# translation

lexentry: eng/United_Kingdom__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: United Kingdom
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Zjednoczone Królestwo | Wielka Brytania
sense_list:
A kingdom and sovereign state in Western Europe comprising the four countries of England, Scotland and Wales on the island of Great Britain, and Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland since 1922.


lexentry: eng/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Zjednoczone Królestwo Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii
sense_list:
The official name of the United Kingdom 1801-1927 (before being renamed by the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 following the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922).


lexentry: eng/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: United Nations Economic and Social Council
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Rada Gospodarcza i Społeczna ONZ
sense_list:
One of the six principal organs of the United Nations, dedicated to coordinate global economical and social affairs.


lexentry: eng/United_Nations_General_Assembly__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: United Nations General Assembly
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ZO ONZ | Zgromadzenie Ogólne Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych
sense_list:
One of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation.


lexentry: eng/United_Nations__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: United Nations
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych
sense_list:
(in the singular) An international coalition, founded in 1945 and headquartered in New York City, that aims to promote global co-operation and maintain international order.


lexentry: eng/United_States_Virgin_Islands__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: United States Virgin Islands
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wyspy Dziewicze Stanów Zjednoczonych
sense_list:
An archipelago and dependent territory of the United States, part of the Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea. Official name: Virgin Islands of the United States.


lexentry: eng/United_States_of_America__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: United States of America
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki | Ameryka
sense_list:
A country in North America, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and including Alaska, Hawaii, and several territories.


lexentry: eng/Unix__Noun__1
written_rep: Unix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Unix
sense_list:
(computing, informal) Any of the above plus Unix-like operating systems similar to Unix but not qualifying for use of the UNIX trademark.


lexentry: eng/Upper_Egypt__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Upper Egypt
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: Górny Egipt
sense_list:
(Egyptology) The part of Ancient Egypt south of Memphis, so named because the Nile flows south to north.


lexentry: eng/Upper_Silesia__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Upper Silesia
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Górny Śląsk
sense_list:
The south-eastern part of Silesia, today mostly within Polish borders with a small strip located in the Czech Republic.


lexentry: eng/Ural_Mountains__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Ural Mountains
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Ural
sense_list:
a range of mountains in Russia that stretch from the Arctic to the Caspian Sea; traditionally, the border between Europe and Asia


lexentry: eng/Uralic__Adjective__1
written_rep: Uralic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: uralski
sense_list:
Pertaining to the Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic peoples, whose urheimat was the Ural Mountains, or to their languages, which constitute a language family, the Uralic languages.


lexentry: eng/Uranus__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Uranus
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: Uranos | Uran
sense_list:
(Greek god) The Greek god who personified the sky and heavens and fathered the Titans. Roman counterpart: Caelus.


lexentry: eng/Urdu__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Urdu
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: urdu
sense_list:
Modern Standard Urdu, an Indo-Aryan language with native speakers mainly in Pakistan and North India. It is a standardized and Persianized version of Hindustani.


lexentry: eng/Uriah__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Uriah
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Uriasz
sense_list:
(biblical character) The husband of Bathsheba whom David sent to death. | (rather rare) A en given name of Biblical origin.


lexentry: eng/Urim_and_Thummim__Noun__1
written_rep: Urim and Thummim
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Urim i Tumim
sense_list:
Certain sacred objects (whose precise form and nature is unknown) that were worn on the breastplate of the Jewish high priest, as described in the Bible, and used in divination or casting lots. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Ursa_Major__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Ursa Major
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wielka Niedźwiedzica
sense_list:
(constellation) A large circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a bear. It includes the familiar asterism the Big Dipper and the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid.


lexentry: eng/Ursa_Minor__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Ursa Minor
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Mała Niedźwiedzica
sense_list:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a bear. It includes the familiar asterism of the Little Dipper and, as part of it, the northern pole star Polaris, as well as Kochab.


lexentry: eng/Uruguay__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Uruguay
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Urugwaj
sense_list:
A country in South America. Official name: Oriental Republic of Uruguay. Capital and largest city: Montevideo.


lexentry: eng/Uzhhorod__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Uzhhorod
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Użhorod | Użgorod
sense_list:
A city in the Carpathian Mountains, the administrative centre of Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Valence__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Valence
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Walencja
sense_list:
A city and commune, the capital of the Drôme department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, in southeastern France.


lexentry: eng/Valhalla__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Valhalla
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Walhalla
sense_list:
(Norse mythology) The home of half of all warriors who died gloriously in battle as well as many of the Æsir.


lexentry: eng/Valle_d'Aosta__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Valle d'Aosta
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Dolina Aosty
sense_list:
An autonomous region of northwestern Italy, with a significant fraction of the population speaking Franco-Provençal. Capital and largest city: Aosta.


lexentry: eng/Valley_of_the_Kings__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Valley of the Kings
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Dolina Królów
sense_list:
(Egyptology) A valley in Egypt, on the west bank of the Nile, known for the tombs constructed there for the pharaohs.


lexentry: eng/Van_Diemen's_Land__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Van Diemen's Land
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Ziemia van Diemena
sense_list:
The former name (until 1856) of the then-British colony and current state of Australia now known as Tasmania.


lexentry: eng/Vandalic__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vandalic
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wandalski
sense_list:
The extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Vandals, probably closely related to the Gothic language.


lexentry: eng/Vanir__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vanir
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nawykły
sense_list:
The principal deities, as a group, of the Norse pantheon that represent chaos, fertility, and cultivation; opponents of the Æsir.


lexentry: eng/Vanuatu__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vanuatu
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Vanuatu
sense_list:
A country and archipelago in Melanesia in Oceania. Official name: Republic of Vanuatu. Capital and largest city: Port Vila.


lexentry: eng/Varangian__Noun__1
written_rep: Varangian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odurzenie
sense_list:
(historical) A member of the ethnically Scandinavian people around the borders of Constantinople in the ninth and tenth centuries.


lexentry: eng/Vatican_City__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vatican City
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Watykan
sense_list:
A city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. Official name: Vatican City State.


lexentry: eng/Veda__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Veda
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Weda
sense_list:
(Hinduism) Any of a large body of texts originating in Ancient India. They form the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism.


lexentry: eng/Vela__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vela
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Żagiel
sense_list:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the sails of a ship. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.


lexentry: eng/Velcro__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Velcro
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rzep
sense_list:
A fastener consisting of two strips of fabric, one covered with minute fiber hooks and the other with tiny fiber loops, which stick strongly together but can be pulled apart.


lexentry: eng/Veles__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Veles
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: Weles | Wołos
sense_list:
(Slavic god) The pagan Slavic god of the fertile earth, livestock, waters, and the underworld, often portrayed as a chimera.


lexentry: eng/Vendée__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vendée
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wandea
sense_list:
One of the departments of Pays de la Loire, France. Capital: La Roche-sur-Yon. | A river in the south-east of the département.


lexentry: eng/Vendémiaire__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vendémiaire
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: vendémiaire
sense_list:
(historical) The first month of the French Republican Calendar, starting on the date of the autumnal equinox (September 22, 23 or 24) and ending on October 21, 22 or 23.


lexentry: eng/Venetian__Adjective__1
written_rep: Venetian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: wenecki
sense_list:
(historical, uncommon) Synonym of Venetic, of or related to the Veneti, either of two unrelated tribes of ancient Europe.


lexentry: eng/Venetian_blind__Noun__1
written_rep: Venetian blind
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: żaluzja
sense_list:
A blind consisting of overlapping horizontal, flat slats, usually made of metal, vinyl or wood, that can be tilted so as to let in more or less light.


lexentry: eng/Venetic__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Venetic
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: język wenetyjski
sense_list:
(historical, _, linguistics) An extinct Indo-European language once spoken by the Veneti people who lived between the Po River delta in northeastern Italy and the southern Alps in Slovenia in antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Venezuela__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Venezuela
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wenezuela
sense_list:
A country in South America. Official name: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Capital and largest city: Caracas.


lexentry: eng/Venice__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Venice
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wenecja
sense_list:
the port city in Veneto, on the Adriatic, in northeastern Italy, former capital of an independent republic.


lexentry: eng/Ventôse__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Ventôse
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ventôse
sense_list:
(historical) The sixth month of the French Republican Calendar, from February 19, 20 or 21 to March 20 or 21.


lexentry: eng/Venus__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Venus
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wenus
sense_list:
(astronomy) The second planet in the Solar system, named for the goddess; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♀. | (Roman god) The goddess of love, beauty, fertility, and sexuality; the Roman counterpart of Aphrodite.


lexentry: eng/Venus_flytrap__Noun__1
written_rep: Venus flytrap
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: muchołówka amerykańska
sense_list:
An insectivorous plant of the savannas of North and South Carolina, Dionaea muscipula; the leaves are hinged and bordered with stiff hairs, and close when an insect alights on them.


lexentry: eng/Vercingetorix__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vercingetorix
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wercyngetoryks
sense_list:
72 BCE–46 BCE, the chieftain of the Arverni, leader of the great Gallic revolt against the Romans in 53–52 BCE.


lexentry: eng/Verona__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Verona
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Werona
sense_list:
A city straddling the river Adige in Veneto, northern Italy, and the capital city of the province of the same name.


lexentry: eng/Versailles__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Versailles
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wersal
sense_list:
A city, suburb of Paris and capital of Yvelines department, Île-de-France, and the former capital of France.


lexentry: eng/Vesta__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vesta
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Westa
sense_list:
(Roman god) The virgin goddess of the hearth, fire, and the household, and therefore a deity of domestic life. The Roman counterpart of Hestia.


lexentry: eng/Victoria__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Victoria
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: Victoria
sense_list:
One of six states of Australia, situated in the south-eastern part of the continent. Capital: Melbourne. | The capital city of Gozo, the second-largest island of Malta.


lexentry: eng/Victorian__Adjective__1
written_rep: Victorian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wiktoriański
sense_list:
Of or relating to the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901, or that period. | (architecture) Of the style of architecture or furnishings of that period. | (figuratively) Of or displaying the (supposed) ideals or standards of morality of that period; conservative; also, old-fashioned, out-of-date.


lexentry: eng/Victory_Day__Noun__1
written_rep: Victory Day
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Dzień Zwycięstwa
sense_list:
Any of various public holidays in various countries to commemorate victories in important battles or wars in the countries' history.


lexentry: eng/Vienne__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vienne
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Vienne
sense_list:
A department of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. | A river in southwest France. | A city in the Isère department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France.


lexentry: eng/Vientiane__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vientiane
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wientian
sense_list:
The capital city of Laos. | A prefecture of Laos. Capital: Vientiane (city). | A province of Laos. Capital: Phonhong.


lexentry: eng/Vietnamese__Noun__1
written_rep: Vietnamese
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wietnamczyk | Wietnamka | wietnamski
sense_list:
(countable, chiefly, in the plural) A person/people from Vietnam or of Vietnamese descent. | (uncountable) Vietnamese cuisine; traditional Vietnamese food.


lexentry: eng/Viking__Noun__1
written_rep: Viking
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wiking
sense_list:
(historical) Scandinavian/Northern European seafarers, most familiarly raiders and pirates during the Viking age.


lexentry: eng/Virgil__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Virgil
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wergiliusz
sense_list:
Pūblius Vergilius Marō (70–19 BCE), Roman epic writer from the Augustan period, best known for writing the Aeneid.


lexentry: eng/Virgin_Islands__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Virgin Islands
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wyspy Dziewicze
sense_list:
An archipelago in the Caribbean Sea, comprising the British Virgin Islands and the United States Virgin Islands.


lexentry: eng/Virgin__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Virgin
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Panna
sense_list:
(Christianity) Synonym of Virgin Mary (“Mary, mother of Jesus”). | The constellation and star sign Virgo.


lexentry: eng/Virgo__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Virgo
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Panna
sense_list:
(zodiac constellations) : A constellation in the zodiac, imagined in the shape of a maiden, that contains the bright binary star Spica. | (astrology) : The zodiac sign for the virgin, ruled by Mercury, that covers August 23 – September 23 (tropical astrology) or September 16 – October 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Vishnu__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vishnu
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wisznu
sense_list:
(Hinduism) One of the Trimurti (trinity) in Hindu mythology, and the most popularly venerated god in Hinduism. Vishnu is commonly depicted as being blue in colour and having four arms: with each hand holding either a lotus, a mace, a conch shell or chakram weapon. Vishnu is the Supreme being or Ultimate Reality for Vaishnavas and a manifestation of Brahman in the Advaita or Smarta traditions of Hinduism.


lexentry: eng/Visigoth__Noun__1
written_rep: Visigoth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wizygot | Wizygotka
sense_list:
Any member of an ancient East Germanic tribe, one branch of the Goths (the Ostrogoths being the other), which participated in several wars with Rome and established a kingdom with Toulouse for its capital.


lexentry: eng/Vladivostok__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vladivostok
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Władywostok
sense_list:
A city and seaport in the Russian Far East, on the Sea of Japan, near North Korea; the administrative centre of Primorsky Krai.


lexentry: eng/Volans__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Volans
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Ryba Latająca
sense_list:
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a flying fish.


lexentry: eng/Volga__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Volga
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wołga
sense_list:
A river in Russia, the longest river in Europe, flowing 2,325 miles through western Russia to the Caspian Sea.


lexentry: eng/Volnovakha__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Volnovakha
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wołnowacha
sense_list:
A city, the administrative centre of Volnovakha, Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Donbass, in southeastern Ukraine, seat of the eponymous municipality and district


lexentry: eng/Volnovakha__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Volnovakha
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: Rejon wołnowaski
sense_list:
A municipality of Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Donbass, Ukraine. Seat: Volnovakha | A district, a raion of Donetsk Oblast, Donbass, Ukraine. Seat: Volnovakha


lexentry: eng/Vuhledar__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vuhledar
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wuhłedar
sense_list:
A city, the administrative centre of the urban hromada of the same name, Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1964 around the Pivdennodonbaska 1 coal mine.


lexentry: eng/Vulcan__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vulcan
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wulkan
sense_list:
(Roman god) The god of volcanoes and fire, especially the forge, also the patron of all craftsmen, especially blacksmiths. The Roman counterpart of Hephaestus. | (astronomy, historical) A hypothetical planet proposed in the 19th century to exist in an orbit between Mercury and the Sun. Coined by Jacques Bobinet


lexentry: eng/Vulcan_salute__Noun__1
written_rep: Vulcan salute
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: salut wolkański
sense_list:
A gesture of greeting among Star Trek fans, consisting of a raised hand with the palm forward and the thumb extended, and the fingers parted between the middle finger and ring finger.


lexentry: eng/Vulgar_Latin__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vulgar Latin
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: łacina ludowa
sense_list:
(linguistics, historical) The Latin language as spoken by the Roman people, as opposed to Classical Latin as written in formal literature. Developed into Proto-Romance and descendant languages in the Early Middle Ages.


lexentry: eng/Vyborg__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Vyborg
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wyborg
sense_list:
A city in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. In earlier times was part of Finland and Sweden, pop. 79,224 (as of 2002).


lexentry: eng/Võro__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Võro
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: język võro
sense_list:
A language belonging to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages. It is sometimes considered a dialect of Estonian.


lexentry: eng/Wadden_Sea__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Wadden Sea
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Morze Wattowe
sense_list:
A shallow and narrow sea peripheral to the North Sea, situated between the Frisian Islands and the mainland coasts of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Wallis_and_Futuna__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Wallis and Futuna
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wallis i Futuna
sense_list:
An archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania. Official name: Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands.


lexentry: eng/Wallonia__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Wallonia
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Walonia
sense_list:
Federal Region of southern Belgium where French and German are the official languages, and where Lorrain, Luxembourgish, Picard, Franconian and Walloon languages are also spoken.


lexentry: eng/Walloon__Adjective__1
written_rep: Walloon
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: waloński
sense_list:
Referring to the French-speaking people of southern Belgium and parts of northern France. | Referring to the Romance language spoken by this people.


lexentry: eng/Walloon__Noun__1
written_rep: Walloon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Walonka | Walończyk
sense_list:
An inhabitant of Wallonia, of Belgian nationality, nowadays generally French-speaking, but also possibly German-speaking. | An inhabitant of the region of southern Belgium and northern France (around Givet), usually of Belgian nationality.


lexentry: eng/Walloon__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Walloon
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: waloński
sense_list:
The Romance language commonly spoken until the middle of the 20th century in parts of southern Belgium and northern France (around Givet).


lexentry: eng/Walpurgis_night__Noun__1
written_rep: Walpurgis night
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Noc Walpurgi
sense_list:
Walpurgisnacht ("Walpurga's night"), a feast of witchcraft in German folklore, observed on 30 April.


lexentry: eng/Wandering_Jew__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Wandering Jew
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Żyd Wieczny Tułacz
sense_list:
A Jewish shoemaker who, in Christian tradition, taunted Jesus Christ on the way to his (Jesus') crucifixion and for that was condemned to wander the Earth until Jesus' return (ie. the second coming).


lexentry: eng/Waray-Waray__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Waray-Waray
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: warajski
sense_list:
(linguistics) A central Philippine Visayan language from the islands of Samar, Biliran, and northeast Leyte.


lexentry: eng/Warsaw_Pact__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Warsaw Pact
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Układ Warszawski
sense_list:
(historical) A pact (long-term alliance treaty) signed on May 14, 1955 in Warsaw by the Soviet Union and its Communist military allies in Europe.


lexentry: eng/Warsaw_Uprising__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Warsaw Uprising
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: powstanie warszawskie
sense_list:
(historical) a major World War II operation, in the summer of 1944, by the Polish underground resistance, led by the Home Army, to liberate Warsaw from German occupation.


lexentry: eng/Warsaw__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Warsaw
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Warszawa
sense_list:
The capital city of Poland; capital city of the Masovian Voivodeship. | (metonym) The Polish government.


lexentry: eng/Washington,_D.C.__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Washington, D.C.
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Waszyngton
sense_list:
The capital city of the United States, formally known as the District of Columbia. Abbreviated as D.C. or DC.


lexentry: eng/Washington__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Washington
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Waszyngton
sense_list:
Washington state (a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States; capital: Olympia; largest city: Seattle) | A placename:


lexentry: eng/Watergate__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Watergate
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Watergate
sense_list:
An American political scandal (beginning with a burglary in the Watergate Hotel in Washington, DC, in 1972) that eventually led to the resignation of US President Richard Nixon.


lexentry: eng/Way_of_St._James__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Way of St. James
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Szlak św. Jakuba
sense_list:
Any of the pilgrimage routes to the shrine of the apostle St. James the Great, in Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.


lexentry: eng/Way_of_the_Cross__Noun__1
written_rep: Way of the Cross
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: droga krzyżowa
sense_list:
A series of pictures or statues depicting the Stations of the Cross, as laid out around a church, along a road etc.


lexentry: eng/Wednesday__Noun__1
written_rep: Wednesday
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: środa
sense_list:
The fourth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the third day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Tuesday and precedes Thursday.


lexentry: eng/Weimar_Republic__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Weimar Republic
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Republika Weimarska
sense_list:
(history) The democratic regime of Germany from 1919 to the assumption of power by Adolf Hitler in 1933.


lexentry: eng/Wellington__Noun__1
written_rep: Wellington
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wellington
sense_list:
(card games) In the game of nap, a bid that results in the bidder winning quadruple, or losing double, the amount staked.


lexentry: eng/Wellington_boots__Noun__1
written_rep: Wellington boots
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gumiaki | gumowce | kalosze
sense_list:
(British) Waterproof rubber boots, intended to be worn in wet or muddy conditions. Short forms: wellies (singular welly or wellie)


lexentry: eng/Weltschmerz__Noun__1
written_rep: Weltschmerz
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Weltschmerz | weltszmerc
sense_list:
An apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort with the human condition or state of the world; mal du siècle, world-weariness.


lexentry: eng/Weser__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Weser
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wezera
sense_list:
A river in northwestern Germany, the longest entirely in the country, flowing north from south Lower Saxony into the North Sea.


lexentry: eng/Wessex__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Wessex
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wessex
sense_list:
(historical) One of the seven major Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, existing between the 6th and 9th centuries, and comprising most of England south of the Thames.


lexentry: eng/West_Asia__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: West Asia
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Azja Zachodnia
sense_list:
The westernmost region of Asia, which includes Anatolia, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, the Levant, Mesopotamia, the Sinai Peninsula, and Transcaucasia.


lexentry: eng/West_Bank__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: West Bank
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Zachodni Brzeg | Zachodni Brzeg Jordanu | Cisjordania
sense_list:
A Palestinian territory on the west bank of the Jordan river, claimed by both Israel and the State of Palestine.


lexentry: eng/West_Coast__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: West Coast
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Zachodnie Wybrzeże
sense_list:
A region along the Pacific Ocean in the contiguous United States. | A region on the western side of the South Island of New Zealand.


lexentry: eng/West_Flanders__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: West Flanders
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Flandria Zachodnia
sense_list:
The westernmost province of Belgium and Flanders, with capital Bruges. | The larger western part of the historic countship of Flanders, also comprising part of French Flanders (in northern France) and retaining a distinctive type of dialects


lexentry: eng/West_Flemish__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: West Flemish
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zachodnioflamandzki
sense_list:
A group of Flemish dialects of the Dutch language in the western part of the historic countship of Flanders (now in Belgium and France)


lexentry: eng/West_Frisian__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: West Frisian
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: (język) zachodniofryzyjski | zachodniofryzyjski
sense_list:
A language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands; one of the Frisian languages (or language varieties).


lexentry: eng/West_Germany__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: West Germany
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: Niemcy Zachodnie
sense_list:
(since 1990) The former areas of the Republic during that time, distinguished from the former East German areas.


lexentry: eng/West_Slavic__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: West Slavic
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zachodniosłowiański
sense_list:
A subgrouping of the Slavic language family spoken mainly in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Lusatia (a small area in Germany).


lexentry: eng/West__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: West
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Dziki Zachód
sense_list:
(US) The Western United States (sometimes excluding the West Coast), particularly (historical) in reference to the 19th century Wild West.


lexentry: eng/Western_Australia__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Western Australia
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Australia Zachodnia
sense_list:
One of the six states of Australia, occupying the western third of the content, with its capital at Perth.


lexentry: eng/Western_Sahara__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Western Sahara
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Sahara Zachodnia
sense_list:
A territory and former Spanish colony in North Africa, now mostly occupied by Morocco, which claims ownership over the territory.


lexentry: eng/Western_Wall__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Western Wall
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Ściana Płaczu | Mur Zachodni
sense_list:
(Judaism) An ancient wall on the western side of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, remnant of the Jewish Second Temple. It is the holiest site in Judaism.


lexentry: eng/Western__Adjective__1
written_rep: Western
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: zachód
sense_list:
Of or pertaining to a certain genre of film, television, literature, and so on, dealing with the American Old West.


lexentry: eng/Westernism__Noun__1
written_rep: Westernism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: okcydentaliz | zapadnictwo | zapadniczestwo
sense_list:
(historical) An 19th-century intellectual ideology which saw Russia's development as dependent upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government.


lexentry: eng/Westernizer__Noun__1
written_rep: Westernizer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: okcydentalista
sense_list:
(historical) A member of a group of 19th-century intellectuals who believed that Russia's development depended upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government.


lexentry: eng/Westminster_Abbey__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Westminster Abbey
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Opactwo Westminsterskie
sense_list:
A large Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral, next to the Houses of Parliament in London; the traditional place of coronation and burial of English monarchs.


lexentry: eng/Westphalia__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Westphalia
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Westfalia
sense_list:
(politics) Westfalen, a subdivision (“Landschaftsverband”) of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. | Westfalen, a region of Germany in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony.


lexentry: eng/Whig__Noun__1
written_rep: Whig
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wig
sense_list:
(UK politics, historic) A member of an 18th- and 19th-century political party in Britain that was opposed to the Tories, and eventually became the Liberal Party.


lexentry: eng/Whirling_Dervish__Noun__1
written_rep: Whirling Dervish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wirujący Derwisze
sense_list:
A Sufi of an ascetic order, centered in Turkey but widespread internationally, whose ritual religious observances involve mystical poetry of Mevlana (Rumi), music, and a whirling dance.


lexentry: eng/White's_thrush__Noun__1
written_rep: White's thrush
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: drozdoń tajgowy
sense_list:
A thrush found mainly in eastern Asia and Siberia and rare vagrant to western Europe, of species Zoothera aurea (or formerly, sometimes of subspecies Zoothera dauma aurea).


lexentry: eng/White_House__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: White House
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Biały Dom
sense_list:
(US) The official home and workplace of the President of the United States of America. | (US, metonym) The US presidency and its administration.


lexentry: eng/Wi-Fi__Noun__1
written_rep: Wi-Fi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bezprzewodowe połączenie internetowe | wi-fi
sense_list:
(networking, uncountable) Any of several standards for short-range wireless data transmission (IEEE 802.11).


lexentry: eng/Wicca__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Wicca
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wicca
sense_list:
A neopagan religion that was first popularized by books written in 1949, 1954, and 1959 by Englishman Gerald Gardner, involving the worship of a horned male god and a moon goddess, the observance of eight Sabbats, and the performance of various rituals.


lexentry: eng/WikiProject__Noun__1
written_rep: WikiProject
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wikiprojekt
sense_list:
(WMF) A group of editors who work together on improving the coverage of a particular topic on Wikipedia.


lexentry: eng/Wikipedian__Noun__1
written_rep: Wikipedian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wikipedysta | wikipedystka
sense_list:
(WMF) A person who contributes to Wikipedia, especially a regular contributor versed in the ways of the website.


lexentry: eng/Wiktionarian__Noun__1
written_rep: Wiktionarian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wikisłownikarka | wikisłownikarz
sense_list:
(Wikimedia jargon) A person who contributes to Wiktionary, especially a regular contributor versed in the ways of the site.


lexentry: eng/Wiktionary__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Wiktionary
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: Wikisłownik
sense_list:
A particular version of this dictionary project, written in a certain language, such as the English-language Wiktionary (often known simply as the English Wiktionary).


lexentry: eng/Wild_West__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Wild West
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Dziki Zachód
sense_list:
(historical) The western United States during the 19th-century era of settlement, commonly believed to be lawless and unruly.


lexentry: eng/Wiltshire__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Wiltshire
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wiltshire
sense_list:
An inland county of England bordered by Gloucestershire, Somerset, Dorset, Oxfordshire, Hampshire and Berkshire.


lexentry: eng/Windows__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Windows
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Windows
sense_list:
(operating systems, trademark) Microsoft Windows, an operating system with a WIMP graphical user interface that dominates the personal computer market.


lexentry: eng/Winnie_the_Pooh__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Winnie the Pooh
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Kubuś Puchatek
sense_list:
A talking bear from an English children's book series carrying the same name, noted for his sweet, simple nature, and his love of honey.


lexentry: eng/Woden__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Woden
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wodan
sense_list:
The Germanic chief god, distributor of talents and god of wisdom and war (corresponding to Odin), especially in his Anglo-Saxon form.


lexentry: eng/Worcestershire_sauce__Noun__1
written_rep: Worcestershire sauce
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sos Worcestershire
sense_list:
An English condiment made with vinegar, onions, garlic, etc.; a thin piquant sauce used as a table sauce, to flavour casseroles etc. and as an ingredient in Bloody Marys.


lexentry: eng/World_Exposition__Noun__1
written_rep: World Exposition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wystawa światowa
sense_list:
Any of various large international expositions held since the mid 19th century, often called "Expo".


lexentry: eng/World_Trade_Organization__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: World Trade Organization
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Światowa Organizacja Handlu
sense_list:
An international organization designed by its founders to supervise and liberalize international trade.


lexentry: eng/World_War_II__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: World War II
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: druga wojna światowa | II wojna światowa
sense_list:
(history) The war from 1939 to 1945 of the Allied forces, including the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, France, and China, against the Axis Powers, including Germany, Italy, and Japan.


lexentry: eng/World_War_I__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: World War I
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: I wojna światowa | pierwsza wojna światowa
sense_list:
(history) The war from 1914 to 1918 between the Entente Powers of the British Empire, Russian Empire, France, Italy, the United States and other allied nations, against the Central Powers represented by the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.


lexentry: eng/World_Wide_Web__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: World Wide Web
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: World Wide Web | ogólnoświatowa sieć
sense_list:
(Internet) Usually preceded by the: collectively, all of the hypertext documents (web pages) on the Internet stored in different computers around the world that hyperlink to each other and to other kinds of media, and are typically retrieved by the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS).


lexentry: eng/Wrocław__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Wrocław
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wrocław
sense_list:
A city, located in Silesia in what is now southwestern Poland. (At different points in history, the city has been part of Bohemia, Prussia, Germany, and Poland.)


lexentry: eng/Wu__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Wu
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: u
sense_list:
(historic) The kingdom ruled by the Ji family from Wuxi and then Suzhou during the Spring and Autumn period of China's Zhou dynasty. | The family of Chinese languages spoken in that region, including Shanghainese and Suzhounese, the second-most spoken family after Mandarin.


lexentry: eng/X-ray__Verb__1
written_rep: X-ray
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prześwietlać | prześwietlić
sense_list:
(transitive, informal) To take a radiograph of; to obtain an image of using X-ray radiation, especially for the purpose of medical diagnostic evaluation.


lexentry: eng/XML__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: XML
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: XML
sense_list:
(computer languages, file format) Initialism of Extensible Markup Language (a flexible text format for creating structured computer documents in machine-readable form.)


lexentry: eng/Xavier__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Xavier
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: Ksawery
sense_list:
Any of various notable people with this name as given name or surname, especially Saint Francis Xavier, a Spanish Catholic saint and missionary (1506–1552).


lexentry: eng/Xbox__Noun__1
written_rep: Xbox
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Xbox
sense_list:
(video games, trademark) Any of the home consoles in Microsoft's Xbox product line, especially the original Xbox.


lexentry: eng/Xenophon__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Xenophon
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Ksenofont
sense_list:
Athenian historian and philosopher born 427 B.C.E. and author of the Anabasis and Memorabilia. He was a pupil of Socrates and became a general during the Persian wars.


lexentry: eng/Xerxes__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Xerxes
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Kserkses
sense_list:
(historical) Xerxes I, a Persian king of the Achaemenid dynasty who reigned 485-465 BC. | (historical) Xerxes II, a Persian king who ruled for 45 days in 424 BC before being assassinated. | A en given name mainly applied to historical and fictional characters.


lexentry: eng/Xi'an__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Xi'an
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Xi'an
sense_list:
The provincial capital of Shaanxi, a subprovincial city in central China famed as the former capital of numerous Chinese dynasties.


lexentry: eng/Xinjiang__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Xinjiang
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Sinkiang
sense_list:
An Uyghur autonomous region in China, located in the sparsely populated northwest. Official name: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Capital: Ürümqi.


lexentry: eng/YHWH__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: YHWH
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: Jahwe
sense_list:
Known as the "Tetragrammaton", the four Hebrew letters יהוה which are transliterated into the Latin alphabet as YHWH (also IHVH, JHVH, or YHVH). Usually vowels are added to produce the spelling Jehovah, Yehovah or Yahweh (Jahaveh, Jahve, Jahveh, Jahweh, Yahve, Yahveh, Yahwe).


lexentry: eng/YOLO__Phrase__1
written_rep: YOLO
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Raz kozie śmierć! | Raz się żyje!
sense_list:
(slang) Initialism of you only live once, i.e. expressing the view that one should make the most of the present moment.


lexentry: eng/Y_chromosome__Noun__1
written_rep: Y chromosome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chromosom Y
sense_list:
(genetics) A mammalian sex chromosome, occurring only in male cells. Cells of females have a pair of X chromosomes while cells of males have an X and a Y.


lexentry: eng/Yagi-Uda_antenna__Noun__1
written_rep: Yagi-Uda antenna
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antena Yagi | antena Yagi-Uda
sense_list:
(radio) A type of directional antenna with one driven element and one or more parasitic elements; a directional radio or TV antenna consisting of two or more dipoles in the same plane with all dipoles parallel to each other.


lexentry: eng/Yahweh__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yahweh
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Jahwe
sense_list:
(history of religion) The name of the God of Israel worshipped by the Jahwist prophets in the kingdoms of Israel and Judah in antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Yandex__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yandex
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Yandex
sense_list:
A Russian Internet company which operates the largest search engine in Russia. | (computing) A search engine that popularized the company of the same name.


lexentry: eng/Yangtze__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yangtze
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Jangcy
sense_list:
The chief river of central China and the third longest river in the world, flowing 6300 km from the Tanggula Mountains in Qinghai, passing Chongqing, Wuhan, and Nanjing, and emptying into the East China Sea beside Shanghai.


lexentry: eng/Yankee__Noun__1
written_rep: Yankee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: Jankes | Jankeska | jankes | jankeska
sense_list:
(chiefly, Southern US) A native or inhabitant of the Northern United States. | (chiefly southern, _, Louisiana) An Anglo, as opposed to someone with French ancestry; a native or inhabitant of the rest of the United States.


lexentry: eng/Yaroslav__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yaroslav
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Jarosław
sense_list:
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Яросла́в (Jarosláv). | A transliteration of the Ukrainian male given name Яросла́в (Jarosláv).


lexentry: eng/Yazidi__Noun__1
written_rep: Yazidi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jezyd | Jezyd | Jezydka | jezydka
sense_list:
member of a Kurdish-speaking people of northern Iraq, Armenia and Caucasus, whose religion is Yazidism


lexentry: eng/Yekaterinburg__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yekaterinburg
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Jekaterynburg
sense_list:
A city, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, the fifth-largest in the country by population.


lexentry: eng/Yellow_River__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yellow River
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Rzeka Żółta
sense_list:
The chief river of the North China Plain, currently flowing 5,463 km from the Bayan Har Mountains of Qinghai to the Bohai Sea but historically prone to massive floods which caused its course to vary widely over time.


lexentry: eng/Yenisei__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yenisei
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Jenisej
sense_list:
A river in Russia. The longest river of Siberia. It flows from south down to north into the Arctic Ocean, splitting Siberia in two parts: the Eastern Siberia and the Western Siberia.


lexentry: eng/Yevpatoria__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yevpatoria
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Eupatoria
sense_list:
A resort city and raion in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine but de facto in Russia. It is located on the Black Sea coast.


lexentry: eng/Yggdrasil__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yggdrasil
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Yggdrasil
sense_list:
(Norse mythology) An immense ash tree that is central in Norse cosmology, believed to connect the nine worlds.


lexentry: eng/Yiddish__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yiddish
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jidysz
sense_list:
A West Germanic, or more specifically High German, language that developed from Middle High German dialects, with an admixture of vocabulary from multiple source languages including Hebrew-Aramaic, Romance, Slavic, English, etc., and mostly written in Hebrew characters which is used mainly among Ashkenazic Jews from central and eastern Europe.


lexentry: eng/Yiddishland__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yiddishland
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Jidyszland
sense_list:
A region where Yiddish is spoken; the areas of Eastern Europe or the Jewish Autonomous Oblast that had significant numbers of Jewish inhabitants.


lexentry: eng/Yom_Kippur__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yom Kippur
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Dzień Pojednania | Dzień Przebłagania | Jom Kippur | Sądny Dzień
sense_list:
(Judaism) A particular Jewish holiday, the day of atonement, falling on the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei.


lexentry: eng/Yorkshire_pudding__Noun__1
written_rep: Yorkshire pudding
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Yorkshire pudding
sense_list:
A dish made from batter baked in fat, usually served as an accompaniment to roast beef but sometimes (in a larger form) served with other fillings or as a separate course.


lexentry: eng/Yoruba__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yoruba
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: joruba | yoruba
sense_list:
A sub-Saharan language. It belongs to the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family, and has nearly 40 million speakers in Nigeria, Benin, Togo, and Sierra Leone, as well as communities in Brazil and Cuba.


