Salvia hispanica, a flowering plant in the mint family native to Central America, or of the related Salvia columbariae of southwestern United States and Mexico.


lexentry: eng/chiaroscuro__Noun__1
written_rep: chiaroscuro
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кьяроску́ро | светоте́нь
sense_list:
(painting) An artistic technique developed during the Renaissance, referring to the use of strong contrasts between light and dark in order to create the illusion of volume.


lexentry: eng/chicane__Noun__1
written_rep: chicane
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: шикана
sense_list:
The use of dishonest means or subterfuge to achieve one's (especially political) goals; chicanery, trickery. [from 17th c.] | (motor racing) A sharp double bend on a racecourse, designed to prevent unsafe speeds; an obstacle creating a curve. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/chicken_out__Verb__1
written_rep: chicken out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: забзде́ть | засса́ть | испуга́ться | обосра́ться | обосса́ться | стру́сить
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To shy away from a daring task; to decline, refuse, or avoid something due to fear or uncertainty.


lexentry: eng/chickenhawk__Noun__1
written_rep: chickenhawk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лунь
sense_list:
Any of the North American hawk species (Cooper's hawk, sharp-shinned hawk and red-tailed hawk), or counterparts elsewhere, mistakenly believed to be pests.


lexentry: eng/chickling_vetch__Noun__1
written_rep: chickling vetch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чи́на посевна́я
sense_list:
A plant with edible seeds similar to peas and chickpeas of species Lathyrus sativus, used as a famine food but causing lathyrism if eaten in large amounts or over a long time.


lexentry: eng/chicory__Noun__1
written_rep: chicory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цико́рий | цикорий
sense_list:
(chiefly, Britain) Common chicory (Cichorium intybus), source of Belgian endive, radicchio, and certain other cultivars with other names.


lexentry: eng/chief_executive_officer__Noun__1
written_rep: chief executive officer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: генера́льный дире́ктор
sense_list:
(business) The highest-ranking corporate officer or executive officer of a corporation, company, or agency, responsible for carrying out the policies of the board of directors on a day-to-day basis; CEO.


lexentry: eng/chief_financial_officer__Noun__1
written_rep: chief financial officer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: финансовый директор
sense_list:
(business) The executive who is in charge of financial affairs, notably as head of a financial department, typically directly under the chief executive officer and/or the board who lead the corporation or other organisation as a whole.


lexentry: eng/chief_operating_officer__Noun__1
written_rep: chief operating officer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: директор по производству
sense_list:
(business) A corporate officer of a corporation, company, or agency, responsible for executing decisions of the chief executive officer (CEO) according to their decided schedule.


lexentry: eng/chiefly__Adverb__1
written_rep: chiefly
part_of_speech: adverb
sense_list: (focus) Mainly or principally; almost entirely.
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list:
в [[основной|основно́м]] | в [[первый|пе́рвую]] [[о́чередь]] | гла́вным о́бразом | осо́бенно | пе́рвоочерёдно


lexentry: eng/chiffchaff__Noun__1
written_rep: chiffchaff
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пе́ночка-тенько́вка | пеночка-теньковка
sense_list:
A small, common warbler, Phylloscopus collybita, with yellowish-green plumage that breeds throughout northern and temperate Europe and Asia.


lexentry: eng/chiffon__Noun__1
written_rep: chiffon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шифо́н
sense_list:
A lightweight, balanced plain-woven sheer fabric, or gauze, like gossamer, woven of alternate S- and Z-twist crepe (high-twist) yarns made of silk, polyester, or cotton.


lexentry: eng/chiffonier__Noun__1
written_rep: chiffonier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шифонье́р
sense_list:
A tall, elegant chest of drawers, often with a mirror attached. | One who gathers rags and odds and ends; a ragpicker. | A receptacle for rags or shreds.


lexentry: eng/chilblain__Noun__1
written_rep: chilblain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обморо́женное ме́сто | обмороже́ние
sense_list:
An itchy purple red inflammation of the skin, especially of the hands, feet and ears, occurring when capillaries below the skin are damaged by exposure to cold weather (but do not freeze, which would lead to frostbite instead).


lexentry: eng/child__Noun__1
written_rep: child
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ребёнок | дитя́ | ча́до
sense_list:
(with possessive) One's direct descendant by birth, regardless of age; one's offspring; a son or daughter.


lexentry: eng/child__Noun__1
written_rep: child
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: доче́рний | ребёнок
sense_list:
(computing) A data item, process, or object which has a subservient or derivative role relative to another.


lexentry: eng/child__Noun__1
written_rep: child
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: ребёнок | дитя́
sense_list:
A person considered a product of a place or culture, a member of a tribe or culture, regardless of age.


lexentry: eng/child_abuse__Noun__1
written_rep: child abuse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: наси́лие над детьми́
sense_list:
(criminology) Physical, sexual or emotional mistreatment of a child that causes long-term or permanent damage. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/child_bride__Noun__1
written_rep: child bride
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: малоле́тняя неве́ста
sense_list:
A very young bride, usually coerced or pressured into nuptials with a much older man, as practiced in some cultures.


lexentry: eng/child_labour__Noun__1
written_rep: child labour
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: де́тский труд | детский труд
sense_list:
(British spelling, Canadian spelling) Work performed by a minor that is prohibited by statute law, or under terms and conditions considered inhumane.


lexentry: eng/child_molester__Noun__1
written_rep: child molester
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: педофил
sense_list:
(criminology) Someone who has committed an act of child molestation; someone who has sexually abused a minor.


lexentry: eng/child_safety_seat__Noun__1
written_rep: child safety seat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: де́тское автокре́сло | де́тское сиде́нье | де́тское уде́рживающее устро́йство
sense_list:
A detachable seat intended to provide additional safety to infants and young children when riding in automobiles, now frequently mandated by law.


lexentry: eng/child_support__Noun__1
written_rep: child support
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алиме́нты
sense_list:
(legal) The ongoing obligation for a periodic payment made directly or indirectly by an obligor, usually the noncustodial parent, to an obligee, usually the custodial parent or other guardian, for the financial care and support of children of a relationship or marriage that has been terminated, or which never existed.


lexentry: eng/childhood__Noun__1
written_rep: childhood
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: де́тство | детство
sense_list:
(mostly, uncountable) The state of being a child. | (by extension) The early stages of development of something.


lexentry: eng/children's_home__Noun__1
written_rep: children's home
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: де́тский дом | детдо́м
sense_list:
A public institution for the care and protection of children whose parents have died or can no longer care for them.


lexentry: eng/chili__Noun__1
written_rep: chili
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: го́рький пе́рец | кра́сный пе́рец | пе́рец чи́ли | чи́ли
sense_list:
(countable) The pungent, spicy fresh or dried fruit of any of several cultivated varieties of capsicum peppers, used in cooking.


lexentry: eng/chili_oil__Noun__1
written_rep: chili oil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ма́сло из о́строго пе́рца | ра́ю
sense_list:
A spicy condiment in which crushed dried red chili peppers (and sometimes other ingredients) have been macerated in oil


lexentry: eng/chili_pepper__Noun__1
written_rep: chili pepper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: го́рький пе́рец | кра́сный пе́рец | пе́рец чи́ли
sense_list:
Any fruit of a plant of the botanical genus Capsicum, which contains capsaicin and typically has a spicy or burning flavor.


lexentry: eng/chiliasm__Noun__1
written_rep: chiliasm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хилиазм | милленаризм
sense_list:
Belief in an earthly thousand-year period of peace and prosperity, sometimes equated with the return of Jesus for that period.


lexentry: eng/chill__Noun__1
written_rep: chill
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: моро́з | озно́б | прохла́да | хо́лод
sense_list:
A sudden penetrating sense of cold, especially one that causes a brief trembling nerve response through the body; the trembling response itself; often associated with illness: fevers and chills, or susceptibility to illness.


lexentry: eng/chill__Noun__1
written_rep: chill
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: дрожь | моро́з | озно́б | прохла́да | хо́лод
sense_list:
An uncomfortable and numbing sense of fear, dread, anxiety, or alarm, often one that is sudden and usually accompanied by a trembling nerve response resembling the body's response to biting cold.


lexentry: eng/chimaera__Noun__1
written_rep: chimaera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: химера
sense_list:
A cartilaginous marine fish in the subclass Holocephali and especially the order Chimaeriformes, with a blunt snout, long tail, and a spine before the first dorsal fin


lexentry: eng/chime__Noun__1
written_rep: chime
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: звон | звоно́к | колоко́льчики | молото́к
sense_list:
(musical instruments) A musical instrument producing a sound when struck, similar to a bell (e.g. a tubular metal bar) or actually a bell. Often used in the plural to refer to the set: the chimes.


lexentry: eng/chime__Verb__1
written_rep: chime
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: звене́ть | звони́ть
sense_list:
(intransitive) To make the sound of a chime. | (transitive) To cause to sound in harmony; to play a tune, as upon a set of bells; to move or strike in harmony.


lexentry: eng/chimera__Noun__1
written_rep: chimera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: химе́ра | химера
sense_list:
(figurative) A foolish, incongruous, or vain thought or product of the imagination. | (genetics) An organism with genetically distinct cells originating from two or more zygotes.


lexentry: eng/chimera__Noun__1
written_rep: chimera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: химера
sense_list:
(zoology) , a cartilaginous marine fish in the subclass Holocephali and especially the order Chimaeriformes, with a blunt snout, long tail, and a spine before the first dorsal fin.


lexentry: eng/chimerical__Adjective__1
written_rep: chimerical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: химе́рный
sense_list:
(genetics) Resulting from the expression of two or more genes that originally coded for separate proteins.


lexentry: eng/chimney__Noun__1
written_rep: chimney
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: труба́ | дымова́я труба́ | дымохо́д
sense_list:
A vertical tube or hollow column used to emit environmentally polluting gaseous and solid matter (including but not limited to by-products of burning carbon- or hydrocarbon-based fuels); a flue.


lexentry: eng/chimney_stack__Noun__1
written_rep: chimney stack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: труба́
sense_list:
(architectural element) A vertical structure, normally of brick, rising from a roof, containing one or more flues, each one terminating in a chimney pot.


lexentry: eng/chimney_swift__Noun__1
written_rep: chimney swift
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дымчатый иглохвост
sense_list:
A rapid-flying bird that feeds on flying insects, Chaetura pelagica, with a breeding range in the eastern US extending into Canada and winter range in northwestern South America.


lexentry: eng/chimpanzee__Noun__1
written_rep: chimpanzee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шимпанзе́ | шимпанзе
sense_list:
Pan troglodytes, a species of great ape in the genus Pan, native to Africa, and believed by biologists to be the closest extant relative to humans along with the bonobo. | (broadly) A member of the genus Pan, including the bonobo which was formerly known as the pygmy chimpanzee.


lexentry: eng/chinchilla__Noun__1
written_rep: chinchilla
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шинши́лла | шиншилла
sense_list:
(countable) Either of two small, crepuscular rodents of the genus Chinchilla, native to the Andes, prized for their very soft fur and often kept as pets. | (uncountable) The fur of a chinchilla, used for clothing.


lexentry: eng/chine__Noun__1
written_rep: chine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хребе́т
sense_list:
The top of a ridge. | The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a stave.


lexentry: eng/chingadera__Noun__1
written_rep: chingadera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хуйня
sense_list:
(US, vulgar, Spanglish) A miscellaneous object for which one does not know, or has forgotten, its proper name; a doohickey, contraption, thingamabob, or widget.


lexentry: eng/chink__Verb__1
written_rep: chink
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: замазывать | затыка́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To fill an opening such as the space between logs in a log house with chinking; to caulk.


lexentry: eng/chintz__Noun__1
written_rep: chintz
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: си́тец | чинц
sense_list:
A painted or stained calico fabric, originally produced in India, and known for its brightly colored designs.


lexentry: eng/chip_on_one's_shoulder__Noun__1
written_rep: chip on one's shoulder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: блок
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A habitually combative attitude, usually because of a harboured grievance, sense of inferiority, or having something to prove.


lexentry: eng/chipmunk__Noun__1
written_rep: chipmunk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бурунду́к | бурундук
sense_list:
Any of the subtribe Tamiina of small, striped rodents; they are found in North America, with the exception of the Siberian chipmunk which is found primarily in Asia.


lexentry: eng/chipper__Noun__1
written_rep: chipper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шредер
sense_list:
(in particular, US) A machine that reduces organic matter to compost; depending on size, whole tree trunks are reduced to sawdust; a woodchipper.


lexentry: eng/chipset__Noun__1
written_rep: chipset
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чипсе́т
sense_list:
(computing) A group of integrated circuits that are designed to work together, and are usually marketed as a single product.


lexentry: eng/chiptune__Noun__1
written_rep: chiptune
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: чиптюн
sense_list:
(music genre) A style of music that samples or emulates the audio capabilities of older sound chips, but ignores certain hardware or software limitations inherent to them; especially (demoscene) a tracker module simulating the sound of early 8-bit computers.


lexentry: eng/chiral__Adjective__1
written_rep: chiral
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хиральный
sense_list:
(geometry, physical chemistry) that exhibits chirality; as in the left-handed and right-handed versions of a helix, or a molecule with L- and D- stereoisomers.


lexentry: eng/chirality__Noun__1
written_rep: chirality
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кира́льность | хира́льность
sense_list:
The phenomenon, in chemistry, physics and mathematics, in which objects are mirror images of each other, but are otherwise identical; handedness.


lexentry: eng/chirp__Verb__1
written_rep: chirp
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чири́кать | щебета́ть
sense_list:
(intransitive) To make a short, sharp, cheerful note, as of small birds or crickets; to chitter; to twitter.


lexentry: eng/chisel__Noun__1
written_rep: chisel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: долото́ | зуби́ло | стаме́ска
sense_list:
A cutting tool used to remove parts of stone, wood or metal by pushing or pounding the back when the sharp edge is against the material. It consists of a slim, oblong block of metal with a sharp wedge or bevel formed on one end and sometimes a handle at the other end; there are hand tool versions (the original type) and versions as bits for power tools.


lexentry: eng/chit__Verb__1
written_rep: chit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: [[прора́щивать]] [[клубень|клу́бни]]
sense_list:
(transitive, British, dialect) To initiate sprouting of tubers, such as potatoes, by placing them in special environment, before planting into the soil.


lexentry: eng/chitin__Noun__1
written_rep: chitin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хити́н | хитин
sense_list:
(carbohydrate) A complex polysaccharide, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and in the cell walls of fungi; thought to be responsible for some forms of asthma in humans.


lexentry: eng/chiton__Noun__2
written_rep: chiton
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хито́н
sense_list:
Any of various rock-clinging marine molluscs of the class Polyplacophora, including the genus Chiton.


lexentry: eng/chivalry__Noun__1
written_rep: chivalry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ры́царство
sense_list:
The ethical code of the knight prevalent in Medieval Europe, having such primary virtues as mercy towards the poor and oppressed, humility, honour, sacrifice, fear of God, faithfulness, courage and courtesy to ladies.


lexentry: eng/chlamydia__Noun__1
written_rep: chlamydia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хлами́дия | хламидиоз
sense_list:
(uncountable) Any of several common, often asymptomatic, sexually transmitted diseases caused by the microorganism Chlamydia trachomatis.


lexentry: eng/chlamys__Noun__1
written_rep: chlamys
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хлами́да
sense_list:
(historical) A short poncho-like cloak caught up on the shoulder, worn by hunters, soldiers, and horsemen in Ancient Greece.


lexentry: eng/chloramine__Noun__1
written_rep: chloramine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: фарм.
sense_list:
(inorganic compound, organic compound) any of a class of unstable compounds of nitrogen and chlorine R1R2NCl; also the parent compound NH2Cl (monochloramine), used to manufacture hydrazine, and as the antiseptic chloramine-T


lexentry: eng/chloric__Adjective__1
written_rep: chloric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хло́рный
sense_list:
(chemistry) Of a compound, containing chlorine with a higher oxidation number than equivalent chlorous compounds; especially having an oxidation number of 5.


lexentry: eng/chloric_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: chloric acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хлорнова́тая кислота́
sense_list:
(chemistry) a strong acid, HClO3, known only in solution and as its chlorate salts; a powerful oxidizing agent


lexentry: eng/chloride__Noun__1
written_rep: chloride
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хлори́д | хлорид
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any salt of hydrochloric acid, such as sodium chloride, or any binary compound of chlorine and another element or radical.


lexentry: eng/chlorinate__Verb__1
written_rep: chlorinate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хлори́ровать | хлорировать
sense_list:
(transitive, chemistry) To add chlorine to (something, especially water, to purify it; or an auriferous substance, to extract gold from it).


lexentry: eng/chlorine_dioxide__Noun__1
written_rep: chlorine dioxide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: диокси́д хлóра
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) a reddish-yellow explosive gas, ClO2, used as a water disinfectant and to bleach flour and wood pulp


lexentry: eng/chlorofluorocarbon__Noun__1
written_rep: chlorofluorocarbon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хлорфторуглероды
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds in which the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon are replaced with those of chlorine and fluorine; formerly used as refrigerants and aerosol can propellants but withdrawn due to causing damage to the ozone layer.


lexentry: eng/chloroform__Noun__1
written_rep: chloroform
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хлорофо́рм | хлороформ
sense_list:
(organic compound) A halogenated hydrocarbon, trichloromethane, CHCl3; it is a volatile, sweet-smelling liquid, used extensively as a solvent and formerly as an anesthetic.


lexentry: eng/chlorophyll__Noun__1
written_rep: chlorophyll
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хлорофи́лл | хлорофилл
sense_list:
(biochemistry) Any of a group of green pigments that are found in the chloroplasts of plants and in other photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria.


lexentry: eng/chloroplast__Noun__1
written_rep: chloroplast
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хлоропла́ст
sense_list:
(cytology) An organelle, found in the cells of green plants and in photosynthetic algae, where photosynthesis takes place, characterized by a high concentration of chlorophyll and two membranes.


lexentry: eng/chloroprene__Noun__1
written_rep: chloroprene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хлоропрен
sense_list:
(organic compound) The chlorinated derivative of butadiene 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene that is used (via polymerization) in the manufacture of synthetic rubber.


lexentry: eng/chloroquine__Noun__1
written_rep: chloroquine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хлорохи́н
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) A 4-aminoquinoline drug used to treat and prevent malaria, having the chemical formula C18H26ClN3.


lexentry: eng/chlorosis__Noun__1
written_rep: chlorosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хлороз
sense_list:
(medicine, countable) An anaemia, due to deficiency of iron, characterized by a yellow-green coloration of the skin.


lexentry: eng/chock__Noun__1
written_rep: chock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[упо́р]] для колёс | башма́к | клин
sense_list:
Any object used as a wedge or filler, especially when placed behind a wheel to prevent it from rolling.


lexentry: eng/chocolate__Noun__1
written_rep: chocolate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: шокола́дный | шоколад
sense_list:
(uncountable) A dark, reddish-brown colour/color, like that of chocolate (also called chocolate brown).


lexentry: eng/chocolate_bar__Noun__1
written_rep: chocolate bar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шоколадный батончик
sense_list:
A flat slab of chocolate, usually oblong in shape, which can be broken into smaller segments when being eaten, either solid or with a filling such as nuts or caramel.


lexentry: eng/chocolate_milk__Noun__1
written_rep: chocolate milk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шокола́дное молоко́
sense_list:
A sweetened cocoa-flavored drink, typically created by mixing chocolate syrup or chocolate powder with milk, and typically served cold.


lexentry: eng/chocolate_teacake__Noun__1
written_rep: chocolate teacake
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[суфле́]] в [[шокола́де]] | кре́мбо | поцелу́й не́гра | шокола́дный поцелу́й
sense_list:
A confection consisting of a biscuit base topped with marshmallow-like filling and coated in a hard shell of chocolate.


lexentry: eng/choice__Noun__1
written_rep: choice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: вы́бор
sense_list:
One selection or preference; that which is chosen or decided; the outcome of a decision. | Anything that can be chosen.


lexentry: eng/choir__Noun__1
written_rep: choir
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хор
sense_list:
A group of people who sing together; a company of people who are trained to sing together. | (architecture) Uncommon form of quire (“one quarter of a cruciform church, or the architectural area of a church used by the choir, often near the apse”). | (Christian angelology) One of the nine ranks or orders of angels.


lexentry: eng/choke__Verb__1
written_rep: choke
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дави́ться | задохну́ться | задыха́ться | подави́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To be unable to breathe because of obstruction of the windpipe (for instance food or other objects that go down the wrong way, or fumes or particles in the air that cause the throat to constrict).


lexentry: eng/choke_collar__Noun__1
written_rep: choke collar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: уда́вка
sense_list:
A dog's collar which tightens itself so as to choke the dog, when it pulls the leash. Used especially for training. W


lexentry: eng/choke_off__Verb__1
written_rep: choke off
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: заставить замолчать
sense_list:
(idiomatic, transitive) To stop (someone or something) in the execution of a purpose or task; to stop (someone) from doing something.


lexentry: eng/chokeberry__Noun__1
written_rep: chokeberry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: арония
sense_list:
Either of two species in Aronia, formerly and sometimes in Photinia, deciduous shrubs, native to Russia and eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps.


lexentry: eng/choker__Noun__1
written_rep: choker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колье́ | ожере́лье | цепо́чка
sense_list:
(fashion) A piece of jewelry or ornamental fabric, worn as a necklace or neckerchief, tight to the throat.


lexentry: eng/cholera__Noun__1
written_rep: cholera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: холе́ра | холера
sense_list:
(pathology) Any of several acute infectious diseases of humans and domestic animals, caused by certain strains of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium through ingestion of contaminated water or food, usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.


lexentry: eng/cholesterol__Noun__1
written_rep: cholesterol
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: холестери́н | холестерин
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A sterol lipid synthesized by the liver and transported in the bloodstream to the membranes of all animal cells; it plays a central role in many biochemical processes and, as a lipoprotein that coats the walls of blood vessels, is associated with cardiovascular disease.


lexentry: eng/choline__Noun__1
written_rep: choline
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: холи́н
sense_list:
(organic compound) A hydroxy quaternary ammonium compound with formula (CH3)3N+CH2CH2OHX−. It is an essential nutrient for cardiovascular and brain health and for cell membrane formation.


lexentry: eng/cholla__Noun__1
written_rep: cholla
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цилиндропу́нция
sense_list:
Any of several species of cactus in the genus Cylindropuntia, having very spiny, cylindrical stem segments.


lexentry: eng/chop_suey__Noun__1
written_rep: chop suey
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кита́йское рагу́ | чоп-суэ́й
sense_list:
(US, Philippines, AU) A stir-fried vegetable dish, served with pieces of beef or pork in a semi-thick sauce, and often soy sauce. | (Canada, and, British) Steamed bean sprouts served in a semi-thick sauce, and mixed with a choice of meat and/or vegetables.


lexentry: eng/chopped_liver__Noun__1
written_rep: chopped liver
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ничтожество
sense_list:
(idiomatic, humorous, informal) A person or object not worthy of being noticed; someone or something insignificant.


lexentry: eng/chopping_block__Noun__1
written_rep: chopping block
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: пла́ха
sense_list:
(historical, informal) A block of wood against which a condemned person put their head prior to beheading.


lexentry: eng/chopstick__Noun__1
written_rep: chopstick
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: па́лочка для еды́ | кита́йские па́лочки | па́лочка
sense_list:
(usually, in the plural) An East Asian eating utensil usually used as a pair and held in one hand to grip pieces of food or occasionally to mix liquids or scoop up small pieces of food. The utensil is a stick, usually made of wood and measuring approximately 23cm (10 inches) in length. | (obsolete, angling) A long straight stick forming part of various fishing tackle arrangements.


lexentry: eng/chord__Noun__1
written_rep: chord
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: хо́рда | хорда
sense_list:
(rail) A section of subsidiary railway track that interconnects two primary tracks that cross at different levels, to permit traffic to flow between them.


lexentry: eng/chord__Noun__1
written_rep: chord
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: хо́рда
sense_list:
(aeronautics) The distance between the leading and trailing edge of a wing, measured in the direction of the normal airflow.


