# translation

lexentry: eng/preeminent__Adjective__1
written_rep: preeminent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: выдаю́щийся
sense_list:
Exceeding others in quality or rank; of outstanding excellence, extremely notable or important. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/preempt__Verb__1
written_rep: preempt
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: опережать
sense_list:
(transitive) To appropriate first. | (transitive) To prevent or beat to the punch, to forestall an expected occurrence by acting first.


lexentry: eng/preen__Verb__2
written_rep: preen
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: прихора́шиваться | прихороши́ться
sense_list:
(of people, intransitive, reflexive) To spend time making oneself attractive and admiring one's appearance, e.g. in front of a mirror.


lexentry: eng/preface__Noun__1
written_rep: preface
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: введе́ние | вступле́ние | предисло́вие | проло́г
sense_list:
A beginning or introductory portion that comes before the main text of a document or book, typically serving to contextualize or explain the writing of the book and sometimes to acknowledge others' contributions; especially, such a discussion written by the work's own author.


lexentry: eng/prefect__Noun__1
written_rep: prefect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: префе́кт
sense_list:
(historical) An official of Ancient Rome who controlled or superintended a particular command, charge, department, etc. | The head of a prefecture in Japan.


lexentry: eng/prefecture__Noun__1
written_rep: prefecture
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: префекту́ра | префектура
sense_list:
The jurisdiction of a prefect; the region administered by a prefect, especially as a translation of certain French, Chinese, and Japanese administrative divisions.


lexentry: eng/prefer__Verb__1
written_rep: prefer
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предпочита́ть | предпоче́сть
sense_list:
(transitive) To be in the habit of choosing something rather than something else; to favor; to like better. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/prefix__Noun__1
written_rep: prefix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: приста́вка | пре́фикс | приставка
sense_list:
(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning, for example as, pre- in prefix, con- in conjure, re- in reheat, etc.


lexentry: eng/pregabalin__Noun__1
written_rep: pregabalin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: нрегабалин
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) An anticonvulsant drug used for neuropathic pain and as an adjunct therapy for seizures.


lexentry: eng/pregnancy_test__Noun__1
written_rep: pregnancy test
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тест на бере́менность | тест на беременность
sense_list:
a piece of test equipment that determines whether a woman, or by extension, a female animal is pregnant


lexentry: eng/pregnant__Adjective__1
written_rep: pregnant
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: содержа́тельный | чрева́тый
sense_list:
(comparable) Meaningful, having numerous possibilities or implications; full of promise; abounding in ability, resources, etc.


lexentry: eng/prehensile__Adjective__1
written_rep: prehensile
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хвата́тельный | це́пкий
sense_list:
(zoology) Able to take hold of and clasp objects; adapted for grasping especially by wrapping around an object.


lexentry: eng/prehung__Adjective__1
written_rep: prehung
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: готовый
sense_list:
(of a door or window) Delivered to the customer as installation-ready unit, already attached to its frame.


lexentry: eng/preindustrial__Adjective__1
written_rep: preindustrial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: доиндустриа́льный
sense_list:
Of or relating to the period before the Industrial Revolution and the global industrialisation that followed.


lexentry: eng/prejudice__Noun__1
written_rep: prejudice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: предрассудок
sense_list:
(countable) An irrational hostile attitude, fear or hatred towards a particular group, race or religion.


lexentry: eng/prelapsarian__Adjective__1
written_rep: prelapsarian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: безгреховный | догреховный
sense_list:
(Judaism, Christianity) Of, or relating to the period of innocence before the Fall of man; innocent, unspoiled.


lexentry: eng/prelate__Noun__1
written_rep: prelate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прела́т | прелат
sense_list:
A clergyman of high rank and authority, having jurisdiction over an area or a group of people; normally a bishop.


lexentry: eng/prelude__Noun__1
written_rep: prelude
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: прелю́дия | прелюдия
sense_list:
(music) A short, free-form piece of music, originally one serving as an introduction to a longer and more complex piece; later, starting with the Romantic period, generally a stand-alone piece. [from 1650s]


lexentry: eng/premature__Adjective__1
written_rep: premature
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: преждевре́менный
sense_list:
Occurring before a state of readiness or maturity has arrived. | Taking place earlier than anticipated, prepared for, or desired.


lexentry: eng/premature_ejaculation__Noun__1
written_rep: premature ejaculation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: преждевре́менная эякуля́ция
sense_list:
A medical condition where a man, when initiating sexual intercourse, will experience an orgasm and expel semen after a time period far below the average, generally defined as one minute or less.


lexentry: eng/premenstrual__Adjective__1
written_rep: premenstrual
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предменструа́льный
sense_list:
Occurring in the time period during the menstrual cycle leading up to the beginning of menstruation.


lexentry: eng/premenstrual_syndrome__Noun__1
written_rep: premenstrual syndrome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предменструа́льный синдро́м
sense_list:
The physical and psychological malaise experienced by many women between ovulation and the onset of menstruation; premenstrual tension. [1953]


lexentry: eng/premier__Noun__1
written_rep: premier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: премье́р | премье́р-мини́стр
sense_list:
(politics, non-Westminster) The government leader in a legislative congress or leader of a government-level administrative body; the head of government.


lexentry: eng/premiere__Noun__1
written_rep: premiere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: премье́ра | премьера
sense_list:
The first showing of a film, play or other form of entertainment, often held as a special event with celebrity guests.


lexentry: eng/premise__Noun__1
written_rep: premise
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: допуще́ние | предпосы́лка
sense_list:
A proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition.


lexentry: eng/premise__Noun__1
written_rep: premise
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: посы́лка | предпосы́лка
sense_list:
(usually, in the plural, legal) Matters previously stated or set forth; especially, that part in the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express the grantor and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed, and all that precedes the habendum; the thing demised or granted.


lexentry: eng/premolar__Noun__1
written_rep: premolar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: премоля́р
sense_list:
A tooth situated in front of the molar teeth; especially a tooth in humans with two cusps which is between the canines and the molars (Latin: singular dens premolaris, plural dentes premolares)


lexentry: eng/premonition__Noun__1
written_rep: premonition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предчу́вствие
sense_list:
A clairvoyant or clairaudient experience, such as a dream, which resonates with some event in the future. | A strong intuition that something is about to happen (usually something negative, but not exclusively).


lexentry: eng/prenuptial_agreement__Noun__1
written_rep: prenuptial agreement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бра́чный догово́р | бра́чный контра́кт
sense_list:
A legal document, signed by both parties before marriage, stating the legal claims on each other's estate upon a subsequent divorce.


lexentry: eng/preoccupy__Verb__1
written_rep: preoccupy
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C рассеять
sense_list:
(transitive) To distract; to draw attention elsewhere. [from 16th c.] | (transitive) To worry or concern (someone) so as to distract them.


lexentry: eng/prep_school__Noun__1
written_rep: prep school
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гимназия
sense_list:
(US) A private or public school intended to prepare its students to gain admission into prestigious universities.


lexentry: eng/preparatory__Adjective__1
written_rep: preparatory
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: подготовительный
sense_list:
Of or pertaining to preparation, having the purpose of making something or someone ready, preparative.


lexentry: eng/prepare__Verb__1
written_rep: prepare
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гото́вить | подгота́вливать | подгото́вить | пригото́вить
sense_list:
(transitive) To make ready for a specific future purpose; to set up; to assemble or equip; to forearm.


lexentry: eng/prepend__Verb__1
written_rep: prepend
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предварять
sense_list:
(computing, linguistics, transitive) To attach (an expression, phrase, etc.) to another, as a prefix.


lexentry: eng/preposition__Noun__1
written_rep: preposition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предло́г | предлог
sense_list:
(grammar, strict sense) Any of a class of non-inflecting words and multiword terms typically employed to connect a following noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word: a particle used with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to make a phrase limiting some other word.


lexentry: eng/prepositional_article__Noun__1
written_rep: prepositional article
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сочленённый предло́г
sense_list:
(grammar) In some languages, such as French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish, a contraction of a preposition and an article, e.g. au in French (a contraction of à and le).


lexentry: eng/prepositional_case__Noun__1
written_rep: prepositional case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предло́жный паде́ж
sense_list:
(grammar) A noun case serving as object of a preposition. Prepositions that often govern the prepositional case include "about", "in", "on", and "near". Russian is an example of a language that uses the prepositional case.


lexentry: eng/prepositional_phrase__Noun__1
written_rep: prepositional phrase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предло́жная гру́ппа | предло́жно-именно́е сочета́ние
sense_list:
(grammar) A phrase containing both a preposition and its object or complement and which may be used as an adjunct or a modifier.


lexentry: eng/prepossess__Verb__1
written_rep: prepossess
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: подкупа́ть | подкупи́ть
sense_list:
Chiefly followed by by or with: to preoccupy (someone) in an emotional or mental way, so as to preclude other things. | (by extension) To cause (someone) to have a previous inclination against, for, or to something; to bias or prejudice; specifically, to induce in (someone) a favourable opinion beforehand, or at the outset.


lexentry: eng/prequel__Noun__1
written_rep: prequel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предысто́рия | при́квел
sense_list:
(narratology) In a series of works, an installment that is set chronologically before its predecessor, especially the original narrative or (perhaps improper usage) any narrative work with at least one sequel.


lexentry: eng/prerequisite__Noun__1
written_rep: prerequisite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: предпосы́лка | предусловие
sense_list:
In education, a course or topic that must be completed before another course or topic can be started. May be colloquially referred to as a prereq.


lexentry: eng/prerogative__Noun__1
written_rep: prerogative
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: исключи́тельное пра́во | прерогати́ва
sense_list:
A right, or power that is exclusive to a monarch etc, especially such a power to make a decision or judgement.


lexentry: eng/presbytery__Noun__1
written_rep: presbytery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: пресвитерий
sense_list:
A body of elders in the early Christian church. | Presbyters collectively; the body of presbyters of a congregation.


lexentry: eng/prescribe__Verb__1
written_rep: prescribe
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пропи́сывать | назнача́ть
sense_list:
(medicine) To order (a drug or medical device) for use by a particular patient (under licensed authority).


lexentry: eng/prescribe__Verb__1
written_rep: prescribe
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: предпи́сывать | устана́вливать
sense_list:
To specify by writing as a required procedure or ritual; to lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of action.


lexentry: eng/prescription__Noun__1
written_rep: prescription
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реце́пт | предписа́ние
sense_list:
(medicine, pharmacy, pharmacology) A written order from an authorized medical practitioner for provision of a medicine or other treatment, such as (ophthalmology) the specific lenses needed for a pair of glasses.


lexentry: eng/prescription__Noun__1
written_rep: prescription
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: предписа́ние | прескри́пция | распоряже́ние
sense_list:
(legal) Synonym of enactment, the act of establishing a law, regulation, etc., particularly in writing; an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/prescription__Noun__1
written_rep: prescription
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: прескри́пция
sense_list:
(linguistics) The act of establishing or formalizing ideal norms for language use, as opposed to describing the actual norms of such use; an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/prescription_drug__Noun__1
written_rep: prescription drug
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[рецепту́рное]] [[лека́рство]]
sense_list:
(pharmacology) A licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a prescription before it can be obtained.


lexentry: eng/prescriptive__Adjective__1
written_rep: prescriptive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: нормати́вный | предпи́сывающий
sense_list:
Of or pertaining to prescribing or enjoining, especially an action or behavior based on a norm or standard.


lexentry: eng/prescriptivism__Noun__1
written_rep: prescriptivism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прескриптивизм
sense_list:
(linguistics) The practice of prescribing idealistic norms, as opposed to describing realistic forms, of linguistic usage.


lexentry: eng/presence_of_mind__Noun__1
written_rep: presence of mind
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прису́тствие духа
sense_list:
Focused alertness, good sense, quick-thinking resourcefulness, or stability of feeling and thought, especially in spite of circumstances which are distracting, stressful, or otherwise challenging.


lexentry: eng/present__Adjective__1
written_rep: present
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: настоя́щий | ны́нешний
sense_list:
Relating to now, for the time being; current. | Relating to something a person is referring to in the very context, with a deictic use similar to the demonstrative adjective this.


lexentry: eng/present__Verb__1
written_rep: present
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: пода́ть | подава́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, now, rare) To charge (a person) with a crime or accusation; to bring before court. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/present_arms__Noun__1
written_rep: present arms
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: на карау́л
sense_list:
(military) A position of salute in the manual of arms in which the gun is held in both hands vertically in front of the body, with the muzzle upward and the trigger side forward.


lexentry: eng/present_continuous__Noun__1
written_rep: present continuous
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: настоя́щее дли́тельное вре́мя | настоя́щее продо́лженное вре́мя
sense_list:
(grammar) A tense that describes an ongoing action in the present. In English it is formed by use of a form of be with a present participle.


lexentry: eng/present_participle__Noun__1
written_rep: present participle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прича́стие настоя́щего вре́мени
sense_list:
(grammar) A nonfinite verb form that indicates an ongoing action or state and which can function as an adjective.


lexentry: eng/present_perfect__Noun__1
written_rep: present perfect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: настоя́щее соверше́нное вре́мя
sense_list:
(grammar) A perfect tense that expresses action in the past (usually completed) with consequences in the present time.


lexentry: eng/present_perfect_continuous__Noun__1
written_rep: present perfect continuous
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: настоя́щее соверше́нное непреры́вное вре́мя | настоя́щее соверше́нное продо́лженное вре́мя
sense_list:
(grammar) A tense that expresses an unbroken action continuing at the present time, started in the past. In English it is formed by using have been with a present participle.


lexentry: eng/present_tense__Noun__1
written_rep: present tense
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: настоя́щее вре́мя | настоящее время
sense_list:
(grammar) A grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in the present time.


lexentry: eng/presentative__Noun__1
written_rep: presentative
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: представляющий
sense_list:
(grammar) A construct that serves to present something, or draw it to the attention of the interlocutor.


lexentry: eng/presentism__Noun__1
written_rep: presentism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: презенти́зм
sense_list:
(philosophy) The view that neither the future nor the past exist (events and entities that are wholly past or wholly future do not exist at all).


lexentry: eng/president__Noun__1
written_rep: president
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: генера́льный дире́ктор | президе́нт
sense_list:
Primary leader of a corporation. Not to be confused with CEO, which is a related but separate position that is sometimes held by a different person.


lexentry: eng/press__Noun__1
written_rep: press
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: жим
sense_list:
(countable, weightlifting) An exercise in which weight is forced away from the body by extension of the arms or legs.


lexentry: eng/press__Verb__1
written_rep: press
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: гла́дить
sense_list:
(transitive, sewing) To flatten a selected area of fabric using an iron with an up-and-down, not sliding, motion, so as to avoid disturbing adjacent areas.


lexentry: eng/press_secretary__Noun__1
written_rep: press secretary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пре́сс-секрета́рша | пресс-секрета́рь
sense_list:
A senior advisor who provides advice on how to deal with the news media and helps the employer to maintain a positive public image.


lexentry: eng/presstitute__Noun__1
written_rep: presstitute
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: журнали́зд | журнашлю́ха
sense_list:
(derogatory, sometimes, attributive) A person or media entity that misleadingly tailors news to fit a particular partisan agenda.


lexentry: eng/pressure__Noun__1
written_rep: pressure
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: давле́ние | давление
sense_list:
(physics) The amount of force that is applied over a given area divided by the size of this area; force per unit area.


lexentry: eng/pressure_cooker__Noun__1
written_rep: pressure cooker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: скорова́рка | скороварка
sense_list:
(cookware) A sealed cooking vessel that allows cooking in greater than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature above the boiling point of water.


lexentry: eng/pressure_point__Noun__1
written_rep: pressure point
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жи́зненно ва́жная то́чка
sense_list:
(martial arts) A specific small area of the body targeted, due to a cluster of nerves being close to the skin, usually not protected by bone. | (therapy) A specific small area of the body sensitive to and suitable for therapeutic pressure.


lexentry: eng/pressure_suit__Noun__1
written_rep: pressure suit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: скафандр
sense_list:
(aviation, astronautics) A sealed, full-body garment, usually with an attachable helmet, which maintains air pressure or mechanical pressure around the body of an astronaut or aviator to compensate for the low density of the air at high altitudes.


lexentry: eng/prestige__Noun__1
written_rep: prestige
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прести́ж | авторите́т
sense_list:
The quality of how good the reputation of something or someone is, how favourably something or someone is regarded.


lexentry: eng/presume__Verb__1
written_rep: presume
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: предполага́ть | предположи́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To assume or suggest to be true (without proof); to take for granted, to suppose. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/presumption_of_innocence__Noun__1
written_rep: presumption of innocence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: презумпция невиновности
sense_list:
(legal) The precept that someone will not be convicted of a crime unless (the judge, prosecutor, officer) proves guilt beyond a reasonable doubt and is non liquet, with there being no present burden of proof duty subjected on the accused to prove innocence.


lexentry: eng/presumptuous__Adjective__1
written_rep: presumptuous
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: де́рзкий | на́глый | наха́льный | самонаде́янный | самоуве́ренный
sense_list:
Making unwarranted presumptions or assumptions, often out of arrogance or excessive self-confidence, and thus exceeding what is appropriate or right.


lexentry: eng/presuppose__Verb__1
written_rep: presuppose
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предполага́ть
sense_list:
To assume some truth without proof, usually for the purpose of reaching a conclusion based on that truth.


lexentry: eng/presymptomatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: presymptomatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предсимпто́мный
sense_list:
(medicine) relating to the early stages of a disease, before all symptoms have developed and when therefore accurate diagnosis is not possible.


lexentry: eng/presynaptic__Adjective__1
written_rep: presynaptic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пресинаптический
sense_list:
(cytology) In a synapse, of or pertaining to the neuron that releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.


lexentry: eng/preta__Noun__1
written_rep: preta
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пре́та
sense_list:
A hungry ghost (a supernatural being in Buddhist folklore, the spirit of a greedy person whose divine retribution is never to be sated)


lexentry: eng/pretend__Verb__1
written_rep: pretend
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: де́лать вид | прики́дываться | прики́нуться | притвори́ться | притворя́ться | сде́лать вид
sense_list:
(intransitive, or, with 'that' clause, or, 'to' infinitive) To speak or behave so as to give a false or simulated appearance. [from 14th c.] | (transitive, obsolete) To intend; to design, to plot; to attempt.


lexentry: eng/pretender__Noun__1
written_rep: pretender
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: претенде́нт | претенде́нтка
sense_list:
A claimant to a throne or the office of a ruler; originally in a neutral sense, but now always applied to a claimant who is held to have no just title.


lexentry: eng/pretense__Noun__1
written_rep: pretense
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: притво́рство
sense_list:
(countable, or, uncountable) The action of pretending; false or simulated show or appearance; false or hypocritical assertion or representation.


lexentry: eng/preterite__Noun__1
written_rep: preterite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прете́рит | проше́дшее вре́мя
sense_list:
(grammar) A grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past.


lexentry: eng/prettify__Verb__1
written_rep: prettify
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: приукрасить
sense_list:
To make pretty or prettier, to make more attractive, especially only in a superficial way. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/pretty_Polly__Phrase__1
written_rep: pretty Polly
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: по́пка-дура́к
sense_list:
A phrase traditionally said to parrots, and a phrase that parrots are traditionally taught to speak.


lexentry: eng/pretty_penny__Noun__1
written_rep: pretty penny
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: влета́ть в копе́ечку | кру́гленькая су́мма
sense_list:
(idiomatic, informal) Chiefly preceded by a: a considerable amount of money; a high income or price.


lexentry: eng/prevail__Verb__1
written_rep: prevail
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: доминировать | восторжествовать | госпо́дствовать | одержать победу
sense_list:
(intransitive) To be superior in strength, dominance, influence, or frequency; to have or gain the advantage over others; to have the upper hand; to outnumber others.


lexentry: eng/prevalence__Noun__1
written_rep: prevalence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: распространённость
sense_list:
(epidemiology) The total number of cases of a disease in a given statistical population at a given time, divided by the number of individuals in that population.


lexentry: eng/prevention__Noun__1
written_rep: prevention
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: профила́ктика
sense_list:
(medicine) Any measure intended to limit health-related risks (such as information campaigns, vaccination, early diagnosis etc.).


lexentry: eng/prevention_is_better_than_cure__Proverb__1
written_rep: prevention is better than cure
part_of_speech: proverb
sense_list: It is better to prevent the creation of a problem than to have to deal with it afterwards.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
грамм профилактики стоит килограмма лечения | лу́чше боле́знь предотврати́ть, чем пото́м лечи́ть | профила́ктика лу́чше лече́ния


lexentry: eng/preventive__Adjective__1
written_rep: preventive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: превентивный
sense_list:
Preventing, hindering, or acting as an obstacle to. | Slowing the development of an illness; prophylactic.


lexentry: eng/preverb__Noun__1
written_rep: preverb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: преве́рб
sense_list:
(grammar) Any of a class of words in the Chinese language whose function is analogous to the cases, prepositions, and postpositions of other languages.


lexentry: eng/preview__Noun__1
written_rep: preview
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: [[предвари́тельный]] [[просмо́тр]] | предвкуше́ние | предосмо́тр
sense_list:
(computing) A facility for viewing and checking a document or photo, or changes to it, before saving or printing it.


lexentry: eng/prey__Noun__1
written_rep: prey
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: добы́ча | пожи́ва | приз | трофе́и
sense_list:
(archaic) Anything, such as goods, etc., taken or got by violence; something taken by force from an enemy in war.


lexentry: eng/priapism__Noun__1
written_rep: priapism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: приапи́зм | приапизм
sense_list:
(pathology, uncountable) A potentially painful or harmful medical condition in which the erect penis does not return to its flaccid state (despite the absence of both physical and psychological stimulation), often as a result of a spinal injury.


lexentry: eng/price_of_tea_in_China__Noun__1
written_rep: price of tea in China
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: в огоро́де бузина́, а в Ки́еве дя́дька
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Something that is irrelevant or unimportant, usually used to emphasize the lack of relationship of a non sequitur.


lexentry: eng/prick__Noun__1
written_rep: prick
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: недоу́мок | приду́рок
sense_list:
An indentation or small mark made with a pointed object. [from 10th c.] | (slang, derogatory) Someone (especially a male) who is unpleasant, rude or annoying. [from 16th c.] | (obsolete) The point on a target at which an archer aims; the mark; the pin.


lexentry: eng/pride__Noun__1
written_rep: pride
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: го́рдость | гордость
sense_list:
A sense of one's own worth; reasonable self-esteem and satisfaction (in oneself, in one's work, one's family, etc). | Something or someone of which one is proud; that which is the source of self-congratulation and self-esteem (whether reasonable or arrogant), for example


lexentry: eng/pride__Noun__1
written_rep: pride
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: горды́ня | спесь | высокоме́рие | го́нор | зано́счивость | чва́нство
sense_list:
An unreasonable overestimation of one's own superiority in terms of talents, or looks, wealth, importance, etc., which comes across as being haughty, lofty, and often showing contempt of others; exaggerated self-worth.


lexentry: eng/pride__Noun__1
written_rep: pride
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: горды́ня | спесь | высокоме́рие | зано́счивость | чва́нство
sense_list:
Proud or disdainful behavior or treatment that reflects such an attitude (of haughtiness); arrogance.


lexentry: eng/pride_comes_before_a_fall__Proverb__1
written_rep: pride comes before a fall
part_of_speech: proverb
sense_list: A person who is excessively proud will often suffer a setback or failure.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
Сатана гордился, с неба свалился; фараон гордился, в море утопился; а мы гордимся - куда годимся? | горды́ня до добра́ не доведёт


lexentry: eng/pride_parade__Noun__1
written_rep: pride parade
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гей-парад
sense_list:
An annual parade, held in communities in many parts of the world, celebrating lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex pride and culture and the acceptance of people belonging to sexual minorities.


lexentry: eng/priest__Noun__1
written_rep: priest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жрец | поп | ксёндз | свяще́нник | ба́тюшка | оте́ц
sense_list:
A religious clergyman (clergywoman, clergyperson) who is trained to perform services or sacrifices at a church or temple.


lexentry: eng/prig__Noun__1
written_rep: prig
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: резонёр
sense_list:
A deliberately superior person; a person who demonstrates an exaggerated conformity or propriety, especially in an irritatingly arrogant or smug manner.


lexentry: eng/prilling__Noun__1
written_rep: prilling
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гранули́рование | зерне́ние
sense_list:
The solidification of droplets of molten material falling against an upward stream of air; used especially to agglomerate ammonium nitrate and urea for use as a fertilizer.


lexentry: eng/prima_donna__Noun__1
written_rep: prima donna
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: примадо́нна
sense_list:
(opera) The principal female singer or the leading lady. | (derogatory) A person who considers themself much more important than others, has high expectations of others and becomes angry when their demands are not met.


lexentry: eng/primacy__Noun__1
written_rep: primacy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: первосвяти́тельство
sense_list:
(religion) The office, rank, or character of a primate, it being the chief ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church.


lexentry: eng/primacy_effect__Noun__1
written_rep: primacy effect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: эффе́кт пе́рвенства
sense_list:
The increased ability to remember items presented earlier, such as the first items in a list: the early-position aspect of the serial position effect.


lexentry: eng/primal_scene__Noun__1
written_rep: primal scene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перви́чный грех
sense_list:
(psychoanalysis) In Freudian theory, the first time a child witnesses (and understands) his or her parents copulating.


lexentry: eng/primary_color__Noun__1
written_rep: primary color
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: основной цвет
sense_list:
Any of three colors which, when added to or subtracted from others in different amounts, can generate all other colors


lexentry: eng/primary_colour__Noun__1
written_rep: primary colour
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: основной цвет
sense_list:
(British spelling) Any of three colours which, when added to or subtracted from others in different amounts, can generate all other colours


lexentry: eng/primary_education__Noun__1
written_rep: primary education
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: нача́льное образова́ние
sense_list:
The basic schooling given to children up to the age of puberty, including reading, writing, and basic mathematics.


lexentry: eng/primary_key__Noun__1
written_rep: primary key
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перви́чный ключ
sense_list:
(computing, databases) In the design of a database table, the primary key (abbreviated PK) is selected among the non-empty set of candidate keys. The PK is a column (or an irreducible group of columns) able to identify every row of the table.


lexentry: eng/primary_producer__Noun__1
written_rep: primary producer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: продюсер
sense_list:
(biology) An autotrophic organism producing complex organic matter, using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.


lexentry: eng/primary_school__Noun__1
written_rep: primary school
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: нача́льная шко́ла | семиле́тка
sense_list:
(British, Australian, NZ, India, sometimes, Philippines, schools) A formal, obligatory kind of school that typically begins with nursery school or first grade and ends at fifth or sixth grade.


lexentry: eng/primary_source__Noun__1
written_rep: primary source
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: первоисто́чник
sense_list:
(historiography) A historical object, especially a written document, that was created at or near the time of the events studied.


lexentry: eng/primate__Noun__1
written_rep: primate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прима́т | примат
sense_list:
(zoology) A mammal of the order Primates, including apes (which include humans), monkeys, lemurs, tarsiers, lorisids, and galagos.


lexentry: eng/primate__Noun__2
written_rep: primate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: архиепи́скоп | епи́скоп | прима́с
sense_list:
(Christianity) In the Catholic Church, a rare title conferred to or claimed by the sees of certain archbishops, or the highest-ranking bishop of a present or historical, usually political circumscription. | (Christianity) In the Anglican Church, an archbishop, or the highest-ranking bishop of an ecclesiastic province.


lexentry: eng/prime__Adjective__1
written_rep: prime
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: просто́й
sense_list:
(mathematics, lay) Having exactly two integral factors: itself and unity (1 in the case of integers).


lexentry: eng/prime_meridian__Noun__1
written_rep: prime meridian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Гри́нвичский меридиа́н
sense_list:
The reference line at 0° longitude, passing through Greenwich, England, from which longitude east and west is measured.


lexentry: eng/prime_minister__Noun__1
written_rep: prime minister
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: второ́е лицо́ | глава́ прави́тельства | премье́р | премье́р-мини́стр
sense_list:
The chief member of the cabinet and head of the government, especially in a parliamentary democracy; often the leader of the majority party.


lexentry: eng/prime_mover__Noun__1
written_rep: prime mover
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: перви́чный дви́гатель
sense_list:
A machine, such as a water wheel or steam engine, that receives and modifies energy as supplied by some natural source or fuel and transforms it into mechanical work


lexentry: eng/prime_mover__Noun__1
written_rep: prime mover
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: букси́р | тра́ктор | тяга́ч
sense_list:
(automotive) The front part of a semi-trailer type truck, i.e., the tractor to which the trailer part attaches.


lexentry: eng/prime_number__Noun__1
written_rep: prime number
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: просто́е число́ | простое число
sense_list:
(number theory) Any natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers.


lexentry: eng/prime_suspect__Noun__1
written_rep: prime suspect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гла́вный подозрева́емый
sense_list:
(legal) A person who is considered by the law enforcement agency investigating a crime to be the most likely suspect.


lexentry: eng/prime_time__Noun__1
written_rep: prime time
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лу́чшее эфи́рное вре́мя | прайм-та́йм
sense_list:
(television, radio) The block of programming on television during the middle of the evening, usually between 7:00 pm and 11:00 pm.


lexentry: eng/primer__Noun__2
written_rep: primer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: запа́л | ка́псюль
sense_list:
Any substance or device, such as priming wire or blasting cap, used to ignite gunpowder or other explosive.


lexentry: eng/primeval_forest__Noun__1
written_rep: primeval forest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: девственный лес | коренной лес | перви́чный лес | первобы́тный лес | пу́ща
sense_list:
A forest unaffected by humans, typically containing large live trees, large dead trees, and large logs.


lexentry: eng/primigravida__Noun__1
written_rep: primigravida
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: первородящая
sense_list:
(obstetrics, veterinary medicine) A woman or female animal who is pregnant for the first time, or who has been pregnant once. [from late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/primitive__Noun__1
written_rep: primitive
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: примити́в
sense_list:
(linguistics) An original or primary word; a word not derived from another, as opposed to derivative. | (programming) A data type that is built into the programming language, as opposed to more complex structures.


lexentry: eng/primitivism__Noun__1
written_rep: primitivism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: примитивизм
sense_list:
Any of a group of related styles in the arts, influenced by a belief in the superiority of primitive forms.


lexentry: eng/primogeniture__Noun__1
written_rep: primogeniture
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: первородство
sense_list:
The principle that the eldest child, traditionally the eldest male, has an exclusive right of inheritance.


lexentry: eng/primordial_soup__Noun__1
written_rep: primordial soup
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перви́чный бульо́н
sense_list:
(informal, evolutionary theory) The state of the Earth's oceans at a very early time in the planet's history, during the early development of multicellular organisms.


lexentry: eng/primrose__Noun__1
written_rep: primrose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: первоцве́т | при́мула
sense_list:
A flowering plant of the genus Primula. | Specifically, the species Primula acaulis (syn. Primula vulgaris), also called common primrose. | A flower of a primrose plant.


lexentry: eng/prince__Noun__1
written_rep: prince
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: принц | короле́вич | царе́вич
sense_list:
A male member of a royal family other than the ruler; especially (in the United Kingdom) the son or grandson of the monarch. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/prince_regent__Noun__1
written_rep: prince regent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: принц-ре́гент
sense_list:
A prince who rules a country as a regent in place of a monarch who is unfit to rule for a particular reason.


lexentry: eng/princess__Noun__1
written_rep: princess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: княги́ня | короле́вна | принце́сса | царе́вна
sense_list:
A female member of a royal family other than a queen, especially a daughter or granddaughter of a monarch. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/principal__Noun__1
written_rep: principal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[основно́й]] долг | [[основной|основна́я]] [[су́мма]]
sense_list:
(finance, uncountable) The money originally invested or loaned, on which basis interest and returns are calculated.


lexentry: eng/principal__Noun__1
written_rep: principal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: дире́ктор | директри́са | ре́ктор
sense_list:
(North America, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines) The chief administrator of a school. | (architecture, engineering) The construction that gives shape and strength to a roof, generally a truss of timber or iron; or, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing.


lexentry: eng/principal__Noun__1
written_rep: principal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: довери́тель | принципа́л
sense_list:
(law) A legal person that authorizes another (the agent) to act on their behalf; or on whose behalf an agent or gestor in a negotiorum gestio acts.


lexentry: eng/principal_part__Noun__1
written_rep: principal part
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: те́ма
sense_list:
Any of the forms of a word which contain its stem(s) in the simplest form, or such a form that, when taken with all the other principal parts (showing various inflections), allows the entire paradigm to be derived.


lexentry: eng/principal_photography__Noun__1
written_rep: principal photography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: съёмочный период
sense_list:
(cinematography) The phase of film production during which the film is actually shot, as distinct from pre-production and post-production.


lexentry: eng/principality__Noun__1
written_rep: principality
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: нача́ла
sense_list:
(theology, countable) A spiritual being, specifically in Christian angelology, the third lowest level of angels, ranked above archangels and below powers. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/principate__Noun__1
written_rep: principate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: принципат
sense_list:
(Ancient Rome) The early period of the Roman Empire, during which some characteristics of the government of the Roman Republic were retained; the reign of any particular emperor during said period.


lexentry: eng/principle_of_relativity__Noun__1
written_rep: principle of relativity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: при́нцип относи́тельности
sense_list:
(relativity) The principle that only the motion of objects relative to one another can be measured, and that there is no absolute frame of reference.


lexentry: eng/print__Noun__1
written_rep: print
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: печа́ть
sense_list:
(uncountable) Books and other material created by printing presses, considered collectively or as a medium.


lexentry: eng/print__Verb__1
written_rep: print
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: [[писа́ть]] [[печатный|печа́тными]] [[буква|бу́квами]]
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To write very clearly, especially, to write without connecting the letters as in cursive.


lexentry: eng/printed_circuit_board__Noun__1
written_rep: printed circuit board
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: печа́тная пла́та
sense_list:
(electronics) A flat board that holds chips and other electronic components in layers that interconnect by means of copper pathways, often called traces.


lexentry: eng/printed_matter__Noun__1
written_rep: printed matter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: печатная продукция | печатное издание
sense_list:
Printed material produced by printers and publishers, including books, magazines, brochures, booklets, publicity material and newspapers, especially in relation to less expensive postage rates for such material.


lexentry: eng/printer__Noun__1
written_rep: printer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: печа́тник | печа́тница | типо́граф
sense_list:
(printing) The operator of a printing press or the owner of a printing business; (metonymy) any printing business.


lexentry: eng/printer__Noun__1
written_rep: printer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: при́нтер | принтер
sense_list:
(computer hardware) A device, usually attached to a computer, used to print text or images onto paper; an analogous device capable of producing three-dimensional objects.


lexentry: eng/printing__Noun__1
written_rep: printing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: печа́тание | печа́ть
sense_list:
(uncountable) The process or business of producing printed material by means of inked type and a printing press or similar technology.


lexentry: eng/prion__Noun__1
written_rep: prion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прио́н
sense_list:
(molecular biology) A self-propagating misfolded conformer of a protein that is responsible for a number of diseases that affect the brain and other neural tissue.


lexentry: eng/prior__Adjective__1
written_rep: prior
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: априо́рный
sense_list:
(Bayesian, _, statistics) Chiefly in prior probability: of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it, before additional data is collected.


lexentry: eng/prior__Noun__1
written_rep: prior
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: априорное распределение вероятностей
sense_list:
(Bayesian, _, statistics) A prior probability distribution, that is, one determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it, before additional data is collected. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/prior_knowledge__Noun__1
written_rep: prior knowledge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сознание
sense_list:
(criminal law) Knowledge of a set of circumstances sufficient to make actions based on those circumstances wrongful.


lexentry: eng/prioritize__Verb__1
written_rep: prioritize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: приоритизи́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive) To arrange or list a group of things in order of priority or importance. | (transitive) To rank something as having high priority.


lexentry: eng/prism__Noun__1
written_rep: prism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: при́зма | призма
sense_list:
(geometry) A polyhedron with parallel ends of the same polygonal shape and size, the other faces being parallelogram-shaped sides. | (optics) A transparent block in the shape of a prism (sense 1), typically with triangular ends, used to reflect or refract light.


lexentry: eng/prison__Noun__1
written_rep: prison
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тюрьма́ | зо́на | казема́т | катала́жка | куту́зка | остро́г
sense_list:
A place or institution where people are held against their will, in the US especially for long-term confinement, as of those convicted of serious crimes or otherwise considered undesirable by the government.


lexentry: eng/prison_guard__Noun__1
written_rep: prison guard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тюре́мный охра́нник | тюре́мщик
sense_list:
(law enforcement) An armed person working to provide order, security, discipline, punishment, and prevent escapes of prisoners in a jail that answers to a warden.


lexentry: eng/prisoner_of_war__Noun__1
written_rep: prisoner of war
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: военнопле́нный | пле́нный
sense_list:
A combatant or soldier who is captured by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/privacy__Noun__1
written_rep: privacy
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: (uncountable) The state of being secluded from the presence, sight, or knowledge of others.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
[[личный|ли́чное]] [[простра́нство]] | [[неприкоснове́нность]] [[частный|ча́стной]] [[жизнь|жи́зни]] | конфиденциа́льность | пра́йвеси | прива́тность | секре́тность


lexentry: eng/privacy_policy__Noun__1
written_rep: privacy policy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: политика конфиденциальности
sense_list:
(legal) A statement detailing policies that an organization or party uses to collect or hide information about an end user or customer of the organization, particularly where it concerns private information.


lexentry: eng/private_car__Noun__1
written_rep: private car
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: личное авто
sense_list:
A car that is for personal use and owned privately, as opposed to a company car or official car etc.


lexentry: eng/private_detective__Noun__1
written_rep: private detective
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ча́стный детекти́в | ча́стный сы́щик
sense_list:
Person who is not a government official who is hired to provide information about a person or group that is not widely available


lexentry: eng/private_first_class__Noun__1
written_rep: private first class
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ефре́йтор
sense_list:
(US) An enlisted rank in the United States Army, of rank E-3, ranking above a private and below a corporal or specialist.