lexentry: eng/Young_Poland__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Young Poland
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Młoda Polska
sense_list:
(historical) The modernist period in Polish visual arts, literature, and music which lasted from the end of the 19th century to 1918.


lexentry: eng/Your_Excellency__Pronoun__1
written_rep: Your Excellency
part_of_speech: pronoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pan
sense_list:
(formal) A title of respect used when addressing heads of state other than monarchs, heads of government, governors, ambassadors, certain ecclesiastics, royalty, and others holding equivalent rank.


lexentry: eng/Your_Majesty__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Your Majesty
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Wasza Wysokość
sense_list:
(formal) A term of address used in direct address to a monarch of higher rank than a prince, such as a king, queen, emperor, or empress.


lexentry: eng/Yucatán__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yucatán
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Jukatan | Półwysep Jukatan
sense_list:
A peninsula in North America incorporating the Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche, and Quintana Roo as well as Belize and northeastern Guatemala.


lexentry: eng/Yugoslavia__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yugoslavia
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Jugosławia
sense_list:
(historical) A former country on the Balkan Peninsula, made up of the now-independent nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia; it disintegrated in the 1990s.


lexentry: eng/Yukon__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yukon
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Jukon
sense_list:
A territory in northern Canada. Capital: Whitehorse. | A river in British Columbia, the Yukon Territory and Alaska, which gives its name to the territory.


lexentry: eng/Yule__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yule
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Jul
sense_list:
Christmastide, the Christmas season, the Twelve Days of Christmas (between December 25th and January 5th).


lexentry: eng/Yup'ik__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yup'ik
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: język yupik środkowy
sense_list:
(linguistics) A subbranch of the Eskimo-Aleut family of languages. This is the only language family known to straddle both North America and Asia. It is centered squarely in Alaska and is thought to have migrated across to Siberia a few hundred years ago.


lexentry: eng/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Jużnosachalińsk
sense_list:
A city, the administrative centre of Sakhalin Oblast, on Sakhalin Island, in the Far East of Russia.


lexentry: eng/Zaire__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Zaire
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Zair
sense_list:
(historical) A former country (1971–1997) in Central Africa; now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


lexentry: eng/Zambezi__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Zambezi
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Zambezi
sense_list:
A river in Southern Africa, flowing south and west from Zambia through east Angola and Zambia and then east along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe into and through central Mozambique to the Indian Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Zaporizhia__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Zaporizhia
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Zaporoże
sense_list:
An industrial city on the Dnieper River in Zaporizhia, Zaporizhia Raion, Zaporizhia Oblast, in south-central Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Zebulun__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Zebulun
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Zabulon
sense_list:
(biblical character) Tenth son of Jacob, by his wife Leah. | (biblical) One of the Israelite tribes, descended from Zebulun. | A en given name


lexentry: eng/Zechariah__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Zechariah
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Zachariasz
sense_list:
(biblical character) A king of Israel mentioned in the second book of Kings. | (biblical character) A Hebrew prophet traditionally considered the author of the Book of Zechariah, the eleventh of the Twelve Minor Prophets.


lexentry: eng/Zeelandic__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Zeelandic
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dialekt zelandzki
sense_list:
A regional language similar to Dutch, spoken in the Dutch province of Zeeland and on the South Holland island of Goeree-Overflakkee.


lexentry: eng/Zen__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Zen
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zen
sense_list:
(religion) A school of Mahayana Buddhism characterized by sudden enlightenment achieved by indirect means and principally associated with China and Japan.


lexentry: eng/Zephyrus__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Zephyrus
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Zefir
sense_list:
(Greek god) The Ancient Greek god of the west wind, spring,fertility, flowers, procreation, rebirth and bees. Supposed to be the gentlest of the winds and the messenger of spring. His parents are Eos/Aurora and Astraeus, and his brothers are Boreas, Notus and Eurus, (the Anemoi), and the Astra Planeta. His wife is Chloris and their son is Karpos. His Roman counterpart is Favonius.


lexentry: eng/Zeppelin__Noun__1
written_rep: Zeppelin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sterowiec
sense_list:
(aviation) A type of large dirigible rigid airship of the early 20th century, built by the German Luftschiffbau Zeppelin and designed to carry passengers or bombs.


lexentry: eng/Zhvanets__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Zhvanets
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Żwaniec
sense_list:
A village, the administrative centre of the rural hromada of the same name of Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine, first mentioned in 1431


lexentry: eng/Zimbabwe__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Zimbabwe
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Zimbabwe
sense_list:
A country in Southern Africa. Official name: Republic of Zimbabwe. Formerly called Southern Rhodesia or Rhodesia.


lexentry: eng/Zion__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Zion
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Syjon
sense_list:
A landmark hill (or "mount") on which ancient Jerusalem was partly built, a centerpiece to Biblical accounts of old days and future eschatological events.


lexentry: eng/Zionism__Noun__1
written_rep: Zionism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: syjonizm
sense_list:
(politics) Jewish nationalism, the movement which supported first the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland and now supports the continuation of a Jewish state in Israel.


lexentry: eng/Zoroaster__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Zoroaster
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Zoroaster | Zaratustra | Zaratusztra
sense_list:
An ancient Iranian prophet after whom the indigenous Iranian ethnic religion, Zoroastrianism, is named, also venerated in Mithraism.


lexentry: eng/Zouave__Noun__1
written_rep: Zouave
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: żuaw
sense_list:
(military, historical) One of a body of soldiers in the French service, originally Kabyle, but now composed of Frenchmen who wear the Kabyle dress.


lexentry: eng/a.m.__Adverb__1
written_rep: a.m.
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przed południem
sense_list:
(used after the hour) In the 12-hour period from midnight to noon (the first half of the day) when using the 12-hour clock.


lexentry: eng/a_bad_penny_always_turns_up__Proverb__1
written_rep: a bad penny always turns up
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: diabeł nie śpi | licho nie śpi | złe nie śpi
sense_list:
A person or thing which is unpleasant, dishonorable, or unwanted tends to appear (or reappear), especially at inopportune times.


lexentry: eng/a_bird_in_the_hand_is_worth_two_in_the_bush__Proverb__1
written_rep: a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
part_of_speech: proverb
sense_list: A sure thing is preferable to the mere chance at something more. [15th c.]
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
lepszy wróbel w garści niż gołąb na dachu | lepszy wróbel w ręku niż cietrzew na sęku | lepszy wróbel w ręku niż sokół na sęku


lexentry: eng/a_blessing_and_a_curse__Noun__1
written_rep: a blessing and a curse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: miecz obosieczny
sense_list:
Something that is both a benefit and a burden, or that may seem initially beneficial but also brings unforeseen negative consequences


lexentry: eng/a_cappella__Adverb__1
written_rep: a cappella
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: a cappella
sense_list:
(music) In a manner of a choir with no instrumental accompaniment; literally, "in the style of the (Sistine) Chapel (in Rome)", such as a musical Mass done a cappella. [from late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/a_few__Determiner__1
written_rep: a few
part_of_speech: determiner
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kilka | kilku | niewiele | niewielu
sense_list:
A small number of (a set of countable items); more than one but not very many; especially, more than two but not very many (explained in usage note at several).


lexentry: eng/a_hit_dog_will_holler__Proverb__1
written_rep: a hit dog will holler
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: uderz w stół, a nożyce się odezwą
sense_list:
(US) An offended or defensive response to a statement suggests that the statement applies to the person complaining.


lexentry: eng/a_little_bird_told_me__Phrase__1
written_rep: a little bird told me
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ptaszki o tym ćwierkają
sense_list:
(idiomatic, chiefly, humorous) I received the information from a source which I am not prepared to disclose.


lexentry: eng/a_stitch_in_time_saves_nine__Proverb__1
written_rep: a stitch in time saves nine
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: lepiej zapobiegać niż leczyć
sense_list:
A little effort expended sooner to fix a small problem prevents it from becoming a larger problem requiring more effort to fix later.


lexentry: eng/a_stopped_clock_is_right_twice_a_day__Proverb__1
written_rep: a stopped clock is right twice a day
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: trafiło się ślepej kurze ziarno
sense_list:
A normally unreliable person or instrument can occasionally provide correct information, even if only by accident. | Someone who repeats the same thing constantly will at some point be correct, if only briefly.


lexentry: eng/a_woman_without_a_man_is_like_a_fish_without_a_bicycle__Phrase__1
written_rep: a woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kobieta tak potrzebuje mężczyzny, jak ryba potrzebuje roweru
sense_list:
(figuratively, humorous, simile) A woman is capable of living a complete and independent life without a man. [from 1970]


lexentry: eng/aardvark__Noun__1
written_rep: aardvark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mrównik | prosię ziemne
sense_list:
The nocturnal, insectivorous, burrowing, mammal Orycteropus afer, of the order Tubulidentata, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/aardwolf__Noun__1
written_rep: aardwolf
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: protel
sense_list:
A nocturnal, insectivorous mammal, Proteles cristatus, of southern and eastern Africa, related to and resembling the hyena. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/ab_initio__Adverb__1
written_rep: ab initio
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: początek
sense_list:
(legal) From the time when a law, legal right or decree, contract, ownership interest, partnership (etc.) comes into force. [Early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/ab_wheel__Noun__1
written_rep: ab wheel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kółko wałek
sense_list:
A piece of exercise equipment designed to be gripped in one or both hands and torqued in the course of sagittally abducting the pronated shoulders with the core resisting flexion and extension.


lexentry: eng/aba__Noun__1
written_rep: aba
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: abaja
sense_list:
A loose-fitting sleeveless garment, made from aba or silk, worn by Arabs. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abaca__Noun__1
written_rep: abaca
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: banan manilski
sense_list:
(uncountable) The fiber of this plant, used in rope, fibers, and cloth. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abacist__Noun__1
written_rep: abacist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abacysta
sense_list:
One who uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/aback__Adverb__1
written_rep: aback
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: bieg wsteczny | z tyłu
sense_list:
(nautical) Backward against the mast; said of the sails when pressed by the wind from the "wrong" (forward) side, or of a ship when its sails are set that way. [First attested in the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abactor__Noun__1
written_rep: abactor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: złodziej bydła
sense_list:
(legal, archaic) One who steals and drives away cattle or beasts by herds or droves; a cattle rustler.


lexentry: eng/abacus__Noun__1
written_rep: abacus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: liczydło | abakus | abak
sense_list:
(historical, obsolete) A table or tray scattered with sand which was used for calculating or drawing. [attested from c. 1387] | A device used for performing arithmetical calculations; (rare) a table on which loose counters are placed, or (more commonly) an instrument with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units, the next tens, etc. [from late 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abacus__Noun__1
written_rep: abacus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: abakus | liczydło
sense_list:
(architecture) The uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave, in some cases a flat oblong or square slab, in others more decorated. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abaft__Preposition__1
written_rep: abaft
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: za
sense_list:
(nautical) Behind; toward the stern relative to some other object or position; aft of. [First attested around the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abalone__Noun__1
written_rep: abalone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: słuchotka | ucho morskie
sense_list:
(North America, Australia) An edible univalve mollusc of the genus Haliotis, having a shell lined with mother-of-pearl. [from mid-19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
written_rep: abandon
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: porzucić | porzucać
sense_list:
(transitive) To give up or relinquish control of, to surrender or to give oneself over, or to yield to one's emotions. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
written_rep: abandon
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: opuścić | opuszczać | wyrzec się | wyrzekać się
sense_list:
(transitive) To desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to; to turn away from; to permit to lapse; to renounce; to discontinue. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
written_rep: abandon
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: wyrzec się | wyrzekać się
sense_list:
(transitive) To leave behind; to desert, as in a ship, a position, or a person, typically in response to overwhelming odds or impending dangers; to forsake, in spite of a duty or responsibility. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
written_rep: abandon
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: wyganiać | wygonić
sense_list:
(transitive, obsolete) To cast out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abandoned__Adjective__1
written_rep: abandoned
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: opuszczony
sense_list:
No longer maintained by its former owners, residents, or caretakers; forsaken, deserted. [Late 15th century]


lexentry: eng/abandonment__Noun__1
written_rep: abandonment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abandon
sense_list:
The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment. [Late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abandonware__Noun__1
written_rep: abandonware
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abandonware
sense_list:
(software, chiefly, _, video games) A software product that is no longer updated or maintained, or whose copyright is no longer defended or which is no longer marketed even by the company who made it.


lexentry: eng/abase__Verb__1
written_rep: abase
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: korzyć
sense_list:
(transitive) To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate. [from c. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/abash__Verb__1
written_rep: abash
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: speszyć | zawstydzać
sense_list:
(transitive) To make ashamed; to embarrass; to destroy the self-possession of, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to disconcert; to discomfit. [First attested from around (1150 to 1350).]


lexentry: eng/abatacept__Noun__1
written_rep: abatacept
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abatacept
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) A fusion protein composed of an immunoglobulin fused to the extracellular domain of CTLA-4, a molecule capable of binding B7, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.


lexentry: eng/abate__Verb__1
written_rep: abate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anulować
sense_list:
To curtail or end (something); to cause to cease. [14th–17th c.] | To make (a writ or other legal document) void; to nullify. [from late 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/abate__Verb__1
written_rep: abate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dedukować
sense_list:
Chiefly followed by from, of, etc.: to omit or remove (a part from a whole); to deduct, to subtract. [15th–19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abate__Verb__1
written_rep: abate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obniżać
sense_list:
Chiefly followed by of: to deprive (someone or something of another thing). [15th–19th c.] | To bring down (someone) mentally or physically; to lower (someone) in status. [14th–17th c.] | To reduce (something) in amount or size. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/abate__Verb__1
written_rep: abate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: eliminować
sense_list:
(chiefly, historical) Of a writ or other legal document: to become null and void; to cease to have effect. [from late 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/abatement__Noun__1
written_rep: abatement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: redukcja
sense_list:
The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; a moderation; removal or putting an end to; the suppression. [First attested from 1340 to 1470.] | An amount abated; that which is taken away by way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount allowed; in particular from a tax. [Late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abatement__Noun__1
written_rep: abatement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: poniżenie
sense_list:
(heraldry) A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon; any figure added to the coat of arms tending to lower the dignity or station of the bearer. [Early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abatis__Noun__1
written_rep: abatis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zasiek
sense_list:
A means of defense formed by felled trees, or sometimes by bent trees, the ends of whose branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy, and more recently fortified with barbed wire. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abax__Noun__1
written_rep: abax
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: liczydło
sense_list:
An ancient counting board containing grooves in which counters were placed; a forerunner of the abacus.


lexentry: eng/abaxial__Adjective__1
written_rep: abaxial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odosiowy
sense_list:
(botany, zoology) Of a side that is facing away from the axis or central line, such as the underside of a leaf; or the back of an animal. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abbacy__Noun__1
written_rep: abbacy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: opactwo
sense_list:
The dignity, estate, term, or jurisdiction of an abbot or abbess. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abbess__Noun__1
written_rep: abbess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: opatka | przeorysza | ksieni
sense_list:
A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. [First attested around 1150 to 1350]


lexentry: eng/abbey__Noun__1
written_rep: abbey
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: opactwo
sense_list:
A monastery or society of people, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy, which is headed by an abbot or abbess; also, the monastic building or buildings. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.] | The church of a monastery. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abbreviate__Verb__1
written_rep: abbreviate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: skracać | skrócić
sense_list:
(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abbreviation__Noun__1
written_rep: abbreviation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: skrót | skrócenie | skrótowiec
sense_list:
(linguistics) A shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase used to represent the whole, using omission of letters, and sometimes substitution of letters, or duplication of initial letters to signify plurality, including signs such as +, =, @. [Late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abbreviation__Noun__1
written_rep: abbreviation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: abrewiatura
sense_list:
(music) One or more dashes through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, demisemiquavers, or hemidemisemiquavers.


lexentry: eng/abciximab__Noun__1
written_rep: abciximab
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abciksimab
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) A powerful anticlotting drug (trademark ReoPro) that inhibits platelet aggregation by binding to a glycoprotein receptor on human platelets and that consists of the Fab fragment from a chimeric monoclonal antibody prepared from humans and mice.


lexentry: eng/abdicate__Verb__1
written_rep: abdicate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: abdykować
sense_list:
(transitive) To surrender, renounce or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; to fail to fulfill responsibility for. [from mid 17th c.] | (intransitive) To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity; to renounce sovereignty. [First attested in the early 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdication__Noun__1
written_rep: abdication
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: abdykacja
sense_list:
The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abdomen__Noun__1
written_rep: abdomen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: abdomen | odwłok
sense_list:
(zoology, entomology) The posterior section of the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other Arthropoda. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdominal_cavity__Noun__1
written_rep: abdominal cavity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jama brzuszna
sense_list:
(anatomy) The hollow portion of the torso within the abdomen, containing the abdominal organs, in mammals below the diaphragm.


lexentry: eng/abdominoplasty__Noun__1
written_rep: abdominoplasty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abdominoplastyka
sense_list:
(surgery, uncountable) The surgical removal of excess flesh from the abdomen, usually for cosmetic reasons.


lexentry: eng/abduct__Verb__1
written_rep: abduct
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: uprowadzać | uprowadzić
sense_list:
(transitive) To take away by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually with violence or deception; to kidnap. [Early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abduction__Noun__1
written_rep: abduction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: abdukcja
sense_list:
(anatomy) The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; the movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body. [Mid 17th century.] | (logic) A syllogism or form of argument in which the major premise is evident, but the minor is only probable. [Late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abductor__Noun__2
written_rep: abductor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abduktor | mięsień odwodziciel | mięsień odwodzący | odwodziciel
sense_list:
(anatomy) A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or from the median line of the body[early 17th century]


lexentry: eng/abecedary__Noun__1
written_rep: abecedary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: alfabet
sense_list:
One that teaches or learns the alphabet or the fundamentals of any subject; abecedarian. [from late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/abelian__Adjective__1
written_rep: abelian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abelowa | przemienna
sense_list:
(mathematics) Of an algebraic structure (usually a group or algebra), having a commutative defining operation. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrance__Noun__1
written_rep: aberrance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odstępstwo
sense_list:
State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude. [Mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrant__Adjective__1
written_rep: aberrant
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nienormalny
sense_list:
Differing from the norm. [First attested sometime between the mid 16th century and the early 17th century.] | (sometimes, figuratively) Straying from the right way; deviating from morality or truth. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrant__Adjective__1
written_rep: aberrant
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: dziwaczny
sense_list:
(botany, zoology) Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional; abnormal. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
written_rep: aberration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: aberracja
sense_list:
(optics) The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; a defect in a focusing mechanism that prevents the intended focal point. [Mid 18th century.] | (astronomy) A small periodical change of the apparent positions of the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer. [Mid 18th century.] | A mental disorder, especially one of a minor or temporary character. [Early 19th century.] | (zoology, botany) Atypical development or structure; deviation from the normal type; an aberrant organ. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abet__Verb__1
written_rep: abet
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: asystować
sense_list:
(transitive) To support, countenance, maintain, uphold, or aid (any good cause, opinion, or action); to maintain. [from late 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abetalipoproteinemia__Noun__1
written_rep: abetalipoproteinemia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abetalipoproteinemia
sense_list:
(disease) A rare autosomal recessive disorder that interferes with the normal absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins from food.


lexentry: eng/abettor__Noun__1
written_rep: abettor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wspólnik
sense_list:
One that abets an offender; one that incites; instigates; encourages. [First attested from 1350 to 1470.] | A supporter or advocate. [Late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abeyance__Noun__1
written_rep: abeyance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wakacje
sense_list:
(legal) Expectancy; a condition when an ownership of real property is undetermined; lapse in succession of ownership of estate, or title. [Late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/abhor__Verb__1
written_rep: abhor
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czuć odrazę | nie cierpieć
sense_list:
(transitive) To regard (someone or something) as horrifying or detestable; to feel great repugnance toward. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abhorrence__Noun__1
written_rep: abhorrence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odraza
sense_list:
(uncountable, countable) Extreme aversion or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike or loathing. [Mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abide__Verb__1
written_rep: abide
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cierpieć
sense_list:
(transitive) To endure without yielding; to withstand. [from mid-12th c.] | (transitive) To pay for; to stand the consequences of. [from late 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abide__Verb__1
written_rep: abide
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: mieszkać
sense_list:
(transitive) To bear patiently. [from late 15th c.] | Used in a phrasal verb: . | (intransitive, obsolete) To wait in expectation. [mid-12th–mid-17th c.] | (intransitive, obsolete) To pause; to delay. [from ca. 1150—1350 to mid-17th c.] | (intransitive, archaic, Scotland) To stay; to continue in a place; to remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to be left. [from ca. 1150—1350] | (intransitive, archaic) To have one's abode. [from ca. 1350—1470] | (intransitive, archaic) To endure; to remain; to last. [from ca. 1350—1470] | (transitive, archaic) To stand ready for; to await for someone; watch for. [from early 12th c.] | (transitive, obsolete) To endure or undergo a hard trial or a task; to stand up under. [from ca. 1150—1350 to early 18th c.] | (transitive, archaic) To await submissively; accept without question; submit to. [from ca. 1350—1470]


lexentry: eng/abide_by__Verb__1
written_rep: abide by
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stosować się
sense_list:
(transitive) To accept (a decision or law) and act in accordance with it; to conform to (a decision or law); to acquiesce to (a decision or law).


lexentry: eng/abietic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: abietic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas abietynowy
sense_list:
(carboxylic acid) A yellowish resin acid isolated from rosin and used in varnishes and esters for plasticizers; C19H29COOH


lexentry: eng/abietin__Noun__1
written_rep: abietin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abietyna
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) A resin obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether.


lexentry: eng/ability__Noun__1
written_rep: ability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zdolność
sense_list:
(uncountable) The quality or state of being able; capacity to do or of doing something; having the necessary power. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abiogenesis__Noun__1
written_rep: abiogenesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abiogeneza | samorództwo | archigonia
sense_list:
(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents. [from 1870]


lexentry: eng/abiology__Noun__1
written_rep: abiology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abiologia
sense_list:
(science) The sciences, such as geology and astronomy, that collectively deal with inorganic or lifeless bodies.


lexentry: eng/abiotic__Adjective__1
written_rep: abiotic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abiotyczny
sense_list:
Nonliving, inanimate, characterised by the absence of life; of inorganic matter. [Mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abjad__Noun__1
written_rep: abjad
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abdżad
sense_list:
A writing system for Arabic, historically also employed as a numeral system, in which there is one glyph (symbol or letter) for each consonant but vowels are not specified. | (linguistics) Any writing system in which glyphs are used to represent consonants or consonantal phonemes, but not vowels.


lexentry: eng/abject__Adjective__1
written_rep: abject
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gorzki
sense_list:
Existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state; contemptible, despicable, miserable. [from early 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/abject__Adjective__1
written_rep: abject
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: mizerny
sense_list:
Of a person: cast down in hope or spirit; showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation; also, grovelling; ingratiating; servile. [from mid 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/abject__Noun__1
written_rep: abject
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: parias
sense_list:
A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; an oppressed person; an outcast; also, such people as a class. [from early 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abjuration__Noun__1
written_rep: abjuration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abiuracja
sense_list:
A solemn recantation or renunciation on oath; as, an abjuration of heresy. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abjure__Verb__1
written_rep: abjure
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: wyrzec się | wyrzekać się
sense_list:
(transitive) To reject with solemnity; to abandon forever; to repudiate; to disclaim. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/ablactation__Noun__1
written_rep: ablactation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ablaktacja
sense_list:
The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young animals from their dam. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/ablation__Noun__1
written_rep: ablation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ablacja
sense_list:
(surgery) The surgical removal of a body part, an organ, or especially a tumor; the removal of an organ function; amputation. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.] | (sciences) The progressive removal of material by any of a variety of processes such as melting or vaporization under heat or chipping. [Mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/ablative__Adjective__1
written_rep: ablative
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ablatywny
sense_list:
(grammar) Applied to one of the cases of the noun in some languages, the fundamental meaning of the case being removal, separation, or taking away, and to a lesser degree, instrument, place, accordance, specifications, price, or measurement. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/ablative_absolute__Noun__1
written_rep: ablative absolute
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ablativus absolutus
sense_list:
(grammar) A construction in Latin and other sister languages in which an independent phrase with a noun in the ablative case has a participle, adjective, or noun, expressed or implied, which agrees with it in gender, number and case – both words forming a clause grammatically unconnected with the rest of the sentence.


lexentry: eng/ablative_case__Noun__1
written_rep: ablative case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ablatyw | pochodnik
sense_list:
(grammar) A noun case used in some languages to indicate movement away from something, removal, separation. In English grammar, it corresponds roughly to the use in English of prepositions "of", "from", "away from", and "concerning". In Latin grammar, the ablative case (cāsus ablātīvus) includes functions derived from the Indo-European ablative, instrumental, comitative, associative and locative cases; these cases express concepts similar to those of the English prepositions "of"/"from", "by", "with", "to"/"with", and "at"/"in", respectively. Here/hence/hither, there/thence/thither, and where/whence/whither are the only English words with separate forms for the ablative (motion away from) and lative (motion towards) cases.


lexentry: eng/ablaut__Noun__1
written_rep: ablaut
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przegłos | alternacja | apofonia
sense_list:
(phonology) The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation, distinct from the phonetic influence of a succeeding vowel. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/able-bodied_seaman__Noun__1
written_rep: able-bodied seaman
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mat
sense_list:
(nautical) A seaman, especially one in the merchant navy, who has been trained or certified in all routine duties; a member of the Royal Navy rated between ordinary seaman and leading seaman or boatswain's mate.


lexentry: eng/able__Adjective__1
written_rep: able
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: mieć możliwość | móc | potrafić
sense_list:
Free from constraints preventing completion of task; permitted to; not prevented from. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/able__Adjective__1
written_rep: able
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: zdolny | umiejętny | zręczny
sense_list:
Gifted with skill, intelligence, knowledge, or competence. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/ablegate__Noun__1
written_rep: ablegate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ablegat
sense_list:
(Roman Catholicism) A representative of the pope charged with important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of office.


lexentry: eng/abloom__Adverb__1
written_rep: abloom
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: w kwiatach
sense_list:
(postpositive) In or into bloom; in a blooming state; having flower blooms unfolding. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/ablution__Noun__1
written_rep: ablution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ablucja | obmycie
sense_list:
The act of washing or cleansing the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite. [From mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnegate__Verb__1
written_rep: abnegate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zabraniać
sense_list:
(transitive) To deny (oneself something); to renounce or give up (a right, a power, a claim, a privilege, a convenience). [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormal__Adjective__1
written_rep: abnormal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nienormalny | anormalny
sense_list:
Not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type. [First attested around the mid 19th century.] | Of or pertaining to that which is irregular, in particular, behaviour that deviates from norms of social propriety or accepted standards of mental health. [First attested around the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormality__Noun__1
written_rep: abnormality
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anormalność | nienormalność
sense_list:
The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity. [First attested in the mid 19th century.] | Something abnormal; an aberration; an abnormal occurrence or feature. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormally__Adverb__1
written_rep: abnormally
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anormalnie | nienormalnie
sense_list:
In an abnormal manner; in a way that deviates from a standard, norm, or average. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormity__Noun__1
written_rep: abnormity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nieregularność
sense_list:
(rare) [First attested in the mid 18th century.] | A monstrosity [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abode__Noun__1
written_rep: abode
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: miejsce zamieszkania | sadyba | siedziba
sense_list:
(dated, or, legal) Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn. [Attested from (1350 to 1470) to the mid 18th century.] | (formal) A residence, dwelling or habitation. [First attested from around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abolition__Noun__1
written_rep: abolition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abolicja
sense_list:
The act of abolishing; an annulling; abrogation. [First attested around the early 16th century.] | (historical, often capitalised, UK, US) The ending of the slave trade or of slavery. [First attested around the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abolitionism__Noun__1
written_rep: abolitionism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abolicjonizm
sense_list:
Support for the abolition of something; the tenets of abolitionists. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abolitionist__Noun__1
written_rep: abolitionist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abolicjonista | abolicjonistka
sense_list:
A person who favors the abolition of any particular institution or practice. [since the late 18th century]


lexentry: eng/abomasum__Noun__1
written_rep: abomasum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: trawieniec
sense_list:
(biology, food) The fourth digestive compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminant, after the omasum;the lining of said compartment, considered as a foodstuff.


lexentry: eng/abominable__Adjective__1
written_rep: abominable
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ohydny | niegodziwy | odrażający | plugawy
sense_list:
Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable. [first attested around 1150 to 1350]


lexentry: eng/abominate__Verb__1
written_rep: abominate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: brzydzić
sense_list:
(transitive) To feel disgust towards; to loathe or detest thoroughly; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious dread. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abonnement__Noun__1
written_rep: abonnement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abonament
sense_list:
A subscription or season ticket in a French-speaking country or another country where abonnement is the local term. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aboriginal__Adjective__1
written_rep: aboriginal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aborygeński
sense_list:
First according to historical or scientific records; original; indigenous; primitive. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/aborigine__Noun__1
written_rep: aborigine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aborygen | autochton | krajowiec | tubylec
sense_list:
A native inhabitant of a country; a member of the original people. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aborning__Adverb__1
written_rep: aborning
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: w powijakach
sense_list:
(chiefly, North America) That is in the process of being born; coming into existence; before coming to completion. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abortifacient__Noun__1
written_rep: abortifacient
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: daremny
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug or an agent that induces an abortion. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abortion__Noun__1
written_rep: abortion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aborcja | abort
sense_list:
An induced abortion. | (medicine) The expulsion from the womb of a foetus or embryo before it is fully developed, with loss of the foetus.[from 16th c.] | (biology) Arrest of development of any organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is absorbed. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abortionist__Noun__1
written_rep: abortionist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aborcjonista | aborcjonistka | aborter
sense_list:
(now, sometimes, offensive) A person who performs abortions, especially illegally or secretly. [from 1844]


lexentry: eng/abortive__Adjective__1
written_rep: abortive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aborcyjny
sense_list:
(obsolete) Produced by abortion; born prematurely and therefore unnatural. [c. 1400–mid 1700s] | (medicine, pharmaceutical effect, rare) Causing abortion; abortifacient.


lexentry: eng/about__Adverb__1
written_rep: about
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: około | niemal | prawie
sense_list:
Nearly; approximately; with close correspondence in quality, manner, degree, quantity, or time; almost. [from before 1150]


lexentry: eng/about__Adverb__1
written_rep: about
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: wstecz
sense_list:
To a reversed order; half round; facing in the opposite direction; from a contrary point of view. [from ca. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/about__Adverb__1
written_rep: about
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: wkoło
sense_list:
(archaic) In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way; around the outside; in circumference. [from ca. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/about__Preposition__1
written_rep: about
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ponad
sense_list:
Over or upon different parts of; through or over in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in; throughout. [from ca. 1150–1350]


lexentry: eng/about__Preposition__1
written_rep: about
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: o
sense_list:
Concerning; with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect. [from ca. 1150–1350] | Concerned with; engaged in; intent on. [from ca. 1150–1350]


lexentry: eng/about__Preposition__1
written_rep: about
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: przy
sense_list:
(figurative) In or near, as in mental faculties or (literally) in the possession of; under the control of; at one's command; in one's makeup. [from ca. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/about_to__Phrase__1
written_rep: about to
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: właśnie | zaraz
sense_list:
(idiomatic, with infinitive verb) Indicates something that will happen very soon; indicates action that is imminent.


lexentry: eng/above__Adjective__1
written_rep: above
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: powyższy
sense_list:
(by ellipsis) Being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page. [first attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/above__Adverb__1
written_rep: above
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: powyżej
sense_list:
Higher in the same page; earlier in the order as far as writing products go. [first attested before 1150.]


lexentry: eng/abracadabra__Noun__1
written_rep: abracadabra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abrakadabra
sense_list:
A use of the mystical term ‘abracadabra’, supposed to work as part of a healing charm or a magical spell; any spell or incantation making use of the word. [from 16th c.] | Mumbo jumbo; obscure language or technicalities; jargon. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion__Noun__1
written_rep: abrasion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abrazja
sense_list:
The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction. [First attested in the mid 17th century.] | (geology) The effect of mechanical erosion of rock, especially a river bed, by rock fragments scratching and scraping it. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion__Noun__1
written_rep: abrasion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: przetarcie | abrazja
sense_list:
(medicine) A superficial wound caused by scraping; an area of skin where the cells on the surface have been scraped or worn away. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion_platform__Noun__1
written_rep: abrasion platform
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: platforma abrazyjna
sense_list:
(geology) A sloping or nearly flat bedrock surface extending out from the foot of a marine cliff under shallow water of a breaker (wave) zone, that was created by marine abrasion.


lexentry: eng/abrasive__Adjective__1
written_rep: abrasive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: szorstki
sense_list:
Being rough and coarse in manner or disposition; overly aggressive and causing irritation. [First attested in 1925.]


lexentry: eng/abrasive__Noun__1
written_rep: abrasive
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ścierny
sense_list:
A hard inorganic substance or material consisting in powder or granule form such as sandpaper, pumice, or emery, used for cleaning, smoothing, or polishing. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abreact__Verb__1
written_rep: abreact
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odreagować
sense_list:
(transitive, psychoanalysis) To eliminate previously repressed emotions by reliving past experiences. [First attested in the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abridge__Verb__1
written_rep: abridge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ograniczać
sense_list:
(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten in duration or extent. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abridge__Verb__1
written_rep: abridge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: skracać
sense_list:
(transitive) To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense[First attested in 1384.]. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abridgment__Noun__1
written_rep: abridgment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: wyjście
sense_list:
(US) An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened or abridged form; an abbreviation. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abrogate__Verb__1
written_rep: abrogate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abrogować
sense_list:
(transitive, law) To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or her or his successor; to repeal; — applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc. [First attested in the early 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrupt__Adjective__1
written_rep: abrupt
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: nagłe | nagły
sense_list:
Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrupt__Adjective__1
written_rep: abrupt
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: nagły
sense_list:
Having sudden transitions from one subject or state to another; unconnected; disjointed. [First attested in the late 16th century.] | Extremely steep or craggy as if broken up; precipitous. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abruptly__Adverb__1
written_rep: abruptly
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nagle | bezceremonialnie | improwizując | raptem
sense_list:
In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly; precipitously. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscess__Noun__1
written_rep: abscess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ropień | absces
sense_list:
(pathology) A cavity caused by tissue destruction, usually because of infection, filled with pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscise__Verb__1
written_rep: abscise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: chudnąć
sense_list:
(intransitive, botany) To separate by means of abscission; to shed or drop off. [First attested in the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscissa__Noun__1
written_rep: abscissa
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odcięta | abscysa
sense_list:
(geometry) The first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes. [First attested in the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absence__Noun__1
written_rep: absence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: absencja | nieobecność
sense_list:
Failure to be present where one is expected, wanted, or needed; nonattendance; deficiency. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absence__Noun__1
written_rep: absence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: nieobecność
sense_list:
Inattention to things present; abstraction (of mind). [First attested in the early 18th century.] | (fencing) Lack of contact between blades.


lexentry: eng/absence_makes_the_heart_grow_fonder__Proverb__1
written_rep: absence makes the heart grow fonder
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krótkie rozstania scalają związki
sense_list:
(idiom) When someone or something is far away, one realizes how much one loves or misses them or it.