lexentry: eng/chordate__Noun__1
written_rep: chordate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хо́рдовый
sense_list:
A member of the phylum Chordata; numerous animals having a notochord at some stage of their development; in vertebrates this develops into the spine.


lexentry: eng/chordophone__Noun__1
written_rep: chordophone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хордофо́н
sense_list:
(musical instrument) Any musical instrument that produces sound from one or more vibrating strings; a string instrument.


lexentry: eng/chore__Noun__1
written_rep: chore
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: A task that is a difficult, unpleasant, or tediously routine.
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list:
[[неприятный|неприя́тная]] [[рабо́та]] | [[рутинный|рути́нная]] [[рабо́та]] | дома́шняя рабо́та | обя́занность


lexentry: eng/chorea__Noun__1
written_rep: chorea
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ви́ттова пля́ска | пля́ска свято́го Ви́тта | хоре́я
sense_list:
(pathology) Any of the various diseases of the nervous system characterized by involuntary muscular movements of the face and extremities; St. Vitus's dance.


lexentry: eng/choreography__Noun__1
written_rep: choreography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хореогра́фия | хореография
sense_list:
(by extension, figurative) The art of creating and arranging any activities that involve social coordination or orchestration. | (uncountable) The art of creating, arranging and recording the dance movements of a work, such as a ballet.


lexentry: eng/chorizo__Noun__1
written_rep: chorizo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чоризо | чорисо
sense_list:
A spicy Spanish sausage flavoured with paprika, often crumbled for use in filling tacos, quesadillas, etc.


lexentry: eng/chorus__Noun__1
written_rep: chorus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хор
sense_list:
A group of singers and dancers in a theatrical performance or religious festival who commented on the main performance in speech or song. | A group of singers performing together; a choir; specifically, such a group singing together in a musical, an opera, etc., as distinct from the soloists; an ensemble.


lexentry: eng/chosen_one__Noun__1
written_rep: chosen one
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: избранный
sense_list:
(informal, authorship) A character in a narrative work who is predestined to save the world or accomplish some other grand and heroic deed; one who is predestined to become the one.


lexentry: eng/choss__Noun__1
written_rep: choss
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: развальня
sense_list:
(climbing) Rock that is unsuitable for rock climbing, e.g. because it is too soft, unstable, or overgrown.


lexentry: eng/chough__Noun__1
written_rep: chough
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клу́шица
sense_list:
Either of two species of bird of the genus Pyrrhocorax in the crow family Corvidae that breed mainly in high mountains and on coastal sea cliffs of Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/choux_pastry__Noun__1
written_rep: choux pastry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: заварно́е те́сто
sense_list:
A type of light pastry (made just from butter, water, flour and eggs) that is used to make profiteroles, éclairs, chouquettes, etc.


lexentry: eng/chrism__Noun__1
written_rep: chrism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: еле́й | ми́ро
sense_list:
A mixture of oil and balm, consecrated for use as an anointing fluid in certain Christian ceremonies, especially confirmation.


lexentry: eng/chrismation__Noun__1
written_rep: chrismation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: миропомазание
sense_list:
(ecclesiastical) The sacrament of applying chrism to complete baptism in the Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches.


lexentry: eng/christening__Noun__1
written_rep: christening
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: креще́ние
sense_list:
The Christian sacrament at which someone, usually a child, is baptized and given a Christian name. | Any instance of someone's or something's being christened.


lexentry: eng/chromakey__Noun__1
written_rep: chromakey
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хромакей
sense_list:
(television, cinema) The use of a particular color, usually either green or blue) as a key in a studio in order to allow one image to be seamlessly partially superimposed upon another.


lexentry: eng/chromatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: chromatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: хромати́ческий
sense_list:
Relating to or using notes not belonging to the diatonic scale of the key in which a passage of music is written.


lexentry: eng/chromatic_aberration__Noun__1
written_rep: chromatic aberration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хроматическая аберрация
sense_list:
(optics) An optical aberration in which an image has coloured fringes, caused by differential refraction of light of different wavelengths.


lexentry: eng/chromatin__Noun__1
written_rep: chromatin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хроматин
sense_list:
(biology) A complex of DNA, RNA and proteins within the cell nucleus out of which chromosomes condense during cell division.


lexentry: eng/chromatography__Noun__1
written_rep: chromatography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хроматогра́фия
sense_list:
(analytical chemistry) Any of various techniques for the qualitative or quantitative separation of the components of mixtures of compounds; all characterized by the use of a mobile phase (gas or liquid) moving relative to a stationary phase (liquid or solid) – the differences between the rates of migration of the compounds between the two phases affect the separation.


lexentry: eng/chromic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: chromic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хро́мовая кислота́
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) A corrosive acid, H2CrO4, known only in solution or as its salts, the chromates (from which it may be prepared); it is a very powerful oxidizing agent.


lexentry: eng/chromium__Noun__1
written_rep: chromium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хром
sense_list:
A chemical element (symbol Cr) with an atomic number of 24: a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle transition metal.


lexentry: eng/chromosome__Noun__1
written_rep: chromosome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хромосо́ма | хромосома
sense_list:
(cytology, genetics) A linear arrangement of condensed DNA and associated proteins (such as chaperone proteins) which contains the genetic material (genome) of an organism.


lexentry: eng/chromosphere__Noun__1
written_rep: chromosphere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хромосфе́ра | хромосфера
sense_list:
(star) The faint pink extension of a star's atmospheric envelope between the corona and the photosphere


lexentry: eng/chronic__Adjective__1
written_rep: chronic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хрони́ческий | хронический
sense_list:
Of a problem, that continues over an extended period of time. | (medicine) Prolonged or slow to heal.


lexentry: eng/chronic_bronchitis__Noun__1
written_rep: chronic bronchitis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: запа́л
sense_list:
(diseases) One of the two entities making up chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), defined as having a productive cough for three months in each of two successive years in a patient in whom other causes of chronic cough have been excluded.


lexentry: eng/chronic_fatigue_syndrome__Noun__1
written_rep: chronic fatigue syndrome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: миалгический энцефаломиелит | синдром хронической усталости
sense_list:
(pathology) A condition characterized by immune, endocrine and neurologic pathology whose main symptoms are extreme fatigue, extremely low stamina, muscle pain, lymph node swelling, postexertional malaise, and cognitive difficulties.


lexentry: eng/chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease__Noun__1
written_rep: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хрони́ческая обструкти́вная боле́знь лёгких
sense_list:
(medicine, pulmonology, pathology) A type of progressive lung disease characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.


lexentry: eng/chronobiology__Noun__1
written_rep: chronobiology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: биоритмология
sense_list:
(biology) The study of the effects of time on biological systems, especially the effects of periodicity


lexentry: eng/chronogram__Noun__1
written_rep: chronogram
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хроногра́мма
sense_list:
A sentence or inscription whose letters, when interpreted according to a system (such as Roman numerals) in which letters correspond to numeric values, stand for a particular date (usually the date of inscription) when rearranged.


lexentry: eng/chronological__Adjective__1
written_rep: chronological
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: хронологический
sense_list:
(films, shows, books, etc) Relating to the arrangement of events in the order in which they occur within a story, rather than the order in which they are released.


lexentry: eng/chronology__Noun__1
written_rep: chronology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хроноло́гия | хронология
sense_list:
(uncountable) The science of determining the order in which events occurred. | (countable) An arrangement of events into chronological order; called a timeline when involving graphical elements.


lexentry: eng/chrononormativity__Noun__1
written_rep: chrononormativity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хрононормати́вность
sense_list:
the use of time to organize individuals toward maximum productivity; for example, the appropriate time range to start working, have children, or to retire.


lexentry: eng/chrysalis__Noun__1
written_rep: chrysalis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ку́колка | хризали́да
sense_list:
The pupa of a butterfly or moth, particularly bare and hanging or girdled, as opposed to enclosed in a cocoon, in which metamorphosis takes place.


lexentry: eng/chrysanthemum__Noun__1
written_rep: chrysanthemum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хризанте́ма | хризантема
sense_list:
Any of many flowering perennial plants, of the genus Chrysanthemum, native to China, that have showy radiate heads.


lexentry: eng/chrysoberyl__Noun__1
written_rep: chrysoberyl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хризобери́лл
sense_list:
(mineral) A vitreous mineral, often pale green, a mixed oxide of aluminium and beryllium with the chemical formula BeAl2O4, used as a gemstone.


lexentry: eng/chrysotile__Noun__1
written_rep: chrysotile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хризоти́л
sense_list:
(mineral) A fibrous silicate mineral with the chemical formula Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4; a form of serpentine asbestos.


lexentry: eng/chubby__Adjective__1
written_rep: chubby
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: корена́стый | круглоли́цый | полнощёкий | пу́хленький | пу́хлый | пуза́тый
sense_list:
Of a person: slightly overweight, somewhat fat, and hence plump, rounded, and soft. | Of a body part: containing a moderate amount of fat.


lexentry: eng/chuchotage__Noun__1
written_rep: chuchotage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: нашёптывание
sense_list:
The interpretation or translation of speech in a whisper to a single person in proximity to other people.


lexentry: eng/chuck__Noun__1
written_rep: chuck
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: держа́тель | патро́н
sense_list:
(mechanical engineering) A mechanical device that holds an object firmly in place, for example holding a drill bit in a high-speed rotating drill or grinder.


lexentry: eng/chufa__Noun__1
written_rep: chufa
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: земляно́й минда́ль | чуфа́
sense_list:
Cyperus esculentus, a species of sedge native to warm temperate to subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere having small edible tubers (tiger nuts).


lexentry: eng/chug__Verb__1
written_rep: chug
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: дёрнуть | намахну́ть | ёбнуть
sense_list:
(transitive, colloquial) To drink a large amount (especially of beer) in a single action/without breathing; to chugalug. Usually chanted at the person who is drinking.


lexentry: eng/chump__Noun__1
written_rep: chump
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ло́х
sense_list:
(colloquial, pejorative) A gullible person; a sucker; someone easily taken advantage of; someone lacking common sense.


lexentry: eng/chunder__Verb__1
written_rep: chunder
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: блева́ть
sense_list:
(Australia, New Zealand, Britain, slang) To throw up, to vomit, particularly from excessive alcohol consumption.


lexentry: eng/chupacabras__Noun__1
written_rep: chupacabras
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чупака́бра
sense_list:
(cryptozoology) A legendary creature in the folklore of parts of the Americas dating from the 1990s, supposed to attack and drink the blood of livestock, especially goats.


lexentry: eng/church__Noun__1
written_rep: church
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: костёл | це́рковь | ки́рха | це́рква | церковь
sense_list:
(countable, Christianity) A Christian house of worship; a building where Christian religious services take place. [from 9th c.]


lexentry: eng/church__Noun__1
written_rep: church
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: це́рковь | костёл
sense_list:
(countable) A local group of people who follow the same Christian religious beliefs, local or general. [from 9th c.]


lexentry: eng/church__Noun__1
written_rep: church
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: це́рковь | церковь | костёл
sense_list:
(uncountable) Organized religion in general or a specific religion considered as a political institution.


lexentry: eng/church_service__Noun__1
written_rep: church service
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[церковный|церко́вная]] [[слу́жба]] | богослуже́ние
sense_list:
A formalized period of communal worship, often but not exclusively occurring on Sunday, or Saturday in the case of those churches practicing Sabbatarianism.


lexentry: eng/churchkhela__Noun__1
written_rep: churchkhela
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чурчхела
sense_list:
A traditional sausage-shaped candy originating from Georgia and made from grape must, nuts and flour.


lexentry: eng/churchman__Noun__1
written_rep: churchman
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: священнослужи́тель | церко́вник
sense_list:
A person (originally a man) of authority in a Christian religious organization (a church). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/churchwarden's_pew__Noun__1
written_rep: churchwarden's pew
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пат
sense_list:
A type of church pew, typically on the west side, originally reserved for the churchwarden, and often decorated or engraved.


lexentry: eng/churn__Verb__1
written_rep: churn
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: взбить | сбить | взба́лтывать | взбива́ть | взболта́ть | сбива́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To agitate rapidly and repetitively, or to stir with a rowing or rocking motion; generally applies to liquids, notably cream.


lexentry: eng/churn__Verb__1
written_rep: churn
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: мета́ться
sense_list:
(transitive, figuratively) To produce excessive and sometimes undesirable or unproductive activity or motion.


lexentry: eng/chute__Noun__1
written_rep: chute
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жёлоб
sense_list:
A framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which water passes to a wheel.


lexentry: eng/chutney__Noun__1
written_rep: chutney
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ча́тни | чатни
sense_list:
A sweet or savory but usually spicy condiment, originally from eastern India, made from a variety of fruits and/or vegetables, often containing significant amounts of fresh green or dried red chili peppers. [from 1813]


lexentry: eng/chutzpah__Noun__1
written_rep: chutzpah
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: де́рзость | на́глость | наха́льство | ха́мство | ху́цпа
sense_list:
(informal) Nearly arrogant courage; utter audacity, effrontery or impudence; supreme self-confidence; exaggerated self-opinion.


lexentry: eng/ciborium__Noun__1
written_rep: ciborium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дароносица
sense_list:
(architecture) A fixed vaulted canopy over a Christian altar, supported on four columns. | (Christianity) A covered receptacle for holding the consecrated wafers of the Eucharist.


lexentry: eng/cicada__Noun__1
written_rep: cicada
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цика́да
sense_list:
Any of several insects in the superfamily Cicadoidea, with small eyes wide apart on the head and transparent well-veined wings.


lexentry: eng/cicero__Noun__1
written_rep: cicero
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лекция
sense_list:
(typography, Continental, _, printing) The Continental equivalent of the English pica: a measure of 12 Didot points (4.51368 mm or about 0.178 in.) or a body of type in this size.


lexentry: eng/cicerone__Noun__1
written_rep: cicerone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гид | проводни́к
sense_list:
A guide who accompanies visitors and sightseers to museums, galleries, etc., and explains matters of archaeological, antiquarian, historic or artistic interest.


lexentry: eng/cicisbeo__Noun__1
written_rep: cicisbeo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чичисбе́й
sense_list:
(now, chiefly, historical) A man who escorts a married woman to social functions, especially in 18th-century Italy; a married woman's lover.


lexentry: eng/cider__Noun__1
written_rep: cider
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: я́блочный сок | сидр
sense_list:
(US, Canada) A non-alcoholic still beverage consisting of the juice of early-harvest apples, usually unfiltered and still containing pulp; apple cider; sweet cider (without pulp such a beverage is called apple juice).


lexentry: eng/cider__Noun__1
written_rep: cider
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: сидр | я́блочное вино́
sense_list:
(Australia) A non-alcoholic carbonated beverage made from apples or pears. | (Japan, South Korea) A non-alcoholic, lemon-lime flavored carbonated beverage.


lexentry: eng/cigar__Noun__1
written_rep: cigar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сига́ра | сигара
sense_list:
A cylinder of tobacco rolled and wrapped with an outer covering of tobacco leaves, intended to be smoked.


lexentry: eng/cigarette__Noun__1
written_rep: cigarette
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: папиро́са | сига́рка | сигаре́та | сигарета
sense_list:
A small cigar consisting of tobacco or another substance, wrapped up in a thin roll with paper, intended for smoking.


lexentry: eng/cilantro__Noun__1
written_rep: cilantro
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кинза́
sense_list:
(US) The stems and leaves of the coriander plant, Coriandrum sativum, used as a seasoning and garnish in cooking.


lexentry: eng/cilice__Noun__1
written_rep: cilice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: власяни́ца | вре́тище
sense_list:
A garment or undergarment made of coarse cloth or animal hair worn close to the skin used by members of various Christian traditions as a self-imposed means of penance (repentance) and mortification of the flesh.


lexentry: eng/cilium__Noun__1
written_rep: cilium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ресни́чка
sense_list:
(cytology) A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors.


lexentry: eng/cinder__Noun__1
written_rep: cinder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зола́ | пе́пел
sense_list:
Partially or mostly burnt material that results from incomplete combustion of coal or wood etc.; it often rides the rising smoke column into the air, and it can pose a fire hazard when it lands, in dry conditions


lexentry: eng/cinefilm__Noun__1
written_rep: cinefilm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: киноплёнка
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) Any of various obsolete film formats, including 8 mm, 9.5 mm, 16 mm, and Super 8, formerly much used for making home movies to be viewed on a projector.


lexentry: eng/cinematographer__Noun__1
written_rep: cinematographer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кинематографи́ст | кинематографи́стка
sense_list:
(cinematography) A photographer who oversees the operations of the cameras and lighting when making a film. The cinematographer may also double as the camera operator of the movie camera, though this is usually done by a cameraman. The film director may also double as the cinematographer, though this is usually a different person.


lexentry: eng/cinnabar__Noun__1
written_rep: cinnabar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ки́новарь | киноварь
sense_list:
A deep red mineral, mercuric sulfide, HgS; the principal ore of mercury; such ore used as the pigment vermilion.


lexentry: eng/cinnamic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: cinnamic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кори́чная кислота́
sense_list:
(carboxylic acid) The aromatic carboxylic acid C6H5-CH=CH-COOH obtained from cinnamon; it is used in perfumery etc


lexentry: eng/cinnamon__Noun__1
written_rep: cinnamon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: [[кори́чник]] [[настоя́щий]] | кори́ца | кори́чное де́рево
sense_list:
Several related trees, notably the Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) and Chinese cinnamon or cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum or Cinnamomum cassia).


lexentry: eng/cinnamon__Noun__1
written_rep: cinnamon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: кори́ца | кори́чник | корица
sense_list:
(mostly, uncountable) A spice from the dried aromatic bark of the cinnamon tree, either rolled into strips or ground into a powder. The word is commonly used as trade name for spices made of any of the species above.


lexentry: eng/cinquedea__Noun__1
written_rep: cinquedea
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чинкведе́а | чинкуэ́да
sense_list:
A short sword with a heavy blade developed in northeastern Italy during the Renaissance, often richly ornamented.


lexentry: eng/cinéma_vérité__Noun__1
written_rep: cinéma vérité
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: синема́ верите́
sense_list:
(cinema) A style of cinema that appears to be realistic, showing ordinary people in ordinary situations speaking and acting naturally.


lexentry: eng/cipher__Noun__1
written_rep: cipher
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: шифр
sense_list:
A method of transforming a text in order to conceal its meaning. | (cryptography) A cryptographic system using an algorithm that converts letters or sequences of bits into ciphertext.


lexentry: eng/circadian__Adjective__1
written_rep: circadian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: циркадный | циркадианный
sense_list:
(biology) Of, relating to, or showing rhythmic behaviour with a period of 24 hours; especially of a biological process.


lexentry: eng/circadian_rhythm__Noun__1
written_rep: circadian rhythm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: циркадный ритм
sense_list:
(biology, sleep medicine) The internal body clock that regulates the roughly 24-hour cycle of biological processes in animals and plants.


lexentry: eng/circle__Noun__1
written_rep: circle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: круг | окру́жность | окружность
sense_list:
(geometry) A two-dimensional geometric figure, a line, consisting of the set of all those points in a plane that are equally distant from a given point (center). | (colloquial) A two-dimensional geometric figure, a disk, consisting of the set of all those points of a plane at a distance less than or equal to a fixed distance (radius) from a given point.


lexentry: eng/circle__Noun__1
written_rep: circle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: круг | окружность
sense_list:
(astronomy) An instrument of observation, whose graduated limb consists of an entire circle. When fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is called a mural circle; when mounted with a telescope on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a meridian or transit circle; when involving the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a reflecting circle; and when that of repeating an angle several times continuously along the graduated limb, a repeating circle.


lexentry: eng/circle_jerk__Noun__1
written_rep: circle jerk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: общество взаимного восхваления
sense_list:
(Internet slang) An environment (especially an online community) in which people express or validate a narrow set of ideas and feelings.


lexentry: eng/circuit_board__Noun__1
written_rep: circuit board
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: монта́жная пла́та | печа́тная пла́та
sense_list:
(electronics, computer hardware) A board on which electronic components and their interconnecting circuits are mounted or etched.


lexentry: eng/circuit_breaker__Noun__1
written_rep: circuit breaker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[автомати́ческий]] [[выключа́тель]]
sense_list:
(electricity) An electrical switch capable of opening and closing an electrical circuit in all operating conditions, including fault situations.


lexentry: eng/circular_segment__Noun__1
written_rep: circular segment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сегме́нт
sense_list:
(geometry) A region of a circle bounded by an arc and the chord connecting the endpoints of the arc.


lexentry: eng/circulation__Noun__1
written_rep: circulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кругово́е движе́ние | круговоро́т | циркуля́ция
sense_list:
The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings the moving body to the place where its motion began.


lexentry: eng/circulation__Noun__1
written_rep: circulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: кровообраще́ние
sense_list:
(narrowly) The movement of the blood in the circulatory system, by which it is brought into close relations with the cells and tissues of the body; (loosely) the circulatory system.


lexentry: eng/circulatory_system__Noun__1
written_rep: circulatory system
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сердечно-сосудистая систе́ма
sense_list:
(physiology) The parts of an animal body comprising the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood, which circulate the blood around the body. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/circumbinary__Adjective__1
written_rep: circumbinary
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: циркумбина́рный
sense_list:
(astronomy) Having an orbit around both stars in a binary star system, or relating to such an orbit.


lexentry: eng/circumcircle__Noun__1
written_rep: circumcircle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: опи́санная окру́жность | опи́санный круг
sense_list:
(geometry) A circle that passes through every vertex of a given triangle (or other polygon where possible).


lexentry: eng/circumcise__Verb__1
written_rep: circumcise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: обре́зать | обреза́ть | соверша́ть обреза́ние | соверши́ть обреза́ние
sense_list:
(military, nautical, slang) To trim off the portion of the barrel liner of a large-caliber naval gun that protrudes from the end of the barrel as a result of the liner slowly stretching from prolonged fire.


lexentry: eng/circumfix__Noun__1
written_rep: circumfix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: циркумфи́кс
sense_list:
(grammar) An affix containing both a prefixing and a suffixing element existing as a single morphological unit.


lexentry: eng/circumflex__Noun__1
written_rep: circumflex
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: циркумфле́кс
sense_list:
A diacritical mark (ˆ) placed over a vowel in the orthography or transliteration of many languages to change its pronunciation; while in some other languages over a consonant.


lexentry: eng/circumlocution__Noun__1
written_rep: circumlocution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перифраз
sense_list:
(uncountable) A roundabout or indirect way of speaking; thus: | (countable) An instance of such usage; a roundabout expression, whether an inadvisable one or a necessary one.


lexentry: eng/circumscribe__Verb__1
written_rep: circumscribe
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: опи́сывать | описа́ть | оче́рчивать | очерти́ть
sense_list:
(geometry) To draw the smallest circle or higher-dimensional sphere that has (a polyhedron, polygon, etc.) in its interior.


lexentry: eng/circus__Noun__1
written_rep: circus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цирк
sense_list:
A traveling company of performers that may include acrobats, clowns, trained animals, and other novelty acts, that gives shows usually in a circular tent. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/cirl_bunting__Noun__1
written_rep: cirl bunting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: огоро́дная овся́нка
sense_list:
A small Old World passerine bird, Emberiza cirlus, of the bunting family (Emberizidae), very similar to the yellowhammer.


lexentry: eng/cirque__Noun__1
written_rep: cirque
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: кар | цирк
sense_list:
(geology) A curved depression or natural amphitheatre, especially one in a mountainside at the end of a valley.


lexentry: eng/cirrhosis__Noun__1
written_rep: cirrhosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цирро́з | цирроз
sense_list:
(pathology) A chronic disease of the liver caused by damage from toxins (including alcohol), metabolic problems, hepatitis, or nutritional deprivation, characterised by an increase in fibrous tissue and the destruction of liver cells.


lexentry: eng/cirrocumulus__Noun__1
written_rep: cirrocumulus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перисто-кучева́я | перисто-кучевая
sense_list:
(physics, meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type appearing as a thin, white patch of cloud without shadows, composed of very small droplets in the form of grains or ripples. The elements may be merged or separate, and more or less regularly arranged; they subtend an angle of less than 1° when observed at an angle of more than 30° above the horizon. Holes or rifts often occur in a sheet of cirrocumulus. Abbreviated Cc.


