# translation

lexentry: eng/annulus__Noun__1
written_rep: annulus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: pierścień kołowy
sense_list:
(botany) A structure surrounding a sporangium (or part of it) which shrinks and causes it to rupture for spore dispersal; specifically, in a fern: a structure around about two-thirds of the sporangium consisting of differentially thick-walled cells which dry and distort the sporangium; and in a moss: a complete ring of cells around the tip of the sporangium which dissolves to cause the tip to detach. | (geometry) The region in a plane between two concentric circles of different radii. | (topology) Any topological space homeomorphic to the region in a plane between two concentric circles of different radii.


lexentry: eng/anocracy__Noun__1
written_rep: anocracy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anokracja
sense_list:
(politics) A political system which is neither fully democratic nor fully autocratic, often being vulnerable to political instability.


lexentry: eng/anode__Noun__1
written_rep: anode
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anoda
sense_list:
(electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows inwards (and thus, electrons flow outwards). It can have either a positive or a negative voltage with respect to cathode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).


lexentry: eng/anodontia__Noun__1
written_rep: anodontia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anodoncja | bezzębie | bezzębność
sense_list:
(dentistry, teratology) The congenital absence of some or all primary or permanent teeth, caused by a rare genetic disorder.


lexentry: eng/anoint__Verb__1
written_rep: anoint
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: namaszczać
sense_list:
(transitive) To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous substance; also, to spread over, as oil. | (transitive) To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite, especially for consecration.


lexentry: eng/anomaly__Noun__1
written_rep: anomaly
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anomalia | nieprawidłowość
sense_list:
A deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as normal; an outlier. | (science) Any event or measurement that is out of the ordinary regardless of whether it is exceptional or not. | (dated) An irregularity or disproportion.


lexentry: eng/anonymous__Adjective__1
written_rep: anonymous
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anonimowy | bezimienny
sense_list:
(not comparable) Lacking a name; not named, for example an animal not assigned to any species . | (not comparable) Without any name acknowledged of a person responsible | (not comparable) Of unknown name; whose name is withheld | (comparable, figurative) Lacking individuality.


lexentry: eng/anorthosite__Noun__1
written_rep: anorthosite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anortozyt
sense_list:
(rock) A phaneritic, intrusive igneous rock characterized by a predominance of plagioclase feldspar.


lexentry: eng/anoscopy__Noun__1
written_rep: anoscopy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anoskopia
sense_list:
(medicine) An examination using a small, rigid, tubular instrument called an anoscope which is inserted into the anal canal


lexentry: eng/another__Determiner__1
written_rep: another
part_of_speech: determiner
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kolejny | następny
sense_list:
One more further, in addition to the quantity by then; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.


lexentry: eng/anoxia__Noun__1
written_rep: anoxia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anoksja
sense_list:
(ecology, pathology) A condition in which a body tissue or an environment is severely or totally deprived of oxygen; severe hypoxia.


lexentry: eng/answer__Noun__1
written_rep: answer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odpowiedź
sense_list:
A response or reply; something said or done in reaction to a statement or question. | A solution to a problem. | (legal) A document filed in response to a complaint, responding to each point raised in the complaint and raising counterpoints.


lexentry: eng/answer__Verb__1
written_rep: answer
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: odpowiadać
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To suit a need or purpose satisfactorily. | (legal) To file a document in response to a complaint.


lexentry: eng/answer__Verb__1
written_rep: answer
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 09
trans_list: odpowiadać | odpowiedzieć
sense_list:
To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; usually with to. | (obsolete) To be or act as an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay.


lexentry: eng/ant__Noun__1
written_rep: ant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mrówka
sense_list:
Any of various insects in the family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera, typically living in large colonies composed almost entirely of flightless females.


lexentry: eng/antacid__Noun__1
written_rep: antacid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwasoodporny
sense_list:
An agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity, especially in the stomach. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/antagonist__Noun__1
written_rep: antagonist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: antagonista | antagonistka
sense_list:
One who antagonizes or stirs. | (authorship) The main character or force opposing the protagonist in a literary work or drama.


lexentry: eng/antagonist__Noun__1
written_rep: antagonist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: antagonista
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A chemical that binds to a receptor but does not produce a physiological response, blocking the action of agonist chemicals. | (anatomy) A muscle that acts in opposition to another.


lexentry: eng/ante__Noun__1
written_rep: ante
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: stawka
sense_list:
(poker) In poker and other games, the contribution made by all players to the pot before dealing the cards.


lexentry: eng/anteater__Noun__1
written_rep: anteater
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mrówkojad
sense_list:
Any of several animals of South and Central America, in suborder Vermilingua, which are noted for eating ants and termites which they catch with their long sticky tongues.


lexentry: eng/antecedent__Noun__1
written_rep: antecedent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: antecedens
sense_list:
(logic) The conditional part of a hypothetical proposition, i.e. p \rightarrow q, where p is the antecedent, and q is the consequent. | (math) The first term of a ratio, i.e. the term a in the ratio a:b, the other being the consequent.


lexentry: eng/antediluvian__Adjective__1
written_rep: antediluvian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przedpotopowy
sense_list:
(biblical) Belonging or pertaining to, or existing in, the time prior to the great flood described in Genesis, or (by extension) to a great or destructive flood or deluge described in other mythologies. | Of attitudes, ideas, etc.: extremely old-fashioned, especially to a laughable extent; antiquated.


lexentry: eng/antefix__Noun__1
written_rep: antefix
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antefiks
sense_list:
(architecture) The vertical blocks which terminate the covering tiles of the roof of a Roman, Etruscan, or Greek temple.


lexentry: eng/antelope__Noun__1
written_rep: antelope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antylopa
sense_list:
Any of several African mammals of the family Bovidae distinguished by hollow horns, which, unlike deer, they do not shed.


lexentry: eng/antenna__Noun__1
written_rep: antenna
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: antena | czułek
sense_list:
An apparatus to receive or transmit electromagnetic waves and convert respectively to or from an electrical signal.


lexentry: eng/anterior_chamber__Noun__1
written_rep: anterior chamber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komora przednia gałki ocznej
sense_list:
(anatomy, ophthalmology) A space inside the eye between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humour.


lexentry: eng/anterograde_amnesia__Noun__1
written_rep: anterograde amnesia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: amnezja następowa
sense_list:
(pathology) The inability to remember new information from the period beginning the amnesic episode.


lexentry: eng/anthem__Noun__1
written_rep: anthem
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: hymn
sense_list:
A choral or vocal composition, often with a religious or political lyric. | A hymn of praise or loyalty.


lexentry: eng/antheridium__Noun__1
written_rep: antheridium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: plemnia
sense_list:
(botany, mycology) An organ producing male gametes called antherozoids, found in some algae, ferns, and bryophytes.


lexentry: eng/anthill__Noun__1
written_rep: anthill
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mrowisko
sense_list:
A cone-shaped structure built from sediment and other available materials by ants or white ants (termites), and beneath which the colony nests.


lexentry: eng/anthocyanin__Noun__1
written_rep: anthocyanin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antocyjan | antocyjanina
sense_list:
(botany, organic chemistry) Any of many water-soluble red to violet plant pigments related to the flavonoids (more noticeable in autumn after the chlorophyll decomposes)


lexentry: eng/anthodium__Noun__1
written_rep: anthodium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koszyczek
sense_list:
(botany) The inflorescence of a compound flower in which many florets are gathered into an involucrate head.


lexentry: eng/anthology__Noun__1
written_rep: anthology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antologia
sense_list:
A collection of literary works, such as poems or short stories, especially a collection from various authors.


lexentry: eng/anthracene__Noun__1
written_rep: anthracene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antracen
sense_list:
(organic compound) A tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (an acene containing three fused rings) obtained from coal tar; used in the manufacture of wood preservatives, insecticides and the dye alizarin; it is isomeric with phenanthrene.


lexentry: eng/anthrax__Noun__1
written_rep: anthrax
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wąglik | antraks
sense_list:
(pathology) An acute infectious disease of herbivores, especially sheep and cattle, caused by Bacillus anthracis.


lexentry: eng/anthropocentric__Adjective__1
written_rep: anthropocentric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropocentryczny
sense_list:
Placing humans at the center of something, giving preference to humans above all other considerations.


lexentry: eng/anthropocentrism__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropocentrism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropocentryzm
sense_list:
A viewpoint or theory that places human beings at the center of everything, giving preference to human beings above all other considerations.


lexentry: eng/anthropogenic__Adjective__1
written_rep: anthropogenic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropogeniczny
sense_list:
Pertaining to the origin of man, or anthropogeny. | Having its origin in the influence of human activity on nature.


lexentry: eng/anthropogeography__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropogeography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropogeografia
sense_list:
(anthropology) The study of the geographical distribution of humankind and the relationship between human beings and their environment


lexentry: eng/anthropography__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropografia
sense_list:
The branch of anthropology that deals with the geographical distribution of the human race in its different divisions, as distinguished by physical character, language, institutions, and customs, in contradistinction to ethnography, which deals historically with the origin and filiation of races and nations.


lexentry: eng/anthropology__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropologia
sense_list:
The scientific study of humans, systematically describing the ethnographic, linguistic, archaeological, and evolutionary dimensions of humanity using a holistic methodological framework.


lexentry: eng/anthropometry__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropometria
sense_list:
The science of measuring the human body to ascertain the ranges and averages of dimensions of the human form, for various purposes including physical anthropology, epidemiology, the ergonomics of industrial design, and so on.


lexentry: eng/anthroposcopy__Noun__1
written_rep: anthroposcopy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antroposkopia
sense_list:
A form of anthropology based upon visual observation of the physical characteristics of the human body.


lexentry: eng/anthroposophy__Noun__1
written_rep: anthroposophy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: antropozofia
sense_list:
A philosophy founded in the early 20th century by the esotericist Rudolf Steiner (also capitalized as Anthroposophy), postulating the existence of an objective, intellectually comprehensible spiritual world accessible to direct experience through inner development.


lexentry: eng/anthropozoonosis__Noun__1
written_rep: anthropozoonosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antropozoonoza
sense_list:
(pathology) Any pathogen that is transmitted from animals to humans. Specifically, it refers to infections that primarily affect animals but can be naturally transmitted to humans.


lexentry: eng/anthurium__Noun__1
written_rep: anthurium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anturium
sense_list:
Any of several tropical American evergreen plants, of the genus Anthurium, grown for their ornamental leaves and spathes.


lexentry: eng/anti-Semitism__Noun__1
written_rep: anti-Semitism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antysemityzm
sense_list:
(narrower sense) Prejudice, discrimination, hostility or political or religious opposition directed against ethnic or religious Jews or against Judaism; antijudaism; judeophobia.


lexentry: eng/anti-gravity__Noun__1
written_rep: anti-gravity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antygrawitacja
sense_list:
(science fiction) Any concept, system or device that would oppose or cancel out the force of gravity.


lexentry: eng/anti-story__Noun__1
written_rep: anti-story
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antypowieść
sense_list:
(literature) A work of fiction in which the author breaks in some way the conventional rules of storytelling, usually with some feature (for example, a lack of plot or characters, unusual punctuation, odd subject or presentation, etc.) that strongly challenges the reader's expectations.


lexentry: eng/antiatom__Noun__1
written_rep: antiatom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyatom
sense_list:
(particle physics) An antiparticle composed of antiprotons, antineutrons, and positrons. An antimatter equivalent of the atom.


lexentry: eng/antibacchius__Noun__1
written_rep: antibacchius
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antybakch
sense_list:
(poetry) A rare metrical foot consisting of two accented syllables followed by one unaccented syllable.


lexentry: eng/antibiosis__Noun__1
written_rep: antibiosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antybioza
sense_list:
(ecology) An association between organisms that is detrimental (harmful) to one or more of them; especially that due to a metabolic substance produced by one of them.


lexentry: eng/antibiotic__Noun__1
written_rep: antibiotic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antybiotyk
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms, generally transported by the lymphatic system.


lexentry: eng/anticenter__Noun__1
written_rep: anticenter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antycentrum
sense_list:
(astronomy) The point in the sky opposite to that of the centre of the galaxy (when viewed from Earth) | (geology) antiepicenter


lexentry: eng/antichlor__Noun__1
written_rep: antichlor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antychlor
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any substance used to remove excess chlorine or hypochlorite from textiles etc after bleaching; typically sodium thiosulfate.


lexentry: eng/anticipation__Noun__1
written_rep: anticipation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oczekiwanie
sense_list:
The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in natural order.


lexentry: eng/anticipation__Noun__1
written_rep: anticipation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: antycypacja
sense_list:
(music) A non-harmonic tone that is lower or higher than a note in the previous chord and a unison to a note in the next chord.


lexentry: eng/anticlimax__Noun__1
written_rep: anticlimax
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antygradacja | antyklimaks
sense_list:
(narratology) An unsatisfying resolution to a narrative, usually owing to a deus ex machina or similarly trivial resolution of the main conflict. | (rhetoric) An abrupt descent (either deliberate or unintentional) from the dignity of the idea which the speaker or writer appeared to be aiming for.


lexentry: eng/anticlockwise__Adjective__1
written_rep: anticlockwise
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: lewoskrętny | przeciwny do ruchu wskazówek zegara
sense_list:
(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, of movement) In a circular fashion so as to be moving to the left at the top of the circle and to the right at the bottom (when viewed from the front), in the opposite direction to the hands of an analog clock.


lexentry: eng/antidisestablishmentarianism__Noun__1
written_rep: antidisestablishmentarianism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antydisestablishmentaryzm
sense_list:
A political philosophy opposed to the separation of a religious group (church) and a government (state), especially the belief held by those in 19th-century England opposed to separating the Anglican church from the civil government or to refer to separation of church and state. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/antienzyme__Noun__1
written_rep: antienzyme
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyenzym
sense_list:
Any substance, especially an antibody or another enzyme, that counteracts the effects of a specific enzyme


lexentry: eng/antiferroelectric__Adjective__1
written_rep: antiferroelectric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyferroelektryczny
sense_list:
(physics) Describing a state in which dipoles are arranged antiparallel to adjacent ones, resulting in a net zero polarization


lexentry: eng/antiferromagnetism__Noun__1
written_rep: antiferromagnetism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyferromagnetyzm
sense_list:
(physics) a phenomenon, similar to ferromagnetism, in which magnetic domains line up in a regular pattern, but with neighbouring electron spins pointing in opposite directions; materials showing this effect are either ferrimagnetic or diamagnetic, and become paramagnetic above the Neel temperature


lexentry: eng/antifragility__Noun__1
written_rep: antifragility
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antydelikatność
sense_list:
The ability of a system to benefit and grow from a certain class of random events, errors, and volatility.


lexentry: eng/antihero__Noun__1
written_rep: antihero
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antybohater | antybohaterka
sense_list:
(literature, RPG) A protagonist who proceeds in an unheroic manner, such as by criminal means, via cowardly actions, or for mercenary goals.


lexentry: eng/antihistamine__Noun__1
written_rep: antihistamine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: lek antyhistaminowy
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug or substance that counteracts the effects of a histamine. Commonly used to alleviate the symptoms of hay fever and other allergies.


lexentry: eng/antihydrogen__Noun__1
written_rep: antihydrogen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antywodór
sense_list:
(particle, uncountable) The antimatter equivalent of hydrogen, consisting of an antiproton and a positron (antielectron).


lexentry: eng/antiking__Noun__1
written_rep: antiking
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antykról
sense_list:
(politics) One who declares himself king in opposition to a reigning monarch, especially in an electoral monarchy.


lexentry: eng/antiliterature__Noun__1
written_rep: antiliterature
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyliteratura
sense_list:
(literature) Written works that deliberately avoid the typical conventions of literature, such as antinovels, antiplays and antipoems.


lexentry: eng/antilogy__Noun__1
written_rep: antilogy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antylogia | oksymoron
sense_list:
(rhetoric) A contradiction in related terms or ideas. Usually an inconsistency in syllogisms, of a person or group supposedly of one set of ideals.


lexentry: eng/antimetabole__Noun__1
written_rep: antimetabole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antymetabola | antymetalepsja | antymetateza
sense_list:
(rhetoric) The technique of repeating a phrase while reversing the order of certain elements or its grammatical structure, as a form of juxtaposition.


lexentry: eng/antimetabolite__Noun__1
written_rep: antimetabolite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antymetabolit
sense_list:
(medicine) Any substance that competes with, or inhibits the normal metabolic process, often by acting as an analogue of an essential metabolite.


lexentry: eng/antimetathesis__Noun__1
written_rep: antimetathesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: antymetabola | antymetalepsja | antymetateza
sense_list:
The inversion of the parts of an antithesis, as in "A poem is a speaking picture; a picture, a mute poem" (Crabbe).


lexentry: eng/antimony__Noun__1
written_rep: antimony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antymon
sense_list:
A chemical element (symbol Sb, from Latin stibium) with an atomic number of 51: in its stable allotrope, a lustrous gray and very brittle metal.


lexentry: eng/antinatalism__Noun__1
written_rep: antinatalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antynatalizm
sense_list:
(philosophy) A family of philosophical views that are critical of reproduction and that consider coming into existence as evil or deem procreation as immoral.


lexentry: eng/antinational__Adjective__1
written_rep: antinational
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antynarodowy
sense_list:
(politics) Opposed to one's own nation; unpatriotic. | (politics) Opposed to purely national concerns; not founded on the idea of the nation.


lexentry: eng/antinaturalism__Noun__1
written_rep: antinaturalism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antynaturalizm
sense_list:
(sociology) The view that the natural world and the social world are different, related to antipositivism.


lexentry: eng/anting__Noun__1
written_rep: anting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mrówkowanie | kąpiel mrówkowa
sense_list:
(ornithology) The practice of some birds of rubbing live ants or occasionally other items into the feathers, possibly as a means of controlling parasites.


lexentry: eng/antinicotinic__Adjective__1
written_rep: antinicotinic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antynikotynowy
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical effect) That inhibits the actions of nicotine and nicotine-like agents on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors


lexentry: eng/antinode__Noun__1
written_rep: antinode
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: brzuch
sense_list:
(physics) A region of maximum amplitude situated between adjacent nodes of a vibrating body, such as a string.


lexentry: eng/antinomianism__Noun__1
written_rep: antinomianism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antynomizm
sense_list:
(Christianity) The belief or teaching that because only the spiritual "law of faith" (Romans 3:27) is essential for salvation, obedience to any practical or moral law has no role to play, even as a guide to conduct or as a test of the genuineness of faith.


lexentry: eng/antinomy__Noun__1
written_rep: antinomy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: antynomia | sprzeczność
sense_list:
(specifically, epistemology, logic) In the thought of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804): an apparent contradiction between valid conclusions; a paradox.


lexentry: eng/antinuclear__Adjective__1
written_rep: antinuclear
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antynuklearny
sense_list:
Opposed to the production or use of nuclear weapons, or opposed to the generation of electricity from nuclear power.


lexentry: eng/antiparticle__Noun__1
written_rep: antiparticle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antycząstka
sense_list:
(particle) A subatomic particle corresponding to another particle with the same mass, spin and mean lifetime but with charge, parity, strangeness and other quantum numbers flipped in sign; a particle that has a reversed world line to another.


lexentry: eng/antipasto__Noun__1
written_rep: antipasto
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antypast
sense_list:
An Italian starter for a meal; normally a cold assortment of salami, cheese, seafood and vegetables.


lexentry: eng/antipathy__Noun__1
written_rep: antipathy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antypatia
sense_list:
(uncountable) Often followed by against, between, for, or to: a (deep) feeling of dislike or repugnance, normally towards a person and less often towards a thing, often without any conscious reasoning; aversion, distaste, hostility; (countable) an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/antiperspirant__Noun__1
written_rep: antiperspirant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyperspirant
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) A substance used to minimize sweating or perspiration, and usually applied to the underarm area.


lexentry: eng/antiphonal__Adjective__1
written_rep: antiphonal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyfonalny
sense_list:
(music) Characterized by antiphones or antiphony; incorporating alternate, or responsive singing by a choir split into two parts.


lexentry: eng/antiphony__Noun__1
written_rep: antiphony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyfona
sense_list:
(music, singing) Alternate, or responsive singing by a choir split into two parts; a piece sung or chanted in this manner.


lexentry: eng/antiphrasis__Noun__1
written_rep: antiphrasis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyfraza
sense_list:
(rhetoric) Use of a word or phrase in a sense not in accord with its literal meaning, especially for ironic or humorous effect; especially, use of an antonym with synonymic intent.


lexentry: eng/antipodes__Noun__1
written_rep: antipodes
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antypody
sense_list:
The place on the diametrically opposite side of the earth from a given point. | (UK, now, rare) Australia and New Zealand. | (figuratively, by extension) The opposite of something.


lexentry: eng/antipope__Noun__1
written_rep: antipope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antypapież
sense_list:
(Christianity) A person who claims or claimed to be the pope, usually as the result of a disputed election or deposition, but is not considered by the Roman Catholic Church to be the real pope.


lexentry: eng/antiprism__Noun__1
written_rep: antiprism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antygraniastosłup
sense_list:
A polyhedron composed of two parallel copies of some particular polygon, connected by an alternating band of triangles.


lexentry: eng/antiquary__Noun__1
written_rep: antiquary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antykwariusz | antykwarz | archaista
sense_list:
A person who is knowledgeable of, or who collects antiques (especially one holding an official position); an antiquarian.


lexentry: eng/antique__Adjective__1
written_rep: antique
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyczny
sense_list:
Having existed in ancient times, descended from antiquity; used especially in reference to Greece and Rome. | Belonging to former times, not modern, out of date, old-fashioned.


lexentry: eng/antique_shop__Noun__1
written_rep: antique shop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antykwariat | antykwarnia
sense_list:
(retail) A business dedicated to storing, selling, restoring, and trading in items from previous eras for their superficial and historical value, especially furniture and trinkets.


lexentry: eng/antiquity__Noun__1
written_rep: antiquity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: starożytność | antyk
sense_list:
Ancient times; faraway history; former ages. | The people of ancient times. | (often, constructed as an uncountable plural) A relic or monument of ancient times, such as a coin, a statue, etc.; an ancient institution.


lexentry: eng/antiquity__Noun__1
written_rep: antiquity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: starożytność
sense_list:
(history) The historical period preceding the Middle Ages (c. 500-1500), primarily relating to European history.


lexentry: eng/antirealism__Noun__1
written_rep: antirealism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyrealizm
sense_list:
(philosophy) Any position involving denial of the objective reality of certain entities, or denial that certain general statements are objectively either true or false.


lexentry: eng/antisepsis__Noun__1
written_rep: antisepsis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyseptyka
sense_list:
(hygiene) The science and practice of countering microbial infection, as with the use of antiseptics, and the use of aseptic technique.


lexentry: eng/antiseptic__Noun__1
written_rep: antiseptic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyseptyk | środek antyseptyczny
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Generally includes only those that are used on living objects (as opposed to disinfectants) and aren't transported by the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria in the body (as opposed to antibiotics).


lexentry: eng/antisocial_personality_disorder__Noun__1
written_rep: antisocial personality disorder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: osobowość dyssocjalna
sense_list:
(psychology) A personality disorder marked by antisocial behavior, a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.


lexentry: eng/antistrophe__Noun__1
written_rep: antistrophe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antystrofa
sense_list:
In Greek choruses and dances, the returning of the chorus, exactly answering to a previous strophe or movement from right to left.


lexentry: eng/antisymmetric__Adjective__1
written_rep: antisymmetric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antysymetryczny
sense_list:
(set theory, order theory, of a binary relation R on a set S) Having the property that, for any two distinct elements of S, at least one is not related to the other via R; equivalently, having the property that, for any x, y ∈ S, if both xRy and yRx then x=y. | (linear algebra, of certain mathematical objects) Whose sign changes on the application of a matrix transpose or some generalisation thereof:


lexentry: eng/antiterrorism__Noun__1
written_rep: antiterrorism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antyterroryzm
sense_list:
(law enforcement, military, often, attributive) Activity aiming at opposing or preventing terrorism.


lexentry: eng/antithetical__Adjective__1
written_rep: antithetical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antytetyczny
sense_list:
Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature of, antithesis; contrasted.


lexentry: eng/antitrinitarian__Adjective__1
written_rep: antitrinitarian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antytrynitarski
sense_list:
(theology) Rejecting the Trinitarian doctrine that God subsists as three distinct Persons in the single substance of the Holy Trinity.


lexentry: eng/antitrinitarianism__Noun__1
written_rep: antitrinitarianism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antytrynitaryzm
sense_list:
(theology) Rejection of the Trinitarian doctrine that God subsists as three distinct persons in the single substance of the Holy Trinity; nontrinitarianism.


lexentry: eng/antitrust__Adjective__1
written_rep: antitrust
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antymonopolowy
sense_list:
(legal) Opposed to or against the establishment or existence of trusts (monopolies), usually referring to legislation.


lexentry: eng/antitype__Noun__1
written_rep: antitype
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antytyp
sense_list:
Something that is symbolized or represented by a type, such as Christ by the Paschal Lamb; the fulfillment of a type.


lexentry: eng/antivenom__Noun__1
written_rep: antivenom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antytoksyna | przeciwjad
sense_list:
(medicine) A medicine that counteracts venom, an antidote to biological poisons from venomous animals such as snakes and spiders.


lexentry: eng/antivirus__Noun__1
written_rep: antivirus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antywirus
sense_list:
(computing) A piece of software that is used to detect, delete and or neutralize computer-based viruses.


lexentry: eng/antler__Noun__1
written_rep: antler
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: poroże | róg
sense_list:
A deciduous branching and bony structure on the head of deer, moose and elk, normally in pairs. They are grown and shed each year. (Compare with horn, which is generally not shed.)


lexentry: eng/antlion__Noun__1
written_rep: antlion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mrówkolew
sense_list:
Any of various species of insects, many of them nocturnal, in the family Myrmeleontidae. The adults superficially resemble the unrelated damselflies. The larvae bury themselves in sand below a cone-shaped pit in which they trap insects such as ants.


lexentry: eng/anus__Noun__1
written_rep: anus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odbyt
sense_list:
(anatomy) The orifice of the rectum in most mammals, teleost fish, and many invertebrates, through which feces and flatus are ejected.


lexentry: eng/anvil__Noun__1
written_rep: anvil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kowadło
sense_list:
A heavy iron block used in the blacksmithing trade as a surface upon which metal can be struck and shaped.


lexentry: eng/anxiety__Noun__1
written_rep: anxiety
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: niepokój | trwoga
sense_list:
An unpleasant state of mental uneasiness, nervousness, apprehension and obsession or concern about some uncertain event.


lexentry: eng/anxiety__Noun__1
written_rep: anxiety
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: lęk
sense_list:
(pathology) A state of restlessness and agitation, often accompanied by a distressing sense of oppression or tightness in the stomach.


lexentry: eng/anxious__Adjective__1
written_rep: anxious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zaniepokojony
sense_list:
Having a feeling of anxiety or disquietude; extremely concerned, especially about something that will happen in the future or that is unknown.


lexentry: eng/any__Determiner__1
written_rep: any
part_of_speech: determiner
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jakiś | żaden
sense_list:
(negative polarity item, or, interrogative, chiefly with plural or uncountable nouns) One at all; at least one; at least one kind of; some; a positive quantity of.


lexentry: eng/any_other_business__Phrase__1
written_rep: any other business
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jakieś inne sprawy
sense_list:
The last item on the agenda for a meeting, when any matter not already dealt with may be raised. Abbreviations: a.o.b., AOB.


lexentry: eng/any_port_in_a_storm__Proverb__1
written_rep: any port in a storm
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: każda pomoc jest dobra
sense_list:
(idiomatic) One should accept any passable option when time is of the essence in an adverse situation.


lexentry: eng/aorist__Noun__1
written_rep: aorist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aoryst
sense_list:
(grammar) A verb paradigm found in certain languages, usually an unmarked form or one that expresses the perfective or aorist aspect.


lexentry: eng/aorist_aspect__Noun__1
written_rep: aorist aspect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aoryst
sense_list:
(grammar) A temporal feature of the verb which denotes the speaker's standpoint of the event described by the verb, as from outside of the event and seeing it as a completed whole.


lexentry: eng/aorta__Noun__1
written_rep: aorta
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aorta
sense_list:
(anatomy) The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.


lexentry: eng/aortic_arch__Noun__1
written_rep: aortic arch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: łuk aorty
sense_list:
(anatomy) The curving portion of the aorta that bends between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta, from which the brachiocephalic artery, left carotid artery, and left subclavian artery arise.


lexentry: eng/apanage__Noun__1
written_rep: apanage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apanaże
sense_list:
(historical) A grant (especially by a sovereign) of land (or other source of revenue) as a birthright.


lexentry: eng/apartment__Noun__1
written_rep: apartment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mieszkanie
sense_list:
(chiefly, North America, Australia, Philippines) A complete domicile occupying only part of a building, especially one for rent; a flat.


lexentry: eng/apastron__Noun__1
written_rep: apastron
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apastron
sense_list:
(astronomy) The point of greatest separation between a celestial object and the star which it orbits.


lexentry: eng/apatheia__Noun__1
written_rep: apatheia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apatia
sense_list:
(philosophy) A state of mind in Stoic philosophy in which one is free from emotional disturbance; the freedom from all passions.


lexentry: eng/apatheism__Noun__1
written_rep: apatheism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apateizm
sense_list:
(religion) Apathy towards the existence of a god; belief that the question of the existence of a god is unimportant.


lexentry: eng/apathy__Noun__1
written_rep: apathy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apatia | tępota
sense_list:
Lack of emotion or motivation; lack of interest or enthusiasm towards something; disinterest (in something).


lexentry: eng/apatite__Noun__1
written_rep: apatite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apatyt
sense_list:
(mineral) A calcium fluoride phosphate of variable composition, sometimes used in the manufacture of fertilizer, as a gemstone, and (in powdered form) as a pigment, and also produced biologically in bones and teeth.


lexentry: eng/ape__Noun__1
written_rep: ape
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: małpa | małpa człekokształtna
sense_list:
A primate of the clade Hominoidea, generally larger than monkeys and distinguished from them by having no tail.


lexentry: eng/apeman__Noun__1
written_rep: apeman
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pitekantrop
sense_list:
A prehistoric man resembling an ape, especially one held to be a precursor to modern humans; a non-human australopithecine.


lexentry: eng/aperture__Noun__1
written_rep: aperture
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: apertura | przesłona | przysłona
sense_list:
(astronomy, photography) The diameter of such a hole which restricts the width of the lightpath through the whole system. For a telescope, this is the diameter of the objective lens.


lexentry: eng/apex__Noun__1
written_rep: apex
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apeks
sense_list:
(astronomy) The point on the celestial sphere toward which the Sun appears to move relative to nearby stars.


lexentry: eng/apex__Noun__1
written_rep: apex
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szczyt
sense_list:
(botany) The end of a leaf, petal or similar organ opposed to the end where it is attached to its support.


lexentry: eng/aphanitic__Adjective__1
written_rep: aphanitic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: afanitowy
sense_list:
(geology, petrology) Pertaining to aphanites, igneous rocks composed of microscopic mineral crystals (fine grains too small to be visible to the naked eye.


lexentry: eng/aphasia__Noun__1
written_rep: aphasia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: afazja
sense_list:
(pathology) A partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage. Usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including Broca's area and Wernicke's area, causes aphasia.


lexentry: eng/aphelion__Noun__1
written_rep: aphelion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aphelium | afelium
sense_list:
(astronomy, also, figuratively) The point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, planet, or other astronomical object, where it is farthest from the Sun.


lexentry: eng/apheresis__Noun__1
written_rep: apheresis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: afereza
sense_list:
(phonetics, linguistics, prosody) Elision, suppression, or complete loss of a letter or sound (syllable) from the beginning of a word, such as the development of special from especial; procope.


lexentry: eng/aphotic__Adjective__1
written_rep: aphotic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: afotyczny
sense_list:
Having no light, especially no sunlight; specifically (biology, oceanography) describing that part of deep lakes and oceans where less than one per cent of sunlight penetrates and where photosynthesis is not possible.


lexentry: eng/aphotic_zone__Noun__1
written_rep: aphotic zone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: strefa afotyczna
sense_list:
(oceanography) That part of the deep body of an ocean or lake that receives insufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to be possible.


lexentry: eng/aplanat__Noun__1
written_rep: aplanat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aplanat
sense_list:
(optics) A lens that has been corrected for spherical aberration and coma in order to produce a rectilinear image.


lexentry: eng/aplanatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: aplanatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aplanatyczny
sense_list:
(optics, of an optical system) Free from, or corrected for, spherical aberration and chromatic aberration


lexentry: eng/aplasia__Noun__1
written_rep: aplasia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aplazja
sense_list:
(pathology) A condition marked by the incomplete development, or entire absence, of an organ or tissue.


lexentry: eng/aplastic_anemia__Noun__1
written_rep: aplastic anemia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: anemia aplastyczna | niedokrwistość aplastyczna
sense_list:
(disease, hematology) A rare disease in which the bone marrow and the hematopoietic stem cells that reside there are damaged, causing pancytopenia.


lexentry: eng/aplomb__Noun__1
written_rep: aplomb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aplomb
sense_list:
Self-confidence; poise; composure. | (ballet) The apparent elegance and precision exhibited by a confident, accomplished dancer.


lexentry: eng/apnea__Noun__1
written_rep: apnea
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bezdech
sense_list:
(pathology) The cessation of breathing, most often in reference to transient instances thereof during sleep.


lexentry: eng/apocalypse__Noun__1
written_rep: apocalypse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: apokalipsa | objawienie
sense_list:
(Christianity) The unveiling of events prophesied in the Revelation; the second coming and the end of life on Earth; global destruction. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/apocatastasis__Noun__1
written_rep: apocatastasis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apokatastaza
sense_list:
(especially, religion, rare) An apocalypse leading to the remaking of the world rather than a Final Judgment, (Christianity) an Origenist doctrine condemned by the 543 C.E. Synod of Constantinople.


lexentry: eng/apocrypha__Noun__1
written_rep: apocrypha
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apokryf
sense_list:
Something, as a writing, that is of doubtful authorship or authority (formerly also used attributively).


lexentry: eng/apocryphal__Adjective__1
written_rep: apocryphal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apokryficzny | apokryfowy
sense_list:
(Christianity) Of, or pertaining to, the Apocrypha. | (by extension) Of dubious veracity; of questionable accuracy or truthfulness; anecdotal or in the nature of an urban legend.


lexentry: eng/apogee__Noun__1
written_rep: apogee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apogeum
sense_list:
(astronomy) The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is farthest from the Earth: the apoapsis of an Earth orbiter.


lexentry: eng/apolipoprotein__Noun__1
written_rep: apolipoprotein
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apolipoproteina
sense_list:
(protein) Any polypeptide or protein that can serve as an apoprotein by binding with a lipid to form a lipoprotein.


lexentry: eng/apologetics__Noun__1
written_rep: apologetics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apologetyka
sense_list:
The field of study concerned with the systematic defense of a position, or of religious or occult doctrines


lexentry: eng/apologize__Verb__1
written_rep: apologize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przepraszać | apologizować | przeprosić
sense_list:
(intransitive, often followed by “for”) To make an apology or excuse; to acknowledge some fault or offense, with expression of regret for it, by way of amends | (intransitive, dated) To make an apologia or defense; to act as apologist.


lexentry: eng/apology__Noun__1
written_rep: apology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przeprosiny | przeproszenie
sense_list:
An expression of remorse or regret for having said or done something that harmed another: an instance of apologizing (saying that one is sorry).


lexentry: eng/apomixis__Noun__1
written_rep: apomixis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: apomiksja
sense_list:
(botany) Plant reproduction without fertilization, meiosis, or the production of gametes. | (zoology) Animal reproduction in which the egg cell does not undergo meiosis or fertilization.


lexentry: eng/apophatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: apophatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apofatyczny
sense_list:
(theology) Pertaining to knowledge of God obtained through negation rather than positive assertions.


lexentry: eng/apophysis__Noun__1
written_rep: apophysis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apofiza
sense_list:
(anatomy) A natural outgrowth, swelling or enlargement, usually of an organism; a protuberance on a bone. | (botany) The external part of a cone scale. | (geology) A branch of a dike or vein.


lexentry: eng/apoptosis__Noun__1
written_rep: apoptosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apoptoza
sense_list:
(biology, cytology) A process of programmed cell death by which cells undergo an ordered sequence of events which leads to death of the cell, as occurs during growth and development of the organism, as a part of normal cell aging, or as a response to cellular injury. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/aporia__Noun__1
written_rep: aporia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aporia
sense_list:
(rhetoric) An expression of deliberation with oneself regarding uncertainty or doubt as to how to proceed. | (philosophy, post-structuralism) An insoluble contradiction, especially in a text's meaning; a logical impasse suggested by a text or speaker.


lexentry: eng/aposematism__Noun__1
written_rep: aposematism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aposematyczne | ubarwienie ostrzegawcze
sense_list:
(biology, chiefly, zoology) An adaptation, especially a form of coloration, that warns off potential predators.


lexentry: eng/aposiopesis__Noun__1
written_rep: aposiopesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aposjopeza | apozjopeza
sense_list:
(rhetoric) An abrupt breaking-off in speech, often indicated in print using an ellipsis (…) or an em dash (—).


lexentry: eng/apostle__Noun__1
written_rep: apostle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apostoł | apostołka
sense_list:
A missionary, or leader of a religious mission, especially one in the early Christian Church (but see Apostle).


lexentry: eng/apostle__Noun__1
written_rep: apostle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: apostoł
sense_list:
A top-ranking ecclesiastical official in the twelve seat administrative council of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.


lexentry: eng/apostolic__Adjective__1
written_rep: apostolic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apostolski | papieski
sense_list:
(Christianity) Pertaining to apostles or their practice or teaching; pertaining to the apostles (of early Christianity) or their teachings.


lexentry: eng/apostolic_succession__Noun__1
written_rep: apostolic succession
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sukcesja apostolska
sense_list:
(Christianity) The unbroken chain of consecrations by laying on of hands from the Apostles of Jesus Christ to the bishops, and from to bishop to bishop through the ages.


lexentry: eng/apostrophe__Noun__1
written_rep: apostrophe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apostrof | apostrofa
sense_list:
(orthography) The text character ’, which serves as a punctuation mark in various languages and as a diacritical mark in certain rare contexts.