lexentry: eng/private_international_law__Noun__1
written_rep: private international law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: междунаро́дное ча́стное пра́во
sense_list:
The law of a state that decides the law of which state is applied to legal relationships in civil and commercial matters that contain foreign elements.


lexentry: eng/private_life__Noun__1
written_rep: private life
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ли́чная жизнь | ча́стная жизнь
sense_list:
The aspects of one's life that are personal, such as family, friends and other personal relationships, as opposed to the elements that make up one's public or professional life.


lexentry: eng/private_message__Noun__1
written_rep: private message
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ЛС | ли́чное сообще́ние
sense_list:
(Internet) A message sent to another user of a social media or chat platform through a private channel as opposed to a publicly accessible area or chatroom.


lexentry: eng/private_parts__Noun__1
written_rep: private parts
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: инти́мные ча́сти те́ла | срамны́е места́
sense_list:
(euphemistic) Those parts of the human body commonly expected to be covered by clothing when in public; especially, the pubic area.


lexentry: eng/private_property__Noun__1
written_rep: private property
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ча́стная со́бственность
sense_list:
(law, property law) Property to which individuals or corporations have certain exclusive property rights, but do not necessarily possess.


lexentry: eng/private_sector__Noun__1
written_rep: private sector
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ча́стный се́ктор
sense_list:
(business) All organizations in an economy or jurisdiction that are not controlled by government, including privately owned businesses and not-for-profit organizations.


lexentry: eng/privateer__Noun__1
written_rep: privateer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ка́пер | корса́р | привати́р
sense_list:
(historical) A privately owned warship that acted under a letter of marque to attack enemy merchant ships and take possession of their cargo. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/privation__Noun__1
written_rep: privation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дефект
sense_list:
(philosophy) The state of being deprived of or lacking an attribute formerly or properly possessed; the loss or absence of such an attribute.


lexentry: eng/privilege__Noun__1
written_rep: privilege
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: право
sense_list:
(computing) An ability to perform an action on the system that can be selectively granted or denied to users.


lexentry: eng/prize__Noun__1
written_rep: prize
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: добы́ча | трофе́й
sense_list:
That which is taken from another; something captured; a thing seized by force, stratagem, or superior power.


lexentry: eng/prize__Noun__1
written_rep: prize
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: трофе́й
sense_list:
(military, nautical) Anything captured by a belligerent using the rights of war; especially, property captured at sea in virtue of the rights of war, as a vessel.


lexentry: eng/prize__Noun__1
written_rep: prize
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: приз | награ́да | пре́мия
sense_list:
An honour or reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything offered to be competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort.


lexentry: eng/pro-choice__Adjective__1
written_rep: pro-choice
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: прочойс
sense_list:
Supportive in general of a person's right to choose; supportive of self-determination, bodily integrity, and individual sovereignty.


lexentry: eng/pro_forma__Adjective__1
written_rep: pro forma
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: для проформы
sense_list:
Occurring, undertaken, or performed as a perfunctory matter, in the interest of form, or for the sake of formality.


lexentry: eng/probability__Noun__1
written_rep: probability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: вероя́тность
sense_list:
An event that is likely to occur. | The relative likelihood of an event happening. | (mathematics) A number, between 0 and 1, expressing the precise likelihood of an event happening.


lexentry: eng/probability_distribution__Noun__1
written_rep: probability distribution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: распреде́ление вероя́тностей
sense_list:
(statistics) A distribution of all possible values of a random variable together with an indication of their probabilities.


lexentry: eng/probability_theory__Noun__1
written_rep: probability theory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тео́рия вероя́тности
sense_list:
(mathematics) The mathematical study of probability (the likelihood of occurrence of random events in order to predict the behavior of defined systems).


lexentry: eng/probable_cause__Noun__1
written_rep: probable cause
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: доста́точное основа́ние
sense_list:
(US, law, uncountable) Reasonable grounds for making an arrest or conducting a personal or property search.


lexentry: eng/probation__Noun__1
written_rep: probation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: испыта́тельный срок
sense_list:
A period of time when a person occupies a position only conditionally and may be removed if certain conditions are not met.


lexentry: eng/probation_officer__Noun__1
written_rep: probation officer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сотрудник по условно-досрочному освобождению
sense_list:
A law enforcement officer who supervises offenders who have been released from incarceration and, often, recommends sentencing in courts of law.


lexentry: eng/probative__Adjective__1
written_rep: probative
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: доказа́тельный
sense_list:
(legal) Tending to prove a particular proposition or to persuade someone of the truth of an allegation.


lexentry: eng/probe__Noun__1
written_rep: probe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зонд | щуп
sense_list:
(surgery) Any of various medical instruments used to explore wounds, organs, etc. [from 15th c.] | (sciences) A small device, especially an electrode, used to explore, investigate or measure something by penetrating or being placed in it. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/probe__Noun__1
written_rep: probe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: зонд | АМС | автомати́ческая межплане́тная ста́нция
sense_list:
(aeronautics) A tube attached to an aircraft which can be fitted into the drogue from a tanker aircraft to allow for aerial refuelling. [from 20th c.] | (astronautics) A small, usually uncrewed, spacecraft used to acquire information or measurements about its surroundings. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/problem__Noun__1
written_rep: problem
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пробле́ма | проблема
sense_list:
A difficulty that has to be resolved or dealt with. | Difficulty in accepting or understanding or refusal to accept or understand.


lexentry: eng/problem_child__Noun__1
written_rep: problem child
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тру́дный ребёнок
sense_list:
(euphemistic) A child who is particularly difficult to raise or educate, especially due to a lack of self-control and disruptive and antisocial behavior.


lexentry: eng/problematic__Adjective__1
written_rep: problematic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: проблемати́чный
sense_list:
Not settled, uncertain, of uncertain outcome; debatable, questionable, open to doubt. | Posing a problem; having or suffering from problem(s):


lexentry: eng/procedural_law__Noun__1
written_rep: procedural law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: процессуа́льное пра́во
sense_list:
(legal) The law that comprises the rule by which a court hears and determines what happens in civil or criminal proceedings.


lexentry: eng/procedure__Noun__1
written_rep: procedure
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: проце́сс | процеду́ра
sense_list:
A series of small tasks or steps taken to accomplish an end. | (uncountable) The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks. | The steps taken in an action or other legal proceeding.


lexentry: eng/proceeding__Noun__1
written_rep: proceeding
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: акт
sense_list:
(always in plural) A published collection of papers presented at an academic conference, or representing the acts of a learned society.


lexentry: eng/process__Noun__1
written_rep: process
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: процесс
sense_list:
(biology) Successive physiological responses to keep or restore health. | (computing) An executable task or program.


lexentry: eng/process_worker__Noun__1
written_rep: process worker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: производственны́й рабо́чий
sense_list:
An unskilled or semiskilled worker who is responsible for running processing machinery in a factory.


lexentry: eng/processed_cheese__Noun__1
written_rep: processed cheese
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пла́вленый сыр
sense_list:
Any of several types of natural cheese that are pasteurized to lengthen storage life and combined with emulsifiers to aid smoothness. In some cases, processed cheeses contain added colorings and preservatives.


lexentry: eng/processing__Noun__1
written_rep: processing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обрабо́тка
sense_list:
The action of the verb to process. | The act of taking something through a set of prescribed procedures.


lexentry: eng/procession__Noun__1
written_rep: procession
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: проце́ссия | верени́ца | ше́ствие
sense_list:
A group of people or things moving along in an orderly, stately, or solemn manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a retinue.


lexentry: eng/proclaim__Verb__1
written_rep: proclaim
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: объяви́ть | объявля́ть | провозгласи́ть | провозглаша́ть
sense_list:
To announce or declare. | (dated, or, historical) To make (something) the subject of an official proclamation bringing it within the scope of emergency powers.


lexentry: eng/proclivity__Noun__1
written_rep: proclivity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: скло́нность
sense_list:
A predisposition or natural inclination, propensity, or a predilection; especially, a strong disposition or bent.


lexentry: eng/procrustean_bed__Noun__1
written_rep: procrustean bed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прокрустово ло́же
sense_list:
An arbitrary standard, especially one that is forced upon people for the sake of conformity and involves the sacrifice of what is useful.


lexentry: eng/proctology__Noun__1
written_rep: proctology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колопроктология | проктоло́гия
sense_list:
The branch of medicine dealing with the pathology of the colon, rectum, and anus. | (dated) The branch of medicine dealing with the surgery of the colon, rectum, and anus.


lexentry: eng/proctor__Noun__1
written_rep: proctor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: наблюда́тель
sense_list:
(North America, Philippines) A person who supervises students as they take an examination, in the United States at the college/university level; often the department secretary, or a fellow/graduate student; an invigilator.


lexentry: eng/prodigal_son__Noun__1
written_rep: prodigal son
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: блу́дный сын
sense_list:
Someone who returns home from travelling or exile or who is welcomed back after disgrace, especially having repented of former extravagant or immoral behavior.


lexentry: eng/prodrome__Noun__1
written_rep: prodrome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: продром
sense_list:
(medicine) An early sign or symptom (or set of signs and symptoms) warning of the onset of a disease.


lexentry: eng/producer__Noun__1
written_rep: producer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: продю́сер | производи́тель | производи́тельница
sense_list:
(UK, Irish, slang) An arrest for speeding after which the driver is allowed seven (in the UK) or ten (in Ireland) days to produce his/her driving licence and related documents at a police station.


lexentry: eng/producer_good__Noun__1
written_rep: producer good
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: полуфабрикат
sense_list:
(economics) An item of goods, such as partly finished goods, used as an input in the production of other goods.


lexentry: eng/producer_price_index__Noun__1
written_rep: producer price index
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: и́ндекс цен производи́телей
sense_list:
(economics) A price index that measures the average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output.


lexentry: eng/product__Noun__1
written_rep: product
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: продукция
sense_list:
Any tangible or intangible good or service that is a result of a process and that is intended for delivery to a customer or end user.


lexentry: eng/product__Noun__1
written_rep: product
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: произведе́ние | произведение
sense_list:
(mathematics) Any operation or a result thereof which generalises multiplication of numbers, like the multiplicative operation in a ring, product of types or a categorical product.


lexentry: eng/product_placement__Noun__1
written_rep: product placement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: про́дакт-пле́йсмент
sense_list:
(marketing) A form of advertising where a brand or product is incorporated into non-advertising media such as films.


lexentry: eng/production__Noun__1
written_rep: production
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: изде́лия | проду́кция
sense_list:
That which is manufactured or is ready for manufacturing in volume (as opposed to a prototype or conceptual model).


lexentry: eng/production_line__Noun__1
written_rep: production line
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пото́чная ли́ния
sense_list:
(manufacturing) A set of sequential operations established in a factory whereby materials are put through a refining process or components are assembled to make a finished article.


lexentry: eng/productivity__Noun__1
written_rep: productivity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: производи́тельность | производительность
sense_list:
The rate at which goods or services are produced by a standard population of workers; those workers' degree of efficiency.


lexentry: eng/productization__Noun__1
written_rep: productization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: продуктизация
sense_list:
(computing, business) The act of modifying something, such as a concept or a tool internal to an organization, to make it suitable as a commercial product.


lexentry: eng/profane__Adjective__1
written_rep: profane
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: богоху́льный
sense_list:
Treating sacred things with contempt, disrespect, irreverence, or scorn; blasphemous, impious. | Irreverent in language; taking the name of God in vain.


lexentry: eng/profanity__Noun__1
written_rep: profanity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: богоху́льство | профана́ция
sense_list:
(uncountable) The quality of being profane; quality of irreverence, of treating sacred things with contempt.


lexentry: eng/profess__Verb__1
written_rep: profess
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: преподава́ть | провозглашать
sense_list:
(transitive, chiefly, passive) To administer the vows of a religious order to (someone); to admit to a religious order. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/profess__Verb__1
written_rep: profess
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: провозглашать
sense_list:
(transitive) To make a claim (to be something); to lay claim to (a given quality, feeling etc.), often with connotations of insincerity. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/profession__Noun__1
written_rep: profession
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вероиспове́дание
sense_list:
The declaration of belief in the principles of a religion; hence, one's faith or religion. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/professional__Adjective__1
written_rep: professional
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: профессиона́льный
sense_list:
Of, pertaining to, or in accordance with the (usually high) standards of a profession. | That is carried out for money, especially as a livelihood. | (by extension) Expert.


lexentry: eng/professional_wrestling__Noun__1
written_rep: professional wrestling
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реслинг | рестлинг
sense_list:
A form of sports entertainment characterized by the performance of choreographed wrestling matches with predetermined outcomes.


lexentry: eng/professionalism__Noun__1
written_rep: professionalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: профессионали́зм
sense_list:
The status, methods, character or standards expected of a professional or of a professional organization, such as reliability, discretion, evenhandedness, and fair play. | The use of professionals rather than amateurs in any sport etc.


lexentry: eng/professor__Noun__1
written_rep: professor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: профе́ссор | профе́ссорша | профессор
sense_list:
(US, Philippines, informal) A teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank.


lexentry: eng/professorial__Adjective__1
written_rep: professorial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: профе́ссорский
sense_list:
Of, relating to, or characteristic of a professor or professors, or of a professorship or professorships.


lexentry: eng/profile__Noun__1
written_rep: profile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: про́филь
sense_list:
(countable) The outermost shape, view, or edge of an object. | (countable) A summary or collection of information, especially about a person | (figurative, uncountable) Reputation, prominence; noticeability. | (uncountable) The amount by which something protrudes.


lexentry: eng/profit__Noun__1
written_rep: profit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прибыль
sense_list:
(accounting, economics) Total income or cash flow minus expenditures. The money or other benefit a non-governmental organization or individual receives in exchange for products and services sold at an advertised price.


lexentry: eng/profiteering__Noun__1
written_rep: profiteering
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: спекуля́ция
sense_list:
The act of making an unreasonable profit not justified by the corresponding assumption of risk, or by doing so unethically or opportunistically.


lexentry: eng/profound__Adjective__1
written_rep: profound
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: глубо́кий
sense_list:
Descending far below the surface; opening or reaching to great depth; deep. | Characterized by intensity; deeply felt; pervading.


lexentry: eng/profound__Adjective__1
written_rep: profound
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: глубо́кий | му́дрый | основательный
sense_list:
Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough.


lexentry: eng/progeria__Noun__1
written_rep: progeria
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прогерия
sense_list:
(pathology) An extremely rare genetic condition wherein symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at an early age.


lexentry: eng/progesterone__Noun__1
written_rep: progesterone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прогестерон
sense_list:
(steroid hormone, uncountable) A steroid hormone, secreted by the ovaries, whose function is to prepare the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized ovum and to maintain pregnancy.


lexentry: eng/prognosis__Noun__1
written_rep: prognosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прогно́з
sense_list:
A forecast of the future course or outcome of a situation based on what is presently known; a prediction. [from mid 17th c.] | (medicine) A forecast of the future course or outcome of a disease or disorder based on current medical knowledge. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/program__Noun__1
written_rep: program
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: программа
sense_list:
(politics) A set of principal goals which someone, especially a political party or candidate, supports.


lexentry: eng/program__Verb__1
written_rep: program
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[писа́ть]] [[программа|програ́мму]] | программи́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive) To enter a program or other instructions into (a computer or other electronic device) to instruct it to do a particular task.


lexentry: eng/program_trading__Noun__1
written_rep: program trading
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: высокочасто́тная торго́вля
sense_list:
(business, computing, finance) High-volume and high-speed buying and selling of investment securities, such as stocks and bonds, which is initiated and executed by brokerage firms' computer programs that continually monitor market conditions.


lexentry: eng/programming_language__Noun__1
written_rep: programming language
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: язы́к программи́рования | язык программирования
sense_list:
(programming) A code of reserved words and symbols used in computer programs, which give instructions to the computer on how to accomplish certain computing tasks.


lexentry: eng/progress__Noun__1
written_rep: progress
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: продвиже́ние
sense_list:
Movement or advancement through a series of events, or points in time; development through time. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/progress_bar__Noun__1
written_rep: progress bar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: индика́тор выполне́ния | индика́тор проце́сса
sense_list:
(graphical user interface) A bar that indicates the progression of a task by gradually filling its empty space with solid colour.


lexentry: eng/progressive__Noun__2
written_rep: progressive
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прогресси́вный де́ятель | прогресси́вный челове́к | сторонник прогресса | член прогрессивной партии
sense_list:
A person who actively favors or strives for progress towards improved conditions, as in society or government.


lexentry: eng/progressive_rock__Noun__1
written_rep: progressive rock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прог-рок | прогрессивный рок
sense_list:
(music genre) A rock music genre originating from the late 1960s and early 1970s, heavily influenced by classical music and jazz.


lexentry: eng/project_management__Noun__1
written_rep: project management
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: управле́ние проектами
sense_list:
(operations) The discipline of organizing and managing resources (e.g. people) in such a way that a project is completed within defined scope, quality, time and cost constraints.


lexentry: eng/projection__Noun__1
written_rep: projection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вы́ступ | выступа́ющая часть
sense_list:
Something which projects, protrudes, juts out, sticks out, or stands out. | The action of projecting or throwing or propelling something.


lexentry: eng/projection__Noun__1
written_rep: projection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: прое́кция
sense_list:
The display of an image by devices such as movie projector, video projector, overhead projector or slide projector.


lexentry: eng/projection__Noun__1
written_rep: projection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: проекция
sense_list:
(psychology) A belief or assumption that others have similar thoughts and experiences to one's own, including making accusations that would more fittingly apply to the accuser. | (geometry) An image of an object on a surface of fewer dimensions. | (mathematics) A transformation which extracts a fragment of a mathematical object.


lexentry: eng/projective_geometry__Noun__1
written_rep: projective geometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: проекти́вная геоме́трия
sense_list:
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics that investigates those properties of figures that are invariant under homographies, special kinds of spaces called projective spaces, and the geometric structures that inhabit them.


lexentry: eng/projector__Noun__1
written_rep: projector
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: прое́ктор | проектор
sense_list:
An optical device that projects a beam of light, especially one used to project an image (or moving images) onto a screen. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/prokaryote__Noun__1
written_rep: prokaryote
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прокарио́та
sense_list:
An organism whose cell (or cells) are characterized by the absence of a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.


lexentry: eng/prolactin__Noun__1
written_rep: prolactin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пролакти́н | пролактин
sense_list:
(hormone) A peptide gonadotrophic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland; it stimulates growth of the mammary glands and lactation in females.


lexentry: eng/prolative_case__Noun__1
written_rep: prolative case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пролатив
sense_list:
(grammar) A declension, in some languages, of a noun or pronoun that has the basic meaning of "by way of".


lexentry: eng/prolegomenon__Noun__1
written_rep: prolegomenon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пролего́мен
sense_list:
A prefatory discussion; a formal essay or critical discussion serving to introduce and interpret an extended work.


lexentry: eng/proleptic__Adjective__1
written_rep: proleptic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: преждевре́менный
sense_list:
(of a calendar) Extrapolated to dates prior to its first adoption; of those used to adjust to or from the Julian calendar or Gregorian calendar.


lexentry: eng/proletariat__Noun__1
written_rep: proletariat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пролетариа́т | пролетариат
sense_list:
(often, derogatory, also, figuratively) The lowest class of society; also, the lower classes of society generally; the masses. | (Marxism) Wage earners collectively; people who own no capital and depend on their labour for survival; the working class, especially when seen as engaged in a class struggle with the bourgeoisie. | (chiefly, Ancient Rome, historical) The lowest class of citizens, who had no property and few rights, and were regarded as contributing only their offspring to the state.


lexentry: eng/proliferate__Verb__1
written_rep: proliferate
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: (ambitransitive) To increase in number or spread rapidly; to multiply.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
размно́житься | размножа́ться | распространи́ть | распространи́ться | распространя́ть | распространя́ться


lexentry: eng/proliferation__Noun__1
written_rep: proliferation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: размноже́ние | разраста́ние | распростране́ние
sense_list:
(uncountable) The process by which an organism produces others of its kind; breeding, propagation, procreation, reproduction.


lexentry: eng/proliferation__Noun__1
written_rep: proliferation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: пролифера́ция | рост | увеличе́ние
sense_list:
(countable) The act of increasing, rising, or proliferating; augmentation, amplification, enlargement, escalation, aggrandizement.


lexentry: eng/proliferation__Noun__1
written_rep: proliferation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: распростране́ние
sense_list:
(uncountable) In paticular, the spread (proliferating) of biochemical, nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction to countries not originally involved in developing them.


lexentry: eng/prolific__Adjective__1
written_rep: prolific
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оби́льный | плодови́тый | плодоно́сный | урожа́йный
sense_list:
Fertile; producing offspring or fruit in abundance, applied to plants producing fruit, animals producing young, etc.


lexentry: eng/proline__Noun__1
written_rep: proline
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пролин
sense_list:
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid C5H9NO2 found in most animal proteins, especially collagen; its cyclic structure leads to kinks in the peptide chain of proteins.


lexentry: eng/prolong__Verb__1
written_rep: prolong
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: продлева́ть | продли́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To extend in space or length. | (transitive) To lengthen in time; to extend the duration of


lexentry: eng/prom__Noun__1
written_rep: prom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: бал | выпускно́й ве́чер | пром
sense_list:
(US) A formal ball held at a high school or college on special occasions; e.g., near the end of the academic year.


lexentry: eng/promenade__Noun__1
written_rep: promenade
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: пешехо́дная у́лица | промена́д | эсплана́да
sense_list:
A place where one takes a walk for leisurely pleasure, or for exercise, especially a terrace by the seaside.


lexentry: eng/prominence__Noun__1
written_rep: prominence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: относительная высота́
sense_list:
(topography) Autonomous height; relative height or prime factor; a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains.


lexentry: eng/promise__Verb__1
written_rep: promise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обеща́ть | пообеща́ть | обещать
sense_list:
(ambitransitive, ditransitive) To commit to (some action or outcome), or to assure (a person) of such commitment; to make an oath or vow.


lexentry: eng/promissory_note__Noun__1
written_rep: promissory note
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ве́ксель | долгова́я распи́ска
sense_list:
(finance) A document saying that someone owes a specific amount of money to someone else, often with the deadline and interest fees; the primary purposes of a promissory note are to evidence the debt obligation incurred, and to establish terms for payment thereof.


lexentry: eng/promote__Verb__1
written_rep: promote
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: продви́нуть
sense_list:
(transitive) To advocate or urge on behalf of (something or someone); to attempt to popularize or sell by means of advertising or publicity.


lexentry: eng/promotional__Adjective__1
written_rep: promotional
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реклама
sense_list:
Of or relating to an advertising promotion; serving to promote a service, institution, business, etc.


lexentry: eng/prompt__Noun__1
written_rep: prompt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: подска́зка | приглаше́ние | промпт
sense_list:
(computing) A sequence of characters that is displayed to indicate that a computer is ready to receive input.


lexentry: eng/prompt__Verb__1
written_rep: prompt
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: суфли́ровать | подска́зывать
sense_list:
(transitive, theater, and, television) To show or tell (an actor/person) the words they should be saying, or actions they should be doing.


lexentry: eng/prompter's_box__Noun__1
written_rep: prompter's box
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: суфлёрская бу́дка
sense_list:
The raised box in the apron of a stage, opening towards the actors. The prompter sits inside with the prompter's book, ready to give cues for missed or forgotten lines.


lexentry: eng/prone__Adjective__1
written_rep: prone
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лежа́щий ничко́м | лицо́м вниз
sense_list:
Lying face-down. | Of the hand, forearm or foot: turned facing away from the body; with the thumb inward or big toe downward.


lexentry: eng/pronoia__Noun__1
written_rep: pronoia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: про́ния
sense_list:
(historical, Byzantine Empire) An imperial grant to an individual of temporary fiscal rights in the form of land, incomes or taxes from land, fishing rights, etc., sometimes carrying with it an obligation of military service.


lexentry: eng/pronominal_adverb__Noun__1
written_rep: pronominal adverb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: местоименное наречие
sense_list:
(grammar) An adverb which contains a pronominal element; generally such an adverb replaces a phrase of preposition + pronoun.


lexentry: eng/pronominal_verb__Noun__1
written_rep: pronominal verb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возвратный глагол
sense_list:
(linguistics, grammar) A form of verb that has an attached pronoun in some languages (e.g. French, Spanish).


lexentry: eng/pronoun__Noun__1
written_rep: pronoun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: местоимение | местоиме́ние
sense_list:
(grammar) A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.


lexentry: eng/pronounce__Verb__1
written_rep: pronounce
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: объяви́ть | объявля́ть | провозгла́шать | провозгласи́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To declare formally, officially or ceremoniously. | (transitive) To declare authoritatively, or as a formal expert opinion.


lexentry: eng/proof__Noun__1
written_rep: proof
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: доказа́тельство | пруф | доказательство
sense_list:
(countable) An effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.


lexentry: eng/proof__Noun__1
written_rep: proof
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: доказательство
sense_list:
(uncountable) The degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments which induce, or tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence; demonstration. | (countable, mathematics) A process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed. Compare prove, transitive verb, 5.


lexentry: eng/proof__Noun__1
written_rep: proof
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: корректу́ра
sense_list:
(countable, printing) A proof sheet; a trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or examination.


lexentry: eng/proof_by_contradiction__Noun__1
written_rep: proof by contradiction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: доказа́тельство от проти́вного
sense_list:
(mathematics, logic) The proof of a statement adduced by deriving a contradiction from the statement's negation.


lexentry: eng/proofread__Verb__1
written_rep: proofread
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: корректи́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive, and, intransitive) To check a written text for errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and punctuation.


lexentry: eng/prop__Noun__2
written_rep: prop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реквизит
sense_list:
(theater, film) An item placed on a stage or set to create a scene or scenario in which actors perform.


lexentry: eng/propaganda__Noun__1
written_rep: propaganda
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пропага́нда | агита́ция | пропаганда
sense_list:
(religion, historical) The propagation of the faith by the Catholic Church by means of missionary work etc.


lexentry: eng/propaganda_of_the_deed__Noun__1
written_rep: propaganda of the deed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пропага́нда де́лом | пропага́нда посту́пком
sense_list:
A politically motivated act of violence, meant to broadcast an ideological message and serve as catalyst to ignite a spirit of socialist revolution among the proletariat against perceived oppressors.


lexentry: eng/propagate__Verb__1
written_rep: propagate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: размно́жить | размно́житься | размножа́ть | размножа́ться | распространи́ть | распространя́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To spread from person to person; to extend the knowledge of; to originate and spread; to carry from place to place; to disseminate.


lexentry: eng/propagate__Verb__1
written_rep: propagate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: размно́житься | размножа́ться
sense_list:
(biology, intransitive) To produce young; to be produced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or plants.


lexentry: eng/propagation__Noun__1
written_rep: propagation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: распростране́ние
sense_list:
The dissemination of something to a larger area or greater number. | (physics) The act of propagating, especially the movement of a wave.


lexentry: eng/propel__Verb__1
written_rep: propel
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дви́гать | продвига́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To provide an impetus for motion or physical action; to cause to move in a certain direction; to drive or push forward.


lexentry: eng/propellant__Noun__1
written_rep: propellant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: топливо
sense_list:
fuel, oxidizer, reaction mass or mixture for one or more engines (especially internal combustion engines or jet engines) that is carried within a vehicle prior to use


lexentry: eng/propeller__Noun__1
written_rep: propeller
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: винт | возду́шный винт | пропе́ллер
sense_list:
A mechanical device with evenly-shaped blades that turn on a shaft to push against air or water, especially one used to propel an aircraft or boat.


lexentry: eng/proper__Adjective__1
written_rep: proper
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: со́бственный
sense_list:
(grammar) Used to designate a particular person, place, or thing. Proper nouns are usually written with an initial capital letter. [14th c.]


lexentry: eng/proper_noun__Noun__1
written_rep: proper noun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: и́мя со́бственное | о́ним | имя собственное
sense_list:
(grammar) A word or phrase that is a noun denoting a particular person, place, organization, ship, animal, event, or other individual entity.


lexentry: eng/property__Noun__1
written_rep: property
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: сво́йство
sense_list:
(computing) An editable or read-only parameter associated with an application, component or class; especially (OOP) one that encapsulates an underlying variable.


lexentry: eng/property_rights__Noun__1
written_rep: property rights
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пра́во собственности
sense_list:
(legal) The exclusive rights pertaining to the ownership and possession of a given piece of property.


lexentry: eng/propfan__Noun__1
written_rep: propfan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: турбовентиляторный дви́гатель
sense_list:
(aviation) A modified turbofan jet engine with the propeller outside the engine duct of an aircraft.


lexentry: eng/propiska__Noun__1
written_rep: propiska
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пропи́ска
sense_list:
a system of population control in the ex-USSR, (regional) residence permit, registration | (by extension) domicile, place where one lives (as stated in the stamp)


lexentry: eng/propitiation__Noun__1
written_rep: propitiation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: умилостивле́ние | умиротворе́ние
sense_list:
The act of propitiating; placation, atonement, similar to expiation but also involving the appeasement of anger.


lexentry: eng/propolis__Noun__1
written_rep: propolis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пропо́лис
sense_list:
An aromatic glue-like substance produced by honeybees from tree resin, waxes, and their own secretions, used in the construction of their hives.


lexentry: eng/proportional__Adjective__1
written_rep: proportional
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пропорциона́льный
sense_list:
(mathematics) At a constant ratio (to). Two magnitudes (numbers) are said to be proportional if the second varies in a direct relation arithmetically to the first. Symbol: ∝.


lexentry: eng/proportional_representation__Noun__1
written_rep: proportional representation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пропорциональная избирательная система
sense_list:
A voting principle aimed at securing a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (usually political parties) obtain in elections, and the percentage of seats they receive in the elected body.


lexentry: eng/proposal__Noun__1
written_rep: proposal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предложе́ние
sense_list:
(legal) The offer by a party of what they have in view as to an intended business transaction, which, with acceptance, constitutes a contract. | Something which is proposed, or offered for consideration or acceptance. | The act of asking someone to be one's spouse; an offer of marriage.


lexentry: eng/proposition__Noun__1
written_rep: proposition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: проект
sense_list:
(countable, US, politics) In some states, a proposed statute or constitutional amendment to be voted on by the electorate.


lexentry: eng/proposition__Noun__1
written_rep: proposition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: заявле́ние
sense_list:
(countable, mathematics, philosophy) An assertion so formulated that it can be considered true or false.


lexentry: eng/proposition__Noun__1
written_rep: proposition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: утвержде́ние
sense_list:
(countable, mathematics) An assertion which is provably true, but not important enough to be called a theorem.


lexentry: eng/proppant__Noun__1
written_rep: proppant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[раскли́нивающий]] [[наполни́тель]] | проппа́нт
sense_list:
Sand or similar particulate material suspended in water or other fluid and used in hydraulic fracturing (fracking) to keep fissures open.


lexentry: eng/proprietary__Adjective__1
written_rep: proprietary
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: проприета́рный
sense_list:
Created or manufactured exclusively by the owner or licensee of intellectual property rights, as with a patent or trade secret.


lexentry: eng/propriety__Noun__1
written_rep: propriety
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: благопристо́йность | присто́йность
sense_list:
(often, in the plural) Correctness in behaviour and morals; good manners, seemliness. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/propulsion__Noun__1
written_rep: propulsion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дви́жущая си́ла | пропу́льсия
sense_list:
The process of propelling, driving, or pushing, typically forward or onward; a propulsive force or impulse.


lexentry: eng/propyl__Noun__1
written_rep: propyl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пропи́л
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Either of two isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, C3H7, formally derived from propane by the loss of a hydrogen atom. [from 1850]


lexentry: eng/prorector__Noun__1
written_rep: prorector
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: проре́ктор
sense_list:
An officer who presides over the academic senate of a university in certain countries, especially Germany.


lexentry: eng/prorogue__Verb__1
written_rep: prorogue
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: откладывать
sense_list:
(transitive) To suspend (a parliamentary session) or to discontinue the meetings of (an assembly, parliament etc.) without formally ending the session. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/prosaic__Adjective__1
written_rep: prosaic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прозаический
sense_list:
Pertaining to or having the characteristics of prose. | (main usage, usually of writing or speaking but also figurative) Overly plain, simple or commonplace, to the point of being boring.


lexentry: eng/proscenium__Noun__1
written_rep: proscenium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: проске́ниум
sense_list:
(in an ancient, _, theater) The stage area immediately in front of the scene building. | (in an ancient, _, theater) The row of columns at the front of the scene building, at first directly behind the circular orchestra but later upon a stage.


lexentry: eng/prosecution__Noun__1
written_rep: prosecution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: обвине́ние | прокурату́ра | сторона́ обвине́ния
sense_list:
(legal) In many countries, a legal body and institution, usually part of the state apparatus, empowered to perform prosecution. Prosecutor's Office. See Prosecutor.


lexentry: eng/prosecutor__Noun__1
written_rep: prosecutor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: обвини́тель | обвини́тельница | прокуро́р
sense_list:
(law) A person, as a complainant, victim, or chief witness, who institutes prosecution in a criminal proceeding.


lexentry: eng/proselytize__Verb__1
written_rep: proselytize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обраща́ть
sense_list:
(ambitransitive, broadly) To advertise one’s religious beliefs; to convert (someone) to one’s own faith or religious movement or encourage them to do so.


lexentry: eng/proselytize__Verb__1
written_rep: proselytize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: завлека́ть
sense_list:
(by extension, ambitransitive) To advertise a non-religious belief, way of living, cause, point of view, (scientific) hypothesis, social or other position, political party, or other organization; to convince someone to join such a cause or organization or support such a position; to recruit someone.


lexentry: eng/prosenchyma__Noun__1
written_rep: prosenchyma
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прозенхи́ма
sense_list:
(botany) The tissues formed of elongated cells, especially those with pointed or oblique extremities, such as the principal cells of ordinary wood.


lexentry: eng/prosimian__Noun__1
written_rep: prosimian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: полуобезья́на
sense_list:
A primate that is not a monkey or an ape, generally nocturnal with large eyes and ears. Such primates were formerly grouped in the suborder Prosimii, but are now considered a paraphyletic group and not a clade.


lexentry: eng/prosody__Noun__1
written_rep: prosody
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: просо́дия
sense_list:
(linguistics) The study of rhythm, intonation, stress, and related attributes in speech. | (poetry) The study of poetic meter; the patterns of sounds and rhythms in verse.


lexentry: eng/prosopagnosia__Noun__1
written_rep: prosopagnosia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прозопагнозия
sense_list:
(neurology, pathology, psychology) A form of visual agnosia characterized by difficulty with face recognition despite intact low-level visual processing.


lexentry: eng/prosopopoeia__Noun__1
written_rep: prosopopoeia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: олицетворе́ние, воплоще́ние
sense_list:
(rhetoric) An act of personifying a person or object when communicating to an audience; a figure of speech involving this.


lexentry: eng/prospect__Noun__1
written_rep: prospect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вид
sense_list:
The region which the eye overlooks at one time; view; scene; outlook. | A picturesque or panoramic view; a landscape; hence, a sketch of a landscape.


lexentry: eng/prospectus__Noun__1
written_rep: prospectus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: проспект
sense_list:
A document, distributed to prospective members, investors, buyers, or participants, which describes an institution (such as a university), a publication, or a business and what it has to offer.


lexentry: eng/prosper__Verb__1
written_rep: prosper
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: благоде́нствовать | преуспева́ть | процвета́ть
sense_list:
(intransitive) To be successful; to succeed; to be fortunate or prosperous; to thrive; to make gain.


lexentry: eng/prosphora__Noun__1
written_rep: prosphora
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: просвира́ | просфора́
sense_list:
a holy bread; a small loaf of leavened bread, used for communion in Orthodox Church. Usually consists of two layers, symbolizing the dual nature of Christ.


lexentry: eng/prostaglandin__Noun__1
written_rep: prostaglandin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: простагланди́н
sense_list:
(biochemistry) Any of a group of naturally occurring lipids derived from the C20 acid prostanoic acid; they have a number of physiological functions and may be considered to be hormones.


lexentry: eng/prostate_gland__Noun__1
written_rep: prostate gland
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: предста́тельная железа́
sense_list:
(anatomy) A gland in male mammals surrounding the urethra just below the urinary bladder that controls the release of urine from the bladder and produces a secretion that is the fluid part of semen.


lexentry: eng/prostitute__Noun__1
written_rep: prostitute
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: проститу́тка | блядь | ку́рва | шлю́ха
sense_list:
A person who does, or offers to do, a demeaning or dishonourable activity for money or personal gain; someone who acts in a dishonourable way for personal advantage. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/prostitute__Verb__1
written_rep: prostitute
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[занима́ться]] [[проституция|проститу́цией]]
sense_list:
(transitive, reflexive) To offer (oneself or someone else) for sexual activity in exchange for money. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/prostitution__Noun__1
written_rep: prostitution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: проститу́ция | проституция
sense_list:
Engaging in sexual activity with another person for pay. | (by extension) Debasement for profit or impure motives.


lexentry: eng/protagonist__Noun__1
written_rep: protagonist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[гла́вный]] [[геро́й]] | [[главный|гла́вная]] [[герои́ня]] | протагони́ст | протагони́стка
sense_list:
(authorship) The main character, or one of the main characters, in any story, such as a literary work or drama.


lexentry: eng/protection__Noun__1
written_rep: protection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: контрацепти́в
sense_list:
(economics) Restrictions on foreign competitors which limit their ability to compete with domestic producers of goods or services.


lexentry: eng/protection_money__Noun__1
written_rep: protection money
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
Money paid, especially at regular intervals, to criminals or to corrupt officials who threaten to cause harm to the payer or to his or her business if the money is not paid.

trans_list:
[[пла́та]] за [[защита|защи́ту]] | [[пла́та]] за [[крыша|кры́шу]] | [[пла́та]] за [[покрови́тельство]]


lexentry: eng/protection_racket__Noun__1
written_rep: protection racket
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: крышева́ние
sense_list:
(crime) A criminal scheme in which victims are required to pay in order to avoid violence or destruction of property.


lexentry: eng/protectionism__Noun__1
written_rep: protectionism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: протекциони́зм | протекционизм
sense_list:
(politics, economics) A system or policy of protecting the domestic producers of a product from foreign competition by imposing tariffs, quotas, duties or other barriers on importations.