lexentry: eng/cirrostratus__Noun__1
written_rep: cirrostratus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перисто-слои́стая
sense_list:
(meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type appearing as a whitish veil, usually fibrous but sometimes smooth, which may totally cover the sky and which often produces halo phenomena. Abbreviated Cs


lexentry: eng/cirrus__Noun__1
written_rep: cirrus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: пе́ристая
sense_list:
(meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type, typically composed of thin, delicate, white filaments, wisps, or narrow bands.


lexentry: eng/cis-__Prefix__1
written_rep: cis-
part_of_speech: prefix
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цис-
sense_list:
(geography) On this side of. | (physical chemistry) Forming names of chemical compounds in which two atoms or groups are situated on the same side of some plane of symmetry passing through the compound.


lexentry: eng/cis__Adjective__1
written_rep: cis
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: цис-
sense_list:
(physical chemistry) In (or constituting, forming, or describing) a double bond in which the greater radical on both ends is on the same side of the bond. | (physical chemistry) In (or constituting, forming, or describing) a coordination compound in which the two instances of a particular ligand are adjacent to each other.


lexentry: eng/cisco__Noun__1
written_rep: cisco
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сиг
sense_list:
Any North American freshwater fish of certain species of the genus Coregonus that live in cold-water lakes.


lexentry: eng/cisgender__Adjective__1
written_rep: cisgender
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цисге́ндерный | циссексуа́льный
sense_list:
Having a gender identity which matches the sex one was assigned at birth; or, pertaining to such people.


lexentry: eng/ciss__Verb__1
written_rep: ciss
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сверну́ться | свора́чиваться
sense_list:
(of paint, varnish, or oil) To retract (from a uniform film applied to a damp, oily or nonabsorbent surface) and clump up into small droplets, or form craters.


lexentry: eng/citation__Noun__1
written_rep: citation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: цити́рование
sense_list:
The act of citing a passage from a text, or from another person, using the exact words of the original text or speech and giving credit to the original by referencing.


lexentry: eng/citation_needed__Phrase__1
written_rep: citation needed
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: нет источника
sense_list:
(originally, Internet slang, chiefly, humorous) Used to designate an assertion or other statement as false, inaccurate, or requiring verification.


lexentry: eng/citicoline__Noun__1
written_rep: citicoline
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цитиколи́н
sense_list:
A psychostimulant and nootropic, an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline.


lexentry: eng/citizen__Noun__1
written_rep: citizen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: граждани́н | гражда́нка | по́дданная | по́дданный
sense_list:
A legally recognized member of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/citizen__Noun__1
written_rep: citizen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
sense_list:
(Christianity) A resident of the heavenly city or (later) of the kingdom of God: a Christian; a good Christian. [from 15th c.]

trans_list:
[[гражда́нский]] [[челове́к]] | [[гражданский|гражда́нское]] [[лицо́]] | [[ми́рный]] [[жи́тель]] | [[мирный|ми́рная]] [[жи́тельница]] | горожа́нин | горожа́нка


lexentry: eng/citizen__Noun__1
written_rep: citizen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: гражда́нка | граждани́н
sense_list:
A civilian, as opposed to a police officer, soldier, or member of some other specialized (usually state) group. [from 16th c.] | (obsolete) An ordinary person, as opposed to nobles and landed gentry on one side and peasants, craftsmen, and laborers on the other. [17th–19th c.] | (computing, figurative) A notional inhabitant of a software system; an object or a software application.


lexentry: eng/citizen_journalism__Noun__1
written_rep: citizen journalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гражданская журнали́стика
sense_list:
(media) A form of independent reporting, often carried out by amateurs who are on the scene of an event, and is then disseminated by new media.


lexentry: eng/citizen_of_the_world__Noun__1
written_rep: citizen of the world
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: граждани́н ми́ра
sense_list:
A person regarded as part of the global citizenry; specifically, one who takes the view that they belong to no particular country or state.


lexentry: eng/citric_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: citric acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лимо́нная кислота́ | лимонная кислота
sense_list:
(carboxylic acid) A colourless crystalline compound, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, C6H8O7, found in citrus fruit; it is used as a food additive and in the manufacture of citrates.


lexentry: eng/citrus_greening__Noun__1
written_rep: citrus greening
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: позелене́ние плодо́в
sense_list:
A plant disease afflicting citrus trees, caused by the bacterium Liberibacter asiaticus and carried by a psyllid vector.


lexentry: eng/cittern__Noun__1
written_rep: cittern
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ци́стра
sense_list:
A stringed instrument (chordophone), played with a plectrum (a pick), and most commonly possessing four wire strings and chromatic frets, which is a precursor to the modern day guitar.


lexentry: eng/city__Noun__1
written_rep: city
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: го́род | град | город
sense_list:
A large settlement, bigger than a town; sometimes with a specific legal definition, depending on the place. | (UK, historical, _, in, _, Ireland, and) A settlement granted special status by royal charter or letters patent; traditionally, a settlement with a cathedral regardless of size.


lexentry: eng/city_council__Noun__1
written_rep: city council
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: городско́й сове́т | горсове́т | муниципа́льный сове́т
sense_list:
A governing body of people elected to oversee management of a city and represent the interests of residents.


lexentry: eng/civet__Noun__1
written_rep: civet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: виве́рра | циве́тта
sense_list:
Any of the small carnivorous catlike mammals encompassing certain species from the families Viverridae, Eupleridae, and Nandiniidae, native to tropical Africa and Asia.


lexentry: eng/civil__Adjective__1
written_rep: civil
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гражда́нский | циви́льный | шта́тский
sense_list:
(uncomparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.


lexentry: eng/civil_code__Noun__1
written_rep: civil code
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ГК | гражда́нский ко́декс
sense_list:
(legal) A systematic collection of laws addressing dealings between private parties, such as business contracts and negligence lawsuits.


lexentry: eng/civil_disobedience__Noun__1
written_rep: civil disobedience
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гражда́нское неповинове́ние | гражданское неповиновение
sense_list:
A form of social protest, involving the active but non-violent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of an established authority, because they are considered to be morally wrong or detrimental.


lexentry: eng/civil_engineering__Noun__1
written_rep: civil engineering
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гражда́нское строи́тельство | строи́тельная инжене́рия
sense_list:
The technical design and construction of public works such as bridges, buildings, harbours, public greens, roads, etc., and/or technically equivalent private (usually corporate) ones.


lexentry: eng/civil_law__Noun__1
written_rep: civil law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гражда́нское пра́во | рома́но-герма́нское пра́во
sense_list:
(law) The body of law dealing with the private relations between members of a community; it contrasts with criminal law, military law and ecclesiastical law.


lexentry: eng/civil_law__Noun__1
written_rep: civil law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: рома́но-герма́нское пра́во
sense_list:
(law) Legal system primarily based on a legal code, which commonly derive from the Corpus Juris Civilis; it contrasts with common law.


lexentry: eng/civil_registry__Noun__1
written_rep: civil registry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ЗАГС | загс
sense_list:
A government repository, database recording the vital events (births, deaths, etc.) of its citizens and residents, its office.


lexentry: eng/civil_rights__Noun__1
written_rep: civil rights
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: гражда́нские права́
sense_list:
(US) Those rights which are guaranteed protection by the US Constitution and are considered to be unquestionable, deserved by all people under all circumstances, especially without regard to race, creed, religion, sexual orientation, gender, and disability.


lexentry: eng/civil_service__Noun__1
written_rep: civil service
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: государственная служба
sense_list:
In parliamentary forms of government, the branches of government that are not military, legislative, or judicial, but work to apply its laws and regulations.


lexentry: eng/civil_society__Noun__1
written_rep: civil society
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гражда́нское о́бщество | гражданское общество
sense_list:
All of the institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies that are less than the state but greater than the family. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/civil_union__Noun__1
written_rep: civil union
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гражда́нский брак | гражданское партнёрство
sense_list:
A legal union similar to marriage, established to allow same-sex couples (and, in some jurisdictions, opposite-sex couples) rights similar to those married couples have.


lexentry: eng/civil_war__Noun__1
written_rep: civil war
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гражда́нская война́ | гражданская война
sense_list:
A war fought between factions of the inhabitants of a single country, or a similar political entity.


lexentry: eng/civilian__Noun__1
written_rep: civilian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
A person following the pursuits of civil life, especially one who is not an active member of the armed forces. | (informal) A person who does not belong to a particular group or engage in a particular activity, an outsider.

trans_list:
гражда́нский | шта́тский | [[гражда́нский]] [[челове́к]] | [[гражданский|гражда́нское]] [[лицо́]] | [[ми́рный]] [[жи́тель]] | [[мирный|ми́рная]] [[жи́тельница]]


lexentry: eng/civilization__Noun__1
written_rep: civilization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: культу́ра | цивилиза́ция
sense_list:
An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development. | (uncountable) Human society, particularly civil society.


lexentry: eng/civilization__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: civilization
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цивилиза́ция
sense_list:
(inherently emic, sometimes, capitalized) Collectively, those people and places of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. (Compare refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World.


lexentry: eng/clack__Noun__1
written_rep: clack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: треск
sense_list:
An abrupt, sharp sound, especially one made by two hard objects colliding repetitively; a sound midway between a click and a clunk.


lexentry: eng/clad__Adjective__1
written_rep: clad
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оде́тый
sense_list:
(of a person, preceded by a garment type) Wearing clothing or some other covering (for example, an armour) on the body; clothed, dressed.


lexentry: eng/clad__Adjective__1
written_rep: clad
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: облицованный | оде́тый | покрытый
sense_list:
(of an object, often in compounds) Covered, enveloped in, or surrounded by a cladding, or a specified material or substance.


lexentry: eng/cladding__Noun__1
written_rep: cladding
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: обши́вка
sense_list:
(construction) A weatherproof, insulating or decorative covering fixed to the outside of a building.


lexentry: eng/claim__Noun__1
written_rep: claim
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: заявле́ние | объявле́ние | утвержде́ние
sense_list:
A new statement of something one believes to be the truth, usually when the statement has yet to be verified or without valid evidence provided.


lexentry: eng/claim__Verb__1
written_rep: claim
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: To demand ownership or right to use for land.
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list:
[[заявля́ть]] [[претензия|прете́нзии]] | [[заявля́ть]] о [[право|права́х]] | [[заявля́ть]] о [[право|права́х]] (на) | [[объявля́ть]] [[претензия|прете́нзии]] | [[предъявля́ть]] [[претензия|прете́нзии]] | [[претендова́ть]] (на)


lexentry: eng/claim__Verb__1
written_rep: claim
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: (intransitive) To be entitled to anything; to deduce a right or title; to have a claim.
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list:
[[заявля́ть]] [[претензия|прете́нзии]] | [[заявля́ть]] о [[право|права́х]] | [[объявля́ть]] [[претензия|прете́нзии]] | [[предъявля́ть]] [[претензия|прете́нзии]] | [[тре́бовать]] [[выплата|вы́платы]] | [[тре́бовать]] [[компенсация|компенса́ции]]


lexentry: eng/clairvoyance__Noun__1
written_rep: clairvoyance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: яснови́дение
sense_list:
(parapsychology) The power to see or perceive things objects or events beyond the natural range of the senses, such as the past or the future.


lexentry: eng/clairvoyant__Noun__1
written_rep: clairvoyant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: яснови́дец | яснови́дица
sense_list:
A person able to see things that cannot be perceived by the normal senses | A person able to foresee the future


lexentry: eng/clam__Noun__1
written_rep: clam
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[двуство́рчатый]] [[моллю́ск]] | моллю́ск
sense_list:
A bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are edible; for example soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria), hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), sea clams or hen clams (Spisula solidissima), and other species, possibly originally applied to clams of species Tridacna gigas, a huge East Indian bivalve. | (US, slang, mostly, in the plural) A dollar.


lexentry: eng/clamp__Noun__1
written_rep: clamp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зажи́м | кле́мма | скоба́ | струбци́на | хому́т
sense_list:
A brace, band, or clasp for strengthening or holding things together. | A pile of materials to be heated in a controlled way, stacked or heaped together with fuel so that the fire permeates the pile; the material of interest may be bricks to be fired, ore for roasting, coal for coking, or wood to be charcoalized.


lexentry: eng/clamp__Noun__1
written_rep: clamp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: бурт | кага́т
sense_list:
(agriculture) A compact pile of agricultural produce (such as root vegetables or silage) used for temporary storage (often covered with straw, earth, or both).


lexentry: eng/clamp_down_on__Verb__1
written_rep: clamp down on
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: покончить
sense_list:
(transitive, idiomatic) To take measures to stop (something); to put an end to (something); to exert tighter control of (something); to treat (someone or something) more harshly.


lexentry: eng/clan__Noun__1
written_rep: clan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: клан | род
sense_list:
A traditional social group of families in the Scottish Highlands having a common hereditary chieftain.


lexentry: eng/clanger__Noun__1
written_rep: clanger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: квак
sense_list:
(chiefly, UK, Commonwealth, Ireland, informal, often in the phrase drop a clanger) A very noticeable mistake; an attention-getting faux pas.


lexentry: eng/clap__Noun__1
written_rep: clap
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: хлопок
sense_list:
Any loud, sudden, explosive sound made by striking hard surfaces together, or resembling such a sound.


lexentry: eng/clapboard__Noun__1
written_rep: clapboard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гонт
sense_list:
A narrow board, usually thicker at one edge than the other, used as siding for houses and similar structures of frame construction.


lexentry: eng/clapper__Noun__1
written_rep: clapper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: [[язы́к]] ([[колокол|ко́локола]]) | язык
sense_list:
An object so suspended inside a bell that it may hit the bell and cause it to ring; a clanger or tongue.


lexentry: eng/clapper__Noun__1
written_rep: clapper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: трещо́тка
sense_list:
A wooden mechanical device used as a scarecrow; bird-scaring rattle, a wind-rattle or a wind-clapper.


lexentry: eng/clapperboard__Noun__1
written_rep: clapperboard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хлопу́шка
sense_list:
(film) A device used in film production, having hinged boards that are brought together with a clap, used at the start of each take of a motion picture or other video production to be able to synchronize picture and sound during editing.


lexentry: eng/claret__Noun__1
written_rep: claret
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бордо́ | кларе́т
sense_list:
(chiefly, UK) A dry red wine produced in the Bordeaux region of France, or a similar wine made elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/clarification__Noun__1
written_rep: clarification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: объясне́ние | поясне́ние | проясне́ние | разъясне́ние
sense_list:
The act of clarifying; the act or process of making clear or transparent by freeing visible impurities; particularly, the clearing or fining of liquid substances from impurities via the separation of the insoluble particles which prevent the liquid from being transparent.


lexentry: eng/clarify__Verb__1
written_rep: clarify
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: очища́ть | чи́стить
sense_list:
(ergative, of liquids, such as wine or syrup) To make or become clear or bright by freeing from impurities or turbidity.


lexentry: eng/clarify__Verb__1
written_rep: clarify
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: проясни́ть | проясня́ть | проясни́ться
sense_list:
(by extension) To make or become clear or easily understood; to explain or resolve in order to remove doubt or obscurity.


lexentry: eng/clarinet__Noun__1
written_rep: clarinet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кларне́т | кларнет
sense_list:
(woodwind instrument) A woodwind musical instrument that has a distinctive liquid tone whose characteristics vary among its three registers: chalumeau (low), clarion (medium), and altissimo (high).


lexentry: eng/clarion__Noun__1
written_rep: clarion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: горн | кларион | рожо́к
sense_list:
(brass instrument, historical, or, poetic) A medieval brass instrument chiefly used as a battle signal; related to the trumpet, it had a narrow, straight pipe and a high-pitched, piercing sound.


lexentry: eng/clash__Verb__1
written_rep: clash
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: конфликтова́ть | ста́лкиваться | столкну́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive, of clothes, decor, colours) To fail to look good together; to contrast unattractively; to fail to harmonize.


lexentry: eng/clasp__Noun__1
written_rep: clasp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: застёжка
sense_list:
(countable) A device with interlocking parts used for fastening things together, such as a fastener or a holder.


lexentry: eng/class__Noun__1
written_rep: class
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: класс
sense_list:
(sociology, countable) A social grouping, based on job, wealth, etc. In Britain, society is commonly split into three main classes: upper class, middle class and working class. | (uncountable) The division of society into classes. | (uncountable) Admirable behavior; elegance. | (countable) A category of seats in an airplane, train or other means of mass transportation. | (taxonomy, countable) A rank in the classification of organisms, below phylum and above order; a taxon of that rank. | (set theory) A collection of sets definable by a shared property, especially one which is not itself a set (in which case the class is called proper). | (object-oriented, countable) A set of objects having the same behavior (but typically differing in state), or a template defining such a set in terms of its common properties, functions, etc.


lexentry: eng/class__Noun__1
written_rep: class
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: класс | гру́ппа
sense_list:
(education, countable, and, uncountable) A group of students in a regularly scheduled meeting with a teacher.


lexentry: eng/class__Noun__1
written_rep: class
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: класс | курс
sense_list:
(countable) A group of students who commenced or completed their education during a particular year. A school class.


lexentry: eng/class_action__Noun__1
written_rep: class action
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: группово́й иск | коллекти́вный иск
sense_list:
(law, chiefly, US, Canada) A lawsuit brought by a single plaintiff or small group of plaintiffs as a representative of a large group of others having a common interest, with everyone in the large group eligible to receive damages if the plaintiff is successful.


lexentry: eng/class_consciousness__Noun__1
written_rep: class consciousness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кла́ссовое созна́ние
sense_list:
(Marxism, social sciences) An individual's awareness of their relative place within the class system of society.


lexentry: eng/class_struggle__Noun__1
written_rep: class struggle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кла́ссовая борьба́
sense_list:
Conflict between social or economic classes (especially between the capitalist and proletariat classes); the active expression of a theoretical class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective.


lexentry: eng/classical__Adjective__1
written_rep: classical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: класси́ческий
sense_list:
(informal, music) Describing art music (rather than pop, jazz, blues, etc), especially when played using instruments of the orchestra. | Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and Romans, especially to Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of the period when their best literature was produced; of or pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and Romans, or rendered famous by their deeds.


lexentry: eng/classical_antiquity__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: classical antiquity
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: античность
sense_list:
(history) The era of the height of Greco-Roman civilization in southern Europe, roughly comprising the 6th century BC to the 5th century (AD), although sometimes distinguished from Late Antiquity


lexentry: eng/classical_conditioning__Noun__1
written_rep: classical conditioning
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: условный рефлекс
sense_list:
(psychology) A learning process in which a previously neutral stimulus (such as a bell) is paired with a potent stimulus (such as food in the case of a dog), so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response (salivation) similar to the one elicited by the potent stimulus.


lexentry: eng/classical_guitar__Noun__1
written_rep: classical guitar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: класси́ческая гита́ра
sense_list:
A type of flat-tabled guitar of Spanish origin used primarily for Western classical music, flamenco, and Latin American music, with six nylon (formerly gut) strings, usually played with the fingers rather than with a plectrum.


lexentry: eng/classical_mechanics__Noun__1
written_rep: classical mechanics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: класси́ческая меха́ника
sense_list:
(physics) All of the physical laws of nature that account for the behaviour of the normal world, but break down when dealing with the very small (see quantum mechanics) or the very fast or very heavy (see relativity).


lexentry: eng/classical_music__Noun__1
written_rep: classical music
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кла́ссика | класси́ческая му́зыка
sense_list:
(music genre) Music of the classical period; the music of Mozart, Haydn, etc; the musical period before the romantic.


lexentry: eng/classicism__Noun__1
written_rep: classicism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: классици́зм | классицизм
sense_list:
(uncountable) All the classical traditions of the art and architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, especially the aspects of simplicity, elegance and proportion.


lexentry: eng/classicist__Noun__1
written_rep: classicist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: классици́ст
sense_list:
A classical scholar, especially one who studies ancient Greek and Latin language and culture. | A follower of classicism.


lexentry: eng/classification__Noun__1
written_rep: classification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: классифика́ция | классифици́рование
sense_list:
The act of forming into a class or classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or attributes.


lexentry: eng/classified_advertisement__Noun__1
written_rep: classified advertisement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мелкое объявление
sense_list:
Any of a list of newspaper or website advertisements included with others under a heading describing the category of product or service offered or sought.


lexentry: eng/classism__Noun__1
written_rep: classism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: классизм
sense_list:
Discrimination or prejudice that is based on social class, especially against those of lower social class.


lexentry: eng/clastic__Adjective__1
written_rep: clastic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обломочные
sense_list:
Made up of parts that are easily removable. | (geology, of rock) Made from fragments of pre-existing rocks.


lexentry: eng/clathrate_compound__Noun__1
written_rep: clathrate compound
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клатра́т
sense_list:
(chemistry) a substance consisting of molecules of one element or compound contained within the cage-like structure of another


lexentry: eng/clause__Noun__1
written_rep: clause
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: предложе́ние
sense_list:
(grammar) A verb along with its subject and their modifiers. If a clause provides a complete thought on its own, then it is an independent (superordinate) clause; otherwise, it is dependent (subordinate). (Independent clauses can be sentences; they can also be part of a sentence. Dependent clauses can only be part of a sentence.)


lexentry: eng/claustrum__Noun__1
written_rep: claustrum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: огра́да
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) A thin, irregular sheet of grey matter underneath the inner part of the neocortex on both sides of the brains of mammals; its exact function is not understood, but it is believed to facilitate coordination between senses


lexentry: eng/clavichord__Noun__1
written_rep: clavichord
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клавико́рд
sense_list:
(musical instruments) An early keyboard instrument producing a soft sound by means of metal blades (called tangents) attached to the inner ends of the keys gently striking the strings.


lexentry: eng/clavicle__Noun__1
written_rep: clavicle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ключи́ца
sense_list:
(skeleton) The collarbone; the prominent bone at the top of the chest between the shoulder and the neck connecting the shoulder and the breastbone.


lexentry: eng/claw__Noun__1
written_rep: claw
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: клешня́
sense_list:
The pincer (chela) of a crustacean or other arthropod. | (botany) A slender appendage or process, formed like a claw, such as the base of petals of the pink.


lexentry: eng/clawed_frog__Noun__1
written_rep: clawed frog
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шпо́рцевая лягу́шка
sense_list:
Any of a group of aquatic carnivorous frogs in the genus Xenopus, which are very small and have small claws.


lexentry: eng/clay__Noun__1
written_rep: clay
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гли́на | глина
sense_list:
A mineral substance made up of small crystals of silica and alumina, that is ductile when moist; the material of pre-fired ceramics.


lexentry: eng/clean__Adjective__1
written_rep: clean
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чи́стый | чистый
sense_list:
Free of dirt, filth, or impurities (extraneous matter); not dirty, filthy, or soiled. | Pure, especially morally or religiously.


lexentry: eng/clean__Adjective__1
written_rep: clean
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: чи́стый
sense_list:
In an unmarked condition; blank. | (informal) Not in possession of weapons or contraband such as drugs. | Free from (or showing no signs of) corrupt, unlawful, and/or sinister conduct or connections (and (of criminal, driving, etc. records) therefore without restrictions or penalties).


lexentry: eng/clean_and_jerk__Noun__1
written_rep: clean and jerk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: толчо́к
sense_list:
(weightlifting) The act of lifting the barbell from the floor to a resting position across the front of the shoulders (the clean phase), pausing, and thrusting the barbell over the head to a stationary position in one movement (the jerk phase). The normal technique for both parts of this act involves propelling the barbell upwards, quickly lowering the torso, and then straightening the legs.


lexentry: eng/clean_someone's_clock__Verb__1
written_rep: clean someone's clock
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: разде́лать под оре́х | разма́зать по сте́нке
sense_list:
(idiomatic, informal) To defeat someone decisively, in a physical fight or other competition or negotiation.


lexentry: eng/cleaner__Noun__1
written_rep: cleaner
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: очисти́тель
sense_list:
A substance used for cleaning; especially, one retailed for that purpose and meant for use on things other than one's own body.