lexentry: eng/apostrophe__Noun__2
written_rep: apostrophe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apostrofa
sense_list:
(rhetoric) A sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent.


lexentry: eng/apothecium__Noun__1
written_rep: apothecium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apotecjum | miseczka
sense_list:
(lichenology & mycology) A type of fructification of some ascomycete fungi, forming cyst structures of various shapes. Often the fungal components of lichens have this sort of fertile structure.


lexentry: eng/apothem__Noun__1
written_rep: apothem
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apotema
sense_list:
(geometry) The perpendicular distance from the center of a circle to a chord of the same circle. | (geometry) The distance from the center of a regular polygon perpendicular to one of its sides (a special case of the above).


lexentry: eng/apotropaism__Noun__1
written_rep: apotropaism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apotropaizm
sense_list:
(religion, mysticism) The use of ritual or other magical means (including charms and/or incantations) to avert evil or bad luck.


lexentry: eng/app__Noun__1
written_rep: app
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apka | aplikacja
sense_list:
(computing, mobile phones) An application (program), especially a small one designed for a mobile device.


lexentry: eng/apparatchik__Noun__1
written_rep: apparatchik
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aparatczyk
sense_list:
(historical) A member of the Soviet apparat; a Communist bureaucrat or agent. [from 20th c.] | (by extension) A blindly loyal bureaucrat. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/apparatus__Noun__1
written_rep: apparatus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aparat | aparatura | instrumentarium
sense_list:
The entirety of means whereby a specific production is made existent or task accomplished. | (collective) An assortment of tools and instruments.


lexentry: eng/apparatus__Noun__1
written_rep: apparatus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: aparat
sense_list:
A complex machine or instrument. | A bureaucratic organization, especially one influenced by political patronage.


lexentry: eng/apparent__Adjective__1
written_rep: apparent
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: pozorny
sense_list:
Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished from, but not necessarily opposed to, true or real); seeming.


lexentry: eng/apparition__Noun__1
written_rep: apparition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: zjawa
sense_list:
An unexpected, wonderful, or preternatural appearance; especially something such as a ghost or phantom.


lexentry: eng/appeal__Noun__1
written_rep: appeal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apelacja | rewizja
sense_list:
An application to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.


lexentry: eng/appeal__Verb__1
written_rep: appeal
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apelować | odwołać się | odwoływać się | zaapelować
sense_list:
(intransitive) Often followed by against (the inferior court's decision) or to (the superior court): to apply to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.


lexentry: eng/appeal__Verb__1
written_rep: appeal
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: apelować | podobać się | spodobać się | zaapelować
sense_list:
(intransitive) To call upon a person or an authority to corroborate a statement, to decide a controverted question, or to vindicate one's rights; to entreat, to invoke.


lexentry: eng/appear__Verb__1
written_rep: appear
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: stanąć | stawić się
sense_list:
(intransitive) To stand in presence of some authority, tribunal, or superior person, to answer a charge, plead a cause, etc.; to present oneself as a party or advocate before a court, or as a person to be tried.


lexentry: eng/appearance__Noun__1
written_rep: appearance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: wygląd | aparycja | powierzchowność
sense_list:
(legal) An instance of someone coming into a court of law to be part of a trial, lawsuit or other proceeding, either in person or represented by an attorney or such like; a court appearance


lexentry: eng/appellate__Adjective__1
written_rep: appellate
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apelacyjny
sense_list:
That can be (legally) appealed to, especially of a court that hears appeals of decisions by a lower court.


lexentry: eng/apperceive__Verb__1
written_rep: apperceive
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: apercepcja
sense_list:
(psychology) To be aware of perceiving; to understand a perception by linking it mentally with a mass of existing ideas of the same object.


lexentry: eng/apperception__Noun__1
written_rep: apperception
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apercepcja
sense_list:
(uncountable, psychology, and, philosophy, especially Kantianism) The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own states, unifying past and present experiences; self-consciousness, perception that reflects upon itself. | (uncountable) Psychological or mental perception; recognition.


lexentry: eng/apperception__Noun__1
written_rep: apperception
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: apercepcja | samoświadomość
sense_list:
(countable, psychology) The general process or a particular act of mental assimilation of new experience into the totality of one's past experience.


lexentry: eng/applause__Noun__1
written_rep: applause
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aplauz | poklask | oklaski | brawa
sense_list:
The act of applauding; approbation and praise publicly expressed by the clapping of hands, stamping or tapping of the feet, acclamation, huzzas, or other means; marked commendation.


lexentry: eng/apple-corer__Noun__1
written_rep: apple-corer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: drylownica do jabłek | wydrążacz do jabłek
sense_list:
A tool used to remove the apple core from an apple for use in cooking; some forms of the tool segment the apple at the same time as removing its core.


lexentry: eng/apple__Noun__1
written_rep: apple
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jabłko
sense_list:
(Christianity) According to postbiblical Christian tradition, the fruit of the tree of knowledge which was eaten by Adam and Eve despite God commanding them not to do so; the forbidden fruit. [from 11th c.] | A common, firm, round fruit produced by a tree of the genus Malus. | Often with a qualifying word: any fruit or vegetable, or any other thing (such as a cone or gall) produced by a plant, especially if from a tree and similar to the fruit of Malus domestica (sense 1.1). [from 9th c.] | A tree of the genus Malus; especially Malus domestica which is cultivated for its edible fruit; the apple tree. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/apple_cider_vinegar__Noun__1
written_rep: apple cider vinegar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ocet jabłkowy
sense_list:
A vinegar, made from cider or apple must along with yeast and bacteria, that has been matured in wooden barrels.


lexentry: eng/apple_core__Noun__1
written_rep: apple core
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ogryzek
sense_list:
The central portion of an apple containing the seeds and where the stem attaches (and the opposed end). Particularly the portion that remains after the main part of the fruit has been eaten.


lexentry: eng/apple_of_Sodom__Noun__1
written_rep: apple of Sodom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: mleczara wyniosła
sense_list:
The mudar (Calotropis procera), a flowering plant, found from northern Africa to southeast Asia, which bears poisonous fruit.


lexentry: eng/apple_of_discord__Noun__1
written_rep: apple of discord
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kość niezgody | jabłko niezgody
sense_list:
An object or topic which sows anger and dissension; something which causes argument, rivalry, or strife.


lexentry: eng/apple_of_someone's_eye__Noun__1
written_rep: apple of someone's eye
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oczko w głowie
sense_list:
(idiomatic) The object of somebody's affections; a person (or sometimes a thing) that someone strongly prefers; a favourite, a loved one.


lexentry: eng/apple_turnover__Noun__1
written_rep: apple turnover
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jabłecznik
sense_list:
A pastry dessert filled with pieces of sweetened apples, with the pastry folded over to enclose the filling.


lexentry: eng/apples_and_oranges__Noun__1
written_rep: apples and oranges
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dwie różne rzeczy
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A comparison of items that, however categorically similar, is inapt; an incompatible analogy, or the items so compared; disanalogy.


lexentry: eng/applet__Noun__1
written_rep: applet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aplet
sense_list:
(computing) A small program module that runs under the control of a larger application, typically a web browser.


lexentry: eng/appliance__Noun__1
written_rep: appliance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: urządzenie
sense_list:
A non-manual apparatus or device, powered electrically or by another small motor, used in homes to perform domestic functions (household appliance) and/or in offices.


lexentry: eng/applicate__Noun__1
written_rep: applicate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: współrzędna Z
sense_list:
(mathematics) The z-coordinate (the last of the three terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of Cartesian coordinates for a three-dimensional space)


lexentry: eng/application__Noun__1
written_rep: application
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aplikacja
sense_list:
The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense | The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence. | (bureaucracy, legal) A petition, entreaty, or other request, with the adposition for denoting the subject matter. | The act of requesting, claiming, or petitioning something. | (comptheory) The substitution of a specific value for the parameter in the abstraction, in lambda calculus.


lexentry: eng/application__Noun__1
written_rep: application
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: aplikacja | program komputerowy
sense_list:
(computing) A computer program or the set of software that the end user perceives as a single entity as a tool for a well-defined purpose. (Also called: application program; application software.)


lexentry: eng/application__Noun__1
written_rep: application
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: aplikacja | wniosek
sense_list:
A verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school, course or similar.


lexentry: eng/applied_linguistics__Noun__1
written_rep: applied linguistics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: lingwistyka stosowana
sense_list:
(linguistics) The interdisciplinary field of linguistics that identifies, investigates and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems.


lexentry: eng/applique__Noun__1
written_rep: applique
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aplika | aplikacja
sense_list:
(arts) A decorative design made by cutting pieces of material and applying them to the surface of another for decoration.


lexentry: eng/apply__Verb__1
written_rep: apply
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: zgłosić się
sense_list:
(intransitive) To submit oneself as a candidate (with the adposition "to" designating the recipient of the submission, and the adposition "for" designating the position).


lexentry: eng/appoint__Verb__1
written_rep: appoint
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: umawiać | umówić
sense_list:
(transitive, legal) To fix the disposition of (property) by designating someone to take use of (it).


lexentry: eng/appointment__Noun__1
written_rep: appointment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: przeznaczenie | wizyta
sense_list:
(government) The assignment of a person by an official to perform a duty, such as a presidential appointment of a judge to a court.


lexentry: eng/apport__Noun__1
written_rep: apport
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aport
sense_list:
(parapsychology) The supposed paranormal transference of an object from one place to another, or the appearance of an object from an unknown source, often associated with poltergeist activity and séances. | (parapsychology) An object that appears from an unknown source.


lexentry: eng/apportionment__Noun__1
written_rep: apportionment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: aport
sense_list:
(US) The distribution of members of the House of Representatives according to the population of the various states.


lexentry: eng/apposition__Noun__1
written_rep: apposition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apozycja
sense_list:
(grammar) A construction in which one noun or noun phrase is placed with another as an explanatory equivalent, both of them having the same syntactic function in the sentence. | (biology) The growth of successive layers of a cell wall.


lexentry: eng/appraise__Verb__1
written_rep: appraise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wyceniać | wycenić
sense_list:
(transitive) To determine the value or worth of (something), particularly as a person appointed for this purpose.


lexentry: eng/appreciation__Noun__1
written_rep: appreciation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: uznanie
sense_list:
A fair valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition of excellence; gratitude and esteem.


lexentry: eng/apprenticeship__Noun__1
written_rep: apprenticeship
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nauczanie
sense_list:
The condition of, or the time served by, an apprentice. | The system by which a person learning a craft or trade is instructed by a master for a set time under set conditions.


lexentry: eng/approach__Noun__1
written_rep: approach
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: dojazd | podjazd
sense_list:
(also, figuratively) An avenue, passage, or way by which a building or place can be approached; an access.


lexentry: eng/approach__Verb__1
written_rep: approach
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: podchodzić | nadciągać | nadciągnąć | podejść | zblizać się | zblizyć się
sense_list:
(intransitive) To come or go near, in place or time; to move toward; to advance nearer; to draw nigh. | (ambitransitive, figuratively) Used intransitively, followed by to: to draw near (to someone or something); to make advances; to approximate or become almost equal.


lexentry: eng/approaches__Noun__1
written_rep: approaches
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przybliżenie
sense_list:
Movements to gain favour; advances. | (military) The covered roads, trenches, or other works made by besiegers or soldiers in their advances toward a place such as a fortress or military post.


lexentry: eng/approbation__Noun__1
written_rep: approbation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aprobata
sense_list:
The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval, sanction, commendation or official recognition.


lexentry: eng/appropriate__Adjective__1
written_rep: appropriate
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: stosowny
sense_list:
Suitable to the social situation or to social respect or social discreetness; socially correct; socially discreet; well-mannered; proper.


lexentry: eng/appropriate__Verb__1
written_rep: appropriate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: przywłaszczyć sobie
sense_list:
(transitive) To set apart for, or assign to, a particular person or use, especially in exclusion of all others; with to or for.


lexentry: eng/approval__Noun__1
written_rep: approval
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zatwierdzenie | zgoda
sense_list:
An expression granting permission; an indication of agreement with a proposal; an acknowledgement that a person, thing, or event meets requirements.


lexentry: eng/approve__Verb__1
written_rep: approve
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: aprobować | zaaprobować
sense_list:
(transitive, archaic) To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or show practically. | (intransitive, followed by "of") To consider worthy (to); to be pleased (with); to accept.


lexentry: eng/approximation__Noun__1
written_rep: approximation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aproksymacja
sense_list:
(linguistics) The act of producing a near-simulation of the pronunciation of a foreign language for a loanword therefrom, or any given pronunciation resulting from that act. | (mathematics) An imprecise solution or result that is adequate for a defined purpose.


lexentry: eng/apraxia__Noun__1
written_rep: apraxia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apraksja
sense_list:
(neurology) Total or partial loss of the ability to perform coordinated movements or manipulate objects in the absence of motor or sensory impairment; specifically, a disorder of motor planning.


lexentry: eng/apriorism__Noun__1
written_rep: apriorism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aprioryzm
sense_list:
(philosophy) The idea that some knowledge of the physical world can be derived logically from general principles.


lexentry: eng/apse__Noun__1
written_rep: apse
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apsyda | absyda
sense_list:
(architecture) A semicircular projection from a building, especially the rounded east end of a church that contains the altar.


lexentry: eng/apsis__Noun__1
written_rep: apsis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: apsyda | absyda
sense_list:
(architecture) A recess or projection, with a dome or vault, at the east end of a church; an apse. | (astronomy) Either of the points in the elliptical orbit of a planet, comet, or moon where it is closest or furthest from the body it orbits; examples are perihelion, aphelion, perigee, and apogee


lexentry: eng/aqua_regia__Noun__1
written_rep: aqua regia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: woda królewska
sense_list:
(inorganic compound, archaic) A mixture of three parts concentrated hydrochloric acid to one part concentrated nitric acid, named for its ability to dissolve gold.


lexentry: eng/aquafaba__Noun__1
written_rep: aquafaba
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akwafaba | aquafaba
sense_list:
(cooking, neologism) The liquid left over from boiling chickpeas or similar beans, or from a can of chickpeas.


lexentry: eng/aqualung__Noun__1
written_rep: aqualung
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akwalung
sense_list:
(underwater diving) A piece of equipment consisting of an oxygen tank and breathing apparatus used by divers to allow them to breathe underwater.


lexentry: eng/aquamanile__Noun__1
written_rep: aquamanile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akwamanila
sense_list:
(historical) A ewer or jug-like vessel, shaped like an animal or human figure, used for washing the hands.


lexentry: eng/aquamarine__Noun__1
written_rep: aquamarine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akwamaryn | akwamaryna
sense_list:
The bluish-green colour of the sea. | A transparent bluish-green, sometimes yellow-green, variety of beryl.


lexentry: eng/aquaplane__Noun__1
written_rep: aquaplane
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akwaplan
sense_list:
(originally, US, water sports) A board on which a person stands to ride for leisure which is pulled on a water surface by a motorboat.


lexentry: eng/aquaplaning__Noun__1
written_rep: aquaplaning
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akwaplanacja
sense_list:
(automotive, UK) The loss of contact with the road because of surface water. The act of aquaplaning.


lexentry: eng/aquaponics__Noun__1
written_rep: aquaponics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akwaponika
sense_list:
(agriculture) A sustainable food production system that combines traditional aquaculture with hydroponics, with effluent from the water in which fish are reared being used as nutrition for plants.


lexentry: eng/aquaporin__Noun__1
written_rep: aquaporin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akwaporyny
sense_list:
(protein) Any of a class of proteins that form water-permeable pores in the membrane of biological cells.


lexentry: eng/aquarium__Noun__1
written_rep: aquarium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akwarium
sense_list:
A tank, often made of glass, for keeping live fish or other aquatic animals. | A public place where live fish and other aquatic animals are exhibited.


lexentry: eng/aquatint__Noun__1
written_rep: aquatint
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akwatinta | akwatynta
sense_list:
A form of etching with acid on a plate partially covered with varnish that produces a print somewhat resembling a watercolour. | An etching or print made using this method.


lexentry: eng/aqueduct__Noun__1
written_rep: aqueduct
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akwedukt | wodociąg
sense_list:
An artificial channel that is constructed to convey water from one location to another. | A structure carrying water over a river or depression, especially an ancient structure.


lexentry: eng/arabesque__Noun__1
written_rep: arabesque
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arabeska
sense_list:
(art, architecture, also, attributively) An elaborate design of intertwined floral figures or complex geometrical patterns, mainly used in Islamic art and architecture. | (music) An ornate composition, especially for the piano.


lexentry: eng/arable__Adjective__1
written_rep: arable
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: orny
sense_list:
(agriculture, of land) Able to be plowed or tilled, capable of growing crops (traditionally contrasted with pasturable lands such as heaths). | (agriculture, NGO, _, jargon, of land) Under cultivation (within any quinquennial period) for the production of crops sown and harvested within the same agricultural year (contrasted with permanently-cropped lands such as orchards).


lexentry: eng/arachidonic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: arachidonic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas arachidonowy
sense_list:
(fatty acid) A long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, having 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds, found in animal fats; it is essential for human nutrition, being a precursor to the production of prostaglandins.


lexentry: eng/arachnoid_mater__Noun__1
written_rep: arachnoid mater
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: opona pajęcza
sense_list:
(anatomy) The middle layer of the meninges; a membrane that protects the brain and spinal cord below the dura mater and above the subarachnoid space and the pia mater.


lexentry: eng/aragonite__Noun__1
written_rep: aragonite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aragonit
sense_list:
(mineral) An evaporite consisting of anhydrous calcium carbonate with the chemical formula CaCO3 and occurring in pearls, shells and nacre; it is dimorphous with calcite.


lexentry: eng/arak__Noun__1
written_rep: arak
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arak
sense_list:
A clear, unsweetened aniseed-flavoured alcoholic drink, produced and consumed primarily in the Levant.


lexentry: eng/arbitrage__Noun__1
written_rep: arbitrage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arbitraż | rozjemstwo
sense_list:
(finance) A market activity in which a security, commodity, currency or other tradable item is bought in one market and sold simultaneously in another, in order to profit from price differences between the markets.


lexentry: eng/arbitrary__Adjective__1
written_rep: arbitrary
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arbitralny | dowolny | umowny
sense_list:
(usually, of a decision) Based on individual discretion or judgment; not based on any objective distinction, perhaps even made at random.


lexentry: eng/arbitration__Noun__1
written_rep: arbitration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arbitraż
sense_list:
The act or process of arbitrating. | A process through which two or more parties use an arbitrator or arbiter in order to resolve a dispute.


lexentry: eng/arbor__Noun__1
written_rep: arbor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: altana
sense_list:
A shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation.


lexentry: eng/arborio_rice__Noun__1
written_rep: arborio rice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arborio
sense_list:
A northern Italian variety of short-grained starchy rice with a white dot at the center of each grain, commonly used in risotto.


lexentry: eng/arc__Noun__1
written_rep: arc
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: łuk
sense_list:
(geometry) A continuous part of the circumference of a circle (circular arc) or of another curve. [from 16th c.] | A curve, in general. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/arch-__Prefix__1
written_rep: arch-
part_of_speech: prefix
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archi- | arcy-
sense_list:
A title in a hierarchy which indicates a higher degree of rank than its root word. | Leading, foremost, primary, or principal. | (augmentative) Intensely, extremely, or exceptionally.


lexentry: eng/arch__Noun__1
written_rep: arch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: łuk
sense_list:
An inverted U shape. | An arch-shaped arrangement of trapezoidal stones, designed to redistribute downward force outward. | (architecture) An architectural element having the shape of an arch


lexentry: eng/archaeophyte__Noun__1
written_rep: archaeophyte
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archeofit
sense_list:
(botany) A plant which was introduced to an area by humans (or arrived naturally, but from an area in which it was present as a human introduction) and became naturalized before 1500 C.E. (but especially in prehistoric times).


lexentry: eng/archaic__Adjective__1
written_rep: archaic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archaiczny
sense_list:
Of or characterized by antiquity; old-fashioned, quaint, antiquated. | (archaeology) Belonging to the archaic period.


lexentry: eng/archaic_smile__Noun__1
written_rep: archaic smile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archaiczny uśmiech
sense_list:
(Ancient Greece, art, sculpture, historical) A smiling facial expression commonly found on Greek statues of the Archaic period (circa 700–500 B.C.E.).


lexentry: eng/archangel__Noun__1
written_rep: archangel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archanioł
sense_list:
A powerful angel that leads many other angels, but is still loyal to a deity, and often seen as belonging to a particular archangelical rank or order within a greater hierarchy of angels. (Judeo-Christian examples: Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, Uriel).


lexentry: eng/archbishop__Noun__1
written_rep: archbishop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arcybiskup
sense_list:
A senior bishop who is in charge of an archdiocese, and presides over a group of dioceses called a province (in Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Anglicanism, etc.)


lexentry: eng/archconfraternity__Noun__1
written_rep: archconfraternity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archikonfraternia | arcybractwo
sense_list:
(Roman Catholicism) A religious confraternity that, as a special concession of the Holy See, can join or affiliate with, and extend privileges to, other similar brotherhoods.


lexentry: eng/archdeacon__Noun__1
written_rep: archdeacon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archidiakon
sense_list:
(Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy) A senior administrative official in a diocese, just under the bishop, often in charge of an archdeaconry. As a title, it can be filled by either a deacon or priest.


lexentry: eng/archdiocese__Noun__1
written_rep: archdiocese
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archidiecezja | arcybiskupstwo | metropolia
sense_list:
(Christianity) An area administered by an archbishop; the ecclesiastical hierarchy of this area, also under the archbishop.


lexentry: eng/archduchess__Noun__1
written_rep: archduchess
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arcyksiężna | arcyksiężniczka
sense_list:
A daughter or granddaughter of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, or the wife of a son or grandson of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary


lexentry: eng/archegonium__Noun__1
written_rep: archegonium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rodnia
sense_list:
(botany) A multicellular reproductive structure that contains a large, non-motile gamete (egg cell), and within which an embryo will develop.


lexentry: eng/archeopteryx__Noun__1
written_rep: archeopteryx
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archeopteryks
sense_list:
A specimen of the species Archaeopteryx lithographica, being the earliest and most primitive known bird, representing a transition in the evolution of dinosaurs to birds.


lexentry: eng/archetype__Noun__1
written_rep: archetype
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archetyp
sense_list:
An original model of which all other similar concepts, objects, or persons are merely copied, derivative, emulated, or patterned; a prototype. [from mid 16th c.] | (literature) A character, object, or story that is based on a known character, object, or story. | (psychology) According to Swiss psychologist Carl Jung: a universal pattern of thought, present in an individual's unconscious, inherited from the past collective experience of humanity.


lexentry: eng/archimandrite__Noun__1
written_rep: archimandrite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archimandryta
sense_list:
(Eastern Orthodoxy) The superior of a large monastery, or group of monasteries, in the Orthodox Church. | (Eastern Orthodoxy, rarely, Catholicism) An honorary title sometimes given to a monastic priest.


lexentry: eng/architect__Noun__1
written_rep: architect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: architekt | architektka
sense_list:
A professional who designs buildings or other structures, or who prepares plans and superintends construction. | A person who plans, devises or contrives the achievement of a desired result.


lexentry: eng/architecture__Noun__1
written_rep: architecture
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: architektura
sense_list:
The art and science of designing and managing the construction of buildings and other structures, particularly if they are well proportioned and decorated. | (computing) A specific model of a microchip or CPU.


lexentry: eng/archive__Noun__1
written_rep: archive
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archiwum
sense_list:
A place for storing earlier, and often historical, material. An archive usually contains documents (letters, records, newspapers, etc.) or other types of media kept for historical interest.


lexentry: eng/archivist__Noun__1
written_rep: archivist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archiwista | archiwistka | archiwariusz | archiwariuszka
sense_list:
One who is in charge of, or performs the task of creating, collecting, cataloguing, organising, and archives.


lexentry: eng/archosaur__Noun__1
written_rep: archosaur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archozaur
sense_list:
A reptile of the taxon Archosauria, which includes modern crocodilians and birds, as well as the extinct pterosaurs, non-avian dinosaurs and other taxa.


lexentry: eng/archpriest__Noun__1
written_rep: archpriest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archiprezbiter
sense_list:
(Eastern Orthodox Church) The highest rank given to a married priest. | (Roman Catholic Church) An honorific title applied to a priest who has a specific function.


lexentry: eng/arcology__Noun__1
written_rep: arcology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arkologia
sense_list:
(urban studies, uncountable) Urban development theory proposed by Paolo Soleri involving three-dimensional building methods and efficient use of space and resources.


lexentry: eng/arctic_fox__Noun__1
written_rep: arctic fox
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: piesiec | lis polarny | piesak
sense_list:
Vulpes lagopus, a fox of the family Canidae, living in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/arctic_hare__Noun__1
written_rep: arctic hare
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zając polarny
sense_list:
A North-American hare of species Lepus arcticus, that is white, usually year round, found in the Arctic.


lexentry: eng/arctic_raspberry__Noun__1
written_rep: arctic raspberry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jeżyna
sense_list:
A species of slow-growing bramble belonging to the rose family and bearing a dark red, sweet fruit; Rubus arcticus, native to arctic, subarctic, and alpine regions.


lexentry: eng/are__Noun__1
written_rep: are
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ar
sense_list:
(rare) An accepted (but deprecated and rarely used) metric unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent. Symbol: a.


lexentry: eng/are_you_doing_anything_tomorrow__Phrase__1
written_rep: are you doing anything tomorrow
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: co pan robi jutro? | co pani robi jutro? | co robisz jutro?
sense_list:
Asks if someone is busy tomorrow, possibly to invite them to do something if they are available. ("Tomorrow" can be replaced by other dates, such as "are you doing anything on the weekend", etc.)


lexentry: eng/are_you_religious__Phrase__1
written_rep: are you religious
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
sense_list: A request for information about the listener's (or listeners') religious beliefs.
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list:
jest pan religijny? | jest pan wierzący? | jest pani religijna? | jest pani wierząca? | jesteś religijna? | jesteś religijny?


lexentry: eng/are_you_taking_any_medications__Phrase__1
written_rep: are you taking any medications
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czy bierze pan jakieś leki? | czy bierze pani jakieś leki? | czy bierzesz jakieś leki?
sense_list:
Asked mostly by doctors and nurses to ascertain whether certain drugs should not be given to patients, as they may interact adversely with other medications.


lexentry: eng/are_your_ears_burning__Phrase__1
written_rep: are your ears burning
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: o wilku mowa
sense_list:
(idiomatic, colloquial, rhetorical question) Asked of somebody who was not present but was the topic of discussion.


lexentry: eng/area__Noun__1
written_rep: area
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: areał | rola
sense_list:
(British) An open space, below ground level, giving access to the basement of a house, and typically separated from the pavement by railings. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/area_code__Noun__1
written_rep: area code
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oznajmujący
sense_list:
(US, Australia, Philippines) A prefix appended to a telephone number indicating the geographical area.


lexentry: eng/areca__Noun__1
written_rep: areca
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: areka
sense_list:
Any member of the genus Areca of about fifty species of single-stemmed palms in the family Arecaceae, found in humid tropical forests.


lexentry: eng/arena__Noun__1
written_rep: arena
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arena
sense_list:
An enclosed area, often outdoor, for the presentation of sporting events (sports arena) or other spectacular events; earthen area, often oval, specifically for rodeos (North America) or circular area for bullfights (especially Hispanic America). | The building housing such an area; specifically, a very large, often round building, often topped with a dome, designated for indoor sporting or other major events, such as concerts. | (historical) The sand-covered centre of an amphitheatre where contests were held in Ancient Rome. | A realm in which events take place; an area of interest, study, behaviour, etc.


lexentry: eng/areng__Noun__1
written_rep: areng
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arenga
sense_list:
A palm tree (Arenga pinnata, syn. Saguerus saccharifer) which yields sago, wine, and fibres for ropes.


lexentry: eng/areography__Noun__1
written_rep: areography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: areografia
sense_list:
(astronomy, geography) The scientific study of the planet Mars' geographical features; geography of Mars.


lexentry: eng/aretalogy__Noun__1
written_rep: aretalogy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aretalogia
sense_list:
A form of sacred biography in which a deity's attributes are listed, in the form of poem or text, in the first person.


lexentry: eng/arginine__Noun__1
written_rep: arginine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arginina
sense_list:
An amino acid found in animal foods that plays an important role in several physiological processes.


lexentry: eng/argon__Noun__1
written_rep: argon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: argon
sense_list:
The chemical element (symbol Ar) with an atomic number of 18. The third most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere, it is a colourless, odourless, inert noble gas.


lexentry: eng/argonaut__Noun__1
written_rep: argonaut
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: argonauta | żeglarek
sense_list:
Any of several species of shelled octopods of the family Argonautidae (of which only the genus Argonauta is not extinct).


lexentry: eng/argot__Noun__1
written_rep: argot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: argot
sense_list:
A secret language or conventional slang peculiar to thieves, tramps and vagabonds. | The specialized informal vocabulary and terminology used between people with special skill in a field, such as between doctors, mathematicians or hackers.


lexentry: eng/arguably__Adverb__1
written_rep: arguably
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zapewne
sense_list:
As can be supported or proven by sound logical deduction, evidence, and precedent, but without absolute certainty.


lexentry: eng/aria__Noun__1
written_rep: aria
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aria
sense_list:
(music) A musical piece written typically for a solo voice with orchestral accompaniment in an opera or cantata.


lexentry: eng/arise__Verb__1
written_rep: arise
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: pojawiać
sense_list:
(intransitive) To spring up; to come into action, being, or notice; to become operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to act a part; to present itself.


lexentry: eng/aristocracy__Noun__1
written_rep: aristocracy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arystokracja
sense_list:
The nobility, or the hereditary ruling class. | Government by such a class, or a state with such a government. | A class of people considered (not normally universally) superior to others.


lexentry: eng/aristocrat__Noun__1
written_rep: aristocrat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arystokrata | arystokratka | szlachcianka | szlachcic
sense_list:
One of the aristocracy, nobility, or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble (originally in Revolutionary France).


lexentry: eng/aristocratic__Adjective__1
written_rep: aristocratic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arystokratyczny
sense_list:
Of, pertaining to, or favouring, an aristocracy | Similar to the aristocracy; characteristic of, the aristocracy.


lexentry: eng/arithmetic__Noun__1
written_rep: arithmetic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arytmetyka
sense_list:
The mathematics of numbers (integers, rational numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers) under the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.


lexentry: eng/arithmetic_mean__Noun__1
written_rep: arithmetic mean
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: średnia arytmetyczna
sense_list:
(statistics, probability) The measure of central tendency of a set of values computed by dividing the sum of the values by their number.


lexentry: eng/arithmetic_progression__Noun__1
written_rep: arithmetic progression
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ciąg arytmetyczny | postęp arytmetyczny
sense_list:
(analysis) A sequence in which each term except the first is obtained from the previous by adding a constant value, known as the common difference of the arithmetic progression.


lexentry: eng/arithmetically__Adverb__1
written_rep: arithmetically
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arytmetycznie
sense_list:
(of the nature of increases or decreases) In a way characterized by addition (of increments) rather than multiplication (by factors) or exponentiation (by exponents): by an arithmetic progression. | In terms of arithmetic.


lexentry: eng/ark__Noun__1
written_rep: ark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: arka
sense_list:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) Noah's ark: the ship built by Noah to save his family and a collection of animals from the deluge. | (Judaism) A decorated cabinet at the front of a synagogue, in which Torah scrolls are kept.


lexentry: eng/arkose__Noun__1
written_rep: arkose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arkoza
sense_list:
(geology) A sedimentary rock consisting of small fragments of feldspar and quartz similar to a coarse sand.


lexentry: eng/arm__Noun__1
written_rep: arm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ramię | ręka
sense_list:
(anatomy) The portion of the upper human appendage, from the shoulder to the wrist and sometimes including the hand. | A long, narrow, more or less rigid part of an object extending from the main part or centre of the object, such as the armrest of an armchair, a crane, a pair of spectacles or a pair of compasses.


lexentry: eng/arm__Verb__2
written_rep: arm
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: uzbrajać | uzbroić | zbroić
sense_list:
(transitive) To supply with armour or (later especially) weapons. | (transitive, figurative) To supply with the equipment, knowledge, authority, or other tools needed for a particular task; to furnish with capability; to equip.


lexentry: eng/arm_wrestling__Noun__1
written_rep: arm wrestling
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: siłowanie na rękę | siłowanie się | siłowanie się na rękę
sense_list:
A strength sport with two participants, in which each participant grips the other's hand and tries to pin the other's arm onto a surface.


lexentry: eng/armadillo__Noun__1
written_rep: armadillo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pancernik | pancerniki
sense_list:
Any of the burrowing mammals covered with bony, jointed, protective plates, order Cingulata, found in the Americas, especially in South America.


lexentry: eng/armband__Noun__1
written_rep: armband
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: rękawek
sense_list:
(swimming) One of a pair of inflatable plastic bands, normally worn on the upper arms, to help the wearer (often a child) float in water and learn to swim.


lexentry: eng/armed_conflict__Noun__1
written_rep: armed conflict
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konflikt zbrojny
sense_list:
(international law, military) A contested incompatibility that entails the use of armed force between two parties including a territory, the government of a state, or both.


lexentry: eng/armed_forces__Noun__1
written_rep: armed forces
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: siły zbrojne | armia | wojsko
sense_list:
The military forces of a nation, such as the army, navy, air force, marines, and sometimes, coastguard or border guard, which are tasked with the defence of the nation and its citizens, if necessary through use of deadly force.


lexentry: eng/armillary_sphere__Noun__1
written_rep: armillary sphere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sfera armilarna
sense_list:
An instrument consisting of graduated metal circles used to represent the motions of celestial bodies around the earth.


lexentry: eng/arming__Noun__1
written_rep: arming
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zbrojenie
sense_list:
The act of supplying (oneself or others) with armor and (now especially) arms and ammunition in preparation for a conflict; the act of providing with the means of defense and attack.


lexentry: eng/armor__Noun__1
written_rep: armor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zbroja | pancerz
sense_list:
(uncountable) A protective layer over a body, vehicle, or other object intended to deflect or diffuse damaging forces.


lexentry: eng/armor__Noun__1
written_rep: armor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: wojska pancerne
sense_list:
(military, uncountable) A military formation consisting primarily of tanks or other armoured fighting vehicles, collectively.


lexentry: eng/armoured_fighting_vehicle__Noun__1
written_rep: armoured fighting vehicle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: opancerzony pojazd bojowy
sense_list:
(military) An armed and armoured military vehicle which runs on wheels or caterpillar track, used by fighting troops.


lexentry: eng/armoured_truck__Noun__1
written_rep: armoured truck
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bankowóz
sense_list:
A truck used to transfer valuables between locations, which possesses armour against light firearms.


lexentry: eng/arms__Noun__1
written_rep: arms
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: herb
sense_list:
(heraldry) A visual design composed according to heraldic rules, consisting of a coat of arms normally displayed upon an escutcheon, sometimes accompanied by other elements of an achievement


lexentry: eng/arms_race__Noun__1
written_rep: arms race
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wyścig zbrojeń
sense_list:
A competition for military supremacy between two powers, especially for the most weapons and the best military technology.


lexentry: eng/army__Noun__1
written_rep: army
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: armia | wojsko
sense_list:
A large, highly organized military force, concerned mainly with ground (rather than air or naval) operations. | The governmental agency in charge of a state's army. | (figuratively) A large group of people working toward the same purpose. | (figuratively) A large group of social animals working toward the same purpose. | (figuratively) Any multitude.


lexentry: eng/arnica__Noun__1
written_rep: arnica
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arnika | kupalnik
sense_list:
Any of several plants, of the genus Arnica, considered to have medicinal properties, especially Arnica montana.


lexentry: eng/aromatherapy__Noun__1
written_rep: aromatherapy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aromaterapia
sense_list:
(alternative medicine) The use of selected fragrances in lotions and inhalants in an effort to affect mood and promote health.


lexentry: eng/aromatization__Noun__1
written_rep: aromatization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aromatyzacja
sense_list:
(petrochemistry) The conversion of aliphatic components of petroleum into aromatic compounds as part of the refining process.


lexentry: eng/arpeggio__Noun__1
written_rep: arpeggio
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arpeggio
sense_list:
(music) The notes of a chord played individually instead of simultaneously, usually moving from lowest to highest.


lexentry: eng/arraignment__Noun__1
written_rep: arraignment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oskarżenie
sense_list:
(legal) The formal charging of a defendant with an offense; in many jurisdictions it includes their response in the form of a plea, typically as guilty, not guilty, or no contest.


lexentry: eng/arrange__Verb__1
written_rep: arrange
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: aranżować | zaaranżować
sense_list:
(music, transitive, intransitive) To prepare and adapt an already-written composition for presentation in other than its original form.


lexentry: eng/arranged_marriage__Noun__1
written_rep: arranged marriage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: małżeństwo aranżowane
sense_list:
The marriage (union) of two people planned by someone other than the two people who are united in it.


lexentry: eng/arrangement__Noun__1
written_rep: arrangement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: układ
sense_list:
The manner of being arranged. | A collection of things that have been arranged. | A particular way in which items are organized.


lexentry: eng/array__Noun__1
written_rep: array
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: tablica
sense_list:
(programming) Any of various data structures designed to hold multiple elements of the same type; especially, a data structure that holds these elements in adjacent memory locations so that they may be retrieved using numeric indices.


lexentry: eng/arrest__Noun__1
written_rep: arrest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: areszt
sense_list:
A check, stop, an act or instance of arresting something. | A confinement, detention, as after an arrest.


lexentry: eng/arrest__Verb__1
written_rep: arrest
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: aresztować
sense_list:
(transitive) To seize (someone) with the authority of the law; to take into legal custody. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/arrest_warrant__Noun__1
written_rep: arrest warrant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nakaz aresztowania | list gończy
sense_list:
(legal) An official document that authorizes law-enforcement officials to arrest a named person and to bring that individual before a court of law or other authority.


lexentry: eng/arris__Noun__1
written_rep: arris
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krawędź
sense_list:
A sharp edge or ridge formed by the intersection of two surfaces | (architecture) A sharp edge or ridge formed by the intersection of two curved surfaces | (archaeology) A ridge formed on the surface of flaked stone, such as a arrowhead or hand axe, as the result of the intersection of two or more flake removals.


