# translation

lexentry: eng/Zulu__Noun__1
written_rep: Zulu
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зулу́с
sense_list:
A member of an African ethnic group living mainly in the KwaZulu-Natal Province in eastern South Africa.


lexentry: eng/Zvanets__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Zvanets
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: Званец
sense_list:
A village in Dubrovsky rural settlement, Babayevsky Raion, Vologda Oblast, Northwestern Federal District, Russia


lexentry: eng/Zweihänder__Noun__1
written_rep: Zweihänder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цвайхендер
sense_list:
(historical) A two-handed sword primarily of Renaissance Germany, up to a fathom in length, invented in the 14th century.


lexentry: eng/Zwingli__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Zwingli
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Цви́нгли
sense_list:
A surname from German [in turn from Alemannic German], notably borne by Huldrych Zwingli, a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland.


lexentry: eng/a.m.__Adverb__1
written_rep: a.m.
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: до полу́дня | но́чи | утра́
sense_list:
(used after the hour) In the 12-hour period from midnight to noon (the first half of the day) when using the 12-hour clock.


lexentry: eng/a_bad_workman_always_blames_his_tools__Proverb__1
written_rep: a bad workman always blames his tools
part_of_speech: proverb
sense_list: It is not the tools we use that make us good, but rather how we employ them.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
ма́стер глуп — нож туп | не́ча на зе́ркало пеня́ть, ко́ли ро́жа крива́ | плохо́му танцо́ру и я́йца меша́ют


lexentry: eng/a_burnt_child_dreads_the_fire__Proverb__1
written_rep: a burnt child dreads the fire
part_of_speech: proverb
sense_list: (dated) A person harmed by something becomes more cautious about it.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
обжёгшись на молоке́, ду́ешь и на во́ду | обжёгшись на молоке́, ду́ют на во́ду | пуганая ворона куста боится


lexentry: eng/a_cappella__Adverb__1
written_rep: a cappella
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а капе́лла | а капелла
sense_list:
(music) In a manner of a choir with no instrumental accompaniment; literally, "in the style of the (Sistine) Chapel (in Rome)", such as a musical Mass done a cappella. [from late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/a_chain_is_only_as_strong_as_its_weakest_link__Proverb__1
written_rep: a chain is only as strong as its weakest link
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: где то́нко, там и рвётся
sense_list:
An organization is only as strong or powerful as its weakest person. A group of associates is only as strong as its laziest member.


lexentry: eng/a_few__Determiner__1
written_rep: a few
part_of_speech: determiner
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: не́сколько | немно́го
sense_list:
A small number of (a set of countable items); more than one but not very many; especially, more than two but not very many (explained in usage note at several).


lexentry: eng/a_hit_dog_will_holler__Proverb__1
written_rep: a hit dog will holler
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: на воре шапка горит
sense_list:
(US) An offended or defensive response to a statement suggests that the statement applies to the person complaining.


lexentry: eng/a_leopard_cannot_change_its_spots__Proverb__1
written_rep: a leopard cannot change its spots
part_of_speech: proverb
sense_list: One cannot change one's own nature.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
волк ка́ждый год линя́ет, а всё сер быва́ет | горба́того моги́ла испра́вит | зарека́лась лиса́ кур не ворова́ть | ско́лько во́лка ни корми́, он всё в лес смо́трит | чёрного кобеля́ не отмо́ешь добела́


lexentry: eng/a_little_bird_told_me__Phrase__1
written_rep: a little bird told me
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мне́ пти́чка нашепта́ла | слу́хом земля́ по́лнится | соро́ка на хвосте́ принесла́
sense_list:
(idiomatic, chiefly, humorous) I received the information from a source which I am not prepared to disclose.


lexentry: eng/a_man_is_known_by_the_company_he_keeps__Proverb__1
written_rep: a man is known by the company he keeps
part_of_speech: proverb
sense_list: People are similar in character to their friends.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
рыба́к рыбака́ ви́дит издалека́ | с кем поведёшься, от того́ и наберёшься | скажи́ мне, кто твой друг, и я скажу́ тебе́, кто ты


lexentry: eng/a_nod_is_as_good_as_a_wink__Proverb__1
written_rep: a nod is as good as a wink
part_of_speech: proverb
sense_list: The hint, suggestion etc. can be understood without further explanation.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
одному́ гла́зом мигни́, а друго́го дуби́ной толкни́ | у́мному и сло́ва дово́льно | у́мному сви́стни, а он уже́ смы́слит | у́мному — намёк, глу́пому — толчо́к


lexentry: eng/a_stitch_in_time_saves_nine__Proverb__1
written_rep: a stitch in time saves nine
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оди́н стежо́к, сде́ланный во́время, сто́ит девяти́
sense_list:
A little effort expended sooner to fix a small problem prevents it from becoming a larger problem requiring more effort to fix later.


lexentry: eng/a_stopped_clock_is_right_twice_a_day__Proverb__1
written_rep: a stopped clock is right twice a day
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: и слепая курица найдёт порой зёрнышко
sense_list:
A normally unreliable person or instrument can occasionally provide correct information, even if only by accident. | Someone who repeats the same thing constantly will at some point be correct, if only briefly.


lexentry: eng/a_watched_pot_never_boils__Proverb__1
written_rep: a watched pot never boils
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: когда́ ждёшь, вре́мя тя́нется
sense_list:
A process appears to proceed more slowly if one waits for it rather than engaging in other activities.


lexentry: eng/a_woman_without_a_man_is_like_a_fish_without_a_bicycle__Phrase__1
written_rep: a woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
(figuratively, humorous, simile) A woman is capable of living a complete and independent life without a man. [from 1970]

trans_list:
женщина без мужчины — всё равно что рыба без велосипеда | женщина без мужчины — всё равно что рыбка без зонтика


lexentry: eng/aardvark__Noun__1
written_rep: aardvark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: трубкозу́б | трубкозуб
sense_list:
The nocturnal, insectivorous, burrowing, mammal Orycteropus afer, of the order Tubulidentata, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/aardwolf__Noun__1
written_rep: aardwolf
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: земляно́й волк
sense_list:
A nocturnal, insectivorous mammal, Proteles cristatus, of southern and eastern Africa, related to and resembling the hyena. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/ab_initio__Adverb__1
written_rep: ab initio
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возникновение | начало
sense_list:
(legal) From the time when a law, legal right or decree, contract, ownership interest, partnership (etc.) comes into force. [Early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/ab_wheel__Noun__1
written_rep: ab wheel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гимнасти́ческий ро́лик | гимнасти́ческое колесо́ | колесо́ для пре́сса | ро́лик для пресса
sense_list:
A piece of exercise equipment designed to be gripped in one or both hands and torqued in the course of sagittally abducting the pronated shoulders with the core resisting flexion and extension.


lexentry: eng/aba__Noun__1
written_rep: aba
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: абайя
sense_list:
A loose-fitting sleeveless garment, made from aba or silk, worn by Arabs. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abaca__Noun__1
written_rep: abaca
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: абака́ | тексти́льный бана́н
sense_list:
(uncountable) The fiber of this plant, used in rope, fibers, and cloth. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abacist__Noun__1
written_rep: abacist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абакиста
sense_list:
One who uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/aback__Adverb__1
written_rep: aback
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: [[про́тив]] [[ве́тра]] | позади́ | сза́ди
sense_list:
(nautical) Backward against the mast; said of the sails when pressed by the wind from the "wrong" (forward) side, or of a ship when its sails are set that way. [First attested in the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abacus__Noun__1
written_rep: abacus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аба́к | абак
sense_list:
(historical, obsolete) A table or tray scattered with sand which was used for calculating or drawing. [attested from c. 1387]


lexentry: eng/abacus__Noun__1
written_rep: abacus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: счёты | аба́к | абак
sense_list:
A device used for performing arithmetical calculations; (rare) a table on which loose counters are placed, or (more commonly) an instrument with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units, the next tens, etc. [from late 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abacus__Noun__1
written_rep: abacus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: аба́к | аба́ка | абак
sense_list:
(architecture) The uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave, in some cases a flat oblong or square slab, in others more decorated. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abaft__Preposition__1
written_rep: abaft
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: на [[корма|корме́]] | позади́ | с [[корма|кормы́]] | сза́ди
sense_list:
(nautical) Behind; toward the stern relative to some other object or position; aft of. [First attested around the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abalone__Noun__1
written_rep: abalone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абало́н | галио́тис | морско́е у́шко
sense_list:
(North America, Australia) An edible univalve mollusc of the genus Haliotis, having a shell lined with mother-of-pearl. [from mid-19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Noun__1
written_rep: abandon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бесшаба́шность | импульси́вность | необу́зданность | несде́ржанность
sense_list:
A yielding to natural impulses or inhibitions; freedom from artificial constraint, with loss of appreciation of consequences. [Early 19th century.] (Now especially in the phrase with abandon.)


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
written_rep: abandon
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: броса́ть | оставля́ть | отка́зываться | покида́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To give up or relinquish control of, to surrender or to give oneself over, or to yield to one's emotions. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
written_rep: abandon
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: бро́сить | броса́ть | оста́вить | оставля́ть | поки́нуть | покида́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to; to turn away from; to permit to lapse; to renounce; to discontinue. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abandoned__Adjective__1
written_rep: abandoned
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: па́дший | распу́тный
sense_list:
Having given oneself up to vice; immoral; extremely wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked. [First attested from 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/abandoned__Adjective__1
written_rep: abandoned
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: забро́шенный | поки́нутый
sense_list:
No longer maintained by its former owners, residents, or caretakers; forsaken, deserted. [Late 15th century]


lexentry: eng/abandonment__Noun__1
written_rep: abandonment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оставле́ние | отка́з
sense_list:
The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment. [Late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abandonment__Noun__1
written_rep: abandonment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: оставле́ние | покида́ние
sense_list:
The voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is bound by a special relation, as a wife, husband or child; desertion.


lexentry: eng/abandonment__Noun__1
written_rep: abandonment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: абандо́н | отка́з
sense_list:
(legal) The relinquishment of a right, claim, or privilege; relinquishment of right to secure a patent by an inventor; relinquishment of copyright by an author. [Early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abase__Verb__1
written_rep: abase
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: уни́зить | унижа́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate. [from c. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/abash__Verb__1
written_rep: abash
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
(transitive) To make ashamed; to embarrass; to destroy the self-possession of, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to disconcert; to discomfit. [First attested from around (1150 to 1350).]

trans_list:
[[приводи́ть]] в [[замеша́тельство]] | [[прийти́]] в [[замеша́тельство]] | конфу́зить | сконфу́зиться | смути́ться | смуща́ть


lexentry: eng/abatement__Noun__1
written_rep: abatement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сниже́ние | уменьше́ние
sense_list:
The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; a moderation; removal or putting an end to; the suppression. [First attested from 1340 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abatis__Noun__1
written_rep: abatis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[засечный|засе́чная]] [[черта́]] | засе́ка
sense_list:
A means of defense formed by felled trees, or sometimes by bent trees, the ends of whose branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy, and more recently fortified with barbed wire. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abbacy__Noun__1
written_rep: abbacy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абба́тство
sense_list:
The dignity, estate, term, or jurisdiction of an abbot or abbess. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abbess__Noun__1
written_rep: abbess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[настоя́тельница]] ([[монастыря́]]) | аббати́са | игу́менья | аббатиса
sense_list:
A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. [First attested around 1150 to 1350]


lexentry: eng/abbey__Noun__1
written_rep: abbey
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: абба́тство | монасты́рь | аббатство
sense_list:
A monastery or society of people, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy, which is headed by an abbot or abbess; also, the monastic building or buildings. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abbreviate__Verb__1
written_rep: abbreviate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: сократи́ть | сокраща́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abbreviation__Noun__1
written_rep: abbreviation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: аббревиа́ция | аббревиату́ра | сокраще́ние | уреза́ние
sense_list:
(linguistics) A shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase used to represent the whole, using omission of letters, and sometimes substitution of letters, or duplication of initial letters to signify plurality, including signs such as +, =, @. [Late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abbreviation__Noun__1
written_rep: abbreviation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: аббревиатура
sense_list:
(music) One or more dashes through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, demisemiquavers, or hemidemisemiquavers.


lexentry: eng/abbreviature__Noun__1
written_rep: abbreviature
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аббревиатура
sense_list:
An abridgment; a compendium; an abstract. [since the late 16th century] | A shortened form of a word or phrase, used in place of the whole; an abbreviation. [since the mid 17th century]


lexentry: eng/abdicate__Verb__1
written_rep: abdicate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: слагать полномочия
sense_list:
(transitive) To surrender, renounce or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; to fail to fulfill responsibility for. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdicate__Verb__1
written_rep: abdicate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: отре́чься | отрека́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity; to renounce sovereignty. [First attested in the early 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdication__Noun__1
written_rep: abdication
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: отрече́ние | абдика́ция
sense_list:
The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abdomen__Noun__1
written_rep: abdomen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: брюшна́я по́лость
sense_list:
(anatomy) The cavity of the belly, which is lined by the peritoneum, and contains the viscera; often restricted in humans to the part between the diaphragm and the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the pelvic cavity. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdomen__Noun__1
written_rep: abdomen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: брюшко
sense_list:
(zoology, entomology) The posterior section of the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other Arthropoda. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdominal_cavity__Noun__1
written_rep: abdominal cavity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: брюшна́я по́лость | брюшная полость
sense_list:
(anatomy) The hollow portion of the torso within the abdomen, containing the abdominal organs, in mammals below the diaphragm.


lexentry: eng/abdominohysterectomy__Noun__1
written_rep: abdominohysterectomy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абдоминогистерэктомия
sense_list:
(surgery) Removal of the uterus via an incision made in the abdominal wall rather than via the vagina.


lexentry: eng/abdominoplasty__Noun__1
written_rep: abdominoplasty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абдо̀минопла́стика
sense_list:
(surgery, uncountable) The surgical removal of excess flesh from the abdomen, usually for cosmetic reasons.


lexentry: eng/abducens_nerve__Noun__1
written_rep: abducens nerve
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мед.
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) Each of the sixth pair of cranial nerves that are the motor nerves supplying the lateral rectus in the eye. [19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abduct__Verb__1
written_rep: abduct
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: похища́ть | абду́кция | отведе́ние | похи́тить
sense_list:
(transitive) To take away by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually with violence or deception; to kidnap. [Early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abduction__Noun__1
written_rep: abduction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: похище́ние
sense_list:
Leading away; a carrying away. [from early 17th century.] | (legal) The wrongful, and usually forcible, carrying off of a human being. [from mid-18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abduction__Noun__1
written_rep: abduction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: абду́кция | абдукция
sense_list:
(anatomy) The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; the movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body. [from mid-17th century.] | (logic) A syllogism or form of argument in which the major premise is evident, but the minor is only probable. [from late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abductor__Noun__2
written_rep: abductor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абду́ктор | отводя́щая мы́шца
sense_list:
(anatomy) A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or from the median line of the body[early 17th century]


lexentry: eng/abeam__Adverb__1
written_rep: abeam
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: рядом
sense_list:
(nautical, aircraft) Alongside or abreast; opposite the center of the side of the ship or aircraft. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abecedary__Noun__1
written_rep: abecedary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: а́збука
sense_list:
One that teaches or learns the alphabet or the fundamentals of any subject; abecedarian. [from late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/abelian__Adjective__1
written_rep: abelian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́белев
sense_list:
(mathematics) Of an algebraic structure (usually a group or algebra), having a commutative defining operation. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abelisaurus__Noun__1
written_rep: abelisaurus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абелиза́вр
sense_list:
An abelisaurid theropod dinosaur, of genus Abelisaurus, from the Late Cretaceous Period (Campanian) of what is now South America.


lexentry: eng/aberrance__Noun__1
written_rep: aberrance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аберрация
sense_list:
State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude. [Mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrant__Adjective__1
written_rep: aberrant
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: [[сбиться|сби́вшийся]] с [[путь|пути́]]
sense_list:
(sometimes, figuratively) Straying from the right way; deviating from morality or truth. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrant__Adjective__1
written_rep: aberrant
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: [[отклоняться|отклоня́ющийся]] от [[норма|но́рмы]] | аберра́нтный
sense_list:
(botany, zoology) Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional; abnormal. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
written_rep: aberration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аберра́ция | отклоне́ние
sense_list:
The act of wandering; deviation from truth, moral rectitude; abnormal; divergence from the straight, correct, proper, normal, or from the natural state. [Late 16th century.] | (medicine) A deviation of a tissue, organ or mental functions from what is considered to be within the normal range.


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
written_rep: aberration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: аберра́ция | аберрация
sense_list:
(optics) The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; a defect in a focusing mechanism that prevents the intended focal point. [Mid 18th century.] | (zoology, botany) Atypical development or structure; deviation from the normal type; an aberrant organ. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
written_rep: aberration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: аберра́ция | заблужде́ние | отклоне́ние
sense_list:
(astronomy) A small periodical change of the apparent positions of the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer. [Mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abessive_case__Noun__1
written_rep: abessive case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абесси́в
sense_list:
(grammatical case) A grammatical case used to express the lack or absence of something. It has the meaning of the English preposition without or the affix -less.


lexentry: eng/abet__Verb__1
written_rep: abet
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: подде́рживать | поощря́ть | соде́йствовать
sense_list:
(transitive) To support, countenance, maintain, uphold, or aid (any good cause, opinion, or action); to maintain. [from late 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abetalipoproteinemia__Noun__1
written_rep: abetalipoproteinemia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абеталипопротеинеми́я
sense_list:
(disease) A rare autosomal recessive disorder that interferes with the normal absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins from food.


lexentry: eng/abettor__Noun__1
written_rep: abettor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: подстрека́тель | подстрека́тельница | посо́бник | посо́бница | соо́бщник | соо́бщница
sense_list:
One that abets an offender; one that incites; instigates; encourages. [First attested from 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abeyance__Noun__1
written_rep: abeyance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[состоя́ние]] неопределённости
sense_list:
(legal) Expectancy; a condition when an ownership of real property is undetermined; lapse in succession of ownership of estate, or title. [Late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/abhor__Verb__1
written_rep: abhor
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ненави́деть | пита́ть отвраще́ние
sense_list:
(transitive) To regard (someone or something) as horrifying or detestable; to feel great repugnance toward. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abhorrence__Noun__1
written_rep: abhorrence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: омерзе́ние | отвраще́ние
sense_list:
(uncountable, countable) Extreme aversion or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike or loathing. [Mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abide__Verb__1
written_rep: abide
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: жить | обита́ть | остава́ться | пребыва́ть | прожива́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To pay for; to stand the consequences of. [from late 16th c.] | Used in a phrasal verb: . | (intransitive, obsolete) To pause; to delay. [from ca. 1150—1350 to mid-17th c.] | (intransitive, archaic, Scotland) To stay; to continue in a place; to remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to be left. [from ca. 1150—1350] | (intransitive, archaic) To have one's abode. [from ca. 1350—1470] | (intransitive, archaic) To endure; to remain; to last. [from ca. 1350—1470] | (transitive, archaic) To stand ready for; to await for someone; watch for. [from early 12th c.] | (transitive, obsolete) To endure or undergo a hard trial or a task; to stand up under. [from ca. 1150—1350 to early 18th c.] | (transitive, archaic) To await submissively; accept without question; submit to. [from ca. 1350—1470]


lexentry: eng/abide_by__Verb__1
written_rep: abide by
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: блюсти́ | соблюда́ть | соблюсти́
sense_list:
(transitive) To accept (a decision or law) and act in accordance with it; to conform to (a decision or law); to acquiesce to (a decision or law).


lexentry: eng/abiding__Adjective__1
written_rep: abiding
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: беспрерывный
sense_list:
Continuing or persisting in the same state: lasting, enduring; steadfast. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abietic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: abietic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абиетиновая кислота
sense_list:
(carboxylic acid) A yellowish resin acid isolated from rosin and used in varnishes and esters for plasticizers; C19H29COOH


lexentry: eng/ability__Noun__1
written_rep: ability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: возмо́жность | спосо́бность
sense_list:
(uncountable) The quality or state of being able; capacity to do or of doing something; having the necessary power. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/ability__Noun__1
written_rep: ability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: уме́ние | спосо́бность
sense_list:
(countable) A skill or competence in doing; mental power; talent; aptitude. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abiogenesis__Noun__1
written_rep: abiogenesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абиогене́з | абиогенез
sense_list:
(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents. [from 1870]


lexentry: eng/abiotic__Adjective__1
written_rep: abiotic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абиотический
sense_list:
Nonliving, inanimate, characterised by the absence of life; of inorganic matter. [Mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abiotrophy__Noun__1
written_rep: abiotrophy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абиотрофи́я
sense_list:
(medicine) Premature degeneration of cells or tissues, especially with genetic causes; loss of function of organ or cell, not due to injury.


lexentry: eng/abjad__Noun__1
written_rep: abjad
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́бджад | абджа́д | консона́нтное письмо́
sense_list:
A writing system for Arabic, historically also employed as a numeral system, in which there is one glyph (symbol or letter) for each consonant but vowels are not specified. | (linguistics) Any writing system in which glyphs are used to represent consonants or consonantal phonemes, but not vowels.


lexentry: eng/abject__Adjective__1
written_rep: abject
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жа́лкий | уни́женный
sense_list:
Existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state; contemptible, despicable, miserable. [from early 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/abject__Adjective__1
written_rep: abject
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: смире́нный
sense_list:
Of a person: cast down in hope or spirit; showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation; also, grovelling; ingratiating; servile. [from mid 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/abjuration__Noun__1
written_rep: abjuration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абъюрация | отрече́ние
sense_list:
A solemn recantation or renunciation on oath; as, an abjuration of heresy. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abjure__Verb__1
written_rep: abjure
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
To solemnly reject (someone or something); to abandon (someone or something) forever; to disavow, to disclaim, to repudiate. [from 15th c.]

trans_list:
[[кля́твенно]] [[отрека́ться]] | [[отрица́ть]] под [[присяга|прися́гой]] | [[торже́ственно]] [[отрека́ться]] | отка́зываться | отказа́ться | отре́чься


lexentry: eng/abjure__Verb__1
written_rep: abjure
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[кля́твенно]] [[отрека́ться]] | [[отрица́ть]] под [[присяга|прися́гой]] | отре́чься | отрека́ться
sense_list:
(historical) To renounce (something) upon oath; to forswear; specifically, to recant or retract (a heresy or some other opinion); to withdraw. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/ablactation__Noun__1
written_rep: ablactation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аблакта́ция
sense_list:
The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young animals from their dam. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/ablation__Noun__1
written_rep: ablation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ампута́ция
sense_list:
(surgery) The surgical removal of a body part, an organ, or especially a tumor; the removal of an organ function; amputation. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/ablation__Noun__1
written_rep: ablation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: абля́ция
sense_list:
(sciences) The progressive removal of material by any of a variety of processes such as melting or vaporization under heat or chipping. [Mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/ablative__Adjective__1
written_rep: ablative
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абляти́вный
sense_list:
(grammar) Applied to one of the cases of the noun in some languages, the fundamental meaning of the case being removal, separation, or taking away, and to a lesser degree, instrument, place, accordance, specifications, price, or measurement. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/ablative_case__Noun__1
written_rep: ablative case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аблати́в | абляти́в | абляти́вный паде́ж | отложи́тельный паде́ж
sense_list:
(grammar) A noun case used in some languages to indicate movement away from something, removal, separation. In English grammar, it corresponds roughly to the use in English of prepositions "of", "from", "away from", and "concerning". In Latin grammar, the ablative case (cāsus ablātīvus) includes functions derived from the Indo-European ablative, instrumental, comitative, associative and locative cases; these cases express concepts similar to those of the English prepositions "of"/"from", "by", "with", "to"/"with", and "at"/"in", respectively. Here/hence/hither, there/thence/thither, and where/whence/whither are the only English words with separate forms for the ablative (motion away from) and lative (motion towards) cases.


lexentry: eng/ablaut__Noun__1
written_rep: ablaut
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абла́ут | абля́ут | апофони́я
sense_list:
(phonology) The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation, distinct from the phonetic influence of a succeeding vowel. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/able__Adjective__1
written_rep: able
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: в [[состояние|состоя́нии]] | спосо́бный
sense_list:
Free from constraints preventing completion of task; permitted to; not prevented from. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/able__Adjective__1
written_rep: able
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: спосо́бный | уме́лый
sense_list:
Gifted with skill, intelligence, knowledge, or competence. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abloom__Adverb__1
written_rep: abloom
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: в цвету́ | цвету́щий
sense_list:
(postpositive) In or into bloom; in a blooming state; having flower blooms unfolding. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/ablution__Noun__1
written_rep: ablution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: омове́ние | промы́вка | промыва́ние
sense_list:
The act of washing or cleansing the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite. [From mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abmigration__Noun__1
written_rep: abmigration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абмигра́ция
sense_list:
(ornithology) A northward summer migration of birds without a corresponding southward migration the previous autumn.


lexentry: eng/abnegate__Verb__1
written_rep: abnegate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отка́зываться | отрека́ться
sense_list:
(transitive) To deny (oneself something); to renounce or give up (a right, a power, a claim, a privilege, a convenience). [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormal__Adjective__1
written_rep: abnormal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ненорма́льный | ненормальный
sense_list:
Not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type. [First attested around the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormal__Adjective__1
written_rep: abnormal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ненормальный
sense_list:
Of or pertaining to that which is irregular, in particular, behaviour that deviates from norms of social propriety or accepted standards of mental health. [First attested around the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormal_psychology__Noun__1
written_rep: abnormal psychology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психопатоло́гия
sense_list:
The academic study of persons whose psychological characteristics deviate from the norm, as with neuroses, psychoses, and disorders


lexentry: eng/abnormality__Noun__1
written_rep: abnormality
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ненорма́льность | непра́вильность
sense_list:
The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormality__Noun__1
written_rep: abnormality
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: анома́лия
sense_list:
Something abnormal; an aberration; an abnormal occurrence or feature. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormally__Adverb__1
written_rep: abnormally
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анома́льно | ненорма́льно
sense_list:
In an abnormal manner; in a way that deviates from a standard, norm, or average. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abode__Noun__1
written_rep: abode
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: усадьба | жили́ще | оби́тель | обита́лище | пребыва́ние
sense_list:
(dated, or, legal) Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn. [Attested from (1350 to 1470) to the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abolish__Verb__1
written_rep: abolish
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: искорени́ть | искореня́ть | ликвиди́ровать | уничто́жить | уничтожа́ть
sense_list:
(archaic) To put an end to or destroy, as a physical object; to wipe out. [First attested from around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abolitionism__Noun__1
written_rep: abolitionism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аболициони́зм | аболиционизм
sense_list:
Support for the abolition of something; the tenets of abolitionists. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abolitionist__Noun__1
written_rep: abolitionist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аболиционист
sense_list:
A person who favors the abolition of any particular institution or practice. [since the late 18th century]


lexentry: eng/abomasum__Noun__1
written_rep: abomasum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сычу́г | сычуг
sense_list:
(biology, food) The fourth digestive compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminant, after the omasum;the lining of said compartment, considered as a foodstuff.


lexentry: eng/abominable__Adjective__1
written_rep: abominable
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: га́дкий | гну́сный | ненави́стный | омерзи́тельный | отвра́тный | отврати́тельный
sense_list:
Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable. [first attested around 1150 to 1350]


lexentry: eng/abominate__Verb__1
written_rep: abominate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: выносить | ненави́деть | пита́ть отвраще́ние
sense_list:
(transitive) To feel disgust towards; to loathe or detest thoroughly; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious dread. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abonnement__Noun__1
written_rep: abonnement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абонеме́нт
sense_list:
A subscription or season ticket in a French-speaking country or another country where abonnement is the local term. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aboriginal__Adjective__1
written_rep: aboriginal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абориге́нный | автохто́нный | коренно́й | ме́стный | тузе́мный
sense_list:
First according to historical or scientific records; original; indigenous; primitive. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/aborigine__Noun__1
written_rep: aborigine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абориге́н | автохто́н | коренно́й жи́тель | тузе́мец
sense_list:
A native inhabitant of a country; a member of the original people. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abort__Noun__1
written_rep: abort
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: або́рт | вы́кидыш
sense_list:
(now, rare) The product of a miscarriage; an aborted offspring; an abortion. [First attested in the early 17th century.] | (obsolete) A miscarriage; an untimely birth; an abortion. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abortifacient__Noun__1
written_rep: abortifacient
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абортивное средство
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug or an agent that induces an abortion. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abortion__Noun__1
written_rep: abortion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: або́рт | аборт
sense_list:
(medicine) The expulsion from the womb of a foetus or embryo before it is fully developed, with loss of the foetus.[from 16th c.] | An induced abortion. | (biology) Arrest of development of any organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is absorbed. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abortionist__Noun__1
written_rep: abortionist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абортница
sense_list:
(now, sometimes, offensive) A person who performs abortions, especially illegally or secretly. [from 1844]


lexentry: eng/abortive__Noun__1
written_rep: abortive
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аборт
sense_list:
(obsolete) Someone or something born or brought forth prematurely; an abortion. [Attested from around (1150 to 1350) until the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abound__Verb__1
written_rep: abound
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: изоби́ловать | кише́ть
sense_list:
(intransitive) To be full to overflowing; to bristle. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).] | (intransitive) To be present or available in large numbers or quantities; to be plentiful. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/about__Adverb__1
written_rep: about
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: о́коло | приблизи́тельно | приме́рно | почти́
sense_list:
Nearly; approximately; with close correspondence in quality, manner, degree, quantity, or time; almost. [from before 1150]


lexentry: eng/about__Adverb__1
written_rep: about
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: обра́тно
sense_list:
To a reversed order; half round; facing in the opposite direction; from a contrary point of view. [from ca. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/about__Adverb__1
written_rep: about
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: в [[окружность|окру́жности]]
sense_list:
(archaic) In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way; around the outside; in circumference. [from ca. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/about__Preposition__1
written_rep: about
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: по
sense_list:
Over or upon different parts of; through or over in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in; throughout. [from ca. 1150–1350]


lexentry: eng/about__Preposition__1
written_rep: about
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: о | об | про | насчёт
sense_list:
Concerning; with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect. [from ca. 1150–1350] | Concerned with; engaged in; intent on. [from ca. 1150–1350]


lexentry: eng/about__Preposition__1
written_rep: about
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: недалеко́ | побли́зости | ря́дом
sense_list:
(figurative) In or near, as in mental faculties or (literally) in the possession of; under the control of; at one's command; in one's makeup. [from ca. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/about_to__Phrase__1
written_rep: about to
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: собира́ться
sense_list:
(idiomatic, with infinitive verb) Indicates something that will happen very soon; indicates action that is imminent; ready to.


lexentry: eng/above__Adverb__1
written_rep: above
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: вы́ше
sense_list:
Higher in the same page; earlier in the order as far as writing products go. [first attested before 1150.]


lexentry: eng/above__Noun__1
written_rep: above
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: вышеупомя́нутый
sense_list:
Something, especially a person's name in legal documents, that appears higher on the same page or on a preceding page.


lexentry: eng/abracadabra__Noun__1
written_rep: abracadabra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абракада́бра
sense_list:
A use of the mystical term ‘abracadabra’, supposed to work as part of a healing charm or a magical spell; any spell or incantation making use of the word. [from 16th c.] | Mumbo jumbo; obscure language or technicalities; jargon. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion__Noun__1
written_rep: abrasion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: истира́ние | тре́ние
sense_list:
The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion__Noun__1
written_rep: abrasion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: абра́зия
sense_list:
(geology) The effect of mechanical erosion of rock, especially a river bed, by rock fragments scratching and scraping it. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion__Noun__1
written_rep: abrasion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: сса́дина
sense_list:
(medicine) A superficial wound caused by scraping; an area of skin where the cells on the surface have been scraped or worn away. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion_platform__Noun__1
written_rep: abrasion platform
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абразионная платформа
sense_list:
(geology) A sloping or nearly flat bedrock surface extending out from the foot of a marine cliff under shallow water of a breaker (wave) zone, that was created by marine abrasion.


lexentry: eng/abrasive__Noun__1
written_rep: abrasive
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абрази́в | абразивный
sense_list:
A hard inorganic substance or material consisting in powder or granule form such as sandpaper, pumice, or emery, used for cleaning, smoothing, or polishing. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasively__Adverb__1
written_rep: abrasively
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вдруг
sense_list:
In an abrasive manner; in a rude and unkind manner; acting in a way that may hurt other people's feelings.


lexentry: eng/abreast__Adverb__1
written_rep: abreast
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: борт о́ борт | на [[один|одно́й]] [[линия|ли́нии]] | на [[траверз|тра́верзе]]
sense_list:
(nautical) Side by side; also, opposite; on a line with the vessel's beam. [First attested in the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abridge__Verb__1
written_rep: abridge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: сокраща́ть | укора́чивать | усека́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten in duration or extent. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abridge__Verb__1
written_rep: abridge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: сокраща́ть | сумми́ровать | уменьша́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense[First attested in 1384.]. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abridgment__Noun__1
written_rep: abridgment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: выписка
sense_list:
(US) An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened or abridged form; an abbreviation. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abridgment__Noun__1
written_rep: abridgment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: сокращение
sense_list:
(dated, legal) Any of various brief statements of case law made before modern reporting of legal cases.


lexentry: eng/abroad__Adverb__1
written_rep: abroad
part_of_speech: adverb
sense_list: Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries. [from 1350–1470]
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
за [[граница|грани́цей]] | за [[граница|грани́цу]] | за [[кордон|кордо́ном]] | за [[рубе́ж]] | за [[рубеж|рубежо́м]] | на [[чужбина|чужби́не]]


lexentry: eng/abrogate__Verb__1
written_rep: abrogate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аннули́ровать | отменя́ть | расторга́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, law) To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or their successor; to repeal; — applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc. [First attested in the early 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrupt__Adjective__1
written_rep: abrupt
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: внеза́пный | неожи́данный
sense_list:
Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abruptly__Adverb__1
written_rep: abruptly
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бесцеремо́нно | внеза́пно | неожи́данно | отры́висто | ре́зко
sense_list:
In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly; precipitously. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscess__Noun__1
written_rep: abscess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсце́сс | гнойни́к | нары́в | гнойничо́к
sense_list:
(pathology) A cavity caused by tissue destruction, usually because of infection, filled with pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscisic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: abscisic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсци́зовая кислота́
sense_list:
(hormone) A terpenoid best known as a plant hormone that inhibits seed germination and was once thought to be important in abscission.


lexentry: eng/abscissa__Noun__1
written_rep: abscissa
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсци́сса | абсцисса
sense_list:
(geometry) The first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes. [First attested in the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscond__Verb__1
written_rep: abscond
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: избегать | уклоня́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To flee, often secretly; to steal away. [From mid 16th century.] | (transitive, uncommon) To evade, to hide or flee from.


lexentry: eng/abseil__Verb__1
written_rep: abseil
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: праздновать
sense_list:
(intransitive) To descend a steep or vertical drop using a rope with a mechanical friction device or (classic abseil) by wrapping the rope around the body; to rappel. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/absence_makes_the_heart_grow_fonder__Proverb__1
written_rep: absence makes the heart grow fonder
part_of_speech: proverb
sense_list: (idiom) One feels more love or affection for those one loves when parted from them.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
от разлу́ки любо́вь горяче́й | разлу́ка для любви́, что ве́тер для искры́ — ма́ленькую зату́шит, а большу́ю сде́лает еще сильне́е


lexentry: eng/absence_seizure__Noun__1
written_rep: absence seizure
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абса́нс
sense_list:
(medicine) A type of seizure indicative of petit mal epilepsy. Brief seizure lasting up to 30 seconds involving vacantness and lack of awareness, possibly including twitching; not including spasm or unconsciousness.


lexentry: eng/absent-minded__Adjective__1
written_rep: absent-minded
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рассе́янный
sense_list:
Absent in mind; often preoccupied; forgetful or careless due to distraction; easily distracted. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absent-mindedness__Noun__1
written_rep: absent-mindedness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рассе́янность
sense_list:
The characteristic or state of being easily distracted or preoccupied. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absent__Adjective__1
written_rep: absent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отсу́тствовать | отсу́тствующий
sense_list:
(not comparable) Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present; missing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absent__Adjective__1
written_rep: absent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: невнима́тельный | отсу́тствующий
sense_list:
(comparable) Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied. [First attested in the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absentee__Noun__1
written_rep: absentee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отсу́тствующий
sense_list:
A person who is absent from his or her employment, school, post, duty, etc. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absenteeism__Noun__1
written_rep: absenteeism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсентеизм
sense_list:
The state of being absent, especially frequently or without good reason; the practice of an absentee. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absinthe__Noun__1
written_rep: absinthe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: абсе́нт | абсент
sense_list:
A distilled, highly alcoholic, anise-flavored liquor originally made from grande wormwood, anise, and other herbs. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
written_rep: absolute
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсолю́тный | абсолютный
sense_list:
Free of restrictions, limitations, qualifications or conditions; unconditional. [first attested in the late 1400s] | (especially, philosophy) Fundamental, ultimate, intrinsic; not relative; independent of references or relations to other things or standards. [first attested in the late 1700s]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
written_rep: absolute
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: абсолю́тный | соверше́нный
sense_list:
Free from imperfection, perfect, complete; especially, perfectly embodying a quality in its essential characteristics or to its highest degree. [first attested around 1400]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
written_rep: absolute
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: абсолю́тный | обосо́бленный
sense_list:
(grammar) Not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence; not in a syntactical relation with other parts of a text, or qualifying the text as a whole rather than any single word in it, like "it being over" in "it being over, she left". [first attested around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Noun__1
written_rep: absolute
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: абсолю́т
sense_list:
(philosophy, usually capitalized, usually preceded by "the") A realm which exists without reference to anything else; that which can be imagined purely by itself; absolute ego.