lexentry: eng/cleaner_fish__Noun__1
written_rep: cleaner fish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ры́ба-чи́стильщик
sense_list:
(zoology) Any of many unrelated fishes that provide a service to other fish species by removing dead skin and parasites.


lexentry: eng/cleanroom__Noun__1
written_rep: cleanroom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чистые помещения
sense_list:
A room or environment that is controlled in such a way as to minimize airborne particulate matter, typically for the purpose of fabricating sensitive electronic or other devices.


lexentry: eng/cleanse__Verb__1
written_rep: cleanse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: очищать
sense_list:
(transitive) To free from dirt; to clean, to purify. | (transitive) To spiritually purify; to free from guilt or sin; to purge.


lexentry: eng/cleanskin__Noun__1
written_rep: cleanskin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: чи́стый
sense_list:
Someone with no prior criminal record, a person with no previous convictions; loosely, someone who has not done anything wrong before, an unblemished character.


lexentry: eng/clear__Verb__1
written_rep: clear
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: пройти́ | проходи́ть
sense_list:
(intransitive) Of a check or financial transaction, to go through as payment; to be processed so that the money is transferred.


lexentry: eng/clear_one's_throat__Verb__1
written_rep: clear one's throat
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прочищать горло
sense_list:
Forcibly, sometimes mutedly, expelling air from one's lungs, sometimes to clear mucus, sometimes to attract attention to something; less vigorous than coughing.


lexentry: eng/clearance__Noun__1
written_rep: clearance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: ликвида́ция | распрода́жа
sense_list:
(retail) A sale of merchandise, especially at significantly reduced prices, usually in order to make room for new merchandise or updated versions of the same merchandise; sometimes as a closeout.


lexentry: eng/clearance__Noun__1
written_rep: clearance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: кли́ренс | кли́ринг
sense_list:
(banking, finance) The settlement of transactions involving securities or means of payment such as checks by means of a clearing house.


lexentry: eng/clearing__Noun__1
written_rep: clearing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: кли́ринг
sense_list:
(banking, finance) A process of exchanging transaction information and authorisation through a central institution or system to complete and settle those transactions.


lexentry: eng/clearness__Noun__1
written_rep: clearness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: свет
sense_list:
The state of being free from obscurities or opacity; distinctness of light, colour etc. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/cleavage__Noun__1
written_rep: cleavage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: [[ме́жду]] [[грудь|груде́й]] | ложби́нка
sense_list:
The hollow or separation between a woman's breasts, especially as revealed by a low neckline. [from 20th c.] | (by extension) Any similar separation between two body parts, such as the buttocks or toes.


lexentry: eng/cleave__Verb__1
written_rep: cleave
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: раска́лывать | расколо́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) (chemistry) To split (a complex molecule) into simpler molecules. | (intransitive) To split.


lexentry: eng/clef__Noun__1
written_rep: clef
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ключ
sense_list:
(music) A symbol found on a musical staff that indicates the pitches represented by the lines and the spaces on the staff [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/cleft_chin__Noun__1
written_rep: cleft chin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: раздво́енный подборо́док
sense_list:
An anatomical genetic trait in which a fissure in the lower jaw causes a visible dimple in the center of the chin.


lexentry: eng/cleft_palate__Noun__1
written_rep: cleft palate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: во́лчья пасть
sense_list:
(teratology) An abnormal condition in which the two plates of the skull that form the hard palate (roof of the mouth) are not completely joined.


lexentry: eng/clematis__Noun__1
written_rep: clematis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клема́тис | ломоно́с | борода́вник
sense_list:
(botany) Any plant of the genus Clematis, vigorous climbing lianas found throughout the temperate zones.


lexentry: eng/clemency__Noun__1
written_rep: clemency
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: поми́лование
sense_list:
(legal) A pardon, commutation, or similar reduction, removal, or postponement of legal penalties by an executive officer of a state.


lexentry: eng/clementine__Noun__1
written_rep: clementine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клементи́н
sense_list:
A type of small, sweet-tasting orange, the result of a hybrid cross between the willowleaf variety of mandarin orange (Citrus × aurantium f. deliciosa) and a sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Scientific name: Citrus × clementina.


lexentry: eng/clerestory__Noun__1
written_rep: clerestory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клеристо́рий
sense_list:
(architecture) The upper part of a wall containing windows to let in natural light to a building, especially in the nave, transept and choir of a church or cathedral.


lexentry: eng/clerk__Noun__1
written_rep: clerk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: делопроизводи́тель | делопроизводи́тельница | клерк | слу́жащая | слу́жащий | чино́вник
sense_list:
One who occupationally provides assistance by working with records, accounts, letters, etc.; an office worker.


lexentry: eng/clever_clogs__Noun__1
written_rep: clever clogs
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: всезнайка
sense_list:
(slang, UK, and, Ireland) Somebody who is rather too clever; a smart aleck; sometimes used as an epithet.


lexentry: eng/clever_dick__Noun__1
written_rep: clever dick
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: всезнайка
sense_list:
(informal, chiefly, British) A person who annoyingly tries too hard to impress with their cleverness.


lexentry: eng/clevis__Noun__1
written_rep: clevis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: такела́жная ско́ба
sense_list:
A U-shaped coupling having holes at each end, through which a bolt is run; used especially to fit attachments to a tractor or other vehicle as it allows a degree of rotation about the bolt.


lexentry: eng/clew__Noun__1
written_rep: clew
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: [[шко́товый]] [[у́гол]] [[парус|па́руса]]
sense_list:
(nautical) The lower corner(s) of a sail to which a sheet is attached for trimming the sail (adjusting its position relative to the wind); the metal loop or cringle in the corner of the sail, to which the sheet is attached. (on a triangular sail) The trailing corner relative to the wind direction.


lexentry: eng/cliché__Noun__1
written_rep: cliché
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клише́ | штамп
sense_list:
Something, most often a phrase or expression, that is overused or used outside its original context, so that its original impact and meaning are lost. A trite saying; a platitude. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/click__Noun__1
written_rep: click
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: щелчо́к | щёлканье
sense_list:
A brief, sharp, not particularly loud, relatively high-pitched sound produced by the impact of something small and hard against something hard, such as by the operation of a switch, a lock, or a latch. | The sound made by a dolphin.


lexentry: eng/click__Noun__1
written_rep: click
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: щёлкающий звук
sense_list:
(phonetics) An ingressive sound made by coarticulating a velar or uvular closure with another closure.


lexentry: eng/click__Noun__1
written_rep: click
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: клик | щелчо́к
sense_list:
(GUI) The act of pressing a button on a computer mouse or similar input device, both as a physical act and a reaction in the software.


lexentry: eng/click__Verb__1
written_rep: click
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: щёлкать | кли́кать | кли́кнуть | щёлкнуть
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause to make a click; to operate (a switch, etc) so that it makes a click. | (transitive, GUI) To select a software item using, usually, but not always, the pressing of a mouse button.


lexentry: eng/click_beetle__Noun__1
written_rep: click beetle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: щелку́н
sense_list:
Any of various beetles of the family Elateridae, generally less than 20 mm long, which, if turned upside down, flip themselves into the air with a clicking sound.


lexentry: eng/clickbait__Noun__1
written_rep: clickbait
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кликбейт
sense_list:
(Internet, _, marketing, pejorative) Website content that is aimed at generating advertising revenue, especially at the expense of quality or accuracy, relying on sensationalist headlines to attract click-throughs; such headlines.


lexentry: eng/client__Noun__1
written_rep: client
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: клие́нт | клиент
sense_list:
(computing) The role of a computer application or system that requests and/or consumes the services provided by another having the role of server.


lexentry: eng/clientele__Noun__1
written_rep: clientele
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клиенту́ра | клиентура
sense_list:
The body or class of people who frequent an establishment or purchase a service, especially when considered as forming a more-or-less homogeneous group of clients in terms of values or habits.


lexentry: eng/climacteric__Adjective__1
written_rep: climacteric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: климактери́ческий
sense_list:
(medicine) Relating to a period of physiological change during middle age; especially, menopausal. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/climacterium__Noun__1
written_rep: climacterium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: климакс
sense_list:
(medical) The bodily and mental changes linked to the reproductive and endocrine function in men and women occurring during the latter part of middle age.


lexentry: eng/climate__Noun__1
written_rep: climate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кли́мат | климат
sense_list:
The long-term manifestations of weather and other atmospheric conditions in a given area or country, now usually represented by the statistical summary of its weather conditions during a period long enough to ensure that representative values are obtained (generally 30 years). | (figuratively) The context in general of a particular political, moral, etc., situation.


lexentry: eng/climate_catastrophe__Noun__1
written_rep: climate catastrophe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: климатическая катастрофа
sense_list:
The severe negative effects of climate change on both the natural world and humanity as a result of extreme weather events, sea level rise, biodiversity loss, etc.


lexentry: eng/climate_change__Noun__1
written_rep: climate change
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: измене́ние кли́мата | изменение климата
sense_list:
Rapid, large-scale, and long-term change in the Earth's climatic system produced by global warming; anthropogenic climate change.


lexentry: eng/climate_strike__Noun__1
written_rep: climate strike
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: климати́ческая забасто́вка
sense_list:
A protest in which people absent themselves from professional or educational activities in order to join demonstrations calling for action to counter climate change.


lexentry: eng/climb__Verb__1
written_rep: climb
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: взбира́ться | взобра́ться | вскара́бкаться | зале́зть | кара́бкаться | ла́зить
sense_list:
(transitive) To move (especially up and down something) by gripping with the hands and using the feet.


lexentry: eng/climbing__Noun__1
written_rep: climbing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лазание
sense_list:
(uncountable) The sport of climbing, ascending a wall or a rock or another object using available holds, generally with the safety of a rope and belayer.


lexentry: eng/clinch__Noun__1
written_rep: clinch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: клинч
sense_list:
(wrestling, combat sports) The act of one or both fighters holding onto the other to prevent being hit or engage in standup grappling.


lexentry: eng/clingfish__Noun__1
written_rep: clingfish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прилипа́ла
sense_list:
A small marine fish of the family Gobiesocidae which has a sucking disc on its underside that it uses to cling to rocks and seaweed.


lexentry: eng/clingy__Adjective__1
written_rep: clingy
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: навя́зчивый | назо́йливый | привя́зчивый
sense_list:
(informal, usually, derogatory) Pathetically attached to, or possessive of someone, usually a significant other.


lexentry: eng/clinic__Noun__1
written_rep: clinic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кли́ника | амбулато́рия | лече́бница | поликли́ника
sense_list:
A medical facility, such as a hospital, especially one for the treatment and diagnosis of outpatients.


lexentry: eng/clinical__Adjective__1
written_rep: clinical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: бесстра́стный
sense_list:
Cool and emotionless, in a professional way, as contrasted with an impetuous#Adjective or unprofessional#Adjective way.


lexentry: eng/clinical_death__Noun__1
written_rep: clinical death
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клини́ческая смерть
sense_list:
(medicine, legal) A state in which usual medically observable vital signs—such as respiration, heartbeat, and corneal reflex—are not present, but from which patients are sometimes revived.


lexentry: eng/clinical_psychology__Noun__1
written_rep: clinical psychology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клиническая психоло́гия
sense_list:
(psychology) A branch of psychology with the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development.


lexentry: eng/clinical_trial__Noun__1
written_rep: clinical trial
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клини́ческое испыта́ние | клини́ческое иссле́дование
sense_list:
(medicine) A test of a medication or other medical treatment (such as a medical device), usually a comparison against a placebo, other medications or devices, or the standard medical treatment for a patient's condition.


lexentry: eng/clinician__Noun__1
written_rep: clinician
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: клиници́ст | клиници́стка
sense_list:
(chiefly, US) Someone who conducts a clinic; an expert or skilled practitioner in a particular field, such as business or education. In this sense, a clinician is someone who provides practical advice or hands-on assistance to others in a specific area of expertise. For example, a business clinician might be an experienced consultant who helps companies improve their operations, while an education clinician might be a skilled teacher who provides professional development and support to other educators.


lexentry: eng/clink__Verb__1
written_rep: clink
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бренча́ть | бря́цать | дребезжа́ть | звене́ть | звуча́ть | звя́кать
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To make a clinking sound; to make a sound of metal on metal or glass on glass; to strike materials such as metal or glass against one another.


lexentry: eng/clinker__Noun__1
written_rep: clinker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: шлак
sense_list:
Slag or ash produced by intense heat in a furnace, kiln or boiler that forms a hard residue upon cooling. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/clip__Noun__1
written_rep: clip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: обойма
sense_list:
(military) A frame containing a number of rounds of ammunition which is intended to be inserted into an internal magazine of a firearm to allow for rapid reloading.


lexentry: eng/clip__Noun__2
written_rep: clip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: выреза́ние | стри́жка
sense_list:
A short piece of audio (shortened version of audio clip, or alternatively clipping of audio). | An act of clipping, such as a haircut.


lexentry: eng/clipboard__Noun__1
written_rep: clipboard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: бу́фер обме́на | карма́н | клипборд | планше́т с зажи́мом
sense_list:
(computing) A buffer in memory where the user can store data temporarily while transferring it from one place within an application to another or between applications.


lexentry: eng/clipper__Noun__1
written_rep: clipper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: кли́пер
sense_list:
(nautical) Any of several forms of very fast sailing ships having a long, low hull and a sharply raked stem.


lexentry: eng/clique__Noun__1
written_rep: clique
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кли́ка
sense_list:
A small, exclusive group of individuals, usually according to lifestyle or social status; a cabal. | (graph theory) A subgraph isomorphic to a complete graph.


lexentry: eng/clitellum__Noun__1
written_rep: clitellum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пояс
sense_list:
(biology) A glandular swelling in the epidermis of some annelid worms; it secretes a viscous fluid in which the eggs are deposited.


lexentry: eng/clitic__Noun__1
written_rep: clitic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кли́тика
sense_list:
(linguistics) A morpheme that functions like a word, but never appears as an independent word, instead being always attached to a following or preceding word (or, in some cases, within a surrounding word).


lexentry: eng/clitoral_hood__Noun__1
written_rep: clitoral hood
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клитора́льный капюшо́н
sense_list:
A fold of skin that surrounds and protects the clitoris, homologous with the male foreskin; the female prepuce.


lexentry: eng/clitoris__Noun__1
written_rep: clitoris
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кли́тор | похотни́к | клитор
sense_list:
(anatomy) A sensitive elongated erectile sex organ at the anterior part of the vulva in female humans and other mammals. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/cloaca__Noun__1
written_rep: cloaca
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: клоа́ка
sense_list:
(anatomy, zoology) The opening in reptiles, amphibians and birds, as well as elasmobranchians, lobe-finned fishes, marsupials and monotreme mammals, which serves as the common outlet for the urogenital ducts and rectum.


lexentry: eng/clobber__Verb__1
written_rep: clobber
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: перезапи́сывать | перезаписа́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, computing, slang) To overwrite (data) or override (an assignment of a value), often unintentionally or unexpectedly.


lexentry: eng/clock__Noun__1
written_rep: clock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: часы
sense_list:
(electronics) An electrical signal that synchronizes timing among digital circuits of semiconductor chips or modules.


lexentry: eng/clock_speed__Noun__1
written_rep: clock speed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: синхросигнал | тактовый сигнал
sense_list:
(computing, computer hardware) The rate, measured in hertz, at which a processor performs its fundamental operations.


lexentry: eng/clock_tower__Noun__1
written_rep: clock tower
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: часова́я ба́шня
sense_list:
(architecture) A tower, usually in a prominent position, having a large clock in a high position, often with several faces.


lexentry: eng/clockwork__Noun__1
written_rep: clockwork
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: веревка
sense_list:
A mechanism powered by a coiled spring and regulated by some form of escapement; the power is transmitted through toothed gearwheels and used to drive a mechanical clock, toy, or other device.


lexentry: eng/clod__Noun__1
written_rep: clod
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ком | глы́ба
sense_list:
A lump of something, especially earth or clay. | Part of a shoulder of beef, or of the neck piece near the shoulder.


lexentry: eng/cloister__Noun__1
written_rep: cloister
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клуа́тр | кры́тая арка́да | кры́тая галере́я
sense_list:
A covered walk with an open colonnade on one side, running along the walls of buildings that surround a quadrangle; especially:


lexentry: eng/clone__Noun__1
written_rep: clone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клон
sense_list:
A living organism (originally a plant) produced asexually from a single ancestor, to which it is genetically identical. | (cytology) A group of identical cells derived from a single cell.


lexentry: eng/cloning__Noun__1
written_rep: cloning
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: клони́рование
sense_list:
(biology) The production of a cloned embryo by transplanting the nucleus of a somatic cell into an ovum.


lexentry: eng/close,_but_no_cigar__Phrase__1
written_rep: close, but no cigar
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: про́мах есть про́мах | чуть-чу́ть не счита́ется
sense_list:
(idiomatic, originally, US, colloquial) Used to indicate that one is almost correct or has almost succeeded, but not quite. [from early 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/close__Verb__1
written_rep: close
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: закры́ть | закрыва́ть | закрыть
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed.


lexentry: eng/close__Verb__1
written_rep: close
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: закрыть
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive, electricity, of a switch, fuse or circuit breaker) To move to a position allowing electricity to flow.


lexentry: eng/close_ranks__Verb__1
written_rep: close ranks
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: смыка́ть ряды́ | сомкну́ть ряды́
sense_list:
(figuratively) To regroup forces, especially when this involves overlooking differences in order to face a challenge or adverse situation. Often implies making a show of unity, especially to the public.


lexentry: eng/close_the_stable_door_after_the_horse_has_bolted__Verb__1
written_rep: close the stable door after the horse has bolted
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: после пожара да за водой
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To attempt to prevent a problem that has already occurred; to design and implement a preventive mechanism that is too late (after the first failure instead of before).


lexentry: eng/closed__Adjective__1
written_rep: closed
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: за́мкнутый | закры́тый
sense_list:
(computing, of a file, document, etc.) Not in current use; not connected to as a resource. | Not available for operation, participation, interaction, etc. | Not available for use or operation.


lexentry: eng/closed__Adjective__1
written_rep: closed
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: за́мкнутый
sense_list:
(topology, of a set) Having an open complement. | (mathematics, of a set) Such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it.


lexentry: eng/closed_caption__Noun__1
written_rep: closed caption
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: скрытые субтитры
sense_list:
(television) Text which can be displayed on a television or other video screen with suitable equipment, usually a transcription or description of audio material.


lexentry: eng/closet__Noun__1
written_rep: closet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шкаф
sense_list:
A small room within a house used to store clothing, food, or other household supplies. | (obsolete) Any private space, (particularly) bowers in the open air. | (archaic) A private room used for prayer or other devotions. | (figuratively, archaic) A place of (usually, fanciful) contemplation and theorizing. | (now, rare) Any private or inner room, (particularly): | (obsolete) A private room used by women to groom and dress themselves. | (obsolete) A pew or side-chapel reserved for a monarch or other feudal lord. | (archaic) One used to store curiosities. | (figuratively) A secret or hiding place, (particularly) the hiding place in English idioms such as in the closet and skeleton in the closet. | (obsolete) One used to store valuables. | (slang, uncommon) Clipping of closet case. | A private cabinet, (particularly): | (US, Philippines) One intended for storing clothes or bedclothes. | (now, chiefly, Scotland, Ireland) Any small room or side room. | (obsolete) Clipping of closet of ease, (later, UK) clipping of water closet: a room containing a toilet. | (heraldiccharge) An ordinary similar to a bar but half as broad. | (Scotland, obsolete) A sewer. | A state or condition of secrecy, privacy, or obscurity. | The state of having one's sexual orientation a secret. | (archaic) A compendium of knowledge, possibly from closet as a room?


lexentry: eng/closeup__Noun__1
written_rep: closeup
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: кру́пный план
sense_list:
(film) A video or film recording made with the camera positioned close to an actor, often so that only the head or face is visible.


lexentry: eng/cloth__Noun__1
written_rep: cloth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ткань | мате́рия | сукно́
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) A fabric, usually made of woven, knitted, or felted fibres or filaments, such as used in dressing, decorating, cleaning or other practical use. | (metaphoric) Appearance; seeming.


lexentry: eng/clothes_dryer__Noun__1
written_rep: clothes dryer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: суши́лка | суши́льная маши́на
sense_list:
An electrical appliance used for drying clothes, usually by tumbling them in a heated rotating drum.


lexentry: eng/clothes_moth__Noun__1
written_rep: clothes moth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: моль | платяна́я моль
sense_list:
Any of several small, yellowish or buff-colored moths of the family Tineidae, feeding on textiles (wool, fur, feathers).


lexentry: eng/clothes_peg__Noun__1
written_rep: clothes peg
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прище́пка
sense_list:
(British, Australia, NZ, Canada) An object (usually made of wood or plastic) used to attach wet laundry to a clothesline so that it (the laundry) can dry.


lexentry: eng/clothesline__Noun__1
written_rep: clothesline
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бельева́я верёвка
sense_list:
A rope or cord tied up outdoors to hang clothes on so they can dry. | (North America, informal) The act of knocking a person over by striking his or her upper body or neck with one's arm, as if he or she had run into a low clothesline.


lexentry: eng/clotted_cream__Noun__1
written_rep: clotted cream
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: топлёные сли́вки
sense_list:
A thick, sweet dairy product, made by skimming the thickened layer off the top of unhomogenized cream that has been heated and allowed to stand. Fat content is at least 55%.


lexentry: eng/cloud__Noun__1
written_rep: cloud
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: облако | о́блако | ту́ча
sense_list:
A visible mass of water droplets suspended in the air. | Any mass of dust, steam or smoke resembling such a mass.


lexentry: eng/cloud__Noun__1
written_rep: cloud
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: о́блако | облако
sense_list:
(cloud computing, with "the") The Internet, regarded as an abstract amorphous omnipresent space for processing and storage, the focus of cloud computing.


lexentry: eng/cloud_computing__Noun__1
written_rep: cloud computing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: о́блачные вычисле́ния
sense_list:
(informal, computing) Computing services provided over the Internet (or the “cloud”), whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand.


lexentry: eng/clouded_leopard__Noun__1
written_rep: clouded leopard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ды́мчатый леопа́рд
sense_list:
(especially) A mainland clouded leopard, a medium-sized, arboreal cat of species Neofelis nebulosa, found in Southeast Asia.


lexentry: eng/clove__Noun__1
written_rep: clove
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гвозди́ка | гвоздика
sense_list:
(uncountable, or, countable) A very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove tree.


lexentry: eng/clove__Noun__1
written_rep: clove
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: гвозди́чное де́рево
sense_list:
(countable) A clove tree, of the species Syzygium aromaticum (syn. Caryophyllus aromaticus), native to the Moluccas (Indonesian islands), which produces the spice.


lexentry: eng/clove_hitch__Noun__1
written_rep: clove hitch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: выбленка
sense_list:
(nautical) a bend formed by two half hitches in the same direction, used to make a line fast to a spar or to a larger rope; it will not slip


lexentry: eng/clover__Noun__1
written_rep: clover
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кле́вер | клевер
sense_list:
A plant of the genus Trifolium with leaves usually divided into three (rarely four) leaflets and with white or red flowers.


lexentry: eng/cloverleaf_interchange__Noun__1
written_rep: cloverleaf interchange
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клевер
sense_list:
(US, Canada) A junction of two highways, one crossing over the other, having a series of exit and entrance ramps, arranged in the form of a four-leaf clover, such that traffic may proceed from either highway in all directions.


lexentry: eng/clown__Noun__1
written_rep: clown
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шут | кло́ун | пая́ц | клоун
sense_list:
A slapstick performance artist often associated with a circus and usually characterized by bright, oversized clothing, a red nose, face paint, and a brightly colored wig.


lexentry: eng/clownfish__Noun__1
written_rep: clownfish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ры́ба-кло́ун
sense_list:
Any of the colorful fish of genera Amphiprion and Premnas in subfamily Amphiprioninae of family Pomacentridae, native to the Pacific and Indian Oceans, notable for their mutual relationship with sea anemones.


lexentry: eng/club__Noun__1
written_rep: club
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клуб
sense_list:
(countable) An association of members joining together for some common purpose, especially sports or recreation.