lexentry: eng/absence_of_mind__Noun__1
written_rep: absence of mind
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nieobecność
sense_list:
A state or the quality of being absent-minded (abstracted, preoccupied). [First attested in the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absent-minded__Adjective__1
written_rep: absent-minded
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: roztargniony
sense_list:
Absent in mind; often preoccupied; forgetful or careless due to distraction; easily distracted. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absent-mindedness__Noun__1
written_rep: absent-mindedness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: roztargnienie
sense_list:
The characteristic or state of being easily distracted or preoccupied. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absent__Adjective__1
written_rep: absent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nieobecny
sense_list:
(not comparable) Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present; missing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.] | (not comparable) Not existing; lacking. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.] | (comparable) Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied. [First attested in the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absentee__Noun__1
written_rep: absentee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nieobecny
sense_list:
A person who is absent from his or her employment, school, post, duty, etc. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absenteeism__Noun__1
written_rep: absenteeism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absencja
sense_list:
The state of being absent, especially frequently or without good reason; the practice of an absentee. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absinthe__Noun__1
written_rep: absinthe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: absynt | piołunówka | zielona wróżka
sense_list:
A distilled, highly alcoholic, anise-flavored liquor originally made from grande wormwood, anise, and other herbs. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/absinthin__Noun__1
written_rep: absinthin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absyntyna
sense_list:
(organic compound) The principal compound found in wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), having a bitter taste: C15H20O4


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
written_rep: absolute
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absolutny | bezwarunkowy | bezwzględny
sense_list:
Free of restrictions, limitations, qualifications or conditions; unconditional. [first attested in the late 1400s]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
written_rep: absolute
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: absolutny
sense_list:
Free from imperfection, perfect, complete; especially, perfectly embodying a quality in its essential characteristics or to its highest degree. [first attested around 1400] | (especially, philosophy) Fundamental, ultimate, intrinsic; not relative; independent of references or relations to other things or standards. [first attested in the late 1700s]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
written_rep: absolute
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: bezwzględny
sense_list:
(grammar) Not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence; not in a syntactical relation with other parts of a text, or qualifying the text as a whole rather than any single word in it, like "it being over" in "it being over, she left". [first attested around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Noun__1
written_rep: absolute
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: absolut
sense_list:
(philosophy, usually capitalized, usually preceded by "the") A realm which exists without reference to anything else; that which can be imagined purely by itself; absolute ego. | (chemistry) A concentrated natural flower oil, used for perfumes; an alcoholic extract of a concrete.


lexentry: eng/absolute_music__Noun__1
written_rep: absolute music
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: muzyka absolutna
sense_list:
Instrumental music having an intellectual and affective content, which depends solely on its rhythmic, melodic, and contrapuntal structure.


lexentry: eng/absolute_pitch__Noun__1
written_rep: absolute pitch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: słuch absolutny
sense_list:
(music, countable, or, uncountable) The exact pitch of a note as established by its rate of vibration based on a standard scale.


lexentry: eng/absolute_value__Noun__1
written_rep: absolute value
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wartość bezwzględna
sense_list:
(mathematics) For a complex number a+bi, the principal square root of the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary parts, \sqrt{a^2+b^2}. Denoted by | |.


lexentry: eng/absolute_zero__Noun__1
written_rep: absolute zero
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zero bezwzględne
sense_list:
(physics) The coldest possible temperature, zero on the Kelvin scale, or approximately −273.15 °C, −459.67 °F; total absence of heat; temperature at which motion of all molecules would cease. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absoluteness__Noun__1
written_rep: absoluteness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absolutność
sense_list:
(obsolete) The fact of being finished or perfected; completeness. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the 17th century.] | The fact of being without qualifications or conditions; certainty, unconditionality. [First attested in the 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolution__Noun__1
written_rep: absolution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absolucja | rozgrzeszenie
sense_list:
(ecclesiastical) An absolving of sins from ecclesiastical penalties by an authority. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.] | The form of words by which a penitent is absolved. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.] | An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty; forgiveness of an offense. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.] | (civil, _, legal, obsolete) An acquittal, or sentence of a judge declaring an accused person innocent. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolutism__Noun__1
written_rep: absolutism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: absolutyzm
sense_list:
(political science, sociology) The principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; Synonym of despotism. [First attested in the early 19th century.] | (philosophy) Belief in a metaphysical absolute; belief in Absolute. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolutist__Noun__1
written_rep: absolutist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absolutysta | absolutystka
sense_list:
One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic government. [from mid 19th c.] | (metaphysics) One who believes that it is possible to realize a cognition or concept of the Absolute. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/absolutive__Adjective__1
written_rep: absolutive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absolutywny
sense_list:
(grammar) Of or pertaining to the grammatical case used to indicate the patient or experiencer of a verb’s action.


lexentry: eng/absolutive_case__Noun__1
written_rep: absolutive case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absolutyw
sense_list:
(grammatical case) case used to indicate the patient or experiencer of a verb’s action. The absolutive case is used to mark the subject of an intransitive verb, as well as the object of a transitive verb (inasmuch as they are codified in the English nominative-accusative system). Some languages that employ the absolutive case include Abkhaz, Basque, Chechen, Dyirbal, Hindi, Inuktitut, Hiligaynon, and Yup'ik.


lexentry: eng/absolve__Verb__1
written_rep: absolve
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: absolwować | rozgrzeszać | rozgrzeszyć
sense_list:
(transitive) To pronounce free from or give absolution for a penalty, blame, or guilt. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorb__Verb__1
written_rep: absorb
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absorbować | wchłaniać | zaabsorbować | chłonąć | pochłaniać | pochłonąć
sense_list:
(transitive) To include so that it no longer has separate existence; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to incorporate; to assimilate; to take in and use up. [first attested c. 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absorbed__Adjective__1
written_rep: absorbed
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pochłonięty
sense_list:
Fully occupied with one's thoughts; engrossed. [First attested in the mid 18th century.] | (Of something) That has been taken in, engulfed, imbibed, or assimilated. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorbency__Noun__1
written_rep: absorbency
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absorbancja
sense_list:
The quality of being absorbent. | (physics) The ratio of the absorbance or optical density of a substance to that of a similar body of pure solvent.


lexentry: eng/absorbent__Adjective__1
written_rep: absorbent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absorbujący | absorpcyjny | chłonny | pochłanający | wchłanający
sense_list:
Having the ability or tendency to absorb; able to soak up liquid easily; absorptive. [First attested in the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorber__Noun__1
written_rep: absorber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absorbent | absorber | pochłaniacz
sense_list:
A device which causes gas or vapor to be absorbed by a liquid. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorptiometer__Noun__1
written_rep: absorptiometer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absorpcjometr
sense_list:
An instrument that computes the absorption rate by measuring the pressure of the gas; a colorimeter for liquids. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorption__Noun__1
written_rep: absorption
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absorpcja
sense_list:
(physical chemistry, physics) the imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action, of radiant energy; the process of being neutrons being absorbed by the nucleus; interception. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorption__Noun__1
written_rep: absorption
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyswajanie | absorpcja
sense_list:
(physiology) in living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs; taking in by various means, such as by osmosis. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorptive__Adjective__1
written_rep: absorptive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absorbujący | chłonny | pochłanający | wchłanający
sense_list:
Having power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe; absorbent. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstain__Verb__1
written_rep: abstain
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: powstrzymać | powstrzymywać | wstrzymać | wstrzymywać
sense_list:
(intransitive) Refrain from (something or doing something); keep from doing, especially an indulgence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstainer__Noun__1
written_rep: abstainer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abstynent | abstynentka
sense_list:
Agent noun of abstain; one who abstains; especially, one who abstains from something, such as the use of alcohol or drugs, or one who abstains for religious reasons; one who practices self-denial. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstention__Noun__1
written_rep: abstention
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abstynencja
sense_list:
(obsolete) The act of restraining oneself. [Attested from the early 16th century until the med 17th century.] | The act of abstaining or refraining (from). [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
written_rep: abstinence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abstynencja
sense_list:
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating/alcoholic beverages; total abstinence; teetotalism). [First attested around 1150 to 1350.] | (business) Delay of spending to accrue capital.


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
written_rep: abstinence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abstynencja | wstrzemięźliwość
sense_list:
The act or practice of abstaining, refraining from indulging a desire or appetite. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
written_rep: abstinence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wstrzemięźliwość | abstynencja
sense_list:
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from sexual intercourse, either permanently or until marriage. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abstinent__Adjective__1
written_rep: abstinent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wstrzemięźliwy
sense_list:
Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence of appetite. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Adjective__1
written_rep: abstract
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: abstrakcyjny
sense_list:
Apart from practice or reality; vague; theoretical; impersonal; not applied. | Difficult to understand; abstruse; hard to conceptualize. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.] | (arts, often, capitalized) Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20th century. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Verb__1
written_rep: abstract
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abstrahować | odciągać | odciągnąć | wyabstrahować
sense_list:
To conceptualize an ideal subgroup by means of the generalization of an attribute, as follows: by apprehending an attribute inherent to one individual, then separating that attribute and contemplating it by itself, then conceiving of that attribute as a general quality, then despecifying that conceived quality with respect to several or many individuals, and by then ideating a group composed of those individuals perceived to possess said quality.


lexentry: eng/abstract__Verb__1
written_rep: abstract
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odciągać | odciągnąć
sense_list:
(transitive) To draw off (interest or attention). | (transitive) To separate; to disengage. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.] | (transitive, euphemistic) To steal; to take away; to remove without permission. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstract_algebra__Noun__1
written_rep: abstract algebra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: algebra abstrakcyjna
sense_list:
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics concerned with algebraic structures, such as groups, rings, and fields.


lexentry: eng/abstracted__Adjective__1
written_rep: abstracted
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: pochłonięty
sense_list:
Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind; meditative. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstraction__Noun__1
written_rep: abstraction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: abstrakcja
sense_list:
The act of focusing on one characteristic of an object rather than the object as a whole group of characteristics; the act of separating said qualities from the object or ideas. [First attested in the late 16th century.] | The act of comparing commonality between distinct objects and organizing using those similarities; the act of generalizing characteristics; the product of said generalization. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstractionism__Noun__1
written_rep: abstractionism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abstrakcjonizm
sense_list:
The creation, principles, or ideals of abstractions, in particular art. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstractionist__Noun__1
written_rep: abstractionist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abstrakcjonista | abstrakcjonistka
sense_list:
An idealist. [First attested in the mid 19th century.] | (art) Someone who supports or creates abstract art.


lexentry: eng/abstractive__Adjective__1
written_rep: abstractive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abstrakcyjny
sense_list:
Having an abstracting nature or tendency; tending to separate; tending to be withdrawn. [First attested in the late 15th century.] | Derived by abstraction; belonging to abstraction. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurd__Adjective__1
written_rep: absurd
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absurdalny | niedorzeczny | bezsensowny
sense_list:
Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and flatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; silly. [from mid-16th c.]


lexentry: eng/absurdism__Noun__1
written_rep: absurdism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absurdyzm
sense_list:
(uncountable, philosophy) A philosophy which holds that the universe is chaotic and irrational and that any attempt to impose order will ultimately fail. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurdist__Noun__1
written_rep: absurdist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absurdalista | absurdysta
sense_list:
An advocate of absurdism, in particular a writer of absurd topics. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurdity__Noun__1
written_rep: absurdity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: absurd | bezsens
sense_list:
(countable) That which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurdity__Noun__1
written_rep: absurdity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: absurdalność | bezsensowność | niedorzeczność
sense_list:
(uncountable) The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. [First attested in the early 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abulia__Noun__1
written_rep: abulia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abulia
sense_list:
(psychiatry) Absence of willpower or decisiveness, especially as a symptom of mental illness. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abundance__Noun__1
written_rep: abundance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: obfitość
sense_list:
An overflowing fullness or ample sufficiency; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; plentifulness. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abundant__Adjective__1
written_rep: abundant
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obfity
sense_list:
Fully sufficient; found in copious supply; in great quantity; overflowing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abundant_number__Noun__1
written_rep: abundant number
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: liczba bogata
sense_list:
(number theory) A number that is less than the sum of its proper divisors (all divisors except the number itself).


lexentry: eng/abundantly__Adverb__1
written_rep: abundantly
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obficie
sense_list:
In an abundant manner; in a sufficient degree; in large measure. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Noun__1
written_rep: abuse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nadużycie | molestowanie
sense_list:
Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom. [from around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Noun__1
written_rep: abuse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: obraza | zniewaga
sense_list:
Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies. [from mid-16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Verb__1
written_rep: abuse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gwałcić | maltretować | zgwałcić | zmaltretować | znęcać się
sense_list:
(transitive) To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to use improperly; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert [from around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Verb__1
written_rep: abuse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: gwałcić | zgwałcić
sense_list:
(transitive, archaic) To violate; defile; to rape; (reflexive) to masturbate. [from around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/abusiveness__Noun__1
written_rep: abusiveness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abuzywność
sense_list:
The quality of being abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abut__Verb__1
written_rep: abut
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: osiągać
sense_list:
(intransitive) To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land) [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abutilon__Noun__1
written_rep: abutilon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abutilon | klonik | zaślaz
sense_list:
Any of the various tropical flowering plants of the genus Abutilon, such as the flowering maple, Indian mallow, or Chinese lantern. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abutment__Noun__1
written_rep: abutment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: przyczółek
sense_list:
(engineering, architecture) The solid portion of a structure that supports the lateral pressure of an arch or vault. [First attested in the mid 18th century.] | (architecture) That element that shares a common boundary or surface with its neighbor.


lexentry: eng/abyss__Noun__1
written_rep: abyss
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: otchłań | przepaść | czeluść
sense_list:
Hell; the bottomless pit; primeval chaos; a confined subterranean ocean. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abyss__Noun__1
written_rep: abyss
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: otchłań | przepaść
sense_list:
(frequently, figurative) A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable; any void space. [First attested in the late 16th century.] | Moral depravity; vast intellectual or moral depth.


lexentry: eng/abyssal__Adjective__1
written_rep: abyssal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: abisalny | abysalny | głębokomorski | głębokowodny
sense_list:
(geography) Of or belonging to the ocean depths, especially below 2000 metres (6500 ft): abyssal zone. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abyssal_zone__Noun__1
written_rep: abyssal zone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abisal | abysal | strefa abisalna | strefa głębinowa | strefa abysalna
sense_list:
(geography) The oceanic realm consisting of the deep ocean, typified by a dearth of plant life, and plentiful carnivorous animals that are able to withstand extreme pressure.


lexentry: eng/academia__Noun__1
written_rep: academia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akademia
sense_list:
(collective) The scientific and cultural community engaged in higher education and research, taken as a whole. [from 1956] | Continuous study at higher education institutions; scholarship.


lexentry: eng/academian__Noun__1
written_rep: academian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: akademiczka
sense_list:
(obsolete) A member of an academy, university, or college. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/academic__Adjective__1
written_rep: academic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: akademicki
sense_list:
Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning, or a scholarly society or organization. [from late 16th century] | In particular: relating to literary, classical, or artistic studies like the humanities, rather than to technical or vocational studies like engineering or welding. | (art) Conforming to set rules and traditions; conventional; formalistic. [from late 19th century]


lexentry: eng/academic__Noun__1
written_rep: academic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: akademik | akademiczka
sense_list:
A senior member of an academy, college, or university; a person who attends an academy; a person engaged in scholarly pursuits; one who is academic in practice. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academic_institution__Noun__1
written_rep: academic institution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: szkoła wyższa
sense_list:
An educational institution, dedicated to higher education and research, that grants academic degrees.


lexentry: eng/academical__Adjective__1
written_rep: academical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: akademicki
sense_list:
Pertaining to a university or other form of higher education. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academically__Adverb__1
written_rep: academically
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akademicko
sense_list:
In an academic style or way; from an academic perspective. [First attested in the late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/academician__Noun__1
written_rep: academician
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: akademiczka | akademik
sense_list:
A member or follower of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or literature, such as the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of Arts. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
written_rep: academy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: akademia
sense_list:
An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university; typically a private school. [First attested in the mid 16th century.] | A school or place of training in which some special art is taught. [First attested in the late 16th century.] | A society of learned people united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science. [First attested in the early 17th century.] | (obsolete) The knowledge disseminated in an Academy. [Attested from the early 17th century until the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/acai__Noun__1
written_rep: acai
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: euterpa warzywna
sense_list:
Any of several South American palms, of the genus Euterpe, having a dark purple drupe. | acai berry, the fruit of these trees, harvested for its juice.


lexentry: eng/acalculia__Noun__1
written_rep: acalculia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akalkulia
sense_list:
(pathology) The condition of lacking basic mathematical skills caused by a brain injury, or more specifically an injury to the parietal lobe. [First attested in the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/acanthite__Noun__1
written_rep: acanthite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: argentyt
sense_list:
(mineral) A mineral form of silver sulfide, Ag2S, that is a major ore of silver, that forms slender prisms.


lexentry: eng/acanthus__Noun__1
written_rep: acanthus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akant
sense_list:
A member of the genus Acanthus of herbaceous prickly plants with toothed leaves, (family Acanthaceae, order Lamiales (formerly Scrophulariales)) found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India. [from mid 16th century] | (architectural element) An ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of Acanthus spinosus, used in the capitals of the Corinthian and composite orders. [from mid 18th century]


lexentry: eng/acarus__Noun__1
written_rep: acarus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kleszcz
sense_list:
(zoology, acarology) Any member of the subclass Acari (aka Acarina): thus, a mite or a tick; specifically, any mite of the genus Acarus.


lexentry: eng/accede__Verb__1
written_rep: accede
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: przystawać | przystać | przystąpić | przyłączać się | przyłączyć się | wstąpić
sense_list:
(intransitive, now, _, rare) To give one's adhesion; to join up with (a group, etc.); to become part of. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/accede__Verb__1
written_rep: accede
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: obejmować | objąć
sense_list:
(intransitive) To come to an office, state or dignity; to attain, assume (a position). [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/accelerant__Noun__1
written_rep: accelerant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: paliwo
sense_list:
In the context of fire protection, a substance that accelerates the development of a fire, especially some hydrocarbon-based fuel used to spread a fire caused by arson.


lexentry: eng/accelerate__Verb__1
written_rep: accelerate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: przyśpieszać się | przyśpieszyć się
sense_list:
(transitive) To quicken the natural or ordinary progression or process of. | (intransitive) To become faster; to begin to move more quickly.


lexentry: eng/acceleration__Noun__1
written_rep: acceleration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyspieszenie | akceleracja
sense_list:
(uncountable) The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; as opposed to retardation or deceleration. | (physics) The change of velocity with respect to time (can include deceleration or changing direction).


lexentry: eng/acceleration__Noun__1
written_rep: acceleration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: przyspieszenie
sense_list:
(countable) The amount by which a speed or velocity increases (and so a scalar quantity or a vector quantity).


lexentry: eng/accelerator__Noun__1
written_rep: accelerator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: akcelerator
sense_list:
A device for causing acceleration. | (vehicle) A pedal causing the vehicle to accelerate when it is pressed. | (physics) A device that accelerates charged subatomic particles; a particle accelerator.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
written_rep: accent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akcent | nacisk
sense_list:
(linguistics) A higher-pitched or stronger (louder or longer) articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it. | (figuratively) Emphasis or importance in general.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
written_rep: accent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: akcent
sense_list:
(orthography) A mark or character used in writing, in order to indicate the place of the spoken accent, or to indicate the nature or quality of the vowel marked. | Modulation of the voice in speaking; the manner of speaking or pronouncing; a peculiar or characteristic modification of the voice, expressing emotion; tone. | (linguistics, sociolinguistics) The distinctive manner of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, social group, etc., whether of a native speaker or a foreign speaker; the phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect. | (sign languages) A distinctive manner of producing a sign language, such as someone who does not normally use a certain sign language might have when using it. | A word; a significant tone or sound. | (prosody, poetry) Stress laid on certain syllables of a verse. | (music) A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more feebly, the third part of the measure. | (music) A special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the measure. | (music) A mark used to represent this special emphasis.The third and fourth symbols are accents (marks used to represent special emphasis in music). | (music) The rhythmical accent, which marks phrases and sections of a period.


lexentry: eng/accentuate__Verb__1
written_rep: accentuate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akcentować
sense_list:
(transitive) To pronounce with an accent or vocal stress. | (transitive) To mark with a written accent.


lexentry: eng/acceptance__Noun__1
written_rep: acceptance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akceptacja | przyjęcie
sense_list:
(uncountable) The act of accepting; the receiving of something offered, with acquiescence, approbation, or satisfaction; especially, favourable reception; approval.


lexentry: eng/acceptance__Noun__1
written_rep: acceptance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: akcept | akceptacja
sense_list:
(business, finance) An assent and engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance; the bill of exchange itself when accepted.


lexentry: eng/access__Noun__1
written_rep: access
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dostęp
sense_list:
(uncountable) A way or means of approaching or entering; an entrance; a passage. | (uncountable) The act of approaching or entering; an advance. | (countable, computing) The process of locating data in memory. | (uncountable, networking) Connection to or communication with a computer program or to the Internet.


lexentry: eng/access__Noun__1
written_rep: access
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: dostęp | akces | akcesja
sense_list:
(uncountable) The right or ability of approaching or entering; admittance; admission; accessibility.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Adjective__1
written_rep: accessory
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akcesoryczny | akcesoryjny
sense_list:
Having a secondary, supplementary or subordinate function by accompanying as a subordinate; aiding in a secondary way; being additional; contributing or being contributory.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Adjective__1
written_rep: accessory
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: pomocnictwo
sense_list:
(legal) Assisting a crime without actually participating in committing the crime itself; being connected as an incident or subordinate to a principal.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Noun__1
written_rep: accessory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akcesoria | akcesorium | dodatek | dodatki
sense_list:
Something that belongs to part of another main thing; something additional and subordinate, an attachment.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Noun__1
written_rep: accessory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: współsprawca
sense_list:
(legal) A person who is not present at a crime, but contributes to it as an assistant or instigator.


lexentry: eng/accessory_after_the_fact__Noun__1
written_rep: accessory after the fact
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: popleczniczka | poplecznik
sense_list:
(legal) An individual who assists someone who has committed a crime so as to protect them from legal prosecution.


lexentry: eng/accessory_fruit__Noun__1
written_rep: accessory fruit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: owoc pozorny
sense_list:
(botany) A fruit which includes tissue not derived from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue, as for instance, a strawberry.


lexentry: eng/accessory_mineral__Noun__1
written_rep: accessory mineral
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: minerał akcesoryczny
sense_list:
(mineral) any mineral that is present in small amounts in a rock, but is not considered to be characteristic of the rock


lexentry: eng/accident__Noun__1
written_rep: accident
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wypadek
sense_list:
An unexpected event with negative consequences occurring without the intention of the one suffering the consequences, and (in the strict sense) not directly caused by humans. | (transportation) A collision or crash of a vehicle, aircraft, or other form of transportation that causes damage to the transportation involved; and sometimes injury or death to the transportation's occupants or bystanders in close proximity. (but see Usage notes)


lexentry: eng/accidental__Adjective__1
written_rep: accidental
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: przypadkowy
sense_list:
Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according to the usual course of things; by accident, unintentional. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/acclimatization__Noun__1
written_rep: acclimatization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aklimatyzacja
sense_list:
The act of acclimatizing; the process of inuring to a new climate, or the state of being so inured. | (biology) The climatic adaptation of an organism that has been moved to a new environment.


lexentry: eng/acclimatize__Verb__1
written_rep: acclimatize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: aklimatyzować | aklimatyzować się | zaaklimatyzować | zaaklimatyzować się
sense_list:
(transitive) To make used to a new climate or one that is different from that which is natural; to inure or habituate to other circumstances; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate.


lexentry: eng/acclivity__Noun__1
written_rep: acclivity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pochyłość
sense_list:
(geomorphology) A slope or inclination of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as ascending, in opposition to declivity, or descending; an upward slope; ascent.


lexentry: eng/accommodate__Verb__1
written_rep: accommodate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: akomodować
sense_list:
(transitive) To show the correspondence of; to apply or make suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental circumstances, statements to facts, etc.


lexentry: eng/accommodation__Noun__1
written_rep: accommodation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zakwaterowanie
sense_list:
(chiefly, British, usually, a mass noun) Lodging in a dwelling or similar living quarters afforded to travellers in hotels or on cruise ships, or prisoners, etc. | (countable, uncountable) A convenience, a fitting, something satisfying a need.


lexentry: eng/accommodation__Noun__1
written_rep: accommodation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: akomodacja
sense_list:
(countable, medical) The adjustment of the eye to a change of the distance from an observed object. | (linguistics, sociolinguistics) Modification(s) to make one's way of communicating similar to others involved in a conversation or discourse.


lexentry: eng/accommodation__Noun__1
written_rep: accommodation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: akomodacja | przystosowanie
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable, followed by to) The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment.


lexentry: eng/accompaniment__Noun__1
written_rep: accompaniment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akompaniament
sense_list:
(music) A part, usually performed by instruments, that gives support or adds to the background in music, or adds for ornamentation; also, the harmony of a figured bass. | That which accompanies; something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of ornament, or for the sake of symmetry.


lexentry: eng/accompany__Verb__1
written_rep: accompany
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: towarzyszyć | asystować
sense_list:
(transitive) To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with.


lexentry: eng/accomplice__Noun__1
written_rep: accomplice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: współsprawca | wspólnik | wspólniczka | współsprawczyni
sense_list:
(legal) An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory.


lexentry: eng/accordion__Noun__1
written_rep: accordion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akordeon | harmonia ręczna
sense_list:
A box-shaped musical instrument with means of keys and buttons, whose tones are generated by play of the wind from a squeezed bellows upon free metallic reeds.


lexentry: eng/account__Noun__1
written_rep: account
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konto | relacja
sense_list:
(accounting) A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review. [from c. 1300]


lexentry: eng/account__Noun__1
written_rep: account
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: konto | rachunek
sense_list:
A statement in general of reasons, causes, grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; a reason of an action to be done. | Authorization as a specific registered user in accessing a system.


lexentry: eng/account_for__Verb__1
written_rep: account for
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wyjaśniać
sense_list:
(transitive) To explain by relating circumstances; to show that some one, thing or members of a group are present or have been processed.


lexentry: eng/account_manager__Noun__1
written_rep: account manager
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: opiekun klienta
sense_list:
(business) A person who is in charge of sales to one or more named customers or to a specified segment of the market, especially in B2B marketing; supposedly refers to a somewhat more responsible job than the term salesman.


lexentry: eng/accountability__Noun__1
written_rep: accountability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odpowiedzialność | rozliczalność
sense_list:
The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to render an account or give an explanation; liability to be held responsible or answerable for something.


lexentry: eng/accountancy__Noun__1
written_rep: accountancy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rachunkowość
sense_list:
(uncountable, British, NZ, often, _, Philippines, accounting) The function of compiling and providing financial information primarily by reports referred to as financial statements, including bookkeeping, systems design, analysis and interpretation of accounting information.


lexentry: eng/accountant__Noun__1
written_rep: accountant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: księgowy | księgowa
sense_list:
(accounting) One whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another. The records are usually, but not always, financial records.


lexentry: eng/accounting__Noun__1
written_rep: accounting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rachunkowość | księgowość
sense_list:
(business) The development and use of a system for recording and analyzing the financial transactions and financial status of an individual or a business.


lexentry: eng/accounts_payable__Noun__1
written_rep: accounts payable
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: należności | zobowiązania
sense_list:
The total amount of money that is owed by a customer to its suppliers of goods and services and is counted by the customer as a current unpaid debt.


lexentry: eng/accounts_receivable__Noun__2
written_rep: accounts receivable
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: należność
sense_list:
(accounting) The total monetary amount owed to a financial entity due to debts arising from sales on credit or on account.


lexentry: eng/accredit__Verb__1
written_rep: accredit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: akredytować
sense_list:
(transitive) To put or bring into credit; to invest with credit or authority; to sanction. | (transitive) To send with letters credential, as an ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a messenger or delegate.


lexentry: eng/accreditation__Noun__1
written_rep: accreditation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akredytacja
sense_list:
The giving of credentials. | (education) The granting of approval to an institution of higher learning by an official review board after the school has met certain requirements.


lexentry: eng/accretion__Noun__1
written_rep: accretion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: akrecja
sense_list:
(legal) The adhering of property to something else, by which the owner of one thing becomes possessed of a right to another; generally, gain of land by the washing up of sand or soil from the sea or a river, or by a gradual recession of the water from the usual watermark.


lexentry: eng/accretion_disk__Noun__1
written_rep: accretion disk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dysk akrecyjny
sense_list:
(astrophysics) A structure formed by matter falling into a gravitational source such as a galaxy, black hole, or protostar.


lexentry: eng/accrual__Noun__1
written_rep: accrual
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: atak
sense_list:
An increase; something that accumulates, especially an amount of money that periodically accumulates for a specific purpose


lexentry: eng/acculturation__Noun__1
written_rep: acculturation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akulturacja
sense_list:
A process by which the culture of an isolated society changes on contact with a different one. | A process by which a person acquires the culture of the society that they inhabit, starting at birth.


lexentry: eng/accumulate__Verb__1
written_rep: accumulate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akumulować | zakumulować
sense_list:
(transitive) To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together (either literally or figuratively)


lexentry: eng/accumulation__Noun__1
written_rep: accumulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: akumulacja
sense_list:
(accounting) The continuous growth of capital by retention of interest or savings. | (finance) The action of investors buying an asset from other investors when the price of the asset is low.


lexentry: eng/accumulation_point__Noun__1
written_rep: accumulation point
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: punkt skupienia
sense_list:
(topology, "of" a subset of a topological space) Given a subset S of a topological space X, a point x whose every neighborhood contains at least one point distinct from x that belongs to S. | (analysis, "of" a sequence) Given a sequence si, a point x whose every neighborhood contains at least one element of the sequence distinct from x. | (systems theory, dynamical systems, chaos theory) For certain maps, a point beyond which periodic orbits give way to chaotic ones.


lexentry: eng/accumulator__Noun__1
written_rep: accumulator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: akumulator
sense_list:
(British) A wet-cell storage battery. | (programming) A register or variable used for holding the intermediate results of a computation or data transfer.


lexentry: eng/accusative__Adjective__1
written_rep: accusative
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: biernikowy | biernik
sense_list:
(grammar) Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin, Lithuanian and Greek nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive verb has its limited influence. Other parts of speech, including secondary or predicate direct objects, will also influence a sentence’s construction. In German the case used for direct objects.


lexentry: eng/accuse__Verb__1
written_rep: accuse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oskarżać | oskarżyć
sense_list:
(transitive) to find fault with, blame, censure | (intransitive) to make an accusation against someone


lexentry: eng/accustom__Verb__1
written_rep: accustom
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyzwyczaić | przyzwyczajać
sense_list:
(transitive, often, passive, or, reflexive, with to) To make familiar by use; to cause to accept; to habituate, familiarize, or inure.


lexentry: eng/accustomed__Adjective__1
written_rep: accustomed
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nawykły
sense_list:
Familiar with something through repeated experience; adapted to existing conditions. (of a person) | Familiar through use; usual; customary. (of a thing, condition, activity, etc.)


lexentry: eng/ace__Noun__1
written_rep: ace
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: as
sense_list:
(card games) A playing card showing a single pip, typically the highest or lowest ranking card in a game. | (tennis, volleyball) A serve won without the opponent hitting the ball. | (sometimes, _, attributive) An expert at something; a maverick, genius; a person of supreme talent. | A military aircraft pilot who is credited with shooting down many enemy aircraft, typically five or more.


lexentry: eng/acenaphthene__Noun__1
written_rep: acenaphthene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acenaften
sense_list:
(organic compound) A hydrocarbon, found in coal tar, derived from naphthalene by the addition of a short aliphatic bridge.


lexentry: eng/acephalous__Adjective__1
written_rep: acephalous
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: akefaliczny
sense_list:
(prosody) Deficient in the beginning, as a line of poetry that is missing its expected opening syllable.


lexentry: eng/acetaldehyde__Noun__1
written_rep: acetaldehyde
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acetaldehyd | aldehyd octowy
sense_list:
(organic compound) A colourless organic compound, CH3CHO, occurring widely in nature and being produced on a large scale in industry.


lexentry: eng/acetaminophen__Noun__1
written_rep: acetaminophen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: paracetamol | acetaminofen | apap | tylenol
sense_list:
(North America) A white crystalline compound used in medicine as an anodyne to relieve pain and reduce fever.


lexentry: eng/acetanilide__Noun__1
written_rep: acetanilide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acetanilid | antyfebryna
sense_list:
(organic chemistry, pharmaceutical drug) the amide derived from acetic acid and aniline; once used medicinally as an analgesic and antipyretic


lexentry: eng/acetarsol__Noun__1
written_rep: acetarsol
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acetarsol
sense_list:
(organic compound, medicine) The compound (3-acetamido-4-hydroxyphenyl)arsonic acid sometimes used as an antiinfective against the parasite protozoan Entamoeba histolytica


lexentry: eng/acetic__Adjective__1
written_rep: acetic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: octowy
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Of, pertaining to, or producing vinegar | (organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to acetic acid or its derivatives.


lexentry: eng/acetic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: acetic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas octowy
sense_list:
(carboxylic acid, fatty acid) A clear colourless organic acid, CH3COOH, formed by the bacterial oxidation of ethanol through acetic fermentation; it is used as a solvent and has very many industrial applications; it is the major acidic component of vinegar.


lexentry: eng/acetoacetic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: acetoacetic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas acetylooctowy
sense_list:
(carboxylic acid) The ketonic carboxylic acid CH3-CO-CH2-COOH, that is present in the urine of people suffering from starvation or some forms of diabetes.


lexentry: eng/acetoin__Noun__1
written_rep: acetoin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acetoina | acetylometylokarbinol
sense_list:
(organic compound) The compound 3-hydroxybutanone CH3-CO-CH(OH)-CH3 that is one of the constituents of the flavour of butter


lexentry: eng/acetonemia__Noun__1
written_rep: acetonemia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acetonemia
sense_list:
(veterinary medicine) Presence of excessive levels of acetone in blood, sometimes occurring in cows during the first weeks after giving birth to a calf.


lexentry: eng/acetophenone__Noun__1
written_rep: acetophenone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acetofenon | acetylobenzen | fenylometyloketon | metylofenyloketon
sense_list:
(organic compound) The aromatic ketone phenyl methyl ketone, used in the manufacture of very many organic compounds


lexentry: eng/acetylation__Noun__1
written_rep: acetylation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acetylowanie | acetylacja
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) The reaction of a substance with acetic acid or one of its derivatives; the introduction of one or more acetyl groups into a substance.


lexentry: eng/acetylcholine__Noun__1
written_rep: acetylcholine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acetylocholina
sense_list:
(neurotransmitter) A neurotransmitter in humans and other animals. It is an ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH3COOCH2CH2N+(CH3)3.


lexentry: eng/acetylcholinesterase__Noun__1
written_rep: acetylcholinesterase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acetylocholinoesteraza
sense_list:
(enzyme) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.


lexentry: eng/acetylcysteine__Noun__1
written_rep: acetylcysteine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acetylocysteina
sense_list:
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) An acetylated form of the amino acid cysteine (trademark Mucomyst), which is an antioxidant used as a mucolytic agent and in the treatment of paracetamol poisoning.


lexentry: eng/acetylene__Noun__1
written_rep: acetylene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: acetylen
sense_list:
(organic compound, uncountable) Ethyne; the simplest alkyne, a hydrocarbon of formula HC≡CH. It is a colourless, odourless, extremely flammable, explosive gas, formerly used as an illuminating gas, but now used in welding and metallurgy.


lexentry: eng/acetylenic__Adjective__1
written_rep: acetylenic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acetylenowy
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to acetylene or its derivatives; having a carbon-to-carbon triple bond


lexentry: eng/acetylglucosamine__Noun__1
written_rep: acetylglucosamine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acetyloglikozamina
sense_list:
(biochemistry) An amide derivative of glucose that forms part of the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls


lexentry: eng/acetylsalicylic__Adjective__1
written_rep: acetylsalicylic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acetylosalicylowy
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Describing any derivative of salicylic acid in which the phenolic hydroxyl has been acetylated.


lexentry: eng/ache__Verb__1
written_rep: ache
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: boleć
sense_list:
(intransitive, stative) To suffer pain; to be the source of, or be in, pain, especially continued dull pain; to be distressed.