lexentry: eng/absolute_advantage__Noun__1
written_rep: absolute advantage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсолютное преимущество
sense_list:
(economics) The capability to produce more of a given product using the same quantity or less of a given resource than a competing entity.


lexentry: eng/absolute_geometry__Noun__1
written_rep: absolute geometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсолю́тная геоме́трия
sense_list:
(geometry) The single (up to logical equivalence) geometry whose axiomatic system is equivalent to that of Euclidean geometry without the parallel postulate or any alternative.


lexentry: eng/absolute_humidity__Noun__1
written_rep: absolute humidity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсолю́тная вла́жность
sense_list:
(meteorology) In a system of moist air, the ratio of the mass of water vapor present to the volume occupied by the mixture, that is, the density of the water vapor component. Absolute humidity is usually expressed in grams of water vapor per cubic meter or, in engineering practice, in grains per cubic foot. Because this measure of atmospheric humidity is not conservative with respect to adiabatic expansion or compression, it is not commonly used by meteorologists. (Also called vapor concentration and vapor density). See relative humidity.


lexentry: eng/absolute_magnitude__Noun__1
written_rep: absolute magnitude
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсолю́тная звёздная величина́
sense_list:
(astronomy) The intrinsic luminosity that a celestial body would have if viewed from a distance of 10 parsecs or about 32.6 light years.


lexentry: eng/absolute_pitch__Noun__1
written_rep: absolute pitch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсолю́тный слух
sense_list:
(music, countable, or, uncountable) The exact pitch of a note as established by its rate of vibration based on a standard scale.


lexentry: eng/absolute_value__Noun__1
written_rep: absolute value
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсолю́тная величина́ | мо́дуль
sense_list:
(mathematics) For a complex number a+bi, the principal square root of the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary parts, \sqrt{a^2+b^2}. Denoted by | |.


lexentry: eng/absolute_zero__Noun__1
written_rep: absolute zero
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсолю́тный нуль | абсолютный нуль
sense_list:
(physics) The coldest possible temperature, zero on the Kelvin scale, or approximately −273.15 °C, −459.67 °F; total absence of heat; temperature at which motion of all molecules would cease. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absoluteness__Noun__1
written_rep: absoluteness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсолю́тность
sense_list:
(obsolete) The fact of being finished or perfected; completeness. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the 17th century.] | The fact of being without qualifications or conditions; certainty, unconditionality. [First attested in the 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolution__Noun__1
written_rep: absolution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[отпуще́ние]] ([[грех|грехо́в]])
sense_list:
(ecclesiastical) An absolving of sins from ecclesiastical penalties by an authority. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/absolution__Noun__1
written_rep: absolution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: проще́ние | абсолюция
sense_list:
An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty; forgiveness of an offense. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absolutism__Noun__1
written_rep: absolutism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: абсолюти́зм | абсолютизм
sense_list:
(political science, sociology) The principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; Synonym of despotism. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolutive__Adjective__1
written_rep: absolutive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсолютный падеж
sense_list:
(grammar) Of or pertaining to the grammatical case used to indicate the patient or experiencer of a verb’s action.


lexentry: eng/absolutive_case__Noun__1
written_rep: absolutive case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсолю́тный паде́ж
sense_list:
(grammatical case) case used to indicate the patient or experiencer of a verb’s action. The absolutive case is used to mark the subject of an intransitive verb, as well as the object of a transitive verb (inasmuch as they are codified in the English nominative-accusative system). Some languages that employ the absolutive case include Abkhaz, Basque, Chechen, Dyirbal, Hindi, Inuktitut, Hiligaynon, and Yup'ik.


lexentry: eng/absolve__Verb__1
written_rep: absolve
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[освобожда́ть]] от
sense_list:
(transitive) To set free, release or discharge (from obligations, debts, responsibility etc.). [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absolve__Verb__1
written_rep: absolve
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: [[освобожда́ть]] от | отпуска́ть | проща́ть | снима́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To pronounce free from or give absolution for a penalty, blame, or guilt. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorb__Verb__1
written_rep: absorb
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: поглоща́ть | абсорби́ровать | впи́тывать | вбира́ть | вобра́ть | впита́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To include so that it no longer has separate existence; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to incorporate; to assimilate; to take in and use up. [first attested c. 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absorb__Verb__1
written_rep: absorb
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: поглоща́ть | впи́тывать | вса́сывать | вбира́ть | вобра́ть | впита́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe, like a sponge or as the lacteals of the body; to chemically take in. [first attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorbed__Adjective__1
written_rep: absorbed
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: впи́танный | поглощённый
sense_list:
(Of something) That has been taken in, engulfed, imbibed, or assimilated. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorbency__Noun__1
written_rep: absorbency
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: поглоти́тельная спосо́бность
sense_list:
The quality of being absorbent. | (physics) The ratio of the absorbance or optical density of a substance to that of a similar body of pure solvent.


lexentry: eng/absorbent__Adjective__1
written_rep: absorbent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсорби́рующий | гигроскопи́чный
sense_list:
Having the ability or tendency to absorb; able to soak up liquid easily; absorptive. [First attested in the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorbent__Noun__1
written_rep: absorbent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: абсорбе́нт
sense_list:
(medicine) Any substance which absorbs and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance, e.g., iodine, which acts on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated parts.


lexentry: eng/absorber__Noun__1
written_rep: absorber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсо́рбер | абсорбе́нт | поглоти́тель
sense_list:
A device which causes gas or vapor to be absorbed by a liquid. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorption__Noun__1
written_rep: absorption
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсо́рбция
sense_list:
(physiology) in living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs; taking in by various means, such as by osmosis. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorption__Noun__1
written_rep: absorption
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсо́рбция | впи́тывание | поглоще́ние
sense_list:
(physical chemistry, physics) the imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action, of radiant energy; the process of being neutrons being absorbed by the nucleus; interception. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstain__Verb__1
written_rep: abstain
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: возде́рживаться | воздержа́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) Refrain from (something or doing something); keep from doing, especially an indulgence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstainer__Noun__1
written_rep: abstainer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абстинент
sense_list:
Agent noun of abstain; one who abstains; especially, one who abstains from something, such as the use of alcohol or drugs, or one who abstains for religious reasons; one who practices self-denial. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstemious__Adjective__1
written_rep: abstemious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возде́ржанный | скро́мный | уме́ренный
sense_list:
Refraining from freely consuming food or strong drink; sparing in diet; abstinent, temperate. [From early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abstention__Noun__1
written_rep: abstention
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возде́ржанность | воздержа́ние
sense_list:
(obsolete) The act of restraining oneself. [Attested from the early 16th century until the med 17th century.] | The act of abstaining or refraining (from). [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
written_rep: abstinence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абстине́нция | воздержа́ние
sense_list:
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from sexual intercourse, either permanently or until marriage. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
written_rep: abstinence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абстине́нция | воздержа́ние | тре́звенность
sense_list:
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating/alcoholic beverages; total abstinence; teetotalism). [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
written_rep: abstinence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: воздержа́ние
sense_list:
The act or practice of abstaining, refraining from indulging a desire or appetite. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abstinent__Adjective__1
written_rep: abstinent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: умренный
sense_list:
Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence of appetite. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Adjective__1
written_rep: abstract
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: абстрактный
sense_list:
Difficult to understand; abstruse; hard to conceptualize. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.] | (arts, often, capitalized) Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20th century. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Noun__1
written_rep: abstract
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: экстра́кт
sense_list:
(real estate) A summary title of the key points detailing a tract of land, for ownership; abstract of title.


lexentry: eng/abstract__Verb__1
written_rep: abstract
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абстраги́ровать
sense_list:
To conceptualize an ideal subgroup by means of the generalization of an attribute, as follows: by apprehending an attribute inherent to one individual, then separating that attribute and contemplating it by itself, then conceiving of that attribute as a general quality, then despecifying that conceived quality with respect to several or many individuals, and by then ideating a group composed of those individuals perceived to possess said quality.


lexentry: eng/abstract_algebra__Noun__1
written_rep: abstract algebra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абстра́ктная а́лгебра
sense_list:
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics concerned with algebraic structures, such as groups, rings, and fields.


lexentry: eng/abstract_art__Noun__1
written_rep: abstract art
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абстра́ктное иску́сство
sense_list:
Art that does not depict objects in the natural world, but instead uses color and form in a non-representational way.


lexentry: eng/abstract_noun__Noun__1
written_rep: abstract noun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абстра́ктное существи́тельное
sense_list:
(grammar) A noun that denotes an idea, emotion, feeling, quality, generalization, representation or other abstract or intangible concept, as opposed to a concrete item, or a physical object.


lexentry: eng/abstract_verb__Noun__1
written_rep: abstract verb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: абстра́ктный глаго́л | разнонапра́вленный глаго́л
sense_list:
(Slavic grammar) A verb of motion whose motion is multidirectional (as opposed to unidirectional) or indirect, or whose action is repeated or in a series (iterative), instead of being a single completed action; always imperfective in aspect, even with prefixes that are normally associated with the perfective aspect (eg. Polish przybiegać).


lexentry: eng/abstracted__Adjective__1
written_rep: abstracted
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: рассеянный
sense_list:
Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind; meditative. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstraction__Noun__1
written_rep: abstraction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: абстра́кция | абстракция
sense_list:
The act of focusing on one characteristic of an object rather than the object as a whole group of characteristics; the act of separating said qualities from the object or ideas. [First attested in the late 16th century.] | The act of comparing commonality between distinct objects and organizing using those similarities; the act of generalizing characteristics; the product of said generalization. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstractionism__Noun__1
written_rep: abstractionism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абстракциони́зм | абстракционизм
sense_list:
The creation, principles, or ideals of abstractions, in particular art. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstractionist__Noun__1
written_rep: abstractionist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абстракционист
sense_list:
An idealist. [First attested in the mid 19th century.] | (art) Someone who supports or creates abstract art.


lexentry: eng/abstractive__Adjective__1
written_rep: abstractive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абстрактный
sense_list:
Having an abstracting nature or tendency; tending to separate; tending to be withdrawn. [First attested in the late 15th century.] | Derived by abstraction; belonging to abstraction. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurd__Adjective__1
written_rep: absurd
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: неле́пый | абсу́рдный | абсурдный
sense_list:
Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and flatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; silly. [from mid-16th c.]


lexentry: eng/absurdism__Noun__1
written_rep: absurdism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсурди́зм
sense_list:
(uncountable, philosophy) A philosophy which holds that the universe is chaotic and irrational and that any attempt to impose order will ultimately fail. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurdist__Noun__1
written_rep: absurdist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсурди́ст
sense_list:
An advocate of absurdism, in particular a writer of absurd topics. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurdity__Noun__1
written_rep: absurdity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсу́рд
sense_list:
(countable) That which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurdity__Noun__1
written_rep: absurdity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: неле́пость | абсу́рдность
sense_list:
(uncountable) The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. [First attested in the early 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurdly__Adverb__1
written_rep: absurdly
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абсурдно
sense_list:
In an absurd fashion. [First attested in the mid 16th century.] | To an extreme degree. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abugida__Noun__1
written_rep: abugida
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: абуги́да
sense_list:
(linguistics) A kind of syllabary (syllabic alphabet) in which a symbol or glyph representing a syllable contains parts representing a vowel and a consonant, typically such that symbols for different syllables are generated by adding, altering or removing the vowel portion, often by applying a diacritic to a stable consonant symbol.


lexentry: eng/abulia__Noun__1
written_rep: abulia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абули́я | абулия
sense_list:
(psychiatry) Absence of willpower or decisiveness, especially as a symptom of mental illness. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abundance__Noun__1
written_rep: abundance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: избы́ток | оби́лие
sense_list:
A large quantity; many. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.] | Frequency, amount, ratio of something within a given environment or sample. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abundance__Noun__1
written_rep: abundance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: изоби́лие | обилие
sense_list:
An overflowing fullness or ample sufficiency; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; plentifulness. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abundant__Adjective__1
written_rep: abundant
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: изоби́лующий | оби́льный
sense_list:
Fully sufficient; found in copious supply; in great quantity; overflowing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abundantly__Adverb__1
written_rep: abundantly
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: изоби́льно | оби́льно
sense_list:
In an abundant manner; in a sufficient degree; in large measure. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Noun__1
written_rep: abuse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: злоупотребле́ние | наси́лие
sense_list:
Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom. [from around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Noun__1
written_rep: abuse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: брань | оби́да | оскорбле́ние | ру́гань
sense_list:
Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies. [from mid-16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Verb__1
written_rep: abuse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: злоупотреби́ть | злоупотребля́ть | издева́ться | изнаси́ловать | матери́ть | наси́ловать
sense_list:
(transitive) To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to use improperly; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert [from around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Verb__1
written_rep: abuse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: матери́ть | оби́деть | обижа́ть | обматери́ть | обруга́ть | оскорби́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To attack with coarse language; to insult; to revile; malign; to speak in an offensive manner to or about someone; to disparage. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Verb__1
written_rep: abuse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: изнаси́ловать | наси́ловать
sense_list:
(transitive, archaic) To violate; defile; to rape; (reflexive) to masturbate. [from around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/abusive__Adjective__1
written_rep: abusive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: бра́нный | ма́терный | руга́тельный
sense_list:
(archaic) Tending to misuse; practising or containing abuse. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abut__Verb__1
written_rep: abut
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: грани́чить | прилега́ть | примыка́ть | упира́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land) [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abuttal__Noun__1
written_rep: abuttal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: грани́ца | межа́
sense_list:
(rare, pluralonly) The butting or boundary of land, particularly at the end; buttals. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abyss__Noun__1
written_rep: abyss
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бе́здна | про́пасть
sense_list:
Hell; the bottomless pit; primeval chaos; a confined subterranean ocean. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abyss__Noun__1
written_rep: abyss
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: бе́здна | про́пасть | пучи́на
sense_list:
(frequently, figurative) A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable; any void space. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abyssal__Adjective__1
written_rep: abyssal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: абисса́льный | глуби́нный | глубоково́дный
sense_list:
(geography) Of or belonging to the ocean depths, especially below 2000 metres (6500 ft): abyssal zone. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abyssal_zone__Noun__1
written_rep: abyssal zone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абисса́ль
sense_list:
(geography) The oceanic realm consisting of the deep ocean, typified by a dearth of plant life, and plentiful carnivorous animals that are able to withstand extreme pressure.


lexentry: eng/academia__Noun__1
written_rep: academia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: академия
sense_list:
(collective) The scientific and cultural community engaged in higher education and research, taken as a whole. [from 1956] | Continuous study at higher education institutions; scholarship.


lexentry: eng/academian__Noun__1
written_rep: academian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: академик
sense_list:
(obsolete) A member of an academy, university, or college. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/academic__Adjective__1
written_rep: academic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: университе́тский | академи́ческий
sense_list:
Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning, or a scholarly society or organization. [from late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/academic__Adjective__1
written_rep: academic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: академический
sense_list:
In particular: relating to literary, classical, or artistic studies like the humanities, rather than to technical or vocational studies like engineering or welding.


lexentry: eng/academic_institution__Noun__1
written_rep: academic institution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: уче́бное заведе́ние
sense_list:
An educational institution, dedicated to higher education and research, that grants academic degrees.


lexentry: eng/academical__Adjective__1
written_rep: academical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: академи́ческий
sense_list:
Pertaining to a university or other form of higher education. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academically__Adverb__1
written_rep: academically
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: академический
sense_list:
In an academic style or way; from an academic perspective. [First attested in the late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/academician__Noun__1
written_rep: academician
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: преподава́тель | преподава́тельница | профе́ссор | студе́нт | студе́нтка
sense_list:
(now, chiefly, US) A member (especially a senior one) of the faculty at a college or university; an academic. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/academician__Noun__1
written_rep: academician
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: акаде́мик
sense_list:
A member or follower of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or literature, such as the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of Arts. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
written_rep: academy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: акаде́мия | академия
sense_list:
An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university; typically a private school. [First attested in the mid 16th century.] | A society of learned people united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
written_rep: academy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: акаде́мия | вуз | вы́сшее уче́бное заведе́ние | учи́лище | шко́ла
sense_list:
A school or place of training in which some special art is taught. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/acalculia__Noun__1
written_rep: acalculia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акалькули́я
sense_list:
(pathology) The condition of lacking basic mathematical skills caused by a brain injury, or more specifically an injury to the parietal lobe. [First attested in the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/acanthite__Noun__1
written_rep: acanthite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акантит
sense_list:
(mineral) A mineral form of silver sulfide, Ag2S, that is a major ore of silver, that forms slender prisms.


lexentry: eng/acanthocephalan__Noun__1
written_rep: acanthocephalan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акантоцефал | акантоцефалы
sense_list:
Any of parasitic intestinal worms comprising the phylum Acanthocephala. [First attested late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/acanthus__Noun__1
written_rep: acanthus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ака́нт | медве́жья ла́па
sense_list:
A member of the genus Acanthus of herbaceous prickly plants with toothed leaves, (family Acanthaceae, order Lamiales (formerly Scrophulariales)) found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India. [from mid 16th century]


lexentry: eng/acanthus__Noun__1
written_rep: acanthus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ака́нт
sense_list:
(architectural element) An ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of Acanthus spinosus, used in the capitals of the Corinthian and composite orders. [from mid 18th century]


lexentry: eng/accede__Verb__1
written_rep: accede
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: присоединя́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive, now, _, rare) To give one's adhesion; to join up with (a group, etc.); to become part of. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/accede__Verb__1
written_rep: accede
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: вступа́ть
sense_list:
(intransitive) To come to an office, state or dignity; to attain, assume (a position). [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/accelerant__Noun__1
written_rep: accelerant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ускори́тель
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any substance that can bond or mix with, or disturb, another substance and cause an increase in the speed of a natural or artificial chemical process.


lexentry: eng/accelerate__Verb__1
written_rep: accelerate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: уско́риться | ускоря́ться
sense_list:
(transitive) To quicken the natural or ordinary progression or process of. | (intransitive) To become faster; to begin to move more quickly.


lexentry: eng/acceleration__Noun__1
written_rep: acceleration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: разго́н | ускоре́ние | ускорение
sense_list:
(uncountable) The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; as opposed to retardation or deceleration.


lexentry: eng/acceleration__Noun__1
written_rep: acceleration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ускоре́ние | ускорение
sense_list:
(countable) The amount by which a speed or velocity increases (and so a scalar quantity or a vector quantity). | (physics) The change of velocity with respect to time (can include deceleration or changing direction).


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
written_rep: accent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акце́нт | ударе́ние
sense_list:
(linguistics) A higher-pitched or stronger (louder or longer) articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it. | (figuratively) Emphasis or importance in general. | (prosody, poetry) Stress laid on certain syllables of a verse.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
written_rep: accent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: знак [[ударение|ударе́ния]] | ударе́ние | штрих
sense_list:
(orthography) A mark or character used in writing, in order to indicate the place of the spoken accent, or to indicate the nature or quality of the vowel marked.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
written_rep: accent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: произноше́ние | акце́нт | вы́говор
sense_list:
(linguistics, sociolinguistics) The distinctive manner of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, social group, etc., whether of a native speaker or a foreign speaker; the phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
written_rep: accent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: акце́нт
sense_list:
(music) A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more feebly, the third part of the measure. | (music) A special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the measure. | (music) A mark used to represent this special emphasis.The third and fourth symbols are accents (marks used to represent special emphasis in music). | (music) The rhythmical accent, which marks phrases and sections of a period. | Emphasis laid on a part of an artistic design or composition; an emphasized detail, in particular a detail in sharp contrast to its surroundings.


lexentry: eng/accentuate__Verb__1
written_rep: accentuate
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: (transitive) To mark with a written accent.
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list:
[[поста́вить]] [[ударе́ние]] | [[проста́вить]] [[ударе́ние]] | [[проставля́ть]] [[ударе́ние]] | [[ста́вить]] [[ударе́ние]]


lexentry: eng/acceptance__Noun__1
written_rep: acceptance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: получе́ние
sense_list:
(uncountable) The act of accepting; the receiving of something offered, with acquiescence, approbation, or satisfaction; especially, favourable reception; approval.


lexentry: eng/acceptance__Noun__1
written_rep: acceptance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: акце́пт | догово́р
sense_list:
(business, finance) An assent and engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance; the bill of exchange itself when accepted.


lexentry: eng/acceptance__Noun__1
written_rep: acceptance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: одобре́ние | призна́ние | приня́тие
sense_list:
(law) An agreeing to the action, proposals, or terms of another by some act which results in the conclusion of a legally binding contract; the reception or taking of a thing bought as that for which it was bought, or as that agreed to be delivered, or the taking of possession of a thing as owner.


lexentry: eng/access__Noun__1
written_rep: access
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: доступ
sense_list:
(uncountable) The right or ability of approaching or entering; admittance; admission; accessibility.


lexentry: eng/access_point__Noun__1
written_rep: access point
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: беспроводная точка доступа | точка беспроводного доступа
sense_list:
(networking) A device, such as an Internet modem, that permits wireless devices to connect to a network.


lexentry: eng/accessibility__Noun__1
written_rep: accessibility
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: специальные возможности
sense_list:
(computing, web design) Features that increase software usability for users with certain impairments.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Adjective__1
written_rep: accessory
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вспомога́тельный | доба́вочный | дополни́тельный
sense_list:
Having a secondary, supplementary or subordinate function by accompanying as a subordinate; aiding in a secondary way; being additional; contributing or being contributory. [from 1550s]


lexentry: eng/accessory__Adjective__1
written_rep: accessory
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: соуча́ствующий
sense_list:
(legal) Assisting a crime without actually participating in committing the crime itself; being connected as an incident or subordinate to a principal.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Noun__1
written_rep: accessory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аксессуа́р | принадле́жность
sense_list:
Something that belongs to part of another main thing; something additional and subordinate, an attachment.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Noun__1
written_rep: accessory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: соуча́стник | соуча́стница
sense_list:
(legal) A person who is not present at a crime, but contributes to it as an assistant or instigator. [from 1414]


lexentry: eng/accessory_fruit__Noun__1
written_rep: accessory fruit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ложный плод
sense_list:
(botany) A fruit which includes tissue not derived from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue, as for instance, a strawberry.


lexentry: eng/acciaccatura__Noun__1
written_rep: acciaccatura
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аччаккатура
sense_list:
(music) A short grace note (theoretically taking no time at all), occurring on the beat occupied by the main note to which it is prefixed, one scale-step higher or lower than that main note. (Sometimes equivalent, therefore, to a short appoggiatura, but in Baroque music interpreted differently and more strictly.) Written as a note lighter in appearance, typically a quaver (eighth note), with an oblique stroke through the stem.


lexentry: eng/accident__Noun__1
written_rep: accident
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ДТП | ч. п. | ава́рия | катастро́фа | несча́стный слу́чай | несча́стье
sense_list:
An unexpected event with negative consequences occurring without the intention of the one suffering the consequences, and (in the strict sense) not directly caused by humans.


lexentry: eng/accident__Noun__1
written_rep: accident
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ДТП | ава́рия | доро́жно-тра́нспортное происше́ствие | столкнове́ние
sense_list:
(transportation) A collision or crash of a vehicle, aircraft, or other form of transportation that causes damage to the transportation involved; and sometimes injury or death to the transportation's occupants or bystanders in close proximity. (but see Usage notes)


lexentry: eng/accidental__Adjective__1
written_rep: accidental
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: неожи́данный | случа́йный
sense_list:
Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according to the usual course of things; by accident, unintentional. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/acclaim__Verb__1
written_rep: acclaim
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: аплоди́ровать | одобря́ть | приве́тствовать
sense_list:
(transitive, rare) To salute or praise with great approval; to compliment; to applaud; to welcome enthusiastically.


lexentry: eng/acclimatize__Verb__1
written_rep: acclimatize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: акклиматизи́ровать | акклиматизи́роваться
sense_list:
(transitive) To make used to a new climate or one that is different from that which is natural; to inure or habituate to other circumstances; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate.


lexentry: eng/acclivity__Noun__1
written_rep: acclivity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: подъём
sense_list:
(geomorphology) A slope or inclination of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as ascending, in opposition to declivity, or descending; an upward slope; ascent.


lexentry: eng/accolade__Noun__1
written_rep: accolade
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: аккола́да
sense_list:
(historical) A salutation marking the conferring of knighthood, consisting of an embrace or a kiss, and a slight blow on the shoulders with the flat of a sword. | (music) A brace used to join two or more staves.


lexentry: eng/accommodate__Verb__1
written_rep: accommodate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: подгоня́ть | подогна́ть | приспоса́бливать | приспосо́бить
sense_list:
(transitive) To show the correspondence of; to apply or make suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental circumstances, statements to facts, etc.


lexentry: eng/accommodation__Noun__1
written_rep: accommodation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жильё | жили́ще | расквартирова́ние
sense_list:
(chiefly, British, usually, a mass noun) Lodging in a dwelling or similar living quarters afforded to travellers in hotels or on cruise ships, or prisoners, etc. | (countable, uncountable) A convenience, a fitting, something satisfying a need.


lexentry: eng/accommodation__Noun__1
written_rep: accommodation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: согласова́ние
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable, followed by to) The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment.


lexentry: eng/accommodation_ladder__Noun__1
written_rep: accommodation ladder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: фалреп
sense_list:
(nautical) a flight of stairs or a ladder for lowering over the side of a ship for access to and from a small boat.


lexentry: eng/accompaniment__Noun__1
written_rep: accompaniment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сопровожде́ние | аккомпанеме́нт | аккомпанемент
sense_list:
(music) A part, usually performed by instruments, that gives support or adds to the background in music, or adds for ornamentation; also, the harmony of a figured bass.


lexentry: eng/accompaniment__Noun__1
written_rep: accompaniment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: сопровожде́ние | сопровождение
sense_list:
That which accompanies; something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of ornament, or for the sake of symmetry.


lexentry: eng/accompany__Verb__1
written_rep: accompany
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сопроводи́ть | сопровожда́ть | сопу́тствовать
sense_list:
(transitive) To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with.


lexentry: eng/accompany__Verb__1
written_rep: accompany
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: аккомпани́ровать | аккомпанировать
sense_list:
(intransitive, music) To perform an accompanying part or parts in a composition. | (transitive, music) To perform an accompanying part next to (another instrument or musician).


lexentry: eng/accomplice__Noun__1
written_rep: accomplice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клевре́т | поде́льник | поде́льница | посо́бник | посо́бница | приспе́шник
sense_list:
(legal) An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory.


lexentry: eng/accomplish__Verb__1
written_rep: accomplish
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: (transitive) To execute fully; to fulfill; to complete successfully.
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list:
[[довести́]] до [[конец|конца́]] | [[доводи́ть]] до [[конец|конца́]] | вы́полнить | выполня́ть | дости́гнуть | дости́чь


lexentry: eng/accomplish__Verb__1
written_rep: accomplish
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: заверша́ть | заверши́ть | осуществи́ть | осуществля́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, archaic) To equip or furnish thoroughly; hence, to complete in acquirements; to render accomplished; to polish.


lexentry: eng/accomplishment__Noun__1
written_rep: accomplishment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: заверше́ние
sense_list:
That which completes, perfects, or equips thoroughly; acquirement; attainment; that which constitutes excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education or training.


lexentry: eng/according_as__Adverb__1
written_rep: according as
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: согласно
sense_list:
Precisely as; the same as; just as; corresponding to the way in which. (Now often expressing accordance with two or more alternatives.) [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/accordion__Noun__1
written_rep: accordion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гармо́ника | аккордео́н | бая́н | гармо́нь
sense_list:
A box-shaped musical instrument with means of keys and buttons, whose tones are generated by play of the wind from a squeezed bellows upon free metallic reeds.


lexentry: eng/account__Noun__1
written_rep: account
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: счёт | отчёт | изложе́ние | объясне́ние | описа́ние | расска́з
sense_list:
(accounting) A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review. [from c. 1300]


lexentry: eng/account__Noun__1
written_rep: account
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: счёт | акка́унт | обоснова́ние | основа́ние | учётная за́пись
sense_list:
A statement in general of reasons, causes, grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; a reason of an action to be done.


lexentry: eng/account_for__Verb__1
written_rep: account for
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: выяснять
sense_list:
(transitive) To explain by relating circumstances; to show that some one, thing or members of a group are present or have been processed.


lexentry: eng/account_manager__Noun__1
written_rep: account manager
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: менеджер по работе с клиентами
sense_list:
(business) A person who is in charge of sales to one or more named customers or to a specified segment of the market, especially in B2B marketing; supposedly refers to a somewhat more responsible job than the term salesman.


lexentry: eng/accountability__Noun__1
written_rep: accountability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: компетентность | отве́тственность | отчётность | подотчётность
sense_list:
The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to render an account or give an explanation; liability to be held responsible or answerable for something.


lexentry: eng/accountability__Noun__1
written_rep: accountability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: компетентность
sense_list:
(military) The obligation imposed by law or regulation on an officer or other person for keeping accurate record of property, documents, or funds. The person having this obligation may or may not have actual possession of the property, documents, or funds. Accountability is concerned primarily with records, while responsibility is concerned primarily with custody, care, and safekeeping.


lexentry: eng/accountable__Adjective__1
written_rep: accountable
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: подотчётный
sense_list:
Obliged to keep accurate records (of property or funds). | Liable to be called on to render an account.


lexentry: eng/accountancy__Noun__1
written_rep: accountancy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бухга́лтерский учёт | бухгалте́рия | счетово́дство
sense_list:
(uncountable, British, NZ, often, _, Philippines, accounting) The function of compiling and providing financial information primarily by reports referred to as financial statements, including bookkeeping, systems design, analysis and interpretation of accounting information.


lexentry: eng/accountant__Noun__1
written_rep: accountant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: бухга́лтер | бухга́лтерша | счетово́д | счетово́дка
sense_list:
A reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s). | (accounting) One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts; an officer in a public office, who has charge of the accounts. | (accounting) One whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another. The records are usually, but not always, financial records.


lexentry: eng/accounting__Noun__1
written_rep: accounting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бухгалте́рия | счетово́дство
sense_list:
(business) The development and use of a system for recording and analyzing the financial transactions and financial status of an individual or a business.


lexentry: eng/accounts_payable__Noun__1
written_rep: accounts payable
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кредито́рская задо́лженность
sense_list:
The total amount of money that is owed by a customer to its suppliers of goods and services and is counted by the customer as a current unpaid debt.


lexentry: eng/accounts_receivable__Noun__2
written_rep: accounts receivable
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дебито́рская задо́лженность
sense_list:
(accounting) The total monetary amount owed to a financial entity due to debts arising from sales on credit or on account.


lexentry: eng/accredit__Verb__1
written_rep: accredit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: аккредитова́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To send with letters credential, as an ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a messenger or delegate.


lexentry: eng/accretion__Noun__1
written_rep: accretion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прираще́ние | приро́ст | увеличе́ние
sense_list:
(uncountable, also, figurative) Increase by natural growth, especially the gradual increase of organic bodies by the internal addition of matter; organic growth; also, the amount of such growth. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/accretion__Noun__1
written_rep: accretion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: нара́щивание
sense_list:
(uncountable) (Gradual) increase by an external addition of matter; (countable) an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/accretion__Noun__1
written_rep: accretion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: аккре́ция
sense_list:
(astrophysics) The formation of planets, stars, and other celestial bodies by the aggregating of matter drawn together by gravity; also, the growth of a celestial body through this process.


lexentry: eng/accretion__Noun__1
written_rep: accretion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: сраста́ние | сраще́ние
sense_list:
(uncountable) The process of separate particles aggregating or coalescing together; concretion; (countable) a thing formed in this manner.


lexentry: eng/accretion_disk__Noun__1
written_rep: accretion disk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аккрецио́нный диск
sense_list:
(astrophysics) A structure formed by matter falling into a gravitational source such as a galaxy, black hole, or protostar.


lexentry: eng/accrual__Noun__1
written_rep: accrual
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: накопле́ние
sense_list:
An increase; something that accumulates, especially an amount of money that periodically accumulates for a specific purpose


lexentry: eng/acculturation__Noun__1
written_rep: acculturation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: аккультурация
sense_list:
A process by which a person acquires the culture of the society that they inhabit, starting at birth.


lexentry: eng/accumulate__Verb__1
written_rep: accumulate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аккумули́ровать | копи́ть | нака́пливать | накопи́ть | собира́ть | собра́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together (either literally or figuratively)


lexentry: eng/accumulation__Noun__1
written_rep: accumulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: накопле́ние | аккумуляция
sense_list:
(finance) The action of investors buying an asset from other investors when the price of the asset is low.


lexentry: eng/accumulator__Noun__1
written_rep: accumulator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: колле́ктор
sense_list:
(mechanics) A system of elastic springs for relieving the strain upon a rope, as in deep-sea dredging.


lexentry: eng/accusative__Adjective__1
written_rep: accusative
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: вини́тельный | винительный падеж
sense_list:
(grammar) Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin, Lithuanian and Greek nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive verb has its limited influence. Other parts of speech, including secondary or predicate direct objects, will also influence a sentence’s construction. In German the case used for direct objects.


lexentry: eng/accuse__Verb__1
written_rep: accuse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обвиня́ть | вини́ть | обвини́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) to find fault with, blame, censure | (intransitive) to make an accusation against someone


lexentry: eng/accustom__Verb__1
written_rep: accustom
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: привы́кнуть | привыка́ть | приуча́ть | приучи́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, often, passive, or, reflexive, with to) To make familiar by use; to cause to accept; to habituate, familiarize, or inure.


lexentry: eng/accustomed__Adjective__1
written_rep: accustomed
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: привы́кший
sense_list:
Familiar with something through repeated experience; adapted to existing conditions. (of a person) | Familiar through use; usual; customary. (of a thing, condition, activity, etc.)


lexentry: eng/ace__Noun__1
written_rep: ace
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: туз | едини́ца
sense_list:
(card games) A playing card showing a single pip, typically the highest or lowest ranking card in a game.


lexentry: eng/ace__Noun__1
written_rep: ace
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 11
trans_list: ас | туз
sense_list:
(sometimes, _, attributive) An expert at something; a maverick, genius; a person of supreme talent. | A military aircraft pilot who is credited with shooting down many enemy aircraft, typically five or more.


lexentry: eng/acerbity__Noun__1
written_rep: acerbity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: горечь
sense_list:
Sourness of taste, with bitterness and astringency, like that of unripe fruit. | Harshness, bitterness, or severity


lexentry: eng/acetaldehyde__Noun__1
written_rep: acetaldehyde
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ацетальдегид
sense_list:
(organic compound) A colourless organic compound, CH3CHO, occurring widely in nature and being produced on a large scale in industry.


lexentry: eng/acetaminophen__Noun__1
written_rep: acetaminophen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: парацетамо́л
sense_list:
(North America) A white crystalline compound used in medicine as an anodyne to relieve pain and reduce fever.


lexentry: eng/acetic__Adjective__1
written_rep: acetic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: уксусный
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Of, pertaining to, or producing vinegar. | (organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to acetic acid or its derivatives.


lexentry: eng/acetic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: acetic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: у́ксусная кислота́ | уксусная кислота
sense_list:
(carboxylic acid, fatty acid) A clear colourless organic acid, CH3COOH, formed by the bacterial oxidation of ethanol through acetic fermentation; it is used as a solvent and has very many industrial applications; it is the major acidic component of vinegar.


lexentry: eng/acetophenone__Noun__1
written_rep: acetophenone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ацетофенон
sense_list:
(organic compound) The aromatic ketone phenyl methyl ketone, used in the manufacture of very many organic compounds


lexentry: eng/acetylation__Noun__1
written_rep: acetylation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ацетилирование
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) The reaction of a substance with acetic acid or one of its derivatives; the introduction of one or more acetyl groups into a substance.


lexentry: eng/acetylcholine__Noun__1
written_rep: acetylcholine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ацетилхолин
sense_list:
(neurotransmitter) A neurotransmitter in humans and other animals. It is an ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH3COOCH2CH2N+(CH3)3.


