# translation

lexentry: eng/calm_before_the_storm__Noun__1
written_rep: calm before the storm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cisza przed burzą
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A period of peace before a disturbance or crisis; an unnatural or false calm before a storm.


lexentry: eng/calorie__Noun__1
written_rep: calorie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kaloria
sense_list:
(physical chemistry, physics) The gram calorie or small calorie, a non-SI unit of energy, equivalent to 4.184 joules. This unit was formerly widely used in chemistry and physics, being the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C.


lexentry: eng/calque__Noun__1
written_rep: calque
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kalka
sense_list:
(linguistics, translation studies) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language.


lexentry: eng/calvary__Noun__1
written_rep: calvary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kalwaria
sense_list:
A life-size representation of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ on a piece of raised ground. | A type of monumental public Christian cross, sometimes encased in an open shrine.


lexentry: eng/calve__Verb__1
written_rep: calve
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cielić się | ocielić się
sense_list:
(intransitive) To give birth to a calf. | (intransitive) To assist in a cow’s giving birth to a calf. | (transitive) To give birth to (a calf).


lexentry: eng/calx__Noun__1
written_rep: calx
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: popiół
sense_list:
(now, chiefly, historical) The substance which remains after a metal or mineral has been thoroughly burnt, once seen as being the essential substance left after the expulsion of phlogiston, but now recognised as being the metallic oxide (or, in some cases, the metal in a state of sublimation).


lexentry: eng/calyptra__Noun__1
written_rep: calyptra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czepek
sense_list:
(botany) In bryophytes, a thin hood of tissue that forms from the archegonium and covers the developing sporophyte and is shed as it ripens.


lexentry: eng/calyx__Noun__1
written_rep: calyx
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kielich
sense_list:
(botany) The outermost whorl of flower parts, comprising the sepals, which covers and protects the petals as they develop.


lexentry: eng/cam__Noun__1
written_rep: cam
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dziób
sense_list:
A turning or sliding piece which imparts motion to a rod, lever or block brought into sliding or rolling contact with it. | (UK, dialect) A ridge or mound of earth.


lexentry: eng/camber__Noun__1
written_rep: camber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wypukłość
sense_list:
A slight convexity, arching or curvature of a surface of a road, beam, roof, ship's deck etc., so that liquids will flow off the sides.


lexentry: eng/cambium__Noun__1
written_rep: cambium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kambium
sense_list:
(botany) A layer of cells between the xylem and the phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of roots and stems.


lexentry: eng/came__Noun__1
written_rep: came
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ramka
sense_list:
A grooved strip of metal, traditionally usually lead or brass and today sometimes stainless steel, used to hold panes of glass together in glazing.


lexentry: eng/camel_driver__Noun__1
written_rep: camel driver
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wielbłądnik
sense_list:
One whose occupation is to direct, handle and care for camels, especially as a part of a caravan travelling long distances.


lexentry: eng/camellia__Noun__1
written_rep: camellia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kamelia
sense_list:
Any plant of the genus Camellia, shrubs and small trees native to Asia; Camellia japonica is the most popular as a garden plant; Camellia sinensis is the tea plant.


lexentry: eng/camerlingate__Noun__1
written_rep: camerlingate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pozycja kamerlinga
sense_list:
(Roman Catholicism) The dignity of the camerlengo (cardinal who presides over the Apostolic Chamber in pontifical interregnum).


lexentry: eng/camomile__Noun__1
written_rep: camomile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rumian rzymski
sense_list:
Chamaemelum nobile (formerly Anthemis nobilis), English chamomile or Roman chamomile, a ground cover with fragrant foliage.


lexentry: eng/camomile__Noun__1
written_rep: camomile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rumianek | rumianek pospolity
sense_list:
Matricaria recutita (formerly known as Matricaria chamomilla), German chamomile or Hungarian chamomile, with fragrant flowers used for tea, and as an herbal remedy.


lexentry: eng/camomile_tea__Noun__1
written_rep: camomile tea
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rumianek
sense_list:
A beverage made by infusing the leaves of the camomile plant (either Matricaria recutita or Chamaemelum nobile) in hot water.


lexentry: eng/camouflage__Noun__1
written_rep: camouflage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: kamuflaż | barwa ochronna | kolor ochronny
sense_list:
(military) The use of natural or artificial material on personnel, objects, or tactical positions with the aim of confusing, misleading, or evading the enemy.


lexentry: eng/camp__Noun__1
written_rep: camp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: obóz
sense_list:
An organised event, often taking place in tents or temporary accommodation. | A base of a military group, not necessarily temporary.


lexentry: eng/camp__Verb__1
written_rep: camp
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: biwakować | koczować | obozować
sense_list:
(intransitive, obsolete) To fight; contend in battle or in any kind of contest; to strive with others in doing anything; compete.


lexentry: eng/camp_follower__Noun__1
written_rep: camp follower
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: markietanka
sense_list:
(chiefly, historical) A civilian who follows an army, typically a family member of a soldier or someone who provides services to the soldiers, e.g. prostitution, sale of liquor, cooking and laundry.


lexentry: eng/campaigner__Noun__1
written_rep: campaigner
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: aktywista
sense_list:
A person who campaigns for a person running for political office or works, or supports, in an organised and active way towards a goal; an activist.


lexentry: eng/campanile__Noun__1
written_rep: campanile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dzwonnica
sense_list:
A bell tower (especially one that is freestanding), often associated with a church or other public building, especially in Italy.


lexentry: eng/camper__Noun__1
written_rep: camper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: camper
sense_list:
(video games, derogatory) A person who stays in one spot during a first-person shooting game, to guard an item etc.


lexentry: eng/campfire__Noun__1
written_rep: campfire
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ognisko
sense_list:
A fire at a campground or on a camping trip, often used for cooking, to provide light and heat, to drive away bugs, and as a focal point for sitting around in the evening and talking, telling stories, and singing.


lexentry: eng/camphor__Noun__1
written_rep: camphor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kamfora
sense_list:
(organic compound) A white transparent waxy crystalline isoprenoid ketone, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, with a strong pungent odour, used in pharmacy.


lexentry: eng/camping__Noun__1
written_rep: camping
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kemping
sense_list:
(uncountable) The recreational or educational activity of temporarily living in a tent or similar accommodation.


lexentry: eng/campus__Noun__1
written_rep: campus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kampus
sense_list:
The grounds or property of a school, college, university, business, church, or hospital, often understood to include buildings and other structures.


lexentry: eng/can_I_use_your_phone__Phrase__1
written_rep: can I use your phone
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
Indicates that the speaker wants to communicate with someone via the interlocutor's telephone, if it is available.

trans_list:
czy mogę skorzystać z pana telefonu? | czy mogę skorzystać z pani telefonu? | czy mogę skorzystać z twojego telefonu?


lexentry: eng/can__Verb__1
written_rep: can
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: móc | umieć | potrafić
sense_list:
(Manglish, Singlish, intransitive) To be fine or acceptable; to be possible; (with liao or already) to be enough. Often used in conjunction with a variety of clause-final particles, e.g., lah, meh or one, to express different attitudes towards the subject matter.


lexentry: eng/can_of_worms__Noun__1
written_rep: can of worms
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: puszka Pandory
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A complex, troublesome situation arising when a decision or action produces considerable subsequent problems.


lexentry: eng/canapé__Noun__1
written_rep: canapé
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kanapka
sense_list:
An hors d’oeuvre, a bite-sized open-faced sandwich made of thin bread or toast topped with savory garnish.


lexentry: eng/canasta__Noun__1
written_rep: canasta
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kanasta
sense_list:
(uncountable, games, card games) A card game similar to rummy and played using two packs, where the object is to meld groups of the same rank. | (countable, card games) A meld of seven cards in a game of canasta.


lexentry: eng/cancel__Verb__1
written_rep: cancel
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: skrócić
sense_list:
(transitive, mathematics) To remove a common factor from both the numerator and denominator of a fraction, or from both sides of an equation.


lexentry: eng/cancellation__Noun__1
written_rep: cancellation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anihilacja
sense_list:
The act, process, or result of cancelling; as, the cancellation of certain words in a contract, or of the contract itself.


lexentry: eng/cancer__Noun__1
written_rep: cancer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rak | nowotwór złośliwy
sense_list:
(medicine, oncology, disease) A disease in which the cells of a tissue undergo uncontrolled (and often rapid) proliferation.


lexentry: eng/candela__Noun__1
written_rep: candela
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kandela
sense_list:
In the International System of Units, the base unit of luminous intensity; the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. Symbol: cd


lexentry: eng/candidate__Noun__1
written_rep: candidate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kandydat | kandydatka
sense_list:
(figurative) A person who is thought likely or worthy to gain a position or privilege. [from 1760s] | (originally, jargon) A participant in an examination. [from 1690s]


lexentry: eng/candle__Noun__1
written_rep: candle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: świeca | świeczka | gromnica
sense_list:
A light source consisting of a wick embedded in a solid, flammable substance such as wax, tallow, or paraffin.


lexentry: eng/candy_cane__Noun__1
written_rep: candy cane
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cukrowa laska
sense_list:
(US, Canada) An edible candy in the shape of a cane or staff, generally consumed during Christmas time and usually having a peppermint flavor.


lexentry: eng/cane_toad__Noun__1
written_rep: cane toad
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aga | kururu | ropucha olbrzymia
sense_list:
A large toad, Rhinella marina (formerly Bufo marinus), of Central and South America, introduced to Australia and various Pacific islands where it is now an invasive pest species.


lexentry: eng/canid__Noun__1
written_rep: canid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pies
sense_list:
Any member of the family Canidae, including canines (dogs, wolves, coyotes and jackals) and vulpines (foxes).


lexentry: eng/canker__Noun__1
written_rep: canker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: żółty guzek
sense_list:
An avian disease affecting doves, poultry, parrots and birds of prey, caused by Trichomonas gallinae.


lexentry: eng/cannabis__Noun__1
written_rep: cannabis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: konopie | konopie siewne
sense_list:
A mildly euphoriant or sedating, intoxicating hallucinogenic drug prepared from various parts of this plant.


lexentry: eng/canned__Adjective__1
written_rep: canned
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: nagranie
sense_list:
(by extension) Previously prepared; not fresh or new; standardized, mass-produced, or lacking originality or customization.


lexentry: eng/cannoli__Noun__1
written_rep: cannoli
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cannolo
sense_list:
(chiefly, _, in the plural) A tube of fried pastry, typical of Sicily, filled with ricotta or similar cream cheese, and flavorings, eaten as a dessert.


lexentry: eng/cannon__Noun__1
written_rep: cannon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: armata | działo
sense_list:
(historical) A large muzzle-loading artillery piece. | (Chinese chess) A piece which moves horizontally and vertically like a rook but captures another piece by jumping over a different piece in the line of attack.


lexentry: eng/canoe__Noun__1
written_rep: canoe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kanu | kanadyjka
sense_list:
(watercraft) A small long and narrow boat, propelled by one or more people (depending on the size of canoe), using single-bladed paddles. The paddlers face in the direction of travel, in either a seated position, or kneeling on the bottom of the boat. Canoes are open on top, and pointed at both ends.


lexentry: eng/canola_oil__Noun__1
written_rep: canola oil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: olej rzepakowy
sense_list:
(US, Canada, Australia) vegetable oil pressed from canola seeds, used in cooking or as basis for biodiesel.


lexentry: eng/canon__Noun__1
written_rep: canon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kanon
sense_list:
A generally accepted principle; a rule. | A group of literary works that are generally accepted as representing a field. | A eucharistic prayer, particularly the Roman Canon. | A religious law or body of law decreed by the church. | A piece of music in which the same melody is played by different voices, but beginning at different times; a round. | (chiefly, _, fandom, uncountable) Those sources, especially including literary works, which are considered part of the main continuity regarding a given fictional universe; (metonymically) these sources' content. | (printing, dated, uncountable) A large size of type formerly used for printing the church canons, standardized as 48-point.


lexentry: eng/canonical__Adjective__1
written_rep: canonical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kanoniczny
sense_list:
Present in a canon, religious or otherwise. | According to recognised or orthodox rules. | (religion) In conformity with canon law. | (mathematics, computing) In canonical form.


lexentry: eng/canonical_disjunctive_normal_form__Noun__1
written_rep: canonical disjunctive normal form
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kanoniczna alternatywna postać normalna
sense_list:
(logic) Disjunctive normal form with the additional property that all of the terms of the sum contain the same literals, so that the terms differ from each other only in their patterns of complementation (of their literals).


lexentry: eng/canonization__Noun__1
written_rep: canonization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kanonizacja
sense_list:
(Christianity) The final process or decree (following beatification) by which the name of a deceased person is placed in the catalogue (canon) of saints and commended to perpetual veneration and invocation.


lexentry: eng/canonize__Verb__1
written_rep: canonize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kanonizować
sense_list:
(chiefly, Roman Catholicism) To declare (a deceased person) as a saint, and enter them into the canon of saints.


lexentry: eng/cantaloupe__Noun__1
written_rep: cantaloupe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kantalupa
sense_list:
Cucumis melo Cantalupensis Group, a cultivar group melon with sweet aromatic orange flesh, including two main types:


lexentry: eng/cantata__Noun__1
written_rep: cantata
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kantata
sense_list:
(music) A vocal composition accompanied by instruments and generally containing more than one movement, typical of 17th and 18th century Italian music.


lexentry: eng/canteen__Noun__1
written_rep: canteen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stołówka | kafeteria
sense_list:
A small cafeteria or snack bar, especially one in a military establishment, school, or place of work.


lexentry: eng/canteen__Noun__1
written_rep: canteen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: manierka
sense_list:
A water bottle, flask, or other vessel, typically used by a soldier or camper as a bottle for carrying water or liquor for drink


lexentry: eng/canter__Noun__1
written_rep: canter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: galop
sense_list:
A gait of a horse between a trot and a gallop, consisting of three beats and a "suspension" phase, where there are no feet on the ground. Also describing this gait on other four-legged animals. | A ride on a horse at such speed.


lexentry: eng/canton__Noun__1
written_rep: canton
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kanton
sense_list:
A division of Luxembourg, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, etc. | A subdivision of a flag, the rectangular inset on the upper hoist (i.e., flagpole) side, the upper-left quadrant of a flag, (the stars of the US national flag are in a canton).


lexentry: eng/canvas__Noun__1
written_rep: canvas
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: płótno
sense_list:
A type of coarse cloth, woven from hemp, useful for making sails and tents or as a surface for paintings. | A piece of canvas cloth stretched across a frame on which one may paint.


lexentry: eng/canvass__Noun__1
written_rep: canvass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agitacja
sense_list:
(countable) A seeking or solicitation of donations, information, opinions, support, etc. | (countable, specifically, politics) A seeking or solicitation, or determination, of support or favourable votes in a forthcoming election or poll.


lexentry: eng/cap__Noun__1
written_rep: cap
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: kapelusz
sense_list:
The top part of a mushroom. | (nautical) A collar of iron or wood used in joining spars, as the mast and the topmast, the bowsprit and the jib boom; also, a covering of tarred canvas at the end of a rope.


lexentry: eng/capable__Adjective__1
written_rep: capable
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zdolny | stać
sense_list:
Able and efficient; having the ability needed for a specific task; having the disposition to do something; permitting or being susceptible to something.


lexentry: eng/capacitance__Noun__1
written_rep: capacitance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pojemność (elektryczna)
sense_list:
(physics, uncountable) The property of an electric circuit or its element that permits it to store charge, defined as the ratio of stored charge to potential over that element or circuit (Q/V); SI unit: farad (F).


lexentry: eng/capacitor__Noun__1
written_rep: capacitor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kondensator
sense_list:
(electronics) An electronic component capable of storing electrical energy in an electric field; especially one consisting of two conductors separated by a dielectric.


lexentry: eng/cape__Noun__1
written_rep: cape
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przylądek | cypel
sense_list:
(geography) A piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into a sea or lake; a promontory; a headland.


lexentry: eng/cape__Noun__2
written_rep: cape
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: peleryna
sense_list:
A sleeveless garment or part of a garment, hanging from the neck over the back, arms, and shoulders.


lexentry: eng/caper__Noun__3
written_rep: caper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kapar
sense_list:
The pungent grayish green flower bud of the European and Oriental caper (Capparis spinosa), which is pickled and eaten. | A plant of the genus Capparis.


lexentry: eng/capercaillie__Noun__1
written_rep: capercaillie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: głuszec | głuszec zwyczajny
sense_list:
A large, black grouse of the genus Tetrao in the bird family Phasianidae, especially the western capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus.


lexentry: eng/capillarity__Noun__1
written_rep: capillarity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zjawiska kapilarne
sense_list:
The interaction between the surfaces of a solid and liquid in contact that distorts the normal geometry of the liquid surface; especially the rise or fall of a liquid in a fine tube.


lexentry: eng/capillary__Noun__1
written_rep: capillary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kapilara
sense_list:
(anatomy) Any of the small blood vessels (from 5 to 10 micrometres/micrometers (μm) in diameter) that connect arteries to veins (They are the smallest blood vessels in the body: they convey blood between the arterioles and venules).


lexentry: eng/capillary_action__Noun__1
written_rep: capillary action
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zjawiska kapilarne
sense_list:
(physics) The drawing of a liquid (often against gravity) into or up narrow interstices due to surface tension


lexentry: eng/capital-intensive__Adjective__1
written_rep: capital-intensive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kapitałochłonny
sense_list:
Needing a relatively large expenditure on capital, especially when compared to that spent on labour.


lexentry: eng/capital__Noun__1
written_rep: capital
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kapitał
sense_list:
(uncountable, business, finance, insurance) Money and wealth. The means to acquire goods and services, especially in a non-barter system.


lexentry: eng/capital_city__Noun__1
written_rep: capital city
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: stolica
sense_list:
A city (or cities) much larger or more important to a country than all others, regardless of the actual seat of government (cf., Moscow and Saint Petersburg regardless of moves of the Russian government; Amsterdam despite the Dutch government having been situated in The Hague since 1588).


lexentry: eng/capital_flight__Noun__1
written_rep: capital flight
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ucieczka kapitału
sense_list:
(economics) The rapid flow of money or assets out of a country in response to globalization or some other economic event.


lexentry: eng/capital_gain__Noun__1
written_rep: capital gain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zysk kapitałowy
sense_list:
(business, finance) An amount by which the value or the proceeds of the sale of a capital asset by its owner exceed its cost to the owner.


lexentry: eng/capital_stock__Noun__1
written_rep: capital stock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kapitał akcyjny
sense_list:
(legal, accounting, US) The total amount of common and preferred stock (shares) that a company can issue.


lexentry: eng/capitalisation__Noun__1
written_rep: capitalisation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kapitalizacja
sense_list:
Choice of case (when writing a word); the act or process of writing a word in a particular case, such as ALL CAPS, Title Case, CamelCase, Sentence case, or all lowercase.


lexentry: eng/capitalism__Noun__1
written_rep: capitalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: kapitalizm
sense_list:
(politics, economic liberalism) A socio-economic system based on private property rights, including the private ownership of resources or capital, with economic decisions made largely through the operation of a market unregulated by the state.


lexentry: eng/capitalize__Verb__1
written_rep: capitalize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pisać wielką literą | pisać z dużej litery
sense_list:
(transitive) In writing or editing, to write (something: either an entire word or text, or just the initial letter(s) thereof) in capital letters, in upper case.


lexentry: eng/capitalize__Verb__1
written_rep: capitalize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: spieniężać
sense_list:
(transitive, finance) To convert into capital, i.e., to get cash or similar immediately fungible resources for some less fungible property or source of future income.


lexentry: eng/capitulate__Verb__1
written_rep: capitulate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kapitulować | poddawać | poddać | skapitulować
sense_list:
(intransitive, originally only in military setting) To surrender on stipulated terms, end all resistance, give up, go along with or comply. [from the end of the 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/capitulation__Noun__1
written_rep: capitulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kapitulacja
sense_list:
The act of capitulating or surrendering to an enemy upon stipulated terms; the act of ceasing to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand.


lexentry: eng/capo_di_tutti_capi__Noun__1
written_rep: capo di tutti capi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szef wszystkich szefów
sense_list:
(slang) Boss of all the bosses, especially in the mafia, Cosa Nostra etc. Often used by law enforcement, the media and the public in general to describe a Mafia boss who exerts significant influence on how the Mafia should run.


lexentry: eng/capoeira__Noun__1
written_rep: capoeira
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: capoeira
sense_list:
(uncountable) A martial art developed in Brazil, involving complex acrobatic maneuvers and flowing movements.


lexentry: eng/caponier__Noun__1
written_rep: caponier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kaponiera
sense_list:
(military, historical) A work made across or in a ditch, to protect it from the enemy (as fire from it could cover the ditch), or to serve as a covered passageway (e.g. to outworks).


lexentry: eng/capotasto__Noun__1
written_rep: capotasto
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kapodaster
sense_list:
(music) A device, placed across the strings of a fretted instrument such as a guitar, to shorten the strings and thus allow upward transposition without altered fingering


lexentry: eng/cappuccino__Noun__1
written_rep: cappuccino
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cappuccino
sense_list:
(uncountable) An Italian coffee-based beverage made from espresso to which milk that has been steamed and/or frothed is added; (countable) a cup of this beverage. | (uncountable, also, attributively) A medium- to dark-brown colour like that of the coffee drink (sense 1) or the habit of a Capuchin monk.


lexentry: eng/capri_pants__Noun__1
written_rep: capri pants
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rybaczki
sense_list:
Casual pants or trousers, usually for women, with the bottom hem reaching to below the knee but above the ankle (at midcalf, more or less); usually lightweight and summery.


lexentry: eng/capric_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: capric acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas dekanowy
sense_list:
(fatty acid) A fatty acid, CH3(CH2)8COOH, obtained from animal fats, and used in the manufacture of perfumes and flavours.


lexentry: eng/caprice__Noun__1
written_rep: caprice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kaprys
sense_list:
An impulsive, seemingly unmotivated action, change of mind, or notion. | An unpredictable or sudden condition, change, or series of changes.


lexentry: eng/caprolactam__Noun__1
written_rep: caprolactam
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kaprolaktam
sense_list:
(organic compound) A lactam (cyclic amide) manufactured from cyclohexanone and used in the manufacture of nylon.


lexentry: eng/capsaicin__Noun__1
written_rep: capsaicin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kapsaicyna
sense_list:
(organic compound) A chemical compound found in chilli peppers, which is responsible for their piquancy.


lexentry: eng/capsicum__Noun__1
written_rep: capsicum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: papryka
sense_list:
Any of various tropical American plants, of the genus Capsicum, principally the species Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens, that are cultivated as edible peppers.


lexentry: eng/capstan__Noun__1
written_rep: capstan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kabestan
sense_list:
(especially, nautical) A vertical cylindrical machine that revolves on a spindle, typically surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for levers for turning it; used to apply force to cables, ropes, etc.


lexentry: eng/capsule__Noun__1
written_rep: capsule
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: torebka | torebka nasienna
sense_list:
(botany) A type of simple, dehiscent, dry fruit (seed-case) produced by many species of flowering plants, such as poppy, lily, orchid, willow and cotton.


lexentry: eng/capsule__Noun__1
written_rep: capsule
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: kapsuła
sense_list:
(astronautics) A detachable part of a rocket or spacecraft (usually in the nose) containing the crew's living space.


lexentry: eng/capsule__Noun__1
written_rep: capsule
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: kapturek termokurczliwy
sense_list:
(winemaking) The covering — formerly lead or tin, now often plastic — over the cork at the top of the wine bottle.


lexentry: eng/captain__Noun__1
written_rep: captain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kapitan
sense_list:
The person lawfully in command of a ship or other vessel. | An army officer with a rank between the most senior grade of lieutenant and major. | A commissioned officer in the United States Navy, Coast Guard, NOAA Corps, or PHS Corps of a grade superior to a commander and junior to a rear admiral (lower half). A captain is equal in grade or rank to a United States Army, Marine Corps, or Air Force colonel. | One of the athletes on a sports team who is designated to make decisions, and is allowed to speak for his team with a referee or official.


lexentry: eng/captain__Verb__1
written_rep: captain
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dowodzić
sense_list:
(intransitive) To act as captain | (transitive) To exercise command of a ship, aircraft or sports team.


lexentry: eng/caption__Noun__1
written_rep: caption
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: napisy
sense_list:
(cinematography, television) A piece of text appearing on screen as a subtitle or other part of a film or broadcast, describing dialogue (and sometimes other sound) for viewers who cannot hear.


lexentry: eng/captivate__Verb__1
written_rep: captivate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: urzekać
sense_list:
(figuratively) To attract and hold (someone's) attention and interest; to charm, to entrance, to fascinate, to enchain.


lexentry: eng/captive__Noun__1
written_rep: captive
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: jeniec | więzień
sense_list:
One held prisoner. | A captive insurance company, a subsidiary of a company used as its internal insurer.


lexentry: eng/capture__Verb__1
written_rep: capture
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: zbić
sense_list:
(transitive) To remove or take control of an opponent’s piece in a game (e.g., chess, go, checkers).


lexentry: eng/car__Noun__1
written_rep: car
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: samochód | auto | wóz | bryka | fura | gablota
sense_list:
A wheeled vehicle that moves independently, with at least three wheels, powered mechanically, steered by a driver and mostly for personal transportation.


lexentry: eng/car_battery__Noun__1
written_rep: car battery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akumulator samochodowy
sense_list:
(automotive) A 12-volt battery used to run the electric starter motor in order to ignite the internal combustion engine of an automobile, and power accessories when the engine is off and the alternator is not turning.


lexentry: eng/car_bomb__Noun__1
written_rep: car bomb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: samochód-pułapka
sense_list:
An automobile laden with a large amount of explosives, and used as a bomb primarily in order to cause external damage. | An alcoholic beverage made by dropping a shot of liquor into a glass of beer.


lexentry: eng/car_radio__Noun__1
written_rep: car radio
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: radio samochodowe
sense_list:
A radio receiver fitted in a car, typically on or just below the dashboard, sometimes with specific features for use while driving, such as traffic alert interrupts and alternative frequency functions (switching frequencies as one moves in and out of range of transmitters). | An on-board entertainment system in a car, usually including a radio receiver as well as the capability to play audio from recorded media.


lexentry: eng/car_wash__Noun__1
written_rep: car wash
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: automyjnia | myjnia samochodowa
sense_list:
A place at which a car is washed, usually for a fee and often mechanically by driving the car through a tunnel.


lexentry: eng/carabiner__Noun__1
written_rep: carabiner
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karabinek | karabińczyk
sense_list:
A metal link with a gate that can open and close, generally used for clipping ropes to anchors or other objects.


lexentry: eng/caracal__Noun__1
written_rep: caracal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karakal
sense_list:
A type of cat native to Southern Africa, West Asia, and parts of Central and South Asia, Caracal caracal.


lexentry: eng/caramelize__Verb__1
written_rep: caramelize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karmelizować | skarmelizować
sense_list:
(cooking, transitive) To convert (sugar) into caramel. | (cooking, transitive) To brown (sugar, or a foodstuff containing sugar) by means of heat.


lexentry: eng/carapace__Noun__1
written_rep: carapace
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karapaks
sense_list:
A hard protective covering of bone or chitin, especially one which covers the dorsal portion of an animal.


lexentry: eng/carat__Noun__1
written_rep: carat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karat
sense_list:
A metric unit of mass equal to exactly 200 mg, chiefly used for measuring precious stones and pearls. | (historical) Any of several small units of mass used for measuring precious stones and pearls, equivalent to 189–212 mg. | A 24-point scale used to measure the purity of gold.


lexentry: eng/caravan__Noun__1
written_rep: caravan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karawana
sense_list:
A convoy or procession of travellers, their cargo and vehicles, and any pack animals, especially camels crossing a desert.


lexentry: eng/caravanserai__Noun__1
written_rep: caravanserai
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karawanseraj
sense_list:
(chiefly, historical) A roadside inn, usually having a central courtyard where caravans (see sense 3) can rest, providing accommodation for travellers along trade routes in Asia and North Africa.


lexentry: eng/caravel__Noun__1
written_rep: caravel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karawela
sense_list:
(nautical, historical) A light, usually lateen-rigged sailing ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish for about 300 years from the 15th century, first for trade and later for voyages of exploration.


lexentry: eng/carbinol__Noun__1
written_rep: carbinol
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karbinol
sense_list:
(obsolete, organic compound, uncountable) The compound methanol. | (obsolete, organic chemistry, countable) Any substituted methanol.


lexentry: eng/carbohydrate__Noun__1
written_rep: carbohydrate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: węglowodan | sacharyd
sense_list:
(organic chemistry, nutrition) A sugar, starch, or cellulose that is a food source of energy for an animal or plant.


lexentry: eng/carbon-nitrogen-oxygen_cycle__Noun__1
written_rep: carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cykl węglowo-azotowo-tlenowy
sense_list:
(physics, astronomy) A group of nuclear reactions, involving the interaction of protons with carbon, nitrogen and oxygen nuclei, thought to be the main source of energy in main-sequence stars of greater than 1.4 solar mass.


lexentry: eng/carbon__Noun__1
written_rep: carbon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: węgiel
sense_list:
(uncountable) The chemical element (symbol C) with an atomic number of 6. It can be found in pure form for example as graphite, a black, shiny and very soft material, or diamond, a colourless, transparent, crystalline solid and the hardest known material. | A fossil fuel that is made of impure carbon such as coal or charcoal.


lexentry: eng/carbon_cycle__Noun__1
written_rep: carbon cycle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cykl węglowy
sense_list:
The physical cycle of carbon through the Earth’s biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere that includes such processes as photosynthesis, decomposition, respiration and carbonification.


lexentry: eng/carbon_dioxide__Noun__1
written_rep: carbon dioxide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dwutlenek węgla
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) The normal oxide of carbon, CO₂; a colorless, odorless gas formed during respiration and combustion and consumed by plants during photosynthesis.


lexentry: eng/carbon_fiber__Noun__1
written_rep: carbon fiber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: karbon
sense_list:
Ellipsis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer/plastic, a type of strong and lightweight composite material, especially epoxied composite laminate.


lexentry: eng/carbon_footprint__Noun__1
written_rep: carbon footprint
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ślad węglowy
sense_list:
A measure of the amount of carbon dioxide produced by a person, organization or state in a given time.


lexentry: eng/carbon_tax__Noun__1
written_rep: carbon tax
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: podatek węglowy
sense_list:
A tax levied on the carbon contents used by the burning fossil fuels, so as to discourage the production of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.


lexentry: eng/carbon_tetrachloride__Noun__1
written_rep: carbon tetrachloride
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tetrachlorometan
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) The halogenated hydrocarbon tetrachloromethane; a toxic, nonflammable liquid, used as a solvent, formerly used in dry cleaning and in fire extinguishers.


lexentry: eng/carbonado__Noun__2
written_rep: carbonado
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karbonado
sense_list:
(mineral) A dark, non-transparent, impure form of polycrystalline diamond (also containing graphite and amorphous carbon) used in drilling.


lexentry: eng/carbonated_water__Noun__1
written_rep: carbonated water
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sodówka | woda gazowana | woda sodowa
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Water that contains carbon dioxide dissolved in it under pressure and is intended for drinking.


lexentry: eng/carbonic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: carbonic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas węglowy
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) A weak unstable acid, H2CO3, known only in solution, and as carbonate salts; it is present in carbonated drinks, and sparkling wine, but decomposes to form carbon dioxide and water.


lexentry: eng/carboxyl__Noun__1
written_rep: carboxyl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: grupa karboksylowa
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) A univalent functional group consisting of a carbonyl and a hydroxyl functional group (-CO.OH); characteristic of carboxylic acids.


lexentry: eng/carbuncle__Noun__1
written_rep: carbuncle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karbunkuł
sense_list:
(archaic) A deep-red or fiery colored garnet or other dark red precious stone, especially when cut cabochon. | (pathology) An abscess larger than a boil, usually with one or more openings draining pus onto the skin. It is usually caused by staphylococcal infection.


lexentry: eng/carburetor__Noun__1
written_rep: carburetor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gaźnik
sense_list:
(US, Canada) A device in an internal combustion engine where fuel is vaporized and mixed with air prior to ignition. [from 1890s]


lexentry: eng/carcinoma__Noun__1
written_rep: carcinoma
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rak
sense_list:
(countable) An invasive malignant tumour derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body.


lexentry: eng/card__Noun__2
written_rep: card
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: zgrzebło
sense_list:
(textiles) A hand-held tool formed similarly to a hairbrush but with bristles of wire or other rigid material. It is used principally with raw cotton, wool, hair, or other natural fibers to prepare these materials for spinning into yarn or thread on a spinning wheel, with a whorl or other hand-held spindle. The card serves to untangle, clean, remove debris from, and lay the fibers straight.


lexentry: eng/cardamom__Noun__1
written_rep: cardamom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kardamon
sense_list:
The Elettaria cardamomum, an Indian herb. | (uncommon, inexact) , the seeds or seed capsules of Aframomum melegueta, of East Africa.


lexentry: eng/cardboard_box__Noun__1
written_rep: cardboard box
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karton
sense_list:
An industrially prefabricated box made from cardboard, primarily used for packaging goods or materials and often recycled. | A corrugated box. | (Cockney rhyming slang) Syphilis. | (slang, derogatory, uncommon) Someone who is very dull and uninteresting.


lexentry: eng/cardiac__Adjective__1
written_rep: cardiac
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sercowy
sense_list:
(biology, medicine) Pertaining to the heart. | (biology, medicine) Pertaining to the cardia of the stomach; cardial (cardial is the usual adjective in this sense).


lexentry: eng/cardiac_arrest__Noun__1
written_rep: cardiac arrest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: NZK | nagłe zatrzymanie krążenia | zatrzymanie akcji serca
sense_list:
(cardiology, pathology) The sudden and complete cessation of the heartbeat resulting in the loss of effective circulation of the blood.


lexentry: eng/cardigan__Noun__1
written_rep: cardigan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kardigan
sense_list:
A type of sweater or jumper that fastens up the front with buttons or a zipper, usually machine- or hand-knitted from wool.


lexentry: eng/cardinal__Adjective__1
written_rep: cardinal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kardynalny | kardynał
sense_list:
Of fundamental importance; crucial, pivotal. | Describing a “natural” number used to indicate quantity (e.g., zero, one, two, three), as opposed to an ordinal number indicating relative position.


lexentry: eng/cardinal__Noun__1
written_rep: cardinal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kardynał
sense_list:
(Roman Catholic) One of the officials appointed by the pope in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking only below the pope, equal to the patriarchs, constituting the special college which elects the pope. | Any of various species of New-World passerine songbird in the genus Cardinalis, or in the family Cardinalidae more generally, or of similar appearance and once considered to be related to the former; so called because of their red plumage. (See Wikipedia article for taxonomical information.)


lexentry: eng/cardinal__Noun__1
written_rep: cardinal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: purpura
sense_list:
A deep red color, somewhat less vivid than scarlet, the traditional colour of a Catholic cardinal's cassock. (same as cardinal red)


lexentry: eng/cardinal__Noun__1
written_rep: cardinal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: liczba kardynalna
sense_list:
(math) Ellipsis of cardinal number, a number indicating quantity, or the size of a set (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3). (See Cardinal_number.)


lexentry: eng/cardinal_number__Noun__1
written_rep: cardinal number
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: liczba kardynalna | liczebnik główny
sense_list:
(mathematics) A generalized kind of number used to denote the size of a set, including infinite sets.


lexentry: eng/cardinal_virtue__Noun__1
written_rep: cardinal virtue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cnota kardynalna
sense_list:
(Christianity, often, in the plural) One of the four foundational virtues identified by Greek and Christian philosophers, on which other virtues depend: justice, temperance, prudence, or fortitude.


lexentry: eng/cardinal_vowel__Noun__1
written_rep: cardinal vowel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: samogłoska kardynalna | samogłoska podstawowa
sense_list:
(phonetics) a vowel sound produced when the tongue is in an extreme position, either front or back, high or low.


lexentry: eng/cardioid__Noun__1
written_rep: cardioid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kardioida
sense_list:
(geometry) An epicycloid with exactly one cusp; the plane curve with polar equation \rho = 1 + \cos\,\theta - approximately heart-shaped


lexentry: eng/cardiopulmonary_resuscitation__Noun__1
written_rep: cardiopulmonary resuscitation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: resuscytacja | resuscytacja krążeniowo-oddechowa
sense_list:
A first aid procedure for cardiac arrest involving compression of the chest wall alternating with artificial respiration.


lexentry: eng/cardoon__Noun__1
written_rep: cardoon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kard | karczoch hiszpański | karczoch zwyczajny
sense_list:
Any of species Cynara cardunculus of prickly perennial plants which has leaf stalks eaten as a vegetable, related to the artichoke.


lexentry: eng/care__Verb__1
written_rep: care
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: martwić się
sense_list:
(transitive, intransitive) To be concerned (about), to have an interest (in); to feel concern (about).


lexentry: eng/care__Verb__1
written_rep: care
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: troszczyć się | obchodzić
sense_list:
(intransitive, polite, formal, chiefly in the negative) To want, to desire; to like; to be inclined towards or interested in.


lexentry: eng/care_for__Verb__1
written_rep: care for
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: opiekować się | troszczyć się o
sense_list:
(transitive, mostly, in the negative) To like or appreciate; to consider to be appealing, tasteful, or suitable.


lexentry: eng/careen__Verb__1
written_rep: careen
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przechylać | przechylić
sense_list:
(nautical, transitive) To heave a ship down on one side so as to expose the other, in order to clean it of barnacles and weed, or to repair it below the water line. | (nautical, intransitive) To tilt on one side.


lexentry: eng/career__Noun__1
written_rep: career
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kariera
sense_list:
One’s calling in life; a person’s occupation; one’s profession. | (obsolete) A racecourse; the ground run over.


lexentry: eng/careerism__Noun__1
written_rep: careerism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arywizm
sense_list:
(derogatory) The overwhelming desire or urge to advance one's own career or social status, usually at the expense of other personal interests, social growth, or ethics. | (chiefly, US) The perception that being a member of the military is a career, rather than an obligation to serve one's country.