lexentry: eng/protectionist__Noun__1
written_rep: protectionist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: протекциони́ст | протекциони́стка
sense_list:
Someone who believes in protecting domestic producers by impeding or limiting the importation of foreign goods and services via actions taken by government.


lexentry: eng/protector__Noun__1
written_rep: protector
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: проте́ктор
sense_list:
A state or other subject under international law, exercising a protectorate over another subject in international law.


lexentry: eng/protectorate__Noun__1
written_rep: protectorate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: протектора́т | протекторат
sense_list:
(UK, historical) Government by a protector; especially, The Protectorate: government of England, Scotland, and Ireland between 1653 and 1659 under the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell, later his son Richard Cromwell. | The authority assumed by a state over another state deemed inferior or dependent, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and shares in the management of its affairs but the protected state retains its nominal sovereignty.


lexentry: eng/protein__Noun__1
written_rep: protein
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бело́к | протеи́н | белок
sense_list:
(biochemistry, countable) Any of numerous large, complex naturally-produced molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids, in which the amino acid groups are held together by peptide bonds. | (nutrition, uncountable) One of three major classes of food or source of food energy (4 kcal/gram) abundant in animal-derived foods (meat) and some vegetables, such as legumes.


lexentry: eng/proteome__Noun__1
written_rep: proteome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: протеом
sense_list:
(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of proteins encoded by a particular genome. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/proteomics__Noun__1
written_rep: proteomics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: протео́мика
sense_list:
(biochemistry) The branch of molecular biology that studies the set of proteins expressed by the genome of an organism.


lexentry: eng/prothesis__Noun__1
written_rep: prothesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: проте́за
sense_list:
(phonology) The prepending of phonemes at the beginning of a word without changing its morphological structure, as in Spanish esfera from Greek (via Latin) (without prothesis the word would have become *sfera).


lexentry: eng/prothonotary_warbler__Noun__1
written_rep: prothonotary warbler
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лимо́нный певу́н | протонота́риус
sense_list:
A small North American bird, Protonotaria citrea, having a yellow body and blue wings; it breeds in swampland.


lexentry: eng/protist__Noun__1
written_rep: protist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: проти́ст
sense_list:
(microbiology) Any of the eukaryotic, usually unicellular organisms—including protozoans, slime molds and some algae—historically grouped into the kingdom Protista (or Protoctista), now distributed over several clades; any eukaryote that is not a plant, animal or fungus.


lexentry: eng/protium__Noun__1
written_rep: protium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: про́тий
sense_list:
(isotope) The lightest and most common isotope of hydrogen, having a single proton and no neutrons: 11H. It is the only stable nuclide with no neutrons.


lexentry: eng/proto-__Prefix__1
written_rep: proto-
part_of_speech: prefix
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: пра-
sense_list:
(inorganic chemistry) A minimal proportion of a particular substance when in a combination. See protosalt.


lexentry: eng/proto-language__Noun__1
written_rep: proto-language
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: праязы́к | праязык
sense_list:
(linguistics) A language which is reconstructed by examining similarities in existing languages in order to deduce the form and aspects of a common ancestor language that is no longer known.


lexentry: eng/protocol__Noun__1
written_rep: protocol
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: протоко́л | протокол
sense_list:
(international law, now, _, rare) An official record of a diplomatic meeting or negotiation; later specifically, a draft document setting out agreements to be signed into force by a subsequent formal treaty. [from 17th c.] | The official rules and guidelines for heads of state and other dignitaries, governing accepted behaviour in relations with other diplomatic representatives or over affairs of state. [from 19th c.] | (computing) A set of formal rules describing how to transmit or exchange data, especially across a network. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/protologism__Noun__1
written_rep: protologism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: протологи́зм
sense_list:
(neologism) A newly coined word or phrase defined in the hope that it will become common; a recently created term possibly in narrow use but not yet acknowledged.


lexentry: eng/protologue__Noun__1
written_rep: protologue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: протоло́г
sense_list:
(botany, mycology) All the original material associated with a newly published name, comprising its description or diagnosis and any of a number of other elements such as illustrations, synonymy, etc.


lexentry: eng/proton__Noun__1
written_rep: proton
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прото́н | протон
sense_list:
(particle) A positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark. [from 1920]


lexentry: eng/protoplanet__Noun__1
written_rep: protoplanet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: протоплане́та
sense_list:
An astronomical object, approximately the size of the Moon, formed from the mutual gravitational attraction of planetesimals; they are thought to collide with each other and slowly form planets


lexentry: eng/protoplasm__Noun__1
written_rep: protoplasm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: протопла́зма
sense_list:
(cytology) The entire contents of a cell comprising the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is a semi-fluid, transparent substance which is the living matter of plant and animal cells.


lexentry: eng/prototype__Noun__1
written_rep: prototype
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: моде́ль | проо́браз | прототи́п
sense_list:
An original form or object which is a basis for other forms or objects (particularly manufactured items), or for its generalizations and models. [from late 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/prototype_pattern__Noun__1
written_rep: prototype pattern
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прототип
sense_list:
(programming) A creational design pattern that determines the type of objects to create by a prototypical instance, which is cloned to produce new objects.


lexentry: eng/protozoan__Noun__1
written_rep: protozoan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[простейший|просте́йшее]] [[живо́тное]]
sense_list:
(cytology) Any of the diverse group of eukaryotes, of the phylum Protozoa, that are primarily unicellular, existing singly or aggregating into colonies, are usually nonphotosynthetic, and are often classified further into phyla according to their capacity for and means of motility, as by pseudopods, flagella, or cilia.


lexentry: eng/protégé__Noun__1
written_rep: protégé
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: протеже́
sense_list:
A person who is guided and supported by an older and more experienced person (a protector or mentor).


lexentry: eng/proud__Adjective__1
written_rep: proud
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: го́рдый | гордый
sense_list:
Feeling honoured (by something); feeling happy or satisfied about an event or fact; gratified. | Possessed of a due sense of what one deserves or is worth.


lexentry: eng/prove__Verb__1
written_rep: prove
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дока́зывать | доказа́ть | ока́зываться | оказа́ться
sense_list:
(transitive) To demonstrate that something is true or viable; to give proof for; to bear out; to testify.


lexentry: eng/provenance__Noun__1
written_rep: provenance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: происхожде́ние
sense_list:
Place or source of origin. | (archaeology) The place and time of origin of some artifact or other object. See Usage notes below.


lexentry: eng/proverb__Noun__1
written_rep: proverb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: посло́вица | погово́рка | при́сказка
sense_list:
(obsolete) Any commonly used turn of phrase expressing a metaphor, simile, or descriptive epithet. [before 18th c.] | (obsolete) A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma; a parable. | (obsolete) A drama exemplifying a proverb.


lexentry: eng/proverbial__Adjective__1
written_rep: proverbial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: посло́вичный | провербиа́льный
sense_list:
Of, resembling, or expressed as a proverb, cliché, fable, or fairy tale. | Optionally placed before an element of a well-known proverb or metaphor to emphasize that the element is not being used in a literal sense (see Usage notes below)


lexentry: eng/providence__Noun__1
written_rep: providence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: провиде́ние
sense_list:
The careful governance and guidance of God (or another deity, nature, etc.). [from 14th c.] | A manifestation of divine care or direction; an instance of divine intervention. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/provincial__Adjective__1
written_rep: provincial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: провинциа́льный
sense_list:
Exhibiting the ways or manners of a province; characteristic of the inhabitants of a province. | Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical.


lexentry: eng/provisional__Adjective__1
written_rep: provisional
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вре́менный | предварительный
sense_list:
Temporary, but with the intention of eventually becoming permanent or being replaced by a permanent equivalent.


lexentry: eng/provitamin__Noun__1
written_rep: provitamin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: провитамин
sense_list:
(biochemistry) Any biologically inactive compound that may be converted into a vitamin within an animal organism


lexentry: eng/provost__Noun__1
written_rep: provost
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пробст
sense_list:
(religion) The minister of the chief Protestant church of a town or region in Germany, the Low Countries, and Scandinavia. | A mayor: the chief magistrate of a town, particularly (Scotland) the head of a burgh or (historical) the former chiefs of various towns in France, Flanders, or (by extension) other Continental European countries. | (US, higher education) A senior deputy administrator; a vice-president of academic affairs. | (religion, historical) A prior: an abbot's second-in-command.


lexentry: eng/prowess__Noun__1
written_rep: prowess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мастерство́ | уме́ние
sense_list:
(uncountable) Skillfulness or extraordinary ability in a particular area of expertise; dexterity, mastery, or proficiency.


lexentry: eng/prowl__Verb__1
written_rep: prowl
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ры́скать | шныря́ть
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To rove over, through, or about in a stealthy manner; especially, to search in, as for prey or booty.


lexentry: eng/proxy__Noun__1
written_rep: proxy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: про́кси | про́кси-се́рвер
sense_list:
(software) An interface for a service, especially for one that is remote, resource-intensive, or otherwise difficult to use directly.


lexentry: eng/proxy_pattern__Noun__1
written_rep: proxy pattern
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: заместитель
sense_list:
(software, design) A structural design pattern that is implemented as a class functioning as an interface for a network connection, a large object in memory, a file, or some other resource that is expensive or impossible to duplicate.


lexentry: eng/proxy_server__Noun__1
written_rep: proxy server
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: про́кси-се́рвер | се́рвер-посре́дник
sense_list:
(computing) A hardware server that acts as an intermediary between a user and another server, usually on the Internet.


lexentry: eng/proxy_war__Noun__1
written_rep: proxy war
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прокси-война | опосре́дованная война́
sense_list:
A war where two powers use third parties as a supplement to, or a substitute for, fighting each other directly.


lexentry: eng/prude__Noun__1
written_rep: prude
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: свято́ша
sense_list:
A person who is or tries to be excessively proper, especially one who is easily offended by matters of a sexual nature.


lexentry: eng/prudence__Noun__1
written_rep: prudence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
(uncountable) The quality or state of being prudent: circumspection and good judgment in knowing how best to act; (countable, archaic) an instance of this.

trans_list:
осмотрительность | благоразумность | дальновидность | осторо́жность | предусмотри́тельность | расчётливость


lexentry: eng/prune__Verb__2
written_rep: prune
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прореживать
sense_list:
(transitive, horticulture) To remove excess material from a tree or shrub; to trim, especially to make more healthy or productive.


lexentry: eng/pruning_shears__Noun__1
written_rep: pruning shears
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сека́тор
sense_list:
(plurale tantum) A tool consisting of two blades with bevel edges, connected by a pivot, used for gardening.


lexentry: eng/psalm__Noun__1
written_rep: psalm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: псало́м | псалом
sense_list:
(religion, music) A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God. | One of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship.


lexentry: eng/psaltery__Noun__1
written_rep: psaltery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: псалтерион
sense_list:
(musical instrument) A zither-like musical instrument consisting of a soundboard with multiple strings, played by plucking the strings with the fingers or a plectrum.


lexentry: eng/pseudo-anglicism__Noun__1
written_rep: pseudo-anglicism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: псевдоанглици́зм
sense_list:
(linguistics) A word in a language other than English that has an English appearance but does not exist in English itself.


lexentry: eng/pseudocode__Noun__1
written_rep: pseudocode
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: псевдоко́д
sense_list:
A description of a computer programming algorithm that uses the structural conventions of programming languages but omits detailed subroutines or language-specific syntax.


lexentry: eng/pseudoephedrine__Noun__1
written_rep: pseudoephedrine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: псевдоэфедри́н
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) A sympathomimetic alkaloid commonly used as a decongestant; a chemical compound, an isomer of ephedrine, with the formula C10H15NO.


lexentry: eng/pseudogene__Noun__1
written_rep: pseudogene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: псевдоген
sense_list:
(genetics) A segment of DNA that is part of the genome of an organism, and which is similar to a gene but does not code for a gene product.


lexentry: eng/pseudoneurotic_schizophrenia__Noun__1
written_rep: pseudoneurotic schizophrenia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: псевдоневротическая шизофрения
sense_list:
(psychiatry) A postulated mental disorder categorized by the presence of two or more symptoms of mental illness such as anxiety, hysteria, and phobic or obsessive-compulsive neuroses.


lexentry: eng/pseudopod__Noun__1
written_rep: pseudopod
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ложноно́жка | псевдопо́дия
sense_list:
(cytology) A temporary projection of the cytoplasm of certain cells, such as phagocytes, or of certain unicellular organisms, such as amoebas, that serves in locomotion. [from 19th c.] | (by extension) An extension or projection from something. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/pseudorandom__Adjective__1
written_rep: pseudorandom
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: псевдослуча́йный
sense_list:
Of a sequence of numbers, such that it has all the properties of a random sequence following some probability distribution (except true randomness), but is actually generated using a deterministic algorithm.


lexentry: eng/pseudoscience__Noun__1
written_rep: pseudoscience
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лженау́ка | псевдонау́ка | псевдонаука
sense_list:
(pejorative) Any body of knowledge that purports to be scientific or to be supported by science (or may appear to be scientific) but which fails to comply with the scientific method (or rather, is not true science). [from 1796] | Fictitious science as portrayed in science fiction.


lexentry: eng/pseudoscorpion__Noun__1
written_rep: pseudoscorpion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лжескорпио́н | ложноскорпио́н
sense_list:
An arachnid belonging to the order Pseudoscorpiones, also known as Pseudoscorpionida or Chelonethida


lexentry: eng/psi__Noun__1
written_rep: psi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пси
sense_list:
(countable) The twenty-third letter of Classical and Modern Greek and the twenty-fifth letter of Old and Ancient Greek.


lexentry: eng/psilocybin__Noun__1
written_rep: psilocybin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: псилоциби́н
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A hallucinogenic alkaloid, C12H15N2O·H2PO3, present in several species of Central American mushroom and producing effects similar to LSD. The prodrug of psilocin.


lexentry: eng/psittacosis__Noun__1
written_rep: psittacosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: орнитоз
sense_list:
(disease) An infection by Chlamydia bacteria, caught from infected birds, and characterised by fever, pneumonia and headaches.


lexentry: eng/psoriasis__Noun__1
written_rep: psoriasis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: псориа́з | псориаз
sense_list:
(disease) A noncontagious disease whose main symptom is gray or silvery flaky patches on the skin which are red and inflamed underneath when scratched.


lexentry: eng/psst__Interjection__1
written_rep: psst
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тсс
sense_list:
(onomatopoeia) Implies that the speaker is sending secret or whispered information to another person.


lexentry: eng/psych_folk__Noun__1
written_rep: psych folk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психоделический фолк
sense_list:
(music genre) A genre of folk music influenced by psychedelic rock and possessing a dark, sinister tone.


lexentry: eng/psyched_up__Adjective__1
written_rep: psyched up
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: готовый
sense_list:
(idiomatic, informal) In a state of heightened mental preparedness for a difficult or hazardous enterprise, or one where success is particularly sought.


lexentry: eng/psychedelic__Adjective__1
written_rep: psychedelic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психодели́ческий | психодели́чный
sense_list:
Of, containing, generating, or reminiscent of drug-induced hallucinations, distortions of perception, altered awareness, etc.


lexentry: eng/psychedelic__Noun__1
written_rep: psychedelic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психоде́лик
sense_list:
Any psychoactive substance (such as LSD or psilocybin) which, when consumed, causes perceptual changes (sometimes erratic and uncontrollable), visual hallucination, and altered awareness of the body and mind.


lexentry: eng/psychedelic_rock__Noun__1
written_rep: psychedelic rock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психоделический рок
sense_list:
(music genre) A genre of rock music influenced by psychedelia, blues, jazz, folk music, electronic music and the hippie counterculture of the 1960s.


lexentry: eng/psychiatry__Noun__1
written_rep: psychiatry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психиатри́я | психиатрия
sense_list:
(medicine) The branch of medicine that focuses on mental and behavioral health by subjectively diagnosing, treating, or preventing mental disorders (mental illnesses) and behavioural conditions.


lexentry: eng/psychic__Noun__1
written_rep: psychic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: телепа́т | экстрасе́нс
sense_list:
A person who possesses, or appears to possess, extra-sensory abilities such as precognition, clairvoyance, and telepathy, or who appears to be susceptible to paranormal or supernatural influences.


lexentry: eng/psychical__Adjective__1
written_rep: psychical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психический
sense_list:
Performed by or pertaining to the psyche (the mind, spirit, or both): mental, psychic. [from 17th c.] | (theology) Pertaining to the animal nature of man, as opposed to the spirit. [from 18th c.] | Outside the realm of the physical; supernatural, psychic. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/psycho__Noun__1
written_rep: psycho
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: псих
sense_list:
(chiefly, derogatory, slang) A person who is psychotic, psychopathic, or (broadly) otherwise insane. | (chiefly, derogatory, slang, broadly) A person who acts in a bizarre or dangerous manner.


lexentry: eng/psychoanalysis__Noun__1
written_rep: psychoanalysis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психоана́лиз | психоанализ
sense_list:
A family of theories and methods within the field of psychotherapy that work to find connections among patients' unconscious mental processes.


lexentry: eng/psychogenic__Adjective__1
written_rep: psychogenic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психоге́нный | психогенный
sense_list:
(psychiatry) Originating from or caused by state of mind; having a psychological rather than a physiological cause.


lexentry: eng/psycholinguistics__Noun__1
written_rep: psycholinguistics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психолингви́стика
sense_list:
(linguistics) The interdisciplinary field of study which concerns the acquisition, comprehension and production of language in its spoken, written and signed forms, using concepts and approaches from linguistics, psychology and cognitive science.


lexentry: eng/psychological__Adjective__1
written_rep: psychological
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психологи́ческий | психологический
sense_list:
Of or pertaining to psychology. | Relating to the mind and behavior or to the mental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics pertaining to a specified person, group, or activity.


lexentry: eng/psychological_warfare__Noun__1
written_rep: psychological warfare
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психологическая война
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A mentally manipulative approach to warfare involving use of techniques to demoralize or intimidate someone into surrender.


lexentry: eng/psychology__Noun__1
written_rep: psychology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: психоло́гия | психология
sense_list:
(uncountable) The study of human or animal behavior. | (countable) The mental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics pertaining to a specified person, group, or activity.


lexentry: eng/psychometrics__Noun__1
written_rep: psychometrics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психометри́я
sense_list:
(psychology) The design of psychological tests to measure intelligence, aptitude and personality; and the analysis and interpretation of their results.


lexentry: eng/psychometry__Noun__1
written_rep: psychometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психометри́я
sense_list:
(parapsychology) The paranormal ability to discover information about an object's past, and especially about its past owners, merely by handling it. | (psychology) The use of psychological tests to measure intelligence, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits.


lexentry: eng/psychopath__Noun__1
written_rep: psychopath
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: псих | психопа́т | психопа́тка
sense_list:
A person with a personality disorder indicated by a pattern of lying, cunning, manipulating, glibness, exploiting, heedlessness, arrogance, delusions of grandeur, carelessness, low self-control, disregard for morality, lack of acceptance of responsibility, callousness, and lack of empathy and remorse. Such a person may be especially prone to violent and criminal offenses. | A person diagnosed with antisocial or dissocial personality disorder.


lexentry: eng/psychopath__Noun__1
written_rep: psychopath
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: психопа́т | психопа́тка
sense_list:
(figurative) A person with no moral conscience. | (figurative) A person who perpetrates especially gruesome or bizarre violent acts.


lexentry: eng/psychopathology__Noun__1
written_rep: psychopathology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психопатоло́гия
sense_list:
(medicine, pathology) The study of the origin, development, diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioural disorders.


lexentry: eng/psychopathy__Noun__1
written_rep: psychopathy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психопа́тия | психопати́я
sense_list:
A personality disorder characterized by impaired empathy and remorse, and bold, disinhibited, and egocentric traits masked by superficial charm and the outward presence of apparent normality. Violent and criminal offenses may be indicative of this disorder.


lexentry: eng/psychophysics__Noun__1
written_rep: psychophysics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психофизика
sense_list:
(psychology) The branch of psychology concerned with the effects of physical stimuli on mental processes.


lexentry: eng/psychosis__Noun__1
written_rep: psychosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психо́з | психоз
sense_list:
(psychology) A severe mental disorder, sometimes with physical damage to the brain, marked by a deranged personality and a distorted view of reality.


lexentry: eng/psychotherapy__Noun__1
written_rep: psychotherapy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психотерапи́я
sense_list:
The treatment of people diagnosed with mental and emotional disorders using dialogue and a variety of psychological techniques.


lexentry: eng/psychrometer__Noun__1
written_rep: psychrometer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психро́метр
sense_list:
(meteorology) Any of several instruments used to measure the relative humidity of the atmosphere; especially a wet-and-dry-bulb hygrometer.


lexentry: eng/psytrance__Noun__1
written_rep: psytrance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: псай-транс
sense_list:
A genre of trance music characterized by hypnotic arrangements of synthetic rhythms and complex layered melodies created by high-tempo riffs.


lexentry: eng/ptarmigan__Noun__1
written_rep: ptarmigan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бе́лая куропа́тка | тундря́ная куропа́тка
sense_list:
Any of three species of small grouse in the genus Lagopus found in subarctic tundra areas of North America and Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/pteranodon__Noun__1
written_rep: pteranodon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: птеранодо́н
sense_list:
A member of Pteranodon, a genus of large pterosaurs, the males of which had a bony crest on the back of the head.


lexentry: eng/pub__Noun__1
written_rep: pub
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: паб | бар | каба́к | корчма́ | пивна́я | пивну́шка
sense_list:
(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) A public house where beverages, primarily alcoholic, may be bought and consumed, also providing food and sometimes entertainment such as live music or television.


lexentry: eng/public-private_partnership__Noun__1
written_rep: public-private partnership
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ГЧП | МЧП | госуда́рственно-ча́стное партнёрство | муниципа́льно-ча́стное партнёрство
sense_list:
(politics, government, business) An arrangement by which one or more private firms agrees to fund, create, or operate a facility, service, or other element of public infrastructure (such as a school, hospital, or highway) which is usually the sole responsibility of government, in return for all or some of the revenue generated by that facility or service.


lexentry: eng/public__Adjective__1
written_rep: public
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обще́ственный | общедосту́пный
sense_list:
Able to be known or seen by everyone; happening without concealment; open to general view. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/public__Adjective__1
written_rep: public
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: публи́чный | обще́ственный | откры́тый
sense_list:
Open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it; especially, provided by national or local authorities and supported by money from taxes. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/public__Adjective__1
written_rep: public
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: обще́ственный | общественный | публичный
sense_list:
Pertaining to the people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people; concerning the whole community or country. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/public__Adjective__1
written_rep: public
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: обще́ственный | публи́чный
sense_list:
Officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community, rather than by a private organization. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/public__Noun__1
written_rep: public
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обще́ственность | пу́блика | наро́д
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) Chiefly preceded by the: members of the community or the people in general, regardless of membership of any particular group.


lexentry: eng/public_address_system__Noun__1
written_rep: public address system
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колонка
sense_list:
An electronic voice-amplification apparatus, usually containing a set of two loudspeakers and a central control unit, used for singing, giving a speech, play-by-play commentary at events, or broadcasting in public areas like in airports or stations.


lexentry: eng/public_domain__Noun__1
written_rep: public domain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: всео́бщее достоя́ние | обще́ственное достоя́ние
sense_list:
(specifically, law) The realm of intellectual property which is not or no longer protected by copyrights or patents, and thus over which no person can establish a proprietary interest.


lexentry: eng/public_health__Noun__1
written_rep: public health
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: здравоохранение
sense_list:
The science and practice of community hygiene, which includes preventive healthcare, health education, sanitation and environmental safety.


lexentry: eng/public_history__Noun__1
written_rep: public history
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: публи́чная исто́рия
sense_list:
The broad range of activities undertaken by people with some training in the discipline of history who generally work outside of specialized academic settings.


lexentry: eng/public_holiday__Noun__1
written_rep: public holiday
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: госуда́рственный пра́здник | обще́ственный пра́здник | пра́здник
sense_list:
A national or regional holiday from work on a specific day, usually for cultural reasons or celebrations.


lexentry: eng/public_law__Noun__1
written_rep: public law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обще́ственное пра́во | публи́чное пра́во
sense_list:
(legal) A category of law governing the relationship between the state on the one hand and persons (citizens or legal persons including corporations) on the other. Constitutional law, administrative law and criminal law are some of the major subdivisions of public law.


lexentry: eng/public_life__Noun__1
written_rep: public life
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обще́ственная жизнь
sense_list:
The aspects of social life which occur in public, in the open, as opposed to more private social interaction within families, private clubs, etc.


lexentry: eng/public_limited_liability_company__Noun__1
written_rep: public limited liability company
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: акционерное общество
sense_list:
A type or form of for-profit incorporated company where ownership is divided into shares that are publicly tradeable usually in a stock exchange.


lexentry: eng/public_office__Noun__1
written_rep: public office
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: должность
sense_list:
(government) A position or occupation established by law or by the act of a government body, for the purpose of exercising the authority of the government in the service of the public.


lexentry: eng/public_property__Noun__1
written_rep: public property
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обще́ственная со́бственность
sense_list:
(law, property law) Property, assets or information directly owned by or under the control of the state.


lexentry: eng/public_purse__Noun__1
written_rep: public purse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: казна
sense_list:
(economics, government, idiomatic) A quantity of money collected by a government through taxation and other methods, and used for public purposes; public funds, public money.


lexentry: eng/public_relations__Noun__1
written_rep: public relations
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: PR | пиа́р | свя́зи с обще́ственностью
sense_list:
The professional dissemination and management of information by a person or an organization to the public with the purpose of creating a favorable public image.


lexentry: eng/public_service_announcement__Noun__1
written_rep: public service announcement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: социальная реклама
sense_list:
(broadcasting) An advertisement intended to serve the public interest by raising awareness of an issue, affecting public attitudes and potentially stimulating action.


lexentry: eng/public_transport__Noun__1
written_rep: public transport
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обще́ственный тра́нспорт
sense_list:
(UK, AU, NZ) Any form of transport that can be used by a member of public (who usually pays a fare); as opposed to private ownership of e.g. cars.


lexentry: eng/publican__Noun__2
written_rep: publican
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мы́тарь
sense_list:
(Ancient Rome, historical) A tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times (1st century C.E.) who was generally regarded as sinful for extorting more tax than was due, and as a traitor for serving the Roman Empire.


lexentry: eng/publicist__Noun__1
written_rep: publicist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[специали́ст]]/[[аге́нт]] по [[печать|печа́ти]] и [[реклама|рекла́ме]]
sense_list:
A person whose job is to publicize information or events; a publicity agent; a public relations agent or worker.


lexentry: eng/pucker__Verb__1
written_rep: pucker
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мо́рщить | намо́рщить
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To pinch or wrinkle (especially a body part); to squeeze inwardly, to dimple or fold.


lexentry: eng/pucker_up__Verb__1
written_rep: pucker up
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вытя́гивать губки | мо́рщиться
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To contract a facial feature so as to form wrinkles; used especially of the lips when whistling or kissing.


lexentry: eng/pudding__Noun__1
written_rep: pudding
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пу́динг
sense_list:
Any of various dishes, sweet or savoury, prepared by boiling or steaming, or from batter. | A type of cake or dessert cooked usually by boiling or steaming.


lexentry: eng/pudding__Noun__1
written_rep: pudding
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: пу́динг | пудинг
sense_list:
A type of dessert that has a texture similar to custard or mousse but using some kind of starch as the thickening agent.


lexentry: eng/puddle__Noun__1
written_rep: puddle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: обма́зка
sense_list:
A homogeneous mixture of clay, water, and sometimes grit, used to line a canal or pond to make it watertight. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/puddle_jumper__Noun__1
written_rep: puddle jumper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кукурузник
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A small passenger airplane, typically used for shorter connecting trips to smaller airports.


lexentry: eng/pudu__Noun__1
written_rep: pudu
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пуду́
sense_list:
A very small South American deer of the genus Pudu (in some classifications divided to Pudu and Pudella), native to the Andes.


lexentry: eng/puff__Noun__1
written_rep: puff
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: профитроль
sense_list:
(countable) A sharp exhalation of a small amount of breath through the mouth. | (dated, slang) A puffer, one who is employed by the owner or seller of goods sold at auction to bid up the price; an act or scam of that type.


lexentry: eng/puff_pastry__Noun__1
written_rep: puff pastry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: слоёное те́сто | сло́йка
sense_list:
A light, flaky pastry that is made of alternating buttery and floury dough layers by repeatedly folding the rolled pastry into many layers.


lexentry: eng/puff_piece__Noun__1
written_rep: puff piece
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: джинса́ | заказу́ха
sense_list:
(journalism, publishing, informal) A journalistic form of puffery; an article or story of exaggerated praise that often ignores or downplays opposing viewpoints or evidence to the contrary.


lexentry: eng/puff_up__Verb__1
written_rep: puff up
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: наду́ться | надува́ться | нахо́хливаться | нахо́хлиться
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive) To fluff up, such as an animal raising its fur or feathers to appear larger or conserve body heat. | (figurative, intransitive) To become proud. (Often written as puffed up with pride.)


lexentry: eng/puffball__Noun__1
written_rep: puffball
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: де́душкин таба́к | дождеви́к
sense_list:
Any of various fungi that produce a cloud of brown dust-like spores from their mature fruiting bodies.


lexentry: eng/pufferfish__Noun__1
written_rep: pufferfish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: фу́гу
sense_list:
(uncountable) The meat of these fish, a delicacy popular in Japan served raw as sushi that may, if improperly prepared, contain deadly levels of neurotoxins; (Japanese) fugu.


lexentry: eng/puffin__Noun__1
written_rep: puffin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: топо́рик | ту́пик
sense_list:
The Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) or (by extension) any of the other various small seabirds of the genera Fratercula and Lunda that are black and white with a brightly-coloured beak. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/pug__Noun__1
written_rep: pug
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мопс
sense_list:
In full pug dog: a small dog of an ancient breed originating in China, having a snub nose, wrinkled face, squarish body, short smooth hair, and curled tail. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/pukka__Adjective__1
written_rep: pukka
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: и́стинный | настоя́щий | по́длинный
sense_list:
(originally, South Asia) Genuine or authentic; hence of behaviour: correct, socially acceptable or proper.


lexentry: eng/pull-up__Noun__1
written_rep: pull-up
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: подтя́гивание
sense_list:
An exercise done for strengthening the arms and back in which one lifts one's own weight while hanging from a bar. Palms may be facing in any direction.


lexentry: eng/pull__Verb__1
written_rep: pull
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: потащи́ть | потяну́ть | тащи́ть | тяну́ть | тяга́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive) To apply a force to (an object) so that it comes toward the person or thing applying the force.


lexentry: eng/pull_in__Verb__1
written_rep: pull in
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тащить
sense_list:
(literally, transitive) To pull something, so that it comes inside. | (idiomatic, transitive) To arrest someone; to take someone to a police station because they may have done something.


lexentry: eng/pull_oneself_together__Verb__1
written_rep: pull oneself together
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
(idiomatic, reflexive) To become mentally focused after a period of being unfocused; to regain control of oneself

trans_list:
брать себя́ в ру́ки | взять себя́ в ру́ки | прийти́ в себя́ | приходи́ть в себя́ | собира́ться | собра́ться


lexentry: eng/pull_out_of_one's_ass__Verb__1
written_rep: pull out of one's ass
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: брать с потолка́ | взять с потолка́ | вы́сосать из па́льца | выса́сывать из па́льца
sense_list:
(idiomatic, vulgar, transitive) To fabricate (a factual-sounding claim) from no factual basis or evidence.


lexentry: eng/pull_over__Verb__1
written_rep: pull over
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: арестовать
sense_list:
(transitive) To command or force someone to drive their vehicle to the side of the road or curb and come to a stop.


lexentry: eng/pull_request__Noun__1
written_rep: pull request
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: запрос на принятие
sense_list:
(computing) A request to a repository maintainer to pull in and merge a proposed source code or other change.


lexentry: eng/pull_someone's_leg__Verb__1
written_rep: pull someone's leg
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дразни́ть | насмеха́ться | подка́лывать | прика́лываться
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To tease someone; to lead someone on; to goad someone into overreacting. It usually implies teasing or goading by jokingly lying.


lexentry: eng/pull_strings__Verb__1
written_rep: pull strings
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: заправлять
sense_list:
(intransitive, idiomatic, often with “the” or a possessive adjective (such as “his”) before “strings”, pull one's strings) To control a person, organization, or situation by operating behind the scenes, as a puppeteer controls a marionette.


lexentry: eng/pulley__Noun__1
written_rep: pulley
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: блок | шкив
sense_list:
(engineering, countable) One of the simple machines; a sheave, a wheel with a grooved rim, in which a pulled rope or chain lifts an object (more useful when two or more pulleys are used together, as in a block and tackle arrangement, such that a small force moving through a greater distance can exert a larger force through a smaller distance).


lexentry: eng/pullover__Noun__1
written_rep: pullover
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пуло́вер | сви́тер
sense_list:
A sweater that must be put on by pulling it over the head; a sweater without buttons or a zipper in front.


lexentry: eng/pullover__Noun__1
written_rep: pullover
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: пулло́вер
sense_list:
(weightlifting) An exercise performed lying on the back in which the arms are extended behind the head and exertion lifts the weight above the head.


lexentry: eng/pulmonary_alveolus__Noun__1
written_rep: pulmonary alveolus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лёгочная альвеола
sense_list:
(anatomy) A small air sac in the lungs, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood.


lexentry: eng/pulmonary_tuberculosis__Noun__1
written_rep: pulmonary tuberculosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чахо́тка | туберкулёз
sense_list:
(pathology) The most common form of active tuberculosis (TB) infecting the lungs, generally caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


lexentry: eng/pulpit__Noun__1
written_rep: pulpit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ка́федра | кафедра
sense_list:
(Christianity, countable) A raised platform in a church, sometimes enclosed, where the minister or preacher stands when giving the sermon; also, the lectern on such a platform.


lexentry: eng/pulpitis__Noun__1
written_rep: pulpitis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пульпит
sense_list:
(dentistry) A reversible or irreversible inflammation of the tooth pulp which is in most cases of endodontic origin but can also be of periodontal origin too. It can lead to apical periodontitis, cysts and tooth loss if not treated.


lexentry: eng/pulpy__Adjective__1
written_rep: pulpy
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: мя́гкий | мяси́стый | со́чный
sense_list:
(figurative, fiction) Having the characteristics of pulp fiction; thus, having a garish focus on sex and violence.


lexentry: eng/pulsatile__Adjective__1
written_rep: pulsatile
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бьющийся
sense_list:
Pulsating; that pulses. [from 15th c.] | (music) Of a musical instrument: played by striking or beating.


lexentry: eng/pulse__Noun__1
written_rep: pulse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пульс
sense_list:
A normally regular beat felt when arteries near the skin (for example, at the neck or wrist) are depressed, caused by the heart pumping blood through them.


lexentry: eng/pulse__Noun__1
written_rep: pulse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: ритм
sense_list:
(music, prosody) The beat or tactus of a piece of music or verse; also, a repeated sequence of such beats.


lexentry: eng/pulse_oximetry__Noun__1
written_rep: pulse oximetry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пульсоксиметрия
sense_list:
(medicine) A noninvasive method allowing the monitoring of the oxygenation of a patient's hemoglobin, using a sensor placed on a thin part of the patient's anatomy, usually a fingertip or earlobe.


lexentry: eng/pulsejet__Noun__1
written_rep: pulsejet
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: (aeronautics) a valved jet engine where combustion occurs in pulses, as used in the V-1 flying bomb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
[[пульси́рующий]] [[воздушный|возду́шно]]-[[реакти́вный]] [[дви́гатель]] | воздушно-реактивный двигатель


lexentry: eng/pulverise__Verb__1
written_rep: pulverise
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: (intransitive) To become reduced to powder; to fall to dust.
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list:
[[превраща́ть]] в [[порошо́к]] | [[превраща́ться]] в [[порошо́к]] | дроби́ть | измельча́ть | распыля́ть


lexentry: eng/pumice__Noun__1
written_rep: pumice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пе́мза | пемза
sense_list:
A light, porous type of pyroclastic igneous rock, formed during explosive volcanic eruptions when liquid lava is ejected into water or air as a froth containing masses of gas bubbles, which are frozen into the rock as the lava solidifies.


lexentry: eng/pump__Noun__1
written_rep: pump
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: па́мпинг | памп
sense_list:
(bodybuilding, climbing) A swelling of the muscles caused by increased blood flow following high intensity weightlifting.


lexentry: eng/pump__Verb__1
written_rep: pump
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кача́ть | нака́чивать | накача́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive) To use a pump; to move (water or other liquid) by means of a pump. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pumpkin_pie__Noun__1
written_rep: pumpkin pie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ты́квенный пиро́г
sense_list:
(cooking) A sweet pie made from the flesh of pumpkins and traditionally served as a dessert on Thanksgiving.


lexentry: eng/pun__Noun__1
written_rep: pun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: игра́ слов | каламбу́р
sense_list:
A joke or type of wordplay in which similar definitions or sounds of two words or phrases, or different definitions of the same word, are deliberately confused.


lexentry: eng/punch__Noun__2
written_rep: punch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ке́рнер
sense_list:
(countable) A device, generally slender and round, used for creating holes in thin material, for driving an object through a hole in a containing object, or to stamp or emboss a mark or design on a surface.


lexentry: eng/punch_above_one's_weight__Verb__1
written_rep: punch above one's weight
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пры́гнуть вы́ше головы́
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To (attempt to) achieve or perform at a higher level than would be expected based on one's preparation, attributes, rank, or past accomplishments.


lexentry: eng/punch_card__Noun__1
written_rep: punch card
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перфока́рта
sense_list:
A card that can have holes or notches cut in it, especially one for storing data, that can be sorted according to combinations of holes present or absent.


lexentry: eng/punch_line__Noun__1
written_rep: punch line
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: соль
sense_list:
The final part of a joke; the word, sentence, or exchange of sentences that is intended to be funny and provokes laughter from the listeners.