lexentry: eng/acetylcholinesterase__Noun__1
written_rep: acetylcholinesterase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ацетилхолинэстераза
sense_list:
(enzyme) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.


lexentry: eng/acetylenic__Adjective__1
written_rep: acetylenic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ацетиленовый
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to acetylene or its derivatives; having a carbon-to-carbon triple bond


lexentry: eng/ache__Verb__1
written_rep: ache
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: боле́ть
sense_list:
(intransitive, stative) To suffer pain; to be the source of, or be in, pain, especially continued dull pain; to be distressed.


lexentry: eng/acheiropoieton__Noun__1
written_rep: acheiropoieton
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Спас нерукотво́рный
sense_list:
(chiefly, Eastern Orthodoxy) A religion icon (chiefly of Christ or the Virgin Mary) believed not to have been created by human hands; a miraculous image.


lexentry: eng/achieve__Verb__1
written_rep: achieve
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: доби́ться | добива́ться | дости́гнуть | дости́чь | достига́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To obtain, or gain (a desired result, objective etc.), as the result of exertion; to succeed in gaining; to win. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/achromatopsia__Noun__1
written_rep: achromatopsia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ахроматопсия
sense_list:
Full or partial color blindness; the inability to distinguish colors due to the absence of cone cells in the eyes.


lexentry: eng/acid_rain__Noun__1
written_rep: acid rain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кисло́тный дождь
sense_list:
Rain which is unusually acidic (pH of less than the natural range of 5 to 6); caused mainly by atmospheric pollution with sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen compounds.


lexentry: eng/acidaemia__Noun__1
written_rep: acidaemia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ацидоз
sense_list:
(medicine) a medical condition marked by an abnormally high concentration of hydrogen ions in a person's blood


lexentry: eng/acidic__Adjective__1
written_rep: acidic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ки́слый | кисло́тный
sense_list:
(chemistry) Having a pH less than 7, or being sour, or having the strength to neutralize alkalis, or turning a litmus paper red. | Of or relating to acid; having the character of an acid.


lexentry: eng/acinus__Noun__1
written_rep: acinus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: аци́нус | гроздь
sense_list:
(anatomy) One of the granular masses which constitute a racemose or compound gland, as the pancreas; also, one of the saccular recesses in the lobules of a racemose gland.


lexentry: eng/acknowledge__Verb__1
written_rep: acknowledge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: подтверди́ть | подтвержда́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To own as genuine or valid; to assent to (a legal instrument) to give it validity; to avow or admit in legal form.


lexentry: eng/acme__Noun__1
written_rep: acme
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кульминация | пик
sense_list:
A high point: the highest point of any range, the most developed stage of any process, or the culmination of any field or historical period. [c. 1610]


lexentry: eng/acolyte__Noun__1
written_rep: acolyte
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аколит
sense_list:
(Christianity) One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic Church, being ordained to carry the wine, water and lights at Mass. | An attendant, assistant or follower.


lexentry: eng/aconite__Noun__1
written_rep: aconite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акони́т | боре́ц
sense_list:
The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; any plant of the genus Aconitum, all the species of which are poisonous.


lexentry: eng/acorn__Noun__1
written_rep: acorn
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: жёлудь
sense_list:
(nautical) A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast-head.


lexentry: eng/acorn_woodpecker__Noun__1
written_rep: acorn woodpecker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: желудёвый дя́тел | муравьи́ный дя́тел | муравьи́ный мелане́рпес
sense_list:
A species of woodpecker native to the area from the southwestern United States to Colombia, Melanerpes formicivorus.


lexentry: eng/acoustic__Adjective__1
written_rep: acoustic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акусти́ческий | акустический
sense_list:
Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds. | (music, musical instrument) Naturally producing or produced by an instrument without electrical amplification or the need thereof.


lexentry: eng/acoustic__Noun__1
written_rep: acoustic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аку́стика
sense_list:
(usually, in the plural) The properties or qualities of a room or building that determine how sound is transmitted in it.


lexentry: eng/acqua_alta__Noun__1
written_rep: acqua alta
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: наводне́ние | наводне́ние в Вене́ции
sense_list:
A phenomenon that regularly occurs in the city of Venice, Italy, typically during high and spring tide, involving the flooding of the most low-lying areas of Venice.


lexentry: eng/acquaint__Verb__1
written_rep: acquaint
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ознакомить
sense_list:
(transitive, followed by with) To furnish or give experimental knowledge of; to make (one) know; to make familiar.


lexentry: eng/acquaintance__Noun__1
written_rep: acquaintance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: знако́мство
sense_list:
(uncountable) A state of being acquainted with a person; originally indicating friendship, intimacy, but now suggesting a slight knowledge less deep than that of friendship; acquaintanceship. [from 12th c.]


lexentry: eng/acquiesce__Verb__1
written_rep: acquiesce
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: соглаша́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive, with in (or sometimes with, to)) To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without opposition and discontent (usually implying previous opposition or discontent); to accept or consent by silence or by omitting to object.


lexentry: eng/acquiescence__Noun__1
written_rep: acquiescence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[молчаливый|молчали́вое]] [[согла́сие]]
sense_list:
A silent or passive assent or submission, or a submission with apparent consent, distinguished from avowed consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or open discontent; quiet satisfaction.


lexentry: eng/acquired_immune_deficiency_syndrome__Noun__1
written_rep: acquired immune deficiency syndrome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: синдро́м приобретённого иммунодефици́та
sense_list:
(disease) An infectious disease, caused by HIV, that causes the gradual degeneration of the body's immune system.


lexentry: eng/acquired_taste__Noun__1
written_rep: acquired taste
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: особый
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Something that is appreciated only after having initially been regarded as unappealing or unpleasant; a person who is regarded as difficult or dislikable but of whom at least some have grown to approve.


lexentry: eng/acquit__Verb__1
written_rep: acquit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: освободи́ть | освобожда́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To discharge (for example, a claim or debt); to clear off, to pay off; to fulfil. | (transitive, obsolete) To release, to rescue, to set free.


lexentry: eng/acquit__Verb__1
written_rep: acquit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: вы́платить | выпла́чивать
sense_list:
(transitive) to discharge, release, or set free from a burden, duty, liability, or obligation, or from an accusation or charge. [with of or (formerly) from]


lexentry: eng/acquittal__Noun__1
written_rep: acquittal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: оправда́ние
sense_list:
(legal) A legal decision that someone is not guilty with which they have been charged, or the formal dismissal of a charge by some other legal process. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/acquittal__Noun__1
written_rep: acquittal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: освобожде́ние
sense_list:
(historical) The act of releasing someone from debt or other obligation; acquittance. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/acrimonious__Adjective__1
written_rep: acrimonious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: же́лчный | язви́тельный
sense_list:
(figuratively) Angry, acid, and sharp in delivering argumentative replies: bitter, mean-spirited, sharp in language or tone. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/acritarch__Noun__1
written_rep: acritarch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акрита́рха
sense_list:
(paleontology, palynology) Any small, non-acid-soluble (i.e. non-carbonate, non-siliceous) organic fossil that cannot be classified.


lexentry: eng/acrobat__Noun__1
written_rep: acrobat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акроба́т | акроба́тка | акробат
sense_list:
An athlete who performs acts requiring skill, agility and coordination, often as part of a circus performance.


lexentry: eng/acrobatic_gymnastics__Noun__1
written_rep: acrobatic gymnastics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: спорти́вная акроба́тика
sense_list:
A competitive gymnastic discipline where partnerships of gymnasts work together and perform figures consisting of acrobatic moves, dance and tumbling, set to music.


lexentry: eng/acrolein__Noun__1
written_rep: acrolein
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акролеин
sense_list:
(organic compound) A pungent, acrid, poisonous liquid aldehyde, CH2=CH-CH=O, made by the destructive distillation of glycerol.


lexentry: eng/acromegaly__Noun__1
written_rep: acromegaly
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акромега́лия | акромегалия
sense_list:
(disease) A chronic disease marked by enlargement of the bones of the extremities, face, and jaw that is caused by over-activity of the pituitary gland.


lexentry: eng/acropolis__Noun__1
written_rep: acropolis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акрополь
sense_list:
A promontory (usually fortified with a citadel) forming the hub of many Grecian cities, and around which many were built for defensive purposes before and during the classical period; compare Acropolis.


lexentry: eng/across__Preposition__1
written_rep: across
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: че́рез | на [[друго́й]] [[сторона|стороне́]] | напро́тив | поперёк
sense_list:
(Southern US, AAVE) across from: on the opposite side, relative to something that lies between, from (a point of interest).


lexentry: eng/acrostic__Noun__1
written_rep: acrostic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акрости́х | акростих
sense_list:
A poem or other text in which certain letters, often the first in each line, spell out a name or message. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/acroterium__Noun__1
written_rep: acroterium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акротерий
sense_list:
(architecture) One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments, placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment, or upon the gables in Gothic architecture.


lexentry: eng/acrow_prop__Noun__1
written_rep: acrow prop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: штаг
sense_list:
An adjustable-height steel support used in the construction industry, typically to temporarily support structures while work is carried out.


lexentry: eng/acrylamide__Noun__1
written_rep: acrylamide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акрилами́д
sense_list:
(organic compound) The amide of acrylic acid, CH2=CH.CONH2; used in the manufacture of polyacrylamides.


lexentry: eng/acrylic_resin__Noun__1
written_rep: acrylic resin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акри́ловая пластма́сса | акри́ловая смола́
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any of many thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of these acids, or acrylonitrile; used in paint and many plastics.


lexentry: eng/act__Verb__1
written_rep: act
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: вести | поступа́ть | поступи́ть
sense_list:
(intransitive) To behave in a certain manner for an indefinite length of time. | (intransitive, law) To carry out work as a legal representative in relation to a particular legal matter.


lexentry: eng/act__Verb__1
written_rep: act
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 12
trans_list: игра́ть | вести | исполня́ть | поступа́ть | поступи́ть
sense_list:
(intransitive, mathematics, construed with on or upon, of an algebraic structure) To possess an action onto (some other structure). Examples include the group action of a group on a set, the action of a ring on a module by scalar multiplication, and the action of a group or algebra on a vector space via a representation.


lexentry: eng/act_of_parliament__Noun__1
written_rep: act of parliament
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вершина
sense_list:
A law which has received assent (royal, presidential or gubernatorial) after having been passed by the houses (or house) of a parliament.


lexentry: eng/actin__Noun__1
written_rep: actin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: актин
sense_list:
(protein, uncountable) A globular structural protein that polymerizes in a helical fashion to form an actin filament (or microfilament).


lexentry: eng/acting__Adjective__1
written_rep: acting
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ври́о | и.о. | исполня́ющий обя́занности
sense_list:
Temporarily assuming the duties or authority of another person when they are unable to do their job.


lexentry: eng/actinide__Noun__1
written_rep: actinide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: актиноиды
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any of the 15 radioactive elements of the periodic table from actinium to lawrencium that are positioned under the lanthanides, to which they have similar chemistry.


lexentry: eng/actinium__Noun__1
written_rep: actinium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: актиний | акти́ний
sense_list:
A radioactive, metallic chemical element (symbol: Ac) with an atomic number of 89; found in uranium ores.


lexentry: eng/actinolite__Noun__1
written_rep: actinolite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: актинолит
sense_list:
(mineral) A mineral with monoclinic crystals of the chemical formula Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2, belonging to the amphibole group.


lexentry: eng/actinometer__Noun__1
written_rep: actinometer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: актино́метр
sense_list:
(physics) A device used to measure the heating power of electromagnetic radiation, especially that of solar radiation.


lexentry: eng/action__Noun__1
written_rep: action
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: де́йствие | возде́йствие | движе́ние
sense_list:
A way of motion or functioning. | (literature) The event or connected series of events, either real or imaginary, forming the subject of a play, poem, or other composition; the unfolding of the drama of events.


lexentry: eng/action__Noun__1
written_rep: action
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 11
trans_list: де́йствие | а́кция | акт | возде́йствие | движе́ние | дея́ние
sense_list:
(mathematics) A way in which each element of some algebraic structure transforms some other structure or set, in a way which respects the structure of the first. Formally, this may be seen as a morphism from the first structure into some structure of endomorphisms of the second; for example, a group action of a group G on a set S can be seen as a group homomorphism from G into the set of bijections on S (which form a group under function composition), while a module M over a ring R can be defined as an abelian group together with a ring homomorphism from R into the ring of group endomorphisms of M (which is also called the action of R on M).


lexentry: eng/action_movie__Noun__1
written_rep: action movie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[приключе́нческий]] фильм | боеви́к | экшн
sense_list:
A motion picture whose storyline involves fast-paced activity and conflict, usually including such elements as a heroic protagonist, violent fights, acrobatic stunts, chase scenes, and gunplay.


lexentry: eng/action_potential__Noun__1
written_rep: action potential
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: и́мпульс
sense_list:
(physiology) A short-term change in the electrical potential that travels along a cell such as a nerve or muscle fiber. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/action_replay__Noun__1
written_rep: action replay
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: повтор
sense_list:
In TV broadcasting, the reshowing of a short segment of action, especially slow-motion sporting action, shortly after it was broadcast live or in real-time.


lexentry: eng/activate__Verb__1
written_rep: activate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
sense_list:
(transitive) To put a device, mechanism (alarm etc.) or system into action or motion; to trigger, to actuate, to set off, to enable.

trans_list:
[[привести́]] в [[де́йствие]] | [[приводи́ть]] в [[де́йствие]] | активи́ровать | активизи́ровать | включа́ть | включи́ть


lexentry: eng/activated_carbon__Noun__1
written_rep: activated carbon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: активи́рованный у́голь
sense_list:
A very absorbent form of finely powdered carbon; used in purifying gases, and as an antidote for many poisons.


lexentry: eng/activator__Noun__1
written_rep: activator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: актива́тор | ускори́тель
sense_list:
(biology) Any chemical or agent which regulates one or more genes by increasing the rate of transcription.


lexentry: eng/active__Adjective__1
written_rep: active
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акти́вный | де́ятельный | активный
sense_list:
Having the power or quality of acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting;—opposed to passive, that receives.


lexentry: eng/active_ingredient__Noun__1
written_rep: active ingredient
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: действующее вещество
sense_list:
(pharmacology) The specific compound in a natural or man-made mixture that is responsible for the mixture's activity.


lexentry: eng/active_participle__Noun__1
written_rep: active participle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: действи́тельное прича́стие
sense_list:
(grammar) A participle indicating an ongoing or completed action or state in the active voice, where a noun modified by the participle is taken to represent the agent of the action denoted by the verb.


lexentry: eng/active_volcano__Noun__1
written_rep: active volcano
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: де́йствующий вулка́н | огнеды́шащий вулка́н
sense_list:
(vulcanology, geology) A volcano that has erupted in the last 10,000 years, although not necessarily venting lava or gases now.


lexentry: eng/activism__Noun__1
written_rep: activism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акти́вность | активи́зм
sense_list:
The practice of using action to achieve a result, such as political demonstration or a strike in support of or in opposition to an issue.


lexentry: eng/activity__Noun__1
written_rep: activity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: де́йствие | де́ло | заня́тие | мероприя́тие
sense_list:
(countable) Something done for pleasure or entertainment, especially one involving movement or an excursion.


lexentry: eng/actor__Noun__1
written_rep: actor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: актёр | а́ктор | актри́са | арти́ст | арти́стка | де́ятель
sense_list:
A person who acts a part in a theatrical play or (later) in film or television; a dramatic performer. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/actual__Adjective__1
written_rep: actual
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: реа́льный | действи́тельный | и́стинный | настоя́щий | по́длинный | факти́ческий
sense_list:
Existing in reality, not just potentially; really acted or acting; occurring in fact. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/actuarial_science__Noun__1
written_rep: actuarial science
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: актуа́рная нау́ка
sense_list:
(applied mathematics, insurance, finance) The discipline within applied mathematics dealing with risk assessment and the modelling of uncertainty; the rigorous application of mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk, in industries including insurance and finance.


lexentry: eng/actuary__Noun__1
written_rep: actuary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: актуа́рий | актуарий
sense_list:
A professional who calculates financial values associated with uncertain events subject to risk, such as insurance premiums or pension contributions.


lexentry: eng/actus_reus__Noun__1
written_rep: actus reus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: правонаруше́ние | противопра́вное де́йствие
sense_list:
(legal) An act, or series of acts, considered as separate from the intentions or state of mind of the perpetrator in the context of criminal law. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/acumen__Noun__1
written_rep: acumen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прозорли́вость | проница́тельность | сообрази́тельность
sense_list:
Quickness of perception or discernment; penetration of mind; the faculty of nice discrimination; acuity of mind.


lexentry: eng/acupressure__Noun__1
written_rep: acupressure
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акупрессу́ра
sense_list:
(uncountable) An alternative medicine technique, derived from acupuncture, in which physical pressure is applied to acupoints.


lexentry: eng/acupuncture__Noun__1
written_rep: acupuncture
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акупункту́ра | иглоука́лывание | ѝглорефлѐксотерапи́я | ѝглотерапи́я
sense_list:
The insertion of needles into the (living) tissue of the body affecting the Qi or energy along energetic pathways of the body called meridians. This modality is traditionally used as a form of internal medical treating all disease and illnesses, in Western countries it is widely used for the purposes of pain relief.


lexentry: eng/acute__Adjective__1
written_rep: acute
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: о́стрый
sense_list:
(geometry, of an angle) Less than 90 degrees. | (geometry, of a triangle) Having all three interior angles measuring less than 90 degrees. | (medicine) Of a short-lived condition, in contrast to a chronic condition; this sense also does not imply severity.


lexentry: eng/acute__Adjective__1
written_rep: acute
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: о́стрый | острый
sense_list:
(medicine) Of an abnormal condition of recent or sudden onset, in contrast to delayed onset; this sense does not imply severity, unlike the common usage.


lexentry: eng/acute_accent__Noun__1
written_rep: acute accent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аку́т | о́строе ударе́ние | окси́я
sense_list:
(orthography) : A diacritical mark ( ´ ) that can be placed above a number of letters in many languages of the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic writing systems.


lexentry: eng/adamant__Noun__1
written_rep: adamant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адамант
sense_list:
An imaginary rock or mineral of impenetrable hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substances of extreme hardness.


lexentry: eng/adapt__Verb__1
written_rep: adapt
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: (transitive) To make suitable; to make to correspond; to fit or suit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
адапти́роваться | приспоса́бливать | приспоса́бливаться | приспосо́биться | адапти́ровать | подгоня́ть


lexentry: eng/adapt__Verb__1
written_rep: adapt
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: адаптировать
sense_list:
(transitive) To fit by alteration; to modify or remodel for a different purpose; to adjust | (transitive) To make by altering or fitting something else; to produce by change of form or character


lexentry: eng/adaptability__Noun__1
written_rep: adaptability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адапти́вность | приспособля́емость
sense_list:
The quality of being adaptable; a quality that renders adaptable. | (biology) Variability in respect to, or under the influence of, external conditions; susceptibility of an organism to that variation whereby it becomes suited to or fitted for its conditions of environment; the capacity of an organism to be modified by circumstances.


lexentry: eng/adapter__Noun__1
written_rep: adapter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ада́птер | переходни́к
sense_list:
Specifically, a device that allows one format of plug to be used with a different format of socket. | Specifically, an AC adapter: a device that reduces voltage and converts AC to DC to allow a battery-powered device to use mains power.


lexentry: eng/adapter__Noun__1
written_rep: adapter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: переходни́к
sense_list:
Specifically, a device that permits two or more plugs to be used at a single electrical power point.


lexentry: eng/adaptogen__Noun__1
written_rep: adaptogen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адаптоген
sense_list:
(alternative medicine) Any natural herbal substance, such as ginseng, that is purported to assist the body to adapt to stress, and to exert a normalizing effect upon body functions.


lexentry: eng/adaptometer__Noun__1
written_rep: adaptometer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адаптометр
sense_list:
An optometric instrument that measures the minimum threshold of brightness that can be detected or how well the human eye can adapt to a recently darkened environment.


lexentry: eng/add-on__Noun__1
written_rep: add-on
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: аддо́н | програ́мма-дополне́ние
sense_list:
(computer hardware, software) A software extension or hardware peripheral that provides additional functions or customization for a core application or system.


lexentry: eng/add__Verb__1
written_rep: add
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: добавля́ть | доба́вить
sense_list:
(transitive) To append (e.g. a statement); to say further information; to add on. | (intransitive) To intensify; to augment; to increase; to add on.


lexentry: eng/add_insult_to_injury__Verb__1
written_rep: add insult to injury
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сы́пать соль на ра́ну
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To further a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an already unfavourable situation.


lexentry: eng/addax__Noun__1
written_rep: addax
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́ддакс | антило́па ме́ндес
sense_list:
A large African antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) with long, corkscrewing horns which lives in the desert. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/addend__Noun__1
written_rep: addend
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: слага́емое | второ́е слага́емое
sense_list:
(mathematics) Addendum, any one of two or more numbers or other terms that are to be added together.


lexentry: eng/adder's_tongue__Noun__1
written_rep: adder's tongue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ужо́вник
sense_list:
Any of several ferns in the genus Ophioglossum, whose spores are produced on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue.


lexentry: eng/adder__Noun__1
written_rep: adder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: гадю́ка
sense_list:
Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen, the northern copperhead, a venomous viper found in the eastern United States | The common European adder (Vipera berus).


lexentry: eng/adder_stone__Noun__1
written_rep: adder stone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кури́ный бог
sense_list:
A stone of varying forms and usually glassy with a naturally formed hole, which is often used as an amulet or bead.


lexentry: eng/addict__Verb__1
written_rep: addict
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: пристрастить | стать зависимым
sense_list:
(transitive) To make (someone) become devoted to a given thing or activity; to cause to be addicted. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/additive__Noun__1
written_rep: additive
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: доба́вка | добавле́ние | дополне́ние | присадка
sense_list:
A substance added to another substance or product to produce specific properties in the combined substance.


lexentry: eng/address__Noun__1
written_rep: address
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́дрес | адрес
sense_list:
A description of the location of a property, usually with at least a street name and number, name of a town, and now also a postal code; such a description as superscribed for direction on an envelope or letter. [from 17th c.] | (computing) A number identifying a specific storage location in computer memory; a string of characters identifying a location on the internet or other network; sometimes (specifically) an e-mail address. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/address__Noun__1
written_rep: address
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обраще́ние
sense_list:
An act of addressing oneself to a person or group; a discourse or speech, or a record of this. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/address__Noun__1
written_rep: address
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: уха́живание
sense_list:
(chiefly, in plural, now, archaic) A polite approach made to another person, especially of a romantic nature; an amorous advance. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/address__Verb__1
written_rep: address
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: адресова́ть | обрати́ться | обраща́ться | уха́живать
sense_list:
(transitive) To direct speech to; to make a communication to, whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech, petition, etc., to speak to.


lexentry: eng/address_bar__Noun__1
written_rep: address bar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́дресная строка́
sense_list:
(computing, graphical user interface) A bar in a web browser that displays the address (uniform resource identifier) of the page or resource being displayed.


lexentry: eng/addressee__Noun__1
written_rep: addressee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адреса́т | адреса́тка | обраще́ние | получа́тель | получа́тельница
sense_list:
The person or organization to which something, such as a letter or message, is addressed or sent, for whom the item is intended.


lexentry: eng/adduce__Verb__1
written_rep: adduce
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: представля́ть | приводи́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To bring forward or offer, as an argument, passage, or consideration which bears on a statement or case; to cite; to allege.


lexentry: eng/adduction__Noun__1
written_rep: adduction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адду́кция | приведе́ние
sense_list:
The act of adducing or bringing forward. | (anatomy) The action by which the parts of the body are drawn towards its axis


lexentry: eng/adductor__Noun__1
written_rep: adductor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: приводя́щая мы́шца
sense_list:
(anatomy) A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body; -- opposed to abductor.


lexentry: eng/adenine__Noun__1
written_rep: adenine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адени́н | аденин
sense_list:
(biochemistry, genetics) A base, C5H5N5, found in certain glands and tissues, which pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA.


lexentry: eng/adenoid__Noun__1
written_rep: adenoid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адено́ид
sense_list:
(symptom) an abnormally enlarged mass of lymphatic tissue at the back of the pharynx, often obstructing the nasal and ear passages and hindering speaking and breathing in young children.


lexentry: eng/adenosine__Noun__1
written_rep: adenosine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аденозин
sense_list:
(biochemistry, genetics, organic compound) A nucleoside derived from adenine and ribose, found in striated muscle tissue. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/adenosine_triphosphate__Noun__1
written_rep: adenosine triphosphate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аденозинтрифосфа́т | аденозинтрифосфат
sense_list:
(biochemistry, neurotransmitter) a nucleotide that is used as a source of energy in cellular reactions, in the synthesis of nucleic acids, and as a neurotransmitter recognised by purinergic receptors


lexentry: eng/adenovirus__Noun__1
written_rep: adenovirus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аденовирус
sense_list:
(medicine) Any virus of the family Adenoviridae, many of which are responsible for respiratory infections in humans


lexentry: eng/adessive_case__Noun__1
written_rep: adessive case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адесси́в
sense_list:
(grammar) A noun case used to indicate adjacent location. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositions near, at, or by, as in "by the house." Languages that use the adessive case include Finnish, Hungarian, Estonian, Lezgi and Lithuanian.


lexentry: eng/adhan__Noun__1
written_rep: adhan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аза́н
sense_list:
(Islam) The call to prayer, which consisted originally of simply four takbirs followed by the statement (أَشْهَدُ أَنْ) لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا ٱلله.


lexentry: eng/adhesion__Noun__1
written_rep: adhesion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: рубе́ц | спа́йка
sense_list:
(medicine) An abnormal union of surface by the formation of new tissue resulting from an inflammatory process.


lexentry: eng/adhesive_capsulitis__Noun__1
written_rep: adhesive capsulitis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адгези́вный капсули́т
sense_list:
(pathology) A disorder in which the shoulder capsule, the connective tissue surrounding the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder, becomes inflamed and stiff, greatly restricting motion and causing chronic pain.


lexentry: eng/adhocracy__Noun__1
written_rep: adhocracy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адхокра́тия | эдхокра́тия
sense_list:
(business, organizational theory) An organizational system designed to be flexible and responsive to the needs of the moment rather than excessively bureaucratic. [from 1964.]


lexentry: eng/adiabat__Noun__1
written_rep: adiabat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адиабата
sense_list:
(physics) The curve on a graph of pressure and temperature which gives the adiabatic heating or cooling of a gas.


lexentry: eng/adiabatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: adiabatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адиабати́ческий | адиабатический
sense_list:
(physics, thermodynamics, of a process) That occurs without gain or loss of heat (and thus with no change in entropy, in the quasistatic approximation).


lexentry: eng/adicity__Noun__1
written_rep: adicity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: арность
sense_list:
(logic, mathematics, computer science) The number of arguments or operands a function or operation takes. For a relation, the number of domains in the corresponding Cartesian product.


lexentry: eng/adipic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: adipic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адипи́новая кислота́
sense_list:
(carboxylic acid) A white crystalline dicarboxylic acid, C4H8(COOH)2; it has many industrial applications; when condensed with hexamethylene diamine it produces nylon.


lexentry: eng/adipocere__Noun__1
written_rep: adipocere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адипоцир | жировоск
sense_list:
A brown, fatty, waxy substance (fatty acids) that forms on dead animal tissues in response to hydrolysis


lexentry: eng/adipose_fin__Noun__1
written_rep: adipose fin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жирово́й плавни́к
sense_list:
(ichthyology) A soft, fleshy fin located behind the dorsal fin and just forward of the caudal fin, found fish of certain families, believed to have some sensory function.


lexentry: eng/adit__Noun__1
written_rep: adit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тонне́ль | тунне́ль | што́льня
sense_list:
A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage from the surface into a mine, as contrasted with a shaft or vertical entry passage. An adit may be used for ventilation, haulage, drainage, or other purposes.


lexentry: eng/adjika__Noun__1
written_rep: adjika
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аджи́ка
sense_list:
A hot, spicy but subtly flavoured paste often used to flavour food, mainly in the Caucasian regions of Abkhazia and Samegrelo.


lexentry: eng/adjourn__Verb__1
written_rep: adjourn
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: откла́дывать | отсро́чивать | отложи́ть | отсро́чить | оття́гивать | оттяну́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To postpone. | (intransitive, formal, uncommon) To move as a group from one place to another.


lexentry: eng/adjustment__Noun__1
written_rep: adjustment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: адапта́ция
sense_list:
The behavioural process of balancing conflicting needs, or needs against obstacles in the environment.


lexentry: eng/adjutant__Noun__1
written_rep: adjutant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адъюта́нт | адъютант
sense_list:
(military rank) A lower-ranking officer who assists a higher-ranking officer with administrative affairs.


lexentry: eng/adjutant__Noun__1
written_rep: adjutant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: марабу́
sense_list:
(zoology) Any bird of the genus Leptoptilos, a branch of the stork family (Ciconiidae) native to India and Southeast Asia.


lexentry: eng/admin__Noun__1
written_rep: admin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: сисадми́н
sense_list:
(countable, informal, computing) A systems administrator (one who maintains a computer system or network).


lexentry: eng/administer__Verb__1
written_rep: administer
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: управля́ть | руководи́ть | администри́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive) To manage or supervise the conduct, performance or execution of; to govern or regulate the parameters for the conduct, performance or execution of; to work in an administrative capacity.


lexentry: eng/administer__Verb__1
written_rep: administer
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: назна́чить | назнача́ть | пропи́сывать | прописа́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, medicine) To cause (a patient, human or animal) to ingest (a drug), either by openly offering or through deceit.


lexentry: eng/administration__Noun__1
written_rep: administration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: администра́ция | управле́ние | отправле́ние | примене́ние | руково́дство
sense_list:
(uncountable) The act of administering; government of public affairs; the service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the conducting of any office or employment; direction.


lexentry: eng/administration__Noun__1
written_rep: administration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: администра́ция | отправле́ние | примене́ние
sense_list:
(countable, government, politics) The executive part of government; the persons collectively who are entrusted with the execution of laws and the superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in Great Britain.


lexentry: eng/administrator__Noun__1
written_rep: administrator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
One who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager

trans_list:
управля́ющий | администра́тор | распоряди́тель | распоряди́тельница | руководи́тель | руководи́тельница


lexentry: eng/administrator__Noun__1
written_rep: administrator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: душеприка́зчик | опеку́н
sense_list:
(legal) A person who manages or settles the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has been committed by competent authority


lexentry: eng/administrator__Noun__1
written_rep: administrator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: администратор
sense_list:
(computing) One who is responsible for software installation, management, information and maintenance of a computer or network


lexentry: eng/admiral__Noun__1
written_rep: admiral
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: адмира́л | адмирал
sense_list:
(military) The appointed commander of a navy, regardless of formal title. [1440] | (military) A high rank in the British and American Navies, NATO grade OF-9, equivalent ranks in other navies, in coast guards, etc. | (zoology) Any of several species of nymphalid butterflies of the genera Kaniska, Limenitis and Vanessa. [1799]


lexentry: eng/admiralty_law__Noun__1
written_rep: admiralty law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адмиралте́йское пра́во | морско́е пра́во
sense_list:
(legal) The area of law that deals with ships at sea and the rights of sailors, passengers, and owners of cargo.


lexentry: eng/admission__Noun__1
written_rep: admission
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: призна́ние
sense_list:
(legal) Acquiescence or concurrence in a statement made by another, and distinguishable from a confession in that an admission presupposes prior inquiry by another, but a confession may be made without such inquiry. | A fact, point, or statement admitted; as, admission made out of court are received in evidence


lexentry: eng/admit__Verb__1
written_rep: admit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: допуска́ть | впуска́ть | впусти́ть | допусти́ть | принима́ть | приня́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To allow to enter; to grant entrance (to), whether into a place, into the mind, or into consideration


lexentry: eng/admit__Verb__1
written_rep: admit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: допуска́ть | допусти́ть | позво́лить | позволя́ть | разреша́ть | разреши́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To allow (someone) to enter a profession or to enjoy a privilege; to recognize as qualified for a franchise.


lexentry: eng/admit__Verb__1
written_rep: admit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: допуска́ть | допусти́ть | призна́ть | признава́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to, as an allegation which it is impossible to deny (+ to).


lexentry: eng/admit__Verb__1
written_rep: admit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: допуска́ть | допусти́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To be capable of; to permit. In this sense, "of" may be used after the verb, or may be omitted.


lexentry: eng/admonish__Verb__1
written_rep: admonish
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: предостере́чь | предостерега́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, with of or against) To advise against wrongdoing; to caution; to warn against danger or an offense.


lexentry: eng/adoption__Noun__1
written_rep: adoption
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: усыновле́ние | адо́пция | удочере́ние
sense_list:
The state of being adopted; the acceptance of a child of other parents as if he or she were one's own child.


lexentry: eng/adposition__Noun__1
written_rep: adposition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: послело́г | предло́г
sense_list:
(grammar) An element that combines syntactically with a phrase and indicates how that phrase should be interpreted in the surrounding context; a preposition or postposition.


lexentry: eng/adrenal_gland__Noun__1
written_rep: adrenal gland
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: надпо́чечник
sense_list:
(anatomy) In mammals, either of a pair of complex endocrine glands, situated above each kidney, secreting hormones which control the heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism.


lexentry: eng/adrenalectomy__Noun__1
written_rep: adrenalectomy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адреналэктоми́я
sense_list:
(surgery) The removal of one or both adrenal glands, usually advised for patients with tumours in those glands.


lexentry: eng/adrenaline_junkie__Noun__1
written_rep: adrenaline junkie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адренали́новый наркома́н
sense_list:
(colloquial) One who is seemingly addicted to the sensation of exhilaration associated with risky behaviors or exciting situations, and who actively seeks such opportunities.


lexentry: eng/adsorption__Noun__1
written_rep: adsorption
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адсо́рбция | адсорбция
sense_list:
The adhesion of a liquid or gas on the surface of a solid material, forming a thin film on the surface.


lexentry: eng/adstratum__Noun__1
written_rep: adstratum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адстра́т
sense_list:
(linguistics) Any language having elements that are responsible for change in neighbouring languages


lexentry: eng/adularia__Noun__1
written_rep: adularia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адуляр
sense_list:
(mineral) A variety of orthoclase feldspar found as colorless to white prismatic crystals in cavities in metamorphic rocks. Some specimens reflect a bluish sheen along crystal faces. This phenomenon is called adularescence, and adularia with this property is called moonstone. (See sanidine).


lexentry: eng/adult__Adjective__1
written_rep: adult
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: для [[взрослый|взро́слых]]
sense_list:
(of a beverage) Containing alcohol, intended for consumption only by adults. | (of a cookie, gummy, etc.) Containing marijuana, intended for consumption only by adults. | Containing excessive vulgar or profane speech, text or images, intended only for adults.


lexentry: eng/adultery__Noun__1
written_rep: adultery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прелюбодея́ние | адюльте́р | супру́жеская изме́на | супру́жеская неве́рность
sense_list:
(narrowly) Sexual intercourse by a married person with someone other than their spouse. See more synonyms at Thesaurus:cuckoldry


lexentry: eng/adultery__Noun__1
written_rep: adultery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: прелюбодея́ние
sense_list:
(biblical, broadly) Lewdness or unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the sixth/seventh commandment; sinful sexual behavior as a category.


lexentry: eng/adulthood__Noun__1
written_rep: adulthood
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: взро́слость | зре́лость | совершенноле́тие
sense_list:
The time period of a human being's majority; the time during which a human being has reached physical maturity, and ending with its death.


lexentry: eng/adumbration__Noun__1
written_rep: adumbration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: аннотация
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable, figuratively) A rough or symbolic representation; a vague indication of what is to come, a foreshadowing.


lexentry: eng/advance__Verb__1
written_rep: advance
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: аванси́ровать
sense_list:
To provide (money or other value) before it is due, or in expectation of some work; to lend. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/advance_guard__Noun__1
written_rep: advance guard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аванга́рд
sense_list:
A unit or units leading the way of advancing or marching troops, guarding them from ambushes, reconnoitering and pursuing the enemy, etc.


lexentry: eng/advance_payment__Noun__1
written_rep: advance payment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предопла́та | ава́нс | зада́ток
sense_list:
The part of a contractually due sum that is paid or received in advance for a good, service or social security payment.


lexentry: eng/advantage__Noun__1
written_rep: advantage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: преиму́щество | вы́года
sense_list:
(countable) Any condition, circumstance, opportunity or means, particularly favorable or chance to success, or to any desired end.


lexentry: eng/advantage__Noun__1
written_rep: advantage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: превосхо́дство
sense_list:
(obsolete) Superiority; mastery; — used with of to specify its nature or with over to specify the other party.