lexentry: eng/careless__Adjective__1
written_rep: careless
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: niedbały
sense_list:
Not giving sufficient attention or thought, especially concerning the avoidance of harm or mistakes. [from 16thc.]


lexentry: eng/carer__Noun__1
written_rep: carer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: opiekun | opiekunka
sense_list:
(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) Someone who regularly looks after another person, either as a job or often through family responsibilities.


lexentry: eng/caress__Noun__1
written_rep: caress
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pieszczota
sense_list:
An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with tenderness. [from 1640s]


lexentry: eng/caretaker__Noun__1
written_rep: caretaker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dozorca | dozorczyni | opiekun | opiekunka
sense_list:
Someone who takes care of a place or thing; someone looking after a place, or responsible for keeping it in good repair.


lexentry: eng/caretaker_government__Noun__1
written_rep: caretaker government
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rząd tymczasowy
sense_list:
(politics) A government that rules temporarily, for example after a no-confidence motion in a parliamentary system.


lexentry: eng/cargo_hold__Noun__1
written_rep: cargo hold
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ładownia
sense_list:
(nautical) A hold on a ship (a ship's hold includes the forehold and stern hold), used to store cargo during a voyage.


lexentry: eng/carillon__Noun__1
written_rep: carillon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: carillon | karylion
sense_list:
(musical instrument) A set of bells, often in a bell tower, sometimes operated by means of a keyboard (manual or pedal), originating from the Low Countries.


lexentry: eng/carnassial__Noun__1
written_rep: carnassial
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: drapieżny
sense_list:
One of the teeth used by a carnivore for shearing flesh, being the last upper premolar and the first lower molar.


lexentry: eng/carnation__Noun__1
written_rep: carnation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: goździk
sense_list:
(botany) A type of Eurasian plant widely cultivated for its flowers. | The type of flower they bear, originally flesh-coloured, but since hybridizing found in a variety of colours.


lexentry: eng/carnauba__Noun__1
written_rep: carnauba
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: carnauba
sense_list:
A Brazilian palm tree having waxy, fan-shaped leaves and toothed leafstalks, Copernicia prunifera. | (uncountable) The hard wax obtained from the leaves of this plant and used especially in polishes.


lexentry: eng/carnet__Noun__1
written_rep: carnet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karnet
sense_list:
A ticket book, a collection of tickets in the form of a booklet often sold at a discount to single tickets.


lexentry: eng/carnival__Noun__1
written_rep: carnival
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karnawał
sense_list:
Any of a number of festivals held just before the beginning of Lent. | A festive occasion marked by parades and sometimes special foods and other entertainment.


lexentry: eng/carnivore__Noun__1
written_rep: carnivore
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mięsożerca | drapieżnik
sense_list:
An organism that feeds chiefly on animals; an animal that feeds on meat as the main part of its diet.


lexentry: eng/carotene__Noun__1
written_rep: carotene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karoten
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) A class of tetraterpene plant pigments; they vary in colour from yellow, through orange to red, this colour originating in a chain of alternating single and double bonds.


lexentry: eng/carotenoid__Noun__1
written_rep: carotenoid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karotenoid
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of yellow to red organic pigments including the carotenes and xanthophylls.


lexentry: eng/carp__Noun__1
written_rep: carp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karp
sense_list:
Any of various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae; specifically the common carp, Cyprinus carpio.


lexentry: eng/carp__Verb__1
written_rep: carp
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: utyskiwać
sense_list:
To criticize or complain about a fault, especially for frivolous or petty reasons; to cavil. [(often) with at]


lexentry: eng/carpal_tunnel__Noun__1
written_rep: carpal tunnel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Kanał nadgarstka
sense_list:
(countable, anatomy) A fibro-osseous passageway on the palmar side of the wrist that connects the distal forearm to the middle compartment of the deep plane of the palm.


lexentry: eng/carpel__Noun__1
written_rep: carpel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: słupek
sense_list:
(botany) A constituent part of a flower pistil: the female reproductive organs in a flower. A carpel is composed of an ovary, a style, and a stigma, although some flowers have carpels without a distinct style. In origin, carpels are leaves (megasporophylls) that have evolved to enclose the ovules. A pistil may be composed of a single carpel or of several carpels fused together.


lexentry: eng/carpenter__Noun__1
written_rep: carpenter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cieśla | stolarz | stolarka
sense_list:
A person skilled at carpentry, the trade of cutting and joining timber in order to construct buildings or other structures. | (nautical) A senior rating in ships responsible for all the woodwork onboard; in the days of sail, a warrant officer responsible for the hull, masts, spars and boats of a ship, and whose responsibility was to sound the well to see if the ship was making water. | (zoology) A carpenter bee.


lexentry: eng/carpentry__Noun__1
written_rep: carpentry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stolarstwo
sense_list:
(uncountable) The trade of cutting and joining timber in order to construct buildings or other structures; woodworking.


lexentry: eng/carpet_beater__Noun__1
written_rep: carpet beater
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: trzepaczka | trzepaczka do dywanów
sense_list:
A tool for beating dust out of carpets, cushions, etc., used in housecleaning before the invention of the vacuum cleaner.


lexentry: eng/carpet_bombing__Noun__1
written_rep: carpet bombing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nalot dywanowy
sense_list:
Large area bombardment done in a progressive manner to inflict damage in every part of a selected area of land.


lexentry: eng/carpetbagger__Noun__1
written_rep: carpetbagger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: spadochroniarz
sense_list:
(pejorative, by extension) One who comes to a place or organisation with which they have no previous connection with the sole or primary aim of personal gain, especially political or financial gain.


lexentry: eng/carport__Noun__1
written_rep: carport
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: podjazd | wiata | zadaszenie
sense_list:
A roofed structure for automobile storage, usually attached to a house and not fully enclosed like a garage but with at least one side open to the outdoors. [from 1936]


lexentry: eng/carrack__Noun__1
written_rep: carrack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karaka
sense_list:
(historical) A large European sailing vessel of the 14th to 17th centuries similar to a caravel but square-rigged on the foremast and mainmast and lateen-rigged on the mizzenmast.


lexentry: eng/carriage__Noun__1
written_rep: carriage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: wóz | kareta | powóz
sense_list:
A (mostly four-wheeled) lighter vehicle chiefly designed to transport people, generally drawn by horse power.


lexentry: eng/carriage_return__Noun__1
written_rep: carriage return
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: wejście
sense_list:
The key or lever that initiates the carriage return action (on a typewriter) or generates the carriage return character (on a computer).


lexentry: eng/carrier__Noun__1
written_rep: carrier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nośnik
sense_list:
A person or object that carries someone or something else. | A signal such as radio, sound, or light that is modulated to transmit information.


lexentry: eng/carrier__Noun__1
written_rep: carrier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: nosiciel | nosicielka
sense_list:
(genetics, pathology) A person or other organism that has a genetic trait, mutation or infection liable to cause a disease, but displays no symptoms.


lexentry: eng/carrier_bag__Noun__1
written_rep: carrier bag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: reklamówka
sense_list:
(UK) A bag made of thin polythene or paper, generally used for carrying groceries or other purchased items.


lexentry: eng/carrier_pigeon__Noun__1
written_rep: carrier pigeon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gołąb pocztowy
sense_list:
A domestic pigeon which transports attached messages or very small parcels from the place where it is released to a familiar destination.


lexentry: eng/carrier_wave__Noun__1
written_rep: carrier wave
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: fala nośna | częstotliwość nośna
sense_list:
(physics) A wave that can be modulated, either in amplitude, frequency, or phase, to carry or transmit images, music, speech, or other signals.


lexentry: eng/carrot__Noun__1
written_rep: carrot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: marchewka | marchew
sense_list:
A vegetable with a nutritious, juicy, sweet root that is often orange in colour, Daucus carota, family Apiaceae, especially the subspecies sativus.


lexentry: eng/carry-on__Noun__1
written_rep: carry-on
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bagaż podręczny
sense_list:
That luggage or baggage which is taken onto an airplane (or a ferry, etc.) with a passenger, rather than checked.


lexentry: eng/carry_oneself__Verb__1
written_rep: carry oneself
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: nosić
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To behave, especially with respect to how one's speech, body language, facial expressions, and grooming convey one's opinion concerning oneself.


lexentry: eng/carrying_basket__Noun__1
written_rep: carrying basket
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kosz do noszenia
sense_list:
A basket fitted with a strap or straps to allow it to be carried on the back with the carrier's arms free.


lexentry: eng/cart__Noun__1
written_rep: cart
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wóz | wózek | fura
sense_list:
A small, open, wheeled vehicle, drawn or pushed by a person or animal, often with two wheels on one axle, more often used for transporting goods than passengers.


lexentry: eng/cartel__Noun__1
written_rep: cartel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kartel
sense_list:
(economics) A group of businesses or nations that collude to limit competition within an industry or market. | (historical, legal) An official agreement concerning the exchange of prisoners.


lexentry: eng/cartilage__Noun__1
written_rep: cartilage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chrząstka
sense_list:
(skeleton, uncountable) A usually translucent and somewhat elastic, dense, nonvascular connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract, in structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos, being replaced by bone during ossification in the higher vertebrates.


lexentry: eng/cartilaginous__Adjective__1
written_rep: cartilaginous
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chrząstkowy
sense_list:
Related to or resembling cartilage. | (mycology) Having a tough or fibrous texture, usually in reference to a mushroom stipe.


lexentry: eng/cartilaginous_fish__Noun__1
written_rep: cartilaginous fish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ryba chrzęstnoszkieletowa
sense_list:
Any member of the taxonomic class Chondrichthyes, having a skeleton made of cartilage rather than bone. They can be contrasted with the Osteichthyes or bony fishes.


lexentry: eng/cartography__Noun__1
written_rep: cartography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kartografia
sense_list:
(uncountable) The creation of charts and maps based on the layout of a territory's geography. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/carton__Noun__1
written_rep: carton
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karton
sense_list:
An inexpensive, disposable box-like container fashioned from either paper, paper with wax-covering (wax paper), or other lightweight material.


lexentry: eng/cartouche__Noun__1
written_rep: cartouche
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kartusz
sense_list:
(architectural element) An ornamental figure, often on an oval shield. | (Egyptology, hieroglyphs) An oval figure containing the characters of an important personal name, such as that of royal or divine people.


lexentry: eng/cartridge__Noun__1
written_rep: cartridge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nabój
sense_list:
(firearms) The package consisting of the bullet, primer, and casing containing gunpowder; a round of ammunition.


lexentry: eng/cartridge__Noun__1
written_rep: cartridge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: kartridż | kartusz | kaseta drukująca | pojemnik z tuszem | wkład drukujący
sense_list:
(computing) A vessel which contains the ink or toner for a computer printer and can be easily replaced with another.


lexentry: eng/cartwheel__Noun__1
written_rep: cartwheel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: gwiazda
sense_list:
A gymnastic maneuver whereby the gymnast rotates to one side or the other while keeping arms and legs outstretched, spinning for one or more revolutions.


lexentry: eng/carve__Verb__1
written_rep: carve
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ryć
sense_list:
To shape to sculptural effect; to produce (a work) by cutting, or to cut (a material) into a finished work, especially with cuts that are curved rather than only straight slices. | To lay out; to contrive; to design; to plan.


lexentry: eng/caryatid__Noun__1
written_rep: caryatid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kariatyda
sense_list:
A sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.


lexentry: eng/caryopsis__Noun__1
written_rep: caryopsis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ziarniak
sense_list:
(botany) A type of fruit in which the fruit skin is stuck to the seed coat; especially the grain of a cereal.


lexentry: eng/cascabel__Noun__1
written_rep: cascabel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: grzechotnik
sense_list:
A small, round, hot variety of chili pepper, Capsicum annuum, which rattles when dry. | A knob at the end of a cannon, cast onto the gun breech, to which a heavy rope is attached in order to control recoil.


lexentry: eng/cascade__Noun__1
written_rep: cascade
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kaskada
sense_list:
A waterfall or series of small waterfalls. | A series of electrical (or other types of) components, the output of any one being connected to the input of the next.


lexentry: eng/case_closed__Phrase__1
written_rep: case closed
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: sprawa zamknięta
sense_list:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see A case is closed; specifically, a police investigation or similar is resolved.


lexentry: eng/case_law__Noun__1
written_rep: case law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prawo precedensowe
sense_list:
Law developed by judges through court decisions and opinions, as distinct from statute and other legislation.


lexentry: eng/case_sensitive__Adjective__1
written_rep: case sensitive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rozróżniający wielkość liter
sense_list:
(computer science) Distinguishing upper- and lower-case letters. Often used in computer science to indicate a distinction is made in comparison or equality of letters based on case. For example, a case-sensitive password will not recognize "Password" and "password" as the same, but a case insensitive comparison would.


lexentry: eng/case_study__Noun__1
written_rep: case study
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: studium przypadku
sense_list:
(uncountable) Research performed in detail on a single individual, group, incident or community, as opposed to, for instance, a sample of the whole population.


lexentry: eng/casemate__Noun__1
written_rep: casemate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kazamata
sense_list:
(military) A bombproof chamber, usually of masonry, in which cannon may be placed, to be fired through embrasures; or one capable of being used as a magazine, or for quartering troops.


lexentry: eng/cash__Noun__1
written_rep: cash
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gotówka | pieniądze
sense_list:
(uncountable) Money in the form of notes or bills and coins, as opposed to checks, credit or electronic transactions.


lexentry: eng/cash_cow__Noun__1
written_rep: cash cow
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dojna krowa | żyła złota
sense_list:
(business) A product, service, or enterprise that generates ongoing, high net free cash flows. | (by extension) Someone or something which is a dependable source of appreciable amounts of money.


lexentry: eng/cash_desk__Noun__1
written_rep: cash desk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kasa
sense_list:
A place in a restaurant, bar, or shop etc, typically containing a cash register, where a customer can pay the bill.


lexentry: eng/cash_in__Verb__1
written_rep: cash in
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: wymieniać
sense_list:
(figurative) To profit from something; to take advantage of an opportunity in order to profit, especially financially.


lexentry: eng/cash_on_delivery__Noun__1
written_rep: cash on delivery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: płatność przy odbiorze
sense_list:
A kind of transaction in which goods are paid for in full in cash or by certified check only once they are received by the buyer.


lexentry: eng/cash_register__Noun__1
written_rep: cash register
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kasa | kasa fiskalna
sense_list:
A machine that tabulates the amount of sales transactions, makes a permanent and cumulative record of them, and has a drawer in which cash can be kept.


lexentry: eng/cashew__Noun__1
written_rep: cashew
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nerkowiec
sense_list:
A tree, Anacardium occidentale, native to northeastern Brazil, now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew nuts and cashew apples.


lexentry: eng/cashless__Adjective__1
written_rep: cashless
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bezgotówkowy
sense_list:
Operating without the need for cash, such as by accepting nondigital, noncash forms of payment (e.g., chit, cheques, money orders) or (in the 21st century, usually) using digital payment methods (e-payment).


lexentry: eng/cashmere__Noun__1
written_rep: cashmere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kaszmir
sense_list:
(mostly, uncountable) Fine, downy wool from beneath the outer hair of the Cashmere goat. | (mostly, uncountable) A soft fabric made of this wool.


lexentry: eng/cask__Noun__1
written_rep: cask
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: baryłka | antał | antałek | beczułka
sense_list:
A large barrel for the storage of liquid, especially of alcoholic drinks. (See a diagram of cask sizes.)


lexentry: eng/casserole__Noun__1
written_rep: casserole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: brytfanna | gęsiarka | naczynie żaroodporne
sense_list:
(countable) A dish of glass or earthenware, with a lid, in which food is baked and sometimes served.


lexentry: eng/cassette__Noun__1
written_rep: cassette
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kaseta
sense_list:
A small flat case containing magnetic tape on two reels, used to record and play back audio and video material. | (cycling) A set of sprockets mounted onto a splined shaft on the freehub.


lexentry: eng/cassock__Noun__1
written_rep: cassock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sutanna
sense_list:
An item of clerical clothing: a long, sheath-like, close-fitting, ankle-length robe worn by clergy members of some Christian denominations. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/cassowary__Noun__1
written_rep: cassowary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kazuar
sense_list:
Any large flightless bird of the genus Casuarius that is native to Australia and New Guinea, has a characteristic bony crest on its head, and can be very dangerous.


lexentry: eng/cast__Noun__1
written_rep: cast
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: obsada
sense_list:
(art) The collective group of actors performing a play or production together. Contrasted with crew.


lexentry: eng/cast__Verb__1
written_rep: cast
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: linieć | ronić | uronić | wylinieć | zrzucać | zrzucić
sense_list:
(of an animal) To throw off (the skin) as a process of growth; to shed the hair or fur of the coat. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/cast__Verb__1
written_rep: cast
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: rzucać | rzucić
sense_list:
To perform, bring forth (a magical spell or enchantment). | To throw (light etc.) on or upon something, or in a given direction.


lexentry: eng/cast__Verb__1
written_rep: cast
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: odlewać | formować | odlać | uformować | ulać | ulewać
sense_list:
To shape (molten metal etc.) by pouring into a mould; to make (an object) in such a way. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/cast__Verb__1
written_rep: cast
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: zarzucać | zarzucić
sense_list:
(nautical) To bring the bows of a sailing ship on to the required tack just as the anchor is weighed by use of the headsail; to bring (a ship) round. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/cast_off__Verb__1
written_rep: cast off
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: decydować
sense_list:
(intransitive, knitting) To finish the last row of knitted stitches and remove them securely from the needle.


lexentry: eng/castable__Adjective__1
written_rep: castable
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rzutowalny
sense_list:
(engineering) Capable of being cast, as in a mould. | (programming) Capable of being cast to another data type.


lexentry: eng/castanet__Noun__1
written_rep: castanet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kastaniety
sense_list:
(musical instruments, chiefly, in the plural) A single handheld percussion instrument consisting of a pair of concave shells or shell-shaped parts joined on one edge by string.


lexentry: eng/caste__Noun__1
written_rep: caste
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kasta
sense_list:
Any of the hereditary social classes and subclasses of South Asian societies or similar found historically in other cultures.


lexentry: eng/castellan__Noun__1
written_rep: castellan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kasztelan
sense_list:
(chiefly, _, historical) The governor or caretaker entrusted to oversee a castle or keep for its lord.


lexentry: eng/caster__Noun__1
written_rep: caster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: koło kastora
sense_list:
(automotive) The angle of the axis around which a car's front wheels rotate when the steering wheel is turned, with a vertical axis being defined as zero caster.


lexentry: eng/caster_sugar__Noun__1
written_rep: caster sugar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: drobny biały cukier
sense_list:
Granulated sugar that has been sifted to have a finer crystal size, so that it can be shaken out of the holes of a caster.


lexentry: eng/castigate__Verb__1
written_rep: castigate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: krytykować | piętnować | potępiać
sense_list:
(transitive, formal) To execrate or condemn something in a harsh manner, especially by public criticism.


lexentry: eng/casting__Noun__1
written_rep: casting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: casting
sense_list:
The act or process of selecting actors, singers, dancers, models, etc. | (hunting) Of hounds, the act of spreading out and searching for a scent.


lexentry: eng/castle__Noun__1
written_rep: castle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zamek
sense_list:
A large residential building or compound that is fortified and contains many defences; in previous ages often inhabited by a nobleman or king. Also, a house or mansion with some of the architectural features of medieval castles.


lexentry: eng/castle__Verb__1
written_rep: castle
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: wieża
sense_list:
(usually, _, intransitive, shogi) To create a similar defensive position in Japanese chess through several moves.


lexentry: eng/castle_in_the_air__Noun__1
written_rep: castle in the air
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: marzenie ściętej głowy
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A desire, idea, or plan that is unlikely to ever be realized; a visionary project or scheme; a daydream, an idle fancy, a near impossibility. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/castling__Noun__2
written_rep: castling
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: roszada
sense_list:
(chess) A move in which the king moves two squares towards a rook, and the rook moves to the other side of the king; the action of the verb to castle.


lexentry: eng/castor_oil__Noun__1
written_rep: castor oil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: olej rycynowy
sense_list:
The pale yellow vegetable oil extracted from the castor bean; used as a laxative and an industrial lubricant.


lexentry: eng/castor_oil_plant__Noun__1
written_rep: castor oil plant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rącznik | kleszczowina | rycynus | rącznik pospolity
sense_list:
A plant of the species Ricinus communis, used in the production of castor oil and of the poison ricin.


lexentry: eng/castoreum__Noun__1
written_rep: castoreum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kastoreum | strój bobrowy
sense_list:
The bitter exudate of the castor sacs of mature beavers, used as a scent mark, and as a tincture in some perfumes.


lexentry: eng/castrato__Noun__1
written_rep: castrato
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kastrat | eunuch | rzezaniec | trzebieniec
sense_list:
A male who has been castrated, especially a male whose testicles have been removed before puberty in order to retain his boyish voice.


lexentry: eng/castrato__Noun__1
written_rep: castrato
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kastrat
sense_list:
A male soprano or alto voice produced by castration of the treble singer before puberty, intended to conserve his voice; the singer.


lexentry: eng/casualty__Noun__1
written_rep: casualty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: ofiara | poszkodowany
sense_list:
(military) A person in military service who becomes unavailable for duty, for any reason (notably death, injury, illness, capture, or desertion).


lexentry: eng/casuistry__Noun__1
written_rep: casuistry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kazuistyka
sense_list:
The process of answering practical questions via interpretation of rules, or of cases that illustrate such rules, especially in ethics; case-based reasoning.


lexentry: eng/cat's_claw__Noun__1
written_rep: cat's claw
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: wibudłak
sense_list:
Martynia annua (small-fruit devil's-claw, tiger's-claw, iceplant), a plant species endemic to Brazil


lexentry: eng/cat's_eye__Noun__1
written_rep: cat's eye
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kocie oczko
sense_list:
(countable, especially, Commonwealth, usually, _, in the plural) A retroreflective device placed on a road surface as a marking that can be seen even at night.


lexentry: eng/cat-o'-nine-tails__Noun__1
written_rep: cat-o'-nine-tails
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kańczug
sense_list:
(nautical) A scourge (multi-tail whip) having nine, often knotted, whipcords, formerly used for flogging as naval punishment.


lexentry: eng/cat__Noun__1
written_rep: cat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kot
sense_list:
An animal of the family Felidae: | Any similar animal of the family Felidae, which includes lions, tigers, bobcats, leopards, cougars, cheetahs, caracals, lynxes, and other such non-domesticated species.


lexentry: eng/cat_and_mouse__Noun__1
written_rep: cat and mouse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bawić się w kotka i myszkę
sense_list:
A relationship in which two parties closely monitor and challenge one another in a suspicious or self-protective manner, often because each party is attempting to gain an advantage over the other. | A children's game in which one player (the "cat") attempts to break through a ring of players to catch another player (the "mouse") in the centre.


lexentry: eng/cat_flap__Noun__1
written_rep: cat flap
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klapka
sense_list:
A small, hinged panel, usually cut into a door, with an opening just large enough for a cat to enter.


lexentry: eng/cat_food__Noun__1
written_rep: cat food
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kotów
sense_list:
A type of food specially formulated for the feeding of cats, typically composed of processed grain and meat byproducts as dry food or canned fish or meat as wet food.


lexentry: eng/cat_litter__Noun__1
written_rep: cat litter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kuweta dla kota
sense_list:
Fuller's earth, clay pellets, wood chips, or similar loose absorbent materials used for the waste of pet cats.


lexentry: eng/cat_thyme__Noun__1
written_rep: cat thyme
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ożanka
sense_list:
A low-growing herb, Teucrium marum, related to germander, which has a pungent scent that causes sneezing, but is attractive to cats.


lexentry: eng/catabolism__Noun__1
written_rep: catabolism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katabolizm
sense_list:
(biochemistry) Destructive (lytic) metabolism or metabolization, usually including the release of energy and breakdown of materials.


lexentry: eng/catachresis__Noun__1
written_rep: catachresis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katachreza
sense_list:
A misuse of a word; an application of a term to something which it does not properly denote. | (rhetoric) A misapplication or overextension of a figurative or analogical description; a wrongly applied metaphor or trope.


lexentry: eng/catacomb__Noun__1
written_rep: catacomb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katakumby | katakumb | katakumba
sense_list:
(often plural) An underground system of tunnels and chambers with recesses for graves, used (in former times) as a cemetery; a tunnel system used for burying the dead, as in Paris or Ancient Rome.


lexentry: eng/catalepsy__Noun__1
written_rep: catalepsy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katalepsja
sense_list:
(pathology) A severe bodily condition, described in psychiatric pathology, marked by sudden rigidity, fixation of posture, and loss of contact with environmental conditions.


lexentry: eng/catalogue__Noun__1
written_rep: catalogue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katalog
sense_list:
A systematic list of books, names, pictures, etc. | A list of all the publications in a library; a library catalogue.


lexentry: eng/catalyst__Noun__1
written_rep: catalyst
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katalizator
sense_list:
(chemistry) A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. | (figurative) Something that encourages progress or change.


lexentry: eng/catalytic__Adjective__1
written_rep: catalytic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katalityczny
sense_list:
(chemistry) Of or relating to a catalyst; having properties facilitating chemical reaction or change.


lexentry: eng/catalytic_converter__Noun__1
written_rep: catalytic converter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katalizator
sense_list:
(automotive) A chamber containing a finely divided platinum catalyst in which carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust are oxidized to carbon dioxide.


lexentry: eng/catalyze__Verb__1
written_rep: catalyze
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katalizować
sense_list:
(chemistry, transitive) To bring about the catalysis of a chemical reaction. | (transitive) To accelerate a process.


lexentry: eng/cataphatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: cataphatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katafatyczny
sense_list:
(theology) Pertaining to the expression of God in terms of what God is, rather than in terms of what God is not (apophatic).


lexentry: eng/cataphract__Noun__2
written_rep: cataphract
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katafrakt
sense_list:
(military, historical) A soldier (especially a horseman) covered with a cataphract (etymology 1, sense 1).


lexentry: eng/catapult__Verb__1
written_rep: catapult
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katapultować
sense_list:
(transitive) To fire a missile from a catapult. | (intransitive) To be fired from a catapult or as if from a catapult.


lexentry: eng/catastrophe_theory__Noun__1
written_rep: catastrophe theory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: teoria katastrof
sense_list:
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics dealing with dynamical systems which can undergo abrupt irreversible qualitative changes due to a tiny change in parameters.


lexentry: eng/catatonia__Noun__1
written_rep: catatonia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katatonia
sense_list:
A severe psychiatric condition, often associated with schizophrenia, characterized by a tendency to remain in a rigid state of stupor for long periods which give way to short periods of extreme agitation.


lexentry: eng/catboat__Noun__1
written_rep: catboat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ket
sense_list:
A sailing boat with a single sail, usually rigged on a gaff spar, used for fishing in New England and later adapted for racing and cruising. It has a single mast set near to the bow and a long boom which may extend over the stern.


lexentry: eng/catch__Noun__1
written_rep: catch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: haczyk
sense_list:
(countable, sometimes, _, noun adjunct) A concealed difficulty, especially in a deal or negotiation.


lexentry: eng/catch__Verb__1
written_rep: catch
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: chwytać | łapać | chwycić | złapać
sense_list:
(transitive) To seize or intercept an object moving through the air (or, sometimes, some other medium). [from 16thc.]


lexentry: eng/catch_of_the_day__Noun__1
written_rep: catch of the day
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: partia
sense_list:
(informal, idiomatic) A person who is a popular or desirable choice to be a partner in a prospective marital or romantic relationship.


lexentry: eng/catchment__Noun__1
written_rep: catchment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: basen
sense_list:
(often, attributive) Any structure or land feature which catches and holds water; the collection of such water.


lexentry: eng/catchword__Noun__1
written_rep: catchword
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kustosz
sense_list:
(printing, historical) A word under the right-hand side of the last line on a book page that repeats the first word on the following page.


lexentry: eng/catecholamine__Noun__1
written_rep: catecholamine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katecholamina
sense_list:
(biochemistry) Any of a class of aromatic amines derived from pyrocatechol that are hormones produced by the adrenal gland.


lexentry: eng/catechumen__Noun__1
written_rep: catechumen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katechumen | katechumenka
sense_list:
A convert to Christianity under instruction before baptism; a young or recent Christian preparing for confirmation.


lexentry: eng/category__Noun__1
written_rep: category
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kategoria
sense_list:
A group, often named or numbered, to which items are assigned based on similarity or defined criteria. | (mathematics) A collection of objects, together with a transitively closed collection of composable arrows between them, such that every object has an identity arrow, and such that arrow composition is associative.


lexentry: eng/category_theory__Noun__1
written_rep: category theory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: teoria kategorii
sense_list:
(mathematics) A branch of mathematics which deals with spaces and maps between them in abstraction, taking similar theorems from various disparate more concrete branches of mathematics and unifying them.


lexentry: eng/catenary__Noun__1
written_rep: catenary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: krzywa łańcuchowa
sense_list:
(engineering) Any physical cable, rope, chain, or other weight-supporting structure taking such geometric shape, as a suspension cable for a bridge or a power-transmission line or an arch for a bridge or roof.


lexentry: eng/caterpillar_track__Noun__1
written_rep: caterpillar track
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gąsienica
sense_list:
A generic trademark name for a continuous track in the form of a steel or rubber belt fitted around the wheels of crawlers, bulldozers, excavators, loaders, backhoes, tanks and similar off-road vehicles in such a manner as to spread the load on the ground surface and thereby improve traction and reduce sinking into soft surfaces.


lexentry: eng/catgirl__Noun__1
written_rep: catgirl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: dziewczyna-kot
sense_list:
(Japanese fiction) A female fictional character who has a cat's ears, tail, or other feline characteristics on an otherwise humanoid body.


lexentry: eng/catharsis__Noun__1
written_rep: catharsis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katharsis
sense_list:
(drama) A release of emotional tension after an overwhelming vicarious experience, resulting in the purging or purification of the emotions, as through watching a dramatic production (especially a tragedy). | Any release of emotional tension to the same effect, more widely. | (psychology) A therapeutic technique to relieve tension by reestablishing the association of an emotion with the memory or idea of the event that first caused it, and then eliminating it by complete expression (called the abreaction).


lexentry: eng/cathead__Noun__1
written_rep: cathead
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kotbelka
sense_list:
A heavy piece of timber projecting somewhat horizontally from each side of the bow of a ship on which an anchor is raised or lowered, and secured when not used, from its stock end.


lexentry: eng/cathedral__Noun__1
written_rep: cathedral
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katedra
sense_list:
The principal church serving as the office (and some as place of residence) of an archdiocese's/a diocese's archbishop/bishop which is symbolized by an episcopal throne known as the cathedra. | (loosely or informally) A large or important church building.


lexentry: eng/cathedral_city__Noun__1
written_rep: cathedral city
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: miasto katedralne
sense_list:
A title awarded to a town in the United Kingdom which, before letters patent, held city status by virtue of having a cathedral within its bounds.


lexentry: eng/catheter__Noun__1
written_rep: catheter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cewnik | kateter
sense_list:
(medicine) A small tube inserted into a body cavity to administer a drug, create an opening, distend a passageway, or remove fluid.


lexentry: eng/cathetus__Noun__1
written_rep: cathetus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyprostokątna
sense_list:
(geometry) A line perpendicular to a surface (or line); in particular, either of the sides of a right triangle other than its hypotenuse.


lexentry: eng/cathode__Noun__1
written_rep: cathode
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katoda
sense_list:
(electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows outwards (and thus, electrons flow inwards). It can have either a negative or a positive voltage with respect to anode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).


lexentry: eng/catkin__Noun__1
written_rep: catkin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bazia | kotka
sense_list:
(botany) A type of inflorescence, consisting of an axis with many unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and poplar.


lexentry: eng/catnip__Noun__1
written_rep: catnip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kocimiętka
sense_list:
Any of the about 250 species of flowering plant of the genus Nepeta, family Lamiaceae, certain of which are said to have medicinal qualities.


lexentry: eng/catnip__Noun__1
written_rep: catnip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kocimiętka właściwa
sense_list:
Nepeta cataria and Nepeta grandiflora (and perhaps other species), which are well-known for causing an apparently harmless pheromone-based intoxication among certain cats.


lexentry: eng/catoblepas__Noun__1
written_rep: catoblepas
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katoblepas
sense_list:
A legendary creature from Ethiopia, said to have the body of a Cape buffalo, scales on its back, and the head of a wild boar, which always points downward because of its weight.


lexentry: eng/catperson__Noun__1
written_rep: catperson
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kociarz
sense_list:
(fiction) An anthropomorphic feline, or a person who has characteristics of a cat on an otherwise human body, such as cat ears and a cat tail.


lexentry: eng/cattail__Noun__1
written_rep: cattail
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pałka
sense_list:
(US, historically, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire) Any of several perennial herbs, of the genus Typha, that have long flat leaves, and grow in marshy places.


lexentry: eng/catty__Adjective__1
written_rep: catty
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chabet
sense_list:
(informal, of a person or remark) With subtle hostility in an effort to hurt, annoy, or upset, particularly among women. | (informal) Resembling or characteristic of a cat.


lexentry: eng/caul__Noun__1
written_rep: caul
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: czepek
sense_list:
The amnion which encloses the foetus before birth, especially that part of it which sometimes shrouds a baby’s head at birth (traditionally considered to be good luck). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/cauliflower__Noun__1
written_rep: cauliflower
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kalafior
sense_list:
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, an annual variety of cabbage, of which the cluster of young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable. | The edible head or curd of a cauliflower plant.


lexentry: eng/cauliflower_ear__Noun__1
written_rep: cauliflower ear
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ucho kalafiorowate
sense_list:
(boxing, wrestling, sport, pathology) An ear swollen and deformed by repeated blows, common among boxers and rugby players.


lexentry: eng/caulking_gun__Noun__1
written_rep: caulking gun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pistolet wyciskowy
sense_list:
A tool for applying sealant, adhesives, etc., consisting of a metal skeleton with spring-loaded trigger into which a tube of sealant, caulk, etc., is fitted.


lexentry: eng/cause__Noun__1
written_rep: cause
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyczyna
sense_list:
(countable, often with of, typically of adverse results) The source of, or reason for, an event or action; that which produces or effects a result.


lexentry: eng/cause_célèbre__Noun__1
written_rep: cause célèbre
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: głośna sprawa
sense_list:
(chiefly, UK) An issue or incident (originally, a legal case) arousing widespread controversy or public debate.


lexentry: eng/cause_of_death__Noun__1
written_rep: cause of death
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyczyna śmierci
sense_list:
The official cause of a human death as typically determined by a coroner during an autopsy and included on the death certificate of a deceased person.


lexentry: eng/causeway__Noun__1
written_rep: causeway
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: droga na grobli | grobla
sense_list:
A road that is raised so as to be above water, marshland, and similar low-lying obstacles, which in some cases may flood periodically (e.g. due to tides). Originally causeways were much like dykes, generally pierced to let water through, whereas many modern causeways are more like bridges or viaducts.


lexentry: eng/caustic_soda__Noun__1
written_rep: caustic soda
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: soda kaustyczna | soda żrąca | wodorotlenek sodu
sense_list:
sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong alkaline substance used in the manufacture of paint, soap and detergents, or as a drain cleaner.


lexentry: eng/cauterize__Verb__1
written_rep: cauterize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kauteryzować
sense_list:
To burn and hence seal open tissue using a heated article or caustic agent so as to stop bleeding or minimise the risk of infection.


lexentry: eng/caution_-_slippery_when_wet__Phrase__1
written_rep: caution - slippery when wet
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: uwaga - ﻿nawierzchnia śliska, gdy mokra
sense_list:
Warning, often in the form of a sign, that people should pay attention when walking on a wet and slippery floor not to fall down and get injured.


lexentry: eng/caution__Noun__1
written_rep: caution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ostrzeżenie | przestroga
sense_list:
Prudence when faced with, or when expecting to face, danger; care taken in order to avoid risk or harm.


lexentry: eng/caution__Noun__1
written_rep: caution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ostrożność | przezorność | roztropność | uwaga
sense_list:
A careful attention to the probable effects of an act, in order that failure or harm may be avoided.


lexentry: eng/cavalier__Noun__1
written_rep: cavalier
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jeździec
sense_list:
(historical) A military man serving on horse, (chiefly) early modern cavalry officers who had abandoned the heavy armor of medieval knights. | (historical) A gallant: a sprightly young dashing military man.


lexentry: eng/cavalry__Noun__1
written_rep: cavalry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jazda | kawaleria | konnica
sense_list:
(military, usually, _, historical, uncountable) The military arm of service that fights while riding horses.


lexentry: eng/cave_in__Verb__1
written_rep: cave in
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: uginać się | ugiąć się
sense_list:
To collapse inward or downward. | (figurative) To relent; to grant approval against one's initial will.


lexentry: eng/cave_painting__Noun__1
written_rep: cave painting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: malarstwo jaskiniowe | malarstwo naskalne
sense_list:
(uncountable) The paintings resulting from this activity regarded collectively, especially if prehistoric; cave art; (countable) an individual painting of this type.


lexentry: eng/cavitation__Noun__1
written_rep: cavitation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kawitacja
sense_list:
(fluid dynamics) The formation, in a fluid, of vapor bubbles that rapidly collapse, especially in a rotating marine propeller or pump impeller.


lexentry: eng/cavity__Noun__1
written_rep: cavity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ubytek
sense_list:
(dentistry) A small or large hole in a tooth caused by caries; often also a soft area adjacent to the hole also affected by caries.


lexentry: eng/cedar__Noun__1
written_rep: cedar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cedr
sense_list:
(countable) A coniferous tree of the genus Cedrus in the family Pinaceae. | (uncountable) The aromatic wood from a Cedrus tree, or from any of several not closely related trees.


lexentry: eng/ceiling__Noun__1
written_rep: ceiling
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: pułap
sense_list:
The upper limit of an object or action. | (aviation) The highest altitude at which an aircraft can safely maintain flight.