lexentry: eng/puncheon__Noun__1
written_rep: puncheon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: рыча́г
sense_list:
A walkway or short, low footbridge over wet ground constructed with such timbers, made by laying one or more planks or dressed timbers over sills set directly on the ground; also called duck boards, bog boards, or bog bridge.


lexentry: eng/punching_bag__Noun__1
written_rep: punching bag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: боксёрская гру́ша | боксёрский мешо́к
sense_list:
A tough bag, usually cylindrical, filled with air, sand, or other material, often suspended so that it swings freely, which is punched or kicked when practising sports such as boxing or martial arts.


lexentry: eng/punctuation__Noun__1
written_rep: punctuation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зна́ки препина́ния | препина́ние | пунктуа́ция
sense_list:
A set of symbols and marks which are used to clarify meaning in text by separating strings of words into clauses, phrases and sentences; examples include commas, hyphens, and stops (periods).


lexentry: eng/punctuation_mark__Noun__1
written_rep: punctuation mark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: знак препина́ния | знак препинания
sense_list:
Any of various symbols used in writing and printing to indicate pauses, divisions, etc. and to aid the reader in understanding what is written.


lexentry: eng/pundit__Noun__1
written_rep: pundit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: панди́т
sense_list:
A learned person in India; someone with knowledge of Sanskrit, philosophy, religion and law; a Hindu scholar. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/pungent__Adjective__1
written_rep: pungent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: е́дкий | о́стрый
sense_list:
Having a strong taste that stings the tongue; said especially of hot (spicy) food, which has a strong and sharp or bitter taste. | (botany) Having a sharp and stiff point.


lexentry: eng/punish__Verb__1
written_rep: punish
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: нака́зывать | кара́ть | наказа́ть | покара́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause (a child, student, or someone else being looked after, or a suspect or criminal) to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action, typically by an authority or a person in authority (for example: a parent, teacher, or police officer).


lexentry: eng/punishment__Noun__1
written_rep: punishment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: наказа́ние | ка́ра
sense_list:
The act (action) or process of punishing, imposing and/or applying a sanction, typically by an authority or a person in authority (for example: a parent or teacher), especially when disappointed or dissatisfied with the behavior or actions of a child, student, or someone else being looked after.


lexentry: eng/punk__Noun__1
written_rep: punk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: панк
sense_list:
The larger nonconformist social movement associated with punk rock and its fans. | A member of the punk social movement; usually anarchist and socially non-conformist although potentially either left-wing or right-wing. | Ellipsis of punk rocker, a musician known for playing punk rock or a fan of the genre. [1976]


lexentry: eng/punk__Noun__1
written_rep: punk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: опущенный | петух
sense_list:
(science fiction, usually, in compounds) A fan of a -punk genre of fiction, or a person who dresses in a style associated with it.


lexentry: eng/punkah__Noun__1
written_rep: punkah
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: опаха́ло | панкха́
sense_list:
(South Asia, Myanmar) A fan, particularly a large fan made of leaf or cloth and hung from the ceiling, (historical) formerly often operated by a servant.


lexentry: eng/punnet__Noun__1
written_rep: punnet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: корзина
sense_list:
(UK, Irish, Commonwealth) A small basket or receptacle for collecting and selling fruit, particularly strawberries.


lexentry: eng/punt__Verb__3
written_rep: punt
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: рисковать | ставить
sense_list:
(Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, UK) To stake against the bank, to back a horse, to gamble or take a chance more generally


lexentry: eng/punt_gun__Noun__1
written_rep: punt gun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: у́точница
sense_list:
(chiefly, historical) A very large shotgun used in the 19th and early 20th centuries for shooting large numbers of waterfowl for commercial harvesting operations and private sport.


lexentry: eng/pup__Noun__1
written_rep: pup
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: щено́к
sense_list:
A young dog, wolf, fox, seal, bat or shark, or the young of certain other animals. | A young, inexperienced person.


lexentry: eng/pupil__Noun__2
written_rep: pupil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зрачо́к | зени́ца | зрачок
sense_list:
(anatomy) The hole in the middle of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to be focused on the retina.


lexentry: eng/puppet__Noun__1
written_rep: puppet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ку́кла | марионе́тка
sense_list:
Any small model of a person or animal able to be moved by strings or rods, or in the form of a glove.


lexentry: eng/puppet_army__Noun__1
written_rep: puppet army
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: марионе́точная а́рмия
sense_list:
An army that an invading country forms by recruiting people from already-occupied areas of the country being invaded.


lexentry: eng/puppet_show__Noun__1
written_rep: puppet show
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ку́кольный теа́тр
sense_list:
A show, theatrical performance, in which the parts are played by puppets impersonating human or other characters


lexentry: eng/purchase__Noun__1
written_rep: purchase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ку́пля | ку́пля-прода́жа | поку́пка | приобрете́ние
sense_list:
The acquisition of title to, or property in, anything for a price; buying for money or its equivalent.


lexentry: eng/purchase__Noun__1
written_rep: purchase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: [[добытый|добы́тая]] вещь | приобрете́ние
sense_list:
That which is obtained, got or acquired, in any manner, honestly or dishonestly; property; possession; acquisition.


lexentry: eng/purchase__Noun__1
written_rep: purchase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: подъёмник
sense_list:
(uncountable, also, figuratively) Any mechanical hold or advantage, applied to the raising or removing of heavy bodies, as by a lever, a tackle or capstan. | The apparatus, tackle or device by which such mechanical advantage is gained and (in nautical terminology) the ratio of such a device, like a pulley, or block and tackle.


lexentry: eng/purchase__Verb__1
written_rep: purchase
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: покупать
sense_list:
To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; to raise or move by mechanical means.


lexentry: eng/purchase_order__Noun__1
written_rep: purchase order
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зака́з на поку́пку
sense_list:
(business) A commercial order issued by a buyer (purchaser) to a seller, and the document that defines it, indicating the type, quantities, and agreed prices for products or services the seller will provide to the buyer.


lexentry: eng/purchasing_power_parity__Noun__1
written_rep: purchasing power parity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: паритет покупательной способности
sense_list:
(economics) A theory of long-term equilibrium exchange rates based on relative price levels of two countries.


lexentry: eng/purdah__Noun__1
written_rep: purdah
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: парда | пурда
sense_list:
(uncountable) The situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers, in some Muslim and Hindu traditions, by using a curtain or screen, and/or wearing a face veil or attire covering most of the body. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/purge__Verb__1
written_rep: purge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: очи́стить | очища́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To free from sin, guilt, or burden. | (transitive, intransitive, medicine) To evacuate (the bowels or the stomach); to defecate or vomit.


lexentry: eng/purism__Noun__1
written_rep: purism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: пури́зм
sense_list:
(uncountable) An insistence on the traditionally correct way of doing things. | (countable) An example of purist language etc.


lexentry: eng/puritan__Adjective__1
written_rep: puritan
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пурита́нский
sense_list:
(usually, derogative) Acting or behaving according to the Puritan morals (e.g. propagating modesty), especially with regard to pleasure, nudity and sex; ascetic.


lexentry: eng/puritanical__Adjective__1
written_rep: puritanical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: пуританский | строгий
sense_list:
Precise in observance of legal or religious requirements; strict; overscrupulous; rigid (often used by way of reproach or contempt).


lexentry: eng/purloin__Verb__1
written_rep: purloin
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: присва́ивать
sense_list:
(transitive, usually, formal, or, humorous) To take the property of another, often in breach of trust; to appropriate wrongfully; to steal.


lexentry: eng/purple__Adjective__1
written_rep: purple
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пу́рпурный | пурпу́рный | фиоле́товый
sense_list:
Of a purple hue. | (US politics) Not predominantly red or blue, but having a mixture of Democrat and Republican support. | (in Netherlands and Belgium) Mixed between social democrats and liberals. | Imperial; regal. | Blood-red; bloody. | (of language) Extravagantly ornate, like purple prose. | (motor racing, of a sector, lap, etc.) Completed in the fastest time so far in a given session.


lexentry: eng/purple__Noun__1
written_rep: purple
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: пу́рпур
sense_list:
Cloth, or a garment, dyed a purple colour; especially, a purple robe, worn as an emblem of rank or authority; specifically, the purple robe or mantle worn by Ancient Roman emperors as the emblem of imperial dignity.


lexentry: eng/purple__Noun__1
written_rep: purple
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: багря́нка
sense_list:
Any of various species of mollusks from which Tyrian purple dye was obtained, especially the common dog whelk.


lexentry: eng/purple_emperor__Noun__1
written_rep: purple emperor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перели́вница больша́я | перели́вница иво́вая | ра́дужница больша́я иво́вая
sense_list:
A large, dark brown and white (female), or purple and white (male) butterfly, Apatura iris, of the family Nymphalidae.


lexentry: eng/purple_hairstreak__Noun__1
written_rep: purple hairstreak
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зефи́р дубо́вый | хвоста́тка дубо́вая
sense_list:
A small, brown (female) or purple (male) butterfly, of species Quercusia quercus (syn. Neozephyrus quercus), of the family Lycaenidae


lexentry: eng/purple_heron__Noun__1
written_rep: purple heron
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ры́жая ца́пля
sense_list:
A wading bird, Ardea purpurea, having reddish-brown plumage and found throughout southern Europe and Asia.


lexentry: eng/purple_swamphen__Noun__1
written_rep: purple swamphen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: султанка
sense_list:
Various species in the Porphyrio genus of the Rallidae family, including Porphyrio porphyrio, Porphyrio madagascariensis, Porphyrio poliocephalus, Porphyrio indicus, Porphyrio pulverulentus, and Porphyrio melanotus.


lexentry: eng/purpure__Noun__1
written_rep: purpure
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[пу́рпурный]] (цвет)
sense_list:
(tincture) A purple colour on a coat of arms, represented in engraving by diagonal parallel lines 45 degrees clockwise.


lexentry: eng/purr__Verb__1
written_rep: purr
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мурлы́кать | промурлы́кать
sense_list:
(intransitive, of a cat) To make a vibrating sound in its throat when contented or in certain other conditions.


lexentry: eng/purser__Noun__1
written_rep: purser
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: казначей
sense_list:
The person responsible for handling the accounts on a ship, or for dealing with the passengers on a ship or aircraft.


lexentry: eng/pursue__Verb__1
written_rep: pursue
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пресле́довать | гна́ться
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To follow urgently, originally with intent to capture or harm; to chase. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/pursue__Verb__1
written_rep: pursue
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: занима́ться
sense_list:
(transitive) To participate in (an activity, business etc.); to practise, follow (a profession). [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/purvey__Verb__1
written_rep: purvey
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: снабжать
sense_list:
(intransitive, obsolete) To prepare in advance (for or to do something); to plan, make provision. | (transitive) To furnish or provide.


lexentry: eng/pus__Noun__1
written_rep: pus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гной
sense_list:
(medicine, pathology) A whitish-yellow or yellow substance composed primarily of dead white blood cells and dead pyogenic bacteria, normally found in regions of bacterial infection.


lexentry: eng/push-up__Noun__1
written_rep: push-up
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отжима́ние
sense_list:
An exercise done to improve upper body strength, performed by resting on one's toes and hands and pushing one's weight off the floor.


lexentry: eng/push__Verb__1
written_rep: push
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: толка́ть | пиха́ть | пихну́ть | толкну́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive) To apply a force to (an object) such that it moves away from the person or thing applying the force.


lexentry: eng/pushover__Noun__1
written_rep: pushover
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: слаба́к
sense_list:
Someone who is easy to push around and to take advantage of; someone who lets themselves be picked on or bullied without defending or standing up for themselves.


lexentry: eng/pusillanimity__Noun__1
written_rep: pusillanimity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: малоду́шие
sense_list:
The quality or state of being pusillanimous; the vice of being timid and cowardly, and thus not living up to one's full potential; pusillanimousness.


lexentry: eng/pussy__Noun__1
written_rep: pussy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: ки́са | ко́шечка | тёлочка | цы́почка
sense_list:
(colloquial, affectionate, now, rare) A woman or girl, seen as having characteristics associated with cats such as sweetness. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pussywhipped__Adjective__1
written_rep: pussywhipped
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: под башмако́м | под каблуко́м | подкаблу́чник
sense_list:
(slang, vulgar, of a man) Submissive to or dominated by one's wife or other female partner, frequently with the connotation that this submissive behavior is for the prospect of sex.


lexentry: eng/put__Verb__1
written_rep: put
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: класть | положи́ть | поста́вить | ста́вить
sense_list:
To physically place (something or someone somewhere). | To bring or set (into a certain relation, state or condition).


lexentry: eng/put_a_sock_in_it__Verb__1
written_rep: put a sock in it
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: затыкаться
sense_list:
(slang, idiomatic, humorous, somewhat, derogatory) To stop talking; to be quiet; to shut one's mouth.


lexentry: eng/put_aside__Verb__1
written_rep: put aside
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: отложить
sense_list:
(transitive) To save or keep (something) to be used at a later time. | (transitive) To ignore or intentionally disregard (something), temporarily or permanently, so that more important things can occupy one's attention.


lexentry: eng/put_down__Verb__1
written_rep: put down
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: поста́вить | ста́вить
sense_list:
To halt, eliminate, stop, or squelch, often by force. | (obsolete, printing) To set type in lowercase; to switch type from capital to lowercase letters.


lexentry: eng/put_on__Verb__1
written_rep: put on
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: наде́ть | надева́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To don (clothing, equipment, or the like). | (ditransitive) To assign or apply (something) to a target. | (obsolete, intransitive) To hurry up; to move swiftly forward.


lexentry: eng/put_one's_best_foot_forward__Verb__1
written_rep: put one's best foot forward
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: показа́ть себя́ с лучше́й стороны́
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To show oneself in the best or most positive way possible; to make a favorable impression.


lexentry: eng/put_one's_cards_on_the_table__Verb__1
written_rep: put one's cards on the table
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: раскры́ть ка́рты
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To reveal one's true intentions, beliefs, feelings, or other previously concealed facts about one's situation; to speak frankly.


lexentry: eng/put_one's_foot_in_one's_mouth__Verb__1
written_rep: put one's foot in one's mouth
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оговори́ться | сморо́зить глу́пость
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To misspeak; to say something embarrassing or wrong, or to make a mistake in public, or a social blunder, that is embarrassing or offensive.


lexentry: eng/put_one's_house_in_order__Verb__1
written_rep: put one's house in order
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: убирать
sense_list:
(literal) To clean and arrange in an orderly manner the furnishings and other contents of one's house.


lexentry: eng/put_oneself_in_someone's_shoes__Verb__1
written_rep: put oneself in someone's shoes
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: поста́вить себя́ на чьё-то ме́сто
sense_list:
(figuratively) To try to look at a situation from a different point of view; as if one were the other person; to empathise.


lexentry: eng/put_out__Verb__1
written_rep: put out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: вы́ложить | выкла́дывать | дава́ть | дать
sense_list:
To cause someone to be out of sorts; to annoy, impose, inconvenience, or disturb. | (intransitive) To go out, to head out, especially (sailing) to set sail.


lexentry: eng/put_someone_under__Verb__1
written_rep: put someone under
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: давать наркоз
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To anesthetize someone or render them unconscious through the use of narcotic substances, usually either alcohol or pharmaceutical drugs.


lexentry: eng/put_that_in_your_pipe_and_smoke_it__Phrase__1
written_rep: put that in your pipe and smoke it
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: заруби себе́ на носу
sense_list:
(idiomatic, colloquial, pejorative) Used after stating something surprising or undesired, to emphasize its truth. Also used after refuting an argument. Sometimes an adjective is inserted before pipe.


lexentry: eng/put_the_cart_before_the_horse__Verb__1
written_rep: put the cart before the horse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: начина́ть не с того́ конца́ | ста́вить теле́гу впереди́ ло́шади
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To put things in the wrong order or with the wrong priorities; to put something inconsequential as more important than something more essential.


lexentry: eng/put_the_make_on__Verb__1
written_rep: put the make on
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ухаживать
sense_list:
(informal, transitive) To pursue with romantic interest, especially in an aggressive, sexually suggestive manner.


lexentry: eng/put_to_sea__Verb__1
written_rep: put to sea
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: уйти в море
sense_list:
(nautical, of a boat or ship) To leave a port or harbour on a voyage, or for other purposes such as fishing.


lexentry: eng/put_to_sleep__Verb__1
written_rep: put to sleep
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: усыпи́ть | усыпля́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, euphemistic) To kill an animal painlessly, often with an injection; to euthanize. | (informal) To give a general anesthetic prior to surgery.


lexentry: eng/putrefaction__Noun__1
written_rep: putrefaction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гние́ние
sense_list:
The act of causing to rot; the anaerobic splitting of proteins by bacteria and fungi with the formation of malodorous, incompletely oxidized products.


lexentry: eng/putto__Noun__1
written_rep: putto
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пу́тто
sense_list:
(art) A representation, especially in Renaissance or Baroque art, of a small, naked, often winged (usually male) child; a cherub.


lexentry: eng/puukko__Noun__1
written_rep: puukko
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пу́укко | фи́нка | фи́нский нож
sense_list:
A type of sharp, pointed knife of Nordic heritage, with a short blade and flat back; normally worn in a sheath on the waist, and used for woodcrafts or as a hunting knife.


lexentry: eng/puzzle_box__Noun__1
written_rep: puzzle box
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шкатулка с секретом
sense_list:
A box that cannot be opened by the usual obvious means, and therefore challenges a person to find the correct way to open it.


lexentry: eng/pyaemia__Noun__1
written_rep: pyaemia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гноекровие
sense_list:
(pathology) A type of septicemia caused usually by the presence of Staphylococcus bacteria in the bloodstream; characterised by metastatic abscesses and other symptoms associated with septicemia.


lexentry: eng/pygmy__Noun__1
written_rep: pygmy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пигме́й
sense_list:
(often, _, capitalized) A member of one of various Ancient Equatorial African tribal peoples, notable for their very short stature. | (Greek mythology) A member of a race of dwarfs.


lexentry: eng/pygmy_hippopotamus__Noun__1
written_rep: pygmy hippopotamus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ка́рликовый бегемо́т | ка́рликовый гиппопота́м | либери́йский ка́рликовый бегемо́т
sense_list:
A large four-toed, four-legged mammal native to western Africa of species Choeropsis liberiensis (syn. Hexaprotodon liberiensis), similar to but half the height of the common hippopotamus.


lexentry: eng/pykrete__Noun__1
written_rep: pykrete
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пайкери́т | пайкри́т
sense_list:
A solid substance made of water ice and sawdust, stronger than pure ice. Originally to be used in combination with a refrigeration system as hull material for warships. Used as a building material for ice buildings (such as winter ice hotels) and ice sculptures, usually without the originally envisioned embedded refrigeration systems.


lexentry: eng/pylon__Noun__1
written_rep: pylon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: опо́ра | пило́н
sense_list:
(electricity) A tower-like structure, usually one of a series, used to support high-voltage electricity cables.


lexentry: eng/pylon__Noun__1
written_rep: pylon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: каба́нчик
sense_list:
(aviation) A structure used to mount engines, missiles etc., to the underside of an aircraft wing or fuselage.


lexentry: eng/pylorus__Noun__1
written_rep: pylorus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: привратник желудка
sense_list:
(anatomy, biology) In vertebrates, including humans, a zone at the lower end of the stomach that leads to and opens into the duodenum.


lexentry: eng/pyramid__Noun__1
written_rep: pyramid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пирами́да | пирамида
sense_list:
An ancient massive construction with a square or rectangular base and four triangular sides meeting in an apex, such as those built as tombs in Egypt or as bases for temples in Mesoamerica. | A construction in the shape of a pyramid, usually with a square or rectangular base. | (geometry) A solid with triangular lateral faces and a polygonal (often square or rectangular) base.


lexentry: eng/pyramid_scheme__Noun__1
written_rep: pyramid scheme
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: финансовая пирами́да
sense_list:
An illicit money-making investment scheme whereby early investors are paid primarily or wholly by later investors. Eventually all such schemes fail to the detriment of recent (later) investors.


lexentry: eng/pyranose__Noun__1
written_rep: pyranose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пираноза
sense_list:
(chemistry) any cyclic hemiacetal form of a monosaccharide having a six-membered ring (based on tetrahydropyran)


lexentry: eng/pyrargyrite__Noun__1
written_rep: pyrargyrite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пираргирит
sense_list:
(mineral) A sulfosalt mineral used as a silver ore; it is dark red or black in color with a metallic adamantine luster, a sulfide of antimony and silver, Ag3SbS3, and occurs in rhombohedral crystals.


lexentry: eng/pyrex__Noun__1
written_rep: pyrex
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пирекс
sense_list:
A kind of heat-resistant borosilicate glass, made by mixing a high concentration of boron oxides into the molten glass to reduce its thermal expansion coefficient.


lexentry: eng/pyridine__Noun__1
written_rep: pyridine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пириди́н
sense_list:
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of five carbon atoms and a nitrogen atom; especially the simplest one, C5H5N.


lexentry: eng/pyrite__Noun__1
written_rep: pyrite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пири́т | пирит
sense_list:
(mineral) The common mineral iron disulfide (FeS2), of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system.


lexentry: eng/pyrochlore__Noun__1
written_rep: pyrochlore
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пирохлор
sense_list:
(mineral) A mineral whose composition is that of a mixed niobate mostly of sodium, calcium and cerium, (Na,Ca)2Nb2O6(OH,F).


lexentry: eng/pyroclastic__Adjective__1
written_rep: pyroclastic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пирокластический
sense_list:
(vulcanology) Mostly composed of rock fragments of volcanic origin or comminuted during an eruption.


lexentry: eng/pyroclastic_flow__Noun__1
written_rep: pyroclastic flow
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: пирокласти́ческий пото́к
sense_list:
(physics, uncountable, uncommon) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see pyroclastic,‎ flow: flow (uncountable) of pyroclastic particles.


lexentry: eng/pyrography__Noun__1
written_rep: pyrography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пирогра́фия
sense_list:
The freehanded art of decorating wood, leather or other materials with burn marks (resulting in surface burned designs) from the controlled application of a heated object or tool such as a poker.


lexentry: eng/pyrokinesis__Noun__1
written_rep: pyrokinesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пирокине́з
sense_list:
(parapsychology, fantasy, science fiction) The ability to set objects or people on fire or to supernaturally project fire from one's own being through the concentration of psychic power; the power to control fire.


lexentry: eng/pyroligneous_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: pyroligneous acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: древесноу́ксусная кислота́
sense_list:
(carboxylic acid) A dark liquid, produced by destructive distillation of wood; containing acetic acid, methanol, oils and tars; once used as a commercial source of acetic acid.


lexentry: eng/pyrolysis__Noun__1
written_rep: pyrolysis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пиро́лиз | пиролиз
sense_list:
(physical chemistry) The decomposition of a material or compound due to heat, in the absence of oxygen or other reagents.


lexentry: eng/pyromania__Noun__1
written_rep: pyromania
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пирома́ния | пиромания
sense_list:
(psychology) A compulsive disorder characterized by obsession with fire or uncontrollable urges to start fires.


lexentry: eng/pyrope__Noun__1
written_rep: pyrope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пиро́п
sense_list:
(mineral) A variety of garnet, of a poppy or blood-red color, frequently with a tinge of orange. It is used as a gemstone.


lexentry: eng/pyrotechnist__Noun__1
written_rep: pyrotechnist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пироте́хник
sense_list:
(dated) A pyrotechnician: person skilled in the manufacture or setting off of fireworks and firework displays.


lexentry: eng/pyroxene__Noun__1
written_rep: pyroxene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пироксе́н | пироксен
sense_list:
(mineral) Any of a group of crystalline minerals containing silicates of iron, magnesium and calcium.


lexentry: eng/pyroxenite__Noun__1
written_rep: pyroxenite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пироксени́т
sense_list:
(geology) A heavy, dark igneous rock consisting mostly of pyroxene minerals with smaller amounts of olivine and hornblende.


lexentry: eng/pyrrole__Noun__1
written_rep: pyrrole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пиррол
sense_list:
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of four carbon atoms and a nitrogen atom; especially the simplest one, C4H5N. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pyx__Noun__1
written_rep: pyx
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дароносица
sense_list:
(Roman Catholicism, also, figurative) A small, usually round container used to hold the host, especially when bringing communion to the sick or others unable to attend Mass.


lexentry: eng/qanun__Noun__1
written_rep: qanun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кано́н
sense_list:
(musical instrument) A Near Eastern and Caucasian musical instrument related to the zither, dulcimer, or harp having either 26 strings and a single bridge, or 42 strings and two bridges.


lexentry: eng/qibla__Noun__1
written_rep: qibla
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ки́бла | кы́бла
sense_list:
(Islam) The direction in which Muslims face while praying, currently determined as the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca.


lexentry: eng/qigong__Noun__1
written_rep: qigong
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цигу́н
sense_list:
(fitness, alternative medicine) A Chinese system of breathing control, physical exercise and meditation. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/qilin__Noun__1
written_rep: qilin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: цили́нь
sense_list:
A mythical Chinese hooved chimerical creature, said to appear in conjunction with the arrival of a sage.


lexentry: eng/qishlaq__Noun__1
written_rep: qishlaq
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кишла́к
sense_list:
A rural settlement (originally for the winter period) of seminomadic Turkic peoples of Central Asia, Azerbaijan and Afghanistan.


lexentry: eng/quack__Noun__2
written_rep: quack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: конова́л | шарлата́н
sense_list:
(pejorative) A fraudulent healer, especially a bombastic peddler in worthless treatments, a doctor who makes false diagnoses for monetary benefit, or an untrained or poorly trained doctor who uses fraudulent credentials to attract patients [from c. 1630]


lexentry: eng/quacksalver__Noun__1
written_rep: quacksalver
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шарлата́н
sense_list:
(archaic) One falsely claiming to possess medical or other skills, especially one who dispenses potions, ointments, etc., supposedly having curative powers; a quack. [from c. 1570]


lexentry: eng/quad_bike__Noun__1
written_rep: quad bike
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мотовездеход
sense_list:
A small off-road four-wheeled powered vehicle, especially of a design derived from a motorcycle, usually used for recreation or farm work.


lexentry: eng/quadrant__Noun__1
written_rep: quadrant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квадра́нт | квадрант
sense_list:
One of the four sections made by dividing an area with two perpendicular lines. | (mathematics) One of the four regions of the Cartesian plane bounded by the x-axis and y-axis. | (geometry) One fourth of a circle or disc; a sector with an angle of 90°. | (nautical) A measuring device with a graduated arc of 90° used in locating an altitude.


lexentry: eng/quadratic__Adjective__1
written_rep: quadratic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: квадра́тный
sense_list:
(mathematics) Of a polynomial, equation or function, second-degree: involving the second power (square) of a variable but no higher powers, as ax^2 + bx + c.


lexentry: eng/quadratic_equation__Noun__1
written_rep: quadratic equation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квадра́тное уравне́ние
sense_list:
(algebra) A polynomial equation of the second degree; an equation that can be rearranged in standard form as ax^2 + bx + c = 0, where x is an unknown value, a, b, and c are known numbers, and where a does not equal zero.


lexentry: eng/quadrature__Noun__1
written_rep: quadrature
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: квадрату́ра
sense_list:
(astronomy) A situation in which the directions of two celestial bodies (or a celestial body and the Sun) form a right angle from the perspective of the observer.


lexentry: eng/quadrature_amplitude_modulation__Noun__1
written_rep: quadrature amplitude modulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квадрату́рная амплиту́дная манипуля́ция
sense_list:
(radio) A modulation scheme that conveys data by applying amplitude modulation to two carrier waves at once. These two waves, usually sinusoids, are out of phase with each other by 90° and are thus called quadrature carriers. Commonly abbreviated QAM.


lexentry: eng/quadriceps_femoris__Noun__1
written_rep: quadriceps femoris
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квадрицепс
sense_list:
(anatomy) A group of four thigh muscles, including the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis muscles.


lexentry: eng/quadriga__Noun__1
written_rep: quadriga
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: квадри́га
sense_list:
(historical) A team of four horses, or sometimes other animals, especially as used in chariot racing.


lexentry: eng/quadrille__Noun__1
written_rep: quadrille
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кадри́ль
sense_list:
(dance) A dance originating in the mid-1700s with four couples forming a square, rather much like the modern square dance.


lexentry: eng/quadrillion__Numeral__1
written_rep: quadrillion
part_of_speech: numeral
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квадриллио́н
sense_list:
(US, modern British and Australian, short scale) A thousand trillion (logic: 1,000 × 1,0004): 1 followed by fifteen zeros, 1015.


lexentry: eng/quadrillion__Numeral__1
written_rep: quadrillion
part_of_speech: numeral
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: септиллио́н
sense_list:
(dated, UK, Australia, long scale) A million trillion (logic: 1,000,0004): 1 followed by twenty-four zeros, 1024.


lexentry: eng/quadrobics__Noun__1
written_rep: quadrobics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квадро́бика | квадро́бинг
sense_list:
Physical actions, movements, and exercises performed by an individual on all fours to mimic those of an animal.


lexentry: eng/quadruple_star__Noun__1
written_rep: quadruple star
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: четверна́я звезда́
sense_list:
(star) Four stars which form a stellar system, such that they orbit the point of equilibrium of their gravitational fields; a quadruple star system.


lexentry: eng/quadruplet__Noun__1
written_rep: quadruplet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: четверня
sense_list:
One of a group of four, particularly one of four babies born from the same mother during the same birth.


lexentry: eng/quadrupole__Noun__1
written_rep: quadrupole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квадрупо́ль
sense_list:
(physics) A distribution of either electric charge or magnetization equivalent to two dipoles that point in opposite directions.


lexentry: eng/quaff__Verb__1
written_rep: quaff
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
To drink or imbibe with vigour or relish; to drink copiously; to swallow in large draughts. [from mid-16th c.]

trans_list:
[[осуши́ть]] [[залп|за́лпом]] | глота́ть | глотну́ть | загла́тывать | пивну́ть | пить [[залп|за́лпом]]


lexentry: eng/quagga__Noun__1
written_rep: quagga
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ква́гга
sense_list:
A southern-African subspecies of plains zebra, Equus quagga quagga, which went extinct in 1883. The upper parts of the animal were reddish brown, becoming paler behind and beneath, while the face, neck, and fore part of the body were marked by dark stripes.


lexentry: eng/quail__Noun__1
written_rep: quail
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пе́репел | перепел
sense_list:
Any of various small game birds of the genera Coturnix, Anurophasis or Perdicula in the Old World family Phasianidae or of the New World family Odontophoridae.


lexentry: eng/quaking_grass__Noun__1
written_rep: quaking grass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: трясу́нка | трясунка
sense_list:
Any of the genus Briza of annual and perennial grasses, whose flowers and seedheads shake on their stalks in the slightest breeze.


lexentry: eng/qualification__Noun__1
written_rep: qualification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: квалифика́ция | квалификация
sense_list:
An ability or attribute that aids someone's chances of qualifying for something; specifically, completed professional training. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/qualification__Noun__1
written_rep: qualification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: дипло́м | сертифика́т
sense_list:
(UK) A certificate, diploma, or degree awarded after successful completion of a course, training, or exam.


lexentry: eng/qualitative__Adjective__1
written_rep: qualitative
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ка́чественный | качественный
sense_list:
Of descriptions or distinctions based on some quality rather than on some quantity. | (chemistry) Of a form of analysis that yields the identity of a compound.


lexentry: eng/quality__Adjective__1
written_rep: quality
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: высокока́чественный | доброка́чественный | ка́чественный | первокла́ссный
sense_list:
(occasionally, proscribed) (attributive) Being of good worth, well made, fit for purpose; of high quality.


lexentry: eng/quality__Noun__1
written_rep: quality
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: надёжность | качество
sense_list:
(uncountable) The degree to which a man-made object or system is free from faults and flaws, as opposed to scope of functions or quantity of items.


lexentry: eng/quality_control__Noun__1
written_rep: quality control
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: контро́ль ка́чества
sense_list:
A control, such as inspection or testing, introduced into an industrial or business process to ensure quality.


lexentry: eng/quality_of_life__Noun__1
written_rep: quality of life
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ка́чество жи́зни
sense_list:
The general well-being of someone, and the degree to which someone's daily experience is enjoyable or unenjoyable.


lexentry: eng/qualm__Noun__1
written_rep: qualm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: угрызе́ния со́вести
sense_list:
(now, negative polarity) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/quandary__Noun__1
written_rep: quandary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: затрудне́ние | затруднительное положе́ние | недоуме́ние
sense_list:
A state of not knowing what to decide; a state of difficulty or perplexity; a state of uncertainty, hesitation or puzzlement.


lexentry: eng/quango__Noun__1
written_rep: quango
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
(UK, government, often, derogatory) An organization that, although financed by a government, acts independently of it.

trans_list:
квазиавтономная неправительственная организа́ция | кванго | полуавтономная неправительственная организа́ция


lexentry: eng/quantifier__Noun__1
written_rep: quantifier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: квантор
sense_list:
(logic) An operator, such as the universal quantifier (written as ∀) or the existential quantifier (∃), used in predicate calculus to indicate the degree that predicate is true for a specified set.


lexentry: eng/quantify__Verb__1
written_rep: quantify
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: квантифици́ровать
sense_list:
(logic) To relate a statement (called a predicate) to a given set using a quantifier—either for all (denoted ∀) or there exists (denoted ∃).


lexentry: eng/quantile__Noun__1
written_rep: quantile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кванти́ль
sense_list:
(statistics) One of the class of values of a variate which divides the members of a batch or sample into equal-sized subgroups of adjacent values or a probability distribution into distributions of equal probability.


lexentry: eng/quantitative__Adjective__1
written_rep: quantitative
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коли́чественный | количественный
sense_list:
Of a measurements and data types: based on some quantity or number rather than on some quality. | (chemistry) Of a form of analysis, that determines the amount of some element or compound in a sample.


lexentry: eng/quantitative_easing__Noun__1
written_rep: quantitative easing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коли́чественное смягче́ние
sense_list:
(economics) A monetary policy in which the central bank increases the money supply in the banking system, as by purchasing bonds from banks.


lexentry: eng/quantitative_research__Noun__1
written_rep: quantitative research
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: количественное исследование
sense_list:
The systematic scientific investigation of quantitative properties and phenomena and their relationships, using statistical methods.


lexentry: eng/quantity__Noun__1
written_rep: quantity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: коли́чество | количество
sense_list:
A fundamental, generic term used when referring to the measurement (count, amount) of a scalar, vector, number of items or to some other way of denominating the value of a collection or group of items. | A specific measured amount. | A considerable measure or amount.


lexentry: eng/quantization__Noun__1
written_rep: quantization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дискретизация | квантование
sense_list:
(uncountable, signal processing) The process of approximating a continuous signal by a set of discrete symbols or integer values


lexentry: eng/quantum__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: квант | коли́чество
sense_list:
(physics) The smallest possible, and therefore indivisible, unit of a given quantity or quantifiable phenomenon. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/quantum_chromodynamics__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum chromodynamics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квантовая теория поля
sense_list:
(quantum mechanics) A quantum field theory in particle physics which describes the strong interaction of quarks and gluons employing the concept of color charge.


lexentry: eng/quantum_computer__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum computer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квантовый компьютер
sense_list:
(quantum computing) A computer that exploits quantum mechanical phenomena to transcend classical time complexity limitations.


lexentry: eng/quantum_computing__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum computing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ква́нтовое вычисле́ние
sense_list:
(computing) The use of quantum mechanical phenomena to transcend classical time complexity limitations in computing.


lexentry: eng/quantum_electrodynamics__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum electrodynamics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квантовая электродинамика
sense_list:
(physics) The study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with electrically charged matter within the framework of relativity and quantum mechanics.


lexentry: eng/quantum_entanglement__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum entanglement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квантовая запутанность
sense_list:
(quantum mechanics) A quantum mechanical phenomenon in which the quantum states of two or more objects have to be described with reference to each other, even though the individual objects are spatially separated.


lexentry: eng/quantum_field_theory__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum field theory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квантовая теория поля
sense_list:
(quantum mechanics) A theory of quantum fields; the result of applying second quantization to Classical Relativistic Field Theory.


lexentry: eng/quantum_gravity__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum gravity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квантовая гравитация
sense_list:
(quantum physics) A branch of theoretical physics aiming to unite quantum mechanics with general relativity.


lexentry: eng/quantum_leap__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum leap
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ква́нтовый скачо́к
sense_list:
(quantum mechanics) The discontinuous change of the state of an electron in an atom or molecule from one energy level to another.


lexentry: eng/quantum_mechanics__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum mechanics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ква́нтовая меха́ника | квантовая механика
sense_list:
(physics) The branch of physics which studies matter and energy at the level of atoms and other elementary particles, and substitutes probabilistic mechanisms in place of classical Newtonian ones.


lexentry: eng/quantum_number__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum number
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ква́нтовое число́
sense_list:
(quantum mechanics) One of certain integers or half-integers that specify the state of a quantum mechanical system (such as an electron in an atom).


lexentry: eng/quantum_teleportation__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum teleportation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ква́нтовая телепорта́ция
sense_list:
(quantum mechanics) the instantaneous transference of a quantum state to a distant location using quantum entanglement and the transmission of classical information


lexentry: eng/quantum_theory__Noun__1
written_rep: quantum theory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квантовая теория
sense_list:
(physics) A theory developed in the early 20th century, according to which nuclear and radiation phenomena can be explained by assuming that energy only occurs in discrete amounts called quanta.


lexentry: eng/quarantine__Noun__1
written_rep: quarantine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: изоля́тор | карантин
sense_list:
(historical) A 40-day period formerly imposed by the French king upon warring nobles during which they were forbidden from exacting revenge or continuing to fight. | A place where such isolation is enforced, a lazaret.


lexentry: eng/quarantine__Noun__1
written_rep: quarantine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: каранти́н | карантин
sense_list:
A period, instance, or state of isolation from the general public or from native livestock and flora enacted to prevent the spread of any contagious disease. | (figurative) A similar period, instance, or state of rigidly enforced or self-enforced detention or isolation.


lexentry: eng/quarantine__Noun__1
written_rep: quarantine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: карантин
sense_list:
(politics, figurative) A blockade of trade, suspension of diplomatic relations, or other action whereby one country seeks to isolate another.