lexentry: eng/advection__Noun__1
written_rep: advection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адве́кция
sense_list:
(meteorology, earth science, physical chemistry) The horizontal movement of a body of atmosphere (or other fluid) along with a concurrent transport of its temperature, humidity etc.


lexentry: eng/advection_fog__Noun__1
written_rep: advection fog
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адвективный туман
sense_list:
(physics, meteorology) A type of fog caused by the passage of moist air horizontally over a relatively colder surface and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dew point.


lexentry: eng/adventure__Noun__1
written_rep: adventure
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: приключе́ние | авантю́ра | похожде́ние | приключение
sense_list:
A daring feat; a bold undertaking, in which dangers are likely to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; the encountering of risks.


lexentry: eng/adventure__Noun__1
written_rep: adventure
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: авантю́ра | приключение
sense_list:
A mercantile or speculative enterprise of hazard; a venture; a shipment by a merchant on his own account.


lexentry: eng/adventure_game__Noun__1
written_rep: adventure game
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квест
sense_list:
(video games) A computer or video game of the genre characterized by investigation, exploration, puzzle-solving, interaction with game characters, and a focus on narrative rather than reflex-based challenges.


lexentry: eng/adventurer__Noun__1
written_rep: adventurer
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: One who enjoys adventures.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
[[иска́тель]] [[приключение|приключе́ний]] | [[иска́тельница]] [[приключение|приключе́ний]] | авантюри́ст | авантюри́стка


lexentry: eng/adventurism__Noun__1
written_rep: adventurism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: авантюри́зм | авантюризм
sense_list:
(politics) The taking of excessive risks by a government in their political, economic or foreign affairs. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/adventurous__Adjective__1
written_rep: adventurous
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: авантюристи́чный | авантю́рный | риско́ванный
sense_list:
(of a, person) Inclined to adventure; willing to take risks; prone to embark on hazardous enterprises; daring.


lexentry: eng/adverb__Noun__1
written_rep: adverb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: наре́чие | наречие
sense_list:
(grammar) A word that modifies a verb, adjective, other adverbs, or various other types of words, phrases, or clauses. | (programming) In the Raku programming language, a named parameter that modifies the behavior of a routine.


lexentry: eng/adverbial_participle__Noun__1
written_rep: adverbial participle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дееприча́стие
sense_list:
(grammar) A participle that modifies a verb in the same sentence and is equivalent to an adverbial clause in English. Adverbial participles may denote time, condition, cause, concession, manner, means, purpose, or attendant circumstance.


lexentry: eng/adverse__Adjective__1
written_rep: adverse
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вражде́бный | неблагоприя́тный
sense_list:
Unfavorable; antagonistic in purpose or effect; hostile; actively opposing one's interests or wishes; contrary to one's welfare; acting against; working in an opposing direction.


lexentry: eng/adverse_possession__Noun__1
written_rep: adverse possession
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: приобрета́тельная да́вность
sense_list:
(legal) A means of acquiring title to another's real property without compensation by occupying the property in a manner that has under common law the requirements of being actual, open and notorious, exclusive, hostile, under cover of claim or right, and continuous for a certain number of years.


lexentry: eng/advertise__Verb__1
written_rep: advertise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: извеща́ть | информи́рова́ть | объявля́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To give (especially public) notice of (something); to announce publicly. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/advertise__Verb__1
written_rep: advertise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: реклами́ровать
sense_list:
(intransitive) To provide information about a person or goods and services to influence others. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/advertise__Verb__1
written_rep: advertise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: публикова́ть | реклами́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive) To provide public information about (a product, service etc.) in order to attract public awareness and increase sales. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/advertising_agency__Noun__1
written_rep: advertising agency
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рекламное агентство
sense_list:
a business enterprise dedicated to creating, planning and handling advertising on behalf of its client companies.


lexentry: eng/advisory_opinion__Noun__1
written_rep: advisory opinion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: консультати́вное заключе́ние
sense_list:
(legal) An opinion issued by a court that does not have the effect of resolving a specific legal case, but merely advises on the constitutionality or interpretation of a law.


lexentry: eng/advocacy_group__Noun__1
written_rep: advocacy group
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гру́ппа инте́ресов
sense_list:
A group of people, always allied and sometimes also formally organised, who use various forms of advocacy to influence public opinion and policy.


lexentry: eng/adware__Noun__1
written_rep: adware
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рекламная программа | [[рекламный|рекла́мное]] ПО
sense_list:
(computing) A software application that includes advertisements, which are displayed while the software is running. Developers use adware as a source of income and to keep the costs of the software down (usually making it free). Some adware programs can include spyware.


lexentry: eng/adynaton__Noun__1
written_rep: adynaton
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адинато́н
sense_list:
(rhetoric) A form of hyperbole that uses exaggeration so magnified as to express impossibility; an instance of such hyperbole.


lexentry: eng/adytum__Noun__1
written_rep: adytum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адитон
sense_list:
(Ancient Greece, religion) The innermost sanctuary or shrine in a temple, from where oracles were given.


lexentry: eng/adze__Noun__1
written_rep: adze
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тесло́ | де́ксель
sense_list:
A cutting tool that has a curved blade set at a right angle to the handle and is used in shaping wood.


lexentry: eng/aedile__Noun__1
written_rep: aedile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: эди́л | эдил
sense_list:
(historical, Ancient Rome) An elected official who was responsible for the maintenance of public buildings, regulation of festivals, supervision of markets and the supply of grain and water.


lexentry: eng/aegipan__Noun__1
written_rep: aegipan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: эгипан
sense_list:
(Greek mythology) A goat-like creature resembling a satyr, sometimes portrayed as having a fish's tail.


lexentry: eng/aegis__Noun__1
written_rep: aegis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: эги́да
sense_list:
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A mythological shield associated with the Greek deities Zeus and Athena (and their Roman counterparts Jupiter and Minerva) shown as a short cloak made of goatskin worn on the shoulders, more as an emblem of power and protection than a military shield. The aegis of Athena or Minerva is usually shown with a border of snakes and with the head of Medusa in the center. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/aeolian_harp__Noun__1
written_rep: aeolian harp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: эо́лова а́рфа
sense_list:
(musical instrument) An open box over which strings are stretched that sound when the wind passes over them.


lexentry: eng/aeolipile__Noun__1
written_rep: aeolipile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: эолипил
sense_list:
A steam engine powered by rocket propulsion due to escaping steam, consisting of a pressure vessel mounted on a bearing, with one or more tubes which exhaust steam tangentially to the rotation axis so as to create rotation.


lexentry: eng/aequorin__Noun__1
written_rep: aequorin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: экворин
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A photoprotein, isolated from luminescent jellyfish and other marine organisms, composed of two distinct units: the apoprotein apoaequorin and the prosthetic group coelenterazine.


lexentry: eng/aeration__Noun__1
written_rep: aeration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: аэрация
sense_list:
By extension, a process in which other gases (such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen or argon) are circulated through or mixed with a substance (usually liquid), sometimes with the consequence of increasing the transfer of air into the same liquid at the surface due to the induced circulation.


lexentry: eng/aerial__Noun__1
written_rep: aerial
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анте́нна
sense_list:
(chiefly, _, UK) A rod, wire, or other structure for receiving or transmitting radio, television signals etc.


lexentry: eng/aerobatics__Noun__1
written_rep: aerobatics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аэробатика
sense_list:
(aviation) The practice of flying maneuvers involving aircraft attitudes that are not used in conventional passenger-carrying flights.


lexentry: eng/aerobics__Noun__1
written_rep: aerobics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аэро́бика
sense_list:
A form of exercise, designed to enhance one's cardiovascular fitness, normally performed to music. [1968]


lexentry: eng/aerobiology__Noun__1
written_rep: aerobiology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аэробиоло́гия
sense_list:
(biology) The study of the dispersion of airborne biological materials, as pollen, spores, microorganisms, or viruses.


lexentry: eng/aerodynamics__Noun__1
written_rep: aerodynamics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аэродина́мика | аэродинамика
sense_list:
The science of the dynamics of bodies moving relative to gases, especially the interaction of moving objects with the atmosphere.


lexentry: eng/aerogel__Noun__1
written_rep: aerogel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аэроге́ль | аэрогель
sense_list:
A porous, ultralight solid-state substance, similar to gel, in which the liquid component is replaced with gas.


lexentry: eng/aerogram__Noun__1
written_rep: aerogram
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: аэрогра́мма
sense_list:
A thin piece of foldable and gummed paper for writing a letter and serving as its own envelope for transit via airmail.


lexentry: eng/aerology__Noun__1
written_rep: aerology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аэроло́гия | аэрология
sense_list:
The branch of meteorology involving the observation of the atmosphere by means of balloons, kites, rockets, drones, airplanes, etc.


lexentry: eng/aerometry__Noun__1
written_rep: aerometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аэроме́трия
sense_list:
The science of measuring the air, including its pressure, density, quality, direction and condensation; pneumatics.


lexentry: eng/aerophobia__Noun__1
written_rep: aerophobia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аэрофобия
sense_list:
(medical) A pathological aversion or sensitivity to air or the movement of air, especially as a symptom of rabies. | An aversion to fresh air, drafts or breezes.


lexentry: eng/aerosol__Noun__1
written_rep: aerosol
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: аэрозо́ль
sense_list:
(physics) A colloidal system in which the dispersed phase is composed of either solid or liquid particles and in which the dispersal medium is some gas, usually air.


lexentry: eng/aerospace__Adjective__1
written_rep: aerospace
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: возду́шно-косми́ческий
sense_list:
Of, or relating to the science, technology and industry associated with aircraft, missiles, satellites and spacecraft.


lexentry: eng/aerostat__Noun__1
written_rep: aerostat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аэроста́т | аэростат
sense_list:
An aircraft, such as a dirigible or balloon, that derives its lift from buoyancy rather than from wings or rotors.


lexentry: eng/aerostat__Noun__1
written_rep: aerostat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: аэроста́т | возду́шный шар
sense_list:
A moored balloon flown in a semi-permanent manner, such as a border patrol monitoring balloon affixed at 18,000 feet (~6 km).


lexentry: eng/aerostatics__Noun__1
written_rep: aerostatics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аэростатика
sense_list:
(physics) the study of gases in equilibrium and of balloons or aircraft in varying atmospheric conditions


lexentry: eng/aesthete__Noun__1
written_rep: aesthete
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: эсте́т
sense_list:
(often, derogatory) Someone who cultivates an unusually high sensitivity to beauty, as in art or nature, often in a manner perceived to prioritize beauty over other qualities such as virtue and utility.


lexentry: eng/aestivation__Noun__1
written_rep: aestivation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ле́тняя спя́чка | эстива́ция
sense_list:
(biology) A state of inactivity and metabolic depression during summer: the summer version of hibernation.


lexentry: eng/aetiology__Noun__1
written_rep: aetiology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: этиоло́гия
sense_list:
(medicine, uncountable) The study or investigation of the causes of disease; a scientific explanation for the origin of a disease.


lexentry: eng/affable__Adjective__1
written_rep: affable
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: приве́тливый
sense_list:
Receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; friendly, courteous, sociable.


lexentry: eng/affair__Noun__1
written_rep: affair
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: де́ло
sense_list:
(often in the plural) Something which is done or is to be done; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or public.


lexentry: eng/affect__Noun__1
written_rep: affect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аффе́кт
sense_list:
(psychology) A subjective feeling experienced in response to a thought or other stimulus; mood, emotion, especially as demonstrated in external physical signs. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/affect__Verb__2
written_rep: affect
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: де́лать вид | люби́ть | нра́виться | предпочита́ть | прики́дываться | притворя́ться
sense_list:
(transitive) To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume. To make a false display of. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/affected__Adjective__1
written_rep: affected
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вы́чурный | жема́нный | ло́жный | мане́рный | наи́гранный | напускно́й
sense_list:
Influenced or changed by something. | Resulting from a mostly negative physical effect or transformation.


lexentry: eng/affection__Noun__1
written_rep: affection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: эмоция
sense_list:
The state of being affected, especially: a change in, or alteration of, the emotional state of a person or other animal, caused by a subjective affect (a subjective feeling or emotion), which arises in response to a stimulus which may result from either thought or perception.


lexentry: eng/affectionate__Adjective__1
written_rep: affectionate
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лю́бящий | не́жный
sense_list:
(of a person) Having affection or warm regard; loving; fond. | (of an action, etc.) Characterised by or proceeding from affection; indicating love; tender.


lexentry: eng/affective__Adjective__1
written_rep: affective
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: эмоциона́льный
sense_list:
Relating to, resulting from, or influenced by the emotions. | Emotional; emotionally charged; affecting.


lexentry: eng/affiliate__Verb__1
written_rep: affiliate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: присоедини́ться | присоединя́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive, followed by "to" or "with") To attach (to) or unite (with); to receive into a society as a member, and initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.


lexentry: eng/affine__Adjective__1
written_rep: affine
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: аффи́нный
sense_list:
(not comparable, geometry) Of or pertaining to a function expressible as f(\vec x)= A \vec x + \vec b (where A is a linear transformation and \vec b is a constant), which, regarded as a transformation, maps parallel lines to parallel lines and finite points to finite points.


lexentry: eng/affine_geometry__Noun__1
written_rep: affine geometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аффи́нная геоме́трия
sense_list:
(geometry, uncountable) The branch of geometry dealing with what can be deduced in Euclidean geometry when the notions of line length and angle size are ignored.


lexentry: eng/affine_transformation__Noun__1
written_rep: affine transformation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аффи́нное преобразова́ние
sense_list:
(geometry, linear algebra) A geometric transformation that preserves lines and parallelism, but in general not lengths or angles; (more formally) an automorphism of an affine space: a mapping of an affine space onto itself that preserves both the dimension of any affine subspace and the ratio of the lengths of any pair of parallel line segments.


lexentry: eng/affinity__Noun__1
written_rep: affinity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ро́дственность | родство́ | свойство́ | сродство́
sense_list:
A family relationship through marriage of a relative (e.g. sister-in-law), as opposed to consanguinity (e.g. sister).


lexentry: eng/affinity__Noun__1
written_rep: affinity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: аффините́т | сродство́
sense_list:
(chemistry) An attractive force between atoms, or groups of atoms, that contributes towards their forming bonds. | (medicine) The attraction between an antibody and an antigen


lexentry: eng/affirm__Verb__1
written_rep: affirm
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: утверждать
sense_list:
To agree, verify or concur; to answer positively. | To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to maintain as true. | To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; especially (legal) to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appellate court for review.


lexentry: eng/affirmative__Noun__1
written_rep: affirmative
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: утверди́тельный
sense_list:
Yes; an answer that shows agreement or acceptance. | (grammar) An answer that shows agreement or acceptance.


lexentry: eng/affix__Noun__1
written_rep: affix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: а́ффикс
sense_list:
(mathematics) The complex number a+bi associated with the point in the Gauss plane with coordinates (a,b).


lexentry: eng/affogato__Noun__1
written_rep: affogato
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аффогато
sense_list:
A drink or dessert (especially ice-cream) topped with espresso and sometimes a caramel or chocolate sauce


lexentry: eng/afford__Verb__1
written_rep: afford
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: быть в состоя́нии | позволить | позволять
sense_list:
To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be injurious; (usually, after an expression of ability, as could, able, difficult) to be able or rich enough; to spare.


lexentry: eng/afford__Verb__1
written_rep: afford
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: предоста́вить | предоставля́ть
sense_list:
(obsolete) To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling, granting or expending, with profit, or without too great a loss.


lexentry: eng/afforestation__Noun__1
written_rep: afforestation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лесонасаждение | лесоразведение
sense_list:
The act or process of creating a new forest where none had existed before, or reforestation of areas long deforested.


lexentry: eng/affreightment__Noun__1
written_rep: affreightment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: фрахтова́ние
sense_list:
(nautical) The act of hiring, or the contract for use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey cargo.


lexentry: eng/afield__Adverb__1
written_rep: afield
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: за́ ра́мками | не́ по́ существу́
sense_list:
Away (from the home or starting point, physical or conceptual); usually preceded by far (or farther, further).


lexentry: eng/aflatoxin__Noun__1
written_rep: aflatoxin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: афлатокси́н
sense_list:
(poison) Any of a family of mycotoxins, produced by molds of the Aspergillus genus, that can be toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic; typically found as contaminants of animal food or peanuts.


lexentry: eng/afloat__Adjective__1
written_rep: afloat
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: на плаву́ | пла́вающий
sense_list:
Floating in the air; flowing freely; not tied, braided, etc. (of hair or clothing) | Covered with water, bearing floating objects.


lexentry: eng/afrobeat__Noun__1
written_rep: afrobeat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: афробит
sense_list:
(music) Music that combines West African musical styles (such as traditional Yoruba music and highlife) with American funk, jazz, and soul influences, with a focus on chanted vocals, complex intersecting rhythms, and percussion.


lexentry: eng/aft__Adverb__1
written_rep: aft
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: в кормово́й ча́сти
sense_list:
(nautical) At, near, or towards the stern of a vessel (with the frame of reference within the vessel).


lexentry: eng/after__Conjunction__1
written_rep: after
part_of_speech: conjunction
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: по́сле того́, как
sense_list:
Signifies that the action of the clause it starts takes place before the action of the other clause.


lexentry: eng/after__Preposition__1
written_rep: after
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: в результа́те | и́з-за
sense_list:
(Irish, Newfoundland, usually, preceded by a form of be, followed by an -ing form of a verb) Used to indicate recent completion of an activity.


lexentry: eng/after_all__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: after all
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: в конце́ концо́в
sense_list:
(idiomatic) anyway, in any case; indicates a statement is true regardless of other considerations; used to reinforce or explain a point.


lexentry: eng/afterbirth__Noun__1
written_rep: afterbirth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: де́тское ме́сто | после́д
sense_list:
The placenta and other material expelled via the birth canal following childbirth or parturition in mammals.


lexentry: eng/afterburner__Noun__1
written_rep: afterburner
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дожига́тель | форса́жная ка́мера
sense_list:
(aviation) A device in a jet engine which injects fuel into the exhaust system to increase the thrust.


lexentry: eng/afterlife__Noun__1
written_rep: afterlife
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жизнь после [[смерть|сме́рти]] | загро́бная жизнь | загро́бный мир | потусторо́нний мир
sense_list:
A conscious existence after death; a supernatural life that follows one's natural life, in some worldviews.


lexentry: eng/aftermath__Noun__1
written_rep: aftermath
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[второ́й]] [[поко́с]]
sense_list:
(obsolete, agriculture) A second mowing; the grass which grows after the first crop of hay in the same season.


lexentry: eng/aftermath__Noun__1
written_rep: aftermath
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: после́дствие
sense_list:
That which happens after, that which follows, usually of strongly negative connotation in most contexts, implying a preceding catastrophe.


lexentry: eng/afternoon_tea__Noun__1
written_rep: afternoon tea
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: полдник
sense_list:
(UK) A formal afternoon meal comprising light snacks, accompanied by tea. | (Australia, NZ, Hong Kong) A small meal or snack eaten between lunch and dinner (supper); a period of time set aside for this purpose, taken as a break from work or from a conference.


lexentry: eng/aftershock__Noun__1
written_rep: aftershock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[повто́рный]] [[толчо́к]] | а́фтершок | афтершо́к
sense_list:
An earthquake that follows in the same vicinity as another, usually larger, earthquake (the "mainshock").


lexentry: eng/again__Adverb__1
written_rep: again
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: говори́те | снова
sense_list:
Tell me again, say again; used in asking a question to which one may have already received an answer that one cannot remember.


lexentry: eng/again__Adverb__1
written_rep: again
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ещё раз | опя́ть | сно́ва | опять
sense_list:
Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion. [from 16thc.]


lexentry: eng/against__Preposition__1
written_rep: against
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: про́тив
sense_list:
In a contrary direction to. | (Hollywood) To be paid now in contrast to the following amount to be paid later under specified circumstances, usually that a movie is made or has started filming.


lexentry: eng/agalmatolite__Noun__1
written_rep: agalmatolite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агальматолит
sense_list:
(mineral) A soft, compact stone, of a grayish, greenish, or yellowish color, carved into images by the Chinese, and hence called figure stone, and pagodite. It is probably a variety of pinite.


lexentry: eng/agama__Noun__1
written_rep: agama
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ага́ма
sense_list:
Any of the various small, long-tailed lizards of the subfamily Agaminae of family Agamidae, especially in genera Acanthocercus, Agama, Dendragama, Laudakia, Phrynocephalus, Trapelus and Xenagama.


lexentry: eng/agar__Noun__1
written_rep: agar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ага́р-ага́р
sense_list:
A gelatinous material obtained from red algae, especially Gracilaria species, used as a bacterial culture medium, in electrophoresis and as a food additive.


lexentry: eng/agarose__Noun__1
written_rep: agarose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агаро́за
sense_list:
A polymeric cross-linked polysaccharide extracted from the seaweed agar; used to make gels that are used in electrophoresis.


lexentry: eng/agarwood__Noun__1
written_rep: agarwood
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ало́йное де́рево | каламба́к | орли́ное де́рево
sense_list:
Heartwood from trees of genus Aquilaria, especially Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. A. agallocha), infected with mold (Phialophora parasitica), which produce an aromatic resin in response to this infestation.


lexentry: eng/agate__Noun__1
written_rep: agate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ага́т | агат
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable, mineral) A semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two. | (slang, usually, in the plural) A testicle.


lexentry: eng/agave__Noun__1
written_rep: agave
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ага́ва | агава
sense_list:
Any plant in the large, variable genus Agave: succulent plants, commonly armed with formidable prickles; they flower at maturity after several years, and generally die thereafter; large species, such as the maguey or century plant, (Agave americana), produce gigantic inflorescences. Several are of economic importance as sources of fibre such as sisal, and alcoholic beverages such as tequila.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
written_rep: age
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: во́зраст
sense_list:
(countable) The time of life at which some particular power or capacity is understood to become vested.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
written_rep: age
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 13
trans_list: век | вре́мя | времена | э́ра | эпо́ха
sense_list:
(countable, poker) The right of the player to the left of the dealer to pass the first round in betting, and then to come in last or stay out; also, the player holding this position; the eldest hand.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
written_rep: age
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 14
trans_list: во́зраст | век | продолжи́тельность жи́зни | возраст
sense_list:
(uncountable) That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; specifically the size of that part.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
written_rep: age
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 15
trans_list: совершенноле́тие
sense_list:
(uncountable) Mature age; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
written_rep: age
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 16
trans_list: век | во́зраст | год | ста́рость | возраст
sense_list:
(uncountable) An advanced period of life; the latter part of life; the state of being old, old age, senility; seniority.


lexentry: eng/age_limit__Noun__1
written_rep: age limit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возрастно́е ограниче́ние
sense_list:
A restriction placed on an activity based on the age of the participants; either lower or higher limit.


lexentry: eng/age_of_consent__Noun__1
written_rep: age of consent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[во́зраст]] [[сексуальный|сексуа́льного]] [[согласие|согла́сия]]
sense_list:
(legal) The age at which a person is legally considered to be mature enough to engage willingly in sexual intercourse, so that it is not a crime for someone else to have sex with the person.


lexentry: eng/age_of_majority__Noun__1
written_rep: age of majority
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: совершенноле́тие
sense_list:
(legal) The age at which the rights and privileges of an adult are legally granted or recognized; i.e.; the age where a person ceases to be a minor legally and becomes a legal adult.


lexentry: eng/aged__Adjective__1
written_rep: aged
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: старый
sense_list:
Old. | (mostly, non-US) Having the age of. | Having undergone the improving effects of time; matured.


lexentry: eng/ageism__Noun__1
written_rep: ageism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[дискримина́ция]] по [[возраст|во́зрасту]] | эйджи́зм
sense_list:
The treating of a person or people, especially youth or seniors, differently from others based on assumptions, prejudices or/and stereotypes relating to their age.


lexentry: eng/ageless__Adjective__1
written_rep: ageless
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вечный
sense_list:
(relative to past) Having existed for so great a period of time that its longevity cannot be expressed. | (relative to future) Continuing infinitely or indefinitely.


lexentry: eng/agency__Noun__1
written_rep: agency
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: во́ля
sense_list:
(sociology, philosophy, psychology) The capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices.


lexentry: eng/agency__Noun__1
written_rep: agency
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: аге́нтство | агентство
sense_list:
The office or function of an agent; also, the relationship between a principal and that person's agent. | An establishment engaged in doing business for another; also, the place of business or the district of such an agency.


lexentry: eng/agency__Noun__1
written_rep: agency
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: аге́нтство | о́рган
sense_list:
A department or other administrative unit of a government; also, the office or headquarters of, or the district administered by such unit of government.


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
written_rep: agent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: аге́нт | аге́нтка | посре́дник | посре́дница | представи́тель | представи́тельница
sense_list:
One who acts for, or in the place of, another (the principal), by that person's authority; someone entrusted to act on behalf of or in behalf of another, such as to transact business for them.


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
written_rep: agent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: аге́нт | аге́нтка | шпио́н | шпио́нка
sense_list:
Someone who works for an intelligence agency: whether an officer or employee thereof or anyone else who agrees to help their efforts (for ideology, for money, as blackmailee, or otherwise).


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
written_rep: agent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: де́йствующая си́ла | реаге́нт | реакти́в | сре́дство | фа́ктор
sense_list:
An active power or cause or substance; something (e.g. biological, chemical, thermal, etc.) that has the power to produce an effect.


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
written_rep: agent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: аге́нт | агент
sense_list:
(computing) In the client-server model, the part of the system that performs information preparation and exchange on behalf of a client or server. Especially in the phrase “intelligent agent” it implies some kind of autonomous process which can communicate with other agents to perform some collective task on behalf of one or more humans.


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
written_rep: agent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: а́генс
sense_list:
(grammar) The participant of a situation that carries out the action in this situation, e.g. "the boy" in the sentences "The boy kicked the ball" and "The ball was kicked by the boy".


lexentry: eng/agent_provocateur__Noun__1
written_rep: agent provocateur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: провокатор
sense_list:
A person who secretly disrupts a group's activities from within the group, particularly by encouraging or committing illegal acts to discredit the group or expose them to prosecution; an instigator, troublemaker.


lexentry: eng/aggiornamento__Noun__1
written_rep: aggiornamento
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обновле́ние | осовреме́нивание
sense_list:
A bringing up to date, especially of the Roman Catholic Church by the Second Vatican Council of 1962-65; modernization.


lexentry: eng/agglomeration__Noun__1
written_rep: agglomeration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: агломера́ция | конгломера́т
sense_list:
(geography) An extended city area comprising the built-up area of a central city and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area.


lexentry: eng/agglutination__Noun__1
written_rep: agglutination
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агглютина́ция | скле́ивание
sense_list:
The act of uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; the state of being thus united; adhesion of parts.


lexentry: eng/agglutination__Noun__1
written_rep: agglutination
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: агглютина́ция
sense_list:
(linguistics) Combination in which root words are united with little or no change of form or loss of meaning. See agglutinative. | The clumping together of red blood cells or bacteria, usually in response to a particular antibody.


lexentry: eng/agglutinin__Noun__1
written_rep: agglutinin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агглютинин
sense_list:
A substance that causes particles or cells to clump#Verb; it may be an antibody, a lectin, or otherwise.


lexentry: eng/aggrandizement__Noun__1
written_rep: aggrandizement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: повышение
sense_list:
The act of aggrandizing, or the state of being aggrandized or exalted in power, rank, honor, or wealth; exaltation; enlargement.


lexentry: eng/aggravate__Verb__1
written_rep: aggravate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обостри́ть | обостря́ть | отягощать | усугуби́ть | усугубля́ть | ухудшать
sense_list:
To make (an offence) worse or more severe; to increase in offensiveness or heinousness. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/aggravating_circumstance__Noun__1
written_rep: aggravating circumstance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отягча́ющее обстоя́тельство
sense_list:
(legal, or general usage, chiefly, in the plural) A factor that increases the culpability or deleterious consequences of a wrongful act.


lexentry: eng/aggravation__Noun__1
written_rep: aggravation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: отягчающий
sense_list:
An extrinsic circumstance or accident which increases the guilt of a crime or the misery of a calamity.


lexentry: eng/aggregate__Noun__1
written_rep: aggregate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: масса | совокупность
sense_list:
A mass, assemblage, or sum of particulars; something consisting of elements but considered as a whole.


lexentry: eng/aggregate__Noun__1
written_rep: aggregate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: агрегат
sense_list:
A mass formed by the union of homogeneous particles; – in distinction from a compound, formed by the union of heterogeneous particles.


lexentry: eng/aggregate__Noun__1
written_rep: aggregate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: заполни́тель | наполни́тель
sense_list:
Solid particles of low aspect ratio added to a composite material, as distinguished from the matrix and any fibers or reinforcements; especially the gravel and sand added to concrete.


lexentry: eng/aggregator__Noun__1
written_rep: aggregator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агрегатор
sense_list:
Someone or something which aggregates. | (internet) An online feed reader used to keep track of updates to blogs, etc.


lexentry: eng/aggressive__Adjective__1
written_rep: aggressive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агресси́вный | вои́нственный | агрессивный
sense_list:
Characterized by aggression; unjustly attacking; prone to behave in a way that involves attacking or arguing.


lexentry: eng/aggressor__Noun__1
written_rep: aggressor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агре́ссор | агрессор
sense_list:
The person or country that first attacks or makes an aggression; that begins hostility or a quarrel; an assailant.


lexentry: eng/aggrieved_party__Noun__1
written_rep: aggrieved party
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: потерпевшая
sense_list:
(law) An individual or collective whose rights have been violated and who is entitled to commence a lawsuit; victim.


lexentry: eng/agility__Noun__1
written_rep: agility
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ло́вкость | подви́жность | прово́рство | ю́ркость
sense_list:
(uncountable) The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily; quickness of motion


lexentry: eng/agio__Noun__1
written_rep: agio
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ажио
sense_list:
(economics, finance) The premium or percentage on a better sort of money when it is given in exchange for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on foreign bills of exchange is sometimes called agio.


lexentry: eng/agitate__Verb__1
written_rep: agitate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: агитировать
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause to move with a violent, irregular action; to shake. [from 16th c.] | (transitive, now, rare) To mull over, or think deeply about; to consider, to devise. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/agitation__Noun__1
written_rep: agitation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возбужде́ние | волне́ние | смяте́ние
sense_list:
The act of agitating, or the state of being agitated; the state of being disrupted with violence, or with irregular action; commotion.


lexentry: eng/agitprop__Noun__1
written_rep: agitprop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агитпро́п
sense_list:
(uncountable, also, attributively) Political propaganda disseminated through art, drama, literature, etc., especially communist propaganda; (specifically, communism, historical) such propaganda formerly disseminated by the Department for Agitation and Propaganda of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/agnosticism__Noun__1
written_rep: agnosticism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: агностици́зм | агностицизм
sense_list:
The view that the existence of God or of all deities is unknown, unknowable, unproven, or unprovable.


lexentry: eng/agnotology__Noun__1
written_rep: agnotology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агнатология | агнотология
sense_list:
The study of culturally-induced ignorance or doubt, particularly the publication of inaccurate or misleading scientific data.


lexentry: eng/agogo_bell__Noun__1
written_rep: agogo bell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агого
sense_list:
A percussion instrument consisting of two or three small conical bells, similar to a cowbell, and typically played by striking them with a drumstick.


lexentry: eng/agon__Noun__1
written_rep: agon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: битва бой
sense_list:
(countable) A struggle or contest; conflict; especially between the protagonist and antagonist in a literary work.


lexentry: eng/agonist__Noun__1
written_rep: agonist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: агонист
sense_list:
The muscle that contracts while the other relaxes. | (biochemistry, pharmacology) A molecule that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiological reaction.


lexentry: eng/agorism__Noun__1
written_rep: agorism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агоризм
sense_list:
(politics, economics) A revolutionary political philosophy that advocates the creation of a voluntaryist society by means of counter-economics (i.e. black market).


lexentry: eng/agranulocytosis__Noun__1
written_rep: agranulocytosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агранулоцитоз
sense_list:
(disease) An acute condition involving a severe and dangerous leukopenia, particularly of neutrophils, causing a neutropenia in the circulating blood.


lexentry: eng/agree__Verb__1
written_rep: agree
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
(intransitive) To be in harmony about an opinion, statement, or action; to have a consistent idea between two or more people.

trans_list:
[[достига́ть]] [[соглашение|соглаше́ния]] | [[приходи́ть]] к [[согласие|согла́сию]] | согласи́ться | соглаша́ться


lexentry: eng/agree__Verb__1
written_rep: agree
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: догова́риваться | договори́ться | подойти́ | подходи́ть | согласи́ться | соглаша́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To make a stipulation by way of settling differences or determining a price; to exchange promises; to come to terms or to a common resolve; to promise.


lexentry: eng/agree__Verb__1
written_rep: agree
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: согласо́вываться | согласова́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive, grammar) To correspond to (another word) in a grammatical category, such as gender, number, case, or person.


lexentry: eng/agree_to_disagree__Verb__1
written_rep: agree to disagree
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[оста́ться]] при своём [[мнение|мне́нии]] | [[остава́ться]] при своём [[мнение|мне́нии]]
sense_list:
(idiomatic, of two persons or other parties) To accept each other's opinions and cease arguing; to peacefully acknowledge that an agreement will not be reached.


lexentry: eng/agreeableness__Noun__1
written_rep: agreeableness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: совместимость
sense_list:
(psychology) A personality trait characterized by the adjectives kind, sympathetic, cooperative, warm and considerate.


lexentry: eng/agreement__Noun__1
written_rep: agreement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: согла́сие
sense_list:
(uncountable) A state whereby several parties share a view or opinion; the state of not contradicting one another.


lexentry: eng/agreement__Noun__1
written_rep: agreement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: согласова́ние
sense_list:
(uncountable, linguistics, grammar) Rules that exist in many languages that force some parts of a sentence to be used or inflected differently depending on certain attributes of other parts. | (obsolete, chiefly, _, in the plural) An agreeable quality.


lexentry: eng/agreement_in_principle__Noun__1
written_rep: agreement in principle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: принципиа́льное согла́сие
sense_list:
(legal) A legally enforceable, but incompletely specified, agreement between parties that identifies the fundamental terms that are intended to be or are agreed upon.


lexentry: eng/agribusiness__Noun__1
written_rep: agribusiness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агроби́знес
sense_list:
(uncountable) Business (especially big business) connected to agriculture, either owning or operating large-scale farms, or catering to those who do. [from 1950s]


lexentry: eng/agriculturalism__Noun__1
written_rep: agriculturalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: нун цзя
sense_list:
A school of Chinese philosophy, prevalent during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (770 to 221 BC), that advocated for peasant utopian communalism and egalitarianism.


lexentry: eng/agriculture__Noun__1
written_rep: agriculture
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агрикульту́ра | агрокульту́ра | земле́делие | се́льское хозя́йство | фе́рмерство
sense_list:
The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of livestock.


lexentry: eng/agrimi__Noun__1
written_rep: agrimi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агри́ми | кри-кри | кри́тский го́рный козёл
sense_list:
A type of goat with long horns that curl back, native to Crete, subspecies Capra hircus cretica, sometimes Capra aegagrus cretica et al.


lexentry: eng/agrimony__Noun__1
written_rep: agrimony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: репешо́к
sense_list:
Any of several perennial herbaceous plants, of the genus Agrimonia, that have spikes of yellow flowers.


lexentry: eng/agroforestry__Noun__1
written_rep: agroforestry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агролесово́дство
sense_list:
An agricultural approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock.


lexentry: eng/agronomy__Noun__1
written_rep: agronomy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: агроно́мия
sense_list:
The science of utilizing plants, animals and soils for food, fuel, feed, and fiber and more. To do this effectively and sustainably, agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, animal sciences and soil science.


lexentry: eng/ah__Interjection__1
written_rep: ah
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а | ага́ | о
sense_list:
An expression of relief, relaxation, comfort, confusion, understanding, wonder, awe, etc. according to uttered inflection.


lexentry: eng/aha_moment__Noun__1
written_rep: aha moment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ага-переживание
sense_list:
(idiomatic) The moment or instant at which the solution to a problem, or some other significant realization, becomes clear.


lexentry: eng/aide-de-camp__Noun__1
written_rep: aide-de-camp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: адъюта́нт
sense_list:
A military officer who serves as an adjutant to a higher-ranking officer, prince or other high political dignitary.


lexentry: eng/aiglet__Noun__1
written_rep: aiglet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: наконе́чник шнурка́ | писто́нчик | эгле́т
sense_list:
A tip, originally of metal and often decorative, on a ribbon or cord that makes lacing two parts of a garment or garments together easier, as in corset lacings, "points" (lacing hose or trousers to jacket or doublet) or sleeves to a bodice.