lexentry: eng/club__Noun__1
written_rep: club
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: дуби́на | дуби́нка | па́лица
sense_list:
(countable) A heavy object, often a kind of stick, intended for use as a bludgeoning weapon or a plaything.


lexentry: eng/club__Noun__1
written_rep: club
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: клуб | ночно́й клуб
sense_list:
An establishment that provides staged entertainment, often with food and drink, such as a nightclub.


lexentry: eng/club__Noun__1
written_rep: club
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: кре́сти | тре́фа | трефо́вая масть
sense_list:
(card games) A black clover shape (♣), one of the four symbols used to mark the suits of playing cards.


lexentry: eng/club_moss__Noun__1
written_rep: club moss
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ликопо́диум | плау́н
sense_list:
Any of various simple microphyllous vascular plants, of the family Lycopodiaceae, that resemble mosses and produce spores.


lexentry: eng/club_soda__Noun__1
written_rep: club soda
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: газированная вода
sense_list:
(North America) A carbonated beverage consisting mainly of carbonated water, with or without a few other minor ingredients such as potassium citrate.


lexentry: eng/club_together__Verb__1
written_rep: club together
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: (finance) To contribute money jointly with others.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
[[устра́ивать]] [[складчина|скла́дчину]] | [[устро́ить]] [[складчина|скла́дчину]] | ски́дываться | ски́нуться | скла́дываться | сложи́ться


lexentry: eng/cluck__Verb__1
written_rep: cluck
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: куда́хтать
sense_list:
(intransitive) To make low clicking sounds (refers to hens). | (transitive) To cause (the tongue) to make a clicking sound.


lexentry: eng/clumsy__Adjective__1
written_rep: clumsy
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: неудо́бный
sense_list:
Awkward or inefficient in use or construction, difficult to handle or manage especially because of shape.


lexentry: eng/cluster__Noun__1
written_rep: cluster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гроздь
sense_list:
(epidemiology) A group of cases of the same disease occurring around the same place or time. | (linguistics) Synonym of lexical bundle (“a sequence of two or more words that occur in a language with high frequency but are not idiomatic”).


lexentry: eng/cluster__Noun__1
written_rep: cluster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гру́ппа
sense_list:
(statistics) In cluster analysis: a subset of a population whose members are similar enough to each other and distinct from others as to be considered a separate group; also, such a grouping in a set of observed data that is statistically significant.


lexentry: eng/cluster__Noun__1
written_rep: cluster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кла́стер
sense_list:
A group of computers that work together. | A logical data storage unit containing one or more physical sectors (see block).


lexentry: eng/cluster__Noun__1
written_rep: cluster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: скопле́ние
sense_list:
(astronomy) A group of galaxies, nebulae, or stars that appear to the naked eye to be near each other.


lexentry: eng/cluster_analysis__Noun__1
written_rep: cluster analysis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кла́стерный ана́лиз
sense_list:
(artificial intelligence, statistics) The classification of objects into different groups, or more precisely, the partitioning of a data set into subsets (clusters), so that the data in each subset (ideally) share some common trait - often proximity according to some defined distance measure.


lexentry: eng/cluster_bomb__Noun__1
written_rep: cluster bomb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кассе́тная бо́мба
sense_list:
An explosive munition designed to explode in the air and release a cluster of smaller explosives, thus spreading the blast over a larger area.


lexentry: eng/clusterfuck__Noun__1
written_rep: clusterfuck
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: барда́к | пизде́ц | по́лная жо́па
sense_list:
(slang, vulgar) A chaotic situation where everything seems to go wrong, often caused by communication failure, a complex environment, or incompetence.


lexentry: eng/clustering__Noun__1
written_rep: clustering
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: группа
sense_list:
(writing) A prewriting technique consisting of writing ideas down on a sheet of paper around a central idea within a circle, with the related ideas radially joined to the circle using rays.


lexentry: eng/clutch__Noun__1
written_rep: clutch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: сцепле́ние | му́фта | сцепление
sense_list:
A device to interrupt power transmission, commonly used to separate the engine and gearbox in a car. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/clutch__Noun__1
written_rep: clutch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: [[педа́ль]] [[сцепление|сцепле́ния]] | сцепление
sense_list:
The pedal in a car that disengages power and torque transmission from the engine (through the drivetrain) to the drive wheels.


lexentry: eng/clutch_pedal__Noun__1
written_rep: clutch pedal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: педаль сцепления
sense_list:
(automotive) A pedal in a manual transmission car that modulates the clutch mechanism, via clutch plate pressure.


lexentry: eng/cnidarian__Noun__1
written_rep: cnidarian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: книда́рий | стрека́ющее
sense_list:
(zoology) Any of various invertebrate animals, such as jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones, corals and formerly sponges and ctenophores that belong to the phylum Cnidaria. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/co-brother-in-law__Noun__1
written_rep: co-brother-in-law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зять
sense_list:
(uncommon) One's spouse's brother-in-law (one's spouse's sibling's husband), especially one's wife's sister's husband; either of two (or more) men who marry sisters, in relation to the other; the brother of one spouse in relation to the siblings of the other spouse.


lexentry: eng/co-father-in-law__Noun__1
written_rep: co-father-in-law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сват
sense_list:
The father of one's son- or daughter-in-law; that is, the father-in-law of one's child, or, the father of one spouse in relation to the father of the other spouse; either of two or more men whose children marry each other, such as the father of a bride vis-à-vis the father of the groom.


lexentry: eng/co-mother-in-law__Noun__1
written_rep: co-mother-in-law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сва́тья | сва́ха
sense_list:
(uncommon) The mother of one's children-in-law; that is, the mother-in-law of one's children, or, the mother of one spouse in relation to the parents of the other spouse; either of two or more women whose children marry each other, such as the mother of a bride vis-à-vis the mother of the groom.


lexentry: eng/co-sister-in-law__Noun__1
written_rep: co-sister-in-law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: неве́стка | своя́ченица
sense_list:
One's spouse's sister-in-law, especially one's husband's brother's wife, one's brother's wife in relation to the spouses of his siblings; either of two (or more) women who are married to brothers, in relation to the other.


lexentry: eng/coagulation__Noun__1
written_rep: coagulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: свёртывание
sense_list:
The precipitation of suspended particles as they increase in size by any of several physical or chemical processes. (e.g. coagulation of proteins) | The process by which blood forms solid clots.


lexentry: eng/coal__Noun__1
written_rep: coal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: у́голь | ка́менный у́голь | уголёк | уголь
sense_list:
(uncountable) A black or brownish black rock formed from prehistoric plant remains, composed largely of carbon and burned as a fuel.


lexentry: eng/coal__Noun__1
written_rep: coal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: уголь
sense_list:
(countable) A piece of coal used for burning (this use is less common in American English) | (military slang, WWI, _, –, _, WWII) Bombs emitting black smoke on impact.


lexentry: eng/coal_gas__Noun__1
written_rep: coal gas
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: светильный газ
sense_list:
(petrochemistry) The poisonous gas, used domestically for cooking etc and formerly for lighting, prepared by heating coal with steam (gasification); it is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide; sometimes synonymous with synthesis gas or town gas.


lexentry: eng/coal_tar__Noun__1
written_rep: coal tar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: каменноу́гольная смола́
sense_list:
A black, viscous tar made by the destructive distillation of coal (to make coke and town gas); it contains a great number of compounds including hydrocarbons and phenols; used in the preparation of medicinal soap and shampoo, and industrially for the manufacture of many products.


lexentry: eng/coalescer__Noun__1
written_rep: coalescer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коагуля́тор
sense_list:
Any of several devices used to perform coalescence; especially to make the fatty elements of an emulsion to coalesce into larger droplets in order to facilitate their separation.


lexentry: eng/coalface__Noun__1
written_rep: coalface
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: кузница
sense_list:
(figurative, UK) A place where more tangible, practical, or direct work of an activity is done, as opposed to theoretical or managerial work.


lexentry: eng/coalfish__Noun__1
written_rep: coalfish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: са́йда
sense_list:
Any of several blackish fish, especially Pollachius virens, a pollack, and Anoplopoma fimbria, sablefish.


lexentry: eng/coaster__Noun__1
written_rep: coaster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: [[каботажный|кабота́жное]] [[су́дно]]
sense_list:
A merchant vessel that stays in coastal waters, especially one that travels between ports of the same country.


lexentry: eng/coaster__Noun__2
written_rep: coaster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: подста́вка
sense_list:
A small, flat or tray-like object on which a bottle, cup, glass, mug, etc., is placed to protect a table surface from drink spills, heat, or water condensation.


lexentry: eng/coastline__Noun__1
written_rep: coastline
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: берегова́я ли́ния
sense_list:
The shape, outline, or boundary of a coast. (The term coastline is generally used to describe the approximate boundaries at relatively large spatial scales.)


lexentry: eng/coat_hanger__Noun__1
written_rep: coat hanger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ве́шалка | пле́чики | тре́мпель
sense_list:
A device used to hang up coats, shirts, etc, consisting of a hook with sloping "arms" in the approximate shape of human shoulders.


lexentry: eng/coat_of_arms__Noun__1
written_rep: coat of arms
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: герб
sense_list:
(heraldry) Hereditary designs and symbols depicted on an escutcheon, sometimes accompanied by other elements of a heraldic achievement, such as a helm, crest, crest coronet, torse, mantling and supporters; described by a blazon.


lexentry: eng/coat_rack__Noun__1
written_rep: coat rack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вешалка
sense_list:
A rack or stand with hooks or pegs for holding hats and coats, often placed near an entrance for temporary use


lexentry: eng/coati__Noun__1
written_rep: coati
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коа́ти | носу́ха
sense_list:
Any of several omnivorous mammals, of the genus Nasua, that live in the range from southern United States to northern Argentina.


lexentry: eng/coax__Verb__1
written_rep: coax
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: увещева́ть | угова́ривать | уговори́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To wheedle or persuade (a person, organisation, animal etc.) gradually or by use of flattery to do something.


lexentry: eng/coaxial_cable__Noun__1
written_rep: coaxial cable
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коаксиа́л | коаксиа́льный ка́бель
sense_list:
(electronics, telecommunications) A transmission line, consisting of a conducting wire surrounded by an insulated spacer, surrounded by a cylindrical conducting sheath; used to carry high frequency signals such as TV.


lexentry: eng/cobaltite__Noun__1
written_rep: cobaltite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кобальти́т
sense_list:
(mineral) A rare gray mineral, a mixed sulfide and arsenide of cobalt and iron with chemical formula CoAsS; it is an ore of cobalt.


lexentry: eng/cobber__Noun__1
written_rep: cobber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: приятель | старина
sense_list:
(Australia, slang, dated) A pal, buddy, mate, friend; often used in direct address by one male to another.


lexentry: eng/cobble_together__Verb__1
written_rep: cobble together
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сварга́нить | сля́пать
sense_list:
To put together (something) without adequate preparation or equipment; to improvise (something) minimally usable.


lexentry: eng/cobelligerent__Noun__1
written_rep: cobelligerent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: объединённый
sense_list:
Country that wages war against a common enemy, without the countries on the same side having a formal treaty of military alliance.


lexentry: eng/cobra_pose__Noun__1
written_rep: cobra pose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бхуджангаса́на
sense_list:
(asana) A yoga pose in which a person lays face-down and then extends their arm to push only their upper body up, causing the back to arch.


lexentry: eng/cobza__Noun__1
written_rep: cobza
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кобза
sense_list:
A lute-like stringed instrument (chordophone), with four strings in double courses, played with a plectrum, and most associated with the traditional music of Romania.


lexentry: eng/coca__Noun__1
written_rep: coca
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ко́ка
sense_list:
The dried leaf of one of these plants, the South American shrub (Erythroxylum coca), widely cultivated in Andean countries, which is the source of cocaine and used as aphrodisiac in the past.


lexentry: eng/cocaine__Noun__1
written_rep: cocaine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кокаи́н | кокаин
sense_list:
(uncountable, organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) An addictive drug derived from coca (Erythroxylum) or prepared synthetically, used sometimes medicinally as a local anesthetic and, often illegally, as a stimulant.


lexentry: eng/cochineal__Noun__1
written_rep: cochineal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кошени́ль
sense_list:
(countable) A scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus, native to the tropical and subtropical Americas, which lives on prickly pear cacti (genus Opuntia). | (uncountable) A vivid red dye made from the dried bodies of cochineal insects.


lexentry: eng/cochlear_implant__Noun__1
written_rep: cochlear implant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кохлеа́рный импланта́т
sense_list:
A surgically implanted electronic device that can help provide a sense of sound to a person who is profoundly deaf or severely hard of hearing.


lexentry: eng/cock__Verb__1
written_rep: cock
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: взвести́ | взводи́ть
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To lift the cock of a firearm or crossbow; to prepare (a gun or crossbow) to be fired.


lexentry: eng/cock__Verb__1
written_rep: cock
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: заломить
sense_list:
(transitive) To turn or twist something upwards or to one side; to lift or tilt (e.g. headwear) boastfully.


lexentry: eng/cock_and_ball_torture__Noun__1
written_rep: cock and ball torture
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пытка члена и яиц
sense_list:
(BDSM, paraphilia) A sexual activity involving the application of pain or constriction to the penis or testicles.


lexentry: eng/cock_up__Verb__1
written_rep: cock up
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: впутывать
sense_list:
(ambitransitive, chiefly, UK, Commonwealth, Ireland, slang, mildly) To ruin (something) unintentionally; to fuck up, mess up, or screw up.


lexentry: eng/cockatiel__Noun__1
written_rep: cockatiel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коре́лла | корелла
sense_list:
Nymphicus hollandicus, a small, rather atypical cockatoo with a distinctive pointed yellow crest, native to Australia. Avicultural forms come in many color mutations such as White Face Gray, White Face Pearl, Fallow, Pearl Pied, Cinnamon Pearl, and White Face Pied.


lexentry: eng/cockatrice__Noun__1
written_rep: cockatrice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кокатрикс
sense_list:
(mythology) A legendary creature about the size and shape of a dragon or wyvern, but in appearance resembling a giant rooster, with some lizard-like characteristics.


lexentry: eng/cockfighting__Noun__1
written_rep: cockfighting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бойцовый петух | петуши́ный бой
sense_list:
A gambling blood sport (illegal in most countries) in which two roosters have spikes placed on their feet and are made to fight each other, usually to the death.


lexentry: eng/cockle__Noun__1
written_rep: cockle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сердцеви́дка
sense_list:
Any of various edible European bivalve mollusks, of the family Cardiidae, having heart-shaped shells.


lexentry: eng/cockpit__Noun__2
written_rep: cockpit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: каби́на
sense_list:
The compartment in an aircraft or spacecraft in which the pilot sits and from where the craft is controlled. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/cockroach__Noun__1
written_rep: cockroach
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тарака́н | пруса́к | таракан
sense_list:
Any black or brown straight-winged insect of the order Blattodea that is not a termite. | (slang, offensive) A person or a member of a group of people regarded as undesirable and rapidly procreating.


lexentry: eng/cocksucker__Noun__1
written_rep: cocksucker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мине́тчик | мине́тчица | хуесо́с | хуесо́ска | членосос | членососка
sense_list:
(vulgar, colloquial, derogatory, or, offensive) A very annoying or objectionable person; any contemptible person. | (vulgar, colloquial, derogatory, offensive, very, uncommon, literal) Someone who performs fellatio.


lexentry: eng/cocoa__Noun__1
written_rep: cocoa
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кака́о | какао
sense_list:
The dried and partially fermented fatty seeds of the cacao tree from which chocolate is made. | (countable) A light to medium brown colour.


lexentry: eng/cocoa_butter__Noun__1
written_rep: cocoa butter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ма́сло кака́о
sense_list:
The fat that is extracted from the cocoa bean to make chocolate; it has a relatively sharp melting point so does not feel greasy when eaten.


lexentry: eng/cocoa_powder__Noun__1
written_rep: cocoa powder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[кака́о]]-[[порошо́к]]
sense_list:
(baking, cooking) A powder derived from ground cocoa solids, which is used to make the drink of cocoa, various chocolate products, also used as an ingredient in baking.


lexentry: eng/coconut__Noun__1
written_rep: coconut
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коко́с | коко́совый оре́х
sense_list:
A fruit of the coconut palm (not a true nut), Cocos nucifera, having a fibrous husk surrounding a large seed. | A hard-shelled seed of this fruit, having white flesh and a fluid-filled central cavity.


lexentry: eng/coconut_crab__Noun__1
written_rep: coconut crab
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коко́совый краб | па́льмовый вор
sense_list:
A terrestrial hermit crab of species Birgus latro, that lives on the shores of the Indian Ocean and the central Pacific Ocean and feeds on fruits, nuts, seeds and coconut flesh.


lexentry: eng/coconut_milk__Noun__1
written_rep: coconut milk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коко́совое молоко́
sense_list:
A thick white liquid produced by soaking the white inner flesh of the seed of the coconut in water and straining. It is traditionally used in Southeast Asian cuisine in curry and other gravy.


lexentry: eng/coconut_oil__Noun__1
written_rep: coconut oil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коко́совое ма́сло
sense_list:
A type of cooking oil extracted from the kernel or meat of matured coconuts harvested from the coconut palm.


lexentry: eng/coconut_sap__Noun__1
written_rep: coconut sap
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коко́совый сок
sense_list:
A sugary liquid obtained by tapping the stem of the coconut palm during inflorescence, from which later sugar, coconut vinegar, or palm wine may be produced.


lexentry: eng/coconut_vinegar__Noun__1
written_rep: coconut vinegar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коко́совый у́ксус
sense_list:
Vinegar made by fermenting coconut sap or less often coconut water, used extensively in Southeast Asian cuisine.


lexentry: eng/coconut_water__Noun__1
written_rep: coconut water
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коко́совая вода́
sense_list:
A clear liquid found inside immature coconuts, which suspends the endosperm during the nuclear stage of development. It is a popular drink in tropical regions.


lexentry: eng/cod__Noun__1
written_rep: cod
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: треска́ | треска
sense_list:
Sea fish of the genus Gadus generally, inclusive of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac or Gadus macrocephalus ogac). | The meat of any of the above fish.


lexentry: eng/cod_liver_oil__Noun__1
written_rep: cod liver oil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ры́бий жир
sense_list:
Oil derived from the liver of codfish, often used as a nutritional supplement due to its high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, and very high levels of vitamin A and vitamin D.


lexentry: eng/code-switching__Noun__1
written_rep: code-switching
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: переключе́ние ко́дов | смеше́ние ко́дов
sense_list:
(linguistics) The phenomenon or practice of alternating between two or more languages or language varieties.


lexentry: eng/code__Noun__1
written_rep: code
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: код
sense_list:
A short textual designation, often with little relation to the item it represents. | A set of rules for converting information into another form or representation. | (programming, uncountable) Instructions for a computer, written in a programming language; the input of a translator, an interpreter or a browser, namely: source code, machine code, bytecode.


lexentry: eng/code__Noun__1
written_rep: code
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ко́декс | уста́в
sense_list:
A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in which the rules of law to be specifically applied by the courts are set forth in systematic form; a compilation of laws by public authority; a digest.


lexentry: eng/code__Noun__1
written_rep: code
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: код | шифр
sense_list:
(cryptography) A cryptographic system using a codebook that converts words or phrases into codewords.


lexentry: eng/code_block__Noun__1
written_rep: code block
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: корпус
sense_list:
(programming) A block of source code, often one that is delimited by brackets or in some similar way, depending on the programming language.


lexentry: eng/code_name__Noun__1
written_rep: code name
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ко́довое и́мя | ко́довое назва́ние | ко́довое наименова́ние | коднэ́йм | усло́вное назва́ние
sense_list:
(business, espionage, military) A name used to clandestinely identify somebody or something, either for military or espionage purposes, or for commercial confidentiality.


lexentry: eng/code_of_honour__Noun__1
written_rep: code of honour
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ко́декс че́сти
sense_list:
Certain rules by which social intercourse is regulated among a social group, and which are founded on a regard for reputation.


lexentry: eng/codeine__Noun__1
written_rep: codeine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кодеи́н
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) An addictive alkaloid narcotic derived from opium and used as a hypnotic, analgesic and antitussive; often mixed with aspirin etc.


lexentry: eng/coder__Noun__1
written_rep: coder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ко́дер
sense_list:
A device that generates a code, often as a series of pulses. | (computing) A programmer (computer programmer).


lexentry: eng/codon__Noun__2
written_rep: codon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кодо́н | три́плет
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides, which encode for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or translation.


lexentry: eng/codpiece__Noun__1
written_rep: codpiece
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ширинка
sense_list:
A part of male dress in the 15th and 16th centuries, worn in front of the breeches to cover the male genitals.


lexentry: eng/codriver__Noun__1
written_rep: codriver
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: штурман
sense_list:
The navigator in the sport of rally racing, who sits in the front passenger seat and gives directions to the driver.


lexentry: eng/coefficient_of_friction__Noun__1
written_rep: coefficient of friction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коэффицие́нт тре́ния
sense_list:
(physics) The ratio between (1) the magnitude of the force of friction which a surface produces on an object (moving along the surface or being pressed statically against it) and (2) the magnitude of the normal force which is produced by the surface on the object and which is perpendicular to that surface.


lexentry: eng/coelacanth__Noun__1
written_rep: coelacanth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: латиме́рия | целака́нт
sense_list:
(in particular) Either of the two extant species in this group; the West Indian Ocean coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) or the Indonesian coelacanth (Latimeria menadoensis). | Any of the class Actinistia of primitive lobe-finned fish, thought to have been extinct for 70 million years until a living specimen was discovered in 1938. Most species are large and plump and they all have bodies covered in tough elasmoid scales that act as armor.


lexentry: eng/coelenterate__Noun__1
written_rep: coelenterate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кишечнополостно́е
sense_list:
(zoology, dated) Any simple aquatic animal formerly considered to belong to the phylum Coelenterata, now divided into the cnidarians and ctenophores.


lexentry: eng/coeliac_disease__Noun__1
written_rep: coeliac disease
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: целиаки́я
sense_list:
(UK) An auto-immune disease characterised by sensitivity of the lining of the small intestine to gluten, causing a failure to digest food properly.


lexentry: eng/coerce__Verb__1
written_rep: coerce
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: заста́вить | заставля́ть | прину́дить | принужда́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To use force, threat, fraud, or intimidation in an attempt to compel one to act against their will.


lexentry: eng/coercion__Noun__1
written_rep: coercion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: наси́лие | принужде́ние
sense_list:
(uncountable) Actual or threatened force for the purpose of compelling action by another person; the act of coercing.


lexentry: eng/coercion__Noun__1
written_rep: coercion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: принужде́ние
sense_list:
(legal, uncountable) Use of physical or moral force to compel a person to do something, or to abstain from doing something, thereby depriving that person of the exercise of free will.


lexentry: eng/coevolution__Noun__1
written_rep: coevolution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коэволюция
sense_list:
(ecology, evolutionary theory) The evolution of organisms of two or more species in which each adapts to changes in the other.


lexentry: eng/coexist__Verb__1
written_rep: coexist
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сосуществова́ть | сосуществовать
sense_list:
(intransitive, stative, of two or more things, people, concepts, etc.) To exist contemporaneously or in the same area.


lexentry: eng/coexistence__Noun__1
written_rep: coexistence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: совме́стное существова́ние | сосуществова́ние
sense_list:
The state of two or more things existing together, usually in a temporal or spatial sense, with or without mutual interaction.


lexentry: eng/coffee_bean__Noun__1
written_rep: coffee bean
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кофе́йное зерно́ | кофе́йный боб
sense_list:
The seed of a tropical plant of the genus Coffea, that is prepared by drying, roasting and grinding for making the beverage coffee.


lexentry: eng/coffee_break__Noun__1
written_rep: coffee break
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ко́фе-бре́йк | [[переры́в]] на [[ко́фе]] | кофе-па́уза
sense_list:
A rest period during the business day (usually of about 10 or 15 minutes). So named because it is an opportunity to get coffee.


lexentry: eng/coffee_grinder__Noun__1
written_rep: coffee grinder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кофемо́лка
sense_list:
A device for pulverizing or powdering coffee beans so they can be brewed as coffee. (Technically many of the machines tear the coffee beans).


