& conjunction
⁊
Abbreviation of and.

archy suffix
arcacht
form of government or rule

ase suffix
áis
Used to form the names of enzymes.

ate /eɪt/ /ət/ suffix
áit
(chemistry, in nouns) a derivative of a specified element or compound; especially a salt or ester of an acid whose name ends in -ic

blast suffix
blast
an immature cell or tissue

cide /-saɪd/ suffix
-mharú mharfóireacht
killing
mharfóir
killer

clast suffix
clast
something that breaks or destroys.

cracy /-kɹəsi/ suffix
lathas
rule (in the sense of governing).

crat /-kɹæt/ suffix
laithí
A participant in a specified form of government.

cratic /ˈkɹætɪk/ suffix
lathach
used to form adjectives, of or befitting -cracy
used to form adjectives, of or befitting -crat

cyte /-saɪt/ suffix
cít
Used to form cell names and classifications for mature cells.

ene /-iːn/ suffix
éin
A polymer derived from an alkene.

er /ə/ /ɚ/ suffix
éir
(added to verbs) A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun.
(added to nouns, chiefly denoting occupations) A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root.

ess /əs/ /ɛs/ /ɪs/ -esses suffix
an-
Used to form female equivalents.

est /əst/ /ɪst/ suffix
air aír ir ír
(archaic, dialectal) Used to form the second-person singular present tense and past tense of verbs. (if thou is the subject; not used with you)

gamous /-ɡəməs/ suffix
gamach
Having the specified number or form of marriage.

gamy /-ɡəmi/ suffix
gamacht
Used to form nouns describing forms of marriage.

gen suffix
gin
A producer of something, or an agent in the production of something.

genous suffix
giniúil

gon suffix
gán
(geometry) Forms the names of plane figures containing a given number of angles, and thus bounded by that number of line segments (polygons). If the number is large enough, it can take the hyphenated suffix directly.

graphy /-ɡɹəfi/ suffix
grafaíocht
Something written or otherwise represented in the specified manner, or about a specified subject.

hedron -hedra -hedrons suffix
héadrán
(geometry) Forms the names of solid figures bounded by a certain number of planes (polyhedra).

ish /ɪʃ/ suffix
coth-
(of adjectives from adjectives, with a diminutive force) Somewhat, rather.

ite /-aɪt/ suffix
ít
(chemistry) Used to form names of certain chemical compounds, especially salts or esters of acids whose name ends in -ous.

itis /-ˈaɪtɪs/ suffix
íteas
(pathology) Suffix denoting diseases characterized by inflammation, itself often caused by an infection.

ive /ɪv/ suffix
ach
An adjective suffix signifying relating or belonging to, of the nature of, tending to, or serving to; as: affirmative, active, conclusive, corrective, diminutive.

land /lænd/ /lənd/ /lɪnd/ [lænd] suffix
lainn ír
Used to form the name of a territory, country, or region.

leptic suffix
leipteach
Of or relating to a condition of seizing, as in nympholeptic.

less /ləs/ /lɪs/ suffix
an
Lacking (something); without (something). Added usually to a noun to form an adjective signifying a lack of that noun.

ling suffix
án ín óg
small, immature, miniature

lite /-ˌlaɪt/ suffix
lit
used to form names of rocks and minerals

logical suffix
olaíoch
Used to form adjectival forms of nouns ending in -logy.

logist suffix
olaí
A person who studies or is an expert in the related -logy.

logy /ləd͡ʒi/ suffix
lógacht
olaíocht
A branch of learning; a study of a particular subject.

lysis suffix
alú
decomposition or breakdown
dissolving
disintegration

meter suffix
méadar
Used to form the names of measuring devices.

metry suffix
méadracht
Forming nouns relating to measures and measurement.

morphous suffix
morfach
having a specified shape or form

nasty suffix
nastacht
(botany) relating to a nastic change

ness /nəs/ /nɛs/ /nɪs/ [nɘs] suffix
acht
Appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of being (the adjective)", "the quality of being (the adjective)", or "the measure of being (the adjective)".

-o- affix
-a-
A linking vowel inserted interconsonantally between two morphemes, to ease pronunciation, without contributing to the meaning. It frequently joins words or combining forms of Ancient Greek or Classical Latin origin in the classical compounds of New Latin and international scientific vocabulary, but it can also be used to join modern terms and even abbreviations, either formally or informally.

oma -omas -omata suffix
óma
(pathology) Forming nouns indicating disease or morbidity.
(pathology, specifically) Forming nouns indicating tumors or masses, which may be non-neoplastic or (more often) neoplastic, and (if the latter) either benign or cancerous (malignant); in accord with present-day understanding of histopathology, the suffix is now nonproductive for non-neoplastic senses.

ose /-oʊs/ /-əʊs/ suffix
ós
(chemistry) Used to form the names of sugars.

osis /-oʊ.sɪs/ /-əʉ.sɪs/ /-əʊ.sɪs/ suffix
óis
(pathology) functional disease or condition such as hepatosis

path suffix
patach
Used to form nouns indicating someone with a particular disorder
pat patach
Used to form nouns indicating someone with a particular capability, as a type of remedial treatment

pedia suffix
péid

penia suffix
péine
deficiency

phobia /-ˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ /-ˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ suffix
fóibe
Used to form nouns meaning fear of a specific thing.
Used to form nouns meaning hate, dislike, or repression of a specific thing.

phore suffix
fór
Bearer, carrier or conveyor.

phyte /faɪt/ /fʌɪt/ -phytes suffix
fít
A member of a taxonomic group of plants or algae, chiefly one whose taxonomic name ends (or ended) in -phyta.
A plant that grows in a specified habitat.
A plant that grows in a specified form or habit.
A pathological growth.

plex /-plɛks/ suffix
pléacs
Comprising a number of parts, as in duplex.

pod suffix
pód
Related to or resembling a foot or similar limb.

pterous suffix
pteireach
Having wings (of a specified size, type or number)

s /s/ /z/ /əz/ /ɪz/ suffix
a acha aigh anna e ta
Used to form regular plurals of nouns.

scope suffix
scóp
Used to make terms denoting an instrument used for viewing or examination.

scopy /-skəpi/ suffix
scópacht
observation, viewing

teen suffix
éag
Used to form cardinal numbers from thirteen to nineteen.

th /-θ/ suffix
ú
(mathematics) Used to form a term denoting the ordinal numeral corresponding to the value, being a natural number, of a mathematical expression.

tomy /-təmi/ suffix
tóime
Cutting, incision, section

trophic suffix
trófach
Used to form adjectives corresponding to nouns ending in -trophy

tropic suffix
trópach
(science) Turning or changing.
(science) Affecting or attracted to the thing specified.

y /i/ suffix
ach
Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”, either “involving the referent” or “analogous to it”.
ín
Forming diminutive nouns.

1 Chronicles pn
1 Croinicí Céad Leabhar na gCroinicí
(biblical) The first of the two Books of Chronicles and the thirteenth book of the Old Testament of the Bible.

1 Corinthians pn
1 Corantaigh Céad Litir Naomh Pól chuig na Corantaigh
(biblical) The first book of Corinthians and the seventh book in the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Corinth attributed to Paul the Apostle and Sosthenes.

1 Kings pn
1 Ríthe Céad Leabhar na Ríthe
(biblical) The eleventh book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.

1 Maccabees pn
1 Macabaeigh Céadleabhar na Macabaech
A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

1 Samuel pn
1 Samúéil Céad Leabhar Shamúéil
(biblical) The ninth book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and of the Tanakh.

1 Timothy pn
1 Tiomóid Céad Litir Naomh Pól chuig Tiomóid
(biblical) The fifteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the first epistle to Timothy.

1000th adj
1000ú
Abbreviation of thousandth.

100th adj
100ú
Abbreviation of hundredth.

10th adj
10ú
Abbreviation of tenth.
Alternative form of 10th

13th adj
13ú
Abbreviation of thirteenth.
Alternative form of 13th

1st /fɜːst/ /fɝst/ /fɜːst/ /fɝst/ adj
1ú
Abbreviation of first.
Alternative form of 1st

2 Chronicles pn
2 Croinicí Dara Leabhar na gCroinicí
(biblical) The second of the two Books of Chronicles and the fourteenth book of the Old Testament of the Bible.

2 Corinthians pn
2 Corantaigh
(biblical) The second book of Corinthians and the eighth book in the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Corinth attributed to Paul the Apostle and Timothy.

2 Kings pn
2 Ríthe Dara Leabhar na Ríthe
(biblical) The twelfth book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.

2 Samuel pn
2 Samúéil Dara Leabhar Shamúéil
(biblical) The tenth book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.

2 Thessalonians pn
2 Teasalónaigh
(biblical) The fourteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the second epistle to the Thessalonians.

2 Timothy pn
2 Tiomóid Dara Litir Naomh Pól chuig Tiomóid
(biblical) The sixteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the second epistle to Timothy.

20th /ˈtwɛn.ti.əθ/ /ˈtwɛn.ti.əθ/ adj
20ú
Abbreviation of twentieth.
Alternative form of 20th

2nd /ˈsɛkənd/ /ˈsɛkənd/ adj
2ú
Abbreviation of second.
Alternative form of 2nd

30th /ˈθɜː.ti.əθ/ /ˈθɝ.ɾi.əθ/ adj
30ú
Abbreviation of thirtieth.

32-county adj
ar feadh an Dá Chontae Dhéag is Fiche
(Ireland, Britain) Covering the whole of the island of Ireland, including both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

3rd adj
3oo 3ú
Abbreviation of third.
Alternative form of 3rd

40th adj
40ú
Abbreviation of fortieth.

4th adj
4ú
Abbreviation of fourth.
Alternative form of 4th

5th adj
5ú
Abbreviation of fifth.
Alternative form of 5th

6th adj
6ú
Abbreviation of sixth.
Alternative form of 6th

7th adj
7ú
Abbreviation of seventh.
Alternative form of 7th

8th adj
8ú
Abbreviation of eighth.
Alternative form of 8th

9th adj
9ú
Abbreviation of ninth.
Alternative form of 9th

ABC /eɪ biː siː/ ABC's ABCs n
aibítir
(obsolete) A primer for teaching the Latin alphabet and first elements of reading. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid-17th century.]
The fundamentals of any subject. [First attested in the mid-16th century.]

AIDS /eɪdz/ n
SEIF
(disease, acronym) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. [from 1982]

AND gate AND gates n
geata AND
(electronics) a logic gate performing a Boolean logic AND operation

Aalenian adj
Álanach
(geology, paleontology) Of or pertaining to the Aalenian epoch.

Aaron /aaron/ /ahăron/ /ærən/ /ɛəɹən/ /ˈæɹ.ən/ /ˈæɹən/ /ˈɛə.ɹən/ /ˈɛəɹən/ /ˈɛɹ.ən/ /ˈɛɹən/ Aarons pn
Árón
(biblical character) The elder brother of Moses in the Book of the Exodus, and in the Quran.
Aaron Árón
A surname transferred from the given name.

Aaronic /æɹˈɑn.ɪk/ /æɹˈɒn.ɪk/ /ɛˈɹɑn.ɪk/ /ɛːˈɹɒn.ɪk/ more Aaronic most Aaronic adj
Árónach
Pertaining to Aaron (elder brother of Moses). [First attested in the mid 17th century.]

Abaddon /əˈbæ.dn̩/ pn
Abadón
The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit; Apollyon;[First attested from 1350 to 1470]

Abbeville /ˈæb.iˌvɪl/ pn
Baile an Phíopaire
A townland in Ormond Lower, County Tipperary, Ireland.

Abdullah /æbˈdʌlə/ /ˌɑb.dʊlˈɑ/ pn
Abdullah
A en given name.

Abib /ɑˈviv/ /ˈeɪ.bɪb/ /ˈɑ.bib/ pn
Áibíb
The first month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding nearly to the Gregorian April. After the Babylonish captivity this month was called Nisan. [Mid 6th century.]

Abkhaz /æbˈkæz/ /æbˈkɑz/ /ɑbˈkɑz/ adj
Abcáiseach Abcásach
Abkhazian: of or pertaining to Abkhazia, the Abkhazian people, or their language.

Abkhaz /æbˈkæz/ /æbˈkɑz/ /ɑbˈkɑz/ Abkhaz n
Abcáiseach Abcásach
An Abkhazian; a native or inhabitant of Abkhazia, a region just east of the Black Sea. [Mid 19th century.]

Abkhaz /æbˈkæz/ /æbˈkɑz/ /ɑbˈkɑz/ pn
Abcáisis
A Northwest Caucasian language spoken in Abkhazia. [Mid 19th century.]

Abkhazia /æbˈkeɪ.zi.ə/ /æbˈkeɪ.ʒi.ə/ /æbˈkeɪ.ʒə/ /æbˈkɑ.zi.ə/ /æbˈkɑ.ʒi.ə/ pn
Abcáis
A region and de-facto independent but largely unrecognized country on the coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus, which considers itself an independent state called the Republic of Abkhazia; considered part of Georgia's territory by the Georgian government and the vast majority of the international community.

Abraham /ˈeɪ.bɹæm/ /ˈeɪ.bɹə.hæm/ /ˈeɪ.bɹə.həm/ /ˈeɪ.bɹəˌhæm/ Abrahams pn
Abrahám
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha'i) A prophet in the Old Testament, Qur'an and Aqdas; a Semitic patriarch son of Terah who practiced monotheism, father of the Jewish patriarch Isaac by Sarah and the Arab patriarch Ishmael by Hagar. [First attested prior to 1150.]

Abram /ˈeɪ.bɹəm/ Abrams pn
Abrám
Abraham (prophet in the Old Testament). [First attested prior to 1150.]

Abu Dhabi /ˈɑ.bu ˈdæ.bi/ /ˈɑ.bu ˈdɑ.bi/ /ˈɑ.bu ˈðɑ.bi/ pn
Abú Daibí
The capital city of the United Arab Emirates; capital of Abu Dhabi emirate.
An emirate of the United Arab Emirates, on the southern Persian Gulf.

Abuja /əˈbuːd͡ʒə/ pn
Abúise
The capital city of Nigeria; lying in the Federal Capital Territory in the North Central geopolitical zone.

Abyssinia /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.i.ə/ /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.jə/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.i.ə/ pn
Aibisín
(historical) The Ethiopian Empire, a former empire in East Africa, consisting of modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea.

Abyssinian /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.i.ən/ /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.jən/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.i.ən/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.ɪ.ən/ adj
Aibisíneach
(dated, usually, _, capitalized) Of or pertaining to Ethiopia or its inhabitants; Ethiopian. [First attested in the late 18th century.]

Abyssinian /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.i.ən/ /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.jən/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.i.ən/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.ɪ.ən/ Abyssinians n
Aibisíneach
A member of the Abyssinian Church.

Acadian /əˈkeɪ.di.n̩/ /əˈkeɪ.d͡ʒn̩/ pn
Acaidis
(rare) Ellipsis of Acadian French.: the form of French spoken in Acadia.

Acarnanian /ɔ.kɔɹ.neɪ.niːən/ Acarnanians n
Acarnánach
A native or inhabitant of Acarnania.

Accra /ə.ˈkɹɑ/ /ˈæk.ɹə/ pn
Accra
The capital city of Ghana.

Acehnese pn
Aicinéis
A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia.

Achaea pn
an Acháia
An ancient region in the northern part of the Peloponnese peninsula, Greece, occupying the coastal strip north of Arcadia, contanining mostly mountains.

Achaemenid /əˈkiːmənɪd/ /əˈkɛmənɪd/ Achaemenidae Achaemenides Achaemenids n
Acaeiméineach Acaeiméinigh
A member of the dynasty which ruled the Persian empire c. 550–330 BCE (the Achaemenid Empire).

Achaemenid Empire pn
Impireacht Acaeiméineach
(historical) The empire ruled by the Achaemenid dynasty 550 BCE to 330 BCE

Achilles /əˈkɪliːz/ pn
Aichill
(Greek mythology) A mythical semidivine hero, the son of Peleus by the nereid Thetis, and prince of the Myrmidons, who features in the Iliad as a central character and the foremost warrior of the Achaean (Greek) camp.

Acropolis /əˈkɹɒpəlɪs/ pn
Acrapoil Acrapolas
The Athenian Acropolis. (Compare acropolis.)

Acts of the Apostles pn
Gníomhartha na nAspal
(biblical) The fifth book in the New Testament of the Bible.

Adam /ˈæ.dəm/ [ˈæɾm̩] [ˈæɾəm] Adams pn
Ádhamh
(Abrahamism, religion) The first man and the progenitor of the human race.
A en given name.

Adam's apple Adam's apples n
úll na brád
(anatomy) The lump in the throat, usually more noticeable in men than in women; the laryngeal prominence.

Adamnan pn
Adhamhnán
An Irish saint (c. 624–704), patron saint of the Diocese of Raphoe, the biographer of St. Columba and an acquaintance of the Venerable Bede.

Adamstown /ˈædəmzˌtaʊn/ pn
Maigh Arnaí
A village in County Wexford, Ireland

Adangme pn
Daingmis
A Niger-Congo language spoken in southeastern Ghana.

Adar pn
Adár
(Judaism) The sixth month of the civil year and the twelfth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Shevat and before Nisan.

Adlai pn
Adláí
The father of one of King David's officials (mentioned in 1 Chronicles 27:29).

Adonis /əˈdoʊ.nɪs/ /əˈdɑn.ɪs/ /əˈdɒn.ɪs/ Adonides Adonises n
staic strapaire
A beautiful man.

Adonis /əˈdoʊ.nɪs/ /əˈdɑn.ɪs/ /əˈdɒn.ɪs/ pn
Adónas
(Greek mythology) A beautiful young man loved by Aphrodite.

Adrianople /ˌeɪdɹɪəˈnəʊp(ə)l/ pn
Cathair Aidriain
(historical) Former name of Edirne, a city in northwestern Turkey.

Adriatic Sea pn
Muir Aidriad
A sea and arm of the Mediterranean Sea, stretching north from the Ionian Sea to Venice, separating the Italian and Balkan Peninsulas.

Advent pn
Aidbhint
(Christianity) The period or season of the Christian church year between Advent Sunday and Christmas.

Adversary pn
áibhirseoir
(Christianity, sometimes, Judaism) The Devil; Satan.

Adyghe /ɑːdɪˈɡeɪ/ /ˈɑː.dɪ.ɡeɪ/ pn
Adaigéis
A Northwest Caucasian language spoken in the Republic of Adygea, in the Russian Federation.

Adélie Land pn
Críoch Adelie
One of the five French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a subdivision of the Antarctic.

Aeaea /iːˈ(j)iː.ə/ pn
Aeia
(Greek mythology) The mythical island said to be the home of Circe.

Aegean /iˈd͡ʒi.ən/ adj
Aeigéach na Mara Aeigéiche
Of or relating to the Aegean Sea or the regions bordering it.
Aeigéach
Of or relating to the Bronze Age civilization in that region.

Aegean Sea /əˈdʒi.ən ˈsi/ pn
Muir Aeigéach
A sea in the northeastern part of the Mediterranean.

Aeolian mode n
mód Aeólach
(music) a mode whose scale is the same as a natural minor scale, with the interval pattern:

Aeolis pn
Aeóilia
(historical) An area of Ancient Greece that comprised the west and northwestern region of Asia Minor, mostly along the coast, and also several offshore islands (particularly Lesbos), where the Aeolian Greek city-states were located.

Aeschines /ˈiːskɪniːz/ /ˈɛskɪniːz/ pn
Aischines
(Ancient Greece) A celebrated Greek statesman and orator (389–314 B.C.E.; full name Αἰσχίνης Ἀτρομήτου Κοθωκίδης, Aeschines Atrometi f. Cothocides), one the Canon of Ten Attic Orators.

Aetolia /iːˈtəʊ.liː.ə/ pn
Aetóil
A mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, forming the eastern part of the modern prefecture of Aetolia-Acarnania.

Afar /ˈɑːfɑː(ɹ)/ pn
Afáiris
A Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti.

Affenpinscher Affenpinschers n
pinséir ápúil
A breed of toy dog bred in Western Europe.

Afghan /ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/ /ˈæfɡən/ /ˈæfˌɡæn/ adj
Afganastánach
Of, from, or pertaining to Afghanistan.

Afghan /ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/ /ˈæfɡən/ /ˈæfˌɡæn/ Afghans n
Afganastánach
A person from Afghanistan.

Afghan Hound /ˌæfɡæn ˈhau̯nd/ Afghan Hounds n
cú Afganastánach
A sighthound bred in Afghanistan to hunt hare and gazelle.

Afghanistan /æfˈɡæn.ɪˌstæn/ /æfˈɡæn.ɪˌstɑːn/ /æfˈɡɑːn.ɪˌstɑːn/ pn
Afganastáin An Afganastáin
A landlocked country between Central Asia and South Asia. Official name: Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Capital and largest city: Kabul.

Africa /ɛfrɨkə/ /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kə/ Africas pn
an Afraic Afraic An Afraic
The continent that is south of Europe, east of the Atlantic Ocean, west of the Indian Ocean and north of Antarctica.

African /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kən/ more African most African adj
Afracach
Of or pertaining to Africa.

African /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kən/ Africans n
Afracach
A native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to an African race.

African buffalo African buffalos n
buabhall rinne
A large African bovid, Syncerus caffer.

African violet African violets n
sailchuach Afracach
Any perennial plant of section Streptocarpus sect. Saintpaulia (formerly genus Saintpaulia), especially Streptocarpus ionantha, with fine haired round leaves and velvety petals.

African-American [ˈæfɹʷɪkən əˈmɛɹʷɪkən] African-Americans n
meiriceánaigh afracacha
A member of an ethnic group consisting of Americans of black African descent.

Afrikaans /ˌɑːfɹɪˈkɑːnz/ adj
Afracáinise
Of or pertaining to the Afrikaans language.

Afrikaans /ˌɑːfɹɪˈkɑːnz/ pn
Afracáinis
A Germanic language descending from Dutch; the primary language of the descendants of Dutch and other European settlers, as well as many mixed-race (e.g. Rehoboth Basters) living in South Africa and in Namibia. Also, one of the eleven official languages of South Africa and until 1990 one of three official languages of Namibia.

Afrikaner /ˌæfɹɪˈkɑːnɚ/ Afrikaners n
Afracánach
A member of an ethnic group of northwestern European ancestry and associated with southern Africa and the Afrikaans language.

Agnes /ˈæɡ.nɪs/ pn
Aignéas
A en given name.

Agni pn
Aigní
(Hinduism) A Hindu and Vedic deity of fire.

Ahab /ˈeɪˌhæb/ pn
Acháb
A king of Israel, mentioned in the Bible.

Ahaz pn
Ácház
(biblical character) A king of Judah mentioned in the book of Kings.

Aidan /ˈeɪdən/ /ˈæɪ.dən/ pn
Aodhán
A en given name.
(rare) A en given name of modern usage.

Akan pn
Acáinis
The Niger-Congo language spoken by these people.
A group of languages spoken in Ghana.

Akkadian /əˈkeɪ.di.ən/ /əˈkɑ.di.ən/ adj
Acáidis
Of or pertaining to the Akkadian language of ancient Mesopotamia.

Akkadian /əˈkeɪ.di.ən/ /əˈkɑ.di.ən/ pn
Acáidis
The now extinct Semitic language of ancient Mesopotamia, formerly used as an international language of diplomacy.