lexentry: eng/quarantine_flag__Noun__1
written_rep: quarantine flag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жёлтый флаг | каранти́нный флаг
sense_list:
(nautical) A black and yellow flag (signal flag LIMA) formerly hoisted by a ship to show that it has contagious or infectious disease aboard, or by a ship that has been quarantined. This use was listed in Brown’s 1916 code of signals, but this use is no longer listed in contemporary editions of the International Code of Signals.


lexentry: eng/quark__Noun__1
written_rep: quark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кварк
sense_list:
(particle) In the Standard Model, one of a number of elementary subatomic particles having fractional electric charge that forms matter. They are theorized not to exist in isolation, but only in combinations in hadrons such as neutrons and protons or in quark–gluon plasmas.


lexentry: eng/quark__Noun__2
written_rep: quark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тво́рог | творо́г
sense_list:
A soft, creamy, unripened cheese made from cow's milk, originating from and eaten throughout central, northern, eastern, and southeastern Europe, as well as the Low Countries.


lexentry: eng/quarrel__Noun__2
written_rep: quarrel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: болт
sense_list:
(countable, archery, historical) An arrow or bolt for a crossbow or an arbalest, traditionally with the head square in its cross section.


lexentry: eng/quarrel__Verb__1
written_rep: quarrel
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: брани́ться | препира́ться | руга́ться | спо́рить | ссо́риться
sense_list:
(intransitive, also, figuratively) To argue fiercely; to contend; to squabble; to cease to be on friendly terms, to fall out.


lexentry: eng/quart__Noun__1
written_rep: quart
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ква́рта
sense_list:
A unit of liquid capacity equal to two pints; one-fourth (quarter) of a gallon. Equivalent to 1.136 liters in the UK and 0.946 liter (liquid quart) or 1.101 liters (dry quart) in the U.S.


lexentry: eng/quarter-day__Noun__1
written_rep: quarter-day
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квартальный день
sense_list:
(British) Each of the four days customarily regarded as starting a new quarter year, on which rents etc are often due.


lexentry: eng/quarter__Noun__1
written_rep: quarter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: (одна) четвёртая (часть) | кварта́л | че́тверть
sense_list:
(historical) A measure of length; originally a fourth part of an ell, now chiefly a fourth part of a yard. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/quarter__Noun__1
written_rep: quarter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кварта́л | че́тверть
sense_list:
(now, historical) A fourth part of the night; one of the watches or divisions of the night. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/quarter__Noun__1
written_rep: quarter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: четверта́к
sense_list:
(North America) A quarter-dollar, divided into 25 cents; the coin of that value minted in the United States or Canada. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/quarter__Noun__1
written_rep: quarter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: кварта́л
sense_list:
A division or section of a town or city, especially having a particular character of its own, or associated with a particular group etc. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/quarter_day__Noun__1
written_rep: quarter day
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квартальный день
sense_list:
Each of the four days customarily regarded as starting a new quarter year, formerly established as a time for rents and other payments to be due, tenancies to begin and end, and various meetings and assemblies to be held. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/quarterback__Noun__1
written_rep: quarterback
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квотербек
sense_list:
(American football, Canadian football) An offensive back whose primary job is to pass the ball in a play.


lexentry: eng/quarterfinal__Noun__1
written_rep: quarterfinal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: четвертьфина́л
sense_list:
(sports) One of the four competitions in a knockout tournament whose winners go on to play in the two semifinals.


lexentry: eng/quartermaster__Noun__1
written_rep: quartermaster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: интенда́нт | квартирме́йстер | старшина́-рулево́й
sense_list:
(military rank) An officer whose duty is to provide quarters, provisions, storage, clothing, fuel, stationery, and transportation for a regiment or other body of troops, and superintend the supplies. Master of quartering.


lexentry: eng/quartz__Noun__1
written_rep: quartz
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кварц
sense_list:
(mineral) The most abundant mineral on the earth's surface, of chemical composition silicon dioxide, SiO2. It occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous. Found in every environment.


lexentry: eng/quartz_halogen_lamp__Noun__1
written_rep: quartz halogen lamp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: галоге́нная ла́мпа
sense_list:
An incandescent light bulb in which the envelope is made of quartz instead of glass, and the filament is surrounded by an atmosphere of a halogen gas, usually iodine.


lexentry: eng/quasar__Noun__1
written_rep: quasar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кваза́р | квазар
sense_list:
(galaxy) An extragalactic object, starlike in appearance, that is among the most luminous and (putatively) the most distant objects in the universe.


lexentry: eng/quasiparticle__Noun__1
written_rep: quasiparticle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квазичастица
sense_list:
(particle) Any entity that has some characteristics of a distinct particle, but comprises a grouping of multiple particles


lexentry: eng/quaternion__Noun__1
written_rep: quaternion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: кватернион
sense_list:
(mathematics) A type of four-dimensional hypercomplex number consisting of a real part and three imaginary parts (real multiples of distinct, independent square roots of −1 denoted by i, j and k); commonly used in vector mathematics and as an alternative to matrix algebra in calculating the rotation of three-dimensional objects.


lexentry: eng/quattuordecillion__Numeral__1
written_rep: quattuordecillion
part_of_speech: numeral
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кваттордециллион | кваттуордециллион
sense_list:
(US, British, Australian, rare, short scale) 1045. | (dated, British, Australian, rare, long scale) 1084.


lexentry: eng/quattuorvigintillion__Numeral__1
written_rep: quattuorvigintillion
part_of_speech: numeral
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кваттуорвигинтиллион
sense_list:
(rare; US; modern British & Australian, short scale) 1075. | (rare; dated British & Australian, long scale) 10144.


lexentry: eng/quay__Noun__1
written_rep: quay
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мол | на́бережная | при́стань | прича́л
sense_list:
(nautical) A stone or concrete structure on navigable water used for loading and unloading vessels; a wharf.


lexentry: eng/qubit__Noun__1
written_rep: qubit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: куби́т
sense_list:
(quantum computing) A quantum bit; the basic unit of quantum information described by a superposition of two states; a quantum bit in a quantum computer capable of being in a state of superposition; A binary qudit.


lexentry: eng/quecto-__Prefix__1
written_rep: quecto-
part_of_speech: prefix
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квекто-
sense_list:
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−30 (short scale nonillionth or long scale quintillionth).


lexentry: eng/queen__Noun__1
written_rep: queen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: да́ма | короле́ва | королева | кра́ля | цари́ца
sense_list:
(cards) A playing card with a depiction of a queen on it, generally ranking next below the king and above the jack in a given suit.


lexentry: eng/queen__Noun__1
written_rep: queen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: ферзь | короле́ва | королева | дама
sense_list:
(chess) A chess piece that, under contemporary rules, is the most powerful, able to move any number of spaces horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.


lexentry: eng/queen_mother__Noun__1
written_rep: queen mother
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: короле́ва-мать | королева-мать
sense_list:
A widowed queen consort (a queen dowager) whose son or daughter from that marriage is the reigning monarch.


lexentry: eng/queer__Adjective__1
written_rep: queer
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: голубо́й | гомосексуали́ст
sense_list:
(colloquial, sometimes, pejorative) Non-heterosexual or non-cisgender: homosexual, bisexual, asexual, transgender, etc.


lexentry: eng/quell__Verb__1
written_rep: quell
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: подави́ть | подавля́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To subdue, put down, or silence (someone or something); to force (someone) to submit. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/quench__Verb__1
written_rep: quench
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ([[бы́стро]]) [[охлажда́ть]]
sense_list:
(transitive, metallurgy) To cool rapidly by direct contact with liquid coolant, as a blacksmith quenching hot iron.


lexentry: eng/quenching__Noun__1
written_rep: quenching
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: продольная качка
sense_list:
(metallurgy) The rapid cooling of a hot metal object, by placing it in a liquid, in order to harden it.


lexentry: eng/query_language__Noun__1
written_rep: query language
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: язы́к запро́сов
sense_list:
(databases, programming) Any of several generalized computer languages in which users may extract data from selected records in a database.


lexentry: eng/quesadilla__Noun__1
written_rep: quesadilla
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кесадилья
sense_list:
A Mexican dish made by filling a tortilla with cheese and sometimes other ingredients and then cooking it until the cheese is melted.


lexentry: eng/question__Noun__1
written_rep: question
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вопро́с | вопрос
sense_list:
A worded or expressed sentence, phrase, or only a word on its own, which asks for information, a reply, or a response; an interrogative.


lexentry: eng/question_mark__Noun__1
written_rep: question mark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вопроси́тельный знак | знак вопро́са
sense_list:
(typography) The punctuation mark "?", used at the end of a sentence to indicate a question. | Polygonia interrogationis, a North American nymphalid butterfly with a silver mark on the underside of its hindwing resembling a question mark (sense 1).


lexentry: eng/quetta-__Prefix__1
written_rep: quetta-
part_of_speech: prefix
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кветта-
sense_list:
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 1030 (a short scale nonillion or long scale quintillion).


lexentry: eng/queue__Noun__1
written_rep: queue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: о́чередь | стек
sense_list:
(computing) A data structure in which objects are added to one end, called the tail, and removed from the other, called the head (in the case of a FIFO queue). The term can also refer to a LIFO queue or stack where these ends coincide. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/queue__Noun__1
written_rep: queue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: коса́ | коси́чка | хвост
sense_list:
(now, _, historical) A men's hairstyle with a braid or ponytail at the back of the head, such as that worn by men in Imperial China. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/quibble__Noun__1
written_rep: quibble
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: приди́рка
sense_list:
An argument or objection based on an ambiguity of wording or similar trivial circumstance; a minor complaint. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/quiche__Noun__1
written_rep: quiche
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: киш
sense_list:
A pie made primarily of egg and cream, perhaps mixed with chopped meat or vegetables, in a pastry crust.


lexentry: eng/quick-and-dirty__Adjective__1
written_rep: quick-and-dirty
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: грубый | из говна́ и па́лок | на коленке | на скорую руку | халтурный
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Done or constructed in a hasty, approximate, temporarily adequate manner, but not exact, fully formed, or reliable for a long period of time.


lexentry: eng/quick_match__Noun__1
written_rep: quick match
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шнур
sense_list:
A pyrotechnic fuse consisting of a cotton string, coated with black powder, confined in a paper tube.


lexentry: eng/quicken__Verb__1
written_rep: quicken
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оживи́ть | уско́рить | ускоря́ть
sense_list:
(literary, also, figuratively) To give life to (someone or something never alive or once dead); to animate, to resurrect, to revive. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/quicklime__Noun__1
written_rep: quicklime
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жжёная и́звесть | негашёная и́звесть
sense_list:
Calcium oxide, which is produced by heating (calcining) limestone and gives slaked lime on treatment with water.


lexentry: eng/quill__Noun__1
written_rep: quill
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: игла́ | иго́лка
sense_list:
A sharply pointed, barbed, and easily detached needle-like structure that grows on the skin of a porcupine or hedgehog as a defense against predators. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/quill__Noun__1
written_rep: quill
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: [[ство́л]] [[перо|пера́]] | гуси́ное перо́ | перо́
sense_list:
Something having the form of a quill, such as the fold or plain of a ruff, or (weaving) a spindle, or spool, upon which the thread for the woof is wound in a shuttle.


lexentry: eng/quillback__Noun__1
written_rep: quillback
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перина
sense_list:
Carpiodes cyprinus, a freshwater fish of the sucker family with a long filament that extends back from the dorsal fin, native to the eastern and central United States.


lexentry: eng/quillon__Noun__1
written_rep: quillon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кильон
sense_list:
Synonym of crossguard (“a metal bar fixed between, and at right angles to, the blade and the handle of a sword or other bladed weapon that stops an opponent's similar weapon from sliding along the blade and injuring the hand of the person wielding the sword”). | (chiefly, in the plural) Either of the two arms of a crossguard.


lexentry: eng/quilt__Noun__1
written_rep: quilt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пери́на
sense_list:
A bed covering consisting of two layers of fabric stitched together, with insulation between, often having a decorative design.


lexentry: eng/quilted__Adjective__1
written_rep: quilted
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: стёганый
sense_list:
Having the characteristics of a quilt; specifically, having two layers of cloth sewn together, with a layer of padding between them.


lexentry: eng/quinceañera__Noun__1
written_rep: quinceañera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кинсеанье́ра
sense_list:
(chiefly, US) The fifteenth birthday and particularly the celebration and ceremony surrounding it for a young Latina woman.


lexentry: eng/quindecillion__Numeral__1
written_rep: quindecillion
part_of_speech: numeral
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квиндециллион
sense_list:
(rare, US, modern, _, British, and, Australian) 1048. | (rare, dated, British, _, &, _, Australian) 1090.


lexentry: eng/quinine__Noun__1
written_rep: quinine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хини́н | хинин
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) An alkaloid with the chemical formula C20H24N2O2, originally derived from cinchona bark (from plants of the genus Cinchona), used to treat malaria and as an ingredient of tonic water, which presents as a bitter colourless powder; also, a drug containing quinine or a chemical compound derived from it. [from early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/quinoline__Noun__1
written_rep: quinoline
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хинолин
sense_list:
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a benzene ring fused with a pyridine ring; especially the simplest such compound, C9H7N.


lexentry: eng/quinsy__Noun__1
written_rep: quinsy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: анги́на | жа́ба
sense_list:
(medicine) A peritonsillar abscess; a painful pus-filled inflammation or abscess of the tonsils and surrounding tissues, usually a complication of tonsillitis, caused by bacterial infection and often accompanied by fever.


lexentry: eng/quintessence__Noun__1
written_rep: quintessence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квинтэссе́нция | квинтэссенция
sense_list:
A thing that is the most perfect example of its type; the most perfect embodiment of something; epitome, prototype.


lexentry: eng/quintessential__Adjective__1
written_rep: quintessential
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: существенный | типи́чный
sense_list:
Of the nature of a quintessence (in all senses); being or relating to the ultimate essence of something.


lexentry: eng/quintet__Noun__1
written_rep: quintet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квинте́т
sense_list:
(music) A composition (a type of chamber music) in five parts (typically each a singer or instrumentalist, sometimes several musicians) | (music) A group of five musicians, fit to play such a piece of music together


lexentry: eng/quintillion__Numeral__1
written_rep: quintillion
part_of_speech: numeral
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: квинтиллио́н | квинтиллион
sense_list:
(US, modern British and Australian, short scale) A billion billion: 1 followed by eighteen zeros, 1018.


lexentry: eng/quire__Noun__1
written_rep: quire
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: десть
sense_list:
One-twentieth of a ream of paper; a collection of twenty-four or twenty-five sheets of paper of the same size and quality, unfolded or having a single fold.


lexentry: eng/quire__Noun__1
written_rep: quire
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: тетрадь
sense_list:
(bookbinding) A set of leaves which are stitched together, originally a set of four pieces of paper (eight leaves, sixteen pages). This is most often a single signature (i.e. group of four), but may be several nested signatures.


lexentry: eng/quirk__Noun__1
written_rep: quirk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: загоны | особенность | причу́да | тараканы в голове
sense_list:
An idiosyncrasy; a slight glitch, a mannerism; something unusual about the manner or style of something or someone.


lexentry: eng/quit__Verb__1
written_rep: quit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: бро́сить | броса́ть | уво́литься | увольня́ться | уйти́ | уходи́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To set at rest; to free, as from anything harmful or oppressive; to relieve; to clear; to liberate.


lexentry: eng/quitrent__Noun__1
written_rep: quitrent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обро́к
sense_list:
(law, taxation) A rent reserved in grants of land, by the payment of which the tenant is quit (absolved) from other service.


lexentry: eng/quiver__Noun__1
written_rep: quiver
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колча́н | дрожь | тре́пет | тул
sense_list:
(weaponry) A container for arrows, crossbow bolts or darts, such as those fired from a bow, crossbow or blowgun.


lexentry: eng/quixotic__Adjective__1
written_rep: quixotic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: донкихо́тский
sense_list:
Resembling or characteristic of the Spanish chivalric hero Don Quixote; possessed with or resulting from the desire to do noble and romantic deeds, without thought of realism and practicality.


lexentry: eng/quixotism__Noun__1
written_rep: quixotism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: донкихо́тство
sense_list:
A form of idealism and delusion which leads to extravagant and absurd undertakings or sacrifices in obedience to a morbidly romantic ideal of duty or honor, as illustrated by the exploits of Don Quixote in knight-errantry.


lexentry: eng/quoll__Noun__1
written_rep: quoll
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пятнистые сумчатые куницы
sense_list:
Any of the various carnivorous marsupials of the genus Dasyurus found in Australia and New Guinea, roughly the size of a cat.


lexentry: eng/quorum__Noun__1
written_rep: quorum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кво́рум | кворум
sense_list:
The minimum number of members required for a group to officially conduct business and to cast votes, often but not necessarily a majority or supermajority.


lexentry: eng/quotation_marks__Noun__1
written_rep: quotation marks
part_of_speech: noun
trans_list: « | » | кавы́чки | “ | „
sense_list:
Note: These languages use “◌”-style marks or other styles as indicated. Some are singular and some plural.


lexentry: eng/quote__Noun__1
written_rep: quote
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: A summary of work to be done with a set price; a quotation.
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list:
[[назначенный|назна́ченная]] [[цена́]] | [[предложе́ние]] [[цена|цены́]] | « | » | кавы́чка | кавы́чки


lexentry: eng/quote__Noun__1
written_rep: quote
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: котиро́вка
sense_list:
A price set and offered (by the potential seller) for a financial security or commodity; a quotation.


lexentry: eng/quote_unquote__Adjective__1
written_rep: quote unquote
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: в кавычках
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Emphasizes the following (or sometimes preceding) word or phrase for irony, or marks it as not the normal sense of the term. Used almost exclusively in spoken language. In written language, quotation marks would be used instead.


lexentry: eng/quotidian__Adjective__1
written_rep: quotidian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: бана́льный | заурядный | избитый | неоригинальный
sense_list:
Having the characteristics of something which can be seen, experienced, etc, every day or very commonly. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/quotidian__Noun__1
written_rep: quotidian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бана́льность | избитость | маляри́я с ежедневными приступами | неоригинальность
sense_list:
(medicine, now, _, rare, historical) A fever which recurs every day; quotidian malaria. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/quotidian__Noun__1
written_rep: quotidian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: бана́льность | избитость | неоригинальность | суточная но́рма рациона | суточное дово́льствие
sense_list:
(Anglicanism, historical) A daily allowance formerly paid to certain members of the clergy. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/quotient__Noun__1
written_rep: quotient
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ча́стное | частное
sense_list:
(arithmetic) The number (either a fraction or an integer) resulting from the division of one number by another.


lexentry: eng/quotient__Noun__1
written_rep: quotient
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: результат | частное
sense_list:
(mathematics) By analogy, the result of any process that is the inverse of multiplication as defined for any mathematical entities other than numbers.


lexentry: eng/rabbet__Noun__1
written_rep: rabbet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шпу́нт
sense_list:
A longitudinal channel, groove, or recess cut out of the edge or face of a plank of wood or other material; especially, one intended to fit another member to form a joint.


lexentry: eng/rabbit__Noun__1
written_rep: rabbit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кро́лик | крольчи́ха | кролик
sense_list:
A mammal of most genera of the family Leporidae, with long ears, long hind legs and a short, fluffy tail.


lexentry: eng/rabbit_hole__Noun__1
written_rep: rabbit hole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: лабиринт
sense_list:
(by extension) A time-consuming tangent or detour, often one from which it is difficult to extricate oneself.


lexentry: eng/rabbit_hole__Noun__1
written_rep: rabbit hole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: берлога
sense_list:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see rabbit,‎ hole. The entrance to a rabbit warren or burrow; the whole warren or burrow.


lexentry: eng/rabble_rouser__Noun__1
written_rep: rabble rouser
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: подстрекатель
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Someone or something that tends to inspire mobs; something controversial or provocative.


lexentry: eng/rabies__Noun__1
written_rep: rabies
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бе́шенство | бешенство
sense_list:
(disease) An infectious disease caused by species of Lyssavirus that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals and people, characterised by abnormal behaviour such as biting, excitement, aggressiveness, and dementia, followed by paralysis and death.


lexentry: eng/rabiz__Noun__1
written_rep: rabiz
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: раби́з
sense_list:
(music) A popular modern Armenian music style that shows Middle Eastern influences and is related to Russian blatnyak and Azerbaijani mugham. Most of the songs have a 6/8 rhythm.


lexentry: eng/raccoon__Noun__1
written_rep: raccoon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ено́т | ено́т-полоску́н
sense_list:
An omnivorous, nocturnal mammal native to the Americas, of the genus Procyon, typically with a mixture of gray, brown, and black fur, a mask-like marking around the eyes and a striped tail.


lexentry: eng/raccoon__Noun__1
written_rep: raccoon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ено́т | енот
sense_list:
Any mammal of the subfamily Procyoninae, a procyonine. | Any mammal of the family Procyonidae, a procyonid.


lexentry: eng/raccoon_dog__Noun__1
written_rep: raccoon dog
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: енотови́дная соба́ка | енотовидная собака
sense_list:
A canid of the genus Nyctereutes, native to East Asia and widely introduced elsewhere in other cool parts of Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/race__Noun__1
written_rep: race
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: го́нка | гонка
sense_list:
A contest between people, animals, vehicles, etc. where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective.


lexentry: eng/race__Noun__1
written_rep: race
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: [[пове́рхность]] [[качение|каче́ния]]
sense_list:
(engineering) A ring with a groove in which rolling elements (such as balls) ride, forming part of a rolling-element bearing (for example, a ball bearing).


lexentry: eng/race__Noun__2
written_rep: race
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: порода
sense_list:
A group of sentient beings, particularly people, distinguished by common ancestry, heritage or characteristics (see Wikipedia's article on historical definitions of race): | (animal husbandry) A breed or strain of domesticated animal.


lexentry: eng/race__Noun__2
written_rep: race
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ра́са
sense_list:
A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage. | A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of common physical characteristics, such as skin color or hair type. | A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of shared characteristics or qualities, for example social qualities.


lexentry: eng/raceme__Noun__1
written_rep: raceme
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кисть
sense_list:
(botany) An indeterminate inflorescence in which the flowers are arranged along a single central axis.


lexentry: eng/racemic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: racemic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: виногра́дная кислота́ | рацеми́ческая ви́нная кислота́
sense_list:
(carboxylic acid) an equal mixture of the d- and l- forms of tartaric acid found in grape juice; the isomers can be separated via crystallization


lexentry: eng/racewalking__Noun__1
written_rep: racewalking
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: спорти́вная ходьба́
sense_list:
(sports) A sport in which people try to walk as fast as possible, subject to the constraint that at least one foot must be on the ground at all time (or else they would be running).


lexentry: eng/racially__Adverb__1
written_rep: racially
part_of_speech: adverb
sense_list: Relating to race.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
на [[почва|по́чве]] [[расизм|раси́зма]] | на [[расовый|ра́совой]] [[почва|по́чве]] | по [[расовый|ра́совому]] [[признак|при́знаку]] | ра́сово


lexentry: eng/racism__Noun__1
written_rep: racism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: раси́зм | расизм
sense_list:
Prejudice or discrimination based upon race or ethnicity; (countable) an action of such discrimination.


lexentry: eng/racist__Noun__1
written_rep: racist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: раси́ст | раси́стка
sense_list:
A person who believes in or supports racism; a person who believes that a particular race is superior to others, or who discriminates against other races.


lexentry: eng/rack__Noun__1
written_rep: rack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ды́ба | дыба
sense_list:
(historical) A device, incorporating a ratchet, used to torture victims by stretching them beyond their natural limits.


lexentry: eng/rack_and_pinion__Noun__1
written_rep: rack and pinion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[реечный|реечная́]] [[переда́ча]] | кремалье́ра
sense_list:
A pair of gears, consisting of a circular pinion that engages with the teeth of a flat bar, that converts rotational into linear motion; used in the steering mechanism of cars, and in some railways.


lexentry: eng/racket__Noun__1
written_rep: racket
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: раке́тка
sense_list:
(countable, sports) An implement with a handle connected to a round frame strung with wire, sinew, or plastic cords, and used to hit a ball, such as in tennis or a shuttlecock in badminton.


lexentry: eng/racketeer__Noun__1
written_rep: racketeer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: банди́т | вымога́тель | жу́лик | моше́нник | рэкети́р
sense_list:
One who commits crimes (especially fraud, bribery, loansharking, extortion etc.) to aid in running a shady or illegal business.


lexentry: eng/racquetball__Noun__1
written_rep: racquetball
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ракетбол
sense_list:
(uncountable) A certain sport, similar to squash, but played with a bigger ball. | (countable) A ball used for this sport.


lexentry: eng/ractopamine__Noun__1
written_rep: ractopamine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рактопами́н
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug used as a feed additive to promote leanness in pigs raised for their meat.


lexentry: eng/radar__Noun__1
written_rep: radar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: РЛС | рада́р | радиолока́тор
sense_list:
(uncountable) A method of detecting distant objects and determining their position, velocity, or other characteristics by analysis of sent radio waves (usually microwaves) reflected from their surfaces.


lexentry: eng/radian__Noun__1
written_rep: radian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиан
sense_list:
(geometry) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of plane angle: the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc of its circumference equal in length to the radius of the circle.


lexentry: eng/radiance__Noun__1
written_rep: radiance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: излуче́ние
sense_list:
(physics) The flux of radiation emitted per unit solid angle in a given direction by a unit area of a source.


lexentry: eng/radiation__Noun__1
written_rep: radiation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: излуче́ние | излучение
sense_list:
The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like diverging rays of light. | The process of radiating waves or particles.


lexentry: eng/radiation_sickness__Noun__1
written_rep: radiation sickness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лучевая боле́знь
sense_list:
(medicine, pathology) Any illness produced by ionizing radiation with symptoms ranging from nausea to death.


lexentry: eng/radiator__Noun__1
written_rep: radiator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: радиа́тор | радиатор
sense_list:
(automotive, mechanical) A device that lowers engine coolant temperature by conducting heat to the air, through metal fins.


lexentry: eng/radical__Adjective__1
written_rep: radical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: корнево́й
sense_list:
(botany, not comparable) Pertaining to a root (of a plant). | (lexicography, not comparable) Of or pertaining to the root of a word.


lexentry: eng/radical__Noun__1
written_rep: radical
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: радика́л
sense_list:
(historical, early 20th-century France) A member of an influential, centrist political party favouring moderate social reform, a republican constitution, and secular politics. | (chemistry) A group of atoms, joined by covalent bonds, that take part in reactions as a single unit. | (organic chemistry) A free radical.


lexentry: eng/radical__Noun__1
written_rep: radical
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: ключ | радика́л
sense_list:
(linguistics) In logographic writing systems such as the Chinese writing system, the portion of a character (if any) that provides an indication of its meaning, as opposed to phonetic.


lexentry: eng/radical__Noun__1
written_rep: radical
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: ко́рень | радика́л
sense_list:
(linguistics) In Semitic languages, any one of the set of consonants (typically three) that make up a root.


lexentry: eng/radio__Noun__1
written_rep: radio
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ра́дио | радиовеща́ние | радио
sense_list:
(uncountable) The technology that allows for the transmission of sound or other signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves.


lexentry: eng/radio__Noun__1
written_rep: radio
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: радиоприёмник | ра́дио | радио
sense_list:
(countable) A device that can capture (receive) the signal sent over radio waves and render the modulated signal as sound.


lexentry: eng/radio__Verb__1
written_rep: radio
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ради́ровать
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To use two-way radio to transmit (a message) (to another radio or other radio operator).


lexentry: eng/radio_amateur__Noun__1
written_rep: radio amateur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиолюби́тель
sense_list:
A person who practises the hobby of amateur radio. Radio amateurs must possess a licence issued by the relevant authority in the country in which they live, and must pass an exam before they can obtain a licence to operate.


lexentry: eng/radio_beacon__Noun__1
written_rep: radio beacon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиомая́к
sense_list:
(communication, aviation, nautical, navigation) A beacon that emits radio wave signals to guide ships or aircraft or to indicate the position of a ship, aircraft, or other object, person, or vehicle.


lexentry: eng/radio_button__Noun__1
written_rep: radio button
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: радиокно́пка
sense_list:
(graphical user interface) Any of a group of widgets in a graphical user interface that is used to select one of a group of options; the selection of any one deselects the others.


lexentry: eng/radio_drama__Noun__1
written_rep: radio drama
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиопостано́вка
sense_list:
Dramatized, purely acoustic performance, broadcast on radio or published on audio media, such as tape or CD.


lexentry: eng/radio_interferometer__Noun__1
written_rep: radio interferometer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиоинтерферометр
sense_list:
A radio telescope that has two or more separated receiving antennas in order to measure angular distances as small as one second of arc


lexentry: eng/radio_silence__Noun__1
written_rep: radio silence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: радиомолча́ние
sense_list:
(figurative) A period of time during which nothing is heard from a person or organization, especially when such communication would normally be expected.


lexentry: eng/radio_station__Noun__1
written_rep: radio station
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиоста́нция | радиостанция
sense_list:
An installation of a radio transmitter, and possibly a receiver, for the purpose of broadcasting or communication.


lexentry: eng/radio_telescope__Noun__1
written_rep: radio telescope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиотелеско́п | радиотелескоп
sense_list:
(astronomy) A device for observing astronomical sources of radio waves, normally having one or more large parabolic dishes.


lexentry: eng/radio_wave__Noun__1
written_rep: radio wave
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиоволна́ | радиоизлуче́ние
sense_list:
(physics) electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between about .5 centimeters and 30,000 meters; used for the broadcasting of radio and television signals.


lexentry: eng/radioactivity__Noun__1
written_rep: radioactivity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиоакти́вность | радиоактивность
sense_list:
Spontaneous emission of ionizing radiation as a consequence of a nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus. | The radiation so emitted; including gamma rays, alpha particles, neutrons, electrons, positrons, etc.


lexentry: eng/radiocarbon_dating__Noun__1
written_rep: radiocarbon dating
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиоуглеродное датирование
sense_list:
(physics, archaeology, paleontology) A method of estimating the age of an artifact or biological vestige based on the relative amounts of the different isotopes of carbon present in a sample.


lexentry: eng/radiogram__Noun__2
written_rep: radiogram
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиогра́мма
sense_list:
(telegraphy, historical) Synonym of radiotelegram (“a message, like a telegram, transmitted by wireless telegraphy”).


lexentry: eng/radiograph__Noun__1
written_rep: radiograph
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рентге́н | рентге́новский сни́мок | рентгеногра́мма
sense_list:
An image, often a photographic negative, produced by radiation other than visible light; especially an X-ray photograph.


lexentry: eng/radiological_weapon__Noun__1
written_rep: radiological weapon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиологи́ческое ору́жие
sense_list:
A weapon, often a bomb, designed to achieve injury or contamination of a target by dispersing harmful radioisotopes.


lexentry: eng/radiology__Noun__1
written_rep: radiology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиоло́гия | рентгеноло́гия | радиология
sense_list:
(medicine) The specialty of medical imaging and its interpretation, originally and especially radiography#Noun but now including all imaging modalities, including ones that use no radiation#Noun (such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging).


lexentry: eng/radiosonde__Noun__1
written_rep: radiosonde
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радиозо́нд
sense_list:
A miniature radio carried aloft (e.g. by an uncrewed balloon, an airdrop from a crewed aircraft, or a sounding rocket) to automatically transmit measurements of the upper air such as the wind speed, pressure, temperature, and relative humidity to a receiving station on the ground.


lexentry: eng/radish__Noun__1
written_rep: radish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реди́с | ре́дька | реди́ска
sense_list:
A plant of the Brassicaceae family, Raphanus sativus or Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, having an edible root.


lexentry: eng/radium__Noun__1
written_rep: radium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ра́дий | радий
sense_list:
The chemical element (symbol Ra) with an atomic number of 88. It is a soft, shiny and silvery radioactive alkaline earth metal.


lexentry: eng/radius_of_curvature__Noun__1
written_rep: radius of curvature
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ра́диус кривизны́
sense_list:
(mathematics, for any point on a curve) The radius of the osculating circle at the point on the curve


lexentry: eng/radon__Noun__1
written_rep: radon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радо́н | радон
sense_list:
The chemical element (symbol Rn, formerly Ro) with atomic number 86. It is an odorless, colorless, chemically inert but radioactive noble gas.


lexentry: eng/raffinose__Noun__1
written_rep: raffinose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рафиноза
sense_list:
(carbohydrate) A trisaccharide, composed of galactose, glucose and fructose, that is widely distributed in many plants.


lexentry: eng/raft__Noun__1
written_rep: raft
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: плот | рафт
sense_list:
A flat-bottomed craft able to float and drift on water, used for transport or as a waterborne platform.


lexentry: eng/rafter__Noun__1
written_rep: rafter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ба́лка | стропи́ло
sense_list:
(architecture) One of a series of sloped beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the downslope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads.


lexentry: eng/rafting__Noun__1
written_rep: rafting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[спорти́вный]] сплав | ра́фтинг
sense_list:
The sport of guiding a raft while descending a river, especially through rapids known as white water rafting.


lexentry: eng/rag__Noun__1
written_rep: rag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: тряпьё | тря́пка | ве́тошь | лоску́т | лохмо́тья
sense_list:
A piece of old cloth, especially one used for cleaning, patching, etc.; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred or tatter.


lexentry: eng/rag__Verb__3
written_rep: rag
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: брани́ть
sense_list:
To scold or tell off; to torment; to banter. | To tease or torment, especially at a university; to bully, to haze.


lexentry: eng/ragdoll__Noun__1
written_rep: ragdoll
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рэгдо́лл
sense_list:
A modern American breed of domestic cat with a longhair colourpoint coat that relaxes completely when picked up.


lexentry: eng/ragman__Noun__1
written_rep: ragman
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ве́тошник
sense_list:
A person who collects and sells unwanted household items such as rags and other refuse for a living, a rag and bone man.


lexentry: eng/ragpicker__Noun__1
written_rep: ragpicker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тряпичник
sense_list:
A person who collects and sells unwanted household items such as rags and other refuse for a living, a rag and bone man (UK) or ragman (US).


lexentry: eng/ragweed__Noun__1
written_rep: ragweed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амбро́зия
sense_list:
A plant of the genus Ambrosia. These weeds are particularly noted for producing pollen that triggers hay fever.


lexentry: eng/ragwort__Noun__1
written_rep: ragwort
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кресто́вник
sense_list:
Any of a number of wild flowering plants with yellow flowers in the family Asteraceae, mostly belonging to Senecio and related genera.


lexentry: eng/raid__Noun__1
written_rep: raid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: налёт | обла́ва | рейд
sense_list:
(law enforcement) An attack or invasion for the purpose of making arrests, seizing property, or plundering.


lexentry: eng/raider__Noun__1
written_rep: raider
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: налётчик | налётчица | ре́йдер
sense_list:
(business) A person who takes or attempts to take control of a firm against the will of current management by purchasing a controlling interest of stock and acquiring proxies.


lexentry: eng/rail_spike__Noun__1
written_rep: rail spike
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: косты́ль
sense_list:
(rail transport) A type of large nail with an offset head used to fasten a rail or base plate to a wooden railroad tie/sleeper.


lexentry: eng/rail_transport__Noun__1
written_rep: rail transport
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: железная дорога
sense_list:
The transport of passengers and goods by means of wheeled vehicles that are specially designed to run on railways or railroads.


lexentry: eng/rail_yard__Noun__1
written_rep: rail yard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: парк путей
sense_list:
A complex of branching railway lines and other infrastructure in which locomotives and rolling stock are stored and rearranged.


lexentry: eng/railcar__Noun__1
written_rep: railcar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: автодрези́на | автомотри́са
sense_list:
(rail) A powered single railway vehicle designed for passenger transport, with a driver's cab in both ends; Not to be confused with motor coach/motorcar, which is a powered railway vehicle capable to haul a train.


lexentry: eng/railgun__Noun__1
written_rep: railgun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ре́льсовая пу́шка | рельсотро́н
sense_list:
An electromagnetic gun that uses a large electrical current to propel a projectile down a track of two parallel conductive rails.


lexentry: eng/railroad_tie__Noun__1
written_rep: railroad tie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: шпа́ла
sense_list:
(rail transport, US) A heavy, preserved piece of hewn timber laid crossways to and supporting the rails of a railroad or a member of similar shape and function of another material such as concrete.


lexentry: eng/railroad_track__Noun__1
written_rep: railroad track
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: железнодоро́жное полотно́ | железнодоро́жный путь
sense_list:
(US, rail) A pair of formed steel rails, separated and supported usually on wooden or concrete ties or sleepers, forming a track along which flange-wheeled railroad vehicles may travel.


lexentry: eng/railway__Noun__1
written_rep: railway
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: желе́зная доро́га | железная дорога
sense_list:
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, and, Commonwealth) A transport system using rails used to move passengers or goods.


lexentry: eng/railway_gun__Noun__1
written_rep: railway gun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: железнодоро́жная артилле́рия
sense_list:
(military) A massive and heavy mobile artillery gun, built, transported by, and fired from a specially designed rail car.


lexentry: eng/rain__Noun__1
written_rep: rain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дождь
sense_list:
(meteorology) Condensed water falling from a cloud. | (figuratively) Any matter moving or falling, usually through air, and especially if liquid or otherwise figuratively identifiable with raindrops.


lexentry: eng/rain_on_someone's_parade__Verb__1
written_rep: rain on someone's parade
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ло́жка дёгтя
sense_list:
(figuratively) To disappoint or discourage someone by ruining or criticizing their plans or aspirations.


lexentry: eng/rainbow__Noun__1
written_rep: rainbow
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ра́дуга | радуга | весёлка
sense_list:
A multicoloured arch in the sky, produced by prismatic refraction of light within droplets of rain in the air.


lexentry: eng/rainbow_flag__Noun__1
written_rep: rainbow flag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: радужный флаг
sense_list:
A rainbow-striped flag, typically consisting of six horizontal bars (from top to bottom: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet), used as a symbol of LGBT pride and LGBT social movements.