lexentry: eng/arrival__Noun__1
written_rep: arrival
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyjazd | przybycie | przyjście | przylot
sense_list:
The act of arriving (reaching a certain place). | The fact of beginning to occur; the initial phase of something.


lexentry: eng/arrière-garde__Noun__1
written_rep: arrière-garde
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ariergarda
sense_list:
(obsolete) The rearguard of an army or other force. | Any group of people who favour older, traditional approaches over the modern or avant-garde.


lexentry: eng/arroba__Noun__1
written_rep: arroba
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: małpa
sense_list:
(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of mass, varying by time, location, and substance but generally around 11.5 kilograms.


lexentry: eng/arrogance__Noun__1
written_rep: arrogance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arogancja
sense_list:
The state of being arrogant; a type of extreme or foolish pride in which someone feels much superior to another.


lexentry: eng/arrow__Noun__1
written_rep: arrow
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: strzała | szyp | strzałka
sense_list:
(archery) A projectile consisting of a shaft, a point and a tail with stabilizing fins that is shot from a bow.


lexentry: eng/arrow__Noun__1
written_rep: arrow
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: strzałka | strzała
sense_list:
A sign or symbol used to indicate a direction (e.g. →). | (computing) The -> symbol, which has specific meanings in various programming languages.


lexentry: eng/arrowroot__Noun__1
written_rep: arrowroot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: maranta trzcinowa
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) Maranta arundinacea from the Marantaceae family, a large perennial herb native to the Caribbean area with green leaves about 15 centimeters long. [from late 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/arrowroot__Noun__1
written_rep: arrowroot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: mąka ararutowa
sense_list:
(uncountable) A starchy substance obtained from the rhizomes of an arrowroot plant used as a thickener.


lexentry: eng/arrowword__Noun__1
written_rep: arrowword
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krzyżówka z strzałkami
sense_list:
A kind of crossword puzzle with the clues written in the grid, accompanied by arrows that indicate the position and direction of the answers.


lexentry: eng/arroyo__Noun__1
written_rep: arroyo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: potok
sense_list:
A dry creek or streambed, a gulch which temporarily or seasonally fills and flows (after sufficient rain). | Any watercourse; any rivulet (whether it flows year-round or only seasonally).


lexentry: eng/arsehole__Noun__1
written_rep: arsehole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: dupek
sense_list:
(Commonwealth, mildly, vulgar, offensive, or, derogatory) An inconsiderate or mean-spirited person. Less vulgar and intense than fucker or cunt.


lexentry: eng/arsenal__Noun__1
written_rep: arsenal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arsenał | cekhauz | zbrojownia
sense_list:
A military establishment for the storing, development, manufacturing, testing, or repairing of arms, ammunition, and other war materiel; an armoury.


lexentry: eng/arsenal__Noun__1
written_rep: arsenal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: arsenał
sense_list:
A stock of weapons, especially all the weapons that a nation possesses. | A store or supply of anything.


lexentry: eng/arsenic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: arsenic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas arsenowy
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) A poisonous, white crystalline compound, H3AsO4, formed from arsenic pentoxide and water; it has the same structure as phosphoric acid, and is used in the manufacture of arsenates.


lexentry: eng/arsenic_trioxide__Noun__1
written_rep: arsenic trioxide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arszenik
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) An industrially important and highly toxic oxide of arsenic that occurs as the mineral claudetite; formula As2O3 (though in liquid, gaseous and some solid forms it has molecules of the form As4O6).


lexentry: eng/arsenite__Noun__1
written_rep: arsenite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arsenin
sense_list:
(inorganic compound) Any oxyanion of trivalent arsenic, especially the AsO33− anion (or protonated derivatives); any salt containing this anion, or any ester of arsenious acid


lexentry: eng/arsine__Noun__1
written_rep: arsine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arseniak | arsenowodór
sense_list:
(inorganic compound, uncountable) A compound of arsenic and hydrogen, AsH3, a colorless and exceedingly poisonous gas, having an odor like garlic.


lexentry: eng/arsis__Noun__1
written_rep: arsis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: spalone
sense_list:
(poetry) The stronger part of a metrical foot: the part containing the long (heavy) syllable in quantitative meter, or the stressed syllable in a qualitative meter. | (music) The elevation of the hand, or that part of the bar at which it is raised, in beating time; the weak or unaccented part of the bar, opposed to the thesis.


lexentry: eng/art__Noun__1
written_rep: art
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sztuka | umiejętność
sense_list:
(uncountable) The conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colours, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions, usually specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium. | (countable) Skillful creative activity, usually with an aesthetic focus. | (uncountable, dated) Contrivance, scheming, manipulation.


lexentry: eng/art__Noun__1
written_rep: art
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: sztuka
sense_list:
(uncountable) The study and the product of these processes. | (uncountable) Aesthetic value. | (countable) A field or category of art, such as painting, sculpture, music, ballet, or literature. | (countable) A nonscientific branch of learning; one of the liberal arts. | (countable) Skill that is attained by study, practice, or observation.


lexentry: eng/art_director__Noun__1
written_rep: art director
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dyrektor artystyczny | dyrektorka artystyczna
sense_list:
A person who supervises and unifies the vision of an artistic production, including its visual appearance and psychological appeal to a target audience.


lexentry: eng/art_gallery__Noun__1
written_rep: art gallery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pinakoteka
sense_list:
A room, a group of rooms, or other space where works of art are placed on display, possibly for sale.


lexentry: eng/artemisia__Noun__1
written_rep: artemisia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bylica
sense_list:
Any of many aromatic flowering plants of the genus Artemisia, including wormwood, sagebrush, and tarragon, often used as traditional medicine, oral contraceptive and flavoring.


lexentry: eng/artery__Noun__1
written_rep: artery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tętnica | arteria
sense_list:
(anatomy) Any of the muscular- and elastic-walled blood vessels forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed away from the heart regardless of its oxygenation status; see pulmonary artery.


lexentry: eng/arthritis__Noun__1
written_rep: arthritis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zapalenie stawów | artretyzm
sense_list:
Inflammation of a joint or joints causing pain and/or disability, swelling and stiffness, and due to various causes such as infection, trauma, degenerative changes or metabolic disorders.


lexentry: eng/arthropod__Noun__1
written_rep: arthropod
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stawonóg
sense_list:
An invertebrate animal of the phylum Arthropoda, characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton and multiple jointed appendages.


lexentry: eng/artichoke__Noun__1
written_rep: artichoke
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karczoch
sense_list:
A plant related to the thistle with enlarged flower heads eaten as a vegetable while immature, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus.


lexentry: eng/artichoke_heart__Noun__1
written_rep: artichoke heart
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karczoch
sense_list:
The edible base of an artichoke, prepared by removing the outer leaves and the inedible choke covering it.


lexentry: eng/article__Noun__1
written_rep: article
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: artykuł | rodzajnik | przedimek
sense_list:
A piece of nonfiction writing such as a story, report, opinion piece, or entry in a newspaper, magazine, journal, encyclopedia, etc.


lexentry: eng/article__Noun__1
written_rep: article
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: rodzajnik | przedimek | artykuł
sense_list:
(grammar) A part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun (a, an, or the in English). In some languages the article may appear as an ending (e.g. definite article in Swedish) or there may be none (e.g. Russian, Pashto).


lexentry: eng/article__Noun__1
written_rep: article
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: artykuł | paragraf | rodzajnik
sense_list:
A section of a legal document, bylaws, etc. or, in the plural, the entire document seen as a collection of these.


lexentry: eng/articulate__Verb__1
written_rep: articulate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: artykułować | wyartykułować
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To speak clearly; to enunciate. | (music, transitive) to attack a note, as by tonguing, slurring, bowing, etc.


lexentry: eng/articulated_bus__Noun__1
written_rep: articulated bus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autobus przegubowy | przegubowiec
sense_list:
A bus fitted with a joint, which is covered by an accordion-shaped weatherproofing, to increase its manoeuvrability.


lexentry: eng/articulation__Noun__1
written_rep: articulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: artykulacja
sense_list:
(countable, or, uncountable) A joint or the collection of joints at which something is articulated, or hinged, for bending. | (uncountable) The quality, clarity or sharpness of speech. | (accounting) The interrelation and congruence of the flow of data between financial statements of an entity, especially between the income statement and balance sheet.


lexentry: eng/artifact__Noun__1
written_rep: artifact
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: artefakt
sense_list:
A finding or structure in an experiment or investigation that is not a true feature of the object under observation, but is a result of external action, the test arrangement, or an experimental error. | (archaeology) An object, such as a tool, ornament, or weapon of archaeological or historical interest, especially such an object found at an archaeological excavation. | (computing) A perceptible distortion that appears in an audio or video file or a digital image as a result of applying a lossy compression or other inexact processing algorithm. | (software engineering) Ellipsis of build artifact.


lexentry: eng/artificial__Adjective__1
written_rep: artificial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: sztuczny
sense_list:
Not natural or normal: imposed arbitrarily or without regard to the specifics or normal circumstances of a person, a situation, etc. | (bridge) Conveying some meaning other than the actual contents of one's hand.


lexentry: eng/artificial_insemination__Noun__1
written_rep: artificial insemination
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sztuczna inseminacja | sztuczne unasienianie
sense_list:
(biology, medicine) The introduction of semen into the uterus or cervix of a female by a means other than copulation.


lexentry: eng/artificial_intelligence__Noun__1
written_rep: artificial intelligence
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sztuczna inteligencja
sense_list:
(computer science) The branch of computer science dealing with the reproduction or mimicking of human-level intelligence, self-awareness, knowledge, conscience, thought in computer programs. | The essential quality of a machine which thinks in a manner similar to or on the same general level as a real human being.


lexentry: eng/artificial_selection__Noun__1
written_rep: artificial selection
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dobór sztuczny
sense_list:
(evolutionary theory) Intervention by humans in the breeding of plants or animals in order to preserve selected genetic traits.


lexentry: eng/artillery__Noun__1
written_rep: artillery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: artyleria
sense_list:
An army unit that uses such weapons, or a military formation using projectile weapons, such as archers.


lexentry: eng/artiodactyl__Noun__1
written_rep: artiodactyl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: parzystokopytne
sense_list:
(zoology) Any ungulate mammal with an even number of toes and belonging to the Artiodactyla, including pigs, sheep, deer, cattle, and most grazing animals. In contrast, horses have an odd number of toes and as such are not Artiodactyla, but Perissodactyla. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/artisanal__Adjective__1
written_rep: artisanal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rzemieślniczy
sense_list:
Of or pertaining to artisans or the work of artisans. | Involving skilled work, with comparatively little reliance on machinery. | (of an item, especially a foodstuff) Made by an artisan (skilled worker).


lexentry: eng/arugula__Noun__1
written_rep: arugula
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rukola
sense_list:
One of three yellowish-flowered Mediterranean herbs of the mustard family with flavoured leaves, often eaten in salads. Has a distinct, peppery flavor:


lexentry: eng/aryl__Noun__1
written_rep: aryl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aryl
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any univalent organic radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removing a hydrogen atom.


lexentry: eng/as__Conjunction__1
written_rep: as
part_of_speech: conjunction
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: jak
sense_list:
(dated) Introducing a comparison with a hypothetical state (+ subjunctive, or with the verb elided): as though, as if. [to 19th century]


lexentry: eng/as__Conjunction__1
written_rep: as
part_of_speech: conjunction
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: jako
sense_list:
(law) used before a preposition to clarify that the prepositional phrase restricts the meaning of the sentence; specifically.


lexentry: eng/as__Noun__1
written_rep: as
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: jak | jako | ponieważ | tak | bo | gdy
sense_list:
(numismatics) Any of several coins of Rome, coined in bronze or later copper; or the equivalent value.


lexentry: eng/as_above,_so_below__Phrase__1
written_rep: as above, so below
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jak wyżej, tak niżej
sense_list:
(occultism) What happens on a higher level of reality also happens on lower levels; the microcosm and macrocosm behave alike.


lexentry: eng/as_far_as_one_knows__Adverb__1
written_rep: as far as one knows
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: o ile mi wiadomo | z tego co wiem
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To the best of one's knowledge, as far as someone knows about the topic, subject, aspect, or situation.


lexentry: eng/as_if_there_were_no_tomorrow__Adverb__1
written_rep: as if there were no tomorrow
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jakby jutra miało nie być | jakby jutro miał się skończyć świat
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To an excessive degree, oftentimes with little to no regard to future consequences; desperately; recklessly or wantonly; frantically; very quickly or very much.


lexentry: eng/as_is__Adjective__1
written_rep: as is
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: taki jaki jest
sense_list:
(idiomatic, of an object) as it is; in its present state or condition, especially as a contractual condition of sale.


lexentry: eng/as_it_were__Adverb__1
written_rep: as it were
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: niejako
sense_list:
Used to indicate that a word or statement is perhaps not exact though practically right; as if it were so.


lexentry: eng/as_much_as__Adverb__1
written_rep: as much as
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jakby
sense_list:
Practically, just as, no less than; indicates an action tantamount to, but not identical to, the action described.


lexentry: eng/as_of__Preposition__1
written_rep: as of
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: od | począwszy od
sense_list:
(idiomatic) At or by a specified time, with the implication that the said condition will be true from that time onward.


lexentry: eng/as_of_right__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: as of right
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prawnie
sense_list:
(legal) By virtue of an entitlement or authority which arises from certain legal conditions or circumstances; by operation of law.


lexentry: eng/as_opposed_to__Preposition__1
written_rep: as opposed to
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: w przeciwieństwie do
sense_list:
in contrast to, rather than, instead of; particularly used in defining a concept by providing an example that does not fall inside the concept.


lexentry: eng/as_the_case_may_be__Phrase__1
written_rep: as the case may be
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: w danym wypadku
sense_list:
As is appropriate to the circumstances; particularly where a choice must be made between two options.


lexentry: eng/as_the_crow_flies__Adverb__1
written_rep: as the crow flies
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: w linii prostej
sense_list:
(idiomatic) In a straight line distance between two locations, as opposed to the road distance or over land distance.


lexentry: eng/as_you_sow,_so_shall_you_reap__Proverb__1
written_rep: as you sow, so shall you reap
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kto sieje wiatr, zbiera burzę
sense_list:
The consequences of one's actions to oneself are in proportion to one's good or bad intentions towards others.


lexentry: eng/as_you_were__Interjection__1
written_rep: as you were
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: spokój
sense_list:
Disregard the previous partial command or order and return to the most recent formal command or order.


lexentry: eng/as_you_wish__Interjection__1
written_rep: as you wish
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jak uważasz
sense_list:
A formal expression of agreement to something, especially with the connotation that one does not really agree.


lexentry: eng/asafoetida__Noun__1
written_rep: asafoetida
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asafetyda | czarcie łajno | smrodzieniec
sense_list:
A resinous gum from the stem and roots of Ferula species such as Ferula foetida and Ferula assa-foetida, having a strong, unpleasant smell, with culinary and medical uses. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/asarabacca__Noun__1
written_rep: asarabacca
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kopytnik
sense_list:
An acrid herbaceous plant, Asarum europaeum, the leaves and roots of which are emetic and cathartic.


lexentry: eng/asbestos__Noun__1
written_rep: asbestos
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: azbest
sense_list:
(mineral) Any of several fibrous mineral forms of magnesium silicate, used for fireproofing, electrical insulation, building materials, brake linings, chemical filters, suits, fireman's gloves, etc.


lexentry: eng/ascariasis__Noun__1
written_rep: ascariasis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: askarioza | askarydoza | glistnica
sense_list:
A disease of humans caused by the parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides in humans and by other species of Ascaris in other mammals.


lexentry: eng/ascendant__Noun__1
written_rep: ascendant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ascendent
sense_list:
(astrology, also, figurative) The degree of the zodiac or point of the ecliptic which rises in an eastern direction above the horizon at a particular moment (especially the moment of a person's birth), which is supposed to have a commanding influence on a person's fortune and life; a horoscope. | (genealogy) An ancestor.


lexentry: eng/ascending__Adjective__1
written_rep: ascending
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: croissant
sense_list:
(computing) That causes a sequence to follow an ascending order. | Rising or increasing to higher levels, values, or degrees. (of a sequence)


lexentry: eng/ascent__Noun__1
written_rep: ascent
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: wzniesienie
sense_list:
The degree of elevation of an object, or the angle it makes with a horizontal line; inclination; gradient; steepness


lexentry: eng/ascetic__Noun__1
written_rep: ascetic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asceta | ascetka
sense_list:
One who is devoted to the practice of self-denial, either through seclusion or stringent abstinence.


lexentry: eng/ascites__Noun__1
written_rep: ascites
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wodobrzusze
sense_list:
(medicine) An accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, frequently symptomatic of liver disease.


lexentry: eng/ascorbic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: ascorbic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas askorbinowy
sense_list:
(vitamin) A white crystalline organic compound, C6H8O6, found in citrus fruits and many vegetables; it is an antioxidant and an efficient scavenger of free radicals.


lexentry: eng/ascus__Noun__1
written_rep: ascus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: torba
sense_list:
(mycology) A sac-shaped cell present in ascomycete fungi; it is a reproductive cell in which meiosis and an additional cell division produce eight spores.


lexentry: eng/aseity__Noun__1
written_rep: aseity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aseitas
sense_list:
(metaphysics, theology) Usually ascribed to deity: the attribute of being entirely self-derived, in contrast to being derived from or dependent on another; the quality of having within oneself the entire reason for one's being; utter independent self-existence and self-sustenance.


lexentry: eng/asepsis__Noun__1
written_rep: asepsis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aseptyka
sense_list:
(pathology) The state of being free from sepsis. | (pathology) The process of removing pathogenic organisms or protecting against such organisms.


lexentry: eng/asexual__Adjective__1
written_rep: asexual
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: aseksualny
sense_list:
(especially, of a person) Not experiencing sexual attraction; lacking interest in or desire for sex.


lexentry: eng/asexual__Noun__1
written_rep: asexual
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: aseksualista | aseksualistka
sense_list:
A person who does not experience sexual attraction; a person who lacks interest in or desire for sex. | (rare) Something which does not have a sex, or a word which refers to such a thing.


lexentry: eng/ashcan__Noun__1
written_rep: ashcan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: popielniczka
sense_list:
A container for ashes, used in times past for accumulating ashes generated from wood and coal fires, for eventual disposal elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/ashlar__Noun__1
written_rep: ashlar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: licówka kamienna nieregularna | mur ciosowy
sense_list:
(architecture) Masonry employing flat and well-squared stone or brick, creating an appearance similar to wooden flooring.


lexentry: eng/aside__Noun__1
written_rep: aside
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komentarz
sense_list:
An incidental remark to a person next to one made discreetly but not in private, audible only to that person. (theatre) A brief comment by a character addressing the audience, unheard by other characters.


lexentry: eng/askari__Noun__1
written_rep: askari
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: askarys
sense_list:
(historical) A member of a local African military or police unit, usually one serving in a European colonial force.


lexentry: eng/asocial__Adjective__1
written_rep: asocial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asocjalny | aspołeczny
sense_list:
Not social, not relating to society. | Not sociable; having minimal social connections with others; not inclined to connect with others socially.


lexentry: eng/asparaginase__Noun__1
written_rep: asparaginase
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asparaginaza
sense_list:
(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid, used in chemotherapy.


lexentry: eng/aspartame__Noun__1
written_rep: aspartame
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aspartam
sense_list:
(organic compound) An artificial sweetener, the methyl ester of a dipeptide formed from aspartic acid and phenylalanine, used in many processed foods and beverages.


lexentry: eng/aspartic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: aspartic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas asparaginowy
sense_list:
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid, L-α-amino-succinic acid, aminobutanedioic acid, found in animal protein and in sugar beet etc (C4H7NO4).


lexentry: eng/aspect__Noun__1
written_rep: aspect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aspekt
sense_list:
Any specific feature, part, or element of something. | (grammar) A grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/aspect__Noun__1
written_rep: aspect
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: widok
sense_list:
Position or situation with regard to seeing; that position which enables one to look in a particular direction; position in relation to the points of the compass.


lexentry: eng/aspen__Noun__1
written_rep: aspen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: osika
sense_list:
A poplar tree, especially of section Populus sect. Populus, of medium-size trees with thin, straight trunks of a greenish-white color.


lexentry: eng/aspergillum__Noun__1
written_rep: aspergillum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kropidło
sense_list:
(Christianity) An implement, in the form of a brush, or of a rod with a perforated container, for sprinkling holy water; a holy water sprinkler.


lexentry: eng/asphalt__Noun__1
written_rep: asphalt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asfalt
sense_list:
A sticky, black to brown and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid, composed almost entirely of bitumen with small mineral particles, that is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits. | Ellipsis of asphalt concrete, a hard ground covering used for roads and walkways.


lexentry: eng/asphalt_jungle__Noun__1
written_rep: asphalt jungle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asfaltowa dżungla
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A city or urban area, where the landscape is covered by pavement and the environment is alienating and unsafe.


lexentry: eng/asphaltene__Noun__1
written_rep: asphaltene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asfalten
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any of the dark organic constituents of crude oils and bitumen that are soluble in aromatic solvents but not in aliphatic ones; they are polycyclic aromatic compounds (composed of fused benzene rings) with aliphatic side chains


lexentry: eng/asphodel__Noun__1
written_rep: asphodel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: złotogłów | asfodel | chryzantema | złocień
sense_list:
Any of the flowering plants of the family Asphodelaceae, especially Asphodelus ramosus and Asphodelus albus; the flower of these plants.


lexentry: eng/asphyxia__Noun__1
written_rep: asphyxia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: asfiksja | zamartwica
sense_list:
Loss of consciousness due to the body's inability to deliver oxygen to its tissues, either by the breathing of air lacking oxygen or by the inability of the blood to carry oxygen. | (medicine, obsolete) A condition in which an extreme decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the body leads to loss of consciousness or death. Replaced in the mid-20th century by the more specific terms anoxia, hypoxia, hypoxemia and hypercapnia.


lexentry: eng/aspidistra__Noun__1
written_rep: aspidistra
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aspidistra
sense_list:
any of several Asian plants, of the genus Aspidistra, having large leaves and small bell-shaped flowers; widely cultivated as a houseplant


lexentry: eng/aspirate__Verb__1
written_rep: aspirate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: aspirować
sense_list:
(transitive) To inhale so as to draw something other than air into one's lungs. | (ambitransitive, linguistics) To produce an audible puff of breath, especially following a consonant, such as the letter "h" at the beginning of house or hat in standard English.


lexentry: eng/aspirated_h__Noun__1
written_rep: aspirated h
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: h przydechowe
sense_list:
(French phonology) In the French language, usage of the letter h at the start of a word which does not allow liaison with a preceding consonant or elision of a preceding schwa.


lexentry: eng/aspiration__Noun__1
written_rep: aspiration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ambicja | aspiracja
sense_list:
The act of aspiring or ardently desiring; an ardent wish or desire, chiefly after what is elevated or spiritual (with common adjunct adpositions being to and of).


lexentry: eng/asplenia__Noun__1
written_rep: asplenia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asplenia
sense_list:
(biology, medicine) Absence of normal function of the spleen, from any cause: | (biology, medicine) Physiological absence of splenic function; either substantial or total splenic dysfunction; splenic nonfunction.


lexentry: eng/ass-backwards__Adverb__1
written_rep: ass-backwards
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: od dupy strony
sense_list:
(colloquial) Moving backwards, that is, rear end first. | (idiomatic, colloquial) In a hopelessly misguided manner; in a manner contrary to what is normal, expected, or logical.


lexentry: eng/ass-kisser__Noun__1
written_rep: ass-kisser
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dupoliz
sense_list:
(North America, vulgar, slang) Someone who kisses ass (who acts obsequiously in order to gain another's favor).


lexentry: eng/ass-licker__Noun__1
written_rep: ass-licker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dupoliz
sense_list:
(US, vulgar, slang) Someone who succumbs to authority, doing whatever authority figures ask and attempting to please them in every possible way; (by extension) any contemptible person. | (US, vulgar, slang) Someone who performs anilingus.


lexentry: eng/ass__Noun__1
written_rep: ass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: osioł
sense_list:
Any of several species of horse-like animals, especially Equus asinus, the domesticated of which are used as beasts of burden.


lexentry: eng/ass__Noun__2
written_rep: ass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: dupa | dupczenie | jebanie | pierdolenie
sense_list:
(vulgar, slang, synecdochically, uncountable) Sex; a person to have sex with; with vulgar emphasis on their corporeality (their body) over their personhood.


lexentry: eng/assassin__Noun__1
written_rep: assassin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asasyn
sense_list:
(historical, , usually, capitalized) A member of the Nizari Ismaili Muslim community of the Alamut Period.


lexentry: eng/assassin__Noun__1
written_rep: assassin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zamachowiec | skrytobójca | skrytobójczyni | zamachowczyni
sense_list:
Someone who intentionally kills a person, especially a professional who kills a public or political figure.


lexentry: eng/assassinate__Verb__1
written_rep: assassinate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zamordować
sense_list:
To murder someone, especially an important person, by a sudden or obscure attack, especially for ideological or political reasons. [from 17th c.] | (figuratively) To harm, ruin, or defame severely or destroy by treachery, slander, libel, or obscure attack.


lexentry: eng/assault_rifle__Noun__1
written_rep: assault rifle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: karabin automatyczny
sense_list:
A military select-fire rifle or carbine that fires a shortened rifle caliber round or lower-power smaller-calibre round, from a high-capacity magazine.


lexentry: eng/assay__Noun__1
written_rep: assay
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: esej
sense_list:
Trial, attempt. | The act or process of ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or silver in bullion or coin.


lexentry: eng/assegai__Noun__1
written_rep: assegai
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: assagaj
sense_list:
A slim hardwood spear or javelin with an iron tip, especially those used by Bantu peoples of Southern Africa.


lexentry: eng/assemblage__Noun__1
written_rep: assemblage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: asamblaż | assemblage
sense_list:
(arts) A visual art form similar to collage, which combines two-dimensional and three-dimensional, often found, elements into works of art.


lexentry: eng/assembler__Noun__1
written_rep: assembler
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asembler | assembler
sense_list:
(programming, countable) A program that reads source code written in assembly language and produces executable machine code, possibly together with information needed by linkers, debuggers and other tools.


lexentry: eng/assembly_language__Noun__1
written_rep: assembly language
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asembler | assembler
sense_list:
(computer languages) A programming language in which the source code of programs is composed of mnemonic instructions, each of which corresponds directly to a machine instruction for a particular processor.


lexentry: eng/assembly_line__Noun__1
written_rep: assembly line
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: linia montażowa
sense_list:
(manufacturing) A system of workers and machinery in which a product is assembled in a series of consecutive operations; typically the product is conveyed by a continuously moving belt.


lexentry: eng/assert__Verb__1
written_rep: assert
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: bronić
sense_list:
To maintain or defend, as a cause or a claim, by words or measures; to vindicate a claim or title to.


lexentry: eng/assert__Verb__1
written_rep: assert
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: zaklinać się
sense_list:
(reflexive) To insist on the legitimacy of one's rights, opinion, etc; not to allow oneself to be dismissed; to ensure that one is taken into consideration; to make oneself respected; to be assertive. See assert oneself.


lexentry: eng/assertion__Noun__1
written_rep: assertion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: potwierdzenie
sense_list:
(computer programming) A statement in a program asserting a condition expected to be true at a particular point, used in debugging.


lexentry: eng/asshole__Noun__1
written_rep: asshole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: dupek | cham | dziad | dziadyga | gad | gadzina
sense_list:
(vulgar, derogatory, or, offensive, synecdochically) A jerk; an inappropriately or objectionably mean, inconsiderate, contemptible, obnoxious, intrusive, stupid, or rude person.


lexentry: eng/assimilate__Verb__1
written_rep: assimilate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: asymilować | zasymilować
sense_list:
(transitive) To absorb (a person or people) into a community or culture. | (transitive) To bring to a likeness or to conformity; to cause a resemblance between.


lexentry: eng/assimilation__Noun__1
written_rep: assimilation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asymilacja
sense_list:
The act of assimilating or the state of being assimilated. | The metabolic conversion of nutrients into tissue. | (by extension) The absorption of new ideas into an existing cognitive structure. | (sociology, cultural studies) The adoption, by a minority group, of the customs and attitudes of the dominant culture.


lexentry: eng/assimilation__Noun__1
written_rep: assimilation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: upodobnienie | asymilacja
sense_list:
(phonology) A sound change process by which the phonetics of a speech segment becomes more like that of another segment in a word (or at a word boundary), so that a change of phoneme occurs.


lexentry: eng/assimilationist__Noun__1
written_rep: assimilationist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asymilant | asymilator | asymilatorka
sense_list:
(sociology) An advocate of the policy or practice of the assimilation of immigrant or other minority cultures into a mainstream culture.


lexentry: eng/assimilator__Noun__1
written_rep: assimilator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asymilant | asymilator
sense_list:
A person or thing which assimilates. | In algae, a filament of cells involved with photosynthesis, usually full of chloroplasts.


lexentry: eng/assist__Verb__1
written_rep: assist
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asystować | pomagać | pomóc
sense_list:
To help. | (medicine) To help compensate for what is missing with the help of a medical technique or therapy.


lexentry: eng/assistant_professor__Noun__1
written_rep: assistant professor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adiunkt | adiunktka
sense_list:
(education) An entry-level position in a university faculty, lower than an associate professor and a full professor.


lexentry: eng/associate_professor__Noun__1
written_rep: associate professor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: docent | adiunkt
sense_list:
(education) A teacher in a higher education institution who ranks above an assistant professor and below a professor.


lexentry: eng/association_football__Noun__1
written_rep: association football
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: piłka nożna
sense_list:
A ball game played between two teams of eleven players, each attempting to win by scoring more goals than their opponent.


lexentry: eng/associationism__Noun__1
written_rep: associationism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asocjacjonizm
sense_list:
(psychology) A theory that association (of experiences etc) is the basis of consciousness and mental activity


lexentry: eng/associative__Adjective__1
written_rep: associative
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: łączny | asocjatywny
sense_list:
(algebra, of a binary operator *) Such that, for any operands a, b and c, (a * b) * c = a * (b * c); (of a ring, etc.) whose multiplication operation is associative.


lexentry: eng/associative_array__Noun__1
written_rep: associative array
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: słownik | tablica asocjacyjna
sense_list:
(computing) An array-like data structure where the indices (called keys) are not limited to integers.


lexentry: eng/assonance__Noun__1
written_rep: assonance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asonacja | asonancja | asonans
sense_list:
(prosody) The repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds (though with different consonants), usually in literature or poetry.


lexentry: eng/assumption__Noun__1
written_rep: assumption
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: przypuszczenie
sense_list:
The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; a supposition; an unwarrantable claim. | The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition assumed; a supposition.


lexentry: eng/assurance__Noun__1
written_rep: assurance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: obietnica
sense_list:
(insurance) Insurance; a contract for the payment of a sum on occasion of a certain event, as loss or death. Assurance is used in relation to life contingencies, and insurance in relation to other contingencies. It is called temporary assurance, in the time within which the contingent event must happen is limited.


lexentry: eng/assure__Verb__1
written_rep: assure
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zapewnić | upewniać | upewnić | zapewniać
sense_list:
(transitive, followed by that or of) To give (someone) confidence in the trustworthiness of (something).


lexentry: eng/asswipe__Noun__1
written_rep: asswipe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: srajtaśma
sense_list:
(North America, informal, mildly, vulgar, offensive, or, derogatory) An annoying, contemptible, or worthless person.


lexentry: eng/asterism__Noun__1
written_rep: asterism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: asteryzm
sense_list:
(mineralogy) A star-shaped figure exhibited by some crystals by reflected light (as in a star sapphire) or by transmitted light (as in some mica).


lexentry: eng/asteroid__Noun__1
written_rep: asteroid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: planetoida | asteroida
sense_list:
(astronomy) A naturally occurring solid object, which is smaller than a planet and a dwarf planet, larger than a meteoroid and not a comet, that orbits a star and often has an irregular shape.


lexentry: eng/asteroid_belt__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: asteroid belt
part_of_speech: properNoun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pas planetoid
sense_list:
(astronomy) The main asteroid belt, the region of the orbital plane of the Solar System located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter which is occupied by numerous minor planets (asteroids) and the dwarf planet Ceres.


lexentry: eng/asteronym__Noun__1
written_rep: asteronym
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asteronim
sense_list:
(typography, rare) An asterism (⁂) or similar symbol which replaces the name of the author in a literary work.


lexentry: eng/asthma__Noun__1
written_rep: asthma
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: astma | dychawica | zadyszka
sense_list:
(pathology) A long-term respiratory condition, in which the airways may unexpectedly and suddenly narrow, often in response to an allergen, cold air, exercise, or emotional stress. Symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.


lexentry: eng/astigmatism__Noun__1
written_rep: astigmatism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: astygmatyzm
sense_list:
(optics) A defect of a lens such that light rays coming from a point do not meet at a focal point so that the image is blurred. | (pathology) A disorder of the vision, usually due to a misshapen cornea, such that light does not focus correctly on the retina causing a blurred image.


lexentry: eng/astragal__Noun__1
written_rep: astragal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: astragal
sense_list:
(architecture) A semicircular molding separating the architrave at the top or bottom of a column. | (weaponry) A circular molding near the mouth of a cannon.


lexentry: eng/astragalomancy__Noun__1
written_rep: astragalomancy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: astragalomancja
sense_list:
Divination by dice made from huckle-bones. They have four flat sides and two round sides which were marked.


lexentry: eng/astral__Adjective__1
written_rep: astral
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: astralny | gwiezdny
sense_list:
Relating to or resembling the stars; starry. | (parapsychology, theosophy, fantasy) Composed of ethereal material or non-physical (sometimes supersensible), and capable of sometimes separating from the physical body (as an astral body) to travel to other places or to other realms of existence (in or via the astral plane).


lexentry: eng/astral_body__Noun__1
written_rep: astral body
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ciało astralne
sense_list:
(parapsychology, theosophy, fantasy) A ghost-like replica of one's physical body which supposedly inhabits or is somehow associated with the physical body, conceived as a subtle body composed of some sort of ethereal material or as being non-physical and capable of sometimes separating from the physical body to travel to other places or to other realms of existence.


lexentry: eng/astrological_sign__Noun__1
written_rep: astrological sign
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: znak | znak zodiaku
sense_list:
(astrology) Any of twelve signs, corresponding to constellations, that are used as the basis of astrology


lexentry: eng/astrology__Noun__1
written_rep: astrology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: astrologia
sense_list:
Divination about human affairs or natural phenomena from the relative positions of celestial bodies. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/astrometry__Noun__1
written_rep: astrometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: astrometria
sense_list:
(astronomy) The branch of astronomy that deals with the measurement of the positions and motions of celestial bodies, particularly stars.


lexentry: eng/astronaut__Noun__1
written_rep: astronaut
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: astronauta | astronautka | kosmonauta | kosmonautka
sense_list:
A member of the crew of a spaceship or other spacecraft that travels beyond Earth's atmosphere, or someone trained to serve that purpose.


lexentry: eng/astronomer__Noun__1
written_rep: astronomer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: astronom | astronomka
sense_list:
(astronomy) One who studies astronomy, the stars or the physical universe; a scientist whose area of research is astronomy or astrophysics


lexentry: eng/astronomical__Adjective__1
written_rep: astronomical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: astronomiczny
sense_list:
(not comparable, astronomy) Of or relating to astronomy. | (comparable) Very large; of vast measure.


lexentry: eng/astronomical_unit__Noun__1
written_rep: astronomical unit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jednostka astronomiczna
sense_list:
(astronomy) 149,597,870,700 metres, the approximate mean distance from the Earth to the Sun (the semi-major axis of Earth's orbit), (symbol AU), used to measure distances in the solar system.


lexentry: eng/astronomically__Adverb__1
written_rep: astronomically
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: astronomicznie
sense_list:
(not comparable) Of or relating to astronomy. | (comparable, degree) In the extreme, very (typically very large).


lexentry: eng/astronomy__Noun__1
written_rep: astronomy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: astronomia
sense_list:
The study of the physical universe beyond the Earth's atmosphere, including the process of mapping locations and properties of the matter and radiation in the universe.


lexentry: eng/astrophotography__Noun__1
written_rep: astrophotography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: astrofotografia
sense_list:
(astronomy, photography) The photography or imaging of astronomical objects, celestial events or areas of the night sky.


lexentry: eng/astrophysics__Noun__1
written_rep: astrophysics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: astrofizyka
sense_list:
The branch of astronomy or physics that deals with the physical properties of celestial bodies and with the interaction between matter and radiation in celestial bodies and in the space between them.


lexentry: eng/asylum__Noun__1
written_rep: asylum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: dom obłąkanych | szpital psychiatryczny
sense_list:
(dated) A place of protection or restraint for one or more classes of the disadvantaged, especially the mentally ill.


lexentry: eng/asylum_seeker__Noun__1
written_rep: asylum seeker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: azylant | azylantka | azylowiec
sense_list:
A person who has applied for asylum in a foreign country but has not yet been granted refugee status by that country.


lexentry: eng/asymmetry__Noun__1
written_rep: asymmetry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asymetria
sense_list:
Absence of symmetry or proportion between the parts of a thing, or a distinction that produces such a lack of symmetry.


lexentry: eng/asymptote__Noun__1
written_rep: asymptote
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asymptota
sense_list:
(analysis) A straight line which a curve approaches arbitrarily closely as it goes to infinity. The limit of the curve; its tangent "at infinity".


lexentry: eng/asyndetic__Adjective__1
written_rep: asyndetic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: asyndetyczny
sense_list:
(grammar, rhetoric) Of, related to, or characterized by asyndeton, lacking conjunctions or purposefully omitting conjunctions.


lexentry: eng/at__Preposition__1
written_rep: at
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: w | o
sense_list:
(indicating time) Indicating occurrence in an instant of time or a period of time relatively short in context or from the speaker’s perspective.


lexentry: eng/at_a_loss_for_words__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: at a loss for words
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: brak komuś słów
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Having nothing to say; not knowing what to say; stunned to the point of being speechless.


lexentry: eng/at_all__Adverb__1
written_rep: at all
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ani trochę | całkiem | nic a nic | w ogóle | wcale
sense_list:
(idiom) Indicating degree, quantity or frequency greater than zero: to the slightest degree, in any way, at any time or in any circumstance.