lexentry: eng/celebrate__Verb__1
written_rep: celebrate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: obchodzić | celebrować
sense_list:
(transitive) To honour by rites, by ceremonies of joy and respect, or by refraining from ordinary business; to observe duly.


lexentry: eng/celebrity__Noun__1
written_rep: celebrity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: gwiazda | celebryta | celebrytka | osobowość medialna
sense_list:
A person who has a high degree of recognition by the general population for his or her success or accomplishments; a famous person. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/celeriac__Noun__1
written_rep: celeriac
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: seler
sense_list:
A form of celery, Apium graveolens, having an aromatic taproot eaten as a vegetable. [from mid 18th century]


lexentry: eng/celesta__Noun__1
written_rep: celesta
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czelesta
sense_list:
(musical instruments) A musical instrument consisting principally of a set of graduated steel plates struck with hammers that are activated by a keyboard.


lexentry: eng/celestial__Adjective__1
written_rep: celestial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: niebiański
sense_list:
of or related to Heaven and the divine. | Relating to the sky or outer space, regarded as the realm of the sun, moon, planets, and stars.


lexentry: eng/celestial_body__Noun__1
written_rep: celestial body
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ciało niebieskie
sense_list:
(astronomy, astrology) A natural object which is located outside of Earth's atmosphere, such as a comet, an asteroid, the Moon, a planet, the Sun, or a star.


lexentry: eng/celestial_sphere__Noun__1
written_rep: celestial sphere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sfera niebieska
sense_list:
(astronomy) The apparent outer limit of space; an abstract sphere of infinite radius which serves as the imaginary backdrop for celestial objects, and of which the visible sky is one hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/celestine__Noun__2
written_rep: celestine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: celestyn
sense_list:
(mineral) A mineral with orthorhombic crystals, SrSO4, colourless or white with blue and sometimes red shades.


lexentry: eng/celibacy__Noun__1
written_rep: celibacy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: celibat
sense_list:
Abstaining from marriage; the state of being unmarried. | (by extension) Abstinence from sexual relations.


lexentry: eng/cell__Noun__1
written_rep: cell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: cela | komórka
sense_list:
A small room in a monastery or nunnery accommodating one person. [from 14th c.] | A room in a prison or jail for one or more inmates. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/cell__Noun__1
written_rep: cell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: komórka
sense_list:
(biology, now, chiefly, botany) Any of various chambers in a tissue or organism having specific functions. [from 14th c.] | (cellular automata) The minimal unit of a cellular automaton that can change state and has an associated behavior. [from 20th c.] | (communication) A short, fixed-length packet, as in asynchronous transfer mode. [from 20th c.] | (communication) A region of radio reception that is a part of a larger radio network.


lexentry: eng/cell__Noun__1
written_rep: cell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: ogniwo | komórka
sense_list:
(obsolete) Specifically, any of the supposed compartments of the brain, formerly thought to be the source of specific mental capacities, knowledge, or memories. [14th–19th c.] | A device which stores electrical power; used either singly or together in batteries; the basic unit of a battery. [from 19th c.] | A small group of people forming part of a larger organization, often an outlawed one. [from 20th c.] | (entomology) An area of an insect wing bounded by veins.


lexentry: eng/cell__Noun__1
written_rep: cell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 12
trans_list: komórka | cela
sense_list:
(biology) The basic unit of a living organism, consisting of a quantity of protoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, which is able to synthesize proteins and replicate itself. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/cell__Noun__1
written_rep: cell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 13
trans_list: komórka burzowa
sense_list:
(meteorology) A small thunderstorm, caused by convection, that forms ahead of a storm front. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/cell_wall__Noun__1
written_rep: cell wall
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ściana komórkowa
sense_list:
(cytology) A thick, fairly rigid, layer formed around individual cells of bacteria, Archaea, fungi, plants, and algae (but not animals and other protists which generally have cell membranes without cell walls). The cell wall is external to the cell membrane and serves a structural function helping the cell maintain its shape and protecting the cell from damage.


lexentry: eng/cello__Noun__1
written_rep: cello
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wiolonczela
sense_list:
A large unfretted stringed instrument of the violin family with four strings tuned (lowest to highest) C-G-D-A and an endpin to support its weight, usually played with a bow.


lexentry: eng/cellulite__Noun__1
written_rep: cellulite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: celulit
sense_list:
The dimpled appearance of skin caused by the protrusion of subcutaneous adipose tissue, especially on a woman's hips and thighs.


lexentry: eng/celluloid__Noun__1
written_rep: celluloid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: celuloid
sense_list:
Any of a variety of thermoplastics created from nitrocellulose and camphor, once used as photographic film.


lexentry: eng/cellulose__Noun__1
written_rep: cellulose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: celuloza
sense_list:
A complex carbohydrate that forms the main constituent of the cell wall in most plants and is important in the manufacture of numerous products, such as paper, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and explosives.


lexentry: eng/cellulose_acetate__Noun__1
written_rep: cellulose acetate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: acetyloceluloza | octan celulozy
sense_list:
A biopolymer material of diverse uses including as photographic film stock, as a component in some coatings, as a frame material for eyeglasses, and as a synthetic fiber in the manufacture of cigarette filters and playing cards and in various textiles.


lexentry: eng/cement__Noun__1
written_rep: cement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: cement
sense_list:
(uncountable) The paste-like substance resulting from mixing such a powder with water, or the rock-like substance that forms when it dries. | (uncountable) Any material with strong adhesive and cohesive properties such as binding agents, glues, grout.


lexentry: eng/cement_mixer__Noun__1
written_rep: cement mixer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: betoniarka | betonowóz | gruszka do betonu
sense_list:
A device used in construction in which cement, aggregate and water are slowly mixed together in a revolving drum to form concrete.


lexentry: eng/cenotaph__Noun__1
written_rep: cenotaph
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cenotaf
sense_list:
A monument, generally in the form of an empty tomb, erected to honour the dead whose bodies lie elsewhere, especially members of the armed forces who died in battle.


lexentry: eng/cenote__Noun__1
written_rep: cenote
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cenote
sense_list:
A deep natural well or sinkhole, especially in Central America, formed by the collapse of surface limestone that exposes ground water underneath, and sometimes used by the ancient Mayans for sacrificial offerings.


lexentry: eng/censor__Verb__1
written_rep: censor
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cenzurować | ocenzurować
sense_list:
To review for, and if necessary to remove or suppress, content from books, films, correspondence, and other media which is regarded as objectionable (for example, obscene, likely to incite violence, or sensitive).


lexentry: eng/censorship__Noun__1
written_rep: censorship
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cenzura
sense_list:
The use of state or group power to control freedom of expression or press, such as passing laws to prevent undesirable media from being published or propagated.


lexentry: eng/censure__Verb__1
written_rep: censure
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ganić
sense_list:
(transitive) To criticize harshly. | (obsolete, transitive) To form or express a judgment in regard to; to estimate; to judge.


lexentry: eng/census__Noun__1
written_rep: census
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: spis ludności | spis statystyczny
sense_list:
An official count or enumeration of members of a population (not necessarily human), usually residents or citizens in a particular region, often done at regular intervals.


lexentry: eng/cent__Noun__1
written_rep: cent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cent
sense_list:
(money) A subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the main unit of currency in many countries. Symbol: ¢. | (money) A coin having face value of one cent (in either of the above senses).


lexentry: eng/cent__Noun__1
written_rep: cent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: cent | eurocent
sense_list:
(money) A subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the euro. | (nuclear physics) A unit of reactivity equal to one hundredth of a dollar.


lexentry: eng/centaur__Noun__1
written_rep: centaur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: centaur
sense_list:
(Greek mythology) A mythical beast having a horse's body with a man's head and torso in place of the head and neck of the horse.


lexentry: eng/centenary__Adjective__1
written_rep: centenary
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stuletni
sense_list:
(historical, obsolete) Of or relating to hundreds, the administrative unit. | Of or related to the number one hundred, particularly [c. 1451]


lexentry: eng/center__Noun__1
written_rep: center
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: centrum | środek
sense_list:
(geometry) The point in the interior of any figure of any number of dimensions that has as its coordinates the arithmetic mean of the coordinates of all points on the perimeter of the figure (or of all points in the interior for a center of volume).


lexentry: eng/center__Noun__1
written_rep: center
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 11
trans_list: środek
sense_list:
(engineering) A conical recess or indentation in the end of a shaft or other work, to receive the point of a center, on which the work can turn, as in a lathe.


lexentry: eng/center_of_gravity__Noun__1
written_rep: center of gravity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: środek ciężkości
sense_list:
(physics) A point, near or within a body, through which its weight can be assumed to act when considering forces on the body and its motion under gravity. This coincides with the center of mass in a uniform gravitational field. | (metaphorical) The most central or important part of something, which its other parts are considered in relation to.


lexentry: eng/centerfold__Noun__1
written_rep: centerfold
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rozkładówka
sense_list:
The single larger sheet of paper that forms the middle two pages of a magazine or other publication, folded so as to open wider than a standard page spread.


lexentry: eng/centi-__Prefix__1
written_rep: centi-
part_of_speech: prefix
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: centy-
sense_list:
(specifically) In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10-2. Symbol: c | one-hundredth | hundred


lexentry: eng/centime__Noun__1
written_rep: centime
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: centym
sense_list:
(historical) A former subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the franc. | A coin having face value of one centime.


lexentry: eng/centipede__Noun__1
written_rep: centipede
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stonoga | parecznik
sense_list:
Any arthropod of class Chilopoda, which have a segmented body with one pair of legs per segment and from about 20 to 300 legs in total.


lexentry: eng/centner__Noun__1
written_rep: centner
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwintal
sense_list:
A unit of weight with different actual definitions in parts of Germany and Scandinavia, typically 100 local pounds.


lexentry: eng/central__Adjective__1
written_rep: central
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: centralny
sense_list:
Being in the centre. | Having or containing the centre of something. | Being very important, or key to something.


lexentry: eng/central_bank__Noun__1
written_rep: central bank
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bank centralny | bank emisyjny
sense_list:
(banking) The principal monetary authority of a polity or monetary union; it normally regulates the supply of money, issues currency and controls interest rates. It usually oversees banking activity within its country's borders.


lexentry: eng/central_committee__Noun__1
written_rep: central committee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komitet centralny
sense_list:
(communism) A standing administrative body of communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, of both ruling and nonruling parties of former and existing socialist states.


lexentry: eng/central_heating__Noun__1
written_rep: central heating
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: centralne ogrzewanie
sense_list:
Any of various heating systems in which a central source of heat is used to distribute heat (and sometimes hot water) throughout a building in a controlled manner.


lexentry: eng/central_nervous_system__Noun__1
written_rep: central nervous system
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ośrodkowy układ nerwowy
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) In vertebrates, that part of the nervous system comprising the brain, brain stem and spinal cord.


lexentry: eng/central_processing_unit__Noun__1
written_rep: central processing unit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: procesor
sense_list:
(computer hardware) The part of a computer that fetches, decodes and executes instructions from memory, possibly through a cache.


lexentry: eng/centralization__Noun__1
written_rep: centralization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: centralizacja
sense_list:
The act or process of centralizing, or the state of being centralized; the act or process of combining or reducing several parts into a whole


lexentry: eng/centre-back__Noun__1
written_rep: centre-back
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stoper
sense_list:
(soccer) A central defender, a player who plays in the centre of defence, just in front of the goalkeeper


lexentry: eng/centre-left__Adjective__1
written_rep: centre-left
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: centrolewicowy
sense_list:
(politics) Leaning to the left but closer to the centre on the left–right political spectrum than other leftist variants.


lexentry: eng/centre-right__Adjective__1
written_rep: centre-right
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: centroprawicowy
sense_list:
(politics) Leaning to the right but closer to the centre on the left–right political spectrum than other rightist variants.


lexentry: eng/centre_of_mass__Noun__1
written_rep: centre of mass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: barycentrum | środek ciężkości
sense_list:
(mathematics, physics) A point, near, or within a body at which the object's mass can be assumed to be concentrated; it coincides with the centroid for a body of uniform density, and with the centre of gravity in a uniform gravitational field.


lexentry: eng/centreboard__Noun__1
written_rep: centreboard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: miecz
sense_list:
(British spelling, nautical) The adjustable keel on a small yacht or dinghy that acts, among other things, as ballast and to counteract the sideways force of the wind.


lexentry: eng/centrifugal_force__Noun__1
written_rep: centrifugal force
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: siła odśrodkowa
sense_list:
(physics) In circular motion, the 'reactive' centrifugal force is a real force applied by the accelerating body that is equal and opposite to the centripetal force that is acting on the accelerating body. | (erroneous) Centripetal force.


lexentry: eng/centrifuge__Noun__1
written_rep: centrifuge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: wirówka | centryfuga
sense_list:
By extension, any device which rotates in order to produce artificial gravity (in the form of centrifugal force)


lexentry: eng/centriole__Noun__1
written_rep: centriole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: centriola
sense_list:
(biology) A barrel-shaped microtubule structure found in most animal cells, important in the process of mitosis (nuclear division).


lexentry: eng/centroid__Noun__1
written_rep: centroid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: centroida
sense_list:
(statistics, cluster analysis, of a cluster of points) the arithmetic mean (alternatively, median) position of a cluster of points in a coordinate system based on some application-dependent measure of distance.


lexentry: eng/century__Noun__1
written_rep: century
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wiek | stulecie
sense_list:
A period of 100 consecutive years; often specifically a numbered period with conventional start and end dates, e.g., the twentieth century, which stretches from (strictly) 1901 through 2000, or (informally) 1900 through 1999. The first century AD was from 1 to 100.


lexentry: eng/century__Noun__1
written_rep: century
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: centuria
sense_list:
A unit in ancient Roman army, originally of 100 army soldiers as part of a cohort, later of more varied sizes (but typically containing 60 to 70 or 80) soldiers or other men (guards, police, firemen), commanded by a centurion. | A political division of ancient Rome, meeting in the Centuriate Assembly.


lexentry: eng/cephalosporin__Noun__1
written_rep: cephalosporin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cefalosporyna
sense_list:
Any of a class of natural and synthetic antibiotics developed from Acremonium fungi, having a cepham structure.


lexentry: eng/ceramic__Adjective__1
written_rep: ceramic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ceramiczny
sense_list:
Made of material produced by the high-temperature firing of inorganic, nonmetallic rocks and minerals.


lexentry: eng/ceramic__Noun__1
written_rep: ceramic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ceramika
sense_list:
(uncountable) A hard, brittle, inorganic, nonmetallic material, usually made from a material, such as clay, then firing it at a high temperature.


lexentry: eng/ceramide__Noun__1
written_rep: ceramide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ceramid
sense_list:
(biochemistry) Any of various lipids formed by linking a fatty acid to sphingosine and found widely but in small amounts in plant and animal tissue


lexentry: eng/cereal__Noun__1
written_rep: cereal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zboże
sense_list:
(countable) A type of grass (such as wheat, rice or oats) cultivated for its edible grains. | (uncountable) The grains of such a grass.


lexentry: eng/cerebellum__Noun__1
written_rep: cerebellum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: móżdżek
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) Part of the hindbrain in vertebrates. In humans it lies between the brainstem and the back of the cerebrum and is formed of two lateral lobes and a median lobe. It plays an important role in sensory perception, motor output, balance and posture.


lexentry: eng/cerebral_aqueduct__Noun__1
written_rep: cerebral aqueduct
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wodociąg mózgu
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) The channel in the brain which connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle. It is surrounded by the periaqueductal gray.


lexentry: eng/cerebral_cortex__Noun__1
written_rep: cerebral cortex
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kora mózgowa | kora mózgu
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) The grey, folded, outermost layer of the cerebrum that is responsible for higher brain processes such as sensation, voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning, and memory.


lexentry: eng/cerebral_palsy__Noun__1
written_rep: cerebral palsy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mózgowe porażenie dziecięce | porażenie mózgowe
sense_list:
(neurology, pathology) A group of non-progressive, non-contagious conditions, caused by brain damage before birth or during infancy, characterized by impairment of muscular coordination.


lexentry: eng/cerebrovascular_accident__Noun__1
written_rep: cerebrovascular accident
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: udar mózgu
sense_list:
(medicine, formal, sometimes, euphemistic) Stroke (loss of brain function arising when the blood supply to the brain is suddenly interrupted).


lexentry: eng/cerebrum__Noun__1
written_rep: cerebrum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kresomózgowie
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) The principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, which is located in the front area of the skull and divided into two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. In humans it is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for the integration of complex sensory functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity, and the higher mental functions such as consciousness, thought, reason, emotion, and memory.


lexentry: eng/ceremonious__Adjective__1
written_rep: ceremonious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ceremonialny
sense_list:
According to the required or usual ceremonies, formalities, or rituals; specifically (Christianity, obsolete) , to ceremonial laws in the Bible.


lexentry: eng/ceremony__Noun__1
written_rep: ceremony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ceremonia
sense_list:
An official gathering to celebrate, commemorate, or otherwise mark some event. | (uncountable) A formal socially established behaviour, often in relation to people of different ranks; formality.


lexentry: eng/cerium__Noun__1
written_rep: cerium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cer
sense_list:
A chemical element (symbol Ce) with an atomic number of 58, a very soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.


lexentry: eng/certain__Adjective__1
written_rep: certain
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: jakiś | niejaki
sense_list:
(euphemism, preceded by "a") Used to denote that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent.


lexentry: eng/certifiable__Adjective__1
written_rep: certifiable
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: szalony
sense_list:
(informal, of a person) Mentally ill to such an extent that involuntary institutionalization is appropriate; crazy.


lexentry: eng/certify__Verb__1
written_rep: certify
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: certyfikować
sense_list:
(transitive) To attest that a product, service, organization, or person has met an official standard.


lexentry: eng/cervical_cancer__Noun__1
written_rep: cervical cancer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rak szyjki macicy
sense_list:
(pathology, oncology) A type of cancer of the cervix of the uterus which can afflict some female mammals including humans. The term usually does not refer to cancer of the neck or other parts of the anatomy which use the term cervix.


lexentry: eng/cervical_cap__Noun__1
written_rep: cervical cap
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Diaphragma | Wkładka domaciczna
sense_list:
A small latex or silicone contraceptive device that fits over the cervix and stays in place either by suction or by surface viscosity.


lexentry: eng/cervix__Noun__1
written_rep: cervix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: szyjka macicy
sense_list:
(now, specifically) The cervix uteri, or lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina.


lexentry: eng/cetane__Noun__1
written_rep: cetane
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cetan | heksadekan
sense_list:
(organic compound) The aliphatic hydrocarbon C16H34 (hexadecane) used as a standard for diesel fuel.


lexentry: eng/ceviche__Noun__1
written_rep: ceviche
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ceviche
sense_list:
(cooking) Raw seafood cured by marination in an acidic medium such as citrus, vinegar, or other souring agent, found primarily in Latin America.


lexentry: eng/chador__Noun__1
written_rep: chador
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czador | czadra
sense_list:
A loose robe made from a single cloth, worn as a combination head covering, veil and shawl by chiefly Muslim women (and occasionally by those of other faiths) in Iran and South Asia.


lexentry: eng/chaffinch__Noun__1
written_rep: chaffinch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zięba | zięba zwyczajna
sense_list:
A small passerine bird, Fringilla coelebs, of the finch family, found throughout Europe and eastward to Iran and eastern Mediterranean coastlands.


lexentry: eng/chagrin__Noun__1
written_rep: chagrin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: poczucie klęski
sense_list:
Distress of mind caused by a failure of aims or plans, want of appreciation, mistakes etc; vexation or mortification.


lexentry: eng/chain__Noun__1
written_rep: chain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: łańcuch | sieć
sense_list:
A series of interconnected rings or links usually made of metal. | (algebraic topology, originally) A formal sum of cells in a CW complex of a certain dimension k (in which case the formal sums are called k-chains); a formal sum of simplices or cubes of a certain dimension in a simplical complex or cubical complex (respectively).


lexentry: eng/chain__Noun__1
written_rep: chain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: łańcuch
sense_list:
(mathematics, set theory, order theory) A totally ordered set, especially a totally ordered subset of a poset.


lexentry: eng/chain_letter__Noun__1
written_rep: chain letter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: łańcuszek
sense_list:
A letter that can be mailed successively to different recipients, with each recipient ostensibly (but sometimes sarcastically) being instructed in the body of the letter to mail the letter to another person or persons.


lexentry: eng/chain_of_command__Noun__1
written_rep: chain of command
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: hierarchia służbowa
sense_list:
(military) The command hierarchy or structure in which one rank obeys the one above it, which obeys the one above it, and so forth.


lexentry: eng/chain_of_custody__Noun__1
written_rep: chain of custody
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kontrola pochodzenia produktu
sense_list:
(legal, chemistry) The documentation showing the full process of acquisition, transfer, handling and disposition of physical or electronic materials.


lexentry: eng/chain_reaction__Noun__1
written_rep: chain reaction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: reakcja łańcuchowa
sense_list:
(nuclear physics) A nuclear reaction in which particles produced by the fission of one atom trigger fissions of other atoms. | (figurative) A series of events, each one causing or influencing the next.


lexentry: eng/chain_rule__Noun__1
written_rep: chain rule
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: reguła łańcuchowa
sense_list:
(calculus) A formula for computing the derivative of the functional composition of two or more functions.


lexentry: eng/chain_shot__Noun__1
written_rep: chain shot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kula łańcuchowa
sense_list:
(historical, military, nautical) A projectile consisting of two cannon balls or half balls linked by a chain, fired from cannons mostly to attack spars and rigging.


lexentry: eng/chain_smoker__Noun__1
written_rep: chain smoker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: palacz | palaczka
sense_list:
One who smokes continuously, by lighting one cigarette when they finish another, as in a chain. | One who habitually smokes excessively.


lexentry: eng/chain_store__Noun__1
written_rep: chain store
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sieciówka | sklep sieciowy
sense_list:
A retail outlet that is one of a group of similar establishments having common format, contents, ownership and management.


lexentry: eng/chainring__Noun__1
written_rep: chainring
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: korona
sense_list:
The large forward ring on a bicycle that a chain attaches to, in order to transfer energy to a wheel. It consists of one or more sprockets that are driven by the cranks and pedals of the bicycle.


lexentry: eng/chainsaw__Noun__1
written_rep: chainsaw
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pilarka łańcuchowa | piła łańcuchowa
sense_list:
(forestry, machinery, DIY) A power saw that has a power-driven and fast-revolving chain of metal teeth, usually used to cut trees.


lexentry: eng/chair__Noun__1
written_rep: chair
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krzesło
sense_list:
An item of furniture used to sit on or in, comprising a seat, legs or wheels, back, and sometimes arm rests, for use by one person.


lexentry: eng/chairlift__Noun__1
written_rep: chairlift
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolej krzesełkowa | wyciąg krzesełkowy | kolejka krzesełkowa
sense_list:
A continuously moving series of open seats, slung from overhead cables, used to transport people (especially skiers) up the sides of mountains.


lexentry: eng/chaise_longue__Noun__1
written_rep: chaise longue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szezlong
sense_list:
(chiefly, _, UK) A reclining chair with a long seat, which can support the outstretched legs of a sitter normally with one armrest.


lexentry: eng/chakra__Noun__1
written_rep: chakra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ćakra | czakra | czakram
sense_list:
(Hinduism, Ayurveda) Any of (at least) seven centres of spiritual energy in or near the body, according to Ayurveda philosophy.


lexentry: eng/chalcedony__Noun__1
written_rep: chalcedony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chalcedon
sense_list:
A form of fine-grained quartz that is nearly transparent or has a milky translucence; it fractures conchoidally.


lexentry: eng/chalcogen__Noun__1
written_rep: chalcogen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tlenowiec
sense_list:
(inorganic chemistry) Any element of group 16 of the periodic table: oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium or polonium.


lexentry: eng/chalcopyrite__Noun__1
written_rep: chalcopyrite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chalkopiryt
sense_list:
(mineral) A yellow mineral that is a mixed sulfide of copper and iron, with the chemical formula CuFeS2.


lexentry: eng/chalet__Noun__1
written_rep: chalet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: chata | koliba
sense_list:
(Singapore) A recreational lodge or small house within the grounds of a country club, resort, clubhouse or other recreational space, used for events, staycations and social gatherings.


lexentry: eng/chalice__Noun__1
written_rep: chalice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kielich | puchar
sense_list:
A large drinking cup, often having a stem and base and used especially for formal occasions and religious ceremonies.


lexentry: eng/chalk__Noun__1
written_rep: chalk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kreda
sense_list:
(uncountable) A soft, white, powdery limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3). | (countable) A piece of chalk, or nowadays processed compressed gypsum (calcium sulfate, CaSO4), that is used for drawing and for writing on a blackboard (chalkboard).


lexentry: eng/chalk__Noun__1
written_rep: chalk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: magnezja
sense_list:
(uncountable, climbing, gymnastics) A white powdery substance used to prevent hands slipping from holds when climbing, or losing grip in weight-lifting or gymnastics, sometimes but not always limestone-chalk, often magnesium carbonate (MgCO3).


lexentry: eng/chalk_and_cheese__Noun__1
written_rep: chalk and cheese
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: powierzchownie podobny
sense_list:
(British, NZ, idiomatic) Said of things that are very different, though possibly superficially alike.


lexentry: eng/challah__Noun__1
written_rep: challah
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chałka
sense_list:
(countable) A traditional bread eaten by Ashkenazi Jews, usually braided for the Sabbath and round for a yom tov.


lexentry: eng/challenge__Noun__1
written_rep: challenge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: wyzwanie
sense_list:
A difficult task, especially one that the person making the attempt finds more enjoyable because of that difficulty. | (legal, rare) A judge's interest in the result of a case, constituting grounds for them to not be allowed to sit the case (e.g., a conflict of interest).


lexentry: eng/challenge__Verb__1
written_rep: challenge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: zakwestionować
sense_list:
(transitive) To dispute (something); to contest. | (legal, transitive) To make a formal objection to a juror.


lexentry: eng/challenger__Noun__1
written_rep: challenger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konkurent
sense_list:
One who challenges; especially, one who plays against the current champion of a game or contest in hopes of winning and becoming the new champion.


lexentry: eng/chamber__Noun__1
written_rep: chamber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: komora | izba
sense_list:
Any enclosed space occupying or similar to a room. | (firearms) The area holding the ammunition round at the initiation of its discharge. | (firearms) One of the bullet-holding compartments in the cylinder of a revolver.


lexentry: eng/chamber_orchestra__Noun__1
written_rep: chamber orchestra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: orkiestra kameralna
sense_list:
An orchestra of modest size, to play chamber music, yet larger than the various chamber ensembles named after their number of instruments (from duo to nonet).


lexentry: eng/chamber_pot__Noun__1
written_rep: chamber pot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nocnik
sense_list:
A container used for urination and defecation, particularly those used in early modern towns before the advent of the flush toilet.


lexentry: eng/chamberlain__Noun__1
written_rep: chamberlain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szambelan
sense_list:
A senior royal official in charge of superintending the arrangement of domestic affairs and often charged with receiving and paying out money kept in the royal chamber, especially in the United Kingdom and in Denmark.


lexentry: eng/chameleon__Noun__1
written_rep: chameleon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kameleon
sense_list:
A small to mid-size reptile, of the family Chamaeleonidae, and one of the best known lizard families able to change color and project its long tongue. | (figurative) A person with inconstant behavior; one able to quickly adjust to new circumstances.


lexentry: eng/champagne__Noun__1
written_rep: champagne
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szampan
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) A sparkling white wine made from a blend of grapes, especially Chardonnay and pinot, produced in Champagne, France, by the méthode champenoise. | (countable, uncountable, informal) Any sparkling white wine. | (countable) A glass of champagne. | (countable) A very pale brownish-gold colour, similar to that of champagne.


lexentry: eng/champagne_socialist__Noun__1
written_rep: champagne socialist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kawiorowa lewica
sense_list:
(derogatory) A person who espouses socialism and claims to adhere to its values while enjoying an extravagant lifestyle that is seen as being ostensibly in conflict with their political beliefs.


lexentry: eng/championship__Noun__1
written_rep: championship
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mistrzostwo
sense_list:
(sports) A competition to determine a champion, especially the final of a series of competitions. | The position of champion, or winner.


lexentry: eng/chancel__Noun__1
written_rep: chancel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prezbiterium
sense_list:
The space around the altar in a church, often enclosed, for use by the clergy and the choir. In medieval cathedrals the chancel was usually enclosed or blocked off from the nave by an altar screen.


lexentry: eng/chancellor__Noun__1
written_rep: chancellor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kanclerz
sense_list:
A senior secretary or official with administrative or legal duties, sometimes in charge of some area of government such as finance or justice.


lexentry: eng/chancroid__Noun__1
written_rep: chancroid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szankier
sense_list:
(pathology) A sexually transmitted infection, caused by bacteria of species Haemophilus ducreyi, characterized by painful sores on the genitalia. | A sore characteristic of this infection.


lexentry: eng/change__Noun__1
written_rep: change
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: bilon
sense_list:
(uncountable) An amount of cash, usually in the form of coins, but sometimes inclusive of paper money.


lexentry: eng/change_horses_in_midstream__Verb__1
written_rep: change horses in midstream
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zmieniać plan w połowie | zmienić plan w połowie
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To change one's plan or approach when an effort is already underway or at another inopportune time.


lexentry: eng/changeling__Noun__1
written_rep: changeling
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odmieniec
sense_list:
(European folklore, also, figurative) In pre-modern European folklore: an infant of a magical creature that was secretly exchanged for a human infant. In British, Irish and Scandinavian mythology the exchanged infants were thought to be those of fairies, sprites or trolls; in other places, they were ascribed to demons, devils, or witches.


lexentry: eng/changing_room__Noun__1
written_rep: changing room
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: przymierzalnia
sense_list:
A room or enclosure, e.g. in a clothes shop, where people try on clothes they are interested in buying.


lexentry: eng/channel__Noun__1
written_rep: channel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: kanał
sense_list:
A narrow body of water between two land masses. | (broadcasting) A specific radio frequency or band of frequencies, usually in conjunction with a predetermined letter, number, or codeword, and allocated by international agreement. | (broadcasting) A specific radio frequency or band of frequencies used for transmitting television.


lexentry: eng/channel__Noun__1
written_rep: channel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 17
trans_list: koryto
sense_list:
(storage) The portion of a storage medium, such as a track or a band, that is accessible to a given reading or writing station or head.


lexentry: eng/chanterelle__Noun__1
written_rep: chanterelle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kurka | pieprznik
sense_list:
(mushroom) A widely distributed edible mushroom, Cantharellus cibarius, being yellow and trumpet-shaped; or any similar mushroom of the genera Cantharellus, Polyozellus or Gomphus, not all of which are edible.


lexentry: eng/chaos__Noun__1
written_rep: chaos
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chaos
sense_list:
The unordered state of matter in classical accounts of cosmogony. | (mathematics) A behaviour of iterative non-linear systems in which arbitrarily small variations in initial conditions become magnified over time.


lexentry: eng/chaos_theory__Noun__1
written_rep: chaos theory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: teoria chaosu
sense_list:
(mathematics) The study of iterative non-linear systems in which arbitrarily small variations in initial conditions become magnified over time.


lexentry: eng/chapbook__Noun__1
written_rep: chapbook
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: książeczka liryczna
sense_list:
A small book, usually made from a single sheet, folded several times, containing poems, ballads or religious tracts.


lexentry: eng/chapel__Noun__1
written_rep: chapel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: kaplica
sense_list:
(UK) A place of worship of a denomination not in conformity with the Church of England, usually Protestant.


lexentry: eng/chapel_of_ease__Noun__1
written_rep: chapel of ease
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kaplica filialna
sense_list:
A chapel built in a remote part of a parish to meet the needs of those who live far from the parish church.


lexentry: eng/chapelmaster__Noun__1
written_rep: chapelmaster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kapelmistrz
sense_list:
A director of music in a chapel, the musical director of a court and/or major church's choir and/or orchestra; often also a composer.


lexentry: eng/chaperone__Noun__1
written_rep: chaperone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyzwoitka
sense_list:
An older person who accompanies other younger people to ensure the propriety of their behaviour, often an older woman accompanying a young woman.


lexentry: eng/chaperone__Noun__1
written_rep: chaperone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: białko opiekuńcze
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A protein that assists the non-covalent folding/unfolding and the assembly/disassembly of other macromolecular structures, but does not occur in these structures when the latter are performing their normal biological functions.


lexentry: eng/chaplain__Noun__1
written_rep: chaplain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kapelan
sense_list:
A member of a religious body who is (often, although not always, of the clergy) officially assigned to provide pastoral care at an institution, group, private chapel, etc.


lexentry: eng/chapter__Noun__1
written_rep: chapter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rozdział | dział | filia
sense_list:
A section of a work, a collection of works, or fragments of works, often manuscripts or transcriptions, created by scholars or advocates, not the original authors, to aid in finding portions of the texts.


lexentry: eng/charabanc__Noun__1
written_rep: charabanc
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szaraban
sense_list:
(British, historical) A horse-drawn, and then later, motorized omnibus with open sides, and often, no roof.


lexentry: eng/character__Noun__1
written_rep: character
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: charakter
sense_list:
(countable) A distinguishing feature; characteristic; trait; nature; phene. | (uncountable) Strength of mind; resolution; independence; individuality; moral strength.


lexentry: eng/character__Noun__1
written_rep: character
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: charakter | usposobienie
sense_list:
(countable, computing) One of the basic elements making up a text file or string: a code representing a printing character or a control character.


lexentry: eng/charade__Noun__1
written_rep: charade
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: szarada
sense_list:
(uncommon) A single round of the game charades, an acted form of the earlier riddles. | A deception or pretense, originally an absurdly obvious one but now in general use.


lexentry: eng/charcoal__Noun__1
written_rep: charcoal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: węgiel drzewny
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) impure carbon obtained by destructive distillation of wood or other organic matter, that is, heating it in the absence of oxygen.


lexentry: eng/charcoal_burner__Noun__1
written_rep: charcoal burner
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: węglarz
sense_list:
A person whose job it is to make charcoal, traditionally by carbonizing wood in a charcoal clamp or a kiln.


lexentry: eng/chard__Noun__1
written_rep: chard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: botwina | boćwina
sense_list:
(uncountable, culinary) An edible leafy vegetable, Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla, with a slightly bitter taste.


lexentry: eng/charge__Noun__1
written_rep: charge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: podopieczna | podopieczny
sense_list:
Someone or something entrusted to one's care, such as a child to a babysitter or a student to a teacher.


lexentry: eng/charge__Verb__1
written_rep: charge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: ładować | naładować
sense_list:
To call to account; to challenge. | (transitive) To cause to take on an electric charge. | (transitive) To load equipment with material required for its use, as a firearm with powder, a fire hose with water, a chemical reactor with raw materials. | (transitive) To replenish energy to (a battery, or a device containing a battery) by use of an electrical device plugged into a power outlet.


lexentry: eng/charger__Noun__1
written_rep: charger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: rumak
sense_list:
(historical, military) A large horse trained for battle and used by the cavalry (of a lighter build than a destrier).


lexentry: eng/chargé_d'affaires__Noun__1
written_rep: chargé d'affaires
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chargé d'affaires
sense_list:
(diplomacy) A diplomat, ranking below an ambassador, who heads a diplomatic mission when no ambassador is present, either temporarily (in the interim between the departure of one ambassador and the accreditation of another) or for an extended time.


lexentry: eng/charism__Noun__1
written_rep: charism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: charyzmat
sense_list:
(Christianity, theology, rare) A power or authority, generally of a spiritual nature, believed to be a freely given gift by the Grace of God.


lexentry: eng/charismatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: charismatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: charyzmatyczny
sense_list:
Of, related to, or having charisma: having a form of compelling charm which inspires devotion in others due to their strength of character and being full of personality; charming, fascinating, magnetic | Of, related to, or being a member of a form of Christianity that emphasizes the role of the Holy Spirit.


lexentry: eng/charismatic_megafauna__Noun__1
written_rep: charismatic megafauna
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: charyzmatyczna megafauna
sense_list:
Large animals with broad popular appeal, especially as used by activists to focus public opinion on environmentalist goals.


lexentry: eng/charity__Noun__1
written_rep: charity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: działalność charytatywna | charytatywność
sense_list:
(uncountable) Benevolence to others less fortunate than ourselves; the providing of goods or money to those in need.


lexentry: eng/charity__Noun__1
written_rep: charity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: charytatywność
sense_list:
In general, an attitude of kindness and understanding towards others, now especially suggesting generosity. | (archaic, Christianity) Christian love; representing God's love of man, man's love of God, or man's love of his fellow-men.


lexentry: eng/charity_shop__Noun__1
written_rep: charity shop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sklep charytatywny
sense_list:
(UK) A retail establishment run by a charitable organization in order to raise funds for its causes.


lexentry: eng/charivari__Noun__1
written_rep: charivari
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szarawary
sense_list:
The noisy banging of pots and pans as a mock serenade to a newly married couple, or similar occasion.


lexentry: eng/charlock__Noun__1
written_rep: charlock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gorczyca polna | ognicha | modrych | rzepnica | świerzop | świrzepa
sense_list:
Any of several yellow-flowered cruciferous weeds of grain fields, especially wild mustard (Rhamphospermum arvense, syn. Sinapis arvensis).


lexentry: eng/charm__Noun__1
written_rep: charm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: talizman
sense_list:
A small trinket on a bracelet or chain, etc., traditionally supposed to confer luck upon the wearer.


lexentry: eng/charm__Noun__1
written_rep: charm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: urok
sense_list:
(finance) A second-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the instantaneous rate of change of delta with respect to time.


lexentry: eng/charm__Verb__1
written_rep: charm
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zaczarować
sense_list:
(transitive) To use a magical charm upon; to subdue, control, or summon by incantation or supernatural influence; to ensorcel or exert a magical effect on.


lexentry: eng/charm_quark__Noun__1
written_rep: charm quark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwark c
sense_list:
(particle) A quark having a fractional electric charge of +\frac{2}{3} and a mass of about 1150 to 1350 MeV.Symbol: c


lexentry: eng/chart_of_accounts__Noun__1
written_rep: chart of accounts
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: plan kont
sense_list:
(accounting) A list of financial accounts set up, usually by an accountant, for an organization, and available for use by the bookkeeper for recording transactions in the organization's general ledger.