lexentry: eng/cofferdam__Noun__1
written_rep: cofferdam
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дамба
sense_list:
(engineering) A temporary watertight enclosure used to create a dry foundation for building bridges and other structures over water.


lexentry: eng/cofounder__Noun__1
written_rep: cofounder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сооснова́тель | сооснова́тельница | соучреди́тель | соучреди́тельница
sense_list:
A joint founder; one of several people involved with the creation of a business, organization, union, or entity.


lexentry: eng/cog__Noun__2
written_rep: cog
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: когг
sense_list:
(historical) The hypothetical precursor ship type of the above said to be in use during the early Middle Ages, variously alleged to be Frisian or Scandinavian.


lexentry: eng/cognate__Noun__1
written_rep: cognate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: когна́т | однокоренно́е сло́во
sense_list:
(linguistics) A word either descended from the same base word of the same ancestor language as the given word, or judged to be a regular reflex of the same reconstructed root of proto-language as the given word.


lexentry: eng/cognition__Noun__1
written_rep: cognition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: восприя́тие | позна́ние
sense_list:
The process of knowing, of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought and through the senses.


lexentry: eng/cognitive__Adjective__1
written_rep: cognitive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: когнити́вный | познава́тельный | когнитивный
sense_list:
Relating to the part of mental functions that deals with logic, as opposed to affective which deals with emotions.


lexentry: eng/cognitive_behavioral_therapy__Noun__1
written_rep: cognitive behavioral therapy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: когнити́вно-поведе́нческая терапи́я
sense_list:
(psychology) A psychotherapeutic approach that addresses dysfunctional emotions, behaviors, and cognitions, focussing on a client's current state rather than on their past.


lexentry: eng/cognitive_dissonance__Noun__1
written_rep: cognitive dissonance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: когнити́вный диссона́нс
sense_list:
(psychology) A conflict or anxiety resulting from inconsistencies between one's beliefs and one's actions or other beliefs.


lexentry: eng/cognitive_psychology__Noun__1
written_rep: cognitive psychology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: когнити́вная психоло́гия
sense_list:
(psychology) A branch of psychology that examines internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language.


lexentry: eng/cognizance__Noun__1
written_rep: cognizance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: эмбле́ма
sense_list:
An emblem, badge or device, used as a distinguishing mark by the body of retainers of a royal or noble house.


lexentry: eng/cognize__Verb__1
written_rep: cognize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: знать
sense_list:
To know, perceive, or become aware of. | To make into an object of cognition (the process of acquiring knowledge through thought); to cogitate.


lexentry: eng/cognomen__Noun__1
written_rep: cognomen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: фами́лия
sense_list:
(historical) A personal epithet or clan name added to the given name and family name of Ancient Romans.


lexentry: eng/cohabit__Verb__1
written_rep: cohabit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сожи́тельствовать
sense_list:
(intransitive) To live together with someone else, especially in a romantic and sexual relationship but without being married.


lexentry: eng/cohabitation__Noun__1
written_rep: cohabitation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сожи́тельство
sense_list:
An emotional and physical intimate relationship which includes a common living place and which exists without legal or religious sanction.


lexentry: eng/cohere__Verb__1
written_rep: cohere
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: каменеть
sense_list:
(intransitive, figurative) To be consistent as part of a group, or by common purpose. | (transitive, figurative) To be consistent as part of a group, or by common purpose.


lexentry: eng/coherence__Noun__1
written_rep: coherence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: когерентность
sense_list:
A logical arrangement of parts, as in writing. | (physics, of waves) The property of having the same wavelength and phase. | (linguistics, translation studies) A semantic relationship between different parts of the same text.


lexentry: eng/coho__Noun__1
written_rep: coho
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ки́жуч
sense_list:
An anadromus and semelparous salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, found in the coastal regions of the northern Pacific Ocean, used as a symbol by several Native American tribes.


lexentry: eng/cohort__Noun__1
written_rep: cohort
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: кого́рта | когорта
sense_list:
(statistics) A demographic grouping of people, especially those in a defined age group, or having a common characteristic. | (historical, Ancient Rome, military) Any division of a Roman legion, normally of about 500 or 600 men (equalling about six centuries).


lexentry: eng/cohort_study__Noun__1
written_rep: cohort study
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кого́ртное иссле́дование
sense_list:
A type of research project in which participants sharing a common feature (the cohort) are studied over a long period of time.


lexentry: eng/coif__Noun__1
written_rep: coif
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: чепе́ц | ша́почка
sense_list:
(historical) A hood; a close-fitting cap covering much of the head, widespread until the 18th century; after that worn only by small children and country women.


lexentry: eng/coilgun__Noun__1
written_rep: coilgun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пу́шка Гаусса
sense_list:
Any of various devices that use electromagnets to accelerate a magnetic projectile via non contact means


lexentry: eng/coin__Noun__1
written_rep: coin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: моне́та | монета
sense_list:
(money) A piece of currency, usually metallic and in the shape of a disc, but sometimes polygonal, or with a hole in the middle.


lexentry: eng/coincidence__Noun__1
written_rep: coincidence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: совпаде́ние | совпадение
sense_list:
Of objects, the property of being coincident; occurring at the same time or place. | Of events, the appearance of a meaningful connection when there is none.


lexentry: eng/coincident__Adjective__1
written_rep: coincident
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: совпада́ющий
sense_list:
Of two or more objects: being in the same location. | Of two or more events: occurring at the same time; contemporaneous.


lexentry: eng/coir__Noun__1
written_rep: coir
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: койр
sense_list:
The fibre obtained from the husk of a coconut, used chiefly in making rope, matting and as a peat substitute.


lexentry: eng/coke__Noun__1
written_rep: coke
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кокс
sense_list:
(uncountable) Solid residue from roasting coal in a coke oven; used principally as a fuel and in the production of steel and formerly as a domestic fuel.


lexentry: eng/colander__Noun__1
written_rep: colander
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дуршла́г | дуршлаг
sense_list:
A bowl-shaped kitchen utensil with holes in it used for draining food that has been cooking in water, such as pasta.


lexentry: eng/colchicine__Noun__1
written_rep: colchicine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колхици́н
sense_list:
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) A highly toxic alkaloid, chemical formula C22H25NO6, originally extracted from plants of the genus Colchicum and formerly used to treat rheumatic complaints, now used mainly in the treatment of gout.


lexentry: eng/cold__Noun__1
written_rep: cold
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: просту́да | простуда
sense_list:
(countable, pathology) A common, usually harmless, usually viral illness, usually with congestion of the nasal passages and sometimes fever.


lexentry: eng/cold_cream__Noun__1
written_rep: cold cream
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[косметический|космети́ческое]] [[молочко́]]
sense_list:
(pharmacy) An emulsion of water and certain fats, usually including beeswax and various scent agents, designed to smooth skin and remove makeup.


lexentry: eng/cold_hands,_warm_heart__Proverb__1
written_rep: cold hands, warm heart
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: холодные руки, горячее се́рдце
sense_list:
Having cold hands is an indication of warmheartedness; used as a rejoinder if one finds that another's hands are cold.


lexentry: eng/cold_meat__Noun__1
written_rep: cold meat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: нарезка
sense_list:
Any cold cooked meat such as luncheon meat or lunch meat, spam, chopped pork, corned beef, and so on.


lexentry: eng/cold_sore__Noun__1
written_rep: cold sore
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[ге́рпес]] губ | просто́й ге́рпес
sense_list:
(pathology) A small bump (namely a vesicle) on the lips resulting from infection by herpes simplex viruses (mostly HHV1 but also HHV2).


lexentry: eng/cold_sweat__Noun__1
written_rep: cold sweat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: холо́дный пот
sense_list:
Perspiration which feels chilly to the person perspiring, and which indicates debilitating illness, shock, or the experiencing of an intense emotion such as despair, anxiety, or, especially, fear.


lexentry: eng/cold_turkey__Adverb__1
written_rep: cold turkey
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: внеза́пно | ре́зко
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Not gradually; all at once. Refers especially to quitting a habit by force of will rather than by a gradual reduction.


lexentry: eng/cold_war__Noun__1
written_rep: cold war
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: холо́дная война́
sense_list:
A period of hostile relations between rivals where direct open warfare between them is largely undesired and avoided; especially, either the Cold War or Cold War II. [from 1945]


lexentry: eng/colegislate__Verb__1
written_rep: colegislate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: созаконода́тельный
sense_list:
(uncommon) To necessarily bring about a statute together with another legislative body or legislature, to be a colegislator.


lexentry: eng/coleslaw__Noun__1
written_rep: coleslaw
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: капу́стный сала́т | сала́т из капу́сты
sense_list:
A salad of finely shredded raw cabbage and sometimes shredded carrots, dressed with mayonnaise (white slaw) or a vinaigrette (red slaw).


lexentry: eng/coleus__Noun__1
written_rep: coleus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ко́леус
sense_list:
Any of certain plants in the mint family, many used as ornamentals for their colorful, variegated leaves, sometime included in genus Plectranthus (spurflowers), sometimes in their own genus Coleus,


lexentry: eng/colewort__Noun__1
written_rep: colewort
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: капуста
sense_list:
A plant of the genus Brassica; now specifically, a Brassica plant without a head used for food, such as kale.


lexentry: eng/coli__Noun__1
written_rep: coli
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кише́чная па́лочка
sense_list:
(often, attributive, bacteriology) Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms.


lexentry: eng/colic__Noun__1
written_rep: colic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колика | резь | ко́лика
sense_list:
(pathology) Severe pains that grip the abdomen or the disease that causes such pains (due to intestinal or bowel-related problems).


lexentry: eng/collage__Noun__1
written_rep: collage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колла́ж
sense_list:
A picture made by sticking other pictures onto a surface or juxtaposing them digitally in analogous manner. | A composite object or collection (abstract or concrete) created by the assemblage of various media; especially for a work of art such as text, film, etc. | (uncountable) The technique or method of producing a work of art of this kind.


lexentry: eng/collagen__Noun__1
written_rep: collagen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коллаге́н | коллаген
sense_list:
(biochemistry) The main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of the connective tissues of many animals.


lexentry: eng/collar__Noun__1
written_rep: collar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: воротни́к | во́рот | воротник
sense_list:
The part of an upper garment (shirt, jacket, etc.) that fits around the neck and throat, especially if sewn from a separate piece of fabric.


lexentry: eng/collar__Noun__1
written_rep: collar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оше́йник
sense_list:
A band or chain around an animal's neck, used to restrain and/or identify it. | (rail transport) A physical lockout device to prevent operation of a mechanical signal lever.


lexentry: eng/collard_greens__Noun__1
written_rep: collard greens
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: листова́я капу́ста
sense_list:
A form of Brassica oleracea, sometimes called Brassica oleracea var. acephala or Brassica oleracea var. viridis, similar to kale, that is a popular food in the rural southern United States.


lexentry: eng/collared_flycatcher__Noun__1
written_rep: collared flycatcher
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: берёзовка | мухоло́вка-белоше́йка
sense_list:
Ficedula albicollis, an Old World flycatcher breeding in eastern Europe and across Central Asia, overwintering in Africa


lexentry: eng/collared_peccary__Noun__1
written_rep: collared peccary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оше́йниковый пе́кари
sense_list:
A small wild hog (Dicotyles tajacu), native to southern United States through to northern Argentina.


lexentry: eng/collateral__Noun__1
written_rep: collateral
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зало́г | поручи́тельство
sense_list:
(finance) A security or guarantee (usually an asset) pledged for the repayment of a loan if one cannot procure enough funds to repay.


lexentry: eng/collateral__Noun__1
written_rep: collateral
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: да́льний ро́дственник | да́льняя ро́дственница
sense_list:
(marketing) Printed materials or content of electronic media used to enhance sales of products (short form of collateral material).


lexentry: eng/collateral_damage__Noun__1
written_rep: collateral damage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[сопу́тствующий]] [[уще́рб]] | [[сопутствующий|сопу́тствующая]] [[поте́ря]]
sense_list:
(military, euphemistic) Damage to civilian property or civilian casualties that is the unintended result of military operations.


lexentry: eng/colleague__Noun__1
written_rep: colleague
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колле́га | сослужи́вец | сослужи́вица | сотру́дник | сотру́дница
sense_list:
A fellow member of a profession, staff, academic faculty or other organization; an associate, a workmate.


lexentry: eng/collect__Noun__1
written_rep: collect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коллекта | краткая моли́тва
sense_list:
(Christianity) The prayer said before the reading of the epistle lesson, especially one found in a prayerbook, as with the Book of Common Prayer.


lexentry: eng/collect__Verb__1
written_rep: collect
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: коллекциони́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive) To accumulate (a number of similar or related objects), particularly for a hobby or recreation.


lexentry: eng/collectible__Adjective__1
written_rep: collectible
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коллекционерский
sense_list:
Worthy or suitable for collecting on historical/financial grounds, or for meeting a personal aesthetic.


lexentry: eng/collecting__Noun__1
written_rep: collecting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коллекционирование
sense_list:
A hobby including seeking, locating, acquiring, organizing, cataloging, displaying, storing, and maintaining whatever items are of interest to the individual collector.


lexentry: eng/collection__Noun__1
written_rep: collection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: колле́кция | сбо́рник | собра́ние
sense_list:
(set theory, topology, analysis) A set of sets; used because such a thing is in general too large to comply with the formal definition of a set.


lexentry: eng/collection__Noun__1
written_rep: collection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: сбор
sense_list:
A gathering of money for charitable or other purposes, as by passing a contribution box for donations.


lexentry: eng/collection_plate__Noun__1
written_rep: collection plate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: поднос
sense_list:
A plate or other container passed among the worshipers attending a Christian church service, into which donations of money are placed.


lexentry: eng/collective__Adjective__1
written_rep: collective
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: собира́тельный
sense_list:
Tending to collect; forming a collection. | (grammar) Expressing a collection or aggregate of individuals, by a singular form.


lexentry: eng/collective__Noun__1
written_rep: collective
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: колхо́з
sense_list:
(especially, in communist countries) One of more farms managed and owned, through the state, by the community.


lexentry: eng/collective_agreement__Noun__1
written_rep: collective agreement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коллекти́вный до́гово́р
sense_list:
A contract specifying terms and conditions of employment between one or more labor unions and employers' organizations legally binding for employers organized in these and the employees if they are unionized in them or their employment contract incorporates them by referral.


lexentry: eng/collective_numeral__Noun__1
written_rep: collective numeral
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: собира́тельное числи́тельное
sense_list:
(grammar) A numeral that signifies that several persons or things are taken definitely and unitedly together, in the sense of—both, all three, all four, etc.


lexentry: eng/collective_unconscious__Noun__1
written_rep: collective unconscious
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коллекти́вное бессозна́тельное
sense_list:
(psychology) The common experiences, thoughts and opinions of a large group of people taken as a whole.


lexentry: eng/collectively__Adverb__1
written_rep: collectively
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вме́сте | коллекти́вно | совме́стно
sense_list:
In a collective manner; viewed together as a whole; to be treated as a single unit, rather than the items that make up the collection separately.


lexentry: eng/collectivism__Noun__1
written_rep: collectivism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коллективи́зм | коллективизм
sense_list:
An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are owned and controlled by the people collectively


lexentry: eng/college__Noun__1
written_rep: college
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ПТУ | ко́лледж
sense_list:
(UK) An institution for adult education at a basic or intermediate level (teaching those of any age).


lexentry: eng/college__Noun__1
written_rep: college
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: институ́т
sense_list:
(chiefly, UK) A non-specialized, semi-autonomous division of a university, with its own faculty, departments, library, etc.


lexentry: eng/collegial__Adjective__1
written_rep: collegial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коллегиальный
sense_list:
Of, relating to, or ruled by colleagues. | Possessing adherence to the ethos, standards and conduct that govern behavior among colleagues within a given organization or profession.


lexentry: eng/collet__Noun__1
written_rep: collet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цанга
sense_list:
A band, flange, ferrule, or collar, designed to grip and hold a tool or a workpiece under proper control, and usually to release it under control thereafter; such a collet usually is made of a hard, springy material, especially a metal.


lexentry: eng/collider__Noun__1
written_rep: collider
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колла́йдер
sense_list:
(physics) Any of several forms of particle accelerator in which two opposing beams of particles collide.


lexentry: eng/colligate__Verb__1
written_rep: colligate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: объединя́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To formally link or connect together logically; to bring together by colligation; to sum up in a single proposition.


lexentry: eng/collinearity__Noun__1
written_rep: collinearity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коллинеа́рность
sense_list:
(uncountable) The condition of being collinear. | (countable, genetics) The relationship between the linear sequence of codons in DNA and that of amino acids in the protein so coded


lexentry: eng/collocate__Verb__1
written_rep: collocate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сочета́ться
sense_list:
(linguistics, translation studies) (said of certain words) To be often used together, form a collocation; for example strong collocates with tea.


lexentry: eng/collocation__Noun__1
written_rep: collocation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: словосочета́ние
sense_list:
(linguistics, translation studies) A sequence of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance (i.e., the statistically significant placement of particular words in a language), often representing an established name for, or idiomatic way of conveying, a particular semantic concept.


lexentry: eng/collodion__Noun__1
written_rep: collodion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коллодий
sense_list:
A syrupy solution of nitrocellulose (pyroxylin) in alcohol and ether that evaporates on a surface to form a clear elastic film; used in surgical dressings, photographic plates and lacquer paints.


lexentry: eng/colloid__Noun__1
written_rep: colloid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колло́ид
sense_list:
(physical chemistry) A stable system of two phases, one of which is dispersed in the other in the form of very small droplets or particles.


lexentry: eng/colloquium__Noun__1
written_rep: colloquium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: колло́квиум
sense_list:
An academic meeting or seminar usually led by a different lecturer and on a different topic at each meeting.


lexentry: eng/colocynth__Noun__1
written_rep: colocynth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колокви́нт | колоци́нт
sense_list:
A viny plant, Citrullus colocynthis, native to the Mediterranean Basin and Asia. It produces a lemon-sized, yellowish, green-mottled, spongy, and extremely bitter fruit. | The powdered pulp of this fruit, a powerful hepatic stimulant and hydragogue cathartic used as a strong laxative.


lexentry: eng/cologne__Noun__1
written_rep: cologne
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: одеколо́н | парфю́м
sense_list:
Any of a family of fresh, citrus-based fragrances distilled using extracts from citrus, floral, and woody ingredients, said to have been developed in the early 18th century in Cologne, Germany.


lexentry: eng/colon__Noun__2
written_rep: colon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ободо́чная кишка́ | то́лстая кишка́
sense_list:
(anatomy) Part of the large intestine; the final segment of the digestive system, after (distal to) the ileum and before (proximal to) the rectum. (Because the colon is the largest part of the large intestine (constituting most of it), it is often treated as synonymous therewith in broad or casual usage.)


lexentry: eng/colonel__Noun__1
written_rep: colonel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: полко́вник | полковник
sense_list:
A commissioned officer in an armed military organization, typically the highest rank before flag officer ranks (generals). It is generally found in armies, air forces or naval infantry (marines).


lexentry: eng/colonel_general__Noun__1
written_rep: colonel general
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: генера́л-полко́вник
sense_list:
(military rank) A general officer's rank in some nations' militaries, corresponding to the rank of either a lieutenant general or full general in the United States rank system.


lexentry: eng/colonialism__Noun__1
written_rep: colonialism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колониали́зм | колониализм
sense_list:
The policy of a country seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of economic dominance.


lexentry: eng/colonize__Verb__1
written_rep: colonize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колонизи́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive) To settle (a place) with colonists, and hence make (a place) into a colony. | (transitive) To settle (a group of people, a species, or the like) in a place as a colony. | (intransitive) To begin a colony or colonies.


lexentry: eng/colony__Noun__1
written_rep: colony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: коло́ния | поселе́ние
sense_list:
A potential new chapter of a fraternity or sorority awaiting official recognition from their headquarters.


lexentry: eng/colophon__Noun__1
written_rep: colophon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колофо́н | концо́вка
sense_list:
(printing, publishing) In manuscripts (typically before the invention of printing), the note, usually at the end, left by the scribe who copied it, giving information on their exemplar, where and when the copy was made, and sometimes, their own name. | (printing) A printer's or publisher's identifying inscription or logo appearing at the front or end of a book, or the same appearing on the spine or dust jacket.


lexentry: eng/color__Noun__1
written_rep: color
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: насы́щенность
sense_list:
These hues as used in color television or films, color photographs, etc (as opposed to the shades of grey used in black-and-white television).


lexentry: eng/color__Noun__1
written_rep: color
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: цвет | фини́фть
sense_list:
(heraldry) Any of the standard dark tinctures used in a coat of arms, including azure, gules, sable, and vert.


lexentry: eng/color__Noun__1
written_rep: color
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 12
trans_list: цвет | колори́т
sense_list:
(finance, uncountable) A third-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change of gamma with respect to time, or equivalently the rate of change of charm with respect to changes in the underlying asset price.


lexentry: eng/color__Verb__1
written_rep: color
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: раскра́сить | раскра́шивать
sense_list:
(intransitive) To apply colors to the areas within the boundaries of a line drawing using colored markers or crayons.


lexentry: eng/color_blind__Adjective__1
written_rep: color blind
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дальто́ник
sense_list:
(of a, person or animal) Unable to distinguish between two or more primary colors (usually red and green).


lexentry: eng/color_blindness__Noun__1
written_rep: color blindness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дальтони́зм | цветовая слепота
sense_list:
(medicine, ophthalmology) Any of several medical conditions in which the physical ability to see colors is impaired, especially achromatopsia, Daltonism.


lexentry: eng/colored__Adjective__1
written_rep: colored
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: цветно́й
sense_list:
Having a particular color or kind of color. | (US, now, dated, and, usually, offensive) Of skin color other than white; in particular, black. | (South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, sometimes, capitalized) Belonging to a multiracial ethnic group or category, having ancestry from more than one of the racial groups of Southern Africa (black, white, and Asian). (Under apartheid, used as a metadescription for mixed-race people and peoples such as the Cape Coloureds.)


lexentry: eng/colored__Noun__1
written_rep: colored
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: цветна́я | цветно́й
sense_list:
(South Africa) A person having ancestry from more than one of the racial groups of Southern Africa (black, white, and Asian); a colored person.


lexentry: eng/coloring_book__Noun__1
written_rep: coloring book
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кни́жка-раскра́ска | раскра́ска
sense_list:
A book containing line art for readers (usually children) to add color using crayons, colored pencils, markers, paint, or other artistic media.


lexentry: eng/colorism__Noun__1
written_rep: colorism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колори́зм
sense_list:
(American spelling) Prejudice or bias against persons on the basis of their skin color or complexion, often among persons of the same racial identification.


lexentry: eng/colorize__Verb__1
written_rep: colorize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: раскрашивать
sense_list:
(photography, filmology) To convert black and white media to color by digital post production (as is often done in digital photography and in video special effects).


lexentry: eng/colossus__Noun__1
written_rep: colossus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коло́сс | колосс
sense_list:
A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied to certain famous statues in antiquity, as the Colossus of Nero in Rome and the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.


lexentry: eng/colostrum__Noun__1
written_rep: colostrum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: моло́зиво | молозиво
sense_list:
(medicine) A form of milk produced by the mammary glands in late pregnancy and the few days after giving birth.


lexentry: eng/colour_revolution__Noun__1
written_rep: colour revolution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цветная революция
sense_list:
(politics) Any of various related revolutionary movements that developed in several societies in the former Soviet Union and the Balkans during the early 2000s, mostly using nonviolent resistance.


lexentry: eng/colt__Noun__1
written_rep: colt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: линёк
sense_list:
(nautical, historical) A short piece of rope once used by petty officers as an instrument of punishment.


lexentry: eng/coltan__Noun__1
written_rep: coltan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колта́н | колу́мбо-тантали́т | колумби́т-тантали́т
sense_list:
(mineralogy) A metallic ore, (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6, from which the elements niobium and tantalum are extracted.


lexentry: eng/coltsfoot__Noun__1
written_rep: coltsfoot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мать-и-ма́чеха | подбе́л
sense_list:
An herbaceous plant, species Tussilago farfara, that grows in Europe and the Middle East; yellow coltsfoot.