lexentry: eng/acheiropoieton__Noun__1
written_rep: acheiropoieton
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acheiropita
sense_list:
(chiefly, Eastern Orthodoxy) A religion icon (chiefly of Christ or the Virgin Mary) believed not to have been created by human hands; a miraculous image.


lexentry: eng/achieve__Verb__1
written_rep: achieve
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: osiągać | osiągnąć
sense_list:
(transitive) To obtain, or gain (a desired result, objective etc.), as the result of exertion; to succeed in gaining; to win. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/achromatopsia__Noun__1
written_rep: achromatopsia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: achromatopsja | achromatyzm
sense_list:
Full or partial color blindness; the inability to distinguish colors due to the absence of cone cells in the eyes.


lexentry: eng/acid__Adjective__1
written_rep: acid
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwaśny | kwas
sense_list:
Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste of vinegar. | Of or pertaining to an acid; acidic.


lexentry: eng/acid_jazz__Noun__1
written_rep: acid jazz
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acid jazz
sense_list:
(music genre, jazz) A genre of popular music combining jazz with elements of soul music, funk and disco.


lexentry: eng/acid_rain__Noun__1
written_rep: acid rain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwaśny deszcz
sense_list:
Rain which is unusually acidic (pH of less than the natural range of 5 to 6); caused mainly by atmospheric pollution with sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen compounds.


lexentry: eng/acidaemia__Noun__1
written_rep: acidaemia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acydemia | acydoza | kwasica
sense_list:
(medicine) a medical condition marked by an abnormally high concentration of hydrogen ions in a person's blood


lexentry: eng/acidic__Adjective__1
written_rep: acidic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwasowy
sense_list:
(chemistry) Having a pH less than 7, or being sour, or having the strength to neutralize alkalis, or turning a litmus paper red.


lexentry: eng/acidimetry__Noun__1
written_rep: acidimetry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acydymetria
sense_list:
(chemistry) The measurement of the strength of acids, especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a certain definite weight of reagent is required.


lexentry: eng/acknowledge__Verb__1
written_rep: acknowledge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: uznawać | uznać
sense_list:
(transitive) To own or recognize in a particular quality, character or relationship; to admit the claims or authority of; to give recognition to.


lexentry: eng/acknowledgment__Noun__1
written_rep: acknowledgment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: akceptacja
sense_list:
The act of recognizing in a particular character or relationship; recognition of existence, authority, truth, or genuineness. | A reward or other expression or token of gratitude. | (legal) The act of a person admitting a child as their own.


lexentry: eng/acknowledgment__Noun__1
written_rep: acknowledgment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: kwit
sense_list:
A message from the addressee informing the originator that the originator's communication has been received and understood. | (telecommunications, computing, networking) A response (ACK) sent by a receiver to indicate successful receipt of a transmission (See Wikipedia article on transmission).


lexentry: eng/acme__Noun__1
written_rep: acme
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apogeum
sense_list:
A high point: the highest point of any range, the most developed stage of any process, or the culmination of any field or historical period. [c. 1610]


lexentry: eng/acolyte__Noun__1
written_rep: acolyte
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akolita | akolitka
sense_list:
(Christianity) One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic Church, being ordained to carry the wine, water and lights at Mass. | An attendant, assistant or follower.


lexentry: eng/aconite__Noun__1
written_rep: aconite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tojad | akonit
sense_list:
The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; any plant of the genus Aconitum, all the species of which are poisonous.


lexentry: eng/acorn__Noun__1
written_rep: acorn
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: żołądź
sense_list:
(nautical) A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast-head.


lexentry: eng/acoustic__Adjective__1
written_rep: acoustic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akustyczny
sense_list:
Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds. | (music, musical instrument) Naturally producing or produced by an instrument without electrical amplification or the need thereof.


lexentry: eng/acoustic__Noun__1
written_rep: acoustic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akustyka
sense_list:
(usually, in the plural) The properties or qualities of a room or building that determine how sound is transmitted in it.


lexentry: eng/acqua_alta__Noun__1
written_rep: acqua alta
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acqua alta
sense_list:
A phenomenon that regularly occurs in the city of Venice, Italy, typically during high and spring tide, involving the flooding of the most low-lying areas of Venice.


lexentry: eng/acquaintance__Noun__1
written_rep: acquaintance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: znajomość
sense_list:
(uncountable) A state of being acquainted with a person; originally indicating friendship, intimacy, but now suggesting a slight knowledge less deep than that of friendship; acquaintanceship. [from 12th c.]


lexentry: eng/acquiesce__Verb__1
written_rep: acquiesce
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyzwalać
sense_list:
(intransitive, with in (or sometimes with, to)) To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without opposition and discontent (usually implying previous opposition or discontent); to accept or consent by silence or by omitting to object.


lexentry: eng/acquiesce__Verb__1
written_rep: acquiesce
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: godzić się
sense_list:
(intransitive) To concur upon conviction; to assent to; usually, to concur, not heartily but so far as to forbear opposition.


lexentry: eng/acquiescence__Noun__1
written_rep: acquiescence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: potulność | przyzwolenie
sense_list:
A silent or passive assent or submission, or a submission with apparent consent, distinguished from avowed consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or open discontent; quiet satisfaction.


lexentry: eng/acquired_taste__Noun__1
written_rep: acquired taste
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: specyficzny
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Something that is appreciated only after having initially been regarded as unappealing or unpleasant; a person who is regarded as difficult or dislikable but of whom at least some have grown to approve.


lexentry: eng/acquittal__Noun__1
written_rep: acquittal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: uniewinnianie
sense_list:
(legal) A legal decision that someone is not guilty with which they have been charged, or the formal dismissal of a charge by some other legal process. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/acridine__Noun__1
written_rep: acridine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akrydyna
sense_list:
(uncountable, organic compound) A tricyclic aromatic heterocycle, dibenzopyridine, obtained from coal tar; it is used in the manufacture of dyes and drugs


lexentry: eng/acrimonious__Adjective__1
written_rep: acrimonious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kłótliwy | ostry
sense_list:
(figuratively) Angry, acid, and sharp in delivering argumentative replies: bitter, mean-spirited, sharp in language or tone. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/acritarch__Noun__1
written_rep: acritarch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acritarcha
sense_list:
(paleontology, palynology) Any small, non-acid-soluble (i.e. non-carbonate, non-siliceous) organic fossil that cannot be classified.


lexentry: eng/acrobat__Noun__1
written_rep: acrobat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akrobata | akrobatka
sense_list:
An athlete who performs acts requiring skill, agility and coordination, often as part of a circus performance.


lexentry: eng/acrocyanosis__Noun__1
written_rep: acrocyanosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akrocyjanoza
sense_list:
(pathology) A persistent blue or cyanotic discoloration of the digits, most commonly occurring in the hands although also occurring in the face and feet as well.


lexentry: eng/acrolein__Noun__1
written_rep: acrolein
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akroleina
sense_list:
(organic compound) A pungent, acrid, poisonous liquid aldehyde, CH2=CH-CH=O, made by the destructive distillation of glycerol.


lexentry: eng/acromegaly__Noun__1
written_rep: acromegaly
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akromegalia
sense_list:
(disease) A chronic disease marked by enlargement of the bones of the extremities, face, and jaw that is caused by over-activity of the pituitary gland.


lexentry: eng/acropolis__Noun__1
written_rep: acropolis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akropol
sense_list:
A promontory (usually fortified with a citadel) forming the hub of many Grecian cities, and around which many were built for defensive purposes before and during the classical period; compare Acropolis.


lexentry: eng/across__Preposition__1
written_rep: across
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: naprzeciwko | przez | po drugiej stronie | poprzez
sense_list:
(Southern US, AAVE) across from: on the opposite side, relative to something that lies between, from (a point of interest).


lexentry: eng/acrostic__Noun__1
written_rep: acrostic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akrostych
sense_list:
A poem or other text in which certain letters, often the first in each line, spell out a name or message. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/acroterium__Noun__1
written_rep: acroterium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akroterion | akroterium | naszczytnik
sense_list:
(architecture) One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments, placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment, or upon the gables in Gothic architecture.


lexentry: eng/acrylamide__Noun__1
written_rep: acrylamide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akrylamid
sense_list:
(organic compound) The amide of acrylic acid, CH2=CH.CONH2; used in the manufacture of polyacrylamides.


lexentry: eng/acrylonitrile__Noun__1
written_rep: acrylonitrile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akrylonitryl
sense_list:
(organic compound) A toxic colourless liquid organic compound, CH2=CH.CN, synthesized from propylene and ammonia; used as a monomer in the production of acrylic resins and synthetic rubber.


lexentry: eng/act__Noun__1
written_rep: act
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: akt
sense_list:
(countable) A formal or official record of something done. | (countable, drama) A division of a theatrical performance.


lexentry: eng/act__Verb__1
written_rep: act
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: postąpić | postępować | zachować się | zachowywać
sense_list:
(intransitive) To behave in a certain manner for an indefinite length of time. | (intransitive, law) To carry out work as a legal representative in relation to a particular legal matter.


lexentry: eng/act__Verb__1
written_rep: act
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 12
trans_list: grać | postąpić | postępować | zachować się | zachowywać
sense_list:
(intransitive, mathematics, construed with on or upon, of an algebraic structure) To possess an action onto (some other structure). Examples include the group action of a group on a set, the action of a ring on a module by scalar multiplication, and the action of a group or algebra on a vector space via a representation.


lexentry: eng/act_of_parliament__Noun__1
written_rep: act of parliament
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prawo
sense_list:
A law which has received assent (royal, presidential or gubernatorial) after having been passed by the houses (or house) of a parliament.


lexentry: eng/actin__Noun__1
written_rep: actin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aktyna
sense_list:
(protein, uncountable) A globular structural protein that polymerizes in a helical fashion to form an actin filament (or microfilament).


lexentry: eng/acting__Adjective__1
written_rep: acting
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: p.o. | pełniąca obowiązki | pełniący obowiązki
sense_list:
Temporarily assuming the duties or authority of another person when they are unable to do their job.


lexentry: eng/actinic__Adjective__1
written_rep: actinic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: aktyniczny
sense_list:
(chemistry, photography) Of or relating to actinism, the range of photochemical effects produced by exposure to EM radiation, particularly sunlight.


lexentry: eng/actinide__Noun__1
written_rep: actinide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aktynowiec
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any of the 15 radioactive elements of the periodic table from actinium to lawrencium that are positioned under the lanthanides, to which they have similar chemistry.


lexentry: eng/actinism__Noun__1
written_rep: actinism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aktyniczność
sense_list:
(chemistry, physics) That property of electromagnetic radiation that leads to the production of photochemical effects


lexentry: eng/actinium__Noun__1
written_rep: actinium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aktyn
sense_list:
A radioactive, metallic chemical element (symbol: Ac) with an atomic number of 89; found in uranium ores.


lexentry: eng/actinolite__Noun__1
written_rep: actinolite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aktynolit
sense_list:
(mineral) A mineral with monoclinic crystals of the chemical formula Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2, belonging to the amphibole group.


lexentry: eng/actinometer__Noun__1
written_rep: actinometer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aktynometr
sense_list:
(physics) A device used to measure the heating power of electromagnetic radiation, especially that of solar radiation.


lexentry: eng/actinometry__Noun__1
written_rep: actinometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aktynometria
sense_list:
the measurement of the heating power of electromagnetic radiation, especially that of solar radiation


lexentry: eng/actinomycin__Noun__1
written_rep: actinomycin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aktynomycyna
sense_list:
(protein, pharmaceutical drug) Any of a class of toxic polypeptide antibiotics found in soil bacteria of genus Streptomyces.


lexentry: eng/actinomycosis__Noun__1
written_rep: actinomycosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aktynomikoza | promienica
sense_list:
(pathology) An infectious bacterial disease of cattle and swine, sometimes transmitted to man, characterized by the formation of painful abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract, caused by Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae, and Propionibacterium propionicum.


lexentry: eng/action__Noun__1
written_rep: action
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: akcja | czynność | działanie | czyn
sense_list:
Something done, often so as to accomplish a purpose. | (mathematics) A way in which each element of some algebraic structure transforms some other structure or set, in a way which respects the structure of the first. Formally, this may be seen as a morphism from the first structure into some structure of endomorphisms of the second; for example, a group action of a group G on a set S can be seen as a group homomorphism from G into the set of bijections on S (which form a group under function composition), while a module M over a ring R can be defined as an abelian group together with a ring homomorphism from R into the ring of group endomorphisms of M (which is also called the action of R on M).


lexentry: eng/action_movie__Noun__1
written_rep: action movie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: film akcji
sense_list:
A motion picture whose storyline involves fast-paced activity and conflict, usually including such elements as a heroic protagonist, violent fights, acrobatic stunts, chase scenes, and gunplay.


lexentry: eng/activate__Verb__1
written_rep: activate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: aktywować | uaktywniać | uaktywnić
sense_list:
(transitive) To put a device, mechanism (alarm etc.) or system into action or motion; to trigger, to actuate, to set off, to enable.


lexentry: eng/activated_carbon__Noun__1
written_rep: activated carbon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: węgiel aktywowany
sense_list:
A very absorbent form of finely powdered carbon; used in purifying gases, and as an antidote for many poisons.


lexentry: eng/active__Adjective__1
written_rep: active
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aktywny | czynny
sense_list:
Having the power or quality of acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting;—opposed to passive, that receives. | In action; actually proceeding; working; in force


lexentry: eng/active_duty__Noun__1
written_rep: active duty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: służba czynna
sense_list:
(military) A state in which person in the military performs military duties on a full-time basis, as opposed to reserve, where one only occasionally performs military duties.


lexentry: eng/active_ingredient__Noun__1
written_rep: active ingredient
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: substancja czynna
sense_list:
The specific compound in a natural or man-made mixture that is responsible for the mixture's activity.


lexentry: eng/active_participle__Noun__1
written_rep: active participle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: imiesłów czynny
sense_list:
(grammar) A participle indicating an ongoing or completed action or state in the active voice, where a noun modified by the participle is taken to represent the agent of the action denoted by the verb.


lexentry: eng/active_volcano__Noun__1
written_rep: active volcano
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wulkan czynny | czynny wulkan
sense_list:
(vulcanology, geology) A volcano that has erupted in the last 10,000 years, although not necessarily venting lava or gases now.


lexentry: eng/activism__Noun__1
written_rep: activism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aktywizm
sense_list:
The practice of using action to achieve a result, such as political demonstration or a strike in support of or in opposition to an issue.


lexentry: eng/activity__Noun__1
written_rep: activity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aktywność
sense_list:
(uncountable) The state or quality of being active; activeness. | (countable) Something done as an action or a movement. | The property of substances to react with other substances


lexentry: eng/activity__Noun__1
written_rep: activity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: aktywność | działalność
sense_list:
(countable) Something done for pleasure or entertainment, especially one involving movement or an excursion.


lexentry: eng/actor__Noun__1
written_rep: actor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: aktor | aktorka
sense_list:
A person who acts a part in a theatrical play or (later) in film or television; a dramatic performer. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/actual__Adjective__1
written_rep: actual
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: prawdziwy | właściwy
sense_list:
Existing in reality, not just potentially; really acted or acting; occurring in fact. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/actualism__Noun__1
written_rep: actualism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aktualizm
sense_list:
(philosophy) The belief that actuality and existence are co‐extensive: i.e., that only actual things exist, and merely possible things do not.


lexentry: eng/actuarial_science__Noun__1
written_rep: actuarial science
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wiedza aktuarialna
sense_list:
(applied mathematics, insurance, finance) The discipline within applied mathematics dealing with risk assessment and the modelling of uncertainty; the rigorous application of mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk, in industries including insurance and finance.


lexentry: eng/actuary__Noun__1
written_rep: actuary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: aktuariusz
sense_list:
A professional who calculates financial values associated with uncertain events subject to risk, such as insurance premiums or pension contributions.


lexentry: eng/acupressure__Noun__1
written_rep: acupressure
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akupresura
sense_list:
(uncountable) An alternative medicine technique, derived from acupuncture, in which physical pressure is applied to acupoints.


lexentry: eng/acupuncture__Noun__1
written_rep: acupuncture
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akupunktura
sense_list:
The insertion of needles into the (living) tissue of the body affecting the Qi or energy along energetic pathways of the body called meridians. This modality is traditionally used as a form of internal medical treating all disease and illnesses, in Western countries it is widely used for the purposes of pain relief.


lexentry: eng/acupuncturist__Noun__1
written_rep: acupuncturist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akupunkturzysta | akupunkturzystka
sense_list:
A healthcare professional who is qualified or professionally engaged in the practice of acupuncture.


lexentry: eng/acute__Adjective__1
written_rep: acute
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ostry
sense_list:
Intense; sensitive; sharp. | (geometry, of an angle) Less than 90 degrees. | (geometry, of a triangle) Having all three interior angles measuring less than 90 degrees.


lexentry: eng/acute_accent__Noun__1
written_rep: acute accent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akcent akutowy | akcent ostry | akut
sense_list:
(orthography) : A diacritical mark ( ´ ) that can be placed above a number of letters in many languages of the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic writing systems.


lexentry: eng/acyl__Noun__1
written_rep: acyl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acyl
sense_list:
(organic compound) Any of class of organic radicals, RCO-, formed by the removal of a hydroxyl group from a carboxylic acid.


lexentry: eng/acyltransferase__Noun__1
written_rep: acyltransferase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acylotransferaza
sense_list:
(enzyme) Any of several transferase enzymes that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups between lipids.


lexentry: eng/adagio__Noun__1
written_rep: adagio
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adagio
sense_list:
(music) A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played rather slowly, leisurely and gracefully.


lexentry: eng/adamant__Noun__1
written_rep: adamant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adamant
sense_list:
An imaginary rock or mineral of impenetrable hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substances of extreme hardness.


lexentry: eng/adamantine__Adjective__1
written_rep: adamantine
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adamantowy
sense_list:
Made of adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of being broken, dissolved, or penetrated.


lexentry: eng/adaptability__Noun__1
written_rep: adaptability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: adaptabilność | przystosowawczość
sense_list:
(biology) Variability in respect to, or under the influence of, external conditions; susceptibility of an organism to that variation whereby it becomes suited to or fitted for its conditions of environment; the capacity of an organism to be modified by circumstances.


lexentry: eng/adaptation__Noun__1
written_rep: adaptation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przystosowanie | adaptacja
sense_list:
(uncountable) The process of adapting something or becoming adapted to a situation; adjustment, modification.


lexentry: eng/adaptation__Noun__1
written_rep: adaptation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: adaptacja
sense_list:
(countable) A change that is made or undergone to suit a condition or environment. | (countable, evolutionary theory) An instance of an organism undergoing change, or the structure or behavior that is changed. | (uncountable) The process of adapting an artistic work from a different medium. | (countable, authorship) An artistic work that has been adapted from a different medium.


lexentry: eng/adapter__Noun__1
written_rep: adapter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: adapter | przejściówka
sense_list:
Specifically, an AC adapter: a device that reduces voltage and converts AC to DC to allow a battery-powered device to use mains power. | Specifically, a device that allows one format of plug to be used with a different format of socket.


lexentry: eng/adapter__Noun__1
written_rep: adapter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: przedłużacz | rozgałęźnik | złodziejka
sense_list:
Specifically, a device that permits two or more plugs to be used at a single electrical power point.


lexentry: eng/adaptive__Adjective__1
written_rep: adaptive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adaptacyjny | adaptatywny
sense_list:
Of, pertaining to, characterized by or showing adaptation; making or made fit or suitable. | Capable of being adapted or of adapting; susceptible of or undergoing accordant change.


lexentry: eng/adaptogen__Noun__1
written_rep: adaptogen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adaptogen
sense_list:
(alternative medicine) Any natural herbal substance, such as ginseng, that is purported to assist the body to adapt to stress, and to exert a normalizing effect upon body functions.


lexentry: eng/adaptometer__Noun__1
written_rep: adaptometer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adaptometr
sense_list:
An optometric instrument that measures the minimum threshold of brightness that can be detected or how well the human eye can adapt to a recently darkened environment.


lexentry: eng/add-on__Noun__1
written_rep: add-on
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: dodatek
sense_list:
(computer hardware, software) A software extension or hardware peripheral that provides additional functions or customization for a core application or system.


lexentry: eng/add__Verb__1
written_rep: add
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: dodać | dodawać
sense_list:
(transitive) To append (e.g. a statement); to say further information; to add on. | (intransitive, mathematics) To perform the arithmetical operation of addition.


lexentry: eng/add_insult_to_injury__Verb__1
written_rep: add insult to injury
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: na domiar złego
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To further a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an already unfavourable situation.


lexentry: eng/addend__Noun__1
written_rep: addend
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dodajnik | składnik
sense_list:
(mathematics) Addendum, any one of two or more numbers or other terms that are to be added together.


lexentry: eng/adder's_tongue__Noun__1
written_rep: adder's tongue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nasięźrzał
sense_list:
Any of several ferns in the genus Ophioglossum, whose spores are produced on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue.


lexentry: eng/adder__Noun__1
written_rep: adder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: żmija
sense_list:
Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen, the northern copperhead, a venomous viper found in the eastern United States | The common European adder (Vipera berus).


lexentry: eng/additive__Adjective__1
written_rep: additive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: addytywny
sense_list:
(mathematics) Pertaining to addition; that can be, or has been, added. | (genetics) Of or pertaining to genes (or the interaction etc. of such genes) which govern the same trait and whose effects work together on the phenotype.


lexentry: eng/address__Noun__1
written_rep: address
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adres
sense_list:
A description of the location of a property, usually with at least a street name and number, name of a town, and now also a postal code; such a description as superscribed for direction on an envelope or letter. [from 17th c.] | (computing) A number identifying a specific storage location in computer memory; a string of characters identifying a location on the internet or other network; sometimes (specifically) an e-mail address. [from 20th c.] | (by extension) The property itself. [from 19th c.] | A formal approach to a sovereign, especially an official appeal or petition; later (specifically) a response given by each of the Houses of Parliament to the sovereign's speech at the opening of Parliament. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/address__Noun__1
written_rep: address
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przemowa | przemówienie
sense_list:
An act of addressing oneself to a person or group; a discourse or speech, or a record of this. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/address__Verb__1
written_rep: address
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: adresować | zaadresować
sense_list:
(transitive) To direct speech to; to make a communication to, whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech, petition, etc., to speak to. | (transitive) To direct in writing, as a letter; to superscribe, or to direct and transmit. | (transitive) To address oneself to; to prepare oneself for; to apply oneself to; to direct one's speech, discourse or efforts to.


lexentry: eng/address_bar__Noun__1
written_rep: address bar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pasek adresu
sense_list:
(computing, graphical user interface) A bar in a web browser that displays the address (uniform resource identifier) of the page or resource being displayed.


lexentry: eng/addressee__Noun__1
written_rep: addressee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adresat | odbiorca | adresatka | odbiorczyni
sense_list:
The person or organization to which something, such as a letter or message, is addressed or sent, for whom the item is intended.


lexentry: eng/adduction__Noun__1
written_rep: adduction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: addukcja
sense_list:
(anatomy) The action by which the parts of the body are drawn towards its axis; -- opposed to abduction.


lexentry: eng/adductor__Noun__1
written_rep: adductor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adduktor | przywodziciel
sense_list:
(anatomy) A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body; -- opposed to abductor


lexentry: eng/adelphophagy__Noun__1
written_rep: adelphophagy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adelfofagia
sense_list:
The consumption of one embryo by another in utero, particularly among certain amphibians, sharks and fishes


lexentry: eng/adenine__Noun__1
written_rep: adenine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adenina
sense_list:
(biochemistry, genetics) A base, C5H5N5, found in certain glands and tissues, which pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA.


lexentry: eng/adenoid__Noun__1
written_rep: adenoid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adenoid | migdałek gardłowy
sense_list:
(symptom) an abnormally enlarged mass of lymphatic tissue at the back of the pharynx, often obstructing the nasal and ear passages and hindering speaking and breathing in young children.


lexentry: eng/adenoidectomy__Noun__1
written_rep: adenoidectomy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adenotomia
sense_list:
(surgery) Surgical removal of the adenoids, or of adenoid growths in the nasopharynx; commonly performed along with tonsillectomy.


lexentry: eng/adenopathy__Noun__1
written_rep: adenopathy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adenopatia
sense_list:
(pathology) Swelling or enlargement of the glands (especially the lymph nodes); any glandular disease.


lexentry: eng/adenosine__Noun__1
written_rep: adenosine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adenozyna
sense_list:
(biochemistry, genetics, organic compound) A nucleoside derived from adenine and ribose, found in striated muscle tissue. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/adenosine_monophosphate__Noun__1
written_rep: adenosine monophosphate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adenozynomonofosforan
sense_list:
(biochemistry) a nucleotide, found in all animal muscle cells, reversibly convertible to adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate


lexentry: eng/adenosine_triphosphate__Noun__1
written_rep: adenosine triphosphate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adenozynotrójfosforan
sense_list:
(biochemistry, neurotransmitter) a nucleotide that is used as a source of energy in cellular reactions, in the synthesis of nucleic acids, and as a neurotransmitter recognised by purinergic receptors


lexentry: eng/adenovirus__Noun__1
written_rep: adenovirus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adenowirus
sense_list:
(medicine) Any virus of the family Adenoviridae, many of which are responsible for respiratory infections in humans


lexentry: eng/adessive_case__Noun__1
written_rep: adessive case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adessivus
sense_list:
(grammar) A noun case used to indicate adjacent location. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositions near, at, or by, as in "by the house." Languages that use the adessive case include Finnish, Hungarian, Estonian, Lezgi and Lithuanian.


lexentry: eng/adhan__Noun__1
written_rep: adhan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adhan
sense_list:
(Islam) The call to prayer, which consisted originally of simply four takbirs followed by the statement (أَشْهَدُ أَنْ) لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا ٱلله.


lexentry: eng/adhesion__Noun__1
written_rep: adhesion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adhezja
sense_list:
The ability of a substance to stick to an unlike substance. | (biochemistry) The binding of a cell to a surface or substrate.


lexentry: eng/adhocracy__Noun__1
written_rep: adhocracy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adhokracja
sense_list:
(business, organizational theory) An organizational system designed to be flexible and responsive to the needs of the moment rather than excessively bureaucratic. [from 1964.]


lexentry: eng/adiabat__Noun__1
written_rep: adiabat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adiabata
sense_list:
(physics) The curve on a graph of pressure and temperature which gives the adiabatic heating or cooling of a gas.


lexentry: eng/adiabatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: adiabatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adiabatyczny
sense_list:
(physics, thermodynamics, of a process) That occurs without gain or loss of heat (and thus with no change in entropy, in the quasistatic approximation).


lexentry: eng/adicity__Noun__1
written_rep: adicity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: argumentowość
sense_list:
(logic, mathematics, computer science) The number of arguments or operands a function or operation takes. For a relation, the number of domains in the corresponding Cartesian product.


lexentry: eng/adipic__Adjective__1
written_rep: adipic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adypinowy
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or oily substances; applied to certain acids obtained from fats by the action of nitric acid.


lexentry: eng/adipic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: adipic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas adypinowy
sense_list:
(carboxylic acid) A white crystalline dicarboxylic acid, C4H8(COOH)2; it has many industrial applications; when condensed with hexamethylene diamine it produces nylon.


lexentry: eng/adipocere__Noun__1
written_rep: adipocere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tłuszczowosk
sense_list:
A brown, fatty, waxy substance (fatty acids) that forms on dead animal tissues in response to hydrolysis


lexentry: eng/adit__Noun__1
written_rep: adit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sztolnia
sense_list:
A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage from the surface into a mine, as contrasted with a shaft or vertical entry passage. An adit may be used for ventilation, haulage, drainage, or other purposes.


lexentry: eng/adjika__Noun__1
written_rep: adjika
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adżika | adżyka
sense_list:
A hot, spicy but subtly flavoured paste often used to flavour food, mainly in the Caucasian regions of Abkhazia and Samegrelo.


lexentry: eng/adjourn__Verb__1
written_rep: adjourn
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odkładać
sense_list:
(transitive) To postpone. | (transitive) To defer; to put off temporarily or indefinitely. | (intransitive) To end or suspend an event. | (intransitive, formal, uncommon) To move as a group from one place to another.


lexentry: eng/adjunct_professor__Noun__1
written_rep: adjunct professor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adiunkt | adiunktka
sense_list:
(US, education) A college professor who is employed part-time or for a limited time, is junior to a full professor, or is otherwise not eligible for tenure.


lexentry: eng/adjunction__Noun__1
written_rep: adjunction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adiunkcja
sense_list:
The act of joining; the thing joined or added. | (category theory) Given a pair of categories \mathcal{C} and \mathcal{D}: an anti-parallel pair of functors F:\mathcal{C}\rightarrow \mathcal{D} and G:\mathcal{D}\rightarrow \mathcal{C} and a natural transformation \eta:\mbox{id}_C \rightarrow GF called “unit” such that for any object A \in \mathcal{C}, for any object B \in \mathcal{D}, and for any morphism f:A\rightarrow GB, there is a unique morphism g:FA\rightarrow B such that Gg \circ \eta_A = f. (Note: there is another natural transformation called “counit” as well but its existence may be derived by theorem.) The pair of functors express a similarity between the pair of categories which is weaker than that of an equivalence of categories.


lexentry: eng/adjutant__Noun__1
written_rep: adjutant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adiutant | adiutantka
sense_list:
(military rank) A lower-ranking officer who assists a higher-ranking officer with administrative affairs.


lexentry: eng/adjuvant__Noun__1
written_rep: adjuvant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: adiuwant
sense_list:
(agriculture) An additive (often a separate product) that enhances the efficacy of pesticide products, but has little or no pesticidal activity itself. [from mid 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/admin__Noun__1
written_rep: admin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: admin
sense_list:
(countable, informal, computing) A systems administrator (one who maintains a computer system or network).


lexentry: eng/administer__Verb__1
written_rep: administer
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: administrować | zarządzać
sense_list:
(transitive) To manage or supervise the conduct, performance or execution of; to govern or regulate the parameters for the conduct, performance or execution of; to work in an administrative capacity.


lexentry: eng/administer__Verb__1
written_rep: administer
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: aplikować | podawać | podać | zaaplikować | zadawać | zadać
sense_list:
(transitive, medicine) To cause (a patient, human or animal) to ingest (a drug), either by openly offering or through deceit.


lexentry: eng/administration__Noun__1
written_rep: administration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: administracja
sense_list:
(uncountable) The act of administering; government of public affairs; the service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the conducting of any office or employment; direction. | (countable, government, politics) The executive part of government; the persons collectively who are entrusted with the execution of laws and the superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in Great Britain.


lexentry: eng/administrator__Noun__1
written_rep: administrator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: administrator | zarządca | administratorka | zarządczyni
sense_list:
One who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager


lexentry: eng/administrator__Noun__1
written_rep: administrator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zarządca | zarządczyni
sense_list:
(legal) A person who manages or settles the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has been committed by competent authority


lexentry: eng/administrator__Noun__1
written_rep: administrator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: administrator | administratorka
sense_list:
(computing) One who is responsible for software installation, management, information and maintenance of a computer or network


lexentry: eng/admiral__Noun__1
written_rep: admiral
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: admirał
sense_list:
(military) The appointed commander of a navy, regardless of formal title. [1440] | (military) A high rank in the British and American Navies, NATO grade OF-9, equivalent ranks in other navies, in coast guards, etc. | (zoology) Any of several species of nymphalid butterflies of the genera Kaniska, Limenitis and Vanessa. [1799]


lexentry: eng/admiral_of_the_fleet__Noun__1
written_rep: admiral of the fleet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: admirał floty
sense_list:
(military, UK) The highest rank in the Royal Navy and other Commonwealth navies, NATO grade OF-10, currently only ceremonial.


lexentry: eng/admiralty__Noun__1
written_rep: admiralty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: admiralicja
sense_list:
(military) The office or jurisdiction of an admiral. | (military) The department or officers having authority over naval affairs generally. | (military) The building in which the lords of the admiralty, in England, transact business.


lexentry: eng/admiralty_law__Noun__1
written_rep: admiralty law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prawo morskie
sense_list:
(legal) The area of law that deals with ships at sea and the rights of sailors, passengers, and owners of cargo.


lexentry: eng/admit__Verb__1
written_rep: admit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dopuszczać | wpuścić | dopuścić | wpuszczać
sense_list:
(transitive) To allow to enter; to grant entrance (to), whether into a place, into the mind, or into consideration


lexentry: eng/admit__Verb__1
written_rep: admit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: przyznawać | przyznać
sense_list:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to, as an allegation which it is impossible to deny (+ to).


lexentry: eng/admonish__Verb__1
written_rep: admonish
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ostrzec
sense_list:
(transitive, with of or against) To advise against wrongdoing; to caution; to warn against danger or an offense.


lexentry: eng/admonition__Noun__1
written_rep: admonition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: admonicja | przestroga | upomnienie
sense_list:
Reproof; a verbal statement by an authority that one has erred or may err and should not persist; counseling against fault or oversight; warning.


lexentry: eng/adoption__Noun__1
written_rep: adoption
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: adopcja | adoptacja | przysposobienie | usynowienie
sense_list:
The state of being adopted; the acceptance of a child of other parents as if he or she were one's own child.


lexentry: eng/adoptionism__Noun__1
written_rep: adoptionism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adopcjanizm
sense_list:
(Christianity) A form of Christianity which maintains that Jesus is divine only in the sense that God the Father adopted him, either at Jesus' birth, or at his death, as opposed to the orthodox understanding of the nature of the Trinity.


lexentry: eng/adposition__Noun__1
written_rep: adposition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyimek
sense_list:
(grammar) An element that combines syntactically with a phrase and indicates how that phrase should be interpreted in the surrounding context; a preposition or postposition.


lexentry: eng/adrenal_gland__Noun__1
written_rep: adrenal gland
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nadnercze
sense_list:
(anatomy) In mammals, either of a pair of complex endocrine glands, situated above each kidney, secreting hormones which control the heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism.


lexentry: eng/adrenaline_junkie__Noun__1
written_rep: adrenaline junkie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adrenalinowiec
sense_list:
(colloquial) One who is seemingly addicted to the sensation of exhilaration associated with risky behaviors or exciting situations, and who actively seeks such opportunities.


lexentry: eng/adret__Noun__1
written_rep: adret
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adret
sense_list:
(geography) The sun-facing side of a mountain; in the northern hemisphere, this is the south-facing slope.


lexentry: eng/adsorber__Noun__1
written_rep: adsorber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adsorber
sense_list:
Something which adsorbs, especially a solid material, such as activated carbon, that has a high surface area and is used to capture a gas or liquid


lexentry: eng/adsorption__Noun__1
written_rep: adsorption
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adsorpcja
sense_list:
The adhesion of a liquid or gas on the surface of a solid material, forming a thin film on the surface.


lexentry: eng/adstratum__Noun__1
written_rep: adstratum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adstrat
sense_list:
(linguistics) Any language having elements that are responsible for change in neighbouring languages


lexentry: eng/adularia__Noun__1
written_rep: adularia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adular
sense_list:
(mineral) A variety of orthoclase feldspar found as colorless to white prismatic crystals in cavities in metamorphic rocks. Some specimens reflect a bluish sheen along crystal faces. This phenomenon is called adularescence, and adularia with this property is called moonstone. (See sanidine).


lexentry: eng/adult__Adjective__1
written_rep: adult
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: dla dorosłych
sense_list:
(of a beverage) Containing alcohol, intended for consumption only by adults. | (of a cookie, gummy, etc.) Containing marijuana, intended for consumption only by adults. | Containing excessive vulgar or profane speech, text or images, intended only for adults.