lexentry: eng/ail__Verb__1
written_rep: ail
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: беспоко́ить | трево́жить
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause to suffer; to trouble, afflict. (Now chiefly in interrogative or indefinite constructions.)


lexentry: eng/aim__Noun__1
written_rep: aim
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прице́л
sense_list:
The pointing of a weapon, as a gun, a dart, or an arrow, or object, in the line of direction with the object intended to be struck; the line of fire; the direction of anything, such as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a remark, towards a particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect it.


lexentry: eng/aim__Verb__1
written_rep: aim
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: [[име́ть]] в [[вид|виду́]] | домога́ться | ме́тить | стреми́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To direct the intention or purpose; to attempt the accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor;—followed by at, or by an infinitive


lexentry: eng/aim__Verb__1
written_rep: aim
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: направля́ть | наце́ливать | прице́ливаться | прице́литься | це́литься
sense_list:
(transitive) To direct or point (e.g. a weapon), at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object


lexentry: eng/aioli__Noun__1
written_rep: aioli
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: айоли
sense_list:
A type of sauce made from garlic and olive oil, often with egg and lemon juice and similar to mayonnaise.


lexentry: eng/air__Noun__1
written_rep: air
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: во́здух | воздух
sense_list:
(historical, philosophy, alchemy) One of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans. | (uncountable, usually, with the) The apparently open space above the ground which this substance fills, (historical) formerly thought to be limited by the firmament but (meteorology) now considered to be surrounded by the near-vacuum of outer space.


lexentry: eng/air__Verb__1
written_rep: air
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прове́тривать | прове́трить
sense_list:
(transitive) To bring (something) into contact with the air, so as to freshen or dry it. | (transitive) To let fresh air into (a room or a building), to ventilate.


lexentry: eng/air_brick__Noun__1
written_rep: air brick
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сама́н
sense_list:
(architecture) A brick-sized block with holes which is embedded in a wall to allow ventilation through it.


lexentry: eng/air_commodore__Noun__1
written_rep: air commodore
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[коммодо́р]] [[авиация|авиа́ции]] | коммодо́р
sense_list:
A person holding a rank, in the Royal Air Force and many Commonwealth air forces, between that of group captain and air vice-marshal, equivalent to an army brigadier general, or equivalent rank in other air forces.


lexentry: eng/air_filter__Noun__1
written_rep: air filter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возду́шный фильтр
sense_list:
A filter for removing dust and other particles from a stream of air, typically used in the air intake of an internal combustion engine, the output of an air compressor, the supply duct of a forced-air furnace, etc.


lexentry: eng/air_gap__Noun__1
written_rep: air gap
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возду́шный зазо́р
sense_list:
(networking, computer security) A network security measure that consists of ensuring that a secure computer network is physically isolated from unsecured networks, such as the public Internet or an unsecured local area network.


lexentry: eng/air_gun__Noun__1
written_rep: air gun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: духово́е ружьё | пневмати́ческое ружьё
sense_list:
A gun that propels a projectile by compressed air or similar compressed gas (such as carbon dioxide).


lexentry: eng/air_out__Verb__1
written_rep: air out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вентилировать
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To expose to air; to leave open or spread out, as to allow odor or moisture to dissipate.


lexentry: eng/air_pistol__Noun__1
written_rep: air pistol
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пневмати́ческий пистоле́т
sense_list:
A pistol that propels a pellet or other projectile by using compressed gas, rather than an explosion of gunpowder or other means.


lexentry: eng/air_pocket__Noun__1
written_rep: air pocket
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возду́шная я́ма
sense_list:
A local region of low atmospheric pressure, or a local downward current; especially one that causes an aircraft to lose height suddenly.


lexentry: eng/air_rifle__Noun__1
written_rep: air rifle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: духово́е ружьё | пневмати́ческая винто́вка
sense_list:
A rifle that propels a pellet or other projectile by using compressed gas, rather than an explosion of gunpowder or other means.


lexentry: eng/air_supremacy__Noun__1
written_rep: air supremacy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: госпо́дство в во́здухе
sense_list:
In a war, the most favorable state of control of the air: air superiority so complete that the opposing air force is incapable of effective interference.


lexentry: eng/air_tanker__Noun__1
written_rep: air tanker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: самолёт-запра́вщик
sense_list:
An aircraft used to deliver liquids (or powders) from the air, usually either fuel, fire-retardants, or water.


lexentry: eng/air_taxi__Noun__1
written_rep: air taxi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: авиатакси́
sense_list:
A small aircraft that makes short passenger flights, especially to destinations not serviced by airlines.


lexentry: eng/air_traffic_control__Noun__1
written_rep: air traffic control
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: управление воздушным движением
sense_list:
A system designed to give assistance to aircraft, to prevent collisions and to manage aircraft flow.


lexentry: eng/air_vice-marshal__Noun__1
written_rep: air vice-marshal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[вице-ма́ршал]] [[авиация|авиа́ции]]
sense_list:
A rank in the Royal Air Force, between that of air commodore and air marshal, equivalent to an army major general.


lexentry: eng/airbag__Noun__1
written_rep: airbag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: поду́шка безопа́сности | подушка безопасности
sense_list:
(automotive) A protective system in automobiles in which when a crash occurs, a bag containing nitrogen, formed by the explosive decomposition of sodium azide, quickly inflates in front of the driver or passenger, preventing injury to the head. Side air bags, including the back seat passengers, also prevent injury.


lexentry: eng/airbrush__Noun__1
written_rep: airbrush
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: распылитель краски
sense_list:
A miniature, handheld paint sprayer, powered by compressed air or other gas, used for delicate, artistic painting, or sometimes retouching of photographs.


lexentry: eng/aircraft_carrier__Noun__1
written_rep: aircraft carrier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: авиано́сец | авиама́тка
sense_list:
A warship designed to carry aircraft, serving as a seagoing air base, with a deck on which aircraft can be launched and landed.


lexentry: eng/airfield__Noun__1
written_rep: airfield
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аэродро́м
sense_list:
(aviation) An open field designated for the taking off and landing of aircraft, but which, unlike an airport, does not necessarily have terminals or paved runways.


lexentry: eng/airhead__Noun__1
written_rep: airhead
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[возду́шный]] [[плацда́рм]] | [[плацда́рм]] для [[воздушный| возду́шного]] [[десант| деса́нта]]
sense_list:
(military) An area of hostile territory that has been seized for use as an airbase to ensure the further safe landing of troops and materiel.


lexentry: eng/airlock__Noun__1
written_rep: airlock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шлюз
sense_list:
A sealed, airtight chamber, such as in a manned spacecraft or submarine, used to provide access to and from the sealed area without allowing air out or water in.


lexentry: eng/airmass__Noun__1
written_rep: airmass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: масса воздуха
sense_list:
(physics, meteorology) a widespread body of air, the properties of which can be identified as: (a) having been established while that air was situated over a particular region of the Earth's surface (airmass source region) and (b) undergoing specific modifications while in transit away from the source region. An air mass is often defined as a widespread body of air that is approximately homogeneous in its horizontal extent, particularly with reference to temperature and moisture distribution; in addition, the vertical temperature and moisture variations are approximately the same over its horizontal extent.


lexentry: eng/airport__Noun__1
written_rep: airport
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аэропо́рт | аэровокза́л | аэродро́м | аэропорт
sense_list:
An airfield (an area designated for the takeoff and landing of aircraft), including one or more runways and (for commercial airports) one or more passenger terminals.


lexentry: eng/airport_lounge__Noun__1
written_rep: airport lounge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зал ожида́ния
sense_list:
A dedicated area in an airport which offers, for selected passengers, comforts beyond those afforded in the main parts of the airport.


lexentry: eng/airshaft__Noun__1
written_rep: airshaft
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вентиляцио́нная ша́хта
sense_list:
(architecture) A vertical (or near vertical) opening (shaft) running from a courtyard to the sky, thus allowing air to circulate to high-rise apartments or offices.


lexentry: eng/airside__Noun__1
written_rep: airside
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: стери́льная зо́на | чи́стая зо́на
sense_list:
A passenger-only area of an airport, beyond security, passport and immigration, and customs controls.


lexentry: eng/airsoft__Noun__1
written_rep: airsoft
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: страйкбо́л
sense_list:
A modern combat sport in which participants eliminate their opponents by hitting them with spherical non-metallic pellets launched from a type of air gun running compressed air or similar compressed gas (e.g., carbon dioxide).


lexentry: eng/airspace__Noun__1
written_rep: airspace
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возду́шное простра́нство | воздушное пространство
sense_list:
(politics, aviation) A specified portion of the atmosphere, especially that under the technical aviation control and/or jurisdiction of a particular state over which territory (and territorial waters) it lies. | (aviation) that part of the sky designated for the sole use of aircraft.


lexentry: eng/aisle__Noun__1
written_rep: aisle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: прохо́д
sense_list:
A clear path through rows of seating. | A clear corridor in a supermarket with shelves on both sides containing goods for sale.


lexentry: eng/ajwain__Noun__1
written_rep: ajwain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ажго́н
sense_list:
A plant in the family Apiaceae (Trachyspermum ammi), and its seed-like fruit, which is used (especially in South Asian cooking) for its thyme-like flavor.


lexentry: eng/akanye__Noun__1
written_rep: akanye
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́канье
sense_list:
(phonology) A case of vowel reduction in Slavic languages; the merger of pretonic non-high vowel phonemes (/o/, /e/ and /a/).


lexentry: eng/akin__Adjective__1
written_rep: akin
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: подо́бный | ро́дственный | сродни́
sense_list:
(often, followed by to) Allied by nature; similar; partaking of the same properties; of the same kind.


lexentry: eng/ala__Noun__1
written_rep: ala
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: весло́ | крыло́
sense_list:
(botany) The flattened border of some stems, fruits, and seeds, or one of the two side petals of certain flowers in the pea family.


lexentry: eng/alalia__Noun__1
written_rep: alalia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ала́лия
sense_list:
(medicine, obsolete) The loss of the ability to speak, especially due to paralysis of the vocal cords.


lexentry: eng/alanine__Noun__1
written_rep: alanine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алани́н | аланин
sense_list:
(amino acid, uncountable) A nonessential amino acid 2-aminopropanoic acid found in most animal proteins


lexentry: eng/alarm__Noun__1
written_rep: alarm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: трево́га
sense_list:
Any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warning sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger.


lexentry: eng/alarm__Noun__1
written_rep: alarm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: испу́г | опасе́ние | смяте́ние | страх
sense_list:
Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden apprehension of being attacked by surprise.


lexentry: eng/alb__Noun__1
written_rep: alb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́льба
sense_list:
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Anglicanism, Roman Catholicism) A long, white robe worn by priests and other ministers, underneath most of the other vestments.


lexentry: eng/albatross__Noun__1
written_rep: albatross
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альбатро́с | альбатрос
sense_list:
Any of various large seabirds of the family Diomedeidae ranging widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific and having a hooked beak and long narrow wings.


lexentry: eng/albatross_around_one's_neck__Noun__1
written_rep: albatross around one's neck
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вес
sense_list:
(idiomatic, figurative) A characteristic, possession, associate, or previous deed that hinders one's ability to succeed.


lexentry: eng/albedo__Noun__1
written_rep: albedo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альбе́до | альбедо
sense_list:
(physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) The fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body, commonly expressed as a percentage.


lexentry: eng/albinism__Noun__1
written_rep: albinism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альбини́зм | альбинизм
sense_list:
Congenital lack of melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); the condition of being albino.


lexentry: eng/albino__Noun__1
written_rep: albino
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альбино́с | альбино́ска
sense_list:
(countable) A person or animal congenitally lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); one born with albinism.


lexentry: eng/album__Noun__1
written_rep: album
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: альбо́м | альбом
sense_list:
A book specially designed to keep photographs, stamps, or autographs. | A phonograph record that is composed of several tracks | A jacket or cover for such a phonograph record. | A group of audio recordings, on any medium, intended for distribution as a group.


lexentry: eng/albumin__Noun__1
written_rep: albumin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альбуми́н | альбумин
sense_list:
(protein) Any of a class of monomeric proteins that are soluble in water, and are coagulated by heat; they occur in egg white, milk etc; they function as carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and play a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume.


lexentry: eng/alchemy__Noun__1
written_rep: alchemy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алхи́мия | алхимия
sense_list:
(uncountable) The premodern and early modern study of physical changes, particularly in Europe, Arabia, and China; and chiefly in pursuit of an elixir of immortality, a universal panacea, and/or a philosopher's stone able to transmute base metals into gold, eventually developing into chemistry.


lexentry: eng/alcohol__Noun__1
written_rep: alcohol
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: спирт | алкого́ль | алкоголь
sense_list:
(organic compound, countable) Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).


lexentry: eng/alcohol__Noun__1
written_rep: alcohol
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: (uncountable) Beverages containing ethanol, collectively.
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list:
спирт | алкого́ль | [[алкого́льный]] [[напи́ток]] | [[кре́пкий]] [[напи́ток]] | [[спиртно́й]] [[напи́ток]] | спиртно́е


lexentry: eng/alcoholism__Noun__1
written_rep: alcoholism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алкоголи́зм | алкоголизм
sense_list:
A chronic disease caused by compulsive and uncontrollable consumption of alcoholic beverages, leading to addiction and deterioration in health and social functioning.


lexentry: eng/aldehyde__Noun__1
written_rep: aldehyde
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альдеги́д | альдегид
sense_list:
(organic compound) Any of a large class of reactive organic compounds (R·CHO) having a carbonyl functional group attached to one hydrocarbon radical and a hydrogen atom.


lexentry: eng/alder_buckthorn__Noun__1
written_rep: alder buckthorn
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жо́стер ло́мкий | круши́на ло́мкая | круши́на ольхови́дная
sense_list:
A deciduous shrub, Frangula alnus, native to Europe and neighboring areas of Asia and Africa, bearing glossy leaves, flowers in sessile umbels, and inedible red berries that turn black when ripe, and historically used as a laxative and to produce dyes.


lexentry: eng/alderfly__Noun__1
written_rep: alderfly
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вислокры́лка | сиали́да
sense_list:
A member of any one of the 66 species of the family Sialidae of megalopteran insects, each specimen of which has a body length not exceeding one inch and possesses long filamentous antennae and four large dark wings.


lexentry: eng/aldolase__Noun__1
written_rep: aldolase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альдолаза
sense_list:
(enzyme) An enzyme, present in some tissue, that catalyses the conversion of phosphates of fructose to those of glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone


lexentry: eng/aldosterone__Noun__1
written_rep: aldosterone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альдостерон
sense_list:
(steroid hormone) A mineralocorticoid hormone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, that regulates the balance of sodium and potassium in the body.


lexentry: eng/alembic__Noun__1
written_rep: alembic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дистилля́тор | перего́нный куб
sense_list:
An early chemical apparatus, consisting of two retorts connected by a tube, used to purify substances by distillation.


lexentry: eng/aleph__Noun__1
written_rep: aleph
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́леф | а́лиф
sense_list:
The first letter of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, and its descendants in descended Semitic scripts, such as Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, ʾaleph), Aramaic 𐡀 (ʾ), Classical Syriac ܐ ('ālaph), Hebrew א (aleph) and Arabic ا (ʾalif).


lexentry: eng/alexandrine__Noun__1
written_rep: alexandrine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: александрийский стих
sense_list:
(poetry) A line of poetic meter having twelve syllables, usually divided into two or three equal parts.


lexentry: eng/alexandrite__Noun__1
written_rep: alexandrite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: александри́т | александрит
sense_list:
(mineral) A form of chrysoberyl that displays a colour change dependent upon the light source, along with strong pleochroism.


lexentry: eng/alexia__Noun__1
written_rep: alexia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алексия
sense_list:
(psychiatry) Word blindness, the inability, due to a cerebral disorder, to comprehend or understand writing.


lexentry: eng/alexin__Noun__1
written_rep: alexin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: родительный падеж
sense_list:
(biochemistry, dated) A protective substance that exists in the serum or other bodily fluid and is capable of killing microorganisms; complement.


lexentry: eng/alga__Noun__1
written_rep: alga
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: во́доросль | водоросль
sense_list:
(biology) Any of many aquatic photosynthetic organisms, including the seaweeds, whose size ranges from a single cell to giant kelps and whose biochemistry and forms are very diverse, some being eukaryotic.


lexentry: eng/algebra__Noun__1
written_rep: algebra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алгебра | а́лгебра
sense_list:
(uncountable, mathematics) Elementary algebra: A system for representing and manipulating unknown quantities (variables) in equations.


lexentry: eng/algebra__Noun__1
written_rep: algebra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: а́лгебра | алгебра
sense_list:
(countable, mathematics, algebra) Any of several objects of study in Algebra | (uncountable, medicine, historical, rare) The surgical treatment of a dislocated or fractured bone. Also (countable) : a dislocation or fracture.


lexentry: eng/algebraic__Adjective__1
written_rep: algebraic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алгебраи́ческий | алгебраический
sense_list:
Of, or relating to, algebra. | (mathematics, of an expression, equation, or function) Containing only numbers, letters, and arithmetic operators. | (algebra, number theory, of a number) Which is a root of some polynomial whose coefficients are rational.


lexentry: eng/algebraic__Adjective__1
written_rep: algebraic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: алгебраический
sense_list:
(chess, of notation) Describing squares by file (referred to in intrinsic order rather than by the piece starting on that file) and rank, both with reference to a fixed point rather than a player-dependent perspective.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_equation__Noun__1
written_rep: algebraic equation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алгебраи́ческое уравне́ние
sense_list:
(algebra) A mathematical equation in which one or both sides is an algebraic expression, such as 2x + 7y = 3.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_geometry__Noun__1
written_rep: algebraic geometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алгебраи́ческая геоме́трия
sense_list:
(mathematics) A branch of mathematics that studies algebraic varieties (solution sets of polynomial equations) and their generalisations, using techniques from both algebra (chiefly commutative algebra) and geometry.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_number__Noun__1
written_rep: algebraic number
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алгебраическое число
sense_list:
(algebra, number theory) A complex number (more generally, an element of a number field) that is a root of a polynomial whose coefficients are integers; equivalently, a complex number (or element of a number field) that is a root of a monic polynomial whose coefficients are rational numbers.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_variety__Noun__1
written_rep: algebraic variety
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алгебраи́ческое многообра́зие
sense_list:
(algebraic geometry) The set of solutions of a given system of polynomial equations over the real or complex numbers; any of certain generalisations of such a set that preserves the geometric intuition implicit in the original definition.


lexentry: eng/algebraical__Adjective__1
written_rep: algebraical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алгебраический
sense_list:
Pertaining to algebra or its laws. | (mathematics) Requiring a finite number of algebraic operations; the opposite of transcendental.


lexentry: eng/algid__Adjective__1
written_rep: algid
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ледяно́й | холо́дный
sense_list:
(medicine) Cold, chilly; used of low body temperature, especially in connection with certain diseases such as malaria and cholera.


lexentry: eng/alginic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: alginic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альги́новая кислота́
sense_list:
(biochemistry) An insoluble colloidal acid (C6H8O6)n that in the form of its salts is a constituent of the cell walls of brown algae and is used as a food additive.


lexentry: eng/algolagnia__Noun__1
written_rep: algolagnia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алголагни́я
sense_list:
A physical condition that causes a person to gain sexual pleasure by suffering pain, particularly to erogenous zones.


lexentry: eng/algorithm__Noun__1
written_rep: algorithm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алгори́тм | алгоритм
sense_list:
(countable) A collection of ordered steps that solve a mathematical problem. A precise step-by-step plan for a computational procedure that possibly begins with an input value and yields an output value in a finite number of steps. | (loosely) A flowchart illustrating a decision-making process for human users, especially health care professionals.


lexentry: eng/alibi__Noun__1
written_rep: alibi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́либи | алиби
sense_list:
(legal) The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove being in another place when the alleged act was committed.


lexentry: eng/alien__Noun__1
written_rep: alien
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: посторонний | незнако́мец | незнако́мка | посторо́нний | прише́лец | чужа́к
sense_list:
A person, animal, plant, or other thing which is from outside the family, group, organization, or territory under consideration.


lexentry: eng/alienate__Verb__1
written_rep: alienate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отчуди́ть | отчужда́ть
sense_list:
To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of.


lexentry: eng/alienation__Noun__1
written_rep: alienation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: отдале́ние | отчужде́ние | отчуждённость
sense_list:
(Marxism) The estrangement of people from aspects of their human nature as a consequence of the division of labour and living in a society of stratified social classes.


lexentry: eng/alight__Verb__1
written_rep: alight
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: вы́йти | выходи́ть | спе́шиваться | спе́шиться
sense_list:
Often followed by from or off: to get off an animal which one has been riding; to dismount; to descend or exit from a vehicle; hence, to complete one's journey; to stop.


lexentry: eng/alight__Verb__1
written_rep: alight
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: приземли́ться | приземля́ться
sense_list:
(also, figuratively) Often followed by at, on, or upon: of something aloft: to descend and settle; to land, to lodge, to rest.


lexentry: eng/align__Verb__1
written_rep: align
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: (transitive) To adjust to a line; to range or form in line; to bring into line.
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list:
вы́ровнять | выра́внивать | выстра́ивать в ли́нию | выстра́иваться в ли́нию | равня́ться | стро́иться


lexentry: eng/align__Verb__1
written_rep: align
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: равня́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive, reflexive) To identify (oneself) with, match, or support the behaviour, thoughts, etc. of another person, organization, or country. | (transitive, computing) To store (data) in a way that is consistent with the memory architecture, i.e. by beginning each item at an offset equal to some multiple of the word size.


lexentry: eng/alignment__Noun__1
written_rep: alignment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: регулиро́вка
sense_list:
The process of adjusting a mechanism such that its parts are aligned; the condition of having its parts so adjusted.


lexentry: eng/alimony__Noun__1
written_rep: alimony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алименты | сре́дства к существова́нию
sense_list:
(legal, sometimes, pejorative) A court-mandated allowance made to a former spouse by a divorced or legally separated person.


lexentry: eng/aliphatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: aliphatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алифати́ческий
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Of a class of organic compounds in which the carbon atoms are arranged in an open chain.


lexentry: eng/alive_and_kicking__Adjective__1
written_rep: alive and kicking
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жив-здоро́в
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Healthy; vital; in good health, particularly in opposition to unfavorable circumstances.


lexentry: eng/alizarin__Noun__1
written_rep: alizarin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ализарин
sense_list:
(organic compound) A red substance, 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, extracted from madder root and used as a dye.


lexentry: eng/alkali__Noun__1
written_rep: alkali
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: щёлочь
sense_list:
(chemistry) One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, soda ash, caustic soda, potash, ammonia, and lithia, whose distinguishing characteristics are dissolving in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.


lexentry: eng/alkali_metal__Noun__1
written_rep: alkali metal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: щелочно́й мета́лл | щелочной металл
sense_list:
(inorganic chemistry) Any of the soft, light, reactive metals of Group 1 of the periodic table; lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.


lexentry: eng/alkaline_earth_metal__Noun__1
written_rep: alkaline earth metal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: щёлочно-земе́льный мета́лл
sense_list:
(inorganic chemistry) Any of the elements of group II of the periodic table; they are low-density metals that react readily with water to form strongly basic hydroxides, and with many acids to form salts.


lexentry: eng/alkaloid__Noun__1
written_rep: alkaloid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алкало́ид | алкалоид
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any of many organic (often heterocyclic) bases that occur in nature and often have medicinal properties.


lexentry: eng/alkanet__Noun__1
written_rep: alkanet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: алкане́т | алкани́н
sense_list:
The dyeing matter extracted from the roots of the plant with water or oil, used for cotton especially but also silk and wool, giving a deep red colour.


lexentry: eng/alkene__Noun__1
written_rep: alkene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алке́н | алкен
sense_list:
(organic compound) An unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more carbon–carbon double bonds.


lexentry: eng/alkyl__Noun__1
written_rep: alkyl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алки́л
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any of a series of univalent radicals of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons. In other words, an alkane minus one hydrogen atom.


lexentry: eng/alkylation__Noun__1
written_rep: alkylation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алкилирование
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any reaction in which an alkyl group is added to a molecule; used in the production of high-octane petroleum fuels.


lexentry: eng/all-__Prefix__1
written_rep: all-
part_of_speech: prefix
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: все- | обще-
sense_list:
Indicates complete power or authority in an area. | Indicates that a term applies in a general manner.


lexentry: eng/all-points_bulletin__Noun__1
written_rep: all-points bulletin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сигна́л всем поста́м
sense_list:
(law enforcement) A broadcast issued from one law enforcement agency to another, typically containing information about a wanted suspect or a person of interest.


lexentry: eng/all-rounder__Noun__1
written_rep: all-rounder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: на все ру́ки
sense_list:
(chiefly, British) A versatile person, able to do many things well; used especially in reference to being good at various sports. [from 1875] | (cricket) A player who is skilled in both batting and bowling.


lexentry: eng/all-you-can-eat__Adjective__1
written_rep: all-you-can-eat
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вольный
sense_list:
(literally) Offering unlimited food to a diner at a restaurant for a fixed price for as long as the diner continues to eat.


lexentry: eng/all__Determiner__1
written_rep: all
part_of_speech: determiner
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: весь | це́лый
sense_list:
Every individual or anything of the given class, with no exceptions (the noun or noun phrase denoting the class must be plural or uncountable). | Throughout the whole of (a stated period of time; generally used with units of a day or longer).


lexentry: eng/all_cats_are_grey_in_the_dark__Proverb__1
written_rep: all cats are grey in the dark
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: но́чью все ко́шки се́ры | ночью все кошки серы
sense_list:
(UK, sometimes, _, vulgar, _, &, _) Sex is enjoyable regardless of the physical attractiveness or social station of one's partner. | (uncommon) Under some circumstances, individual distinctions are not relevant.


lexentry: eng/all_ears__Adjective__1
written_rep: all ears
part_of_speech: adjective
sense_list: (idiomatic) Listening intently; fully focused.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
[[внима́тельно]] [[слу́шать]] | [[слу́шать]] [[во все у́ши]] | навостри́ть у́ши | обрати́ться в слух


lexentry: eng/all_hands_on_deck__Interjection__1
written_rep: all hands on deck
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: все наве́рх | свиста́ть всех наве́рх
sense_list:
(nautical) An order, on board ship, for all seamen of all watches to muster on deck immediately; normally shortened to "All hands"


lexentry: eng/all_rights_reserved__Phrase__1
written_rep: all rights reserved
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: все права́ сохранены́
sense_list:
(idiomatic, legal) The copyright holder of a creative work reserves all copyright-related rights, typically including the right to publish the work, to make derivative works of it, to distribute it, to make profit from it, to license a number of these rights to other people, and to forbid these uses by any unauthorized people, thus being entitled to take legal action against infringement.


lexentry: eng/all_that_glitters_is_not_gold__Proverb__1
written_rep: all that glitters is not gold
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: не всё то зо́лото, что блести́т | не всё то золото, что блестит
sense_list:
Things that appear valuable or worthwhile might not actually be so; things that look nice might not be as good as they look.


lexentry: eng/all_the_more__Adverb__1
written_rep: all the more
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: подавно | тем бо́лее | тем па́че
sense_list:
Even more; notably, but even more notably due to additional information, either preceding or following the statement.


lexentry: eng/allantois__Noun__1
written_rep: allantois
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алланто́ис
sense_list:
(anatomy) A sac, having a number of functions, that develops in the alimentary canal of the embryos of mammals, birds and reptiles.


lexentry: eng/allative_case__Noun__1
written_rep: allative case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аллати́в | аллати́вный паде́ж
sense_list:
(grammatical case) A case used to indicate movement onto, or to the adjacency of something. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositions to or onto, as in "to the house," "onto the house." Languages that use the allative case include Basque, Dyirbal, Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, and Lithuanian.


lexentry: eng/allegory__Noun__1
written_rep: allegory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: аллегория
sense_list:
A picture, book, or other form of communication using such representation. | A symbolic representation which can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, usually a moral or political one.


lexentry: eng/allegory__Noun__1
written_rep: allegory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: аллего́рия | иносказа́ние | аллегория
sense_list:
(mathematics, category theory) A category that retains some of the structure of the category of binary relations between sets, representing a high-level generalisation of that category.


lexentry: eng/allele__Noun__1
written_rep: allele
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алле́ль
sense_list:
(genetics) One of a number of alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given position, or locus, on a chromosome.


lexentry: eng/allemande__Noun__1
written_rep: allemande
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аллема́нда
sense_list:
A popular instrumental dance form in Baroque music, and a standard element of a suite, generally the first or second movement.


lexentry: eng/allene__Noun__1
written_rep: allene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алле́н
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of hydrocarbons having two double bonds from one carbon atom to two others - R2C=C=CR2; especially the parent compound CH2=C=CH2 (propadiene).


lexentry: eng/allergic_rhinitis__Noun__1
written_rep: allergic rhinitis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аллерги́ческий рини́т
sense_list:
(pathology, immunology) A group of symptoms similar to those of a cold such as runny nose and sore throat, caused by an allergic reaction to an allergen such as dust, plant pollens or animal dander.


lexentry: eng/allergy__Noun__1
written_rep: allergy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аллерги́я | аллергия
sense_list:
(medicine, immunology, broadly) A disorder of the immune system causing adverse reactions to substances (allergens) not harmful to most and marked by the body's production of histamines and associated with atopy, anaphylaxis, and asthma; any condition of hypersensitivity to a substance. | (medicine, immunology, strictly) Specifically, hypersensitivity of class I in the modern classification thereof: the immunoglobulin E–mediated type. | (informal) An antipathy, as toward a person or activity.


lexentry: eng/alley__Noun__1
written_rep: alley
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: але́йка | алле́я | переу́лок | у́лочка
sense_list:
A narrow street or passageway, especially one through the middle of a block giving access to the rear of lots of buildings.


lexentry: eng/alley_oop__Interjection__1
written_rep: alley oop
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алле-о́п | алле-у́п | аллей-о́п | аллей-у́п
sense_list:
Encouraging or calling attention to a physical performance, especially one involving an upwards lift or leap.


lexentry: eng/alley_oop__Noun__1
written_rep: alley oop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: аллей-уп
sense_list:
(US, _, sports) A high and arcing pass, catch, or move, especially (basketball) a shot made by a player as part of the same jump used to catch a pass.


lexentry: eng/alliance__Noun__1
written_rep: alliance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: сою́з | алья́нс
sense_list:
(countable) A union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league.


lexentry: eng/alliance__Noun__1
written_rep: alliance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: алья́нс | сою́з
sense_list:
(countable) Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity.


lexentry: eng/alligator__Noun__1
written_rep: alligator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аллига́тор | аллигатор
sense_list:
Either of two species of large amphibious reptile, Alligator mississippiensis or Alligator sinensis, in the genus Alligator within order Crocodilia, which have sharp teeth and very strong jaws and are native to the Americas and China, respectively.


lexentry: eng/alligator_clip__Noun__1
written_rep: alligator clip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: крокоди́л
sense_list:
(electronics) A spring-loaded metal clip, usually attached to a wire and used to make temporary electrical connections.


lexentry: eng/alligator_gar__Noun__1
written_rep: alligator gar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мисси́сипский па́нцирник
sense_list:
A species of gar native to the US, Atractosteus spatula, known for its extremely large size (in excess of 200 lbs).


lexentry: eng/alliteration__Noun__1
written_rep: alliteration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аллитера́ция | аллитерация
sense_list:
The repetition of consonant sounds or letters at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals; such repetition specifically involving stressed syllables.


lexentry: eng/allodium__Noun__1
written_rep: allodium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алло́д
sense_list:
(dated, or, historical) Freehold land or property; land held in allodial tenure, or one's title to such land.


lexentry: eng/allonge__Noun__1
written_rep: allonge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алло́нж
sense_list:
(legal, banking) A slip of paper attached to a negotiable instrument to hold endorsements should the document itself be unable to hold any more.


lexentry: eng/allotment__Noun__1
written_rep: allotment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: деление
sense_list:
The act of allotting. | (legal) The allowance of a specific amount of money or other credit of a particular thing to a particular person.


lexentry: eng/allotrope__Noun__1
written_rep: allotrope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аллотро́пия
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any form of an element that has a distinctly different molecular structure to another form of the same element, with different physical properties and often different chemical properties. [from 1847]


lexentry: eng/allotropy__Noun__1
written_rep: allotropy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аллотро́пия | аллотропия
sense_list:
(chemistry) A property, exhibited by some elements, of existing in multiple forms with different atomic structures.


lexentry: eng/allotype__Noun__1
written_rep: allotype
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аллотип
sense_list:
(zoology, taxonomy) A designated paratype of a species (or lower-order taxon) that is the opposite sex of the holotype.


lexentry: eng/allowance__Noun__1
written_rep: allowance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: посо́бие
sense_list:
An amount, portion, or share that is allotted or granted; a sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty, or as appropriate for any purpose


lexentry: eng/allowance__Noun__1
written_rep: allowance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: до́пуск | допуще́ние | позволе́ние | разреше́ние
sense_list:
(minting) A permissible deviation in the fineness and weight of coins, owing to the difficulty in securing exact conformity to the standard prescribed by law.


lexentry: eng/alloy__Noun__1
written_rep: alloy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сплав
sense_list:
A metal that is a combination of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, a base metal.


lexentry: eng/allspice__Noun__1
written_rep: allspice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гвозди́чный пе́рец | души́стый пе́рец | яма́йский пе́рец
sense_list:
(uncountable) A spice; the dried and ground unripe fruit of Pimenta dioica, thought to combine the flavours of several spices, such as cinnamon, nutmeg and cloves.


lexentry: eng/alluring__Verb__1
written_rep: alluring
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: having to power to allure
trans_list:
зама́нчивый | обворожи́тельный | обольсти́тельный | очарова́тельный | привлека́тельный | соблазни́тельный


lexentry: eng/allusion__Noun__1
written_rep: allusion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: намёк | аллю́зия
sense_list:
An indirect reference; a hint; a reference to something supposed to be known, but not explicitly mentioned.


lexentry: eng/alluvium__Noun__1
written_rep: alluvium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аллю́вий | нано́с
sense_list:
soil, clay, silt or gravel deposited by flowing water, as it slows, in a river bed, delta, estuary or flood plain


lexentry: eng/ally__Noun__1
written_rep: ally
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сою́зник | сою́зница | помо́щник | помо́щница
sense_list:
A person who, or organization which, supports a demographic group subject to discrimination and/or misrepresentation but is not a member of the group; specifically (LGBT) , a person who is not a member of the LGBT+ community but is supportive of it. | (figuratively) A person, group, concept, etc., which is associated with another as a helper; an auxiliary; a supporter.


lexentry: eng/ally__Noun__1
written_rep: ally
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: сою́зник | сою́зница
sense_list:
A person, group, state, etc., which is associated or united by treaty with another for a common (especially military or political) purpose; a confederate.


lexentry: eng/almanac__Noun__1
written_rep: almanac
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альмана́х | календа́рь | альманах
sense_list:
(astronomy, navigation) A book or table listing nautical, astronomical, astrological or other events for the year; sometimes, but not essentially, containing historical and statistical information.


lexentry: eng/almandine__Noun__1
written_rep: almandine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альманди́н | альмандин
sense_list:
(mineral) A type of garnet having a deep red color, inclining to purple, with the chemical formula Fe3Al2(SiO4)3.


lexentry: eng/almude__Noun__1
written_rep: almude
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мюид
sense_list:
(historical, measure) A traditional Portuguese unit of liquid volume, equal to 14–26 liters. | (historical, measure) , similar units of liquid volume in Spain and Turkey.


lexentry: eng/alocasia__Noun__1
written_rep: alocasia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алока́зия
sense_list:
Any of several tropical Asian plants, of the genus Alocasia, having heart- or arrowhead-shaped leaves.


lexentry: eng/aloe__Noun__1
written_rep: aloe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ало́э | алоэ
sense_list:
(in the plural) The resins of the tree Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. Aquilaria agallocha), known for their fragrant aroma, produced after infection by the fungus Phialophora parasitica. | Any plant of the large and variable genus Aloe.


lexentry: eng/aloe_vera__Noun__1
written_rep: aloe vera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ало́э ве́ра | ало́э настоя́щее
sense_list:
A plant of the species Aloe vera, grown as an ornamental, thought to have medicinal value; an extract, often a gel, made from the plant.


lexentry: eng/alone__Adverb__1
written_rep: alone
part_of_speech: adverb
sense_list: Without outside help.
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list:
без [[посторонний|посторо́нней]] [[помощь|по́мощи]] | в одино́чку | оди́н | сам | самостоя́тельно | то́лько


lexentry: eng/alone__Adverb__1
written_rep: alone
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: оди́н | то́лько
sense_list:
(hence) Used to emphasize the size or extent of something by selecting a subset. | Focus adverb, typically modifying a noun and occurring immediately after it. | Not permitting anything further; exclusively. | Not requiring anything further; merely.