lexentry: eng/charter__Noun__1
written_rep: charter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karta | statut
sense_list:
A document issued by some authority, creating a public or private institution, and defining its purposes and privileges.


lexentry: eng/charwoman__Noun__1
written_rep: charwoman
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sprzątaczka
sense_list:
(chiefly, British) A woman employed to do housework, traditionally coming and going on a daily basis and paid weekly wages.


lexentry: eng/chase__Noun__1
written_rep: chase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: pogoń
sense_list:
(real tennis) The occurrence of a second bounce by the ball in certain areas of the court, giving the server the chance, later in the game, to "play off" the chase from the receiving end and possibly win the point.


lexentry: eng/chastity__Noun__1
written_rep: chastity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czystość
sense_list:
The quality of being chaste: the state of abstaining from any sexual activity considered immoral; avoidance of sexual sins.


lexentry: eng/chastity_belt__Noun__1
written_rep: chastity belt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pas cnoty
sense_list:
A belt-like garment, designed to be worn over the genitals and locked to prevent sexual intercourse, typically for long periods of time, to maintain chastity, prevent masturbation, or to enforce BDSM submission.


lexentry: eng/chat__Noun__1
written_rep: chat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: czat
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) An exchange of text or voice messages in real time through a computer network, resembling a face-to-face conversation.


lexentry: eng/chat_up__Verb__1
written_rep: chat up
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: podrywać | flirtować | gawędzić | poderwać
sense_list:
(transitive, idiomatic) To talk to (someone) in a friendly, open, or casual manner, sometimes also in a charming or affected manner, usually to curry favor, and sometimes flirtatiously with the intention of establishing a romantic or sexual encounter or relationship with that person.


lexentry: eng/chauffeur__Noun__1
written_rep: chauffeur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szofer | szoferka
sense_list:
A person employed to drive a private motor car or a hired car of executive or luxury class (like a limousine).


lexentry: eng/chauvinism__Noun__1
written_rep: chauvinism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szowinizm
sense_list:
(pejorative) Excessive patriotism, eagerness for national superiority; jingoism. | (pejorative) Unwarranted bias, favoritism, or devotion to one's own particular group, cause, or idea.


lexentry: eng/chav__Noun__1
written_rep: chav
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dres | dresiara | dresiarz
sense_list:
(UK, MLE, Ireland, derogatory, offensive ) A working-class youth, especially one associated with aggression, poor education, and a perceived "common" taste in clothing and lifestyle.


lexentry: eng/cheat__Noun__1
written_rep: cheat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: cheat | czit | kod
sense_list:
(video games) A hidden means of gaining an unfair advantage in a video game, often by entering a cheat code.


lexentry: eng/cheat_sheet__Noun__1
written_rep: cheat sheet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ściągawka | ściąga | ściągaczka
sense_list:
A sheet of paper (or a digital analogue thereof) containing notes used to assist (with or without permission) on a test; especially, such a sheet used secretly and improperly.


lexentry: eng/check__Noun__2
written_rep: check
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kratka
sense_list:
(textiles, usually, pluralized) A pattern made up of a grid of squares of alternating colors; a checkered pattern.


lexentry: eng/check__Verb__1
written_rep: check
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: sprawdzić | odfajkować | odhaczyć | zaptaszkować | zaznaczyć
sense_list:
(transitive, US, often used with "off") To mark items on a list (with a checkmark or by crossing them out) that have been chosen for keeping or removal or that have been dealt with (for example, completed or verified as correct or satisfactory).


lexentry: eng/check_in__Verb__1
written_rep: check in
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: meldować się | zameldować się
sense_list:
To announce or record one's own arrival at a hotel, airport etc. | (intransitive, Netherlands, NNSE) to tap on, to touch in, to tap in (to use a smartcard to start a public transport journey)


lexentry: eng/check_out__Verb__1
written_rep: check out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: badać | obczaić | obczajać | sprawdzić | wymeldować się | zbadać
sense_list:
(transitive) To examine, inspect, look at closely, ogle; to investigate; to gather information so as to make a decision.


lexentry: eng/checkmate__Noun__1
written_rep: checkmate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mat
sense_list:
The conclusive victory in a game of chess that occurs when an opponent's king is threatened with unavoidable capture.


lexentry: eng/checkpoint__Noun__1
written_rep: checkpoint
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: punkt kontrolny | przejście
sense_list:
A point or place where a check is performed, especially a point along a road or on a frontier where travellers are stopped for inspection


lexentry: eng/checkpoint__Noun__1
written_rep: checkpoint
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: punkt kontrolny
sense_list:
(video games) A predetermined point in a map, level or scenario that the player may resume from if they die or restart.


lexentry: eng/checks_and_balances__Noun__1
written_rep: checks and balances
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mechanizm kontroli i równowagi
sense_list:
(politics) A system for multiple branches of government wherein each has some control over the actions of each of the others.


lexentry: eng/checksum__Noun__1
written_rep: checksum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: suma kontrolna
sense_list:
(mathematics, computing) A number, derived by applying a suitable algorithm to some data, used to check whether errors have occurred in transmission, storage or data entry.


lexentry: eng/cheek__Noun__1
written_rep: cheek
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: policzek
sense_list:
(anatomy) The soft skin on each side of the face, below the eyes; the outer surface of the sides of the oral cavity.


lexentry: eng/cheeky__Adjective__1
written_rep: cheeky
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bezczelny
sense_list:
(informal) Impudent; impertinent; impertinently bold, often in a way that is regarded as endearing or amusing.


lexentry: eng/cheerleader__Noun__1
written_rep: cheerleader
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czirliderka | cheerleaderka
sense_list:
(chiefly, US) A person, usually a young, attractive female, who encourages applause and cheers at a sports event, and wearing a specially-designed uniform in the official colors of the team he/she cheers for.


lexentry: eng/cheerleading__Noun__1
written_rep: cheerleading
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: animacja
sense_list:
A physical activity in which cheerleaders organize elements of dance, gymnastics, and tumbling for judgment or to cheer on a team.


lexentry: eng/cheers__Interjection__1
written_rep: cheers
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: cześć
sense_list:
(chiefly, Commonwealth, informal) goodbye, especially as a sign-off in an email or after writing a comment.


lexentry: eng/cheese__Noun__1
written_rep: cheese
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ser
sense_list:
(uncountable) A dairy product made from curdled or cultured milk. | (countable) Any particular variety of cheese.


lexentry: eng/cheesecake__Noun__1
written_rep: cheesecake
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: sernik | serowiec | serownik
sense_list:
(countable, and, uncountable, obsolete) A pie made of cream, eggs and milk (somewhat resembling the modern American chess cake).


lexentry: eng/cheesecloth__Noun__1
written_rep: cheesecloth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: etamina
sense_list:
A loosely woven cotton gauze, originally used to wrap cheese, but now used for various culinary tasks and by farmers to shade crops and keep birds off.


lexentry: eng/cheetah__Noun__1
written_rep: cheetah
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gepard
sense_list:
(cat) A distinctive member (Acinonyx jubatus) of the cat family, slightly smaller than the leopard, but with proportionately longer limbs and a smaller head; native to Africa and southeast Asia (where it is nearly extinct) and also credited with being the fastest terrestrial animal.


lexentry: eng/chef's_knife__Noun__1
written_rep: chef's knife
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nóż kucharski
sense_list:
A type of general purpose kitchen knife used for food preparation, typically measuring eight inches by one and a half inches.


lexentry: eng/chelicera__Noun__1
written_rep: chelicera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szczękoczułek
sense_list:
(zoology) Either of the prehensile claws found on the proboscis of chelicerates (horseshoe crabs, sea spiders and arachnids).


lexentry: eng/chelone__Noun__1
written_rep: chelone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: żółwik
sense_list:
(botany) Chelone, a genus of four species of perennial herbaceous plants that are native to eastern North America.


lexentry: eng/chemical_castration__Noun__1
written_rep: chemical castration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kastracja chemiczna
sense_list:
A medical treatment using an anaphrodisiacal hormonal drug to inhibit the function of a man's testes, intended to have the same effect on the sex drive as surgical castration. It is typically used on sex offenders as a punishment and/or preventative measure, or on people wishing to undergo male-to-female transsexualism.


lexentry: eng/chemical_composition__Noun__1
written_rep: chemical composition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: skład chemiczny
sense_list:
(physical chemistry) The identities, and relative numbers, of the elements that make up any particular compound


lexentry: eng/chemical_compound__Noun__1
written_rep: chemical compound
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: związek chemiczny
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any substance formed by the union of two or more chemical elements in a fixed ratio, the union being a chemical bond. | (informal, proscribed) Any single substance, either compound or element.


lexentry: eng/chemical_element__Noun__1
written_rep: chemical element
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: pierwiastek chemiczny
sense_list:
(chemistry) A chemical substance made entirely of one such type of atom; any one of the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction or by any chemical means and made up of atoms all having the same number of protons.


lexentry: eng/chemical_reaction__Noun__1
written_rep: chemical reaction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: reakcja chemiczna
sense_list:
(chemistry) A process, typically involving the breaking or making of interatomic bonds, in which one or more substances are changed into others.


lexentry: eng/chemise__Noun__1
written_rep: chemise
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: halka
sense_list:
(historical) A loose shirtlike undergarment, especially for women. | A woman's dress that fits loosely; a chemise dress.


lexentry: eng/chemistry__Noun__1
written_rep: chemistry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chemia
sense_list:
(uncountable) The branch of natural science that deals with the composition and constitution of substances and the changes that they undergo as a consequence of alterations in the constitution of their molecules. | (informal) The mutual attraction between two people; rapport.


lexentry: eng/chemistry__Noun__1
written_rep: chemistry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: chemio- | chemo-
sense_list:
(countable) An application of chemical theory and method to a particular substance. | (medicine, countable, informal, sometimes, proscribed) A blood test to measure the amount of various components of the serum (such as electrolytes, creatinine, and glucose).


lexentry: eng/chemotherapy__Noun__1
written_rep: chemotherapy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: chemoterapia | chemioterapia
sense_list:
(oncology, most common usage) chemical treatment to kill or halt the replication and/or spread of cancerous cells in a patient.


lexentry: eng/cherimoya__Noun__1
written_rep: cherimoya
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: flaszowiec peruwiański
sense_list:
A subtropical tree, of species Annona cherimola, native to mountainous areas of South America. | A conical fruit with white flesh from that tree.


lexentry: eng/chernozem__Noun__1
written_rep: chernozem
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czarnoziem
sense_list:
(soil science) A fertile black soil containing a very high percentage of humus (3% to 15%) and high percentages of phosphoric acids, phosphorus and ammonia.


lexentry: eng/cherry__Adjective__1
written_rep: cherry
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wiśniowy
sense_list:
Containing or having the taste of cherries. | Of a bright red color; cherry red. | (informal, often, of cars) In excellent condition; mint condition.


lexentry: eng/cherry__Noun__1
written_rep: cherry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wiśniowy | wiśnia
sense_list:
A small fruit, usually red, black or yellow, with a smooth hard seed and a short hard stem. | Prunus subg. Cerasus, trees or shrubs that bear cherries. | Cherry red. | (slang) Virginity, especially female virginity as embodied by a hymen. | (graph theory) A subtree consisting of a node with exactly two leaves. | (cricket, slang) A red cricket ball. | (cricket, slang) A reddish mark left on the bat by the impact of the ball. | A round, red light of the kind that is typically mounted on top of a police car. | The burning tip of a cigarette.


lexentry: eng/cherry_laurel__Noun__1
written_rep: cherry laurel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: laurowiśnia
sense_list:
An evergreen cherry in the section Prunus sect. Laurocerasus, some of which are cultivated as ornamentals. | Prunus laurocerasus, an evergreen shrub, native to regions bordering the Black Sea in southwestern Asia.


lexentry: eng/cherry_picking__Noun__1
written_rep: cherry picking
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cherry picking
sense_list:
The selection of desirable items and rejection of undesirable ones in order to obtain an advantage or present something in the best possible light.


lexentry: eng/cherry_plum__Noun__1
written_rep: cherry plum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ałycza | śliwa wiśniowa
sense_list:
Prunus cerasifera, a deciduous ornamental Eurasian shrub or small tree, having white flowers and small red to yellow edible fruits.


lexentry: eng/cherry_tree__Noun__1
written_rep: cherry tree
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czereśnia | wiśnia
sense_list:
A tree of the subgenus Prunus subg. Cerasus, the members of which are valued agriculturally for their fruit, the cherry, and the wood of the tree, cherrywood, used in woodworking.


lexentry: eng/cherrywood__Noun__1
written_rep: cherrywood
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czereśnia
sense_list:
A hardwood obtained from the cherry tree, valued for use in furniture and other woodworking applications.


lexentry: eng/chert__Noun__1
written_rep: chert
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rogowiec
sense_list:
(geology, uncountable) Massive, usually dull-colored and opaque, quartzite, hornstone, impure chalcedony, or other flint-like mineral.


lexentry: eng/cherub__Noun__1
written_rep: cherub
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cherub | cherubin
sense_list:
(biblical) A winged creature attending God and guarding his throne described as a being with four faces (man, lion, ox, and eagle), human hands, calf hooves, four wings, and many eyes. A description can be found in Ezekiel chapter 1 and Ezekiel chapter 10; similar to a lamassu (winged bull with a human torso) in the pre-exilic texts of the Hebrew Bible, more humanoid in later texts.


lexentry: eng/chervil__Noun__1
written_rep: chervil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: trybula
sense_list:
(countable) A leafy herb, Anthriscus cerefolium, resembling parsley. | (uncountable) Leaves from the plant, used as an herb in cooking, which have a mild flavor of anise.


lexentry: eng/chervonets__Noun__1
written_rep: chervonets
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czerwoniec
sense_list:
Any of several former currencies of Russia: applied to various foreign gold coins prior to the reign of Peter I of Russia, then to a Russian gold coin of 1701-1757, and finally to a 1922 currency of the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/chess__Noun__1
written_rep: chess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szachy
sense_list:
A board game for two players, each beginning with sixteen chess pieces moving according to fixed rules across a chessboard with the objective to checkmate the opposing king.


lexentry: eng/chess_clock__Noun__1
written_rep: chess clock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zegar szachowy
sense_list:
A device consisting of two clocks and a switch for running one at a time, used in chess and other games to measure how much time each player takes.


lexentry: eng/chessboard__Noun__1
written_rep: chessboard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szachownica
sense_list:
(chess) The square board used in the game of chess, subdivided into eight rows of eight squares each, the squares in each row and column being of alternating colours.


lexentry: eng/chest__Noun__1
written_rep: chest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: klatka piersiowa | pierś
sense_list:
(obsolete) A coffin. | (anatomy) The portion of the human body from the base of the neck to the top of the abdomen; the homologous area in some other animals. | The front (anterior) surface of this portion of the torso. | (euphemistic, , , ) A female human's breasts. | A hit or blow made with one's chest.


lexentry: eng/chest_of_drawers__Noun__1
written_rep: chest of drawers
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komoda
sense_list:
A piece of furniture which has multiple parallel, horizontal drawers stacked one above the other, used mainly for the storage of clean clothes.


lexentry: eng/chest_voice__Noun__1
written_rep: chest voice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rejestr piersiowy
sense_list:
(phonology, music) A kind of voice of a medium or low pitch and a sonorous quality ascribed to resonance in the chest, or thorax; voice of the thick register. It is produced by vibration of the vocal cords through their entire width and thickness, and with convex surfaces presented to each other.


lexentry: eng/chest_wall__Noun__1
written_rep: chest wall
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klatka piersiowa
sense_list:
(medicine) The set of tissues that bound the thoracic cavity, including the rib cage, fascia, muscles etc.


lexentry: eng/chestnut__Noun__1
written_rep: chestnut
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: kasztan
sense_list:
(uncountable) A dark, reddish-brown colour, as seen on the fruit of the chestnut tree. | (uncountable) Wood of a chestnut tree.


lexentry: eng/chevron__Noun__1
written_rep: chevron
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szewron
sense_list:
A V-shaped pattern; used in architecture, and as an insignia of military or police rank, on the sleeve. | (chiefly, British) One of the V-shaped markings on the surface of roads used to indicate minimum distances between vehicles.


lexentry: eng/chevrotain__Noun__1
written_rep: chevrotain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kanczyl
sense_list:
Any of several small hornless ruminants of the family Tragulidae, native to tropical rainforests of South and Southeast Asia, and Central and West Africa; a mouse deer.


lexentry: eng/chew__Verb__1
written_rep: chew
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: żuć | przeżuwać
sense_list:
To crush with the teeth by repeated closing and opening of the jaws; done to food to soften it and break it down by the action of saliva before it is swallowed.


lexentry: eng/chew_the_cud__Verb__1
written_rep: chew the cud
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: przeżuwać | myśleć | pomyśleć | przeżuć | zastanawiać się | zastanowić się
sense_list:
(figuratively, idiomatic, of a person) To meditate or ponder before answering; to be deep in thought; to ruminate.


lexentry: eng/chew_the_scenery__Verb__1
written_rep: chew the scenery
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odegrać przesadnie | odgrywać przesadnie
sense_list:
(idiomatic, performing arts) To display excessive emotion or to act in an exaggerated manner while performing; to be melodramatic; to be flamboyant.


lexentry: eng/chi__Noun__2
written_rep: chi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chi
sense_list:
(philosophy, mysticism) A life force in traditional Chinese philosophy, culture, medicine, etc, related (but not limited) to breath and circulation.


lexentry: eng/chia_seed__Noun__1
written_rep: chia seed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nasiona chia
sense_list:
An edible seed of Salvia hispanica, a flowering plant in the mint family native to Central America, or of the related Salvia columbariae of southwestern United States and Mexico.


lexentry: eng/chiaroscuro__Noun__1
written_rep: chiaroscuro
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chiaroscuro | światłocień
sense_list:
(painting) An artistic technique developed during the Renaissance, referring to the use of strong contrasts between light and dark in order to create the illusion of volume.


lexentry: eng/chicane__Noun__1
written_rep: chicane
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: szykana
sense_list:
(motor racing) A sharp double bend on a racecourse, designed to prevent unsafe speeds; an obstacle creating a curve. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/chick_flick__Noun__1
written_rep: chick flick
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: babski film
sense_list:
(colloquial, informal, somewhat, derogatory) A film, typically about romance, which is generally more popular with women than men.


lexentry: eng/chickaree__Noun__1
written_rep: chickaree
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sosnowiórka
sense_list:
(North America) A small squirrel, one of the species of Tamiasciurus, that lives in evergreen forests of North America.


lexentry: eng/chicken_out__Verb__1
written_rep: chicken out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stchórzyć | tchórzyć
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To shy away from a daring task; to decline, refuse, or avoid something due to fear or uncertainty.


lexentry: eng/chickenhawk__Noun__1
written_rep: chickenhawk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: błotniak
sense_list:
Any of the North American hawk species (Cooper's hawk, sharp-shinned hawk and red-tailed hawk), or counterparts elsewhere, mistakenly believed to be pests.


lexentry: eng/chickling_vetch__Noun__1
written_rep: chickling vetch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: groszek siewny
sense_list:
A plant with edible seeds similar to peas and chickpeas of species Lathyrus sativus, used as a famine food but causing lathyrism if eaten in large amounts or over a long time.


lexentry: eng/chicory__Noun__1
written_rep: chicory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cykoria
sense_list:
(chiefly, Britain) Common chicory (Cichorium intybus), source of Belgian endive, radicchio, and certain other cultivars with other names.


lexentry: eng/chief_executive_officer__Noun__1
written_rep: chief executive officer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dyrektor zarządzający | dyrektor generalny | prezes
sense_list:
(business) The highest-ranking corporate officer or executive officer of a corporation, company, or agency, responsible for carrying out the policies of the board of directors on a day-to-day basis; CEO.


lexentry: eng/chief_information_officer__Noun__1
written_rep: chief information officer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kierownik do spraw informatyki
sense_list:
An executive who is in charge of the technical affairs of a business, notably as head of the information technology department, typically directly under the chief executive officer and/or the board.


lexentry: eng/chief_operating_officer__Noun__1
written_rep: chief operating officer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dyrektor operacyjny
sense_list:
(business) A corporate officer of a corporation, company, or agency, responsible for executing decisions of the chief executive officer (CEO) according to their decided schedule.


lexentry: eng/chiffchaff__Noun__1
written_rep: chiffchaff
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pierwiosnek
sense_list:
A small, common warbler, Phylloscopus collybita, with yellowish-green plumage that breeds throughout northern and temperate Europe and Asia.


lexentry: eng/chiffon__Noun__1
written_rep: chiffon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szyfon
sense_list:
A lightweight, balanced plain-woven sheer fabric, or gauze, like gossamer, woven of alternate S- and Z-twist crepe (high-twist) yarns made of silk, polyester, or cotton.


lexentry: eng/chilblain__Noun__1
written_rep: chilblain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odmrozina
sense_list:
An itchy purple red inflammation of the skin, especially of the hands, feet and ears, occurring when capillaries below the skin are damaged by exposure to cold weather (but do not freeze, which would lead to frostbite instead).


lexentry: eng/child__Noun__1
written_rep: child
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: dziecko | dziecię
sense_list:
(with possessive) One's direct descendant by birth, regardless of age; one's offspring; a son or daughter.


lexentry: eng/child__Noun__1
written_rep: child
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: dziecko
sense_list:
A person considered a product of a place or culture, a member of a tribe or culture, regardless of age. | (computing) A data item, process, or object which has a subservient or derivative role relative to another.


lexentry: eng/child_labour__Noun__1
written_rep: child labour
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: praca dzieci
sense_list:
(British spelling, Canadian spelling) Work performed by a minor that is prohibited by statute law, or under terms and conditions considered inhumane.


lexentry: eng/child_molester__Noun__1
written_rep: child molester
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pedofil
sense_list:
(criminology) Someone who has committed an act of child molestation; someone who has sexually abused a minor.


lexentry: eng/child_prostitution__Noun__1
written_rep: child prostitution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dziecięca prostytucja
sense_list:
The use of a child by others for sexual activities in return for remuneration or any other form of consideration.


lexentry: eng/child_safety_seat__Noun__1
written_rep: child safety seat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: fotelik samochodowy | fotelik | fotelik dziecięcy
sense_list:
A detachable seat intended to provide additional safety to infants and young children when riding in automobiles, now frequently mandated by law.


lexentry: eng/child_support__Noun__1
written_rep: child support
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: alimenty
sense_list:
(legal) The ongoing obligation for a periodic payment made directly or indirectly by an obligor, usually the noncustodial parent, to an obligee, usually the custodial parent or other guardian, for the financial care and support of children of a relationship or marriage that has been terminated, or which never existed.


lexentry: eng/childhood__Noun__1
written_rep: childhood
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dzieciństwo
sense_list:
(mostly, uncountable) The state of being a child. | The time during which one is a child, from between infancy and puberty. | (by extension) The early stages of development of something.


lexentry: eng/children's_home__Noun__1
written_rep: children's home
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dom dziecka
sense_list:
A public institution for the care and protection of children whose parents have died or can no longer care for them.


lexentry: eng/chili__Noun__1
written_rep: chili
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chili
sense_list:
(countable) The pungent, spicy fresh or dried fruit of any of several cultivated varieties of capsicum peppers, used in cooking. | (uncountable) Powdered chili pepper, used as a spice or flavouring in cooking.


lexentry: eng/chili_pepper__Noun__1
written_rep: chili pepper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: papryka chili
sense_list:
Any fruit of a plant of the botanical genus Capsicum, which contains capsaicin and typically has a spicy or burning flavor.


lexentry: eng/chiliasm__Noun__1
written_rep: chiliasm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chiliazm | millenaryzm
sense_list:
Belief in an earthly thousand-year period of peace and prosperity, sometimes equated with the return of Jesus for that period.


lexentry: eng/chimaera__Noun__1
written_rep: chimaera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: chimera | przeraza
sense_list:
A cartilaginous marine fish in the subclass Holocephali and especially the order Chimaeriformes, with a blunt snout, long tail, and a spine before the first dorsal fin


lexentry: eng/chime__Noun__1
written_rep: chime
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kurant
sense_list:
(musical instruments) A musical instrument producing a sound when struck, similar to a bell (e.g. a tubular metal bar) or actually a bell. Often used in the plural to refer to the set: the chimes.


lexentry: eng/chime__Noun__1
written_rep: chime
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: dzwon
sense_list:
An individual ringing component of such a set. | A small bell or other ringing or tone-making device as a component of some other device.


lexentry: eng/chime__Verb__1
written_rep: chime
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: błahy
sense_list:
(intransitive) To make the sound of a chime. | (transitive) To cause to sound in harmony; to play a tune, as upon a set of bells; to move or strike in harmony.


lexentry: eng/chimera__Noun__1
written_rep: chimera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: chimera
sense_list:
(figurative) A foolish, incongruous, or vain thought or product of the imagination. | (genetics) An organism with genetically distinct cells originating from two or more zygotes.


lexentry: eng/chimera__Noun__1
written_rep: chimera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: chimera | przeraza
sense_list:
(zoology) , a cartilaginous marine fish in the subclass Holocephali and especially the order Chimaeriformes, with a blunt snout, long tail, and a spine before the first dorsal fin.


lexentry: eng/chimney__Noun__1
written_rep: chimney
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komin | dymnik
sense_list:
A vertical tube or hollow column used to emit environmentally polluting gaseous and solid matter (including but not limited to by-products of burning carbon- or hydrocarbon-based fuels); a flue.


lexentry: eng/chimney__Noun__1
written_rep: chimney
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: komin
sense_list:
(British) The smokestack of a steam locomotive. | A narrow cleft in a rock face; a narrow vertical cave passage.


lexentry: eng/chimney_stack__Noun__1
written_rep: chimney stack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komin
sense_list:
(architectural element) A vertical structure, normally of brick, rising from a roof, containing one or more flues, each one terminating in a chimney pot.


lexentry: eng/chimney_swift__Noun__1
written_rep: chimney swift
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kominiarczyk amerykański
sense_list:
A rapid-flying bird that feeds on flying insects, Chaetura pelagica, with a breeding range in the eastern US extending into Canada and winter range in northwestern South America.


lexentry: eng/chimpanzee__Noun__1
written_rep: chimpanzee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szympans | szympans zwyczajny
sense_list:
Pan troglodytes, a species of great ape in the genus Pan, native to Africa, and believed by biologists to be the closest extant relative to humans along with the bonobo.


lexentry: eng/chimpanzee__Noun__1
written_rep: chimpanzee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: szympans
sense_list:
(broadly) A member of the genus Pan, including the bonobo which was formerly known as the pygmy chimpanzee.


lexentry: eng/chinchilla__Noun__1
written_rep: chinchilla
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szynszyla
sense_list:
(countable) Either of two small, crepuscular rodents of the genus Chinchilla, native to the Andes, prized for their very soft fur and often kept as pets. | (uncountable) The fur of a chinchilla, used for clothing.


lexentry: eng/chingadera__Noun__1
written_rep: chingadera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chujowizna
sense_list:
(US, vulgar, Spanglish) A miscellaneous object for which one does not know, or has forgotten, its proper name; a doohickey, contraption, thingamabob, or widget.


lexentry: eng/chip__Noun__1
written_rep: chip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: lob
sense_list:
(sports, _, such as soccer) A shot during which the ball travels more predominantly upwards than in a regular shot, as to clear an obstacle.


lexentry: eng/chipmunk__Noun__1
written_rep: chipmunk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pręgowiec
sense_list:
Any of the subtribe Tamiina of small, striped rodents; they are found in North America, with the exception of the Siberian chipmunk which is found primarily in Asia.


lexentry: eng/chipper__Noun__1
written_rep: chipper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: niszczarka
sense_list:
(in particular, US) A machine that reduces organic matter to compost; depending on size, whole tree trunks are reduced to sawdust; a woodchipper.


lexentry: eng/chipset__Noun__1
written_rep: chipset
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chipset
sense_list:
(computing) A group of integrated circuits that are designed to work together, and are usually marketed as a single product.


lexentry: eng/chiral__Adjective__1
written_rep: chiral
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chiralny
sense_list:
(geometry, physical chemistry) that exhibits chirality; as in the left-handed and right-handed versions of a helix, or a molecule with L- and D- stereoisomers.


lexentry: eng/chirality__Noun__1
written_rep: chirality
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chiralność
sense_list:
The phenomenon, in chemistry, physics and mathematics, in which objects are mirror images of each other, but are otherwise identical; handedness.


lexentry: eng/chiropractic__Noun__1
written_rep: chiropractic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chiropraktyka
sense_list:
(alternative medicine) A system of health care involving manipulation of the spinal column and other body structures, for the purpose of alleviating neuromusculoskeletal dysfunction.


lexentry: eng/chirp__Verb__1
written_rep: chirp
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: świergotać
sense_list:
(intransitive) To make a short, sharp, cheerful note, as of small birds or crickets; to chitter; to twitter.


lexentry: eng/chisel__Noun__1
written_rep: chisel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dłuto | przecinak
sense_list:
A cutting tool used to remove parts of stone, wood or metal by pushing or pounding the back when the sharp edge is against the material. It consists of a slim, oblong block of metal with a sharp wedge or bevel formed on one end and sometimes a handle at the other end; there are hand tool versions (the original type) and versions as bits for power tools.


lexentry: eng/chisel__Verb__1
written_rep: chisel
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: cyzelować | wycyzelować
sense_list:
(transitive) To work something with a chisel. | (ambitransitive, informal) To beg or pressure somebody into giving up (something); to haggle excessively; to cheat; to obtain something from (someone) by cheating.


lexentry: eng/chitin__Noun__1
written_rep: chitin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chityna
sense_list:
(carbohydrate) A complex polysaccharide, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and in the cell walls of fungi; thought to be responsible for some forms of asthma in humans.


lexentry: eng/chiton__Noun__2
written_rep: chiton
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chiton
sense_list:
Any of various rock-clinging marine molluscs of the class Polyplacophora, including the genus Chiton.


lexentry: eng/chivalry__Noun__1
written_rep: chivalry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: rycerskość
sense_list:
The ethical code of the knight prevalent in Medieval Europe, having such primary virtues as mercy towards the poor and oppressed, humility, honour, sacrifice, fear of God, faithfulness, courage and courtesy to ladies. | Courteous behaviour, especially that of men towards women.


lexentry: eng/chlamydia__Noun__1
written_rep: chlamydia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chlamydia
sense_list:
(uncountable) Any of several common, often asymptomatic, sexually transmitted diseases caused by the microorganism Chlamydia trachomatis.


lexentry: eng/chlamys__Noun__1
written_rep: chlamys
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chlamida
sense_list:
(historical) A short poncho-like cloak caught up on the shoulder, worn by hunters, soldiers, and horsemen in Ancient Greece.


lexentry: eng/chloric__Adjective__1
written_rep: chloric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chlorowy
sense_list:
(chemistry) Of a compound, containing chlorine with a higher oxidation number than equivalent chlorous compounds; especially having an oxidation number of 5.


lexentry: eng/chloric_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: chloric acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas chlorowy
sense_list:
(chemistry) a strong acid, HClO3, known only in solution and as its chlorate salts; a powerful oxidizing agent


lexentry: eng/chloride__Noun__1
written_rep: chloride
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chlorek
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any salt of hydrochloric acid, such as sodium chloride, or any binary compound of chlorine and another element or radical.


lexentry: eng/chlorinate__Verb__1
written_rep: chlorinate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chlorować
sense_list:
(transitive, chemistry) To add chlorine to (something, especially water, to purify it; or an auriferous substance, to extract gold from it).


lexentry: eng/chlorine_dioxide__Noun__1
written_rep: chlorine dioxide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dwutlenek chloru
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) a reddish-yellow explosive gas, ClO2, used as a water disinfectant and to bleach flour and wood pulp


lexentry: eng/chlorite__Noun__1
written_rep: chlorite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chloryt
sense_list:
(mineral) A dark green mineral resembling serpentine, being a mixed silicate of magnesium, iron and aluminium.


lexentry: eng/chloroform__Noun__1
written_rep: chloroform
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chloroform
sense_list:
(organic compound) A halogenated hydrocarbon, trichloromethane, CHCl3; it is a volatile, sweet-smelling liquid, used extensively as a solvent and formerly as an anesthetic.


lexentry: eng/chlorophyll__Noun__1
written_rep: chlorophyll
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chlorofil
sense_list:
(biochemistry) Any of a group of green pigments that are found in the chloroplasts of plants and in other photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria.


lexentry: eng/chloroplast__Noun__1
written_rep: chloroplast
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chloroplast
sense_list:
(cytology) An organelle, found in the cells of green plants and in photosynthetic algae, where photosynthesis takes place, characterized by a high concentration of chlorophyll and two membranes.


lexentry: eng/chlorosis__Noun__1
written_rep: chlorosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chloroza | bladaczka | blednica
sense_list:
(medicine, countable) An anaemia, due to deficiency of iron, characterized by a yellow-green coloration of the skin.


lexentry: eng/chock__Noun__1
written_rep: chock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klin
sense_list:
Any object used as a wedge or filler, especially when placed behind a wheel to prevent it from rolling.


lexentry: eng/chocolate__Noun__1
written_rep: chocolate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czekolada
sense_list:
(mostly, uncountable) A food made from ground roasted cocoa beans. | (uncountable) A dark, reddish-brown colour/color, like that of chocolate (also called chocolate brown).


lexentry: eng/chocolate_bar__Noun__1
written_rep: chocolate bar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tabliczka czekolady
sense_list:
A flat slab of chocolate, usually oblong in shape, which can be broken into smaller segments when being eaten, either solid or with a filling such as nuts or caramel.


lexentry: eng/chocolate_milk__Noun__1
written_rep: chocolate milk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kakao
sense_list:
A sweetened cocoa-flavored drink, typically created by mixing chocolate syrup or chocolate powder with milk, and typically served cold.


lexentry: eng/choice__Noun__1
written_rep: choice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: wybór
sense_list:
One selection or preference; that which is chosen or decided; the outcome of a decision. | Anything that can be chosen. | (usually, with the) The best or most preferable part.


lexentry: eng/choir__Noun__1
written_rep: choir
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chór
sense_list:
A group of people who sing together; a company of people who are trained to sing together. | (architecture) Uncommon form of quire (“one quarter of a cruciform church, or the architectural area of a church used by the choir, often near the apse”). | (Christian angelology) One of the nine ranks or orders of angels.


lexentry: eng/choke__Verb__1
written_rep: choke
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dusić | dławić | krztusić | udusić | zadławić | zakrztusić
sense_list:
(intransitive) To be unable to breathe because of obstruction of the windpipe (for instance food or other objects that go down the wrong way, or fumes or particles in the air that cause the throat to constrict).


lexentry: eng/chokeberry__Noun__1
written_rep: chokeberry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aronia
sense_list:
Either of two species in Aronia, formerly and sometimes in Photinia, deciduous shrubs, native to Russia and eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps. | The fruit of such a shrub.


lexentry: eng/choker__Noun__1
written_rep: choker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: choker
sense_list:
(fashion) A piece of jewelry or ornamental fabric, worn as a necklace or neckerchief, tight to the throat.


lexentry: eng/cholera__Noun__1
written_rep: cholera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cholera
sense_list:
(pathology) Any of several acute infectious diseases of humans and domestic animals, caused by certain strains of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium through ingestion of contaminated water or food, usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.


lexentry: eng/cholesterol__Noun__1
written_rep: cholesterol
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cholesterol
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A sterol lipid synthesized by the liver and transported in the bloodstream to the membranes of all animal cells; it plays a central role in many biochemical processes and, as a lipoprotein that coats the walls of blood vessels, is associated with cardiovascular disease.


lexentry: eng/choline__Noun__1
written_rep: choline
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cholina
sense_list:
(organic compound) A hydroxy quaternary ammonium compound with formula (CH3)3N+CH2CH2OHX−. It is an essential nutrient for cardiovascular and brain health and for cell membrane formation.


lexentry: eng/chop_suey__Noun__1
written_rep: chop suey
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chop suey
sense_list:
(US, Philippines, AU) A stir-fried vegetable dish, served with pieces of beef or pork in a semi-thick sauce, and often soy sauce. | (Canada, and, British) Steamed bean sprouts served in a semi-thick sauce, and mixed with a choice of meat and/or vegetables.


lexentry: eng/chopstick__Noun__1
written_rep: chopstick
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pałeczka
sense_list:
(usually, in the plural) An East Asian eating utensil usually used as a pair and held in one hand to grip pieces of food or occasionally to mix liquids or scoop up small pieces of food. The utensil is a stick, usually made of wood and measuring approximately 23cm (10 inches) in length. | (obsolete, angling) A long straight stick forming part of various fishing tackle arrangements.


lexentry: eng/chord__Noun__1
written_rep: chord
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: cięciwa
sense_list:
(rail) A section of subsidiary railway track that interconnects two primary tracks that cross at different levels, to permit traffic to flow between them.


lexentry: eng/chordate__Noun__1
written_rep: chordate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: strunowiec
sense_list:
A member of the phylum Chordata; numerous animals having a notochord at some stage of their development; in vertebrates this develops into the spine.


lexentry: eng/chordophone__Noun__1
written_rep: chordophone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: instrument strunowy
sense_list:
(musical instrument) Any musical instrument that produces sound from one or more vibrating strings; a string instrument.


lexentry: eng/chorea__Noun__1
written_rep: chorea
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: pląsawica
sense_list:
(pathology) Any of the various diseases of the nervous system characterized by involuntary muscular movements of the face and extremities; St. Vitus's dance.


lexentry: eng/choreography__Noun__1
written_rep: choreography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: choreografia
sense_list:
(by extension, figurative) The art of creating and arranging any activities that involve social coordination or orchestration. | (uncountable) The art of creating, arranging and recording the dance movements of a work, such as a ballet.