Alan /ˈæl.ən/ Alans pn
Ailín
A en given name.

Alaska /əˈlæs.kə/ pn
Alasca
A state of the United States, formerly a territory. Capital: Juneau. Postal code: AK, largest city: Anchorage.
Several places in the United States, named for the state or territory.

Alaskan /əˈlæskən/ more Alaskan most Alaskan adj
Alascach
Of or pertaining to Alaska, its people, or their culture.

Alaskan /əˈlæskən/ Alaskans n
Alascach
A native or resident of the state of Alaska in the United States of America.

Alaskan Malamute Alaskan Malamutes n
malamútach Alascach
(zoology) A relatively large breed of sled dog, sometimes mistaken for the Siberian Husky.

Albania /ælˈbeɪ.ni.ə/ /ɔːlˈbeɪ.ni.ə/ pn
an Albáin Albáin
A country in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Albania. Capital and largest city: Tirana.

Albanian /ælˈbeɪ.ni.ən/ adj
Albánach Albáinis
Of, from, or pertaining to Albania, the Albanian people or the Albanian language.

Albanian /ælˈbeɪ.ni.ən/ Albanians n
Albánach Albáinis
A person from Albania or of Albanian descent.

Albanian /ælˈbeɪ.ni.ən/ pn
Albáinis Albanés
The languages spoken by the Albanian people, primarily spoken in Albania and Kosovo. (ISO 639 language codes: sq/sqi/alb (Albanian), als (Tosk), aln (Gheg), aat (Arvanitika), aae (Arbëresh).)

Albert /ˈæl.bɚt/ Alberts pn
Ailbhe
A en given name.

Albin pn
Ailbín
A en given name.

Aleut /əˈluːt/ /ˈæ.liːˌuːt/ /ˌæ.liːˈuːt/ adj
Ailiúit
Of the Aleutian Islands, their inhabitants or their language.

Aleut /əˈluːt/ /ˈæ.liːˌuːt/ /ˌæ.liːˈuːt/ Aleuts n
Ailiúit
A member of the indigenous people of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska in the United States and of Kamchatka Krai in the Russia.

Aleut /əˈluːt/ /ˈæ.liːˌuːt/ /ˌæ.liːˈuːt/ pn
Ailiúitis
The language of the Aleutian Islands, related to Eskimo (Inupiaq and Yupik).

Aleutian Islands /ˌæliːˈuːʃən ˈɑɪlændz/ pn
Oileáin Ailiúit
An archipelago of more than 300 small volcanic islands forming an island arc in the Northern Pacific Ocean, between Alaska and the Kamchatka Peninsula of Asia; part of the United States.

Alexander /ˌalɪɡˈzɑːndə/ /ˌælɪɡˈzændɚ/ [ˌælɪɡˈzeəndə] [ˌælɪɡˈzeəndɚ] Alexanders pn
Alastar
A en given name, most famously held by Alexander the Great.

Alexander the Great pn
Alastar Mór
(356–323 BCE) A king (basileus) of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and conqueror of much of Asia.

Alexandria /æləkˈzændɹi.ə/ /æləɡˈzændɹi.ə/ pn
Cathair Alastair
, a city in Piedmont, Italy.
A city in Clark County, Missouri.
A city in Teleorman, Romania

Alfred /ˈælfɚd/ /ˈælfɹəd/ pn
Ailfrid
A en given name.

Algeria /ælˈdʒɪəɹiə/ /ælˈdʒɪɹiə/ pn
Ailgéir
A country in North Africa. Official name: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. Capital and largest city: Algiers.

Algiers /ælˈdʒɪə(ɹ)z/ /ælˈd͡ʒiɹz/ pn
Cathair na hAilgéire
The capital and largest city of Algeria.

Alison /ˈælɪsən/ Alisons pn
Alsún
(countable) A en given name.

All Saints' Day pn
Lá Fhéile na Naomh Uile almas
(Christianity) In Christian tradition, the annual feast day celebrating the life of all saints, taking place on the first day of November, or (in the Greek church) on the first Sunday after Pentecost.

All Souls' Day pn
Lá Fhéile na Marbh
(Christianity) An annual feast day celebrating the faithful departed on the second day of November, immediately following All Saints' Day.

Allah /əˈlɑː/ /ˈæ.lə/ /ˈɑːlɑː/ /ˈɑːlə/ /ˌɑːˈlɑː/ Allahs pn
Allah
God, in Islamic or Arabic contexts

Alpine /ˈæl.paɪn/ /ˈæl.pɪn/ more Alpine most Alpine adj
Alpach
Relating to the Alps, a mountain range in Western and Central Europe.

Alps /ælps/ pn
Alpa
(usually, with "the") A mountain range in Western Europe, running from France to Slovenia, the highest peak of which is Mont Blanc, at 4808 metres.

Alsace /ælˈseɪs/ /ælˈsæs/ /ˈæl.seɪs/ /ˈæl.sæs/ pn
Alsáis
A region, former administrative region, and historical province of France, located on the west bank of the upper Rhine; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Grand Est. It has changed hands between France and Germany several times throughout history.

Alsatian /ælˈseɪʃən/ adj
Alsáiseach
Of or relating to Alsace.

Alsatian /ælˈseɪʃən/ Alsatians n
Alsáiseach
A native or inhabitant of Alsace.

Alsatian /ælˈseɪʃən/ pn
Alsáisis
The Germanic lect (language or dialect) spoken in Alsace.

Alzheimer's disease /ˈæl(t)shaɪmə(ɹ)z/ /ˈɑːl(t)shaɪmə(ɹ)z/ /ˈɔːl(t)shaɪmə(ɹ)z/ /ˈɔːlzhaɪmə(ɹ)z/ n
aicíd Alzheimer
(neurology, disease) A disorder involving loss of mental functions resulting from brain tissue changes; senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

Amalthea pn
Amalthea
(astronomy) The third most distant moon of Jupiter.

Amazon /-ɒn/ /ˈæm.ə.zɔn/ /ˈæm.ə.zən/ /ˈæm.əˌzɑn/ /ˈɛm.ə.zɔn/ Amazons n
Amasóin
(Greek mythology) A member of a mythical race of female warriors inhabiting the Black Sea area.

Amazon /-ɒn/ /ˈæm.ə.zɔn/ /ˈæm.ə.zən/ /ˈæm.əˌzɑn/ /ˈɛm.ə.zɔn/ pn
Amasóin
(sometimes, attributive) A region including much of this river; specifically, the region of the Amazon Rainforest, or of the Amazon River Basin.

Amazon Rainforest pn
foraois bháistí na hAmasóine

Ambrose /ˈæmbɹoʊz/ /ˈæmbɹəʊz/ pn
Ambrós
A en given name.

American /əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən/ /əˈmɝ.ə.kən/ more American most American adj
Meiriceánach
Of, from, or pertaining to the United States of America, its people, or its culture.
(archaic) Synonym of American Indian and Native American, of, from, or pertaining to the indigenous inhabitants of the Americas.

American Samoa /əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən səˈmoʊ.ə/ /əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən səˈməʊ.ə/ pn
Samó Mheiriceá
An archipelago and overseas territory of the United States in the Pacific Ocean. Official name: Territory of American Samoa. It is distinct from Samoa (formerly: Western Samoa).

American basswood American basswoods n
teileog Mheiriceá
A type of linden, native to eastern North America, Tilia americana.

American bison /əˈmɛɹɪkən ˈbaɪ̯sən/ American bison American bisons n
bíosún meiriceánach
A bovine mammal, a species of bison, Bison bison.

American black bear American black bears n
béar dubh Meiriceánach
A bear of the species Ursus americanus, native to cooler climates in North America.

American cocker spaniel American cocker spaniels n
spáinnéar feá Meiriceánach
A sporting dog of a breed ranging between 18 and 30 lbs., originally bred in Britain as the English cocker spaniel for the sport of cocking, or bird hunting. Breed divided by colors: black, sable, parti, tri, and ASCOB.

American football n
peil Mheiriceánach
A game similar to rugby football played on a field of 100 yards long and 53 1/3 yards wide (with two 10 yard-long endzones) in which two teams of 11 players attempt to get an ovoid ball into each other's territory.

American golden plover American golden plovers n
feadóg bhuí Mheiriceánach
A medium-sized, migratory plover of the Americas, Pluvialis dominica.

American lion American lions n
leon Meiriceánach
An extinct lion of subspecies †Panthera leo atrox or species †Panthera atrox, endemic to North America and northwestern South America during the Pleistocene epoch.

American mink American mink American minks n
minc Mheiriceánach
(uncountable) A species of small mustelid, Mustela vison, that lives near water.

American wigeon American wigeons n
rualacha Mheiriceánach
A species of duck, Anas americana.

Americas /əˈmɛɹəkəz/ pn
Meiriceá
North America and South America taken together; that is, North America, Central America, and South America taken together.

Amharic /æmˈhæɹɪk/ pn
Amáiris Ámáiris
A Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia.

Amish /ˈeɪ.mɪʃ/ /ˈæ.mɪʃ/ /ˈɑː.mɪʃ/ adj
Amanach
Relating to this sect.

Amish /ˈeɪ.mɪʃ/ /ˈæ.mɪʃ/ /ˈɑː.mɪʃ/ n
Amanaigh
A strict Anabaptist sect living mainly in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana.

Amos /ˈeɪ.məs/ pn
Ámós Leabhar Ámós
A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

Amsterdam /ˈæmstəɹˌdæm/ /ˌæmstəˈdæm/ pn
Amstardam
A city and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands; capital city of the Netherlands.

Anaiah pn
Anáiá
One of the elders who stood with Ezra the Scribe. (biblical character)

Anatolia /ˌænəˈtəʊli.ə/ Anatolias pn
Anatóil Leithinis na hAnatóile
A peninsula in Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. Bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highland to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west.

Ancient Greece pn
An tSean-Ghréig
The civilization that flourished around the Mediterranean Sea from the 3rd millennium to the 1st century BCE (including the first two European civilizations, Minoan and Mycenaean), known as the cradle of Western civilization.

Ancient Greek pn
Sean-Ghréigis
Any of the various forms of the Greek language of classical antiquity, particularly the classical Attic dialect used in Athenian literature.

Ancient Rome pn
Sean-Róimh
The civilization associated with Rome from the 9th century BCE to the 5th century C.E. and the Roman Empire centered on it.

Andaman Sea pn
Muir Andaman
Part of the Indian Ocean, to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Burma (Myanmar), west of Thailand, north-west of the Malay Peninsula, north of Sumatra, and east of the Andaman Islands.

Andean /ænˈdiː.ən/ /ˈæn.di.ən/ adj
Aindéiseach
Of or pertaining to the Andes mountains in South America.

Andean /ænˈdiː.ən/ /ˈæn.di.ən/ Andeans n
Aindéiseach
Someone from the Andes.

Andean cat Andean cats n
cat Aindéach
A species of cat, Leopardus jacobitus, that lives in the Andes.

Andes /ˈæn.diːz/ pn
Aindéis Na hAindéis
A mountain range in western South America.

Andorra /ænˈdoɹ.ə/ /ænˈdɔː.ɹə/ [ænˈdo̞ɹ.ə] pn
Andóra Prionsacht Andóra
A microstate in Southern Europe, between Spain and France. Official name: Principality of Andorra. Capital and largest city: Andorra la Vella.

Andorra la Vella /ænˈdɔː.ɹə lə ˈveɪl.jə/ /ˈveɪ.ə/ /ˈvɛl.jə/ pn
Andorra la Vella
The capital city of Andorra

Andorran /ænˈdɔːɹən/ adj
Andórach
Of, from, or pertaining to Andorra, the Andorran people.

Andorran /ænˈdɔːɹən/ Andorrans n
Andórach
A person from Andorra or of Andorran descent.

Andrew /ˈæn.dɹuː/ [ˈeᵊnˌd̠ɹ̠˔ʷʊ̈u] [ˈænˌd̠ɹ̠ʷ˔ʊ̈u] Andrews pn
Aindriú Aindréas Aindrias
(countable) A en given name.
Aindrias Aindriú
The first Apostle in the New Testament.

Andromeda /ænˈdɹɑmɪdə/ /ænˈdɹɒmɪdə/ pn
Andraiméide
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia, king and queen of Eritrea, rescued from her sacrifice to the sea monster Cetus by Perseus, who married her; mother of Perses, ancient king of Persia.
(constellation) A constellation of the northern sky representing the "chained woman" Andromeda in Greek mythology, which is surrounded by the constellations of Cassiopeia, Perseus, and Pegasus, among others.
Bís Andraiméide Réaltra Andraiméide
(galaxy) The nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way, located within the Andromeda constellation (see Andromeda Galaxy); M31.

Anglesey /ˈæŋ.ɡəl.siː/ pn
Inis Món
An island and traditional county at the northwestern extremity of north Wales. It is separated from Caernarfonshire on the mainland by a narrow stretch of water called the Menai Strait. The county was merged into Gwynedd in 1974.

Anglican /ˈæŋ.ɡlɪ.kən/ more Anglican most Anglican adj
Anglacánach
Relating to the Church of England, or one of several related churches, such as those in the Anglican Communion.

Anglican /ˈæŋ.ɡlɪ.kən/ Anglicans n
Anglacánach
A member of an Anglican Church.

Anglicanism Anglicanisms n
Anglacánachas
The beliefs and practices of the Anglican Church.

Anglo- /ˈæŋ.ɡləʊ/ prefix
Angla-
A combining form relating to the English or British people, culture, or livestock.

Anglo-Catholic Anglo-Catholics n
Angla-Caitliceach
A member of the Anglican Church whose practices emphasise continuity with Catholic tradition.

Anglo-Indian adj
Angla-Indiach
Of, relating to, or between India and England or Britain.

Anglo-Indian Anglo-Indians n
Angla-Indiach
A person with mixed Indian and English or British ancestry.
(historical) A person of English or British citizenship or ancestry living in India.

Anglo-Norman /æŋ.ɡloʊ.nɔːɹ.mən/ /æŋ.ɡləʊ.nɔː.mən/ more Anglo-Norman most Anglo-Norman adj
Angla-Normannach
Pertaining to the period of Norman rule of England, 1066–1154.
Pertaining to Normans in England after the Norman Conquest.

Anglo-Norman /æŋ.ɡloʊ.nɔːɹ.mən/ /æŋ.ɡləʊ.nɔː.mən/ Anglo-Normans n
Angla-Normannach Gall
A Norman who settled in England after the Norman Conquest, or a descendant of one.

Anglo-Saxon /ˌæŋ.ɡloʊˈsæk.sən/ /ˌæŋ.ɡləʊˈsæk.sən/ more Anglo-Saxon most Anglo-Saxon adj
Angla-Shacsanach
Related to the Anglo-Saxon peoples or language.
Related to nations which speak primarily English and are influenced by English culture and customs; especially Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States.
(US) Descended from some other North European settlers like the British (English).

Anglo-Saxon /ˌæŋ.ɡloʊˈsæk.sən/ /ˌæŋ.ɡləʊˈsæk.sən/ Anglo-Saxons n
Angla-Shacsanach
A member of the Germanic peoples who settled in England during the early fifth century.
(US) A person of English ethnic descent.

Anglophone /ˈeɪŋɡləˌfoʊn/ /ˈæŋɡləˌfəʊn/ Anglophones n
Béarlóir
One who speaks English, generally natively.

Angola /æŋˈɡoʊlə/ /æŋˈɡəʊlə/ Angolas n
Angóla Poblacht Angóla
Synonym of angora (cat).

Angolan /æŋˈɡoʊlən/ adj
Angólach
Of, from, or pertaining to Angola or the Angolan people.

Angolan /æŋˈɡoʊlən/ Angolans n
Angólach
A person from Angola or of Angolan descent.

Anguilla /æŋˈɡwɪ.lə/ pn
Angaíle
An archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, in the Caribbean Sea.

Angus /ˈæŋ.ɡəs/ pn
Aonghas Aonghus
A en given name of mostly Scottish usage.

Ankara /ˈæŋ.kə.ɹə/ pn
Ankara
The capital city of Turkey.

Ann /æn/ [eən] pn
Áine Ánna
A en given name.

Anselm /ˈanˌsɛlm/ /ˈænˌsɛlm/ [ˈænˌsɛlm] pn
Ainseilm
A en given name; quite rare in English.

Antananarivo pn
Antananairíveo
The capital city of Madagascar.

Antarctic /ænˈtɑɹ(k)tɪk/ /ænˈtɑː(k)tɪk/ more Antarctic most Antarctic adj
Antartach
Of, from, or pertaining to Antarctica and the south polar regions.

Antarctic /ænˈtɑɹ(k)tɪk/ /ænˈtɑː(k)tɪk/ pn
Antartach
One of the major ecozones of the world, covering the south polar regions. Especially those south of the Antarctic Convergence or the 60th parallel south (everywhere south of this parallel being administered by the Antarctic Treaty System).

Antarctic Circle pn
Ciorcal Antartach
(geography) The line which marks approximately the northernmost place in the Southern Hemisphere where the sun does not set on the summer solstice and does not rise on the winter solstice.

Antarctic Peninsula pn
Leithinis Antartaice
The northernmost part of the mainland of Antarctica.

Antarctica /enˈtɐːktɪkə/ /ænˈtɑɹ(k)tɪkə/ /ˌænˈtɑː(k)tɪkə/ /ˌænˈɑːtɪkə/ [ɛəˈɾ̃ɑɹɾɪkə] pn
Antartaice
The southernmost continent, south of the Southern Ocean, containing the South Pole.

Anthony /ˈæn.tə.ni/ /ˈæn.θə.ni/ pn
Antaine Antóin
A en given name, in regular use since the Middle Ages.

Antichrist pn
Ainchríost
(Christianity, Islam) A false messiah who, under direct control of the Devil, will usher in the abomination in the end times; a false prophet.

Antillean /æntəˈliːən/ /ænˈtɪli.ən/ adj
Aintillíoch
Of, from, or pertaining to the Antilles, the Antillean people or the Antillean language.

Antillean /æntəˈliːən/ /ænˈtɪli.ən/ Antilleans n
Aintillíoch
A person from the Antilles or of Antillean descent.

Antiquity pn
Cianaois
The period of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.

Antlia pn
Aerchaidéal
(constellation) A faint winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a pump. The common English name is "Air pump".

Antrim /ˈæntɹɪm/ pn
Aontroim Contae Aontroma
A town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, that is the county town.

Apache /ə.ˈpæ.t͡ʃi/ Apaches n
Apáitseach
Any of several Athabascan-speaking peoples of the American southwest excluding Navajo, i.e., Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Plains Apache, or Western Apache.
A person belonging to an Apache people.

Apache /ə.ˈpæ.t͡ʃi/ pn
Apáitsis
The group of languages used by any of several Athabascan-speaking peoples of the American southwest excluding Navajo, i.e. Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Plains Apache, or Western Apache.

Aphrodite /æfɹoʊˈdaɪti/ /æfɹəˈdaɪti/ pn
Afradaíté
(Greek god) The goddess of beauty and love, born when Cronus castrated his father, Uranus, and threw his genitalia into the sea. Her Roman counterpart is Venus.

Apocalypse /əˈpɑkəlɪps/ /əˈpɒkəlɪps/ Apocalypses pn
Apacailipsis
(countable, biblical) The written account of a revelation of hidden things given by God to a chosen prophet.
(Christianity) Revelation (last book of the Bible, composed of twenty-two chapters, which narrates the end of times)

Apocrypha pn
Apacrafa
That group of works which formed part of the Septuagint, but not of the Hebrew canon recognized by the Jews, and which is considered by some Christians to form an authentic part of Scripture, but which is rejected by others (namely by Protestants).

Apollo /əˈpɑloʊ/ /əˈpɒləʊ/ pn
Apalló
(Greek god, Roman god) The son of Zeus and Leto (or Jupiter and Latona), and the twin brother of Artemis (or Diana). He was the god of light, music, medicine, and poetry; and prophecy, dance, manly beauty, and more.

Apostle Apostles n
aspal
(Christianity) Any of the group of twelve disciples chosen by Jesus to preach and spread the Gospel.

Apostles' Creed pn
Cré na nAspal
(Christianity) A statement of Christian belief, traditionally ascribed to the twelve Apostles of Jesus.

April /ˈeɪ.pɹaɪl/ /ˈeɪ.pɹəl/ /ˈeɪ.pɹɪl/ Aprils pn
Aibreán Mí Aibreáin
The fourth month of the Gregorian calendar, following March and preceding May. Abbreviation: Apr or Apr.

April Fools' Day April Fools' Days n
Lá Aibreáin Lá na nAmadán
The first day in April, when tricks and practical jokes are traditionally played

April fool April fools n
amadán Aibreáin
A person subjected to a practical joke on April Fools' Day.

Apus /ˈeɪpəs/ pn
Éan Parthais
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a bird of paradise.

Aquarius /əˈkwɛə.ɹɪ.əs/ /əˈkwɛɚ.i.əs/ pn
Iompróir an Uisce an tUisceadóir
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac, supposedly shaped like a water carrier.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the water carrier, ruled by Uranus covering January 20 – February 18 (tropical astrology) or February 15 – March 14 (sidereal astrology).

Aquila /ˈækwələ/ /ˈækwɪlə/ /ˈɑːkwələ/ pn
Iolar
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble an eagle. It includes the star Altair.

Ara /ˈeɪ.ɹə/ /ˈɛɹ.ə/ pn
Altóir
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an altar.

Arab /ˈeɪ.ɹæb/ /ˈæɹ.əb/ /ˈɛɹ.əb/ adj
Arabach
Of or pertaining to Arabs and their nations.

Arab /ˈeɪ.ɹæb/ /ˈæɹ.əb/ /ˈɛɹ.əb/ Arabs n
Arabach
A Semitic person, whose forebears were from the Arabian Peninsula
Arabach capall Arabach
An Arabian horse.

Arab Republic of Egypt pn
Poblacht Arabach na hÉigipte
The official name of the country of Egypt.

Arab Spring pn
an t-Earrach Arabach
The pro-democracy movement spreading across North Africa and the Middle East from 2010 to 2012.

Arabia /əˈɹeɪbiə/ pn
Araib
A peninsula of Western Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates.

Arabian /əˈɹeɪ.bi.ən/ more Arabian most Arabian adj
Arabach
Related to Arabia.

Arabian /əˈɹeɪ.bi.ən/ Arabians n
Arabach
A native of Arabia.
Arabach capall Arabach
An Arabian horse.

Arabian Peninsula pn
Leithinis na hAraibe
A peninsula in the Middle East, bordered by Jordan, the Syrian desert and Iraq to the north, the Persian Gulf to the northeast, the Gulf of Oman to the east, the Arabian Sea (part of the Indian Ocean) to the south (southeast), the Gulf of Aden to the south, the Red Sea to the west (southwest) extending north into the Gulf of Aqaba, and north along the Red Sea Rift to the Mediterranean Sea on the west (northwest). It consists mainly of Saudi Arabia, and may be geologically defined as the Arabian plate, also as the Arabian subcontinent.

Arabian Sea pn
Muir Arabach
A region of the Indian Ocean located between India, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Socotra Passage.

Arabian oryx Arabian oryx Arabian oryxes n
oracs Arabach
An oryx of species Oryx leucoryx.