lexentry: eng/alopecia__Noun__1
written_rep: alopecia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: алопе́ция | облысе́ние
sense_list:
(medicine) Loss of hair (especially on the head) or loss of wool or feathers, whether natural or caused by disease.


lexentry: eng/alpaca__Noun__1
written_rep: alpaca
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альпа́ка | альпака
sense_list:
A sheep-like domesticated animal of the Andes, Vicugna pacos, in the camel family, closely related to the llama, guanaco, and vicuña.


lexentry: eng/alpenglow__Noun__1
written_rep: alpenglow
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: свече́ние Альп
sense_list:
A rosy or reddish glow seen during sunset or sunrise on the summits of mountains, especially snow-covered mountains on the opposite side of the sun.


lexentry: eng/alpha__Noun__1
written_rep: alpha
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́льфа | альфа
sense_list:
The name of the first letter of the Greek alphabet (Α, α), followed by beta. In the Latin alphabet it is the predecessor to A.


lexentry: eng/alpha_helix__Noun__1
written_rep: alpha helix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́льфа-спира́ль
sense_list:
A secondary structure found in many proteins, in which the amino acids are arranged in a coil, or helix, with almost no free space on the inside and all side chains being pointed towards the outside


lexentry: eng/alpha_particle__Noun__1
written_rep: alpha particle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: α-части́ца | а́льфа-части́ца
sense_list:
(physics) A doubly positively charged nucleus of a helium-4 atom (consisting of two protons and two neutrons), emitted as a consequence of radioactivity; α-particle


lexentry: eng/alphabet__Noun__1
written_rep: alphabet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алфавит | а́збука | алфави́т | азбука
sense_list:
The set of letters used when writing in a language. | A writing system in which letters represent phonemes. (Contrast e.g. logography, a writing system in which each character represents a word, and syllabary, in which each character represents a syllable.)


lexentry: eng/alphabetical_order__Noun__1
written_rep: alphabetical order
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алфави́тный поря́док | алфавитный порядок
sense_list:
The sequence of a collection of items (such as words in a dictionary) arranged in order by position in the alphabet.


lexentry: eng/alphabetize__Verb__1
written_rep: alphabetize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обучать грамоте
sense_list:
(US, Canada, transitive) To arrange words or items in order of the first (and then subsequent) letters as they occur in the alphabet.


lexentry: eng/alphanumeric__Adjective__1
written_rep: alphanumeric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бу́квенно-цифрово́й
sense_list:
Consisting of, or limited to, letters and/or numbers, especially the characters A to Z (lowercase and uppercase) and 0 to 9.


lexentry: eng/alphasyllabary__Noun__1
written_rep: alphasyllabary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: абугида
sense_list:
A segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit, and where each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary; an abugida.


lexentry: eng/alphorn__Noun__1
written_rep: alphorn
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альпи́йский рог
sense_list:
(musical instruments) A long, curved, wooden horn used by mountain-dwelling herders in the Alps, originally to call cattle but now only as musical instrument in classical and folk tunes.


lexentry: eng/alpine_chough__Noun__1
written_rep: alpine chough
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альпи́йская га́лка
sense_list:
A species of bird in the crow family (Corvidae) (Pyrrhocorax graculus), that breeds locally in the highest mountains of southern Europe, the Alps, across central Asia and India.


lexentry: eng/alpine_newt__Noun__1
written_rep: alpine newt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альпи́йский трито́н | го́рный трито́н
sense_list:
a newt of the salamander order Caudata, Ichthyosaura alpestris, formerly Triturus alpestris and Mesotriton alpestris.


lexentry: eng/alprazolam__Noun__1
written_rep: alprazolam
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алпразола́м
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug (trademark Xanax) of the benzodiazepine group (8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine), used in the treatment of anxiety.


lexentry: eng/alt-right__Noun__1
written_rep: alt-right
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альт-райт | альтернативные правые | альт-правые
sense_list:
(uncountable) An amorphous movement of right-wing white nationalists opposed to multiculturalism and egalitarianism by race and sex, mostly active on the Internet. | (countable, rare) A member of the alt-right; an alt-righter.


lexentry: eng/alt_key__Noun__1
written_rep: alt key
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[кла́виша]] альт | альт
sense_list:
(computing) A key on a personal computer or terminal keyboard used in combination to alter the function of other keys.


lexentry: eng/alter_ego__Noun__1
written_rep: alter ego
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: а́льтер э́го | друго́е я
sense_list:
(law) A corporation used by a person to conduct personal business in an attempt to shield himself or herself from personal liability, and which a court may penetrate by "piercing the corporate veil" to impose liability on the person when they commit fraud or injustice.


lexentry: eng/alternate__Adjective__1
written_rep: alternate
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чередующийся
sense_list:
Happening by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place; first one and then the other (repeatedly).


lexentry: eng/alternate__Adjective__1
written_rep: alternate
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: альтернативный
sense_list:
(mathematics) Designating the members in a series, which regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second.


lexentry: eng/alternate__Verb__1
written_rep: alternate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сменя́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to interchange regularly.


lexentry: eng/alternating__Adjective__1
written_rep: alternating
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: переме́нный | попереме́нный | череду́ющийся
sense_list:
That alternates. | (mathematics, of a series) Having terms that alternate between positive and negative.


lexentry: eng/alternating_current__Noun__1
written_rep: alternating current
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: знакопереме́нный ток | периодический двунаправленный переменный ток
sense_list:
(physics) An electric current in which the direction of flow of the electrons reverses periodically.


lexentry: eng/alternation__Noun__1
written_rep: alternation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сме́на | чередова́ние
sense_list:
The reciprocal succession of (normally two) things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence


lexentry: eng/alternative__Noun__1
written_rep: alternative
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альтернати́ва | альтернатива
sense_list:
A situation which allows a mutually exclusive choice between two or more possibilities; a choice between two or more possibilities. [from 17th c.] | One of several mutually exclusive things which can be chosen. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/alternative_country__Noun__1
written_rep: alternative country
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альт-ка́нтри
sense_list:
A kind of indie country music meshing traditional forms of country music with diverse musical styles like folk, pop, punk and heavy metal.


lexentry: eng/alternative_dispute_resolution__Noun__1
written_rep: alternative dispute resolution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альтернати́вное урегули́рование спо́ров
sense_list:
(legal) The resolution of a dispute through negotiation, mediation, arbitration, or similar means, as opposed to litigation.


lexentry: eng/alternative_hypothesis__Noun__1
written_rep: alternative hypothesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альтернати́вная гипо́теза
sense_list:
(statistics) A rival hypothesis to the null hypothesis. Their likelihoods are compared by a statistical hypothesis test.


lexentry: eng/alternative_medicine__Noun__1
written_rep: alternative medicine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альтернати́вная медици́на | нетрадицио́нная медици́на
sense_list:
Any of various pseudoscientific medical methods and practices used in place of, or as well as, conventional (scientific) medicine.


lexentry: eng/alternative_rock__Noun__1
written_rep: alternative rock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альтернати́вный рок
sense_list:
(music genre) A genre of rock music that is normally published on independent labels, comprising of many different subgenres, mostly distinguished by the prevalence of thick and distorted guitar music.


lexentry: eng/alternator__Noun__1
written_rep: alternator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альтернатор
sense_list:
(electrical engineering) An electric generator which produces alternating current through mechanical means.


lexentry: eng/although__Conjunction__1
written_rep: although
part_of_speech: conjunction
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хоть | несмотря́ на то́, что | хоть и | хотя́
sense_list:
Though, even though, in spite of or despite the fact that: introducing a clause that expresses a concession.


lexentry: eng/altitude__Noun__1
written_rep: altitude
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: высота́ | возвы́шенность
sense_list:
(geometry) The distance measured perpendicularly from a figure's vertex to the opposite side of the vertex.


lexentry: eng/alto__Noun__1
written_rep: alto
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альт
sense_list:
A musical part or section higher than tenor and lower than soprano, formerly the part that performed a countermelody above the tenor or main melody. | A person or musical instrument that performs the alto part.


lexentry: eng/altocumulus__Noun__1
written_rep: altocumulus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: высоко-кучева́я
sense_list:
(physics, meteorology) A fleecy cloud formation consisting of large whitish or greyish globular cloudlets with shaded portions, often grouped in flocks or rows. (Abbreviated Ac.)


lexentry: eng/altostratus__Noun__1
written_rep: altostratus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: высоко-слои́стая
sense_list:
(physics, meteorology) A principal medium-level cloud type in the form of a gray or bluish (never white) sheet or layer of striated, fibrous, or uniform appearance.


lexentry: eng/altruism__Noun__1
written_rep: altruism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альтруи́зм | альтруизм
sense_list:
Regard for others, both natural and moral without regard for oneself; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness. | (biology, sociobiology) Action or behaviour that benefits another or others at some cost to the performer.


lexentry: eng/alubukhara__Noun__1
written_rep: alubukhara
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альбухара
sense_list:
A cultivar of plum found in Turkestan, Iran and the South Caucasus, commonly eaten as a prune (dried plum).


lexentry: eng/alum__Noun__1
written_rep: alum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квасцы́ | квасцы
sense_list:
An astringent salt, usually occurring in the form of pale crystals, much used in the dyeing and tanning trade and in certain medicines, and now understood to be a double sulphate of potassium and aluminium (K2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O). [from 14th c.] | (inorganic compound) Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/alumina__Noun__1
written_rep: alumina
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: глинозём
sense_list:
Aluminum oxide, especially when used in mining, material sciences or ceramics, a refractory solid compound.


lexentry: eng/aluminium__Noun__1
written_rep: aluminium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алюми́ний | алюминий
sense_list:
A light, silvery metal extracted from bauxite, and a chemical element (symbol Al) with an atomic number of 13.


lexentry: eng/aluminium_foil__Noun__1
written_rep: aluminium foil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[алюминиевый|алюми́ниевая]] [[фольга́]] | альфо́ль | фольга́
sense_list:
(Australia, Britain, New Zealand) A very thin, pliable, easily torn sheet of aluminium used for cooking, packaging, cosmetics, and insulation.


lexentry: eng/aluminium_hydroxide__Noun__1
written_rep: aluminium hydroxide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гидроо́кись алюми́ния
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) The hydrated form of alumina, having the formula Al(OH)3; it reacts with bases to form aluminates.


lexentry: eng/aluminium_oxide__Noun__1
written_rep: aluminium oxide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: окси́д алюми́ния
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) The solid, Al2O3, commonly known as alumina; it occurs as bauxite, sapphire, ruby and other forms; it is used in the manufacture of ceramics


lexentry: eng/alunite__Noun__1
written_rep: alunite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: алуни́т | алунит
sense_list:
(mineral) A gray whitish, water-soluble mineral, potassium aluminium sulphate; the natural source of alum, KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6.


lexentry: eng/alveolar__Adjective__1
written_rep: alveolar
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альвеоля́рный
sense_list:
(anatomy, relational) Relating to the alveoli (small air sacs) of the lungs. | (phonetics) Formed with the tongue touching or approaching the inner ridge of the gums of the upper front teeth. | (anatomy, relational) Relating to the glands with secretory cells about a central space.


lexentry: eng/alveolus__Noun__1
written_rep: alveolus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: альвеола
sense_list:
(anatomy) Any of the many tiny air sacs in the lungs in which the bronchioles terminate and where oxygen and carbon dioxide are rapidly exchanged with the pulmonary capillaries.


lexentry: eng/always__Adverb__1
written_rep: always
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: всегда́ | постоя́нно | ве́чно | всё вре́мя
sense_list:
Constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals (opposed to sometimes or occasionally).


lexentry: eng/alyssum__Noun__1
written_rep: alyssum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бурачо́к
sense_list:
Any of several plants, of the genus Alyssum, mostly of Eurasian origin, that have racemes of white or yellow flowers.


lexentry: eng/amadou__Noun__1
written_rep: amadou
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: трут
sense_list:
A spongy, flammable substance prepared from bracket fungi, formerly used as a styptic and as tinder.


lexentry: eng/amalgamated__Adjective__1
written_rep: amalgamated
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: объединённый
sense_list:
Combined from two or more entities into one specific entity whilst retaining the defining characteristics of the original source entities.


lexentry: eng/amalgamation__Noun__1
written_rep: amalgamation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: сплав
sense_list:
(specifically) The production of an alloy of mercury and another metal, especially used in antiquity to extract gold and silver from ores.


lexentry: eng/amaranth__Noun__1
written_rep: amaranth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: амара́нтовый цвет | красно-пурпу́рный цвет | пурпу́рно-кра́сный цвет
sense_list:
The characteristic purplish-red colour of the flowers or leaves of these plants. | (organic compound) A red to purple azo dye used as a biological stain, and in some countries in cosmetics and as a food colouring. See Amaranth (dye).


lexentry: eng/amaretto__Noun__1
written_rep: amaretto
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амаре́тто | амаретто
sense_list:
(uncountable, countable) A sweet-bitter liqueur originating from Italy (but also produced in Turkey), flavored with almonds and a secret blend-specific mix of some 200 ingredients such as the pits from apricots, peaches, cherries or other stone fruits.


lexentry: eng/amateur__Noun__1
written_rep: amateur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: люби́тель | люби́тельница | любитель
sense_list:
A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, science, or art (such as music or painting), especially one who cultivates any study, interest, taste, or attachment without engaging in it professionally.


lexentry: eng/amateur_radio__Noun__1
written_rep: amateur radio
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиолюби́тельство
sense_list:
The hobby or pastime of communicating by two-way radio, often striving for “DX” QSOs that are challenging because of distance.


lexentry: eng/amateurish__Adjective__1
written_rep: amateurish
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: люби́тельский | непрофессиона́льный
sense_list:
(pejorative) Suggesting or reflecting the efforts of an amateur; not seeming professional or polished.


lexentry: eng/amazed__Adjective__1
written_rep: amazed
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ошеломленный
sense_list:
Astonished or confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder; greatly surprised (often with ensuing adpositions e.g. at, with, or by).


lexentry: eng/amazement__Noun__1
written_rep: amazement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: изумле́ние | удивле́ние
sense_list:
(uncountable) The condition of being amazed; a state of overwhelming wonder, as from surprise or sudden fear, horror, or admiration; astonishment.


lexentry: eng/amban__Noun__1
written_rep: amban
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амба́н | амба́нь
sense_list:
(now, _, historical) A Chinese official under the Qing Dynasty, especially the ranking official or provincial governor in a semi-independent territory under Chinese rule.


lexentry: eng/ambassador__Noun__1
written_rep: ambassador
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: посо́л | посол
sense_list:
A minister of the highest rank sent to a foreign court to represent there his sovereign or country. (Sometimes called ambassador-in-residence) | An official messenger and representative.


lexentry: eng/amber__Noun__1
written_rep: amber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: янта́рь | янтарь
sense_list:
A hard, generally yellow to brown translucent or transparent fossil resin from extinct coniferous trees of the pine genus, used for jewellery, decoration and later dissolved as a binder in varnishes. One variety, blue amber, appears blue rather than yellow under direct sunlight. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/amber__Noun__1
written_rep: amber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: жёлтый (свет)
sense_list:
(British, AU) The intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights, which when illuminated indicates that drivers should stop when safe to do so. See also yellow light.


lexentry: eng/ambergris__Noun__1
written_rep: ambergris
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́мбра | амбра
sense_list:
A solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish color, produced in the intestines of the sperm whale. It is used in perfumes.


lexentry: eng/amberjack__Noun__1
written_rep: amberjack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кашалот
sense_list:
Any of several large food and game yellowtail fishes of the genus Seriola, found in warm waters of all oceans.


lexentry: eng/ambigram__Noun__1
written_rep: ambigram
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амбигра́мма
sense_list:
A calligraphic design that may be read as the same word or phrase (or sometimes different words or phrases) when oriented in two different ways, usually when reflected along a vertical or horizontal axis or when rotated through 180 degrees.


lexentry: eng/ambiguity__Noun__1
written_rep: ambiguity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: двусмы́сленность | нея́сность
sense_list:
(countable) words or statements that are open to more than one interpretation, explanation or meaning, especially if that meaning cannot be determined from its context.


lexentry: eng/ambition__Noun__1
written_rep: ambition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амби́ция | амбиция
sense_list:
(uncountable, countable) Eager or inordinate desire for some object that confers distinction, as preferment, honor, superiority, political power, or fame; desire to distinguish one's self from other people.


lexentry: eng/ambition__Noun__1
written_rep: ambition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: мечта́ | цель
sense_list:
(obsolete) The act of going about to solicit or obtain an office, or any other object of desire; canvassing.


lexentry: eng/ambitious__Adjective__1
written_rep: ambitious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амбицио́зный | показно́й | претенцио́зный | честолюби́вый
sense_list:
(of a person or their character) Having or showing ambition; wanting a lot of power, honor, respect, superiority, or other distinction.


lexentry: eng/ambivalence__Noun__1
written_rep: ambivalence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амбивале́нтность | неоднозна́чность
sense_list:
The coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings (such as love and hate) towards a person, object or idea.


lexentry: eng/ambivalent__Adjective__1
written_rep: ambivalent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дво́йственный | противоречи́вый
sense_list:
Simultaneously experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings, beliefs, or motivations.


lexentry: eng/amblyopia__Noun__1
written_rep: amblyopia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амблиопи́я
sense_list:
Dimness or blurring of the eyesight due to a fault in transmission of signals to the brain from an otherwise healthy eye.


lexentry: eng/ambo__Noun__1
written_rep: ambo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амво́н
sense_list:
A raised platform in an early Christian church, as well as in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic churches. | (Roman Catholicism) A stationary podium used for readings and homilies.


lexentry: eng/ambrosia__Noun__1
written_rep: ambrosia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: амбро́зия | амброзия
sense_list:
Any fungus of a number of species that insects such as ambrosia beetles carry as symbionts, "farming" them on poor-quality food such as wood, where they grow, providing food for the insect.


lexentry: eng/ambrosin__Noun__1
written_rep: ambrosin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амбрози́но
sense_list:
(numismatics) An early coin struck by the dukes of Milan, and bearing the effigy of St. Ambrose on its horseback.


lexentry: eng/ambulance__Noun__1
written_rep: ambulance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ско́рая по́мощь | неотло́жка | санита́рная маши́на | ско́рая
sense_list:
An emergency vehicle designed for transporting seriously ill or injured people to a hospital. [1854]


lexentry: eng/ambush__Noun__1
written_rep: ambush
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: заса́да
sense_list:
The act of concealing oneself and lying in wait to attack by surprise. | An attack launched from a concealed position. | The troops posted in a concealed place, for attacking by surprise; those who lie in wait.


lexentry: eng/amend__Verb__1
written_rep: amend
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: исправля́ться | соверше́нствоваться | улучша́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To become better. | (obsolete, intransitive) To be healed, to be cured, to recover (from an illness).


lexentry: eng/amend__Verb__1
written_rep: amend
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: [[вноси́ть]] [[изменение|измене́ния]] | [[вноси́ть]] [[поправка|попра́вки]]
sense_list:
(transitive) To make a formal alteration (in legislation, a report, etc.) by adding, deleting, or rephrasing.


lexentry: eng/amendment__Noun__1
written_rep: amendment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: измене́ние | попра́вка
sense_list:
In public bodies, any alteration made or proposed to be made in a bill or motion that adds, changes, substitutes, or omits.


lexentry: eng/amide__Noun__1
written_rep: amide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ами́д
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any derivative of an oxoacid in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group; especially such derivatives of a carboxylic acid, the carboxamides or acid amides | (inorganic chemistry) Any ionic derivative of ammonia in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced with a metal cation (R-NH- or R2N-)


lexentry: eng/amigurumi__Noun__1
written_rep: amigurumi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амигуру́ми
sense_list:
(uncountable, knitting) The Japanese art of crocheting or knitting stuffed yarn toys, typically creatures having oversized heads.


lexentry: eng/aminal__Noun__1
written_rep: aminal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амин
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound having two amino functional groups attached to the same carbon atom - R2C(NR2)2


lexentry: eng/amino_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: amino acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аминокислота́ | аминокислота
sense_list:
(amino acid) Any organic compound containing both an amino and a carboxylic acid functional group. | (amino acid) Any of the twenty naturally occurring α-amino acids (having the amino, and carboxylic acid groups on the same carbon atom), and a variety of side chains, that combine, via peptide bonds, to form proteins.


lexentry: eng/amira__Noun__1
written_rep: amira
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амира́
sense_list:
(historical) A member of a wealthy class of Armenian grandees in Constantinople which was in charge of national Armenian matters in the Ottoman Empire before the Armenian National Constitution of 1860 was adopted.


lexentry: eng/amirspasalar__Noun__1
written_rep: amirspasalar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амирспасала́р
sense_list:
(historical) the commander-in-chief of the medieval Georgian army and one of the highest officials of the Kingdom of Georgia


lexentry: eng/ammonia__Noun__1
written_rep: ammonia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аммиа́к | аммиак
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) A gaseous compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3, with a pungent smell and taste.


lexentry: eng/ammonite__Noun__1
written_rep: ammonite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аммони́т
sense_list:
(paleontology) Any of an extinct group of cephalopods of the subclass Ammonoidea; a fossil shell of such an animal.


lexentry: eng/ammonite__Noun__2
written_rep: ammonite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аммони́т
sense_list:
An explosive prepared from a mixture of TNT and ammonium nitrate; a form of amatol, popular in Eastern Europe and China.


lexentry: eng/ammonium_chloride__Noun__1
written_rep: ammonium chloride
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: солёная лакрица
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) A water-soluble salt of ammonia and hydrochloric acid, having the formula NH4Cl.


lexentry: eng/ammonium_nitrate__Noun__1
written_rep: ammonium nitrate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аммиачная селитра
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) The ammonium salt of nitric acid, NH4NO3; it is used in fertilizers and explosives (notoriously in improvised explosive devices, though its main importance is as an explosive in its own right and in mixtures such as amatol and ANFO).


lexentry: eng/ammunition__Noun__1
written_rep: ammunition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амуни́ция | боевой припас | боеприпас
sense_list:
Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps, rockets, etc.


lexentry: eng/amnesty__Noun__1
written_rep: amnesty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: поми́лование | амни́стия | амнистия
sense_list:
An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion, or a general pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned in an insurrection.


lexentry: eng/amnion__Noun__1
written_rep: amnion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амнио́н
sense_list:
(anatomy) The innermost membrane of the fetal membranes of reptiles, birds, and mammals; the sac in which the embryo is suspended.


lexentry: eng/amniotic_fluid__Noun__1
written_rep: amniotic fluid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: о̀колопло́дная жи́дкость
sense_list:
(zoology) In placental mammals, a fluid contained within the amnion membrane that surrounds a developing embryo or fetus.


lexentry: eng/amoeba__Noun__1
written_rep: amoeba
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амёба
sense_list:
(biology) A member of the genus Amoeba of unicellular protozoa that moves by means of temporary projections called pseudopodia.


lexentry: eng/amoebiasis__Noun__1
written_rep: amoebiasis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: амёбиа́з
sense_list:
(medicine) An infectious disease caused by the parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica; amoebic dysentery.


lexentry: eng/amortization__Noun__1
written_rep: amortization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: амортиза́ция
sense_list:
The distribution of the cost of an intangible asset, such as an intellectual property right, over the projected useful life of the asset.


lexentry: eng/amortize__Verb__1
written_rep: amortize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: погаси́ть | погаша́ть
sense_list:
(real estate, real estate law, transitive) To alienate (property) in mortmain. | (business, finance, transitive) To wipe out (a debt, liability etc.) gradually or in installments.


lexentry: eng/amount__Noun__1
written_rep: amount
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коли́чество | су́мма
sense_list:
The total, aggregate or sum of material (not applicable to discrete numbers or units or items in standard English).


lexentry: eng/amount_of_substance__Noun__1
written_rep: amount of substance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: количество вещества
sense_list:
(physical chemistry) The number of particles or formula units (depending on type) present of some substance in some sample; SI unit: mole.


lexentry: eng/amoxicillin__Noun__1
written_rep: amoxicillin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амоксицилли́н
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) A moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic beta-lactam antibiotic C16H19N3O5S closely related to ampicillin and with similar properties, but more readily absorbed when taken orally. It is used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms.


lexentry: eng/amp__Verb__1
written_rep: amp
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: мотивировать
sense_list:
(colloquial, usually, with up) To excite. | (colloquial, usually, with up) To connect to amplifiers.


lexentry: eng/ampelography__Noun__1
written_rep: ampelography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ампелография
sense_list:
(botany, oenology) The discipline within botany concerned with the taxonomy of cultivars in the grapevine genus, Vitis.


lexentry: eng/ampere-hour__Noun__1
written_rep: ampere-hour
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ампе́р-час | ампер-час
sense_list:
(physics) a unit of electric charge, equal to the charge transferred by a current of one ampere in one hour through a specified point in a circuit, equal to 3600 coulombs.


lexentry: eng/ampere__Noun__1
written_rep: ampere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ампе́р | ампер
sense_list:
A unit of electrical current, the standard base unit in the International System of Units; colloquially amp. Abbreviation: amp, Symbol: A


lexentry: eng/amphibian__Noun__1
written_rep: amphibian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: земново́дное | амфи́бия
sense_list:
An animal of the Amphibia; any four-legged vertebrate that does not have amniotic eggs, living both on land and in water. | A vehicle which can operate on both land and water.


lexentry: eng/amphibole__Noun__1
written_rep: amphibole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амфибо́л | амфибол
sense_list:
(mineral) Any of a large group of structurally similar hydrated double silicate minerals, containing various combinations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminium.


lexentry: eng/amphibrach__Noun__1
written_rep: amphibrach
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: амфибра́хий
sense_list:
(prosody) A metrical foot in modern prosody, consisting of three syllables, the middle one of which is stressed (e.g. Jamaica).


lexentry: eng/amphiprostyle__Adjective__1
written_rep: amphiprostyle
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амфипро́стиль
sense_list:
(architecture, chiefly, historical, of a, temple, or, edifice) Having columns at either end but not along the sides.


lexentry: eng/amphisbaena__Noun__1
written_rep: amphisbaena
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амфисбена | амфисбены
sense_list:
(mythological creature) A mythical serpent having a head at each end of its body, able to move in either direction.


lexentry: eng/amphitheatre__Noun__1
written_rep: amphitheatre
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амфитеа́тр
sense_list:
An open, outdoor theatre (which may be a theatre in the round, or have a stage with seating on only one side), especially one from the classical period of ancient Greece or Rome, or a modern venue of similar design.


lexentry: eng/amphora__Noun__1
written_rep: amphora
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́мфора | амфора
sense_list:
(chiefly, _, historical) A large vessel, especially a thin-necked clay vat used in ancient Greece and Rome for storing and transporting wine and oil.


lexentry: eng/amphoric__Adjective__1
written_rep: amphoric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: амфорный
sense_list:
(medicine) Produced by or indicating a hollow cavity in the lungs, giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an empty decanter.


lexentry: eng/amphoteric__Adjective__1
written_rep: amphoteric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амфотерный
sense_list:
(chemistry) Having the characteristics of both an acid and a base, and capable of reacting as either; amphiprotic. [from 1832]


lexentry: eng/amplification__Noun__1
written_rep: amplification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: усиле́ние
sense_list:
(electronics) Gain. | (organic chemistry) A procedure used in the nomenclature of complex organic compounds in which the superatoms of a basic structure (a phane) are replaced by cyclic structures (amplificants).


lexentry: eng/amplifier__Noun__1
written_rep: amplifier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: усили́тель | усилитель
sense_list:
Anything that amplifies, or makes something larger or more intense. | (electronics) An appliance or circuit that increases the strength of a weak electrical signal without changing the other characteristics of the signal.


lexentry: eng/amplitude__Noun__1
written_rep: amplitude
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: амплиту́да | амплитуда
sense_list:
(mathematics) The maximum absolute value of the vertical component of a curve or function, especially one that is periodic. | (physics) The maximum absolute value of some quantity that varies.


lexentry: eng/amplitude_modulation__Noun__1
written_rep: amplitude modulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амплиту́дная модуля́ция
sense_list:
(radio) A method of sending information by modifying (modulating) the intensity (amplitude) of a carrier wave.


lexentry: eng/amulet__Noun__1
written_rep: amulet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амуле́т | талисма́н | обере́г
sense_list:
A kind of protective charm or ornament, often bearing magical symbols, worn for protection against ill will, negative influences, or evil spirits.


lexentry: eng/amuse__Verb__1
written_rep: amuse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: забавля́ть | позаба́вить | развле́чь | развлека́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To entertain or occupy (someone or something) in a pleasant manner; to stir (someone) with pleasing emotions.


lexentry: eng/amuse__Verb__1
written_rep: amuse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: завле́чь | завлека́ть | отвле́чь | отвлека́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, archaic) To keep in expectation; to beguile; to delude. | (transitive, archaic) To occupy or engage the attention of; to lose in deep thought; to absorb; also, to distract; to bewilder.


lexentry: eng/amygdala__Noun__1
written_rep: amygdala
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: миндалеви́дное те́ло | мозжечко́вая минда́лина
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) Each one of the two regions of the brain, located as a pair in the medial temporal lobe, believed to play a key role in processing emotions, such as fear and pleasure, in both animals and humans.


lexentry: eng/amygdalin__Noun__1
written_rep: amygdalin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амигдалин
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A glycoside of benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide found in bitter almonds, and in the kernels of some other fruit.


lexentry: eng/amylase__Noun__1
written_rep: amylase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амила́за
sense_list:
(enzyme) Any of a class of digestive enzymes, present in saliva and also contributed to the gut by the exocrine pancreas, that break down complex carbohydrates such as starch into simpler sugars such as glucose.


lexentry: eng/amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis__Noun__1
written_rep: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: боковой амиотрофический склероз
sense_list:
(neurology, pathology) A chronic, progressive disease characterized by degeneration of the central nervous system and the loss of voluntary muscle control.


lexentry: eng/an_arm_and_a_leg__Noun__1
written_rep: an arm and a leg
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кру́гленькая су́мма | сто́ить це́лое состоя́ние
sense_list:
(idiomatic, hyperbole) Usually used after the verb cost, but also often charge, pay, and spend: a very high price for an item or service; an exorbitant price


lexentry: eng/an_eye_for_an_eye,_a_tooth_for_a_tooth__Proverb__1
written_rep: an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: о́ко за о́ко, зуб за зуб
sense_list:
(idiomatic) compensation for injury caused by a person, in the form of inflicting of an identical injury on that person.


lexentry: eng/anabiosis__Noun__1
written_rep: anabiosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анабио́з
sense_list:
(biology) A state of suspended animation, especially during extreme drought; the act of recovering from this state.


lexentry: eng/anachronism__Noun__1
written_rep: anachronism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анахрони́зм | анахронизм
sense_list:
A chronological mistake; the erroneous dating of an event, circumstance, or object. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anachronism__Noun__1
written_rep: anachronism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: анахрони́зм | пережи́ток | анахронизм
sense_list:
A person or thing which seems to belong to a different time or period of time. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anachronistic__Adjective__1
written_rep: anachronistic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анахрони́ческий | анахрони́чный
sense_list:
Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism; in a wrong time; not applicable to or not appropriate for the time.


lexentry: eng/anaconda__Noun__1
written_rep: anaconda
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анако́нда | анаконда
sense_list:
Any of various large nonvenomous snakes of the genus Eunectes, found mainly in northern South America. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anacreontic__Adjective__1
written_rep: anacreontic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анакреонтический
sense_list:
(prosody) Pertaining to the style of the Greek poet Anacreon, who wrote of wine and love; (specifically) designating a metre based on an anaclastic ionic dimeter. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/anadrom__Noun__1
written_rep: anadrom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: проходна́я ры́ба
sense_list:
(zoology) Any anadromous fish, a fish that lives in the sea and goes up rivers to breed in fresh water.


lexentry: eng/anal-retentive__Adjective__1
written_rep: anal-retentive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гражда́нский
sense_list:
(psychology, Freudian) Preoccupied with achieving perfection, order and control and with collecting, possessing, and retaining objects.


lexentry: eng/anal__Adjective__1
written_rep: anal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: анальный
sense_list:
(psychoanalysis) Of the stage in psychosexual development when the child's interest is alleged to be concentrated on the anal region. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anal__Adjective__1
written_rep: anal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: буквое́д
sense_list:
(psychology) Of a person, compulsive and stubborn, obsessed with neatness and accuracy, supposedly from not having progressed beyond the anal stage. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anal_sex__Noun__1
written_rep: anal sex
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ана́л | ана́льный секс
sense_list:
A sexual activity involving stimulation of a sexual partner's anus or rectum, especially by penetration with a penis or object.


lexentry: eng/analcime__Noun__1
written_rep: analcime
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анальцим
sense_list:
(mineral) A sodium aluminosilicate with a chemical formula NaAlSi2O6·H2O, having a zeolite structure, found in alkaline basalts.


lexentry: eng/analemma__Noun__1
written_rep: analemma
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анале́мма
sense_list:
A figure-eight curve that results when the Sun's position in the sky is plotted out over the year at the same hour of mean solar time every day. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/analgesic__Noun__1
written_rep: analgesic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анальге́тик
sense_list:
(pharmacology) Any medicine, such as aspirin, that reduces pain, especially without inducing a loss of other sensation. (Contrast anesthetic.)


lexentry: eng/analog__Adjective__1
written_rep: analog
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ана́логовый
sense_list:
(of a device or system) In which the value of a data item (such as time) is represented by a continuous(ly) variable physical quantity that can be measured (such as the shadow of a sundial).


lexentry: eng/analog__Noun__1
written_rep: analog
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ана́лог
sense_list:
(countable) Something that bears an analogy to something else. | (countable, biology) An organ or structure that is similar in function to one in another kind of organism but is of dissimilar evolutionary origin. | (chemistry) A structural derivative of a parent compound that differs from it by only one or a few atoms or substituent groups; (usually, especially) such a molecule that retains most of the same chemical properties.


lexentry: eng/analog_signal__Noun__1
written_rep: analog signal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аналоговый сигнал
sense_list:
A signal that can vary in a continuous manner (as opposed to a digital signal that only takes discrete values).


lexentry: eng/analogous__Adjective__1
written_rep: analogous
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: подо́бный | аналоги́чный | схо́дный
sense_list:
Having analogy, the status of an analogue; corresponding to something else; bearing some resemblance or similar proportion (often followed by "to".)


lexentry: eng/analogy__Noun__1
written_rep: analogy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анало́гия | схо́дство | подо́бие
sense_list:
A relationship of resemblance or equivalence between two situations, people, or objects, especially when used as a basis for explanation or extrapolation.


lexentry: eng/analphabet__Noun__1
written_rep: analphabet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: негра́мотный
sense_list:
A person who does not know the letters of the alphabet; a partly or wholly illiterate person. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/analysis__Noun__1
written_rep: analysis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ана́лиз | разбо́р | иссле́дование
sense_list:
(countable) Decomposition into components in order to study (a complex thing, concept, theory etc.).


lexentry: eng/analysis__Noun__1
written_rep: analysis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: разбо́р | ана́лиз | анализ
sense_list:
(uncountable, mathematics) A broad field of study in modern mathematics (often mentioned alongside algebra) which developed out of the calculus, concerned with the behavior of functions, sequences, series, limits, metric spaces, measures and more.


lexentry: eng/analysis__Noun__1
written_rep: analysis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: ана́лиз | разложе́ние | анализ
sense_list:
(countable, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry) The process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts, or the result of this process.


lexentry: eng/analytic__Adjective__1
written_rep: analytic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аналити́ческий
sense_list:
Of, or relating to any form of analysis, or to analytics. | Of, or relating to division into elements or principles. | (mathematics) Of, or relating to algebra or a similar method of analysis. | (analysis) Being defined in terms of objects of differential calculus such as derivatives.


lexentry: eng/analytic_geometry__Noun__1
written_rep: analytic geometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аналити́ческая геоме́трия
sense_list:
(geometry) The subbranch of geometry that investigates geometrical figures via the mathematical properties of their representations in a coordinate system.


lexentry: eng/analyze__Verb__1
written_rep: analyze
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: анализи́ровать | проанализи́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive) To examine in such a manner as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; as, to analyze a fossil substance, to analyze a sentence or a word, or to analyze an action to ascertain its morality.


lexentry: eng/analyzer__Noun__1
written_rep: analyzer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анализатор
sense_list:
(US) an instrument for the analysis of something | (US) a person who analyzes | (optics) a type of polarizer


lexentry: eng/anapest__Noun__1
written_rep: anapest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ана́пест
sense_list:
(prosody) In quantitative meter, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two short, then one long. | (prosody) A fragment, phrase or line of poetry or verse using this meter.


lexentry: eng/anaphase__Noun__1
written_rep: anaphase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анафаза
sense_list:
(cytology) The stage of mitosis and meiosis during which the chromosomes separate; the chromatid moving to opposite poles of the cell.