lexentry: eng/adultery__Noun__1
written_rep: adultery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cudzołóstwo | zdrada małżeńska
sense_list:
(narrowly) Sexual intercourse by a married person with someone other than their spouse. See more synonyms at Thesaurus:cuckoldry


lexentry: eng/adulthood__Noun__1
written_rep: adulthood
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: dorosłość
sense_list:
The time period of a human being's majority; the time during which a human being has reached physical maturity, and ending with its death.


lexentry: eng/adumbration__Noun__1
written_rep: adumbration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ślad
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable, figuratively) A rough or symbolic representation; a vague indication of what is to come, a foreshadowing.


lexentry: eng/advance__Noun__1
written_rep: advance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: awanse
sense_list:
(often, in the plural) An opening approach or overture, now especially of an unwelcome or sexual nature.


lexentry: eng/advance__Verb__1
written_rep: advance
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zaawansować
sense_list:
To provide (money or other value) before it is due, or in expectation of some work; to lend. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/advance_guard__Noun__1
written_rep: advance guard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: awangarda
sense_list:
A unit or units leading the way of advancing or marching troops, guarding them from ambushes, reconnoitering and pursuing the enemy, etc.


lexentry: eng/advance_payment__Noun__1
written_rep: advance payment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akonto | awans | zadatek | zaliczka
sense_list:
The part of a contractually due sum that is paid or received in advance for a good, service or social security payment.


lexentry: eng/advanced__Adjective__1
written_rep: advanced
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zaawansowany
sense_list:
At or close to the state of the art. (Can we add an example for this sense?) | In a late stage of development or education; having greatly progressed beyond an initial stage.


lexentry: eng/advantage__Noun__1
written_rep: advantage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: korzyść | zaleta
sense_list:
(countable) Any condition, circumstance, opportunity or means, particularly favorable or chance to success, or to any desired end.


lexentry: eng/advantage__Noun__1
written_rep: advantage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: awantaż | przewaga
sense_list:
(obsolete) Superiority; mastery; — used with of to specify its nature or with over to specify the other party.


lexentry: eng/advection__Noun__1
written_rep: advection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adwekcja
sense_list:
(meteorology, earth science, physical chemistry) The horizontal movement of a body of atmosphere (or other fluid) along with a concurrent transport of its temperature, humidity etc. | (physics) The transport of a scalar by bulk fluid motion.


lexentry: eng/advection_fog__Noun__1
written_rep: advection fog
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mgła adwekcyjna
sense_list:
(physics, meteorology) A type of fog caused by the passage of moist air horizontally over a relatively colder surface and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dew point.


lexentry: eng/adventitious__Adjective__1
written_rep: adventitious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dorobek
sense_list:
From an external source; not innate or inherent, foreign. | (genetics, medicine) Not congenital; acquired.


lexentry: eng/adventure__Noun__1
written_rep: adventure
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: przygoda | awantura
sense_list:
A daring feat; a bold undertaking, in which dangers are likely to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; the encountering of risks.


lexentry: eng/adventure_game__Noun__1
written_rep: adventure game
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gra przygodowa | przygodówka
sense_list:
(video games) A computer or video game of the genre characterized by investigation, exploration, puzzle-solving, interaction with game characters, and a focus on narrative rather than reflex-based challenges.


lexentry: eng/adventurism__Noun__1
written_rep: adventurism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: awanturnictwo
sense_list:
(politics) The taking of excessive risks by a government in their political, economic or foreign affairs. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/adventurous__Adjective__1
written_rep: adventurous
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: żądny przygód | awanturniczy | zawadiacki | śmiały
sense_list:
(of a, person) Inclined to adventure; willing to take risks; prone to embark on hazardous enterprises; daring.


lexentry: eng/adverb__Noun__1
written_rep: adverb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przysłówek | adverbium | adwerbium
sense_list:
(grammar) A word that modifies a verb, adjective, other adverbs, or various other types of words, phrases, or clauses. | (programming) In the Raku programming language, a named parameter that modifies the behavior of a routine.


lexentry: eng/adverbial_participle__Noun__1
written_rep: adverbial participle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: imiesłów przysłówkowy
sense_list:
(grammar) A participle that modifies a verb in the same sentence and is equivalent to an adverbial clause in English. Adverbial participles may denote time, condition, cause, concession, manner, means, purpose, or attendant circumstance.


lexentry: eng/adverse__Adjective__1
written_rep: adverse
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: niekorzystny | niepomyślny | niesprzyjający
sense_list:
Unfavorable; antagonistic in purpose or effect; hostile; actively opposing one's interests or wishes; contrary to one's welfare; acting against; working in an opposing direction. | (not comparable) Opposite; confronting.


lexentry: eng/adverse_possession__Noun__1
written_rep: adverse possession
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zasiedzenie
sense_list:
(legal) A means of acquiring title to another's real property without compensation by occupying the property in a manner that has under common law the requirements of being actual, open and notorious, exclusive, hostile, under cover of claim or right, and continuous for a certain number of years.


lexentry: eng/adversity__Noun__1
written_rep: adversity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przeciwność
sense_list:
(uncountable) The state of adverse conditions; state of misfortune or calamity. | (countable) An event that is adverse; calamity.


lexentry: eng/advertise__Verb__1
written_rep: advertise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ogłaszać | ogłosić
sense_list:
(transitive) To give (especially public) notice of (something); to announce publicly. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/advertise__Verb__1
written_rep: advertise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ogłaszać
sense_list:
(intransitive) To provide information about a person or goods and services to influence others. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/advertise__Verb__1
written_rep: advertise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: reklamować
sense_list:
(transitive) To provide public information about (a product, service etc.) in order to attract public awareness and increase sales. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/advertising_agency__Noun__1
written_rep: advertising agency
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agencja reklamowa
sense_list:
a business enterprise dedicated to creating, planning and handling advertising on behalf of its client companies.


lexentry: eng/advisory_opinion__Noun__1
written_rep: advisory opinion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: opinia doradcza
sense_list:
(legal) An opinion issued by a court that does not have the effect of resolving a specific legal case, but merely advises on the constitutionality or interpretation of a law.


lexentry: eng/advocacy_group__Noun__1
written_rep: advocacy group
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: grupa interesu
sense_list:
A group of people, always allied and sometimes also formally organised, who use various forms of advocacy to influence public opinion and policy.


lexentry: eng/advocate__Noun__1
written_rep: advocate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adwokat | adwokatka
sense_list:
Someone whose job is to speak for someone's case in a court of law; a counsel. [from 14th c.] | A person who speaks in support of something, or someone. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/advocate__Verb__1
written_rep: advocate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: adwokatować
sense_list:
(transitive) To encourage support for something. | (Scots law, in higher courts) To call a case before itself for decision.


lexentry: eng/adware__Noun__1
written_rep: adware
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adware | oprogramowanie reklamowe
sense_list:
(computing) A software application that includes advertisements, which are displayed while the software is running. Developers use adware as a source of income and to keep the costs of the software down (usually making it free). Some adware programs can include spyware.


lexentry: eng/adytum__Noun__1
written_rep: adytum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adyton
sense_list:
(Ancient Greece, religion) The innermost sanctuary or shrine in a temple, from where oracles were given.


lexentry: eng/adze__Noun__1
written_rep: adze
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ciesak | ciosła | cieślica | cioska | topór ciesielski
sense_list:
A cutting tool that has a curved blade set at a right angle to the handle and is used in shaping wood.


lexentry: eng/aedile__Noun__1
written_rep: aedile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: edyl
sense_list:
(historical, Ancient Rome) An elected official who was responsible for the maintenance of public buildings, regulation of festivals, supervision of markets and the supply of grain and water.


lexentry: eng/aegis__Noun__1
written_rep: aegis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: egida
sense_list:
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A mythological shield associated with the Greek deities Zeus and Athena (and their Roman counterparts Jupiter and Minerva) shown as a short cloak made of goatskin worn on the shoulders, more as an emblem of power and protection than a military shield. The aegis of Athena or Minerva is usually shown with a border of snakes and with the head of Medusa in the center. [from early 17th c.] | (figuratively) Usually as under the aegis: guidance, protection; endorsement, sponsorship.


lexentry: eng/aeolian_harp__Noun__1
written_rep: aeolian harp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: harfa eolska
sense_list:
(musical instrument) An open box over which strings are stretched that sound when the wind passes over them.


lexentry: eng/aequorin__Noun__1
written_rep: aequorin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akworyna
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A photoprotein, isolated from luminescent jellyfish and other marine organisms, composed of two distinct units: the apoprotein apoaequorin and the prosthetic group coelenterazine.


lexentry: eng/aeration__Noun__1
written_rep: aeration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: aeracja
sense_list:
By extension, a process in which other gases (such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen or argon) are circulated through or mixed with a substance (usually liquid), sometimes with the consequence of increasing the transfer of air into the same liquid at the surface due to the induced circulation.


lexentry: eng/aerial__Noun__1
written_rep: aerial
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antena
sense_list:
(chiefly, _, UK) A rod, wire, or other structure for receiving or transmitting radio, television signals etc.


lexentry: eng/aerial_photography__Noun__1
written_rep: aerial photography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerofotografia
sense_list:
The activity or technique of photographing the earth's surface from an aircraft, rocket, etc. | Photographs taken by this means, collectively.


lexentry: eng/aerobe__Noun__1
written_rep: aerobe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerob | aerobiont | oksybiont | tlenowiec
sense_list:
(biology) Any organism (but especially a bacterium) that can tolerate the presence of oxygen, or that needs oxygen to survive.


lexentry: eng/aerobics__Noun__1
written_rep: aerobics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerobik
sense_list:
A form of exercise, designed to enhance one's cardiovascular fitness, normally performed to music. [1968]


lexentry: eng/aerobiology__Noun__1
written_rep: aerobiology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerobiologia
sense_list:
(biology) The study of the dispersion of airborne biological materials, as pollen, spores, microorganisms, or viruses.


lexentry: eng/aerodynamics__Noun__1
written_rep: aerodynamics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerodynamika
sense_list:
The science of the dynamics of bodies moving relative to gases, especially the interaction of moving objects with the atmosphere.


lexentry: eng/aerogel__Noun__1
written_rep: aerogel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerożel
sense_list:
A porous, ultralight solid-state substance, similar to gel, in which the liquid component is replaced with gas.


lexentry: eng/aerogram__Noun__1
written_rep: aerogram
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: aerogram
sense_list:
A thin piece of foldable and gummed paper for writing a letter and serving as its own envelope for transit via airmail.


lexentry: eng/aerology__Noun__1
written_rep: aerology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerologia
sense_list:
The branch of meteorology involving the observation of the atmosphere by means of balloons, kites, rockets, drones, airplanes, etc.


lexentry: eng/aeromechanics__Noun__1
written_rep: aeromechanics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aeromechanika
sense_list:
(physics) The branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of gases; it comprises aerostatics and aerodynamics


lexentry: eng/aerometric__Adjective__1
written_rep: aerometric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerometryczny
sense_list:
Describing any measurement of a physical property of air (or other gases), but especially of temperature, pressure and velocity.


lexentry: eng/aerometry__Noun__1
written_rep: aerometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerometria
sense_list:
The science of measuring the air, including its pressure, density, quality, direction and condensation; pneumatics.


lexentry: eng/aeronautics__Noun__1
written_rep: aeronautics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aeronautyka | lotnictwo
sense_list:
The design, construction, mathematics and mechanics of aircraft and other flying objects | The theory and practice of aircraft navigation


lexentry: eng/aeronomy__Noun__1
written_rep: aeronomy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aeronomia
sense_list:
A branch of science that deals with the upper atmosphere of the Earth and the other planets with reference to their chemical composition, physical properties, relative motion, and responses to radiation from space.


lexentry: eng/aerophobia__Noun__1
written_rep: aerophobia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerofobia
sense_list:
(medical) A pathological aversion or sensitivity to air or the movement of air, especially as a symptom of rabies. | An aversion to fresh air, drafts or breezes.


lexentry: eng/aerophone__Noun__1
written_rep: aerophone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerofon
sense_list:
Any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes, and without the vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound.


lexentry: eng/aerophore__Noun__1
written_rep: aerophore
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: aerofor
sense_list:
(underwater diving, historical) A predecessor of the aqualung, invented by Benoit Rouquayrol and Auguste Denayrouze 1865


lexentry: eng/aeroscope__Noun__1
written_rep: aeroscope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aeroskop
sense_list:
A device used to collect dust particles, spores etc from the air for subsequent analysis. | A type of compressed air camera for making films, constructed by Polish inventor Kazimierz Prószyński in 1909


lexentry: eng/aerostat__Noun__1
written_rep: aerostat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerostat
sense_list:
An aircraft, such as a dirigible or balloon, that derives its lift from buoyancy rather than from wings or rotors. | A moored balloon flown in a semi-permanent manner, such as a border patrol monitoring balloon affixed at 18,000 feet (~6 km).


lexentry: eng/aerostatics__Noun__1
written_rep: aerostatics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerostatyka
sense_list:
(physics) the study of gases in equilibrium and of balloons or aircraft in varying atmospheric conditions


lexentry: eng/aerothermodynamics__Noun__1
written_rep: aerothermodynamics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerotermodynamika | gazodynamika
sense_list:
(physics) The scientific study of the thermodynamic properties of gases, especially when travelling at a high velocity.


lexentry: eng/aesthete__Noun__1
written_rep: aesthete
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: esteta | estetka
sense_list:
(often, derogatory) Someone who cultivates an unusually high sensitivity to beauty, as in art or nature, often in a manner perceived to prioritize beauty over other qualities such as virtue and utility.


lexentry: eng/aetiology__Noun__1
written_rep: aetiology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: etiologia
sense_list:
(medicine, uncountable) The study or investigation of the causes of disease; a scientific explanation for the origin of a disease.


lexentry: eng/affable__Adjective__1
written_rep: affable
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arcymiły | sympatyczny
sense_list:
Receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; friendly, courteous, sociable.


lexentry: eng/affair__Noun__1
written_rep: affair
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sprawa
sense_list:
(often in the plural) Something which is done or is to be done; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or public.


lexentry: eng/affect__Noun__1
written_rep: affect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: afekt
sense_list:
(psychology) A subjective feeling experienced in response to a thought or other stimulus; mood, emotion, especially as demonstrated in external physical signs. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/affect__Verb__2
written_rep: affect
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: afektować
sense_list:
(transitive) To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume. To make a false display of. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/affection__Noun__1
written_rep: affection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: afekt
sense_list:
The state of being affected, especially: a change in, or alteration of, the emotional state of a person or other animal, caused by a subjective affect (a subjective feeling or emotion), which arises in response to a stimulus which may result from either thought or perception. | A feeling of love or strong attachment.


lexentry: eng/affectionate__Adjective__1
written_rep: affectionate
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czuły | kochający
sense_list:
(of a person) Having affection or warm regard; loving; fond. | (of an action, etc.) Characterised by or proceeding from affection; indicating love; tender.


lexentry: eng/affective__Adjective__1
written_rep: affective
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: afektywny
sense_list:
Relating to, resulting from, or influenced by the emotions. | Emotional; emotionally charged; affecting.


lexentry: eng/affiliate__Verb__1
written_rep: affiliate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: afiliować
sense_list:
(intransitive, followed by "to" or "with") To attach (to) or unite (with); to receive into a society as a member, and initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.


lexentry: eng/affiliate_marketing__Noun__1
written_rep: affiliate marketing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: marketing afiliacyjny
sense_list:
A specialized form of marketing where an advertiser seeks to advertise or sell products or services through an affiliate network.


lexentry: eng/affination__Noun__1
written_rep: affination
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: afinacja
sense_list:
Part of the traditional sugar refining process in which molasses is removed from sugar crystals by washing with a heavy syrup


lexentry: eng/affine__Adjective__1
written_rep: affine
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: afiniczny
sense_list:
(not comparable, geometry) Of or pertaining to a function expressible as f(\vec x)= A \vec x + \vec b (where A is a linear transformation and \vec b is a constant), which, regarded as a transformation, maps parallel lines to parallel lines and finite points to finite points.


lexentry: eng/affinity__Noun__1
written_rep: affinity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: powinowactwo
sense_list:
A family relationship through marriage of a relative (e.g. sister-in-law), as opposed to consanguinity (e.g. sister). | A kinsman or kinswoman of a such relationship; one who is affinal.


lexentry: eng/affirm__Verb__1
written_rep: affirm
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: afirmować | potwierdzać | potwierdzić
sense_list:
To agree, verify or concur; to answer positively. | To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to maintain as true. | To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; especially (legal) to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appellate court for review.


lexentry: eng/affirmation__Noun__1
written_rep: affirmation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: afirmacja
sense_list:
That which is affirmed; a declaration that something is true. | A form of self-forced meditation or repetition; autosuggestion.


lexentry: eng/affirmative_action__Noun__1
written_rep: affirmative action
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akcja afirmatywna
sense_list:
(uncountable) A set of policies or programs providing advantages for people of a group who are seen to have traditionally been the target of discrimination


lexentry: eng/afford__Verb__1
written_rep: afford
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pozwalać | pozwolić
sense_list:
To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be injurious; (usually, after an expression of ability, as could, able, difficult) to be able or rich enough.


lexentry: eng/affordability__Noun__1
written_rep: affordability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przystępność
sense_list:
The extent or degree to which something is affordable, as measured by its cost relative to the amount that the purchaser is able to pay.


lexentry: eng/affordance__Noun__1
written_rep: affordance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: afordancja | dostarczant
sense_list:
(human-machine interaction) A potential transaction or operation that is made possible by a given object or environment; especially, one that is made easily discoverable.


lexentry: eng/afforestation__Noun__1
written_rep: afforestation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zalesianie | zalesienie
sense_list:
The act or process of creating a new forest where none had existed before, or reforestation of areas long deforested.


lexentry: eng/afield__Adverb__1
written_rep: afield
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nieopodal
sense_list:
Away (from the home or starting point, physical or conceptual); usually preceded by far (or farther, further).


lexentry: eng/aflatoxin__Noun__1
written_rep: aflatoxin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aflatoksyna
sense_list:
(poison) Any of a family of mycotoxins, produced by molds of the Aspergillus genus, that can be toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic; typically found as contaminants of animal food or peanuts.


lexentry: eng/afrobeat__Noun__1
written_rep: afrobeat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: afrobeat
sense_list:
(music) Music that combines West African musical styles (such as traditional Yoruba music and highlife) with American funk, jazz, and soul influences, with a focus on chanted vocals, complex intersecting rhythms, and percussion.


lexentry: eng/after__Preposition__1
written_rep: after
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: za
sense_list:
(Irish, Newfoundland, usually, preceded by a form of be, followed by an -ing form of a verb) Used to indicate recent completion of an activity. | Behind. | In pursuit of, seeking.


lexentry: eng/after_all__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: after all
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: w końcu | przecież | wszak | wszakże
sense_list:
(idiomatic) anyway, in any case; indicates a statement is true regardless of other considerations; used to reinforce or explain a point.


lexentry: eng/after_all__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: after all
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: jednak
sense_list:
(idiomatic) in the end, however; used in referring to something that was believed to be the case, but is not; or to an outcome that is not what was expected or predicted.


lexentry: eng/afterbirth__Noun__1
written_rep: afterbirth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ostatni
sense_list:
The placenta and other material expelled via the birth canal following childbirth or parturition in mammals.


lexentry: eng/afterlife__Noun__1
written_rep: afterlife
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: życie pozagrobowe | zaświaty
sense_list:
A conscious existence after death; a supernatural life that follows one's natural life, in some worldviews.


lexentry: eng/aftermath__Noun__1
written_rep: aftermath
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: otawa | potraw
sense_list:
(obsolete, agriculture) A second mowing; the grass which grows after the first crop of hay in the same season.


lexentry: eng/aftermath__Noun__1
written_rep: aftermath
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: następstwo | pokłosie
sense_list:
That which happens after, that which follows, usually of strongly negative connotation in most contexts, implying a preceding catastrophe.


lexentry: eng/afternoon_tea__Noun__1
written_rep: afternoon tea
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: podwieczorek
sense_list:
(UK) A formal afternoon meal comprising light snacks, accompanied by tea. | (Australia, NZ, Hong Kong) A small meal or snack eaten between lunch and dinner (supper); a period of time set aside for this purpose, taken as a break from work or from a conference.


lexentry: eng/aftershock__Noun__1
written_rep: aftershock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wstrząs wtórny
sense_list:
An earthquake that follows in the same vicinity as another, usually larger, earthquake (the "mainshock").


lexentry: eng/again__Adverb__1
written_rep: again
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: znowu | znów | ponownie | od nowa | apiać | jeszcze raz
sense_list:
Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion. [from 16thc.]


lexentry: eng/again__Adverb__1
written_rep: again
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: znów
sense_list:
Tell me again, say again; used in asking a question to which one may have already received an answer that one cannot remember.


lexentry: eng/against__Preposition__1
written_rep: against
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przeciw | pod
sense_list:
In a contrary direction to. | (Hollywood) To be paid now in contrast to the following amount to be paid later under specified circumstances, usually that a movie is made or has started filming.


lexentry: eng/against_the_grain__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: against the grain
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: pod prąd | pod wiatr | pod włos
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Contrary to what is expected; especially, of behavior different from what society expects.


lexentry: eng/agalmatolite__Noun__1
written_rep: agalmatolite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agalmatolit | pagodyt
sense_list:
(mineral) A soft, compact stone, of a grayish, greenish, or yellowish color, carved into images by the Chinese, and hence called figure stone, and pagodite. It is probably a variety of pinite.


lexentry: eng/agape__Noun__1
written_rep: agape
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agapa | agape
sense_list:
(uncountable, Christianity) The love of God for mankind, or the benevolent love of Christians for others. | (countable) A love feast, especially one held in the early Christian Church in connection with the Eucharist.


lexentry: eng/agar__Noun__1
written_rep: agar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agar-agar | agar
sense_list:
A gelatinous material obtained from red algae, especially Gracilaria species, used as a bacterial culture medium, in electrophoresis and as a food additive.


lexentry: eng/agarwood__Noun__1
written_rep: agarwood
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agar
sense_list:
Heartwood from trees of genus Aquilaria, especially Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. A. agallocha), infected with mold (Phialophora parasitica), which produce an aromatic resin in response to this infestation.


lexentry: eng/agate__Noun__1
written_rep: agate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agat
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable, mineral) A semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two. | (slang, usually, in the plural) A testicle.


lexentry: eng/agave__Noun__1
written_rep: agave
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agawa
sense_list:
Any plant in the large, variable genus Agave: succulent plants, commonly armed with formidable prickles; they flower at maturity after several years, and generally die thereafter; large species, such as the maguey or century plant, (Agave americana), produce gigantic inflorescences. Several are of economic importance as sources of fibre such as sisal, and alcoholic beverages such as tequila.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
written_rep: age
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 13
trans_list: era | wiek
sense_list:
(countable, poker) The right of the player to the left of the dealer to pass the first round in betting, and then to come in last or stay out; also, the player holding this position; the eldest hand.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
written_rep: age
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 14
trans_list: wiek | życie
sense_list:
(uncountable) That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; specifically the size of that part.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
written_rep: age
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 15
trans_list: dorosłość | pełnoletniość
sense_list:
(uncountable) Mature age; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
written_rep: age
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 16
trans_list: wiek | etap | starość
sense_list:
(uncountable) An advanced period of life; the latter part of life; the state of being old, old age, senility; seniority.


lexentry: eng/age_of_consent__Noun__1
written_rep: age of consent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wiek przyzwolenia
sense_list:
(legal) The age at which a person is legally considered to be mature enough to engage willingly in sexual intercourse, so that it is not a crime for someone else to have sex with the person.


lexentry: eng/age_of_majority__Noun__1
written_rep: age of majority
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pełnoletniość | pełnoletność
sense_list:
(legal) The age at which the rights and privileges of an adult are legally granted or recognized; i.e.; the age where a person ceases to be a minor legally and becomes a legal adult.


lexentry: eng/age_of_reason__Noun__1
written_rep: age of reason
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wiek rozumu
sense_list:
(Roman Catholicism) Seven years of age, at which age a person is morally liable for the sins that he or she commits. | (by extension) Age at which a person is able to distinguish right from wrong and make their own decisions.


lexentry: eng/aged__Adjective__1
written_rep: aged
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sędziwy
sense_list:
Old. | (mostly, non-US) Having the age of. | Having undergone the improving effects of time; matured.


lexentry: eng/ageism__Noun__1
written_rep: ageism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ageizm
sense_list:
The treating of a person or people, especially youth or seniors, differently from others based on assumptions, prejudices or/and stereotypes relating to their age.


lexentry: eng/agency__Noun__1
written_rep: agency
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: agencja
sense_list:
The office or function of an agent; also, the relationship between a principal and that person's agent. | An establishment engaged in doing business for another; also, the place of business or the district of such an agency. | A department or other administrative unit of a government; also, the office or headquarters of, or the district administered by such unit of government.


lexentry: eng/agenda__Noun__1
written_rep: agenda
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agenda | porządek dzienny
sense_list:
A temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to. | A list of matters to be taken up (as at a meeting).


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
written_rep: agent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: pełnomocnik | plenipotent
sense_list:
One who acts for, or in the place of, another (the principal), by that person's authority; someone entrusted to act on behalf of or in behalf of another, such as to transact business for them.


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
written_rep: agent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: agent | agentka
sense_list:
Someone who works for an intelligence agency: whether an officer or employee thereof or anyone else who agrees to help their efforts (for ideology, for money, as blackmailee, or otherwise).


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
written_rep: agent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: czynnik | środek
sense_list:
An active power or cause or substance; something (e.g. biological, chemical, thermal, etc.) that has the power to produce an effect.


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
written_rep: agent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: agent
sense_list:
(computing) In the client-server model, the part of the system that performs information preparation and exchange on behalf of a client or server. Especially in the phrase “intelligent agent” it implies some kind of autonomous process which can communicate with other agents to perform some collective task on behalf of one or more humans.


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
written_rep: agent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: agens
sense_list:
(grammar) The participant of a situation that carries out the action in this situation, e.g. "the boy" in the sentences "The boy kicked the ball" and "The ball was kicked by the boy".


lexentry: eng/agent_noun__Noun__1
written_rep: agent noun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wykonawca czasownika
sense_list:
(grammar) A noun that denotes an agent (human or nonhuman) that performs the action denoted by the verb from which the noun is derived, such as "rider" derived from "to ride", or "cutter" derived from "to cut".


lexentry: eng/agent_provocateur__Noun__1
written_rep: agent provocateur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prowokator
sense_list:
A person who secretly disrupts a group's activities from within the group, particularly by encouraging or committing illegal acts to discredit the group or expose them to prosecution; an instigator, troublemaker.


lexentry: eng/aggiornamento__Noun__1
written_rep: aggiornamento
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: reforma
sense_list:
A bringing up to date, especially of the Roman Catholic Church by the Second Vatican Council of 1962-65; modernization.


lexentry: eng/agglomerate__Noun__1
written_rep: agglomerate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aglomerat
sense_list:
A collection or mass. | (geology, vulcanology) A mass of angular volcanic fragments united by heat; distinguished from conglomerate.


lexentry: eng/agglomeration__Noun__1
written_rep: agglomeration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aglomeracja
sense_list:
The act or process of collecting in a mass; a heaping together. | State of being collected in a mass; a mass; cluster. | (geography) An extended city area comprising the built-up area of a central city and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area.


lexentry: eng/agglutinate__Verb__1
written_rep: agglutinate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aglutynować
sense_list:
(transitive) To unite, or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous substance; to unite by causing an adhesion of substances. | (linguistics) To form through agglutination.


lexentry: eng/agglutination__Noun__1
written_rep: agglutination
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: aglutynacja
sense_list:
(linguistics) Combination in which root words are united with little or no change of form or loss of meaning. See agglutinative. | The clumping together of red blood cells or bacteria, usually in response to a particular antibody.


lexentry: eng/agglutinin__Noun__1
written_rep: agglutinin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aglutynina
sense_list:
A substance that causes particles or cells to clump#Verb; it may be an antibody, a lectin, or otherwise.


lexentry: eng/aggravate__Verb__1
written_rep: aggravate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pogarszać
sense_list:
To make (an offence) worse or more severe; to increase in offensiveness or heinousness. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/aggravating_circumstance__Noun__1
written_rep: aggravating circumstance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: okoliczność obciążająca
sense_list:
(legal, or general usage, chiefly, in the plural) A factor that increases the culpability or deleterious consequences of a wrongful act.


lexentry: eng/aggravation__Noun__1
written_rep: aggravation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: pogarszający
sense_list:
An extrinsic circumstance or accident which increases the guilt of a crime or the misery of a calamity.


lexentry: eng/aggregate__Noun__1
written_rep: aggregate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agregat
sense_list:
A mass, assemblage, or sum of particulars; something consisting of elements but considered as a whole. | A mass formed by the union of homogeneous particles; – in distinction from a compound, formed by the union of heterogeneous particles.


lexentry: eng/aggregate__Noun__1
written_rep: aggregate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: kruszywo
sense_list:
Solid particles of low aspect ratio added to a composite material, as distinguished from the matrix and any fibers or reinforcements; especially the gravel and sand added to concrete.


lexentry: eng/aggressive__Adjective__1
written_rep: aggressive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agresywny | napastliwy | wojowniczy
sense_list:
Characterized by aggression; unjustly attacking; prone to behave in a way that involves attacking or arguing.


lexentry: eng/aggressor__Noun__1
written_rep: aggressor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agresor | agresorka
sense_list:
The person or country that first attacks or makes an aggression; that begins hostility or a quarrel; an assailant.


lexentry: eng/agility__Noun__1
written_rep: agility
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zwinność | zręczność
sense_list:
(uncountable) The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily; quickness of motion


lexentry: eng/agio__Noun__1
written_rep: agio
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ażio
sense_list:
(economics, finance) The premium or percentage on a better sort of money when it is given in exchange for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on foreign bills of exchange is sometimes called agio.


lexentry: eng/agitate__Verb__1
written_rep: agitate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: agitować
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause to move with a violent, irregular action; to shake. [from 16th c.] | (transitive, now, rare) To mull over, or think deeply about; to consider, to devise. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/agitation__Noun__1
written_rep: agitation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agitacja
sense_list:
The act of agitating, or the state of being agitated; the state of being disrupted with violence, or with irregular action; commotion. | Excitement of public feeling by discussion, appeals, etc.


lexentry: eng/agnosticism__Noun__1
written_rep: agnosticism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: agnostycyzm
sense_list:
The view that the existence of God or of all deities is unknown, unknowable, unproven, or unprovable.


lexentry: eng/agnotology__Noun__1
written_rep: agnotology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agnotologia
sense_list:
The study of culturally-induced ignorance or doubt, particularly the publication of inaccurate or misleading scientific data.


lexentry: eng/agonist__Noun__1
written_rep: agonist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: agonista
sense_list:
(biochemistry, pharmacology) A molecule that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiological reaction.


lexentry: eng/agorism__Noun__1
written_rep: agorism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agoryzm
sense_list:
(politics, economics) A revolutionary political philosophy that advocates the creation of a voluntaryist society by means of counter-economics (i.e. black market).


lexentry: eng/agranulocyte__Noun__1
written_rep: agranulocyte
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agranulocyt
sense_list:
(biochemistry) Any of several kinds of white blood cell characterised by the absence of granules in the cytoplasm.


lexentry: eng/agranulocytosis__Noun__1
written_rep: agranulocytosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agranulocytoza
sense_list:
(disease) An acute condition involving a severe and dangerous leukopenia, particularly of neutrophils, causing a neutropenia in the circulating blood.


lexentry: eng/agree__Verb__1
written_rep: agree
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zgadzać się | zgodzić się | uzgadniać | uzgodnić
sense_list:
(intransitive) To be in harmony about an opinion, statement, or action; to have a consistent idea between two or more people.


lexentry: eng/agreement__Noun__1
written_rep: agreement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zgoda | porozumienie
sense_list:
(uncountable) A state whereby several parties share a view or opinion; the state of not contradicting one another.


lexentry: eng/agreement__Noun__1
written_rep: agreement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: kongruencja | związek zgody
sense_list:
(uncountable, linguistics, grammar) Rules that exist in many languages that force some parts of a sentence to be used or inflected differently depending on certain attributes of other parts. | (obsolete, chiefly, _, in the plural) An agreeable quality.


lexentry: eng/agribusiness__Noun__1
written_rep: agribusiness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agrobiznes
sense_list:
(uncountable) Business (especially big business) connected to agriculture, either owning or operating large-scale farms, or catering to those who do. [from 1950s] | (countable) A business or group of businesses engaged in agriculture, particularly if using modern farming techniques in the process.


lexentry: eng/agriculture__Noun__1
written_rep: agriculture
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rolnictwo
sense_list:
The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of livestock.


lexentry: eng/agrimony__Noun__1
written_rep: agrimony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rzepik | jabłecznik
sense_list:
Any of several perennial herbaceous plants, of the genus Agrimonia, that have spikes of yellow flowers.


lexentry: eng/agritourism__Noun__1
written_rep: agritourism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agroturystyka
sense_list:
A form of tourism in which tourists stay in farms or agricultural villages, either to experience farm life, or as a base for exploring the countryside


lexentry: eng/agrochemical__Noun__1
written_rep: agrochemical
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agrochemikalia
sense_list:
(chemistry) A chemical compound, such as a hormone, fungicide, or insecticide, that improves the production of crops.


lexentry: eng/agroecosystem__Noun__1
written_rep: agroecosystem
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agroekosystem
sense_list:
A conceptual model of an agricultural system (crop, farm or whole economy), relating its functions to its inputs and outputs.


lexentry: eng/agroforestry__Noun__1
written_rep: agroforestry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agroleśnictwo
sense_list:
An agricultural approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock.


lexentry: eng/agronomy__Noun__1
written_rep: agronomy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agronomia
sense_list:
The science of utilizing plants, animals and soils for food, fuel, feed, and fiber and more. To do this effectively and sustainably, agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, animal sciences and soil science.


lexentry: eng/ah__Interjection__1
written_rep: ah
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: a | ach
sense_list:
An expression of relief, relaxation, comfort, confusion, understanding, wonder, awe, etc. according to uttered inflection.


lexentry: eng/ahead_of_one's_time__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: ahead of one's time
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wyprzedzać swoje czasy
sense_list:
(idiomatic) In advance of concurrent commonly accepted ideas; showing characteristics of changes yet to be.


lexentry: eng/aide-de-camp__Noun__1
written_rep: aide-de-camp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adiutant | adiutantka
sense_list:
A military officer who serves as an adjutant to a higher-ranking officer, prince or other high political dignitary.


lexentry: eng/aiglet__Noun__1
written_rep: aiglet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aglet | skuwka
sense_list:
A tip, originally of metal and often decorative, on a ribbon or cord that makes lacing two parts of a garment or garments together easier, as in corset lacings, "points" (lacing hose or trousers to jacket or doublet) or sleeves to a bodice.


lexentry: eng/ail__Verb__1
written_rep: ail
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: brakować
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause to suffer; to trouble, afflict. (Now chiefly in interrogative or indefinite constructions.) | (intransitive) To be ill; to suffer; to be troubled.


lexentry: eng/ailette__Noun__1
written_rep: ailette
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: skrzydełko
sense_list:
(historical) A small square piece of armour, normally made of boiled leather, worn on the shoulders of knights.


lexentry: eng/aim__Verb__1
written_rep: aim
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: celować | mierzyć | wycelować
sense_list:
(transitive) To direct or point (e.g. a weapon), at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object


lexentry: eng/air__Noun__1
written_rep: air
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: powietrze
sense_list:
(historical, philosophy, alchemy) One of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans. | (uncountable, loosely) The substance of the atmosphere on a planet other than Earth. | (uncountable, usually, with the) The apparently open space above the ground which this substance fills, (historical) formerly thought to be limited by the firmament but (meteorology) now considered to be surrounded by the near-vacuum of outer space.