Arabic /ˈæɹ.ə.bɪk/ /ˈɛɹ.ə.bɪk/ adj
Arabach Araibis
Of, from, or pertaining to Arab countries or cultural behaviour (see also Arab as an adjective).

Arabic /ˈæɹ.ə.bɪk/ /ˈɛɹ.ə.bɪk/ pn
Araibis script Araibise
The Aramaic-derived alphabet used to write the Arabic, Persian, Pashto, Urdu, and Uyghur languages, among others.

Arabic numeral Arabic numerals n
uimhir Arabach
(in the plural) The system using such numerals, now employed throughout the world.

Aragonese /ˌærəɡɒˈniːz/ pn
Aragóinis
The language of Aragon, nowadays only spoken as a mother tongue by a few thousand people in some valleys of the Pyrenees.

Aral Sea /ˈɑːɹəl siː/ pn
Muir Aral
A saline lake, straddling the Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan border, that was once large, but shrank to a quarter of its original size after the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, which previously flowed into it, were diverted for irrigation purposes during the Soviet era.

Aramaic /ˌæ.ɹə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌæɹ.ə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌɛɹ.ə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ pn
Aramais
The language of the Aramaeans from the tenth century BC: often called Old Aramaic.

Aran /ˈæɹən/ pn
Oileáin Árann Árainn
An archipelago off the west coast of Ireland, also called the Arans or the Aran Islands.

Aran jumper Aran jumpers n
geansaí Árann geansaí Árannach
A distinctive style of knitted jumper with prominent cable patterns on the chest, traditionally cream-colored.

Arapaho /əˈɹeɪpəhoʊ/ pn
Arapachóis
The Algonquian language of this people.

Ararat /ˈæɹəˌɹæt/ pn
Ararat
Mount Ararat, the tallest mountain of Turkey and of the entire Armenian Highland. In Armenian antiquity known as Masis, it became associated with the Biblical "Mountains of Ararat" (Genesis 8:4) at some point during the Middle Ages.

Arawak adj
Aruacach
Pertaining to the Arawak peoples

Arawak Arawak Arawaks n
Aruacach
A member of an Amerindian people who lived in the region of the Caribbean when the Spanish arrived in America.

Arawak pn
Aruaicis
A group of Amerindian languages spoken around the Caribbean.
A Caribbean language belonging to this group.

Arcadia /ɑɹˈkeɪ.di.ə/ /ɑːˈkeɪ.dɪ.ə/ Arcadias n
an Arcáid
(figurative) An ideal region of rural and idyllic contentment; a pastoral utopia.

Archaean /ɑɹˈkiːən/ /ɑːˈkiːən/ adj
Aircéach
(geology) Of, or relating to the geologic eon from about 3,800 to 2,500 million years ago; comprises the Eoarchean, Paleoarchean, Mesoarchean and Neoarchean eras; marked by an atmosphere with little oxygen, the formation of the first continents and oceans and the emergence of simple life.

Arctic /ˈɑɹ(k)tɪk/ /ˈɑː(k)tɪk/ adj
Artach
(geography) Pertaining to the northern polar region of the planet, characterised by extreme cold and an icy landscape. [from 16th c.]
Extremely cold, snowy, or having other properties of extreme winter associated with the Arctic. [from 16th c.]

Arctic /ˈɑɹ(k)tɪk/ /ˈɑː(k)tɪk/ pn
Artach
(geography) The region of the Earth above the Arctic Circle, containing the North Pole. [from 17th c.]

Arctic Circle pn
Ciorcal Artach
The parallel of latitude that runs 66° 33′ 39″ north of the Equator, which marks approximately the southernmost place in the Northern Hemisphere where the sun does not set on the summer solstice and does not rise on the winter solstice.

Arctic Ocean pn
Aigéan Artach
The smallest of the five oceans of the Earth, on and around the North Pole, bordered by the three continents of Asia, Europe and North America.

Arctic cod Arctic cod Arctic cods n
trosc artach
A gadiform fish of northeast Atlantic (Arctogadus glacialis).

Arctic skua Arctic skuas n
meirleach Artach
A seabird (Stercorarius parasiticus), of the skua family (Stercorariidae)

Areopagus /æɹiˈɒpəɡəs/ pn
Cnoc Airéis
(Ancient Greece) The supreme judicial and legislative council of ancient Athens.

Ares /ˈeəɹiːz/ pn
Airéas Airéis
(Greek god) The Greek god of war, considered equivalent to the Roman Mars and usually described as a son of Zeus and Hera, companion of Eris and Enyo, and by Aphrodite father of Deimos and Phobos.

Argentina /ˌɑɹ.d͡ʒən.ˈti.nə/ /ˌɑː.d͡ʒən.ˈtiː.nə/ pn
Airgintín
A country in South America. Official name: Argentine Republic. Capital: Buenos Aires.

Argentine Republic pn
Poblacht na hAirgintíne
The official name of Argentina.

Argo Navis pn
Long
(constellation) : A former constellation of the southern sky, said to represent the mythical ship Argo. In 1763, it was divided into the three new constellations: Carina (keel), Puppis (stern), and Vela (sail).

Argyll /ɑː(ɹ)ˈɡaɪl/ pn
Oirear Gael
(historical) A former county of Scotland, now incorporated into Argyll and Bute.

Aries /ˈɛə.ɹiːz/ /ˈɛɚ.iz/ pn
Reithe an Reithe
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a ram.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the ram, ruled by Mars and covering March 20 – April 20 (tropical astrology) or April 15 – May 15 (sidereal astrology).

Aristotle /ˈæɹɪˌstɑtəl/ /ˈæɹɪˌstɒtəl/ /ˈɛɹɪˌstɑtəl/ [ˈæɹɪˌstɑɾɫ̩] [ˈæɹɪˌstɒtᵊɫ̩] [ˈɛɹɪˌstɑɾɫ̩] pn
Arastotail
An ancient Greek philosopher, logician, and scientist (382–322 BCE), student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.

Ark of the Covenant pn
Áirc an Chonartha
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) The sacred container, a gold-plated wooden chest, of the two tablets of law (the Ten Commandments) given to Moses by the Hebrew God.

Arkansas /-ɑ/ /ɑɹˈkæn.zəs/ /ˈɑɹ.kənˌsɔ/ pn
Arkansas
A state in the South Central region of the United States. Capital and largest city: Little Rock.

Armagh /aːɹˈmaː/ /ɑɹˈmɑː/ /ɑːˈmɑː/ pn
Ard Mhacha Contae Ard Mhacha
A city in County Armagh, Northern Ireland, which is the county town.

Armenia /ɑɹˈmi.ni.ə/ /ɑːˈmiː.ni.ə/ pn
Airméin An Airméin
(historical) Ancient kingdom in the Armenian Highland southeast of Black Sea and southwest of Caspian Sea; area now divided between Turkey, Republic of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Iran.

Armenian /ɑɹˈmini.ən/ /ɑːˈmiːni.ən/ adj
Airméanach Airméinis
Of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, the Armenian people, the Armenian language, or the Armenian alphabet.

Armenian /ɑɹˈmini.ən/ /ɑːˈmiːni.ən/ Armenians n
Airméanach
(countable) A person from Armenia or of Armenian descent.

Armenian /ɑɹˈmini.ən/ /ɑːˈmiːni.ən/ pn
Airméinis Armenio
(uncountable) A branch of Indo-European languages, which includes the various stages of the Armenian language.

Armenian Highland pn
ardchríoch Airméanach
A plateau in the north of Western Asia, connecting the Lesser Caucasus with the Taurus Mountains. Total area: about 400,000 km². Average elevation: 1500 to 2000 metres, highest point: Mount Ararat. The area lies mostly in eastern Turkey; also includes the whole of modern Armenia, southern Georgia, western Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran, Nakhichevan and Nagorno-Karabakh.

Armorica /ɑːˈmɒɹɪkə/ pn
Aremorica Armoiric
(historical) The north-western part of ancient Gaul, corresponding to modern Brittany.

Armorican adj
Armarcach
Of, from or pertaining to Armorica

Aromanian /æɹoʊˈmeɪniən/ /æɹəʊˈmeɪnɪən/ pn
Arómáinis
An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken mainly in Greece, but also in Albania, North Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia and relatively intelligible with Romanian and Megleno-Romanian.

Artemis /ˈɑɹtəmɪs/ pn
Artaimís
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of the hunt, wild animals, and wilderness; the daughter of Leto and Zeus; the sister of Apollo. (Compare Diana.)

Arthur /ˈɑɹθɚ/ /ˈɑːɹtəɹ/ /ˈɑːθə(ɹ)/ pn
Artúr
A en given name.

Arthurian more Arthurian most Arthurian adj
Artúrach
Of or pertaining to the legend of Arthur, king of the Britons, and his court at Camelot.

Aruba /əˈɹuː.bə/ pn
Arúba
An island, dependent territory, and constituent country of the Netherlands, in the Caribbean Sea.

Ascension Island /əˈsɛnʃən ˌaɪ̯lənd/ pn
Oileán na Deascabhála
An island, in the South Atlantic and part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

Asgard /ˈæsˌɡɑɹd/ /ˈæzˌɡɑɹd/ /ˈɑsˌɡɑɹd/ /ˈɑzˌɡɑɹd/ pn
Ascar
(Norse mythology) The realm of the Æsir gods.

Ash Wednesday Ash Wednesdays n
Céadaoin an Luaithrigh
(Christianity) The Wednesday 46 days before Easter in a given year, (Catholicism) traditionally observed as the beginning of Lent and a day of strict abstention from certain foods and pleasures.

Ashbourne Ashbournes pn
Cill Dhéagláin
A town in County Meath, Ireland

Ashgabat pn
Ashgabat
The capital and largest city of Turkmenistan.

Ashoka /əˈʃoʊkə/ /əˈʃəʊkə/ pn
Ashoka
(historical) An ancient Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE.

Asia /ˈeɪ.ʃja/ /ˈeɪ.ʃə/ /ˈeɪ.ʒə/ /ˈeː.ʃja/ Asias pn
Áise An Áise
A continent located east of Europe (typically delimited by the Urals), west of the Pacific Ocean, north of Oceania and south of the Arctic Ocean.

Asia Minor pn
Áise Bheag
A large peninsula, mostly coterminous with Anatolia, between the Mediterranean Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea; it makes up the Asian part of Turkey.

Asian /ˈeɪʃən/ /ˈeɪʒən/ adj
Áiseach
Of, relating to or from Asia.

Asian /ˈeɪʃən/ /ˈeɪʒən/ Asians n
Áiseach
(UK, Ireland, South Africa) A person from or with ancestry in South Asia.
(US, Canada, Australia, NZ, also International English on the Internet) A person from or with ancestry in East or Southeast Asia, occasionally South Asia.
A person from the continent of Asia, or a descendant thereof - especially:

Asian black bear Asian black bears n
béar dubh Áiseach
A bear of the species Ursus thibetanus (previously known as Selenarctos thibetanus).

Asian lion /ˈeɪʒən ˈlaɪən/ Asian lions n
leon Indiach leon Áiseach
Panthera leo persica, a subspecies of lion that inhabited Asia.

Asian pear Asian pears n
piorra Seapánach
A fruit from species of pear from northeastern Asia, known better for their crisp, juicy texture than for their flavor

Asiatic golden cat Asiatic golden cats n
cat órga na hÁise
A medium-sized wild cat of southeastern Asia, Catopuma temminckii (synonym Pardofelis temminckii).

Assamese pn
Asaimis
The Indo-Aryan language spoken by the majority people in the state of Assam, NE India.

Assyria /əˈsɪɹi.ə/ pn
Aisiria
A Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant from the mid-23rd century BC to 608 BC and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq), which came to rule regional empires a number of times through history.

Assyrian /əˈsiɹi.ɪn/ adj
Aisiriach
(historical) Of or pertaining to the ancient region on the Upper Tigris river, with capital city of Assur.
(historical) Of, or characteristic of, or pertaining to the ancient nation and empire, including the northern half of Mesopotamia, with capital city of Nineveh.

Assyrian /əˈsiɹi.ɪn/ Assyrians n
Aisiriach
(historical) A person who resided in the ancient region on the Upper Tigris river, with capital city of Assur.
(historical) A citizen of an ancient nation and empire, including the northern half of Mesopotamia, with capital city of Nineveh.

Asturian /æsˈtʊə.ɹi.ən/ /æsˈtʊɹ.i.ən/ /əˈstjʊə.ɹi.ən/ /əˈstʊɹ.i.ən/ pn
Astúiris
A Romance language spoken in Asturias, Spain.

Athena /əˈθiːnə/ pn
Aitéiné
(Greek god) The goddess of wisdom, especially strategic warfare, the arts, and especially crafts, in particular, weaving; daughter of Zeus and Metis. Her Roman counterpart is Minerva.

Athenian /əˈθiː.ni.ən/ adj
Aithneach
(Greek mythology) Of or related to Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom, technology, and skillful warfare.

Athenian /əˈθiː.ni.ən/ Athenians n
Aithneach
An inhabitant, resident, or citizen of Athens, Greece.

Athens /ˈeɪθənz/ /ˈæθənz/ pn
Aithin Ataen Cathair na hAithne
The capital city of Greece.

Athlone pn
Baile Átha Luain
A town in County Westmeath and County Roscommon, Ireland (Irish grid ref N 0441).

Atlantic /ætˈlæn.tɪk/ /ətˈlæn.tɪk/ adj
Atlantach
Pertaining to locations adjacent to or in the vicinity of the Atlantic Ocean, such as the British Isles in Northwestern Europe, or the eastern seaboard of the USA.

Atlantic Ocean /ətˈlæntɪk ˈoʊʃən/ pn
Aigéan Atlantach
The ocean lying between the Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east.

Atlantic puffin Atlantic puffins n
puifín Atlantach
A species of puffin (Fratercula arctica).

Atlantic salmon Atlantic salmon Atlantic salmons n
bradán Atlantach
A species of fish of the Salmonidae family, Salmo salar.

Atlantic tomcod Atlantic tomcod Atlantic tomcods n
tomcod an Atlantaigh
A gadiform fish of the northwest Atlantic, Microgadus tomcod.

Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross Atlantic yellow-nosed albatrosses n
albatras gob-bhuí
Thalassarche chlororhynchos is a large seabird in the albatross family.

Atlas /ˈætləs/ Atlases pn
Atlás
(Greek god) The son of Iapetus and Clymene, war leader of the Titans ordered by the god Zeus to support the sky on his shoulders; father to the Hesperides, the Hyades, and the Pleiades; king of the legendary Atlantis.

Attic /ˈætɪk/ more Attic most Attic adj
Atacach
(historical) Of or related to Attica, ancient Athens and its hinterland, particularly:
Synonym of Athenian, of or related to the culture of ancient Athens.

Attic Greek pn
Gréigis na hAtaice
The dialect of Ancient Greek used in Attica, the region surrounding Athens, from 500 to 300 B.C.E., closely related to Ionic Greek and a main contributor to Koine Greek. The language of Thucydides, Plato, Aeschylus, Xenophon, etc.

Attica pn
Ataic
A periphery where Athens, the capital of Greece, is located.
A peninsula southeast of Athens, Greece.

August /ˈɑ.ɡəst/ /ˈɔ.ɡəst/ /ˈɔ.ɡɪst/ /ˈɔː.ɡəst/ Augusts pn
Lúnasa
The eighth month of the Roman, Julian, and Gregorian calendars, following July and preceding September.

Augustine /ɔːˈɡʌstɪn/ /əˈɡʌstɪn/ /ˈɑɡəˌstin/ /ˈɔɡəˌstin/ /ˈɔːɡəˌstiːn/ pn
Agaistín
A en given name, notably borne by Saint Augustine of Hippo (354-430), a church father and a writer.

Augustus /ɔːˈɡʌstəs/ /əˈɡʌstəs/ pn
Ágastas
The Roman emperor Augustus, also called Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (63 B.C.E. – 14 C.E.); heir to Julius Caesar

Aukštaitian Aukštaitians n
Ácstáitíoch
A person from Aukštaitija.

Aukštaitian pn
Ácstáitis
The dialect of Lithuanian spoken in Aukštaitija, Dzūkija and Suvalkija, upon which standard Lithuanian is based.

Aurelius /ɔˈɹiliəs/ /əˈɹiliəs/ pn
Áiréilias
A en given name; of mostly historical use in the Anglo-Saxon world.

Auriga /ɔːˈɹaɪɡə/ pn
Ara
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a charioteer. It includes the star Capella.

Austin /ˈɑstɪn/ /ˈɒstɪn/ /ˈɔstɪn/ pn
Cathair Aibhistín
The capital city of Texas, USA and the county seat of Travis County; named for American empresario Stephen F. Austin.

Australasia /ˌɒstɹ(ə)lˈeɪʒə/ /ˌɔstɹl̩ˈæɪʒɐ/ pn
Astraláise
Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and neighbouring islands.

Australasian adj
Astraláiseach
Relating to Australia and its surrounding regions of New Guinea, Indonesia, and the south west Pacific Ocean.

Australasian Australasians n
Astraláiseach
A native or inhabitant of Australasia.

Australia /-ɹe.jə/ /-ɹeɪl-/ /-ɹɛl-/ /ɑˈstɹɛ.li.ə/ /ɑˈstɹɛl.jə/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.li.jə/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.liː.ə/ /ɒˈstɹeɪl.jə/ /ɔˈstɹɛ.li.ə/ /ɔˈstɹɛl.jə/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪ.lɪ.jə/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪ.lɪ.ə/ /əˈstɹeɪl.jə/ /əˈstɹæɪ.jə/ /əˈstɹæɪ.liː.ə/ /əˈstɹæɪl.jə/ /əˈstɹɛ.liː.ə/ pn
Astráil Comhlathas na hAstráile
A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its precursor colony in the British Empire. Official name: Commonwealth of Australia. Capital: Canberra.
(geology) A continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands. New Guinea and the intervening islands are also on the Australian tectonic plate and are thus geologically considered part of the continent.

Australian /-ɹejə/ /-ɹɛl-/ /ɑˈstɹeɪl.jən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.li.jən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.liː.ən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪljən/ /ɔˈstɹeɪl.jən/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪjən/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪən/ /əˈstɹeɪljən/ /əˈstɹæɪ.liː.ən/ /əˈstɹæɪ.ljən/ /əˈstɹæɪl.jən/ /əˈstɹɛliːən/ adj
Astrálach
Of, from, or pertaining to Australia, the Australian people or Australian languages.

Australian /-ɹejə/ /-ɹɛl-/ /ɑˈstɹeɪl.jən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.li.jən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.liː.ən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪljən/ /ɔˈstɹeɪl.jən/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪjən/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪən/ /əˈstɹeɪljən/ /əˈstɹæɪ.liː.ən/ /əˈstɹæɪ.ljən/ /əˈstɹæɪl.jən/ /əˈstɹɛliːən/ Australians n
Astrálach
A person from the country of Australia or of Australian descent.
A language of the country or continent of Australia; Australian (Australian English).

Australian dollar Australian dollars n
dollar na hAstráile
The official currency of Australia.

Austria /ˈɑs.tɹi.ə/ /ˈɒs.tɹɪə/ /ˈɔs.tɹi.ə/ /ˈɔːs.tɹɪə/ pn
an Ostair Ostair
A country in Central Europe. Official name: Republic of Austria. Capital and largest city: Vienna.

Austria-Hungary pn
an Ostair agus an Ungáir
(historical) A former country in Central Europe from 1867 to 1918.

Austrian /ˈɑ.stɹi.ən/ /ˈɒs.tɹi.ən/ /ˈɔs.tɹi.ən/ more Austrian most Austrian adj
Ostarach
Of, from, or pertaining to Austria or its people.

Austrian /ˈɑ.stɹi.ən/ /ˈɒs.tɹi.ən/ /ˈɔs.tɹi.ən/ Austrians n
Ostarach
A person from Austria or of Austrian descent.

Austro-Hungarian adj
Ostra-Ungárach
(historical) Of, from or pertaining to Austria-Hungary.

Austronesia /ˌɒs.tɹəˈniː.ʒə/ pn
an Astrainéis
Those areas of the world, mostly in Southeast Asia and the Pacific but also including Madagascar, that are inhabited by speakers of Austronesian languages.

Austronesian /ˌɔːs.tɹoʊˈniː.ʒən/ more Austronesian most Austronesian adj
Astrainéiseach
Of or pertaining to Austronesia.

Autonomous Region of the Azores pn
Réigiún Féinrialaitheach na nAsór
official name of the Azores

Av pn
Ab
(Judaism) The eleventh month of the civil year and the fifth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Tammuz and before Elul.

Avar /ˈævɑɹ/ adj
Avárach
Of or pertaining to the Avar language or people.

Avar /ˈævɑɹ/ Avars n
Avárach
A person belonging to this people of Caucasus, mainly of Daghestan, in which they are the predominant group.

Avar /ˈævɑɹ/ pn
Aváiris
A North Caucasian language spoken mainly in Avaria (Republic of Daghestan) as its official language, and in parts of Azerbaijan.

Avestan /əˈvɛst(ə)n/ pn
Aivéistis
An ancient Eastern Old Iranian language that was used to compose the sacred hymns and canon of the Zoroastrian Avesta.

Avogadro's number pn
tairiseach Avogadro
(physical chemistry) The number of elementary entities (atoms or molecules) comprising one mole of a given substance, being precisely 6.02214076 × 1023. Formerly defined as the number of atoms present in 12 grams of isotopically pure carbon-12.

Awadhi pn
Avaidis
An Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and Nepal that is considered to be a part of the Eastern Hindi languages.

Aymara /ˌaɪməˈɹɑː/ n
Aidhmearach
An indigenous people of South America.

Aymara /ˌaɪməˈɹɑː/ pn
Aidhmiris
A language spoken in South America.

Azerbaijan /ə.ˈzɛː(ɹ).baɪˌdʒɑːn/ /ə.ˈzɛː(ɹ).baɪˌʒɑːn/ /ˌæz.ə(ɹ).baɪˈdʒɑːn/ /ˌæz.ə(ɹ).baɪˈʒɑːn/ pn
Poblacht na hAsarbaiseáine an Asarbaiseáin Asarbaiseáin
A country in the South Caucasus, Asia and Europe. Official name: Republic of Azerbaijan. Capital: Baku.

Azerbaijani /ˌæzəbaɪˈdʒɑːni/ /ˌæzəɹbaɪˈd͡ʒɑːni/ adj
Asarbaiseánach
Of, from, or pertaining to Azerbaijan, the Azerbaijani people or the Azerbaijani language.

Azerbaijani /ˌæzəbaɪˈdʒɑːni/ /ˌæzəɹbaɪˈd͡ʒɑːni/ Azerbaijanis n
Asarbaiseánach
A person from Azerbaijan or of Azerbaijani descent.

Azerbaijani /ˌæzəbaɪˈdʒɑːni/ /ˌæzəɹbaɪˈd͡ʒɑːni/ pn
Asarbaiseáinis Asairis
The language of Azerbaijan.

Azeri Turkic adj
Asarbaiseáinis
Of or pertaining to the Azeri language.

Azores /əˈzɔːz/ /ˈeɪzɔːɹz/ pn
Asóir
An archipelago of nine volcanic islands in the North Atlantic and an autonomous region of Portugal comprising this archipelago, officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores.

Aztec /ˈæz.tɛk/ pn
Astaicis Nachuáitlis
The Nahuatl language.