lexentry: eng/anaphora__Noun__1
written_rep: anaphora
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ана́фора | анафора
sense_list:
(figure of speech) The repetition of a phrase at the beginning of phrases, sentences, or verses, used for emphasis. | (linguistics) An expression that refers to a preceding expression.


lexentry: eng/anaphylactic_shock__Noun__1
written_rep: anaphylactic shock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анафилакти́ческий шок
sense_list:
A severe and rapid systemic allergic reaction to an allergen, constricting the trachea and causing generalized vasodilation.


lexentry: eng/anarchism__Noun__1
written_rep: anarchism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анархи́зм | анархизм
sense_list:
A political and philosophical belief that all forms of involuntary rule or government are undesirable, unnecessary, or unethical, and as such that society would function without a state. | A belief that proposes the abolition of hierarchy and authority in most forms.


lexentry: eng/anarchist__Noun__1
written_rep: anarchist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анархи́ст | анархи́стка | анархист
sense_list:
One who believes in or advocates the absence of hierarchy and authority in most forms (compare anarchism), especially one who works toward the realization of such.


lexentry: eng/anarcho-capitalism__Noun__1
written_rep: anarcho-capitalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анархо-капитали́зм
sense_list:
(politics, economics) A political and economic philosophy that advocates the elimination of the state and other coercive institutions in favour of individual self-ownership and free market.


lexentry: eng/anarcho-communism__Noun__1
written_rep: anarcho-communism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анархический коммунизм
sense_list:
(politics, economics) A form of anarchism advocating the abolition of the state and capitalism in favor of a horizontal network of voluntary associations through which people would satisfy their needs.


lexentry: eng/anarcho-syndicalism__Noun__1
written_rep: anarcho-syndicalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анархо-синдикализм
sense_list:
A branch or field of anarchism that focuses on the abolition of capitalism through the organization of revolutionary worker syndicates.


lexentry: eng/anarchy_of_production__Noun__1
written_rep: anarchy of production
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ана́рхия произво́дства
sense_list:
(Marxism, politics) According to Marxist theory, the chaotic and volatile nature of all commodity production based on private property, as opposed to planned economies.


lexentry: eng/anastomosis__Noun__1
written_rep: anastomosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: анастомоз
sense_list:
An interconnection between any two channels, passages or vessels. | (surgery) The surgical creation of a connecting passage between blood vessels, bowels or other channels.


lexentry: eng/anathema__Noun__1
written_rep: anathema
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ана́фема | анафема
sense_list:
(ecclesiastical, historical) A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, often accompanied by excommunication; something denounced as accursed. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/anatomical_snuffbox__Noun__1
written_rep: anatomical snuffbox
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анатомическая табакерка
sense_list:
(anatomy) A triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the hand, bounded by extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.


lexentry: eng/anatomy__Noun__1
written_rep: anatomy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анато́мия | анатомирова́ние | анатомия
sense_list:
The art of studying the different parts of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy.


lexentry: eng/anatta__Noun__1
written_rep: anatta
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ана́тман | ана́тта
sense_list:
(Buddhism) The idea that there is no separate self or soul; egolessness. One of the three marks of existence.


lexentry: eng/ancestor__Noun__1
written_rep: ancestor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пра́щур | праоте́ц | прароди́тель | пре́док
sense_list:
One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a forefather.


lexentry: eng/anchorage__Noun__1
written_rep: anchorage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: я́корная стоя́нка
sense_list:
(nautical) A fee charged for anchoring. | The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at anchor.


lexentry: eng/anchorman__Noun__1
written_rep: anchorman
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: диктор
sense_list:
(television, radio) The main host of a television or radio program, particularly one relating to the broadcast of news. | (athletics) The most reliable runner in a relay team, usually the one that runs last.


lexentry: eng/anchovy__Noun__1
written_rep: anchovy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анчо́ус | хамса́ | анчоус
sense_list:
Any small saltwater fish of the Engraulidae family, consisting of 160 species in 16 genera, of which the genus Engraulis is widely sold as food.


lexentry: eng/ancient__Adjective__1
written_rep: ancient
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: дре́вний
sense_list:
Existent or occurring in time long past, usually in remote ages; belonging to or associated with antiquity; old, as opposed to modern.


lexentry: eng/ancient_history__Noun__1
written_rep: ancient history
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анти́чная исто́рия | исто́рия дре́внего ми́ра
sense_list:
A period of history generally seen as occurring before the Middle Ages, that is, before the fall of the Roman Empire. Includes Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.


lexentry: eng/ancient_monument__Noun__1
written_rep: ancient monument
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: памятник
sense_list:
an old or ancient building or other structure, or a site of historical interest that is usually looked after by an official organization.


lexentry: eng/and!slash!or__Conjunction__1
written_rep: and/or
part_of_speech: conjunction
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: и́/и́ли
sense_list:
Joins two alternatives to mean either or both; indicates that inclusive or is meant where or alone might be taken to mean exclusive or.


lexentry: eng/and__Conjunction__1
written_rep: and
part_of_speech: conjunction
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: и | а | да | но
sense_list:
Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (not dated); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/and__Conjunction__1
written_rep: and
part_of_speech: conjunction
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: и | а | но
sense_list:
(now, colloquial, or, literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.


lexentry: eng/and_all__Phrase__1
written_rep: and all
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: и так далее
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Including every object, attribute, or process associated with preceding item or series of items.


lexentry: eng/and_then_some__Phrase__1
written_rep: and then some
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: и даже больше
sense_list:
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to confirm preceding utterance, while implying that what was said or asked is an understatement.


lexentry: eng/andalusite__Noun__1
written_rep: andalusite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: андалузи́т | андалузит
sense_list:
(mineral) An aluminium nesosilicate mineral, Al2SiO5, which can be cut into a gem and displays strong pleochroism, shifting between red, green, and yellow.


lexentry: eng/andesine__Noun__1
written_rep: andesine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: андезин
sense_list:
(mineral) Sodium calcium aluminum silicate, (Na_xCa_xAlSi_3O_8), a plagioclase feldspar, the third member of the albite-anorthite solid solution series. Found in fine-grained andesite lavas; crystals are rarely seen.


lexentry: eng/andesite__Noun__1
written_rep: andesite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: андези́т
sense_list:
(geology) Any of a class of fine-grained intermediate igneous rock, of volcanic origin, containing mostly plagioclase feldspar.


lexentry: eng/andiron__Noun__1
written_rep: andiron
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сковородень
sense_list:
(usually, in plural) A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side


lexentry: eng/androcentrism__Noun__1
written_rep: androcentrism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: андроцентризм
sense_list:
An ideological focus on males and men, and issues affecting them, possibly to the detriment of non-males.


lexentry: eng/androgen__Noun__1
written_rep: androgen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: андроге́н | андроген
sense_list:
(steroid hormone) Any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates. A male sex hormone such as testosterone or anabolic steroids.


lexentry: eng/andrology__Noun__1
written_rep: andrology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: андроло́гия | андрология
sense_list:
(medicine) The branch of medicine concerned with male diseases, especially those affecting the male reproductive system.


lexentry: eng/andropause__Noun__1
written_rep: andropause
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возрастно́й андроге́нный дефици́т
sense_list:
(medicine, endocrinology) The male equivalent of the menopause in women; characterized by a decline in libido and overall energy.


lexentry: eng/androsterone__Noun__1
written_rep: androsterone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: андростерон
sense_list:
(steroid hormone) An androgenic hormone, excreted in the urine, somewhat less active than testosterone.


lexentry: eng/anecdote__Noun__1
written_rep: anecdote
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: анекдо́т | [[забавный|заба́вная]] [[исто́рия]] | слу́чай | эпизо́д
sense_list:
An account which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis. | A previously untold secret account of an incident.


lexentry: eng/anemia__Noun__1
written_rep: anemia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: малокро́вие | анеми́я | анемия
sense_list:
(American spelling, uncountable, pathology) A medical condition in which the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues is reduced, either because of too few red blood cells, or because of too little hemoglobin, resulting in pallor and fatigue.


lexentry: eng/aneroid_barometer__Noun__1
written_rep: aneroid barometer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анеро́ид
sense_list:
A barometer in which variations in pressure are measured using a partially evacuated capsule whose sides move in and out.


lexentry: eng/anesthesia__Noun__1
written_rep: anesthesia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анестези́я | обезбо́ливание
sense_list:
(medicine, American spelling, Canadian spelling) An artificial method of preventing sensation, used to eliminate pain without causing loss of vital functions, by the administration of one or more agents which block pain impulses before transmitted to the brain.


lexentry: eng/anesthesiologist__Noun__1
written_rep: anesthesiologist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анестезио́лог
sense_list:
(American spelling, Canadian spelling) A physician who specializes in anesthesiology and administers anesthesia.


lexentry: eng/anesthetic__Noun__1
written_rep: anesthetic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обезбо́ливающее
sense_list:
(American spelling, medicine) A substance administered to reduce the perception of pain or to induce numbness for surgery and may render the recipient unconscious.


lexentry: eng/anesthetize__Verb__1
written_rep: anesthetize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анестези́ровать | обезбо́ливать | обезбо́лить
sense_list:
(transitive) To administer anesthesia to: to render unfeeling or unconscious through the use of narcotic substances, usually either alcohol or pharmaceutical drugs.


lexentry: eng/anestrus__Noun__1
written_rep: anestrus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анэ́струс
sense_list:
(zoology) In female placental mammals—excluding humans and great apes—a phase of the estrous cycle during which the sexual cycle rests.


lexentry: eng/aneurysm__Noun__1
written_rep: aneurysm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аневри́зма | аневризма
sense_list:
(pathology) An abnormal blood-filled swelling of an artery or vein, resulting from a localized weakness in the wall of the vessel.


lexentry: eng/angel__Noun__1
written_rep: angel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́нгел | ангел
sense_list:
An incorporeal and sometimes divine messenger from a deity, or other divine entity, often depicted in art as a youthful winged figure in flowing robes. | (Abrahamic tradition) One of the lowest order of such beings, below virtues. | A person having the qualities attributed to angels, such as purity or selflessness.


lexentry: eng/angel_shark__Noun__1
written_rep: angel shark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: морско́й анге́л | плоскоте́лая аку́ла | сквати́на
sense_list:
A member of the unusual genus Squatina of sharks with flattened bodies and broad pectoral fins resembling skates or rays. There are approximately 16 known species, which are the only members of their taxonomic genus, family and order. They occur worldwide in temperate and tropical seas.


lexentry: eng/angelic__Adjective__1
written_rep: angelic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́нгельский
sense_list:
Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel.


lexentry: eng/angelica__Noun__1
written_rep: angelica
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анге́лика | ду́дник | дя́гиль
sense_list:
A tall plant, with hollow stems, genus Angelica, especially garden angelica (Angelica archangelica).


lexentry: eng/angelology__Noun__1
written_rep: angelology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ангелоло́гия
sense_list:
The study of angels. Angels have been grouped into nine categories or “choirs,” from lowest to highest: angel, virtue, archangel, power, principality, dominion, throne, cherub, and seraph.


lexentry: eng/anger__Noun__1
written_rep: anger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гнев | злость | зло́ба
sense_list:
A strong feeling of displeasure, hostility, or antagonism towards someone or something, usually combined with an urge to harm, often stemming from perceived provocation, hurt, or threat.


lexentry: eng/angiography__Noun__1
written_rep: angiography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ангиогра́фия
sense_list:
(medicine) A medical imaging technique in which an X-ray image is taken to visualize the inside of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins and the heart chambers.


lexentry: eng/angiosperm__Noun__1
written_rep: angiosperm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: покрытосеменно́е расте́ние | цветко́вое расте́ние
sense_list:
(botany) Any plant of the clade Angiosperms, characterized by having ovules enclosed in an ovary; a flowering plant.


lexentry: eng/angiotensin__Noun__1
written_rep: angiotensin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ангиотензин
sense_list:
(hormone) Any of several polypeptides that narrow blood vessels and thus regulate arterial pressure.


lexentry: eng/angklung__Noun__1
written_rep: angklung
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ангклунг
sense_list:
A percussion instrument, originally from Indonesia, made of two bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame.


lexentry: eng/angle__Noun__1
written_rep: angle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: у́гол | угол
sense_list:
(geometry) A figure formed by two rays which start from a common point (a plane angle) or by three planes that intersect (a solid angle). | (geometry) The measure of such a figure. In the case of a plane angle, this is the ratio (or proportional to the ratio) of the arc length to the radius of a section of a circle cut by the two rays, centered at their common point. In the case of a solid angle, this is the ratio of the surface area to the square of the radius of the section of a sphere. | A corner where two walls intersect.


lexentry: eng/angle_grinder__Noun__1
written_rep: angle grinder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: болга́рка | углова́я шлифова́льная маши́на
sense_list:
A usually hand-held grinder which uses a pair of internal gears to place the rotational axis of the grinding or cutting wheel perpendicular to that of the driving motor.


lexentry: eng/angle_of_attack__Noun__1
written_rep: angle of attack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: у́гол ата́ки
sense_list:
(aeronautics) The angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the airflow over it; one of the determiners of the amount of lift produced by an airfoil.


lexentry: eng/anglerfish__Noun__1
written_rep: anglerfish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ры́ба-уди́льщик
sense_list:
Any fish of the bony fish order Lophiiformes, which have an outgrowth they wiggle to lure and catch their prey.


lexentry: eng/anglicisation__Noun__1
written_rep: anglicisation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: англиза́ция | англифика́ция | англициза́ция
sense_list:
The process by which something or someone (usually a word) is made more English. Usually applied to language or culture.


lexentry: eng/anglicism__Noun__1
written_rep: anglicism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: англици́зм | англицизм
sense_list:
An Englishism: a word or other feature originating in the English language that has been borrowed by another language.


lexentry: eng/angora__Noun__1
written_rep: angora
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: Ангорский кро́лик
sense_list:
A rabbit belonging to the Angora rabbit breed, one of the oldest domestic breeds of rabbits in the world, raised chiefly in Europe for its silky and long hair (a subspecies of the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus).


lexentry: eng/angst__Noun__1
written_rep: angst
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: беспоко́йство | трево́га
sense_list:
A feeling of acute but vague anxiety or apprehension often accompanied by depression, especially philosophical anxiety.


lexentry: eng/angstrom__Noun__1
written_rep: angstrom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́нгстрем | ангстрем
sense_list:
(physics, metrology) A unit of length equal to 10−10 meters (that is, one ten-billionth of a meter), approximately the size of an atom, and denoted by the symbol Å, used especially to measure the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation or distances between atoms.


lexentry: eng/angular_mil__Noun__1
written_rep: angular mil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мил
sense_list:
(military) A unit of angular measurement equal to 1/6400 of a complete circle. At 1000 metres one mil subtends about one metre (~0,98 m). Also 1/6000 and 1/6300 are used in other countries.


lexentry: eng/angular_momentum__Noun__1
written_rep: angular momentum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: моме́нт и́мпульса
sense_list:
(physics) The vector product that describes the rotary inertia of a system about an axis and is conserved in a closed system. For an isolated rigid body, it is a measure of the extent to which an object will continue to rotate in the absence of an applied torque.


lexentry: eng/angular_velocity__Noun__1
written_rep: angular velocity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: углова́я ско́рость | угловая скорость
sense_list:
(mathematics, physics) The angle turned, per unit time, by a body rotating about an axis; the rate of rotation through an angle.


lexentry: eng/angélique__Noun__1
written_rep: angélique
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ангельский
sense_list:
A plucked bowl lute with two necks and most often sixteen strings, played in the manner of a harp, and popular in Baroque Europe.


lexentry: eng/anhedonia__Noun__1
written_rep: anhedonia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ангедония
sense_list:
(symptom, psychiatry) The inability to feel pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable, such as exercise, hobbies, music, sexual activities or social interactions.


lexentry: eng/anhinga__Noun__1
written_rep: anhinga
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: америка́нская змееше́йка
sense_list:
(zoology) A fish-eating bird (Anhinga anhinga) of North America with a thin, pointed bill and a long, thin neck.


lexentry: eng/anhydride__Noun__1
written_rep: anhydride
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ангидрид
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any compound formally derived from another (or from others) by the loss of a water molecule, especially acid anhydrides.


lexentry: eng/anicca__Noun__1
written_rep: anicca
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ани́тья | ани́чча | бре́нность
sense_list:
(Buddhism) Impermanence, the doctrine claiming that all of conditioned existence, without exception, is transient. One of the three marks of existence.


lexentry: eng/aniline__Noun__1
written_rep: aniline
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анили́н | анилин
sense_list:
(organic compound) The simplest aromatic amine, C6H5NH2, synthesized by the reduction of nitrobenzene; it is a colourless oily basic poisonous liquid used in the manufacture of dyes and pharmaceuticals.


lexentry: eng/animal__Noun__1
written_rep: animal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зверь | живо́тное | животи́на | скоти́на | тварь
sense_list:
(science) Any eukaryote of the clade Animalia; a multicellular organism that is usually mobile, whose cells are not encased in a rigid cell wall (distinguishing it from plants and fungi) and which derives energy solely from the consumption of other organisms (distinguishing it from plants). | (loosely) Any member of the kingdom Animalia other than a human.


lexentry: eng/animal_feed__Noun__1
written_rep: animal feed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: корм для животных
sense_list:
Material, of an animal or most often vegetable origin, prepared (especially industrially) as feed for domestic or farm animals.


lexentry: eng/animal_husbandry__Noun__1
written_rep: animal husbandry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: животново́дство
sense_list:
The management and care of farm animals by humans for profit, in which genetic qualities and behaviour, considered to be advantageous to humans, are further developed.


lexentry: eng/animal_rights__Noun__1
written_rep: animal rights
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: права́ живо́тных
sense_list:
Certain fundamental rights that animals are entitled to, such as the right to be spared undue suffering.


lexentry: eng/animal_shelter__Noun__1
written_rep: animal shelter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: приют для животных
sense_list:
An organization that provides temporary homes for stray pet animals. | A facility providing such shelter.


lexentry: eng/animated_cartoon__Noun__1
written_rep: animated cartoon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мультик
sense_list:
Any of several types of film / movie, the frames of which are drawn by hand in order to give a sense of movement when projected in rapid sequence.


lexentry: eng/animation__Noun__1
written_rep: animation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: анима́ция | мультиплика́ция | одушевле́ние | оживле́ние
sense_list:
(animation, in the sense of a cartoon) A sequence of still drawings or inanimate objects displayed in rapid succession to create the illusion of movement in motion pictures or computer graphics; the object (film, computer game, etc.) produced


lexentry: eng/anime__Noun__1
written_rep: anime
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[япо́нский]] [[мультфи́льм]] | аниме́ | анимэ́
sense_list:
(uncountable) An artistic style originating in, and associated with, Japanese animation, and that has also been adopted by a comparatively low number of animated works from other countries. | (countable) An animated work that originated in Japan, regardless of the artistic style.


lexentry: eng/anise__Noun__1
written_rep: anise
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ани́с | анис
sense_list:
An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds, which are used as a spice. It has a licorice scent.


lexentry: eng/aniseed__Noun__1
written_rep: aniseed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ани́с | [[анисовый|ани́совое]] [[се́мя]] | плод [[анис|ани́са]]
sense_list:
(countable, and, uncountable) The seed-like fruit of the anise, used in baking and in the flavouring of liqueurs such as ouzo.


lexentry: eng/anisophylly__Noun__1
written_rep: anisophylly
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анизофиллия
sense_list:
(botany) The growing by a plant of leaves in pairs with a significant difference in size between the two.


lexentry: eng/anisotropic__Adjective__1
written_rep: anisotropic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анизотропный
sense_list:
(physics, mathematics) Having properties that differ according to the direction of measurement; exhibiting anisotropy.


lexentry: eng/ankerite__Noun__1
written_rep: ankerite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анкерит
sense_list:
(mineral) Any of a group of mixed carbonate minerals, principally of calcium with iron, magnesium and manganese.


lexentry: eng/ankh__Noun__1
written_rep: ankh
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анх | анкх
sense_list:
A cross shaped like a T with a loop at the top, the Egyptian hieroglyph representing the Egyptian triliteral ꜥnḫ and often used as an amulet or charm for this concept.


lexentry: eng/ankle__Noun__1
written_rep: ankle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лоды́жка | щи́колотка | щиколотка
sense_list:
The skeletal joint which connects the foot with the leg; the uppermost portion of the foot and lowermost portion of the leg, which contain this skeletal joint.


lexentry: eng/ankle_monitor__Noun__1
written_rep: ankle monitor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: электро́нный брасле́т
sense_list:
A device that individuals under house arrest or parole are often required to wear to track their location.


lexentry: eng/anklebone__Noun__1
written_rep: anklebone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тара́нная кость
sense_list:
The bone of the ankle, forming the lower part of the ankle joint and joining with the tibia and fibula.


lexentry: eng/ankyloglossia__Noun__1
written_rep: ankyloglossia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: скороговорка
sense_list:
(medicine) A congenital oral anomaly in which the lingual frenulum is unusually short and thick, decreasing mobility of the tongue and affecting eating, speech, etc.


lexentry: eng/ankylosaurus__Noun__1
written_rep: ankylosaurus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анкилозавр
sense_list:
A large herbivorous dinosaur, of genus Ankylosaurus, that lived in the Cretaceous period, noted for its heavy armor and club-like tail.


lexentry: eng/ankylosing_spondylitis__Noun__1
written_rep: ankylosing spondylitis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анкилози́рующий спондили́т | анкилози́рующий спондилоартри́т | боле́знь Бе́хтерева
sense_list:
(disease) A particular arthritis disease that affects usually the joints between vertebrae and the sacroiliac joint.


lexentry: eng/anlaut__Noun__1
written_rep: anlaut
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: инициа́ль | нача́льный звук
sense_list:
(linguistics) The first sound of a word (word-initial position) or syllable (syllable-initial position).


lexentry: eng/annals__Noun__2
written_rep: annals
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анна́лы | ле́топись
sense_list:
A relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened. | A periodic publication, containing records of discoveries, transactions of societies, etc.


lexentry: eng/annatto__Noun__1
written_rep: annatto
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анна́то
sense_list:
(countable) A tropical American evergreen shrub, Bixa orellana; the lipstick tree; the fruit of the tree. | (uncountable) The seed of this tree used as a colouring or in Latin American cooking, containing bixin.


lexentry: eng/anneal__Verb__1
written_rep: anneal
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отжига́ть
sense_list:
(metallurgy) To subject to great heat and then (often slow) cooling, and sometimes reheating and further cooling, for the purpose of rendering less brittle; to temper; to toughen.


lexentry: eng/annealing__Noun__1
written_rep: annealing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: о́тжиг
sense_list:
The heating of solid metal or glass to high temperatures and cooling it slowly so that its particles arrange into a defined lattice to remove residual stress.


lexentry: eng/annelid__Noun__1
written_rep: annelid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аннели́д | ко́льчатый червь
sense_list:
Any of various wormlike animals, of the phylum Annelida, having a segmented body; they include the earthworm and the leech.


lexentry: eng/anniversary__Noun__1
written_rep: anniversary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: годовщи́на | юбиле́й
sense_list:
(especially) Such a day that commemorates a wedding. | A day that is an exact number of years (to the day) since a given significant event occurred. Often preceded by an ordinal number indicating the number of years.


lexentry: eng/annoy__Verb__1
written_rep: annoy
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: беспоко́ить | докуча́ть | досажда́ть | надое́сть | надоеда́ть | раздража́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To disturb or irritate, especially by continued or repeated acts; to bother with unpleasant deeds.


lexentry: eng/annual__Adjective__1
written_rep: annual
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: годи́чный | годово́й | ежего́дный | одноле́тний
sense_list:
Of, for, or relating to a whole year, often as a recurring cycle; determined or reckoned by the year; accumulating in the course of a year; performed, executed, or completed over the course of a year. See also circannual.


lexentry: eng/annual__Noun__1
written_rep: annual
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ежего́дник
sense_list:
An annual publication; a book, periodical, journal, report, comic book, yearbook, etc., which is published serially once a year, which may or may not be in addition to regular weekly or monthly publication.


lexentry: eng/annual_leave__Noun__1
written_rep: annual leave
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отпуск
sense_list:
(workplace) Amount of time expressed as the number of days per year that an employee is entitled to be away from work.


lexentry: eng/annual_report__Noun__1
written_rep: annual report
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[годово́й]] отчёт
sense_list:
(legal) In business law, a comprehensive report on a the activities of a company throughout the preceding year, generally produced in compliance with requirements established by government agencies.


lexentry: eng/annuity__Noun__1
written_rep: annuity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рента
sense_list:
(insurance, pensions) A right to receive amounts of money regularly over a certain fixed period, in perpetuity, or, especially, over the remaining life or lives of one or more beneficiaries.


lexentry: eng/annular_eclipse__Noun__1
written_rep: annular eclipse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кольцеобра́зное затме́ние
sense_list:
(astronomy) a solar eclipse in which the thin outer disk of the sun can be seen as a ring around the moon


lexentry: eng/annulus__Noun__1
written_rep: annulus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: кольцо́
sense_list:
(botany) A structure surrounding a sporangium (or part of it) which shrinks and causes it to rupture for spore dispersal; specifically, in a fern: a structure around about two-thirds of the sporangium consisting of differentially thick-walled cells which dry and distort the sporangium; and in a moss: a complete ring of cells around the tip of the sporangium which dissolves to cause the tip to detach. | (geometry) The region in a plane between two concentric circles of different radii. | (topology) Any topological space homeomorphic to the region in a plane between two concentric circles of different radii.


lexentry: eng/anoa__Noun__1
written_rep: anoa
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ано́а
sense_list:
Either of two related species of small Indonesian water buffalo similar in appearance to deer; Bubalus quarlesi or Bubalus depressicornis.


lexentry: eng/anocracy__Noun__1
written_rep: anocracy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анократия
sense_list:
(politics) A political system which is neither fully democratic nor fully autocratic, often being vulnerable to political instability.


lexentry: eng/anode__Noun__1
written_rep: anode
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ано́д | анод
sense_list:
(electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows inwards (and thus, electrons flow outwards). It can have either a positive or a negative voltage with respect to cathode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).


lexentry: eng/anodontia__Noun__1
written_rep: anodontia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: беззубость
sense_list:
(dentistry, teratology) The congenital absence of some or all primary or permanent teeth, caused by a rare genetic disorder.


lexentry: eng/anodyne__Adjective__1
written_rep: anodyne
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: безоби́дный
sense_list:
(by extension) Noncontentious, blandly agreeable, unlikely to cause offence or debate. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/anoint__Verb__1
written_rep: anoint
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ма́зать | пома́зать | пома́зывать
sense_list:
(transitive) To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite, especially for consecration.


lexentry: eng/anole__Noun__1
written_rep: anole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анолис | анолисы
sense_list:
Any of the genus Anolis of chiefly arboreal dactyloid lizards native to the Americas, which feature a brightly colored dewlap and the ability to change color.


lexentry: eng/anopheles__Noun__1
written_rep: anopheles
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ано́фелес | маляри́йный кома́р
sense_list:
(entomology) Loose terminology for species in the Anopheles genus of mosquitoes, some of which may transmit various parasites, Plasmodium, that are the cause of malaria. More strictly speaking, as Anopheles is a proper name it should be capitalised.


lexentry: eng/anorthosite__Noun__1
written_rep: anorthosite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анортози́т
sense_list:
(rock) A phaneritic, intrusive igneous rock characterized by a predominance of plagioclase feldspar.


lexentry: eng/another__Determiner__1
written_rep: another
part_of_speech: determiner
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: друго́й | ещё оди́н
sense_list:
One more further, in addition to the quantity by then; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.


lexentry: eng/anoxia__Noun__1
written_rep: anoxia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анокси́я
sense_list:
(ecology, pathology) A condition in which a body tissue or an environment is severely or totally deprived of oxygen; severe hypoxia.


lexentry: eng/ansible__Noun__1
written_rep: ansible
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ансибл | аппарат мгновенной связи
sense_list:
(science fiction) A hypothetical device that enables users to communicate instantaneously across great distances; that is, a faster-than-light communication device.


lexentry: eng/answer__Noun__1
written_rep: answer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: отве́т | о́тповедь | ответ
sense_list:
(legal) A document filed in response to a complaint, responding to each point raised in the complaint and raising counterpoints.


lexentry: eng/answer__Verb__1
written_rep: answer
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: отве́тить | отвеча́ть
sense_list:
(legal) To file a document in response to a complaint. | To correspond to; to be in harmony with; to be in agreement with.


lexentry: eng/answer__Verb__1
written_rep: answer
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: отвеча́ть | отве́тить | соотве́тствовать
sense_list:
To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; usually with to.


lexentry: eng/answer__Verb__1
written_rep: answer
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 14
trans_list: отвеча́ть | отве́тить
sense_list:
(obsolete) To be or act as an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay.


lexentry: eng/ant__Noun__1
written_rep: ant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мураве́й | мура́шка | мураве́ль | муравей
sense_list:
Any of various insects in the family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera, typically living in large colonies composed almost entirely of flightless females.


lexentry: eng/antacid__Noun__1
written_rep: antacid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антаци́д
sense_list:
An agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity, especially in the stomach. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/antagonist__Noun__1
written_rep: antagonist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: антагонист
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A chemical that binds to a receptor but does not produce a physiological response, blocking the action of agonist chemicals. | (authorship) The main character or force opposing the protagonist in a literary work or drama.


lexentry: eng/anteater__Noun__1
written_rep: anteater
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: муравье́д | муравьед
sense_list:
Any of several animals of South and Central America, in suborder Vermilingua, which are noted for eating ants and termites which they catch with their long sticky tongues.


lexentry: eng/antediluvian__Adjective__1
written_rep: antediluvian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: допото́пный | допотопный
sense_list:
(biblical) Belonging or pertaining to, or existing in, the time prior to the great flood described in Genesis, or (by extension) to a great or destructive flood or deluge described in other mythologies.


lexentry: eng/antefix__Noun__1
written_rep: antefix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антефи́кс
sense_list:
(architecture) The vertical blocks which terminate the covering tiles of the roof of a Roman, Etruscan, or Greek temple.


lexentry: eng/antelope__Noun__1
written_rep: antelope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антило́па | антилопа
sense_list:
Any of several African mammals of the family Bovidae distinguished by hollow horns, which, unlike deer, they do not shed.


lexentry: eng/antenna__Noun__1
written_rep: antenna
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: анте́нна | сяжо́к | у́сик | ус
sense_list:
An apparatus to receive or transmit electromagnetic waves and convert respectively to or from an electrical signal.


lexentry: eng/anterior__Adjective__1
written_rep: anterior
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: передний
sense_list:
(anatomy) Nearer the forward end, especially in the front of the body; nearer the head or forepart of an animal.


lexentry: eng/anterior_chamber__Noun__1
written_rep: anterior chamber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пере́дняя ка́мера
sense_list:
(anatomy, ophthalmology) A space inside the eye between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humour.


lexentry: eng/anthem__Noun__1
written_rep: anthem
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: гимн
sense_list:
A choral or vocal composition, often with a religious or political lyric. | A hymn of praise or loyalty.


lexentry: eng/anthill__Noun__1
written_rep: anthill
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мураве́йник | муравейник
sense_list:
A cone-shaped structure built from sediment and other available materials by ants or white ants (termites), and beneath which the colony nests.


lexentry: eng/anthodium__Noun__1
written_rep: anthodium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: корзинка
sense_list:
(botany) The inflorescence of a compound flower in which many florets are gathered into an involucrate head.


lexentry: eng/anthology__Noun__1
written_rep: anthology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антоло́гия | хрестома́тия | антология
sense_list:
A collection of literary works, such as poems or short stories, especially a collection from various authors.


lexentry: eng/anthracene__Noun__1
written_rep: anthracene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антраце́н
sense_list:
(organic compound) A tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (an acene containing three fused rings) obtained from coal tar; used in the manufacture of wood preservatives, insecticides and the dye alizarin; it is isomeric with phenanthrene.


lexentry: eng/anthrax__Noun__1
written_rep: anthrax
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сиби́рская я́зва | сибирская язва
sense_list:
(pathology) An acute infectious disease of herbivores, especially sheep and cattle, caused by Bacillus anthracis.


lexentry: eng/anthropocentric__Adjective__1
written_rep: anthropocentric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антропоцентрический
sense_list:
Placing humans at the center of something, giving preference to humans above all other considerations.


lexentry: eng/anthropocentrism__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropocentrism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антропоцентри́зм | антропоцентризм
sense_list:
A viewpoint or theory that places human beings at the center of everything, giving preference to human beings above all other considerations.


lexentry: eng/anthropochory__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropochory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антропохори́я
sense_list:
(ecology) The (typically inadvertent) dispersal of seeds, spores, or other reproductive botanical material, or of reproductively capable animals, by humans as a routine means of reproductive dispersal of that species.


lexentry: eng/anthropology__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антрополо́гия | антропология
sense_list:
The scientific study of humans, systematically describing the ethnographic, linguistic, archaeological, and evolutionary dimensions of humanity using a holistic methodological framework.


lexentry: eng/anthropometry__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антропометрия
sense_list:
The science of measuring the human body to ascertain the ranges and averages of dimensions of the human form, for various purposes including physical anthropology, epidemiology, the ergonomics of industrial design, and so on.


lexentry: eng/anthropomorphic__Adjective__1
written_rep: anthropomorphic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антропомо́рфный
sense_list:
Having the form of a human. | (of anything non-human) Having attributes or characteristics of a human being.


lexentry: eng/anthroposophy__Noun__1
written_rep: anthroposophy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: антропосо́фия | антропософия
sense_list:
A philosophy founded in the early 20th century by the esotericist Rudolf Steiner (also capitalized as Anthroposophy), postulating the existence of an objective, intellectually comprehensible spiritual world accessible to direct experience through inner development.


lexentry: eng/anthroposphere__Noun__1
written_rep: anthroposphere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антропосфе́ра
sense_list:
That part of the environment that is made or modified by humans for use in human activities and human habitats.


lexentry: eng/anti-Semitism__Noun__1
written_rep: anti-Semitism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антисемити́зм | юдофо́бия
sense_list:
(narrower sense) Prejudice, discrimination, hostility or political or religious opposition directed against ethnic or religious Jews or against Judaism; antijudaism; judeophobia.


lexentry: eng/anti-gravity__Noun__1
written_rep: anti-gravity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антигравита́ция
sense_list:
(science fiction) Any concept, system or device that would oppose or cancel out the force of gravity.


lexentry: eng/anti-story__Noun__1
written_rep: anti-story
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антироман
sense_list:
(literature) A work of fiction in which the author breaks in some way the conventional rules of storytelling, usually with some feature (for example, a lack of plot or characters, unusual punctuation, odd subject or presentation, etc.) that strongly challenges the reader's expectations.


lexentry: eng/antialiasing__Noun__1
written_rep: antialiasing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сглаживание
sense_list:
(computer graphics) any technique that reduces the appearance of jagged edges in digital images caused by high-contrast borders between pixels.


lexentry: eng/antiaromatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: antiaromatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антиаромати́ческая | антиаромати́ческий | антиаромати́ческое
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Describing a cyclic compound having an even number of alternating single and double bonds, e.g. cyclobutadiene.


lexentry: eng/antibiotic__Noun__1
written_rep: antibiotic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антибио́тик | антибиотик
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms, generally transported by the lymphatic system.


lexentry: eng/anticaliph__Noun__1
written_rep: anticaliph
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антихали́ф
sense_list:
Someone who has the pretence of forming a government featuring the real caliph, as opposed to another caliphate claiming to succeed of Muhammad under a caliph.


lexentry: eng/anticaliphate__Noun__1
written_rep: anticaliphate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антихалифа́т
sense_list:
A government having the pretence of featuring the real caliph, as opposed to another caliphate claiming to succeed to the Islamic State of Muhammad under a caliph.


lexentry: eng/antichresis__Noun__1
written_rep: antichresis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антихреза
sense_list:
(civil law) An agreement by which a debtor gives a creditor the use of real property to be able to pay interest and principal of the debt.


lexentry: eng/anticipation__Noun__1
written_rep: anticipation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ожида́ние | предвкуше́ние | предчу́вствие
sense_list:
The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in natural order.


lexentry: eng/anticlockwise__Adjective__1
written_rep: anticlockwise
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: про́тив часово́й стре́лки
sense_list:
(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, of movement) In a circular fashion so as to be moving to the left at the top of the circle and to the right at the bottom (when viewed from the front), in the opposite direction to the hands of an analog clock.


lexentry: eng/antifouling__Adjective__1
written_rep: antifouling
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: противообраста́ющий
sense_list:
That prevents or counteracts the buildup of barnacles and other deposits on undersea surfaces such as those of boats.


lexentry: eng/antihero__Noun__1
written_rep: antihero
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антигеро́й | антигерой
sense_list:
(literature, RPG) A protagonist who proceeds in an unheroic manner, such as by criminal means, via cowardly actions, or for mercenary goals.