lexentry: eng/at_it__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: at it
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zajęty
sense_list:
Occupied with a given activity; busy with something. [from 17th c.] | Engaged in sexual intercourse or other sexual activity.


lexentry: eng/at_the_expense_of__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: at the expense of
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kosztem
sense_list:
(finance) Paid for by an individual or group. | (figurative) In a way as to harm somebody or something; to the detriment of.


lexentry: eng/ataman__Noun__1
written_rep: ataman
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ataman | atamanka
sense_list:
(historical) A title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. The term was also used for the leader of a fisherman artel and of a band of robbers or thieves.


lexentry: eng/atavism__Noun__1
written_rep: atavism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atawizm
sense_list:
The reappearance of an ancestral characteristic in an organism after several generations of absence; a throwback.


lexentry: eng/atavistic__Adjective__1
written_rep: atavistic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atawistyczny
sense_list:
(biology) Of the recurrence of a trait reappearing after an absence of one or more generations due to a chance recombination of genes.


lexentry: eng/ataxia__Noun__1
written_rep: ataxia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ataksja
sense_list:
(physical chemistry, organic chemistry) The condition of a polymer in which the orientation of the subunits is random


lexentry: eng/atelectasis__Noun__1
written_rep: atelectasis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: niedodma
sense_list:
(medicine) The collapse of a part of or the whole lung caused by inner factors rather than a pneumothorax.


lexentry: eng/athame__Noun__1
written_rep: athame
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sztylet
sense_list:
A ceremonial pointed knife or dagger, used especially in Wicca and other neopagan traditions and typically having a black handle with magical symbols on it. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/athanor__Noun__1
written_rep: athanor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atanor
sense_list:
(historical) A furnace or stove designed and used to maintain uniform heat, primarily used by alchemists. [from late 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/atheism__Noun__1
written_rep: atheism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ateizm | bezbożność
sense_list:
(broadly) A lack of belief in deities, or a belief that there is insufficient evidence to believe in a god.


lexentry: eng/atheist__Noun__1
written_rep: atheist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ateista | ateistka | bezbożnik | ateusz | ateuszka | bezbożnica
sense_list:
(broadly) A person who doubts the existence of deities (therefore, an agnostic may be considered an atheist). | (narrowly) A person who is certain that no deities exist or who thinks that the existence of deities can be disproven.


lexentry: eng/athematic__Adjective__1
written_rep: athematic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atematyczny
sense_list:
(linguistics) Of a root, not having a thematic vowel and thus attaching inflections directly to the root.


lexentry: eng/athenaeum__Noun__1
written_rep: athenaeum
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ateneum
sense_list:
An association for the advancement of learning, particularly in science or literature. | The reading room or library of such an association; (by extension) any reading room or library. | A literary or scientific periodical, especially one similar to the London Athenaeum.


lexentry: eng/atherosclerosis__Noun__1
written_rep: atherosclerosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arterioskleroza | miażdżyca
sense_list:
(pathology) The clogging or hardening of arteries or blood vessels caused by plaques (accumulations of fatty deposits, usually cholesterol).


lexentry: eng/athetosis__Noun__1
written_rep: athetosis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atetoza
sense_list:
(symptom) A series of involuntary writhing movements of the limbs, typically bilateral and symmetric and predominantly affecting the distal parts of the limbs.


lexentry: eng/athlete's_foot__Noun__1
written_rep: athlete's foot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: grzybice skóry
sense_list:
(disease) A fungal infection of the skin of the foot, usually between the toes, caused by pathogen fungi, such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, syn. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum


lexentry: eng/athlete__Noun__1
written_rep: athlete
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atleta | atletka | lekkoatleta | lekkoatletka
sense_list:
A participant in any of a group of sporting activities including track and field, road running, cross country running and racewalking.


lexentry: eng/athlete__Noun__1
written_rep: athlete
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: atleta | atletka | sportowiec | sportsmenka
sense_list:
(US, Canada) A person who actively participates in physical sports, especially with great skill; a sportsperson.


lexentry: eng/athletics__Noun__1
written_rep: athletics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atletyka
sense_list:
(sports, especially Britain) A group of sporting activities including track and field, road running, cross country and racewalking.


lexentry: eng/athletics__Noun__1
written_rep: athletics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: lekkoatletyka | atletyka
sense_list:
(sports, especially US) Physical activities such as sports and games requiring stamina, fitness and skill.


lexentry: eng/atlas__Noun__1
written_rep: atlas
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: atlas | dźwigacz
sense_list:
(anatomy) The uppermost vertebra of the cervical spine in the neck in humans and some other animals.


lexentry: eng/atlatl__Noun__1
written_rep: atlatl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atlatl
sense_list:
A spearthrower consisting of a wooden stick with a thong or perpendicularly protruding hook on the rear end that grips a grove or socket on the butt of its accompanying spear (or dart), intended to steady the spear immediately prior to throwing, to increase its potential range when thrown, and to increase its force of penetration of the target. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/atmosphere__Noun__1
written_rep: atmosphere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: atmosfera
sense_list:
The air in a particular place. | A unit of measurement for pressure equal to 101325 Pa (symbol: atm), approximately the atmospheric pressure at sea level.


lexentry: eng/atoll__Noun__1
written_rep: atoll
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atol
sense_list:
A type of island consisting of a ribbon reef that nearly or entirely surrounds a lagoon and supports, in most cases, one to many islets on the reef platform.


lexentry: eng/atom__Noun__1
written_rep: atom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atom
sense_list:
(chemistry, physics) The smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. [from 16th c.] | (history of science) A hypothetical particle posited by Greek philosophers as an ultimate and indivisible component of matter. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/atomic__Adjective__1
written_rep: atomic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atomowy
sense_list:
(physics, chemistry) Of or relating to atoms; composed of atoms; monatomic. | Employing or relating to nuclear energy or processes.


lexentry: eng/atomic_clock__Noun__1
written_rep: atomic clock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zegar atomowy
sense_list:
An extremely accurate reference clock whose operation is based on an atomic process, typically the frequency of electromagnetic radiation associated with a specified energy-level transition in an element such as cesium.


lexentry: eng/atomic_nucleus__Noun__1
written_rep: atomic nucleus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jądro atomowe
sense_list:
(physics) A nucleus of an atom; consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by an electron cloud.


lexentry: eng/atomic_weight__Noun__1
written_rep: atomic weight
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: masa atomowa
sense_list:
(physics) A term used to represent the mean relative atomic mass of an element in nature, as distinct from the relative atomic mass of a single isotope.


lexentry: eng/atomism__Noun__1
written_rep: atomism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atomizm | atomistyka
sense_list:
(philosophy) The ancient Greek theory that all matter is composed of very small indestructible and indivisible particles.


lexentry: eng/atomist__Noun__1
written_rep: atomist
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atomista
sense_list:
An adherent of atomism; one who believes matter is composed of elementary indivisible particles. | An adherent of the atomic theory.


lexentry: eng/atomize__Verb__1
written_rep: atomize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atomizować | zatomizować
sense_list:
(transitive) To separate or reduce into atoms. | (transitive) To make into a fine spray. | (transitive) To fragment; to break into small pieces or concepts.


lexentry: eng/atomizer__Noun__1
written_rep: atomizer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atomizator | atomizer | opryskiwacz | rozpylacz
sense_list:
An instrument for reducing a liquid to spray or vapor for disinfecting, cooling, medical use or perfume spraying.


lexentry: eng/atone__Verb__1
written_rep: atone
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odpokutować | pokutować | odpokutowywać | zadośćuczynić
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To make reparation, compensation, amends or satisfaction for an offence, crime, mistake or deficiency. [from 1680s]


lexentry: eng/atonic__Adjective__1
written_rep: atonic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: atoniczny
sense_list:
(linguistics) not having tone (pitch) | (pathology) Lacking muscle tone. | (medicine) Characterized by atony, or want of vital energy.


lexentry: eng/atopy__Noun__1
written_rep: atopy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atopia
sense_list:
(medicine) A hereditary disorder marked by the tendency to develop localized immediate hypersensitivity reactions to allergens such as pollen, food etc and is manifested by hay fever, asthma, or similar allergic conditions; generally considered to be caused by the interaction of environmental and genetic factors.


lexentry: eng/atrium__Noun__1
written_rep: atrium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atrium
sense_list:
(architecture) A central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings. | (architecture) A square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels. | (biology) Any enclosed body cavity or chamber.


lexentry: eng/atrium__Noun__1
written_rep: atrium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: atrium | przedsionek
sense_list:
(palynology) A cavity inside a porate aperture of a pollen grain formed by the separation of the sexine and nexine layers, widening toward the interior of the grain.


lexentry: eng/atrophy__Noun__1
written_rep: atrophy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atrofia
sense_list:
(pathology) A reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease, injury or lack of use. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/atropine__Noun__1
written_rep: atropine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atropina
sense_list:
(poison, pharmaceutical drug) An alkaloid extracted from the plant deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other sources, such as the seeds of the thorn-apple. Though overdoses would be fatal it is used as a drug in medicine for its paralytic effects (e.g. in surgery to relax muscles, in dentistry to dry the mouth, in ophthalmology to dilate the pupils).


lexentry: eng/attack__Noun__1
written_rep: attack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atak | napad
sense_list:
An attempt to cause damage, injury to, or death of opponent or enemy. | (medicine) The sudden onset of a disease or condition. | An active episode of a chronic or recurrent disease.


lexentry: eng/attack__Noun__1
written_rep: attack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: atak
sense_list:
An attempt to detract from the worth or credibility of, a person, position, idea, object, or thing, by physical, verbal, emotional, or other assault. | (cricket) Collectively, the bowlers of a cricket side. | (volleyball) Any contact with the ball other than a serve or block which sends the ball across the plane of the net. | (lacrosse) The three attackmen on the field or all the attackmen of a team.


lexentry: eng/attack__Verb__1
written_rep: attack
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atakować | zaatakować | napadać | napaść
sense_list:
(transitive) To apply violent force to someone or something. | (transitive) To begin to affect; to act upon injuriously or destructively; to begin to decompose or waste.


lexentry: eng/attack__Verb__1
written_rep: attack
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: atakować | zaatakować
sense_list:
(transitive, cricket) To aim balls at the batsman’s wicket. | (intransitive, cricket) To set a field, or bowl in a manner designed to get wickets. | (intransitive, cricket) To bat aggressively, so as to score runs quickly. | (soccer) To move forward in an active attempt to score a point, as opposed to trying not to concede.


lexentry: eng/attack_aircraft__Noun__1
written_rep: attack aircraft
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szturmowiec
sense_list:
A tactical military aircraft designed to carry out precise airstrikes against ground or naval targets


lexentry: eng/attack_helicopter__Noun__1
written_rep: attack helicopter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: helikopter szturmowy
sense_list:
(military) An armed helicopter with the offensive capability of engaging ground targets such as enemy infantry, military vehicles, and fortifications. [from 1950s]


lexentry: eng/attacker__Noun__1
written_rep: attacker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: napastnik
sense_list:
(soccer) One of the players on a team in football (soccer) in the row nearest to the opposing team's goal, who are therefore principally responsible for scoring goals.


lexentry: eng/attain__Verb__1
written_rep: attain
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: osiągać | osiągnąć
sense_list:
(transitive) To reach or come to, by progression or motion; to arrive at (a place, time, state, etc.).


lexentry: eng/attainment__Noun__1
written_rep: attainment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: korzyść
sense_list:
The act of attaining; the act of arriving at or reaching; the act of obtaining by exertion or effort.


lexentry: eng/attend__Verb__1
written_rep: attend
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atentować | brać udział | uczęszczać
sense_list:
(transitive) To be present at (an event or place) in order to take part in some action or proceedings; also, to regularly go to (an event or place). [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/attendance__Noun__1
written_rep: attendance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obecność
sense_list:
The act of attending; the state of being present; presence. | The frequency with which one has been present for a regular activity or set of events.


lexentry: eng/attendant__Noun__1
written_rep: attendant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: gość
sense_list:
(mostly, archaic) A visitor or caller; one who attends (is present at or regularly goes to) some event or place.


lexentry: eng/attention__Noun__1
written_rep: attention
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: atencja | względy
sense_list:
(countable) An action or remark expressing concern for or interest in someone or something, especially romantic interest.


lexentry: eng/attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder__Noun__1
written_rep: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) A developmental disorder in which a person has difficulty to concentrate and a persistent pattern of impulsiveness and inattention, with or without a component of hyperactivity.

trans_list:
zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi | ADHD | zaburzenia hiperkinetyczne | zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z brakiem koncentracji uwagi


lexentry: eng/attention_span__Noun__1
written_rep: attention span
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koncentracja uwagi
sense_list:
The length of time, or span that one can pay attention, or concentrate on one topic without becoming distracted.


lexentry: eng/attenuate__Verb__1
written_rep: attenuate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obniżać
sense_list:
(transitive) To reduce in size, force, value, amount, or degree. | (intransitive) To become thin or fine; to grow less.


lexentry: eng/attenuation__Noun__1
written_rep: attenuation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tłumienie
sense_list:
A gradual diminishing of strength. | (physics) A reduction in the level of some property with distance, especially the amplitude of a wave or the strength of a signal.


lexentry: eng/atter__Noun__1
written_rep: atter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jad
sense_list:
(archaic, or, UK, _, dialectal) poisonous bodily fluid, especially venom of a venomous animal, such as a snake, dragon or other reptile; corrupt or morbid matter from the body, such as pus from a sore or wound; bitter substance, such as bile


lexentry: eng/attestation__Noun__1
written_rep: attestation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atest | certyfikat | zaświadczenie | świadectwo
sense_list:
A thing that serves to bear witness, confirm, or authenticate; validation, verification, documentation.


lexentry: eng/attic__Noun__1
written_rep: attic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: strych | poddasze | mansarda
sense_list:
The space, often unfinished and with sloped walls, directly below the roof in the uppermost part of a house or other building, generally used for storage or habitation.


lexentry: eng/attitudinize__Verb__1
written_rep: attitudinize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bawić
sense_list:
To give the appearance of, or make a show of, (something) by assuming an affected or exaggerated attitude.


lexentry: eng/attitudinize__Verb__1
written_rep: attitudinize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: pozować
sense_list:
To assume an attitude or pose, especially one which is affected, exaggerated, or unnatural; to posture, to posturize; also, to excessively practise adopting attitudes or poses.


lexentry: eng/atto-__Prefix__1
written_rep: atto-
part_of_speech: prefix
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atto-
sense_list:
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−18 (short scale quintillionth or long scale trillionth). Symbol: a


lexentry: eng/attorney-in-fact__Noun__1
written_rep: attorney-in-fact
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pełnomocnik | plenipotent
sense_list:
(US, legal) An agent of the person giving him/her the power of attorney (for a specific purpose or for general purposes) to act on his or her behalf. The attorney-in-fact’s power and responsibilities depend on the specific powers granted in the power of attorney document.


lexentry: eng/attorney_general__Noun__1
written_rep: attorney general
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prokurator generalny
sense_list:
A major government officer throughout the English-speaking world, generally responsible for interpreting the law for the head of government and executive department and functioning as chief prosecutor, with the ability to bring civil and criminal actions directly.


lexentry: eng/attract__Verb__1
written_rep: attract
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: pociągać
sense_list:
(transitive) To draw by moral, emotional or sexual influence; to engage or fix, as the mind, attention, etc.; to invite or allure.


lexentry: eng/attractive__Adjective__1
written_rep: attractive
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: atrakcyjny | pociągający
sense_list:
Having the power of charming or alluring by agreeable qualities; enticing. | Pleasing or appealing to the senses, especially of a potential romantic partner.


lexentry: eng/attractor__Noun__1
written_rep: attractor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: atraktor
sense_list:
(mathematics, physics) A set of points or states to which a dynamical system evolves after a long enough time. That is, points that get close enough to the attractor remain close even if slightly disturbed.


lexentry: eng/attribute__Noun__1
written_rep: attribute
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: atrybut
sense_list:
(grammar) A word that qualifies a noun. | (computing, object-oriented programming) An option or setting belonging to some object.


lexentry: eng/attribution__Noun__1
written_rep: attribution
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: atrybucja
sense_list:
The act of attributing something. | An explicit or formal acknowledgment of ownership or authorship.


lexentry: eng/attributive_adjective__Noun__1
written_rep: attributive adjective
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: epitet
sense_list:
(grammar) An adjective that modifies the head of the noun phrase in which it occurs; an adjective that precedes the word or phrase it modifies.


lexentry: eng/attrition__Noun__1
written_rep: attrition
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: zmniejszenie
sense_list:
(human resources) A gradual, natural reduction in membership or personnel, as through injury, incapacitation, retirement, resignation, or death.


lexentry: eng/au_pair__Noun__1
written_rep: au pair
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: au pair
sense_list:
A single girl (or, rarely, a boy), usually a foreigner, who helps a host family with childcare, housework, or both while staying as a guest with a host family, and generally receives a small allowance (or pocket money).


lexentry: eng/auctioneer__Noun__1
written_rep: auctioneer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aukcjoner
sense_list:
An individual who conducts an auction on behalf of a vendor, accepting bids to find the best price for the vendor.


lexentry: eng/audience__Noun__1
written_rep: audience
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: publika | widownia | audytorium
sense_list:
A group of people within hearing; specifically, a large gathering of people listening to or watching a performance, speech, etc. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/audience_hall__Noun__1
written_rep: audience hall
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aula
sense_list:
A room in which a ruler or religious official holds audience (i.e. a formal meeting with a dignitary).


lexentry: eng/audio_guide__Noun__1
written_rep: audio guide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: audioprzewodnik
sense_list:
Any of various forms of apparatus, either fixed or mobile, used to provide audio information at an exhibition, archeological site etc.


lexentry: eng/audiobook__Noun__1
written_rep: audiobook
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: audiobook | książka mówiona
sense_list:
A recording, usually made available for sale, of a reading of the full text or of an abridgement of a book.


lexentry: eng/audiology__Noun__1
written_rep: audiology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: audiologia
sense_list:
An allied health profession pertaining to the assessment and rehabilitation of hearing and balance disorders.


lexentry: eng/audiometry__Noun__1
written_rep: audiometry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: audiometria
sense_list:
(medicine) The quantitative assessment of a person's hearing ability, especially by means of an audiometer.


lexentry: eng/audit__Noun__1
written_rep: audit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: audyt
sense_list:
A judicial examination. | An independent review and examination of records and activities to assess the adequacy of system controls, to ensure compliance with established policies and operational procedures, and to recommend necessary changes in controls, policies, or procedures


lexentry: eng/auditor__Noun__1
written_rep: auditor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: audytor
sense_list:
One who audits bookkeeping accounts. | In many jurisdictions, an elected or appointed public official in charge of the public accounts; a comptroller.


lexentry: eng/auditor__Noun__1
written_rep: auditor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: audytor | audytorka
sense_list:
One who audits an academic course; who attends the lectures but does not earn academic credit. | (rare) One who listens, typically as a member of an audience.


lexentry: eng/augite__Noun__1
written_rep: augite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: augit
sense_list:
(mineral) A variety of pyroxene, usually of a black or dark green color, occurring in igneous rocks, such as basalt.


lexentry: eng/augment__Noun__1
written_rep: augment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: augment
sense_list:
(Indo-European languages) In some languages, a prefix *é- (अ- in Sanskrit, ἐ- in Greek) indicating a past tense of a verb.


lexentry: eng/augmentation__Noun__1
written_rep: augmentation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: augmentacja | powiększenie
sense_list:
The act or process of augmenting. | (heraldry) A particular mark of honour, granted by the sovereign in consideration of some noble action, or by favour; and either quartered with the family arms, or on an escutcheon or canton.


lexentry: eng/augmentation__Noun__1
written_rep: augmentation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: augmentacja
sense_list:
(music) A compositional technique where the composer lengthens the melody by lengthening its note values.


lexentry: eng/augur__Noun__1
written_rep: augur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: augur | wróżbita | wróżbitka
sense_list:
A diviner who foretells events by the behaviour of birds or other animals, or by signs derived from celestial phenomena, or unusual occurrences.


lexentry: eng/augur__Verb__1
written_rep: augur
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przepowiadać | wróżyć | zapowiadać
sense_list:
To foretell events; to exhibit signs of future events; to indicate a favorable or an unfavorable outcome.


lexentry: eng/augury__Noun__1
written_rep: augury
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przepowiednia
sense_list:
A divination based on the appearance and behaviour of animals. | (by extension) An omen or prediction; a foreboding; a prophecy.


lexentry: eng/aunt__Noun__1
written_rep: aunt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ciotka | ciocia
sense_list:
(affectionate) A woman of an older generation than oneself, especially a friend of one's parents, by means of fictive kin.


lexentry: eng/auricular__Adjective__1
written_rep: auricular
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: audialny | audytywny | słuchowy | uszny
sense_list:
(art, relational) Pertaining to a style of ornamental decoration, originating in Northern Europe in the first half of the 17th century, that uses softly flowing abstract shapes in relief some of which bear a resemblance to the human ear; commonly used in silverware, picture frames, and architecture.


lexentry: eng/aurora__Noun__1
written_rep: aurora
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zorza polarna | aurora | zorza poranna
sense_list:
An atmospheric phenomenon created by charged particles from the sun striking the upper atmosphere, creating coloured lights in the sky. It is usually named australis or borealis based on whether it is in the Southern or Northern Hemisphere respectively.


lexentry: eng/auscultation__Noun__1
written_rep: auscultation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: auskultacja
sense_list:
(medicine) Diagnosis of disorders by listening to the sounds of the internal organs, usually using a stethoscope.


lexentry: eng/autarky__Noun__1
written_rep: autarky
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: autarkia | autarchia | autarkizm
sense_list:
(uncountable) (A policy of) national economic self-sufficiency, aimed at ending reliance on foreign imports to sustain a domestic economy.


lexentry: eng/auteur__Noun__1
written_rep: auteur
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autor
sense_list:
A creative artist, especially a film director, seen as having a specific, recognisable artistic vision, and who is seen as the single or preeminent ‘author’ of their works.


lexentry: eng/authenticate__Verb__1
written_rep: authenticate
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: okazać
sense_list:
(transitive) To render authentic; to give authority to, by the proof, attestation, or formalities required by law, or sufficient to entitle to credit.


lexentry: eng/authenticity__Noun__1
written_rep: authenticity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autentyczność | prawdziwość | autentyka | autentyzm
sense_list:
The quality of being genuine or not corrupted from the original, of having the same origin (or attribution, commitment, intention, etc.) as claimed.


lexentry: eng/author__Noun__1
written_rep: author
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autor | autorka
sense_list:
The originator or creator of a work, especially of a literary composition; or, one of the creators of a collaborative work.


lexentry: eng/authoritarian__Adjective__1
written_rep: authoritarian
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autorytarny | autorytatywny
sense_list:
Of, or relating to, or exhibiting strict obedience to an authority; favoring authoritarianism over civic and individual liberties.


lexentry: eng/authoritarianism__Noun__1
written_rep: authoritarianism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autorytaryzm
sense_list:
A form of government in which the governing body has absolute, or almost absolute, control. Typically this control is maintained by force, and little heed is paid to public opinion or the judicial system.


lexentry: eng/authority__Noun__1
written_rep: authority
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autorytet | władza | powaga
sense_list:
(uncountable) Power or right to make or enforce rules or give orders; or a position having such power or right.


lexentry: eng/authorization__Noun__1
written_rep: authorization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: umocowanie | upoważnienie | zezwolenie
sense_list:
(uncountable) The state of being authorized to do something or to be somewhere; formally granted permission.


lexentry: eng/authorize__Verb__1
written_rep: authorize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autoryzować
sense_list:
(transitive) To grant (someone) the permission or power necessary to do (something); to permit; to sanction or consent to.


lexentry: eng/autism__Noun__1
written_rep: autism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autyzm
sense_list:
(clinical psychology) A pervasive neurological condition that is observable in early childhood and persists throughout the lifespan, characterised by atypical communication, language development, eye contact, and sensory experiences. | (clinical psychology, obsolete) A diagnosis involving a pathological tendency to engage in self-centered fantasy thinking, historically considered a symptom of insanity and/or schizophrenia.


lexentry: eng/auto_racing__Noun__1
written_rep: auto racing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: automobilizm | sport samochodowy
sense_list:
(motor racing) Any of various sports in which automobiles (motor cars) are raced, either around a track, on roads or across country


lexentry: eng/auto_rickshaw__Noun__1
written_rep: auto rickshaw
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autoriksza
sense_list:
A motorized rickshaw of South, Southeast and East Asia, often available for hire in the manner of a taxi.


lexentry: eng/autoblock__Noun__1
written_rep: autoblock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bloker
sense_list:
(climbing) A technique used in rappelling and ascending, with a friction hitch around the climbing rope.


lexentry: eng/autocephaly__Noun__1
written_rep: autocephaly
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autokefalia
sense_list:
(Christianity) The condition where a church's leaders have severed ties to a larger body and thus no longer report to a higher authority.


lexentry: eng/autochory__Noun__1
written_rep: autochory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autochoria | samosiewność
sense_list:
(ecology) Self-dispersal of seeds, the physical and often explosive discharge of seeds from the fruit.


lexentry: eng/autochthon__Noun__1
written_rep: autochthon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: autochton
sense_list:
(geology) A large mass of rock in the place of its original formation, rooted to its basement (foundation rock) as opposed to an allochthon or nappe which has shifted from the place of formation; an autochthonous rock formation.


lexentry: eng/autoclave__Noun__1
written_rep: autoclave
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autoklaw
sense_list:
A strong, pressurized, heated vessel, as for laboratory experiments, sterilization, cooking or mineral processing.


lexentry: eng/autocratic__Adjective__1
written_rep: autocratic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autokratyczny | absolutystyczny | jedynowładczy
sense_list:
Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute; holding independent and arbitrary powers of government.


lexentry: eng/autocross__Noun__1
written_rep: autocross
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autocross
sense_list:
A form of motorsport that tests the skill and speed of a driver over a course marked out with traffic cones


lexentry: eng/autocycle__Noun__1
written_rep: autocycle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autocykl
sense_list:
A vehicle somewhat like a moped, having a small motor where the pedals would be, and a petrol tank located within the frame.


lexentry: eng/autofocus__Noun__1
written_rep: autofocus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autofocus | autofokus
sense_list:
(electronics, photography) A feature of some cameras and other optical systems that allows a correct focus on the subject to be obtained automatically


lexentry: eng/autogamy__Noun__1
written_rep: autogamy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autogamia | samopylność | samozapłodnienie
sense_list:
Self-fertilization, the fertilizing pollen being derived from the same blossom as the pistil acted upon.


lexentry: eng/autogenic_training__Noun__1
written_rep: autogenic training
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: trening autogeniczny
sense_list:
A type of self-hypnotic relaxation technique developed by German psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz.


lexentry: eng/autogiro__Noun__1
written_rep: autogiro
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autożyro | wiatrakowiec
sense_list:
(aircraft) An aircraft in which lift is provided by unpowered rotating wings and thrust is provided by a conventional propeller.


lexentry: eng/autograph__Noun__1
written_rep: autograph
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autograf
sense_list:
A person’s own handwriting, especially the signature of a famous or admired person. | (by extension, colloquial) A person's signature used as a mark of formal approval.


lexentry: eng/autographical__Adjective__1
written_rep: autographical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autograficzny
sense_list:
Relating to an autograph, or one's own handwriting. | Relating to, or used in, the process of autography (in lithography).


lexentry: eng/autogynephilia__Noun__1
written_rep: autogynephilia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autoginefilia
sense_list:
In Ray Blanchard's transsexualism typology, the proposed paraphilic tendency of someone who is anatomically male to be sexually aroused by the thought of being a female, sometimes framed as a form of gender identity disorder or transvestic fetishism.


lexentry: eng/autohemotherapy__Noun__1
written_rep: autohemotherapy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autohemoterapia
sense_list:
(medicine) The intramuscular or subcutaneous, immediate hypodermic reinjection of blood previously removed from the patient.


lexentry: eng/autolysis__Noun__1
written_rep: autolysis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autoliza
sense_list:
(pathology, cytology) The destruction of an organism's cells by enzymes produced by the organism itself.


lexentry: eng/automagical__Adjective__1
written_rep: automagical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: automagiczny
sense_list:
(computing, technology, informal) Automatic, but with an apparent element of magic. Commonly referring to complex technical processes hidden from the view of users or operators, resulting in technology that "just works".


lexentry: eng/automated_teller_machine__Noun__1
written_rep: automated teller machine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bankomat
sense_list:
(banking) A device that provides bank customers with cash withdrawal and other services without the need for a human teller.


lexentry: eng/automatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: automatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: automatyczny
sense_list:
(of a firearm such as a machine gun) Firing continuously as long as the trigger is pressed until ammunition is exhausted.


lexentry: eng/automatic_transmission__Noun__1
written_rep: automatic transmission
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: automat
sense_list:
(automotive) A vehicle transmission which shifts gears automatically in response to vehicle speed and/or load, and does not require any driver input to manually change gears under normal driving conditions; an automatic gearbox.


lexentry: eng/automation__Noun__1
written_rep: automation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: automatyzacja
sense_list:
The act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls.


lexentry: eng/automatism__Noun__1
written_rep: automatism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: automatyzm
sense_list:
(uncountable) The doctrine that animals are automata, operating according to mechanical laws. | (countable, psychology) An action performed subconsciously, without any apparent direction from the mind; a thought which appears spontaneously in one's consciousness.


lexentry: eng/automaton__Noun__1
written_rep: automaton
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: automat
sense_list:
A person who acts like a machine or robot, often defined as having a monotonous lifestyle and lacking in emotion.


lexentry: eng/automobile__Noun__1
written_rep: automobile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: samochód | auto | automobil | fura
sense_list:
(US, Canada, Philippines, AU, NZ) A type of motor vehicle designed to move on the ground under its own stored power and intended to carry a driver, a small number of additional passengers, and a very limited amount of other load. A car or motorcar.


lexentry: eng/autonomic__Adjective__1
written_rep: autonomic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autonomiczny
sense_list:
(neurology) Acting or occurring involuntarily, without conscious control. | (neuroanatomy, neurology) Pertaining to the autonomic nervous system.


lexentry: eng/autonomic_nervous_system__Noun__1
written_rep: autonomic nervous system
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autonomiczny układ nerwowy | wegetatywny układ nerwowy
sense_list:
(neuroanatomy) In humans and other vertebrates, the part of the nervous system that regulates the involuntary activity of the heart, intestines and glands. These activities include digestion, respiration, perspiration, metabolism, and the modulation of blood pressure.


lexentry: eng/autonomous__Adjective__1
written_rep: autonomous
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: autonomiczny | samodzielny
sense_list:
Acting on one's own or independently; of a child, acting without being governed by parental or guardian rules.


lexentry: eng/autonomous_oblast__Noun__1
written_rep: autonomous oblast
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obwód autonomiczny
sense_list:
One of the administrative divisions of the former Soviet Union created for certain “smaller” nations and characterized by following features: they were given an autonomy within a union republic or, in the RSFSR, within a krai; had a status lower than an autonomous republic; had a different titular nation from that of their union republic/krai. Abbreviated as AO.


lexentry: eng/autonomous_sensory_meridian_response__Noun__1
written_rep: autonomous sensory meridian response
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: samoistna odpowiedź meridianów czuciowych
sense_list:
A frisson characterized by a tingling sensation on the skin that typically begins on the scalp and moves down the back of the neck and upper spine.


lexentry: eng/autonomous_vehicle__Noun__1
written_rep: autonomous vehicle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: samochód autonomiczny
sense_list:
A vehicle that uses mechatronics, artificial intelligence and a multi-agent system to assist its human operator.


lexentry: eng/autonomy__Noun__1
written_rep: autonomy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: autonomia | autonomiczność
sense_list:
(government, countable) A self-governing country or region. | (mechanics, uncountable) The capacity of a system to make a decision about its actions without the involvement of another system or operator. | (Christianity, uncountable) The status of a church whose highest-ranking bishop is appointed by the patriarch of the mother church, but which is self-governing in all other respects. Compare autocephaly.


lexentry: eng/autophagy__Noun__1
written_rep: autophagy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autofagia | autofagocytoza
sense_list:
(cytology) The process of self-digestion by a cell through the action of enzymes originating within the same cell, and often a defensive or self-preservation measure.


lexentry: eng/autopilot__Noun__1
written_rep: autopilot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: automatyczny pilot | autopilot
sense_list:
(aviation, nautical) A mechanical, electrical, or hydraulic system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a human being.


lexentry: eng/autoplasty__Noun__1
written_rep: autoplasty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przeszczep
sense_list:
(medicine, surgery, dated) The process of artificially repairing lesions by taking a piece of healthy tissue, as from a neighboring part, to supply the deficiency caused by disease or wounds. In present-day contexts likelier to be called autotransplantation or autografting.


lexentry: eng/autoprotolysis__Noun__1
written_rep: autoprotolysis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autojonizacja | autoprotoliza
sense_list:
(chemistry) The autoionization of water (or similar compounds) in which a proton (hydrogen ion) is transferred to form a cation and an anion e.g. 2H2O => H3O+ + OH-


lexentry: eng/autoregulation__Noun__1
written_rep: autoregulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autoregulacja
sense_list:
(biology) Any of several physiological processes in which an inhibitory feedback system counteracts change.


lexentry: eng/autosuggestion__Noun__1
written_rep: autosuggestion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autosugestia
sense_list:
(psychology, uncountable) The practice of suggesting thoughts to oneself, as in autohypnosis. | (psychology, countable) An instance of suggesting a thought to oneself.


lexentry: eng/autotelic__Adjective__1
written_rep: autotelic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autoteliczny
sense_list:
(psychology, of an activity, process, person or personality) Containing its own meaning or purpose; deriving meaning and purpose from within.


lexentry: eng/autotherapy__Noun__1
written_rep: autotherapy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autoterapia
sense_list:
(medicine) The spontaneous cure of a medical condition. | (medicine) Self-treatment of a medical condition. | (medicine) Treament of a disease by administration of filtrates from the patient's own pathological secretions, such as the ingestion of discharge from wounds.


lexentry: eng/autotomy__Noun__1
written_rep: autotomy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autotomia
sense_list:
(chiefly, _, zoology) The spontaneous removal of a limb, tail etc, especially by some invertebrates as a self-defense mechanism.


lexentry: eng/autotroph__Noun__1
written_rep: autotroph
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autotrof
sense_list:
(ecology) Any organism that can synthesize its food from inorganic substances, using heat or light as a source of energy.


lexentry: eng/autotrophy__Noun__1
written_rep: autotrophy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: autotrofia | autotrofizm | samożywność
sense_list:
(biology) The synthesis of food from inorganic substances, using heat or light as a source of energy


lexentry: eng/autumn__Noun__1
written_rep: autumn
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jesień
sense_list:
Traditionally the third of the four seasons, when deciduous trees lose their leaves; typically regarded as being from September 24 to December 22 in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, and the months of March, April and May in the Southern Hemisphere. | (fashion) A person with relatively dark hair and a warm skin tone, seen as best suited to certain colours in clothing.


lexentry: eng/autumnal_equinox__Noun__1
written_rep: autumnal equinox
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: równonoc jesienna
sense_list:
(astronomy) The moment when the sun appears to cross the celestial equator while tilting away from the observer, taking place in September in the northern hemisphere and March in the southern hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/auxiliary_verb__Noun__1
written_rep: auxiliary verb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czasownik posiłkowy
sense_list:
(grammar) A verb that accompanies the main verb in a clause in order to make distinctions in tense, mood, voice or aspect.


lexentry: eng/auxin__Noun__1
written_rep: auxin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: auksyna
sense_list:
(botany, hormone) A class of plant growth substance (often called phytohormones or plant hormones) which play an essential role in coordination of many growth and behavioral processes in the plant life cycle.


lexentry: eng/avail__Verb__1
written_rep: avail
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: chwytać
sense_list:
(intransitive) To be of use or advantage; to answer or serve the purpose; to have strength, force, or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object.


lexentry: eng/aval__Noun__1
written_rep: aval
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: awal
sense_list:
(finance, law) A financial guarantee by a third party to assume the burden of a debt, especially a bill of exchange in the event of default.


lexentry: eng/avalanche__Noun__1
written_rep: avalanche
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: lawina | awalansza
sense_list:
A large mass or body of snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling down a precipice.


lexentry: eng/avalanche__Noun__1
written_rep: avalanche
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: lawina
sense_list:
A fall of earth, rocks, etc., similar to that of an avalanche of snow or ice. | (by extension) A sudden, great, or irresistible descent or influx; anything like an avalanche in suddenness and overwhelming quantity.


lexentry: eng/avania__Noun__1
written_rep: avania
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: afront
sense_list:
(historical) A tax or fee imposed on foreigners under the Ottoman Empire, especially one considered to be irregular or extortionate.


lexentry: eng/avant-garde__Noun__1
written_rep: avant-garde
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: awangarda
sense_list:
(obsolete) The vanguard of an army or other force. | Any group of people who invent or promote new techniques or concepts, especially in the arts.


lexentry: eng/avarice__Noun__1
written_rep: avarice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chciwość
sense_list:
Excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greed for wealth | Inordinate desire for some supposed good.


lexentry: eng/avaricious__Adjective__1
written_rep: avaricious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chciwy | skąpy
sense_list:
Actuated by avarice; extremely greedy for wealth or material gain; immoderately desirous of accumulating property.


lexentry: eng/avatar__Noun__1
written_rep: avatar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: awatar | awatara | personifikacja | ucieleśnienie
sense_list:
(internet, video games) A complex and dynamic digital representation of a person or being in the form of a digital model, used online as a simulation or emulation of a person, or as a person's online alter ego, in a virtual world, virtual chat room, or metaverse.


lexentry: eng/avenge__Verb__1
written_rep: avenge
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pomścić | mścić | zemścić
sense_list:
(transitive) To take vengeance (for); to exact satisfaction for by punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a wrongdoer. | (transitive, archaic) To treat revengefully; to wreak vengeance on.


lexentry: eng/aventail__Noun__1
written_rep: aventail
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kołnierz
sense_list:
A curtain or flap of chainmail, fastened to a helmet, or to a coif (hood) of mail, covering the lower face, neck, and shoulders.