Babylon /ˈbæb.ɪ.lɑn/ /ˈbæb.ɪ.lɒn/ pn
Bablóin
(historical) An ancient city in Mesopotamia, built on the banks of the Euphrates, which was the capital of Babylonia.

Babylonia /ˌbæbɪˈloʊni.ə/ /ˌbæbɪˈləʊnɪə/ pn
Bablóinia
(historical) The realm of Babylon in ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), the Babylonian Empire.

Babylonian adj
Bablónach
(historical) Pertaining to the city of Babylon, or the Babylonian Empire. [from 16th c.]

Babylonian Babylonians n
Bablónach
An inhabitant of the city of Babylon.

Babylonian pn
Bablóinis
A later form of Akkadian language spoken in Babylonia in 1950 BC – 100 AD.

Bactria /ˈbæktɹɪə/ pn
an Bhaictria
The ancient Greek name of the country between the range of the Hindu Kush and the Amu Darya in the Middle East, encompassing parts of northern Afghanistan, eastern Turkmenistan, southern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and northern Pakistan.

Bactrian camel /ˈbæktɹɪən ˈkæməl/ Bactrian camels n
camall Baictriach
The camel with two humps, Camelus bactrianus, native to the steppes of Asia.

Baffin Bay pn
Bá Baffin
A sea between Greenland and Nunavut.

Baffin Island pn
Oileán Baffin
An island in Nunavut, Canada, north of the Canadian mainland.

Baghdad /bæɡˈdæd/ /ˈbæɡdæd/ pn
Bagdad
The capital city of Iraq.

Bahamas /bəˈhɑː.məz/ pn
Bahámaí Comhlathas na mBahámaí
An archipelago and country in the Caribbean. Official name: Commonwealth of The Bahamas.

Bahamian /bəˈheɪm.ɪən/ more Bahamian most Bahamian adj
Bahámaíoch
Of, from, or pertaining to the Bahamas, or the Bahamian people.

Bahamian /bəˈheɪm.ɪən/ Bahamians n
Bahámaíoch
A person from the Bahamas or of Bahamian descent.

Bahrain /bɑː(h)ˈɹeɪn/ pn
Bairéin
An archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf. Official name: Kingdom of Bahrain. Capital: Manama.

Bahraini adj
Bairéanach
Of, from, or pertaining to Bahrain or the Bahraini people.

Bahraini Bahrainis n
Bairéanach
A person from Bahrain or of Bahraini descent.

Baikal /baɪ.ˈkæl/ /ˌbaɪ.ˈkɑːl/ pn
Loch Baikal
A large freshwater lake in Siberia, Russia.

Baikal teal Baikal teals n
praslacha Bhaikalach
Anas formosa, a dabbling duck that breeds within the forest zone of eastern Siberia

Balbriggan pn
Baile Brigín
A town in Fingal, County Dublin, Ireland.

Balearic Islands pn
Oileáin Bhailéaracha
A group of Mediterranean islands of the east coast of Spain, formed by Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza, and Formentera.

Balearic Sea pn
Muir Bhailéarach
Part of the Mediterranean Sea, between the Balearic Islands and Levante.

Balinese /ˈbɑːlɪniːz/ adj
Bailíoch
Of or relating to Bali, its inhabitants, or their language or culture.

Balinese /ˈbɑːlɪniːz/ Balinese n
Bailís
(uncountable) The language of Bali.
pobal Bali
A native or inhabitant of Bali.

Balkan /ˈbɑlkən/ /ˈbɒlkən/ /ˈbɔlkən/ /ˈbɔːlkən/ adj
Balcánach
Of or relating to the Balkan Peninsula

Balkan Peninsula pn
Leithinis Bhalcánach Leithinis na mBalcán
A large peninsula in southeastern Europe surrounded by water on three sides: the Adriatic Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea (including the Ionian and Aegean Seas) to the south and the Black Sea to the east. Its northern boundary is often given as the Danube, Sava and Kupa rivers.

Balkans /ˈbɑl.kənz/ /ˈbɒl.kənz/ /ˈbɔl.kənz/ /ˈbɔːl.kənz/ pn
Balcáin
A geographical region in southeastern Europe, roughly equivalent to the area covered by Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, sometimes including Romania, Slovenia, and European Turkey. [19th c.]

Ballina pn
Béal an Átha
A town in County Mayo, Ireland.
A town in County Tipperary, Ireland.

Ballybofey /ˌbælbəˈfeɪ/ /ˌbælibəˈfeɪ/ pn
Bealach Féich
A town in County Donegal, Ireland

Ballydavid pn
Baile na nGall
Village on the Dingle peninsula in northwest County Kerry, Ireland.

Ballygowan pn
Baile Mhic Gabhann
A village in County Down, Northern Ireland, between Comber and Saintfield (Irish grid ref J4364).

Ballymena /ˌbæliˈmiːnə/ pn
An Baile Meánach
A town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

Balochi pn
Balúcais
A Northwestern Iranian language spoken mainly in SW Pakistan (80% of speakers), SE Iran and S Afghanistan. SIL standard divides Balochi into three related languages, Eastern Balochi, Southern Balochi and Western Balochi.

Baltic /ˈbɑl.tɪk/ /ˈbɔl.tɪk/ /ˈbɔːl.tɪk/ more Baltic most Baltic adj
Baltach
Of or pertaining to the Baltic region or the Baltic Sea.
Of or pertaining to the Balts (the Baltic peoples).

Baltic /ˈbɑl.tɪk/ /ˈbɔl.tɪk/ /ˈbɔːl.tɪk/ pn
Bailt
The areas on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea; the Baltic states
Bailtis
The Baltic language family; the Baltic languages

Baltic Sea pn
Muir Bhailt Bailt
A sea in northern Europe, connected to the Atlantic.

Baltimore /ˈbɔl.tɪˌmɔɹ/ /ˈbɔːltɪmo(ː)ɹ/ /ˈbɔːltɪmoə/ /ˈbɔːltɪmɔː/ pn
Dún na Séad
A coastal village in western County Cork, Ireland.

Bambara /-ɑ/ /bɑmˈbɑɹ.ə/ pn
Bambairis
A West Sudanic language spoken mainly in Mali by as many as six million people, and by smaller numbers of people in Senegal Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, and Gambia.

Banagher pn
Beannchar
A town in County Offaly, Ireland.

Banchory pn
Beannchar
A town on Deeside, Aberdeenshire council area, Scotland (OS grid ref NO6995).

Bangkok /bæŋˈkɒk/ pn
Bancác
(exonym) The capital city of Thailand.

Bangladesh /ˌbæŋ.ɡlə.ˈdɛʃ/ /ˌbɑːŋ.ɡlə.ˈdɛʃ/ pn
Banglaidéis Bhanglaidéis
A country in South Asia. Official name: People's Republic of Bangladesh. Capital: Dhaka.

Bangladeshi adj
Banglaidéiseach
Of, from, or pertaining to Bangladesh.

Bangladeshi Bangladeshis n
Banglaidéiseach
A native or inhabitant of Bangladesh or person of Bangladeshi descent.

Bangor /ˈbæŋ(ɡ)ɚ/ pn
Beannchar
A city, formerly a town, in County Down, Northern Ireland.

Barbadian /bɑɹˈbeɪdi.ən/ /bɑːˈbeɪdi.ən/ adj
Barbadach
Of, from, or relating to Barbados or the people of Barbados.

Barbadian /bɑɹˈbeɪdi.ən/ /bɑːˈbeɪdi.ən/ Barbadians n
Barbadach
A person from Barbados or descended from a person from Barbados.

Barbados /bɑɹˈbeɪ.doʊs/ /bɑɹˈbeɪ.doʊz/ /bɑɹˈbeɪ.dəs/ /bɑː(ɹ)ˈbeɪ.dɒs/ pn
Barbadós
An island and country in the Caribbean.

Barbara /ˈbɑɹb(ə)ɹə/ /ˈbɑːb(ə)ɹə/ Barbaras pn
Bairbre
A en given name.

Barbary /ˈbɑː(ɹ)bəɹi/ pn
Barbair
(historical) The Mediterranean coastal areas of North Africa that were used as a base by pirates in the 16th to 19th centuries.

Barbary sheep Barbary sheep n
caora Bharbarach
A wild North African caprid (not a true sheep), Ammotragus lervia

Barbuda /bɑɹˈb(j)uː.də/ pn
Barbúda
An island and dependency of Antigua and Barbuda.

Barcelona /ˌbɑɹsəˈloʊnə/ /ˌbɑɹsɪˈloʊnə/ /ˌbɑːsəˈləʊnə/ pn
Barsalóin Barcelona
The capital city of Catalonia, Spain.

Barents Sea /ˈbæɹənts ˈsi/ /ˈbɛəɹənts ˈsi/ pn
Muir Barents
A part of the Arctic Ocean located north of Norway and northwestern Russia.

Barrow /ˈbæɹoʊ/ pn
Bearú
A river in eastern Ireland.

Bartholomew /bɑɹˈtɑləmi/ /bɑɹˈθɑləmju/ /bɑːˈθɒləmjuː/ Bartholomews pn
Beartlaidh Parthalán Parthalón
An Apostle, identified with Nathanael. (biblical character)
Parthalán
A en given name of biblical origin.

Baruch /bəˈrux/ /ˈbä rəx/ /ˈbɑɹ.ux/ /ˈbɛ ɹəx/ pn
Barúch
A en given name.

Basenji /bəˈsɛnd͡ʒi/ Basenjis n
Baiséinseach
(zoology) A hunting dog of a particular African breed.

Bashkir /bæʃˈkɪə/ /bɑːʃˈkɪɚ/ adj
Baiscireach
Of or pertaining to a certain Turkic ethnic group that lives mostly in the Russian republic of Bashkortostan.

Bashkir /bæʃˈkɪə/ /bɑːʃˈkɪɚ/ Bashkirs n
Baiscireach
A Bashkir person; a member of the Bashkir ethnic group.

Bashkir /bæʃˈkɪə/ /bɑːʃˈkɪɚ/ pn
Baiscíris
A Turkic language with many dialects, spoken in parts of Russia, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan.

Basque /bæsk/ /bɑːsk/ adj
Bascach Bascaise
Relating to the Basque people or their language.

Basque /bæsk/ /bɑːsk/ Basques n
Bascach
A member of a cultural and ethnic people living in the western Pyrenees and the Bay of Biscay between France and Spain.

Basque /bæsk/ /bɑːsk/ pn
Bascais Basco
The language of the Basque people.

Basque Country pn
Tír Bhascach
A region that straddles the border of Spain and France.
The region where the Basque language is spoken.
An autonomous community of Spain.

Batman /ˈbæt.mæn/ Batmans Batmen pn
Fear na nIaltóg
A fictional hero and the main protagonist of DC Comics, noted for his intellect and stealth, who uses a bat-themed costume and equipment (including a belt with an array of utilities) and is assisted by his sidekick Robin.

Battle of Britain pn
Cath na Breataine
(historical) A series of air engagements between the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and the German Luftwaffe during World War II for air superiority over southern England and the English Channel prior to any German invasion of the British Isles.

Bavaria /bəˈveəɹɪə/ pn
an Bhaváir
A historical region in Central Europe.
Baváir An Bhaváir
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation, which includes the historical Bavaria and parts of Swabia and Franconia.

Bavarian /bəˈvɛəɹɪən/ more Bavarian most Bavarian adj
Bavárach
Of or pertaining to Bavaria

Bavarian /bəˈvɛəɹɪən/ Bavarians n
Bavárach
A person from Bavaria or of Bavarian descent.

Bay pn
Contae Bá Naoimh Proinsias

Bay of Bengal pn
Bá Bheangál Bá na Beangáile
A sea that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean.

Bay of Biscay pn
Bá na Bioscáine
a gulf of the North Atlantic Ocean along the western coast of France from Brest south to the Spanish border, and the northern coast of Spain, named for the Spanish province of Biscay

Beijing /beɪˈd͡ʒɪŋ/ /beɪˈʒɪŋ/ /ˌbeɪˈd͡ʒɪŋ/ /ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ/ pn
Béising
A direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China. [from c. 1958]
(metonymy) The government of the People's Republic of China. [from late 20th c.]

Beirut /beɪˈɹuːt/ pn
Béiriút
The capital and largest city of Lebanon.

Belarus /ˈbɛ.lɑ.ɹus/ /ˈbɛləɹuːs/ /ˌbɛ.ləˈɹus/ /ˌbɛ.ləˈɹuːs/ pn
Poblacht na Bealarúise an Bhealarúis
A country in Eastern Europe. Official name: Republic of Belarus. Capital and largest city: Minsk.

Belarusian /ˌbɛləˈɹuːsi.ən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹuːʃən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹuːʒən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹʌʃən/ adj
Bealarúiseach
Of, from, or pertaining to Belarus, the Belarusian people.

Belarusian /ˌbɛləˈɹuːsi.ən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹuːʃən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹuːʒən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹʌʃən/ Belarusians n
Bealarúisis
(uncountable) The Slavic language spoken in Belarus (formerly called White Ruthenia or White Russia).

Belfast /ˈbɛl.fæst/ /ˈbɛl.fɑːst/ pn
Béal Feirste
The capital and largest city of Northern Ireland.

Belgian /ˈbɛl.d͡ʒən/ [ˈbɛl.ɡi.ən] more Belgian most Belgian adj
Beilgeach
Of, from, or pertaining to Belgium or the Belgian people.

Belgian /ˈbɛl.d͡ʒən/ [ˈbɛl.ɡi.ən] Belgians n
Beilgeach
A person from Belgium or of Belgian descent.

Belgian Congo pn
Congó na Beilge
(historical) A Belgian colony in Africa, the successor to King Leopold II of Belgium's Congo Free State and predecessor of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [from 1908 to 1960]

Belgium /ˈbɛld͡ʒəm/ Belgiums pn
Ríocht na Beilge an Bheilg
A country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France. Official name: Kingdom of Belgium. Capital and largest city: Brussels.

Belgrade /ˈbɛlɡɹeɪd/ pn
Béalgrád
The capital city of Serbia; former capital of Yugoslavia; former capital of Serbia and Montenegro.

Belize /beɪlˈiːz/ /bəˈliːz/ /bɛlˈiːz/ pn
Beilís An Bheilís
An English-speaking country in Central America, formerly called British Honduras.

Belizean adj
Beilíseach
Of, from, or pertaining to Belize, or the Belizean people.

Belizean Belizeans n
Beilíseach
A person from Belize or of Belizean descent.

Belmopan pn
Belmopan
The capital city of Belize.

Beltane pn
Lá Bealtaine
The first day of May (since 1752); May Day, a Scottish quarter day, sometimes associated by Christians with the nearest Church Feast, the Invention of the Cross (May 3rd), and Whitsunday (May 15th).

Benedict /ˈbɛnədɪkt/ Benedicts pn
Beinidict
(countable) A en given name, particularly of the sixth-century founder of the Benedictine order, and of several popes.

Benedictine adj
Beinidicteach
Of or pertaining to St. Benedict of Nursia.
Of or pertaining to the Benedictine Order.

Benedictine Benedictines n
Beinidicteach
A monk or nun belonging to the order founded by Saint Benedict of Nursia.
Beinidictín
A type of liqueur originating from the Benedictine cloister of Fécamp in France, made from cognac together with herb and spice extracts.

Benelux /ˈbɛnəlʌks/ pn
Benelux
An economic and customs union made up of Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg.

Bengal /bɛŋ.ˈɡɔːl/ /bɛŋˈɡɑl/ /bɛŋˈɡɑːl/ /bɛŋˈɡɔːl/ /ˈbɛŋˌɡəl/ pn
Beangál
A region in the northeast of South Asia, today divided between Bangladesh and India (particularly the state of West Bengal).

Bengali /bɛŋˈɡɑli/ /bɛŋˈɡɔːli/ adj
Beangálach
Of, from or pertaining to Bengal or the Bengalis.

Bengali /bɛŋˈɡɑli/ /bɛŋˈɡɔːli/ Bengalis n
Beangálach
(countable) A person from Bengal or of Bengali descent.
Beangáilis
(uncountable) A language spoken in Bangladesh and the states of Assam, Tripura and West Bengal, India.

Benghazi /bɛnˈɡɑ.zi/ pn
Benghazi
A port city in eastern Libya.

Benin /bəˈnin/ /bəˈnɪn/ /bɛˈniːn/ /bɛˈnɪn/ pn
Beinin
A country in West Africa, formerly Dahomey.

Benjamin /ˈbɛnd͡ʒəmɪn/ /ˈbɛnd͡ʒɚmɪn/ /ˈbɪnd͡ʒəmɪn/ /ˈbɪnd͡ʒɚmɪn/ Benjamins pn
Biniáimin
(biblical character) The youngest of the sons of Jacob and Rachel in the Bible.

Berber /ˈbɜːbə/ /ˈbɝ.bɚ/ adj
Beirbeireach
Of the Berber people, their culture, or their language.

Berber /ˈbɜːbə/ /ˈbɝ.bɚ/ Berber Berbers n
Beirbeireach
A member of a particular ethnic group indigenous to northwest Africa.

Berber /ˈbɜːbə/ /ˈbɝ.bɚ/ pn
Beirbeiris
A group of closely related Afroasiatic languages spoken in northern Africa, particularly Morocco and Algeria.

Berenice /bɜɹˈniːs/ /ˌbɛɹəˈnaɪsi/ /ˌbɛɹəˈniːs/ /ˌbɛɹəˈniːsi/ pn
Beirnicé
A en given name, notably of ancient queens of Egypt.

Bergamasco Bergamaschi Bergamascos n
Sípéir Bergamasco
A medium-sized breed of herding dog originating in the Italian Alps, known for its heavily matted coat resembling dreadlocks.

Bering Sea /ˈbɛɹɪŋ ˈsiː/ pn
Muir Bheiring
The sea between Siberia and Alaska, north of the Pacific Ocean, that is connected to the Arctic Ocean by the Bering Strait.

Bering Strait pn
Caolas Bheiring
A strait between Chukotka, Russia and Alaska, United States, linking the Arctic Ocean to the Bering Sea.

Berlin /bəˈlɪn/ /bɛə̯ˈlɪn/ /bɜːˈlɪn/ /ˈbɜː.lɪn/ /ˈbɝ.lɪn/ [bɚˈlɪn] Berlins pn
Beirlín
The capital and largest city of Germany.
A state of Germany containing the capital city.

Berlin Wall /bɜːˈlɪn wɔːl/ /bɝˈlɪn wɔl/ /ˈbɜː-/ /ˈbɝ-/ pn
Balla Bheirlín
(history) A wall that parted the city of Berlin until 1989, constructed by the German Democratic Republic to keep East Germans from escaping to West Berlin.

Bermuda /bəˈmjuːdə/ /bɚˈmjuːdə/ pn
Beirmiúda Beirmiúdaí
An archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean, 580 nautical miles (1074 kilometers) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.

Bermudian /bə(ɹ)ˈmjuːdiən/ adj
Beirmiúdach
Of, from, or pertaining to Bermuda, or the Bermudian people.

Bermudian /bə(ɹ)ˈmjuːdiən/ Bermudians n
Beirmiúdach
A person from Bermuda or of Bermudian descent

Bern /bɛ(ɹ)n/ /bɜː(ɹ)n/ /bɝn/ Berns pn
Beirn
The capital city of Switzerland; capital city of Bern canton.

Bernard /bəɹˈnɑɹd/ /ˈbɜːnəd/ pn
Bearnárd
A en given name.

Betelgeuse /ˈbidlˌdʒus/ /ˈbidlˌdʒuz/ /ˈbiːtldʒuːs/ /ˈbiːtldʒuːz/ /ˈbɛdlˌdʒus/ /ˈbɛdlˌdʒuz/ pn
Betelgeuse
(star) A bright-red supergiant intrinsic variable star, the second brightest star in the constellation Orion; Alpha (α) Orionis. It is the tenth brightest star in the nighttime, and one of the largest stars known.

Bethlehem /ˈbɛθlihɛm/ /ˈbɛθləhɛm/ pn
Beithil
A city in Northampton County and Lehigh County, Pennsylvania.
A quarter of Bümpliz-Oberbottigen, city of Bern, Switzerland.

Bhutan /buːˈtæn/ /buːˈtɑːn/ pn
Bútáin An Bhútáin
A country in South Asia, in the Himalayas. Official name: Kingdom of Bhutan. Capital: Thimphu.

Bhutanese /bu.təˈniːz/ more Bhutanese most Bhutanese adj
Bútánach
Of, from, or pertaining to Bhutan, the Bhutanese people.

Bhutanese /bu.təˈniːz/ Bhutanese n
Bútánach
A person from Bhutan or of Bhutanese descent.

Bible /ˈbaɪbəl/ Bibles pn
Bíobla An Bíobla
The Jewish holy book that was largely incorporated into the Christian Bible.

Bichon Frisé /ˈbiːʃɒn fɹiːˈzeɪ/ Bichons Frisés n
measán catach
A small bichon with white fur and dark eyes and nose, originating in Spain, Belgium and France.

Big Dipper pn
Camchéachta
(constellation, especially, US) A bright circumpolar asterism of the northern sky, said to resemble a ladle or cart, and a part of the constellation Ursa Major which includes the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid. [from 1845] The other stars comprising it are Alioth, Megrez, Merak, and Phecda.

Bigfoot /ˈbɪɡˌfʊt/ Bigfeet Bigfoot Bigfoots n
gruagach
(US, Canada, cryptozoology, folklore) Bigfoot as a species, as opposed to an individual creature.

Bihar /bɪˈhɑɹ/ /bɪˈhɑː/ /bɪˈɦɑːɾ/ pn
Biohár
A state in eastern India. Capital: Patna.

Bihari adj
Biheáiris
Of, from or pertaining to Bihar or the Biharis.

Bihari pn
Biheáiris
(uncountable) A group of Indo-Aryan languages spoken in Bihar and the surrounding states in India.

Bishkek /bɪʃˈkɛk/ pn
Bíscéic
The capital city of Kyrgyzstan.

Bithynia /bɪˈθɪni.ə/ pn
Bitín
(historical) A region, ancient kingdom, and historical province of the Roman Empire, in the northwest of Asia Minor in modern Turkey.

Black Forest pn
Foraois Dhubh
A large forest and mountain range in southwestern Germany.

Black Forest gâteau Black Forest gâteaus Black Forest gâteaux n
císte na Foraoise Duibhe
A type of gâteau consisting of a rich chocolate sponge cake topped with cream and cherries.

Black Sea pn
an Mhuir Dhubh
An inland sea bound by Southeastern Europe in the west, Eastern Europe in the north and northeast, and Turkey in the south.

Black and Tan Black and Tans n
Dúchrónach
A member of the RIC British paramilitary force, operating against Irish republicans in the War of Independence 1920/21.

Blaise pn
Blaise
A en given name.

Blarney /ˈblaːɹni/ /ˈblɑɹni/ /ˈblɑːni/ pn
Blarna
A town in County Cork, Ireland, location of Blarney Castle and the Blarney Stone (Irish grid ref W 6175).

Blarney Stone pn
Cloch na Blarnan
A stone set into the upper wall of Blarney Castle in Ireland, which if kissed is supposed to bestow the gift of the gab or blarney.