lexentry: eng/rainbow_trout__Noun__1
written_rep: rainbow trout
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мики́жа | ра́дужная форе́ль
sense_list:
(usually, countable) A trout of the species Oncorhynchus mykiss, that has black spots and a pink streak running along the body.


lexentry: eng/rainstick__Noun__1
written_rep: rainstick
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рейнстик
sense_list:
A hollow tube partially filled with pebbles or beans, and with small pins or thorns arranged helically on its inner surface, so that it produces a rain-like sound when upended.


lexentry: eng/rainwater__Noun__1
written_rep: rainwater
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: дождева́я вода́ | дождевая вода
sense_list:
Water (for a house, etc.) sourced from rain which has not joined a spring, stream or river, pond, lake or sea.


lexentry: eng/raise__Verb__1
written_rep: raise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: снима́ть | снять
sense_list:
(military) To remove or break up (a blockade), either by withdrawing the ships or forces employed in enforcing it, or by driving them away or dispersing them. | (military, transitive) To relinquish (a siege), or cause this to be done.


lexentry: eng/raise__Verb__1
written_rep: raise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: рейз
sense_list:
(poker, intransitive) To respond to a bet by increasing the amount required to continue in the hand.


lexentry: eng/raise_the_bar__Verb__1
written_rep: raise the bar
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: подня́ть планку
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To raise standards or expectations, especially by creating something to a higher standard.


lexentry: eng/raising__Noun__1
written_rep: raising
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: коллекция
sense_list:
Collection or gathering, especially of money. | The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of forming it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning.


lexentry: eng/raison_d'être__Noun__1
written_rep: raison d'être
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: смысл существова́ния
sense_list:
A reason for being; the claimed reason for the existence of something or someone; the sole or ultimate purpose of something or someone.


lexentry: eng/rake__Noun__1
written_rep: rake
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гра́бли | грабли
sense_list:
(agriculture, horticulture) A garden tool with a row of pointed teeth fixed to a long handle, used for collecting debris, grass, etc., for flattening the ground, or for loosening soil; also, a similar wheel-mounted tool drawn by a horse or a tractor.


lexentry: eng/rake__Noun__5
written_rep: rake
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: наклон | уклон
sense_list:
A divergence from the horizontal or perpendicular; a slant, a slope. | A slant that causes the bow or stern of a watercraft to extend beyond the keel; also, the upper part of the bow or stern that extends beyond the keel.


lexentry: eng/rake__Verb__1
written_rep: rake
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сгребать | собирать
sense_list:
(ambitransitive, also, figurative) To move (a beam of light, a glance with the eyes, etc.) across (something) with a long side-to-side motion; specifically (often, military) to use a weapon to fire at (something) with a side-to-side motion; to spray with gunfire. | To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.


lexentry: eng/rakija__Noun__1
written_rep: rakija
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ра́кия
sense_list:
A strong distilled alcoholic beverage made from various fruits, varieties of which (such as slivovitz) are found across the Balkans and the Mediterranean.


lexentry: eng/rakish__Adjective__1
written_rep: rakish
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: благодушный
sense_list:
Dashingly, carelessly, or sportingly unconventional or stylish; jaunty; characterized by a devil-may-care unconventionality; having a somewhat disreputable quality or appearance.


lexentry: eng/rakshasa__Noun__1
written_rep: rakshasa
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ракша́са
sense_list:
(Hinduism) A member of a race of mythical fanged demons that eat human flesh and blood, somewhat like vampires.


lexentry: eng/rale__Noun__1
written_rep: rale
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: хрип
sense_list:
(medicine, now, chiefly, in plural) An abnormal clicking, rattling or crackling sound, made by one or both lungs and heard with a stethoscope, caused by the popping open of airways collapsed by fluid or exudate, or sometimes by pulmonary edema.


lexentry: eng/rally__Noun__1
written_rep: rally
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ми́тинг | ра́лли
sense_list:
A public gathering or mass meeting that is not mainly a protest and is organized to inspire enthusiasm for a cause.


lexentry: eng/rally__Noun__1
written_rep: rally
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: автора́лли | ра́лли
sense_list:
(motor racing) An event in which competitors drive through a series of timed special stages at intervals. The winner is the driver who completes all stages with the shortest cumulative time.


lexentry: eng/rally__Verb__1
written_rep: rally
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сплачивать
sense_list:
(transitive) To collect, and reduce to order, as troops dispersed or thrown into confusion; to gather again; to reunite.


lexentry: eng/ram__Verb__1
written_rep: ram
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тара́нить
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To collide with (an object), usually with the intention of damaging it or disabling its function.


lexentry: eng/ramble__Verb__1
written_rep: ramble
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: бормотать | запутался в словах | пробормотать | путать слова
sense_list:
(often with on, about, or both) To talk or write incessantly, unclearly, or incoherently, with many digressions.


lexentry: eng/ramie__Noun__1
written_rep: ramie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рами
sense_list:
(usually, countable) A tall, tropical Asian perennial herb, of species Boehmeria nivea, cultivated for its fibrous stems. | (usually, uncountable) The fibre extracted from this plant known especially for its ability to hold shape, reduce wrinkling, and introduce a silky lustre used to make textiles, fishing nets, upholstery, etc.


lexentry: eng/ramification__Noun__1
written_rep: ramification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ответвле́ние | разветвле́ние
sense_list:
(botany, anatomy, also, figurative) A branching-out, the act or result of developing branches; specifically the divergence of the stem and limbs of a plant into smaller ones, or of similar developments in blood vessels, anatomical structures etc. | (mathematics) An arrangement of branches.


lexentry: eng/ramification__Noun__1
written_rep: ramification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: после́дствие
sense_list:
(figurative, often, in plural) An offshoot of a decision, fact etc.; a consequence or implication, especially one which complicates a situation.


lexentry: eng/rampart__Noun__1
written_rep: rampart
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вал | круто́й бе́рег | оборони́тельный вал
sense_list:
A defensive mound of earth or a wall with a broad top and usually a stone parapet; a wall-like ridge of earth, stones or debris; an embankment for defensive purpose.


lexentry: eng/ranch__Noun__1
written_rep: ranch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ра́нчо | фе́рма
sense_list:
A large plot of land used for raising cattle, sheep or other livestock. | A small farm that cultivates vegetables or livestock, especially one in the Southwestern United States. | A house or property on a plot of ranch land.


lexentry: eng/ranch_dressing__Noun__1
written_rep: ranch dressing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: фе́рмерская запра́вка | фе́рмерский со́ус
sense_list:
A condiment made of buttermilk or sour cream, mayonnaise, minced green onion, garlic powder, and other seasonings mixed into a sauce.


lexentry: eng/rancor__Noun__1
written_rep: rancor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: затаённая [[не́нависть]] | злопа́мятство
sense_list:
(American spelling) A feeling of long-lasting ire for another, sometimes to the point of hatred, over a perceived wrongdoing; bitterness.


lexentry: eng/random__Adjective__1
written_rep: random
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: рандо́мный | случа́йный
sense_list:
(statistics) Involving an outcome which is impossible to predict, but which may be represented by a probability distribution; in the ideal case, involving outcomes which are equally likely.


lexentry: eng/random__Adjective__1
written_rep: random
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: неуме́стный | пе́рвый попа́вшийся | произво́льный | случа́йный
sense_list:
(informal) Being (part of) a varied, unrelated, and apparently arbitrary collection of things; diverse, heterogeneous.


lexentry: eng/random__Adjective__1
written_rep: random
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: неуме́стный | рандо́мный | случа́йный
sense_list:
(informal) Apropos of nothing; lacking context, relevance, or any connection to the previous situation; unexpected.


lexentry: eng/random__Adjective__1
written_rep: random
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: пе́рвый попа́вшийся | произво́льный | случа́йный
sense_list:
(informal) Of a person: characterized by or often saying random things; habitually using non sequiturs.


lexentry: eng/random_access__Noun__1
written_rep: random access
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: произво́льный до́ступ
sense_list:
(computing theory) The ability to access any element of a sequence in real time, without having to seek through preceding elements.


lexentry: eng/random_number__Noun__1
written_rep: random number
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: случа́йное число́
sense_list:
A number selected based on a uniform distribution, typically using a suitable generator (for example, rolling a die).


lexentry: eng/randomness__Noun__1
written_rep: randomness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: случай
sense_list:
The property of all possible outcomes being equally likely. | (mathematics) A type of circumstance or event that is described by a probability distribution.


lexentry: eng/range__Noun__1
written_rep: range
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: плита́
sense_list:
A fireplace; a fire or other cooking apparatus; now specifically, a large cooking stove with many burners (hotplates).


lexentry: eng/range__Noun__1
written_rep: range
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 12
trans_list: да́льность | дальнобо́йность | досяга́емость | разбро́с
sense_list:
(statistics) The length of the smallest interval which contains all the data in a sample; the difference between the largest and smallest observations in the sample.


lexentry: eng/range_of_motion__Noun__1
written_rep: range of motion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: амплиту́да | диапазо́н движе́ния
sense_list:
The distance (linear or angular) that a movable object may normally travel while properly attached to another.


lexentry: eng/rank__Noun__1
written_rep: rank
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: горизонта́ль
sense_list:
(chess) One of the eight horizontal lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a number).


lexentry: eng/rank__Noun__1
written_rep: rank
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: ранг | катего́рия | класс | положе́ние | разря́д
sense_list:
One's position in a list sorted by a shared property such as physical location, population, popularity, or quality.


lexentry: eng/rank_and_file__Noun__1
written_rep: rank and file
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: солдатня
sense_list:
Enlisted soldiers in a military organization, as would be arrayed in a grid pattern with ranks and files.


lexentry: eng/ransomware__Noun__1
written_rep: ransomware
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[програ́мма]]-[[вымога́тель]] | [[програ́мма]]-[[шантажи́ст]]
sense_list:
(computer security) Malware that holds the data of a computer user for ransom, usually requiring or claiming to require payment to restore access.


lexentry: eng/rape__Noun__1
written_rep: rape
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: изнаси́лование | изнасилование
sense_list:
The act of forcing sex upon another person without their consent or against their will; originally coitus forced by a man on a woman, but now generally any sex act forced by any person upon another person; by extension, any non-consensual sex act forced on or perpetrated by any being. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/rape__Verb__1
written_rep: rape
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: изнаси́ловать | наси́ловать
sense_list:
(chiefly, transitive) To force sexual intercourse or other sexual activity upon (someone) without their consent. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/rape__Verb__1
written_rep: rape
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: изнасиловать
sense_list:
(transitive) To carry (someone, especially a woman) off against their will, especially for sex; to abduct. [from 15th c.] | (transitive) To plunder, to destroy or despoil. [from 17th c.] | (slang, sometimes, offensive) To subject (another person) to a painful or unfair experience. | To overpower, destroy (someone); to trounce. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/rapeseed_oil__Noun__1
written_rep: rapeseed oil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ра́псовое ма́сло
sense_list:
A thick brownish-yellow oil expressed from rapeseed, used chiefly for cooking, lubricating and in the manufacture of soap and india rubber.


lexentry: eng/rapid_transit__Noun__1
written_rep: rapid transit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: метро
sense_list:
A commuter rail system that combines aspects of an interurban railway with those of a subway, using a menagerie of pathways such as viaduct, tunnel, beam, cut and cover, trench, at grade, and others.


lexentry: eng/rapier__Noun__1
written_rep: rapier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рапи́ра | шпа́га
sense_list:
A slender, straight, sharply pointed sword (double-edged, single-edged or edgeless), designed predominantly for thrusting; used during the Renaissance period of Europe for civilian duelling


lexentry: eng/rapport__Noun__1
written_rep: rapport
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: взаимоотноше́ния | взаимопонима́ние
sense_list:
A relationship of mutual trust and respect; a close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups concerned understand each other's feelings or ideas and communicate well.


lexentry: eng/rapporteur__Noun__1
written_rep: rapporteur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: докладчик
sense_list:
(legal, politics) A person appointed by a deliberative body to investigate an issue or a situation, and report back to that body.


lexentry: eng/rare__Adjective__2
written_rep: rare
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: крова́вый | кровяни́стый | непрожа́ренный | с [[кровь|кро́вью]]
sense_list:
(cooking) Particularly of meat, especially beefsteak: cooked very lightly, so the meat is still red.


lexentry: eng/rare_earth__Noun__1
written_rep: rare earth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ре́дкие зе́мли
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any of the naturally occurring oxides of the lanthanide metals; they are widely distributed in relatively small concentrations and are used in glassmaking, ceramic glazes etc.


lexentry: eng/rare_earth_element__Noun__1
written_rep: rare earth element
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ре́дкие зе́мли | редкоземе́льные элеме́нты
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any of a group of seventeen soft, lustrous, sometimes magnetic metals that form trivalent salts, which includes the lanthanides plus yttrium, scandium.


lexentry: eng/rareripe__Adjective__1
written_rep: rareripe
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ранний
sense_list:
(by extension, of a person, uncommon) maturing too quickly; taking on the trappings of maturity before one is emotionally developed


lexentry: eng/rash__Noun__1
written_rep: rash
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сыпь
sense_list:
(dermatology, symptom) An area of inflamed and irritated skin characterized by reddened spots that may be filled with fluid or pus. Also, preceded by a descriptive word (rare, or, obsolete) , an illness characterized by a type of rash.


lexentry: eng/rasp__Noun__1
written_rep: rasp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ра́шпиль | рашпиль
sense_list:
A coarse file or filelike tool, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true file.


lexentry: eng/raspberry__Noun__2
written_rep: raspberry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перде́ние
sense_list:
(colloquial) A noise intended to imitate a fart, made by blowing air out of the mouth while the tongue is protruding from and pressed against the lips, or by blowing air through the lips while they are pressed firmly together or against skin (often a form of tickling) used humorously or to express derision.


lexentry: eng/raspberry_beetle__Noun__1
written_rep: raspberry beetle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мали́нный жук | обыкнове́нный мали́нник
sense_list:
Byturus tomentosus, a beetle in the fruitworm family, which feeds on raspberry, blackberry, and loganberry plants.


lexentry: eng/rat__Verb__1
written_rep: rat
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: доноси́ть | крысить | стуча́ть
sense_list:
(intransitive, with on or out) To inform on someone; to betray someone to the police or authorities. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/rat_race__Noun__1
written_rep: rat race
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: крысиные бега
sense_list:
(informal) An activity or situation which is congested with participants and which is hectic or tedious, especially in the context of a busy, modern urban lifestyle.


lexentry: eng/ratatouille__Noun__1
written_rep: ratatouille
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ратату́й
sense_list:
A traditional French Provençal stewed vegetable dish consisting primarily of tomatoes, zucchini and eggplant.


lexentry: eng/rate__Noun__1
written_rep: rate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: проце́нт | ста́вка
sense_list:
A set price or charge for all examples of a given case, commodity, service etc. [from 16th c.] | A wage calculated in relation to a unit of time.


lexentry: eng/rath__Noun__1
written_rep: rath
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: форт
sense_list:
(historical) A walled enclosure, especially in Ireland; a ringfort built sometime between the Iron Age and the Viking Age.


lexentry: eng/rather__Adverb__1
written_rep: rather
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лу́чше | скоре́е
sense_list:
Used to specify a choice or preference; preferably, in preference to. (Now usually followed by than) [from 9th c.]


lexentry: eng/rather__Adverb__1
written_rep: rather
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: верне́е
sense_list:
(conjunctive) Introducing a qualification or clarification; more precisely. (Now usually preceded by or.) [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/rational__Adjective__1
written_rep: rational
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: рациона́льный | рациональный
sense_list:
(algebra) Of an algebraic expression in indeterminates, or more generally a function: capable of being expressed as the ratio of two polynomials.


lexentry: eng/rational_function__Noun__1
written_rep: rational function
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рациона́льная фу́нкция
sense_list:
(mathematics, complex analysis, algebraic geometry) Any function expressible as the quotient of two (coprime) polynomials (and which thus has poles at a finite, discrete set of points which are the roots of the denominator).


lexentry: eng/rationalism__Noun__1
written_rep: rationalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рационали́зм | рационализм
sense_list:
(philosophy) The theory that the reason is a source of knowledge independent of and superior to sense perception.


lexentry: eng/ratline__Noun__1
written_rep: ratline
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: вы́бленка | выбленка
sense_list:
(nautical) Any of the cross ropes between the shrouds, which form a net-like ropework, allowing sailors to climb up towards the top of the mast. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/rattan__Noun__1
written_rep: rattan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рота́нг
sense_list:
Any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus. | (by extension) A cane made from this material.


lexentry: eng/rattle__Noun__1
written_rep: rattle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: погрему́шка | трещо́тка
sense_list:
A baby’s toy designed to make sound when shaken, usually containing loose grains or pellets in a hollow container. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/rattle__Noun__1
written_rep: rattle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: трещо́тка | колоту́шка
sense_list:
A device which produces a loud rattling sound, especially one having a ratchet mechanism and spun round on a handle.


lexentry: eng/rattle__Verb__1
written_rep: rattle
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: греме́ть | грохота́ть | дребезжа́ть | потреща́ть | прогреме́ть | прогрохота́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, ergative) To create a rattling sound by shaking or striking. | (intransitive) To make a rattling noise; to make noise by or from shaking.


lexentry: eng/rattlesnake__Noun__1
written_rep: rattlesnake
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: грему́чая змея́ | грему́чник
sense_list:
Any of various venomous American snakes, of genera Crotalus and Sistrurus, having a rattle at the end of its tail.


lexentry: eng/rattletrap__Noun__1
written_rep: rattletrap
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: драндулет
sense_list:
(informal) A mechanical device, particularly an automobile, that is worn out, run down, or mechanically unreliable as indicated by noises it makes in operation.


lexentry: eng/rave__Noun__1
written_rep: rave
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: рейв
sense_list:
An all-night dance party with electronic dance music (techno, trance, drum and bass etc.) in small unknown clubs.


lexentry: eng/rave__Verb__1
written_rep: rave
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: быть в восто́рге от | расхва́ливать
sense_list:
(intransitive, followed by "about", "of" or (formerly) "on") To talk with excessive enthusiasm, passion or excitement.


lexentry: eng/ravel__Verb__1
written_rep: ravel
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: распу́тывать | распуска́ть
sense_list:
To unwind (a reel of thread, a skein of yarn, etc.); to pull apart (cloth, a seam, etc.); to fray, to unpick, to unravel; also, to pull out (a string of yarn, a thread, etc.) from a piece of fabric, or a skein or reel.


lexentry: eng/ravelin__Noun__1
written_rep: ravelin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: равелин
sense_list:
An outwork. A fortification outside a castle used to split an attacking force; composed of two faces, forming a salient angle whose gorge resembles a half-moon


lexentry: eng/raven__Noun__1
written_rep: raven
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: во́рон | ворон
sense_list:
(countable) Any of several, generally large and lustrous black species of birds in the genus Corvus, especially the common raven (Corvus corax).


lexentry: eng/raw__Adjective__1
written_rep: raw
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: сыро́й | необрабо́танный
sense_list:
Not treated or processed; in a natural state, unrefined, unprocessed. [from 10th c.] (of materials, products, etc.)


lexentry: eng/ray__Noun__1
written_rep: ray
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: луч | излуче́ние
sense_list:
(botany) A radiating part of a flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, such as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius.


lexentry: eng/ray__Noun__2
written_rep: ray
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: скат
sense_list:
Any of the superorder Batoidea of marine fish with flat bodies, large wing-like fins, and whip-like tails.


lexentry: eng/ray_of_light__Noun__1
written_rep: ray of light
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: луч све́та
sense_list:
(physics) A path that a photon or a group of photons takes through space, visible as a column of light.


lexentry: eng/ray_tracing__Noun__1
written_rep: ray tracing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: трассиро́вка луче́й
sense_list:
(computer graphics) A technique that produces realistically shaded images by projecting imaginary light rays to determine which parts of an object should be illuminated.


lexentry: eng/razor__Noun__1
written_rep: razor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бри́тва | бритва
sense_list:
A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or other parts of the body. | Any tool or instrument designed for shaving.


lexentry: eng/razor_clam__Noun__1
written_rep: razor clam
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: черено́к
sense_list:
A clam of several species in superfamily Solenoidea, with long curved shells resembling straight razors.


lexentry: eng/razor_wire__Noun__1
written_rep: razor wire
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: колю́чая ле́нта
sense_list:
A form of securing wire similar to barbed wire, but with a series of short blades instead of barbs. Also, a length thereof.


lexentry: eng/reach__Verb__1
written_rep: reach
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: доходи́ть | дойти́ | доста́ть | достава́ть | прибы́ть | прибыва́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To give to someone by stretching out a limb, especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another person; to hand over.


lexentry: eng/reach__Verb__1
written_rep: reach
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: доходи́ть | дойти́ | доста́ть | достава́ть | потяну́ться | прибы́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, by extension) To extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut.


lexentry: eng/reach_out__Verb__1
written_rep: reach out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: связаться
sense_list:
(intransitive, originally, business, followed by to) To attempt to initiate communication with someone; to contact; to raise awareness.


lexentry: eng/react__Verb__1
written_rep: react
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: реагировать
sense_list:
(physics, intransitive) To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force


lexentry: eng/react__Verb__1
written_rep: react
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: отреаги́ровать | прореаги́ровать | реаги́ровать | среаги́ровать
sense_list:
(chemistry, intransitive) To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition. | (chemistry, transitive) To cause chemical agents to react; to cause one chemical agent to react with another.


lexentry: eng/reactant__Noun__1
written_rep: reactant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реаге́нт | реакти́в
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any of the participants present at the start of a chemical reaction, specifically one that is consumed during the reaction.


lexentry: eng/reaction__Noun__1
written_rep: reaction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реа́кция | реакция
sense_list:
An action or statement in response to a stimulus or other event. | (chemistry) A transformation in which one or more substances is converted into another by combination or decomposition.


lexentry: eng/reactionary__Adjective__1
written_rep: reactionary
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реакцио́нный
sense_list:
(politics) Extremely conservative; opposing revolution (such as the French Revolution); favoring a return to a golden age of the past.


lexentry: eng/reactionary__Noun__1
written_rep: reactionary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реакционе́р | реакционе́рка
sense_list:
(politics) One who opposes revolution, wanting to reverse it, favoring a return to a past golden age. Often used as a derogatory by revolutionaires.


lexentry: eng/reactor__Noun__1
written_rep: reactor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: реаге́нт | реакти́в
sense_list:
(chemistry) A chemical substance which responds to the presence of, or contact with, another substance.


lexentry: eng/read-only_memory__Noun__1
written_rep: read-only memory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ПЗУ | постоянное запоминающее устро́йство
sense_list:
(computing) A computer memory chip that stores values but does not allow updates, in which the values are nonvolatile in that they are retained even when the computer is unpowered.


lexentry: eng/read__Verb__1
written_rep: read
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: читать | прочита́ть | чита́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To look at and interpret letters or other information that is written. | (transitive, or, intransitive) To speak aloud words or other information that is written. (often construed with a to phrase or an indirect object)


lexentry: eng/read__Verb__1
written_rep: read
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: гласи́ть | изуча́ть | толкова́ть
sense_list:
(ergative) To substitute a corrected piece of text in place of an erroneous one; used to introduce an emendation of a text.


lexentry: eng/read_out__Verb__1
written_rep: read out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: зачитывать
sense_list:
(transitive, idiomatic, US) (of a device) To read some data and inform the person using the device; (of the user) to read some data from the device to inform oneself.


lexentry: eng/readable__Adjective__1
written_rep: readable
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: интере́сный | чита́бельный | чита́емый
sense_list:
(of a book) Enjoyable to read, of an acceptable stylistic quality or at least functionally composed.


lexentry: eng/reader__Noun__1
written_rep: reader
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: реда́ктор
sense_list:
A person employed by a publisher to read works submitted for publication and determine their merits.


lexentry: eng/reading_comprehension__Noun__1
written_rep: reading comprehension
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: понима́ние прочи́танного
sense_list:
The ability, or degree of ability, not only to read words at all but also to understand the meaning conveyed by collections of words (such as phrases, sentences, and documents).


lexentry: eng/reading_glasses__Noun__1
written_rep: reading glasses
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: очки́ для чте́ния
sense_list:
Any type of spectacles intended chiefly to deal with the effects of presbyopia by magnifying details such as fine text.


lexentry: eng/reading_material__Noun__1
written_rep: reading material
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: материа́л для чте́ния
sense_list:
Anything produced for the purpose of being read; a collective term for books, magazines, newspapers, etc.; reading matter.


lexentry: eng/ready_meal__Noun__1
written_rep: ready meal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: полуфабрика́т
sense_list:
A prepackaged, fresh or frozen meal that only requires heating (often in a microwave) before being served, sometimes in its own packaging.


lexentry: eng/reagent__Noun__1
written_rep: reagent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реаге́нт | реакти́в
sense_list:
(chemistry) A compound or mixture of compounds used to treat or test materials, samples, other compounds or reactants in a laboratory or sometimes an industrial setting.


lexentry: eng/real-time__Adjective__1
written_rep: real-time
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: постоянный | реальное время
sense_list:
(computing) Of a system: that responds to events or signals within a predictable time after their occurrence; specifically the response time must be within the maximum allowed, but is typically synchronous.


lexentry: eng/real-valued__Adjective__1
written_rep: real-valued
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вещественнозначный | действительнозначный
sense_list:
(analysis, of a function) Having only real values: having as its codomain the set of real numbers or a subset thereof.


lexentry: eng/real__Adjective__1
written_rep: real
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: настоя́щий
sense_list:
Genuine, not artificial, counterfeit, or fake. | Genuine, unfeigned, sincere. | Absolute, complete, utter.


lexentry: eng/real__Adjective__1
written_rep: real
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: действи́тельный
sense_list:
(mathematics, of a number) Being either a rational number, or the limit of a convergent infinite sequence of rational numbers: being one of a set of numbers with a one-to-one correspondence to the points on a line.


lexentry: eng/real_axis__Noun__1
written_rep: real axis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: действительная ось
sense_list:
(mathematics) The horizontal line in the complex plane, every point on which corresponds to a real number


lexentry: eng/real_estate__Noun__1
written_rep: real estate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: недви́жимость
sense_list:
(US, Canada, Australia) Property that cannot easily be moved, usually buildings and the ground on which they are built.


lexentry: eng/real_life__Noun__1
written_rep: real life
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реа́л | реа́льная жизнь
sense_list:
Life outside of a contrived or fantastical environment; often used in comparison to events depicted in drama.


lexentry: eng/real_number__Noun__1
written_rep: real number
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вещественное число́ | действительное число́
sense_list:
(mathematics) The limit of a convergent sequence of rational numbers, whether the limit is a rational number such as 2, -5, or 2/7 or whether the limit is an irrational number such as the square root of two or the circumference of the circle whose radius is one.


lexentry: eng/real_socialism__Noun__1
written_rep: real socialism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реа́льный социали́зм
sense_list:
pragmatic socialism, practical socialism, a form of socialism which attempts to reach tangible goals perceived to be feasible instead of primarily focusing on adherence to Marxist-Leninist theory.


lexentry: eng/real_world__Noun__1
written_rep: real world
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реа́л
sense_list:
The realm of human experience comprising physical objects, and excluding theoretical constructs, hypotheses, artificial environments, and "virtual" worlds such as the Internet, computer simulations, or the imagination.


lexentry: eng/realgar__Noun__1
written_rep: realgar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реальга́р | реальгар
sense_list:
(mineral) A mineral, arsenic sulfide (AsS), often associated with orpiment and stibnite in lead, silver and gold ores.


lexentry: eng/realia__Noun__1
written_rep: realia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реа́лия
sense_list:
Objects from real life or from the real world, as opposed to theoretical constructs or fabricated examples.


lexentry: eng/realist__Noun__1
written_rep: realist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реали́ст | реали́стка
sense_list:
(philosophy) An advocate of realism; one who believes that matter, objects etc. have real existence beyond our perception of them. | One who believes in seeing things the way they really are, as opposed to how they would like them to be.


lexentry: eng/reality__Noun__1
written_rep: reality
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: реа́льность | действи́тельность | реальность
sense_list:
The entirety of all that is real. | An individual observer's own subjective perception of that which is real.


lexentry: eng/reality_television__Noun__1
written_rep: reality television
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реа́лити-телеви́дение
sense_list:
(television) A genre of television programming portraying one or more people who are not professional actors and depicting their reactions to given stimuli or goals.


lexentry: eng/realize__Verb__1
written_rep: realize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: звуча́ть | произноси́ться
sense_list:
(linguistics) To turn (an abstract linguistic object, especially a phoneme) into a speech sound actually used in a language.


lexentry: eng/realize__Verb__1
written_rep: realize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: изобража́ть | изобрази́ть
sense_list:
To cause (something) to seem real; to make realistic; specifically, to present (something) clearly to the mind, a person, (archaic) oneself, etc., so that it seems real.


lexentry: eng/realize__Verb__1
written_rep: realize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прода́ть | продава́ть
sense_list:
To convert (an asset or property, especially investments such as bonds, shares, etc.) into a more easily usable form such as money, especially by selling the asset or property.


lexentry: eng/realize__Verb__1
written_rep: realize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реализова́ть | осуществи́ть | осуществля́ть | реализо́вывать
sense_list:
(chiefly, passive voice, slightly, _, formal) To convert (something imaginary or planned, as a goal or idea) into reality; to bring into real existence, to make real. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/really__Interjection__1
written_rep: really
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: да? | пра́вда? | ра́зве? | серьёзно?
sense_list:
(informal) Indicating surprise at, or requesting confirmation of, some new information; to express skepticism.


lexentry: eng/really__Interjection__1
written_rep: really
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: да ла́дно
sense_list:
(informal, sarcastic, typically exaggerated question.) Indicating that what was just said was obvious and unnecessary; contrived incredulity


lexentry: eng/realm__Noun__1
written_rep: realm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: короле́вство | ца́рство
sense_list:
(archaic, or, legal, &, rhetoric) A territory or state, as ruled by an absolute authority, especially by a king; a kingdom. [from ca. 1300]


lexentry: eng/realpolitik__Noun__1
written_rep: realpolitik
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реа́льная поли́тика | реалполити́к
sense_list:
(politics) Pragmatic, often expansionist, diplomacy and politics focused on perceived national interests of the state to the near exclusion of ethical, moral, and theoretical objectives.


lexentry: eng/realtor__Noun__1
written_rep: realtor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рие́лтор | аге́нт по прода́же недви́жимости
sense_list:
(North America) A person or business that sells or leases out real estate, acting as an agent for the property owner.


lexentry: eng/reanimate__Verb__1
written_rep: reanimate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оживи́ть | оживля́ть | реаними́ровать
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To restore (someone or something) to animation or life; to come back to animation or life.


lexentry: eng/reap_what_one_sows__Verb__1
written_rep: reap what one sows
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: как посе́ешь, так и пожнёшь | что посе́ешь, то и пожнёшь
sense_list:
(intransitive, idiomatic) To receive as a return or reward in the same measure as one's exertions or intentions, in a good or a bad sense; to receive justice or one's just deserts.


lexentry: eng/rear__Noun__1
written_rep: rear
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: тыл
sense_list:
(military) Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which comes last, or is stationed behind the rest.


lexentry: eng/rear__Verb__1
written_rep: rear
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: [[встава́ть]] на [[дыбы́]] | возвы́сить | возвыша́ть | вознести́ | возноси́ть | встать на [[дыбы́]]
sense_list:
(transitive, literary) To raise physically or metaphorically; to lift up; to cause to rise, to elevate.


lexentry: eng/rear_admiral_(lower_half)__Noun__1
written_rep: rear admiral (lower half)
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: коммодор
sense_list:
(US, military, nautical) A naval officer of equivalent grade or rank in the navy of other countries, such as commodore.


lexentry: eng/rear_admiral_(upper_half)__Noun__1
written_rep: rear admiral (upper half)
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: контр-адмира́л
sense_list:
(US, military, nautical) A naval officer of equivalent grade or rank in the navy of other countries.


lexentry: eng/rear_admiral__Noun__1
written_rep: rear admiral
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: контр-адмира́л
sense_list:
(military, nautical) A naval officer below the rank of vice admiral, originally in charge of a fleet's rear formation.


lexentry: eng/rearguard__Noun__1
written_rep: rearguard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: арьерга́рд
sense_list:
(military) The rearmost part of a force, especially a detachment of troops that protect the rear of a retreating force.


lexentry: eng/rearm__Verb__1
written_rep: rearm
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перевооружа́ть | перевооружи́ть
sense_list:
To replace or restore the weapons or arms of a previously defeated, or disarmed army, country, person or other body.


lexentry: eng/reason__Noun__1
written_rep: reason
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: основа́ние | по́вод | причи́на | до́вод | моти́в | резо́н
sense_list:
An excuse: a thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation.


lexentry: eng/reason__Noun__1
written_rep: reason
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ум | ра́зум | рассу́док
sense_list:
(uncountable) Rational thinking (or the capacity for it); the cognitive faculties, collectively, of conception, judgment, deduction and intuition.


lexentry: eng/reason__Verb__1
written_rep: reason
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: проду́мать
sense_list:
(intransitive) To perform a process of deduction or of induction, in order to convince or to confute; to argue.


lexentry: eng/reasoning__Noun__1
written_rep: reasoning
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рассужде́ние | аргумента́ция
sense_list:
(uncountable) The deduction of inferences or interpretations from premises, abstract thought, ratiocination; (countable) any instance of this, especially as a process leading to an action, motive.


lexentry: eng/rebab__Noun__1
written_rep: rebab
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реба́б | руба́б
sense_list:
(musical instruments) A stringed musical instrument, related to the lute, used especially in Islamic countries


lexentry: eng/reboot__Verb__1
written_rep: reboot
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перезагружа́ть | перезагрузи́ть
sense_list:
(computing, ergative) To execute a computer's boot process, effectively resetting the computer and causing the operating system to reload, commonly after a system failure.


lexentry: eng/rebreather__Noun__1
written_rep: rebreather
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ребризер
sense_list:
(underwater diving) A breathing apparatus that recycles expelled air, removing carbon dioxide and thus allowing extended use of a supply of air.


lexentry: eng/rebus__Noun__1
written_rep: rebus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ре́бус | ребус
sense_list:
An arrangement of pictures, symbols, and/or words representing phrases or words, especially as a word puzzle.


lexentry: eng/recall__Noun__1
written_rep: recall
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: полнота
sense_list:
(information retrieval, machine learning) The fraction of (all) relevant material that is returned by a search.


lexentry: eng/recall__Verb__1
written_rep: recall
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: отзыва́ть | отозва́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To call back, bring back, or summon (someone) to a specific place, station, etc. [from 16th c.] | (transitive) To call back (a situation, event, etc.) to one's mind; to remember; to recollect. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/recant__Verb__1
written_rep: recant
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отрека́ться
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To withdraw or repudiate a statement or opinion formerly expressed, especially formally and publicly.


lexentry: eng/recapitulation__Noun__1
written_rep: recapitulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: суммирование
sense_list:
(theology) The symmetry provided by Christ's life to the teachings of the Old Testament; the summation of human experience in Jesus Christ.


lexentry: eng/receipt__Noun__1
written_rep: receipt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: реце́пт
sense_list:
(obsolete) A receptacle. | (obsolete) Capability of receiving; capacity. | (obsolete) A recess; a retired place.


lexentry: eng/receive__Verb__1
written_rep: receive
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: получа́ть | получи́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, dated) To take, as something that is offered; to accept. | (sports) To be in a position to take possession, or hit back the ball.


lexentry: eng/receive__Verb__1
written_rep: receive
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: принима́ть | приня́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To act as a host for guests; to give admittance to; to permit to enter, as into one's house, presence, company, etc.


lexentry: eng/receiver__Noun__1
written_rep: receiver
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: [[телефонный|телефо́нная]] [[тру́бка]] | тру́бка
sense_list:
The part of a telephone handset contained in the earpiece; (hence) the handset itself; an earpiece. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/receiver__Noun__1
written_rep: receiver
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: приёмник
sense_list:
Any of several electronic devices that receive electromagnetic waves, or signals transmitted as such. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/receivership__Noun__1
written_rep: receivership
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: прее́мственность
sense_list:
(legal, business) A form trusteeship of bankruptcy administration in which a receiver is appointed to run the company for the benefit of the creditors.


lexentry: eng/recension__Noun__1
written_rep: recension
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: изво́д
sense_list:
A critical revision of a text. | A family of manuscripts which share similar traits; the variety of a language which is used in such manuscripts.


lexentry: eng/receptacle__Noun__1
written_rep: receptacle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: розе́тка
sense_list:
(electricity, US) A contact device installed at an outlet for the connection of an attachment plug (typically by receiving the plug's prongs) to supply portable appliances or equipment.


lexentry: eng/reception__Noun__1
written_rep: reception
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: приём
sense_list:
The act of receiving. | (uncountable, electronics) The act or ability to receive radio or similar signals. | (linguistics) Reading viewed as the active process of receiving a text in any medium (written, spoken, signed, multimodal, nonverbal), consisting of several steps, such as ideation, comprehension, reconstruction, interpretation.


lexentry: eng/receptionist__Noun__1
written_rep: receptionist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: администра́тор | портье́ | регистра́тор | секрета́рша | секрета́рь
sense_list:
An employee (such as a secretary) who works in reception (receiving visitors and/or calls) for a person or business, especially an office.


lexentry: eng/recess__Noun__1
written_rep: recess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: кани́кулы | переры́в
sense_list:
(countable) A temporary stoppage of an activity; a break, a pause. | (countable) An act of retiring or withdrawing from public life, society, etc.; also, an act of living in retirement or seclusion, or a period of such retirement or seclusion.


lexentry: eng/recess__Noun__1
written_rep: recess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: переме́на
sense_list:
(Australia, Britain, North America, Philippines, education) A time away from studying during the school day for a meal or recreation.


lexentry: eng/recharge__Verb__1
written_rep: recharge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перезаряди́ть | перезаряжа́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To charge an electric battery after its power has been consumed. | (transitive) To reload a gun with ammunition.


lexentry: eng/reciprocal__Adjective__1
written_rep: reciprocal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: взаи́мный | обою́дный
sense_list:
Of a feeling, action or such: mutual, uniformly felt or done by each party towards the other or others; two-way.