lexentry: eng/chorion__Noun__1
written_rep: chorion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kosmówka
sense_list:
(anatomy, biology) The protective and nutritive membrane in higher vertebrates that attaches the fetus to the uterus.


lexentry: eng/chorizo__Noun__1
written_rep: chorizo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chorizo
sense_list:
A spicy Spanish sausage flavoured with paprika, often crumbled for use in filling tacos, quesadillas, etc.


lexentry: eng/chorus__Noun__1
written_rep: chorus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chór
sense_list:
A group of singers and dancers in a theatrical performance or religious festival who commented on the main performance in speech or song. | A group of singers performing together; a choir; specifically, such a group singing together in a musical, an opera, etc., as distinct from the soloists; an ensemble.


lexentry: eng/chorus__Noun__1
written_rep: chorus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: chórek
sense_list:
(often, attributively) A feature or setting in electronic music that makes one instrument sound like many.


lexentry: eng/chosen_one__Noun__1
written_rep: chosen one
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wybraniec
sense_list:
(informal, authorship) A character in a narrative work who is predestined to save the world or accomplish some other grand and heroic deed; one who is predestined to become the one.


lexentry: eng/chough__Noun__1
written_rep: chough
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wrończyk
sense_list:
Either of two species of bird of the genus Pyrrhocorax in the crow family Corvidae that breed mainly in high mountains and on coastal sea cliffs of Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/chough__Noun__1
written_rep: chough
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: skałowron
sense_list:
The white-winged chough, of genus Corcorax in the Australian mud-nest builders family, Corcoracidae, that inhabits dry woodlands.


lexentry: eng/choux_pastry__Noun__1
written_rep: choux pastry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ciasto parzone
sense_list:
A type of light pastry (made just from butter, water, flour and eggs) that is used to make profiteroles, éclairs, chouquettes, etc.


lexentry: eng/chrism__Noun__1
written_rep: chrism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krzyżmo
sense_list:
A mixture of oil and balm, consecrated for use as an anointing fluid in certain Christian ceremonies, especially confirmation.


lexentry: eng/chrismation__Noun__1
written_rep: chrismation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chryzmacja | miropomazanie
sense_list:
(ecclesiastical) The sacrament of applying chrism to complete baptism in the Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches.


lexentry: eng/christen__Verb__1
written_rep: christen
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chrzcić
sense_list:
(transitive) To perform the religious act of baptism upon; to baptize. | (transitive, by extension) To name.


lexentry: eng/chromakey__Noun__1
written_rep: chromakey
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: blue box
sense_list:
(television, cinema) The use of a particular color, usually either green or blue) as a key in a studio in order to allow one image to be seamlessly partially superimposed upon another.


lexentry: eng/chromatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: chromatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chromatyczny
sense_list:
(uncomparable) Characterized or caused by, or relating to, colour or hue. | Relating to or using notes not belonging to the diatonic scale of the key in which a passage of music is written.


lexentry: eng/chromatic_aberration__Noun__1
written_rep: chromatic aberration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aberracja chromatyczna
sense_list:
(optics) An optical aberration in which an image has coloured fringes, caused by differential refraction of light of different wavelengths.


lexentry: eng/chromatin__Noun__1
written_rep: chromatin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chromatyna
sense_list:
(biology) A complex of DNA, RNA and proteins within the cell nucleus out of which chromosomes condense during cell division.


lexentry: eng/chromium__Noun__1
written_rep: chromium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chrom
sense_list:
A chemical element (symbol Cr) with an atomic number of 24: a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle transition metal.


lexentry: eng/chromosome__Noun__1
written_rep: chromosome
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chromosom
sense_list:
(cytology, genetics) A linear arrangement of condensed DNA and associated proteins (such as chaperone proteins) which contains the genetic material (genome) of an organism.


lexentry: eng/chromosphere__Noun__1
written_rep: chromosphere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chromosfera
sense_list:
(star) The faint pink extension of a star's atmospheric envelope between the corona and the photosphere


lexentry: eng/chroneme__Noun__1
written_rep: chroneme
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chronem
sense_list:
A basic, theoretical unit of sound that can distinguish words by duration only of a vowel or consonant.


lexentry: eng/chronic_wasting_disease__Noun__1
written_rep: chronic wasting disease
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przewlekła choroba wyniszczająca
sense_list:
(veterinary, pathology) A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy found in deer, typified by chronic weight loss leading to death.


lexentry: eng/chronobiology__Noun__1
written_rep: chronobiology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biorytmologia | chronobiologia
sense_list:
(biology) The study of the effects of time on biological systems, especially the effects of periodicity


lexentry: eng/chronogram__Noun__1
written_rep: chronogram
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chronostych
sense_list:
A sentence or inscription whose letters, when interpreted according to a system (such as Roman numerals) in which letters correspond to numeric values, stand for a particular date (usually the date of inscription) when rearranged.


lexentry: eng/chronological__Adjective__1
written_rep: chronological
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: chronologiczny
sense_list:
(films, shows, books, etc) Relating to the arrangement of events in the order in which they occur within a story, rather than the order in which they are released.


lexentry: eng/chronology__Noun__1
written_rep: chronology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chronologia
sense_list:
(uncountable) The science of determining the order in which events occurred. | (countable) An arrangement of events into chronological order; called a timeline when involving graphical elements.


lexentry: eng/chrononormativity__Noun__1
written_rep: chrononormativity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: heteronormatywność
sense_list:
the use of time to organize individuals toward maximum productivity; for example, the appropriate time range to start working, have children, or to retire.


lexentry: eng/chrysalis__Noun__1
written_rep: chrysalis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: poczwarka
sense_list:
The pupa of a butterfly or moth, particularly bare and hanging or girdled, as opposed to enclosed in a cocoon, in which metamorphosis takes place.


lexentry: eng/chrysanthemum__Noun__1
written_rep: chrysanthemum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: złocień | chryzantema | jastrun | jastruń
sense_list:
Any of many flowering perennial plants, of the genus Chrysanthemum, native to China, that have showy radiate heads.


lexentry: eng/chrysoberyl__Noun__1
written_rep: chrysoberyl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chryzoberyl
sense_list:
(mineral) A vitreous mineral, often pale green, a mixed oxide of aluminium and beryllium with the chemical formula BeAl2O4, used as a gemstone.


lexentry: eng/chubby__Adjective__1
written_rep: chubby
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pulchny | pyzaty
sense_list:
Of a person: slightly overweight, somewhat fat, and hence plump, rounded, and soft. | Of a body part: containing a moderate amount of fat.


lexentry: eng/chuck__Noun__1
written_rep: chuck
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: uchwyt | zacisk
sense_list:
(mechanical engineering) A mechanical device that holds an object firmly in place, for example holding a drill bit in a high-speed rotating drill or grinder.


lexentry: eng/chuck_up__Verb__1
written_rep: chuck up
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: rzygać
sense_list:
(dated, transitive and intransitive) To chuck up the sponge; to give up; to admit defeat; to break a contract; to abandon or quit (something).


lexentry: eng/chufa__Noun__1
written_rep: chufa
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cibora
sense_list:
Cyperus esculentus, a species of sedge native to warm temperate to subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere having small edible tubers (tiger nuts).


lexentry: eng/chunk__Noun__1
written_rep: chunk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: fragment
sense_list:
A representative portion of a substance, often large and irregular. | (computing) A discrete segment of a file, stream, etc. (especially one that represents audiovisual media); a block.


lexentry: eng/chupacabras__Noun__1
written_rep: chupacabras
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chupacabra
sense_list:
(cryptozoology) A legendary creature in the folklore of parts of the Americas dating from the 1990s, supposed to attack and drink the blood of livestock, especially goats.


lexentry: eng/church__Noun__1
written_rep: church
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kościół | cerkiew | zbór
sense_list:
(countable, Christianity) A Christian house of worship; a building where Christian religious services take place. [from 9th c.]


lexentry: eng/church__Noun__1
written_rep: church
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: kościół | wspólnota
sense_list:
(countable) A local group of people who follow the same Christian religious beliefs, local or general. [from 9th c.]


lexentry: eng/church__Noun__1
written_rep: church
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: kościół | cerkiew
sense_list:
(uncountable) Organized religion in general or a specific religion considered as a political institution.


lexentry: eng/church_service__Noun__1
written_rep: church service
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nabożeństwo
sense_list:
A formalized period of communal worship, often but not exclusively occurring on Sunday, or Saturday in the case of those churches practicing Sabbatarianism.


lexentry: eng/churchkhela__Noun__1
written_rep: churchkhela
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czurczchela
sense_list:
A traditional sausage-shaped candy originating from Georgia and made from grape must, nuts and flour.


lexentry: eng/churn__Verb__1
written_rep: churn
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: burzyć | ubijać | ubić | zburzyć
sense_list:
(transitive) To agitate rapidly and repetitively, or to stir with a rowing or rocking motion; generally applies to liquids, notably cream.


lexentry: eng/chute__Noun__1
written_rep: chute
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zjeżdżalnia
sense_list:
A framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which water passes to a wheel.


lexentry: eng/chutney__Noun__1
written_rep: chutney
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ćatni | czatnej | gąszcz
sense_list:
A sweet or savory but usually spicy condiment, originally from eastern India, made from a variety of fruits and/or vegetables, often containing significant amounts of fresh green or dried red chili peppers. [from 1813]


lexentry: eng/chutzpah__Noun__1
written_rep: chutzpah
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: hucpa | bezczelność | kpina
sense_list:
(informal) Nearly arrogant courage; utter audacity, effrontery or impudence; supreme self-confidence; exaggerated self-opinion.


lexentry: eng/château__Noun__1
written_rep: château
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pałac
sense_list:
A French castle, fortress, manor house, or large country house. | Any stately residence imitating a distinctively French castle.


lexentry: eng/ciborium__Noun__1
written_rep: ciborium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cyborium
sense_list:
(architecture) A fixed vaulted canopy over a Christian altar, supported on four columns. | (Christianity) A covered receptacle for holding the consecrated wafers of the Eucharist.


lexentry: eng/cicada__Noun__1
written_rep: cicada
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cykada
sense_list:
Any of several insects in the superfamily Cicadoidea, with small eyes wide apart on the head and transparent well-veined wings.


lexentry: eng/cicero__Noun__1
written_rep: cicero
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cycero
sense_list:
(typography, Continental, _, printing) The Continental equivalent of the English pica: a measure of 12 Didot points (4.51368 mm or about 0.178 in.) or a body of type in this size.


lexentry: eng/cicerone__Noun__1
written_rep: cicerone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cicerone
sense_list:
A guide who accompanies visitors and sightseers to museums, galleries, etc., and explains matters of archaeological, antiquarian, historic or artistic interest.


lexentry: eng/cicisbeo__Noun__1
written_rep: cicisbeo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cicisbeo
sense_list:
(now, chiefly, historical) A man who escorts a married woman to social functions, especially in 18th-century Italy; a married woman's lover.


lexentry: eng/cider__Noun__1
written_rep: cider
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: cydr | napój gazowany z sokiem jabłkowym | sok jabłkowy
sense_list:
(US, Canada) A non-alcoholic still beverage consisting of the juice of early-harvest apples, usually unfiltered and still containing pulp; apple cider; sweet cider (without pulp such a beverage is called apple juice).


lexentry: eng/cider__Noun__1
written_rep: cider
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: cydr | jabłecznik
sense_list:
(Australia) A non-alcoholic carbonated beverage made from apples or pears. | (countable) A cup, glass, or serving of any of these beverages.


lexentry: eng/cigar__Noun__1
written_rep: cigar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cygaro
sense_list:
A cylinder of tobacco rolled and wrapped with an outer covering of tobacco leaves, intended to be smoked.


lexentry: eng/cigarette__Noun__1
written_rep: cigarette
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: papieros | cygareta
sense_list:
A small cigar consisting of tobacco or another substance, wrapped up in a thin roll with paper, intended for smoking.


lexentry: eng/cilantro__Noun__1
written_rep: cilantro
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolendra
sense_list:
(US) The stems and leaves of the coriander plant, Coriandrum sativum, used as a seasoning and garnish in cooking.


lexentry: eng/cilice__Noun__1
written_rep: cilice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: włosienica
sense_list:
A garment or undergarment made of coarse cloth or animal hair worn close to the skin used by members of various Christian traditions as a self-imposed means of penance (repentance) and mortification of the flesh.


lexentry: eng/cilium__Noun__1
written_rep: cilium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rzęska
sense_list:
(cytology) A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors.


lexentry: eng/cinchona__Noun__1
written_rep: cinchona
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chinowiec
sense_list:
A tree or shrub of the genus Cinchona, native to the Andes in South America but since widely cultivated in Indonesia and India as well for its medicinal bark.


lexentry: eng/cinder__Noun__1
written_rep: cinder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oparzelina | zgorzelina
sense_list:
Partially or mostly burnt material that results from incomplete combustion of coal or wood etc.; it often rides the rising smoke column into the air, and it can pose a fire hazard when it lands, in dry conditions


lexentry: eng/cinema__Noun__1
written_rep: cinema
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: kino | kinematografia
sense_list:
(film, uncountable) The film and movie industry. | (film, countable, uncountable) The art of making films and movies; cinematography


lexentry: eng/cinnabar__Noun__1
written_rep: cinnabar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cynober
sense_list:
A deep red mineral, mercuric sulfide, HgS; the principal ore of mercury; such ore used as the pigment vermilion. | A bright red colour tinted with orange.


lexentry: eng/cinnamic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: cinnamic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas cynamonowy
sense_list:
(carboxylic acid) The aromatic carboxylic acid C6H5-CH=CH-COOH obtained from cinnamon; it is used in perfumery etc


lexentry: eng/cinnamon__Noun__1
written_rep: cinnamon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: cynamonowiec | cynamon
sense_list:
Several related trees, notably the Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) and Chinese cinnamon or cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum or Cinnamomum cassia).


lexentry: eng/cinnamon__Noun__1
written_rep: cinnamon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: cynamon | cynamonowiec
sense_list:
(mostly, uncountable) A spice from the dried aromatic bark of the cinnamon tree, either rolled into strips or ground into a powder. The word is commonly used as trade name for spices made of any of the species above.


lexentry: eng/cipher__Noun__1
written_rep: cipher
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: szyfr
sense_list:
A method of transforming a text in order to conceal its meaning. | (cryptography) A cryptographic system using an algorithm that converts letters or sequences of bits into ciphertext.


lexentry: eng/circadian__Adjective__1
written_rep: circadian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: całodobowy | dwudziestoczterogodzinny
sense_list:
(biology) Of, relating to, or showing rhythmic behaviour with a period of 24 hours; especially of a biological process.


lexentry: eng/circle__Noun__1
written_rep: circle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: okrąg | krąg | koło
sense_list:
(geometry) A two-dimensional geometric figure, a line, consisting of the set of all those points in a plane that are equally distant from a given point (center). | (colloquial) A two-dimensional geometric figure, a disk, consisting of the set of all those points of a plane at a distance less than or equal to a fixed distance (radius) from a given point.


lexentry: eng/circle__Noun__1
written_rep: circle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: koło | okrąg
sense_list:
(astronomy) An instrument of observation, whose graduated limb consists of an entire circle. When fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is called a mural circle; when mounted with a telescope on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a meridian or transit circle; when involving the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a reflecting circle; and when that of repeating an angle several times continuously along the graduated limb, a repeating circle.


lexentry: eng/circle_jerk__Noun__1
written_rep: circle jerk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
sense_list:
(Internet slang) An environment (especially an online community) in which people express or validate a narrow set of ideas and feelings.

trans_list:
grupa wzajemnej adoracji | klub wzajemnej adoracji | kółko wzajemnej adoracji | towarzystwo wzajemnej adoracji


lexentry: eng/circuit__Noun__1
written_rep: circuit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: obwód
sense_list:
The circumference of, or distance around, any space; the measure of a line around an area. | (electricity) Enclosed path of an electric current, usually designed for a certain function.


lexentry: eng/circuit_board__Noun__1
written_rep: circuit board
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: płytka obwodu drukowanego
sense_list:
(electronics, computer hardware) A board on which electronic components and their interconnecting circuits are mounted or etched.


lexentry: eng/circuit_breaker__Noun__1
written_rep: circuit breaker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bezpiecznik
sense_list:
(electricity) An electrical switch capable of opening and closing an electrical circuit in all operating conditions, including fault situations.


lexentry: eng/circular_argument__Noun__1
written_rep: circular argument
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: błędne koło w rozumowaniu
sense_list:
(philosophy, logic) An argument which commits the logical fallacy of assuming what it is attempting to prove.


lexentry: eng/circular_economy__Noun__1
written_rep: circular economy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gospodarka o obiegu zamkniętym
sense_list:
(economics) An industrial economy that aims to reduce waste and pollution by means of reuse, recycling, etc.


lexentry: eng/circular_firing_squad__Noun__1
written_rep: circular firing squad
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sytuacja, w której spory wewnątrz partii politycznej prowadzą do jej rozpadu
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A political party or other group experiencing considerable disarray because the members are engaging in internal disputes and mutual recrimination.


lexentry: eng/circular_segment__Noun__1
written_rep: circular segment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odcinek
sense_list:
(geometry) A region of a circle bounded by an arc and the chord connecting the endpoints of the arc.


lexentry: eng/circulation__Noun__1
written_rep: circulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krążenie
sense_list:
The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings the moving body to the place where its motion began.


lexentry: eng/circulation__Noun__1
written_rep: circulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: ruch
sense_list:
(narrowly) The movement of the blood in the circulatory system, by which it is brought into close relations with the cells and tissues of the body; (loosely) the circulatory system.


lexentry: eng/circulatory_system__Noun__1
written_rep: circulatory system
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: układ krwionośny
sense_list:
(physiology) The parts of an animal body comprising the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood, which circulate the blood around the body. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/circumcise__Verb__1
written_rep: circumcise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: obrzezać | obrzezywać
sense_list:
(military, nautical, slang) To trim off the portion of the barrel liner of a large-caliber naval gun that protrudes from the end of the barrel as a result of the liner slowly stretching from prolonged fire.


lexentry: eng/circumference__Noun__1
written_rep: circumference
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obwód
sense_list:
(geometry) The line that bounds a circle or other two-dimensional figure. | (geometry) The length of such a line.


lexentry: eng/circumfix__Noun__1
written_rep: circumfix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: okołorostek
sense_list:
(grammar) An affix containing both a prefixing and a suffixing element existing as a single morphological unit.


lexentry: eng/circumflex__Noun__1
written_rep: circumflex
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: daszek
sense_list:
A diacritical mark (ˆ) placed over a vowel in the orthography or transliteration of many languages to change its pronunciation; while in some other languages over a consonant.


lexentry: eng/circumpolar__Adjective__1
written_rep: circumpolar
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: okołobiegunowy
sense_list:
Located or found throughout a polar region. | (astronomy) Of a celestial body, continually visible above the horizon during the entire 360 degrees of daily travel.


lexentry: eng/circumscribe__Verb__1
written_rep: circumscribe
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: opisać | opisywać
sense_list:
(geometry) To draw the smallest circle or higher-dimensional sphere that has (a polyhedron, polygon, etc.) in its interior.


lexentry: eng/circumstantial__Adjective__1
written_rep: circumstantial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: indic
sense_list:
(law) Involving evidence that relies on inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact, thus, suggesting guilt but not directly proving it.


lexentry: eng/circus__Noun__1
written_rep: circus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cyrk
sense_list:
A traveling company of performers that may include acrobats, clowns, trained animals, and other novelty acts, that gives shows usually in a circular tent. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/cirl_bunting__Noun__1
written_rep: cirl bunting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cierlik
sense_list:
A small Old World passerine bird, Emberiza cirlus, of the bunting family (Emberizidae), very similar to the yellowhammer.


lexentry: eng/cirque__Noun__1
written_rep: cirque
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: cyrk lodowcowy | kar | kocioł
sense_list:
(geology) A curved depression or natural amphitheatre, especially one in a mountainside at the end of a valley.


lexentry: eng/cirrhosis__Noun__1
written_rep: cirrhosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: marskość wątroby | marskość
sense_list:
(pathology) A chronic disease of the liver caused by damage from toxins (including alcohol), metabolic problems, hepatitis, or nutritional deprivation, characterised by an increase in fibrous tissue and the destruction of liver cells.


lexentry: eng/cirrocumulus__Noun__1
written_rep: cirrocumulus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cirrocumulus | baranek
sense_list:
(physics, meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type appearing as a thin, white patch of cloud without shadows, composed of very small droplets in the form of grains or ripples. The elements may be merged or separate, and more or less regularly arranged; they subtend an angle of less than 1° when observed at an angle of more than 30° above the horizon. Holes or rifts often occur in a sheet of cirrocumulus. Abbreviated Cc.


lexentry: eng/cirrus__Noun__1
written_rep: cirrus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: cirrus | chmura pierzasta
sense_list:
(meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type, typically composed of thin, delicate, white filaments, wisps, or narrow bands.


lexentry: eng/cisgender__Adjective__1
written_rep: cisgender
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cispłciowy | cisseksualny
sense_list:
Having a gender identity which matches the sex one was assigned at birth; or, pertaining to such people.


lexentry: eng/cissoid__Noun__1
written_rep: cissoid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cisoida
sense_list:
(geometry) Any of a family of curves defined as the locus of a point, P, on a line from a given fixed point and intersecting two given curves, C1 and C2, where the distance along the line from C1 to P remains constant and equal to the distance from P to C2.


lexentry: eng/citadel__Noun__1
written_rep: citadel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cytadela
sense_list:
A strong fortress that sits high above a city. | (sometimes, figurative) A stronghold or fortified place.


lexentry: eng/citation__Noun__1
written_rep: citation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: cytat
sense_list:
The act of citing a passage from a text, or from another person, using the exact words of the original text or speech and giving credit to the original by referencing.


lexentry: eng/citation_needed__Phrase__1
written_rep: citation needed
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: potrzebne źródło
sense_list:
(originally, Internet slang, chiefly, humorous) Used to designate an assertion or other statement as false, inaccurate, or requiring verification.


lexentry: eng/citicoline__Noun__1
written_rep: citicoline
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cytykolina
sense_list:
A psychostimulant and nootropic, an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline.


lexentry: eng/citizen__Noun__1
written_rep: citizen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: obywatel | obywatelka
sense_list:
A legally recognized member of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/citizen__Noun__1
written_rep: citizen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: obywatel | mieszkaniec | cywil | mieszkanka
sense_list:
(Christianity) A resident of the heavenly city or (later) of the kingdom of God: a Christian; a good Christian. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/citizen_journalism__Noun__1
written_rep: citizen journalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dziennikarstwo obywatelskie
sense_list:
(media) A form of independent reporting, often carried out by amateurs who are on the scene of an event, and is then disseminated by new media.


lexentry: eng/citizen_of_the_world__Noun__1
written_rep: citizen of the world
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obywatel świata | obywatelka świata
sense_list:
A person regarded as part of the global citizenry; specifically, one who takes the view that they belong to no particular country or state.


lexentry: eng/citric_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: citric acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas cytrynowy
sense_list:
(carboxylic acid) A colourless crystalline compound, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, C6H8O7, found in citrus fruit; it is used as a food additive and in the manufacture of citrates.


lexentry: eng/city__Noun__1
written_rep: city
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: miasto
sense_list:
A large settlement, bigger than a town; sometimes with a specific legal definition, depending on the place. | (UK, historical, _, in, _, Ireland, and) A settlement granted special status by royal charter or letters patent; traditionally, a settlement with a cathedral regardless of size.


lexentry: eng/city_council__Noun__1
written_rep: city council
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rada miejska
sense_list:
A governing body of people elected to oversee management of a city and represent the interests of residents.


lexentry: eng/city_wall__Noun__1
written_rep: city wall
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mur miejski
sense_list:
(usually, in plural) A wall around a city, built to define the city's boundaries, and sometimes to protect it from aggressors.


lexentry: eng/civet__Noun__1
written_rep: civet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cyweta
sense_list:
Any of the small carnivorous catlike mammals encompassing certain species from the families Viverridae, Eupleridae, and Nandiniidae, native to tropical Africa and Asia.


lexentry: eng/civil__Adjective__1
written_rep: civil
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cywilny
sense_list:
(uncomparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion. | (legal) Relating to private relations among citizens, as opposed to criminal matters.


lexentry: eng/civil_code__Noun__1
written_rep: civil code
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kodeks cywilny
sense_list:
(legal) A systematic collection of laws addressing dealings between private parties, such as business contracts and negligence lawsuits.


lexentry: eng/civil_disobedience__Noun__1
written_rep: civil disobedience
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obywatelskie nieposłuszeństwo
sense_list:
A form of social protest, involving the active but non-violent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of an established authority, because they are considered to be morally wrong or detrimental.


lexentry: eng/civil_engineering__Noun__1
written_rep: civil engineering
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: inżynieria lądowa | inżynieria wodno-lądowa
sense_list:
The technical design and construction of public works such as bridges, buildings, harbours, public greens, roads, etc., and/or technically equivalent private (usually corporate) ones.


lexentry: eng/civil_law__Noun__1
written_rep: civil law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prawo cywilne
sense_list:
(law) The body of law dealing with the private relations between members of a community; it contrasts with criminal law, military law and ecclesiastical law.


lexentry: eng/civil_rights__Noun__1
written_rep: civil rights
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: prawa obywatelskie
sense_list:
(US) Those rights which are guaranteed protection by the US Constitution and are considered to be unquestionable, deserved by all people under all circumstances, especially without regard to race, creed, religion, sexual orientation, gender, and disability.


lexentry: eng/civil_society__Noun__1
written_rep: civil society
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: społeczeństwo obywatelskie
sense_list:
All of the institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies that are less than the state but greater than the family. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/civil_union__Noun__1
written_rep: civil union
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rejestrowany związek partnerski
sense_list:
A legal union similar to marriage, established to allow same-sex couples (and, in some jurisdictions, opposite-sex couples) rights similar to those married couples have.


lexentry: eng/civil_war__Noun__1
written_rep: civil war
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wojna domowa
sense_list:
A war fought between factions of the inhabitants of a single country, or a similar political entity.


lexentry: eng/civilian__Noun__1
written_rep: civilian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cywil
sense_list:
A person following the pursuits of civil life, especially one who is not an active member of the armed forces. | (informal) A person who does not belong to a particular group or engage in a particular activity, an outsider.


lexentry: eng/civilization__Noun__1
written_rep: civilization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cywilizacja
sense_list:
An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development.


lexentry: eng/civilization__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: civilization
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cywilizacja
sense_list:
(inherently emic, sometimes, capitalized) Collectively, those people and places of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. (Compare refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World.


lexentry: eng/cladding__Noun__1
written_rep: cladding
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: przebranie
sense_list:
(construction) A weatherproof, insulating or decorative covering fixed to the outside of a building.


lexentry: eng/cladode__Noun__1
written_rep: cladode
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gałęziak
sense_list:
(botany) A flattened organ arising from the stem of a plant, often replacing the leaves in photosynthetic function, as leaves in such plants (such as asparagus or butcher's broom) are typically reduced to scales. [from 1870]


lexentry: eng/clairvoyance__Noun__1
written_rep: clairvoyance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jasnowidzenie | jasnowidztwo
sense_list:
(parapsychology) The power to see or perceive things objects or events beyond the natural range of the senses, such as the past or the future.


lexentry: eng/clairvoyant__Adjective__1
written_rep: clairvoyant
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jasnowidzący
sense_list:
Of, relating to, or having clairvoyance. | Able to see things that cannot be perceived by the normal senses. | Able to foresee the future.


lexentry: eng/clairvoyant__Noun__1
written_rep: clairvoyant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jasnowidz | jasnowidząca | jasnowidzący
sense_list:
A person able to see things that cannot be perceived by the normal senses | A person able to foresee the future


lexentry: eng/clam__Noun__1
written_rep: clam
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: małż
sense_list:
A bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are edible; for example soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria), hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), sea clams or hen clams (Spisula solidissima), and other species, possibly originally applied to clams of species Tridacna gigas, a huge East Indian bivalve. | (US, slang, mostly, in the plural) A dollar.


lexentry: eng/clamor__Noun__1
written_rep: clamor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krzyk
sense_list:
A great outcry or vociferation; loud and continued shouting or exclamation. | A continued public expression, often of dissatisfaction or discontent; a popular outcry.


lexentry: eng/clamp__Noun__1
written_rep: clamp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zacisk | imadło
sense_list:
A brace, band, or clasp for strengthening or holding things together. | A pile of materials to be heated in a controlled way, stacked or heaped together with fuel so that the fire permeates the pile; the material of interest may be bricks to be fired, ore for roasting, coal for coking, or wood to be charcoalized.


lexentry: eng/clan__Noun__1
written_rep: clan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: klan | ród
sense_list:
A traditional social group of families in the Scottish Highlands having a common hereditary chieftain.


lexentry: eng/clapboard__Noun__1
written_rep: clapboard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gont
sense_list:
A narrow board, usually thicker at one edge than the other, used as siding for houses and similar structures of frame construction.


lexentry: eng/clapper__Noun__1
written_rep: clapper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: serce
sense_list:
An object so suspended inside a bell that it may hit the bell and cause it to ring; a clanger or tongue.


lexentry: eng/clapperboard__Noun__1
written_rep: clapperboard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klaps
sense_list:
(film) A device used in film production, having hinged boards that are brought together with a clap, used at the start of each take of a motion picture or other video production to be able to synchronize picture and sound during editing.


lexentry: eng/clarification__Noun__1
written_rep: clarification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klaryfikacja
sense_list:
The act of clarifying; the act or process of making clear or transparent by freeing visible impurities; particularly, the clearing or fining of liquid substances from impurities via the separation of the insoluble particles which prevent the liquid from being transparent.


lexentry: eng/clarify__Verb__1
written_rep: clarify
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oczyszczać | oczyścić | wyjaśniać | wyjaśnić
sense_list:
(ergative, of liquids, such as wine or syrup) To make or become clear or bright by freeing from impurities or turbidity.


lexentry: eng/clarinet__Noun__1
written_rep: clarinet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klarnet
sense_list:
(woodwind instrument) A woodwind musical instrument that has a distinctive liquid tone whose characteristics vary among its three registers: chalumeau (low), clarion (medium), and altissimo (high).


lexentry: eng/clarion__Noun__1
written_rep: clarion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sygnałówka | trąbka sygnałowa
sense_list:
(brass instrument, historical, or, poetic) A medieval brass instrument chiefly used as a battle signal; related to the trumpet, it had a narrow, straight pipe and a high-pitched, piercing sound.


lexentry: eng/clasp__Noun__1
written_rep: clasp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klamra
sense_list:
(countable) A device with interlocking parts used for fastening things together, such as a fastener or a holder.


lexentry: eng/class__Noun__1
written_rep: class
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klasa
sense_list:
(countable) A group, collection, category or set sharing characteristics or attributes. | (sociology, countable) A social grouping, based on job, wealth, etc. In Britain, society is commonly split into three main classes: upper class, middle class and working class. | (uncountable) The division of society into classes. | (uncountable) Admirable behavior; elegance. | (education, countable, and, uncountable) A group of students in a regularly scheduled meeting with a teacher. | (countable) A group of students who commenced or completed their education during a particular year. A school class. | (countable) A category of seats in an airplane, train or other means of mass transportation. | (taxonomy, countable) A rank in the classification of organisms, below phylum and above order; a taxon of that rank. | (set theory) A collection of sets definable by a shared property, especially one which is not itself a set (in which case the class is called proper). | (object-oriented, countable) A set of objects having the same behavior (but typically differing in state), or a template defining such a set in terms of its common properties, functions, etc.


lexentry: eng/class_consciousness__Noun__1
written_rep: class consciousness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: świadomość klasowa
sense_list:
(Marxism, social sciences) An individual's awareness of their relative place within the class system of society.


lexentry: eng/class_struggle__Noun__1
written_rep: class struggle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: walka klas
sense_list:
Conflict between social or economic classes (especially between the capitalist and proletariat classes); the active expression of a theoretical class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective.


lexentry: eng/classic__Adjective__1
written_rep: classic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: klasyczny
sense_list:
Exemplary of a particular style; defining a class/category; typical. | Exhibiting timeless quality and excellence.


lexentry: eng/classical_antiquity__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: classical antiquity
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyk
sense_list:
(history) The era of the height of Greco-Roman civilization in southern Europe, roughly comprising the 6th century BC to the 5th century (AD), although sometimes distinguished from Late Antiquity


lexentry: eng/classical_guitar__Noun__1
written_rep: classical guitar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gitara klasyczna | klasyk
sense_list:
A type of flat-tabled guitar of Spanish origin used primarily for Western classical music, flamenco, and Latin American music, with six nylon (formerly gut) strings, usually played with the fingers rather than with a plectrum.


lexentry: eng/classical_language__Noun__1
written_rep: classical language
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: język klasyczny
sense_list:
(literature, linguistics) An ancient language that has an independent tradition that arose mostly on its own, and has a large and rich body of ancient literature.


lexentry: eng/classical_music__Noun__1
written_rep: classical music
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: muzyka poważna
sense_list:
(music genre) Music of the classical period; the music of Mozart, Haydn, etc; the musical period before the romantic.


lexentry: eng/classicism__Noun__1
written_rep: classicism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klasycyzm
sense_list:
(uncountable) All the classical traditions of the art and architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, especially the aspects of simplicity, elegance and proportion.


lexentry: eng/classification__Noun__1
written_rep: classification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klasyfikacja
sense_list:
The act of forming into a class or classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or attributes.


lexentry: eng/classified__Adjective__1
written_rep: classified
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: niejawny | zastrzeżony
sense_list:
Formally assigned by a government to one of several levels of sensitivity, usually (in English) top secret, secret, confidential, and, in some countries, restricted; thereby making disclosure to unauthorized persons illegal.


lexentry: eng/classified_advertisement__Noun__1
written_rep: classified advertisement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anons
sense_list:
Any of a list of newspaper or website advertisements included with others under a heading describing the category of product or service offered or sought.


lexentry: eng/classism__Noun__1
written_rep: classism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klasizm
sense_list:
Discrimination or prejudice that is based on social class, especially against those of lower social class.


lexentry: eng/clastic__Adjective__1
written_rep: clastic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: okruchowe
sense_list:
Made up of parts that are easily removable. | (geology, of rock) Made from fragments of pre-existing rocks.


lexentry: eng/clathrate_compound__Noun__1
written_rep: clathrate compound
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klatrat
sense_list:
(chemistry) a substance consisting of molecules of one element or compound contained within the cage-like structure of another


lexentry: eng/clause__Noun__1
written_rep: clause
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zdanie składowe
sense_list:
(grammar) A group of words that contains a subject and a verb; it may be part of a sentence or may constitute the whole sentence, depending on the syntax in each instance.


lexentry: eng/claustrum__Noun__1
written_rep: claustrum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przedmurze
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) A thin, irregular sheet of grey matter underneath the inner part of the neocortex on both sides of the brains of mammals; its exact function is not understood, but it is believed to facilitate coordination between senses


lexentry: eng/clavichord__Noun__1
written_rep: clavichord
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klawikord
sense_list:
(musical instruments) An early keyboard instrument producing a soft sound by means of metal blades (called tangents) attached to the inner ends of the keys gently striking the strings.


lexentry: eng/clavicle__Noun__1
written_rep: clavicle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obojczyk
sense_list:
(skeleton) The collarbone; the prominent bone at the top of the chest between the shoulder and the neck connecting the shoulder and the breastbone.


lexentry: eng/clavicytherium__Noun__1
written_rep: clavicytherium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: claviciterium | klawicyterium
sense_list:
(musical instruments) A harpsichord in which the soundboard and strings are mounted vertically facing the player. [early 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/claw__Noun__1
written_rep: claw
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: szczypce | kleszcze
sense_list:
The pincer (chela) of a crustacean or other arthropod. | (botany) A slender appendage or process, formed like a claw, such as the base of petals of the pink.


lexentry: eng/clawed_frog__Noun__1
written_rep: clawed frog
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: żaba szponiasta
sense_list:
Any of a group of aquatic carnivorous frogs in the genus Xenopus, which are very small and have small claws.


lexentry: eng/clay__Noun__1
written_rep: clay
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: glina | ił
sense_list:
A mineral substance made up of small crystals of silica and alumina, that is ductile when moist; the material of pre-fired ceramics.


lexentry: eng/clay__Noun__1
written_rep: clay
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: glina
sense_list:
(tennis) A tennis court surface made of crushed stone, brick, shale, or other unbound mineral aggregate.


lexentry: eng/clean__Adjective__1
written_rep: clean
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czysty
sense_list:
Free of dirt, filth, or impurities (extraneous matter); not dirty, filthy, or soiled. | (informal) Cool or neat.


lexentry: eng/clean_and_jerk__Noun__1
written_rep: clean and jerk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: podrzut
sense_list:
(weightlifting) The act of lifting the barbell from the floor to a resting position across the front of the shoulders (the clean phase), pausing, and thrusting the barbell over the head to a stationary position in one movement (the jerk phase). The normal technique for both parts of this act involves propelling the barbell upwards, quickly lowering the torso, and then straightening the legs.


lexentry: eng/clean_sweep__Noun__1
written_rep: clean sweep
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: zmiana totalna
sense_list:
(figuratively) A thorough change of policies, personnel or objects, removing or replacing all or almost all of that which existed previously.


lexentry: eng/cleaner__Noun__1
written_rep: cleaner
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: detergent | środek czyszczący
sense_list:
A substance used for cleaning; especially, one retailed for that purpose and meant for use on things other than one's own body.


lexentry: eng/cleanroom__Noun__1
written_rep: cleanroom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pomieszczenie czyste
sense_list:
A room or environment that is controlled in such a way as to minimize airborne particulate matter, typically for the purpose of fabricating sensitive electronic or other devices.


lexentry: eng/cleanse__Verb__1
written_rep: cleanse
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oczyścić
sense_list:
(transitive) To free from dirt; to clean, to purify. | (transitive) To spiritually purify; to free from guilt or sin; to purge.