Blue Nile pn
Naoi gorm
A river originating at Lake Tana in Ethiopia and flows into the Nile at Khartoum in Sudan; one of the two major tributaries of the Nile.

Bluetooth /ˈblutuθ/ /ˈbluːtuːθ/ pn
Gormfhiacail
The nickname of Harald Gormsson, a king of Denmark and Norway.

Bob /bɑb/ /bɒb/ /bɔb/ pn
Bob
A diminutive of the en given name Robert.

Boer /boɹ/ /boʊ.ɚ/ /bɔː/ /bəʊ.ə/ /bʊə/ /bʊɹ/ Boers n
Bórach
(historical) A Dutch colonist in South Africa during the colonial era, especially a farmer.

Bohemian /boʊˈhimi.ən/ adj
Boihéamach
Of, or relating to Bohemia or its language. [from 16th c.]

Bohemian /boʊˈhimi.ən/ Bohemians n
Boihéamach
A native or resident of Bohemia. [from 16th c.]

Bohemian waxwing Bohemian waxwings n
síodeiteach Boihéamach
Any of species Bombycilla garrulus, a waxwing of northern latitudes.

Bokmål pn
Bocmál
One of the two major written standards of Norwegian, literally meaning “book language”.

Bolivia /boʊ.ˈlɪv.i.ə/ /bə.ˈlɪv.i.ə/ pn
Bolaiv An Bholaiv
A country in South America. Official name: Plurinational State of Bolivia. Capitals: La Paz and Sucre.

Bolivian /bəˈlɪv.i.ən/ adj
Bolavach
Of, from, or pertaining to Bolivia, or the Bolivian people.

Bolivian /bəˈlɪv.i.ən/ Bolivians n
Bolavach
A person from Bolivia or of Bolivian descent.

Bolshevik /ˈbol-/ /ˈboʊ̯lʃəvɪk/ /ˈbɑl-/ /ˈbɒlʃəvɪk/ /ˈbɔl-/ Bolsheviki Bolsheviks n
Boilséiveach
(historical) A Russian communist revolutionary, member of the Bolshevik Party in the 1917 Communist Revolution of Russia.
(historical) A member of the Communist Party that ruled the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Bolshevism /ˈbol-/ /ˈboʊl-/ /ˈbɑlʃəˌvɪzəm/ /ˈbɒlʃəˌvɪz(ə)m/ Bolshevisms n
Boilséiveachas
The Communist political ideology adopted by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Marxism-Leninism.

Bonaire pn
Bonaire
An island in the southern part of the Caribbean Sea off the west coast of Venezuela, a special municipality of the Netherlands.

Bonaventure Bonaventures pn
Bonaventure
A surname transferred from the given name.

Bornean adj
Boirneoch
From, or pertaining to, Borneo.

Bornean Borneans n
Boirneoch
Someone from Borneo.

Bornean clouded leopard Bornean clouded leopards n
liopard marmarach Boirneoch
A species of cat found on Borneo and Sumatra, Neofelis diardi.

Borneo /ˈbo(ː)ɹnioʊ/ /ˈboənioʊ/ /ˈbɔɹnioʊ/ /ˈbɔːni.əʊ/ pn
Boirneo
A Pacific island shared by Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia; the world’s third largest island.

Bosnia /ˈbɑz.ni.ə/ /ˈbɒz.ni.ə/ pn
Boisnia
The northern three-fourths of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a geographic and historical entity, not an administrative unit.

Bosnia and Herzegovina /-hɜɹ.t͡sɪˈɡoʊ.vɪn.ə/ /-ənd/ /ˈbɒz.ni.ə ænd ˌhɜɹ.t͡sɪ.ɡoʊˈviː.nə/ pn
an Bhoisnia agus an Heirseagaivéin an [[Boisnia-Heirseagaivéin|Bhoisnia-Heirseagaivéin]]
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Bosnia and Herzegovina. Capital and largest city: Sarajevo. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992.

Bosnian /ˈbɑːzni.ən/ /ˈbɒzni.ən/ /ˈbɔːzni.ən/ more Bosnian most Bosnian adj
Boisniach
Of or pertaining to Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Bosnian people or their culture and language.

Bosnian /ˈbɑːzni.ən/ /ˈbɒzni.ən/ /ˈbɔːzni.ən/ Bosnians n
Boisniach Boisnis
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken primarily by Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bosphorus /ˈbɑs.fɚ.əs/ /ˈbɑs.pɚ.əs/ /ˈbɒs.fəɹ.əs/ /ˈbɒs.pəɹ.əs/ pn
an Bhosparais
The narrow strait beside Istanbul, Turkey connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, the northern end of the Turkish Straits connecting the Black Sea with the Aegean and Mediterranean.

Boston /ˈbɑstən/ /ˈbɒstən/ /ˈbɔstən/ [ˈbɒːstɪn] pn
Bostún
An unincorporated community in Missouri; named for the city in Massachusetts.
Móinin na gCloigeann
A village in County Clare, Ireland.

Boston terrier Boston terriers n
brocaire Bhostúin
A medium-sized black and white dog.

Botswana /bɑːtˈswɑːnə/ /bɒtˈswɑːnə/ pn
Botsuáin An Bhotsuáin
The Republic of Botswana, since 1966

Botswanan more Botswanan most Botswanan adj
Botsuánach
Of, from, or pertaining to Botswana, the Botswanan people or the Botswanan language.

Botswanan Botswanans n
Botsuánach
A person from Botswana or of Botswanan descent.

Bouvet Island pn
Oileán Bouvet
An uninhabited volcanic island and dependent territory of Norway in the South Atlantic Ocean, south-southwest of the South African Cape of Good Hope.

Boy Scout Boy Scouts n
gasóg
A male member of the Scout Movement.

Boyne pn
Bóinn
A river in Ireland.

Boötes /boʊˈoʊtiːz/ pn
an tAoire Boötes Bóitéas
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, called the “bear-guard” or the “herdsman”. It includes the fourth-brightest star in the night sky, Arcturus.

Brahma /ˈbɹɑmə/ pn
Bráma
(Hinduism, Hindu god) Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva.

Brahman pn
Bráman
(Hinduism) The unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality which is the Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time, space, being, and everything beyond in this Universe. The nature of Brahman is described as transpersonal, personal and impersonal by different philosophical schools.

Brasília /bɹəˈziːli.ə/ pn
Brasília
A municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil.

Bratislava /ˌbɹætɨˈslɑːvə/ /ˌbɹɑːtɨˈslɑːvə/ pn
Bhratasláiv
The region of Slovakia that includes the city of Bratislava.

Bray /bɹeɪ/ pn
Bré
A coastal town in County Wicklow, Ireland.

Brazil /bɹə.ˈzɪl/ [-ˈzɪɫ] pn
Brasaíl An Bhrasaíl
A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America. Official name: Federative Republic of Brazil. Capital: Brasília.

Brazilian /bɹə.ˈzɪ.lɪ.ən/ /bɹə.ˈzɪl.jən/ adj
Brasaíleach
Of, from, or pertaining to Brazil, or the Brazilian people.

Brazilian /bɹə.ˈzɪ.lɪ.ən/ /bɹə.ˈzɪl.jən/ Brazilians n
Brasaíleach
A person from Brazil or of Brazilian descent.

Brazzaville /ˈbɹæzəvɪl/ /ˈbɹɑːzəvɪl/ pn
Brazzaville
The capital and largest city in the Republic of the Congo.

Brendan pn
Breandán Breanndán Bréanainn
A en given name.

Breton /ˈbɹɛtən/ adj
Briotánach Briotáinis
Of or pertaining to Brittany.

Breton /ˈbɹɛtən/ Bretons n
Briotánach
(countable) A person from Brittany.
Briotáinis
(uncountable) The Celtic language of Brittany.

Brexit /ˈbɹɛksɪt/ /ˈbɹɛɡzɪt/ pn
Breatimeacht Sasamach
(UK politics) Withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union.

Brian /ˈbɹaɪən/ pn
Brian
A en given name.

Bridgend pn
Ceann an Droichid
A village in County Donegal, Ireland, across the border from Derry, Co. Londonderry.

Bridget /ˈbɹɪd͡ʒɪt/ pn
Bríd Brighid
A en given name.

Bristol /ˈbɹɪstəl/ pn
Briostó
A city, ceremonial county, and unitary authority in southwest England bordering Gloucestershire, Somerset and The River Severn.

Bristol Channel pn
Caol Bhriostó
An inlet of the Atlantic Ocean between South Wales and England; an extension of the estuary of the River Severn

Britain /ˈbɹɪt.ən/ [ˈbɹɪt.n̩] [ˈbɹɪɾ.ᵊn̩] [ˈbɹɪʔ.ᵊn̩] Britains pn
an Bhreatain
England, Scotland and Wales in combination.

British /ˈbɹɪtɪʃ/ [ˈbɹɪɾɪʃ] [ˈbɹɪʔɪʃ] more British most British adj
Briotanach
(historical) Of the ancient inhabitants of the southern part of Britain; Brythonic.

British Columbia /ˈbɹɪt.ɪʃ kə.ˈlʌm.bi.ə/ pn
Colóim Bhriotanach An Cholóim Bhriotanach
Province in western Canada which has Victoria as its capital.

British Empire pn
Impireacht na Breataine
(chiefly, _, historical) The United Kingdom and its overseas dependencies and colonies.

British Indian Ocean Territory pn
Críoch Aigéan Indiach na Breataine
An archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the middle of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Indonesia; created in 1965; currently used as a joint US/UK military base.

British Isles /ˌbɹɪ.tɪʃ ˈaɪlz/ pn
Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór
An archipelago in Northern Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, Anglesey, the Isle of Man, the Isle of Wight, the Hebrides, the Shetland Islands, the Orkney Islands, the Isles of Scilly, the Channel Islands and many smaller islands.

British Sign Language pn
Teanga Chomharthaíochta na Breataine
A language that uses hands, facial expressions, and other bodily behaviour to communicate both concrete and abstract ideas; some signs are based on English words, but BSL syntax and grammar are not based on English.

British Virgin Islands pn
Oileáin Bhriotanacha na Maighdean
An archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean.

British thermal unit British thermal units n
teasaonad Briotanach
The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at a particular temperature (there are several different precise definitions) and a pressure of one atmosphere.

Brittany /ˈbɹɪ.tə.ni/ pn
Briotáin
An administrative region, historical province, and peninsula in northwest France. [from 15th c.]

Bronze Age pn
Cré-umhaois
(archaeology) A period in a civilization's development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze.
(mythology) One of the Classical Ages of Man, associated with warfare.

Brownie /ˈbɹaʊni/ Brownies n
Brigín Brídín Donnóg
(Britain, Canada, Australia) A junior Girl Guide.
(US) A junior Girl Scout.

Brunei /bɹuːˈnaɪ/ pn
Brúiné Brúiné Darasalám
A country in Southeast Asia. Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan.

Brussels /ˈbɹʌsəlz/ pn
Bruiséil an Bhruiséil
The capital city of Belgium.

Brussels sprout Brussels sprouts n
bachlóg Bhruiséile bachlóg
(chiefly, in the plural) The green vegetable Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera, a cabbage variety native to Belgium.

Brythonic /bɹɪˈθɒnɪk/ pn
Briotainis
A Celtic language.

Bucharest /ˌb(j)uːkəˈɹɛst/ pn
Búcairist
The capital city of Romania.

Buckingham Palace pn
Pálás Buckingham
The official London residence of the British monarch.

Budapest /ˈbjuːdəpɛst/ /ˈbuːdəpɛst/ /ˈbʊdəpɛst/ /ˌbjuːdəˈpɛst/ /ˌbuːdəˈpɛst/ pn
Búdaipeist
The capital and the most populous city of Hungary.

Buddha /ˈbudə/ /ˈbʊdə/ /ˈbʊdːʰə/ [ˈbʊdːʱə] pn
Búda
Siddhartha Gautama, the Nepali prince and Indian philosopher and teacher who founded Buddhism.

Buddha-nature Buddha-natures n
Nádúr an Bhúda
(Buddhism) The potential of achieving the nature of the Buddha through study and religious practice.

Buddhism /ˈbu.dɪ.zəm/ /ˈbʊ.dɪ.zəm/ Buddhisms n
Búdachas
The religion or philosophy derived from the teachings of Gautama Buddha.

Buddhist /ˈbudɪst/ /ˈbʊdɪst/ more Buddhist most Buddhist adj
Búdaíoch
Of, relating to, or practicing Buddhism.

Buddhist /ˈbudɪst/ /ˈbʊdɪst/ Buddhists n
Búdaí
A practitioner of the religion and philosophy of Buddhism.
A follower of the Indian religious and spiritual teacher, Buddha.

Buginese pn
Buiginis
A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in parts of Sulawesi, Indonesia

Bulgaria /bʊlˈɡɛɹ.i.ə/ /bʌlˈɡɛə.ɹi.ə/ /bʌlˈɡɛɹ.i.ə/ pn
Bulgáir Poblacht na Bulgáire
A country in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Bulgaria. Capital and largest city: Sofia.

Bulgarian /bʊlˈɡɑɹi.ən/ /bʊlˈɡɛɹi.ən/ /bʌlˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/ /bʌlˈɡɛɹi.ən/ more Bulgarian most Bulgarian adj
Bulgárach Bulgáiris
Relating to Bulgaria, its people, or the Bulgarian language.

Bulgarian /bʊlˈɡɑɹi.ən/ /bʊlˈɡɛɹi.ən/ /bʌlˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/ /bʌlˈɡɛɹi.ən/ Bulgarians n
Bulgárach
(countable) A native of Bulgaria.
Bulgáiris
(uncountable) The official language of Bulgaria.

Bunsen burner Bunsen burners n
dóire Bunsen
(science) A small laboratory gas burner whose air supply may be controlled with an adjustable hole.

Burgas pn
Burgas
A city in eastern Bulgaria.

Burgundian /bɜːɹˈɡʌndɪən/ /bɜːˈɡʌndɪən/ adj
Burgúnach
Pertaining to Burgundy, its people or its language.

Burgundian /bɜːɹˈɡʌndɪən/ /bɜːˈɡʌndɪən/ Burgundians n
Burgúnach
A native or inhabitant of Burgundy, or a person descended from natives of Burgundy.

Burgundy /ˈbɜːɡəndi/ /ˈbɝːɡəndi/ Burgundies n
burgúin fíon Burgúine
A variety of red wine from this region.

Burgundy /ˈbɜːɡəndi/ /ˈbɝːɡəndi/ pn
Burgúin
A region and former administrative region of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

Burkina Faso /bəɹˈkiːnə ˈfɑsoʊ/ pn
Buircíne Fasó
A country in West Africa, formerly Upper Volta. Official name: Burkina Faso.

Burma /ˈbɜːmə/ /ˈbɝmə/ pn
Burma
A country in Southeast Asia. Official name: Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Capital: Naypyidaw. Officially known as Myanmar.

Burmese /bɜːˈmiːz/ /bɝˈmiz/ adj
Burmach as Maenmar ó Mhaenmar
Of or relating to Burma (Myanmar) or its people or language.

Burmese /bɜːˈmiːz/ /bɝˈmiz/ Burmese n
duine as Maenmar Burmach
A person from Myanmar or of Burmese descent.

Burmese /bɜːˈmiːz/ /bɝˈmiz/ pn
Burmais
The script in which the Burmese language is written.

Buru babirusa Buru babirusas n
babarúsa Buru
Babyrousa babyrussa, a pig-like animal native to Buru and the Sula Islands in Indonesia.

Burundi /bʊˈɹʊndi/ pn
Burúin An Bhurúin
A country in East Africa. Official name: Republic of Burundi.

Burundian more Burundian most Burundian adj
Burúnach
Of, from, or pertaining to Burundi, the Burundian people.

Burundian Burundians n
Burúnach
A person from Burundi or of Burundian descent.

Burushaski pn
Buraiseascais

Buryat pn
Buiriatais
A Mongolic language spoken around Buryatia.

Buryatia pn
Buiriáit
A republic of Russia. Capital: Ulan-Ude. The republic borders to Mongolia in the south and the lake of Baikal in the west.

Bushman Bushmen n
Buiseach
A person who lives in the bush, especially a member of a community or ethnic group who lives in the bush.

Byelorussian SSR /ˌbjɛləˈrʌʃən/ pn
PSS na Bealarúise
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, the name for Bolshevik Belarus which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union (1919–1991).

Byzantine /baɪˈzæntaɪn/ /bɪˈzæntaɪn/ /ˈbɪzəntaɪn/ /ˈbɪzəntiːn/ more Byzantine most Byzantine adj
Biosántach
Of or pertaining to Byzantium.
(history) Belonging to the civilization of the Eastern Roman Empire between 331, when its capital was moved to Constantinople, and 1453, when that capital was conquered by the Turks and ultimately renamed Istanbul.

Byzantine /baɪˈzæntaɪn/ /bɪˈzæntaɪn/ /ˈbɪzəntaɪn/ /ˈbɪzəntiːn/ Byzantines n
Biosántach
(historical) A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire

Byzantine Empire /ˈbɪzəntiːn ˈɛmpaɪə(ɹ)/ pn
Impireacht Bhiosántach
(historical) The predominantly Greek-speaking continuation of the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages with its capital city being Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), originally known as Byzantium, which fell in 1453.

Byzantine Greek pn
Gréigis Byzantine
Collectively, the continuum of forms of the Greek language as written and spoken during the time of the Byzantine Empire (C.E. 330–1453), preceded by Koine Greek and Early Medieval Greek and succeeded by Late Medieval Greek to Modern Greek. (ISO 639-3 code: grc shared with Classical Greek.)

Byzantium /bɪˈzænti.əm/ pn
Biosáintiam
An ancient Greek city situated on the Bosporus in modern Turkey, named Constantinople in 330 C.E.; modern Istanbul.

CD player CD players n
seinnteoir CDanna
(consumer electronics) An electronic device that plays compact discs.

CJK pn
SSC
Initialism of Chinese, Japanese, Korean (languages typically grouped because they all use writing systems derived from Chinese characters)

Caelum /ˈsiːləm/ pn
Siséal
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a chisel.

Caesar /ˈsizəɹ/ /ˈsiːzə/ Caesares Caesars pn
Caesar
An ancient Roman family name, notably that of Julius Caesar.

Caesar salad Caesar salads n
sailéad chaesair
(gastronomy, countable, and, uncountable) A type of salad, generally made from romaine lettuce, croutons, parmesan cheese, coddled or hard-boiled eggs, fresh-ground black pepper and Worcestershire sauce.
A serving of such salad.

Caesarean section Caesarean sections n
gearradh Caesarach
Delivery of a baby through an incision in the womb.

Cain /keɪn/ [kʰeɪn] pn
Cáin
(biblical character) The son of Adam and Eve who killed his brother Abel.

Cairo /keɪɹoʊ/ /kɛɹoʊ/ /ˈkaɪɹoʊ/ pn
Caireo
The capital city of Egypt.
A governorate of Egypt, containing the capital city.

Caledonia /kælɪˈdəʊnɪə/ pn
Caladóin
A place named after the Latin name of Scotland.

California /-njə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfoɹ.ni.ə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfoɹ.njə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfɔɹ.njə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfɔː.ni.ə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfɔː.njə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfɔː.nɪ.ə/ [ˌkʰæl.ɪˈfo̞ɹ.njə] Californias pn
Calafóirn
The most populous state of the United States. Capital: Sacramento. Largest city: Los Angeles.

Calvary /ˈkælvəɹi/ pn
Calvaire
The hill outside Jerusalem which is traditionally held to be the location of the crucifixion of Jesus.

Cambodia [kæmˈboʊdi.ə] pn
Cambóid An Chambóid
A country in Southeast Asia. Official name: Kingdom of Cambodia. Capital: Phnom Penh. Former name: Kampuchea.

Cambodian adj
Cambódach
of, from, or pertaining to Cambodia, the Cambodian people, or the Khmer language

Cambodian Cambodians n
Cambódach
(countable) a person from Cambodia or of Cambodian descent

Cambrian /ˈkam.bɹɪ.ən/ /ˈkeɪm.bɹi.ən/ /ˈkæm.bɹi.ən/ more Cambrian most Cambrian adj
Caimbriach
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises lower, middle and Furongian epochs from about 542 to 490 million years ago.

Camelopardalis pn
Sioráf
(constellation) A faint circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a giraffe.

Cameroon /kæməˈɹuːn/ pn
Camarún
A country in Central Africa. Official name: Republic of Cameroon. Capital: Yaoundé. It also claims Ambazonia.

Canaan Dog Canaan Dogs n
Madra Chanán
A herding dog native to Israel.

Canada /ˈkænədə/ [kʰeənədə] [kʰɛəɾ̃əɾə] Canadas pn
Ceanada
A country in North America.

Canada goose Canada geese n
gé Cheanadach
A large goose, Branta canadensis.

Canada lynx Canada lynxes n
lincse Cheanadach
A species of lynx, Lynx canadensis.

Canadian /kə.ˈneɪ.di.ən/ [kʰə.ˈneɪ.ɾi.ən] more Canadian most Canadian adj
Ceanadach
Of, belonging to, or relating to Canada, its culture, or people.

Canadian /kə.ˈneɪ.di.ən/ [kʰə.ˈneɪ.ɾi.ən] Canadians n
Ceanadach
A native or inhabitant of Canada.
(sports, informal) Canadian national championship.
(sports) canoe (short for Canadian canoe, as opposed to kayak)

Canadian dollar Canadian dollars n
dollar Cheanada
The official currency of Canada.

Canary Islands /kəˈnɛəɹi ˌaɪləndz/ pn
Oileáin Chanáracha Na hOileáin Chanáracha
An archipelago off the coast of northwestern Africa, near Morocco and belonging to Spain as an autonomous community.

Cancer /ˈkænsə/ /ˈkænsɚ/ pn
Portán an Portán
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a crab.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the crab, ruled by the Moon and covering June 22 - July 22 (tropical astrology) or July 16 - August 15 (sidereal astrology).

Candlemas /ˈkæn.dəl.məs/ Candlemases n
Lá Fhéile Muire na gCoinneal
The festival in the Christian year celebrated on February 2nd. It commemorates the purification of the Virgin Mary and the presentation of the infant Jesus in the Temple.

Cane Corso /ˌkɑneɪ ˈkɔɹsoʊ/ /ˌkɑːneɪ ˈkɔːsəʊ/ Cane Corsos n
maistín Cane Corso
A dog of an Italian breed valued as a companion, guardian and hunter.

Canes Venatici pn
Madraí Fiaigh
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a pair of hunting dogs (Chara and Asterion) held on a leash by Boötes and following the bear Ursa Major.

Canis Major pn
Madra Mór
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dog following the hunter Orion. It includes the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius (sometimes called the Dog Star).

Canis Minor pn
Madra Beag
(constellation) A small winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dog following the hunter Orion. It is most notable for including the eighth brightest star in the night sky, Procyon.

Cantonese /kæn.təˈniz/ /kæn.təˈniːz/ Cantonese n
Cantainis
(uncountable) A dialect of the Cantonese language, spoken in Guangzhou (Canton), Hong Kong, Macau, and treated as the standard dialect of the Cantonese language.

Cape Breton Island /ˈkeɪp ˈbɹɛtən ˈaɪlənd/ pn
Oileán Cheap Bhreatainn
An island on the Atlantic coast of Canada, part of the province of Nova Scotia.