lexentry: eng/reciprocal__Noun__1
written_rep: reciprocal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обратная [[величина́]]
sense_list:
(arithmetic) The number obtained by dividing 1 by another given number; the result of exchanging the numerator and the denominator of a fraction.


lexentry: eng/reciprocate__Verb__1
written_rep: reciprocate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: вернуться | возвращаться | воздавать | воздать | возместить | возмещать
sense_list:
(transitive) To give something else in response (where the "thing" may also be abstract, a feeling or action) To make a reciprocal gift.


lexentry: eng/reciprocity__Noun__1
written_rep: reciprocity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: взаи́мность
sense_list:
(grammar) A reciprocal construction involves two noun phrases where each of the participants occupies both the role of agent and patient with respect to the other. see: Wikipedia:Reciprocal pronoun.


lexentry: eng/recitative__Noun__1
written_rep: recitative
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: речитати́в | речитатив
sense_list:
(music) dialogue, in an opera etc, that, rather than being sung as an aria, is reproduced with the rhythms of normal speech, often with simple musical accompaniment or harpsichord continuo, serving to expound the plot.


lexentry: eng/recite__Verb__1
written_rep: recite
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: деклами́ровать | продеклами́ровать | процити́ровать | цити́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive) To repeat aloud (some passage, poem or other text previously memorized, or in front of one's eyes), often before an audience. | (intransitive) To deliver a recitation.


lexentry: eng/recklessly__Adverb__1
written_rep: recklessly
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: опроме́тчиво
sense_list:
In a rash or reckless manner, without regard for cost or consequence | With contempt for the rights, feelings, or well-being of others.


lexentry: eng/reckon__Verb__1
written_rep: reckon
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: счита́ть
sense_list:
To count as in a number, rank, or series; to estimate by rank or quality; to place by estimation; to account; to esteem; to repute.


lexentry: eng/reckon__Verb__1
written_rep: reckon
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: полага́ть | счита́ть
sense_list:
(colloquial) To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; -- followed by an objective clause


lexentry: eng/recluse__Noun__1
written_rep: recluse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: затво́рник | отше́льник | сыч
sense_list:
A person who lives in self-imposed isolation or seclusion from the world, especially for religious purposes; a hermit.


lexentry: eng/recognition__Noun__1
written_rep: recognition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: узнава́ние | распознава́ние
sense_list:
The act of recognizing or the condition of being recognized (matching a current observation with a memory of a prior observation of the same entity).


lexentry: eng/recognition__Noun__1
written_rep: recognition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: призна́ние
sense_list:
Official acceptance of the status of a new government by that of another country. | Honour, favourable note, or attention.


lexentry: eng/recognizance__Noun__1
written_rep: recognizance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[обяза́тельство]], [[данный|да́нное]] [[суд|суду́]]
sense_list:
(legal) A form of bail; a promise made by the accused to the court that they will attend all required judicial proceedings and will not engage in further illegal activity or other prohibited conduct as set by the court.


lexentry: eng/recognize__Verb__1
written_rep: recognize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: узнава́ть | опозна́ть | опознава́ть | узна́ть | призна́ть | признава́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To match (something or someone which one currently perceives) to a memory of some previous encounter with the same person or thing.


lexentry: eng/recognize__Verb__1
written_rep: recognize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: призна́ть | признава́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To acknowledge the existence or legality of; to treat as valid or worthy of consideration. | (transitive, or with clause) To acknowledge or consider (as being a certain thing or having a certain quality or property).


lexentry: eng/recoil__Noun__1
written_rep: recoil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: отда́ча | отка́т
sense_list:
(firearms) The energy transmitted back to the shooter from a firearm which has fired. Recoil is a function of the weight of the weapon, the weight of the projectile, and the speed at which it leaves the muzzle.


lexentry: eng/recoilless_rifle__Noun__1
written_rep: recoilless rifle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: безотка́тное ору́дие
sense_list:
A lightweight portable weapon capable of firing artillery-type shells, used normally as anti-tank weapon.


lexentry: eng/recollection__Noun__1
written_rep: recollection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: со́бранность | сосредото́ченность
sense_list:
The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the period within which things can be recollected; remembrance.


lexentry: eng/recommend__Verb__1
written_rep: recommend
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рекомендова́ть | сове́товать | порекомендова́ть | посове́товать
sense_list:
(transitive) To bestow commendation on; to represent favourably; to suggest, endorse or encourage as an appropriate choice. | (transitive, archaic) To commit, confide to another's care, confidence or acceptance, with favoring representations


lexentry: eng/reconciliation__Noun__1
written_rep: reconciliation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: све́рка | согласова́ние
sense_list:
(accounting) The process of comparing and resolving apparent differences between sets of accounting records, or between accounting records and bank statements, receipts, etc.


lexentry: eng/reconnect__Verb__1
written_rep: reconnect
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: воссоединиться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To meet up again (with someone), after a long time apart and/or without communication; to reunite.


lexentry: eng/reconnoiter__Verb__1
written_rep: reconnoiter
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: разве́дать | разве́дывать | рекогносци́ровать
sense_list:
(American spelling, transitive, intransitive, military) To perform a reconnaissance (of an area; an enemy position); to scout with the aim of acquiring information.


lexentry: eng/record-breaking__Adjective__1
written_rep: record-breaking
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рекордный
sense_list:
Of an achievement or observation, exceeding the highest previously recorded level in that activity or category.


lexentry: eng/record__Noun__1
written_rep: record
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: за́пись
sense_list:
An item of information put into a temporary or permanent physical medium. | Any instance of a physical medium on which information was put for the purpose of preserving it and making it available for future reference. | (computing) A set of data relating to a single individual or item.


lexentry: eng/record__Noun__1
written_rep: record
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: [[граммофонный|граммофо́нная]] [[пласти́нка]] | грампласти́нка | диск | пласти́нка
sense_list:
Ellipsis of phonograph record (“a disc, usually made from vinyl, on which sound is recorded and may be replayed on a phonograph”).


lexentry: eng/record__Noun__1
written_rep: record
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: реко́рд
sense_list:
The most extreme known value of some variable, particularly that of an achievement in competitive events.


lexentry: eng/record__Verb__1
written_rep: record
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: запи́сывать | записа́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To make a record of information. | (transitive) To make an audio or video recording of. | (intransitive) To make an audio, video, or multimedia recording.


lexentry: eng/record_chart__Noun__1
written_rep: record chart
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: листинг
sense_list:
(often plural) A ranking of music (songs, albums, etc.) according to popularity during a given period of time.


lexentry: eng/record_label__Noun__1
written_rep: record label
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лейбл
sense_list:
The round sticker in the centre of a phonograph record that contains the record company's logo and information about the recording.


lexentry: eng/recorder__Noun__2
written_rep: recorder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реко́рдер | блокфле́йта
sense_list:
(musical instrument) A musical instrument of the woodwind family; a type of fipple flute, a simple internal duct flute.


lexentry: eng/recoup__Verb__1
written_rep: recoup
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: окупать
sense_list:
(legal, transitive) To keep back rightfully (a part), as if by cutting off, so as to diminish a sum due; to take off (a part) from damages; to deduct.


lexentry: eng/recover__Verb__1
written_rep: recover
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: верну́ть | возврати́ть | возвраща́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To get back, to regain (a physical thing; in astronomy and navigation, sight of a thing or a signal).


lexentry: eng/recover__Verb__1
written_rep: recover
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: верну́ть | возврати́ть | возвраща́ть | вы́здороветь | выздора́вливать | попра́виться
sense_list:
(intransitive, followed by "from" to show what caused the bad feeling) To get better, to regain health or prosperity.


lexentry: eng/recreational_vehicle__Noun__1
written_rep: recreational vehicle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: автода́ча
sense_list:
(North America) A self-propelled vehicle (motor home), or trailer designed for use as living quarters on overnight recreational activities and travel.


lexentry: eng/recrudescence__Noun__1
written_rep: recrudescence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: обостре́ние | рециди́в
sense_list:
(medicine, by extension) The acute recurrence of a disease, or its symptoms, after a period of improvement.


lexentry: eng/recruit__Verb__1
written_rep: recruit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вербова́ть | завербова́ть | набира́ть | набра́ть | нанима́ть | наня́ть
sense_list:
To enroll or enlist new members or potential employees on behalf of an employer, organization, sports team, the military, etc.


lexentry: eng/recruitment__Noun__1
written_rep: recruitment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: набо́р | вербо́вка | наём | рекру́тинг
sense_list:
The process or art of finding candidates for a post in an organization, or recruits for the armed forces.


lexentry: eng/rectified_spirit__Noun__1
written_rep: rectified spirit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: спирт
sense_list:
An alcoholic spirit that has been purified to or close to the maximum concentration obtainable by using conventional distillation processes, i.e. about 96% by volume.


lexentry: eng/rectify__Verb__1
written_rep: rectify
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: испра́вить | исправля́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To restore (someone or something) to its proper condition; to straighten out, to set right. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/rectitude__Noun__1
written_rep: rectitude
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прямота́
sense_list:
Straightness; the state or quality of having a constant direction and not being crooked or bent. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/rectitude__Noun__1
written_rep: rectitude
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: пра́вильность | правота́
sense_list:
(now, _, rare) The fact or quality of being right or correct; correctness of opinion or judgement. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/recto__Noun__1
written_rep: recto
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: лицевая сторона́ | правая страни́ца
sense_list:
(printing) The right-hand page of a book of a script which reads from left to right, usually having an odd page number.


lexentry: eng/rector__Noun__1
written_rep: rector
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: па́стор
sense_list:
In the Anglican Church, a cleric in charge of a parish and who owns the tithes of it. | (Eastern Orthodoxy, uncommon) A priest or bishop in the Orthodox Church who is in charge of a parish or in an administrative leadership position in a theological seminary or academy.


lexentry: eng/rectum__Noun__1
written_rep: rectum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ре́ктум | пряма́я кишка́
sense_list:
(anatomy) The terminal part of the large intestine through which feces pass after exiting the colon, but before leaving the body through the anus or cloaca.


lexentry: eng/recuperate__Verb__1
written_rep: recuperate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: выздороветь
sense_list:
(intransitive) To recover, especially from an illness; to get better from an illness or from exhaustion (or sometimes from a financial loss, etc).


lexentry: eng/recur__Verb__1
written_rep: recur
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: повторяться
sense_list:
(medicine) Of a disease or symptom: to happen again, especially repeatedly or after a remission or an apparent recovery. | Of an event, situation, etc.: to appear or happen again, especially repeatedly. | (mathematics) Often in the form recurring following a number: of a numeral or group of numerals in a decimal fraction: to repeat indefinitely.


lexentry: eng/recur__Verb__1
written_rep: recur
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: вернуться
sense_list:
(dated) To speak, think, or write about something again; to go back or return to a memory, a subject, etc.


lexentry: eng/recursive__Adjective__1
written_rep: recursive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pекурсивное
sense_list:
drawing upon itself, referring back. | (computing, not comparable) of a program or function that calls itself | (computing theory, not comparable, of a function) which can be computed by a theoretical model of a computer, in a finite amount of time


lexentry: eng/recurve_bow__Noun__1
written_rep: recurve bow
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: олимпийский лук
sense_list:
(weapons) A bow whose two tips curve away from the archer when drawn, which gives the shot greater power and speed.


lexentry: eng/recuse__Verb__1
written_rep: recuse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: от | отводиться | отка́зываться | участие
sense_list:
(reflexive, law) Of a judge, juror, or prosecutor: to declare (oneself) unable to participate in a court case due to an actual or potential conflict of interest or lack of impartiality.


lexentry: eng/recycle_bin__Noun__1
written_rep: recycle bin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: му́сорная корзи́на
sense_list:
(computing) In Microsoft Windows, a storage location for deleted files, from which they can be retrieved or permanently deleted.


lexentry: eng/recycling__Noun__1
written_rep: recycling
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: The practice of sorting and collecting waste materials for new use.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
втори́чная перерабо́тка | перерабо́тка отхо́дов | реци́клинг | рецикли́рование | риса́йклинг | утилиза́ция отхо́дов


lexentry: eng/red-backed_shrike__Noun__1
written_rep: red-backed shrike
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обыкнове́нный жула́н | сорокопу́т-жула́н
sense_list:
A medium-sized bird (Lanius collurio) of the shrike family that breeds in most of Europe and western Asia and winters in tropical Africa, eating large insects, small birds, voles, and lizards.


lexentry: eng/red-banded_sand_wasp__Noun__1
written_rep: red-banded sand wasp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аммофи́ла песо́чная | пескоро́й песо́чный
sense_list:
Ammophila sabulosa, found in northern Europe, is a species of wasp within the subfamily Ammophilinae of the hunting wasp family Sphecidae.


lexentry: eng/red-breasted_goose__Noun__1
written_rep: red-breasted goose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: краснозо́бая каза́рка | краснозобая казарка
sense_list:
Branta ruficollis, a species of goose from Eurasia, with a large rust-colored area on its breast and throat.


lexentry: eng/red-eared_slider__Noun__1
written_rep: red-eared slider
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: красноу́хая пресново́дная черепа́ха
sense_list:
A subspecies of pond slider, Trachemys scripta elegans, quite popular as a pet. Although native to the southern United States, it has become common in many areas of the world.


lexentry: eng/red-necked_grebe__Noun__1
written_rep: red-necked grebe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: серощёкая пога́нка
sense_list:
Podiceps grisegena a migratory aquatic bird found in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/red-tailed_shrike__Noun__1
written_rep: red-tailed shrike
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рыжехво́стый жула́н
sense_list:
Lanius phoenicuroides, a member of the shrike family (Laniidae). It was formerly considered conspecific with the isabelline shrike and the red-backed shrike.


lexentry: eng/red-throated_diver__Noun__1
written_rep: red-throated diver
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: краснозо́бая гага́ра
sense_list:
Gavia stellata, the smallest member of the loon or diver family, breeding in northern Eurasia and Arctic Canada, with grey head, red throat, white underparts and dark mantle.


lexentry: eng/red__Adjective__1
written_rep: red
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: кра́сный | красный
sense_list:
Left-wing parties and movements, chiefly socialist or communist, including the U.K. Labour party and the Social Democratic Party of Germany.


lexentry: eng/red__Noun__1
written_rep: red
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кра́сный | красный
sense_list:
(countable, and, uncountable) The colour of the setting sun, blood, and strawberries; the colour which is evoked by the longest visible wavelengths (between about 625–740 nm), and a primary additive colour. | (countable) A revolutionary socialist or (most commonly) a Communist; (usually capitalized) a Bolshevik, a supporter of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War.


lexentry: eng/red_blood_cell__Noun__1
written_rep: red blood cell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кра́сная кровяна́я кле́тка
sense_list:
(hematology, cytology) A type of cell in the blood of vertebrates that contains hemoglobin and transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues; an erythrocyte.


lexentry: eng/red_cabbage__Noun__1
written_rep: red cabbage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кра́сная капу́ста | краснокоча́нная капу́ста
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) A form of cabbage having red leaves, Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra .


lexentry: eng/red_card__Noun__1
written_rep: red card
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кра́сная ка́рточка | красная карточка
sense_list:
(sports) A card displayed by the referee when a player is sent off for a serious infringement of the rules.


lexentry: eng/red_crossbill__Noun__1
written_rep: red crossbill
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: клёст-елови́к | обыкнове́нный клёст
sense_list:
Loxia curvirostra, a small passerine bird in the finch family, widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/red_currant__Noun__1
written_rep: red currant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кра́сная сморо́дина
sense_list:
A deciduous shrub, Ribes rubrum, native to western Europe; any of certain cultivars of the shrub. | The bright red translucent edible berry of this plant.


lexentry: eng/red_fescue__Noun__1
written_rep: red fescue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: овся́ница кра́сная
sense_list:
a grass plant, Festuca rubra, with green, red, or blue-green flowers, found in Europe, Asia and North America.


lexentry: eng/red_fox__Noun__1
written_rep: red fox
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ры́жая лиси́ца
sense_list:
(countable) A common species of fox, Vulpes vulpes native to North America, Asia, Europe and North Africa; small, with reddish fur, but larger than the arctic fox.


lexentry: eng/red_fox__Noun__1
written_rep: red fox
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: цело́зия серебри́стая
sense_list:
(uncountable, usually capitalized) Certain varieties of species of the plant genus Celosia, such as of Celosia argentea.


lexentry: eng/red_giant__Noun__1
written_rep: red giant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кра́сный гига́нт | красный гигант
sense_list:
(star) A large red coloured star with a lower surface temperature than many stars, being at the final stage of moderately massive main-sequence stars.


lexentry: eng/red_herring__Noun__1
written_rep: red herring
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: заговаривание зубов | ло́жный след
sense_list:
(figuratively) A clue, information, argument, etc. that is or is intended to be misleading, diverting attention from the real answer or issue.


lexentry: eng/red_imported_fire_ant__Noun__1
written_rep: red imported fire ant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кра́сный о́гненный мураве́й | мураве́й о́гненный и́мпортный кра́сный
sense_list:
Solenopsis invicta, a red ant native to South America that has become a pest in numerous other regions.


lexentry: eng/red_oak__Noun__1
written_rep: red oak
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дуб красный
sense_list:
(usually, countable) An oak tree with wood of a red tint, with leaves that have pointed lobes, Quercus rubra, native to eastern North America. | (usually, countable) A similar tree of any of the many species in Quercus subg. Quercus, section Lobatae, found mostly in North America.


lexentry: eng/red_panda__Noun__1
written_rep: red panda
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ма́лая па́нда
sense_list:
An omnivorous mammal of the genus Ailurus, native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia, which has dark red fur and a ringed tail.


lexentry: eng/red_pepper__Noun__1
written_rep: red pepper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: болга́рский пе́рец | кра́сный пе́рец | па́прика
sense_list:
A red-colored, ripe, bell or sweet pepper. Unripe peppers of this variety are green and edible but not as sweet.


lexentry: eng/red_phalarope__Noun__1
written_rep: red phalarope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: плосконосый плавунчик
sense_list:
The phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius, in its summer breeding plumage. Compare grey phalarope. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/red_rail__Noun__1
written_rep: red rail
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ры́жий маврики́йский пастушо́к
sense_list:
A bird of the extinct species †Aphanapteryx bonasia, from the family Rallidae, formerly endemic to Mauritius.


lexentry: eng/red_scare__Noun__1
written_rep: red scare
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кра́сная угро́за
sense_list:
Fearmongering on the topic of a rise in communism that will threaten Western nations, especially from Soviet Union and the Soviet bloc in the past, China, Cuba, North Korea, etc. but also from any leftist movement.


lexentry: eng/red_terror__Noun__1
written_rep: red terror
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: красный террор
sense_list:
(politics) Coordinated violence committed by communists, socialists, or other left-wing groups against (actual or perceived) class enemies.


lexentry: eng/red_tide__Noun__1
written_rep: red tide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кра́сный прили́в
sense_list:
An algal bloom of sufficient quantity to cause discoloration (often red) in a body of water; red tides can potentially cause irritation or death to exposed creatures.


lexentry: eng/redact__Verb__1
written_rep: redact
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: редакти́ровать | цензури́ровать
sense_list:
(usually, transitive) To censor, to black out or remove parts of a document while leaving the remainder.


lexentry: eng/redact__Verb__1
written_rep: redact
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: [[облека́ть]] в [[литературный|литерату́рную]] [[форма|фо́рму]] | редакти́ровать | составля́ть
sense_list:
To reduce to form, as literary matter; to digest and put in shape (matter for publication); to edit. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/redaction__Noun__1
written_rep: redaction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
(countable) An edited or censored version of a document; a product resulting from the process of editing or censoring.

trans_list:
[[пересмотренный|пересмо́тренное]] издание | перерабо́тка | реда́кция | редакти́рование | цензури́рование


lexentry: eng/redeem__Verb__1
written_rep: redeem
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вы́купить | выкупа́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To recover ownership of something by buying it back. | (transitive) To liberate by payment of a ransom.


lexentry: eng/redesign__Noun__1
written_rep: redesign
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: редиза́йн
sense_list:
A plan for making changes to the structure and functions of an artifact, building or system so as to better serve the purpose of the original design, or to serve purposes different from those set forth in the original design.


lexentry: eng/redirection__Noun__1
written_rep: redirection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перенаправле́ние
sense_list:
The act of setting a new direction. | (Internet) The automated process of taking a user to a location other than the one selected.


lexentry: eng/redneck__Noun__1
written_rep: redneck
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дереве́нщина | лох | не́уч | неве́жда
sense_list:
(slang, US, usually, pejorative, offensive, ethnic slur) A poor, rural, usually white, person from the Southern United States or parts of the Midwest and Northeast, especially one whose beliefs are seen as unsophisticated and backward; sometimes with additional connotations of being bigoted.


lexentry: eng/redound__Verb__1
written_rep: redound
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: приводи́ть к | спосо́бствовать
sense_list:
(obsolete, intransitive) To swell up (of water, waves etc.); to overflow, to surge (of bodily fluids). [14th–19th c.]


lexentry: eng/redox__Noun__1
written_rep: redox
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: окислительно-восстановительные реакции
sense_list:
(rare) (chemistry) A reaction in which an oxidation and a reduction occur simultaneously; a reaction in which electrons are transferred.


lexentry: eng/redpoll__Noun__1
written_rep: redpoll
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: чечётка
sense_list:
Any of various finches in the genus Acanthis (syn. Carduelis), which have characteristic red markings on their heads.


lexentry: eng/redress__Noun__1
written_rep: redress
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: восстановле́ние
sense_list:
A setting right, as of injury, oppression, or wrong, such as the redress of grievances; hence, indemnification; relief; remedy; reparation.


lexentry: eng/redress__Verb__1
written_rep: redress
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: восстана́вливать | исправля́ть | поднима́ть
sense_list:
To set right (a wrong); to repair, (an injury or damage); to make amends for; to remedy; to relieve from.


lexentry: eng/redress__Verb__1
written_rep: redress
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: компенси́ровать
sense_list:
To make amends or compensation to; to relieve of anything unjust or oppressive; to bestow relief upon.


lexentry: eng/redshift__Noun__1
written_rep: redshift
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кра́сное смеще́ние
sense_list:
(physics, :, astronomy, relativity) An increase in the wavelength of a photon or of light, corresponding to a lower frequency and a shift toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum.


lexentry: eng/redstart__Noun__1
written_rep: redstart
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: горихво́стка
sense_list:
Any of various insectivorous ground-feeding birds, mainly of the genus Phoenicurus. Many of the species have a red tail.


lexentry: eng/reduce__Verb__1
written_rep: reduce
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: уменьша́ть | сни́зить | снижа́ть | уме́ньшить | уступать | уступить
sense_list:
(transitive) To bring down the size, quantity, quality, value or intensity of something; to diminish, to lower.


lexentry: eng/reduction__Noun__1
written_rep: reduction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: восстановление
sense_list:
(chemistry) A reaction in which electrons are gained and valence is reduced; often by the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen. | (computability theory) A transformation of one problem into another problem, such as mapping reduction or polynomial-time reduction.


lexentry: eng/reductionism__Noun__1
written_rep: reductionism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: редукционизм
sense_list:
An approach to studying complex systems or ideas by reducing them to a set of simpler components. | (philosophy) A philosophical position which holds that a complex system is nothing but the sum of its parts, and that an account of it can be reduced to accounts of individual constituents. In a reductionist framework, the phenomena that can be explained completely in terms of relations between other more fundamental phenomena are called "epiphenomena".


lexentry: eng/redundancy__Noun__1
written_rep: redundancy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: избы́точность
sense_list:
Duplication of components or circuits to provide survival of the total system in case of failure of single components. | Duplication of parts of a message to guard against transmission errors.


lexentry: eng/redwing__Noun__1
written_rep: redwing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: белобро́вик | белобро́вый дрозд | дрозд-белобро́вик | дрозд-оре́ховник
sense_list:
A small thrush, Turdus iliacus, native to Eurasia, with a white eye stripe and red under-wing feathers.


lexentry: eng/reed__Noun__1
written_rep: reed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: камы́ш | тростни́к
sense_list:
(countable) Any of various types of tall stiff perennial grass-like plants growing together in groups near water.


lexentry: eng/reed__Noun__1
written_rep: reed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: язычо́к
sense_list:
(countable, music) Part of an aerophone musical instrument, comprising a thin piece of wood or metal, which vibrates to produce sound when air passes through it.


lexentry: eng/reed_bunting__Noun__1
written_rep: reed bunting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: камышо́вая овся́нка | тростнико́вая овся́нка
sense_list:
A passerine bird, Emberiza schoeniclus, sparrow-sized but slim and with a long, deeply notched tail.


lexentry: eng/reed_switch__Noun__1
written_rep: reed switch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: геркон
sense_list:
An electrical switch operated by an applied magnetic field that causes two flexible metal reeds to come into contact.


lexentry: eng/reed_warbler__Noun__1
written_rep: reed warbler
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: тростниковая камышевка
sense_list:
A warbler, of species of Acrocephalus scirpaceus in family Acrocephalidae, native to Eurasia and Africa. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/reel__Noun__1
written_rep: reel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: тре́йлер
sense_list:
(film) A short compilation of sample film work used as a demonstrative resume in the entertainment industry.


lexentry: eng/reel_in__Verb__1
written_rep: reel in
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вернуть
sense_list:
(fishing, transitive) To bring (a fish etc.) out of the water by winding the line on which it is caught onto a reel (e.g. of a fishing rod).


lexentry: eng/reem__Noun__1
written_rep: reem
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: единоро́г
sense_list:
A large horned animal in ancient Hebrew literature, variously identified with the wild ox or aurochs (Bos primigenius), the Arabian oryx, or a mythical creature (compare unicorn).


lexentry: eng/reenter__Verb__1
written_rep: reenter
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возвращаться
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To enter again; return into. | (transitive, computing) To enter again; retype, reinput.


lexentry: eng/referee__Noun__1
written_rep: referee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: поручи́тель | поручи́тельница | рецензе́нт
sense_list:
(UK) A person who writes a letter of reference or provides a reference by phone call for someone. US English: reference.


lexentry: eng/reference__Noun__1
written_rep: reference
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: рефере́нция | ссы́лка
sense_list:
(academic writing) A short written identification of a previously published work which is used as a source for a text.


lexentry: eng/reference__Noun__1
written_rep: reference
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: ссылка
sense_list:
(computing) An object containing information which refers to data stored elsewhere, as opposed to containing the data itself.


lexentry: eng/reference_work__Noun__1
written_rep: reference work
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: спра́вочные материа́лы | спра́вочный материа́л
sense_list:
A compendium of information which is not generally intended to be read from beginning to end but rather consulted on a spot basis, and is compiled for ease of reference; especially, a reference book, whether in print, digital, or both.


lexentry: eng/referral__Noun__1
written_rep: referral
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: направле́ние
sense_list:
The act or process of transferring someone or something to another, of sending by reference, or referring.


lexentry: eng/refinement__Noun__1
written_rep: refinement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отделка
sense_list:
The act, or the result of refining; the removal of impurities, or a purified material | High-class style; cultivation.


lexentry: eng/reflect__Verb__1
written_rep: reflect
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отража́ть | отража́ться | отрази́ть | отрази́ться
sense_list:
(transitive) To bend back (light, etc.) from a surface. | (intransitive) To be bent back (light, etc.) from a surface.


lexentry: eng/reflection__Noun__1
written_rep: reflection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: отраже́ние
sense_list:
The property of a propagated wave being thrown back from a surface (such as a mirror). | Something, such as an image, that is reflected.


lexentry: eng/reflector__Noun__1
written_rep: reflector
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: отража́тель | рефле́ктор
sense_list:
A small, often red, reflecting disk on the rear of a vehicle or bicycle that reflects the headlights of other vehicles.


lexentry: eng/reflexive__Adjective__1
written_rep: reflexive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: рефлекси́вный
sense_list:
(mathematics) Of a relation R on a set S, such that xRx for all members x of S (that is, the relation holds between any element of the set and itself).


lexentry: eng/reform__Noun__1
written_rep: reform
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рефо́рма | преобразова́ние | реформа
sense_list:
The change of something that is defective, broken, inefficient or otherwise negative, in order to correct or improve it


lexentry: eng/reform__Verb__1
written_rep: reform
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реформи́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive) To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better.


lexentry: eng/reformation__Noun__1
written_rep: reformation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рефо́рма
sense_list:
An improvement (or an intended improvement) in the existing form or condition of institutions or practices, etc.; intended to make a striking change for the better in social, political or religious affairs or in the conduct of persons or operation of organizations.


lexentry: eng/refract__Verb__1
written_rep: refract
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: преломи́ть | преломи́ться | преломля́ть | преломля́ться
sense_list:
(transitive, optics) To cause (light) to change direction as a result of entering a different medium.


lexentry: eng/refraction__Noun__1
written_rep: refraction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: преломле́ние | рефра́кция
sense_list:
(physics) The turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density.


lexentry: eng/refrain__Verb__1
written_rep: refrain
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: возде́рживаться | воздержа́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive, with preposition "from") To stop oneself from some action or interference; to abstain; to eschew [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/refresh__Noun__1
written_rep: refresh
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: обновле́ние
sense_list:
(computing) The update of a display (in a web browser or similar software) to show the latest version of the data.


lexentry: eng/refrigerate__Verb__1
written_rep: refrigerate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: храни́ть в холоди́льнике
sense_list:
(transitive, obsolete, _, in, _, general, _) To make (someone or something) cool; to cool down. | (transitive, specifically) To keep (something) cool by containing within a refrigerator.


lexentry: eng/refrigerator__Noun__1
written_rep: refrigerator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: холоди́льник | рефрижера́тор | холодильник
sense_list:
A household or commercial appliance used for keeping food fresh by refrigeration (short form fridge).


lexentry: eng/refuge_island__Noun__1
written_rep: refuge island
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: острово́к безопа́сности
sense_list:
A raised platform or other protective barrier in the middle of a street crossing, allowing pedestrians to pause safely in the middle of the road.


lexentry: eng/refugee__Noun__1
written_rep: refugee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: бе́женец | бе́женка | беженец
sense_list:
(attributive, also, figurative) A person seeking refuge (as for shelter or protection), especially in a foreign country, out of fear or prospect of political, religious persecution, war, natural disaster, etc. [from 1680s]


lexentry: eng/refugium__Noun__1
written_rep: refugium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оплот
sense_list:
Any local environment that has escaped regional ecological change and therefore provides a habitat for endangered species.


lexentry: eng/refurbish__Verb__1
written_rep: refurbish
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: восстана́вливать | обновля́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To rebuild or replenish with all new material; to restore to original (or better) working order and appearance.


lexentry: eng/refusenik__Noun__1
written_rep: refusenik
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отка́зник | отка́зница
sense_list:
(Soviet Union, historical, slang) One of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate (typically but not exclusively a Jewish citizen denied permission to emigrate to Israel). | (by extension, informal) A person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest; for example, one who refuses conscription or vaccination.


lexentry: eng/refutation__Noun__1
written_rep: refutation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: опроверже́ние | рефута́ция
sense_list:
An act of refuting or disproving; the disproving of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine or theory by argument or countervailing proof; evidence of falseness.


lexentry: eng/regale__Verb__1
written_rep: regale
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: по́тчевать | угоща́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To provide hospitality for (someone); to supply with abundant food and drink. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/regalia__Noun__1
written_rep: regalia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: регалия
sense_list:
The emblems, symbols, or paraphernalia indicative of royalty or any other sovereign status; such as a crown, orb, sceptre or sword. | Decorations or insignia indicative of an office or membership of an order or society; such as freemasonry.


lexentry: eng/regards__Noun__2
written_rep: regards
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: A greeting at the end of a letter or e-mail communication.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
всего́ до́брого | всего́ хоро́шего | всех благ | с наилу́чшими пожела́ниями | с тёплыми пожела́ниями


lexentry: eng/regency__Noun__1
written_rep: regency
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ре́гентство
sense_list:
A system of government that substitutes for the reign of a king or queen when that king or queen becomes unable to rule.


lexentry: eng/regent__Noun__1
written_rep: regent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ре́гент | регент
sense_list:
One who rules in place of the monarch, especially because the monarch is too young, absent, or disabled. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/reggae__Noun__1
written_rep: reggae
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ре́гги | рэ́гги
sense_list:
(Rastafari, music genre, originally, dance) A music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s and is heavily associated with Rastafarianism, featuring a heavy bass line and percussive rhythm guitar on the offbeat, often with close vocal harmonies.


lexentry: eng/regift__Verb__1
written_rep: regift
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: переда́ривать
sense_list:
(ditransitive, informal) To give something as a gift which the giver previously received as a gift; to give to a person something previously received as a gift.


lexentry: eng/regime__Noun__1
written_rep: regime
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: строй | режи́м
sense_list:
A form of government, or the government in power, particularly an authoritarian or totalitarian one.


lexentry: eng/regime_change__Noun__1
written_rep: regime change
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сме́на режи́ма
sense_list:
(politics, geopolitics) The overthrow of a government that is considered an illegitimate regime by means of external force (especially military might), and its replacement with a new government according to the concept of political legitimacy promoted by that force.


lexentry: eng/regimen__Noun__1
written_rep: regimen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: управление
sense_list:
(grammar) A syntactical relation between words, as when one depends on another and is regulated by it in respect to case or mood; government.


lexentry: eng/regiment__Noun__1
written_rep: regiment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: полк
sense_list:
(military) A unit of armed troops under the command of an officer, and consisting of several smaller units. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/regio__Noun__1
written_rep: regio
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: о́бласть
sense_list:
(astronomy, geology, planetary geology) Any large area of a planet or moon that is strongly differentiated from neighbouring areas by colour or albedo.


lexentry: eng/region__Noun__1
written_rep: region
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: райо́н | край | о́бласть | регио́н
sense_list:
Any considerable and connected part of a space or surface; specifically, a tract of land or sea of considerable but indefinite extent; a country; a district; in a broad sense, a place without special reference to location or extent but viewed as an entity for geographical, social or cultural reasons.


lexentry: eng/regional_economics__Noun__1
written_rep: regional economics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: региона́льная эконо́мика
sense_list:
A sub-discipline of economics that examines economic theories and policies particular to specific regions.


lexentry: eng/regional_lockout__Noun__1
written_rep: regional lockout
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: регионарное замыка́ние | регионарное зашифрование
sense_list:
(video games, DVD, television) The programming practice, code, or chip used to prevent the playing of imported media on a domestically marketed device.


lexentry: eng/regionalism__Noun__1
written_rep: regionalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: райони́рование
sense_list:
(politics) The belief that most or nearly all political power should be decentralized to regional governments.


lexentry: eng/regionalism__Noun__1
written_rep: regionalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: го́вор | провинциали́зм
sense_list:
(countable, linguistics) A word or phrase originating in, characteristic of, or limited to a region.


lexentry: eng/register__Noun__1
written_rep: register
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: регистр
sense_list:
A certificate issued by the collector of customs of a port or district to the owner of a vessel, containing the description of a vessel, its name, ownership, and other material facts. It is kept on board the vessel, to be used as evidence of nationality or as a muniment of title. | (computing) A small unit of very fast memory that is directly accessible to the central processing unit, and is mostly used to store inputs, outputs, or intermediate results of computations.


lexentry: eng/register_office__Noun__1
written_rep: register office
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: загс
sense_list:
(UK, Irish) The local office in which births, marriages and deaths are registered, and in which civil marriages are conducted and recorded.


lexentry: eng/registered__Adjective__1
written_rep: registered
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: заказно́й
sense_list:
(mail service) Having a mailed item recorded in a register to enable its location to be tracked, sometimes with added insurance to cover loss.


lexentry: eng/registered_nurse__Noun__1
written_rep: registered nurse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: медбрат
sense_list:
A professional nurse who is a licensed graduate of a university or college of nursing who has successfully passed an examination such as NCLEX-RN.


lexentry: eng/registered_trademark__Noun__1
written_rep: registered trademark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зарегистри́рованный това́рный знак
sense_list:
A trademark that has been officially registered with the government by its owner. Indicated by the symbol ®.


lexentry: eng/registration__Noun__1
written_rep: registration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: регистра́ция
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) The act of signing up or registering for something. | (countable) That which registers or makes something official, e.g. the form or paper that registers.


lexentry: eng/registry__Noun__1
written_rep: registry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: рее́стр
sense_list:
(countable, computing) A database of configuration settings etc. maintained by the Microsoft Windows operating system.


lexentry: eng/regolith__Noun__1
written_rep: regolith
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реголи́т
sense_list:
(geology) The layer of loose rock, dust, sand, and soil, resting on the bedrock, that constitutes the surface layer of most dry land on Earth, the Moon, and other large solid aggregated celestial objects. Submarine regolith also exists.


lexentry: eng/regressive__Adjective__1
written_rep: regressive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: регресси́вный
sense_list:
That tends to return, revert or regress. | (of a tax) Whose rate decreases as the taxed amount increases.


lexentry: eng/regret__Noun__1
written_rep: regret
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сожале́ние
sense_list:
Emotional pain on account of something done or experienced in the past, with a wish that it had been different; a looking back with dissatisfaction or with longing. | (decision theory) The amount of avoidable loss that results from choosing the wrong action. | A person invited to an event who was unable to attend, but notified the organizer of this beforehand; a nonattendee.


lexentry: eng/regret__Verb__1
written_rep: regret
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: сожале́ть | жале́ть
sense_list:
To feel sorry about (a thing that has or has not happened), afterthink: to wish that a thing had not happened, that something else had happened instead.


lexentry: eng/regular__Adjective__1
written_rep: regular
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: пра́вильный
sense_list:
(geometry, of a polygon) Both equilateral and equiangular; having all sides of the same length, and all (corresponding) angles of the same size [from 16th c.] | Demonstrating a consistent set of rules; showing order, evenness of operation or occurrence. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/regular__Adjective__1
written_rep: regular
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: правильный
sense_list:
(geometry, of a polyhedron) Whose faces are all congruent regular polygons, equally inclined to each other.