lexentry: eng/clear_and_convincing_evidence__Noun__1
written_rep: clear and convincing evidence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jasne i przekonujące dowody
sense_list:
(legal) A legal standard for deciding the outcome of a dispute: evidence that clearly indicates that a claim is more likely to be true than not, without needing to eliminate all doubt.


lexentry: eng/clear_one's_throat__Verb__1
written_rep: clear one's throat
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odchrząknąć | odchrząkiwać
sense_list:
Forcibly, sometimes mutedly, expelling air from one's lungs, sometimes to clear mucus, sometimes to attract attention to something; less vigorous than coughing.


lexentry: eng/clearance__Noun__1
written_rep: clearance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: likwidacja | wyprzedaż
sense_list:
(retail) A sale of merchandise, especially at significantly reduced prices, usually in order to make room for new merchandise or updated versions of the same merchandise; sometimes as a closeout.


lexentry: eng/clearance__Noun__1
written_rep: clearance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: clearing | kliring
sense_list:
(banking, finance) The settlement of transactions involving securities or means of payment such as checks by means of a clearing house.


lexentry: eng/clearing__Noun__1
written_rep: clearing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: clearing | kliring
sense_list:
(banking, finance) A process of exchanging transaction information and authorisation through a central institution or system to complete and settle those transactions.


lexentry: eng/clearing_house__Noun__1
written_rep: clearing house
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: izba rozrachunkowa
sense_list:
A central point where clearing banks and other financial firms exchange checks, settle accounts, etc.


lexentry: eng/clearness__Noun__1
written_rep: clearness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: jasność
sense_list:
The state of being free from obscurities or opacity; distinctness of light, colour etc. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/cleat__Noun__1
written_rep: cleat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: korek
sense_list:
A protrusion on the bottom of a shoe or wheel meant for better traction. | An athletic shoe equipped with cleats.


lexentry: eng/cleavage__Noun__1
written_rep: cleavage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: dekolt
sense_list:
The hollow or separation between a woman's breasts, especially as revealed by a low neckline. [from 20th c.] | (by extension) Any similar separation between two body parts, such as the buttocks or toes.


lexentry: eng/clef__Noun__1
written_rep: clef
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klucz
sense_list:
(music) A symbol found on a musical staff that indicates the pitches represented by the lines and the spaces on the staff [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/clematis__Noun__1
written_rep: clematis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: powojnik
sense_list:
(botany) Any plant of the genus Clematis, vigorous climbing lianas found throughout the temperate zones.


lexentry: eng/clemency__Noun__1
written_rep: clemency
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ułaskawienie
sense_list:
(legal) A pardon, commutation, or similar reduction, removal, or postponement of legal penalties by an executive officer of a state.


lexentry: eng/clementine__Noun__1
written_rep: clementine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klementynka
sense_list:
A type of small, sweet-tasting orange, the result of a hybrid cross between the willowleaf variety of mandarin orange (Citrus × aurantium f. deliciosa) and a sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Scientific name: Citrus × clementina.


lexentry: eng/clerestory__Noun__1
written_rep: clerestory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: clerestorium
sense_list:
(architecture) The upper part of a wall containing windows to let in natural light to a building, especially in the nave, transept and choir of a church or cathedral.


lexentry: eng/clerical_collar__Noun__1
written_rep: clerical collar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koloratka
sense_list:
A stiff white collar, having no opening at the front, fastened at the back, worn by members of the Christian clergy.


lexentry: eng/clerihew__Noun__1
written_rep: clerihew
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: clerihew
sense_list:
A humorous rhyme of four lines with the rhyming scheme AABB, usually regarding a person mentioned in the first line. [from 1920s]


lexentry: eng/clerk__Noun__1
written_rep: clerk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: urzędnik | urzędniczka
sense_list:
One who occupationally provides assistance by working with records, accounts, letters, etc.; an office worker.


lexentry: eng/clever_clogs__Noun__1
written_rep: clever clogs
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chytra sztuka
sense_list:
(slang, UK, and, Ireland) Somebody who is rather too clever; a smart aleck; sometimes used as an epithet.


lexentry: eng/clever_dick__Noun__1
written_rep: clever dick
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chytra sztuka
sense_list:
(informal, chiefly, British) A person who annoyingly tries too hard to impress with their cleverness.


lexentry: eng/clevis__Noun__1
written_rep: clevis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kapa
sense_list:
A U-shaped coupling having holes at each end, through which a bolt is run; used especially to fit attachments to a tractor or other vehicle as it allows a degree of rotation about the bolt.


lexentry: eng/cliché__Noun__1
written_rep: cliché
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komunał | banał | frazes | sztampa
sense_list:
Something, most often a phrase or expression, that is overused or used outside its original context, so that its original impact and meaning are lost. A trite saying; a platitude. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/click__Noun__1
written_rep: click
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pstryk | trzask
sense_list:
A brief, sharp, not particularly loud, relatively high-pitched sound produced by the impact of something small and hard against something hard, such as by the operation of a switch, a lock, or a latch.


lexentry: eng/click__Noun__1
written_rep: click
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: mlask
sense_list:
(phonetics) An ingressive sound made by coarticulating a velar or uvular closure with another closure.


lexentry: eng/click__Noun__1
written_rep: click
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: klik | kliknięcie
sense_list:
The act of operating a switch, etc., so that it clicks. | (GUI) The act of pressing a button on a computer mouse or similar input device, both as a physical act and a reaction in the software.


lexentry: eng/click__Verb__1
written_rep: click
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klikać | kliknąć
sense_list:
(transitive) To cause to make a click; to operate (a switch, etc) so that it makes a click. | (computing) To press and release (a button on a computer mouse).


lexentry: eng/click__Verb__1
written_rep: click
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: klikać
sense_list:
(transitive, GUI) To select a software item using, usually, but not always, the pressing of a mouse button.


lexentry: eng/click_beetle__Noun__1
written_rep: click beetle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kowal
sense_list:
Any of various beetles of the family Elateridae, generally less than 20 mm long, which, if turned upside down, flip themselves into the air with a clicking sound.


lexentry: eng/clickbait__Noun__1
written_rep: clickbait
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: clickbait
sense_list:
(Internet, _, marketing, pejorative) Website content that is aimed at generating advertising revenue, especially at the expense of quality or accuracy, relying on sensationalist headlines to attract click-throughs; such headlines.


lexentry: eng/client__Noun__1
written_rep: client
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: klient
sense_list:
(computing) The role of a computer application or system that requests and/or consumes the services provided by another having the role of server.


lexentry: eng/clientele__Noun__1
written_rep: clientele
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klientela
sense_list:
The body or class of people who frequent an establishment or purchase a service, especially when considered as forming a more-or-less homogeneous group of clients in terms of values or habits.


lexentry: eng/cliff_face__Noun__1
written_rep: cliff face
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ściana skalna
sense_list:
The very steep, vertical, or overhanging section of rock, earth, or ice slope usually free of any vegetation or loose material.


lexentry: eng/cliffhanger__Noun__1
written_rep: cliffhanger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cliffhanger | zawieszenie akcji
sense_list:
(narratology) An ending or stopping point calculated to leave a story unresolved, in order to create suspense.


lexentry: eng/climacterium__Noun__1
written_rep: climacterium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klimakterium | klimaks
sense_list:
(medical) The bodily and mental changes linked to the reproductive and endocrine function in men and women occurring during the latter part of middle age.


lexentry: eng/climate__Noun__1
written_rep: climate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klimat
sense_list:
The long-term manifestations of weather and other atmospheric conditions in a given area or country, now usually represented by the statistical summary of its weather conditions during a period long enough to ensure that representative values are obtained (generally 30 years). | (figuratively) The context in general of a particular political, moral, etc., situation.


lexentry: eng/climate_change__Noun__1
written_rep: climate change
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zmiany klimatu
sense_list:
Rapid, large-scale, and long-term change in the Earth's climatic system produced by global warming; anthropogenic climate change.


lexentry: eng/climate_refugee__Noun__1
written_rep: climate refugee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: uchodźca klimatyczny
sense_list:
A person who is forced to flee their home due to anthropogenic climate change that made their region unliveable. [from 1980s]


lexentry: eng/climate_strike__Noun__1
written_rep: climate strike
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: strajk klimatyczny
sense_list:
A protest in which people absent themselves from professional or educational activities in order to join demonstrations calling for action to counter climate change.


lexentry: eng/climax__Noun__1
written_rep: climax
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: klimaks
sense_list:
(narratology) The culmination of a narrative's rising action, the turning point. | (euphemistic) The culmination of sexual pleasure, an orgasm. | (ecology) The culmination of ecological development, whereby species are in equilibrium with their environment.


lexentry: eng/climb__Verb__1
written_rep: climb
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: wspinać | wspiąć
sense_list:
(transitive) To scale; to get to the top of something. | (intransitive) To practise the sport of climbing.


lexentry: eng/climb__Verb__1
written_rep: climb
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: wdrapać | wdrapywać
sense_list:
(transitive) To move (especially up and down something) by gripping with the hands and using the feet.


lexentry: eng/climber__Noun__1
written_rep: climber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: roślina pnąca
sense_list:
(botany) A plant such as a vine that climbs upwards as it grows by attaching itself to some support.


lexentry: eng/climbing__Noun__1
written_rep: climbing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wspinaczka
sense_list:
(uncountable) The sport of climbing, ascending a wall or a rock or another object using available holds, generally with the safety of a rope and belayer.


lexentry: eng/clinch__Noun__1
written_rep: clinch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: klamra
sense_list:
(wrestling, combat sports) The act of one or both fighters holding onto the other to prevent being hit or engage in standup grappling.


lexentry: eng/clinic__Noun__1
written_rep: clinic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klinika | przychodnia
sense_list:
A medical facility, such as a hospital, especially one for the treatment and diagnosis of outpatients.


lexentry: eng/clinical__Adjective__1
written_rep: clinical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kliniczny
sense_list:
(medicine) Dealing with the practical management of patients, in practice#Noun at the point of care; as contrasted with other health care venues (see clinical medicine#Noun for more explanation). | Of or pertaining to a clinic, such as a medical clinic or law clinic.


lexentry: eng/clinical__Adjective__1
written_rep: clinical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: bezduszny | beznamiętny
sense_list:
Cool and emotionless, in a professional way, as contrasted with an impetuous#Adjective or unprofessional#Adjective way.


lexentry: eng/clinical_death__Noun__1
written_rep: clinical death
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: śmierć kliniczna
sense_list:
(medicine, legal) A state in which usual medically observable vital signs—such as respiration, heartbeat, and corneal reflex—are not present, but from which patients are sometimes revived.


lexentry: eng/clinical_psychology__Noun__1
written_rep: clinical psychology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: psychologia kliniczna
sense_list:
(psychology) A branch of psychology with the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development.


lexentry: eng/clinical_trial__Noun__1
written_rep: clinical trial
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: eksperyment kliniczny
sense_list:
(medicine) A test of a medication or other medical treatment (such as a medical device), usually a comparison against a placebo, other medications or devices, or the standard medical treatment for a patient's condition.


lexentry: eng/clinician__Noun__1
written_rep: clinician
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: klinicysta | klinicystka
sense_list:
(chiefly, US) Someone who conducts a clinic; an expert or skilled practitioner in a particular field, such as business or education. In this sense, a clinician is someone who provides practical advice or hands-on assistance to others in a specific area of expertise. For example, a business clinician might be an experienced consultant who helps companies improve their operations, while an education clinician might be a skilled teacher who provides professional development and support to other educators.


lexentry: eng/clink__Verb__1
written_rep: clink
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dzwonić
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To make a clinking sound; to make a sound of metal on metal or glass on glass; to strike materials such as metal or glass against one another.


lexentry: eng/clinker__Noun__1
written_rep: clinker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: samogłoska
sense_list:
A very hard brick used for paving customarily made in the Netherlands. [from 17th c.] | Slag or ash produced by intense heat in a furnace, kiln or boiler that forms a hard residue upon cooling. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/clip__Noun__1
written_rep: clip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: grzebień
sense_list:
(military) A frame containing a number of rounds of ammunition which is intended to be inserted into an internal magazine of a firearm to allow for rapid reloading.


lexentry: eng/clip_art__Noun__1
written_rep: clip art
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: clipart | klipart
sense_list:
(computing) A set of images, distributed as files with other software, that may be copied and pasted into documents or other files.


lexentry: eng/clipboard__Noun__1
written_rep: clipboard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: schowek
sense_list:
(computing) A buffer in memory where the user can store data temporarily while transferring it from one place within an application to another or between applications.


lexentry: eng/clipper__Noun__1
written_rep: clipper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: kliper
sense_list:
(nautical) Any of several forms of very fast sailing ships having a long, low hull and a sharply raked stem.


lexentry: eng/clipping__Noun__1
written_rep: clipping
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: apokopa
sense_list:
(countable, linguistics) A short form (of a longer word) created by removing syllables, often terminal ones.


lexentry: eng/clitellum__Noun__1
written_rep: clitellum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klitellum
sense_list:
(biology) A glandular swelling in the epidermis of some annelid worms; it secretes a viscous fluid in which the eggs are deposited.


lexentry: eng/clitic__Noun__1
written_rep: clitic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klityka
sense_list:
(linguistics) A morpheme that functions like a word, but never appears as an independent word, instead being always attached to a following or preceding word (or, in some cases, within a surrounding word).


lexentry: eng/clitoral_hood__Noun__1
written_rep: clitoral hood
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: napletek łechtaczki
sense_list:
A fold of skin that surrounds and protects the clitoris, homologous with the male foreskin; the female prepuce.


lexentry: eng/clitoris__Noun__1
written_rep: clitoris
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: łechtaczka
sense_list:
(anatomy) A sensitive elongated erectile sex organ at the anterior part of the vulva in female humans and other mammals. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/cloaca__Noun__1
written_rep: cloaca
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kloaka
sense_list:
(anatomy, zoology) The opening in reptiles, amphibians and birds, as well as elasmobranchians, lobe-finned fishes, marsupials and monotreme mammals, which serves as the common outlet for the urogenital ducts and rectum.


lexentry: eng/cloche__Noun__1
written_rep: cloche
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klosz
sense_list:
A glass covering, originally bell-shaped, for garden plants to prevent frost damage and promote early growth.


lexentry: eng/clock__Noun__1
written_rep: clock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zegar
sense_list:
(attributive) A common noun relating to an instrument that measures or keeps track of time. | (electronics) An electrical signal that synchronizes timing among digital circuits of semiconductor chips or modules.


lexentry: eng/clock_is_ticking__Phrase__1
written_rep: clock is ticking
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zegar tyka
sense_list:
(idiomatic, almost always preceded by the and often followed by for) Time is running out; a deadline is approaching.


lexentry: eng/clock_tower__Noun__1
written_rep: clock tower
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wieża zegarowa
sense_list:
(architecture) A tower, usually in a prominent position, having a large clock in a high position, often with several faces.


lexentry: eng/clockwork__Noun__1
written_rep: clockwork
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zegarowy mechanizm sprężynowy
sense_list:
A mechanism powered by a coiled spring and regulated by some form of escapement; the power is transmitted through toothed gearwheels and used to drive a mechanical clock, toy, or other device.


lexentry: eng/clod__Noun__1
written_rep: clod
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: grudka
sense_list:
A lump of something, especially earth or clay. | Part of a shoulder of beef, or of the neck piece near the shoulder.


lexentry: eng/cloister__Noun__1
written_rep: cloister
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krużganek
sense_list:
A covered walk with an open colonnade on one side, running along the walls of buildings that surround a quadrangle; especially:


lexentry: eng/clone__Noun__1
written_rep: clone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klon
sense_list:
A living organism (originally a plant) produced asexually from a single ancestor, to which it is genetically identical. | A copy or imitation of something already existing, especially when designed to simulate it.


lexentry: eng/close,_but_no_cigar__Phrase__1
written_rep: close, but no cigar
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prawie robi wielką różnicę
sense_list:
(idiomatic, originally, US, colloquial) Used to indicate that one is almost correct or has almost succeeded, but not quite. [from early 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/close__Verb__1
written_rep: close
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zamykać | zamknąć
sense_list:
(physical) To remove or block an opening, gap or passage through. | (ambitransitive) To move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed. | (intransitive) To finish; to come to an end.


lexentry: eng/close_one's_eyes__Verb__1
written_rep: close one's eyes
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zamykać oczy
sense_list:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see close,‎ one's,‎ eyes. | (idiomatic) To ignore something. | (idiomatic) To sleep.


lexentry: eng/close_ranks__Verb__1
written_rep: close ranks
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zewrzeć szeregi | zwierać szeregi
sense_list:
(figuratively) To regroup forces, especially when this involves overlooking differences in order to face a challenge or adverse situation. Often implies making a show of unity, especially to the public.


lexentry: eng/close_the_stable_door_after_the_horse_has_bolted__Verb__1
written_rep: close the stable door after the horse has bolted
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mądry Polak po szkodzie
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To attempt to prevent a problem that has already occurred; to design and implement a preventive mechanism that is too late (after the first failure instead of before).


lexentry: eng/closed__Adjective__1
written_rep: closed
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zamknięty
sense_list:
(computing, of a file, document, etc.) Not in current use; not connected to as a resource. | Not available for operation, participation, interaction, etc. | Not available for use or operation. | (of a store or business) Not operating or conducting trade. | (mathematics, of a set) Such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it.


lexentry: eng/closed_form__Noun__1
written_rep: closed form
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wzór jawny
sense_list:
(mathematics) A form (expression) that does not use limits, implicitly or explicitly. | (mathematics) A differential form whose exterior derivative is zero.


lexentry: eng/closet__Noun__1
written_rep: closet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szafa
sense_list:
A small room within a house used to store clothing, food, or other household supplies. | (obsolete) Any private space, (particularly) bowers in the open air. | (archaic) A private room used for prayer or other devotions. | (figuratively, archaic) A place of (usually, fanciful) contemplation and theorizing. | (now, rare) Any private or inner room, (particularly): | (obsolete) A private room used by women to groom and dress themselves. | (obsolete) A pew or side-chapel reserved for a monarch or other feudal lord. | (archaic) One used to store curiosities. | (figuratively) A secret or hiding place, (particularly) the hiding place in English idioms such as in the closet and skeleton in the closet. | (obsolete) One used to store valuables. | (slang, uncommon) Clipping of closet case. | A private cabinet, (particularly): | (US, Philippines) One intended for storing clothes or bedclothes. | (now, chiefly, Scotland, Ireland) Any small room or side room. | (obsolete) Clipping of closet of ease, (later, UK) clipping of water closet: a room containing a toilet. | (heraldiccharge) An ordinary similar to a bar but half as broad. | (Scotland, obsolete) A sewer. | A state or condition of secrecy, privacy, or obscurity. | The state of having one's sexual orientation a secret. | (archaic) A compendium of knowledge, possibly from closet as a room?


lexentry: eng/cloth__Noun__1
written_rep: cloth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: materiał | tkanina | sukno | płótno
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) A fabric, usually made of woven, knitted, or felted fibres or filaments, such as used in dressing, decorating, cleaning or other practical use. | (metaphoric) Appearance; seeming.


lexentry: eng/clothes_dryer__Noun__1
written_rep: clothes dryer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: suszarka do ubrań
sense_list:
An electrical appliance used for drying clothes, usually by tumbling them in a heated rotating drum.


lexentry: eng/clothes_moth__Noun__1
written_rep: clothes moth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mól
sense_list:
Any of several small, yellowish or buff-colored moths of the family Tineidae, feeding on textiles (wool, fur, feathers).


lexentry: eng/clothes_peg__Noun__1
written_rep: clothes peg
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klamerka | spinacz | żabka
sense_list:
(British, Australia, NZ, Canada) An object (usually made of wood or plastic) used to attach wet laundry to a clothesline so that it (the laundry) can dry.


lexentry: eng/clotted_cream__Noun__1
written_rep: clotted cream
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: clotted cream
sense_list:
A thick, sweet dairy product, made by skimming the thickened layer off the top of unhomogenized cream that has been heated and allowed to stand. Fat content is at least 55%.


lexentry: eng/cloud__Noun__1
written_rep: cloud
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: chmura | obłok
sense_list:
A visible mass of water droplets suspended in the air. | Any mass of dust, steam or smoke resembling such a mass.


lexentry: eng/cloud__Noun__1
written_rep: cloud
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: chmura
sense_list:
Anything which makes things foggy or gloomy. | A group or swarm, especially suspended above the ground or flying. | (cloud computing, with "the") The Internet, regarded as an abstract amorphous omnipresent space for processing and storage, the focus of cloud computing.


lexentry: eng/clouded_leopard__Noun__1
written_rep: clouded leopard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pantera mglista
sense_list:
(especially) A mainland clouded leopard, a medium-sized, arboreal cat of species Neofelis nebulosa, found in Southeast Asia.


lexentry: eng/clove__Noun__1
written_rep: clove
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: goździk
sense_list:
(uncountable, or, countable) A very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove tree.


lexentry: eng/clove__Noun__1
written_rep: clove
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: drzewo goździkowe | goździkowiec korzenny
sense_list:
(countable) A clove tree, of the species Syzygium aromaticum (syn. Caryophyllus aromaticus), native to the Moluccas (Indonesian islands), which produces the spice.


lexentry: eng/clove_hitch__Noun__1
written_rep: clove hitch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wyblinka
sense_list:
(nautical) a bend formed by two half hitches in the same direction, used to make a line fast to a spar or to a larger rope; it will not slip


lexentry: eng/clover__Noun__1
written_rep: clover
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koniczyna | dzięcielina
sense_list:
A plant of the genus Trifolium with leaves usually divided into three (rarely four) leaflets and with white or red flowers.


lexentry: eng/cloverleaf_interchange__Noun__1
written_rep: cloverleaf interchange
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koniczynka
sense_list:
(US, Canada) A junction of two highways, one crossing over the other, having a series of exit and entrance ramps, arranged in the form of a four-leaf clover, such that traffic may proceed from either highway in all directions.


lexentry: eng/clown__Noun__1
written_rep: clown
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klaun | błazen
sense_list:
A slapstick performance artist often associated with a circus and usually characterized by bright, oversized clothing, a red nose, face paint, and a brightly colored wig.


lexentry: eng/clown_nose__Noun__1
written_rep: clown nose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nos klauna
sense_list:
A fake nose, typically near spherical, bright red in color and sometimes capable of producing a honking sound when squeezed, commonly used by clowns and occasionally as a prop by people during parties.


lexentry: eng/clownfish__Noun__1
written_rep: clownfish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: błazenek
sense_list:
Any of the colorful fish of genera Amphiprion and Premnas in subfamily Amphiprioninae of family Pomacentridae, native to the Pacific and Indian Oceans, notable for their mutual relationship with sea anemones.


lexentry: eng/club__Noun__1
written_rep: club
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klub | stowarzyszenie
sense_list:
(countable) An association of members joining together for some common purpose, especially sports or recreation.


lexentry: eng/club__Noun__1
written_rep: club
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: maczuga
sense_list:
(countable) A heavy object, often a kind of stick, intended for use as a bludgeoning weapon or a plaything.


lexentry: eng/club__Noun__1
written_rep: club
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: trefl | dzwonka | żołądź
sense_list:
(card games) A black clover shape (♣), one of the four symbols used to mark the suits of playing cards.


lexentry: eng/club_moss__Noun__1
written_rep: club moss
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: widłak
sense_list:
Any of various simple microphyllous vascular plants, of the family Lycopodiaceae, that resemble mosses and produce spores.


lexentry: eng/club_soda__Noun__1
written_rep: club soda
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sodówka | woda gazowana | woda sodowa
sense_list:
(North America) A carbonated beverage consisting mainly of carbonated water, with or without a few other minor ingredients such as potassium citrate.


lexentry: eng/cluck__Verb__1
written_rep: cluck
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gdakać
sense_list:
(intransitive) To make low clicking sounds (refers to hens). | (transitive) To cause (the tongue) to make a clicking sound.


lexentry: eng/clumsy__Adjective__1
written_rep: clumsy
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: niezgrabny
sense_list:
Awkward or inefficient in use or construction, difficult to handle or manage especially because of shape.


lexentry: eng/cluster__Noun__1
written_rep: cluster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gromada
sense_list:
(astronomy) A group of galaxies, nebulae, or stars that appear to the naked eye to be near each other.


lexentry: eng/cluster__Noun__1
written_rep: cluster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: grono
sense_list:
(epidemiology) A group of cases of the same disease occurring around the same place or time. | (linguistics) Synonym of lexical bundle (“a sequence of two or more words that occur in a language with high frequency but are not idiomatic”).


lexentry: eng/cluster__Noun__1
written_rep: cluster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klaster
sense_list:
(music) A secundal chord of three or more notes. | (physical chemistry) An ensemble of bound atoms (especially of a metal) or molecules, intermediate in size between a molecule and a bulk solid. | A group of computers that work together. | A logical data storage unit containing one or more physical sectors (see block).


lexentry: eng/cluster_bomb__Noun__1
written_rep: cluster bomb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bomba kasetowa
sense_list:
An explosive munition designed to explode in the air and release a cluster of smaller explosives, thus spreading the blast over a larger area.


lexentry: eng/clusterfuck__Noun__1
written_rep: clusterfuck
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: burdel | chujnia | jebutnia | pierdolnik | przypał | rozpierducha
sense_list:
(slang, vulgar) A chaotic situation where everything seems to go wrong, often caused by communication failure, a complex environment, or incompetence.


lexentry: eng/clutch__Noun__1
written_rep: clutch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: sprzęgło
sense_list:
A device to interrupt power transmission, commonly used to separate the engine and gearbox in a car. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/clutch__Noun__1
written_rep: clutch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: sprzęgło | pedał sprzęgła
sense_list:
The pedal in a car that disengages power and torque transmission from the engine (through the drivetrain) to the drive wheels.


lexentry: eng/cnidarian__Noun__1
written_rep: cnidarian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: parzydełkowiec
sense_list:
(zoology) Any of various invertebrate animals, such as jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones, corals and formerly sponges and ctenophores that belong to the phylum Cnidaria. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/cnidocyte__Noun__1
written_rep: cnidocyte
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: parzydełko
sense_list:
(biology) A capsule, in certain cnidarians, containing a barbed, string-like tube that transfers a paralyzing sting.


lexentry: eng/co-brother-in-law__Noun__1
written_rep: co-brother-in-law
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szwagier
sense_list:
(uncommon) One's spouse's brother-in-law (one's spouse's sibling's husband), especially one's wife's sister's husband; either of two (or more) men who marry sisters, in relation to the other; the brother of one spouse in relation to the siblings of the other spouse.


lexentry: eng/co-cathedral__Noun__1
written_rep: co-cathedral
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konkatedra
sense_list:
(Christianity) One of a group of churches (usually a pair) which share the function of being the seat of a bishop.


lexentry: eng/co-ed__Adjective__1
written_rep: co-ed
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koedukacyjny
sense_list:
Of an educational institution, teaching both males and females. | Mixing males and females; unisex; mixed-gender.


lexentry: eng/coagulation__Noun__1
written_rep: coagulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koagulacja
sense_list:
The precipitation of suspended particles as they increase in size by any of several physical or chemical processes. (e.g. coagulation of proteins) | The process by which blood forms solid clots.


lexentry: eng/coal__Noun__1
written_rep: coal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: węgiel
sense_list:
(uncountable) A black or brownish black rock formed from prehistoric plant remains, composed largely of carbon and burned as a fuel. | (countable) A piece of coal used for burning (this use is less common in American English) | (military slang, WWI, _, –, _, WWII) Bombs emitting black smoke on impact.


lexentry: eng/coal_gas__Noun__1
written_rep: coal gas
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gaz koksowniczy | gaz węglowy
sense_list:
(petrochemistry) The poisonous gas, used domestically for cooking etc and formerly for lighting, prepared by heating coal with steam (gasification); it is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide; sometimes synonymous with synthesis gas or town gas.


lexentry: eng/coalface__Noun__1
written_rep: coalface
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: kuźnia
sense_list:
(figurative, UK) A place where more tangible, practical, or direct work of an activity is done, as opposed to theoretical or managerial work.


lexentry: eng/coalfish__Noun__1
written_rep: coalfish
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czarniak
sense_list:
Any of several blackish fish, especially Pollachius virens, a pollack, and Anoplopoma fimbria, sablefish.


lexentry: eng/coaming__Noun__1
written_rep: coaming
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zrębnica
sense_list:
(nautical) On a boat, the vertical side of above-deck structures, such as the coach roof, hatch, and cockpit.


lexentry: eng/coast__Verb__1
written_rep: coast
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: bezideowiec
sense_list:
(intransitive, figurative) To make a minimal effort; to continue to do something in a routine way, without initiative or effort.


lexentry: eng/coaster__Noun__1
written_rep: coaster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kabotażowiec
sense_list:
A merchant vessel that stays in coastal waters, especially one that travels between ports of the same country.


lexentry: eng/coaster__Noun__2
written_rep: coaster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: podstawka | podkładka | serwetka
sense_list:
A small, flat or tray-like object on which a bottle, cup, glass, mug, etc., is placed to protect a table surface from drink spills, heat, or water condensation.


lexentry: eng/coastline__Noun__1
written_rep: coastline
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wybrzeże
sense_list:
The shape, outline, or boundary of a coast. (The term coastline is generally used to describe the approximate boundaries at relatively large spatial scales.)


lexentry: eng/coat_hanger__Noun__1
written_rep: coat hanger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wieszak
sense_list:
A device used to hang up coats, shirts, etc, consisting of a hook with sloping "arms" in the approximate shape of human shoulders.


lexentry: eng/coat_of_arms__Noun__1
written_rep: coat of arms
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: herb
sense_list:
(heraldry) Hereditary designs and symbols depicted on an escutcheon, sometimes accompanied by other elements of a heraldic achievement, such as a helm, crest, crest coronet, torse, mantling and supporters; described by a blazon.


lexentry: eng/coat_rack__Noun__1
written_rep: coat rack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wieszak
sense_list:
A rack or stand with hooks or pegs for holding hats and coats, often placed near an entrance for temporary use


lexentry: eng/coati__Noun__1
written_rep: coati
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ostronos
sense_list:
Any of several omnivorous mammals, of the genus Nasua, that live in the range from southern United States to northern Argentina.


lexentry: eng/coax__Verb__1
written_rep: coax
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: dłubać
sense_list:
(transitive) To wheedle or persuade (a person, organisation, animal etc.) gradually or by use of flattery to do something.


lexentry: eng/coaxial_cable__Noun__1
written_rep: coaxial cable
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kabel koncentryczny
sense_list:
(electronics, telecommunications) A transmission line, consisting of a conducting wire surrounded by an insulated spacer, surrounded by a cylindrical conducting sheath; used to carry high frequency signals such as TV.


lexentry: eng/cobber__Noun__1
written_rep: cobber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stary
sense_list:
(Australia, slang, dated) A pal, buddy, mate, friend; often used in direct address by one male to another.


lexentry: eng/cobbler__Noun__2
written_rep: cobbler
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cobbler
sense_list:
(US, alcoholic beverages) An (iced) alcoholic drink containing spirit or wine, with lemon juice and sugar.


lexentry: eng/cobbler__Noun__6
written_rep: cobbler
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cobbler
sense_list:
(US) Often preceded by a descriptive word as in apple cobbler, peach cobbler, etc.: a kind of pie, usually filled with fruit, originally having a crust at the base but nowadays generally lacking this and instead topped with a thick, cake-like pastry layer.


lexentry: eng/cobelligerent__Noun__1
written_rep: cobelligerent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: państwo sojusznicze
sense_list:
Country that wages war against a common enemy, without the countries on the same side having a formal treaty of military alliance.


lexentry: eng/cobza__Noun__1
written_rep: cobza
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kobza
sense_list:
A lute-like stringed instrument (chordophone), with four strings in double courses, played with a plectrum, and most associated with the traditional music of Romania.


lexentry: eng/coca__Noun__1
written_rep: coca
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: koka
sense_list:
The dried leaf of one of these plants, the South American shrub (Erythroxylum coca), widely cultivated in Andean countries, which is the source of cocaine and used as aphrodisiac in the past.


lexentry: eng/cocaine__Noun__1
written_rep: cocaine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kokaina
sense_list:
(uncountable, organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) An addictive drug derived from coca (Erythroxylum) or prepared synthetically, used sometimes medicinally as a local anesthetic and, often illegally, as a stimulant.


lexentry: eng/cochineal__Noun__1
written_rep: cochineal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czerwiec kaktusowy
sense_list:
(countable) A scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus, native to the tropical and subtropical Americas, which lives on prickly pear cacti (genus Opuntia).


lexentry: eng/cock__Verb__1
written_rep: cock
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: nadstawić | postawić | wznieść
sense_list:
(British, Irish, transitive, slang) To copulate with; (by extension, as with fuck) to mess up, to damage, to destroy.


lexentry: eng/cock_up__Verb__1
written_rep: cock up
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nie wykorzystać
sense_list:
(ambitransitive, chiefly, UK, Commonwealth, Ireland, slang, mildly) To ruin (something) unintentionally; to fuck up, mess up, or screw up.


lexentry: eng/cockatiel__Noun__1
written_rep: cockatiel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nimfa
sense_list:
Nymphicus hollandicus, a small, rather atypical cockatoo with a distinctive pointed yellow crest, native to Australia. Avicultural forms come in many color mutations such as White Face Gray, White Face Pearl, Fallow, Pearl Pied, Cinnamon Pearl, and White Face Pied.


lexentry: eng/cockatrice__Noun__1
written_rep: cockatrice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kuroliszek
sense_list:
(mythology) A legendary creature about the size and shape of a dragon or wyvern, but in appearance resembling a giant rooster, with some lizard-like characteristics.


lexentry: eng/cockfighting__Noun__1
written_rep: cockfighting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: walka kogutów
sense_list:
A gambling blood sport (illegal in most countries) in which two roosters have spikes placed on their feet and are made to fight each other, usually to the death.


lexentry: eng/cockle__Noun__1
written_rep: cockle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sercówka
sense_list:
Any of various edible European bivalve mollusks, of the family Cardiidae, having heart-shaped shells.


lexentry: eng/cockpit__Noun__2
written_rep: cockpit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: kokpit | kabina pilotów
sense_list:
The compartment in an aircraft or spacecraft in which the pilot sits and from where the craft is controlled. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/cockroach__Noun__1
written_rep: cockroach
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karaluch | karaczan | karakan
sense_list:
Any black or brown straight-winged insect of the order Blattodea that is not a termite. | (slang, offensive) A person or a member of a group of people regarded as undesirable and rapidly procreating.


lexentry: eng/cockspur_hawthorn__Noun__1
written_rep: cockspur hawthorn
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: głóg ostrogowy
sense_list:
A broad North American tree, with edible fruit, often grown ornamentally and used in horticulture; Crataegus crus-galli


lexentry: eng/cocksucker__Noun__1
written_rep: cocksucker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: lachociąg | obciągacz | obciągara
sense_list:
(vulgar, colloquial, derogatory, or, offensive) A very annoying or objectionable person; any contemptible person. | (vulgar, colloquial, derogatory, offensive, very, uncommon, literal) Someone who performs fellatio.


lexentry: eng/cocktail_fork__Noun__1
written_rep: cocktail fork
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: widelczyk
sense_list:
A small fork usually with two or three tines, used for eating dishes served as appetizers (such as fruit cocktails and shrimp cocktails), and for picking up olives and other small snacks.


lexentry: eng/cocoa__Noun__1
written_rep: cocoa
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kakao
sense_list:
The dried and partially fermented fatty seeds of the cacao tree from which chocolate is made. | (countable) A serving of this drink. | (countable) A light to medium brown colour.


lexentry: eng/cocoa_butter__Noun__1
written_rep: cocoa butter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tłuszcz kakaowy
sense_list:
The fat that is extracted from the cocoa bean to make chocolate; it has a relatively sharp melting point so does not feel greasy when eaten.


lexentry: eng/cocoa_powder__Noun__1
written_rep: cocoa powder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kakao
sense_list:
(baking, cooking) A powder derived from ground cocoa solids, which is used to make the drink of cocoa, various chocolate products, also used as an ingredient in baking.


lexentry: eng/coconut__Noun__1
written_rep: coconut
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: orzech kokosowy | kokos
sense_list:
A fruit of the coconut palm (not a true nut), Cocos nucifera, having a fibrous husk surrounding a large seed.


lexentry: eng/coconut_crab__Noun__1
written_rep: coconut crab
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krab palmowy
sense_list:
A terrestrial hermit crab of species Birgus latro, that lives on the shores of the Indian Ocean and the central Pacific Ocean and feeds on fruits, nuts, seeds and coconut flesh.


lexentry: eng/coconut_milk__Noun__1
written_rep: coconut milk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mleczko kokosowe
sense_list:
A thick white liquid produced by soaking the white inner flesh of the seed of the coconut in water and straining. It is traditionally used in Southeast Asian cuisine in curry and other gravy.


lexentry: eng/coconut_oil__Noun__1
written_rep: coconut oil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: olej kokosowy
sense_list:
A type of cooking oil extracted from the kernel or meat of matured coconuts harvested from the coconut palm.


lexentry: eng/coconut_water__Noun__1
written_rep: coconut water
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: woda kokosowa
sense_list:
A clear liquid found inside immature coconuts, which suspends the endosperm during the nuclear stage of development. It is a popular drink in tropical regions.


lexentry: eng/cocooning__Noun__1
written_rep: cocooning
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zostawanie w domu
sense_list:
(by extension) The act of staying inside one's home, insulated from perceived danger, instead of going out.


lexentry: eng/cod__Noun__1
written_rep: cod
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: dorsz | wątłusz | pomuchla
sense_list:
Sea fish of the genus Gadus generally, inclusive of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac or Gadus macrocephalus ogac). | The meat of any of the above fish.


lexentry: eng/cod_liver_oil__Noun__1
written_rep: cod liver oil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tran
sense_list:
Oil derived from the liver of codfish, often used as a nutritional supplement due to its high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, and very high levels of vitamin A and vitamin D.