lexentry: eng/antiheroine__Noun__1
written_rep: antiheroine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антигерои́ня
sense_list:
(literature, RPG) A female protagonist who proceeds in an unheroic manner, such as by criminal means, via cowardly actions, or for mercenary goals; a female antihero.


lexentry: eng/antihistamine__Noun__1
written_rep: antihistamine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антигистами́н
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug or substance that counteracts the effects of a histamine. Commonly used to alleviate the symptoms of hay fever and other allergies.


lexentry: eng/antilogy__Noun__1
written_rep: antilogy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оксиморон
sense_list:
(rhetoric) A contradiction in related terms or ideas. Usually an inconsistency in syllogisms, of a person or group supposedly of one set of ideals.


lexentry: eng/antimacassar__Noun__1
written_rep: antimacassar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антимакассар
sense_list:
A cover for the back or arms of a chair or sofa, originally to prevent them from being soiled by macassar oil.


lexentry: eng/antimetabole__Noun__1
written_rep: antimetabole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антимета́бола
sense_list:
(rhetoric) The technique of repeating a phrase while reversing the order of certain elements or its grammatical structure, as a form of juxtaposition.


lexentry: eng/antimicrobial__Adjective__1
written_rep: antimicrobial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антимикро́бный | противомикро́бный
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical effect) Tending to destroy or capable of destroying microbes. | (pharmaceutical effect) Inhibiting the growth of microbes. | (pharmaceutical effect) Preventing or counteracting the pathogenic action of microbes.


lexentry: eng/antimony__Noun__1
written_rep: antimony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сти́биум | сурьма́ | сурьма
sense_list:
A chemical element (symbol Sb, from Latin stibium) with an atomic number of 51: in its stable allotrope, a lustrous gray and very brittle metal.


lexentry: eng/antinatalism__Noun__1
written_rep: antinatalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антинатали́зм
sense_list:
(philosophy) A family of philosophical views that are critical of reproduction and that consider coming into existence as evil or deem procreation as immoral.


lexentry: eng/anting__Noun__1
written_rep: anting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: муравле́ние | муравление
sense_list:
(ornithology) The practice of some birds of rubbing live ants or occasionally other items into the feathers, possibly as a means of controlling parasites.


lexentry: eng/antinicotinic__Adjective__1
written_rep: antinicotinic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антиникотиновый
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical effect) That inhibits the actions of nicotine and nicotine-like agents on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors


lexentry: eng/antinode__Noun__1
written_rep: antinode
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: брюхо
sense_list:
(physics) A region of maximum amplitude situated between adjacent nodes of a vibrating body, such as a string.


lexentry: eng/antinomy__Noun__1
written_rep: antinomy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: антино́мия
sense_list:
(specifically, epistemology, logic) In the thought of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804): an apparent contradiction between valid conclusions; a paradox.


lexentry: eng/antinovel__Noun__1
written_rep: antinovel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антинове́лла
sense_list:
(literature) A novel that deliberately avoids the typical conventions of the novel, such as a coherent plot and protagonist.


lexentry: eng/antinuclear__Adjective__1
written_rep: antinuclear
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антия́дерный
sense_list:
Opposed to the production or use of nuclear weapons, or opposed to the generation of electricity from nuclear power. | Serving as protection from nuclear devices


lexentry: eng/antiparticle__Noun__1
written_rep: antiparticle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: античасти́ца | античастица
sense_list:
(particle) A subatomic particle corresponding to another particle with the same mass, spin and mean lifetime but with charge, parity, strangeness and other quantum numbers flipped in sign; a particle that has a reversed world line to another.


lexentry: eng/antipasto__Noun__1
written_rep: antipasto
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: заку́ска
sense_list:
An Italian starter for a meal; normally a cold assortment of salami, cheese, seafood and vegetables.


lexentry: eng/antipathy__Noun__1
written_rep: antipathy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антипа́тия | антипатия
sense_list:
(uncountable) Often followed by against, between, for, or to: a (deep) feeling of dislike or repugnance, normally towards a person and less often towards a thing, often without any conscious reasoning; aversion, distaste, hostility; (countable) an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/antipattern__Noun__1
written_rep: antipattern
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антипатте́рн
sense_list:
(software engineering) A design pattern that may be commonly used, but is ineffective or counterproductive in practice.


lexentry: eng/antiperspirant__Noun__1
written_rep: antiperspirant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антиперспирант
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) A substance used to minimize sweating or perspiration, and usually applied to the underarm area.


lexentry: eng/antipope__Noun__1
written_rep: antipope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антипа́па | антипапа
sense_list:
(Christianity) A person who claims or claimed to be the pope, usually as the result of a disputed election or deposition, but is not considered by the Roman Catholic Church to be the real pope.


lexentry: eng/antiprism__Noun__1
written_rep: antiprism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антипри́зма
sense_list:
A polyhedron composed of two parallel copies of some particular polygon, connected by an alternating band of triangles.


lexentry: eng/antiquary__Noun__1
written_rep: antiquary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антиква́р
sense_list:
A person who is knowledgeable of, or who collects antiques (especially one holding an official position); an antiquarian.


lexentry: eng/antique_shop__Noun__1
written_rep: antique shop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: букинистический магазин
sense_list:
(retail) A business dedicated to storing, selling, restoring, and trading in items from previous eras for their superficial and historical value, especially furniture and trinkets.


lexentry: eng/antiquity__Noun__1
written_rep: antiquity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дре́вность | старина́
sense_list:
Ancient times; faraway history; former ages. | The people of ancient times. | (often, constructed as an uncountable plural) A relic or monument of ancient times, such as a coin, a statue, etc.; an ancient institution.


lexentry: eng/antisepsis__Noun__1
written_rep: antisepsis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антисе́птика | обеззара́живание
sense_list:
(hygiene) The science and practice of countering microbial infection, as with the use of antiseptics, and the use of aseptic technique.


lexentry: eng/antiseptic__Noun__1
written_rep: antiseptic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антисептик
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Generally includes only those that are used on living objects (as opposed to disinfectants) and aren't transported by the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria in the body (as opposed to antibiotics).


lexentry: eng/antisocial_personality_disorder__Noun__1
written_rep: antisocial personality disorder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антисоциа́льное расстро́йство ли́чности | диссоциа́льное расстро́йство ли́чности
sense_list:
(psychology) A personality disorder marked by antisocial behavior, a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.


lexentry: eng/antisymmetric__Adjective__1
written_rep: antisymmetric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антисимметри́чный
sense_list:
(set theory, order theory, of a binary relation R on a set S) Having the property that, for any two distinct elements of S, at least one is not related to the other via R; equivalently, having the property that, for any x, y ∈ S, if both xRy and yRx then x=y.


lexentry: eng/antiterrorism__Noun__1
written_rep: antiterrorism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антитеррори́зм | контртеррори́зм
sense_list:
(law enforcement, military, often, attributive) Activity aiming at opposing or preventing terrorism.


lexentry: eng/antithetical__Adjective__1
written_rep: antithetical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антитетический
sense_list:
Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature of, antithesis; contrasted.


lexentry: eng/antitrust__Adjective__1
written_rep: antitrust
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антимонопольный
sense_list:
(legal) Opposed to or against the establishment or existence of trusts (monopolies), usually referring to legislation.


lexentry: eng/antivenom__Noun__1
written_rep: antivenom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: противоядие
sense_list:
(medicine) A medicine that counteracts venom, an antidote to biological poisons from venomous animals such as snakes and spiders.


lexentry: eng/antiviral__Adjective__1
written_rep: antiviral
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антиви́русный | противови́русный
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical effect) Inhibiting the growth and reproduction of a virus. | (computing) Eliminating or inhibiting the action of a computer virus.


lexentry: eng/antivirus__Noun__1
written_rep: antivirus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: антиви́рус
sense_list:
(computing) A piece of software that is used to detect, delete and or neutralize computer-based viruses.


lexentry: eng/antler__Noun__1
written_rep: antler
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: олений рог | рог | рога́
sense_list:
A deciduous branching and bony structure on the head of deer, moose and elk, normally in pairs. They are grown and shed each year. (Compare with horn, which is generally not shed.)


lexentry: eng/antlion__Noun__1
written_rep: antlion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: муравьи́ный лев
sense_list:
Any of various species of insects, many of them nocturnal, in the family Myrmeleontidae. The adults superficially resemble the unrelated damselflies. The larvae bury themselves in sand below a cone-shaped pit in which they trap insects such as ants.


lexentry: eng/anus__Noun__1
written_rep: anus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́нус | ана́льное отве́рстие | жо́па | за́дний прохо́д | заднепроходно́е отве́рстие | очко́
sense_list:
(anatomy) The orifice of the rectum in most mammals, teleost fish, and many invertebrates, through which feces and flatus are ejected.


lexentry: eng/anvil__Noun__1
written_rep: anvil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: накова́льня | наковальня
sense_list:
A heavy iron block used in the blacksmithing trade as a surface upon which metal can be struck and shaped. | (skeleton) The incus bone in the middle ear.


lexentry: eng/anxiety__Noun__1
written_rep: anxiety
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: беспоко́йство | трево́га
sense_list:
An unpleasant state of mental uneasiness, nervousness, apprehension and obsession or concern about some uncertain event.


lexentry: eng/anxiety__Noun__1
written_rep: anxiety
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: страх | боя́знь
sense_list:
(pathology) A state of restlessness and agitation, often accompanied by a distressing sense of oppression or tightness in the stomach.


lexentry: eng/anxious__Adjective__1
written_rep: anxious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: беспокоиться | встрево́женный | озабо́ченный
sense_list:
Having a feeling of anxiety or disquietude; extremely concerned, especially about something that will happen in the future or that is unknown.


lexentry: eng/any__Determiner__1
written_rep: any
part_of_speech: determiner
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: како́й-нибудь | никако́й
sense_list:
(negative polarity item, or, interrogative, chiefly with plural or uncountable nouns) One at all; at least one; at least one kind of; some; a positive quantity of.


lexentry: eng/any_port_in_a_storm__Proverb__1
written_rep: any port in a storm
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: голь на выдумку хитра
sense_list:
(idiomatic) One should accept any passable option when time is of the essence in an adverse situation.


lexentry: eng/anybody__Pronoun__1
written_rep: anybody
part_of_speech: pronoun
sense_list: (informal) A person of some consideration or standing.
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list:
[[большой|больша́я]] [[ши́шка]] | [[важный|ва́жная]] [[персо́на]] | [[важный|ва́жная]] [[пти́ца]] | [[важный|ва́жное]] [[лицо́]] | ши́шка


lexentry: eng/anyway__Adverb__1
written_rep: anyway
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: в любо́м слу́чае | во вся́ком слу́чае | так и́ли и́на́че
sense_list:
Used to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous statement. See anyhow and at least. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/aorist__Noun__1
written_rep: aorist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ао́рист | аорист
sense_list:
(grammar) A verb paradigm found in certain languages, usually an unmarked form or one that expresses the perfective or aorist aspect.


lexentry: eng/aorist_aspect__Noun__1
written_rep: aorist aspect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ао́рист
sense_list:
(grammar) A temporal feature of the verb which denotes the speaker's standpoint of the event described by the verb, as from outside of the event and seeing it as a completed whole.


lexentry: eng/aorta__Noun__1
written_rep: aorta
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ао́рта | аорта
sense_list:
(anatomy) The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.


lexentry: eng/aortic_arch__Noun__1
written_rep: aortic arch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дуга́ ао́рты
sense_list:
(anatomy) The curving portion of the aorta that bends between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta, from which the brachiocephalic artery, left carotid artery, and left subclavian artery arise.


lexentry: eng/apanage__Noun__1
written_rep: apanage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апанаж
sense_list:
(historical) A grant (especially by a sovereign) of land (or other source of revenue) as a birthright.


lexentry: eng/apartment__Noun__1
written_rep: apartment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апартаме́нт | кварти́ра
sense_list:
(chiefly, North America, Australia, Philippines) A complete domicile occupying only part of a building, especially one for rent; a flat.


lexentry: eng/apatheia__Noun__1
written_rep: apatheia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апатия
sense_list:
(philosophy) A state of mind in Stoic philosophy in which one is free from emotional disturbance; the freedom from all passions.


lexentry: eng/apatheism__Noun__1
written_rep: apatheism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апатеи́зм | апатеизм
sense_list:
(religion) Apathy towards the existence of a god; belief that the question of the existence of a god is unimportant.


lexentry: eng/apathy__Noun__1
written_rep: apathy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апа́тия | безразли́чие | равноду́шие | апатия
sense_list:
Lack of emotion or motivation; lack of interest or enthusiasm towards something; disinterest (in something).


lexentry: eng/apatite__Noun__1
written_rep: apatite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апати́т | апатит
sense_list:
(mineral) A calcium fluoride phosphate of variable composition, sometimes used in the manufacture of fertilizer, as a gemstone, and (in powdered form) as a pigment, and also produced biologically in bones and teeth.


lexentry: eng/apatosaur__Noun__1
written_rep: apatosaur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апатозавр
sense_list:
A large, herbivorous, gregarious sauropod dinosaur, of the genus Apatosaurus, from Jurassic North America; it had a long neck and tail.


lexentry: eng/ape__Noun__1
written_rep: ape
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обезья́на | человекообра́зная обезья́на
sense_list:
A primate of the clade Hominoidea, generally larger than monkeys and distinguished from them by having no tail.


lexentry: eng/apeman__Noun__1
written_rep: apeman
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обезьяночелове́к
sense_list:
A prehistoric man resembling an ape, especially one held to be a precursor to modern humans; a non-human australopithecine.


lexentry: eng/aperture__Noun__1
written_rep: aperture
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: апертура | диафра́гма | затвор | обтюратор
sense_list:
(astronomy, photography) The diameter of such a hole which restricts the width of the lightpath through the whole system. For a telescope, this is the diameter of the objective lens.


lexentry: eng/aphantasia__Noun__1
written_rep: aphantasia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: афантазия
sense_list:
(psychology, pathology) A condition where one does not possess a functioning "mind's eye" and cannot visualize imagery.


lexentry: eng/aphasia__Noun__1
written_rep: aphasia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: афа́зия | афазия
sense_list:
(pathology) A partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage. Usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including Broca's area and Wernicke's area, causes aphasia.


lexentry: eng/aphelion__Noun__1
written_rep: aphelion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: афе́лий | афелий
sense_list:
(astronomy, also, figuratively) The point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, planet, or other astronomical object, where it is farthest from the Sun.


lexentry: eng/apheresis__Noun__1
written_rep: apheresis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: афере́з | афереза
sense_list:
(phonetics, linguistics, prosody) Elision, suppression, or complete loss of a letter or sound (syllable) from the beginning of a word, such as the development of special from especial; procope.


lexentry: eng/aphetism__Noun__1
written_rep: aphetism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: афереза
sense_list:
The aphetized form of a word, i.e. a word which has dropped its initial vowel or syllable, such as squire.


lexentry: eng/aphotic__Adjective__1
written_rep: aphotic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: афотический
sense_list:
Having no light, especially no sunlight; specifically (biology, oceanography) describing that part of deep lakes and oceans where less than one per cent of sunlight penetrates and where photosynthesis is not possible.


lexentry: eng/apical_ancestor__Noun__1
written_rep: apical ancestor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: родонача́льник
sense_list:
In kinship and descent, a common ancestor from whom a lineage or clan may trace its descent. The ancestor who is at the apex of the genealogy. | For clans, a common ancestor, who may be real, fictionalized, or a nonhuman totem.


lexentry: eng/apnea__Noun__1
written_rep: apnea
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апноэ
sense_list:
(pathology) The cessation of breathing, most often in reference to transient instances thereof during sleep.


lexentry: eng/apocalypse__Noun__1
written_rep: apocalypse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: апока́липсис | открове́ние
sense_list:
(Christianity) The unveiling of events prophesied in the Revelation; the second coming and the end of life on Earth; global destruction. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/apocatastasis__Noun__1
written_rep: apocatastasis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апоката́стасис
sense_list:
(especially, religion, rare) An apocalypse leading to the remaking of the world rather than a Final Judgment, (Christianity) an Origenist doctrine condemned by the 543 C.E. Synod of Constantinople.


lexentry: eng/apocrypha__Noun__1
written_rep: apocrypha
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апо́криф
sense_list:
Something, as a writing, that is of doubtful authorship or authority (formerly also used attributively).


lexentry: eng/apocryphal__Adjective__1
written_rep: apocryphal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: апокрифи́ческий | недостове́рный | сомни́тельный
sense_list:
(by extension) Of dubious veracity; of questionable accuracy or truthfulness; anecdotal or in the nature of an urban legend.


lexentry: eng/apogee__Noun__1
written_rep: apogee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апоге́й | апогей
sense_list:
(astronomy) The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is farthest from the Earth: the apoapsis of an Earth orbiter.


lexentry: eng/apolipoprotein__Noun__1
written_rep: apolipoprotein
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аполипопротеин
sense_list:
(protein) Any polypeptide or protein that can serve as an apoprotein by binding with a lipid to form a lipoprotein.


lexentry: eng/apologetics__Noun__1
written_rep: apologetics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апологе́тика
sense_list:
The field of study concerned with the systematic defense of a position, or of religious or occult doctrines


lexentry: eng/apologize__Verb__1
written_rep: apologize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: извини́ться | извиня́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive, often followed by “for”) To make an apology or excuse; to acknowledge some fault or offense, with expression of regret for it, by way of amends | (intransitive, dated) To make an apologia or defense; to act as apologist.


lexentry: eng/apology__Noun__1
written_rep: apology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: извине́ние | проще́ние
sense_list:
An expression of remorse or regret for having said or done something that harmed another: an instance of apologizing (saying that one is sorry).


lexentry: eng/apophysis__Noun__1
written_rep: apophysis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апо́физ
sense_list:
(anatomy) A natural outgrowth, swelling or enlargement, usually of an organism; a protuberance on a bone.


lexentry: eng/apoptosis__Noun__1
written_rep: apoptosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апопто́з | апоптоз
sense_list:
(biology, cytology) A process of programmed cell death by which cells undergo an ordered sequence of events which leads to death of the cell, as occurs during growth and development of the organism, as a part of normal cell aging, or as a response to cellular injury. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/aporia__Noun__1
written_rep: aporia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: апори́я
sense_list:
(philosophy, post-structuralism) An insoluble contradiction, especially in a text's meaning; a logical impasse suggested by a text or speaker.


lexentry: eng/aposiopesis__Noun__1
written_rep: aposiopesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апозиопе́зис
sense_list:
(rhetoric) An abrupt breaking-off in speech, often indicated in print using an ellipsis (…) or an em dash (—).


lexentry: eng/apostilb__Noun__1
written_rep: apostilb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апости́льб
sense_list:
(physics) a unit of luminance, being the luminance of a perfectly diffusing surface emitting light at the rate of 1⁄π candela per square metre. Also known as a blondel.


lexentry: eng/apostle__Noun__1
written_rep: apostle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апо́стол | апостол
sense_list:
A missionary, or leader of a religious mission, especially one in the early Christian Church (but see Apostle).


lexentry: eng/apostle__Noun__1
written_rep: apostle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: апостол
sense_list:
A top-ranking ecclesiastical official in the twelve seat administrative council of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.


lexentry: eng/apostolic__Adjective__1
written_rep: apostolic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апо́стольский
sense_list:
(Christianity) Pertaining to apostles or their practice or teaching; pertaining to the apostles (of early Christianity) or their teachings.


lexentry: eng/apostrophe__Noun__1
written_rep: apostrophe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апо́строф | апостро́ф | апостроф
sense_list:
(orthography) The text character ’, which serves as a punctuation mark in various languages and as a diacritical mark in certain rare contexts.


lexentry: eng/apostrophe__Noun__2
written_rep: apostrophe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апостроф
sense_list:
(rhetoric) A sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent.


lexentry: eng/apothecium__Noun__1
written_rep: apothecium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чашка
sense_list:
(lichenology & mycology) A type of fructification of some ascomycete fungi, forming cyst structures of various shapes. Often the fungal components of lichens have this sort of fertile structure.


lexentry: eng/app__Noun__1
written_rep: app
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[прикладной|прикладна́я]] [[програ́мма]] | приложе́ние | програ́мма | програ́ммка
sense_list:
(computing, mobile phones) An application (program), especially a small one designed for a mobile device.


lexentry: eng/apparatus__Noun__1
written_rep: apparatus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: аппара́т | аппарат
sense_list:
A complex machine or instrument. | A bureaucratic organization, especially one influenced by political patronage.


lexentry: eng/apparent__Adjective__1
written_rep: apparent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ка́жущийся
sense_list:
Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished from, but not necessarily opposed to, true or real); seeming.


lexentry: eng/apparent_brightness__Noun__1
written_rep: apparent brightness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ви́димый блеск
sense_list:
(astronomy) The brightness of a star as measured by an observer, as opposed to its intrinsic brightness when corrected for distance or absorption.


lexentry: eng/apparent_magnitude__Noun__1
written_rep: apparent magnitude
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ви́димая звёздная величина́
sense_list:
(astronomy) a numerical measure of the brightness of a star, planet etc.; a decrease of 1 unit represents an increase in the light received by a factor of 2.512


lexentry: eng/apparition__Noun__1
written_rep: apparition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: при́зрак | привиде́ние
sense_list:
An unexpected, wonderful, or preternatural appearance; especially something such as a ghost or phantom.


lexentry: eng/appeal__Noun__1
written_rep: appeal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апелля́ция | обжа́лование
sense_list:
An application to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.


lexentry: eng/appeal__Verb__1
written_rep: appeal
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апелли́ровать | обжа́ловать | опротесто́вывать | опротестова́ть
sense_list:
(intransitive) Often followed by against (the inferior court's decision) or to (the superior court): to apply to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.


lexentry: eng/appeal__Verb__1
written_rep: appeal
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: нра́виться | понра́виться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To call upon a person or an authority to corroborate a statement, to decide a controverted question, or to vindicate one's rights; to entreat, to invoke. | (intransitive, figuratively) To be attractive.


lexentry: eng/appear__Verb__1
written_rep: appear
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: предста́ть | представа́ть | яви́ться | явля́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To come before the public. | (intransitive) To stand in presence of some authority, tribunal, or superior person, to answer a charge, plead a cause, etc.; to present oneself as a party or advocate before a court, or as a person to be tried.


lexentry: eng/appear__Verb__1
written_rep: appear
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: ви́деться | предста́ть | представа́ть | приви́деться | яви́ться | явля́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To become visible to the apprehension of the mind; to be known as a subject of observation or comprehension, or as a thing proved; to be obvious or manifest.


lexentry: eng/appearance__Noun__1
written_rep: appearance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: появле́ние
sense_list:
The act of appearing in a particular place, or in society, a company, or any proceedings; a coming before the public in a particular character.


lexentry: eng/appearance__Noun__1
written_rep: appearance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: вне́шний вид | вне́шность | о́блик
sense_list:
(legal) An instance of someone coming into a court of law to be part of a trial, lawsuit or other proceeding, either in person or represented by an attorney or such like; a court appearance


lexentry: eng/appellate__Adjective__1
written_rep: appellate
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апелляцио́нный
sense_list:
That can be (legally) appealed to, especially of a court that hears appeals of decisions by a lower court.


lexentry: eng/appellation__Noun__1
written_rep: appellation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: назва́ние
sense_list:
(formal, _, or, _, dated) A name or title by which someone is addressed or identified; a designation.


lexentry: eng/appendage__Noun__1
written_rep: appendage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отро́сток | прида́ток
sense_list:
An external body part that projects from the body. | A natural prolongation or projection from a part of any organism.


lexentry: eng/apperception__Noun__1
written_rep: apperception
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апперце́пция
sense_list:
(uncountable, psychology, and, philosophy, especially Kantianism) The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own states, unifying past and present experiences; self-consciousness, perception that reflects upon itself. | (uncountable) Psychological or mental perception; recognition. | (countable, psychology) The general process or a particular act of mental assimilation of new experience into the totality of one's past experience.


lexentry: eng/applause__Noun__1
written_rep: applause
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аплодисме́нты | рукоплеска́ния
sense_list:
The act of applauding; approbation and praise publicly expressed by the clapping of hands, stamping or tapping of the feet, acclamation, huzzas, or other means; marked commendation.


lexentry: eng/apple__Noun__1
written_rep: apple
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: яблоко | я́блоко
sense_list:
(Christianity) According to postbiblical Christian tradition, the fruit of the tree of knowledge which was eaten by Adam and Eve despite God commanding them not to do so; the forbidden fruit. [from 11th c.] | A common, firm, round fruit produced by a tree of the genus Malus. | Often with a qualifying word: any fruit or vegetable, or any other thing (such as a cone or gall) produced by a plant, especially if from a tree and similar to the fruit of Malus domestica (sense 1.1). [from 9th c.] | A tree of the genus Malus; especially Malus domestica which is cultivated for its edible fruit; the apple tree. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/apple_bobbing__Noun__1
written_rep: apple bobbing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ловля яблок
sense_list:
A game, popular at Halloween, in which players try to pick up apples out of a large basin of water, using only their mouths.


lexentry: eng/apple_cider_vinegar__Noun__1
written_rep: apple cider vinegar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: я́блочный у́ксус
sense_list:
A vinegar, made from cider or apple must along with yeast and bacteria, that has been matured in wooden barrels.


lexentry: eng/apple_core__Noun__1
written_rep: apple core
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: огрызок
sense_list:
The central portion of an apple containing the seeds and where the stem attaches (and the opposed end). Particularly the portion that remains after the main part of the fruit has been eaten.


lexentry: eng/apple_of_Sodom__Noun__1
written_rep: apple of Sodom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: содо́мское я́блоко
sense_list:
The mudar (Calotropis procera), a flowering plant, found from northern Africa to southeast Asia, which bears poisonous fruit.


lexentry: eng/apple_of_discord__Noun__1
written_rep: apple of discord
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: я́блоко раздо́ра
sense_list:
An object or topic which sows anger and dissension; something which causes argument, rivalry, or strife.


lexentry: eng/apple_of_someone's_eye__Noun__1
written_rep: apple of someone's eye
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зени́ца о́ка | свет оче́й
sense_list:
(idiomatic) The object of somebody's affections; a person (or sometimes a thing) that someone strongly prefers; a favourite, a loved one.


lexentry: eng/apple_rose__Noun__1
written_rep: apple rose
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: Rosa villosa
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
ро́за волоси́стая | ро́за я́блочная | шипо́вник волоси́стый | шипо́вник мохна́тый | шипо́вник я́блочный


lexentry: eng/applejack__Noun__1
written_rep: applejack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: я́блочная во́дка
sense_list:
An alcoholic drink similar to apple brandy and calvados, made by freeze-distilling ("jacking") apple cider.


lexentry: eng/apples_and_oranges__Noun__1
written_rep: apples and oranges
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: му́хи отде́льно, котле́ты отде́льно
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A comparison of items that, however categorically similar, is inapt; an incompatible analogy, or the items so compared; disanalogy.


lexentry: eng/applet__Noun__1
written_rep: applet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: а́плет | а́пплет
sense_list:
(computing) A small program module that runs under the control of a larger application, typically a web browser.


lexentry: eng/appliance__Noun__1
written_rep: appliance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прибо́р | приспособле́ние
sense_list:
An implement, an instrument or apparatus designed (or at least used) as a means to a specific end, especially:


lexentry: eng/appliance__Noun__1
written_rep: appliance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: устро́йство | аппара́т | прибо́р
sense_list:
A non-manual apparatus or device, powered electrically or by another small motor, used in homes to perform domestic functions (household appliance) and/or in offices.


lexentry: eng/application__Noun__1
written_rep: application
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: примене́ние
sense_list:
The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence.


lexentry: eng/application__Noun__1
written_rep: application
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: приложе́ние | програ́мма
sense_list:
(computing) A computer program or the set of software that the end user perceives as a single entity as a tool for a well-defined purpose. (Also called: application program; application software.)


lexentry: eng/application__Noun__1
written_rep: application
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: зая́вка | заявле́ние | обраще́ние | про́сьба | проше́ние | хода́тайство
sense_list:
A verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school, course or similar.


lexentry: eng/application_programming_interface__Noun__1
written_rep: application programming interface
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: интерфе́йс программи́рования приложе́ний | эй-пи-а́й
sense_list:
(computing, programming) A set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications, which makes it possible for software components to interact with one another, leading to the ability to share data over a network.


lexentry: eng/applied_linguistics__Noun__1
written_rep: applied linguistics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прикладна́я лингви́стика
sense_list:
(linguistics) The interdisciplinary field of linguistics that identifies, investigates and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems.


lexentry: eng/applique__Noun__1
written_rep: applique
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апплика́ция
sense_list:
(arts) A decorative design made by cutting pieces of material and applying them to the surface of another for decoration.


lexentry: eng/apply__Verb__1
written_rep: apply
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: стара́ться
sense_list:
(transitive) To put closely; to join; to engage and employ diligently, or with attention | (reflexive) To work diligently and attentively.


lexentry: eng/apply__Verb__1
written_rep: apply
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: [[подава́ть]] [[заявка|зая́вку]] | [[подава́ть]] [[заявле́ние]] | заявля́ть | обраща́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To submit oneself as a candidate (with the adposition "to" designating the recipient of the submission, and the adposition "for" designating the position).


lexentry: eng/appoint__Verb__1
written_rep: appoint
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: жаловать | оборудовать | предоставлять | снаряжать
sense_list:
(transitive) To furnish or equip (a place) completely; to provide with all the equipment or furnishings necessary; to fit out.


lexentry: eng/appoint__Verb__1
written_rep: appoint
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: назначать
sense_list:
(transitive, legal) To fix the disposition of (property) by designating someone to take use of (it).


lexentry: eng/appointment__Noun__1
written_rep: appointment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: аппо́йнтмент | встре́ча | за́пись | назначе́ние
sense_list:
(government) The assignment of a person by an official to perform a duty, such as a presidential appointment of a judge to a court.


lexentry: eng/apportionment__Noun__1
written_rep: apportionment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: выделение
sense_list:
(US) The distribution of members of the House of Representatives according to the population of the various states.


lexentry: eng/apposition__Noun__1
written_rep: apposition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: приложе́ние
sense_list:
(grammar) A construction in which one noun or noun phrase is placed with another as an explanatory equivalent, both of them having the same syntactic function in the sentence.


lexentry: eng/appraise__Verb__1
written_rep: appraise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оцени́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To determine the value or worth of (something), particularly as a person appointed for this purpose.


lexentry: eng/appreciable__Adjective__1
written_rep: appreciable
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: заме́тный
sense_list:
(usually) Both detectable#Adjective and at least modestly substantial#Adjective: large enough to be estimated and to be of practical relevance#Noun.


lexentry: eng/appreciate__Verb__1
written_rep: appreciate
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: (transitive) To be fully conscious of; understand; be aware of; detect.
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list:
[[принима́ть]] во [[внима́ние]] | [[разбира́ться]] в | воспринима́ть | ощуща́ть | понима́ть | ула́вливать


lexentry: eng/appreciation__Noun__1
written_rep: appreciation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: благода́рность | высо́кая оце́нка | оце́нка | призна́тельность
sense_list:
A fair valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition of excellence; gratitude and esteem.


lexentry: eng/apprehend__Verb__1
written_rep: apprehend
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: боя́ться | опаса́ться
sense_list:
To anticipate (something, usually unpleasant); especially, to anticipate (something) with anxiety, dread, or fear; to dread, to fear.


lexentry: eng/apprehend__Verb__1
written_rep: apprehend
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: заде́рживать | задержа́ть | понима́ть | поня́ть | схвати́ть | хвата́ть
sense_list:
To take hold of (something) with understanding; to conceive (something) in the mind; to become cognizant of; to understand.


lexentry: eng/apprehension__Noun__1
written_rep: apprehension
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: осмысле́ние | понима́ние | постижение
sense_list:
Perception; the act of understanding using one's intellect without affirming, denying, or passing any judgment


lexentry: eng/apprehension__Noun__1
written_rep: apprehension
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: опасе́ние | предчу́вствие
sense_list:
Anticipation, especially of unfavorable things such as dread or fear or the prospect of something unpleasant in the future.


lexentry: eng/apprentice__Noun__1
written_rep: apprentice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: подмасте́рье
sense_list:
(historical) One who is bound by indentures or by legal agreement to serve a tradesperson, or other person, for a certain time, with a view to learn the art, or trade, in which his master is bound to instruct him.


lexentry: eng/apprenticeship__Noun__1
written_rep: apprenticeship
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: инструкция
sense_list:
The condition of, or the time served by, an apprentice. | The system by which a person learning a craft or trade is instructed by a master for a set time under set conditions.


lexentry: eng/approach__Noun__1
written_rep: approach
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: по́дступ | подхо́д | подъе́зд
sense_list:
(also, figuratively) An avenue, passage, or way by which a building or place can be approached; an access.


lexentry: eng/approach__Verb__1
written_rep: approach
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: подойти́ | подходи́ть | приближа́ться | приблизи́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To come or go near, in place or time; to move toward; to advance nearer; to draw nigh. | (ambitransitive, figuratively) Used intransitively, followed by to: to draw near (to someone or something); to make advances; to approximate or become almost equal.


lexentry: eng/approach_shot__Noun__1
written_rep: approach shot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[выводя́щий]] [[уда́р]]
sense_list:
(golf) Any shot, normally not when teeing off, aimed to land on the green, hit for accuracy more than power.


lexentry: eng/approbation__Noun__1
written_rep: approbation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: одобре́ние
sense_list:
The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval, sanction, commendation or official recognition.


lexentry: eng/appropriate__Adjective__1
written_rep: appropriate
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: подходя́щий | уме́стный
sense_list:
Suitable to the social situation or to social respect or social discreetness; socially correct; socially discreet; well-mannered; proper.


lexentry: eng/appropriate__Verb__1
written_rep: appropriate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ассигнова́ть | вы́делить | выделя́ть | присва́ивать | присво́ить
sense_list:
(transitive) To set apart for, or assign to, a particular person or use, especially in exclusion of all others; with to or for.


lexentry: eng/approval__Noun__1
written_rep: approval
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: одобре́ние | разреше́ние | утвержде́ние
sense_list:
An expression granting permission; an indication of agreement with a proposal; an acknowledgement that a person, thing, or event meets requirements.


lexentry: eng/approximation__Noun__1
written_rep: approximation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: приближе́ние
sense_list:
(linguistics) The act of producing a near-simulation of the pronunciation of a foreign language for a loanword therefrom, or any given pronunciation resulting from that act.


lexentry: eng/apraxia__Noun__1
written_rep: apraxia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апра́ксия
sense_list:
(neurology) Total or partial loss of the ability to perform coordinated movements or manipulate objects in the absence of motor or sensory impairment; specifically, a disorder of motor planning.


lexentry: eng/apriorism__Noun__1
written_rep: apriorism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: априоризм
sense_list:
(philosophy) The idea that some knowledge of the physical world can be derived logically from general principles.


lexentry: eng/apse__Noun__1
written_rep: apse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: апси́да | апсида
sense_list:
(architecture) A semicircular projection from a building, especially the rounded east end of a church that contains the altar.


lexentry: eng/apsis__Noun__1
written_rep: apsis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: апси́да
sense_list:
(astronomy) Either of the points in the elliptical orbit of a planet, comet, or moon where it is closest or furthest from the body it orbits; examples are perihelion, aphelion, perigee, and apogee


lexentry: eng/aqua_regia__Noun__1
written_rep: aqua regia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ца́рская во́дка | царская водка
sense_list:
(inorganic compound, archaic) A mixture of three parts concentrated hydrochloric acid to one part concentrated nitric acid, named for its ability to dissolve gold.


lexentry: eng/aqualung__Noun__1
written_rep: aqualung
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аквала́нг
sense_list:
(underwater diving) A piece of equipment consisting of an oxygen tank and breathing apparatus used by divers to allow them to breathe underwater.


lexentry: eng/aquaplaning__Noun__1
written_rep: aquaplaning
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аквапланинг
sense_list:
(automotive, UK) The loss of contact with the road because of surface water. The act of aquaplaning.


lexentry: eng/aquaponics__Noun__1
written_rep: aquaponics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аквапоника
sense_list:
(agriculture) A sustainable food production system that combines traditional aquaculture with hydroponics, with effluent from the water in which fish are reared being used as nutrition for plants.


lexentry: eng/aquaporin__Noun__1
written_rep: aquaporin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аквапорины
sense_list:
(protein) Any of a class of proteins that form water-permeable pores in the membrane of biological cells.


lexentry: eng/aquarium__Noun__1
written_rep: aquarium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аква́риум | аквариум
sense_list:
A tank, often made of glass, for keeping live fish or other aquatic animals. | A public place where live fish and other aquatic animals are exhibited.