lexentry: eng/aventurine__Noun__1
written_rep: aventurine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: awanturyn | awenturyn | kwarc awenturynowy
sense_list:
(mineral, by extension) A variety of translucent quartz, spangled throughout with scales of yellow mica.


lexentry: eng/avenue__Noun__1
written_rep: avenue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: aleja | podjazd
sense_list:
The principal walk or approach to a house which is withdrawn from the road, especially, such approach bordered on each side by trees; any broad passageway thus bordered.


lexentry: eng/average__Adjective__1
written_rep: average
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: przeciętny
sense_list:
Neither very good nor very bad; rated somewhere in the middle of all others in the same category. | Typical.


lexentry: eng/aviary__Noun__1
written_rep: aviary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ptaszarnia
sense_list:
A house, enclosure, large cage, or other place for keeping birds confined; a birdhouse. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/aviator__Noun__1
written_rep: aviator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: lotnik | awiator
sense_list:
An aircraft pilot, especially a military pilot. The use of the word may imply claims of superior airmanship, as in navy aviator vs. air force pilot.


lexentry: eng/avionics__Noun__1
written_rep: avionics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: awionika
sense_list:
(aviation) The science and technology of the development and use of electrical and electronic devices in aviation. | (aviation) The devices used in avionics.


lexentry: eng/avocado__Noun__1
written_rep: avocado
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: awokado | smaczliwka
sense_list:
The large, usually yellowish-green or black, savory fruit of the avocado tree. | The avocado tree, Persea americana, of the laurel family.


lexentry: eng/avocet__Noun__1
written_rep: avocet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szablodziób
sense_list:
Any of four species of wading birds in the genus Recurvirostra, of the family Recurvirostridae, with long, slender recurved bills, long legs, and webbed feet. It is the logo of the RSPB (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds)


lexentry: eng/avoid__Verb__1
written_rep: avoid
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: unikać
sense_list:
(transitive) To try not to meet or communicate with (a person); to shun | To try not to do something or to have something happen


lexentry: eng/avoidance__Noun__1
written_rep: avoidance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: uniknięcie
sense_list:
(obsolete) The act of becoming vacant, or the state of being vacant, specifically used for the state of a benefice becoming void by the death, deprivation, or resignation of the incumbent.


lexentry: eng/avow__Verb__1
written_rep: avow
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyznawać
sense_list:
(transitive) To declare openly and boldly, as something believed to be right; to own, acknowledge or confess frankly.


lexentry: eng/await__Verb__1
written_rep: await
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: czekać | oczekiwać
sense_list:
(transitive) To be in store for; to be ready or in waiting for. | (transitive, intransitive) To serve or attend; to wait on, wait upon.


lexentry: eng/awake__Verb__1
written_rep: awake
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obudzić się
sense_list:
(intransitive) To become conscious after having slept. | (transitive) To cause (somebody) to stop sleeping. | (transitive) To excite or to stir up something latent.


lexentry: eng/awaken__Verb__1
written_rep: awaken
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: obudzić się
sense_list:
(intransitive) To stop sleeping; awake. | (transitive, figurative) To bring into action (something previously dormant); to stimulate.


lexentry: eng/award__Noun__1
written_rep: award
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: nagroda | odznaczenie
sense_list:
A trophy or medal; something that denotes an accomplishment, especially in a competition. A prize or honor based on merit.


lexentry: eng/awareness__Noun__1
written_rep: awareness
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: świadomość
sense_list:
The state or level of consciousness where sense data can be confirmed by an observer. | The state or quality of being aware of something.


lexentry: eng/awl__Noun__1
written_rep: awl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szydło
sense_list:
A pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or wood; used by shoemakers, saddlers, cabinetmakers, etc. The blade is differently shaped and pointed for different uses, as in the brad awl, saddler's awl, shoemaker's awl, etc.


lexentry: eng/awning__Noun__1
written_rep: awning
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: markiza
sense_list:
A rooflike cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind.


lexentry: eng/axe__Noun__1
written_rep: axe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: siekiera | topór
sense_list:
A tool for felling trees or chopping wood etc. consisting of a heavy head flattened to a blade on one side, and a handle attached to it.


lexentry: eng/axil__Noun__1
written_rep: axil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pacha
sense_list:
(botany) The angle or point of divergence between the upper side of a branch, leaf, or petiole, and the stem or branch from which it springs.


lexentry: eng/axinite__Noun__1
written_rep: axinite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aksynit
sense_list:
(mineral) A borosilicate of aluminum, iron, and lime, commonly found in glassy, brown crystals with acute edges.


lexentry: eng/axiology__Noun__1
written_rep: axiology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aksjologia
sense_list:
(uncountable, philosophy) The study of value(s), as regards origin, nature, functions, types, and interrelations; value theory. | (countable) The particular value-theory of a philosopher, school of thought, etc.


lexentry: eng/axiom__Noun__1
written_rep: axiom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aksjomat | pewnik
sense_list:
(philosophy) A seemingly self-evident or necessary truth which is based on assumption; a principle or proposition which cannot actually be proved or disproved. | (logic, mathematics, proof theory) A fundamental assumption that serves as a basis for deduction of theorems; a postulate (sometimes distinguished from postulates as being universally applicable, whereas postulates are particular to a certain science or context).


lexentry: eng/axiom_of_choice__Noun__1
written_rep: axiom of choice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aksjomat wyboru | pewnik wyboru
sense_list:
(set theory) One of the axioms of set theory, equivalent to the statement that an arbitrary direct product of non-empty sets is non-empty; any version of said axiom, for example specifying the cardinality of the number of sets from which choices are made.


lexentry: eng/axiom_of_extensionality__Noun__1
written_rep: axiom of extensionality
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aksjomat ekstensjonalności
sense_list:
(set theory) One of the axioms in axiomatic set theory, equivalent to the statement that two sets are equal if and only if they contain the same elements.


lexentry: eng/axiom_of_infinity__Noun__1
written_rep: axiom of infinity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aksjomat nieskończoności
sense_list:
(set theory) One of the axioms in axiomatic set theory that guarantees the existence of an infinite set.


lexentry: eng/axiom_of_pairing__Noun__1
written_rep: axiom of pairing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aksjomat pary
sense_list:
(set theory) One of the axioms in axiomatic set theory, equivalent to the statement that if two sets exist, there exists a set with those two sets as its sole elements.


lexentry: eng/axiom_of_regularity__Noun__1
written_rep: axiom of regularity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aksjomat regularności
sense_list:
(set theory) One of the axioms in axiomatic set theory, equivalent to the statement that every non-empty set contains a member that is disjoint from that set.


lexentry: eng/axiom_of_union__Noun__1
written_rep: axiom of union
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aksjomat sumy
sense_list:
(set theory) One of the axioms in axiomatic set theory, equivalent to the statement that a union exists for any set, containing exactly all the elements contained within the sets within that set.


lexentry: eng/axiomatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: axiomatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aksjomatyczny
sense_list:
Self-evident or unquestionable. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.] | (mathematics) Relating to or containing axioms. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/axiomatization__Noun__1
written_rep: axiomatization
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aksjomatyzacja
sense_list:
The reduction of some system or concept to a set of axioms. | The result of establishing a concept within a system of axioms; axiomatic system.


lexentry: eng/axion__Noun__1
written_rep: axion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aksjon
sense_list:
(physics) A hypothetical subatomic particle postulated to resolve certain symmetry problems concerning the strong nuclear force.


lexentry: eng/axis__Noun__1
written_rep: axis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oś
sense_list:
(geometry) An imaginary line around which an object spins (an axis of rotation) or is symmetrically arranged (an axis of symmetry). | (mathematics) A fixed one-dimensional figure, such as a line or arc, with an origin and orientation and such that its points are in one-to-one correspondence with a set of numbers; an axis forms part of the basis of a space or is used to position and locate data in a graph (a coordinate axis)


lexentry: eng/axis_of_evil__Noun__1
written_rep: axis of evil
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oś zła
sense_list:
A group of states accused by George W. Bush of sponsoring terrorism and seeking weapons of mass destruction, originally defined as Iran, Iraq, and North Korea.


lexentry: eng/axle__Noun__2
written_rep: axle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oś
sense_list:
The pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel. | (geometry, astronomy, archaic) An axis.


lexentry: eng/axletree__Noun__1
written_rep: axletree
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: łodyga
sense_list:
A bar or beam of wood or iron, connecting the opposite wheels of a carriage, on the ends of which the wheels revolve.


lexentry: eng/axon__Noun__1
written_rep: axon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akson | neuryt
sense_list:
(cytology) A nerve fibre which is a long slender projection of a nerve cell, and which conducts nerve impulses away from the body of the cell to a synapse.


lexentry: eng/axonometric__Adjective__1
written_rep: axonometric
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: aksonometryczny
sense_list:
(technical drawing) Describing a projection in which the horizontal and vertical axes are to the same scale, but the third axis is reduced to allow for perspective


lexentry: eng/aye-aye__Noun__1
written_rep: aye-aye
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: palczak madagaskarski | palczak
sense_list:
The lemur Daubentonia madagascariensis, a solitary nocturnal quadruped found in Madagascar and remarkable for its long fingers, sharp nails, and rodent-like incisor teeth.


lexentry: eng/aye_aye,_sir__Phrase__1
written_rep: aye aye, sir
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tak jest
sense_list:
(idiomatic, nautical) The correct and seamanlike reply, onboard a Royal Navy (or US Navy) ship, on receipt of an order from someone of senior rank or authority. It means "I understand the command and hasten to comply with the order."


lexentry: eng/azeotrope__Noun__1
written_rep: azeotrope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: azeotrop
sense_list:
(physics) A mixture of two or more substances whose liquid and gaseous forms have the same composition (at a certain pressure); the substances cannot be separated by normal distillation.


lexentry: eng/azimuth__Noun__1
written_rep: azimuth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: azymut
sense_list:
An arc of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the place and a vertical circle passing through the center of any object. | The quadrant of an azimuth circle.


lexentry: eng/azo_compound__Noun__1
written_rep: azo compound
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: azozwiązek
sense_list:
(organic compound) an organic compound of the general formula R-N=N-R1; they are often colored and are the basis of many synthetic dyes; a diazene


lexentry: eng/azotometer__Noun__1
written_rep: azotometer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: azotometr
sense_list:
(inorganic chemistry, obsolete) An apparatus for measuring or determining the proportion of nitrogen.


lexentry: eng/azure__Noun__1
written_rep: azure
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: błękit | lazur
sense_list:
(countable, and, uncountable) The clear blue colour of the sky; also, a pigment or dye of this colour. | (poetic) The unclouded sky; the blue vault above.


lexentry: eng/azurite__Noun__1
written_rep: azurite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: azuryt
sense_list:
(mineral) A blue vitreous mineral; a basic hydrated copper carbonate, with the chemical formula Cu2+3(CO3)2(OH)2, used since antiquity as a blue pigment or ores to extract metallic copper.


lexentry: eng/baba__Noun__1
written_rep: baba
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: baba
sense_list:
A kind of sponge cake soaked in rum-flavoured syrup. | (Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism) A holy man, a spiritual leader.


lexentry: eng/baba_ganoush__Noun__1
written_rep: baba ganoush
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: baba ghanoush
sense_list:
A Middle Eastern dish made from a purée of roasted aubergine (eggplant), garlic, and tahini, often eaten as a dip with bread.


lexentry: eng/babiroussa__Noun__1
written_rep: babiroussa
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: babirussa
sense_list:
Any large hoglike quadruped, of the genus Babyrousa, found in the East Indies, sometimes domesticated, with its upper canine teeth or tusks large and recurved.


lexentry: eng/babirusa__Noun__1
written_rep: babirusa
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: babirusa
sense_list:
Any of several mammals in the genus Babyrousa in the pig family Suidae, in which the upper tusk grows upward.


lexentry: eng/babka__Noun__1
written_rep: babka
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: babka
sense_list:
A Central and Eastern European coffee cake flavored with orange rind, rum, almonds, and raisins; or with some single flavoring, e.g. chocolate, lemon, etc.


lexentry: eng/baboon__Noun__1
written_rep: baboon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pawian
sense_list:
An Old World monkey of the genus Papio, having dog-like muzzles and large canine teeth, cheek pouches, a short tail, and naked callosities on the buttocks. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.] | (colloquial, derogatory) A foolish or boorish person.


lexentry: eng/babushka__Noun__1
written_rep: babushka
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: chusta
sense_list:
(Northern US) A traditional floral headscarf worn by an Eastern European woman, tied under the chin.


lexentry: eng/baby's_breath__Noun__1
written_rep: baby's breath
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obłok
sense_list:
A genus, Gypsophila, of about 100 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Europe, Asia and north Africa.


lexentry: eng/baby__Noun__1
written_rep: baby
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: niemowlę | niemowlak | dzidziuś | dziecko | maluch
sense_list:
A very young human, particularly from birth to a couple of years old or until walking is fully mastered. | A very young human, even if not yet born.


lexentry: eng/baby__Noun__1
written_rep: baby
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: kochanie | skarb
sense_list:
A person's romantic partner; a term of endearment used to refer to or address one's girlfriend, boyfriend or spouse.


lexentry: eng/baby_boom__Noun__1
written_rep: baby boom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: wyż demograficzny
sense_list:
(singulare tantum) The increase in the birth rate following the return of servicemen at the end of World War II.


lexentry: eng/baby_face__Noun__1
written_rep: baby face
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: słodki
sense_list:
(professional wrestling, slang) A headlining wrestler with a persona embodying heroic or virtuous traits and who is regarded as a "good guy", especially one who is handsome and well-conditioned.


lexentry: eng/baby_hatch__Noun__1
written_rep: baby hatch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: okno życia
sense_list:
A place where a person (typically the mother) can bring a baby to abandon it so that somebody else can find and care for it.


lexentry: eng/baby_powder__Noun__1
written_rep: baby powder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zasypka
sense_list:
An astringent powder used for preventing diaper rash, as a deodorant, and for other cosmetic purposes.


lexentry: eng/babysitter__Noun__1
written_rep: babysitter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: baby-sitterka
sense_list:
A person who cares for one or more babies or children for a short period of time in place of their legal guardians.


lexentry: eng/baccalaureate__Noun__1
written_rep: baccalaureate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bakalaureat
sense_list:
A high school completion exam and qualification awarded in many countries (e.g. Finland, France, Moldova, Romania), designed to enable students to go on to higher education.


lexentry: eng/baccarat__Noun__1
written_rep: baccarat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bakarat
sense_list:
(card games) A card game resembling chemin de fer with many forms - usually entailing the player(s) betting against two or three hands dealt - also bearing some similarities to blackjack.


lexentry: eng/bachelor_pad__Noun__1
written_rep: bachelor pad
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: garsoniera
sense_list:
(US) A nice, well-furnished dwelling where an unmarried man lives, usually by himself, but sometimes with other men.


lexentry: eng/bachelor_party__Noun__1
written_rep: bachelor party
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wieczór kawalerski
sense_list:
(US, Canada, South Africa) A party held for a man who is about to be married, normally attended only by male friends and relatives.


lexentry: eng/bacillus__Noun__1
written_rep: bacillus
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: laseczka | pałeczka
sense_list:
Any of various rod-shaped, spore-forming aerobic bacteria in the genus Bacillus, some of which cause disease.


lexentry: eng/back-formation__Noun__1
written_rep: back-formation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: derywacja wsteczna
sense_list:
(uncountable, linguistics) The process by which a new word is formed from an older word by interpreting the former as a derivative of the latter, often by removing a morpheme (real or perceived) from the older word, such as the verb burgle, formed by removing -ar (perceived as an agent-noun suffix) from burglar.


lexentry: eng/back-of-the-envelope__Adjective__1
written_rep: back-of-the-envelope
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kapsel do piwa
sense_list:
(idiomatic, informal) Especially of a calculation, estimation, or other reasoning, or an idea: approximate, rough, simplified. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/back-seat_driver__Noun__1
written_rep: back-seat driver
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: pasażer dający niepożądane rady
sense_list:
A person sitting (typically) in the back seat of a car issuing (unsolicited and usually unwanted) instructions to the driver.


lexentry: eng/back-seat_driver__Noun__1
written_rep: back-seat driver
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: niepożądany doradca | pasażer dający niepożądane rady
sense_list:
(figuratively) An opinionated person who offers (unsolicited and often unwanted) advice on the best way to handle a situation.


lexentry: eng/back-translation__Noun__1
written_rep: back-translation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: retranslacja
sense_list:
(translation studies, uncountable) The process of translating a previously translated document back into the original language. | (translation studies, countable) A text which has been translated in such a fashion.


lexentry: eng/back-transliteration__Noun__1
written_rep: back-transliteration
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: transliteracja wteczna
sense_list:
(translation studies, uncountable) The process of transliterating a transliteration back into the original script. | (translation studies, countable) A text formed through such a process.


lexentry: eng/back__Adjective__1
written_rep: back
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: tylny | zadni
sense_list:
(comparable, phonetics) Pronounced with the highest part of the body of the tongue toward the back of the mouth, near the soft palate (most often describing a vowel).


lexentry: eng/back__Noun__1
written_rep: back
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: plecy | tył | koniec | oparcie
sense_list:
The rear of the body, especially the part between the neck and the end of the spine and opposite the chest and belly.


lexentry: eng/back_and_forth__Noun__1
written_rep: back and forth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ruch tam i z powrotem
sense_list:
The movement (of someone or something) forward followed by a return to the same position. May refer to a concept such as an emotional state or a relationship as well as a physical thing.


lexentry: eng/back_away__Verb__1
written_rep: back away
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odkładać
sense_list:
(intransitive) To move in a direction opposite to that which one is facing, keeping one's attention on the thing in front being avoided.


lexentry: eng/back_cover__Noun__1
written_rep: back cover
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: grzbiet
sense_list:
The cover on the opposite side of the front cover of a book, magazine, etc; back of the book; associated with sports pages in publications.


lexentry: eng/back_down__Verb__1
written_rep: back down
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dać za wygraną | dawać za wygraną | wycofać
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To take a less aggressive position in a conflict than one previously has or has planned to.


lexentry: eng/back_in_the_day__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: back in the day
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kiedyś | powrotem w dzień
sense_list:
(temporal location, idiomatic, informal) In the distant past; especially, at a time fondly remembered (the good old days).


lexentry: eng/back_street__Noun__1
written_rep: back street
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zaułek
sense_list:
A usually small and narrow street or alley, especially one in inferior or poorer parts of a city, away from the centre.


lexentry: eng/back_vowel__Noun__1
written_rep: back vowel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: samogłoska tylna
sense_list:
(phonetics) Any vowel sound produced in the back of the mouth, such as /uː/ in rule or /əʊ/ in pole.


lexentry: eng/backbencher__Noun__1
written_rep: backbencher
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: członek parlamentu
sense_list:
(politics) A Member of Parliament who does not have cabinet rank, and who therefore sits on one of the backbenches or in one of the back rows of the legislature.


lexentry: eng/backbend__Noun__1
written_rep: backbend
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: most
sense_list:
(gymnastics, dance) A move in which the performer bends backwards until the hands touch the floor or catches him/herself with the hands.


lexentry: eng/backbone__Noun__1
written_rep: backbone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kręgosłup
sense_list:
The series of vertebrae, separated by disks, that encloses and protects the spinal cord, and runs down the middle of the back in vertebrate animals.


lexentry: eng/backgammon__Noun__1
written_rep: backgammon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tryktrak | nardy
sense_list:
A board game for two players in which each has 15 stones which move between 24 triangular points according to the roll of a pair of dice; the object is to move all of one's pieces around, and bear them off the board.


lexentry: eng/background_music__Noun__1
written_rep: background music
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: podkład
sense_list:
(music) Any music in a film, video game, or other medium that establishes mood and is not meant to have the audience's focus.


lexentry: eng/backhand__Noun__1
written_rep: backhand
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bekhend
sense_list:
(tennis) a stroke made across the chest from the off-hand side to the racquet hand side; a stroke during which the back of the hand faces the shot.


lexentry: eng/backhanded_compliment__Noun__1
written_rep: backhanded compliment
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dwuznaczny komplement
sense_list:
(idiomatic) An insult disguised as a compliment; a compliment which can be interpreted as an insult.


lexentry: eng/backheel__Noun__1
written_rep: backheel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: piętka | zagranie piętą
sense_list:
(soccer) A kick played by the heel which typically travels in the opposite direction from which the player is facing.


lexentry: eng/backhoe__Noun__1
written_rep: backhoe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: koparkoładowarka
sense_list:
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia) A multi-purpose tractor with a front-mounted loading bucket and a rear-mounted digging bucket. The tractor combines a front-end loader/loader (component) and an excavator/digger (component).


lexentry: eng/backlash__Noun__1
written_rep: backlash
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: luz
sense_list:
(mechanics) The looseness through which one part of connected machinery, such as a wheel, gear, piston, or screw, can be moved without moving the connected parts, or a measurement of the distance moved thereby; either intentional (as allowance) or unintentional (from error or wear).Wagon wheel structure showing felk


lexentry: eng/backpack__Noun__1
written_rep: backpack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: plecak
sense_list:
A knapsack, sometimes mounted on a light frame, but always supported by straps, worn on a person’s back for the purpose of carrying things, especially when hiking, or on a student's back when carrying books.


lexentry: eng/backpacker__Noun__1
written_rep: backpacker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: turysta z plecakiem | turystka z plecakiem
sense_list:
A traveler whose luggage consists of a backpack; especially, such a traveler who uses hostels, public transport, and other inexpensive services.


lexentry: eng/backpedal__Verb__1
written_rep: backpedal
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: wycofać się | wycofywać się
sense_list:
(intransitive, idiomatic) To distance oneself from an earlier claim or statement; back off from an idea.


lexentry: eng/backronym__Noun__1
written_rep: backronym
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wtórny akronim
sense_list:
A word that is originally not an acronym but is turned into one by devising a full form for it, sometimes as a folk etymology, sometimes as a contrived acronym to name a new organization, proposal, or other entity.


lexentry: eng/backroom__Noun__1
written_rep: backroom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zaplecze
sense_list:
A room near the rear of a premises, especially one that is only accessible to a privileged few and can be used as an inconspicuous meeting place.


lexentry: eng/backside__Noun__1
written_rep: backside
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: tyłek
sense_list:
(euphemism) A person's buttocks. | The back side of an estate: the backyard and outbuildings behind a main house, especially (UK, _, dialect, euphemism) an outhouse. | The back side of anything, the part opposite its front, particularly:


lexentry: eng/backspace__Noun__1
written_rep: backspace
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ustępować
sense_list:
(computing) A keyboard key used for removing a character behind the cursor, and moving the cursor one position backwards.


lexentry: eng/backstab__Verb__1
written_rep: backstab
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oszukiwać
sense_list:
(transitive) To attack someone (especially verbally) unfairly in a deceitful, underhand, or treacherous manner, especially when they're not present in the place or situation that it happens.


lexentry: eng/backstabber__Noun__1
written_rep: backstabber
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: żmija
sense_list:
A traitor or hypocrite, such as a co-worker or friend assumed trustworthy but who figuratively attacks when one's back is turned.


lexentry: eng/backstage__Noun__1
written_rep: backstage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: arierscena | zascenie
sense_list:
The area behind a stage out of view of the audience where performers wait to give their show; especially that of the dressing rooms.


lexentry: eng/backstay__Noun__1
written_rep: backstay
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: achtersztag | aftersztag
sense_list:
(nautical) A part of the rigging of a sailing ship extending from the top of the mast (masthead) to the back of the ship; they support the strain on all upper masts and provide additional support to the shrouds when the wind is abaft the beam.


lexentry: eng/backstitch__Noun__1
written_rep: backstitch
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stębnówka | ścieg stębnowy
sense_list:
(sewing) A type of sewing stitch where the stitch goes backwards on the top side of the fabric and doubles forward on the bottom, coming out farther in front, then repeats. The backstitch is a very tight and secure stitch, and also looks very neat.


lexentry: eng/backstory__Noun__1
written_rep: backstory
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: historia | przedakcja | realia
sense_list:
The previous experiences and life of a person, specifically (narratology, especially in, _, film, television) a character in a dramatic work.


lexentry: eng/backstroke__Noun__1
written_rep: backstroke
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: styl grzbietowy
sense_list:
(swimming) A stroke swum lying on one's back, while rotating both arms through the water as to propel the swimmer backwards.


lexentry: eng/backup__Noun__1
written_rep: backup
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: backup | kopia bezpieczeństwa | kopia zapasowa
sense_list:
(computing) A copy of a file or record, stored separately from the original, that can be used to recover the original if it is damaged or destroyed.


lexentry: eng/backward__Adjective__1
written_rep: backward
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: archaiczny | przestarzały
sense_list:
Situated toward or at the rear of something. | (chess) Of a pawn, further behind than pawns of the same colour on adjacent files and unable to be moved forward safely.


lexentry: eng/backwardation__Noun__1
written_rep: backwardation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: deport
sense_list:
In full normal backwardation: the situation in a futures market where the price for future delivery of a commodity (the forward price) is lower than the price for immediate delivery (the spot price) or nearer delivery, generally arising from a near-term shortage of the commodity.


lexentry: eng/backwater__Noun__1
written_rep: backwater
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: prowincja | zaścianek
sense_list:
(idiomatic) A remote place; somewhere that remains unaffected by new events, progresses, ideas, etc.


lexentry: eng/bacteriochlorophyll__Noun__1
written_rep: bacteriochlorophyll
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bakteriochlorofil | chlorofil bakteryjny
sense_list:
(biology) A photosynthetic pigment occurring in various phototrophic bacteria, related to the chlorophylls.


lexentry: eng/bacteriology__Noun__1
written_rep: bacteriology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bakteriologia
sense_list:
(biology, microbiology) The scientific study of bacteria, especially in relation to disease and agriculture.


lexentry: eng/bacteriostatic__Adjective__1
written_rep: bacteriostatic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bakteriostatyczny
sense_list:
Of or relating to bacteriostasis or a bacteriostat; inhibiting the growth of bacteria without destroying them.


lexentry: eng/bad__Adjective__1
written_rep: bad
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zły
sense_list:
Not suitable or fitting. | Not appropriate, of manners etc. | Tricky; stressful; unpleasant. | (sometimes, childish) Evil; wicked.


lexentry: eng/bad_apple__Noun__1
written_rep: bad apple
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czarna owca
sense_list:
(idiomatic, often, in the plural) A person who is not wholesome, honest, or trustworthy, especially one who has an adverse influence on others.


lexentry: eng/bad_breath__Noun__1
written_rep: bad breath
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: Cuchnący oddech
sense_list:
(medicine, dentistry, informal) Breath that produces an unpleasant or foul-smelling odor when exhaled.


lexentry: eng/bad_debt__Noun__1
written_rep: bad debt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nieściągalne należności | nieściągalne wierzytelności
sense_list:
(business, accounting) A debt which cannot be recovered from the debtor, either because the debtor lacks the money to pay or because the debtor cannot be found and/or forced to pay.


lexentry: eng/bad_faith__Noun__1
written_rep: bad faith
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zła wiara
sense_list:
(legal) Intent to deceive or mislead another to gain some advantage; dishonesty or fraud in a transaction (such as knowingly misrepresenting the quality of something that is being bought or sold). | (legal) A malicious motive by a party in a lawsuit. This has an effect on the ability to maintain causes of action and obtain legal remedies. | (philosophy) The existentialist concept of denying one's total freedom of will.


lexentry: eng/bad_trip__Noun__1
written_rep: bad trip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bad trip
sense_list:
(slang, drug use) An acute adverse psychological reaction to effects produced under the influence of psychoactive substances, namely hallucinogens.


lexentry: eng/badass__Adjective__1
written_rep: badass
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: hardkorowy | kozacki | okrutny | srogi | zajebisty | zarąbisty
sense_list:
(US, sometimes considered, _, vulgar, slang, positive connotation) Having an extreme appearance, attitude, or behavior that is considered admirable.


lexentry: eng/badass__Noun__1
written_rep: badass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chojrak | hardkor | kozak | sukinkot | zabijaka
sense_list:
(US, sometimes considered, vulgar, slang, negative connotation) A belligerent or mean person; a person with an unpleasantly extreme appearance, attitudes, or behavior.


lexentry: eng/badass__Noun__1
written_rep: badass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: hardkor | kozak
sense_list:
(US, sometimes considered, vulgar, slang, positive connotation) A person considered impressive due to courage, skill, daring, audacity, and/or toughness.


lexentry: eng/badge__Noun__1
written_rep: badge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odznaka | blacha
sense_list:
A distinctive mark, token, sign, emblem or cognizance, worn on one’s clothing, as an insignia of some rank, or of the membership of an organization. | Something characteristic; a mark; a token. | (heraldry) A distinctive mark worn by servants, retainers, and followers of royalty or nobility, who, being beneath the rank of gentlemen, have no right to armorial bearings.


lexentry: eng/badger__Noun__1
written_rep: badger
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: borsuk | jaźwiec
sense_list:
Any mammal of three subfamilies, which belong to the family Mustelidae: Melinae (Eurasian badgers), Mellivorinae (ratel or honey badger), and Taxideinae (American badger).


lexentry: eng/badminton__Noun__1
written_rep: badminton
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: badminton
sense_list:
(uncountable) A racquet sport played indoors on a court by two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs of players (doubles), in which a shuttlecock is volleyed over a net and the competitions are presided by an umpire in British English and a referee in American English.


lexentry: eng/bag__Noun__1
written_rep: bag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: torba | torebka
sense_list:
A container made of leather, plastic, or other material, usually with a handle or handles, in which you carry personal items, or clothes or other things that you need for travelling. Includes shopping bags, schoolbags, suitcases, briefcases, handbags, backpacks, etc.


lexentry: eng/bagatelle__Noun__1
written_rep: bagatelle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bagatela
sense_list:
A trifle; an insubstantial thing. | (literature, music) A short piece of literature or of instrumental music, typically light or playful in character.


lexentry: eng/baggage_claim__Noun__1
written_rep: baggage claim
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odbiór bagażu
sense_list:
(US) The designated location for receiving checked luggage, such as the baggage carousels at an airport.


lexentry: eng/bagpipes__Noun__1
written_rep: bagpipes
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dudy
sense_list:
A musical wind instrument possessing a flexible bag inflated by bellows, a double-reed melody pipe and up to four drone pipes; any aerophone that produces sound using air from a reservoir to vibrate enclosed reeds.


lexentry: eng/baiji__Noun__1
written_rep: baiji
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: baji chiński
sense_list:
A freshwater dolphin (†Lipotes vexillifer), only found in the Yangtze River, and declared functionally extinct in 2006.


lexentry: eng/bail__Noun__1
written_rep: bail
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kaucja
sense_list:
(uncountable) Security, usually a sum of money, exchanged for the release of an arrested person as a guarantee of that person's appearance for trial.


lexentry: eng/bail_bond__Noun__1
written_rep: bail bond
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: posesja
sense_list:
(US) A surety, used to obtain the release of a criminal defendant who has been required to give bail.


lexentry: eng/bailiff__Noun__1
written_rep: bailiff
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komornik | baliw
sense_list:
(historical, Norman term) A reeve, (specifically) the chief officer executing the decisions of any English court in the period following the Norman Conquest or executing the decisions of lower courts in the late medieval and early modern period.


lexentry: eng/bailiff__Noun__1
written_rep: bailiff
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: baliw
sense_list:
(historical) A head of a district ("bailiwick") of the Knights Hospitaller; a head of one of the national associations ("tongues") of the Hospitallers' headquarters on Rhodes or Malta.


lexentry: eng/bain-marie__Noun__1
written_rep: bain-marie
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bemar
sense_list:
(cooking) A large pan containing hot water, into which other smaller pans are set in order to cook food slowly, or to keep food warm.


lexentry: eng/bait__Noun__1
written_rep: bait
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przynęta
sense_list:
Any substance, especially food, used in catching fish, or other animals, by alluring them to a hook, snare, trap, or net.


lexentry: eng/baize__Noun__1
written_rep: baize
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: baja
sense_list:
A thick, soft, usually woolen cloth resembling felt; often colored green and used for coverings on card tables, billiard and snooker tables, etc.


lexentry: eng/bake__Verb__1
written_rep: bake
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: piec
sense_list:
(transitive, or, intransitive, or, ditransitive, with person as subject) To cook (something) in an oven (for someone). | (intransitive, with baked thing as subject) To be cooked in an oven.


lexentry: eng/baked_good__Noun__1
written_rep: baked good
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pieczywo
sense_list:
(usually, in the plural) An item or class of items with a flour as a main ingredient, prepared by baking.


lexentry: eng/baking_powder__Noun__1
written_rep: baking powder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: proszek do pieczenia
sense_list:
A dry leavening agent used in baking; a mixture of baking soda, an acid (often cream of tartar) and starch to keep it dry; when wetted, carbon dioxide is released.


lexentry: eng/baklava__Noun__1
written_rep: baklava
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: baklawa | baklava
sense_list:
A sweet pastry found in many cuisines of the Middle East and the Balkans, made of chopped nuts layered with phyllo pastry. [since c. 1650; modern spelling since 1800s]


lexentry: eng/balaclava__Noun__1
written_rep: balaclava
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kominiarka
sense_list:
A type of warm headgear covering the neck, head, and often part of the face, with apertures left as necessary, often made out of wool.


lexentry: eng/balalaika__Noun__1
written_rep: balalaika
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bałałajka | bałabajka
sense_list:
A plucked stringed instrument with a triangular body, short neck and three strings, of Russian origin.


lexentry: eng/balance__Noun__1
written_rep: balance
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: bilans
sense_list:
(uncountable) The overall result of conflicting forces, opinions etc.; the influence which ultimately "weighs" more than others.


lexentry: eng/balance__Verb__1
written_rep: balance
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: balansować
sense_list:
(transitive) To hold (an object or objects) precariously; to support on a narrow base, so as to keep from falling.


lexentry: eng/balance_of_power__Noun__1
written_rep: balance of power
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: równowaga sił
sense_list:
(politics, government) A situation of equilibrium in which no country is powerful enough to control, or threaten the interests of, the others.


lexentry: eng/balance_of_terror__Noun__1
written_rep: balance of terror
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: równowaga strachu
sense_list:
(historical) The tenuous peace that existed during the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.


lexentry: eng/balance_of_trade__Noun__1
written_rep: balance of trade
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bilans handlowy
sense_list:
(economics, trade) The difference between the monetary value of exports and imports in an economy over a certain period of time.


lexentry: eng/balance_sheet__Noun__1
written_rep: balance sheet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bilans
sense_list:
(accounting) A summary of a person's or organization's assets, liabilities and equity as of a specific date.


lexentry: eng/balance_wheel__Noun__1
written_rep: balance wheel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: balans | balansjer
sense_list:
The timekeeping device normally used in mechanical watches and small clocks, consisting of a wheel which oscillates due to a coiled spring.


lexentry: eng/balayage__Noun__1
written_rep: balayage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: balejaż
sense_list:
(cosmetics) A hair colouring technique in which colour is applied by hand. | (mathematics) A method for reconstructing a harmonic function.


lexentry: eng/balcony__Noun__1
written_rep: balcony
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: balkon
sense_list:
(architectural element) An accessible structure extending from a building, especially outside a window. | An accessible structure overlooking a stage or the like.


lexentry: eng/bald_cypress__Noun__1
written_rep: bald cypress
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cypryśnik błotny
sense_list:
Taxodium distichum, deciduous conifer trees native to often-flooded areas of the southeastern and south central parts of the United States.


lexentry: eng/bald_eagle__Noun__1
written_rep: bald eagle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bielik amerykański
sense_list:
Haliaeetus leucocephalus, a species of eagle native to North America and notable for the white plumage on its head.


lexentry: eng/baldric__Noun__1
written_rep: baldric
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pendent
sense_list:
A broad belt, originally of leather and often richly ornamented, worn diagonally from shoulder to hip (across the breast and under the opposite arm), which was formerly used to hold a sword, a bugle, etc., and is now chiefly worn for ceremonial purposes; also (loosely) , any belt. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/bale__Noun__3
written_rep: bale
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bela
sense_list:
A bundle of compressed fibers (especially hay, straw, cotton, or wool), compacted for shipping and handling and bound by twine or wire. | A measurement of paper equal to 10 reams.


lexentry: eng/baleen__Noun__1
written_rep: baleen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: fiszbin
sense_list:
(physiology, uncountable) The keratinous material that makes up the plates in the mouth of the baleen whale, Mysticeti, which it uses to trap its food; formerly used in corsetry.


lexentry: eng/baleen_whale__Noun__1
written_rep: baleen whale
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: fiszbinowiec
sense_list:
Any of several large whales, of the parvorder Mysticeti, that have plates of whalebone (baleen) instead of teeth.


lexentry: eng/balisong__Noun__1
written_rep: balisong
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: delfin
sense_list:
A folding pocket knife with two handles counter-rotating around the tang such that, when closed, the blade is concealed within grooves in the handles.


lexentry: eng/balk__Noun__1
written_rep: balk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: bal | dyl | kloc
sense_list:
Beam, crossbeam; squared timber; a tie beam of a house, stretching from wall to wall, especially when laid so as to form a loft, "the balks".


lexentry: eng/ball-and-socket_joint__Noun__1
written_rep: ball-and-socket joint
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rzepka
sense_list:
A joint in which one segment has a rounded end and the next segment has a bowl-shaped end, with the rounded end being fitted into the bowl shape, allowing the first segment to move around an indefinite number of axes which have one common center. Examples include the human shoulder joint and the balljoints of some automotive suspensions.


lexentry: eng/ball__Noun__1
written_rep: ball
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kula
sense_list:
(mathematics) The set of points in a metric space of any number of dimensions lying within a given distance (the radius) of a given point. | (ballistics, firearms) A solid, spherical nonexplosive missile for a cannon, rifle, gun, etc.


lexentry: eng/ball__Noun__1
written_rep: ball
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: piłka | kula
sense_list:
(printing, historical) A leather-covered cushion, fastened to a handle called a ballstock; formerly used by printers for inking the form, then superseded by the roller.


lexentry: eng/ball_bearing__Noun__1
written_rep: ball bearing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: łożysko kulkowe
sense_list:
(loosely, often) An individual spherical ball, usually made of steel or other hard material, suitable for use in a ball-based rolling element bearing. In precise usage, each such ball is called a bearing ball or simply ball, and the entire bearing is called the ball bearing.