lexentry: eng/air_filter__Noun__1
written_rep: air filter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: filtr powietrza
sense_list:
A filter for removing dust and other particles from a stream of air, typically used in the air intake of an internal combustion engine, the output of an air compressor, the supply duct of a forced-air furnace, etc.


lexentry: eng/air_out__Verb__1
written_rep: air out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przewietrzać | przewietrzyć
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To expose to air; to leave open or spread out, as to allow odor or moisture to dissipate.


lexentry: eng/air_supremacy__Noun__1
written_rep: air supremacy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przewaga w powietrzu
sense_list:
In a war, the most favorable state of control of the air: air superiority so complete that the opposing air force is incapable of effective interference.


lexentry: eng/air_traffic_control__Noun__1
written_rep: air traffic control
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kontrola ruchu lotniczego
sense_list:
A system designed to give assistance to aircraft, to prevent collisions and to manage aircraft flow.


lexentry: eng/airbag__Noun__1
written_rep: airbag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: poduszka powietrzna
sense_list:
(automotive) A protective system in automobiles in which when a crash occurs, a bag containing nitrogen, formed by the explosive decomposition of sodium azide, quickly inflates in front of the driver or passenger, preventing injury to the head. Side air bags, including the back seat passengers, also prevent injury.


lexentry: eng/airbrush__Noun__1
written_rep: airbrush
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerograf
sense_list:
A miniature, handheld paint sprayer, powered by compressed air or other gas, used for delicate, artistic painting, or sometimes retouching of photographs.


lexentry: eng/aircraft_carrier__Noun__1
written_rep: aircraft carrier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: lotniskowiec | awiomatka
sense_list:
A warship designed to carry aircraft, serving as a seagoing air base, with a deck on which aircraft can be launched and landed.


lexentry: eng/airfield__Noun__1
written_rep: airfield
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aerodrom | lotnisko | lądowisko
sense_list:
(aviation) An open field designated for the taking off and landing of aircraft, but which, unlike an airport, does not necessarily have terminals or paved runways.


lexentry: eng/airport__Noun__1
written_rep: airport
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: lotnisko | port lotniczy | aerodrom | aeroport
sense_list:
An airfield (an area designated for the takeoff and landing of aircraft), including one or more runways and (for commercial airports) one or more passenger terminals.


lexentry: eng/airspace__Noun__1
written_rep: airspace
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przestrzeń powietrzna
sense_list:
(politics, aviation) A specified portion of the atmosphere, especially that under the technical aviation control and/or jurisdiction of a particular state over which territory (and territorial waters) it lies.


lexentry: eng/ajvar__Noun__1
written_rep: ajvar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ajwar
sense_list:
A relish made principally out of red bell peppers, sometimes with eggplant, garlic and chili pepper, predominantly popular in the Western Balkans.


lexentry: eng/ajwain__Noun__1
written_rep: ajwain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ajowan | chropawiec wonny
sense_list:
A plant in the family Apiaceae (Trachyspermum ammi), and its seed-like fruit, which is used (especially in South Asian cooking) for its thyme-like flavor.


lexentry: eng/akanye__Noun__1
written_rep: akanye
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akanie
sense_list:
(phonology) A case of vowel reduction in Slavic languages; the merger of pretonic non-high vowel phonemes (/o/, /e/ and /a/).


lexentry: eng/akin__Adjective__1
written_rep: akin
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: pokrewny | spokrewniony | zbliżony
sense_list:
(often, followed by to) Allied by nature; similar; partaking of the same properties; of the same kind.


lexentry: eng/alalia__Noun__1
written_rep: alalia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alalia
sense_list:
(medicine, obsolete) The loss of the ability to speak, especially due to paralysis of the vocal cords. | (medicine) Speech delay, a delay in the development or use of the mechanisms that produce speech.


lexentry: eng/alanine__Noun__1
written_rep: alanine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alanina
sense_list:
(amino acid, uncountable) A nonessential amino acid 2-aminopropanoic acid found in most animal proteins


lexentry: eng/alarm__Noun__1
written_rep: alarm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alarm
sense_list:
A summons to arms, as on the approach of an enemy. | Any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warning sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger. | Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden apprehension of being attacked by surprise. | An instance of an alarm ringing, beeping or clanging, to give a noise signal at a certain time.


lexentry: eng/alarm__Verb__1
written_rep: alarm
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: alarmować | zaalarmować
sense_list:
(transitive) To give (someone) notice of approaching danger, or necessary action; to rouse to vigilance; to put on the alert.


lexentry: eng/alb__Noun__1
written_rep: alb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alba
sense_list:
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Anglicanism, Roman Catholicism) A long, white robe worn by priests and other ministers, underneath most of the other vestments.


lexentry: eng/albatross__Noun__1
written_rep: albatross
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: albatros
sense_list:
Any of various large seabirds of the family Diomedeidae ranging widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific and having a hooked beak and long narrow wings. | (golf) A double eagle, or three under par on any one hole, except a par 3 hole.


lexentry: eng/albatross_around_one's_neck__Noun__1
written_rep: albatross around one's neck
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kamień u szyi
sense_list:
(idiomatic, figurative) A characteristic, possession, associate, or previous deed that hinders one's ability to succeed.


lexentry: eng/albedo__Noun__1
written_rep: albedo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: albedo
sense_list:
(physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) The fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body, commonly expressed as a percentage. | (botany) The whitish inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits that is a source of pectin, commonly referred to as the pith.


lexentry: eng/albinism__Noun__1
written_rep: albinism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: albinizm | bielactwo
sense_list:
Congenital lack of melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); the condition of being albino.


lexentry: eng/albino__Adjective__1
written_rep: albino
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: albinotyczny | bielaczy
sense_list:
Congenitally lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); born with albinism.


lexentry: eng/albino__Noun__1
written_rep: albino
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: albinos | albinoska
sense_list:
(countable) A person or animal congenitally lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); one born with albinism.


lexentry: eng/album__Noun__1
written_rep: album
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: album
sense_list:
A book specially designed to keep photographs, stamps, or autographs. | A phonograph record that is composed of several tracks | A jacket or cover for such a phonograph record. | A group of audio recordings, on any medium, intended for distribution as a group.


lexentry: eng/albumin__Noun__1
written_rep: albumin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: albumina
sense_list:
(protein) Any of a class of monomeric proteins that are soluble in water, and are coagulated by heat; they occur in egg white, milk etc; they function as carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and play a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume.


lexentry: eng/alchemy__Noun__1
written_rep: alchemy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alchemia | alchimia
sense_list:
(uncountable) The premodern and early modern study of physical changes, particularly in Europe, Arabia, and China; and chiefly in pursuit of an elixir of immortality, a universal panacea, and/or a philosopher's stone able to transmute base metals into gold, eventually developing into chemistry.


lexentry: eng/alcid__Noun__1
written_rep: alcid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alka krzywonosa
sense_list:
(ornithology) A bird of the family Alcidae, including auks, auklets, razorbills, dovekies, guillemots, and puffins.


lexentry: eng/alcohol__Noun__1
written_rep: alcohol
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alkohol
sense_list:
(organic compound, countable) Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).


lexentry: eng/alcoholate__Noun__1
written_rep: alcoholate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alkoholan
sense_list:
(obsolete, organic chemistry) A crystalline salt containing alcohol in place of water of crystallization.


lexentry: eng/alcoholism__Noun__1
written_rep: alcoholism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alkoholizm | pijaństwo
sense_list:
A chronic disease caused by compulsive and uncontrollable consumption of alcoholic beverages, leading to addiction and deterioration in health and social functioning.


lexentry: eng/alcoholize__Verb__1
written_rep: alcoholize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alkoholizować
sense_list:
To convert into alcohol by fermentation, or to increase the concentration of alcohol by rectification | To infuse or saturate with an alcoholic spirit | To subject to the influence of alcohol


lexentry: eng/alcohology__Noun__1
written_rep: alcohology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alkohologia
sense_list:
(sociology) The study of the effects of alcohol; on living organisms, people or social environments.


lexentry: eng/aldehyde__Noun__1
written_rep: aldehyde
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aldehyd
sense_list:
(organic compound) Any of a large class of reactive organic compounds (R·CHO) having a carbonyl functional group attached to one hydrocarbon radical and a hydrogen atom.


lexentry: eng/alder_buckthorn__Noun__1
written_rep: alder buckthorn
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kruszyna pospolita
sense_list:
A deciduous shrub, Frangula alnus, native to Europe and neighboring areas of Asia and Africa, bearing glossy leaves, flowers in sessile umbels, and inedible red berries that turn black when ripe, and historically used as a laxative and to produce dyes.


lexentry: eng/aldolase__Noun__1
written_rep: aldolase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aldolazy
sense_list:
(enzyme) An enzyme, present in some tissue, that catalyses the conversion of phosphates of fructose to those of glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone


lexentry: eng/aldose__Noun__1
written_rep: aldose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aldoza
sense_list:
(organic chemistry, carbohydrate) Any of a class of monosaccharides having an aldehyde or hemiacetal functional group.


lexentry: eng/aldosterone__Noun__1
written_rep: aldosterone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aldosteron
sense_list:
(steroid hormone) A mineralocorticoid hormone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, that regulates the balance of sodium and potassium in the body.


lexentry: eng/alembic__Noun__1
written_rep: alembic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alembik
sense_list:
An early chemical apparatus, consisting of two retorts connected by a tube, used to purify substances by distillation.


lexentry: eng/aleph-null__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: aleph-null
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alef zero
sense_list:
(set theory) The first of the transfinite cardinal numbers; corresponds to the number of natural numbers.


lexentry: eng/aleph__Noun__1
written_rep: aleph
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alef
sense_list:
The first letter of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, and its descendants in descended Semitic scripts, such as Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, ʾaleph), Aramaic 𐡀 (ʾ), Classical Syriac ܐ ('ālaph), Hebrew א (aleph) and Arabic ا (ʾalif).


lexentry: eng/alexandrine__Noun__1
written_rep: alexandrine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aleksandryn
sense_list:
(poetry) A line of poetic meter having twelve syllables, usually divided into two or three equal parts.


lexentry: eng/alexandrite__Noun__1
written_rep: alexandrite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aleksandryt
sense_list:
(mineral) A form of chrysoberyl that displays a colour change dependent upon the light source, along with strong pleochroism.


lexentry: eng/alexia__Noun__1
written_rep: alexia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aleksja
sense_list:
(psychiatry) Word blindness, the inability, due to a cerebral disorder, to comprehend or understand writing.


lexentry: eng/alexin__Noun__1
written_rep: alexin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aleksyna | dopełniacz
sense_list:
(biochemistry, dated) A protective substance that exists in the serum or other bodily fluid and is capable of killing microorganisms; complement.


lexentry: eng/alga__Noun__1
written_rep: alga
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alga | glon
sense_list:
(biology) Any of many aquatic photosynthetic organisms, including the seaweeds, whose size ranges from a single cell to giant kelps and whose biochemistry and forms are very diverse, some being eukaryotic.


lexentry: eng/algebra__Noun__1
written_rep: algebra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: algebra
sense_list:
(uncountable, mathematics) Elementary algebra: A system for representing and manipulating unknown quantities (variables) in equations. | (countable, mathematics, algebra) Any of several objects of study in Algebra | (uncountable, medicine, historical, rare) The surgical treatment of a dislocated or fractured bone. Also (countable) : a dislocation or fracture.


lexentry: eng/algebraic__Adjective__1
written_rep: algebraic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: algebraiczny
sense_list:
Of, or relating to, algebra. | (mathematics, of an expression, equation, or function) Containing only numbers, letters, and arithmetic operators. | (algebra, number theory, of a number) Which is a root of some polynomial whose coefficients are rational. | (chess, of notation) Describing squares by file (referred to in intrinsic order rather than by the piece starting on that file) and rank, both with reference to a fixed point rather than a player-dependent perspective.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_geometry__Noun__1
written_rep: algebraic geometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: geometria algebraiczna
sense_list:
(mathematics) A branch of mathematics that studies algebraic varieties (solution sets of polynomial equations) and their generalisations, using techniques from both algebra (chiefly commutative algebra) and geometry.


lexentry: eng/algebraical__Adjective__1
written_rep: algebraical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: algebraiczny
sense_list:
Pertaining to algebra or its laws. | (mathematics) Requiring a finite number of algebraic operations; the opposite of transcendental.


lexentry: eng/algid__Adjective__1
written_rep: algid
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chłodny
sense_list:
(medicine) Cold, chilly; used of low body temperature, especially in connection with certain diseases such as malaria and cholera.


lexentry: eng/algin__Noun__1
written_rep: algin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: algina
sense_list:
Any of various gelatinous gums, derivatives of alginic acid, derived from marine brown algae and used especially as emulsifiers or thickeners.


lexentry: eng/alginic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: alginic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas alginowy
sense_list:
(biochemistry) An insoluble colloidal acid (C6H8O6)n that in the form of its salts is a constituent of the cell walls of brown algae and is used as a food additive.


lexentry: eng/algolagnia__Noun__1
written_rep: algolagnia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: algolagnia
sense_list:
A physical condition that causes a person to gain sexual pleasure by suffering pain, particularly to erogenous zones.


lexentry: eng/algorithm__Noun__1
written_rep: algorithm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: algorytm
sense_list:
(countable) A collection of ordered steps that solve a mathematical problem. A precise step-by-step plan for a computational procedure that possibly begins with an input value and yields an output value in a finite number of steps. | (loosely) A flowchart illustrating a decision-making process for human users, especially health care professionals.


lexentry: eng/alias__Adverb__1
written_rep: alias
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alias
sense_list:
Otherwise; at another time; in other circumstances; otherwise called. | (legal) Used to connect the different names of a person who has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause doubtful


lexentry: eng/aliasing__Noun__1
written_rep: aliasing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krenelaż
sense_list:
(signal processing, graphics, sound recording) Distortion caused by a low sampling rate, such as a moiré effect or jaggies.


lexentry: eng/alibi__Noun__1
written_rep: alibi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alibi
sense_list:
(legal) The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove being in another place when the alleged act was committed. | (sometimes, proscribed) An excuse, especially one used to avoid responsibility or blame.


lexentry: eng/alicyclic__Adjective__1
written_rep: alicyclic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alicykliczny
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Of a class of organic compounds having both aliphatic (chain) and cyclic (ring) structure


lexentry: eng/alien__Adjective__1
written_rep: alien
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cudzoziemski
sense_list:
Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign.


lexentry: eng/alien__Noun__1
written_rep: alien
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obcy
sense_list:
A person, animal, plant, or other thing which is from outside the family, group, organization, or territory under consideration.


lexentry: eng/alienate__Verb__1
written_rep: alienate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alienować
sense_list:
To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of.


lexentry: eng/alienation__Noun__1
written_rep: alienation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: alienacja | wyobcowanie
sense_list:
The state of being alienated. | (Marxism) The estrangement of people from aspects of their human nature as a consequence of the division of labour and living in a society of stratified social classes.


lexentry: eng/align__Verb__1
written_rep: align
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: wpłacać
sense_list:
(intransitive, reflexive) To identify (oneself) with, match, or support the behaviour, thoughts, etc. of another person, organization, or country. | (transitive, computing) To store (data) in a way that is consistent with the memory architecture, i.e. by beginning each item at an offset equal to some multiple of the word size.


lexentry: eng/alignment__Noun__1
written_rep: alignment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: nastawienie
sense_list:
The process of adjusting a mechanism such that its parts are aligned; the condition of having its parts so adjusted.


lexentry: eng/alimony__Noun__1
written_rep: alimony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alimenty
sense_list:
(legal, sometimes, pejorative) A court-mandated allowance made to a former spouse by a divorced or legally separated person.


lexentry: eng/aliphatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: aliphatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alifatyczny
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Of a class of organic compounds in which the carbon atoms are arranged in an open chain.


lexentry: eng/alive_and_kicking__Adjective__1
written_rep: alive and kicking
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: o dobrym zdrowiu
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Healthy; vital; in good health, particularly in opposition to unfavorable circumstances.


lexentry: eng/alizarin__Noun__1
written_rep: alizarin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alizaryna
sense_list:
(organic compound) A red substance, 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, extracted from madder root and used as a dye.


lexentry: eng/alkali__Noun__1
written_rep: alkali
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alkalia
sense_list:
(chemistry) One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, soda ash, caustic soda, potash, ammonia, and lithia, whose distinguishing characteristics are dissolving in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.


lexentry: eng/alkali_metal__Noun__1
written_rep: alkali metal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: litowiec
sense_list:
(inorganic chemistry) Any of the soft, light, reactive metals of Group 1 of the periodic table; lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.


lexentry: eng/alkaline_earth_metal__Noun__1
written_rep: alkaline earth metal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: berylowiec | metal ziem alkalicznych | wapniowiec
sense_list:
(inorganic chemistry) Any of the elements of group II of the periodic table; they are low-density metals that react readily with water to form strongly basic hydroxides, and with many acids to form salts.


lexentry: eng/alkaliphile__Noun__1
written_rep: alkaliphile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alkalifil
sense_list:
Any organism that lives and thrives in an alkaline environment, such as a soda lake; a form of extremophile.


lexentry: eng/alkaloid__Noun__1
written_rep: alkaloid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alkaloid | alkaloidy
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any of many organic (often heterocyclic) bases that occur in nature and often have medicinal properties.


lexentry: eng/alkene__Noun__1
written_rep: alkene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alken
sense_list:
(organic compound) An unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more carbon–carbon double bonds.


lexentry: eng/alkoxide__Noun__1
written_rep: alkoxide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alkoholan
sense_list:
(organic compound) Any organic compound derived from an alcohol by replacement of a hydrogen atom with a metal or other cationic species


lexentry: eng/alkyl__Noun__1
written_rep: alkyl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alkil
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any of a series of univalent radicals of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons. In other words, an alkane minus one hydrogen atom.


lexentry: eng/alkylate__Verb__1
written_rep: alkylate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alkilować
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) To add one or more alkyl groups to a compound, especially by reacting with an alkylating agent


lexentry: eng/alkylation__Noun__1
written_rep: alkylation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alkilacja
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any reaction in which an alkyl group is added to a molecule; used in the production of high-octane petroleum fuels.


lexentry: eng/all-points_bulletin__Noun__1
written_rep: all-points bulletin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: list gończy
sense_list:
(law enforcement) A broadcast issued from one law enforcement agency to another, typically containing information about a wanted suspect or a person of interest.


lexentry: eng/all-you-can-eat__Adjective__1
written_rep: all-you-can-eat
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rodzaj bufetu
sense_list:
(literally) Offering unlimited food to a diner at a restaurant for a fixed price for as long as the diner continues to eat.


lexentry: eng/all__Determiner__1
written_rep: all
part_of_speech: determiner
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wszystek | wszystko
sense_list:
Every individual or anything of the given class, with no exceptions (the noun or noun phrase denoting the class must be plural or uncountable).


lexentry: eng/all_cats_are_grey_in_the_dark__Proverb__1
written_rep: all cats are grey in the dark
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: w nocy wszystkie koty są czarne
sense_list:
(UK, sometimes, _, vulgar, _, &, _) Sex is enjoyable regardless of the physical attractiveness or social station of one's partner. | (uncommon) Under some circumstances, individual distinctions no longer matter.


lexentry: eng/all_hands_on_deck__Interjection__1
written_rep: all hands on deck
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wszystkie ręce na pokład
sense_list:
(nautical) An order, on board ship, for all seamen of all watches to muster on deck immediately; normally shortened to "All hands"


lexentry: eng/all_rights_reserved__Phrase__1
written_rep: all rights reserved
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wszelkie prawa zastrzeżone
sense_list:
(idiomatic, legal) The copyright holder of a creative work reserves all copyright-related rights, typically including the right to publish the work, to make derivative works of it, to distribute it, to make profit from it, to license a number of these rights to other people, and to forbid these uses by any unauthorized people, thus being entitled to take legal action against infringement.


lexentry: eng/all_that_glitters_is_not_gold__Proverb__1
written_rep: all that glitters is not gold
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nie wszystko złoto, co się świeci
sense_list:
Things that appear valuable or worthwhile might not actually be so; things that look nice might not be as good as they look.


lexentry: eng/all_the_more__Adverb__1
written_rep: all the more
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tym bardziej
sense_list:
Even more; notably, but even more notably due to additional information, either preceding or following the statement.


lexentry: eng/all_the_tea_in_China__Noun__1
written_rep: all the tea in China
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: (idiomatic, hyperbole) Something very valuable or priceless.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
za Chiny | za Chiny ludowe | za chińskiego boga | za nic na świecie | za skarby świata | za żadne pieniądze


lexentry: eng/allantois__Noun__1
written_rep: allantois
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: omocznia
sense_list:
(anatomy) A sac, having a number of functions, that develops in the alimentary canal of the embryos of mammals, birds and reptiles.


lexentry: eng/allative_case__Noun__1
written_rep: allative case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: allatyw
sense_list:
(grammatical case) A case used to indicate movement onto, or to the adjacency of something. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositions to or onto, as in "to the house," "onto the house." Languages that use the allative case include Basque, Dyirbal, Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, and Lithuanian.


lexentry: eng/allegory__Noun__1
written_rep: allegory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: alegoria
sense_list:
A symbolic representation which can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, usually a moral or political one. | (mathematics, category theory) A category that retains some of the structure of the category of binary relations between sets, representing a high-level generalisation of that category.


lexentry: eng/allegro__Noun__1
written_rep: allegro
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: allegro
sense_list:
(music) A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played in a quick, lively tempo, faster than allegretto but slower than presto.


lexentry: eng/allele__Noun__1
written_rep: allele
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: allel | allelomorf
sense_list:
(genetics) One of a number of alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given position, or locus, on a chromosome.


lexentry: eng/allergy__Noun__1
written_rep: allergy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alergia | uczulenie
sense_list:
(medicine, immunology, broadly) A disorder of the immune system causing adverse reactions to substances (allergens) not harmful to most and marked by the body's production of histamines and associated with atopy, anaphylaxis, and asthma; any condition of hypersensitivity to a substance. | (medicine, immunology, strictly) Specifically, hypersensitivity of class I in the modern classification thereof: the immunoglobulin E–mediated type.


lexentry: eng/alley__Noun__1
written_rep: alley
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: uliczka | aleja | alejka
sense_list:
A narrow street or passageway, especially one through the middle of a block giving access to the rear of lots of buildings.


lexentry: eng/alliance__Noun__1
written_rep: alliance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alians | sojusz
sense_list:
(uncountable) The state of being allied. | (countable) Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity.


lexentry: eng/alliance__Noun__1
written_rep: alliance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: alians | przymierze | sojusz
sense_list:
(countable) A union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league.


lexentry: eng/allicin__Noun__1
written_rep: allicin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: allicyna
sense_list:
(organic compound) An organic compound, diallyl thiosulfinate, obtained from garlic, with a variety of medicinal and antibacterial properties.


lexentry: eng/allied_health__Noun__1
written_rep: allied health
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pramedyczny
sense_list:
The range of health care services outside the scope of the medicine, dentistry and nursing professions, e.g. music therapy, physiotherapy, optometry, etc.


lexentry: eng/alligator__Noun__1
written_rep: alligator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aligator
sense_list:
Either of two species of large amphibious reptile, Alligator mississippiensis or Alligator sinensis, in the genus Alligator within order Crocodilia, which have sharp teeth and very strong jaws and are native to the Americas and China, respectively.


lexentry: eng/alligator_clip__Noun__1
written_rep: alligator clip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krokodylek
sense_list:
(electronics) A spring-loaded metal clip, usually attached to a wire and used to make temporary electrical connections.


lexentry: eng/alligator_gar__Noun__1
written_rep: alligator gar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: niszczuka krokodyla
sense_list:
A species of gar native to the US, Atractosteus spatula, known for its extremely large size (in excess of 200 lbs).


lexentry: eng/allision__Noun__1
written_rep: allision
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alizja
sense_list:
(nautical) The striking of a vessel against a fixed object; the act of alliding or an instance thereof.


lexentry: eng/alliteration__Noun__1
written_rep: alliteration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aliteracja
sense_list:
The repetition of letters or sounds at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals.


lexentry: eng/allodial__Adjective__1
written_rep: allodial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alodialny
sense_list:
(usually, historical) Pertaining to land owned by someone absolutely, without any feudal obligations; held without acknowledgement of any superior; allodial title. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/allodium__Noun__1
written_rep: allodium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alodium
sense_list:
(dated, or, historical) Freehold land or property; land held in allodial tenure, or one's title to such land.


lexentry: eng/allogamy__Noun__1
written_rep: allogamy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alogamia | obcopylność
sense_list:
(biology) The fertilization of an ovum from one individual with the spermatozoa of another; cross-fertilization


lexentry: eng/allonge__Noun__1
written_rep: allonge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alonż | przedłużek | przedłużka
sense_list:
(legal, banking) A slip of paper attached to a negotiable instrument to hold endorsements should the document itself be unable to hold any more.


lexentry: eng/allosteric__Adjective__1
written_rep: allosteric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: allosteryczny
sense_list:
(biochemistry, of an enzyme) That binds a compound on an inactive site and thus changes macromolecular conformation or dynamics in order to become either active or inactive


lexentry: eng/allotrope__Noun__1
written_rep: allotrope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alotrop
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any form of an element that has a distinctly different molecular structure to another form of the same element, with different physical properties and often different chemical properties. [from 1847]


lexentry: eng/allotropy__Noun__1
written_rep: allotropy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alotropia
sense_list:
(chemistry) A property, exhibited by some elements, of existing in multiple forms with different atomic structures.


lexentry: eng/allow__Verb__1
written_rep: allow
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: wziąć pod uwagę
sense_list:
(transitive) To grant (something) as a deduction or an addition; especially to abate or deduct. | (transitive) To make an allowance, to take into account when making plans.


lexentry: eng/allowance__Noun__1
written_rep: allowance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: pozwolenie
sense_list:
An amount, portion, or share that is allotted or granted; a sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty, or as appropriate for any purpose | (minting) A permissible deviation in the fineness and weight of coins, owing to the difficulty in securing exact conformity to the standard prescribed by law.


lexentry: eng/allowance__Noun__1
written_rep: allowance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 11
trans_list: konkurs
sense_list:
(engineering) A planned deviation between an exact dimension and a nominal or theoretical dimension.


lexentry: eng/alloy__Noun__1
written_rep: alloy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stop | aliaż
sense_list:
A metal that is a combination of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, a base metal.


lexentry: eng/allspice__Noun__1
written_rep: allspice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ziele angielskie
sense_list:
(uncountable) A spice; the dried and ground unripe fruit of Pimenta dioica, thought to combine the flavours of several spices, such as cinnamon, nutmeg and cloves.


lexentry: eng/allusion__Noun__1
written_rep: allusion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aluzja
sense_list:
An indirect reference; a hint; a reference to something supposed to be known, but not explicitly mentioned.


lexentry: eng/alluvium__Noun__1
written_rep: alluvium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aluwium
sense_list:
soil, clay, silt or gravel deposited by flowing water, as it slows, in a river bed, delta, estuary or flood plain


lexentry: eng/ally__Noun__1
written_rep: ally
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: sojusznik | aliant | aliantka | sojuszniczka
sense_list:
A person, group, state, etc., which is associated or united by treaty with another for a common (especially military or political) purpose; a confederate.


lexentry: eng/almah__Noun__1
written_rep: almah
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: almeja
sense_list:
An Egyptian singer or dancing-girl used for entertainment; a dancing-girl, a prostitute. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/almanac__Noun__1
written_rep: almanac
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: almanach
sense_list:
(astronomy, navigation) A book or table listing nautical, astronomical, astrological or other events for the year; sometimes, but not essentially, containing historical and statistical information. | A handbook, typically published annually, containing information on a particular subject.


lexentry: eng/almandine__Noun__1
written_rep: almandine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: almandyn
sense_list:
(mineral) A type of garnet having a deep red color, inclining to purple, with the chemical formula Fe3Al2(SiO4)3.


lexentry: eng/almond__Noun__1
written_rep: almond
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: migdał
sense_list:
(uncountable) The colour of the kernel of an almond without its shell and thin seed coat, a creamy off-white colour.


lexentry: eng/almond_paste__Noun__1
written_rep: almond paste
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pasta migdałowa
sense_list:
A type of confection made from ground almonds and sugar in equal quantities, bound with some syrup or other similar substance in order to form a paste.


lexentry: eng/almost__Adverb__1
written_rep: almost
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: prawie | niemal
sense_list:
(mathematics) Up to, except for a negligible set (where negligible is not universally but contextually defined). | (measure theory, probability theory) Up to a null set; except for a set of measure 0.


lexentry: eng/almucantar__Noun__1
written_rep: almucantar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: almukantar | almukantarat
sense_list:
(astronomy, archaic, or, historical) A small circle on the celestial sphere, parallel to the horizon, that is used in astronomy and navigation to show altitude of a star or any other heavenly body.


lexentry: eng/alnico__Noun__1
written_rep: alnico
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alniko
sense_list:
An alloy of aluminium, nickel and cobalt, sometimes alloyed with smaller amounts of iron, copper, titanium and used primarily in the manufacture of magnets.


lexentry: eng/alocasia__Noun__1
written_rep: alocasia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alokazja | zakleśń
sense_list:
Any of several tropical Asian plants, of the genus Alocasia, having heart- or arrowhead-shaped leaves.


lexentry: eng/aloe__Noun__1
written_rep: aloe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aloes
sense_list:
(in the plural) The resins of the tree Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. Aquilaria agallocha), known for their fragrant aroma, produced after infection by the fungus Phialophora parasitica. | Any plant of the large and variable genus Aloe.


lexentry: eng/aloe_vera__Noun__1
written_rep: aloe vera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aloes zwyczajny
sense_list:
A plant of the species Aloe vera, grown as an ornamental, thought to have medicinal value; an extract, often a gel, made from the plant.


lexentry: eng/aloha_shirt__Noun__1
written_rep: aloha shirt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koszula hawajska
sense_list:
A collared shirt of a type originating in Hawaii, often brilliantly colored with floral or Polynesian patterns. [from 1930s]


lexentry: eng/along__Preposition__1
written_rep: along
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wzdłuż | po
sense_list:
By the length of; in a line with the length of; lengthwise next to. | In a line with, with a progressive motion on; onward on; forward on.


lexentry: eng/alopecia__Noun__1
written_rep: alopecia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: alopecja | łysienie
sense_list:
(medicine) Loss of hair (especially on the head) or loss of wool or feathers, whether natural or caused by disease.


lexentry: eng/alpaca__Noun__1
written_rep: alpaca
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alpaka
sense_list:
A sheep-like domesticated animal of the Andes, Vicugna pacos, in the camel family, closely related to the llama, guanaco, and vicuña. | A garment made of such wool.


lexentry: eng/alpha__Noun__1
written_rep: alpha
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alfa
sense_list:
The name of the first letter of the Greek alphabet (Α, α), followed by beta. In the Latin alphabet it is the predecessor to A.


lexentry: eng/alpha_female__Noun__1
written_rep: alpha female
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: samica alfa
sense_list:
(zoology, ethology) The dominant female in a social or group hierarchy. | (by extension) A self-assured, independent, self-driven, influential, or strong woman; an alphette.


lexentry: eng/alpha_fucks,_beta_bucks__Phrase__1
written_rep: alpha fucks, beta bucks
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alfa szmaci, beta płaci
sense_list:
(vulgar, slang) Women prefer sex with alpha males but are willing to use beta males as a source of financial support.


lexentry: eng/alpha_male__Noun__1
written_rep: alpha male
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: samiec alfa
sense_list:
(zoology, ethology) The dominant male in a group of animals. | (by extension) A dominant, assertive, protective, oftentimes successful, leadership-type man or male. [from 1990s]


lexentry: eng/alpha_particle__Noun__1
written_rep: alpha particle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cząstka alfa
sense_list:
(physics) A doubly positively charged nucleus of a helium-4 atom (consisting of two protons and two neutrons), emitted as a consequence of radioactivity; α-particle


lexentry: eng/alpha_version__Noun__1
written_rep: alpha version
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wersja alfa
sense_list:
(computer, technology) An early version of a program or application, typically unstable, but useful to show what the product will do. Sometimes this stage is referred to as a preview version. Sometimes no more features are added after this release, but bug fixes continue. This release comes after a pre-alpha version and before a beta version. As opposed to a beta version an alpha version is usually not feature complete.


lexentry: eng/alphabet__Noun__1
written_rep: alphabet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alfabet | abecadło
sense_list:
The set of letters used when writing in a language. | A writing system in which letters represent phonemes. (Contrast e.g. logography, a writing system in which each character represents a word, and syllabary, in which each character represents a syllable.)


lexentry: eng/alphabetical_order__Noun__1
written_rep: alphabetical order
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: porządek alfabetyczny
sense_list:
The sequence of a collection of items (such as words in a dictionary) arranged in order by position in the alphabet.


lexentry: eng/alphanumeric__Adjective__1
written_rep: alphanumeric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alfanumeryczny
sense_list:
Consisting of, or limited to, letters and/or numbers, especially the characters A to Z (lowercase and uppercase) and 0 to 9.


lexentry: eng/alphasyllabary__Noun__1
written_rep: alphasyllabary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abugida
sense_list:
A segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary; an abugida.


lexentry: eng/alphorn__Noun__1
written_rep: alphorn
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: róg alpejski
sense_list:
(musical instruments) A long, curved, wooden horn used by mountain-dwelling herders in the Alps, originally to call cattle but now only as musical instrument in classical and folk tunes.


lexentry: eng/alpine__Adjective__1
written_rep: alpine
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alpejski
sense_list:
Of, relating to, or inhabiting mountains, especially above the timberline. | (skiing) Of or relating to slalom and downhill skiing.


lexentry: eng/alpine_chough__Noun__1
written_rep: alpine chough
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wieszczek
sense_list:
A species of bird in the crow family (Corvidae) (Pyrrhocorax graculus), that breeds locally in the highest mountains of southern Europe, the Alps, across central Asia and India.


lexentry: eng/alt-right__Noun__1
written_rep: alt-right
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alt-right | neoreakcja
sense_list:
(uncountable) An amorphous movement of right-wing white nationalists opposed to multiculturalism and egalitarianism by race and sex, mostly active on the Internet. | (countable, rare) A member of the alt-right; an alt-righter.


lexentry: eng/alt_key__Noun__1
written_rep: alt key
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alt
sense_list:
(computing) A key on a personal computer or terminal keyboard used in combination to alter the function of other keys.


lexentry: eng/altar_server__Noun__1
written_rep: altar server
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ministrant
sense_list:
(Christianity) A layperson, often a child or adolescent, who assists a member of the clergy during a Christian liturgy, attending to supporting tasks at the altar.


lexentry: eng/altazimuth__Noun__1
written_rep: altazimuth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: altazymut
sense_list:
A telescope or surveying instrument that has a mount permitting both horizontal and vertical rotation.


lexentry: eng/alter_ego__Noun__1
written_rep: alter ego
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: alter ego | drugie ja
sense_list:
(law) A corporation used by a person to conduct personal business in an attempt to shield himself or herself from personal liability, and which a court may penetrate by "piercing the corporate veil" to impose liability on the person when they commit fraud or injustice.


lexentry: eng/alternate__Adjective__1
written_rep: alternate
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alternować
sense_list:
Happening by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place; first one and then the other (repeatedly).


lexentry: eng/alternating__Adjective__1
written_rep: alternating
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alternujący
sense_list:
That alternates. | (mathematics, of a series) Having terms that alternate between positive and negative.


lexentry: eng/alternating_current__Noun__1
written_rep: alternating current
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prąd przemienny | prąd zmienny
sense_list:
(physics) An electric current in which the direction of flow of the electrons reverses periodically.