lexentry: eng/regular__Adjective__1
written_rep: regular
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: пра́вильный | регулярный
sense_list:
(grammar, of a verb, plural, etc) Following a set or common pattern; according to the normal rules of a given language. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/regular__Adjective__1
written_rep: regular
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: норма́льный | обы́чный
sense_list:
(chiefly, US) Having the expected characteristics or appearances; normal, ordinary, standard. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/regular__Adjective__1
written_rep: regular
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 11
trans_list: регуля́рный
sense_list:
(chiefly, military) Permanently organised; being part of a set professional body of troops. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/regular_expression__Noun__1
written_rep: regular expression
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реге́кс | регуля́рное выраже́ние | регэ́ксп
sense_list:
(comptheory) A concise description of a regular formal language with notations for concatenation, alternation, and iteration (repetition) of subexpressions.


lexentry: eng/regular_polygon__Noun__1
written_rep: regular polygon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пра́вильный многоуго́льник
sense_list:
(geometry) A polygon which is both equiangular and equilateral (i.e. having all sides the same length and all interior angles the same).


lexentry: eng/regular_verb__Noun__1
written_rep: regular verb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пра́вильный глаго́л
sense_list:
(grammar) A verb which conjugates regularly. In English, a verb which uses an -ed suffix to form its past participle.


lexentry: eng/regulation__Noun__1
written_rep: regulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: пра́вило | предписа́ние | регла́мент | уста́в
sense_list:
(countable) A law or administrative rule, issued by an organization, used to guide or prescribe the conduct of members of that organization.


lexentry: eng/regulator__Noun__1
written_rep: regulator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: регулиро́вщик | регулиро́вщица
sense_list:
A person or group that sets standards of practice, especially regulatory law as sanctioned by statutory law.


lexentry: eng/rehabilitate__Verb__1
written_rep: rehabilitate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реабилити́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive) To restore (someone) to their former state, reputation, possessions, status etc. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/rehearsal__Noun__1
written_rep: rehearsal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: репети́ция | репетиция
sense_list:
The practising of something which is to be performed before an audience, usually to test or improve the interaction between several participating people, or to allow technical adjustments with respect to staging to be done.


lexentry: eng/rehearse__Verb__1
written_rep: rehearse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: репети́ровать
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To practise by recitation or repetition in private for experiment and improvement, prior to a public representation, especially in theater. | (transitive, theatre) To cause to rehearse; to instruct by rehearsal.


lexentry: eng/reheat__Verb__1
written_rep: reheat
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: подогре́ть | подогрева́ть | разогре́ть | разогрева́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To heat something after it has cooled off, especially previously cooked food (also in figurative senses).


lexentry: eng/reification__Noun__1
written_rep: reification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реификация
sense_list:
The consideration of an abstract thing as if it were concrete, or of an inanimate object as if it were living.


lexentry: eng/reindeer__Noun__1
written_rep: reindeer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: кари́бу | се́верный оле́нь | северный олень
sense_list:
(plural: reindeer) Any Arctic and subarctic-dwelling deer of the species Rangifer tarandus, with a number of subspecies.


lexentry: eng/reinsurance__Noun__1
written_rep: reinsurance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перестрахо́вка | перестрахова́ние
sense_list:
(business, insurance) Insurance purchased by insurance companies that spreads the risk associated with selling insurance around so the danger of one large monetary loss is minimized.


lexentry: eng/reinvent_the_wheel__Verb__1
written_rep: reinvent the wheel
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: изобрета́ть велосипе́д
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To do work unnecessarily when it has already been done satisfactorily by others; to attempt to devise a solution to a problem when a solution already exists.


lexentry: eng/rejig__Verb__1
written_rep: rejig
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: организовывать
sense_list:
(transitive) To rearrange or tweak (something), especially in order to improve it or make it suitable for some purpose.


lexentry: eng/relapse__Verb__1
written_rep: relapse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: обостряться | рецидивировать
sense_list:
(intransitive, medicine, of a disease) To recur; to worsen, be aggravated (after a period of improvement).


lexentry: eng/relapsing_fever__Noun__1
written_rep: relapsing fever
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возвратный тиф
sense_list:
(pathology) An infection caused by certain bacteria of the genus Borrelia, transmitted by lice and ticks.


lexentry: eng/relation__Noun__1
written_rep: relation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: изложе́ние | повествова́ние | расска́з | сообще́ние
sense_list:
(mathematics) A statement of equality of two products of generators, used in the presentation of a group.


lexentry: eng/relational__Adjective__1
written_rep: relational
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: ро́дственный
sense_list:
(art) Dealing with the whole of human relations and their social context, rather than an independent and private space.


lexentry: eng/relational_antonym__Noun__1
written_rep: relational antonym
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: конверсив
sense_list:
(semantics) A term that, together with another term, forms a pair of opposite role names in a relationship, such as parent and child.


lexentry: eng/relational_database__Noun__1
written_rep: relational database
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реляционная база данных
sense_list:
(databases) A database consisting of separate tables, having explicitly defined relationships, and whose elements may be selectively combined as the results of queries.


lexentry: eng/relations_of_production__Noun__1
written_rep: relations of production
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: производственные отношения
sense_list:
(Marxism) The sum total of social relationships that people must enter into in order to survive, produce, and reproduce their means of life.


lexentry: eng/relationship__Noun__1
written_rep: relationship
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: отноше́ние
sense_list:
(mathematics) The links between the x-values and y-values of ordered pairs of numbers especially coordinates.


lexentry: eng/relative_clause__Noun__1
written_rep: relative clause
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: относи́тельное прида́точное предложе́ние
sense_list:
(grammar) A subordinate clause that modifies or gives further information about a noun or sometimes whole statement; in English, may be introduced by a relative pronoun (sometimes optional) such as that, which or who.


lexentry: eng/relative_humidity__Noun__1
written_rep: relative humidity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: относи́тельная вла́жность | относи́тельная вла́жность во́здуха
sense_list:
(meteorology) The ratio of the actual amount of water vapor (absolute humidity) present in the air to the saturation point at the same temperature, usually expressed as a percentage.


lexentry: eng/relative_pitch__Noun__1
written_rep: relative pitch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: интерва́льный слух | относи́тельный слух
sense_list:
(music, uncountable) The ability to identify or create a given note by comparing it with a reference note and discerning the interval between those two notes.


lexentry: eng/relative_pronoun__Noun__1
written_rep: relative pronoun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: относи́тельное местоиме́ние
sense_list:
(grammar) A pronoun that introduces a relative clause and refers to an antecedent. In English, some words that can be used as interrogative pronouns can alternatively be used as relative pronouns: which, who, whose, whom and (non-standard) what. The other English relative pronouns are whoever, whomever, whatever, and that.


lexentry: eng/relatively__Adverb__1
written_rep: relatively
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: относи́тельно | сравни́тельно
sense_list:
In a relative manner; with reference to environment or competition; contextually or comparatively. | (sometimes, proscribed) Somewhat; fairly.


lexentry: eng/relativism__Noun__1
written_rep: relativism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: релятиви́зм
sense_list:
(uncountable, philosophy) The theory, especially in ethics or aesthetics, that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them.


lexentry: eng/relativity__Noun__1
written_rep: relativity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: относи́тельность | относительность
sense_list:
(uncountable) The state of being relative to something else; the absence of universally applicable rules or standards; relativism; (countable) an instance of this. | (uncountable, physics) Ellipsis of principle of relativity (“the principle that the laws of physics should be the same for all observers”).


lexentry: eng/relaxation__Noun__1
written_rep: relaxation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: расслабле́ние | релакса́ция
sense_list:
The act of relaxing or the state of being relaxed; the opposite of stress or tension; the aim of recreation and leisure activities.


lexentry: eng/relay__Noun__1
written_rep: relay
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: эстафе́та
sense_list:
(athletics) A track and field discipline where runners take turns in carrying a baton from start to finish. The most common events are 4×100 meter and 4×400 meter competitions. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/relay__Noun__1
written_rep: relay
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: реле́ | реле
sense_list:
(electronics) An electrical actuator that allows a relatively small electrical voltage or current to control a larger voltage or current. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/relay_race__Noun__1
written_rep: relay race
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: эстафе́та
sense_list:
(sports) A sports contest where the members of a team take turns e.g. swimming, running or skiing parts of a circuit.


lexentry: eng/relay_strike__Noun__1
written_rep: relay strike
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[эстафе́тная]] [[забасто́вка]]
sense_list:
(chiefly, India) A type of strike where workers in a particular sector strike sequentially per business.


lexentry: eng/release__Noun__1
written_rep: release
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: освобожде́ние
sense_list:
The event of setting (someone or something) free (e.g. hostages, slaves, prisoners, caged animals, hooked or stuck mechanisms).


lexentry: eng/release__Noun__1
written_rep: release
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ве́рсия | вы́пуск | рели́з
sense_list:
(software) The distribution, either public or private, of an initial or new and upgraded version of a computer software product.


lexentry: eng/relegation_zone__Noun__1
written_rep: relegation zone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: конец турнирной таблицы | подвал
sense_list:
(sports) The bottom part of e.g. a sports table, listing how well teams have played over a period of time. All teams that end up in the relegation zone are relegated.


lexentry: eng/relevant__Adjective__1
written_rep: relevant
part_of_speech: adjective
sense_list: Related, connected, or pertinent to a topic.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
[[иметь|име́ющий]] [[отноше́ние]] | [[относиться|относя́щийся]] к [[дело|де́лу]] | релева́нтный | соотве́тствующий | уме́стный


lexentry: eng/reliability__Noun__1
written_rep: reliability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: то́чность
sense_list:
(education) the ability to measure the same thing consistently (of a measurement indicating the degree to which the measure is consistent); that is, repeated measurements would give the same result (See also validity).


lexentry: eng/relief__Noun__2
written_rep: relief
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: барелье́ф | релье́ф
sense_list:
(uncountable) A method of sculpture or other artwork in which shapes or figures protrude from a flat background. | (heraldry) The supposed projection of a charge from the surface of a field, indicated by shading on the sinister and lower sides.


lexentry: eng/relieve__Verb__1
written_rep: relieve
part_of_speech: verb
trans_list:
облегча́ться | облегчи́ться | отпра́вить есте́ственные на́добности | отправля́ть есте́ственные на́добности | спра́вить нужду́ | справля́ть нужду́


lexentry: eng/religion__Noun__1
written_rep: religion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рели́гия | ве́ра | вероиспове́дание | религия
sense_list:
(uncountable) Belief in a spiritual or metaphysical reality (often including at least one deity), accompanied by practices or rituals pertaining to the belief.


lexentry: eng/religious_order__Noun__1
written_rep: religious order
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: орден
sense_list:
(religion) An organized community of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with their specific religious devotion, usually characterized by the principles of the founder's religious practice.


lexentry: eng/remain__Verb__1
written_rep: remain
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: оста́ться | остава́ться
sense_list:
(mathematics) To be left after a number or quantity has been subtracted or cut off; to be left as not included or comprised. | To continue unchanged in place, form, or condition, or undiminished in quantity; to abide; to stay; to endure; to last.


lexentry: eng/remainder__Noun__1
written_rep: remainder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оста́тки | оста́ток
sense_list:
A part or parts remaining after some has/have been removed or already occurred. | (commerce) Excess stock items left unsold and subject to reduction in price.


lexentry: eng/remainder__Noun__1
written_rep: remainder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: оста́ток | остаток
sense_list:
(mathematics) The amount left over after subtracting the divisor as many times as possible from the dividend without producing a negative result. If n (dividend) and d (divisor) are integers, then n can always be expressed in the form n = dq + r, where q (quotient) and r (remainder) are also integers and 0 ≤ r &#60; d.


lexentry: eng/remark__Verb__1
written_rep: remark
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: заме́тить | замеча́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, with clause as object) To express in words or writing; to state, as an observation. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/remembrance__Noun__1
written_rep: remembrance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: па́мять | припомина́ние
sense_list:
The act of remembering; a holding in mind, or bringing to mind; recollection. | The power of remembering; the reach of personal knowledge; the period over which one's memory extends.


lexentry: eng/remembrance__Noun__1
written_rep: remembrance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: [[пода́рок]] на [[па́мять]] | напомина́ние | сувени́р
sense_list:
That which serves to keep in or bring to mind; a memento, a memorial, a souvenir, a token; a memorandum or note of something to be remembered.


lexentry: eng/remind__Verb__1
written_rep: remind
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: напо́мнить | напомина́ть | напоминать
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause one to experience a memory (of someone or something); to bring to the notice or consideration (of a person).


lexentry: eng/reminisce__Verb__1
written_rep: reminisce
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вспо́мнить | вспомина́ть
sense_list:
(intransitive) To recall the past in a private moment, often fondly or nostalgically. | (intransitive) To talk or write about memories of the past, especially pleasant memories.


lexentry: eng/remiss__Adjective__1
written_rep: remiss
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: небре́жный
sense_list:
Not energetic or exact in duty or business; careless; tardy; slack; hence, lacking earnestness or activity; languid; slow.


lexentry: eng/remission__Noun__1
written_rep: remission
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: индульгенция | отпуще́ние
sense_list:
A pardon of a sin; (chiefly, historical, also, figuratively) the forgiveness of an offence, or relinquishment of a (legal) claim or a debt.


lexentry: eng/remission__Noun__1
written_rep: remission
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: реми́ссия
sense_list:
(medicine) An abatement or lessening of the manifestations of a disease; a period where the symptoms of a disease are absent. | A lessening of amount due, as in either money or work, or intensity of a thing.


lexentry: eng/remix__Noun__1
written_rep: remix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: реми́кс
sense_list:
(music) A rearrangement of an older piece of music, possibly including various cosmetic changes. | (music) A piece of music formed by combining existing pieces of music together, possibly including various other cosmetic changes


lexentry: eng/remnant__Noun__1
written_rep: remnant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оста́ток
sense_list:
The small portion remaining of a larger thing or group. | An unsold end of piece goods, as cloth, ribbons, carpets, etc.


lexentry: eng/remonstrate__Verb__1
written_rep: remonstrate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: возража́ть | протестова́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, often with an object consisting of direct speech or a clause beginning with that) To state or plead as an objection, formal protest, or expression of disapproval. | To point out; to show clearly; to make plain or manifest; hence, to prove; to demonstrate.


lexentry: eng/remora__Noun__1
written_rep: remora
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: прилипа́ла
sense_list:
Any of various elongate fish from the family Echeneidae, the dorsal fin of which is in the form of a suction disc that can take a firm hold against the skin of larger marine animals. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/remote_control__Noun__1
written_rep: remote control
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: пульт | ПДУ | дистанцио́нное управле́ние | пульт дистанцио́нного управле́ния
sense_list:
(countable) A device used to operate an appliance (such as a television, vehicle, or mechanical toy) from a short distance away.


lexentry: eng/remote_sensing__Noun__1
written_rep: remote sensing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: дистанционное зондирование Земли
sense_list:
(science) The capability to gain information about an object without coming in direct contact with it, for example via satellite imaging or thermal imaging.


lexentry: eng/removal__Noun__1
written_rep: removal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: увольнение
sense_list:
(Ireland) An evening funeral ritual in which the coffin holding the deceased is brought, usually from a funeral home, to the church where the funeral mass will be celebrated the following day. Prayers are said before and after the journey, after which mourners are typically received at the home of the deceased.


lexentry: eng/rendaku__Noun__1
written_rep: rendaku
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рэнда́ку | рэндаку
sense_list:
(linguistics) In the Japanese language, a phenomenon which governs the voicing of the initial consonant of the non-initial portion of a compound or prefixed word. An example is 時々 (ときどき, tokidoki), where the second, iterative element "-toki" becomes "-doki" and 折り紙 (おりがみ, origami) where the word 紙 (かみ, kami; paper) becomes "gami".


lexentry: eng/render_unto_Caesar__Verb__1
written_rep: render unto Caesar
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Цезарю Цезарево
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To give (something) to one's state or government, especially in the form of a tax payment.


lexentry: eng/rendition__Noun__1
written_rep: rendition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: изложение | толкование | трактовка
sense_list:
An interpretation or performance of an artwork, especially a musical score or musical work. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/renew__Verb__1
written_rep: renew
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: обнови́ть | обновля́ть | повтори́ть | повторя́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To make (something) new again; to restore to freshness or original condition. [from 14thc.]


lexentry: eng/renew__Verb__1
written_rep: renew
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: поднови́ть | подновля́ть | продлева́ть | продли́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive) To extend a period of loan, especially a library book that is due to be returned.


lexentry: eng/renewable_energy__Noun__1
written_rep: renewable energy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возобновля́емая эне́ргия | регенерати́вная эне́ргия
sense_list:
Energy that is collected from renewable resources, such as wind, water, or the sun, usually and especially as applied to a category of electrical generation.


lexentry: eng/rennet__Noun__1
written_rep: rennet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ре́ннин
sense_list:
An enzyme used as the first step in making cheese, to curdle the milk and coagulate the casein in it, derived by soaking the fourth stomach of a milk-fed calf in brine.


lexentry: eng/renounce__Verb__1
written_rep: renounce
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: отступа́ться | отступи́ться
sense_list:
(transitive) To abandon, forsake, discontinue (an action, habit, intention, etc), sometimes by open declaration.


lexentry: eng/rent__Noun__1
written_rep: rent
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: A payment made by a tenant at intervals in order to lease a property.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
[[арендный|аре́ндная]] [[пла́та]] | [[квартирный|кварти́рная]] [[пла́та]] | аре́нда | квартпла́та | ре́нта


lexentry: eng/rent__Verb__1
written_rep: rent
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: брать напрока́т | взять напрока́т | нанима́ть | наня́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To obtain or have temporary possession of an object (e.g. a movie) in exchange for money.


lexentry: eng/rentier__Noun__1
written_rep: rentier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рантье́ | рантье
sense_list:
An individual who receives an income, usually interest, rent, dividends, capital gains, or profits from his or her assets and investments.


lexentry: eng/rep__Noun__2
written_rep: rep
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: репс
sense_list:
(textiles) A fabric made of silk or wool, or of silk and wool, and having a transversely corded or ribbed surface. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/reparation__Noun__1
written_rep: reparation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возмеще́ние | компенса́ция | репара́ция
sense_list:
(usually, in the plural) A payment of time, effort or money to compensate for past transgression(s).


lexentry: eng/repartee__Noun__1
written_rep: repartee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[остроу́мный]] [[отве́т]]
sense_list:
A swift, witty reply, especially one that is amusing. | A conversation marked by a series of witty retorts.


lexentry: eng/repatriate__Noun__1
written_rep: repatriate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: репатриа́нт | репатриа́нтка
sense_list:
A person who has returned to their country of origin or whose original citizenship has been restored.


lexentry: eng/repatriate__Verb__1
written_rep: repatriate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: репатрии́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive) To restore (a person) to their own country. | (transitive) To return or restore (artworks, museum exhibits, etc.) to their country of origin.


lexentry: eng/repdigit__Noun__1
written_rep: repdigit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: репди́гиты
sense_list:
(recreational mathematics) A number composed only of one or more occurrences of one specific digit and no other digit.


lexentry: eng/repeal__Verb__1
written_rep: repeal
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аннули́ровать | отмени́ть | отменя́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To cancel, invalidate, annul. | To recall; to summon (a person) again; to bring (a person) back from exile or banishment. | To suppress; to repel.


lexentry: eng/repechage__Noun__1
written_rep: repechage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: репеша́ж
sense_list:
(sports, countable) A heat (as in rowing or fencing) in which the best competitors who have lost in a previous round compete for a place or places yet left in the next round.


lexentry: eng/repent__Verb__1
written_rep: repent
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ка́яться | пока́яться | раска́иваться | раска́яться | сожале́ть | сокруша́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To feel pain, sorrow, or regret for what one has done or omitted to do; the cause for repenting may be indicated with "of".


lexentry: eng/repent__Verb__1
written_rep: repent
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: жале́ть | ка́яться | пока́яться | раска́иваться | раска́яться | сожале́ть
sense_list:
(theology, intransitive) To be sorry for sin as morally evil, and to seek forgiveness; to cease to practice sin and to love.


lexentry: eng/repertoire__Noun__1
written_rep: repertoire
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: репертуа́р
sense_list:
A list of dramas, operas, pieces, parts, etc., which a company or a person has rehearsed and is prepared to perform or display. | The set of skills, abilities, experiences, etc., possessed by a person.


lexentry: eng/repetition__Noun__1
written_rep: repetition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: повторе́ние | [[зау́чивание]] [[наизу́сть]]
sense_list:
(weightlifting) : The act of performing a single, controlled exercise motion. A group of repetitions is a set.


lexentry: eng/replay__Noun__1
written_rep: replay
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: повтор
sense_list:
An act or instance of replaying (of playing something, such as a game, again); a replaying of (something).


lexentry: eng/reply__Verb__1
written_rep: reply
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отве́тить | отвеча́ть
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive) To give a written or spoken response, especially to a question, request, accusation or criticism; to answer. | (intransitive) To act or gesture in response.


lexentry: eng/report__Noun__1
written_rep: report
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отчёт | докла́д | репорта́ж | ра́порт | репо́рт | сво́дка
sense_list:
A piece of information describing, or an account of certain events given or presented to someone, with the most common adpositions being by (referring to creator of the report) and on (referring to the subject).


lexentry: eng/report__Verb__1
written_rep: report
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: яви́ться | явля́ться
sense_list:
(obsolete, reflexive) To take oneself (to someone or something) for guidance or support; to appeal. [15th–18th c.] | (intransitive) To show up or appear at an appointed time; to present oneself. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/report__Verb__1
written_rep: report
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: сообща́ть | сообщи́ть | докла́дывать | доложи́ть | отчи́тываться | отчита́ться
sense_list:
(formal, transitive) To notify someone of (particular intelligence, suspicions, illegality, misconduct etc.); to make notification to relevant authorities; to submit a formal report of. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/report__Verb__1
written_rep: report
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: сообща́ть | сообщи́ть | отчи́тываться | отчита́ться | яви́ться | явля́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To be accountable to or subordinate to (someone) in a hierarchy; to receive orders from (someone); to give official updates to (someone who is above oneself in a hierarchy).


lexentry: eng/report_card__Noun__1
written_rep: report card
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: та́бель | та́бель успева́емости
sense_list:
(education) A document, on cardboard or plain paper, indicating the grades that a student has earned, issued at the end of a term of a regular period.


lexentry: eng/reported_speech__Noun__1
written_rep: reported speech
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ко́свенная речь
sense_list:
(grammar, narratology) A form of speech used to express what another has said, often involving a change in tense.


lexentry: eng/repose__Noun__1
written_rep: repose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: о́тдых
sense_list:
(uncountable) Temporary cessation from activity to rest and recover, especially in the form of sleep; rest; (countable) an instance of this; a break, a rest; a sleep.


lexentry: eng/repose__Noun__1
written_rep: repose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: споко́йствие | поко́й
sense_list:
(uncountable) The state of being peacefully inactive or relaxed, or being free from disturbances or worries; calmness, ease, peace, quietness.


lexentry: eng/repose__Noun__1
written_rep: repose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 11
trans_list: спя́чка
sense_list:
(uncountable, chiefly, geology) Of a natural phenomenon, especially the eruption of a volcano: the state of temporary cessation of activity; dormancy, quiescence.


lexentry: eng/repository__Noun__1
written_rep: repository
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: репозито́рий
sense_list:
(archiving, computing) A storage location for files, such as downloadable software packages, or files in a source control system.


lexentry: eng/represent__Verb__1
written_rep: represent
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: представля́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To present again or anew; to present by means of something standing in the place of; to exhibit the counterpart or image of; to typify. | (transitive) To stand or act in the place of; to perform the duties, exercise the rights, or otherwise act on behalf of


lexentry: eng/representation__Noun__1
written_rep: representation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: аге́нтство
sense_list:
(politics) The ability to elect a representative to speak on one's behalf in government; the role of this representative in government.


lexentry: eng/representation__Noun__1
written_rep: representation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: описание
sense_list:
(mathematics) An action of some algebraic structure (typically a group or algebra, particularly a Lie algebra) on a vector space, such that each element acts by a linear endomorphism.


lexentry: eng/representative__Noun__1
written_rep: representative
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: делега́т | делега́тка | представи́тель | представи́тельница | уполномо́ченная | уполномо́ченный
sense_list:
One who speaks for or acts on behalf of another in a particular (especially official) capacity. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/representative_democracy__Noun__1
written_rep: representative democracy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: представи́тельная демокра́тия
sense_list:
(politics) A policy under the rule of people acting on the behalf of and, to a lesser extent, in the interests of the voting blocks by which they were elected.


lexentry: eng/repression__Noun__1
written_rep: repression
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: подавле́ние
sense_list:
(psychology) The involuntary rejection from consciousness of painful or disagreeable ideas, memories, feelings, or impulses.


lexentry: eng/reprieve__Noun__1
written_rep: reprieve
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: отсро́чка
sense_list:
The cancellation or postponement of a punishment. | A cancellation or postponement of a proposed event undesired by many.


lexentry: eng/reprint__Noun__1
written_rep: reprint
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: переиздание
sense_list:
A book, pamphlet or other printed matter that has been published once before but is now being released again.


lexentry: eng/reprise__Noun__1
written_rep: reprise
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: репри́за
sense_list:
(music) A repetition of a phrase, a return to an earlier theme, or a second rendition or version of a song in a programme or musical.


lexentry: eng/reproducibility__Noun__1
written_rep: reproducibility
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: воспроизводимость
sense_list:
The closeness of agreement among repeated measurements of a variable made under the same operating conditions over a period of time, or by different people. | The quality of being reproducible.


lexentry: eng/reproducible__Adjective__1
written_rep: reproducible
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: воспроизводи́мый
sense_list:
(of a measurement, experiment etc) Capable of being reproduced at a different time or place and by different people.


lexentry: eng/reproductive_system__Noun__1
written_rep: reproductive system
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: репродуктивная систе́ма
sense_list:
(anatomy) The system of organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction.


lexentry: eng/reprove__Verb__1
written_rep: reprove
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ругать
sense_list:
(transitive) To criticise, rebuke, or reprimand (someone), usually in a gentle and kind tone. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/reptile__Noun__1
written_rep: reptile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: гад | пресмыка́ющееся | репти́лия | рептилия
sense_list:
(informal) Any member of the class Reptilia that is not a bird— a cold-blooded vertebrate with dry scales that usually lays eggs, such as a lizard, snake, turtle, tortoise, crocodile, alligator, etc. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/republic__Noun__1
written_rep: republic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: республика | респу́блика
sense_list:
A state where sovereignty rests with the people or their representatives, rather than with a monarch or emperor; a country with no monarchy. | (archaic) A state, which may or may not be a monarchy, in which the executive and legislative branches of government are separate.


lexentry: eng/republican__Adjective__1
written_rep: republican
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: республика́нский | республиканский
sense_list:
Advocating or supporting a republic as a form of government, advocating or supporting republicanism. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/republicanism__Noun__1
written_rep: republicanism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: республика́нство | республикани́зм
sense_list:
The political ideology of being a citizen in a state as a republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty.


lexentry: eng/republish__Verb__1
written_rep: republish
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: переизда́ть | переиздава́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To publish once again; to print and distribute copies of a work that has previously been printed and distributed.


lexentry: eng/repulsion__Noun__1
written_rep: repulsion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: отталкивание
sense_list:
(physics) The repulsive force acting between bodies of the same electric charge or magnetic polarity.


lexentry: eng/require__Verb__1
written_rep: require
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: потре́бовать | тре́бовать
sense_list:
To demand, to insist upon (having); to call for authoritatively. [from 14th c.] | To demand (of someone) to do something. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/requirement__Noun__1
written_rep: requirement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: необходи́мость | нужда́ | потре́бность | тре́бование
sense_list:
A necessity or prerequisite; something required or obligatory. Its adpositions are generally of in relation to who or what has given it, on in relation to whom or what it is given to, and for in relation to what is required.


lexentry: eng/requisition__Noun__1
written_rep: requisition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: запро́с | зая́вка | тре́бование
sense_list:
(medicine) A formal request by a doctor or other clinician, usually on a standardized form, for specific medical tests or procedures to be performed on a patient by a third party, such as a laboratory or imaging center


lexentry: eng/requite__Verb__1
written_rep: requite
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: вознаграждать | отпла́чивать
sense_list:
To repay (someone) a debt owed; specifically, to recompense or reward (someone) for a favour, a service rendered, etc.


lexentry: eng/requite__Verb__1
written_rep: requite
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: мстить
sense_list:
To retaliate or seek revenge against (someone) for an insult, a wrong, etc.; also (reflexive, rare) , to seek revenge for (oneself).


lexentry: eng/rerun__Noun__1
written_rep: rerun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: повто́р | повто́рный пока́з | повторе́ние | ретрансля́ция
sense_list:
(American) A television program shown after its initial presentation, particularly many weeks after its initial presentation; a repeat.


lexentry: eng/rerun__Verb__1
written_rep: rerun
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: повторя́ть | повторя́ть трансля́цию | ретрансли́ровать
sense_list:
(transitive) To broadcast (a television program etc.) again. | (transitive) To run (a computer program) again.


lexentry: eng/rescind__Verb__1
written_rep: rescind
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: аннули́ровать | расто́ргнуть | расторга́ть
sense_list:
(transitive) To repeal, annul, or declare void; to take (something such as a rule or contract) out of effect.


lexentry: eng/rescript__Noun__1
written_rep: rescript
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: рескри́пт
sense_list:
(historical, _, law) A clarification of a point of law by a monarch issued upon formal consultation by a lower magistrate. | (canon law) An ad hoc reply of a pope to some specific question of canon law or morality, without precedential force, sometimes (improper) inclusive of decretals which serve as precedents in canon law.


lexentry: eng/research__Noun__1
written_rep: research
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: иссле́дование | исследование
sense_list:
(uncountable, countable, _, in some dialects) Diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise facts, principles, theories, applications, etc. (that are currently available, or that are familiar to one's self). | (countable, dated) A particular instance or piece of research.


lexentry: eng/resection__Noun__1
written_rep: resection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: резекция
sense_list:
(medicine) The surgical removal of part or all of a tissue, organ, tumor, or body part. | (surveying) A method of determining a position by using a map and compass bearings for two additional points.


lexentry: eng/reseda__Noun__1
written_rep: reseda
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: резеда́
sense_list:
(botany) Any of various plants of the genus Reseda having small, pale grayish green flowers, such as dyer's rocket (Reseda luteola) and mignonette (Reseda odorata).


lexentry: eng/reseller__Noun__1
written_rep: reseller
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: перепродаве́ц | ресе́ллер
sense_list:
A company or individual that purchases goods or services with the intention of reselling them rather than consuming or using them.


lexentry: eng/resentment__Noun__1
written_rep: resentment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: возмуще́ние | негодова́ние
sense_list:
Anger or displeasure stemming from belief that one or one's group has been wronged or betrayed by others; indignation.


lexentry: eng/reservation__Noun__1
written_rep: reservation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оставле́ние | резерва́ция | сохране́ние
sense_list:
The practice of reserving part of the consecrated bread of the Eucharist for the communion of the sick.


lexentry: eng/reserve__Noun__1
written_rep: reserve
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: запа́с | резе́рв
sense_list:
(military) A body of troops kept in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for an exigency. | That which is reserved or kept back, as for future use.


lexentry: eng/reserved_word__Noun__1
written_rep: reserved word
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: зарезерви́рованное сло́во
sense_list:
(programming) A string of characters that is a verb, command, or other part of a programming language, and therefore cannot be used as the name of a variable, constant, function, or procedure.


lexentry: eng/reservist__Noun__1
written_rep: reservist
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: A soldier who is assigned as reserved: after training, no longer on full active duty.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
запа́сник | резерви́ст | резерви́стка | [[военнообя́занный]] [[запас|запа́са]] | [[военнообя́занный]] в [[запас|запа́се]]


lexentry: eng/reside__Verb__1
written_rep: reside
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: жить | обита́ть | прожива́ть
sense_list:
To dwell permanently or for a considerable time; to have a settled abode for a time; to remain for a long time.


lexentry: eng/residual-current_device__Noun__1
written_rep: residual-current device
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: устройство дифференциального тока
sense_list:
(electricity) An automatic circuit breaker that rapidly disconnects an electric circuit when the imbalance of the currents going through it exceeds a specific value.


lexentry: eng/residual_power__Noun__1
written_rep: residual power
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оста́точные полномо́чия
sense_list:
(legal) Power that is retained by the government after other powers were distributed to other authorities in the course of elections or by the process of delegation.


lexentry: eng/residual_stress__Noun__1
written_rep: residual stress
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: оста́точные напряже́ния
sense_list:
(physics) A stress that remains in a solid material after the original cause of the stress has been removed.


lexentry: eng/residue__Noun__1
written_rep: residue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: оса́док | отсто́й
sense_list:
(chemistry) The substance that remains after evaporation, distillation, filtration or any similar process.


lexentry: eng/residue__Noun__1
written_rep: residue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: вы́чет
sense_list:
(complex analysis) A form of complex number, proportional to the contour integral of a meromorphic function along a path enclosing one of its singularities.


lexentry: eng/resign__Verb__1
written_rep: resign
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
sense_list:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To voluntarily leave (a job or position), in particular a hard-fought position of high status. [from 14th c.]

trans_list:
[[бро́сить]] [[работа|рабо́ту]] | [[отка́зываться]] от [[должность|до́лжности]] | [[уходи́ть]] в [[отставка|отста́вку]] | уво́литься | увольня́ться


lexentry: eng/resilience__Noun__1
written_rep: resilience
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: психологи́ческая усто́йчивость
sense_list:
(psychology, neuroscience) The mental ability to recover quickly from depression, illness or misfortune.


lexentry: eng/resilience__Noun__1
written_rep: resilience
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ги́бкость | упру́гость | эласти́чность
sense_list:
(physics) The physical property of material that can resume its shape after being stretched or deformed; elasticity.


lexentry: eng/resilience__Noun__1
written_rep: resilience
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: запа́с про́чности | усто́йчивость
sense_list:
The positive capacity of an organizational system or company to adapt and return to equilibrium after a crisis, failure or any kind of disruption, including: an outage, natural disasters, man-made disasters, terrorism, or similar (particularly IT systems, archives).


lexentry: eng/resin__Noun__1
written_rep: resin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: смола́ | смоль | смола
sense_list:
A viscous water-insoluble hydrocarbon exudate of certain plants, or such a substance as a component of a plant exudate; used in lacquers, varnishes and many other applications.


lexentry: eng/resist__Verb__1
written_rep: resist
part_of_speech: verb
sense_list: (transitive) To attempt to counter the actions or effects of.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
[[ока́зывать]] [[сопротивле́ние]] | [[оказа́ть]] [[сопротивле́ние]] | проти́виться | противостоя́ть | сопротивля́ться


lexentry: eng/resistance__Noun__1
written_rep: resistance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: сопротивле́ние | сопротивление
sense_list:
(physics) A force that tends to oppose motion. | An underground organisation engaged in a struggle for liberation from forceful occupation; a resistance movement.


lexentry: eng/resistance_band__Noun__1
written_rep: resistance band
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: эспа́ндер
sense_list:
A long piece of material of varying grades of tenacity used to produce targeted tension for a muscle workout.


lexentry: eng/resistant__Adjective__1
written_rep: resistant
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: стойкий
sense_list:
Which makes resistance or offers opposition. | Which is not affected or overcome by a disease, drug, chemical or atmospheric agent, extreme of temperature, etc.


lexentry: eng/resistivity__Noun__1
written_rep: resistivity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: удельное электрическое сопротивление
sense_list:
(electricity) The resistance offered at a particular temperature by an electrical conductor of any given material in a cube of unit length, expressed in ohm-metres (Ωm) in the metric system of measurement.


lexentry: eng/resistor__Noun__1
written_rep: resistor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: рези́стор | резистор
sense_list:
(electronics) An electric component that transmits current in direct proportion to the voltage across it.


lexentry: eng/resolution__Noun__1
written_rep: resolution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: реши́мость | реши́тельность | твёрдость
sense_list:
A strong will; the state of being resolute. | (computing) The process of determining the meaning of a symbol or address; the process of executing a link to it.


lexentry: eng/resolution__Noun__1
written_rep: resolution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: разреше́ние | разрешение
sense_list:
(computing, photography) The degree of fineness with which an image can be recorded or produced, often expressed as the number of pixels per unit of length (typically an inch). | (computing) The number of pixels in an image being stored or displayed.


lexentry: eng/resolve__Verb__1
written_rep: resolve
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: постанови́ть | реша́ться | реши́ться
sense_list:
(intransitive) To make a firm decision to do something. To become determined to reach a certain goal or take a certain action.


lexentry: eng/resolve__Verb__1
written_rep: resolve
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: реша́ть | реши́ть
sense_list:
To cause to perceive or understand; to acquaint; to inform; to convince; to assure; to make certain.


lexentry: eng/resonance__Noun__1
written_rep: resonance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: резона́нс
sense_list:
(physics) The increase in the amplitude of an oscillation of a system under the influence of a periodic force whose frequency is close to that of the system's natural frequency.


lexentry: eng/resonance__Noun__1
written_rep: resonance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: резона́нс | резонанс
sense_list:
(astronomy) An influence of the gravitational forces of one orbiting object on the orbit of another, causing periodic perturbations.


lexentry: eng/resort__Noun__1
written_rep: resort
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: здра́вница | куро́рт
sense_list:
A place where people go for recreation, especially one with facilities such as lodgings, entertainment, and a relaxing environment.


lexentry: eng/resound__Verb__1
written_rep: resound
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: звуча́ть | оглаша́ться | раздава́ться
sense_list:
To praise or spread the fame of (someone or something) with the voice or the sound of musical instruments; to celebrate, to extol; also, to declare (someone) to be a certain thing.


lexentry: eng/resourceful__Adjective__1
written_rep: resourceful
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: находчивый | изобретательный
sense_list:
Capable or clever; able to put available resources to efficient or ingenious use; using materials at hand wisely or efficiently.


lexentry: eng/respect__Verb__1
written_rep: respect
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: соблюда́ть | уважа́ть
sense_list:
To have regard for something, to observe a custom, practice, rule or right. | To abide by an agreement. | To take notice of; to regard as worthy of special consideration; to heed.