lexentry: eng/columbarium__Noun__1
written_rep: columbarium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: голубя́тня
sense_list:
(historical) A large, sometimes architecturally impressive building for housing a large colony of pigeons or doves, particularly those of ancien regime France.


lexentry: eng/columbarium__Noun__1
written_rep: columbarium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: колумба́рий
sense_list:
A building, a vault or a similar place for the respectful and usually public storage of cinerary urns containing cremated remains.


lexentry: eng/column__Noun__1
written_rep: column
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коло́нна | столб | колонна
sense_list:
(architecture) A solid upright structure designed usually to support a larger structure above it, such as a roof or horizontal beam, but sometimes for decoration.


lexentry: eng/column__Noun__1
written_rep: column
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: коло́нна | графа́ | коло́нка | разде́л | столбе́ц
sense_list:
A unit of width, especially of advertisements, in a periodical, equivalent to the width of a usual column of text.


lexentry: eng/column__Noun__1
written_rep: column
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: коло́нка | разде́л | ру́брика
sense_list:
(by extension) A recurring feature in a periodical, especially an opinion piece, especially by a single author or small rotating group of authors, or on a single theme.


lexentry: eng/column__Noun__1
written_rep: column
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: коло́нка | разде́л | столб
sense_list:
Something having similar vertical form or structure to the things mentioned above, such as a spinal column.


lexentry: eng/column__Noun__1
written_rep: column
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: колонна
sense_list:
(chemistry) An instrument used to separate the different components of a liquid or to purify chemical compounds.


lexentry: eng/colza__Noun__1
written_rep: colza
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рапс
sense_list:
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus), cultivated for its seeds, which yield an oil, valued for illuminating and lubricating purposes.


lexentry: eng/comb__Noun__1
written_rep: comb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: расчёска
sense_list:
The toothed plate at the top and bottom of an escalator that prevents objects getting trapped between the moving stairs and fixed landings.


lexentry: eng/combination__Noun__1
written_rep: combination
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: комбина́ция
sense_list:
A sequence of numbers or letters used to open a combination lock. | A rapid sequence of punches or strikes in boxing or other combat sports.


lexentry: eng/combination_pliers__Noun__1
written_rep: combination pliers
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пассатижи
sense_list:
(US, UK) A type of pliers used by linemen, electricians, and other tradesmen primarily for gripping, twisting, bending and cutting wire, cable and small metalwork components.


lexentry: eng/combinatorics__Noun__1
written_rep: combinatorics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: комбинато́рика
sense_list:
(mathematics) a branch of mathematics that studies (usually finite) collections of objects that satisfy specified criteria


lexentry: eng/combining_form__Noun__1
written_rep: combining form
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сложное слово
sense_list:
(grammar) A type of word part; a bound morpheme; used in combination with a word, a different combining form, or an affix to form a new word.


lexentry: eng/combo_box__Noun__1
written_rep: combo box
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: по́ле со спи́ском
sense_list:
(graphical user interface) A widget that is a combination of a dropdown list or list box and a single-line textbox, allowing the user either to type a value directly into the control or choose from the list of existing options.


lexentry: eng/combustion_chamber__Noun__1
written_rep: combustion chamber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ка́мера сгора́ния
sense_list:
An enclosed space, within a heat engine, in which the fuel is mixed and reacted with air or other oxidizing agent in a controlled manner.


lexentry: eng/come_again__Interjection__1
written_rep: come again
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: как-как?
sense_list:
(idiomatic, informal, by ellipsis) A polite formula used when one has not heard or understood what has been said, or to indicate surprise.


lexentry: eng/come_around__Verb__1
written_rep: come around
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: переду́мать
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To change one's mind, especially to begin to agree or appreciate what one was reluctant to accept at first.


lexentry: eng/come_back__Verb__1
written_rep: come back
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: верну́ться | возврати́ться | возвраща́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To return to a former state, usually a desirable one; to become fashionable once more.


lexentry: eng/come_from__Verb__1
written_rep: come from
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: понимать
sense_list:
(transitive, slightly, informal) To derive one's opinion or argument from; to take as a conceptual starting point.


lexentry: eng/come_into_one's_own__Verb__1
written_rep: come into one's own
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: взросле́ть | заматере́ть | матере́ть | повзросле́ть | реализова́ться | состоя́ться
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To reach a stage of development or maturity where one has achieved strength and confidence, economic security, or respect and social acceptance.


lexentry: eng/come_out_of_the_closet__Verb__1
written_rep: come out of the closet
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[вы́йти]] из [[подполье|подпо́лья]] | [[выходи́ть]] из [[подполье|подпо́лья]]
sense_list:
(intransitive, idiomatic, LGBTQ) To disclose to others about one's sexual orientation, romantic orientation, or gender identity, where previously this had been kept secret.


lexentry: eng/come_to_one's_senses__Verb__1
written_rep: come to one's senses
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: одуматься
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To become reasonable, comprehending, or responsible, especially after having behaved in an unreasonable, confused, uncomprehending, or irresponsible manner.


lexentry: eng/come_up_with__Verb__1
written_rep: come up with
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: придумывать | приходить в голову
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To manage to produce, deliver, or present (something) by inventing, creating, thinking of, or obtaining it.


lexentry: eng/comeback__Noun__1
written_rep: comeback
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возвраще́ние | камбэ́к
sense_list:
A return (e.g. to popularity, success, etc.) after an extended period of obscurity or underperformance.


lexentry: eng/comeback__Noun__1
written_rep: comeback
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: камбэк
sense_list:
(sports) An occurrence of an athlete or sports team in a competition overcoming a substantial disadvantage in points to win or draw.


lexentry: eng/comedo__Noun__1
written_rep: comedo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: угорь
sense_list:
(medicine) A clogged hair follicle in the skin, formed when keratin combines with oil to block the follicle.


lexentry: eng/comedy__Noun__1
written_rep: comedy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коме́дия | комедия
sense_list:
(countable, historical) a choric song of celebration or revel, especially in Ancient Greece | (countable) a light, amusing play with a happy ending | (countable, Medieval Europe) a narrative poem with an agreeable ending (e.g., The Divine Comedy) | (countable, drama) a dramatic work that is light and humorous or satirical in tone


lexentry: eng/comely__Adjective__1
written_rep: comely
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пригожий
sense_list:
Of a person: attractive or pleasing to look at; beautiful, handsome; also, attractive but not particularly beautiful or handsome.


lexentry: eng/comer__Noun__1
written_rep: comer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[подавать|подаю́щий]] [[надежда|наде́жды]]
sense_list:
One in a race who is catching up to others and shows promise of winning. | (figuratively) One who is catching up in some contest and has a likelihood of victory.


lexentry: eng/comfort_woman__Noun__1
written_rep: comfort woman
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: же́нщина для комфо́рта
sense_list:
(idiomatic, historical, euphemistic) A woman forced, or supposedly recruited, into brothels by the Japanese occupation forces before or during World War II.


lexentry: eng/comfort_zone__Noun__1
written_rep: comfort zone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зона комфорта
sense_list:
The range of temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors that people or other organisms require in order to be physiologically unstressed. | (idiomatic, by extension) The range of circumstances in which a person feels relaxed or able to cope.


lexentry: eng/comfortable__Adjective__1
written_rep: comfortable
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: комфорта́бельный | удо́бный | ую́тный
sense_list:
Providing physical comfort and ease; agreeable. [from 18th c.] | In a state of comfort and content. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/comfrey__Noun__1
written_rep: comfrey
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: костоло́мка | око́пник
sense_list:
Any of several species of perennial herbs of the genus Symphytum, often specifically Symphytum officinale.


lexentry: eng/comic__Adjective__1
written_rep: comic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: коми́ческий | коми́чный | смешно́й
sense_list:
Using the techniques of comedy, as a composition, performer etc; amusing, entertaining. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/comic_book__Noun__1
written_rep: comic book
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ко́микс
sense_list:
(comics) A book or magazine that uses sequences of drawings to narrate a story or a series of stories, primarily in a serialized form, usually fiction.


lexentry: eng/comic_relief__Noun__1
written_rep: comic relief
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шуточный сброс
sense_list:
(narratology) The inclusion of a humorous character or scene or witty dialogue in an otherwise serious work, often to relieve tension.


lexentry: eng/comic_strip__Noun__1
written_rep: comic strip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ко́микс
sense_list:
(comics) A series of drawings, in sequence, often but not necessarily depicting something funny or satirical in nature; more specifically, a single work consisting of a short row of such drawings.


lexentry: eng/comitative__Adjective__1
written_rep: comitative
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: комитати́вный
sense_list:
(grammar) Of, or relating to the grammatical case that is used in some languages to indicate accompaniment.


lexentry: eng/comitative_case__Noun__1
written_rep: comitative case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: комитати́в
sense_list:
(grammatical case) Noun case used to denote companionship. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositional phrase in company with, together with or with, as in "with the house." Languages that use the comitative case include Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, Inari Sami, Northern Sami, Skolt Sami, and Quechua. It is also found in many Australian Aboriginal languages, where it is commonly used to form names of places and languages.


lexentry: eng/comitology__Noun__1
written_rep: comitology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: комиссоло́гия | комитоло́гия
sense_list:
(European Union) The system of committees, composed of representatives of the member states, used to oversee European Commission implementing acts made under European Union legislation.


lexentry: eng/comma__Noun__1
written_rep: comma
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: запята́я | запятая
sense_list:
(typography) The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set of parts of a sentence or between elements of a list.


lexentry: eng/command__Noun__1
written_rep: command
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: управле́ние
sense_list:
The right or authority to order, control or dispose of; the right to be obeyed or to compel obedience.


lexentry: eng/command__Noun__1
written_rep: command
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: кома́нда | кома́ндование
sense_list:
The act of commanding; exercise or authority of influence. | (military) A body or troops, or any naval or military force, under the control of a particular officer; by extension, any object or body in someone's charge.


lexentry: eng/command__Noun__1
written_rep: command
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: кома́нда | команда
sense_list:
(computing) A directive to a computer program acting as an interpreter of some kind, in order to perform a specific task.


lexentry: eng/command_line__Noun__1
written_rep: command line
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: кома́ндная строка́
sense_list:
The text prompt presented to the user in a command line interface. | A line of text that is entered at such a prompt.


lexentry: eng/commando__Noun__1
written_rep: commando
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: команда
sense_list:
A small fighting force specially trained for making quick destructive raids against enemy-held areas.


lexentry: eng/commensal__Adjective__1
written_rep: commensal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сотрапеаник
sense_list:
(ecology) Of a form of symbiosis in which one organism derives a benefit while the other is unaffected.


lexentry: eng/commensalism__Noun__1
written_rep: commensalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: комменсализм
sense_list:
(ecology) A sharing of the same environment by two organisms where one species benefits and the other is unaffected. An example is barnacles on whales.


lexentry: eng/comment__Noun__1
written_rep: comment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: коммента́рий | комментарий
sense_list:
(programming) A remark embedded in source code in such a way that it will be ignored by the compiler or interpreter, typically to help people to understand the code.


lexentry: eng/comment__Verb__1
written_rep: comment
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: комменти́ровать | прокомменти́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive) To remark. | (intransitive, with "on", or, "about") To make remarks or notes; to express a view regarding.


lexentry: eng/commentary__Noun__1
written_rep: commentary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аннота́ция | коммента́рий
sense_list:
A series of comments or annotations; especially, a book of explanations or expositions on the whole or a part of some other work.


lexentry: eng/commerce__Noun__1
written_rep: commerce
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: торго́вля | комме́рция | сноше́ние
sense_list:
(business) The exchange or buying and selling of commodities; especially the exchange of merchandise, on a large scale, between different places or communities; extended trade or traffic.


lexentry: eng/commerce__Noun__1
written_rep: commerce
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: сноше́ние
sense_list:
(obsolete) Sexual intercourse. | (card games) An 18th-century French card game in which the cards are subject to exchange, barter, or trade.


lexentry: eng/commercialize__Verb__1
written_rep: commercialize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: коммерциализировать
sense_list:
(transitive) To apply business methodology to something in order to profit (such as introducing salability to a resource that comes from, or rightfully belongs to, the commons).


lexentry: eng/commie__Noun__1
written_rep: commie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коммуня́ка | комуня́ка
sense_list:
(pejorative, slang) A communist; a person with communist sympathies; a supposed communist infiltrator.


lexentry: eng/commie_block__Noun__1
written_rep: commie block
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: панелька
sense_list:
(pejorative) A large apartment complex, especially in former Eastern Bloc countries of Eastern Europe, characterized by concrete and rectangular cuboids, similar to a plattenbau.


lexentry: eng/comminution__Noun__1
written_rep: comminution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: измельче́ние
sense_list:
(often, mining, waste management) The breaking or grinding up of a material to form smaller particles.


lexentry: eng/commissariat__Noun__1
written_rep: commissariat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: комиссариа́т
sense_list:
(historical) A department of the government of the Soviet Union in the early period of its existence.


lexentry: eng/commissioned_officer__Noun__1
written_rep: commissioned officer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: офицер
sense_list:
(military) An officer who derives authority directly from a sovereign power and, as such, holds a commission charging them with the duties and responsibilities of a specific office or position.


lexentry: eng/commissioning__Noun__1
written_rep: commissioning
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ввод в [[де́йствие]] | ввод в эксплуата́цию | пуск
sense_list:
The process of assuring that all systems and components of a major piece of equipment, a process, a building or similar are designed, installed and tested according to the operational requirements of the owner or final client.


lexentry: eng/commit__Noun__1
written_rep: commit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: фикса́ция
sense_list:
(computing, databases) The act of committing (e.g. a database transaction), making it a permanent change; such a change.


lexentry: eng/commit__Verb__1
written_rep: commit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
(transitive) To give in trust; to put into charge or keeping; to entrust; to consign; used with to or formerly unto.

trans_list:
вверя́ть | заключа́ть под стра́жу | обя́зываться | свя́зывать себя́ обяза́тельством | соверша́ть | соверши́ть


lexentry: eng/commit__Verb__1
written_rep: commit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: обя́зываться | свя́зывать себя́ обяза́тельством
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To pledge or bind; to compromise, expose, or endanger by some decisive act or preliminary step. (Traditionally used only reflexively but now also without oneself etc.)


lexentry: eng/commit_suicide__Verb__1
written_rep: commit suicide
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: To kill oneself; to take one's own life. (This entry is a translation hub.)
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
наложи́ть на себя́ ру́ки | свести́ счёты с жи́знью | [[поко́нчить]] жизнь [[самоубийство|самоуби́йством]] | вы́пилиться | поко́нчить с собо́й | роскомнадзо́рнуться


lexentry: eng/commitment__Noun__1
written_rep: commitment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: обяза́тельство | приве́рженность
sense_list:
Being bound emotionally or intellectually to a course of action or to another person or persons. | State of being pledged or engaged.


lexentry: eng/committed__Adjective__1
written_rep: committed
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: верный
sense_list:
Obligated or locked in (often, but not necessarily, by a pledge) to some course of action. | Associated in an exclusive (but not necessarily permanent) sexual relationship.


lexentry: eng/committee__Noun__1
written_rep: committee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: комите́т | коми́ссия | комитет
sense_list:
A body of one or more persons convened for the accomplishment of some specific purpose, typically with formal protocols.


lexentry: eng/commodious__Adjective__1
written_rep: commodious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: годный
sense_list:
(now, rare) Of life or living, endowed with conveniences; comfortable; free from hardship. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/commodity_fetishism__Noun__1
written_rep: commodity fetishism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: това́рный фетиши́зм
sense_list:
(Marxism) The perception of the social relationships involved in production as economic relationships among the money and commodities exchanged in market trade, instead of as relationships among people.


lexentry: eng/common-law_marriage__Noun__1
written_rep: common-law marriage
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: A marriage based on the duration of cohabitation rather than formal ceremony.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
гражда́нский брак | незарегистри́рованный брак | неформа́льный брак | сожи́тельство | факти́ческий брак


lexentry: eng/common_European_adder__Noun__1
written_rep: common European adder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обыкнове́нная гадю́ка
sense_list:
A venomous snake of species Vipera berus, in the family Viperidae, that can be found throughout much of Europe, and as far as East Asia


lexentry: eng/common_barley__Noun__1
written_rep: common barley
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жи́то
sense_list:
A plant of the species Hordeum vulgare, which yields the commercially important cereal grain barley.


lexentry: eng/common_bean__Noun__1
written_rep: common bean
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: фасо́ль
sense_list:
An herbaceous annual plant (Phaseolus vulgaris), grown for its edible bean. | A bean of such a plant, varying in size, shape and especially color.


lexentry: eng/common_blue__Noun__1
written_rep: common blue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: голубя́нка ика́р
sense_list:
A small blue butterfly. of species Polyommatus icarus, family Lycaenidae, of temperate Asia and Europe.


lexentry: eng/common_clothes_moth__Noun__1
written_rep: common clothes moth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: моль
sense_list:
Tineola bisselliella, a winged insect of Tineidae family, the caterpillar of which is a serious pest which destroys woollen materials.


lexentry: eng/common_cold__Noun__1
written_rep: common cold
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ОРВИ | на́сморк | просту́да
sense_list:
(pathology) A very common, mild viral infection of the nose and throat, whose symptoms typically include sneezing, sniffling, a running or blocked nose, a sore throat, coughing and a headache.


lexentry: eng/common_gender__Noun__1
written_rep: common gender
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: о́бщий род
sense_list:
(linguistics) A grammatical gender in some languages, formed by the historical merging of masculine and feminine genders.


lexentry: eng/common_house_martin__Noun__1
written_rep: common house martin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вороно́к | городска́я ла́сточка
sense_list:
A migratory bird of the species Delichon urbicum, breeding in Europe, North Africa and temperate Asia.


lexentry: eng/common_kingsnake__Noun__1
written_rep: common kingsnake
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обыкнове́нная короле́вская змея́
sense_list:
Lampropeltis getula, a harmless colubrid kingsnake endemic to much of warm temperate northern Mexico and the United States.


lexentry: eng/common_knowledge__Noun__1
written_rep: common knowledge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: всем известный факт
sense_list:
That which is known by most people, and thus cannot reasonably be contested. | (logic, game theory) A special kind of knowledge for a group of agents, such that when all the agents in a group G know p, they all know that they know p, they all know that they all know that they know p, and so on ad infinitum.


lexentry: eng/common_land__Noun__1
written_rep: common land
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альменда
sense_list:
(British, Irish) an area of land in the United Kingdom or Ireland that is open to the public at all times and until the 18th century would have been land that was free for anybody to graze their animals on (often shortened to common).


lexentry: eng/common_law__Noun__1
written_rep: common law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: о́бщее пра́во
sense_list:
(legal, Scots law, Roman-Dutch law) Law of general application throughout a country, province, or state as opposed to law having only a special or local application


lexentry: eng/common_name__Noun__1
written_rep: common name
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: (taxonomy) The name by which an organism or group of organisms is known to the general public.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
вернакуля́рное и́мя | наро́дное назва́ние | обихо́дное назва́ние | общеупотреби́тельное назва́ние | просторе́чное назва́ние


lexentry: eng/common_noun__Noun__1
written_rep: common noun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апелляти́в | и́мя нарица́тельное
sense_list:
A noun that denotes any member, or all members, of a class; an ordinary noun such as dog or city; contrasted with a proper noun, which refers to a single named entity, such as Socrates or Tokyo.


lexentry: eng/common_pheasant__Noun__1
written_rep: common pheasant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кавка́зский фаза́н | обыкнове́нный фаза́н
sense_list:
A bird of the species Phasianus colchicus, native principally to temperate parts of Asia, naturalized elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/common_poppy__Noun__1
written_rep: common poppy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мак
sense_list:
The poppy (Papaver rhoeas), widespread in western Eurasia and North Africa, formerly a common agricultural weed, now often used in gardens.


lexentry: eng/common_sandpiper__Noun__1
written_rep: common sandpiper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перевозчик
sense_list:
A small species of wading bird, Actitis hypoleucos, widely distributed across Africa, Eurasia, and Australasia.


lexentry: eng/common_sense__Noun__1
written_rep: common sense
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: здра́вый смысл | у́м-ра́зум
sense_list:
Ordinary sensible understanding; one's basic intelligence which allows for plain understanding and without which good decisions or judgments cannot be made.


lexentry: eng/common_sorrel__Noun__1
written_rep: common sorrel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: щавель кислый
sense_list:
Rumex acetosa, a taxonomic species within the family Polygonaceae, garden sorrel, native in much of Europe.


lexentry: eng/common_swift__Noun__1
written_rep: common swift
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чёрный стриж
sense_list:
Apus apus, a swallow-like bird native to Europe and much of temperate Asia, rarely alighting on the ground.


lexentry: eng/common_yarrow__Noun__1
written_rep: common yarrow
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тысячелистник обыкновенный
sense_list:
Achillea millefolium, a flowering plant widespread in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, formerly and sometimes used to stanch the flow of blood.


lexentry: eng/commonality__Noun__1
written_rep: commonality
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: совмести́мость | унифицированность
sense_list:
(telecommunication) A quality that applies to materiel or systems: (a) possessing like and interchangeable parts or characteristics enabling each to be utilized, or operated and maintained in common; (b) having interchangeable repair parts and/or components; (c) applying to consumable items interchangeably equivalent without adjustment.


lexentry: eng/commons__Noun__2
written_rep: commons
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: альменда
sense_list:
(usually singular in construction) A common#Noun (common land); especially, a central section of (usually an older) town, designated as a shared area. | (figuratively) The mutual good of all; the abstract concept of resources shared by more than one, for example air, water, information.


lexentry: eng/commune__Noun__1
written_rep: commune
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: общи́на
sense_list:
A small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community.


lexentry: eng/commune__Noun__1
written_rep: commune
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: комму́на | общи́на
sense_list:
A local political division in many European countries as well as their former colonies (such as Chile and Vietnam).


lexentry: eng/communicate__Verb__1
written_rep: communicate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: переда́ть | передава́ть | причасти́ться | причаща́ться | сообща́ть | сообщи́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To impart or transmit (information or knowledge) to someone; to make known, to tell. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/communicate__Verb__1
written_rep: communicate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: обща́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To express or convey ideas, either through verbal or nonverbal means; to have intercourse, to exchange information. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/communicate__Verb__1
written_rep: communicate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: причасти́ться | причаща́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive, Christianity) To receive the bread and wine at a celebration of the Eucharist; to take part in Holy Communion. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/communication__Noun__1
written_rep: communication
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: сообще́ние | коммуникация
sense_list:
A message; the essential data transferred in an act of communication. | The body of all data transferred to one or both parties during an act of communication.


lexentry: eng/communication_studies__Noun__1
written_rep: communication studies
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коммуникацио́нные иссле́дования
sense_list:
An academic field that deals with processes of communication, commonly defined as the sharing of symbols over distances in space and time.


lexentry: eng/communism__Noun__1
written_rep: communism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коммунизм | коммуни́зм
sense_list:
Any far-left political ideology or philosophy advocating holding the production of resources collectively, especially by seizing it through revolution.


lexentry: eng/communist__Noun__1
written_rep: communist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коммуни́ст | коммуни́стка | коммунист
sense_list:
(communism) An advocate of a society based on the common ownership of property; a proponent of communism.


lexentry: eng/communitarianism__Noun__1
written_rep: communitarianism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коммунитаризм
sense_list:
(ethics) The group of doctrines that oppose excessive individualism in favour of a more community-based approach [from 1980s]


lexentry: eng/community__Noun__1
written_rep: community
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: соо́бщество | комму́на | комью́нити | о́бщество | о́бщность | общи́на
sense_list:
(countable) A group sharing common characteristics, such as the same language, law, religion, or tradition.


lexentry: eng/community__Noun__1
written_rep: community
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: соо́бщество | коло́ния | комму́на | комью́нити | о́бщество | о́бщность
sense_list:
(countable, ecology) A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other.


lexentry: eng/community_work__Noun__1
written_rep: community work
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обще́ственная рабо́та
sense_list:
(uncountable) A form of social work enabling people to articulate their needs and interests within the context of structural issues of groups or social spaces and thus improve their living conditions with empirically sound methods.