Cape Town /ˈkeɪp ˌtaʊn/ pn
Baile na Rinne
The legislative capital of South Africa.

Cape Verde /keɪp ˈvɝd/ /keɪp ˈvɝdi/ pn
Rinn Verde
An archipelago and country in West Africa. Official name: Republic of Cabo Verde.

Cape Verdean adj
as Rinn Verde ó Rinn Verde
Of, from, or pertaining to Cape Verde, the Cape Verdean people or the Cape Verdean language.

Cape Verdean Cape Verdeans n
duine as Rinn Verde
A person from Cape Verde or of Cape Verdean descent.

Capitol pn
an Caipeatól
The building in Washington, D.C., in which both houses of the Congress of the United States meet.

Cappadocia /-ˈdoʊkiə/ /kæpəˈdoʊʃə/ pn
Capadóic
An ancient region in central Asia Minor, in present-day Turkey.

Capricorn /ˈkæp.ɹɪˌkɔɹn/ /ˈkæp.ɹɪˌkɔːn/ pn
an Gabhar
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the goat, ruled by Saturn and covering December 22 – January 20 (tropical astrology) or January 15 – February 14 (sidereal astrology).

Capricornus /ˌkæpɹɪˈkɔːnəs/ /ˌkæpɹɪˈkɔːɹnəs/ pn
Gabhar an Gabhar
(constellation) a constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a goat

Cardiff /ˈkɑɹdɪf/ /ˈkɑːdɪf/ pn
Caerdydd
A city and county, the capital and largest city of Wales.

Caria pn
Cairia
A historical region in the southwest corner of Asia Minor.

Carib /ˈkæɹɪb/ Carib Caribs n
Cairibigh
A member of the Garifuna people of Honduras, historically known as Black Caribs, descendants of mixed Kalinago people and Africans who were deported to the Central American mainland in the 18th century.
A member of the Kalinago people of the Lesser Antilles, an Arawakan people who took heavy cultural influence from the mainland Caribs and so were formerly known as Island Caribs.

Carib /ˈkæɹɪb/ pn
Cairibis
The Kalinago or Island Carib language, an unrelated Arawakan language.
The Kari'na or Carib language proper, a Cariban language.

Caribbean Sea pn
Muir Chairib
A tropical sea in the Western Hemisphere, part of the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of the Gulf of Mexico.

Carina pn
Cíle
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the keel of a ship. It contains the star Canopus, the second brightest star in the night sky. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.

Carlisle /kɑːɹˈlaɪl/ pn
Cathair Luail
A community of North Middlesex municipality, Ontario.
An unincorporated community in Trinity County, Texas.

Carlow /ˈkɑː(ɹ)ləʊ/ pn
Ceatharlach Contae Cheatharlach
A county of Ireland.
Ceatharlach
A town in County Carlow, Ireland (Irish grid ref S 7276).

Carolingian /ˌkæɹ.əˈlɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ /ˌkɛɹ.əˈlɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ more Carolingian most Carolingian adj
Cairilínseach
Of or pertaining to the dynasty that ruled parts of western Europe from the 7th to the 9th centuries.

Carolingian /ˌkæɹ.əˈlɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ /ˌkɛɹ.əˈlɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ Carolingians n
Cairilínseach Cairilínsigh
Any member of a Frankish noble family with its origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the seventh century.

Carpathians /kɑː(ɹ)ˈpeɪ.θi.ənz/ pn
Sléibhte Cairp
A large mountainous system in Central Europe, mainly in Transylvania (Romania) and the Polish (Silesian)-Slovak border region.

Carrauntoohil /ˌkæɹənˈtuːəl/ pn
Corrán Tuathail
A mountain in Macgillycuddy's Reeks, County Kerry, and the highest peak in Ireland.

Carrick-on-Shannon pn
Cora Droma Rúisc
A town in and the county town of County Leitrim, Ireland.

Carrickfergus /ˌkæɹɪkˈfɜː(ɹ)ɡəs/ pn
Carraig Fhearghais
A town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

Carthage /ˈkɑɹθɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑːθɪdʒ/ pn
Cartaig
(historical) An ancient city in North Africa, in modern Tunisia. [16th cent.]

Carthaginian /ˌkɑɹθəˈd͡ʒɪniən/ /ˌkɑːθəˈd͡ʒɪniən/ adj
Cartagach
Of or pertaining to Carthage.

Carthaginian /ˌkɑɹθəˈd͡ʒɪniən/ /ˌkɑːθəˈd͡ʒɪniən/ Carthaginians n
Cartagach
A native or inhabitant of Carthage.

Cashel pn
Caiseal
A town in County Tipperary, Ireland
An Caiseal
A village in County Galway, Ireland
A village in County Mayo, Ireland, officially called An Caiseal.

Caspian Sea /ˈkæspi.ən ˈsiː/ pn
Muir Chaisp
A landlocked sea (properly a saline lake) between Eastern Europe and Asia, and the Earth’s largest inland body of water.

Cassiopeia /ˌkæs.i.əˈpiː.ə/ pn
Caiseoipé
(Greek mythology) Proud wife of Cepheus and mother of Andromeda, queen of Ethiopia. When she boasted that her beauty was equal to that of the Nereids, she was punished by Poseidon.
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky representing Queen Cassiopeia from Greek myth. The constellation lies between Cepheus and Perseus and contains the stars Schedar and Caph.

Castilian /kəˈstɪljən/ adj
Caistíleach
Of, from, or relating to Castile.

Castilian /kəˈstɪljən/ Castilians n
Caistíleach
A native of Castile.

Castilian /kəˈstɪljən/ pn
Caistílis
(inexact, sometimes, _, offensive) Synonym of Spanish, the language of Spain and its former colonies.

Castlegregory /ˌkæsəlˈɡɹɛɡəɹi/ pn
Caisleán Ghriaire
A village in Dingle, in northwest County Kerry, Ireland.

Castletown pn
Baile Chaistil
A town on the Isle of Man (OS grid ref SC2667).

Castor pn
Castór
(Greek mythology) One of the Dioscuri

Catalan /ˈkæ.tə.lən/ /ˈkæ.tə.ˌlæn/ adj
Catalónach Catalóinis
Of or pertaining to Catalonia.

Catalan /ˈkæ.tə.lən/ /ˈkæ.tə.ˌlæn/ Catalans n
Catalónach Catalóinis
A native or inhabitant of Catalonia.

Catalan /ˈkæ.tə.lən/ /ˈkæ.tə.ˌlæn/ pn
Catalóinis
The Romance language of Catalonia, an autonomous region in the northeast of Spain, also spoken in the Valencian autonomous region (where the language is officially named valencià), the Balearic Islands, Andorra, Roussillon in France, and the Sardinian city of Alghero.

Catalonia /ˌkæt.əˈləʊn.i.ə/ pn
an Chatalóin
An autonomous community of Spain.

Catherine /ˈkæθ(ə)ɹɪn/ pn
Caitríona
A en given name.

Catholic /ˈkæθ(ə)lɪk/ more Catholic most Catholic adj
Caitliceach
Of the Western Christian church, as differentiated from e.g. the Orthodox church.
Of the Roman Catholic church in particular.

Catholic /ˈkæθ(ə)lɪk/ Catholics n
Caitliceach
A member of a Catholic church.

Catholic Church Catholic Churches n
Eaglais Chaitliceach
The Catholic Church, which consists of 24 particular churches in full communion with the Pope as the Bishop of Rome.
Literally "universal church", the whole body of Christendom, especially before the division into Western and Eastern churches.
Any of the independent Catholic Churches, such as the Old Catholic Church, the Polish National Catholic Church, or the Orthodox Catholic Church.
Any Christian denomination that identifies explicitly as "Catholic" based on its affirmation of the Nicene Creed, such as any of the Anglican Churches.

Catholicism /kəˈθɒlɪsɪzm/ Catholicisms n
Caitliceachas
The faiths, practices and doctrines of the Catholic Church, usually the Roman Catholic Church.

Caucasian /-ʃən/ /kɑˈkeɪ.ʒən/ /kɔˈkeɪ.ʒən/ /kɔːˈkeɪ.zɪ.ən/ /kɔːˈkeɪ.ʒən/ more Caucasian most Caucasian adj
Cugasach
Of or relating to the Caucasus region or its culture, languages, and people.

Caucasian /-ʃən/ /kɑˈkeɪ.ʒən/ /kɔˈkeɪ.ʒən/ /kɔːˈkeɪ.zɪ.ən/ /kɔːˈkeɪ.ʒən/ Caucasians n
Cugasach
A native or inhabitant of the Caucasus.

Caucasian Albania pn
an Albáin Cugasach
An ancient region and former kingdom in Western Asia, south of the Caucasus mountains, east of Armenia and west of the Caspian Sea.

Caucasus /ˈkɔːkəsəs/ pn
Sléibhte Cugais
A mountain range in Eastern Europe between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, on territory of Russia, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, which includes the ranges of Greater Caucasus and Lesser Caucasus.
réigiún Cugais
(geopolitical) A geopolitical region in Eastern Europe and Western Asia, deriving its name from the aforementioned mountains.

Cavan /ˈkævn̩/ pn
Cabhán Contae an Chabháin
A county of Ireland
A town in County Cavan, Ireland

Cayman Islands pn
Oileáin Cayman
Three islands in the Caribbean Sea constituting an overseas territory of the United Kingdom.

Cecilia /sɪˈsiːli.ə/ /sɪˈsɪli.ə/ pn
Sisile Síle
A en given name.

Celbridge /ˈsɛlbɹɪd͡ʒ/ pn
Cill Droichid
A town on the River Liffey in County Kildare, Ireland.

Celt /kɛlt/ /sɛlt/ Celts n
Ceilteach
(historical) A member of one of the ancient peoples of Western Europe called Celtae by the Romans.
A member of any of the (modern, Celtic) peoples who speak Celtic languages.

Celtiberian /ˌkɛlt.aɪˈbɪ(ə)ɹ.i.ən/ /ˌkɛlt.ɪˈbɪ(ə)ɹ.i.ən/ /ˌsɛlt.aɪˈbɪ(ə)ɹ.i.ən/ /ˌsɛlt.ɪˈbɪ(ə)ɹ.i.ən/ Celtiberians n
Ceiltibéarach
A member of a Celtic people living in the Iberian Peninsula, chiefly in what is now north central Spain, before and during the Roman Empire.

Celtic /ˈkɛltɪk/ /ˈsɛltɪk/ more Celtic most Celtic adj
Ceilteach
Of or relating to the Celts.

Celtic /ˈkɛltɪk/ /ˈsɛltɪk/ Celtics pn
Ceiltis
A branch of the Indo-European languages that was spread widely over Western and Central Europe in the pre-Christian era.

Celtic Sea pn
an Mhuir Cheilteach
A sea in British Isles, Europe, in the Atlantic The area of the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Ireland bounded by Saint George's Channel, the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay.

Centaurus /sɛnˈtɒrəs/ /sɛnˈtɔːrəs/ pn
Ceinteár
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky (and autumn of the southern sky) with the outline of a centaur. It includes the stars Alpha Centauri (Rigil Kentaurus and Toliman), Proxima Centauri, and Hadar.

Central Africa pn
Afraic Láir
A core region of the African continent which includes Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda.

Central African Republic /ˈsɛntɹəl ˈæfɹɪkən ɹɪˈpʌblɪk/ pn
Poblacht na hAfraice Láir
A country in Central Africa.

Central America /ˌsɛntɹəl əˈmɛɹɪkə/ pn
Meiriceá Láir
The part of continental North America which lies between Mexico and South America.

Central Europe /ˈsɛntɹəl ˈjʊəɹəp/ /ˈsɛntɹəl ˈjʊɹəp/ pn
Eoraip Láir
A geographic region in the center of Europe, usually including Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia and Germany.

Central European adj
Lár na hEorpa
Of, from, or pertaining to Central Europe, its people, or its culture.

Cepheid variable Cepheid variables n
réalta athraitheach Ceifide
(star) A radially pulsating (expanding and contracting) variable star with a regular period and known relationship between period and intrinsic brightness.

Cepheus /ˈsiːfi.əs/ /ˈsiːfjuːs/ pn
Ceiféas
(Greek mythology) Husband of Cassiopeia, king of Eritrea, father of Andromeda. There may be two mythical kings by this name.
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, located between Draco and Cassiopeia and representing the king Cepheus from Greek myth. It contains the star Alderamin.

Cerberus /ˈsɝbəɹəs/ pn
Ceirbearas
(Greek mythology) The giant three-headed dog who guards the entrance to Hades; and one of the many offspring of Echidna and Typhon.

Ceres /ˈsɪəɹiːz/ pn
Ceiréas
(Roman god) The Roman goddess of agriculture; equivalent to the Greek goddess Demeter.
(astronomy) A celestial body orbiting between Mars and Jupiter, the innermost dwarf planet; officially called (1) Ceres. (see usage notes)

Cetus pn
Míol Mór
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a whale. It includes the star Mira.

Ceylon /seɪˈlɑn/ /siˈlɑn/ /sɪˈlɒn/ pn
Siolóin

Chad /t͡ʃæd/ pn
Sead
A country in Central Africa. Official name: Republic of Chad.
Loch Shead
Lake Chad (a freshwater lake at the junction of Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon in Central Africa).

Chadian adj
Seadach
Of, from, or pertaining to Chad, a country in Africa.

Chadian Chadians n
Seadach
A person from Chad or of Chadian descent.

Chaldea /kælˈdi.ə/ pn
Caildé
A region in the southern portion of Babylonia, Lower Mesopotamia, lying chiefly on the right bank of the Euphrates, but commonly used to refer to the whole of the Mesopotamian plain.

Chaldean /kælˈdi.ən/ adj
Caildéach
Of or pertaining to Chaldea specifically, or ancient Babylonia in general.

Chaldean /kælˈdi.ən/ Chaldeans n
Caildéach
A native of Chaldea; a Chaldee.

Chamaeleon pn
Caimileon
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, imagined to resemble a chameleon, which lies south of the constellations Carina and Musca.

Chancellor of the Exchequer pn
Seansailéir an Státchiste
The official title held by the British cabinet minister, who is responsible for all governmental economic and financial matters, including the treasury.

Channel Islands /ˈtʃænəl ˌaɪləndz/ pn
Oileáin Mhuir nIocht
A group of islands of the Duchy of Normandy in the English Channel: Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, Herm, Brecqhou, Lihou, Jethou and Burhou.

Charlemagne /ˈʃɑɹləˌmeɪn/ /ˈʃɑːləˌmeɪn/ /ˈʃɑːɹləmeɪn/ /ˌʃɑːrləˈmeɪn/ pn
Séarlas Mór
One of the kings of the Franks from 768 to 814, crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 until his death in 814.

Charles /t͡ʃɑɹlz/ /t͡ʃɑːlz/ /t͡ʃɑ˞lz/ Charleses pn
Séarlas
A en given name.

Charles's law /ˌtʃɑːlz ˈlɔː/ pn
Dlí Charles
(physics) The law stating that the density of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its temperature at constant pressure.

Charlestown pn
Baile Chathail
A town in County Mayo, Ireland.

Charon /-ɹən/ /ˈkɛəɹɑn/ /ˈkɛəɹɒn/ /ˈkɛəɹən/ /ˈkɛːrən/ /ˈʃɛəɹɑn/ pn
Carón
(Greek mythology) The ferryman of Hades, who rowed the shades of the dead across the river Styx.

Chechen /ˈtʃɛ.tʃən/ /ˈtʃɛ.tʃɛn/ adj
Seisniach
Of or relating to the Chechen people.

Chechen /ˈtʃɛ.tʃən/ /ˈtʃɛ.tʃɛn/ Chechens n
Seisniach
A member of a Nakh people of the northern Caucasus and resident in the Russian republic of Chechnya.

Chechen /ˈtʃɛ.tʃən/ /ˈtʃɛ.tʃɛn/ pn
Seisnis
The language of the Chechens, a member of the Nakh family.

Chechnya /ˈt͡ʃɛtʃ.ni.ə/ [ˈt͡ʃɛtʃ.ɲi.ə] pn
Seisnia
A republic of the northern Caucasus of Russia. Official name: Chechen Republic. Capital: Grozny.

Cheddar cheese Cheddar cheeses n
cáis chéadair
Any similar cheese made anywhere in the world.

Chemnitz /ˈkɛmnɪts/ pn
Chemnitz
An independent city in Saxony, Germany.

Cherokee /ˈt͡ʃɛ.ɹə.ˌkiː/ pn
Seiricíoch
An indigenous North American people.
Seiricis
Their Iroquoian language, spoken in Oklahoma and North Carolina.
Seiricis siollabra Seiricíoch
A syllabary for the Cherokee language invented by Sequoyah.

Chicago /ʃəˈkɑː.ɡo/ /ʃəˈkɔː.ɡo/ /ʃɪˈkɑ.ɡoʊ/ /ʃɪˈkɑː.ɡəʊ/ /ʃɪˈkɔ.ɡoʊ/ [ʃɪˈkä(ː).ɡo] pn
Chicago Siceagó
A large city, the county seat of Cook County, in northeastern Illinois, United States, located on Lake Michigan.

Chichewa /t͡ʃɪˈt͡ʃɛwə/ pn
Siséivis
The Bantu language of the Chewa tribe belonging to the Bantu linguistic family and one of Malawi’s national tongues promoted as the country’s lingua franca.

Chihuahua /t͡ʃɪˈwaʊ(w).ə/ /t͡ʃɪˈwɑːwɑː/ Chihuahuas n
sí-abhabha
The smallest breed of dog in the world, originating in Mexico and having large erect ears.

Chile /ˈt͡ʃileɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃilɛ/ /ˈt͡ʃiː.leɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃɪl.e/ /ˈt͡ʃɪli/ pn
Sile
A country in South America. Official name: Republic of Chile. Capital and largest city: Santiago.

Chilean /t͡ʃɪˈleɪən/ /t͡ʃɪˈliːən/ /ˈt͡ʃɪli.ən/ adj
Sileach
Of, from, or pertaining to the nation or culture of Chile or its people.

Chilean /t͡ʃɪˈleɪən/ /t͡ʃɪˈliːən/ /ˈt͡ʃɪli.ən/ Chileans n
Sileach
A person from Chile or of Chilean descent.

China /ˈt͡ʃaɪnə/ [ˈt͡ʃ(ʰ)aɪ̯nə] Chinas pn
Sín Daon-Phoblacht na Síne
A nation or civilization occupying the country around the Yellow, Yangtze, and Pearl Rivers in East Asia, taken as a whole under its various dynasties.
Sín
The principal state in this country, including (historical) an empire under various dynasties and (since 1949) the People's Republic of China.

China aster China asters n
astar síneach
Callistephus chinensis, an ornamental plant native to China.

Chinatown /ˈtʃaɪnətaʊn/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪnəˌtaʊn/ Chinatowns n
ceantar Síneach
A district of a city or town (in a country other than China) in which there is a large concentration of Chinese residents and businesses.

Chinese /t͡ʃaɪˈniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪˌniz/ /ˈt͡ʃʌɪˌniz/ /ˌt͡ʃaɪˈniz/ /ˌt͡ʃʌɪˈniz/ [ˈt͡ʃəɪˌniˑz] [ˌt͡ʃəɪˈniːz] more Chinese most Chinese adj
Síneach Sínis
Of, from, or related to a language native to Han Chinese persons, often used generally of Chinese characters or particularly to refer to Standard Mandarin.

Chinese /t͡ʃaɪˈniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪˌniz/ /ˈt͡ʃʌɪˌniz/ /ˌt͡ʃaɪˈniz/ /ˌt͡ʃʌɪˈniz/ [ˈt͡ʃəɪˌniˑz] [ˌt͡ʃəɪˈniːz] Chinese Chineses n
Síneach Sínis
(countable, chiefly, in the plural) A person/people from China or of Chinese descent.

Chinese /t͡ʃaɪˈniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪˌniz/ /ˈt͡ʃʌɪˌniz/ /ˌt͡ʃaɪˈniz/ /ˌt͡ʃʌɪˈniz/ [ˈt͡ʃəɪˌniˑz] [ˌt͡ʃəɪˈniːz] pn
Sínis an-tSín
(uncountable) The branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family including Mandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese, Southern Min, and other closely related language varieties and dialects.

Chinese cabbage Chinese cabbages n
cabáiste Síneach
Any East Asian leafy vegetable related to the Western cabbage, especially subspecies or varieties of Brassica rapa.

Chinese character Chinese characters n
Hansaí carachtar Sínise
Any character used in the written form of several languages of China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam.

Chinese lantern Chinese lanterns n
laindéar Síneach
A paper lantern in bright colours used for decorative purposes, commonly painted with Chinese art and calligraphy motifs.

Chișinău /ˌkɪʃɪˈnaʊ/ pn
Císineá
A municipality, the capital city of Moldova.

Chow Chow Chow Chows n
seabha-seabha
A chow, a Chinese breed of dog.

Christ /kɹaɪst/ pn
Críost
(Christianity) A title given to Jesus of Nazareth, seen as the fulfiller of the messianic prophecy.

Christadelphian adj
Críostadélfiach
Pertaining to the Christadelphians.

Christadelphian Christadelphians n
Críostadélfiach
A member of a particular nontrinitarian Christian denomination founded in the mid-19th century.

Christendom /ˈkɹɪsn̩dəm/ Christendoms n
Críostaíocht An Domhan Críostaí
The Christian world; Christ's Church on Earth. [from 14th c.]

Christian /ˈkɹɪstiən/ /ˈkɹɪst͡ʃən/ /ˈkɹɪʃt͡ʃən/ more Christian most Christian adj
Críostaí Críostúil
(not comparable) Of, like or relating to Christianity or Christians.
Críostúil
Kind, charitable; moral; a term of approbation.

Christian /ˈkɹɪstiən/ /ˈkɹɪst͡ʃən/ /ˈkɹɪʃt͡ʃən/ Christians n
Críostaí
(obsolete, England) A European, especially though not necessarily of the Christian religion.

Christian name Christian names n
ainm baiste
(Christianity) A first name formally given to a child at a Christian baptism.

Christianity /ˌkɹɪstiˈænɪti/ /ˌkɹɪst͡ʃiˈænɪti/ Christianities pn
Críostaíocht Críostúlacht
An Abrahamic religion originating from the community of the followers of Jesus Christ.

Christianize v
críostaigh
(transitive) To cause to convert to Christianity.

Christmas /ˈkɹɪsməs/ Christmases Christmasses pn
Nollaig
(originally, Christianity) A festival or holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ and incorporating various Christian, pre-Christian, pagan, and secular customs, which in Western Christianity is celebrated on December 25 (Christmas Day) in most places.

Christmas Day Christmas Days n
Nollaig
The day on which Christmas is celebrated. It is December 25 in the West, and January 7 in some Eastern Orthodox churches.

Christmas Eve Christmas Eves pn
Oíche Nollag Óiche Nollag
The evening before Christmas Day.
The day before Christmas Day.

Christmas Island pn
Oileán na Nollag
A non-self-governing territory of Australia, located in the Indian Ocean.

Christmas card Christmas cards n
cárta Nollag
A greeting card that is decorated in a manner that celebrates Christmas.

Christmas pudding Christmas puddings n
maróg Nollag
A rich dessert traditionally eaten at Christmas, made from dried fruit and nuts.