lexentry: eng/ball_boy__Noun__1
written_rep: ball boy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chłopiec do piłek
sense_list:
(sports) A person, usually male, responsible for retrieving balls from the area of play, and returning them to the players.


lexentry: eng/ball_in_hand__Noun__1
written_rep: ball in hand
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: piłka ręczna
sense_list:
In billiards, a circumstance in which a fault by another player, such as a scratch, permits the competitor to take the cue ball in hand and place it anywhere on the table.


lexentry: eng/ball_lightning__Noun__1
written_rep: ball lightning
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: piorun kulisty
sense_list:
A short-lived glowing ball sometimes observed to float in the air and thought to consist of ionized gas associated with thunderstorms.


lexentry: eng/ballad__Noun__1
written_rep: ballad
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ballada
sense_list:
A kind of narrative poem, adapted for recitation or singing; especially, a sentimental or romantic poem in short stanzas. | A slow romantic song.


lexentry: eng/ballast__Noun__1
written_rep: ballast
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: balast
sense_list:
(nautical) Heavy material that is placed in the hold of a ship (or in the gondola of a balloon), to provide stability.


lexentry: eng/ballast__Noun__1
written_rep: ballast
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: balast | podsypka
sense_list:
Coarse gravel or similar material laid to form a bed for roads or railroads, or in making concrete; track ballast.


lexentry: eng/ballast_resistor__Noun__1
written_rep: ballast resistor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bareter
sense_list:
An electrical resistor whose resistance varies with the current passing through it, and thus tends to maintain a constant current


lexentry: eng/ballerina__Noun__1
written_rep: ballerina
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: balerina | baletnica
sense_list:
(commonly) A female ballet dancer. | (less common, non-standard) A male ballet dancer; Synonym of ballerino


lexentry: eng/ballet__Noun__1
written_rep: ballet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: balet
sense_list:
(dances) A classical form of dance. | A theatrical presentation of such dancing, usually with music, sometimes in the form of a story. | The company of persons who perform this dance.


lexentry: eng/ballista__Noun__1
written_rep: ballista
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: balista
sense_list:
(weaponry, historical) An ancient military engine, in the form of a crossbow, used for hurling large missiles.


lexentry: eng/ballistic_missile__Noun__1
written_rep: ballistic missile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pocisk balistyczny | rakieta balistyczna
sense_list:
(military, rocketry) A missile that is initially guided, but then follows a ballistic (freely falling) trajectory.


lexentry: eng/ballistics__Noun__1
written_rep: ballistics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: balistyka
sense_list:
(physics) The science of objects that predominantly fly under the effects of gravity, momentum and atmospheric drag, and dealing with details of their behaviour at the origin and destination of their flight, as of bullets or missiles or rockets.


lexentry: eng/balloon__Noun__1
written_rep: balloon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: balon
sense_list:
An inflatable buoyant object, often (but not necessarily) round and flexible. | Such an object as a child’s toy or party decoration. | Such an object designed to transport people or equipment through the air. | A type of glass cup, sometimes used for brandy.


lexentry: eng/balloon_plant__Noun__1
written_rep: balloon plant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: latarnia
sense_list:
A flowering vine with large, hollow seedpod and round seeds featuring a heart-shaped mark; Cardiospermum halicacabum


lexentry: eng/ballpoint_pen__Noun__1
written_rep: ballpoint pen
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: długopis
sense_list:
A pen, similar in size and shape to a pencil, having an internal chamber filled with a viscous, quick-drying ink that is dispensed at the tip during use by the rolling action of a metal sphere (around 0.7 mm to 1 mm in diameter).


lexentry: eng/ballroom_dancing__Noun__1
written_rep: ballroom dancing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: taniec towarzyski
sense_list:
formal social dancing in couples, popular as a recreation and also as a competitive activity. The ballroom dance repertoire includes dances developed from old European folk dances such as the waltz and minuet, Latin American dances such as the tango, rumba, and cha-cha, and dances of 20th-century origin such as the foxtrot and quickstep.


lexentry: eng/balls__Noun__2
written_rep: balls
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jaja
sense_list:
(uncountable, vulgar, colloquial) Masculinity, particularly strength, courage, and force of will; chutzpah; brazenness.


lexentry: eng/balsa__Noun__1
written_rep: balsa
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: balsa
sense_list:
A large tree, Ochroma pyramidale, native to tropical America, with wood that is very light in weight. | (uncountable) The wood of this tree.


lexentry: eng/balsam__Noun__1
written_rep: balsam
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: balsam
sense_list:
(chiefly, UK) A sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants. | (chiefly, UK) A soothing ointment. | (chiefly, UK, figuratively) Something soothing.


lexentry: eng/balsamic__Adjective__1
written_rep: balsamic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: balsamiczny
sense_list:
Having the health-giving properties of balsam; soothing, restorative. | Having the pleasant odour of balsam; balmy, fragrant.


lexentry: eng/balsamic_vinegar__Noun__1
written_rep: balsamic vinegar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ocet balsamiczny
sense_list:
A dark, sweet vinegar, made from reduced white wine, that has been matured in wooden barrels, the resins of which contribute to its flavour; especially such a vinegar from Modena in Italy.


lexentry: eng/baluster__Noun__1
written_rep: baluster
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: balas | tralka | balasek | balaska
sense_list:
(architecture) A short column used in a group to support a rail, as commonly found on the side of a stairway; a banister. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/balustrade__Noun__1
written_rep: balustrade
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: balustrada
sense_list:
A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.


lexentry: eng/bamboo__Noun__1
written_rep: bamboo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bambus
sense_list:
(uncountable) The wood of the bamboo plant as a material for building, furniture, etc. | (slang) A didgeridoo.


lexentry: eng/bamboo_shoot__Noun__1
written_rep: bamboo shoot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pęd bambusa
sense_list:
(chiefly, in the plural) The edible shoot of any of several species of bamboo (especially of the genera Dendrocalamus and Phyllostachys), cooked and eaten as a vegetable in Chinese and similar cuisine.


lexentry: eng/ban__Noun__2
written_rep: ban
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ban
sense_list:
A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Romanian leu. | A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Moldovan leu.


lexentry: eng/ban__Noun__4
written_rep: ban
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ban
sense_list:
A title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.


lexentry: eng/banal__Adjective__1
written_rep: banal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: banalny
sense_list:
Common in a boring way, to the point of being predictable; containing nothing new or fresh. | (uncommon, historical) Relating to a type of feudal jurisdiction or service.


lexentry: eng/banana__Noun__1
written_rep: banana
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: banan
sense_list:
(North America, UK, Ireland) In particular, the sweet, yellow fruit of the Cavendish banana cultivar, which may be eaten raw, as distinct from e.g. a plantain for cooking. | An elongated curved tropical fruit of a banana plant, which grows in bunches and has a creamy flesh and a smooth skin. [from 1597]


lexentry: eng/banana__Noun__1
written_rep: banana
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: banan | bananowiec
sense_list:
The tropical tree-like plant which bears clusters of bananas, a plant of the genus Musa (but sometimes also including plants from Ensete), which has large, elongated leaves. [from 1697]


lexentry: eng/banana_peel__Noun__1
written_rep: banana peel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: skórka od banana
sense_list:
(Canadian, US, Philippines) The several outermost layers of a banana, especially once removed from the rest of the banana, which may be slippery if stepped on. (This sense is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/banana_republic__Noun__1
written_rep: banana republic
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: republika bananowa
sense_list:
(politics, idiom, pejorative) A small country, especially one in Central America or the West Indies, that is dependent on a single export commodity (traditionally bananas) and that has a corrupt, dictatorial government.


lexentry: eng/bananaquit__Noun__1
written_rep: bananaquit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cukrzyk
sense_list:
A nectar-feeding bird, Coereba flaveola, thought to be related to the Darwin's finches and the grassquits.


lexentry: eng/band-aid__Noun__1
written_rep: band-aid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: plaster | przylepiec
sense_list:
(Australia, North America, Philippines) An adhesive bandage, a small piece of fabric or plastic that may be stuck to the skin in order to temporarily cover a small wound.


lexentry: eng/band__Noun__1
written_rep: band
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: pasmo
sense_list:
A continuous tablet, stripe, or series of ornaments, as of carved foliage, of colour, or of brickwork. | (physics) A part of the electromagnetic spectrum.


lexentry: eng/band__Noun__2
written_rep: band
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: zespół
sense_list:
(Canada) A group of aboriginals that has official recognition as an organized unit by the federal government of Canada.


lexentry: eng/bandana__Noun__1
written_rep: bandana
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bandana
sense_list:
A large kerchief, usually colourful and used either as headgear or as a handkerchief, neckerchief, bikini, or sweatband.


lexentry: eng/bandeau__Noun__1
written_rep: bandeau
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: bandeau
sense_list:
A narrow, tight bra, especially when strapless; hence, any women's top made from a similar band of fabric.


lexentry: eng/bandicoot__Noun__1
written_rep: bandicoot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jamraj
sense_list:
Any of various small Australian marsupials with distinctive long snouts, of the family Peramelidae (with the exception of genus Macrotis, called bilbies).


lexentry: eng/bandog__Noun__1
written_rep: bandog
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bandog
sense_list:
(specifically) A type of large, ferocious dog, bred by crossing American pit bull terriers with Neapolitan mastiffs.


lexentry: eng/bandoneon__Noun__1
written_rep: bandoneon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bandoneon
sense_list:
(musical instruments) A small Latin American accordion played with buttons which is frequently used in tango ensembles.


lexentry: eng/bandura__Noun__1
written_rep: bandura
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bandura
sense_list:
A Ukrainian plucked stringed instrument with a tear-shaped body, like an asymmetrical lute or a vertical zither, which is played with both hands while held upright on the lap.


lexentry: eng/bandwidth__Noun__1
written_rep: bandwidth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: przepustowość
sense_list:
(of a signal) The width of the smallest frequency band within which the signal can fit. | (networking, informal) The rate of data flow in digital networks typically measured in bits per second; the bitrate.


lexentry: eng/bang__Noun__1
written_rep: bang
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: wykrzyknik
sense_list:
(chiefly, US) The symbol !, known as an exclamation point. | (mathematics) A factorial, in mathematics, because the factorial of n is often written as n!


lexentry: eng/banjo__Noun__1
written_rep: banjo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: banjo | bandżo
sense_list:
A stringed musical instrument (chordophone), usually with a round body, a membrane-like soundboard and a fretted neck, played by plucking or strumming the strings.


lexentry: eng/bank__Noun__1
written_rep: bank
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bank
sense_list:
(countable) A branch office of such an institution. | (countable) An underwriter or controller of a card game. | (gambling, countable) The sum of money etc. which the dealer or banker has as a fund from which to draw stakes and pay losses. | (countable) In certain games, such as dominos, a fund of pieces from which the players are allowed to draw. | (countable, mostly, in combination) A safe and guaranteed place of storage for and retrieval of important items or goods.


lexentry: eng/bank__Noun__2
written_rep: bank
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bank
sense_list:
(nautical, hydrology) An elevation, or rising ground, under the sea; a shallow area of shifting sand, gravel, mud, and so forth (for example, a sandbank or mudbank). | (geography) A slope of earth, sand, etc.; an embankment.


lexentry: eng/bank_account__Noun__1
written_rep: bank account
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konto bankowe | rachunek bankowy
sense_list:
A fund, held by a bank in a contractual arrangement between the bank and the owner of the fund, a customer of the bank, into which they can deposit and from which they can withdraw money.


lexentry: eng/bank_holiday__Noun__1
written_rep: bank holiday
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: święto
sense_list:
(UK, Ireland) A weekday, often a Monday, on which most businesses are closed, and granted to workers as a national holiday.


lexentry: eng/bank_run__Noun__1
written_rep: bank run
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: panika bankowa
sense_list:
An event where many depositors of one or more banks withdraw money from their bank accounts within a short time, causing the banks concerned to become unstable.


lexentry: eng/bank_statement__Noun__1
written_rep: bank statement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wyciąg bankowy
sense_list:
A communication from a bank to a person holding an account in that bank, usually issued monthly, detailing the value of the holdings in that account and the effects of all transactions occurring with respect to that account.


lexentry: eng/banker__Noun__1
written_rep: banker
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bankier | bankierka
sense_list:
One who conducts the business of banking; one who, individually, or as a member of a company, keeps an establishment for the deposit or loan of money, or for traffic in money, bills of exchange, etc.


lexentry: eng/bankruptcy__Noun__1
written_rep: bankruptcy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bankructwo | upadłość | plajta | niewypłacalność
sense_list:
(finance, law) A legally declared or recognized condition of insolvency of a person or organization.


lexentry: eng/banner__Noun__1
written_rep: banner
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: flaga | sztandar
sense_list:
A flag or standard used by a military commander, monarch or nation. | (by extension) The military unit under such a flag or standard.


lexentry: eng/banner__Noun__1
written_rep: banner
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: sztandar | transparent
sense_list:
A large piece of cloth with a slogan, motto, or emblem carried in a demonstration or other procession or suspended in some conspicuous place.


lexentry: eng/banner__Noun__1
written_rep: banner
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: baner | banner
sense_list:
(Internet, television) A type of advertisement on a web page or on television, usually taking the form of a graphic or animation above or alongside the content.


lexentry: eng/bannock__Noun__1
written_rep: bannock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: kołacz
sense_list:
(specifically) This or any similar traditional bread when made by indigenous Americans, originally from native sources such as maize or pseudocereals and plants with starchy roots


lexentry: eng/banns__Noun__1
written_rep: banns
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zapowiedzi
sense_list:
The announcement of a forthcoming marriage (legally required for a church wedding in England and Wales and read on the three Sundays preceding the marriage).


lexentry: eng/banshee__Noun__1
written_rep: banshee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szyszymora
sense_list:
(Scotland, Ireland, , folklore) A female spirit, usually taking the form of a woman whose mournful wailing warns of an impending death.


lexentry: eng/bantamweight__Noun__1
written_rep: bantamweight
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: waga kogucia
sense_list:
(boxing) A weight class in boxing and other sports, intermediate between flyweight and featherweight. In boxing it ranges from 112 to 118 pounds (51 to 54 kg).


lexentry: eng/banter__Verb__1
written_rep: banter
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przekomarzać się
sense_list:
(intransitive) To engage in banter or playful conversation. | (transitive) To tease (someone) mildly.


lexentry: eng/bantustan__Noun__1
written_rep: bantustan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bantustan
sense_list:
(originally, _, South Africa, historical) Any of ten former territories defined as homelands for black South Africans under apartheid policy


lexentry: eng/baobab__Noun__1
written_rep: baobab
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: baobab
sense_list:
A tree, Adansonia digitata, native to tropical Africa, having a broad swollen trunk and edible gourd-like hanging fruits.


lexentry: eng/baptism__Noun__1
written_rep: baptism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chrzest
sense_list:
(Christianity) A Christian sacrament, by which one is received into a church and sometimes given a name, generally involving the candidate to be anointed with or submerged in water.


lexentry: eng/baptism_of_desire__Noun__1
written_rep: baptism of desire
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chrzest pragnienia
sense_list:
(Christianity) The grace given to a believer who ardently desires baptism, but dies before being able to receive it.


lexentry: eng/baptism_of_fire__Noun__1
written_rep: baptism of fire
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: chrzest bojowy
sense_list:
(figuratively, military) The first experience of a severe ordeal, especially a first experience of military combat


lexentry: eng/baptistry__Noun__1
written_rep: baptistry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: baptysterium
sense_list:
(Christianity) A designated space within a church, or a separate room or building associated with a church, where a baptismal font is located, and consequently, where the sacrament of Christian baptism (via aspersion or affusion) is performed.


lexentry: eng/baptize__Verb__1
written_rep: baptize
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chrzcić
sense_list:
(Christianity) To perform the sacrament of baptism by sprinkling or pouring water over someone or immersing them in water.


lexentry: eng/bar__Noun__1
written_rep: bar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: bar | knajpa | gospoda | piwiarnia
sense_list:
(mathematics) The sign indicating that the characteristic of a logarithm is negative, conventionally placed above the digit(s) to show that it applies to the characteristic only and not to the mantissa. | (music) A vertical line across a musical staff dividing written music into sections, typically of equal durational value.


lexentry: eng/bar__Noun__1
written_rep: bar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: bar
sense_list:
The counter of such premises. | A counter, or simply a cabinet, from which alcoholic drinks are served in a private house or a hotel room.


lexentry: eng/bar__Noun__1
written_rep: bar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 21
trans_list: adwokatura | palestra
sense_list:
(law, metonym, "the Bar", "the bar") Collectively, lawyers or the legal profession; specifically applied to barristers in some countries, but including all lawyers in others.


lexentry: eng/bar__Noun__2
written_rep: bar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bar
sense_list:
A non-SI unit of pressure equal to 100,000 pascals, approximately equal to atmospheric pressure at sea level.


lexentry: eng/bar_stool__Noun__1
written_rep: bar stool
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stołek barowy
sense_list:
A stool used for sitting, often taller than a chair and usually having a foot rest, commonly placed in bars and in front of kitchen counters.


lexentry: eng/barb__Noun__1
written_rep: barb
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: grot
sense_list:
The point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc., to prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence: Anything which stands out with a sharp point obliquely or crosswise to something else.


lexentry: eng/barbarian__Noun__1
written_rep: barbarian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: barbarzyńca
sense_list:
(historical) A non-Greek or a non-Roman citizen. | (derogatory) Someone from a developing country or backward culture. | (derogatory) A cruel, savage, inhumane, brutal, violently aggressive person, particularly one who is unintelligent or dim-witted; one without pity or empathy.


lexentry: eng/barbarian__Noun__1
written_rep: barbarian
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: barbarzyńca | barbarzynka
sense_list:
An uncivilized or uncultured person, originally compared to the hellenistic Greco-Roman civilisation; usually associated with senseless violence and self-harm or other such shows of brute force and lack of mental faculty.


lexentry: eng/barbecue__Noun__1
written_rep: barbecue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: grill | barbecue | ruszt
sense_list:
A fireplace or pit for grilling food, typically used outdoors and traditionally employing hot charcoal as the heating medium.


lexentry: eng/barbecue_sauce__Noun__1
written_rep: barbecue sauce
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sos barbecue | barbecue
sense_list:
A fruity, tangy, usually brown sauce, typically consisting of a vinegar or tomato base with spices and sweeteners, used as a basting sauce, marinade, or condiment, especially for barbecued meat.


lexentry: eng/barbed_wire__Noun__1
written_rep: barbed wire
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: drut kolczasty
sense_list:
Twisted strands of steel wire, often coated with zinc, having barbs evenly spaced along them; used to construct agricultural and military fences.


lexentry: eng/barbel__Noun__1
written_rep: barbel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: brzana
sense_list:
(biology) Whisker-like sensory organs, located around the mouth of certain fish, including catfish, carp, goatfish, sturgeon, and some types of shark.


lexentry: eng/barbell__Noun__1
written_rep: barbell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sztanga
sense_list:
A wide steel bar with premeasured weights affixed to either end, with the central span open for the hands of the weightlifter.


lexentry: eng/barber_surgeon__Noun__1
written_rep: barber surgeon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: balwierz | cyrulik
sense_list:
(historical) A medical practitioner of medieval Europe, generally charged with looking after soldiers during or after a battle.


lexentry: eng/barbershop__Noun__1
written_rep: barbershop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zakład fryzjerski
sense_list:
(countable) The place of business of a barber; a store where a person (usually a male) can go to get a haircut.


lexentry: eng/barbet__Noun__1
written_rep: barbet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kowal
sense_list:
Any of numerous arboreal birds of the families Capitonidae, Lybiidae, and Megalaimidae, within the order Piciformes.


lexentry: eng/barbiturate__Noun__1
written_rep: barbiturate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: barbituran
sense_list:
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of derivatives of barbituric acid that act as depressants of the central nervous system and are used as sedatives or hypnotics.


lexentry: eng/barbituric_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: barbituric acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas barbiturowy
sense_list:
(organic compound) A heterocyclic compound derived from pyrimidine that is the basis of all barbiturate drugs.


lexentry: eng/barcarole__Noun__1
written_rep: barcarole
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: barkarola
sense_list:
(music) A Venetian folk song traditionally sung by gondoliers, often in 6⁄8 or 12⁄8 time with alternating strong and weak beats imitating a rowing motion. [from late 18th c.] | (music) A piece of music composed in imitation of such a song. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/barcode__Noun__1
written_rep: barcode
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kod kreskowy | kod paskowy
sense_list:
Any set of machine-readable parallel bars or concentric circles, varying in width, spacing, or height, encoding information according to a symbology.


lexentry: eng/bard__Noun__1
written_rep: bard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bard
sense_list:
A professional poet and singer, like among the ancient Celts, whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men.


lexentry: eng/bargain__Noun__1
written_rep: bargain
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: okazja
sense_list:
An agreement between parties concerning the sale of property; or a contract by which one party binds themself to transfer the right to some property for a consideration, and the other party binds themself to receive the property and pay the consideration. | An item purchased for significantly less than the usual, or recommended, price


lexentry: eng/barge__Noun__1
written_rep: barge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: barka | tratwa
sense_list:
A large flat-bottomed towed or self-propelled boat used mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods or bulk cargo.


lexentry: eng/barge__Noun__1
written_rep: barge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: barka
sense_list:
A large flat-bottomed coastal trading vessel having a large spritsail and jib-headed topsail, a fore staysail and a very small mizen, and having leeboards instead of a keel.


lexentry: eng/baritone__Noun__1
written_rep: baritone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: baryton
sense_list:
The male voice between tenor and bass. | The musical range between tenor and bass. | A person, instrument, or group that performs in the range between tenor and bass.


lexentry: eng/baritone_saxophone__Noun__1
written_rep: baritone saxophone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: saksofon barytonowy
sense_list:
A member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments that is smaller than the bass saxophone but larger than the tenor saxophone, with a range of D♭2 to A4 or similar.


lexentry: eng/barium__Noun__1
written_rep: barium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bar
sense_list:
The chemical element (symbol Ba) with an atomic number of 56. It is a soft, reactive, silvery alkaline earth metal.


lexentry: eng/bark__Verb__1
written_rep: bark
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szczekać
sense_list:
(intransitive) To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs (said of animals, especially dogs). | (intransitive) To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries.


lexentry: eng/bark_up_the_wrong_tree__Verb__1
written_rep: bark up the wrong tree
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: skupiać się na złej sprawie
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To take the wrong approach to a situation; to follow a false lead; to attempt to solve a problem using mistaken assumptions about its true nature.


lexentry: eng/barley__Noun__1
written_rep: barley
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jęczmień
sense_list:
A cereal of the species Hordeum vulgare, or its grains, often used as food or to make beer and other malted drinks.


lexentry: eng/barm__Noun__2
written_rep: barm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chłopiec okrętowy
sense_list:
Foam rising upon beer or other malt liquors when fermenting, used as leaven in brewing and making bread; yeast.


lexentry: eng/barn__Noun__1
written_rep: barn
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: stodoła
sense_list:
(agriculture) A building, often found on a farm, used for storage or keeping animals such as cattle.


lexentry: eng/barn_owl__Noun__1
written_rep: barn owl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: płomykówka
sense_list:
An owl of the species Tyto alba, often having a white face and commonly found in barns and other farm buildings.


lexentry: eng/barn_swallow__Noun__1
written_rep: barn swallow
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dymówka
sense_list:
Hirundo rustica, the most widespread species of swallow in the world; a distinctive passerine bird with blue upperparts, a long, deeply forked tail and curved, pointed wings, is found in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas.


lexentry: eng/barnacle__Noun__1
written_rep: barnacle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wąsonóg
sense_list:
A marine crustacean of the subclass Cirripedia that attaches itself to submerged surfaces such as tidal rocks or the bottoms of ships.


lexentry: eng/barnacle_goose__Noun__1
written_rep: barnacle goose
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bernikla białolica
sense_list:
A black and white species of bird within the family Anatidae from the northern hemisphere, Branta leucopsis.


lexentry: eng/baron__Noun__1
written_rep: baron
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: baron
sense_list:
(by extension) A person of great power in society, especially in business and politics. | (UK, prison slang) A prisoner who gains power and influence by lending or selling goods such as tobacco. | A baron of beef, a cut made up of a double sirloin.


lexentry: eng/baroque__Adjective__1
written_rep: baroque
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: barokowy
sense_list:
Embellished with figures and forms such that every level of relief gives way to more details and contrasts.


lexentry: eng/barque__Noun__1
written_rep: barque
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bark
sense_list:
A sailing vessel of three or more masts, with all masts but the sternmost square-rigged, the sternmost being fore-and-aft-rigged


lexentry: eng/barrack__Noun__1
written_rep: barrack
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koszary
sense_list:
(military, chiefly, in the plural) A building for soldiers, especially within a garrison; originally referred to temporary huts, now usually to a permanent structure or set of buildings.


lexentry: eng/barracuda__Noun__1
written_rep: barracuda
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: barakuda
sense_list:
Any large marine fish of the genus Sphyraena that have elongated bodies, a projecting lower jaw, displaying prominent fang-shaped teeth, and are aggressive predators.


lexentry: eng/barrage__Noun__1
written_rep: barrage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: grobla | zapora
sense_list:
An artificial obstruction, such as a dam, in a river designed to increase its depth or to divert its flow.


lexentry: eng/barrage__Noun__1
written_rep: barrage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ogień zaporowy
sense_list:
(military) A heavy curtain of artillery fire directed in front of one's own troops to screen and protect them.


lexentry: eng/barrator__Noun__1
written_rep: barrator
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pieniacz | pieniaczka
sense_list:
One who is guilty of barratry, vexing others with frequent and often groundless lawsuits; a brangler and pettifogger.


lexentry: eng/barratry__Noun__1
written_rep: barratry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: barateria
sense_list:
(admiralty, _, legal) Unlawful or fraudulent acts by the crew of a vessel, harming the vessel's owner.


lexentry: eng/barrel__Noun__1
written_rep: barrel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: beczka
sense_list:
(countable) A round (cylindrical) vessel, such as a cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends (heads). Sometimes applied to a similar cylindrical container made of metal, usually called a drum.


lexentry: eng/barrel__Noun__1
written_rep: barrel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: baryłka
sense_list:
The quantity which constitutes a full barrel: the volume or weight this represents varies by local law and custom.


lexentry: eng/barrel_organ__Noun__1
written_rep: barrel organ
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: katarynka
sense_list:
A musical instrument in which air from a bellows is admitted to a set of pipes by means of pins inserted into a revolving barrel (typically turned by a crank), originating in France.


lexentry: eng/barrel_roll__Noun__1
written_rep: barrel roll
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: beczka
sense_list:
(aviation) An aerobatic flying maneuver in which the pilot causes the airplane to complete one loop in the same time that the airplane completes one roll, creating the appearance that the airplane is riding on the inside of a cylinder.


lexentry: eng/barrel_vault__Noun__1
written_rep: barrel vault
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sklepienie kolebkowe
sense_list:
(architecture) A simple roof having a curved, often semicircular cross section; used to span large distances in railway stations, churches, etc. Usually supported on columns.


lexentry: eng/barren__Adjective__1
written_rep: barren
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bezpłodny | niepłodny
sense_list:
(of people and animals, not comparable) Not bearing children, childless; hence also unable to bear children, sterile.


lexentry: eng/barren__Adjective__1
written_rep: barren
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: bezpłodny | jałowy
sense_list:
(of places) Of poor fertility, infertile; not producing vegetation; desert, waste. | Unproductive, fruitless, unprofitable; empty, hollow, vain.


lexentry: eng/barricade__Noun__1
written_rep: barricade
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: barykada
sense_list:
A barrier constructed across a road, especially as a military defence | An obstacle, barrier, or bulwark.


lexentry: eng/barricade__Verb__1
written_rep: barricade
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: barykadować | zabarykadować
sense_list:
to close or block a road etc., using a barricade | to keep someone in (or out), using a blockade, especially ships in a port


lexentry: eng/barrier_to_entry__Noun__1
written_rep: barrier to entry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: próg wejścia
sense_list:
(figurative, by extension) An impediment that prohibits the use, adoption, application, etc. of (something). | Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see barrier,‎ to,‎ entry.


lexentry: eng/barrister__Noun__1
written_rep: barrister
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: adwokat | adwokatka
sense_list:
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) A lawyer with the right to speak and argue as an advocate in higher lawcourts.


lexentry: eng/bartender__Noun__1
written_rep: bartender
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: barman | barmanka
sense_list:
One who tends a bar or pub; a person preparing and serving drinks at a bar. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/barycenter__Noun__1
written_rep: barycenter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: barycentrum | środek ciężkości
sense_list:
(physics) The center of a mass; often specifically, the point at which the gravitational forces exerted by two objects are equal


lexentry: eng/baryon__Noun__1
written_rep: baryon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: barion
sense_list:
(particle) A heavy subatomic particle created by the binding of quarks by gluons; a hadron containing three quarks. Baryons have half-odd integral spin and are thus fermions. This category includes the common proton and neutron of the atomic nucleus.


lexentry: eng/bas-relief__Noun__1
written_rep: bas-relief
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: płaskorzeźba
sense_list:
(sculpture) A low or mostly-flat sculpture which is carved into a wall, or is in the form of a tile mounted flat to a wall, rather than a fully three-dimensional, free-standing figure.


lexentry: eng/basal__Adjective__1
written_rep: basal
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: podstawowy
sense_list:
Basic, elementary; relating to, or forming, the base, or point of origin. | (medicine) Of a minimal level that is necessary for maintaining the health or life of an organism. | (chiefly, systematics) In a phylogenetic tree, being a group, or member of a group, which diverged earlier. The earliest clade to branch in a larger clade.


lexentry: eng/basalt__Noun__1
written_rep: basalt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bazalt
sense_list:
(mineral) A hard mafic igneous rock of varied mineral content; volcanic in origin, which makes up much of the Earth's oceanic crust.


lexentry: eng/bascinet__Noun__1
written_rep: bascinet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyłbica
sense_list:
A light helmet, typically with a high, pointed skull, either open-faced (in early models) or made with a visor (later models).


lexentry: eng/bascule_bridge__Noun__1
written_rep: bascule bridge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: most zwodzony
sense_list:
A movable bridge consisting of one or two opening leaves equipped with balancing and stabilizing counterweights that ease and speed up their operation.


lexentry: eng/base__Noun__1
written_rep: base
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: baza
sense_list:
The starting point of a logical deduction or thought; basis. | The place where decisions for an organization are made; headquarters. | (architecture) The lowermost part of a column, between the shaft and the pedestal or pavement. | (electronics) The name of the controlling terminal of a bipolar transistor (BJT). | (geometry) The lowest side of a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat. | (topology) The set of sets from which a topology is generated. | (linguistics) A morpheme (or morphemes) that serves as a basic foundation on which affixes can be attached.


lexentry: eng/base__Noun__1
written_rep: base
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: baza | zasada
sense_list:
A permanent structure for housing military personnel and material. | (baseball) One of the four places that a runner can stand without being subject to being tagged out when the ball is in play.


lexentry: eng/base__Noun__1
written_rep: base
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: zasada | baza
sense_list:
(chemistry) Any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds that turn red litmus blue and react with acids to form salts.


lexentry: eng/base__Verb__1
written_rep: base
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bazować
sense_list:
(transitive) To give as its foundation or starting point; to lay the foundation of. | (transitive) To be located (at a particular place).


lexentry: eng/base_camp__Noun__1
written_rep: base camp
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: baza | obóz bazowy
sense_list:
(climbing) An encampment used temporarily for storing supplies and preparing for a larger activity, such as mountain climbing or hunting.


lexentry: eng/base_note__Noun__1
written_rep: base note
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nuta bazowa
sense_list:
The heavily volatile and thus most-lasting parts of a perfume, often of ligneous, resinous or animalic nature.


lexentry: eng/base_pair__Noun__1
written_rep: base pair
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: para zasad
sense_list:
(biology) In molecular biology, two nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA or RNA strands that are connected with hydrogen bonds.


lexentry: eng/base_station__Noun__1
written_rep: base station
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: stacja bazowa
sense_list:
(computing, networking) A radio receiver/transmitter that serves as the hub of the local wireless network, and may also be the gateway between a wired network and the wireless network.


lexentry: eng/based__Adjective__2
written_rep: based
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: baza
sense_list:
(slang, of a person) Not caring what others think about one's personality, style, or behavior; focused on maintaining individuality.


lexentry: eng/baseline__Noun__1
written_rep: baseline
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: baza
sense_list:
(engineering) A configuration of software, hardware, or a process that is established and documented as a point of reference.


lexentry: eng/bash_up__Verb__1
written_rep: bash up
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bić
sense_list:
(transitive, informal) To assault someone with the intention of causing physical injury; to beat up.


lexentry: eng/bashlyk__Noun__1
written_rep: bashlyk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: baszłyk
sense_list:
A protective cone-shaped hood with lappets for wrapping around the neck, used especially by Turks and Cossacks.


lexentry: eng/basic_needs__Noun__1
written_rep: basic needs
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: podstawowe potrzeby
sense_list:
The absolute minimum resources necessary for long-term physical well-being, usually in terms of consumption goods.


lexentry: eng/basidium__Noun__1
written_rep: basidium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: podstawka
sense_list:
(mycology) A small structure, shaped like a club, found in the Basidiomycota division of fungi, that bears four spores at the tips of small projections. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/basilica__Noun__1
written_rep: basilica
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bazylika
sense_list:
(architecture) A Christian church building having a nave with a semicircular apse, side aisles, a narthex and a clerestory.


lexentry: eng/basilisk__Noun__1
written_rep: basilisk
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: bazyliszek
sense_list:
(heraldiccharge) A type of dragon used in heraldry. | Any of the tree-dwelling of lizard of the genus Basiliscus: the basilisk lizard.


lexentry: eng/bask__Verb__1
written_rep: bask
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: cieszyć się
sense_list:
(figurative) To take great pleasure or satisfaction; to feel warmth or happiness. (Usually followed by "in".)


lexentry: eng/basket__Noun__1
written_rep: basket
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kosz | koszyk
sense_list:
A lightweight container, generally round, open at the top, and tapering toward the bottom. | (basketball) A circular hoop, from which a net is suspended, which is the goal through which the players try to throw the ball. | (basketball) The act of putting the ball through the basket, thereby scoring points.


lexentry: eng/basket__Noun__1
written_rep: basket
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 08
trans_list: koszyk
sense_list:
A dance movement in some line dances, where men put their arms round the women's lower backs, and the women put their arms over the men's shoulders, and the group (usually of four, any more is difficult) spins round, which should result in the women's feet leaving the ground.


lexentry: eng/basket_case__Noun__1
written_rep: basket case
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: kłębek nerwów
sense_list:
(colloquial, potentially, _, offensive) One made powerless or ineffective, as by nerves, panic, stress or exhaustion; someone considered mentally unstable. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/basking_shark__Noun__1
written_rep: basking shark
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: długoszpar | rekin olbrzymi
sense_list:
A very large shark, Cetorhinus maximus, that feeds at or close to the surface by filtering plankton from the water and is found in all the world's temperate oceans.


lexentry: eng/bass__Noun__1
written_rep: bass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bas
sense_list:
A low spectrum of sound tones. | A section of a musical group that produces low-pitched sound, lower than the baritone and tenor. | One who sings in the bass range. | (musical instrument) An instrument that plays in the bass range, in particular a double bass, bass guitar, electric bass or bass synthesiser.


lexentry: eng/bass_clef__Noun__1
written_rep: bass clef
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klucz basowy
sense_list:
(music) A symbol showing that the second line from the top of the staff represents the F below middle C.


lexentry: eng/bass_guitar__Noun__1
written_rep: bass guitar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: gitara basowa | bas
sense_list:
A long-necked and solid-bodied stringed instrument (chordophone), tuned to produce bass or low notes, usually with a fretted fingerboard and four thick strings, and requiring the use of an amplifier.


lexentry: eng/basset_horn__Noun__1
written_rep: basset horn
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: basethorn | basetorn | rożek basetowy
sense_list:
(musical instrument) An alto instrument of the clarinet family, pitched in F below middle C, with a range reaching down to F below that.


lexentry: eng/bassoon__Noun__1
written_rep: bassoon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: fagot
sense_list:
A musical instrument in the woodwind family, having a double reed and playing in the tenor and bass ranges.


lexentry: eng/basswood__Noun__1
written_rep: basswood
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: lipa
sense_list:
(US) Any of several trees of the genus Tilia; the lindens, especially Tilia americana, the American basswood.


lexentry: eng/bastard__Noun__1
written_rep: bastard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bękart | bastard
sense_list:
(dated) A person who was born out of wedlock, and hence often considered an illegitimate descendant. | (informal) A child who does not know their father.


lexentry: eng/bastard__Noun__1
written_rep: bastard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: skurwiel | skurwysyn | sukinsyn | bydlak | bydlę | cham
sense_list:
(vulgar,, _, , _, offensive, or, pejorative) A contemptible, inconsiderate, overly or arrogantly rude or spiteful person.


lexentry: eng/bastard_strangles__Noun__1
written_rep: bastard strangles
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zołzy
sense_list:
(veterinary medicine) A form of strangles, a bacterial upper respiratory tract infection of horses potentially causing airway obstruction, that has spread to other parts of the body and caused abscesses.


lexentry: eng/baste__Verb__1
written_rep: baste
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: fastrygować
sense_list:
To sew with long or loose stitches, as for temporary use, or in preparation for gathering the fabric.


lexentry: eng/bastide__Noun__1
written_rep: bastide
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bastyda
sense_list:
A mansion in Provence. | new town built in medieval Languedoc, Gascony and Aquitaine during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries


lexentry: eng/bastille__Noun__1
written_rep: bastille
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bastion
sense_list:
Chiefly in French contexts: a bastion or tower of a castle; also, a fortified tower or other building; or a small citadel or fortress.


lexentry: eng/bastion__Noun__1
written_rep: bastion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bastion
sense_list:
(architecture) A projecting part of a rampart or other fortification. | A well-fortified position; a stronghold or citadel. | (figuratively) A person, group, or thing, that strongly defends some principle.


lexentry: eng/bat__Noun__1
written_rep: bat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nietoperz | bijak | kij
sense_list:
Any of the flying mammals of the order Chiroptera, usually small and nocturnal, insectivorous or frugivorous.