lexentry: eng/alternation__Noun__1
written_rep: alternation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alternacja
sense_list:
The reciprocal succession of (normally two) things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence


lexentry: eng/alternative__Adjective__1
written_rep: alternative
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alternatywny
sense_list:
Relating to a choice between two or more possibilities. | Other; different from something else. | Not traditional, outside the mainstream, underground.


lexentry: eng/alternative__Noun__1
written_rep: alternative
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alternatywa | dysjunkcja
sense_list:
A situation which allows a mutually exclusive choice between two or more possibilities; a choice between two or more possibilities. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/alternative_medicine__Noun__1
written_rep: alternative medicine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: medycyna niekonwencjonalna
sense_list:
Any of various medical methods and practices used in place of, or as well as, conventional (scientific) medicine.


lexentry: eng/alternativity__Noun__1
written_rep: alternativity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alternatywność
sense_list:
A characteristic of something having alternative connotations, akin to the representation of choice between two or more possibilities.


lexentry: eng/alternator__Noun__1
written_rep: alternator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alternator
sense_list:
(electrical engineering) An electric generator which produces alternating current through mechanical means.


lexentry: eng/although__Conjunction__1
written_rep: although
part_of_speech: conjunction
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chociaż | aczkolwiek | choć | acz | lubo | mimo że
sense_list:
Though, even though, in spite of or despite the fact that: introducing a clause that expresses a concession.


lexentry: eng/altitude_sickness__Noun__1
written_rep: altitude sickness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: choroba wysokościowa
sense_list:
(medicine) A pathological condition caused by oxygen deficiency at high altitudes; symptoms include shortness of breath, nausea, and nosebleed.


lexentry: eng/alto__Noun__1
written_rep: alto
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alt
sense_list:
A musical part or section higher than tenor and lower than soprano, formerly the part that performed a countermelody above the tenor or main melody.


lexentry: eng/altocumulus__Noun__1
written_rep: altocumulus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: altocumulus
sense_list:
(physics, meteorology) A fleecy cloud formation consisting of large whitish or greyish globular cloudlets with shaded portions, often grouped in flocks or rows. (Abbreviated Ac.)


lexentry: eng/altostratus__Noun__1
written_rep: altostratus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: altostratus
sense_list:
(physics, meteorology) A principal medium-level cloud type in the form of a gray or bluish (never white) sheet or layer of striated, fibrous, or uniform appearance.


lexentry: eng/altruism__Noun__1
written_rep: altruism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: altruizm
sense_list:
Regard for others, both natural and moral without regard for oneself; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness. | (biology, sociobiology) Action or behaviour that benefits another or others at some cost to the performer.


lexentry: eng/aludel__Noun__1
written_rep: aludel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aludel
sense_list:
A pear-shaped pot with an opening at each end, formerly used, especially by alchemists, for sublimation.


lexentry: eng/alum__Noun__1
written_rep: alum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ałun
sense_list:
An astringent salt, usually occurring in the form of pale crystals, much used in the dyeing and tanning trade and in certain medicines, and now understood to be a double sulphate of potassium and aluminium (K2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O). [from 14th c.] | (inorganic compound) Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/alumina__Noun__1
written_rep: alumina
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tlenek glinu
sense_list:
Aluminum oxide, especially when used in mining, material sciences or ceramics, a refractory solid compound.


lexentry: eng/aluminium__Noun__1
written_rep: aluminium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: glin | aluminium
sense_list:
A light, silvery metal extracted from bauxite, and a chemical element (symbol Al) with an atomic number of 13.


lexentry: eng/aluminium_foil__Noun__1
written_rep: aluminium foil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: folia aluminiowa
sense_list:
(Australia, Britain, New Zealand) A very thin, pliable, easily torn sheet of aluminium used for cooking, packaging, cosmetics, and insulation.


lexentry: eng/aluminium_oxide__Noun__1
written_rep: aluminium oxide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tritlenek diglinu
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) The solid, Al2O3, commonly known as alumina; it occurs as bauxite, sapphire, ruby and other forms; it is used in the manufacture of ceramics


lexentry: eng/alunite__Noun__1
written_rep: alunite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ałunit
sense_list:
(mineral) A gray whitish, water-soluble mineral, potassium aluminium sulphate; the natural source of alum, KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6.


lexentry: eng/alveolar__Adjective__1
written_rep: alveolar
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: dziąsłowy | alweolarny
sense_list:
(phonetics) Formed with the tongue touching or approaching the inner ridge of the gums of the upper front teeth.


lexentry: eng/alveolar_ridge__Noun__1
written_rep: alveolar ridge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wał dziąsłowy
sense_list:
(anatomy) A ridge that forms the borders of the maxilla and the mandible and contains the alveoli of the teeth.


lexentry: eng/alveolus__Noun__1
written_rep: alveolus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pęcherzyk płucny
sense_list:
(anatomy) Any of the many tiny air sacs in the lungs in which the bronchioles terminate and where oxygen and carbon dioxide are rapidly exchanged with the pulmonary capillaries.


lexentry: eng/alveopalatal__Adjective__1
written_rep: alveopalatal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alweopalatalny | dziąsłowo-podniebienny | przedniopodniebienny
sense_list:
(phonetics) Of or relating to those consonants that are intermediate in articulation between the coronal and dorsal consonants.


lexentry: eng/alveopalatal__Noun__1
written_rep: alveopalatal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
(phonetics) Any consonant that is intermediate in articulation between the coronal and dorsal consonants.

trans_list:
spółgłoska [[dziąsłowo-podniebienny|dziąsłowo-podniebienna]] | spółgłoska alweopalatalna | spółgłoska przedniopodniebienna


lexentry: eng/always__Adverb__1
written_rep: always
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zawsze | ciągle | stale
sense_list:
Constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals (opposed to sometimes or occasionally).


lexentry: eng/alyssum__Noun__1
written_rep: alyssum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: smagliczka
sense_list:
Any of several plants, of the genus Alyssum, mostly of Eurasian origin, that have racemes of white or yellow flowers.


lexentry: eng/amadou__Noun__1
written_rep: amadou
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: hubka
sense_list:
A spongy, flammable substance prepared from bracket fungi, formerly used as a styptic and as tinder.


lexentry: eng/amalgamation__Noun__1
written_rep: amalgamation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amalgamacja
sense_list:
The process of amalgamating; a mixture, merger or consolidation. | (specifically) The production of an alloy of mercury and another metal, especially used in antiquity to extract gold and silver from ores.


lexentry: eng/amanitin__Noun__1
written_rep: amanitin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amanityna
sense_list:
(protein) A deadly amatoxin found in Amanita phalloides (the death cap), the four destroying angels (Amanita bisporigera, Amanita ocreata, Amanita verna, and Amanita virosa), and some other amanitas.


lexentry: eng/amanuensis__Noun__1
written_rep: amanuensis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pisarz
sense_list:
One employed to take dictation, or copy manuscripts. | A clerk, secretary or stenographer, or scribe.


lexentry: eng/amaretto__Noun__1
written_rep: amaretto
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amaretto
sense_list:
(uncountable, countable) A sweet-bitter liqueur originating from Italy (but also produced in Turkey), flavored with almonds and a secret blend-specific mix of some 200 ingredients such as the pits from apricots, peaches, cherries or other stone fruits.


lexentry: eng/amateur__Adjective__1
written_rep: amateur
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: amatorski
sense_list:
Created, done, or populated by amateurs or non-professionals. | Showing a lack of professionalism, experience or talent.


lexentry: eng/amateur__Noun__1
written_rep: amateur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: amator | amatorka
sense_list:
A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, science, or art (such as music or painting), especially one who cultivates any study, interest, taste, or attachment without engaging in it professionally. | Someone who is unqualified or insufficiently skillful.


lexentry: eng/amateur_radio__Noun__1
written_rep: amateur radio
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krótkofalarstwo
sense_list:
The hobby or pastime of communicating by two-way radio, often striving for “DX” QSOs that are challenging because of distance.


lexentry: eng/amateurish__Adjective__1
written_rep: amateurish
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amatorski
sense_list:
(pejorative) Suggesting or reflecting the efforts of an amateur; not seeming professional or polished.


lexentry: eng/amazed__Adjective__1
written_rep: amazed
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zdumiony
sense_list:
Astonished or confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder; greatly surprised (often with ensuing adpositions e.g. at, with, or by).


lexentry: eng/amazement__Noun__1
written_rep: amazement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zdumienie
sense_list:
(uncountable) The condition of being amazed; a state of overwhelming wonder, as from surprise or sudden fear, horror, or admiration; astonishment.


lexentry: eng/amazingly__Adverb__1
written_rep: amazingly
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zaskakująco | zdumiewająco
sense_list:
In an amazing manner; in a way that causes amazement; wonderfully. | Difficult to believe; strange but true.


lexentry: eng/ambassador__Noun__1
written_rep: ambassador
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ambasador | ambasadorka
sense_list:
A minister of the highest rank sent to a foreign court to represent there his sovereign or country. (Sometimes called ambassador-in-residence) | An official messenger and representative.


lexentry: eng/amber__Noun__1
written_rep: amber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bursztyn | jantar
sense_list:
A hard, generally yellow to brown translucent or transparent fossil resin from extinct coniferous trees of the pine genus, used for jewellery, decoration and later dissolved as a binder in varnishes. One variety, blue amber, appears blue rather than yellow under direct sunlight. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/amber__Noun__1
written_rep: amber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: żółte
sense_list:
(British, AU) The intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights, which when illuminated indicates that drivers should stop when safe to do so. See also yellow light.


lexentry: eng/ambergris__Noun__1
written_rep: ambergris
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ambra
sense_list:
A solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish color, produced in the intestines of the sperm whale. It is used in perfumes.


lexentry: eng/amberjack__Noun__1
written_rep: amberjack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kaszalot
sense_list:
Any of several large food and game yellowtail fishes of the genus Seriola, found in warm waters of all oceans.


lexentry: eng/ambigram__Noun__1
written_rep: ambigram
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ambigram
sense_list:
A calligraphic design that may be read as the same word or phrase (or sometimes different words or phrases) when oriented in two different ways, usually when reflected along a vertical or horizontal axis or when rotated through 180 degrees.


lexentry: eng/ambiguity__Noun__1
written_rep: ambiguity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wieloznaczność
sense_list:
(countable) words or statements that are open to more than one interpretation, explanation or meaning, especially if that meaning cannot be determined from its context.


lexentry: eng/ambiophonics__Noun__1
written_rep: ambiophonics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ambiofonia
sense_list:
A technique using digital signal processing and two loudspeakers directly in front of the listener in order to improve reproduction of stereophonic and surround sound.


lexentry: eng/ambition__Noun__1
written_rep: ambition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ambicja
sense_list:
(uncountable, countable) Eager or inordinate desire for some object that confers distinction, as preferment, honor, superiority, political power, or fame; desire to distinguish one's self from other people. | (countable) An object of an ardent desire. | (uncountable) A personal quality similar to motivation, not necessarily tied to a single goal. | (obsolete) The act of going about to solicit or obtain an office, or any other object of desire; canvassing.


lexentry: eng/ambitious__Adjective__1
written_rep: ambitious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ambitny | ambicjonalny
sense_list:
(of a person or their character) Having or showing ambition; wanting a lot of power, honor, respect, superiority, or other distinction.


lexentry: eng/ambivalence__Noun__1
written_rep: ambivalence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ambiwalencja
sense_list:
The coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings (such as love and hate) towards a person, object or idea.


lexentry: eng/ambivalent__Adjective__1
written_rep: ambivalent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ambiwalentny
sense_list:
Simultaneously experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings, beliefs, or motivations.


lexentry: eng/ambivert__Noun__1
written_rep: ambivert
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ambiwertyk
sense_list:
(psychology) A person who is neither clearly extroverted nor introverted, but has characteristics of each.


lexentry: eng/amblygonite__Noun__1
written_rep: amblygonite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ambligonit
sense_list:
(mineral) A mineral, a mixed fluoride and aluminophosphate of sodium and lithium that is an important ore of lithium.


lexentry: eng/amblyopia__Noun__1
written_rep: amblyopia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ambliopia | niedowidzenie
sense_list:
Dimness or blurring of the eyesight due to a fault in transmission of signals to the brain from an otherwise healthy eye.


lexentry: eng/ambrosia__Noun__1
written_rep: ambrosia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: ambrozja
sense_list:
Any fungus of a number of species that insects such as ambrosia beetles carry as symbionts, "farming" them on poor-quality food such as wood, where they grow, providing food for the insect.


lexentry: eng/ambulance__Noun__1
written_rep: ambulance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karetka | ambulans
sense_list:
An emergency vehicle designed for transporting seriously ill or injured people to a hospital. [1854]


lexentry: eng/ambush_marketing__Noun__1
written_rep: ambush marketing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: marketing pasożytniczy | marketing podstępny
sense_list:
(business) A marketing strategy wherein advertisers associate themselves with, and therefore capitalize on, a particular event without paying any sponsorship fee.


lexentry: eng/ameliorative__Adjective__1
written_rep: ameliorative
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: amelioracyjny
sense_list:
(philosophy) Of or relating to conceptual engineering, the normative study of which conceptual demarcation is most conducive to solve the problems the concept is a priori taken to solve.


lexentry: eng/amen__Interjection__1
written_rep: amen
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amen
sense_list:
At the end of religious prayers: so be it. | An expression of strong agreement, often in the phrase "Amen to that!"


lexentry: eng/amend__Verb__1
written_rep: amend
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: poprawiać się | poprawić się
sense_list:
(intransitive) To become better. | (obsolete, intransitive) To be healed, to be cured, to recover (from an illness).


lexentry: eng/amendment__Noun__1
written_rep: amendment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: nowela | nowelizacja | poprawka
sense_list:
In public bodies, any alteration made or proposed to be made in a bill or motion that adds, changes, substitutes, or omits.


lexentry: eng/amenity__Noun__1
written_rep: amenity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: udogodnienie
sense_list:
Pleasantness. | A thing or circumstance that is welcome and makes life a little easier or more pleasant.


lexentry: eng/amenity__Noun__1
written_rep: amenity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: miejsce
sense_list:
(cartography) A unit pertaining to the infrastructure of a community, such as a public toilet, a postbox, a library, etc.


lexentry: eng/ametropia__Noun__1
written_rep: ametropia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ametropia
sense_list:
(medicine, ophthalmology) Any of several disorders of the eye (spherical or cylindrical) resulting from faulty refractive ability.


lexentry: eng/amide__Noun__1
written_rep: amide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amid
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any derivative of an oxoacid in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group; especially such derivatives of a carboxylic acid, the carboxamides or acid amides


lexentry: eng/amino_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: amino acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aminokwas
sense_list:
(amino acid) Any organic compound containing both an amino and a carboxylic acid functional group. | (amino acid) Any of the twenty naturally occurring α-amino acids (having the amino, and carboxylic acid groups on the same carbon atom), and a variety of side chains, that combine, via peptide bonds, to form proteins.


lexentry: eng/amino_sugar__Noun__1
written_rep: amino sugar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aminocukier | aminosacharyd
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) any monosaccharide in which a single hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino group


lexentry: eng/aminoacylation__Noun__1
written_rep: aminoacylation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aminoacylacja | aminoacylowanie
sense_list:
(biochemistry, organic chemistry) The addition of an aminoacyl group to a compound, especially as part of the process of synthesizing proteins via aminoacyl tRNA synthetase


lexentry: eng/aminopeptidase__Noun__1
written_rep: aminopeptidase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aminopeptydaza
sense_list:
(enzyme) Any of several enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the peptide bond of the terminal amino acid at the amino end of a polypeptide or protein


lexentry: eng/amity__Noun__1
written_rep: amity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyjaźń
sense_list:
(formal, literary) Friendship. The cooperative and supportive relationship between people, or animals. In this sense, the term connotes a relationship which involves mutual knowledge, esteem, affection, and respect along with a degree of rendering service to friends in times of need or crisis.


lexentry: eng/ammonia__Noun__1
written_rep: ammonia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amoniak
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) A gaseous compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3, with a pungent smell and taste.


lexentry: eng/ammonification__Noun__1
written_rep: ammonification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amonifikacja
sense_list:
(biochemistry) The formation of ammonia or its compounds from nitrogenous compounds, especially as a result of bacterial decomposition.


lexentry: eng/ammonite__Noun__1
written_rep: ammonite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amonit
sense_list:
(paleontology) Any of an extinct group of cephalopods of the subclass Ammonoidea; a fossil shell of such an animal.


lexentry: eng/ammonite__Noun__2
written_rep: ammonite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amonit
sense_list:
An explosive prepared from a mixture of TNT and ammonium nitrate; a form of amatol, popular in Eastern Europe and China.


lexentry: eng/ammonium_nitrate__Noun__1
written_rep: ammonium nitrate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: azotan amonu
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) The ammonium salt of nitric acid, NH4NO3; it is used in fertilizers and explosives (notoriously in improvised explosive devices, though its main importance is as an explosive in its own right and in mixtures such as amatol and ANFO).


lexentry: eng/ammunition__Noun__1
written_rep: ammunition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amunicja | strzeliwo
sense_list:
Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps, rockets, etc.


lexentry: eng/amnesty__Noun__1
written_rep: amnesty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: amnestia
sense_list:
An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion, or a general pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned in an insurrection.


lexentry: eng/amniocentesis__Noun__1
written_rep: amniocentesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amniocenteza | amniopunkcja
sense_list:
(medicine) A procedure for obtaining amniotic fluid from a pregnant animal, by inserting a hollow needle through the abdominal wall and into the amniotic sac. Used in diagnosing possible genetic defects and/or obstetric complications.


lexentry: eng/amnion__Noun__1
written_rep: amnion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amnion | owodnia
sense_list:
(anatomy) The innermost membrane of the fetal membranes of reptiles, birds, and mammals; the sac in which the embryo is suspended.


lexentry: eng/amniote__Noun__1
written_rep: amniote
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: owodniowiec
sense_list:
(biology) Any of the Amniota group of vertebrates having an amnion during the development of the embryo; mammals, birds and reptiles.


lexentry: eng/amniotic_fluid__Noun__1
written_rep: amniotic fluid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wody płodowe | płyn owodniowy
sense_list:
(zoology) In placental mammals, a fluid contained within the amnion membrane that surrounds a developing embryo or fetus.


lexentry: eng/amoeba__Noun__1
written_rep: amoeba
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ameba | pełzak
sense_list:
(biology) A member of the genus Amoeba of unicellular protozoa that moves by means of temporary projections called pseudopodia.


lexentry: eng/amoebiasis__Noun__1
written_rep: amoebiasis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: amebiaza | ameboza | pełzakowica
sense_list:
(medicine) An infectious disease caused by the parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica; amoebic dysentery.


lexentry: eng/amortization__Noun__1
written_rep: amortization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: amortyzacja
sense_list:
The distribution of the cost of an intangible asset, such as an intellectual property right, over the projected useful life of the asset.


lexentry: eng/amortize__Verb__1
written_rep: amortize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amortyzować | zamortyzować
sense_list:
(real estate, real estate law, transitive) To alienate (property) in mortmain. | (business, finance, transitive) To wipe out (a debt, liability etc.) gradually or in installments.


lexentry: eng/amount__Noun__1
written_rep: amount
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwota | ilość | liczba | suma
sense_list:
The total, aggregate or sum of material (not applicable to discrete numbers or units or items in standard English).


lexentry: eng/amp__Verb__1
written_rep: amp
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: pchać
sense_list:
(colloquial, usually, with up) To excite. | (colloquial, usually, with up) To connect to amplifiers.


lexentry: eng/ampelography__Noun__1
written_rep: ampelography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ampelografia
sense_list:
(botany, oenology) The discipline within botany concerned with the taxonomy of cultivars in the grapevine genus, Vitis.


lexentry: eng/ampere-hour__Noun__1
written_rep: ampere-hour
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amperogodzina
sense_list:
(physics) a unit of electric charge, equal to the charge transferred by a current of one ampere in one hour through a specified point in a circuit, equal to 3600 coulombs.


lexentry: eng/ampere__Noun__1
written_rep: ampere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amper
sense_list:
A unit of electrical current, the standard base unit in the International System of Units; colloquially amp. Abbreviation: amp, Symbol: A


lexentry: eng/amperometry__Noun__1
written_rep: amperometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amperometria
sense_list:
(physical chemistry) An analytical technique that involves the continuous measurement of electric current during a reaction or titration


lexentry: eng/amphibian__Noun__1
written_rep: amphibian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: płaz | amfibia
sense_list:
An animal of the Amphibia; any four-legged vertebrate that does not have amniotic eggs, living both on land and in water. | A vehicle which can operate on both land and water.


lexentry: eng/amphibole__Noun__1
written_rep: amphibole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amfibol
sense_list:
(mineral) Any of a large group of structurally similar hydrated double silicate minerals, containing various combinations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminium.


lexentry: eng/amphibrach__Noun__1
written_rep: amphibrach
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: amfibrach
sense_list:
(prosody) A metrical foot in modern prosody, consisting of three syllables, the middle one of which is stressed (e.g. Jamaica).


lexentry: eng/amphibrachic__Adjective__1
written_rep: amphibrachic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amfibrachiczny
sense_list:
Consisting of amphibrachs, metrical feet consisting of either a long syllable between two that are short, or an accented syllable between two that are not accented.


lexentry: eng/amphictyony__Noun__1
written_rep: amphictyony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amfiktionia
sense_list:
A religious foundation or co-operative shared between Greek city states during the classical period, typically to support the temple or cult of a deity shared by the city states. Also used academically to refer to similar arrangements in non-Greek cultures.


lexentry: eng/amphiprotic__Adjective__1
written_rep: amphiprotic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amfoteryczny
sense_list:
(chemistry) Able to both donate and accept a proton, and thus able to react both as an acid and a base; amphoteric.


lexentry: eng/amphisbaena__Noun__1
written_rep: amphisbaena
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amfisbaena
sense_list:
(mythological creature) A mythical serpent having a head at each end of its body, able to move in either direction.


lexentry: eng/amphitheatre__Noun__1
written_rep: amphitheatre
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amfiteatr
sense_list:
An open, outdoor theatre (which may be a theatre in the round, or have a stage with seating on only one side), especially one from the classical period of ancient Greece or Rome, or a modern venue of similar design.


lexentry: eng/amphora__Noun__1
written_rep: amphora
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amfora
sense_list:
(chiefly, _, historical) A large vessel, especially a thin-necked clay vat used in ancient Greece and Rome for storing and transporting wine and oil.


lexentry: eng/amphoric__Adjective__1
written_rep: amphoric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: amforyczny
sense_list:
(medicine) Produced by or indicating a hollow cavity in the lungs, giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an empty decanter.


lexentry: eng/amphoteric__Adjective__1
written_rep: amphoteric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amfoteryczny
sense_list:
(chemistry) Having the characteristics of both an acid and a base, and capable of reacting as either; amphiprotic. [from 1832]


lexentry: eng/amplification__Noun__1
written_rep: amplification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: amplifikacja
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) A procedure used in the nomenclature of complex organic compounds in which the superatoms of a basic structure (a phane) are replaced by cyclic structures (amplificants). | (translation studies) A translation technique that involves adding content that is not present in the source text to the target text, usually to improve the fluency of the translation.


lexentry: eng/amplifier__Noun__1
written_rep: amplifier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amplifikator | wzmacniacz
sense_list:
Anything that amplifies, or makes something larger or more intense. | (electronics) An appliance or circuit that increases the strength of a weak electrical signal without changing the other characteristics of the signal.


lexentry: eng/amplify__Verb__1
written_rep: amplify
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amplifikować
sense_list:
(transitive) To render larger, more extended, or more intense. | (transitive, rhetorical) To enlarge by addition or commenting; to treat copiously by adding particulars, illustrations, etc.; to expand. | (transitive) To increase the amplitude of something, especially of an electric current.


lexentry: eng/amplitude__Noun__1
written_rep: amplitude
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amplituda
sense_list:
The measure of something's size, especially in terms of width or breadth; largeness, magnitude. | (mathematics) The maximum absolute value of the vertical component of a curve or function, especially one that is periodic. | (physics) The maximum absolute value of some quantity that varies.


lexentry: eng/amplitude_modulation__Noun__1
written_rep: amplitude modulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: modulacja amplitudy | modulacja amplitudowa
sense_list:
(radio) A method of sending information by modifying (modulating) the intensity (amplitude) of a carrier wave.


lexentry: eng/amulet__Noun__1
written_rep: amulet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amulet
sense_list:
A kind of protective charm or ornament, often bearing magical symbols, worn for protection against ill will, negative influences, or evil spirits.


lexentry: eng/amuse__Verb__1
written_rep: amuse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bawić | zabawiać | rozbawić | rozerwać
sense_list:
(transitive) To entertain or occupy (someone or something) in a pleasant manner; to stir (someone) with pleasing emotions.


lexentry: eng/amygdala__Noun__1
written_rep: amygdala
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ciało migdałowate
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) Each one of the two regions of the brain, located as a pair in the medial temporal lobe, believed to play a key role in processing emotions, such as fear and pleasure, in both animals and humans.


lexentry: eng/amygdalin__Noun__1
written_rep: amygdalin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amigdalina
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A glycoside of benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide found in bitter almonds, and in the kernels of some other fruit.


lexentry: eng/amylase__Noun__1
written_rep: amylase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amylaza | diastaza
sense_list:
(enzyme) Any of a class of digestive enzymes, present in saliva and also contributed to the gut by the exocrine pancreas, that break down complex carbohydrates such as starch into simpler sugars such as glucose.


lexentry: eng/amyloidosis__Noun__1
written_rep: amyloidosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amyloidoza | skrobiawica
sense_list:
(medicine) Any of a group of disorders in which the fibrous protein amyloid is deposited in an organ of the body.


lexentry: eng/amyloplast__Noun__1
written_rep: amyloplast
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amyloplast
sense_list:
(biology) A specialized leucoplast responsible for the storage of amylopectin through the polymerization of glucose.


lexentry: eng/amylose__Noun__1
written_rep: amylose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amyloza
sense_list:
(carbohydrate) The soluble form of starch (the insoluble form being amylopectin) that is a linear polymer of glucose.


lexentry: eng/amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis__Noun__1
written_rep: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stwardnienie zanikowe boczne
sense_list:
(neurology, pathology) A chronic, progressive disease characterized by degeneration of the central nervous system and the loss of voluntary muscle control.


lexentry: eng/an_arm_and_a_leg__Noun__1
written_rep: an arm and a leg
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kosztować majątek
sense_list:
(idiomatic, hyperbole) Usually used after the verb cost, but also often charge, pay, and spend: a very high price for an item or service; an exorbitant price


lexentry: eng/an_eye_for_an_eye,_a_tooth_for_a_tooth__Proverb__1
written_rep: an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oko za oko, ząb za ząb
sense_list:
(idiomatic) compensation for injury caused by a person, in the form of inflicting of an identical injury on that person.


lexentry: eng/anabasine__Noun__1
written_rep: anabasine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anabazyna
sense_list:
A pyridine alkaloid similar to nicotine, found in Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco), a close relative of the common tobacco plant, formerly used as an insecticide.


lexentry: eng/anabiosis__Noun__1
written_rep: anabiosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anabioza
sense_list:
(biology) A state of suspended animation, especially during extreme drought; the act of recovering from this state.


lexentry: eng/anachronism__Noun__1
written_rep: anachronism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anachronizm | anachroniczność
sense_list:
A chronological mistake; the erroneous dating of an event, circumstance, or object. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.] | A person or thing which seems to belong to a different time or period of time. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anachronistic__Adjective__1
written_rep: anachronistic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anachroniczny
sense_list:
Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism; in a wrong time; not applicable to or not appropriate for the time. | (of a person) Having opinions from the past; preferring things or values of the past; behind the times; overly conservative.


lexentry: eng/anaconda__Noun__1
written_rep: anaconda
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anakonda
sense_list:
Any of various large nonvenomous snakes of the genus Eunectes, found mainly in northern South America. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anacreontic__Adjective__1
written_rep: anacreontic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anakreontyczny
sense_list:
(prosody) Pertaining to the style of the Greek poet Anacreon, who wrote of wine and love; (specifically) designating a metre based on an anaclastic ionic dimeter. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/anacrusis__Noun__1
written_rep: anacrusis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przedtakt | anakruza
sense_list:
(prosody) An unstressed syllable at the start of a verse. | (music) An unstressed note or notes before the first strong beat (or downbeat) of a phrase.


lexentry: eng/anadiplosis__Noun__1
written_rep: anadiplosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anadiploza
sense_list:
(figure of speech) A figure of speech in which a word or phrase used at the end of a clause or expression is repeated near the beginning of the next clause or expression.


lexentry: eng/anaerobically__Adverb__1
written_rep: anaerobically
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: beztlenowo
sense_list:
In an anaerobic manner; in a way that does not require oxygen. Generally used of metabolic processes.


lexentry: eng/anagenesis__Noun__1
written_rep: anagenesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anageneza
sense_list:
The evolution of a new species by the large scale change in gene frequency so that the new species replaces the old rather than branching to produce an additional species.


lexentry: eng/anaglyph__Noun__1
written_rep: anaglyph
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anaglif
sense_list:
A decorative ornament worked in low relief or bas relief, such as a piece of cameo jewelry. | A matched pair of images designed to produce a three-dimensional effect when viewed using spectacles that have usually one red and one bluish-green lens, corresponding to the colors of the pairs of images.


lexentry: eng/anagnorisis__Noun__1
written_rep: anagnorisis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anagnoryzm
sense_list:
The moment in the plot of a drama in which the hero makes a discovery that explains previously unexplained events or situations; a denouement.


lexentry: eng/anal-retentive__Adjective__1
written_rep: anal-retentive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cywilne
sense_list:
(psychology, Freudian) Preoccupied with achieving perfection, order and control and with collecting, possessing, and retaining objects.


lexentry: eng/anal__Adjective__1
written_rep: anal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: analny | odbytowy
sense_list:
(psychoanalysis) Of the stage in psychosexual development when the child's interest is alleged to be concentrated on the anal region. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anal__Adjective__1
written_rep: anal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: pedantyczny
sense_list:
(psychology) Of a person, compulsive and stubborn, obsessed with neatness and accuracy, supposedly from not having progressed beyond the anal stage. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anal_sex__Noun__1
written_rep: anal sex
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: seks analny | anal | branie do dupy | branie w dupę
sense_list:
A sexual activity involving stimulation of a sexual partner's anus or rectum, especially by penetration with a penis or object.


lexentry: eng/analcime__Noun__1
written_rep: analcime
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: analcym
sense_list:
(mineral) A sodium aluminosilicate with a chemical formula NaAlSi2O6·H2O, having a zeolite structure, found in alkaline basalts.


lexentry: eng/analgesic__Noun__1
written_rep: analgesic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: analgetyk | lek przeciwbólowy
sense_list:
(pharmacology) Any medicine, such as aspirin, that reduces pain, especially without inducing a loss of other sensation. (Contrast anesthetic.)


lexentry: eng/analog-to-digital_converter__Noun__1
written_rep: analog-to-digital converter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przetwornik analogowo-cyfrowy
sense_list:
(electronics) A device that converts an infinite resolution analog signal to a finite resolution digital signal.


lexentry: eng/analog__Adjective__1
written_rep: analog
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: analogowy
sense_list:
(of a device or system) In which the value of a data item (such as time) is represented by a continuous(ly) variable physical quantity that can be measured (such as the shadow of a sundial).


lexentry: eng/analog__Noun__1
written_rep: analog
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: analog
sense_list:
(countable) Something that bears an analogy to something else. | (chemistry) A structural derivative of a parent compound that differs from it by only one or a few atoms or substituent groups; (usually, especially) such a molecule that retains most of the same chemical properties.


lexentry: eng/analogous__Adjective__1
written_rep: analogous
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: analogiczny
sense_list:
Having analogy, the status of an analogue; corresponding to something else; bearing some resemblance or similar proportion (often followed by "to".)


lexentry: eng/analogy__Noun__1
written_rep: analogy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: analogia
sense_list:
A relationship of resemblance or equivalence between two situations, people, or objects, especially when used as a basis for explanation or extrapolation.


lexentry: eng/analphabet__Noun__1
written_rep: analphabet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: analfabeta | analfabetka
sense_list:
A person who does not know the letters of the alphabet; a partly or wholly illiterate person. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/analysis__Noun__1
written_rep: analysis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: analiza
sense_list:
(countable) Decomposition into components in order to study (a complex thing, concept, theory etc.). | (countable) The result of such a process. | (uncountable, mathematics) A broad field of study in modern mathematics (often mentioned alongside algebra) which developed out of the calculus, concerned with the behavior of functions, sequences, series, limits, metric spaces, measures and more. | (countable, logic) Proof by deduction from known truths. | (countable, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry) The process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts, or the result of this process.


lexentry: eng/analytic__Adjective__1
written_rep: analytic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: analityczny
sense_list:
Of, or relating to any form of analysis, or to analytics. | Of, or relating to division into elements or principles.


lexentry: eng/analytic_geometry__Noun__1
written_rep: analytic geometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: geometria analityczna
sense_list:
(geometry) The subbranch of geometry that investigates geometrical figures via the mathematical properties of their representations in a coordinate system.


lexentry: eng/analyze__Verb__1
written_rep: analyze
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: analizować | przeanalizować | zanalizować
sense_list:
(transitive) To examine in such a manner as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; as, to analyze a fossil substance, to analyze a sentence or a word, or to analyze an action to ascertain its morality.


lexentry: eng/analyzer__Noun__1
written_rep: analyzer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: analizator
sense_list:
(US) an instrument for the analysis of something | (US) a person who analyzes | (optics) a type of polarizer


lexentry: eng/anamorphosis__Noun__1
written_rep: anamorphosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anamorfoza
sense_list:
A distorted image of an object that may be viewed correctly from a specific angle or with a specific mirror.


lexentry: eng/anapest__Noun__1
written_rep: anapest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anapest | antydaktyl
sense_list:
(prosody) In qualitative meter, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two unstressed and one stressed. | (prosody) In quantitative meter, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two short and one long.


lexentry: eng/anaphase__Noun__1
written_rep: anaphase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anafaza
sense_list:
(cytology) The stage of mitosis and meiosis during which the chromosomes separate; the chromatid moving to opposite poles of the cell.


lexentry: eng/anaphora__Noun__1
written_rep: anaphora
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anafora
sense_list:
(figure of speech) The repetition of a phrase at the beginning of phrases, sentences, or verses, used for emphasis. | (linguistics) An expression that refers to a preceding expression. | (Christianity) The most solemn part of the Divine Liturgy or the Mass during which the offerings of bread and wine are consecrated as body and blood of Christ.


lexentry: eng/anaphylactic_shock__Noun__1
written_rep: anaphylactic shock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wstrząs anafilaktyczny
sense_list:
A severe and rapid systemic allergic reaction to an allergen, constricting the trachea and causing generalized vasodilation.


lexentry: eng/anarchism__Noun__1
written_rep: anarchism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anarchizm
sense_list:
A political and philosophical belief that all forms of involuntary rule or government are undesirable, unnecessary, or unethical, and as such that society would function without a state. | A belief that proposes the abolition of hierarchy and authority in most forms.


lexentry: eng/anarchist__Noun__1
written_rep: anarchist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anarchista | anarchistka
sense_list:
One who believes in or advocates the absence of hierarchy and authority in most forms (compare anarchism), especially one who works toward the realization of such.


lexentry: eng/anarcho-capitalism__Noun__1
written_rep: anarcho-capitalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anarchokapitalizm
sense_list:
(politics, economics) A political and economic philosophy that advocates the elimination of the state and other coercive institutions in favour of individual self-ownership and free market.