Christmas tree /ˈkɹɪsməs tɹiː/ Christmas trees n
crann Nollag
A conifer used during the Christmas holiday season, typically decorated with lights and ornaments and often a star or angel at its tip.

Christopher /ˈkɹɪs.tə.fɚ/ pn
Críostóir
A en given name.
A surname originating as a patronymic.

Chronicles pn
Leabhair na gCroinicí
(book of the bible) A book of the Jewish Tanakh, divided into two Books of Chronicles in the Christian Bible.

Chronos pn
Cronas
(Greek god) The personification of time.

Church of England pn
Eaglais Shasana
The English branch of the Christian Church; (since the 16th century) specifically the established Protestant church in England which is the mother church of the Anglican Communion.

Church of Ireland pn
Eaglais na hÉireann
The Anglican church body active in Ireland (both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland).

Church of Scotland pn
Eaglais na hAlban
The national Presbyterian church of Scotland.

Chuvash /t͡ʃʊˈvɑːʃ/ Chuvashes n
Suvaiseach
Someone from, or pertaining to Chuvashia

Chuvash /t͡ʃʊˈvɑːʃ/ pn
Suvaisis
An agglutinative language of the Bolgar branch of the Turkic language family and is spoken west of the Ural mountains in central Russia. Chuvash is the native language of the Chuvash people and an official language of Chuvashia. It is spoken by about two million people.

Chuvashia /t͡ʃuːˈvɑːʃɪə/ pn
an tSuvais
A republic of Russia. Capital: Cheboksary.

Cilicia /sɪˈlɪsɪə/ /sɪˈlɪʃə/ pn
Cilic
(historical) An ancient region in southeastern Asia Minor, famed for cilice — haircloth made from the hair of Cilician goats

Cinderella /ˌsɪndəˈɹɛlə/ Cinderellas pn
Luaithríona
A popular fairy tale embodying a classic folk tale myth-element of unjust oppression and triumphant reward.
The main character in this story, a mistreated and impoverished girl.

Circinus pn
Compás
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern winter sky, said to resemble a compass. It lies between the constellations of Centaurus and Triangulum Australe.

Cistercian Cistercians n
Cistéirseach
A member of a monastic order which follows the Benedictine rule and emphasizes silent contemplative prayer.

Clare /klɛə(ɹ)/ /klɛɹ/ pn
Contae an Chláir
A city mostly in Clare County, Michigan; after its county and County Clare.

Claremorris pn
Clár Chlainne Mhuiris
A town in County Mayo, Ireland.

Classical Greek n
Gréigis Chlasaiceach
The form of the Ancient Greek language used during the classical period of Greek literature: approximately 600 to 300 BCE.

Claíomh Solais pn
Claíomh Solais
(Irish mythology) The "Sword of Light", one of the Four Treasures of the Tuatha Dé Danann which belonged to Núadu.

Clifton /ˈklɪftən/ Cliftons pn
Clochán
A town on Union Island, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

Cloughaneely /ˌklɑkəˈniːli/ /ˌklɒkəˈniːli/ pn
Cloich Cheann Fhaola
A district of County Donegal, Ireland

Clumber spaniel Clumber spaniels n
spáinnéar Clumber
A spaniel of a British breed, with short legs and stout body, which, unlike other spaniels, hunts silently.

Colchis pn
Colcas
(historical) An ancient region and kingdom on the coast of the Black Sea, corresponding to what is now western Georgia.

Cold War /ˌkoʊld ˈwɔɹ/ /ˌkəʊld ˈwɔː/ pn
Cogadh Fuar
(historical) The period of hostility short of open war between the Soviet Bloc and the Western powers, especially the United States, between 1945 and 1991.

Coleraine /koʊlˈɹeɪn/ pn
Cúil Raithin
A town in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland.

Colman pn
Colmán
A en given name.

Colombia /kəˈlʌm.bi.ə/ pn
Colóim Cholóim
A country in South America. Official name: Republic of Colombia. Capital: Bogotá.

Colombian /kəˈlʌmbiən/ adj
Colómach
Of, from or relating to Colombia.

Colombian /kəˈlʌmbiən/ Colombians n
Colómach
A native or inhabitant of Colombia.
A native or inhabitant of Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Colombo /kəˈlɒm.bəʊ/ /kəˈlʌm.bəʊ/ /ˈkɒl.əm.bəʊ/ pn
Colombo
The commercial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka.

Colorado /kɑləˈɹædoʊ/ /kɑləˈɹɑdoʊ/ /kɒləˈɹeɪdoʊ/ /kɒləˈɹɑːdəʊ/ pn
Colaradó
A state in the western United States, the 38th state. Capital and largest city: Denver.

Colosseum pn
Colasaem
The largest stadium in the Roman empire, located near the center of Rome.

Colossian adj
Colasaech
Of, from, or pertaining to, Colossae

Colossian Colossians n
Colasaech
Someone from Colossae

Colossians pn
Colasaeigh Litir Naomh Pól chuig na Colasaeigh
(biblical) The twelfth book of the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Colossae which is attributed to Paul the Apostle.

Columba /kəˈlʌm.bə/ /ˈkɑ.ləm.bə/ /ˈkɒ.ləm.bə/ pn
Colm Cille
Saint Columba of Iona, one of the Gaelic missionary monks who reintroduced Christianity to Scotland during the Dark Ages.
Any of three other Christian saints who bore the name Columba.
Colm
(constellation) A small winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dove.

Coma Berenices pn
Folt Bheirnicé
(constellation) A small dim summer constellation of the northern sky, said to represent an offering of hair from Queen Berenice II of Egypt. Originally considered to represent the tuft of hair on the end of Leo's tail.

Common Market pn
Cómhargadh
(dated, or, historical) European Economic Community (A European trade group).

Commonwealth of Australia /ˈkɒmənˌwelθ əv ɒˈstreɪljə/ pn
Comhlathas na hAstráile
The formal and full name of the country Australia.

Commonwealth of Dominica pn
Comhlathas Dhoiminice
The official name of the state of Dominica.

Commonwealth of Independent States pn
Comhlathas na Stát Neamhspleách
An alliance and confederation of nine former Soviet republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan formed as a successor to the Soviet Union.

Commonwealth of Nations pn
Comhlathas Comhlathas Briotanach Comhlathas Briotanach na Náisiún
An association of independent, sovereign states most of which formerly constituted the British Empire.

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico pn
Comhlathas Phórtó Ríce

Comoros /ˈkɒm.ə.ɹoʊz/ pn
Oileáin Chomóra
A country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa. Official name: Union of the Comoros.

Conakry /ˈkɑːnəkɹiː/ /ˌkɒnəˈkɹiː/ pn
Conacraí
The capital city of Guinea.

Conan /ˈkoʊnən/ /ˈkəʉnən/ /ˈkəʊnən/ pn
Conán
A en given name

Confucius /kənˈfju.ʃəs/ pn
Confúicias
An influential Chinese philosopher who lived 551 B.C.E. – 479 B.C.E.; personal name Kong Qiu (孔丘).

Congo /ˈkɑŋɡoʊ/ /ˈkɒŋɡəʊ/ /ˈkɔŋɡoʊ/ pn
Congó Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, larger and to the east of the Republic of the Congo; official name: Democratic Republic of the Congo; capital: Kinshasa).
Congó Poblacht an Chongó
Congo, Republic of the Congo (a country in Central Africa, smaller and to the west of the Democratic Republic of the Congo; official name: Republic of the Congo; capital: Brazzaville).
Congó
A large river in Africa which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Connacht /ˈkɒ.nɔːt/ /ˈkɒ.nəxt/ pn
Connachta Cúige Chonnacht
The western province of Ireland, inclusive of the counties Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon, and Sligo.

Connemara /ˌkɑnəˈmɑɹə/ /ˌkɒnɪˈmɑːɹə/ pn
Conamara
A mountainous district of western County Galway, Ireland.

Connor /ˈkɒnə(ɹ)/ pn
Conchobhar Conchúr
A en given name.

Conservative Judaism pn
Giúdachas Coimeádach
A moderate stream of Liberal Judaism centered in North America that theoretically maintains Jewish tradition and law, but provides for a more flexible interpretation of it than Orthodox Judaism, in keeping with an evolving world and society.

Constantine /ˈkɑns.tənˌtiːn/ /ˈkɒns.tənˌtaɪn/ pn
Constaintín
A en given name.

Constantinople /ˌkɑn.stæn.tɪˈnoʊ.pəl/ /ˌkɒn.stæn.tɪˈnəʊ.pəl/ pn
Cathair Chonstaintín
Name of present-day Istanbul from 330–1930 C.E.. Previously known as Byzantium.

Conté /ˈkɑnteɪ/ /ˈkɒnteɪ/ Contés n
crián cointé
(art) A drawing medium, usually square in cross-section, composed of compressed powdered charcoal or graphite mixed with a clay or wax base. [from mid 19th c.]

Cook Islands /ˈkʊk ˈaɪ̯.ləndz/ pn
Oileáin Cook
An archipelago and self-governing country in Oceania, in free association with New Zealand.

Copenhagen /ˈkoʊpənˌheɪɡən/ /ˈkoʊpənˌhɑɡən/ /ˌkəʊpənˈheɪɡən/ /ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːɡən/ pn
Cóbanhávan
The capital city of Denmark.

Copt /kɑpt/ /kɒpt/ Copts n
Coptach
A member of the Coptic Church.

Coptic /ˈkɑp.tɪk/ /ˈkɒp.tɪk/ adj
Coptais Coptach
Of or pertaining to the Copts, the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria or to the Coptic language.

Coptic /ˈkɑp.tɪk/ /ˈkɒp.tɪk/ n
Coptais
The Afroasiatic language traditionally spoken by the Copts in Egypt, now extinct and used only as a liturgical language.

Coral Sea /ˈkɒɹəl ˈsiː/ pn
an Mhuir Choiréil
A marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean off the north-east coast of Australia.

Corfu /ˈkɔɹ.fjuː/ /ˈkɔɹ.fuː/ pn
Corfú
An island in Greece, one of the Ionian Islands. The ancient name is Corcyra (Κόρκυρα), in Modern Greek Kérkira (Κέρκυρα).

Corinth /ˈkɒɹ.ɪnθ/ /ˈkɔɹ.ɪnθ/ pn
Coraint
A port city in Greece.

Corinthian /kəˈɹɪnθiən/ more Corinthian most Corinthian adj
Corantach
Of or relating to Corinth.
(architecture) Of the Corinthian Greek order.

Corinthian /kəˈɹɪnθiən/ Corinthians n
Corantach
An inhabitant or a resident of Corinth, and its suburbs.
An inhabitant, a resident of; a thing that originates from Corinthia

Corinthians pn
Corantaigh
(biblical) Either of the two books in the New Testament of the Bible that are written as epistles to the people of Corinth and which are attributed to Paul the Apostle, Sosthenes and Timothy.

Cork pn
Corcaigh Cathair Chorcaí
The principal city of County Cork, Ireland.
Corcaigh Contae Chorcaí
A county in the Republic of Ireland (County Cork).

Cormac pn
Cormac
A en given name.

Cornish /ˈkɔːnɪʃ/ /ˈkɔːɹnɪʃ/ adj
Cornach
Of or pertaining to Cornwall, a county of southwest England.
Native to Cornwall.
Coirnise
Of or pertaining to the Cornish language.

Cornish /ˈkɔːnɪʃ/ /ˈkɔːɹnɪʃ/ pn
Coirnis
The Celtic language of Cornwall, related to Welsh and Breton.

Cornish pasty Cornish pasties n
pastae Cornach
A kind of meat pie, not made in a pie pan but with a large piece of folded-over pastry dough, crimped shut, then baked on a sheet. There is no one standard recipe, but it usually includes meat and vegetables in a thick hearty sauce.

Cornwall /ˈkɔɹn.wɑl/<a:cot-caught> /ˈkɔɹn.wɔl/ /ˈkɔː(ɹ)n.wəl/ pn
Corn na Breataine
The country of the Cornish, currently having the status of a royal duchy in England belonging to the male heir apparent to the reigning monarch, and consisting at least of the Cornwall County and the Isles of Scilly.
The westernmost of the three historical counties of Jamaica, bordered by the county of Middlesex in the east; named for the English county.

Corona Australis pn
Coróin an Deiscirt
(constellation) A small summer constellation of the northern sky said to resemble a crown.

Corona Borealis pn
Coróin an Tuaiscirt
(constellation) A small constellation said to resemble a crown.

Corpus Christi pn
Déardaoin Chorp Chríost
(Christianity) A feast day in honor of the Eucharist, observed by Roman Catholics and high-church Anglicans on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.

Corsica /ˈkɔɹsɪkə/ /ˈkɔːsɪkə/ pn
Corsaic
An island, department, and administrative region of France, in the Mediterranean to the north of Sardinia.

Corsican /ˈkɔɹsəkən/ /ˈkɔː(ɹ)sɪkən/ more Corsican most Corsican adj
Corsacach
of, from, or pertaining to Corsica, the Corsican people or the Corsican language

Corsican /ˈkɔɹsəkən/ /ˈkɔː(ɹ)sɪkən/ Corsicans n
Corsacach
a person from Corsica or of Corsican descent

Corsican /ˈkɔɹsəkən/ /ˈkɔː(ɹ)sɪkən/ pn
Chorsaicis Corsaicis
the language of the Corsican people

Corvus pn
Préachán
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky south of the constellation Virgo, said to resemble a crow.

Costa Rica /ˌkoʊ.stə ˈɹi.kə/ /ˌkɑ.stə ˈɹi.kə/ /ˌkɒs.tə ˈɹiː.kə/ pn
Cósta Ríce
A country in Central America. Official name: Republic of Costa Rica.

Costa Rican adj
Cósta Ríceach
Of, from, or pertaining to Costa Rica.

Costa Rican Costa Ricans n
Cósta Ríceach
A person from Costa Rica or of Costa Rican descent.

Cowper's gland Cowper's glands n
faireog Cowper
The bulbourethral gland.

Crab Nebula pn
Réaltnéal an Phortáin

Cracow /ˈkɹækaʊ/ /ˈkɹækoʊ/ /ˈkɹɑkaʊ/ /ˈkɹɑkoʊ/ pn
Kraków
A city in southern Poland, situated on the Vistula river, and the country's former capital.

Crater pn
Cupán
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a cup. It lies between the constellations Virgo and Hydra.

Cree /kɹiː/ Cree Crees n
Craíoch

Cree /kɹiː/ pn
Craíoch
An aboriginal nation of North America.
Craís
The Algonquian language or dialect continuum spoken by this people.

Creek pn
Créicis
The Muskogean language of the Creek tribe.

Cretan /ˈkɹiːtən/ adj
Créatach
Of or relating to Crete or its inhabitants.

Cretan /ˈkɹiːtən/ Cretans n
Créatach
An inhabitant or a resident of Crete.

Crete /ˈkɹiːt/ pn
Créit
An island in the Mediterranean, and the largest in Greece.

Crimea /kɹaɪˈmiːə/ /kɹaɪˈmɪə/ pn
Crimé an Chrimé
Synonym of Crimean peninsula: A peninsula in the Black Sea, Europe, officially part of Ukraine, annexed by Russia. A peninsula which juts southwards out of the Ukrainian mainland (to which it is connected by the Isthmus of Perekop) into the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, separating the Sea of Azov from the Black Sea.
(historical) Synonym of Crimean Khanate: A historical country in Crimean Peninsula, Europe. The Crimean Khanate, which for much of its history controlled most of the Crimean peninsula and various adjacent areas of the mainland.

Croatia /-ʃi.ə/ /ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃə/ /ˌkɹəʊˈeɪ.ʃə/ pn
Cróit Chróit
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Croatia. Capital and largest city: Zagreb. Part of Yugoslavia until 1991.

Croatian /ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɹəʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ more Croatian most Croatian adj
Crótach Cróitis
of or pertaining to Croatia, the Croatian people or their language

Croatian /ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɹəʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ Croatians n
Crótach
An inhabitant of Croatia, or a person of Croatian descent.

Croatian /ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɹəʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ pn
Cróitis
A standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Croats.

Crown Jewels pn
Na Seoda
The historic royal regalia of a state.

Crux /kɹʌks/ pn
Cros Cros an Deiscirt
(constellation) A distinctive winter constellation of the southern sky, shaped like a cross. It appears in the flags of several countries in Oceania.

Cthulhu /kəˈtuːluː/ /kəˈθuːluː/ pn
Cuitiliú
A gigantic fictional humanoid alien god being described with a head resembling an octopus and dragon wings and claws, around whom an insane cult developed.

Cuba /ˈkjuːbə/ [ˈkjuː.bə] [ˈkjʉː.bə] pn
Cúba
A country, and the largest island (based on land area) in the Caribbean. Capital and largest city: Havana.

Cubist /ˈkjubəst/ /ˈkjuːbɪst/ adj
ciúbaíoch
Of, or pertaining to cubism.

Cubist /ˈkjubəst/ /ˈkjuːbɪst/ Cubists n
ciúbaí
(arts) An artist who works in the style of cubism.

Curonian adj
Cúróinis Cúrónach
Of, from, or pertaining to Courland

Cyclades /saɪkleɪdz/ /ˈsɪklədiːz/ pn
Ciocláidí
An Aegean island chain in southeast-central Greece, surrounding the main island Delos, further including the islands of Andros, Naxos, Paros, Santorini, Syra, Tinos and Zea.

Cygnus pn
Cros an Tuaiscirt Eala
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a swan. It includes the triple star system HD 188753 and the stars Deneb and Albireo.

Cypriot /ˈsɪp.ɹi.ət/ adj
Cipireach
Of, from, or relating to Cyprus.

Cypriot /ˈsɪp.ɹi.ət/ Cypriots n
Cipireach
A person from Cyprus.

Cyprus /ˈsaɪ.pɹəs/ pn
an Chipir An Chipir
An island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia. Official name: Republic of Cyprus. Capital: Nicosia.

Cyrillic /sɪˈɹɪl.ɪk/ adj
Coireallach
Denoting an alphabet devised for writing the Old Church Slavonic liturgical language, and its adaptations used for several languages of Eastern Europe and Asia; of or relating to this writing system.

Cyrillic /sɪˈɹɪl.ɪk/ pn
aibítir Choireallach
The Cyrillic alphabet or writing system.

Czech /t͡ʃɛk/ adj
Seiceach Seicis
Of, from, or pertaining to the Czech Republic (Czechia), the Czech people, culture, or language.

Czech /t͡ʃɛk/ Czechs n
Seiceach
(countable) A person from the Czech Republic (Czechia) or of Czech descent.

Czech /t͡ʃɛk/ pn
Seicis
(uncountable) A Slavic language primarily spoken in the Czech Republic.

Czech Republic /ˈtʃɛk ɹɪˈpʌblɪk/ pn
Poblacht na Seice Seic
A country in Central Europe. Capital and largest city: Prague. Until 1993, part of Czechoslovakia.

Czechia /ˈt͡ʃɛkiə/ pn
Seic
A country in Central Europe. Official name: Czech Republic. Capital and largest city: Prague.

Czecho-Slovakia pn
an tSeic-Slóvaic
dated form of Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovak more Czechoslovak most Czechoslovak adj
Seicslóvacach
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Czechoslovakia or its people.

Czechoslovak Czechoslovaks n
Seicslóvacach
A native or inhabitant of Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia /ˌtʃɛk.əʊ.sləʊ.ˈvæk.ɪ.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.oʊ.sloʊ.ˈvɑk.i.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.ə.sloʊ.ˈvæk.i.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.ə.sloʊ.ˈvɑk.i.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.ə.sləˈvæk.i.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.ə.sləˈvɑ.ki.ə/ pn
an tSeicslóvaic
A former country in central Europe; now the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Côte d'Ivoire /ˌkoʊt diˈvwɑɹ/ /ˌkəʊt diːˈvwɑː/ pn
Cósta Eabhair Poblacht an Chósta Eabhair
The Ivory Coast, a country in West Africa.

DMV DMVs n
oifig mótarchánach
(US) Initialism of department of motor vehicles.

DNA /ˌdiˌɛnˈeɪ/ /ˌdiːɛnˈeɪ/ DNAs n
ADN DNA
(biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid (“a nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which consists of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix; encoded in its structure are genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction”).

Dacia /ˈdeɪsɪə/ /ˈdeɪʃə/ pn
Dáicia
An ancient region and former kingdom located in the area now known as Romania. The Dacian kingdom was conquered by the Romans and later named Romania after them.

Dacian /ˈdeɪsɪən/ /ˈdeɪʃən/ adj
Dáiciach
Of or pertaining to Dacia or the Dacians.

Dacian /ˈdeɪsɪən/ /ˈdeɪʃən/ Dacians n
Dáiciach
(historical) a member of an ancient Indo-European ethnic group of Dacia.

Dacian /ˈdeɪsɪən/ /ˈdeɪʃən/ pn
Dáicis
An extinct Indo-European language spoken by the people of Dacia.

Daedalus /ˈdeɪdələs/ /ˈdiːdələs/ /ˈdɛdələs/ pn
Daedalas
(Greek mythology) Greek mythological figure who crafted the waxen wings of Icarus.

Dagestan /ˌdæɡɪˈstæn/ /ˌdæɡɪˈstɑːn/ pn
an Dagastáin
A republic of Russia, located in the Caucasus region. Capital: Makhachkala

Daingean /ˈdæŋɡən/ pn
Daingean Daingean Ua bhFáilghe
A town in County Offaly, Ireland

Dakar /dæˈkɑː(ɹ)/ /dɑˈkɑɚ/ /ˈdækɑː(ɹ)/ pn
Dacár
The capital city of Senegal.

Dalai Lama /ˈdælaɪ ˈlɑːmə/ /ˈdɑːlaɪ ˈlɑːmə/ Dalai Lamas n
Dalaí Láma
(Tibetan Buddhism) The supreme head of Tibetan Buddhism, believed to be an incarnation of Avalokitesvara, and considered the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people.

Dalmatia /dælˈmeɪʃə/ pn
Dalmáit
A region of Croatia, on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.

Dalmatian /dælˈmeɪ.ʃən/ more Dalmatian most Dalmatian adj
Dalmátach
Relating to Dalmatia or its people.

Dalmatian /dælˈmeɪ.ʃən/ Dalmatians n
dalmátach
One of a breed of dog with a short, white coat with dark spots.
Dalmátach
(demonym) A native or inhabitant of Dalmatia.

Dalmatian /dælˈmeɪ.ʃən/ pn
Dalmáitis
An extinct Romance language that was once spoken in Dalmatia.

Damascus /dəˈmæskəs/ /dəˈmɑːskəs/ pn
Damaisc
The capital city of Syria.

Dame Dames n
Dáma
(British) The titular prefix given to a female knight

Dan /dæn/ pn
Dán
(biblical character) The fifth son of Jacob and Bilhah (who was Rachel's handmaid).
One of the Israelite tribes, descended from Dan.
The Dan River, the principal tributary of the Jordan, named for the city

Dane /deɪn/ Danes n
Danar Danmhargach
A person of Danish descent.

Daniel /ˈdænjəl/ /ˈdænəl/ [ˈdanjəl] pn
Dainéil Leabhar Dhainéil Dónall
A book in the Old Testament of the Bible.
Dainéil Dónall
(biblical character) The prophet whose story is told in the Book of Daniel.
Dónall
A en given name in regular use since the Middle Ages.