lexentry: eng/commutative__Adjective__1
written_rep: commutative
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коммутативный | перестановочный
sense_list:
(mathematics, of a binary operation) Such that the order in which the operands are taken does not affect their image under the operation.


lexentry: eng/commutative_algebra__Noun__1
written_rep: commutative algebra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коммутати́вная а́лгебра
sense_list:
(mathematics) The branch of algebra concerned with commutative rings and objects related to them (such as ideals and modules). | (algebra) Any algebra (mathematical structure) in which the multiplication operation is commutative.


lexentry: eng/commute__Verb__1
written_rep: commute
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: смягчать наказание
sense_list:
To exchange substantially; to abate but not abolish completely, a penalty, obligation, or payment in return for a great, single thing or an aggregate; to cash in; to lessen


lexentry: eng/commute__Verb__1
written_rep: commute
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: коммутировать
sense_list:
(intransitive, mathematics) Of an operation, to be commutative, i.e. to have the property that changing the order of the operands does not change the result.


lexentry: eng/commute__Verb__2
written_rep: commute
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: е́здить
sense_list:
(intransitive, US, UK, Canada) To regularly travel from one's home to one's workplace or school, or vice versa.


lexentry: eng/commuter_rail__Noun__1
written_rep: commuter rail
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: городская электричка
sense_list:
(rail transport) A rail transport system with trains used to transport commuters between two places, typically their homes and works, normally within a metropolitan area and its surrounding environs, and generally distinguished from other rail transport systems (i.e. subways, metros, tramways) by having less frequent service, lacking free transfers between trains and using heavy rolling stock running on a mainline railway


lexentry: eng/comorbidity__Noun__1
written_rep: comorbidity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коморбидность
sense_list:
(medicine, uncountable) The presence of one or more disorders (or diseases) in addition to a primary disease or disorder.


lexentry: eng/comp__Verb__1
written_rep: comp
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: добавлять
sense_list:
(transitive) To provide (someone) with a complimentary item, such as a ticket; to provide (someone) with something for free.


lexentry: eng/compact_star__Noun__1
written_rep: compact star
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: компактная звезда | компактный объект
sense_list:
(star) A type of celestial body that collectively refers to white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes and exotic stars.


lexentry: eng/company__Noun__1
written_rep: company
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ро́та | со́тня
sense_list:
(military) A unit of approximately sixty to one hundred and twenty soldiers, typically consisting of two or three platoons and forming part of a battalion.


lexentry: eng/company__Noun__1
written_rep: company
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: компа́ния | корпора́ция | о́бщество | предприя́тие | това́рищество | фи́рма
sense_list:
(legal) An entity having legal personality, and thus able to own property and to sue and be sued in its own name; a corporation.


lexentry: eng/comparative__Noun__1
written_rep: comparative
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: компарати́в | сравни́тельная сте́пень
sense_list:
(grammar) The degree of comparison of an adjective or adverb used when comparing two entities in terms of a certain property or a certain way of doing something. In English, the comparative of superiority is formed by adding the suffix -er or the word more (e.g. bigger, more fully); the comparative of equality, by adding the word as (e.g. as big, as fully); the comparative of inferiority, by adding the word less (e.g. less big, less fully).


lexentry: eng/comparative_advantage__Noun__1
written_rep: comparative advantage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сравни́тельное преиму́щество
sense_list:
(economics) The ability to produce a particular good at a lower relative opportunity cost than another producer.


lexentry: eng/comparative_case__Noun__1
written_rep: comparative case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сравни́тельный паде́ж
sense_list:
(grammar) A case used to mark a likeness to something, or that two things have the same quantity of something. It corresponds roughly to the English adverb "like". Languages that use the comparative case include Mari, Nivkh, and Chechen.


lexentry: eng/comparative_linguistics__Noun__1
written_rep: comparative linguistics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сравни́тельная лингви́стика
sense_list:
(linguistics) A branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages in order to establish their historical relatedness.


lexentry: eng/comparative_literature__Noun__1
written_rep: comparative literature
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сравни́тельное литературове́дение
sense_list:
The academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across linguistic, cultural and national boundaries.


lexentry: eng/comparative_method__Noun__1
written_rep: comparative method
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сравнительно-исторический метод | сравнительный метод
sense_list:
(linguistics) A technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with a common ancestor.


lexentry: eng/compare__Verb__1
written_rep: compare
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сра́внивать | сравни́ть | сравнить
sense_list:
(transitive) To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things ["to compare X with Y"]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it similar to Y or different from Y.


lexentry: eng/comparison__Noun__1
written_rep: comparison
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: сравне́ние | сравнение
sense_list:
An evaluation of the similarities and differences of one or more things relative to some other or each other.


lexentry: eng/comparison__Noun__1
written_rep: comparison
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: [[степень|сте́пени]] [[сравнение|сравне́ния]]
sense_list:
(grammar) A feature in the morphology or syntax of some languages whereby adjectives and adverbs are inflected to indicate the relative degree of the property they define exhibited by the word or phrase they modify or describe.


lexentry: eng/compass__Noun__1
written_rep: compass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: буссо́ль | ко́мпас | компа́с | компас
sense_list:
A magnetic or electronic device used to determine the cardinal directions (usually magnetic or true north).


lexentry: eng/compass_point__Noun__1
written_rep: compass point
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сторона́ све́та | страна́ све́та
sense_list:
Any of the horizontal directions indicated on a compass. There may be 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or even 128 compass points on a compass, depending on its size and accuracy.


lexentry: eng/compass_rose__Noun__1
written_rep: compass rose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ро́за ветро́в
sense_list:
(navigation) A graduated circle, usually marked in degrees, indicating directions and printed or inscribed on an appropriate medium, often a map.


lexentry: eng/compassionate__Verb__1
written_rep: compassionate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сострада́ть | сочу́вствовать
sense_list:
(transitive, archaic) To feel compassion (for someone or with regard to something); to regard (someone or something) with compassion.


lexentry: eng/compassionate_leave__Noun__1
written_rep: compassionate leave
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: о́тпуск по семе́йным обстоя́тельствам
sense_list:
A period of absence from work taken by an employee due to a personal matter, either illness or death.


lexentry: eng/compatibility__Noun__1
written_rep: compatibility
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: совмести́мость | совместимость
sense_list:
(telecommunication) the capability of two or more items or components of equipment or material to exist or function in the same system or environment without mutual interference.


lexentry: eng/compellation__Noun__1
written_rep: compellation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: имя
sense_list:
(archaic, rare) A name or title by which someone is addressed or identified; an appellation, a designation.


lexentry: eng/compensate__Verb__1
written_rep: compensate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: возмести́ть | возмеща́ть | компенси́ровать | сбалансировать | скомпенси́ровать | уравновешивать
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To make up for; to do something in place of something else; to correct, satisfy; to reach an agreement such that the scales are literally or (metaphorically) balanced; to equalize or make even.


lexentry: eng/compensation__Noun__1
written_rep: compensation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ура́внивание
sense_list:
(finance) The extinction of debts of which two persons are reciprocally debtors by the credits of which they are reciprocally creditors; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount.


lexentry: eng/compensatory_lengthening__Noun__1
written_rep: compensatory lengthening
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: замести́тельное удлине́ние | компенса́торное удлине́ние
sense_list:
(phonology, uncountable) The lengthening of a vowel sound which occurs when a following consonant is lost, regarded as an extreme form of fusion; (countable) an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/compete__Verb__1
written_rep: compete
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: конкури́ровать | сопе́рничать | соревнова́ться | состяза́ться
sense_list:
To be in battle or in a rivalry with another for the same thing, position, or reward; to contend | To take part in a contest, game or similar event


lexentry: eng/competence__Noun__1
written_rep: competence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: спосо́бность | компете́нтность | компете́нция | правомо́чие | уме́ние
sense_list:
(countable) The quality or state of being able or suitable for a particular task; the quality or state of being competent for a particular task or skill.


lexentry: eng/compilation__Noun__1
written_rep: compilation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: собра́ние
sense_list:
(countable) That which is compiled; especially, a book or document composed of materials gathering from other books or documents.


lexentry: eng/complainant__Noun__1
written_rep: complainant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: исте́ц
sense_list:
One who makes complaint, one who complains. | (legal) The party that brings a civil lawsuit against another; the plaintiff.


lexentry: eng/complaint__Noun__1
written_rep: complaint
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: жа́лоба | нарека́ние | недово́льство
sense_list:
(legal) In a civil action, the first pleading of the plaintiff setting out the facts on which the claim is based.


lexentry: eng/complaint__Noun__1
written_rep: complaint
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: иск
sense_list:
(legal) In criminal law, the preliminary charge or accusation made by one person against another to the appropriate court or officer, usually a magistrate.


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
written_rep: complement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: [[дополне́ние]] до [[прямой|прямо́го]] [[угол|угла́]]
sense_list:
(astronomy, geometry) An angle which, together with a given angle, makes a right angle. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
written_rep: complement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: доба́вка | дополне́ние
sense_list:
Something which completes, something which combines with something else to make up a complete whole; loosely, something perceived to be a harmonious or desirable partner or addition. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
written_rep: complement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: дополне́ние
sense_list:
(grammar, linguistics) A word or group of words that completes a grammatical construction in the predicate and that describes or is identified with the subject or object. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
written_rep: complement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: [[дополни́тельный]] цвет
sense_list:
(optics) The color which, when mixed with the given color, gives black (for mixing pigments) or white (for mixing light). [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
written_rep: complement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: [[ра́зность]] [[множество|мно́жеств]] | дополне́ние
sense_list:
(set theory) Given two sets, the set containing one set's elements that are not members of the other set (whether a relative complement or an absolute complement). [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
written_rep: complement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: комплеме́нт
sense_list:
(immunology) One of several blood proteins that work with antibodies during an immune response. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
written_rep: complement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 17
trans_list: [[после́довательность]] [[комплементарный|комплемента́рных]] [[основание|основа́ний]]
sense_list:
(genetics) A nucleotide sequence in which each base is replaced by the complementary base of the given sequence: adenine (A) by thymine (T) or uracil (U), cytosine (C) by guanine (G), and vice versa.


lexentry: eng/complementary_colour__Noun__1
written_rep: complementary colour
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дополнительный цвет
sense_list:
(British spelling, colour science) Either of two colours which, when mixed, produce a white or grey. | (arts) A colour which is regarded as the opposite of another, so that the two colours together form a pleasing contrast.


lexentry: eng/complementary_distribution__Noun__1
written_rep: complementary distribution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дополни́тельная дистрибу́ция | дополни́тельное распределе́ние
sense_list:
(phonetics) The distribution of phones in their respective phonetic environments such that one never appears in the same phonetic context as the other.


lexentry: eng/complex__Adjective__1
written_rep: complex
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ко́мплексный
sense_list:
(mathematics, of a number) Having the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is (by definition) the imaginary square root of −1. | (mathematics, analysis, of a function) Whose range is a subset of the complex numbers. | (mathematics, algebra) Whose coefficients are complex numbers; defined over the field of complex numbers.


lexentry: eng/complex__Noun__1
written_rep: complex
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ко́мплекс | комплекс
sense_list:
A collection of buildings with a common purpose, such as a university or military base. | An assemblage of related things; a collection. | (informal, by extension) A vehement, often excessive psychological dislike or fear of a particular thing. | (chemistry) A structure consisting of a central atom or molecule weakly connected to surrounding atoms or molecules, as for example coordination complexes in inorganic chemistry and protein complexes in biochemistry.


lexentry: eng/complex_geometry__Noun__1
written_rep: complex geometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: комплексная геометрия
sense_list:
(mathematics) The study of complex manifolds, complex algebraic varieties, and functions of several complex variables.


lexentry: eng/complex_number__Noun__1
written_rep: complex number
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ко́мплексное число́ | компле́ксное число́
sense_list:
(complex analysis) A number of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i denotes the imaginary unit.


lexentry: eng/complex_sentence__Noun__1
written_rep: complex sentence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сло́жное предложе́ние
sense_list:
(grammar) A sentence that contains an independent clause as well as one or more dependent clauses, such as a relative clause, an adverbial clause, or a noun clause.


lexentry: eng/complexity__Noun__1
written_rep: complexity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сло́жность | сложность
sense_list:
(uncountable) The state of being complex; intricacy; entanglement. | (countable) That which is and renders complex; intricacy; complication.


lexentry: eng/compliance__Noun__1
written_rep: compliance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: компла́енс
sense_list:
(uncountable, business) The department of a business that ensures all government regulations are complied with.


lexentry: eng/complication__Noun__1
written_rep: complication
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: осложне́ние
sense_list:
(medicine) A disease or diseases, or adventitious circumstances or conditions, coexistent with and modifying a primary disease, but not necessarily connected with it.


lexentry: eng/complicity__Noun__1
written_rep: complicity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: соуча́стие | соучастие
sense_list:
The state of being complicit; involvement as a partner or accomplice, especially in a crime or other wrongdoing.


lexentry: eng/component__Noun__1
written_rep: component
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: компоне́нт | составна́я часть
sense_list:
A smaller, self-contained part of a larger entity. Often refers to a manufactured object that is part of a larger device.


lexentry: eng/compose__Verb__1
written_rep: compose
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: написа́ть | писа́ть | сочини́ть | сочиня́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To construct by mental labor; to think up; particularly, to produce or create a literary or musical work.


lexentry: eng/composite__Adjective__1
written_rep: composite
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: сложноцве́тный
sense_list:
(botany) Belonging to the Asteraceae family (formerly known as Compositae), bearing involucrate heads of many small florets.


lexentry: eng/compound__Noun__2
written_rep: compound
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: соедине́ние | соединение
sense_list:
(chemistry) A substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight.


lexentry: eng/compound_interest__Noun__1
written_rep: compound interest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сло́жные проце́нты
sense_list:
(banking, finance) Interest, as on a loan or a bank account, that is calculated on the total on the principal plus accumulated unpaid interest.


lexentry: eng/compound_sentence__Noun__1
written_rep: compound sentence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сложносочинённое предложе́ние
sense_list:
(grammar) A sentence that has two or more independent clauses, joined by a conjunction (such as 'but', 'and') and/or punctuation (such as ',').


lexentry: eng/comprador_bourgeoisie__Noun__1
written_rep: comprador bourgeoisie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: компрадо́рская буржуази́я
sense_list:
(Marxism) A section of an indigenous middle class allied with foreign investors, multinational corporations, bankers, and military interests.


lexentry: eng/comprehensive_school__Noun__1
written_rep: comprehensive school
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: единая школа
sense_list:
(British) a normal secondary school, accepting pupils of all abilities; replaced the secondary modern schools and grammar schools


lexentry: eng/compress__Noun__1
written_rep: compress
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: компре́сс
sense_list:
(medicine) A multiply folded piece of cloth, a pouch of ice, etc., used to apply to a patient's skin, cover the dressing of wounds, and placed with the aid of a bandage to apply pressure on an injury.


lexentry: eng/compress__Verb__1
written_rep: compress
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сжать | сжима́ть | сда́вливать | сдави́ть | сжа́ться | сжима́ться
sense_list:
(transitive) To make smaller; to press or squeeze together, or to make something occupy a smaller space or volume.


lexentry: eng/compressed_air__Noun__1
written_rep: compressed air
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сжа́тый во́здух
sense_list:
Air which has been reduced in volume and increased in pressure for use in industrial processes or for cleaning.


lexentry: eng/compression__Noun__1
written_rep: compression
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сжа́тие
sense_list:
An increase in density; the act of compressing, or the state of being compressed; compaction. | (automotive) The cycle of an internal combustion engine during which the fuel and air mixture is compressed. | (computing) The process by which data is compressed.


lexentry: eng/comprise__Verb__1
written_rep: comprise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: включа́ть | содержа́ть
sense_list:
(patent law) To include, contain, or be made up of, defining the minimum elements, whether essential or inessential to define an invention.


lexentry: eng/compromise__Verb__1
written_rep: compromise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: скомпромети́ровать
sense_list:
To pledge by some act or declaration; to endanger the life, reputation, etc., of, by some act which can not be recalled; to expose to suspicion.


lexentry: eng/compulsion__Noun__1
written_rep: compulsion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ([[иррациональный|иррациона́льное]]) [[жела́ние]] | ([[необъясни́мый]]) [[позы́в]] | поры́в
sense_list:
An irrational need or irresistible urge to perform some action, often despite negative consequences.


lexentry: eng/compulsion__Noun__1
written_rep: compulsion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: принужде́ние
sense_list:
The use of authority, influence, or other power to force (compel) a person or persons to act. | The lawful use of violence (i.e. by the administration).


lexentry: eng/compulsory_acquisition__Noun__1
written_rep: compulsory acquisition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: экспроприация
sense_list:
(legal, Australia, New Zealand) The power of a state to expropriate private land within its jurisdiction for public use.


lexentry: eng/compulsory_education__Noun__1
written_rep: compulsory education
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обяза́тельное образова́ние
sense_list:
(legal, education) A period of time in a child's life during which the child must receive schooling as required by law.


lexentry: eng/compulsory_purchase__Noun__1
written_rep: compulsory purchase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: экспроприация
sense_list:
(legal, UK, Ireland) The power of a state to expropriate private land within its jurisdiction for public use.


lexentry: eng/computational_linguistics__Noun__1
written_rep: computational linguistics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вычислительная лингви́стика | компьютерная лингви́стика
sense_list:
(linguistics, computer science) An interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical and/or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective. This modeling is not limited to any particular field of linguistics.


lexentry: eng/computed_tomography__Noun__1
written_rep: computed tomography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: компью́терная томогра́фия
sense_list:
A form of radiography which uses computer software to create images, or slices, at various planes of depth from images taken around a body or volume of interest. Sometimes called “computerized tomography”. (The radiation used is X-rays unless otherwise specified.)


lexentry: eng/computer__Noun__1
written_rep: computer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вычисли́тель | вычисли́тельница | расчётчик | расчётчица | счётчик | счётчица
sense_list:
(now, rare, chiefly, historical) A person employed to perform computations; one who computes. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/computer__Noun__1
written_rep: computer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: компью́тер | компьютер | ЭВМ
sense_list:
A programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/computer_chip__Noun__1
written_rep: computer chip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: компью́терный чип
sense_list:
(electronics) An integrated circuit, typically installed in a personal computer or other electronic devices.


lexentry: eng/computer_game__Noun__1
written_rep: computer game
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: компью́терная игра́
sense_list:
An electronic game, especially a game played using a general-purpose computer (as opposed to a game console).


lexentry: eng/computer_literacy__Noun__1
written_rep: computer literacy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: компью́терная гра́мотность
sense_list:
(computing) The ability to operate a personal computer, including its associated hardware and software (but not necessarily to understand the underlying electronics or a programming language). [from late 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/computer_says_no__Phrase__1
written_rep: computer says no
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: компьютер говорит нет
sense_list:
(humorous) Alluding to an attitude where decisions are based solely on the output of a computer system, apparently without using common sense and without any desire to help, especially in customer or public service.


lexentry: eng/computer_science__Noun__1
written_rep: computer science
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: информа́тика
sense_list:
The study of computers and their architecture, languages, and applications, in all aspects, as well as the mathematical structures that relate to computers and computation.


lexentry: eng/computer_virus__Noun__1
written_rep: computer virus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: компьютерный вирус
sense_list:
(computing) A program which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks and USB drives, often causing damage to systems and data.


lexentry: eng/comrade__Noun__1
written_rep: comrade
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: камара́д | това́рищ | товарищ
sense_list:
(communism, by extension) A fellow socialist, communist or other similarly politically aligned person. [from 1884]


lexentry: eng/comrade__Noun__1
written_rep: comrade
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: това́рищ | товарищ
sense_list:
(communism) A non-hierarchical title, functionally similar to "Mr.", "Mrs.", "Miss", "Ms." etc, in a communist, socialist, or rarely in an Islamist state. [from 1884]


lexentry: eng/con__Noun__3
written_rep: con
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жу́льничество | моше́нничество | надува́тельство | плутовство́ | разводка
sense_list:
(informal) A fraud; something carried out with the intention of deceiving, usually for personal, often illegal, gain.


lexentry: eng/con_artist__Noun__1
written_rep: con artist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: афери́ст | афери́стка | жу́лик | моше́нник | моше́нница
sense_list:
A person who uses confidence tricks to defraud or swindle people after first gaining their trust with a series of confidence games; a scam operator, confidence trickster.


lexentry: eng/concatenation__Noun__1
written_rep: concatenation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: конкатена́ция | сцепле́ние | цепь
sense_list:
(countable) A series of links united; a series or order of things depending on each other, as if linked together; a chain, a succession.


lexentry: eng/concede__Verb__1
written_rep: concede
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: призна́ть | признава́ть
sense_list:
To grant, as a right or privilege; to make concession of. | To admit or agree to be true; to acknowledge


lexentry: eng/conceit__Noun__1
written_rep: conceit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: изощрённая мета́фора и́ли сравне́ние
sense_list:
(countable, rhetoric, literature) An ingenious expression or metaphorical idea, especially in extended form or used as a literary or rhetorical device. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/conceited__Adjective__1
written_rep: conceited
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: самодово́льный | тщесла́вный
sense_list:
Having an excessively favourable opinion of one's abilities, appearance, etc.; egotistical and vain.


lexentry: eng/concentrate__Verb__1
written_rep: concentrate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: концентри́ровать | сконцентри́ровать | сосредото́чивать | сосредото́чить
sense_list:
(ergative) To bring to, or direct toward, a common center; to unite more closely; to gather into one body, mass, or force. | To approach or meet in a common center; to consolidate.


lexentry: eng/concentrate__Verb__1
written_rep: concentrate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: концентри́ровать | сконцентри́ровать
sense_list:
To increase the strength and diminish the bulk of, as of a liquid or an ore; to intensify, by getting rid of useless material; to condense.


lexentry: eng/concentration__Noun__1
written_rep: concentration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: концентра́ция | концентрация
sense_list:
The act, process or ability of concentrating; the process of becoming concentrated, or the state of being concentrated. | (physical chemistry) The amount of solute in a solution measured in suitable units (e.g., parts per million (ppm)) | The proportion of a substance in a whole.


lexentry: eng/concentration__Noun__1
written_rep: concentration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обогаще́ние | сгуще́ние
sense_list:
The act or process of removing the dress of ore and of reducing the valuable part to smaller compass, as by currents of air or water.


lexentry: eng/concentration_camp__Noun__1
written_rep: concentration camp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: концентрацио́нный ла́герь | концла́герь
sense_list:
A camp where large numbers of people, especially political prisoners, prisoners of war, refugees etc., are detained for the purpose of confining them in one place, typically with inadequate or inhumane facilities. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/concept__Noun__1
written_rep: concept
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: конце́пция | поня́тие | представле́ние
sense_list:
Understanding retained in the mind, from experience, reasoning and imagination; a generalization (generic, basic form), or abstraction (mental impression), of a particular set of instances or occurrences (specific, though different, recorded manifestations of the concept).


lexentry: eng/conception__Noun__1
written_rep: conception
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: зача́тие | иде́я | конце́пция | поня́тие | представле́ние
sense_list:
The power or faculty of apprehending of forming an idea in the mind; the power of recalling a past sensation or perception; the ability to form mental abstractions.


lexentry: eng/conceptual_art__Noun__1
written_rep: conceptual art
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: концептуа́льное иску́сство
sense_list:
A genre of art in which the transmission of ideas is more important than the creation of an art object


lexentry: eng/concern__Verb__1
written_rep: concern
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: каса́ться | беспоко́ить | волнова́ть | занима́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To relate or belong to; to have reference to or connection with; to affect the interest of; to be of importance to.


lexentry: eng/concert__Noun__1
written_rep: concert
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: договорённость | согла́сие | соглаше́ние
sense_list:
(uncountable) An agreement in a design or plan; a union formed by mutual communication of opinions and views; an accordance in a scheme; harmony; a simultaneous action.


lexentry: eng/concert__Noun__1
written_rep: concert
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: конце́рт | концерт
sense_list:
(countable) A musical performance, usually public, in which several performers or instruments take part.