lexentry: eng/bat__Noun__2
written_rep: bat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nietoperz | bijak | kij
sense_list:
A club made of wood or aluminium used for striking the ball in sports such as baseball, softball and cricket.


lexentry: eng/bat__Verb__1
written_rep: bat
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: nietoperz | bijak | kij
sense_list:
(intransitive) To take a turn at hitting a ball with a bat in sports like cricket, baseball and softball, as opposed to fielding.


lexentry: eng/bathe__Verb__1
written_rep: bathe
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kąpać
sense_list:
(intransitive) To clean oneself by immersion in water or using water; to take a bath, have a bath. | (transitive) To clean a person by immersion in water or using water; to give someone a bath. | (transitive) To apply water or other liquid to; to suffuse or cover with liquid.


lexentry: eng/bathometer__Noun__1
written_rep: bathometer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: batometr | batymetr
sense_list:
An instrument that measures the depth of water, used especially to measure the depth of ocean water.


lexentry: eng/bathrobe__Noun__1
written_rep: bathrobe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szlafrok | podomka
sense_list:
A robe usually made of terrycloth intended to be worn when one is still damp from bathing or when there is no immediate need to dress fully.


lexentry: eng/bathroom__Noun__1
written_rep: bathroom
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: łazienka
sense_list:
(chiefly, US, South Africa, Canada, Philippines, Australia, euphemism) A lavatory (area where one washes or bathes): a room containing a toilet and (typically but not necessarily) a bathtub.


lexentry: eng/bathypelagic__Adjective__1
written_rep: bathypelagic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: batypelagial
sense_list:
(oceanography) Of or pertaining to the parts of the oceans at depths between 1000 and 4000 meters deep.


lexentry: eng/bathyscaphe__Noun__1
written_rep: bathyscaphe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: batyskaf
sense_list:
A self-propelled deep-sea diving submersible for exploring the ocean depths, consisting of a crew cabin similar to a bathysphere suspended below a float filled with a buoyant liquid such as petrol.


lexentry: eng/bathysphere__Noun__1
written_rep: bathysphere
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: batysfera
sense_list:
A spherical steel deep-diving chamber with perspex windows, in which persons are lowered to the depths by a cable to study the oceans and deep-sea life; the precursor to the bathyscaphe


lexentry: eng/battalion__Noun__1
written_rep: battalion
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: batalion | baon
sense_list:
(military) An army unit having two or more companies, etc. and a headquarters. Traditionally forming part of a regiment. | (US, military) an army unit having two or more companies, etc. and a headquarters; forming part of a brigade.


lexentry: eng/batten__Noun__1
written_rep: batten
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: listwa | łata
sense_list:
(carpentry, construction) A plank or strip of wood, or several of such strips arranged side by side, used in construction to hold members of a structure together, to provide a fixing point, to strengthen, or to prevent warping.


lexentry: eng/batten__Noun__1
written_rep: batten
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: listwa
sense_list:
(nautical) A long, narrow strip, originally of wood but now also of fibreglass, metal, etc., used for various purposes aboard a ship; especially one attached to a mast or spar for protection, one holding down the edge of a tarpaulin covering a hatch to prevent water from entering the hatch, one inserted in a pocket sewn on a sail to keep it flat, or one from which a hammock is suspended.


lexentry: eng/batten__Noun__1
written_rep: batten
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: sztankiet
sense_list:
A strip of wood holding a number of lamps; especially (theater) , one used for illuminating a stage; (by extension, also, attributive) a long bar, usually metal, affixed to the ceiling or fly system and used to support curtains, scenery, etc.


lexentry: eng/batter__Noun__1
written_rep: batter
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ciasto
sense_list:
(cooking, countable, uncountable) A beaten mixture of flour and liquid (usually egg and milk), used for baking (e.g. pancakes, cake, or Yorkshire pudding) or to coat food (e.g. fish) prior to frying.


lexentry: eng/battering_ram__Noun__1
written_rep: battering ram
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: taran
sense_list:
A modern device, usually in the form of a metal bar with handles, chiefly used by police and firefighters to force open locked doors.


lexentry: eng/battery__Noun__1
written_rep: battery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bateria | akumulator
sense_list:
(countable, electronics) A device used to power electric devices, consisting of a set of electrically connected electrochemical or, archaically, electrostatic cells. A single such cell when used by itself.


lexentry: eng/battery__Noun__1
written_rep: battery
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: bateria
sense_list:
(military, countable) A coordinated group of artillery weapons. | An array of similar things. | (chess) Two or more pieces working together on the same rank, file, or diagonal


lexentry: eng/battery_electric_vehicle__Noun__1
written_rep: battery electric vehicle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: samochód elektryczny
sense_list:
A type of electric#Adjective vehicle that uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs, usually and especially one whose powertrain is entirely electric.


lexentry: eng/batting__Noun__1
written_rep: batting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: brzuch
sense_list:
(sewing) Cotton, wool, silk or synthetic material used to stuff the inside of a mattress, quilt etc.


lexentry: eng/battle__Noun__1
written_rep: battle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bitwa | walka | bój | batalia
sense_list:
(military) A general action, fight, or encounter, in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; a combat, an engagement.


lexentry: eng/battle__Noun__1
written_rep: battle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: bitwa | walka
sense_list:
(military, obsolete) The main body of an army, as distinct from the vanguard and rear; the battalia.


lexentry: eng/battle_axe__Noun__1
written_rep: battle axe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: topór bojowy
sense_list:
An ancient military weapon, an axe designed for combat, including (in, _, heraldiccharge) when borne on arms as a mark of prowess.


lexentry: eng/battlecruiser__Noun__1
written_rep: battlecruiser
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: krążownik liniowy
sense_list:
(military, nautical) A fast warship with thicker armor and heavier guns than a typical cruiser, but with armor, armament, or both still inferior to that of a dreadnought battleship; designed to act as an advanced scout of the battle fleet and to destroy enemy cruisers. | (fiction) A warship of intermediate size and/or capability between a heavy cruiser and a (light) battleship.


lexentry: eng/battledore__Noun__1
written_rep: battledore
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: kijanka
sense_list:
(historical) A wooden paddle-shaped bat or beetle used to wash clothes by beating, stirring, or smoothing them.


lexentry: eng/battlement__Noun__1
written_rep: battlement
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: blanki | krenelaż
sense_list:
In fortification: an indented parapet, formed by a series of rising members called cops or merlons, separated by openings called crenelles or embrasures, the soldier sheltering himself behind the merlon while he fires through the embrasure or through a loophole in the battlement.


lexentry: eng/battleship__Noun__1
written_rep: battleship
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pancernik
sense_list:
(science fiction, by extension) A starship of comparable role | (military, nautical, archaic) A ship of the line.


lexentry: eng/battue__Noun__1
written_rep: battue
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nagonka
sense_list:
(uncountable, hunting, often, attributively) A form of hunting in which game is forced into the open by the beating of sticks on bushes, etc. [from early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/baud__Noun__1
written_rep: baud
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bod
sense_list:
(computing, telecommunications) A unit of data transmission symbol rate; the number of signalling events per second.


lexentry: eng/bauxite__Noun__1
written_rep: bauxite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: boksyt
sense_list:
The principal ore of aluminium; a clay-like mineral, being a mixture of hydrated oxides and hydroxides.


lexentry: eng/bavarois__Noun__1
written_rep: bavarois
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: śmietanka
sense_list:
A pudding similar to pastry cream but thickened with gelatin or isinglass instead of flour or cornstarch, and flavoured with liqueur.


lexentry: eng/bay_window__Noun__1
written_rep: bay window
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wykusz
sense_list:
(architecture) A window space projecting outward from the main walls of a building and forming a bay in a room.


lexentry: eng/bayonet__Noun__1
written_rep: bayonet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bagnet
sense_list:
(military) A pointed instrument of the dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to give the soldier increased means of offence and defence. Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle, which needed to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the soldier had fired. | (engineering) A pin which plays in and out of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or disengage parts of the machinery.


lexentry: eng/be__Verb__1
written_rep: be
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: być
sense_list:
(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence. | Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect. | Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase. | To occupy a place. | (now, usually, literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive. | As an intransitive lexical verb: | To occur, to take place. | (in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of "go".


lexentry: eng/be__Verb__1
written_rep: be
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: być | równać się | to
sense_list:
(rare, and, regional, chiefly, in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses, the first of which is a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place), and the second of which is a period of time indicating how long ago that day was. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/be__Verb__1
written_rep: be
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: mieć | być
sense_list:
(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way. | (with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years. | To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation.


lexentry: eng/be_born_yesterday__Verb__1
written_rep: be born yesterday
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: spaść z księżyca
sense_list:
(informal, stative, chiefly in the negative) To be new, naive, innocent, inexperienced, or easily deceived.


lexentry: eng/be_in_for__Verb__1
written_rep: be in for
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kroić się
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To be able to expect or anticipate; to be about to suffer, generally said of something unpleasant.


lexentry: eng/be_thankful_for_small_mercies__Phrase__1
written_rep: be thankful for small mercies
part_of_speech: phraseologicalUnit
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mogłoby być gorzej
sense_list:
Even though things are bad, you should remember that the situation could be worse and therefore be happy about the little things that are good.


lexentry: eng/be_wrong__Verb__1
written_rep: be wrong
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: być w błędzie | mylić się
sense_list:
To have an incorrect belief, to be mistaken about one's judgment or statement concerning something. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/beachhead__Noun__1
written_rep: beachhead
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyczółek
sense_list:
(military) An area of hostile territory (especially on a beach) that, when captured, serves for the continuous landing (or movement into position) of further troops and material


lexentry: eng/beacon__Noun__1
written_rep: beacon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bakan | baken
sense_list:
(nautical) A signal, buoy, post, or other conspicuous mark erected on an eminence near the shore, or moored in shoal water, as a guide to mariners, particularly to warn vessels of danger.


lexentry: eng/bead__Noun__1
written_rep: bead
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: koralik | paciorek
sense_list:
Each in a string of small balls making up the rosary or paternoster. [from 14thc.] | A small, round object. | Various small, round solid objects.


lexentry: eng/beagle__Noun__1
written_rep: beagle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zapalniczka
sense_list:
A small short-legged smooth-coated scenthound, often tricolored and sometimes used for hunting hares. Its friendly disposition makes it suitable as a family pet.


lexentry: eng/beak__Noun__1
written_rep: beak
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dziób
sense_list:
A rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc. | A similar pointed structure forming the nose and mouth of various animals, such as turtles, platypuses, whales, etc.


lexentry: eng/beam__Noun__1
written_rep: beam
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: belka
sense_list:
(structural) Any large piece of timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared for use. | (structural) One of the principal horizontal structural members, usually of steel, timber, or concrete, of a building. | (nautical) One of the transverse members of a ship's frame on which the decks are laid, and acting as part of the support for keeping the sides of the vessel in shape — supported at the sides by knees in wooden ships and by stringers in steel ones; cf. abeam, beam-ends. | (nautical) The maximum width of a vessel (note that a vessel with a beam of 15 foot can also be said to be 15 foot abeam).


lexentry: eng/beam__Noun__1
written_rep: beam
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 10
trans_list: promień
sense_list:
(physics) A ray or collection of approximately parallel rays emitted from the sun or other luminous body. | (figuratively) A ray; a gleam.


lexentry: eng/beam__Verb__1
written_rep: beam
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: belkować | obelkować
sense_list:
(ambitransitive) To emit beams of light; to shine; to radiate. | (transitive) To furnish or supply with beams.


lexentry: eng/bean__Noun__1
written_rep: bean
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: fasola
sense_list:
Any plant of several genera of the taxonomic family Fabaceae that produces large edible seeds or edible seedpods.


lexentry: eng/bean__Noun__1
written_rep: bean
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: ziarno
sense_list:
(by extension) The bean-like seed of certain other plants, such as a vanilla bean or (especially) a coffee bean.


lexentry: eng/beanbag__Noun__1
written_rep: beanbag
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agencja towarzyska
sense_list:
A piece of soft furniture consisting of a leather or vinyl covering stuffed with dry beans or other similar pellets.


lexentry: eng/bear__Noun__1
written_rep: bear
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: niedźwiedź | niedźwiedzica | miś
sense_list:
A large, generally omnivorous mammal (a few species are purely carnivorous or herbivorous), related to the dog and raccoon, having shaggy hair, a very small tail, and flat feet; a member of the family Ursidae.


lexentry: eng/bear_in_mind__Verb__1
written_rep: bear in mind
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mieć na uwadze | pamiętać | patrzeć | zważać | zważyć
sense_list:
(transitive, idiomatic) To hold (something) in the memory; to remember; also, to be mindful of or pay attention to (something); to consider; to note.


lexentry: eng/bear_market__Noun__1
written_rep: bear market
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bessa
sense_list:
(finance) A stock market where a majority of investors are selling ("bears"), causing overall stock prices to drop.


lexentry: eng/bearberry__Noun__1
written_rep: bearberry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mącznica
sense_list:
Any of four dwarf shrubs of formerly all members of the genus Arctostaphylos, three now assigned to genus Arctous, which principally grow in arctic and subarctic regions and bear edible berries.


lexentry: eng/beard_moss__Noun__1
written_rep: beard moss
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: brodaczka
sense_list:
Any of several lichens, of the genus Usnea, that generally grow hanging from tree branches, resembling grey or greenish hair.


lexentry: eng/bearded_seal__Noun__1
written_rep: bearded seal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: fokowąs brodaty
sense_list:
Erignathus barbatus, an earless seal with conspicuous whiskers, found in and around the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/bearded_tit__Noun__1
written_rep: bearded tit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wąsatka
sense_list:
A small passerine bird, Panurus biarmicus, of the family Timaliidae, or possibly the monotypic family Panuridae.


lexentry: eng/bearer__Noun__1
written_rep: bearer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: powód
sense_list:
One who, or that which, bears, sustains, or carries. | Someone who helps carry the coffin or a dead body during a funeral procession. | (India, dated) A domestic servant in charge of household goods and clothing; a valet.


lexentry: eng/bearer_bond__Noun__1
written_rep: bearer bond
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obligacja na okaziciela
sense_list:
(legal) A negotiable loan instrument payable to its holder (bearer) by the issuer according to preset conditions. The owner must safeguard bearer bonds to prevent loss; interest is usually paid by coupon redemptions.


lexentry: eng/bearing__Noun__1
written_rep: bearing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: namiar
sense_list:
(navigation, nautical) The horizontal angle between the direction of an object and another object, or between it and that of true north; a heading or direction.


lexentry: eng/bearskin__Noun__1
written_rep: bearskin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bermyca
sense_list:
(countable) A tall ceremonial hat worn by members of some British regiments for ceremonial occasions; a busby.


lexentry: eng/beast_of_burden__Noun__1
written_rep: beast of burden
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zwierzę juczne
sense_list:
A draft animal, a pack animal such as a donkey, mule, llama, camel, horse, or ox, that carries or pulls a load for the benefit of a human.


lexentry: eng/beat__Verb__1
written_rep: beat
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: bić
sense_list:
(intransitive) To strike repeatedly; to inflict repeated blows; to knock vigorously or loudly. | (intransitive) To move with pulsation or throbbing. | To mix food in a rapid fashion. Compare whip. | (transitive) To indicate by beating or drumming. | To exercise severely; to perplex; to trouble. | To make a sound when struck.


lexentry: eng/beat__Verb__1
written_rep: beat
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: pobić | bić | uderzać | uderzyć
sense_list:
(transitive) To win against; to defeat or overcome; to do or be better than (someone); to excel in a particular, competitive event.


lexentry: eng/beat_around_the_bush__Verb__1
written_rep: beat around the bush
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: owijać w bawełnę
sense_list:
(idiomatic) To treat a topic, but omit its main points, often intentionally. | (idiomatic) To delay or avoid talking about something difficult or unpleasant.


lexentry: eng/beater__Noun__1
written_rep: beater
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: naganiacz
sense_list:
A person who drives game towards shooters in a hunting party, typically working in a group with other beaters.


lexentry: eng/beater__Noun__1
written_rep: beater
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: bidło
sense_list:
A weaving tool designed to push the weft yarn securely into place. It contains the comb-like insert reed and is sometimes a part of the loom.


lexentry: eng/beatification__Noun__1
written_rep: beatification
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: beatyfikacja
sense_list:
The act of beatifying, or the state of being beatified; especially, in the Roman Catholic Church, the act or process of ascertaining and declaring that a deceased person is one of "the blessed," or has attained the second degree of sanctity, — usually a stage in the process of canonization.


lexentry: eng/beatify__Verb__1
written_rep: beatify
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: beatyfikować
sense_list:
(transitive, Roman Catholicism) To carry out the third of four steps in canonization, making someone a blessed.


lexentry: eng/beauty__Noun__1
written_rep: beauty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: piękno | krasa | uroda | krasota | pięknota
sense_list:
(uncountable) The quality of being (especially visually) attractive, pleasing, fine or good-looking; comeliness.


lexentry: eng/beauty__Noun__1
written_rep: beauty
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: piękność | krasawica | laska | przystojniak | urodziwiec
sense_list:
Someone who is beautiful. | (in the plural) Those aspects or elements that make someone or something beautiful.


lexentry: eng/beauty_and_the_beast__Noun__1
written_rep: beauty and the beast
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: piękniejsza i brzydsza osoba
sense_list:
Two individuals, usually but not necessarily romantically involved, one of whom is considerably more attractive than the other.


lexentry: eng/bebop__Noun__1
written_rep: bebop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bebop
sense_list:
(music genre) An early form of modern jazz played by small groups and featuring driving rhythms and complex, often dissonant harmonies.


lexentry: eng/because__Interjection__1
written_rep: because
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bo tak
sense_list:
Used alone to refuse to provide a full answer a question begun with "why", usually taken as an anapodoton of the elided full phrase "Because I said so".


lexentry: eng/becket__Noun__1
written_rep: becket
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: oko
sense_list:
(nautical) A loop of rope with a knot at one end to catch in an eye at the other end. Used to secure oars etc. at their place.


lexentry: eng/becquerel__Noun__1
written_rep: becquerel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bekerel
sense_list:
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radioactive activity; the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second. Symbol: Bq


lexentry: eng/bed__Noun__1
written_rep: bed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: łóżko
sense_list:
A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep. | A prepared spot in which to spend the night. | A shaped piece of timber to hold a cask clear of a ship’s floor; a pallet. | A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid.


lexentry: eng/bed__Noun__1
written_rep: bed
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: powierzchnia ładunkowa
sense_list:
The platform of a truck, trailer, wagon, railcar, or other vehicle that supports the load to be hauled.


lexentry: eng/bed_and_breakfast__Noun__1
written_rep: bed and breakfast
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pensjonat typu B&B | pokój ze śniadaniem
sense_list:
A private home, guesthouse, small hotel etc. where guests are provided overnight accommodations and served breakfast but usually no other meals.


lexentry: eng/bed_urinal__Noun__1
written_rep: bed urinal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nocnik
sense_list:
A sealable plastic bottle into which a patient urinates when using a bathroom is inconvenient or impossible; often but not always with a long neck reminiscent of a duck.


lexentry: eng/bedbug__Noun__1
written_rep: bedbug
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pluskwa
sense_list:
A small nocturnal insect pest of humans, of species Cimex lectularius (common bedbug) and Cimex hemipterus (tropical bedbug) that feeds on the blood of humans during sleep.


lexentry: eng/bedpan__Noun__1
written_rep: bedpan
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: basen
sense_list:
A pan used for urination and defecation while in bed, now usually for reasons of medical necessity or convenience.


lexentry: eng/bedrock__Noun__1
written_rep: bedrock
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: skała macierzysta
sense_list:
(uncountable, geology, mining, engineering, construction) The solid rock found at some depth below the ground surface.


lexentry: eng/bedsore__Noun__1
written_rep: bedsore
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: odleżyna
sense_list:
(medicine, usually, in the plural, dated) A lesion caused by unrelieved pressure to any part of the body, especially portions over bony or cartilaginous areas, such as frequently develops on a person confined to a bed by infirmity.


lexentry: eng/bedstead__Noun__1
written_rep: bedstead
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: łóżko
sense_list:
The framework that supports a bed; the rigid structural components of a bed, excluding the mattress, box spring, etc; bedframe.


lexentry: eng/bedstraw__Noun__1
written_rep: bedstraw
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przytulia
sense_list:
any plant of herb genus Galium of the madder family with small pointed leaves and hairy stems with small, white or yellow flowers


lexentry: eng/bee-eater__Noun__1
written_rep: bee-eater
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: żołna
sense_list:
Any of various brightly-coloured, insectivorous, near-passerine birds in the family Meropidae, especially the European bee-eater, Merops apiaster.


lexentry: eng/bee__Noun__1
written_rep: bee
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pszczoła
sense_list:
A flying insect, of the clade Anthophila within the hymenopteran superfamily Apoidea, known for its organised societies (though only a minority have them), for collecting pollen and (in some species) producing wax and honey.


lexentry: eng/bee_fly__Noun__1
written_rep: bee fly
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bjanka
sense_list:
Any of the flies in the family Bombyliidae, with adults that look like bumblebees and larvae that are parasitic on the eggs or larvae of other insects.


lexentry: eng/bee_hummingbird__Noun__1
written_rep: bee hummingbird
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koliberek hawański
sense_list:
A species of hummingbird, Mellisuga helenae, native to Cuba, noted for being the smallest living bird.


lexentry: eng/beebread__Noun__1
written_rep: beebread
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: pierzga
sense_list:
Bee pollen with added honey and bee secretions, made and stored in brood cells by forager bees, and used as food for worker bees and larvae.


lexentry: eng/beech__Noun__1
written_rep: beech
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: buk
sense_list:
A tree of the genus Fagus having a smooth, light grey trunk, oval, pointed leaves, and many branches.


lexentry: eng/beef__Noun__1
written_rep: beef
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wołowina
sense_list:
(in the meat industry, on, _, product packaging) The edible portions of a cow (including those which are not meat). | (uncountable) The meat from cattle or other bovines.


lexentry: eng/beefsteak__Noun__1
written_rep: beefsteak
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: befsztyk
sense_list:
(countable, uncountable) (A) steak cut from beef cattle. | (countable) Ellipsis of beefsteak tomato. | (countable) Ellipsis of beefsteak mushroom.


lexentry: eng/beehive__Noun__1
written_rep: beehive
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ul
sense_list:
An enclosed structure in which some species of honey bees (genus Apis) live and raise their young. | A man-made structure in which bees are kept for their honey.


lexentry: eng/beeline__Noun__1
written_rep: beeline
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: najprostsza droga
sense_list:
(mining, chiefly, historical) A dynamite fuse made with a small quantity of dynamite powder along its length, so that the spark travels quickly and at a specific known rate.


lexentry: eng/beep__Verb__1
written_rep: beep
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: puścić bączka
sense_list:
(intransitive) To produce a beep. | (transitive) To telephone a person, only allowing the phone to ring once, in order to request a call back.


lexentry: eng/beer__Noun__1
written_rep: beer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: piwo
sense_list:
(uncountable) An alcoholic drink fermented from starch material, commonly barley malt; often with hops or some other substance (like gruit) to impart a bitter flavor. | (countable) A glass, bottle, or can of any of the above beverages.


lexentry: eng/beer_belly__Noun__1
written_rep: beer belly
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mięsień piwny | brzuszek piwny | brzuszysko | ciąża gastronomiczna | kałdun
sense_list:
A protruding belly caused by excess fat stored in the abdomen and colloquially attributed to the consumption of beer.


lexentry: eng/beer_garden__Noun__1
written_rep: beer garden
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ogródek piwny
sense_list:
The outdoor section of a public house, where customers can sit in the sun and enjoy their beverages.


lexentry: eng/beer_goggles__Noun__1
written_rep: beer goggles
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wyższa atrakcyjność spodowowana przez alkohol
sense_list:
(idiomatic, originally, US, humorous, informal) The illusion that people are more sexually attractive, brought on by alcohol consumption.


lexentry: eng/beer_mat__Noun__1
written_rep: beer mat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: podstawka
sense_list:
A small square cardboard mat, often with an advertisement for a brewery on it, that is used to rest one's glass on, and to protect the surface of a table or a bar in a pub.


lexentry: eng/beeswax__Noun__1
written_rep: beeswax
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wosk pszczeli
sense_list:
A wax secreted by bees from which they make honeycomb; or, the processed form of this wax used in the manufacture of various goods.


lexentry: eng/beetle__Noun__1
written_rep: beetle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: chrząszcz | żuk
sense_list:
Any of numerous species of insect in the order Coleoptera characterized by a pair of hard, shell-like front wings which cover and protect a pair of rear wings when at rest.


lexentry: eng/beetroot__Noun__1
written_rep: beetroot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: burak | burak ćwikłowy
sense_list:
(UK, NZ, AU) A normally deep-red-coloured root vegetable usually cooked or pickled before eating; Synonym of beet.


lexentry: eng/before__Preposition__1
written_rep: before
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: przed
sense_list:
In front of in space. | Under consideration, judgment, authority of (someone). | In front of, according to a formal system of ordering items.


lexentry: eng/beggars_can't_be_choosers__Proverb__1
written_rep: beggars can't be choosers
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
(idiom) Something is better than nothing: those who can't provide for themselves should accept whatever help is available.

trans_list:
na bezrybiu i rak ryba | jak się nie ma, co się lubi, to się lubi, co się ma | lepszy rydz niż nic | lepszy wróbel w garści niż gołąb na dachu | lepszy wróbel w ręku niż cietrzew na sęku | lepszy wróbel w ręku niż sokół na sęku


lexentry: eng/beginning__Noun__1
written_rep: beginning
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: początek
sense_list:
(uncountable) The act of doing that which begins anything; commencement of an action, state, or space of time; entrance into being or upon a course; the first act, effort, or state of a succession of acts or states. | That which begins or originates something; the source or first cause. | The initial portion of some extended thing.


lexentry: eng/begrime__Verb__1
written_rep: begrime
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: brudzić | pobrudzić | szargać | ubrudzić | zabrudzać | zabrudzić
sense_list:
(transitive) To ingrain grime or dirt which is difficult to remove into (something); also (more generally) , to make (something) dirty; to soil.


lexentry: eng/beguine__Noun__1
written_rep: beguine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: beguine
sense_list:
A ballroom dance, similar to a slow rumba, originally from French West Indies and popularized abroad largely through the song "Begin the Beguine"; the music for the dance.


lexentry: eng/behalf__Noun__1
written_rep: behalf
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: awantaż
sense_list:
The interest, benefit, or wellbeing of someone or something. | (when adopted by someone else) One's role or rightful place; stead or authority.


lexentry: eng/behaviorism__Noun__1
written_rep: behaviorism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: behawioryzm
sense_list:
An approach to psychology focusing on observable behavior which, generally assuming that behavior is determined by the environment and denying any independent significance for mind, largely ignores any pathophysiological processes which may, or may not, underlie subjective, behavioral phenomena.


lexentry: eng/behest__Noun__1
written_rep: behest
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: komenda
sense_list:
A command, bidding; sometimes also, an authoritative request; now usually in the phrase at the behest of. [from 12th c.]


lexentry: eng/bejel__Noun__1
written_rep: bejel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: franca | francowata choroba | francuska choroba | kiła
sense_list:
Endemic syphilis, a chronic disease of skin and tissue caused by infection by a subspecies of the spirochete Treponema pallidum.


lexentry: eng/bel__Noun__1
written_rep: bel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bel
sense_list:
A measure of relative power, defined as log10(P 1/P 2), where P1 and P2 are the measured and reference power respectively.


lexentry: eng/belay__Verb__1
written_rep: belay
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: dokończyć
sense_list:
(transitive) To lay aside; to stop; to cancel. | (intransitive, nautical) The general command to stop or cease.


lexentry: eng/belch__Verb__1
written_rep: belch
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bekać | beknąć
sense_list:
(ambitransitive, immunology) To expel (gas) from the stomach through the mouth; especially, to do so loudly.


lexentry: eng/belemnite__Noun__1
written_rep: belemnite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: belemnit
sense_list:
(paleontology) Any member of the extinct order †Belemnitida of Mesozoic marine cephalopods, very similar in many ways to the modern squid and closely related to the modern cuttlefish.


lexentry: eng/belief__Noun__1
written_rep: belief
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: wiara
sense_list:
Faith or trust in the reality of something; often based upon one's own reasoning, trust in a claim, desire of actuality, and/or evidence considered. | (uncountable) The quality or state of believing.


lexentry: eng/believe__Verb__1
written_rep: believe
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przypuszczać | sądzić | myśleć
sense_list:
(transitive) To accept as true, particularly without absolute certainty (i.e., as opposed to knowing).


lexentry: eng/believe__Verb__1
written_rep: believe
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: wierzyć
sense_list:
(transitive) To accept that someone is telling the truth. | To believe that (something) is right or desirable. | To have confidence in the ability or power of.


lexentry: eng/believe_one's_eyes__Verb__1
written_rep: believe one's eyes
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wierzyć własnym oczom
sense_list:
(idiom, chiefly in the negative) To believe that something which one directly sees is truly the case.


lexentry: eng/belittle__Verb__1
written_rep: belittle
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bagatelizować | lekceważyć | zbagatelizować | zlekceważyć
sense_list:
(transitive) To knowingly say that something is smaller or less important than it actually is, especially as a way of showing contempt or deprecation. [from 1782]


lexentry: eng/bell-bottoms__Noun__1
written_rep: bell-bottoms
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dzwony
sense_list:
(plurale tantum) Pants that are flared from the knee downwards, a characteristic style of the 1970s.


lexentry: eng/bell-gable__Noun__1
written_rep: bell-gable
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dzwonnica parawanowa
sense_list:
(architecture) An element crowning the upper end of the wall of a church and in which a bell is hung, usually in lieu of a campanile or bell tower.


lexentry: eng/bell__Noun__1
written_rep: bell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dzwon | dzwonek
sense_list:
(percussion instrument) A percussive instrument made of metal or other hard material, typically but not always in the shape of an inverted cup with a flared rim, which resonates when struck.


lexentry: eng/bell__Noun__1
written_rep: bell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: dzwonek
sense_list:
(chiefly, British, informal) A telephone call. | A signal at a school that tells the students when a class is starting or ending.


lexentry: eng/bell__Noun__1
written_rep: bell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: czara
sense_list:
(music) The flared end of a brass or woodwind instrument. | (architecture) The part of the capital of a column included between the abacus and neck molding; also used for the naked core of nearly cylindrical shape, assumed to exist within the leafage of a capital.


lexentry: eng/bell_jar__Noun__1
written_rep: bell jar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dzwon szklany
sense_list:
A piece of laboratory equipment used for creating vacuums, often made of glass in a bell-like shape.


lexentry: eng/bell_pepper__Noun__1
written_rep: bell pepper
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: papryka
sense_list:
(North America, Philippines) Capsicum annuum, an edible, sweet, generally mild (not spicy) fruit, originating in the New World.


lexentry: eng/bellflower__Noun__1
written_rep: bellflower
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dzwonek
sense_list:
Any flowering plants in the genus Campanula. | Flowering plants in the genera, Campanulastrum, Codonopsis, or Platycodon, in the family Campanulaceae.


lexentry: eng/bellows__Noun__1
written_rep: bellows
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: miech
sense_list:
A device for delivering pressurized air in a controlled quantity to a controlled location. At its most simple terms a bellows is a container which is deformable in such a way as to alter its volume which has an outlet or outlets where one wishes to blow air.


lexentry: eng/bells__Noun__2
written_rep: bells
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: szkło
sense_list:
(nautical) Ship's bells; the strokes on a ship's bell, every half-hour, to mark the passage of time.


lexentry: eng/bellwether__Noun__1
written_rep: bellwether
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: indykator
sense_list:
(figuratively) Anything that indicates future trends. | (finance, figuratively) A stock or bond that is widely believed to be an indicator of the overall market's condition.


lexentry: eng/belly_flop__Noun__1
written_rep: belly flop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: płaski
sense_list:
(diving) A style of diving into a body of water in which the surface impact is made mostly by one's abdomen.


lexentry: eng/belong__Verb__1
written_rep: belong
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: należeć
sense_list:
(followed by to) To be a part of a group. | (intransitive, followed by to) To be part of, or the property of.


lexentry: eng/belonging__Noun__1
written_rep: belonging
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przynależność
sense_list:
(uncountable) The feeling that one belongs. | (countable, mostly, in the plural) Something physical that is owned.


lexentry: eng/below_the_belt__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: below the belt
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: poniżej pasa
sense_list:
(boxing) Of a punch, landing illegally, below the opponent's waist. | (by extension, idiomatic) Unfair; dirty; not according to the generally accepted rules.


lexentry: eng/belt__Noun__1
written_rep: belt
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: pas | pasek
sense_list:
A band used as a restraint for safety purposes, such as a seat belt. | (usually, capitalized) A geographical region known for a particular product, feature or demographic (Corn Belt, Bible Belt, Black Belt, Green Belt). | (baseball) The part of the strike zone at the height of the batter's waist.


lexentry: eng/bench__Noun__1
written_rep: bench
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: ławka
sense_list:
(government) A long seat for politicians in a parliamentary chamber. | (sports) The place where players (substitutes) and coaches sit when not playing.


lexentry: eng/bench__Noun__1
written_rep: bench
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 06
trans_list: ławka treningowa | ławka
sense_list:
A horizontal padded surface, usually adjustable in height and inclination and often with attached weight rack, used for proper posture during exercise.


lexentry: eng/bench_press__Noun__1
written_rep: bench press
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: supinum
sense_list:
(weightlifting) An exercise performed by pressing the weight of a barbell away from one's body while lying on a bench.


lexentry: eng/benchmarketing__Noun__1
written_rep: benchmarketing
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: analiza porównawcza | badania porównawcze | benchmarking
sense_list:
(business) The imitation of an aspect of another business where it is seen to excel, such as in supply-chain management or customer service.


lexentry: eng/bend__Noun__1
written_rep: bend
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: skos
sense_list:
(heraldiccharge) One of the honourable ordinaries formed by two diagonal lines drawn from the dexter chief to the sinister base; it generally occupies a fifth part of the shield if uncharged, but if charged one third.


lexentry: eng/bend__Verb__1
written_rep: bend
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 13
trans_list: giąć | zginać | zgiąć | zginać się | zgiąć się
sense_list:
(transitive, nautical) To tie, as in securing a line to a cleat; to shackle a chain to an anchor; make fast.


lexentry: eng/bend_sinister__Noun__1
written_rep: bend sinister
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: drążek
sense_list:
(heraldiccharge) A diagonal band on a coat of arms going from the sinister chief (the viewer's top right) to the dexter base, sometimes erroneously held to indicate bastardy.


lexentry: eng/bend_the_knee__Verb__1
written_rep: bend the knee
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: iść na pasku
sense_list:
(idiom) To swear fealty or allegiance to another person. | (idiom) To submit to or show reverence toward a divine power.


lexentry: eng/benediction__Noun__1
written_rep: benediction
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: błogosławieństwo | benedykcja
sense_list:
A short invocation for help, blessing and guidance from God, said on behalf of another person or persons (sometimes at the end of a church worship service).


lexentry: eng/benefice__Noun__1
written_rep: benefice
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: beneficjum
sense_list:
Land granted to a priest in a church that has a source of income attached to it. | (feudal law) An estate in lands; a fief.


lexentry: eng/beneficiary__Noun__1
written_rep: beneficiary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: beneficjant | beneficjent
sense_list:
One who benefits or receives an advantage. | (especially, trust law) One who benefits from the distribution, especially out of a trust or estate.


lexentry: eng/benzaldehyde__Noun__1
written_rep: benzaldehyde
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: benzaldehyd | aldehyd benzoesowy
sense_list:
(organic compound, uncountable) A chemical compound (C6H5CHO) consisting of a benzene ring with an aldehyde substituent.


lexentry: eng/benzene__Noun__1
written_rep: benzene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: benzen
sense_list:
(organic compound) An aromatic hydrocarbon of formula C6H6 whose structure consists of a ring of alternate single and double bonds.


lexentry: eng/benzodiazepine__Noun__1
written_rep: benzodiazepine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: benzodiazepina
sense_list:
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) Any of a class of psychoactive drugs, structured upon diazepine, used in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia and other related disorders.


lexentry: eng/benzofuran__Noun__1
written_rep: benzofuran
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: benzofuran | kumaron
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of bicyclic heterocycles consisting of a benzene ring fused with one of furan.


lexentry: eng/benzoic__Adjective__1
written_rep: benzoic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: benzoesowy
sense_list:
Pertaining to, or obtained from, benzoin. | (organic chemistry) Derived from benzoic acid or its derivatives.


lexentry: eng/benzoic_acid__Noun__1
written_rep: benzoic acid
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: kwas benzoesowy | benzoes
sense_list:
(carboxylic acid) A white crystalline organic acid, C6H5COOH; the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid; used as a food preservative and in many other industrial applications.


lexentry: eng/benzoin__Noun__1
written_rep: benzoin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: benzoes | benzoina | będźwin | styraks
sense_list:
A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from Styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/benzol__Noun__1
written_rep: benzol
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: benzol
sense_list:
(organic chemistry) An impure benzene (mixed with toluene etc), used in the arts as a solvent, and for various other purposes.


lexentry: eng/benzophenone__Noun__1
written_rep: benzophenone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: benzofenon
sense_list:
(organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of aromatic ketones based on the parent compound diphenylketone (C6H5)2CO; used, amongst other things, as ingredients in sunblock.


lexentry: eng/benzopyrene__Noun__1
written_rep: benzopyrene
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: benzopireny
sense_list:
(organic compound) A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (having five fused benzene rings) that is both mutagenic and carcinogenic


lexentry: eng/benzoquinone__Noun__1
written_rep: benzoquinone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: benzochinon
sense_list:
(organic compound) Either of the two isomeric forms of the simplest quinone, C6H4O2, or any of their derivatives.


lexentry: eng/benzoyl__Noun__1
written_rep: benzoyl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: benzoil
sense_list:
(organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical formally derived from benzoic acid, C6H5CO-, by removal of the hydroxyl group


lexentry: eng/benzyl__Noun__1
written_rep: benzyl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: benzyl
sense_list:
(organic chemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical C6H5-CH2- related to toluene and benzoic acid


lexentry: eng/beret__Noun__1
written_rep: beret
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: beret
sense_list:
A type of round, brimless cap with a soft top and a headband to secure it to the head; usually culturally associated with France.