lexentry: eng/coda__Noun__1
written_rep: coda
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: powrót do normalnego poziomu
sense_list:
(phonology) The optional final sound of a syllable or word, occurring after its nucleus and usually composed of one or more consonants. | (geology) In seismograms, the gradual return to baseline after a seismic event. The length of the coda can be used to estimate event magnitude, and the shape sometimes reveals details of subsurface structures.


lexentry: eng/code__Noun__1
written_rep: code
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kod
sense_list:
A short textual designation, often with little relation to the item it represents. | A set of rules for converting information into another form or representation. | (programming, uncountable) Instructions for a computer, written in a programming language; the input of a translator, an interpreter or a browser, namely: source code, machine code, bytecode.


lexentry: eng/code__Noun__1
written_rep: code
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kodeks | kod
sense_list:
A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in which the rules of law to be specifically applied by the courts are set forth in systematic form; a compilation of laws by public authority; a digest. | Any system of principles, rules or regulations relating to one subject.


lexentry: eng/code__Noun__1
written_rep: code
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: kod | szyfr
sense_list:
(cryptography) A cryptographic system using a codebook that converts words or phrases into codewords.


lexentry: eng/code_block__Noun__1
written_rep: code block
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: blok
sense_list:
(programming) A block of source code, often one that is delimited by brackets or in some similar way, depending on the programming language.


lexentry: eng/code_name__Noun__1
written_rep: code name
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kryptonim
sense_list:
(business, espionage, military) A name used to clandestinely identify somebody or something, either for military or espionage purposes, or for commercial confidentiality.


lexentry: eng/code_of_honour__Noun__1
written_rep: code of honour
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kodeks honorowy
sense_list:
Certain rules by which social intercourse is regulated among a social group, and which are founded on a regard for reputation.


lexentry: eng/codeine__Noun__1
written_rep: codeine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kodeina
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) An addictive alkaloid narcotic derived from opium and used as a hypnotic, analgesic and antitussive; often mixed with aspirin etc.


lexentry: eng/coder__Noun__1
written_rep: coder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koder
sense_list:
A device that generates a code, often as a series of pulses. | (computing) A programmer (computer programmer).


lexentry: eng/codomain__Noun__1
written_rep: codomain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przeciwdziedzina
sense_list:
(mathematics, analysis) The target set into which a function is formally defined to map elements of its domain; the set denoted Y in the notation f : X → Y.


lexentry: eng/codpiece__Noun__1
written_rep: codpiece
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mieszek | saczek
sense_list:
A part of male dress in the 15th and 16th centuries, worn in front of the breeches to cover the male genitals.


lexentry: eng/codriver__Noun__1
written_rep: codriver
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: drugi pilot
sense_list:
The navigator in the sport of rally racing, who sits in the front passenger seat and gives directions to the driver.


lexentry: eng/coefficient_of_friction__Noun__1
written_rep: coefficient of friction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: współczynnik tarcia
sense_list:
(physics) The ratio between (1) the magnitude of the force of friction which a surface produces on an object (moving along the surface or being pressed statically against it) and (2) the magnitude of the normal force which is produced by the surface on the object and which is perpendicular to that surface.


lexentry: eng/coelacanth__Noun__1
written_rep: coelacanth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: latimeria
sense_list:
(in particular) Either of the two extant species in this group; the West Indian Ocean coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae) or the Indonesian coelacanth (Latimeria menadoensis). | Any of the class Actinistia of primitive lobe-finned fish, thought to have been extinct for 70 million years until a living specimen was discovered in 1938. Most species are large and plump and they all have bodies covered in tough elasmoid scales that act as armor.


lexentry: eng/coelenterate__Noun__1
written_rep: coelenterate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jamochłon
sense_list:
(zoology, dated) Any simple aquatic animal formerly considered to belong to the phylum Coelenterata, now divided into the cnidarians and ctenophores.


lexentry: eng/coeliac_disease__Noun__1
written_rep: coeliac disease
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: celiakia | choroba trzewna
sense_list:
(UK) An auto-immune disease characterised by sensitivity of the lining of the small intestine to gluten, causing a failure to digest food properly.


lexentry: eng/coerce__Verb__1
written_rep: coerce
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zmusić | zmuszać
sense_list:
(transitive) To use force, threat, fraud, or intimidation in an attempt to compel one to act against their will.


lexentry: eng/coercion__Noun__1
written_rep: coercion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przymus
sense_list:
(uncountable) Actual or threatened force for the purpose of compelling action by another person; the act of coercing.


lexentry: eng/coesite__Noun__1
written_rep: coesite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koezyt
sense_list:
(mineral) A high-pressure polymorph of silica found in extreme conditions such as the impact craters of meteorites, with the chemical composition of silicon dioxide, SiO2.


lexentry: eng/coevolution__Noun__1
written_rep: coevolution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koewolucja
sense_list:
(ecology, evolutionary theory) The evolution of organisms of two or more species in which each adapts to changes in the other.


lexentry: eng/coexist__Verb__1
written_rep: coexist
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koegzystować | współistnieć
sense_list:
(intransitive, stative, of two or more things, people, concepts, etc.) To exist contemporaneously or in the same area.


lexentry: eng/coexistence__Noun__1
written_rep: coexistence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koegzystencja | współistnienie
sense_list:
The state of two or more things existing together, usually in a temporal or spatial sense, with or without mutual interaction.


lexentry: eng/coffee_bean__Noun__1
written_rep: coffee bean
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ziarnko kawy | ziarenko kawy
sense_list:
The seed of a tropical plant of the genus Coffea, that is prepared by drying, roasting and grinding for making the beverage coffee.


lexentry: eng/coffee_break__Noun__1
written_rep: coffee break
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przerwa na kawę
sense_list:
A rest period during the business day (usually of about 10 or 15 minutes). So named because it is an opportunity to get coffee.


lexentry: eng/coffee_grinder__Noun__1
written_rep: coffee grinder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: młynek do kawy
sense_list:
A device for pulverizing or powdering coffee beans so they can be brewed as coffee. (Technically many of the machines tear the coffee beans).


lexentry: eng/cofferdam__Noun__1
written_rep: cofferdam
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: grobla | koferdam
sense_list:
(engineering) A temporary watertight enclosure used to create a dry foundation for building bridges and other structures over water.


lexentry: eng/cofinal__Adjective__1
written_rep: cofinal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: współkońcowy
sense_list:
(order theory) Of a subset of a partially ordered set; containing elements at least as late as any given element of the set, relative to the given partial order.


lexentry: eng/cofounder__Noun__1
written_rep: cofounder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: współzałożyciel | współzałożycielka
sense_list:
A joint founder; one of several people involved with the creation of a business, organization, union, or entity.


lexentry: eng/cog__Noun__2
written_rep: cog
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: koga
sense_list:
(historical) The hypothetical precursor ship type of the above said to be in use during the early Middle Ages, variously alleged to be Frisian or Scandinavian.


lexentry: eng/cognate_accusative__Noun__1
written_rep: cognate accusative
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: spokrewniony przedmiot
sense_list:
(grammar) An object of kindred sense or derivation; specifically, that which may adverbially follow an intransitive verb (for example, the word death in “to die the death”).


lexentry: eng/cognition__Noun__1
written_rep: cognition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: percepcja | poznanie
sense_list:
The process of knowing, of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought and through the senses.


lexentry: eng/cognitive__Adjective__1
written_rep: cognitive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: poznawczy | kognitywny
sense_list:
Relating to the part of mental functions that deals with logic, as opposed to affective which deals with emotions.


lexentry: eng/cognitive_behavioral_therapy__Noun__1
written_rep: cognitive behavioral therapy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: terapia poznawczo-behawioralna
sense_list:
(psychology) A psychotherapeutic approach that addresses dysfunctional emotions, behaviors, and cognitions, focussing on a client's current state rather than on their past.


lexentry: eng/cognitive_dissonance__Noun__1
written_rep: cognitive dissonance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dysonans poznawczy
sense_list:
(psychology) A conflict or anxiety resulting from inconsistencies between one's beliefs and one's actions or other beliefs.


lexentry: eng/cognitive_psychology__Noun__1
written_rep: cognitive psychology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: psychologia poznawcza
sense_list:
(psychology) A branch of psychology that examines internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language.


lexentry: eng/cognize__Verb__1
written_rep: cognize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: poznać
sense_list:
To know, perceive, or become aware of. | To make into an object of cognition (the process of acquiring knowledge through thought); to cogitate.


lexentry: eng/cognomen__Noun__1
written_rep: cognomen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nazwisko
sense_list:
(historical) A personal epithet or clan name added to the given name and family name of Ancient Romans.


lexentry: eng/cohabitation__Noun__1
written_rep: cohabitation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: życie na kocią łapę
sense_list:
An emotional and physical intimate relationship which includes a common living place and which exists without legal or religious sanction.


lexentry: eng/cohabitation__Noun__1
written_rep: cohabitation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kohabitacja
sense_list:
The act of living together. | (biology) The act of two species living together in the same habitat. | (politics) Cooperation between politicians of opposing political parties; especially, in France, between a President and Prime Minister.


lexentry: eng/coherence__Noun__1
written_rep: coherence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koherencja | spójność | kohezja
sense_list:
The quality of cohering, or being coherent; internal consistency. | A logical arrangement of parts, as in writing.


lexentry: eng/coherence__Noun__1
written_rep: coherence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: koherencja
sense_list:
(physics, of waves) The property of having the same wavelength and phase. | (linguistics, translation studies) A semantic relationship between different parts of the same text.


lexentry: eng/coherent__Adjective__1
written_rep: coherent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: koherentny
sense_list:
Orderly, logical and consistent. | (physics) Of waves having the same direction, wavelength and phase, as light in a laser.


lexentry: eng/coherentism__Noun__1
written_rep: coherentism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koherencjonizm
sense_list:
(philosophy) A form of reasoning where the truth or falsehood of a belief is defined by its coherence with the rest of the believer's knowledge and experiences.


lexentry: eng/cohesion__Noun__1
written_rep: cohesion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kohezja
sense_list:
(physics, chemistry) Various intermolecular forces that hold solids and liquids together. | (biology) Growing together of normally distinct parts of a plant.


lexentry: eng/cohort__Noun__1
written_rep: cohort
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kohorta
sense_list:
(statistics) A demographic grouping of people, especially those in a defined age group, or having a common characteristic. | (historical, Ancient Rome, military) Any division of a Roman legion, normally of about 500 or 600 men (equalling about six centuries).


lexentry: eng/cohort_study__Noun__1
written_rep: cohort study
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: badanie kohorty
sense_list:
A type of research project in which participants sharing a common feature (the cohort) are studied over a long period of time.


lexentry: eng/coin__Noun__1
written_rep: coin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: moneta | bilon
sense_list:
(money) A piece of currency, usually metallic and in the shape of a disc, but sometimes polygonal, or with a hole in the middle.


lexentry: eng/coir__Noun__1
written_rep: coir
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ambona
sense_list:
The fibre obtained from the husk of a coconut, used chiefly in making rope, matting and as a peat substitute.


lexentry: eng/coke__Noun__1
written_rep: coke
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koks
sense_list:
(uncountable) Solid residue from roasting coal in a coke oven; used principally as a fuel and in the production of steel and formerly as a domestic fuel.


lexentry: eng/colander__Noun__1
written_rep: colander
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: durszlak | cedzak
sense_list:
A bowl-shaped kitchen utensil with holes in it used for draining food that has been cooking in water, such as pasta.


lexentry: eng/colchicine__Noun__1
written_rep: colchicine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolchicyna
sense_list:
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) A highly toxic alkaloid, chemical formula C22H25NO6, originally extracted from plants of the genus Colchicum and formerly used to treat rheumatic complaints, now used mainly in the treatment of gout.


lexentry: eng/cold__Noun__1
written_rep: cold
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: przeziębienie
sense_list:
(countable, pathology) A common, usually harmless, usually viral illness, usually with congestion of the nasal passages and sometimes fever.


lexentry: eng/cold_meat__Noun__1
written_rep: cold meat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wędlina
sense_list:
Any cold cooked meat such as luncheon meat or lunch meat, spam, chopped pork, corned beef, and so on.


lexentry: eng/cold_sore__Noun__1
written_rep: cold sore
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: opryszczka
sense_list:
(pathology) A small bump (namely a vesicle) on the lips resulting from infection by herpes simplex viruses (mostly HHV1 but also HHV2).


lexentry: eng/cold_turkey__Adverb__1
written_rep: cold turkey
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: raptem
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Not gradually; all at once. Refers especially to quitting a habit by force of will rather than by a gradual reduction.


lexentry: eng/cold_war__Noun__1
written_rep: cold war
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zimna wojna
sense_list:
A period of hostile relations between rivals where direct open warfare between them is largely undesired and avoided; especially, either the Cold War or Cold War II. [from 1945]


lexentry: eng/coleslaw__Noun__1
written_rep: coleslaw
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: coleslaw | colesław | kolesław
sense_list:
A salad of finely shredded raw cabbage and sometimes shredded carrots, dressed with mayonnaise (white slaw) or a vinaigrette (red slaw).


lexentry: eng/colewort__Noun__1
written_rep: colewort
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kapusta
sense_list:
A plant of the genus Brassica; now specifically, a Brassica plant without a head used for food, such as kale.


lexentry: eng/coli__Noun__1
written_rep: coli
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pałeczka okrężnicy
sense_list:
(often, attributive, bacteriology) Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms.


lexentry: eng/colic__Noun__1
written_rep: colic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolka
sense_list:
(pathology) Severe pains that grip the abdomen or the disease that causes such pains (due to intestinal or bowel-related problems).


lexentry: eng/collage__Noun__1
written_rep: collage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolaż
sense_list:
A picture made by sticking other pictures onto a surface or juxtaposing them digitally in analogous manner.


lexentry: eng/collagen__Noun__1
written_rep: collagen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolagen
sense_list:
(biochemistry) The main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of the connective tissues of many animals.


lexentry: eng/collar__Noun__1
written_rep: collar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kołnierz | kołnierzyk
sense_list:
The part of an upper garment (shirt, jacket, etc.) that fits around the neck and throat, especially if sewn from a separate piece of fabric.


lexentry: eng/collar__Noun__1
written_rep: collar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obroża
sense_list:
A band or chain around an animal's neck, used to restrain and/or identify it. | (rail transport) A physical lockout device to prevent operation of a mechanical signal lever.


lexentry: eng/collard_greens__Noun__1
written_rep: collard greens
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kapusta pastewna
sense_list:
A form of Brassica oleracea, sometimes called Brassica oleracea var. acephala or Brassica oleracea var. viridis, similar to kale, that is a popular food in the rural southern United States.


lexentry: eng/collared_flycatcher__Noun__1
written_rep: collared flycatcher
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: muchołówka białoszyja
sense_list:
Ficedula albicollis, an Old World flycatcher breeding in eastern Europe and across Central Asia, overwintering in Africa


lexentry: eng/collared_peccary__Noun__1
written_rep: collared peccary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pekari obrożny
sense_list:
A small wild hog (Dicotyles tajacu), native to southern United States through to northern Argentina.


lexentry: eng/collateral__Noun__1
written_rep: collateral
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: fant
sense_list:
(finance) A security or guarantee (usually an asset) pledged for the repayment of a loan if one cannot procure enough funds to repay.


lexentry: eng/collateral_circulation__Noun__1
written_rep: collateral circulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krążenie oboczne
sense_list:
(anatomy) The circulation of blood through a network of vessels that is developed through enlargement of secondary vessels and use of existing anastomoses between adjacent vessels when a major vein or artery is functionally impaired, as by obstruction.


lexentry: eng/collateral_damage__Noun__1
written_rep: collateral damage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: straty cywilne
sense_list:
(military, euphemistic) Damage to civilian property or civilian casualties that is the unintended result of military operations.


lexentry: eng/colleague__Noun__1
written_rep: colleague
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolega | koleżanka
sense_list:
A fellow member of a profession, staff, academic faculty or other organization; an associate, a workmate.


lexentry: eng/collect__Noun__1
written_rep: collect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolekta
sense_list:
(Christianity) The prayer said before the reading of the epistle lesson, especially one found in a prayerbook, as with the Book of Common Prayer.


lexentry: eng/collect__Verb__1
written_rep: collect
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: kolekcjonować
sense_list:
(transitive) To accumulate (a number of similar or related objects), particularly for a hobby or recreation.


lexentry: eng/collectible__Adjective__1
written_rep: collectible
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolekcjonerski
sense_list:
Worthy or suitable for collecting on historical/financial grounds, or for meeting a personal aesthetic.


lexentry: eng/collecting__Noun__1
written_rep: collecting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolekcjonerstwo | zbieractwo
sense_list:
A hobby including seeking, locating, acquiring, organizing, cataloging, displaying, storing, and maintaining whatever items are of interest to the individual collector.


lexentry: eng/collection__Noun__1
written_rep: collection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: kolekcja | zbiór
sense_list:
(set theory, topology, analysis) A set of sets; used because such a thing is in general too large to comply with the formal definition of a set.


lexentry: eng/collection__Noun__1
written_rep: collection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: zrzutka | składka | zbiórka
sense_list:
A gathering of money for charitable or other purposes, as by passing a contribution box for donations.


lexentry: eng/collection_plate__Noun__1
written_rep: collection plate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: taca
sense_list:
A plate or other container passed among the worshipers attending a Christian church service, into which donations of money are placed.


lexentry: eng/collective_agreement__Noun__1
written_rep: collective agreement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: układ zbiorowy
sense_list:
A contract specifying terms and conditions of employment between one or more labor unions and employers' organizations legally binding for employers organized in these and the employees if they are unionized in them or their employment contract incorporates them by referral.


lexentry: eng/collective_security__Noun__1
written_rep: collective security
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bezpieczeństwo zbiorowe
sense_list:
The concept of maintaining peace among all nations or members of a group by making the security concerns of one member important to all members.


lexentry: eng/collectively__Adverb__1
written_rep: collectively
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zbiorowo
sense_list:
In a collective manner; viewed together as a whole; to be treated as a single unit, rather than the items that make up the collection separately.


lexentry: eng/collectivism__Noun__1
written_rep: collectivism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolektywizm
sense_list:
An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are owned and controlled by the people collectively


lexentry: eng/collenchyma__Noun__1
written_rep: collenchyma
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolenchyma | zwarcica
sense_list:
(biology) A living, elongated, mechanical and flexible ground tissue with angular pectin depositions; present just under leaves, tendrils and stems of climbers; formed before vascular differentiation.


lexentry: eng/collet__Noun__1
written_rep: collet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tulejka zaciskowa
sense_list:
A band, flange, ferrule, or collar, designed to grip and hold a tool or a workpiece under proper control, and usually to release it under control thereafter; such a collet usually is made of a hard, springy material, especially a metal.


lexentry: eng/collider__Noun__1
written_rep: collider
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zderzacz
sense_list:
(physics) Any of several forms of particle accelerator in which two opposing beams of particles collide.


lexentry: eng/collimate__Verb__1
written_rep: collimate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przetwarzać na wiązkę równoległą | przetworzyć na wiązkę równoległą
sense_list:
To focus into a narrow beam or column; to adjust a focusing device so that it produces a narrow beam.


lexentry: eng/collocation__Noun__1
written_rep: collocation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: kolokacja
sense_list:
(linguistics, translation studies) A sequence of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance (i.e., the statistically significant placement of particular words in a language), often representing an established name for, or idiomatic way of conveying, a particular semantic concept.


lexentry: eng/colloid__Noun__1
written_rep: colloid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koloid
sense_list:
(physical chemistry) A stable system of two phases, one of which is dispersed in the other in the form of very small droplets or particles.


lexentry: eng/colloquialism__Noun__1
written_rep: colloquialism
part_of_speech: noun
sense_list: A colloquial manner of speaking.
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list:
język obiegowy | język pospolity | język potoczny | język powszechny | język swobodny | mowa potoczna


lexentry: eng/colocynth__Noun__1
written_rep: colocynth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolokwinta
sense_list:
A viny plant, Citrullus colocynthis, native to the Mediterranean Basin and Asia. It produces a lemon-sized, yellowish, green-mottled, spongy, and extremely bitter fruit. | The powdered pulp of this fruit, a powerful hepatic stimulant and hydragogue cathartic used as a strong laxative.


lexentry: eng/cologne__Noun__1
written_rep: cologne
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: woda kolońska
sense_list:
Any of a family of fresh, citrus-based fragrances distilled using extracts from citrus, floral, and woody ingredients, said to have been developed in the early 18th century in Cologne, Germany.


lexentry: eng/colon__Noun__2
written_rep: colon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: okrężnica
sense_list:
(anatomy) Part of the large intestine; the final segment of the digestive system, after (distal to) the ileum and before (proximal to) the rectum. (Because the colon is the largest part of the large intestine (constituting most of it), it is often treated as synonymous therewith in broad or casual usage.)


lexentry: eng/colonel__Noun__1
written_rep: colonel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pułkownik
sense_list:
A commissioned officer in an armed military organization, typically the highest rank before flag officer ranks (generals). It is generally found in armies, air forces or naval infantry (marines).


lexentry: eng/colonial__Adjective__1
written_rep: colonial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kolonialny
sense_list:
Of or pertaining to a period when a country or territory was a colony. | (US) Of or relating to the original Thirteen Colonies of the USA. | (US) Of or relating to the style of architecture prevalent at about the time of the Revolution.


lexentry: eng/colonialism__Noun__1
written_rep: colonialism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolonializm
sense_list:
The policy of a country seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of economic dominance.


lexentry: eng/colonize__Verb__1
written_rep: colonize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolonizować | skolonizować
sense_list:
(transitive) To settle (a place) with colonists, and hence make (a place) into a colony. | (transitive) To settle (a group of people, a species, or the like) in a place as a colony. | (intransitive) To begin a colony or colonies.


lexentry: eng/colony__Noun__1
written_rep: colony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: kolonia
sense_list:
(biology) A group of organisms of same or different species living together in close association. | A potential new chapter of a fraternity or sorority awaiting official recognition from their headquarters.


lexentry: eng/color__Noun__1
written_rep: color
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: barwa | odcień
sense_list:
These hues as used in color television or films, color photographs, etc (as opposed to the shades of grey used in black-and-white television).


lexentry: eng/color__Noun__1
written_rep: color
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kolor
sense_list:
(heraldry) Any of the standard dark tinctures used in a coat of arms, including azure, gules, sable, and vert.


lexentry: eng/color__Noun__1
written_rep: color
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 12
trans_list: kolor | barwa | koloryt
sense_list:
(finance, uncountable) A third-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change of gamma with respect to time, or equivalently the rate of change of charm with respect to changes in the underlying asset price.


lexentry: eng/color_blind__Adjective__1
written_rep: color blind
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: daltonista
sense_list:
(of a, person or animal) Unable to distinguish between two or more primary colors (usually red and green).


lexentry: eng/color_blindness__Noun__1
written_rep: color blindness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ślepota barw | barwoślepota | daltonizm
sense_list:
(medicine, ophthalmology) Any of several medical conditions in which the physical ability to see colors is impaired, especially achromatopsia, Daltonism.


lexentry: eng/coloring_book__Noun__1
written_rep: coloring book
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolorowanka
sense_list:
A book containing line art for readers (usually children) to add color using crayons, colored pencils, markers, paint, or other artistic media.


lexentry: eng/colorize__Verb__1
written_rep: colorize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koloryzować
sense_list:
To add color to. | (photography, filmology) To convert black and white media to color by digital post production (as is often done in digital photography and in video special effects).


lexentry: eng/colossus__Noun__1
written_rep: colossus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolos
sense_list:
A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied to certain famous statues in antiquity, as the Colossus of Nero in Rome and the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. | (by extension) Any creature or thing of gigantic size.


lexentry: eng/colostomy_bag__Noun__1
written_rep: colostomy bag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pojemnik na kał wydalany przez przetokę
sense_list:
A small pouch placed over the stoma of a person who has had a colostomy, used to collect waste products that would otherwise pass through a person's rectum.


lexentry: eng/colostrum__Noun__1
written_rep: colostrum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: siara | młodziwo | mleziwo
sense_list:
(medicine) A form of milk produced by the mammary glands in late pregnancy and the few days after giving birth.


lexentry: eng/coltan__Noun__1
written_rep: coltan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koltan
sense_list:
(mineralogy) A metallic ore, (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6, from which the elements niobium and tantalum are extracted.


lexentry: eng/coltsfoot__Noun__1
written_rep: coltsfoot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: podbiał | podbiał pospolity
sense_list:
An herbaceous plant, species Tussilago farfara, that grows in Europe and the Middle East; yellow coltsfoot.


lexentry: eng/colugo__Noun__1
written_rep: colugo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: latawiec
sense_list:
An arboreal gliding mammal of the family Cynocephalidae of the order Dermoptera, native to Southeast Asia.


lexentry: eng/columbarium__Noun__1
written_rep: columbarium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: kolumbarium
sense_list:
A building, a vault or a similar place for the respectful and usually public storage of cinerary urns containing cremated remains.


lexentry: eng/columbite__Noun__1
written_rep: columbite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolumbit
sense_list:
(mineral) A black mineral that is a mixed iron and manganese niobate and tantalate, and is the main ore of niobium and tantalum.


lexentry: eng/column__Noun__1
written_rep: column
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolumna | słup
sense_list:
(architecture) A solid upright structure designed usually to support a larger structure above it, such as a roof or horizontal beam, but sometimes for decoration.


lexentry: eng/column__Noun__1
written_rep: column
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: kolumna
sense_list:
A unit of width, especially of advertisements, in a periodical, equivalent to the width of a usual column of text. | Something having similar vertical form or structure to the things mentioned above, such as a spinal column. | (chemistry) An instrument used to separate the different components of a liquid or to purify chemical compounds.


lexentry: eng/colza__Noun__1
written_rep: colza
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rzepak
sense_list:
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus), cultivated for its seeds, which yield an oil, valued for illuminating and lubricating purposes.


lexentry: eng/comb__Noun__1
written_rep: comb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: grzebień
sense_list:
The toothed plate at the top and bottom of an escalator that prevents objects getting trapped between the moving stairs and fixed landings. | A fleshy growth on the top of the head of some birds and reptiles; crest.


lexentry: eng/comb__Verb__1
written_rep: comb
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czesać
sense_list:
(transitive, especially of hair or fur) To groom with a toothed implement, especially a comb. | (transitive) To separate choice cotton fibers from worsted cloth fibers.


lexentry: eng/combination__Noun__1
written_rep: combination
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kombinacja
sense_list:
The act of combining, the state of being combined or the result of combining. | (mathematics) One or more elements selected from a set without regard to the order of selection. | A rapid sequence of punches or strikes in boxing or other combat sports.


lexentry: eng/combination_pliers__Noun__1
written_rep: combination pliers
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kombinerki
sense_list:
(US, UK) A type of pliers used by linemen, electricians, and other tradesmen primarily for gripping, twisting, bending and cutting wire, cable and small metalwork components.


lexentry: eng/combinatorics__Noun__1
written_rep: combinatorics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kombinatoryka
sense_list:
(mathematics) a branch of mathematics that studies (usually finite) collections of objects that satisfy specified criteria


lexentry: eng/combining_form__Noun__1
written_rep: combining form
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: złożenie
sense_list:
(grammar) A type of word part; a bound morpheme; used in combination with a word, a different combining form, or an affix to form a new word.


lexentry: eng/combustion_chamber__Noun__1
written_rep: combustion chamber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komora spalania
sense_list:
An enclosed space, within a heat engine, in which the fuel is mixed and reacted with air or other oxidizing agent in a controlled manner.


lexentry: eng/come_across__Verb__1
written_rep: come across
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: robić wrażenie | uchodzić | ujść | wydawać się | wydać się | zrobić wrażenie
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To give an appearance or impression; to project a certain image; to seem or appear (to be some way). [(often) with as; or (often) with like]


lexentry: eng/come_apart__Verb__1
written_rep: come apart
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: niszczyć
sense_list:
(intransitive) To have an emotional breakdown; to become emotionally dysfunctional; to have an intense emotional reaction.


lexentry: eng/come_around__Verb__1
written_rep: come around
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przekonać się | przekonywać się
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To change one's mind, especially to begin to agree or appreciate what one was reluctant to accept at first.


lexentry: eng/come_back__Verb__1
written_rep: come back
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: wracać | wrócić
sense_list:
(intransitive) To return to a former state, usually a desirable one; to become fashionable once more.


lexentry: eng/come_from__Verb__1
written_rep: come from
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: rozumieć
sense_list:
(transitive, slightly, informal) To derive one's opinion or argument from; to take as a conceptual starting point.


lexentry: eng/come_full_circle__Verb__1
written_rep: come full circle
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zataczać koło | zatoczyć koło
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To complete a cycle of transition, returning to where one started after gaining experience or exploring other things.


lexentry: eng/come_out__Verb__1
written_rep: come out
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: wychodzić
sense_list:
(intransitive) To be published or released; to be issued; to be broadcast for the first time. | (copulative) To end up or result; to turn out to be. | To originate in; to derive from; to be taken from out of or to have arrived from.


lexentry: eng/come_out_of_the_closet__Verb__1
written_rep: come out of the closet
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[ujawniać|ujawniać (się)]] | [[ujawnić|ujawnić (się)]]
sense_list:
(intransitive, idiomatic, LGBTQ) To disclose to others about one's sexual orientation, romantic orientation, or gender identity, where previously this had been kept secret.


lexentry: eng/come_over__Verb__1
written_rep: come over
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: poczuć się nagle
sense_list:
(transitive) To affect in a sudden, unprecedented or surprising manner; to overwhelm a person's ordinarily contrary impulse.


lexentry: eng/come_to_one's_senses__Verb__1
written_rep: come to one's senses
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: opamiętać się | opamiętywać się
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To become reasonable, comprehending, or responsible, especially after having behaved in an unreasonable, confused, uncomprehending, or irresponsible manner.


lexentry: eng/come_up_with__Verb__1
written_rep: come up with
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wymyślać | dostawać | dostać | wpadać | wpaść | wymyślić
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To manage to produce, deliver, or present (something) by inventing, creating, thinking of, or obtaining it.


lexentry: eng/comeback__Noun__1
written_rep: comeback
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: comeback
sense_list:
A return (e.g. to popularity, success, etc.) after an extended period of obscurity or underperformance.


lexentry: eng/comedo__Noun__1
written_rep: comedo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zaskórnik
sense_list:
(medicine) A clogged hair follicle in the skin, formed when keratin combines with oil to block the follicle.


lexentry: eng/comedy__Noun__1
written_rep: comedy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komedia
sense_list:
(countable, historical) a choric song of celebration or revel, especially in Ancient Greece | (countable) a light, amusing play with a happy ending | (countable, Medieval Europe) a narrative poem with an agreeable ending (e.g., The Divine Comedy) | (countable, drama) a dramatic work that is light and humorous or satirical in tone | (drama) the genre of such works


lexentry: eng/comely__Adjective__1
written_rep: comely
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: urodziwy
sense_list:
Of a person: attractive or pleasing to look at; beautiful, handsome; also, attractive but not particularly beautiful or handsome.


lexentry: eng/comfort_woman__Noun__1
written_rep: comfort woman
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kobieta do towarzystwa
sense_list:
(idiomatic, historical, euphemistic) A woman forced, or supposedly recruited, into brothels by the Japanese occupation forces before or during World War II.


lexentry: eng/comfort_zone__Noun__1
written_rep: comfort zone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: strefa komfortu
sense_list:
(idiomatic, by extension) The range of circumstances in which a person feels relaxed or able to cope.


lexentry: eng/comfortable_in_one's_own_skin__Adjective__1
written_rep: comfortable in one's own skin
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czuć się dobrze w swojej skórze
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Relaxed and confident in one's manner of presenting oneself and interacting with others; conveying the impression that one has a clear, satisfying understanding of one's own abilities and situation.


lexentry: eng/comfrey__Noun__1
written_rep: comfrey
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: żywokost
sense_list:
Any of several species of perennial herbs of the genus Symphytum, often specifically Symphytum officinale.


lexentry: eng/comic__Adjective__1
written_rep: comic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: komiczny | zabawny | śmieszny
sense_list:
Using the techniques of comedy, as a composition, performer etc; amusing, entertaining. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/comic_book__Noun__1
written_rep: comic book
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komiks
sense_list:
(comics) A book or magazine that uses sequences of drawings to narrate a story or a series of stories, primarily in a serialized form, usually fiction.


lexentry: eng/comic_relief__Noun__1
written_rep: comic relief
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komedia w poważnym dziele
sense_list:
(narratology) The inclusion of a humorous character or scene or witty dialogue in an otherwise serious work, often to relieve tension.


lexentry: eng/comic_strip__Noun__1
written_rep: comic strip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komiks
sense_list:
(comics) A series of drawings, in sequence, often but not necessarily depicting something funny or satirical in nature; more specifically, a single work consisting of a short row of such drawings.


lexentry: eng/coming-out_party__Noun__1
written_rep: coming-out party
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: impreza debiutowa
sense_list:
A celebratory social gathering, with music, dancing, and refreshments, at which a young debutante is formally introduced to society.


lexentry: eng/comitative_case__Noun__1
written_rep: comitative case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: comitativus
sense_list:
(grammatical case) Noun case used to denote companionship. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositional phrase in company with, together with or with, as in "with the house." Languages that use the comitative case include Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, Inari Sami, Northern Sami, Skolt Sami, and Quechua. It is also found in many Australian Aboriginal languages, where it is commonly used to form names of places and languages.


lexentry: eng/comma__Noun__1
written_rep: comma
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przecinek
sense_list:
(typography) The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set of parts of a sentence or between elements of a list.


lexentry: eng/comma__Noun__1
written_rep: comma
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: rusałka ceik
sense_list:
(entomology) Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Polygonia, having a comma-shaped white mark on the underwings, especially Polygonia c-album and Polygonia c-aureum of North Africa, Europe, and Asia.


lexentry: eng/command__Noun__1
written_rep: command
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: komenda | polecenie
sense_list:
(computing) A directive to a computer program acting as an interpreter of some kind, in order to perform a specific task.


lexentry: eng/command_line__Noun__1
written_rep: command line
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: wiersz poleceń
sense_list:
The text prompt presented to the user in a command line interface. | A line of text that is entered at such a prompt.


lexentry: eng/commandery__Noun__1
written_rep: commandery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komandoria | komturia
sense_list:
(historical) The smallest division of a manor under the control of a commander of an order of knights, originally only the Knights Hospitaller.


lexentry: eng/commando__Noun__1
written_rep: commando
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komando
sense_list:
A small fighting force specially trained for making quick destructive raids against enemy-held areas.


lexentry: eng/commensal__Adjective__1
written_rep: commensal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komensaliczny
sense_list:
(ecology) Of a form of symbiosis in which one organism derives a benefit while the other is unaffected.


lexentry: eng/commensalism__Noun__1
written_rep: commensalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komensalizm
sense_list:
(ecology) A sharing of the same environment by two organisms where one species benefits and the other is unaffected. An example is barnacles on whales.


lexentry: eng/comment__Noun__1
written_rep: comment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: komentarz
sense_list:
(programming) A remark embedded in source code in such a way that it will be ignored by the compiler or interpreter, typically to help people to understand the code.


lexentry: eng/comment__Verb__1
written_rep: comment
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komentować
sense_list:
(transitive) To remark. | (intransitive, with "on", or, "about") To make remarks or notes; to express a view regarding.


lexentry: eng/commentary__Noun__1
written_rep: commentary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komentarz
sense_list:
A series of comments or annotations; especially, a book of explanations or expositions on the whole or a part of some other work.


lexentry: eng/commerce__Noun__1
written_rep: commerce
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: handel
sense_list:
(business) The exchange or buying and selling of commodities; especially the exchange of merchandise, on a large scale, between different places or communities; extended trade or traffic.


lexentry: eng/commie__Noun__1
written_rep: commie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komuch | komuszka
sense_list:
(pejorative, slang) A communist; a person with communist sympathies; a supposed communist infiltrator.


lexentry: eng/commie_block__Noun__1
written_rep: commie block
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wielka płyta
sense_list:
(pejorative) A large apartment complex, especially in former Eastern Bloc countries of Eastern Europe, characterized by concrete and rectangular cuboids, similar to a plattenbau.


lexentry: eng/comminution__Noun__1
written_rep: comminution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kruszenie | rozdrabnianie
sense_list:
(often, mining, waste management) The breaking or grinding up of a material to form smaller particles.


lexentry: eng/commiserate__Verb__1
written_rep: commiserate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: współczuć
sense_list:
(transitive) To feel or express compassion or sympathy for (someone or something). | (intransitive, as the phrasal verb commiserate with) To sympathize; condole.


lexentry: eng/commissariat__Noun__1
written_rep: commissariat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: komisariat
sense_list:
(historical) A department of the government of the Soviet Union in the early period of its existence.


lexentry: eng/commission__Noun__1
written_rep: commission
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: komisja
sense_list:
An official charge or authority to do something, often used of military officers. | A body or group of people, officially tasked with carrying out a particular function.


lexentry: eng/commissioned_officer__Noun__1
written_rep: commissioned officer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oficer
sense_list:
(military) An officer who derives authority directly from a sovereign power and, as such, holds a commission charging them with the duties and responsibilities of a specific office or position.


lexentry: eng/commissioning__Noun__1
written_rep: commissioning
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oddanie do eksploatacji
sense_list:
The process of assuring that all systems and components of a major piece of equipment, a process, a building or similar are designed, installed and tested according to the operational requirements of the owner or final client.


lexentry: eng/commit__Verb__1
written_rep: commit
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: popełniać
sense_list:
(transitive) To give in trust; to put into charge or keeping; to entrust; to consign; used with to or formerly unto.


lexentry: eng/committee__Noun__1
written_rep: committee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komitet | komisja
sense_list:
A body of one or more persons convened for the accomplishment of some specific purpose, typically with formal protocols.


lexentry: eng/commodious__Adjective__1
written_rep: commodious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: odpowiedni
sense_list:
(now, rare) Of life or living, endowed with conveniences; comfortable; free from hardship. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/common_European_adder__Noun__1
written_rep: common European adder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: żmija zygzakowata
sense_list:
A venomous snake of species Vipera berus, in the family Viperidae, that can be found throughout much of Europe, and as far as East Asia


lexentry: eng/common_barley__Noun__1
written_rep: common barley
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: celownik
sense_list:
A plant of the species Hordeum vulgare, which yields the commercially important cereal grain barley.