lexentry: eng/anarcho-communism__Noun__1
written_rep: anarcho-communism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anarchokomunizm
sense_list:
(politics, economics) A form of anarchism advocating the abolition of the state and capitalism in favor of a horizontal network of voluntary associations through which people would satisfy their needs.


lexentry: eng/anarcho-syndicalism__Noun__1
written_rep: anarcho-syndicalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anarchosyndykalizm
sense_list:
A branch or field of anarchism that focuses on the abolition of capitalism through the organization of revolutionary worker syndicates.


lexentry: eng/anarthria__Noun__1
written_rep: anarthria
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anartria
sense_list:
(neurology, neuropsychology) A speech impairment in which the ability to articulate is lost completely.


lexentry: eng/anastatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: anastatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: anastatyczny
sense_list:
(printing, historical) Of or relating to a printing process in which copies of drawings are printed from facsimiles produced in relief on zinc plates.


lexentry: eng/anastomosis__Noun__1
written_rep: anastomosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: anastomoza
sense_list:
An interconnection between any two channels, passages or vessels. | (surgery) The surgical creation of a connecting passage between blood vessels, bowels or other channels.


lexentry: eng/anastylosis__Noun__1
written_rep: anastylosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anastyloza
sense_list:
(archaeology) The reassembly of ruined monuments or other artifacts from remaining fragments in an archeologically responsible way (with use of modern materials when needed).


lexentry: eng/anathema__Noun__1
written_rep: anathema
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anatema
sense_list:
(ecclesiastical, historical) A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, often accompanied by excommunication; something denounced as accursed. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/anatomical_snuffbox__Noun__1
written_rep: anatomical snuffbox
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tabakierka anatomiczna
sense_list:
(anatomy) A triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the hand, bounded by extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.


lexentry: eng/anatomy__Noun__1
written_rep: anatomy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anatomia
sense_list:
The art of studying the different parts of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy.


lexentry: eng/ancestor__Noun__1
written_rep: ancestor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przodek | antenat | antenatka | wstępny
sense_list:
One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a forefather.


lexentry: eng/anchor__Noun__1
written_rep: anchor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kotwica
sense_list:
(nautical) A tool used to moor a vessel to the bottom of a sea or river to resist movement. | Any instrument serving a purpose like that of a ship's anchor, such as an arrangement of timber to hold a dam fast; a device to hold the end of a bridge cable etc.; or a device used in metalworking to hold the core of a mould in place.


lexentry: eng/anchorage__Noun__1
written_rep: anchorage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kotwicowisko
sense_list:
(nautical) A fee charged for anchoring. | The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at anchor.


lexentry: eng/anchorman__Noun__1
written_rep: anchorman
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gospodarz | prezenter | prowadzący
sense_list:
(television, radio) The main host of a television or radio program, particularly one relating to the broadcast of news. | (athletics) The most reliable runner in a relay team, usually the one that runs last.


lexentry: eng/anchovy__Noun__1
written_rep: anchovy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sardela | anchois
sense_list:
Any small saltwater fish of the Engraulidae family, consisting of 160 species in 16 genera, of which the genus Engraulis is widely sold as food.


lexentry: eng/ancient__Adjective__1
written_rep: ancient
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: pradawny
sense_list:
Existent or occurring in time long past, usually in remote ages; belonging to or associated with antiquity; old, as opposed to modern.


lexentry: eng/ancient_history__Noun__1
written_rep: ancient history
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: historia starożytna
sense_list:
A period of history generally seen as occurring before the Middle Ages, that is, before the fall of the Roman Empire. Includes Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.


lexentry: eng/ancient_monument__Noun__1
written_rep: ancient monument
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zabytek
sense_list:
an old or ancient building or other structure, or a site of historical interest that is usually looked after by an official organization.


lexentry: eng/and!slash!or__Conjunction__1
written_rep: and/or
part_of_speech: conjunction
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: i/lub
sense_list:
Joins two alternatives to mean either or both; indicates that inclusive or is meant where or alone might be taken to mean exclusive or.


lexentry: eng/and__Conjunction__1
written_rep: and
part_of_speech: conjunction
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: i | a
sense_list:
(now, colloquial, or, literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.


lexentry: eng/and__Conjunction__1
written_rep: and
part_of_speech: conjunction
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: i | a | oraz | tudzież
sense_list:
Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (not dated); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/and_then_some__Phrase__1
written_rep: and then some
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: a nawet więcej
sense_list:
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to confirm preceding utterance, while implying that what was said or asked is an understatement


lexentry: eng/andalusite__Noun__1
written_rep: andalusite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: andaluzyt
sense_list:
(mineral) An aluminium nesosilicate mineral, Al2SiO5, which can be cut into a gem and displays strong pleochroism, shifting between red, green, and yellow.


lexentry: eng/andesine__Noun__1
written_rep: andesine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: andezyn
sense_list:
(mineral) Sodium calcium aluminum silicate, (Na_xCa_xAlSi_3O_8), a plagioclase feldspar, the third member of the albite-anorthite solid solution series. Found in fine-grained andesite lavas; crystals are rarely seen.


lexentry: eng/andesite__Noun__1
written_rep: andesite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: andezyt
sense_list:
(geology) Any of a class of fine-grained intermediate igneous rock, of volcanic origin, containing mostly plagioclase feldspar.


lexentry: eng/andiron__Noun__1
written_rep: andiron
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kozioł
sense_list:
(usually, in plural) A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side


lexentry: eng/androcentrism__Noun__1
written_rep: androcentrism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: androcentryzm
sense_list:
An ideological focus on males and men, and issues affecting them, possibly to the detriment of non-males.


lexentry: eng/androgen__Noun__1
written_rep: androgen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: androgen
sense_list:
(steroid hormone) Any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates. A male sex hormone such as testosterone or anabolic steroids.


lexentry: eng/andrology__Noun__1
written_rep: andrology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: andrologia
sense_list:
(medicine) The branch of medicine concerned with male diseases, especially those affecting the male reproductive system.


lexentry: eng/andropause__Noun__1
written_rep: andropause
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: andropauza | męskie klimakterium
sense_list:
(medicine, endocrinology) The male equivalent of the menopause in women; characterized by a decline in libido and overall energy.


lexentry: eng/androsterone__Noun__1
written_rep: androsterone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: androsteron
sense_list:
(steroid hormone) An androgenic hormone, excreted in the urine, somewhat less active than testosterone.


lexentry: eng/anecdote__Noun__1
written_rep: anecdote
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: anegdota
sense_list:
An account which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis. | A previously untold secret account of an incident.


lexentry: eng/anemia__Noun__1
written_rep: anemia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anemia | niedokrwistość
sense_list:
(American spelling, uncountable, pathology) A medical condition in which the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues is reduced, either because of too few red blood cells, or because of too little hemoglobin, resulting in pallor and fatigue.


lexentry: eng/anemic__Adjective__1
written_rep: anemic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anemiczny
sense_list:
Of, pertaining to, or suffering from anemia. | (by extension) Weak; listless; lacking power, vigor, vitality, or colorfulness.


lexentry: eng/anemoscope__Noun__1
written_rep: anemoscope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anemoskop | wiatrowskaz
sense_list:
An instrument that shows the direction of the wind; a wind vane; a weathercock; usually applied to a contrivance consisting of a vane above, connected in the building with a dial or index with pointers to show the changes of the wind.


lexentry: eng/anencephaly__Noun__1
written_rep: anencephaly
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anencefalia | bezmózgowie
sense_list:
A lethal birth defect in which most of the brain and parts of the skull are missing; absence of the encephalon.


lexentry: eng/aneroid_barometer__Noun__1
written_rep: aneroid barometer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aneroid
sense_list:
A barometer in which variations in pressure are measured using a partially evacuated capsule whose sides move in and out.


lexentry: eng/anesthesia__Noun__1
written_rep: anesthesia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: znieczulenie | anestezja
sense_list:
(medicine, American spelling, Canadian spelling) An artificial method of preventing sensation, used to eliminate pain without causing loss of vital functions, by the administration of one or more agents which block pain impulses before transmitted to the brain.


lexentry: eng/anesthesiologist__Noun__1
written_rep: anesthesiologist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anestetysta | anestezjolog
sense_list:
(American spelling, Canadian spelling) A physician who specializes in anesthesiology and administers anesthesia.


lexentry: eng/anesthetic__Noun__1
written_rep: anesthetic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anestetyk | narkoza | znieczulenie
sense_list:
(American spelling, medicine) A substance administered to reduce the perception of pain or to induce numbness for surgery and may render the recipient unconscious.


lexentry: eng/anesthetize__Verb__1
written_rep: anesthetize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: znieczulać
sense_list:
(transitive) To administer anesthesia to: to render unfeeling or unconscious through the use of narcotic substances, usually either alcohol or pharmaceutical drugs.


lexentry: eng/aneuploidy__Noun__1
written_rep: aneuploidy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aneuploidia
sense_list:
(genetics) The condition of being aneuploid; the state of possessing a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number of the organism in question.


lexentry: eng/aneurysm__Noun__1
written_rep: aneurysm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tętniak | aneuryzma | anewryzm
sense_list:
(pathology) An abnormal blood-filled swelling of an artery or vein, resulting from a localized weakness in the wall of the vessel.


lexentry: eng/angel__Noun__1
written_rep: angel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anioł
sense_list:
An incorporeal and sometimes divine messenger from a deity, or other divine entity, often depicted in art as a youthful winged figure in flowing robes. | (Abrahamic tradition) One of the lowest order of such beings, below virtues. | A person having the qualities attributed to angels, such as purity or selflessness.


lexentry: eng/angel_investor__Noun__1
written_rep: angel investor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anioł biznesu
sense_list:
(business) An investor to a start-up, especially one who invests very early or during the company's initial forming, often with a slim chance of a return on investment.


lexentry: eng/angel_shark__Noun__1
written_rep: angel shark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anioł morski | raszpla
sense_list:
A member of the unusual genus Squatina of sharks with flattened bodies and broad pectoral fins resembling skates or rays. There are approximately 16 known species, which are the only members of their taxonomic genus, family and order. They occur worldwide in temperate and tropical seas.


lexentry: eng/angelic__Adjective__1
written_rep: angelic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anielski | angeliczny
sense_list:
Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel.


lexentry: eng/angelica__Noun__1
written_rep: angelica
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dzięgiel
sense_list:
A tall plant, with hollow stems, genus Angelica, especially garden angelica (Angelica archangelica).


lexentry: eng/angelology__Noun__1
written_rep: angelology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: angelologia | angeologia
sense_list:
The study of angels. Angels have been grouped into nine categories or “choirs,” from lowest to highest: angel, virtue, archangel, power, principality, dominion, throne, cherub, and seraph.


lexentry: eng/anger__Noun__1
written_rep: anger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gniew | złość | wkurw
sense_list:
A strong feeling of displeasure, hostility, or antagonism towards someone or something, usually combined with an urge to harm, often stemming from perceived provocation, hurt, or threat.


lexentry: eng/angiocardiography__Noun__1
written_rep: angiocardiography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: angiokardiografia
sense_list:
(medicine) A technique for radiographic examination of the heart chambers and thoracic vessels wherein a liquid radiocontrast agent is injected into the bloodstream, then the tissues are examined using X-rays.


lexentry: eng/angioedema__Noun__1
written_rep: angioedema
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obrzęk naczynioruchowy
sense_list:
(pathology) Swelling of the lower layers of the skin, often around the mouth, or of the mucosa or submucosa of the mouth or throat which can appear quickly in response to an allergen or due to other conditions


lexentry: eng/angiography__Noun__1
written_rep: angiography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: angiografia | arteriografia
sense_list:
(medicine) A medical imaging technique in which an X-ray image is taken to visualize the inside of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins and the heart chambers.


lexentry: eng/angioplasty__Noun__1
written_rep: angioplasty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: angioplastyka | balonikowanie
sense_list:
(surgery) The mechanical widening of a narrowed or totally obstructed blood vessel generally caused by atheroma.


lexentry: eng/angiosperm__Noun__1
written_rep: angiosperm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nagonasienny
sense_list:
(botany) Any plant of the clade Angiosperms, characterized by having ovules enclosed in an ovary; a flowering plant.


lexentry: eng/angiotensin__Noun__1
written_rep: angiotensin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: angiotensyna
sense_list:
(hormone) Any of several polypeptides that narrow blood vessels and thus regulate arterial pressure.


lexentry: eng/angle__Noun__1
written_rep: angle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kąt
sense_list:
(geometry) A figure formed by two rays which start from a common point (a plane angle) or by three planes that intersect (a solid angle).


lexentry: eng/angle__Noun__1
written_rep: angle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kąt | miara kąta
sense_list:
(geometry) The measure of such a figure. In the case of a plane angle, this is the ratio (or proportional to the ratio) of the arc length to the radius of a section of a circle cut by the two rays, centered at their common point. In the case of a solid angle, this is the ratio of the surface area to the square of the radius of the section of a sphere.


lexentry: eng/angle_grinder__Noun__1
written_rep: angle grinder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szlifierka kątowa | diaks
sense_list:
A usually hand-held grinder which uses a pair of internal gears to place the rotational axis of the grinding or cutting wheel perpendicular to that of the driving motor.


lexentry: eng/angle_of_attack__Noun__1
written_rep: angle of attack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kąt natarcia
sense_list:
(aeronautics) The angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the airflow over it; one of the determiners of the amount of lift produced by an airfoil.


lexentry: eng/anglerfish__Noun__1
written_rep: anglerfish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: diabeł morski | żabnica
sense_list:
Any fish of the bony fish order Lophiiformes, which have an outgrowth they wiggle to lure and catch their prey.


lexentry: eng/anglicism__Noun__1
written_rep: anglicism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anglicyzm
sense_list:
An Englishism: a word or other feature originating in the English language that has been borrowed by another language.


lexentry: eng/angora__Noun__1
written_rep: angora
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: królik angorski
sense_list:
A rabbit belonging to the Angora rabbit breed, one of the oldest domestic breeds of rabbits in the world, raised chiefly in Europe for its silky and long hair (a subspecies of the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus).


lexentry: eng/angostura__Noun__1
written_rep: angostura
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: angostura
sense_list:
A South American tree, with bark used in tradition medicine and as an ingredient in various bitters (but not Angostura bitters), Angostura trifoliata.


lexentry: eng/angst__Noun__1
written_rep: angst
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: lęk
sense_list:
A feeling of acute but vague anxiety or apprehension often accompanied by depression, especially philosophical anxiety.


lexentry: eng/angstrom__Noun__1
written_rep: angstrom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: angstrem
sense_list:
(physics, metrology) A unit of length equal to 10−10 meters (that is, one ten-billionth of a meter), approximately the size of an atom, and denoted by the symbol Å, used especially to measure the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation or distances between atoms.


lexentry: eng/angular_velocity__Noun__1
written_rep: angular velocity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prędkość kątowa
sense_list:
(mathematics, physics) The angle turned, per unit time, by a body rotating about an axis; the rate of rotation through an angle.


lexentry: eng/anhedonia__Noun__1
written_rep: anhedonia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anhedonia
sense_list:
(symptom, psychiatry) The inability to feel pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable, such as exercise, hobbies, music, sexual activities or social interactions.


lexentry: eng/anhydride__Noun__1
written_rep: anhydride
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bezwodnik
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any compound formally derived from another (or from others) by the loss of a water molecule, especially acid anhydrides.


lexentry: eng/aniline__Noun__1
written_rep: aniline
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anilina | aminobenzen
sense_list:
(organic compound) The simplest aromatic amine, C6H5NH2, synthesized by the reduction of nitrobenzene; it is a colourless oily basic poisonous liquid used in the manufacture of dyes and pharmaceuticals.


lexentry: eng/animal__Noun__1
written_rep: animal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zwierzę
sense_list:
(science) Any eukaryote of the clade Animalia; a multicellular organism that is usually mobile, whose cells are not encased in a rigid cell wall (distinguishing it from plants and fungi) and which derives energy solely from the consumption of other organisms (distinguishing it from plants). | (loosely) Any member of the kingdom Animalia other than a human.


lexentry: eng/animal_feed__Noun__1
written_rep: animal feed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przydział
sense_list:
Material, of an animal or most often vegetable origin, prepared (especially industrially) as feed for domestic or farm animals.


lexentry: eng/animal_husbandry__Noun__1
written_rep: animal husbandry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chów
sense_list:
The management and care of farm animals by humans for profit, in which genetic qualities and behaviour, considered to be advantageous to humans, are further developed.


lexentry: eng/animal_rights__Noun__1
written_rep: animal rights
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prawa zwierząt
sense_list:
Certain fundamental rights that animals are entitled to, such as the right to be spared undue suffering.


lexentry: eng/animate__Verb__1
written_rep: animate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: animować
sense_list:
(transitive) To impart motion or the appearance of motion to. | (transitive) To give spirit or vigour to; to stimulate or enliven; to inspirit.


lexentry: eng/animated_cartoon__Noun__1
written_rep: animated cartoon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: film rysunkowy | animacja | film animowany
sense_list:
Any of several types of film / movie, the frames of which are drawn by hand in order to give a sense of movement when projected in rapid sequence.


lexentry: eng/animation__Noun__1
written_rep: animation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: animacja
sense_list:
The act of animating, or giving life or spirit. | (animation, in the sense of a cartoon) A sequence of still drawings or inanimate objects displayed in rapid succession to create the illusion of movement in motion pictures or computer graphics; the object (film, computer game, etc.) produced | (linguistics) conversion from the inanimate to animate grammatical category


lexentry: eng/animator__Noun__1
written_rep: animator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: animator | animatorka
sense_list:
(art) One who creates an animation or cartoon; a cartoonist. | One who animates something; one who brings something to life or the appearance of life.


lexentry: eng/anime__Noun__1
written_rep: anime
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anime
sense_list:
(uncountable) An artistic style originating in, and associated with, Japanese animation, and that has also been adopted by a comparatively low number of animated works from other countries. | (countable) An animated work that originated in Japan, regardless of the artistic style.


lexentry: eng/anise__Noun__1
written_rep: anise
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anyż | anise
sense_list:
An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds, which are used as a spice. It has a licorice scent.


lexentry: eng/aniseed__Noun__1
written_rep: aniseed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anyż | anyżek
sense_list:
(countable, and, uncountable) The seed-like fruit of the anise, used in baking and in the flavouring of liqueurs such as ouzo.


lexentry: eng/anisotropic__Adjective__1
written_rep: anisotropic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anizotropowy
sense_list:
(physics, mathematics) Having properties that differ according to the direction of measurement; exhibiting anisotropy.


lexentry: eng/ankerite__Noun__1
written_rep: ankerite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ankeryt
sense_list:
(mineral) Any of a group of mixed carbonate minerals, principally of calcium with iron, magnesium and manganese.


lexentry: eng/ankh__Noun__1
written_rep: ankh
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anch | ankh
sense_list:
A cross shaped like a T with a loop at the top, the Egyptian hieroglyph representing the Egyptian triliteral ꜥnḫ and often used as an amulet or charm for this concept.


lexentry: eng/ankle__Noun__1
written_rep: ankle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kostka
sense_list:
The skeletal joint which connects the foot with the leg; the uppermost portion of the foot and lowermost portion of the leg, which contain this skeletal joint.


lexentry: eng/anklebone__Noun__1
written_rep: anklebone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kość skokowa
sense_list:
The bone of the ankle, forming the lower part of the ankle joint and joining with the tibia and fibula.


lexentry: eng/ankyloglossia__Noun__1
written_rep: ankyloglossia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: łamaniec językowy
sense_list:
(medicine) A congenital oral anomaly in which the lingual frenulum is unusually short and thick, decreasing mobility of the tongue and affecting eating, speech, etc.


lexentry: eng/ankylosaurus__Noun__1
written_rep: ankylosaurus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ankylozaur
sense_list:
A large herbivorous dinosaur, of genus Ankylosaurus, that lived in the Cretaceous period, noted for its heavy armor and club-like tail.


lexentry: eng/anlaut__Noun__1
written_rep: anlaut
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nagłos
sense_list:
(linguistics) The first sound of a word (word-initial position) or syllable (syllable-initial position).


lexentry: eng/anneal__Verb__1
written_rep: anneal
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rozpalać
sense_list:
(metallurgy) To subject to great heat and then (often slow) cooling, and sometimes reheating and further cooling, for the purpose of rendering less brittle; to temper; to toughen.


lexentry: eng/annelid__Noun__1
written_rep: annelid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pierścienica
sense_list:
Any of various wormlike animals, of the phylum Annelida, having a segmented body; they include the earthworm and the leech.


lexentry: eng/annex__Noun__1
written_rep: annex
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aneks
sense_list:
An addition, an extension. | An appendix to a book or document. | An addition or extension to a building.


lexentry: eng/annihilation__Noun__1
written_rep: annihilation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: anihilacja
sense_list:
The state of being annihilated. | (physics) The process of a particle and its corresponding antiparticle combining to produce energy.


lexentry: eng/anniversary__Noun__1
written_rep: anniversary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rocznica | aniwersarz
sense_list:
A day that is an exact number of years (to the day) since a given significant event occurred. Often preceded by an ordinal number indicating the number of years.


lexentry: eng/annoy__Verb__1
written_rep: annoy
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: irytować
sense_list:
(transitive) To disturb or irritate, especially by continued or repeated acts; to bother with unpleasant deeds.


lexentry: eng/annual__Adjective__1
written_rep: annual
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: coroczny | roczny | doroczny | jednoroczny
sense_list:
Of, for, or relating to a whole year, often as a recurring cycle; determined or reckoned by the year; accumulating in the course of a year; performed, executed, or completed over the course of a year. See also circannual.


lexentry: eng/annual__Noun__1
written_rep: annual
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rocznik
sense_list:
An annual publication; a book, periodical, journal, report, comic book, yearbook, etc., which is published serially once a year, which may or may not be in addition to regular weekly or monthly publication.


lexentry: eng/annual_leave__Noun__1
written_rep: annual leave
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: urlop
sense_list:
(workplace) Amount of time expressed as the number of days per year that an employee is entitled to be away from work.


lexentry: eng/annuity__Noun__1
written_rep: annuity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: emerytura
sense_list:
(insurance, pensions) A right to receive amounts of money regularly over a certain fixed period, in perpetuity, or, especially, over the remaining life or lives of one or more beneficiaries.


lexentry: eng/annul__Verb__1
written_rep: annul
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anulować
sense_list:
(transitive) To formally revoke the validity of. | (transitive) To dissolve (a marital union) on the grounds that it is not valid.


lexentry: eng/annular_eclipse__Noun__1
written_rep: annular eclipse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zaćmienie obrączkowe
sense_list:
(astronomy) a solar eclipse in which the thin outer disk of the sun can be seen as a ring around the moon


lexentry: eng/annulment__Noun__1
written_rep: annulment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: abolicja | anulowanie | unieważnienie
sense_list:
An act or instance of annulling. | (legal) An invalidation of something, especially a legal contract.


lexentry: eng/annulus__Noun__1
written_rep: annulus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: pierścień kołowy
sense_list:
(botany) A structure surrounding a sporangium (or part of it) which shrinks and causes it to rupture for spore dispersal; specifically, in a fern: a structure around about two-thirds of the sporangium consisting of differentially thick-walled cells which dry and distort the sporangium; and in a moss: a complete ring of cells around the tip of the sporangium which dissolves to cause the tip to detach. | (geometry) The region in a plane between two concentric circles of different radii. | (topology) Any topological space homeomorphic to the region in a plane between two concentric circles of different radii.


lexentry: eng/anocracy__Noun__1
written_rep: anocracy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anokracja
sense_list:
(politics) A political system which is neither fully democratic nor fully autocratic, often being vulnerable to political instability.


lexentry: eng/anode__Noun__1
written_rep: anode
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anoda
sense_list:
(electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows inwards (and thus, electrons flow outwards). It can have either a positive or a negative voltage with respect to cathode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).


lexentry: eng/anodontia__Noun__1
written_rep: anodontia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anodoncja | bezzębie | bezzębność
sense_list:
(dentistry, teratology) The congenital absence of some or all primary or permanent teeth, caused by a rare genetic disorder.


lexentry: eng/anoint__Verb__1
written_rep: anoint
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: namaszczać
sense_list:
(transitive) To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous substance; also, to spread over, as oil. | (transitive) To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite, especially for consecration.


lexentry: eng/anomaly__Noun__1
written_rep: anomaly
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anomalia | nieprawidłowość
sense_list:
A deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as normal; an outlier. | (science) Any event or measurement that is out of the ordinary regardless of whether it is exceptional or not. | (dated) An irregularity or disproportion.


lexentry: eng/anonymous__Adjective__1
written_rep: anonymous
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anonimowy | bezimienny
sense_list:
(not comparable) Lacking a name; not named, for example an animal not assigned to any species . | (not comparable) Without any name acknowledged of a person responsible | (not comparable) Of unknown name; whose name is withheld | (comparable, figurative) Lacking individuality.


lexentry: eng/anorthosite__Noun__1
written_rep: anorthosite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anortozyt
sense_list:
(rock) A phaneritic, intrusive igneous rock characterized by a predominance of plagioclase feldspar.


lexentry: eng/anoscopy__Noun__1
written_rep: anoscopy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anoskopia
sense_list:
(medicine) An examination using a small, rigid, tubular instrument called an anoscope which is inserted into the anal canal


lexentry: eng/another__Determiner__1
written_rep: another
part_of_speech: determiner
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolejny | następny
sense_list:
One more further, in addition to the quantity by then; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.


lexentry: eng/anoxia__Noun__1
written_rep: anoxia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anoksja
sense_list:
(ecology, pathology) A condition in which a body tissue or an environment is severely or totally deprived of oxygen; severe hypoxia.


lexentry: eng/answer__Noun__1
written_rep: answer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odpowiedź
sense_list:
A response or reply; something said or done in reaction to a statement or question. | A solution to a problem. | (legal) A document filed in response to a complaint, responding to each point raised in the complaint and raising counterpoints.


lexentry: eng/answer__Verb__1
written_rep: answer
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: odpowiadać
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To suit a need or purpose satisfactorily. | (legal) To file a document in response to a complaint.


lexentry: eng/answer__Verb__1
written_rep: answer
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: odpowiadać | odpowiedzieć
sense_list:
To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; usually with to. | (obsolete) To be or act as an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay.


lexentry: eng/ant__Noun__1
written_rep: ant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mrówka
sense_list:
Any of various insects in the family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera, typically living in large colonies composed almost entirely of flightless females.


lexentry: eng/antacid__Noun__1
written_rep: antacid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwasoodporny
sense_list:
An agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity, especially in the stomach. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/antagonist__Noun__1
written_rep: antagonist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antagonista | antagonistka
sense_list:
An opponent or enemy. | One who antagonizes or stirs. | (authorship) The main character or force opposing the protagonist in a literary work or drama.


lexentry: eng/antagonist__Noun__1
written_rep: antagonist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: antagonista
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A chemical that binds to a receptor but does not produce a physiological response, blocking the action of agonist chemicals. | (anatomy) A muscle that acts in opposition to another.


lexentry: eng/anteater__Noun__1
written_rep: anteater
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mrówkojad
sense_list:
Any of several animals of South and Central America, in suborder Vermilingua, which are noted for eating ants and termites which they catch with their long sticky tongues.


lexentry: eng/antecedent__Noun__1
written_rep: antecedent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: antecedens
sense_list:
(logic) The conditional part of a hypothetical proposition, i.e. p \rightarrow q, where p is the antecedent, and q is the consequent. | (math) The first term of a ratio, i.e. the term a in the ratio a:b, the other being the consequent.


lexentry: eng/antediluvian__Adjective__1
written_rep: antediluvian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przedpotopowy
sense_list:
(biblical) Belonging or pertaining to, or existing in, the time prior to the great flood described in Genesis, or (by extension) to a great or destructive flood or deluge described in other mythologies. | Of attitudes, ideas, etc.: extremely old-fashioned, especially to a laughable extent; antiquated.


lexentry: eng/antefix__Noun__1
written_rep: antefix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antefiks
sense_list:
(architecture) The vertical blocks which terminate the covering tiles of the roof of a Roman, Etruscan, or Greek temple.


lexentry: eng/antelope__Noun__1
written_rep: antelope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antylopa
sense_list:
Any of several African mammals of the family Bovidae distinguished by hollow horns, which, unlike deer, they do not shed.


lexentry: eng/antenna__Noun__1
written_rep: antenna
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: antena | czułek
sense_list:
An apparatus to receive or transmit electromagnetic waves and convert respectively to or from an electrical signal.


lexentry: eng/anterior_chamber__Noun__1
written_rep: anterior chamber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komora przednia gałki ocznej
sense_list:
(anatomy, ophthalmology) A space inside the eye between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humour.


lexentry: eng/anthem__Noun__1
written_rep: anthem
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: hymn
sense_list:
A choral or vocal composition, often with a religious or political lyric. | A hymn of praise or loyalty.


lexentry: eng/antheridium__Noun__1
written_rep: antheridium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: plemnia
sense_list:
(botany, mycology) An organ producing male gametes called antherozoids, found in some algae, ferns, and bryophytes.


lexentry: eng/anthill__Noun__1
written_rep: anthill
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mrowisko
sense_list:
A cone-shaped structure built from sediment and other available materials by ants or white ants (termites), and beneath which the colony nests.


lexentry: eng/anthocyanin__Noun__1
written_rep: anthocyanin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antocyjan | antocyjanina
sense_list:
(botany, organic chemistry) Any of many water-soluble red to violet plant pigments related to the flavonoids (more noticeable in autumn after the chlorophyll decomposes)


lexentry: eng/anthodium__Noun__1
written_rep: anthodium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koszyczek
sense_list:
(botany) The inflorescence of a compound flower in which many florets are gathered into an involucrate head.


lexentry: eng/anthology__Noun__1
written_rep: anthology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antologia
sense_list:
A collection of literary works, such as poems or short stories, especially a collection from various authors.


lexentry: eng/anthracene__Noun__1
written_rep: anthracene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antracen
sense_list:
(organic compound) A tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (an acene containing three fused rings) obtained from coal tar; used in the manufacture of wood preservatives, insecticides and the dye alizarin; it is isomeric with phenanthrene.


lexentry: eng/anthrax__Noun__1
written_rep: anthrax
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wąglik | antraks
sense_list:
(pathology) An acute infectious disease of herbivores, especially sheep and cattle, caused by Bacillus anthracis.


lexentry: eng/anthropocentric__Adjective__1
written_rep: anthropocentric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropocentryczny
sense_list:
Placing humans at the center of something, giving preference to humans above all other considerations.


lexentry: eng/anthropocentrism__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropocentrism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropocentryzm
sense_list:
A viewpoint or theory that places human beings at the center of everything, giving preference to human beings above all other considerations.


lexentry: eng/anthropogenic__Adjective__1
written_rep: anthropogenic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropogeniczny
sense_list:
Pertaining to the origin of man, or anthropogeny. | Having its origin in the influence of human activity on nature.


lexentry: eng/anthropogeography__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropogeography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropogeografia
sense_list:
(anthropology) The study of the geographical distribution of humankind and the relationship between human beings and their environment


lexentry: eng/anthropography__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropografia
sense_list:
The branch of anthropology that deals with the geographical distribution of the human race in its different divisions, as distinguished by physical character, language, institutions, and customs, in contradistinction to ethnography, which deals historically with the origin and filiation of races and nations.


lexentry: eng/anthropology__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropologia
sense_list:
The scientific study of humans, systematically describing the ethnographic, linguistic, archaeological, and evolutionary dimensions of humanity using a holistic methodological framework.


lexentry: eng/anthropometry__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropometria
sense_list:
The science of measuring the human body to ascertain the ranges and averages of dimensions of the human form, for various purposes including physical anthropology, epidemiology, the ergonomics of industrial design, and so on.


lexentry: eng/anthroposcopy__Noun__1
written_rep: anthroposcopy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antroposkopia
sense_list:
A form of anthropology based upon visual observation of the physical characteristics of the human body.


lexentry: eng/anthroposophy__Noun__1
written_rep: anthroposophy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: antropozofia
sense_list:
A philosophy founded in the early 20th century by the esotericist Rudolf Steiner (also capitalized as Anthroposophy), postulating the existence of an objective, intellectually comprehensible spiritual world accessible to direct experience through inner development.


lexentry: eng/anthropozoonosis__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropozoonosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropozoonoza
sense_list:
(pathology) Any pathogen that is transmitted from animals to humans. Specifically, it refers to infections that primarily affect animals but can be naturally transmitted to humans.


lexentry: eng/anthurium__Noun__1
written_rep: anthurium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anturium
sense_list:
Any of several tropical American evergreen plants, of the genus Anthurium, grown for their ornamental leaves and spathes.


lexentry: eng/anti-Semitism__Noun__1
written_rep: anti-Semitism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antysemityzm
sense_list:
(narrower sense) Prejudice, discrimination, hostility or political or religious opposition directed against ethnic or religious Jews or against Judaism; antijudaism; judeophobia.


lexentry: eng/anti-gravity__Noun__1
written_rep: anti-gravity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antygrawitacja
sense_list:
(science fiction) Any concept, system or device that would oppose or cancel out the force of gravity.


lexentry: eng/anti-story__Noun__1
written_rep: anti-story
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antypowieść
sense_list:
(literature) A work of fiction in which the author breaks in some way the conventional rules of storytelling, usually with some feature (for example, a lack of plot or characters, unusual punctuation, odd subject or presentation, etc.) that strongly challenges the reader's expectations.


lexentry: eng/anti-villain__Noun__1
written_rep: anti-villain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyzłoczyńca
sense_list:
(fiction) An antagonist who has or may have noble or honorable aims, but pursues them destructively.


lexentry: eng/antiatom__Noun__1
written_rep: antiatom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyatom
sense_list:
(particle physics) An antiparticle composed of antiprotons, antineutrons, and positrons. An antimatter equivalent of the atom.


lexentry: eng/antibacchius__Noun__1
written_rep: antibacchius
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antybakch
sense_list:
(poetry) A rare metrical foot consisting of two accented syllables followed by one unaccented syllable.


lexentry: eng/antibiosis__Noun__1
written_rep: antibiosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antybioza
sense_list:
(ecology) An association between organisms that is detrimental (harmful) to one or more of them; especially that due to a metabolic substance produced by one of them.


lexentry: eng/antibiotic__Noun__1
written_rep: antibiotic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antybiotyk
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms, generally transported by the lymphatic system.


lexentry: eng/anticenter__Noun__1
written_rep: anticenter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antycentrum
sense_list:
(astronomy) The point in the sky opposite to that of the centre of the galaxy (when viewed from Earth) | (geology) antiepicenter


lexentry: eng/antichlor__Noun__1
written_rep: antichlor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antychlor
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any substance used to remove excess chlorine or hypochlorite from textiles etc after bleaching; typically sodium thiosulfate.


lexentry: eng/anticipation__Noun__1
written_rep: anticipation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oczekiwanie
sense_list:
The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in natural order.


lexentry: eng/anticipation__Noun__1
written_rep: anticipation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: antycypacja
sense_list:
(music) A non-harmonic tone that is lower or higher than a note in the previous chord and a unison to a note in the next chord.


lexentry: eng/anticlimax__Noun__1
written_rep: anticlimax
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antygradacja | antyklimaks
sense_list:
(narratology) An unsatisfying resolution to a narrative, usually owing to a deus ex machina or similarly trivial resolution of the main conflict. | (rhetoric) An abrupt descent (either deliberate or unintentional) from the dignity of the idea which the speaker or writer appeared to be aiming for.


lexentry: eng/anticlockwise__Adjective__1
written_rep: anticlockwise
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: lewoskrętny | przeciwny do ruchu wskazówek zegara
sense_list:
(British, Ireland, Commonwealth, of movement) In a circular fashion so as to be moving to the left at the top of the circle and to the right at the bottom (when viewed from the front), in the opposite direction to the hands of an analog clock.