lexentry: eng/beriberi__Noun__1
written_rep: beriberi
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: beri-beri
sense_list:
(pathology) An ailment caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), leading to lethargy and organ complications.


lexentry: eng/berry__Noun__1
written_rep: berry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jagoda
sense_list:
A small succulent fruit, of any one of many varieties. | (botany) A soft fruit which develops from a single ovary and contains seeds not encased in pits.


lexentry: eng/berth__Noun__1
written_rep: berth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: koja | kuszetka
sense_list:
(by extension) A place on a vessel to sleep, especially a bed on the side of a cabin. | (by extension) A room in a vessel in which the officers or company mess#Verb 2 and reside; also, a room or other place in a vessel for storage.


lexentry: eng/berth__Verb__1
written_rep: berth
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cumować
sense_list:
(nautical) To bring (a ship or other vessel) into a berth (noun sense 1.1); also, to provide a berth for (a vessel).


lexentry: eng/beryl__Noun__1
written_rep: beryl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: beryl
sense_list:
(uncountable, mineral) A mineral of pegmatite deposits, often used as a gemstone (molecular formula Be3Al2Si6O18).


lexentry: eng/beryllium__Noun__1
written_rep: beryllium
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: beryl
sense_list:
The chemical element (symbol Be) with an atomic number of 4; a soft silvery-white low density alkaline earth metal with specialist industrial applications.


lexentry: eng/besague__Noun__1
written_rep: besague
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: tarczka opachowa
sense_list:
A plate (as of armor) that protects an otherwise-exposed area, such as the armpit (alternative form of besagew), the elbow, or the hand


lexentry: eng/besides__Adverb__1
written_rep: besides
part_of_speech: adverb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: poza tym | zresztą
sense_list:
(conjunctive) Used to emphasize an additional point, especially an important or stronger reason; moreover; furthermore.


lexentry: eng/besiege__Verb__1
written_rep: besiege
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oblegać
sense_list:
(transitive) To beset or surround with armed forces for the purpose of compelling to surrender, to lay siege to, beleaguer.


lexentry: eng/besmirch__Verb__1
written_rep: besmirch
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: brudzić
sense_list:
(transitive, literary) To make dirty. | (transitive) To tarnish something, especially someone's reputation.


lexentry: eng/bespeak__Verb__1
written_rep: bespeak
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mówić
sense_list:
(transitive, formal, or, archaic) To speak about; tell of; relate; discuss. | (intransitive) To speak up or out; exclaim; speak.


lexentry: eng/bespeak__Verb__1
written_rep: bespeak
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: dogadzać
sense_list:
(transitive) To speak for beforehand; engage in advance; make arrangements for; order or reserve in advance.


lexentry: eng/bestow__Verb__1
written_rep: bestow
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: położyć
sense_list:
To impart (something) gratuitously; to present (something) to someone or something, especially as a gift or an honour; to confer, to give, to accord.


lexentry: eng/bestow__Verb__1
written_rep: bestow
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: umieścić
sense_list:
(also, reflexive) To provide (someone or oneself) with accommodation; to find quarters for (someone or oneself); to lodge, to quarter.


lexentry: eng/bet__Noun__1
written_rep: bet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zakład
sense_list:
A wager, an agreement between two parties that a stake (usually money) will be paid by the loser to the winner (the winner being the one who correctly forecast the outcome of an event).


lexentry: eng/beta__Noun__1
written_rep: beta
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: beta
sense_list:
The second letter of the Greek alphabet (Β, β), preceded by alpha (Α, α) and followed by gamma, (Γ, γ). In modern Greek it represents the voiced labiodental fricative sound of v found in the English words have and vase.


lexentry: eng/beta_cell__Noun__1
written_rep: beta cell
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: komórka beta
sense_list:
(anatomy) An endocrine cell, located in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, primarily responsible for the storage and release of insulin.


lexentry: eng/beta_function__Noun__1
written_rep: beta function
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: funkcja beta
sense_list:
(analysis) A mathematical function that is also called the Euler integral of the first kind; it is a symmetric special function.


lexentry: eng/beta_version__Noun__1
written_rep: beta version
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wersja beta
sense_list:
(computing) An early version of a program or application that contains most of the major features, but is not yet complete. Sometimes these versions are released only to a select group of people, or to the general public, for testing and feedback. This is the second major stage of development following the alpha version, and comes before the release candidate.


lexentry: eng/betabux__Noun__1
written_rep: betabux
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: betabankomat
sense_list:
(incel slang, derogatory) A beta male who acts as a provider for a woman who has decided to finally settle down.


lexentry: eng/betaine__Noun__1
written_rep: betaine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: betaina
sense_list:
(uncountable, organic compound) A sweet, crystalline compound (not an alkaloid), trimethylammoniumacetate, found in sugar beet and similar plants, sometimes used to treat muscular degeneracy; the zwitterion (CH3)3N+CH2COO-


lexentry: eng/betake__Verb__1
written_rep: betake
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: udać się
sense_list:
(reflexive, literary) To take oneself to; go or move; repair; resort; have recourse. [from 17th c.] | (reflexive, archaic) To commit to a specified action. [from 16th c.] | (transitive, archaic) To commend or entrust to; to commit to.


lexentry: eng/betide__Verb__1
written_rep: betide
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: otrzymać
sense_list:
(transitive) Often used in a prediction (chiefly in woe betide) or a wish: to happen to (someone or something); to befall.


lexentry: eng/betray__Verb__1
written_rep: betray
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wydać | zdradzić
sense_list:
(transitive) To deliver into the hands of an enemy by treachery or fraud, in violation of trust; to give up treacherously or faithlessly.


lexentry: eng/betray__Verb__1
written_rep: betray
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zdradzić
sense_list:
(transitive) To prove faithless or treacherous to, as to a trust or one who trusts; to be false to; to deceive.


lexentry: eng/betrothal__Noun__1
written_rep: betrothal
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: zaręczyny
sense_list:
The fact of being betrothed; a mutual promise, engagement, or contract for a future marriage between two people.


lexentry: eng/better_safe_than_sorry__Proverb__1
written_rep: better safe than sorry
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
It is preferable to be cautious in one's choices and actions than to act recklessly and suffer afterwards.

trans_list:
gdyby kózka nie skakała, toby nóżki nie złamała | lepiej dmuchać na zimne | strzeżonego Pan Bóg strzeże | żeby kózka nie skakała, toby nóżki nie złamała


lexentry: eng/between__Preposition__1
written_rep: between
part_of_speech: preposition
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: między | pomiędzy
sense_list:
In the position or interval that separates (two things), or intermediate in quantity or degree. (See Usage notes below.) | In transit from (one to the other, or connecting places). | One of (representing a choice).


lexentry: eng/between_a_rock_and_a_hard_place__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: between a rock and a hard place
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: między młotem a kowadłem
sense_list:
(idiom) In a difficult and inescapable position. [from early 20th c.] | (idiomatic) Having the choice between two unpleasant or distasteful options; in a predicament or quandary.


lexentry: eng/between_the_hammer_and_the_anvil__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: between the hammer and the anvil
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: między młotem a kowadłem
sense_list:
(chiefly, UK, idiomatic) With the choice between two unpleasant or distasteful options; in a predicament or quandary.


lexentry: eng/beverage__Noun__1
written_rep: beverage
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: napój
sense_list:
(mostly, North America) A liquid to consume; a drink, such as tea, coffee, liquor, beer, milk, juice, or a soft drink, usually excluding water. | (Britain, slang, archaic) (A gift of) drink money.


lexentry: eng/bevor__Noun__1
written_rep: bevor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obojczyk
sense_list:
(historical) A portion of plate armour to protect the lower face and the neck, typically in two parts, called upper bevor and lower bevor.


lexentry: eng/beyond_a_reasonable_doubt__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: beyond a reasonable doubt
min_sense_num: 01
sense_list:
(legal) A legal standard for deciding the outcome of a criminal charge, requiring evidence that is sufficient to eliminate any doubts that a reasonable person might entertain about whether a claim is true or false.

trans_list:
ponad uzasadnioną wątpliwość | ponad wszelką wątpliwość | poza wszelką wątpliwością | poza wszelką wątpliwość


lexentry: eng/beyond_the_pale__Prepositional_phrase__1
written_rep: beyond the pale
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nie do przyjęcia
sense_list:
(idiomatic) Of a person or their behaviour: outside the bounds of what is acceptable, or regarded as good judgment, morality, ethics, etc.


lexentry: eng/bezant__Noun__1
written_rep: bezant
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: podkładka
sense_list:
(heraldiccharge) A roundel or (that is, a golden circle), the heraldic representation of a gold coin.


lexentry: eng/bezel__Noun__1
written_rep: bezel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: ściana
sense_list:
The oblique side or face of a cut gem; especially the upper faceted portion of a brilliant (diamond), which projects from its setting.


lexentry: eng/bezel__Noun__1
written_rep: bezel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: oprawa
sense_list:
The rim and flange which encompasses and fastens a jewel or other object, such as the crystal of a watch, in the cavity in which it is set.


lexentry: eng/bezel__Noun__1
written_rep: bezel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: apertura
sense_list:
(computing) The panel that covers the front of a computer case, or the panel covering each drive bay that can be removed to install a removable drive that requires external access, such as a CD/DVD-ROM drive, which usually has its own preinstalled bezel.


lexentry: eng/bezoar__Noun__1
written_rep: bezoar
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bezoar
sense_list:
A mass, usually of hair or undigested vegetable matter, found in a human or animal's intestines, similar to a hairball.


lexentry: eng/bhikkhu__Noun__1
written_rep: bhikkhu
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dziób
sense_list:
A male Buddhist monk or priest; one who follows all Buddhist precepts as a full member of the sangha.


lexentry: eng/bi-curious__Adjective__1
written_rep: bi-curious
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bi
sense_list:
(LGBT) Interested in having relationships with both men and women, curious about one's potential bisexuality; especially, of heterosexual people, considering a first sexual experience with a member of the same sex.


lexentry: eng/bias__Noun__1
written_rep: bias
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 04
trans_list: polaryzacja
sense_list:
(electronics) A voltage or current applied to an electronic device, such as a transistor electrode, to move its operating point to a desired part of its transfer function.


lexentry: eng/bias__Noun__1
written_rep: bias
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: obciążenie
sense_list:
(statistics) The difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it.


lexentry: eng/biathlon__Noun__1
written_rep: biathlon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biathlon | biatlon | dwubój zimowy
sense_list:
(winter sports, uncountable) Racing combining cross-country skiing and rifle shooting; (countable) a particular instance of such a race.


lexentry: eng/biaxial__Adjective__1
written_rep: biaxial
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: dwuosiowy
sense_list:
(mathematics, astronomy) Having two axes of rotation and two planes of symmetry (e.g. having the shape of a spheroid)


lexentry: eng/bib__Noun__1
written_rep: bib
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: śliniaczek | śliniak
sense_list:
An item of clothing for people (especially babies) tied around their neck to protect their clothes from getting dirty when eating.


lexentry: eng/bibimbap__Noun__1
written_rep: bibimbap
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bibimbap
sense_list:
A Korean dish of white rice topped with vegetables, beef, a whole egg, and gochujang (chili pepper paste).


lexentry: eng/bible__Noun__1
written_rep: bible
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: Biblia
sense_list:
(by extension) A comprehensive manual that describes something, or a publication with a loyal readership.


lexentry: eng/biblical__Adjective__1
written_rep: biblical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biblijny
sense_list:
Of or relating to the Bible. | In accordance with the teachings of the Bible (according to some interpretation of it). | (figurative) Very great; especially, exceeding previous records in scale.


lexentry: eng/bibliography__Noun__1
written_rep: bibliography
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bibliografia
sense_list:
A section of a written work containing citations, not quotations, to all the books referred to in the work. | A list of books or documents relevant to a particular subject or author. | The study of the history of books in terms of their classification, printing and publication.


lexentry: eng/bibliotherapy__Noun__1
written_rep: bibliotherapy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biblioterapia
sense_list:
A nonpharmacological therapy using reading materials to meet people’s therapeutic or developmental needs.


lexentry: eng/bicameral__Adjective__1
written_rep: bicameral
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dwuizbowy | bikameralny
sense_list:
Being or having a system with two, often unequal, chambers or compartments; of, signifying, relating to, or being the product of such a two-chambered system. | (government) Of, having, or relating to two separate legislative chambers or houses.


lexentry: eng/bicameralism__Noun__1
written_rep: bicameralism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bikameralizm | dwuizbowość
sense_list:
(government) The practice of dividing legislative bodies into two chambers with complementary powers and limitations designed to provide checks and balances against one another.


lexentry: eng/bicarbonate__Noun__1
written_rep: bicarbonate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: wodorowęglan
sense_list:
(organic compound) the univalent anion HCO3-; any salt of carbonic acid in which only one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced. [from 1814]


lexentry: eng/bicone__Noun__1
written_rep: bicone
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: [[dwu-]]stożek
sense_list:
(geometry) The three-dimensional shape swept by revolving an isosceles triangle around its edge of unequal length, or by joining two identical right circular cones, base to base.


lexentry: eng/bicorn__Noun__1
written_rep: bicorn
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bikorn | pieróg
sense_list:
(historical) A two-cornered hat worn by European and American military and naval officers from the 1790s.


lexentry: eng/bicycle__Noun__1
written_rep: bicycle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: rower
sense_list:
(cycling) A vehicle that has two wheels, one behind the other, a steering handle, and a saddle seat or seats and is usually propelled by the action of a rider’s feet upon pedals.


lexentry: eng/bid-ask_spread__Noun__1
written_rep: bid-ask spread
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: spread
sense_list:
(finance) The difference between the prices quoted (by a market maker or an order book) for an immediate sale ("offer") and an immediate purchase ("bid") for stocks, futures contracts, options, or currency pairs.


lexentry: eng/bid__Verb__2
written_rep: bid
part_of_speech: verb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: licytować | zalicytować
sense_list:
(intransitive) To make an offer to pay or accept a certain price. | (transitive) To offer as a price.


lexentry: eng/bidet__Noun__1
written_rep: bidet
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bidet
sense_list:
A low-mounted plumbing fixture or type of sink intended for washing the external genitalia and the anus.


lexentry: eng/bidirectional__Adjective__1
written_rep: bidirectional
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dwukierunkowy
sense_list:
Moving in two directions (usually opposite). | Operating or functioning in two directions (usually opposite).


lexentry: eng/bidon__Noun__1
written_rep: bidon
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bidon
sense_list:
A bottle or flask for holding a beverage such as water or wine; (specifically, sports) a water bottle which can be squeezed to squirt the beverage out of the nozzle, especially (cycling) one designed for mounting on a bicycle.


lexentry: eng/big_baby__Noun__1
written_rep: big baby
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: mazgaj
sense_list:
(derogatory) An adult or youth prone to immature behavior associated with babies, such as tantrums or pouting.


lexentry: eng/big_cat__Noun__1
written_rep: big cat
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: płowy
sense_list:
Any large feline animal, especially one of the Panthera genus, including tigers, lions, jaguars and leopards.


lexentry: eng/big_fish_in_a_small_pond__Noun__1
written_rep: big fish in a small pond
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: duża ryba w małym stawie
sense_list:
(idiomatic) One who has achieved a high rank or is highly esteemed, but only in a small, relatively unimportant, or little known location or organization.


lexentry: eng/big_toe__Noun__1
written_rep: big toe
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: paluch
sense_list:
(anatomy) The largest toe (usually) on each human foot (i.e. the toe closest to the other foot when the feet are flat on the ground, side by side, and the legs not crossed) or on a foot of certain other animals.


lexentry: eng/bigorexia__Noun__1
written_rep: bigorexia
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bigoreksja
sense_list:
(medicine) A mental disorder in which the sufferer perceives himself to have inadequate musculature; most common among bodybuilders


lexentry: eng/bigot__Noun__1
written_rep: bigot
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bigotka | bigot
sense_list:
(obsolete) One who is overly pious in matters of religion, often hypocritically or else superstitiously so.


lexentry: eng/bigoted__Adjective__1
written_rep: bigoted
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: sectaire
sense_list:
Having the characteristics of a bigot; strongly prejudiced; forming negative opinions about others without just cause.


lexentry: eng/bigotry__Noun__1
written_rep: bigotry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bigoteria
sense_list:
The condition or the characteristic quality of a bigot, especially religious, anti-religious or racial intolerant prejudice; opinionatedness; fanaticism; fanatic intolerance.


lexentry: eng/bile__Noun__1
written_rep: bile
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: żółć
sense_list:
A bitter brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow secretion produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and discharged into the duodenum where it aids the process of digestion. | Bitterness of temper; ill humour; irascibility.


lexentry: eng/bilge__Noun__1
written_rep: bilge
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: obło
sense_list:
(nautical) The rounded portion of a ship's hull, forming a transition between the bottom and the sides.


lexentry: eng/bilinear__Adjective__1
written_rep: bilinear
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dwuliniowy
sense_list:
(linear algebra, of a function in two variables) Linear (preserving linear combinations) in each variable.


lexentry: eng/bilirubin__Noun__1
written_rep: bilirubin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bilirubina
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A bile pigment that is a product of the breakdown of the heme portion of hemoglobin (which occurs within macrophages as they digest red blood cells), and which is responsible for the yellowish color seen in bruises. Extremely high levels of bilirubin may cause jaundice.


lexentry: eng/biliverdin__Noun__1
written_rep: biliverdin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biliwerdyna
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment, a product of heme catabolism, responsible for the greenish color sometimes seen in bruises.


lexentry: eng/bill__Noun__1
written_rep: bill
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: afisz
sense_list:
A document, originally sealed; a formal statement or official memorandum. (Now obsolete except with certain qualifying words; bill of health, bill of sale etc.)


lexentry: eng/bill__Noun__1
written_rep: bill
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 07
trans_list: rachunek | faktura
sense_list:
A written note of goods sold, services rendered, or work done, with the price or charge; an invoice.


lexentry: eng/bill__Noun__2
written_rep: bill
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dziób
sense_list:
The beak of a bird, especially when small or flattish; sometimes also used with reference to a platypus, turtle, or other animal.


lexentry: eng/bill__Noun__3
written_rep: bill
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: halabarda
sense_list:
Any of various bladed or pointed hand weapons, originally designating an Anglo-Saxon sword, and later a weapon of infantry, especially in the 14th and 15th centuries, commonly consisting of a broad, heavy, double-edged, hook-shaped blade, with a short pike at the back and another at the top, attached to the end of a long staff.


lexentry: eng/bill_of_fare__Noun__1
written_rep: bill of fare
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: jadłospis
sense_list:
(old-fashioned) A written or printed enumeration of the dishes served at a banquet, or of the dishes (with prices listed) that may be ordered at a restaurant, etc.


lexentry: eng/bill_of_lading__Noun__1
written_rep: bill of lading
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: konosament
sense_list:
(shipping) A document issued by a carrier (e.g. master of a ship or the ship owner's agent) to a shipper listing a ship's cargo, acknowledging receipt of said cargo, and specifying terms for its delivery.


lexentry: eng/billboard__Noun__1
written_rep: billboard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: billboard | baner | banner
sense_list:
A very large outdoor sign, generally used for advertising. | (nautical) A piece of thick plank, armed with iron plates, and fixed on the bow or fore-channels of a vessel, for the bill or fluke of the anchor to rest on.


lexentry: eng/billhook__Noun__1
written_rep: billhook
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: sierpak
sense_list:
An agricultural hand tool often with a curved or hooked end to the blade used for pruning or cutting thick, woody plants. | (written as bill-hook) A part of the knotting mechanism in a reaper-binder or baler (agricultural machinery).


lexentry: eng/billiards__Noun__1
written_rep: billiards
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bilard
sense_list:
(games, British) A two-player cue sport played with two cue balls and one red ball, on a snooker sized table.


lexentry: eng/billion__Numeral__1
written_rep: billion
part_of_speech: numeral
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: miliard
sense_list:
(US, modern British & Australian, short scale) a thousand million (logic: 1,000 × 1,0002): 1 followed by nine zeros, 109; a milliard


lexentry: eng/billion__Numeral__1
written_rep: billion
part_of_speech: numeral
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bilion
sense_list:
(dated, British & Australian, long scale) A million million (logic: 1,000,0002): a 1 followed by twelve zeros; 1012 | (colloquial, hyperbole) An unspecified very large number.


lexentry: eng/bimetallism__Noun__1
written_rep: bimetallism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bimetalizm
sense_list:
(economics) The use of a monetary standard based upon two different metals, traditionally gold and silver usually in a fixed ratio of values.


lexentry: eng/binarism__Noun__1
written_rep: binarism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: binaryzm
sense_list:
Belief in, or a mode of thought predicated on, a binary; belief that something (for example, gender) is a binary.


lexentry: eng/binary__Adjective__1
written_rep: binary
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: binarny
sense_list:
Being in one of two mutually exclusive states. | (logic) Concerning logic whose subject matter concerns binary states. | Having two equally important parts; related to something with two parts. | (mathematics, programming, computer engineering) Of an operation, function, procedure, or logic gate, taking exactly two operands, arguments, parameters, or inputs; having domain of dimension 2.


lexentry: eng/binary__Noun__1
written_rep: binary
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: system binarny | system dwójkowy
sense_list:
(mathematics, computing, uncountable) The bijective base-2 numeral system, which uses only the digits 0 and 1.


lexentry: eng/binary_tree__Noun__1
written_rep: binary tree
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: drzewo binarne
sense_list:
(mathematics, computer science) A data structure in which each node has at most two children, each node but the root has one parent, and there are no cycles.


lexentry: eng/binder_clip__Noun__1
written_rep: binder clip
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: klips | klips biurowy
sense_list:
A simple device for binding a few to many sheets of paper, leaving the sheets intact; a strip of spring steel bent into the shape of an isosceles triangle with loops at the apex.


lexentry: eng/bindle__Noun__2
written_rep: bindle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: węzełek
sense_list:
(Canada, US, , slang) Any bundle or package; specifically one containing narcotics such as cocaine, heroin, or morphine.


lexentry: eng/bingo__Interjection__1
written_rep: bingo
part_of_speech: interjection
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bingo | proszę bardzo
sense_list:
(informal) Used when finding what one has been looking for or trying to recall, or on successful completion of a task.


lexentry: eng/bingo__Noun__1
written_rep: bingo
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bingo
sense_list:
(uncountable) A game of chance for two or more players, who mark off numbers on a grid as they are announced by the caller; the game is won by the first person to call out "bingo!" or "house!" after crossing off all numbers on the grid or in one line of the grid. | (countable) A win in such a game.


lexentry: eng/binitarianism__Noun__1
written_rep: binitarianism
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: binitarianizm
sense_list:
(chiefly, Christianity) The belief, particularly among some Christian churches (also called cults, denominations, or sects) that God is two personae (persons), two individuals, or two aspects in one Godhead (or God), these being God the Father and God the Son (Jesus Christ).


lexentry: eng/binnacle__Noun__1
written_rep: binnacle
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: naktuz
sense_list:
(nautical) The wooden housing for a ship's compass, with its corrector magnets and illuminating arrangements. The log and other equipment for measuring the ship's speed are also stowed there.


lexentry: eng/binoculars__Noun__1
written_rep: binoculars
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: lornetka | lorneta
sense_list:
A hand-held device consisting of a series of lenses and prisms, used to magnify objects so that they can be better seen from a distance, and looked at through both eyes.


lexentry: eng/binomial_nomenclature__Noun__1
written_rep: binomial nomenclature
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: nomenklatura binominalna
sense_list:
(taxonomy) The scientific system of naming each species of organism with a Latinized name in two parts; the first is the genus, and is written with an initial capital letter; the second is some specific epithet that distinguishes the species within the genus. By convention, the whole name is typeset in italics. The genus part is often abbreviated to its initial letter e.g. H. sapiens for Homo sapiens


lexentry: eng/bioaccumulation__Noun__1
written_rep: bioaccumulation
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bioakumulacja
sense_list:
(biology) The process by which substances accumulate in the tissues of living organisms; used especially of toxic substances that accumulate via a food chain.


lexentry: eng/bioacoustics__Noun__1
written_rep: bioacoustics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bioakustyka
sense_list:
A cross-disciplinary science that combines biology and acoustics, investigating for instance the mechanisms of sound production and detection.


lexentry: eng/biocatalysis__Noun__1
written_rep: biocatalysis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biokataliza
sense_list:
(biochemistry) Catalysis using biological catalysts (especially enzymes, whether protein enzymes or RNA ones (ribozymes).


lexentry: eng/biocatalyst__Noun__1
written_rep: biocatalyst
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biokatalizator
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A biochemical catalyst; normally an enzyme, either a protein enzyme or an RNA one (a ribozyme).


lexentry: eng/biochemical__Adjective__1
written_rep: biochemical
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biochemiczny
sense_list:
of, or relating to biochemistry | characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical processes in living organisms


lexentry: eng/biochemistry__Noun__1
written_rep: biochemistry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biochemia
sense_list:
(uncountable) The chemistry of those compounds that occur in living organisms, and the processes that occur in their metabolism and catabolism | (countable) The chemical characteristics of a particular living organism


lexentry: eng/bioclimatology__Noun__1
written_rep: bioclimatology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bioklimatologia
sense_list:
The interdisciplinary field of science that studies the interactions between the biosphere and the Earth's atmosphere on time scales of the order of seasons or longer (in opposition to biometeorology).


lexentry: eng/biodegradability__Noun__1
written_rep: biodegradability
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biodegradowalność
sense_list:
The capacity of a material to decompose over time as a result of biological activity, especially to be broken down by microorganisms.


lexentry: eng/biodiesel__Noun__1
written_rep: biodiesel
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biodiesel
sense_list:
Fuel for diesel engines made from renewable organic raw materials, as opposed to fossil hydrocarbons.


lexentry: eng/biodynamic__Adjective__1
written_rep: biodynamic
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: biodynamiczny
sense_list:
(Anthroposophy, agriculture, pseudoscience) Of, or relating to a form of organic agriculture with mystical and holistic elements, based on the teachings of Rudolf Steiner.


lexentry: eng/bioelectricity__Noun__1
written_rep: bioelectricity
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bioprąd
sense_list:
(biology, physics) Any form of electricity generated within an organism, especially by a muscle or nerve.


lexentry: eng/bioenergetics__Noun__1
written_rep: bioenergetics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bioenergetyka
sense_list:
(biology, physics) The study of the energy transformations that take place in living organisms. | A form of physical therapy according to which physical movements are a means of releasing emotional stress.


lexentry: eng/biofact__Noun__1
written_rep: biofact
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biofakt
sense_list:
(archaeology) a biological artefact, not altered by human hands; e.g. a seed, or an uncarved wooden roof beam. | (philosophy, sociology, the arts) A hybrid of an artefact and a living entity, or between concepts of nature and technology.


lexentry: eng/biofeedback__Noun__1
written_rep: biofeedback
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biofeedback
sense_list:
(psychology, psychiatry, physiology) A technique of gaining greater awareness of the many physiological functions of one's own body by using electronic or other instruments, and with the goal of being able to manipulate the body's systems at will.


lexentry: eng/biofilm__Noun__1
written_rep: biofilm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biofilm
sense_list:
(biology, medicine) A thin film of mucus created by and containing a colony of bacteria and other microorganisms.


lexentry: eng/biogas__Noun__1
written_rep: biogas
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: agrogaz | biogaz
sense_list:
A mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, produced by anaerobic digestion of organic waste matter, used as a fuel.


lexentry: eng/biogeochemistry__Noun__1
written_rep: biogeochemistry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biogeochemia
sense_list:
(biology, geology, chemistry, ecology) The scientific study of biological, geological and chemical processes in the natural environment and especially of their mutual relationships.


lexentry: eng/biohazard__Noun__1
written_rep: biohazard
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zagrożenie biologiczne
sense_list:
A biological hazard; a source of risk due to some biological factor such as bacteria or human waste.


lexentry: eng/bioinformatics__Noun__1
written_rep: bioinformatics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bioinformatyka
sense_list:
(biology, computer science) A field of science in which biology, computer science, and information technology merge into a single discipline to analyse biological information using computers and statistical techniques.


lexentry: eng/biological_psychology__Noun__1
written_rep: biological psychology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biopsychologia
sense_list:
(psychology) The application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes and behavior.


lexentry: eng/biology__Noun__1
written_rep: biology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biologia
sense_list:
The study of all life or living matter. | The structure, function, and behavior of an organism or type of organism.


lexentry: eng/biomass__Noun__1
written_rep: biomass
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biomasa
sense_list:
The total mass of all, or a specified category of, living things within a specific area, habitat, etc. | Organic matter from living things which were recently alive (especially vegetation) used as a fuel or source of energy, especially if cultivated for that purpose; also, fuel produced from such organic matter; biofuel.


lexentry: eng/biomaterial__Noun__1
written_rep: biomaterial
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biomateriał
sense_list:
A nonviable, biocompatible material used in a medical device, intended to interact with biological systems or to evaluate, treat, augment, or replace any tissue, organ, or function of the body.


lexentry: eng/biomechanics__Noun__1
written_rep: biomechanics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biomechanika
sense_list:
(biology, physics) The branch of biophysics that deals with the mechanics of the human or animal body; especially concerned with muscles and the skeleton. | (biology) The functioning of a particular part of a body.


lexentry: eng/biomedicine__Noun__1
written_rep: biomedicine
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: biomedycyna
sense_list:
The branch of medicine that studies the effects of environmental stress on organisms (most often in space travel).


lexentry: eng/biometrics__Noun__1
written_rep: biometrics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: biometria
sense_list:
The automated recognition or authentication of an individual's identity based on their behavioural and biological characteristics, such as iris appearance, fingerprint, or face shape.


lexentry: eng/biophysics__Noun__1
written_rep: biophysics
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biofizyka
sense_list:
The interdisciplinary science that applies theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology.


lexentry: eng/biopiracy__Noun__1
written_rep: biopiracy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biopiractwo
sense_list:
(pejorative) The appropriation of indigenous biomedical knowledge, especially by patenting naturally occurring substances.


lexentry: eng/biopolymer__Noun__1
written_rep: biopolymer
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biopolimer
sense_list:
(biochemistry) Any macromolecule of a living organism that is formed from the polymerization of smaller entities; a polymer that occurs in a living organism or results from life.


lexentry: eng/biopsy__Noun__1
written_rep: biopsy
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biopsja
sense_list:
The removal and examination of a sample of tissue, cells, or bodily fluid from a living body for diagnostic purposes.


lexentry: eng/bioreactor__Noun__1
written_rep: bioreactor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: bioreaktor
sense_list:
(biochemistry) A vat or pressure vessel, containing microorganisms or biochemically active substances, used for biotechnological processes such as fermentation, waste recycling, or making drugs.


lexentry: eng/biorhythm__Noun__1
written_rep: biorhythm
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biorytm
sense_list:
(biology) Any cyclic biological or physiological pattern or activity. | (pseudoscience) Any of three sinusoidal graphs, normally plotted by computer, having a person's birthdate as origin, that are claimed to give meaningful information about emotional levels, physical energy levels, and mental/psychic sensitivity.


lexentry: eng/biosensor__Noun__1
written_rep: biosensor
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biosensor
sense_list:
(biochemistry) Any device that detects, records or transmits physiological data, especially data concerning the presence of chemical compounds (analytes)


lexentry: eng/biosynthesis__Noun__1
written_rep: biosynthesis
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biosynteza
sense_list:
(biochemistry) The synthesis of organic compounds within a living organism, especially the synthesis of large compounds from small ones.


lexentry: eng/biotechnology__Noun__1
written_rep: biotechnology
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biotechnologia
sense_list:
The use of living organisms (especially microorganisms) in industrial, agricultural, medical and other technological applications. | The application of the principles and practices of engineering and technology to the life sciences.


lexentry: eng/biotin__Noun__1
written_rep: biotin
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biotyna
sense_list:
(vitamin) A sulfur-containing member of the vitamin B complex, 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid, found in liver, egg yolk, milk, and yeast, essential to the activity of multiple enzyme systems.


lexentry: eng/biotite__Noun__1
written_rep: biotite
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biotyt
sense_list:
(mineral) A dark brown mica; it is a mixed aluminosilicate and fluoride of potassium, magnesium and iron.


lexentry: eng/biotope__Noun__1
written_rep: biotope
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biotop
sense_list:
A geographical area that has a uniform biological environment and a uniform distribution of plants and animals


lexentry: eng/bipartite__Adjective__1
written_rep: bipartite
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: dwudzielny
sense_list:
(botany, of leaves) Divided into two at the base. | (graph theory, of a graph) Having vertices that can be divided into two independent sets (see bigraph)


lexentry: eng/biphenyl__Noun__1
written_rep: biphenyl
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: bifenyl
sense_list:
(organic compound, countable) Any substituted or otherwise altered version of biphenyl, such as PCBs


lexentry: eng/bipolar_disorder__Noun__1
written_rep: bipolar disorder
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: zaburzenia dwubiegunowe | zaburzenie afektywne dwubiegunowe
sense_list:
(clinical psychology, psychiatry) A psychiatric diagnostic category, previously called manic depression, characterised by mood swings between great energy (mania) and clinical depression.


lexentry: eng/bird__Noun__1
written_rep: bird
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ptak
sense_list:
A member of the class of animals Aves in the phylum Chordata, characterized by being warm-blooded, having feathers and wings usually capable of flight, having a beaked mouth, and laying eggs. | (slang, Canada, Philippines) A penis.


lexentry: eng/bird_cherry__Noun__1
written_rep: bird cherry
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: czeremcha
sense_list:
Prunus padus or any deciduous species of Prunus subg. Padus that is closely related to it (tree or fruit).


lexentry: eng/bird_of_paradise__Noun__1
written_rep: bird of paradise
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: cudowronka | rajski ptak
sense_list:
Any of various passerine birds of the family Paradisaeidae native to Oceania. In many of the species the breeding plumage of the males is brightly coloured.


lexentry: eng/birds_of_a_feather_flock_together__Proverb__1
written_rep: birds of a feather flock together
part_of_speech: proverb
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ciągnie swój do swego
sense_list:
(idiomatic) People of similar character, background or taste tend to congregate or associate with one another; it is easier to establish friendships with people that one has a lot in common with.


lexentry: eng/biretta__Noun__1
written_rep: biretta
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biret
sense_list:
A square cap, originally with four ridges across the top, surmounted by a tuft, worn by Roman Catholic clergy (and by some in the Anglican Church). A three-sided biretta is worn by Roman Catholic clergy for liturgical celebrations.


lexentry: eng/birth__Noun__1
written_rep: birth
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: narodziny | urodzenie | narodzenie
sense_list:
(uncountable) The process of childbearing; the beginning of life; the emergence of a human baby or other viviparous animal offspring from the mother's body into the environment.


lexentry: eng/birth_certificate__Noun__1
written_rep: birth certificate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: akt urodzenia
sense_list:
An official document certifying the details of a an individual's birth, indicating the name, date, and parents' names, and details such as parents' occupation and religion.


lexentry: eng/birth_control__Noun__1
written_rep: birth control
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: antykoncepcja
sense_list:
Voluntary control of the number of children conceived, especially by the planned use of contraception.


lexentry: eng/birthday__Noun__1
written_rep: birthday
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 03
trans_list: data urodzenia
sense_list:
The date on which someone is born or something is created, more commonly called birthdate or date of birth.


lexentry: eng/birthday_suit__Noun__1
written_rep: birthday suit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: strój Adama
sense_list:
(idiom, often, humorous) Nakedness, unclothed skin; an exposure of a human's natural anatomy without clothing.


lexentry: eng/birthrate__Noun__1
written_rep: birthrate
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: współczynnik urodzeń
sense_list:
The ratio of total live births to total population for a specific community or nation in a specified period; often expressed in births per thousand per year


lexentry: eng/birthright__Noun__1
written_rep: birthright
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: przyrodzone prawo
sense_list:
Something a person is entitled to due to the circumstances of their birth, such as an inheritance or citizenship.


lexentry: eng/birthright_citizenship__Noun__1
written_rep: birthright citizenship
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: prawo ziemi
sense_list:
The right (unconditional or near-unconditional) of anyone born in the territory of a state to nationality or citizenship.


lexentry: eng/biscuit__Noun__1
written_rep: biscuit
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: ciastko | herbatnik
sense_list:
(UK, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, sometimes, Canada, rare) A small, flat, baked good which is either hard and crisp or else soft but firm; a cookie.


lexentry: eng/bisector__Noun__1
written_rep: bisector
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: dwusieczna | symetralna
sense_list:
(geometry) A line or curve that bisects or divides a line segment, angle, or other figure into two equal parts.


lexentry: eng/bisexual__Adjective__1
written_rep: bisexual
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biseksualny
sense_list:
(of humans, or, other animals) Sexually attracted to both same-gendered and different-gendered partners. Similar to pansexual


lexentry: eng/bisexual__Adjective__1
written_rep: bisexual
part_of_speech: adjective
min_sense_num: 02
trans_list: biseksualny | dwupłciowy
sense_list:
(rare) Hermaphroditic/intersex, being both male and female, or alternating between being male and being female.


lexentry: eng/bisexual_lighting__Noun__1
written_rep: bisexual lighting
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: oświetlenie biseksualne
sense_list:
(LGBT, often, art, film, television) The simultaneous use of pink, purple, and blue lighting, often to indicate bisexuality.


lexentry: eng/bisexuality__Noun__1
written_rep: bisexuality
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biseksualizm
sense_list:
(of humans or other animals) The state of being sexually or romantically attracted to members of either sex or gender. | (chiefly, botany) The state of being .


lexentry: eng/bishop__Noun__1
written_rep: bishop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 01
trans_list: biskup
sense_list:
(Christianity) An overseer of congregations: either any such overseer, generally speaking, or (in Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Anglicanism, etc.) an official in the church hierarchy (actively or nominally) governing a diocese, supervising the church's priests, deacons, and property in its territory.


lexentry: eng/bishop__Noun__1
written_rep: bishop
part_of_speech: noun
min_sense_num: 05
trans_list: goniec | laufer
sense_list:
(chess) The chess piece denoted ♗ or ♝ which moves along diagonal lines and developed from the shatranj alfil ("elephant") and was originally known as the aufil or archer in English.