lexentry: eng/common_bean__Noun__1
written_rep: common bean
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: fasola
sense_list:
An herbaceous annual plant (Phaseolus vulgaris), grown for its edible bean. | A bean of such a plant, varying in size, shape and especially color.


lexentry: eng/common_clothes_moth__Noun__1
written_rep: common clothes moth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mól
sense_list:
Tineola bisselliella, a winged insect of Tineidae family, the caterpillar of which is a serious pest which destroys woollen materials.


lexentry: eng/common_cold__Noun__1
written_rep: common cold
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przeziębienie
sense_list:
(pathology) A very common, mild viral infection of the nose and throat, whose symptoms typically include sneezing, sniffling, a running or blocked nose, a sore throat, coughing and a headache.


lexentry: eng/common_denominator__Noun__1
written_rep: common denominator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wspólny mianownik
sense_list:
(mathematics) Any integer that is a common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions. | (by extension, figurative) A trait or attribute that is shared by all members of some category.


lexentry: eng/common_gender__Noun__1
written_rep: common gender
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rodzaj wspólny
sense_list:
(linguistics) A grammatical gender in some languages, formed by the historical merging of masculine and feminine genders.


lexentry: eng/common_ground__Noun__1
written_rep: common ground
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: płaszczyzna porozumienia
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A characteristic or interest shared by multiple people or systems; any belief, etc. held in common.


lexentry: eng/common_ground_dove__Noun__1
written_rep: common ground dove
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gołąbeczek białoskrzydły
sense_list:
Columbina passerina, a small bird that inhabits the southern United States, parts of Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America.


lexentry: eng/common_house_martin__Noun__1
written_rep: common house martin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jaskółka oknówka | oknówka | oknówka zwyczajna
sense_list:
A migratory bird of the species Delichon urbicum, breeding in Europe, North Africa and temperate Asia.


lexentry: eng/common_kingsnake__Noun__1
written_rep: common kingsnake
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: lancetogłów królewski
sense_list:
Lampropeltis getula, a harmless colubrid kingsnake endemic to much of warm temperate northern Mexico and the United States.


lexentry: eng/common_knowledge__Noun__1
written_rep: common knowledge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wiedza powszechna
sense_list:
That which is known by most people, and thus cannot reasonably be contested. | (logic, game theory) A special kind of knowledge for a group of agents, such that when all the agents in a group G know p, they all know that they know p, they all know that they all know that they know p, and so on ad infinitum.


lexentry: eng/common_noun__Noun__1
written_rep: common noun
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apelatiwum | apelatyw | appellativum | rzeczownik pospolity | nazwa pospolita
sense_list:
A noun that denotes any member, or all members, of a class; an ordinary noun such as dog or city; contrasted with a proper noun, which refers to a single named entity, such as Socrates or Tokyo.


lexentry: eng/common_poppy__Noun__1
written_rep: common poppy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mak polny
sense_list:
The poppy (Papaver rhoeas), widespread in western Eurasia and North Africa, formerly a common agricultural weed, now often used in gardens.


lexentry: eng/common_sandpiper__Noun__1
written_rep: common sandpiper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: brodziec piskliwy
sense_list:
A small species of wading bird, Actitis hypoleucos, widely distributed across Africa, Eurasia, and Australasia.


lexentry: eng/common_sense__Noun__1
written_rep: common sense
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zdrowy rozsądek | rozsądek
sense_list:
Ordinary sensible understanding; one's basic intelligence which allows for plain understanding and without which good decisions or judgments cannot be made.


lexentry: eng/common_sorrel__Noun__1
written_rep: common sorrel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szczaw zwyczajny
sense_list:
Rumex acetosa, a taxonomic species within the family Polygonaceae, garden sorrel, native in much of Europe.


lexentry: eng/common_swift__Noun__1
written_rep: common swift
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jerzyk
sense_list:
Apus apus, a swallow-like bird native to Europe and much of temperate Asia, rarely alighting on the ground.


lexentry: eng/common_yarrow__Noun__1
written_rep: common yarrow
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krwawnik pospolity
sense_list:
Achillea millefolium, a flowering plant widespread in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, formerly and sometimes used to stanch the flow of blood.


lexentry: eng/commons__Noun__2
written_rep: commons
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: teren będący wspólną własnością gminy
sense_list:
(usually singular in construction) A common#Noun (common land); especially, a central section of (usually an older) town, designated as a shared area. | (figuratively) The mutual good of all; the abstract concept of resources shared by more than one, for example air, water, information.


lexentry: eng/commune__Noun__1
written_rep: commune
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: gmina
sense_list:
A local political division in many European countries as well as their former colonies (such as Chile and Vietnam).


lexentry: eng/communicant__Noun__1
written_rep: communicant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komunikant
sense_list:
(Christianity) A person who receives (or is allowed to receive) the elements (i.e., bread and wine) of the sacrament of Holy Communion. (Compare also these terms: communion, Communion, Lord's Supper, Mass, Eucharist, Divine Liturgy.)


lexentry: eng/communicate__Verb__1
written_rep: communicate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przekazać | przekazywać
sense_list:
(transitive) To impart or transmit (information or knowledge) to someone; to make known, to tell. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/communicate__Verb__1
written_rep: communicate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: porozumiewać | porozumieć
sense_list:
(intransitive) To express or convey ideas, either through verbal or nonverbal means; to have intercourse, to exchange information. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/communication__Noun__1
written_rep: communication
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komunikacja
sense_list:
The act or fact of communicating anything; transmission. | (uncountable) The concept or state of exchanging data or information between entities. | The body of all data transferred to one or both parties during an act of communication. | A passageway or opening between two locations; connection. | (anatomy) A connection between two tissues, organs, or cavities.


lexentry: eng/communism__Noun__1
written_rep: communism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komunizm
sense_list:
Any far-left political ideology or philosophy advocating holding the production of resources collectively, especially by seizing it through revolution. | The international socialist society where classes, money, and the state no longer exist.


lexentry: eng/communist__Noun__1
written_rep: communist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komunista | komunistka
sense_list:
(communism) An advocate of a society based on the common ownership of property; a proponent of communism.


lexentry: eng/community__Noun__1
written_rep: community
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: społeczność
sense_list:
(countable) A group sharing common characteristics, such as the same language, law, religion, or tradition. | (countable, ecology) A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other.


lexentry: eng/commutative__Adjective__1
written_rep: commutative
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przemienny
sense_list:
(mathematics, of a binary operation) Such that the order in which the operands are taken does not affect their image under the operation.


lexentry: eng/commutative_algebra__Noun__1
written_rep: commutative algebra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: algebra przemienna
sense_list:
(mathematics) The branch of algebra concerned with commutative rings and objects related to them (such as ideals and modules). | (algebra) Any algebra (mathematical structure) in which the multiplication operation is commutative.


lexentry: eng/commute__Verb__2
written_rep: commute
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dojeżdżać
sense_list:
(intransitive, US, UK, Canada) To regularly travel from one's home to one's workplace or school, or vice versa.


lexentry: eng/commuter_rail__Noun__1
written_rep: commuter rail
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolej aglomeracyjna | kolej podmiejska
sense_list:
(rail transport) A rail transport system with trains used to transport commuters between two places, typically their homes and works, normally within a metropolitan area and its surrounding environs, and generally distinguished from other rail transport systems (i.e. subways, metros, tramways) by having less frequent service, lacking free transfers between trains and using heavy rolling stock running on a mainline railway


lexentry: eng/comorbidity__Noun__1
written_rep: comorbidity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: współchorobowość
sense_list:
(medicine, uncountable) The presence of one or more disorders (or diseases) in addition to a primary disease or disorder. | (medicine, countable) A disease thus coexisting.


lexentry: eng/comp__Verb__1
written_rep: comp
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: dodać
sense_list:
(transitive) To provide (someone) with a complimentary item, such as a ticket; to provide (someone) with something for free.


lexentry: eng/compact__Noun__2
written_rep: compact
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: puderniczka
sense_list:
A slim folding case, often featuring a mirror, powder and a powder puff, small enough to fit in a woman's purse, handbag, or pocket.


lexentry: eng/compact_camera__Noun__1
written_rep: compact camera
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aparat kompaktowy | kompakt
sense_list:
A simple, digital or 35mm camera that lacks accessories such as changeable lenses or light meter but includes automatic focus, intended primarily for taking snapshots.


lexentry: eng/compact_star__Noun__1
written_rep: compact star
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gwiazda zdegenerowana
sense_list:
(star) A type of celestial body that collectively refers to white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes and exotic stars.


lexentry: eng/company__Noun__1
written_rep: company
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kompania | przedsiębiorstwo
sense_list:
(military) A unit of approximately sixty to one hundred and twenty soldiers, typically consisting of two or three platoons and forming part of a battalion.


lexentry: eng/company__Noun__1
written_rep: company
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: przedsiębiorstwo | kompania | firma | spółka
sense_list:
(legal) An entity having legal personality, and thus able to own property and to sue and be sued in its own name; a corporation.


lexentry: eng/comparative__Noun__1
written_rep: comparative
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stopień wyższy
sense_list:
(grammar) The degree of comparison of an adjective or adverb used when comparing two entities in terms of a certain property or a certain way of doing something. In English, the comparative of superiority is formed by adding the suffix -er or the word more (e.g. bigger, more fully); the comparative of equality, by adding the word as (e.g. as big, as fully); the comparative of inferiority, by adding the word less (e.g. less big, less fully).


lexentry: eng/comparative_advantage__Noun__1
written_rep: comparative advantage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przewaga komparatywna
sense_list:
(economics) The ability to produce a particular good at a lower relative opportunity cost than another producer.


lexentry: eng/comparative_literature__Noun__1
written_rep: comparative literature
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komparatystyka | literaturoznawstwo porównawcze
sense_list:
The academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across linguistic, cultural and national boundaries.


lexentry: eng/comparative_method__Noun__1
written_rep: comparative method
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: metoda porównawcza
sense_list:
(linguistics) A technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with a common ancestor.


lexentry: eng/compare__Verb__1
written_rep: compare
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: porównywać | porównać
sense_list:
(transitive) To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things ["to compare X with Y"]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it similar to Y or different from Y.


lexentry: eng/comparison__Noun__1
written_rep: comparison
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: porównanie
sense_list:
The act of comparing or the state or process of being compared. | An evaluation of the similarities and differences of one or more things relative to some other or each other.


lexentry: eng/comparison__Noun__1
written_rep: comparison
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: gradacja | stopniowanie | klimaks
sense_list:
(grammar) A feature in the morphology or syntax of some languages whereby adjectives and adverbs are inflected to indicate the relative degree of the property they define exhibited by the word or phrase they modify or describe.


lexentry: eng/compartment__Noun__1
written_rep: compartment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: postument
sense_list:
(heraldry) A mound (often of grass), shelf (of e.g. wall) or other thing beneath the shield in a coat of arms on which the supporters stand.


lexentry: eng/compass__Noun__1
written_rep: compass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kompas | busola
sense_list:
A magnetic or electronic device used to determine the cardinal directions (usually magnetic or true north).


lexentry: eng/compass_point__Noun__1
written_rep: compass point
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: strona świata
sense_list:
Any of the horizontal directions indicated on a compass. There may be 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or even 128 compass points on a compass, depending on its size and accuracy.


lexentry: eng/compass_rose__Noun__1
written_rep: compass rose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: róża wiatrów
sense_list:
(navigation) A graduated circle, usually marked in degrees, indicating directions and printed or inscribed on an appropriate medium, often a map.


lexentry: eng/compatibility__Noun__1
written_rep: compatibility
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kompatybilność
sense_list:
(telecommunication) the capability of two or more items or components of equipment or material to exist or function in the same system or environment without mutual interference.


lexentry: eng/compellation__Noun__1
written_rep: compellation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: nazwa
sense_list:
(archaic, rare) A name or title by which someone is addressed or identified; an appellation, a designation.


lexentry: eng/compensation__Noun__1
written_rep: compensation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kompensacja
sense_list:
The act or principle of compensating. | (finance) The extinction of debts of which two persons are reciprocally debtors by the credits of which they are reciprocally creditors; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount.


lexentry: eng/compensatory_lengthening__Noun__1
written_rep: compensatory lengthening
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wzdłużenie zastępcze
sense_list:
(phonology, uncountable) The lengthening of a vowel sound which occurs when a following consonant is lost, regarded as an extreme form of fusion; (countable) an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/compersion__Noun__1
written_rep: compersion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wspólna radość | współradość | wzajemna radość
sense_list:
(neologism) Vicarious joy associated with seeing one's partner have a joyful romantic or sexual relation with another.


lexentry: eng/compete__Verb__1
written_rep: compete
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konkurować
sense_list:
To be in battle or in a rivalry with another for the same thing, position, or reward; to contend | To take part in a contest, game or similar event


lexentry: eng/competence__Noun__1
written_rep: competence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kompetencja
sense_list:
(countable) The quality or state of being able or suitable for a particular task; the quality or state of being competent for a particular task or skill.


lexentry: eng/compilation__Noun__1
written_rep: compilation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kompilacja
sense_list:
(uncountable) The act or process of compiling or gathering together from various sources. | (countable) That which is compiled; especially, a book or document composed of materials gathering from other books or documents. | (countable, uncountable, computing) Translation of source code into object code by a compiler.


lexentry: eng/complacency__Noun__1
written_rep: complacency
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: samozadowolenie
sense_list:
A feeling of contented self-satisfaction, especially when unaware of upcoming trouble. | An instance of self-satisfaction.


lexentry: eng/complainant__Noun__1
written_rep: complainant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: powód
sense_list:
One who makes complaint, one who complains. | (legal) The party that brings a civil lawsuit against another; the plaintiff.


lexentry: eng/complaint__Noun__1
written_rep: complaint
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: skarga | zażalenie
sense_list:
(legal) In a civil action, the first pleading of the plaintiff setting out the facts on which the claim is based.


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
written_rep: complement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: dopełnienie
sense_list:
(set theory) Given two sets, the set containing one set's elements that are not members of the other set (whether a relative complement or an absolute complement). [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/complementary_distribution__Noun__1
written_rep: complementary distribution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dystrybucja komplementarna
sense_list:
(phonetics) The distribution of phones in their respective phonetic environments such that one never appears in the same phonetic context as the other.


lexentry: eng/complementary_medicine__Noun__1
written_rep: complementary medicine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: medycyna komplementarna
sense_list:
Any of several therapies that complement (augment) scientific medical practices with those of alternative medicine such as acupuncture or homeopathy.


lexentry: eng/complementizer__Noun__1
written_rep: complementizer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komplementator
sense_list:
(linguistics) A subordinating conjunction that can convert a clause into a complement clause, i.e. one that completes a grammatical construction in the predicate and that describes or is identified with the subject or object.


lexentry: eng/complete__Adjective__1
written_rep: complete
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: zupełna
sense_list:
(analysis, of a metric space or topological group) In which every Cauchy sequence converges to a point within the space. | (algebra, of a lattice) In which every set with a lower bound has a greatest lower bound. | (math, of a category) In which all small limits exist. | (computing theory, of a problem) That is in a given complexity class and is such that every other problem in the class can be reduced to it (usually in polynomial time or logarithmic space).


lexentry: eng/complete__Adjective__1
written_rep: complete
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: zupełny
sense_list:
(logic, of a proof system of a formal system with respect to a given semantics) In which every semantically valid well-formed formula is provable.


lexentry: eng/completion__Noun__1
written_rep: completion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: uzupełnienie
sense_list:
(mathematics) The act of making a metric space complete by adding points. | (mathematics) The space resulting from such an act.


lexentry: eng/complex__Adjective__1
written_rep: complex
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: zespolony | złożony
sense_list:
(mathematics, of a number) Having the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is (by definition) the imaginary square root of −1. | (mathematics, analysis, of a function) Whose range is a subset of the complex numbers. | (mathematics, algebra) Whose coefficients are complex numbers; defined over the field of complex numbers.


lexentry: eng/complex__Noun__1
written_rep: complex
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: kompleks | złożony
sense_list:
A collection of buildings with a common purpose, such as a university or military base. | An assemblage of related things; a collection. | (informal, by extension) A vehement, often excessive psychological dislike or fear of a particular thing.


lexentry: eng/complex__Noun__1
written_rep: complex
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: kompleks | związek koordynacyjny
sense_list:
(chemistry) A structure consisting of a central atom or molecule weakly connected to surrounding atoms or molecules, as for example coordination complexes in inorganic chemistry and protein complexes in biochemistry.


lexentry: eng/complex_conjugate__Noun__1
written_rep: complex conjugate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: liczba sprzężona | sprzężenie (zespolone)
sense_list:
(mathematics) Of a complex number x, the complex number \overline x formed by changing the sign of the imaginary part: The complex conjugate of a + bi is a - bi.


lexentry: eng/complex_number__Noun__1
written_rep: complex number
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: liczba zespolona | liczby zespolone
sense_list:
(complex analysis) A number of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i denotes the imaginary unit.


lexentry: eng/complex_projective_line__Noun__1
written_rep: complex projective line
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sfera Riemanna
sense_list:
(analytic geometry, projective geometry) A complex line (especially, the set of complex numbers regarded as such) endowed with a point at infinity (thus becoming a projective line); (more, _, formally) the set of equivalence classes of ordered pairs (α, β) of complex numbers, not both zero, with respect to the equivalence relation "(α, β) ≡ (λα, λβ) for all nonzero complex λ".


lexentry: eng/complex_sentence__Noun__1
written_rep: complex sentence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zdanie złożone
sense_list:
(grammar) A sentence that contains an independent clause as well as one or more dependent clauses, such as a relative clause, an adverbial clause, or a noun clause.


lexentry: eng/compliance__Noun__1
written_rep: compliance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zgodność
sense_list:
(uncountable) The state of being compliant. | (uncountable, business) The department of a business that ensures all government regulations are complied with.


lexentry: eng/complication__Noun__1
written_rep: complication
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: komplikacja
sense_list:
The state of being complicated; intricate or confused relation of parts; complexity. | (horology) A feature beyond basic time display in a timepiece.


lexentry: eng/complication__Noun__1
written_rep: complication
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: komplikacja | powikłanie
sense_list:
(medicine) A disease or diseases, or adventitious circumstances or conditions, coexistent with and modifying a primary disease, but not necessarily connected with it.


lexentry: eng/complicity__Noun__1
written_rep: complicity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: współudział
sense_list:
The state of being complicit; involvement as a partner or accomplice, especially in a crime or other wrongdoing.


lexentry: eng/component__Noun__1
written_rep: component
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: podzespół
sense_list:
A smaller, self-contained part of a larger entity. Often refers to a manufactured object that is part of a larger device.


lexentry: eng/compose__Verb__1
written_rep: compose
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: wymyślać | wymyślić | wynajdować | wynaleźć
sense_list:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To construct by mental labor; to think up; particularly, to produce or create a literary or musical work.


lexentry: eng/composite__Adjective__1
written_rep: composite
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kombinacja norweska
sense_list:
Made up of multiple components; compound or complex. | (mathematics) Having factors other than itself and one; not prime and not one.


lexentry: eng/composite_number__Noun__1
written_rep: composite number
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: liczba złożona
sense_list:
(number theory) A (nonzero) natural number that is expressible as the product of two (or more) natural numbers other than itself and 1.


lexentry: eng/compound__Noun__2
written_rep: compound
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: związek
sense_list:
(chemistry) A substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight.


lexentry: eng/compound_bow__Noun__1
written_rep: compound bow
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: łuk bloczkowy
sense_list:
(weapons) A modern bow that uses pulleys and cables to help with the drawing and releasing of the bowstring.


lexentry: eng/compound_eye__Noun__1
written_rep: compound eye
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oko złożone | oko fasetkowe | oko mozaikowe
sense_list:
A visual organ found in arthropods such as insects and crustaceans. It consists of one to thousands of tiny independent photoreception units.


lexentry: eng/compound_interest__Noun__1
written_rep: compound interest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odsetki złożone
sense_list:
(banking, finance) Interest, as on a loan or a bank account, that is calculated on the total on the principal plus accumulated unpaid interest.


lexentry: eng/compound_sentence__Noun__1
written_rep: compound sentence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zdanie złożone
sense_list:
(grammar) A sentence that has two or more independent clauses, joined by a conjunction (such as 'but', 'and') and/or punctuation (such as ',').


lexentry: eng/compress__Noun__1
written_rep: compress
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: okład
sense_list:
(medicine) A multiply folded piece of cloth, a pouch of ice, etc., used to apply to a patient's skin, cover the dressing of wounds, and placed with the aid of a bandage to apply pressure on an injury.


lexentry: eng/compressed_air__Noun__1
written_rep: compressed air
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sprężone powietrze
sense_list:
Air which has been reduced in volume and increased in pressure for use in industrial processes or for cleaning.


lexentry: eng/compressibility__Noun__1
written_rep: compressibility
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ściśliwość
sense_list:
The degree to which something is compressible. | (thermodynamics) The product of pressure and molar volume divided by the product of the gas constant and the absolute temperature.


lexentry: eng/compression__Noun__1
written_rep: compression
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kompresja
sense_list:
An increase in density; the act of compressing, or the state of being compressed; compaction. | (computing) The process by which data is compressed.


lexentry: eng/compression__Noun__1
written_rep: compression
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kompresja | sprężenie
sense_list:
(automotive) The cycle of an internal combustion engine during which the fuel and air mixture is compressed.


lexentry: eng/comprise__Verb__1
written_rep: comprise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: składać się
sense_list:
(transitive) To be made up of; to consist of (especially a comprehensive list of parts). [from the earlier 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/comprise__Verb__1
written_rep: comprise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: zawierać
sense_list:
(patent law) To include, contain, or be made up of, defining the minimum elements, whether essential or inessential to define an invention.


lexentry: eng/compulsion__Noun__1
written_rep: compulsion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pęd
sense_list:
An irrational need or irresistible urge to perform some action, often despite negative consequences.


lexentry: eng/compulsion__Noun__1
written_rep: compulsion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: przymus
sense_list:
The use of authority, influence, or other power to force (compel) a person or persons to act. | The lawful use of violence (i.e. by the administration).


lexentry: eng/compulsory_acquisition__Noun__1
written_rep: compulsory acquisition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ekspropriacja | wywłaszczenie
sense_list:
(legal, Australia, New Zealand) The power of a state to expropriate private land within its jurisdiction for public use.


lexentry: eng/compulsory_education__Noun__1
written_rep: compulsory education
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obowiązek szkolny
sense_list:
(legal, education) A period of time in a child's life during which the child must receive schooling as required by law.


lexentry: eng/compulsory_purchase__Noun__1
written_rep: compulsory purchase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ekspropriacja | wywłaszczenie
sense_list:
(legal, UK, Ireland) The power of a state to expropriate private land within its jurisdiction for public use.


lexentry: eng/computation__Noun__1
written_rep: computation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kalkulacja
sense_list:
The act or process of computing; calculation; reckoning. | The result of computation; the amount computed.


lexentry: eng/computational_linguistics__Noun__1
written_rep: computational linguistics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: lingwistyka komputerowa
sense_list:
(linguistics, computer science) An interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical and/or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective. This modeling is not limited to any particular field of linguistics.


lexentry: eng/computed_tomography__Noun__1
written_rep: computed tomography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tomografia komputerowa
sense_list:
A form of radiography which uses computer software to create images, or slices, at various planes of depth from images taken around a body or volume of interest. Sometimes called “computerized tomography”. (The radiation used is X-rays unless otherwise specified.)


lexentry: eng/computer__Noun__1
written_rep: computer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kalkulator | kalkulatorka | rachmistrz
sense_list:
(now, rare, chiefly, historical) A person employed to perform computations; one who computes. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/computer__Noun__1
written_rep: computer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: komputer
sense_list:
A programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/computer_architecture__Noun__1
written_rep: computer architecture
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: architektura komputera
sense_list:
(computer hardware) The conceptual structure around which a given computer is designed. | (computer hardware) The science of computer design.


lexentry: eng/computer_game__Noun__1
written_rep: computer game
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gra komputerowa | gra wideo
sense_list:
An electronic game, especially a game played using a general-purpose computer (as opposed to a game console).


lexentry: eng/computer_language__Noun__1
written_rep: computer language
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: język komputerowy
sense_list:
(programming) A language that is used internally by computers, including programming languages, machine languages, query languages, markup languages etc.


lexentry: eng/computer_literacy__Noun__1
written_rep: computer literacy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zdolność do komputerów
sense_list:
(computing) The ability to operate a personal computer, including its associated hardware and software (but not necessarily to understand the underlying electronics or a programming language). [from late 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/computer_science__Noun__1
written_rep: computer science
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: informatyka
sense_list:
The study of computers and their architecture, languages, and applications, in all aspects, as well as the mathematical structures that relate to computers and computation.


lexentry: eng/computer_security__Noun__1
written_rep: computer security
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bezpieczeństwo teleinformatyczne
sense_list:
A branch of computer science that addresses enforcement of 'secure' behavior on the operation of computers.


lexentry: eng/computer_virus__Noun__1
written_rep: computer virus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wirus komputerowy
sense_list:
(computing) A program which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks and USB drives, often causing damage to systems and data.


lexentry: eng/comrade__Noun__1
written_rep: comrade
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: towarzysz | towarzyszka
sense_list:
(communism, by extension) A fellow socialist, communist or other similarly politically aligned person. [from 1884] | (communism) A non-hierarchical title, functionally similar to "Mr.", "Mrs.", "Miss", "Ms." etc, in a communist, socialist, or rarely in an Islamist state. [from 1884]


lexentry: eng/con__Noun__3
written_rep: con
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: blaga
sense_list:
(informal) A fraud; something carried out with the intention of deceiving, usually for personal, often illegal, gain.


lexentry: eng/con_artist__Noun__1
written_rep: con artist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: hochsztapler | hochsztaplerka | naciągacz | naciągaczka
sense_list:
A person who uses confidence tricks to defraud or swindle people after first gaining their trust with a series of confidence games; a scam operator, confidence trickster.


lexentry: eng/concatenation__Noun__1
written_rep: concatenation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konkatenacja
sense_list:
(countable) A series of links united; a series or order of things depending on each other, as if linked together; a chain, a succession. | (programming) A character string formed by joining multiple character strings.


lexentry: eng/conceit__Noun__1
written_rep: conceit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: pomysł
sense_list:
(countable, rhetoric, literature) An ingenious expression or metaphorical idea, especially in extended form or used as a literary or rhetorical device. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/conceited__Adjective__1
written_rep: conceited
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zarozumiały
sense_list:
Having an excessively favourable opinion of one's abilities, appearance, etc.; egotistical and vain.


lexentry: eng/conceive__Verb__1
written_rep: conceive
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zajść w ciążę
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To have a child; to become pregnant (with). | (transitive) To understand (someone).


lexentry: eng/concentrate__Verb__1
written_rep: concentrate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: skupić | koncentrować | ogniskować | skoncentrować | skupiać | ześrodkować
sense_list:
(ergative) To bring to, or direct toward, a common center; to unite more closely; to gather into one body, mass, or force.


lexentry: eng/concentrate__Verb__1
written_rep: concentrate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: stężać | stężyć | zagęszczać | zagęścić | zatężać | zatężyć
sense_list:
To increase the strength and diminish the bulk of, as of a liquid or an ore; to intensify, by getting rid of useless material; to condense.


lexentry: eng/concentration__Noun__1
written_rep: concentration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koncentracja | skupienie
sense_list:
The act, process or ability of concentrating; the process of becoming concentrated, or the state of being concentrated.


lexentry: eng/concentration__Noun__1
written_rep: concentration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koncentracja | stężenie
sense_list:
The act or process of removing the dress of ore and of reducing the valuable part to smaller compass, as by currents of air or water. | The proportion of a substance in a whole.


lexentry: eng/concentration__Noun__1
written_rep: concentration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: stężenie | koncentracja
sense_list:
(physical chemistry) The amount of solute in a solution measured in suitable units (e.g., parts per million (ppm))


lexentry: eng/concentration_camp__Noun__1
written_rep: concentration camp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: obóz koncentracyjny | kacet
sense_list:
A camp where large numbers of people, especially political prisoners, prisoners of war, refugees etc., are detained for the purpose of confining them in one place, typically with inadequate or inhumane facilities. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/concept__Noun__1
written_rep: concept
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: pojęcie | pomysł
sense_list:
Understanding retained in the mind, from experience, reasoning and imagination; a generalization (generic, basic form), or abstraction (mental impression), of a particular set of instances or occurrences (specific, though different, recorded manifestations of the concept).


lexentry: eng/conception__Noun__1
written_rep: conception
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: poczęcie | koncepcja
sense_list:
The power or faculty of apprehending of forming an idea in the mind; the power of recalling a past sensation or perception; the ability to form mental abstractions.


lexentry: eng/conceptual_art__Noun__1
written_rep: conceptual art
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sztuka konceptualna
sense_list:
A genre of art in which the transmission of ideas is more important than the creation of an art object


lexentry: eng/concern__Verb__1
written_rep: concern
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dotyczyć | martwić | tyczyć
sense_list:
(transitive) To relate or belong to; to have reference to or connection with; to affect the interest of; to be of importance to.


lexentry: eng/concert__Noun__1
written_rep: concert
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: koncert
sense_list:
(uncountable) Musical accordance or harmony; concord. | (countable) A musical performance, usually public, in which several performers or instruments take part.


lexentry: eng/concertina__Noun__1
written_rep: concertina
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koncertyna
sense_list:
A musical instrument, like the various accordions, that is a member of the free-reed family of musical instruments, typically having buttons on both ends.


lexentry: eng/concierge__Noun__1
written_rep: concierge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konsjerż
sense_list:
One who attends to the wishes of hotel guests. | (British) One who attends to the maintenance of a building and provides services to its tenants and visitors.


lexentry: eng/conciliation__Noun__1
written_rep: conciliation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koncyliacja
sense_list:
The process of bringing peace and harmony; the ending of strife. | (legal) A form of alternative dispute resolution, similar to but less formal than mediation, in which the parties bring their dispute to a neutral third party, who helps lower tensions, improve communications and explore possible solutions.


lexentry: eng/conclave__Noun__1
written_rep: conclave
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konklawe
sense_list:
A closed assembly at which cardinals elect a pope. | A group of cardinals assembled to elect a new pope. | The set of apartments in which cardinals are secluded while the process to elect a pope takes place.


lexentry: eng/conclude__Verb__1
written_rep: conclude
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konkludować
sense_list:
(intransitive) To end; to come to an end. | (obsolete) To include; to comprehend; to shut up together; to embrace; to confine.


lexentry: eng/conclusion__Noun__1
written_rep: conclusion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konkluzja | wniosek
sense_list:
The end, finish, close or last part of something. | (logic) In an argument or syllogism, the proposition that follows as a necessary consequence of the premises.


lexentry: eng/concordat__Noun__1
written_rep: concordat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konkordat
sense_list:
A formal agreement between two parties, especially between a church and a state; specifically, an agreement between the Pope and a government.


lexentry: eng/concourse__Noun__1
written_rep: concourse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: hala
sense_list:
A large open space in or in front of a building where people can gather, particularly one joining various paths, as in a rail station or airport terminal, or providing access to and linking the platforms in a railway terminus.


lexentry: eng/concrete__Adjective__1
written_rep: concrete
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konkretny
sense_list:
Real, actual, tangible. | Being or applying to actual things, rather than abstract qualities or categories. | Particular, specific, rather than general. | (obsolete) Not liquid or fluid; solid.


lexentry: eng/concrete__Noun__1
written_rep: concrete
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: beton
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) A building material created by mixing cement, water, and aggregate such as gravel and sand.


lexentry: eng/concrete_jungle__Noun__1
written_rep: concrete jungle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: betonowa dżungla
sense_list:
(idiomatic) An urban or other populated area containing a high density of buildings constructed of concrete or similar materials, especially one which lacks greenery and which seems unattractive, harsh, or unsafe.


lexentry: eng/concretion__Noun__1
written_rep: concretion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: konkrecja
sense_list:
A solid, hard mass formed by a process of aggregation or coalescence. | The action of making something concrete or the result of such an action.


lexentry: eng/concretization__Noun__1
written_rep: concretization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: konkretyzacja
sense_list:
(countable) Something specific which is the result of a process of concretizing a general principle or idea.


lexentry: eng/concretize__Verb__1
written_rep: concretize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konkretyzować | skonkretyzować
sense_list:
(transitive) To make concrete, substantial, real, or tangible; to represent or embody a concept through a particular instance or example.


lexentry: eng/concurrent__Adjective__1
written_rep: concurrent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: równoległy | współbieżny
sense_list:
(computing, of code) Designed to run independently, rather than sequentially, using various mechanisms, such as threads, event loops or time-slicing.


lexentry: eng/concussion__Noun__1
written_rep: concussion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: wstrząs mózgu | wstrząśnienie mózgu
sense_list:
(uncountable, _, in, _, Commonwealth, countable, _) An injury to part of the body, most especially the brain, caused by a violent blow, followed by loss of function.


lexentry: eng/condensation__Noun__1
written_rep: condensation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kondensacja
sense_list:
The act or process of condensing or of being condensed | The state of being condensed. | (chemistry) The reaction of two substances with the simultaneous loss of water or other small molecule.


lexentry: eng/condenser__Noun__1
written_rep: condenser
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: skraplacz | kondensator
sense_list:
(process engineering) A device designed to condense a gas into a liquid, either as part of a still, steam engine, refrigerator or similar machine.


lexentry: eng/condenser__Noun__1
written_rep: condenser
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: kondensor
sense_list:
(optics) A lens (or combination of lenses) designed to gather light and focus it onto a specimen or part of a mechanism.


lexentry: eng/condescend__Verb__1
written_rep: condescend
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: potraktować z góry | traktować z góry
sense_list:
To treat someone as though inferior; to talk down to someone; to patronize. | (nonstandard, rare) To treat (someone) as though inferior; to talk down to (someone); to patronize.


lexentry: eng/condescend__Verb__1
written_rep: condescend
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zniżać się | zniżyć się
sense_list:
To come down from a superior position and do something; to deign; (with a negative connotation) to stoop.


lexentry: eng/condition__Noun__1
written_rep: condition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: warunek
sense_list:
A requirement. | A logical clause or phrase that a conditional statement uses. The phrase can either be true or false.


lexentry: eng/conditional_probability__Noun__1
written_rep: conditional probability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prawdopodobieństwo warunkowe
sense_list:
The probability that an event will take place given the restrictive assumption that another event has taken place, or that a combination of other events has taken place. (Mathematically, the definition would be that the conditional probability of B given A is equal to the joint probability of A and B divided by the probability of A.)


lexentry: eng/condole__Verb__1
written_rep: condole
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: współczuć
sense_list:
Followed by with: to express condolence to, or sympathetic sorrow with, someone; to lament in sympathy with someone.


lexentry: eng/condolence__Noun__1
written_rep: condolence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kondolencje
sense_list:
(countable, usually, in the plural) An expression of comfort, support, or sympathy offered to the family and friends of somebody who has died.


lexentry: eng/condolences__Noun__2
written_rep: condolences
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kondolencje
sense_list:
comfort, support, or sympathy offered especially to the family and friends of somebody who has died.


lexentry: eng/condom__Noun__1
written_rep: condom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kondom | prezerwatywa
sense_list:
A flexible sleeve made of latex or other impermeable material such as polyurethane or sheepskin, worn over an erect penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as a way to prevent the spread of STIs during PIV, anal, or oral.


lexentry: eng/condominium__Noun__1
written_rep: condominium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: wspólnota mieszkaniowa
sense_list:
(US, Canada, Philippines) A building or complex of buildings that provides multiple residential units each of which is owned separately but whose grounds, structure, etc. (if any) are owned jointly. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/condone__Verb__1
written_rep: condone
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gwarantować
sense_list:
(transitive) To forgive, excuse or overlook (something that is considered morally wrong, offensive, or generally disliked). | (transitive, legal) To forgive (marital infidelity or other marital offense).


lexentry: eng/condone__Verb__1
written_rep: condone
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: akceptować
sense_list:
(transitive) To allow, accept or permit (something that is considered morally wrong, offensive, or generally disliked).


lexentry: eng/condor__Noun__1
written_rep: condor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kondor
sense_list:
Either of two New World vultures, Vultur gryphus of the Andes or Gymnogyps californianus, a nearly extinct vulture of the mountains of California. | (golf) The completion of a hole four strokes under par (a quadruple birdie, triple eagle, or double albatross).


lexentry: eng/condottiere__Noun__1
written_rep: condottiere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kondotier
sense_list:
(historical) A mercenary military leader from 14th-century Italy and later in other parts of Europe.


lexentry: eng/conduction_band__Noun__1
written_rep: conduction band
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pasmo przewodnictwa
sense_list:
(physics) The range of electron energies in an insulator or semiconductor in which electrons can move freely and transport charge.


lexentry: eng/conductor__Noun__1
written_rep: conductor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: dyrygent | dyrygentka
sense_list:
(musician) A person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble; a professional whose occupation is conducting.


lexentry: eng/cone__Noun__1
written_rep: cone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stożek
sense_list:
(geometry) A surface of revolution formed by rotating a segment of a line around another line that intersects the first line. | (geometry) A solid of revolution formed by rotating a triangle around one of its altitudes. | (topology) A space formed by taking the direct product of a given space with a closed interval and identifying all of one end to a point. | (anatomy) Any of the small cone-shaped structures in the retina.


lexentry: eng/cone_cell__Noun__1
written_rep: cone cell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czopek
sense_list:
(anatomy) Any of the photoreceptor cells in the retina that are responsible for colour vision in relatively bright light.


lexentry: eng/coneflower__Noun__1
written_rep: coneflower
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jeżówka | rudbekia
sense_list:
Any of several similar flowering plants of tribe Heliantheae in order Asterales, in genera Dracopis, Echinacea, Rudbeckia, and Ratibida, that have a cone-shaped disk of florets.