Danish /ˈdeɪ.nɪʃ/ adj
Danmhargach Danmhairgis
Of or pertaining to Denmark.

Danish /ˈdeɪ.nɪʃ/ pn
Danmhairgis
The language of Danes and Denmark.

Danube /ˈdænjuːb/ pn
Danóib
A river in Europe; flowing 2850 km from the confluence of the Breg and Brigach at Donaueschingen, Germany, into the Black Sea in Romania.

Daphne /ˈdæfni/ pn
Dafnae
(Greek god) A dryad pursued by Apollo, who was turned into a laurel tree by the river god Peneus.

Dar es Salaam /ˌdɑɹ.ɛs.səˈlɑm/ /ˌdɑːɹ.ɛs.səˈlɑːm/ pn
Dárasalám
The largest city in Tanzania, and former capital (till 1974).

Dardanelles /ˌdɑɹ.dənˈɛlz/ /ˌdɑː.dənˈɛlz/ [ˌdɑɹ.dənˈɛɫz] [ˌdɑː.dənˈɛɫz] pn
an Dardainéil
The strait connecting the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean Sea to the west.

Dari /ˈdɑːɹi/ pn
Dairis
The variety of the Persian language that is chiefly used in Afghanistan, contrasted with varieties spoken elsewhere such as Iranian Persian or Tajik.

Darius /dəˈɹaɪ.əs/ /ˈdæɹi.əs/ /ˈdɑɹi.əs/ pn
Dáirias
Any of several kings in Achaemenid dynasty of Persia, 6th to 4th century BCE.
Dáire
A en given name.

David /ˈdeɪvɪd/ Davids pn
Dáiví Dáibhí
(biblical character) The second king of Judah and Israel, the successor of King Saul in the Old Testament; the son of Jesse and the father of Nathan and King Solomon.
Dáibhí Dáithí
(rare) A en given name, often combined with a feminine middle name (e.g. David Ann).

Davidic /dəˈvɪdɪk/ adj
Dáivíoch
(biblical) Of, or relating to the Biblical King David and his descendants.

Davidson /ˈdeɪvɪdsən/ pn
Mac Dáibhidh
A suburb of the Northern Beaches of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Dead Sea pn
Muir Mharbh
A lake in the Middle East in Israel, Palestine and Jordan, noted for high salinity and for its banks being the lowest land-based elevation on Earth.

Deborah /ˈdɛb(ə)ɹə/ Deborahs pn
Gobnait
A en given name, popular from the 1940s to the 1970s, first in the USA, then in the UK.

December /dɪˈsɛm.bɚ/ /dɪˈsɛmbə/ Decembers pn
Mí na Nollag Nollaig
The twelfth and last month of the Gregorian calendar, following November and preceding the January of the following year, containing the southern solstice.

Declan /ˈdɛklən/ pn
Deaglán
A en given name, borne notably by Declán of Ardmore

Dee /diː/ pn
Dhé
A river in Cumbria, England, which flows through Dentdale and joins the River Rawthey near Sedbergh.

Deerpark pn
Páirc na bhFianna
A townland in County Mayo, Ireland.

Deirdre /ˈdeːɹdɹə/ /ˈdɪədɹi/ /ˈdɪədɹə/ /ˈdɪɹdɹə/ pn
Deirdre
(Irish mythology) The foremost tragic heroine in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology.

Delphi /ˈdɛlfi/ [ˈdɛɫfi] pn
Deilfe
A city of ancient Greece, the site of the Delphic oracle

Delphinus pn
Deilf
(constellation) A small summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dolphin. It lies between the constellations Cygnus and Aquila.

Demeter /dəˈmiːtəɹ/ /dɪˈmiːtə/ /ˈdɛmɪtəɹ/ pn
Déiméitéir
(Greek god) The goddess of the fertility of the Earth and harvests, protector of marriage and social order; daughter of Cronos and Rhea, mother to Persephone.

Democrat Democrats n
Daonlathaí
(US politics) A member or supporter of the Democratic Party in the United States.

Democratic People's Republic of Korea /ˌdɛməˈkɹætɪk ˈpiːpəlz ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv kəˈɹiːə/ pn
Daon-Phoblacht Dhaonlathach na Cóiré
Official name of North Korea.

Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste pn
Poblacht Dhaonlathach Thíomór Thoir
The official name of East Timor.

Democratic Republic of the Congo /ˌdɛməˈkɹætɪk ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv ðə ˈkɒŋɡəʊ/ pn
Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó
A country in Central Africa. Capital: Kinshasa.

Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka pn
Poblacht Dhaonlathach Shóisialach Shrí Lanca
Official name of Sri Lanka.

Denmark /ˈdɛn.mɑɹk/ /ˈdɛn.mɑːk/ pn
Danmhairg an Danmhairg
A country in Europe. Official name: Kingdom of Denmark. Capital and largest city: Copenhagen.
A town and local government area (Shire of Denmark) in the Great Southern region, Western Australia.

Denver /ˈdɛnvɚ/ pn
Deinbhear
The capital and largest city of Colorado.

Derry /ˈdɛɹi/ Derrys pn
Doire
A city in northwestern Northern Ireland; also known as Londonderry.
Contae Dhoire Doire
One of the traditional counties in northwestern Northern Ireland; known as County Derry, or officially as County Londonderry.

Deuteronomy /djuːtəˈɹɒnəmi/ /dutəˈɹɑnəmi/ /dutɚˈɑnəmi/ /dʊˈtrɔnɔmi/ /dʒuːtəˈɹɒnəmi/ pn
Deotranaimí Leabhar Dheotranaimí Dheotranaimí
The fifth of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the fifth book in the Torah.

Devanagari /ˌdeɪvəˈnɑɡəɹi/ /ˌdeɪvəˈnɑːɡ(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˌdɛvəˈnɑːɡ(ə)ɹɪ/ pn
Déiveanágraí
An abugida script used to write many languages originating in India and Nepal, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Maithili, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri, and Nepali.

Dingle /ˈdɪŋɡl̩/ pn
Daingean Uí Chúis an Daingean
A harbour town in County Kerry, Ireland, and the peninsula on which it stands.

Dionysius /daɪəˈnɪsɪəs/ /daɪəˈnɪzɪəs/ pn
Dinísias
An Ancient Greek en given name

Dionysus /daɪəˈnaɪsəs/ /daɪəˈnaɪsɪs/ pn
Diníseas
(Greek god) The god of wine, ivy and grapes, specifically its intoxication and social influence, but also the patron of agriculture and the theater. Also related to the mystery of religion, as in "spiritual intoxication".

Diwali /dɪˈvɑli/ /dɪˈvɑːli/ /dɪˈwɑli/ /dɪˈwɑːli/ Diwalis pn
Díbheálaí
(Hinduism) An annual festival of light, observed during several days in October and November.

Djibouti /d͡ʒɪˈbuːtiː/ pn
Djibouti
A country in East Africa. Official name: Republic of Djibouti.

Dniester /ˈniːstəɹ/ pn
Dnístir
A river in Eastern Europe, flowing through Ukraine and Moldova to the Black Sea.

Dobermann Dobermanns n
pinséir Dobermann
A large breed of guard dog bred in Germany.

Dodder pn
Dothra
A river in Ireland, a tributary of the Liffey.

Dodecanese /ˌdəʊdɛkəˈniːz/ pn
Oileáin Dhóideacanacha
An island chain consisting of twelve main islands including Rhodes, its capital.

Dogri pn
Dóigris
An Indo-Aryan language, spoken primarily in Jammu region, parts of Himachal Pradesh & parts of Northern Punjab in India and Pakistan.

Doha /ˈdoʊ.hɑː/ /ˈdəʊ.hɑː/ pn
Doha
The capital and largest city of Qatar.

Dominic /ˈdɒ.məˌnɪk/ pn
Damhlaic Damhnaic
A en given name, best known for the Spanish saint who founded the Dominican order.

Dominion /doʊˈmɪnjən/ pn
tiarnas
(historical) Any of the self-governing nations of the British Commonwealth until 1949.

Dominion of Canada pn
Tiarnas Cheanada
(dated, formal) Canada

Donald /ˈdɑn.əld/ /ˈdɒn.əld/ Donalds pn
Dónal Dónall
A en given name.

Donegal /ˈdɑnɪɡɔl/ /ˈdɑnɪɡəl/ /ˈdʌnɪɡɔːl/ /ˌdɒnɪˈɡɔːl/ /ˌdʌnɪˈɡɔːl/ pn
Dún na nGall Tír Chonaill Contae Dhún na nGall
A county in northern Ireland.
Dún na nGall
A town in County Donegal.

Doppler effect Doppler effects n
iarmhairt Doppler
The apparent change in frequency or wavelength of a wave that is perceived by an observer moving relative to the source of the waves.

Dorado pn
Colgán
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a goldfish or swordfish. It lies between the constellations Pictor and Reticulum, and is notable for containing most of the Large Magellanic Cloud.

Douglas /ˈdʌɡləs/ Douglases pn
Dúghlas
A place name or the name of a geographical feature, often given after a person, notably held by:
Dúlais
Douglas, the capital city of the Isle of Man (OS grid ref SC3875).

Dover sole Dover soles n
sól coiteann
The common sole (Solea solea).

Down /daʊn/ pn
Contae an Dúin an Dún
One of the six traditional counties of Northern Ireland, usually known as County Down.

Downpatrick pn
Dún Pádraig
A town in and the county town of County Down, Northern Ireland. Its cathedral is said to contain the buried remains of Saint Patrick.

Dr Drs n
dochtúir
Doctor, a title used before a doctor's name or surname (Dr Jane Doe, Dr Doe)

Draco /ˈdɹeɪkoʊ/ /ˈdɹeɪkəʊ/ pn
Dragan
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dragon. It features a line of stars (including Thuban) that winds between Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.

Drogheda /ˈdɹɒhɪdə/ /ˈdɹɔːdə/ pn
Droichead Átha
A town in County Louth, Ireland (Irish grid ref O 0875).

Dublin /ˈdʊbᵊlən/ /ˈdʌblən/ /ˈdʌblɪn/ pn
Contae Átha Cliath Áth Cliath
A traditional county of Ireland, now divided into the City of Dublin and three counties; Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal and South Dublin.
Baile Átha Cliath Dubhlinn
(metonym) The government of the Republic of Ireland.

Dubliner /ˈdʌblɪnə/ /ˈdʌblɪnɚ/ Dubliners n
Baile Átha Cliathach
Someone from Dublin, Ireland

Dumbarton /dʌmˈbɑɹ.tən/ /dʌmˈbɑː.tən/ pn
Dhùn Breatainn
A town in West Dunbartonshire council area, Scotland.

Duncan /ˈdʌŋkən/ Duncans pn
Donncha Donnchadh
A en given name anglicized from Scottish Gaelic Donnchadh; the name of two early saints and of two kings of Scotland.

Dundalk pn
Dún Dealgan
A town, the county town of County Louth, Ireland.

Dunfermline /dʌnˈfɜːɹmlɪn/ pn
Dún Phárlain
A former local government district in Fife Region (which superseded the historic county) between 1975 and 1996.
A village in Fulton County, Illinois, United States, first settled by people from Dunfermline, Fife.

Dushanbe pn
Dushanbe
The capital city of Tajikistan.

Dutch /dʌt͡ʃ/ adj
Ollannach Ísiltíreach
Of or pertaining to the Netherlands, the Dutch people or the Dutch language.

Dutch /dʌt͡ʃ/ pn
Ollainnis Ísiltíris
The main language of the Netherlands, Flanders (i.e., the northern half of Belgium) and Suriname; Netherlandic.

Dzongkha /ˈdzɒŋkə/ /ˈzɒŋkə/ pn
Seoinicis
The national language of Bhutan; Bhutanese.

ECB pn
BCE
Initialism of European Central Bank.

EEC pn
CEE
(historical) Initialism of European Economic Community, forerunner of the European Community (EC) and the European Union (EU).

EU /ˌiː ˈjuː/ pn
AE an tAE
(politics, economics) Initialism of European Union.

Earth /ɜːθ/ /ɝθ/ Earths pn
Domhan domhan
The third planet of the Solar System; the world upon which humans live.

East China Sea pn
Muir na Síne Thoir
A marginal sea east of China, south of the Korean Peninsula, west of the Ryukyu Islands, and north of Taiwan.

East Frisian pn
Freaslainnis an Oirthir
The Frisian language spoken in East Frisia (northwest Germany), of which Saterland Frisian is the last remaining variety.

East Germany pn
an [[Oir-Ghearmáin]]
(historical, 1949–1990) A former Communist country of Central Europe between 1949 and 1990, officially called the German Democratic Republic (GDR), capital East Berlin.

East Indies pn
Indiacha Thoir
Southeast Asia, especially Island Southeast Asia or Indonesia, but also including India, Indochina, Malaya and the Malay Archipelago, from the Philippines to Indonesia.

East Pakistan pn
Pacastáin Thoir
(historical) The eastern part of Bengal before it split from Pakistan, currently the independent state of Bangladesh.

East Siberian Sea pn
Muir na Sibéire Thoir
A marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. This sea is bordering on the Laptev Sea in the West and the Chukchi Sea in the East.

East Timor pn
Tíomór Thoir
A country in Southeast Asia occupying half the island of Timor. Official name: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste. Capital: Dili.

Easter /ˈistɚ/ /ˈiːstə/ Easters n
Cáisc
A Christian feast commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ, celebrated on the first Sunday (and Monday) following the full moon that occurs on or next after the vernal equinox, ranging in most of Western Christianity (such as Protestantism and Roman Catholicism) from March 22 to April 25, and in Eastern Christianity (such as the Coptic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church) from April 4 to May 8.

Easter Bunny /ˈiːs.tə ˈbʌ.ni/ /ˈiːs.tɚ ˈbʌ.ni/ Easter Bunnies pn
coinín na Cásca
A symbolic rabbit sometimes depicted delivering Easter eggs to children.

Easter Island pn
Oileán na Cásca
An island in the South Pacific, belonging to Chile and famous for its moai monuments.

Easter Monday pn
Luan Cásca
The Monday after Easter Sunday; a bank holiday in Britain and a holiday in many other places.

Easter Sunday pn
Domhnach Cásca
(Christianity) Easter Day, a Christian religious moveable holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.

Easter Week pn
Seachtain na Cásca
The week after Holy Week, starting on Easter Sunday, containing Easter Monday, and going on through to Easter Saturday.

Easter egg /ˈiː.stəɹ ˌɛɡ/ Easter eggs n
clúdóg cúbóg ubh Chásca
A dyed or decorated egg, traditionally associated with Easter and, in the Western European tradition, sometimes hidden for children to find.

Easter lily Easter lilies n
lile na Cásca
Lilium longiflorum, a species of flowering plant in the lily family associated with Easter.

Eastern Europe pn
Oirthear na hEorpa
A socio-politic geographical area of eastern Europe usually including the European countries to the east of Germany, Austria and Italy, and to the west of the Urals. However, a less common definition of the region excludes the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Baltic states and some parts of the Balkans - placing them in Central Europe instead.

Eastern Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox Churches pn
Eaglais Ceartchreidmheach
One of the major branches of Christianity; it comprises the Greek Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Church and other patriarchates.

Eastertide n
Aimsir na Cásca Cáisc
The season from Easter to Whitsun

Ebro /ˈeɪbɹəʊ/ /ˈɛbɹəʊ/ pn
Eabró
A river in Spain that flows into the Mediterranean.

Ecclesiastes pn
Ecclesiastes Leabhar Chóiheilit Leabhar Ecclesiastes
(book of the bible) A book in the Old Testament of the Bible.

Ecclesiasticus pn
Leabhar Shíorach Síorach
A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

Ecuador /ˈɛk.wə.dɔɹ/ /ˈɛk.wə.dɔː/ pn
Eacuadór
A country in South America. Official name: Republic of Ecuador. Capital: Quito.

Eden /ˈiːdən/ pn
Éidin
(biblical) A garden built by God as the home for Adam and Eve; sometimes identified as part of Mesopotamia.

Edinburgh /ˈɛd.ən.bʌɹ.ə/ /ˈɛd.ənˌbɝ.ə/ /ˈɛd.ɪn.bə.ɹə/ /ˈɛd.ɪn.bɹə/ /ˈɛd.ɪn.bʌɹ.ə/ [ˈɛd.n̩.bə.ɹə] pn
Dún Éideann
The capital city of Scotland.

Edmund /ˈɛdmənd/ Edmunds pn
Éamann
A en given name, borne by early English kings and saints.

Edom /ˈi.dəm/ pn
Eadóm
(biblical) The name given to Esau in the Hebrew Bible.
(historical) A region whose inhabitants, the Edomites, traditionally traced their ancestry to Esau.

Edward /ˈɛdwəd/ /ˈɛdwɚd/ pn
Éadbhard
A en given name.

Egypt /ˈiː.d͡ʒɪpt/ pn
Éigipt An Éigipt
A country in North Africa and Western Asia. Official name: Arab Republic of Egypt. Capital: Cairo.

Egyptian /ɪˈd͡ʒɪp.ʃən/ adj
Éigipteach
Of, from, or pertaining to Egypt, the Egyptian people or the Egyptian language.

Egyptian /ɪˈd͡ʒɪp.ʃən/ Egyptians n
Éigipteach
A person from Egypt or of Egyptian descent.

Egyptian /ɪˈd͡ʒɪp.ʃən/ pn
Éigiptis
The Afroasiatic language spoken (and written) in ancient Egypt

Egyptology /ˌid͡ʒɪpˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌiːd͡ʒɪpˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ Egyptologies n
Éigipteolaíocht
(uncountable) The study of ancient Egypt.

Eiffel Tower pn
Túr Eiffel
An iron tower built in 1889 on the Champ de Mars beside the Seine River in Paris; a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world.

El Salvador /ɛl ˈsæl.və.dɔɹ/ /ɛl ˈsæl.və.dɔː/ pn
Salvadóir
A country in Central America. Official name: Republic of El Salvador.

Elamite Elamites n
Éalámach
An inhabitant of ancient Elam.

Electra /ɪˈlɛktɹə/ pn
Éileictre
(Greek mythology) Any of several mythical women, including a daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, one of the Pleiades, and one of the daughters of Oceanus and Tethys.
Electra
(star) One of the stars in the Pleiades star cluster.

Electra complex Electra complexes n
coimpléacs Éileictre
(psychoanalysis) The theory that a female's psychological development involves a sexual attachment to the father and jealousy of the mother.

Elis pn
Éilís
(historical) An ancient Greek city-state in northwestern Peloponnese, modern Greece.
A regional unit of modern Greece in West Greece, corresponding to the area once ruled by the city-state.

Elisabeth /əˈlɪzəbəθ/ pn
Eiliosaibeit
The mother of John the Baptist according to the Christian and Islamic scriptures

Elisheba pn
Eilíseaba
(biblical character) The wife of Aaron, mentioned in Exodus 6:23.

Elizabeth /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/ Elizabeths pn
Eilís Eibhlís Isibéal Éilis
A en given name, popular since the 16th century.

Ellen /ˈɛl.ən/ /ˈɛl.ɪn/ pn
Eibhlín
A en given name.

Enfield /ɛnfiːld/ pn
An Bóthar Buí
A town in County Meath, Ireland; name adapted from Innfield (after an inn in the area) after the town in England.

England /ˈɪŋlənd/ /ˈɪŋɡlənd/ /ˈɪŋɡələnd/ Englands pn
Sasana
The kingdom established in southeast Britain by Aethelstan of Wessex in 927 and its various successor states, now the largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom

English /ˈɪŋlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡləʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡəlɪʃ/ more English most English adj
Sasanach Béarlach Béarla
Of or pertaining to the people of England (to Englishmen and Englishwomen).

English /ˈɪŋlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡləʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡəlɪʃ/ English Englishes n
Sasanach Béarla
(in the plural) The people of England, Englishmen and Englishwomen.

English /ˈɪŋlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡləʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡəlɪʃ/ Englishes pn
Béarla Sacs-Bhéarla
The language originating in England but now spoken in all parts of the British Isles, the Commonwealth of Nations, North America, and other parts of the world.

English Channel pn
Muir nIocht
The arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the British Isles from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

Englishman /ˈɪŋ.lɪʃ.mən/ /ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ.mən/ Englishmen n
Sasanach
A native or inhabitant of England; a man who is English by ancestry, birth, descent, or naturalisation. [from 7th c.]

Enlightenment pn
Eagnaíocht
A 17th- and 18th-century philosophical movement in European history; the Age of Enlightenment or Age of Reason emphasizing rationalism.

Ennis pn
Inis
A town in and the county town of County Clare, Ireland.

Ephesian /ɪˈfiːʒən/ adj
Eifeasach
Of, from, or pertaining to, Ephesus.

Ephesian /ɪˈfiːʒən/ Ephesians n
Eifeasach
Someone from Ephesus.

Ephesians pn
Eifeasaigh Litir Naomh Pól chuig na hEifeasaigh
(biblical) The tenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Ephesus which is attributed to Paul the Apostle.

Ephesus /ˈɛfɪsəs/ pn
Eifeasas
An ancient city in Anatolia, near Selcuk in modern Turkey.

Ephraim /ˈifɹi.əm/ /ˈifɹəm/ /ˈɛf.ɹəm/ pn
Eafráím
The younger son of Joseph in the Bible, eponymous ancestor of one of the twelve tribes of Israel.
A en given name.

Epiphany /ɛˈpɪfəni/ /ɪˈpɪfni/ /ɪˈpɪfəni/ pn
Eipeafáine Nollaig Bheag Nollaig na mBan
A en given name.

Equatorial Guinea /ˌɛkwəˈtɔːɹiəl ˈɡɪni/ pn
Guine Mheánchiorclach
A country in Central Africa. Official name: Republic of Equatorial Guinea. Capital: Malabo.

Equuleus pn
Capall Beag
(constellation) The second smallest constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a little horse. It lies west of the constellation Aquarius.

Eridanus pn
Abhainn
(constellation) A large winter constellation of the northern sky. It lies near Orion and Cetus.

Eris /ˈɛɹɪs/ /ˈɪəɹɪs/ pn
Earas
(Greek god) The goddess of discord and strife, whose apple of discord sparked events that eventually led to the Trojan War; equated by Homer with Enyo (goddess of violent war) and identified with the Roman goddess Discordia;(religion, Discordianism) the same figure as principal deity of Discordianism, regarded as the goddess of disorder.
(astronomy) The celestial body 136199 Eris, the most-massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System and the largest known object in the scattered disk; formerly nicknamed Xena.

Eritrea /ˌɛɹɪˈtɹ(e)ɪə/ /ˌɛɹɪˈtɹeɪə/ /ˌɛɹɪˈtɹi.ə/ /ˌɪɹɪˈtɹ(e)ɪə/ /ˌɪɹɪˈtɹeɪə/ pn
Eiritré
A country in East Africa, on the Red Sea. Capital: Asmara.

Eritrean more Eritrean most Eritrean adj
Eiritréach
Of, belonging to, or relating to Eritrea or its people.

Eritrean Eritreans n
Eiritréach
A native or inhabitant of Eritrea, or a descendant of such person.

Ernest /ˈɜː(ɹ)nɪst/ pn
Earnán
A en given name; popular in the 19th century.

Eros /ˈɛɹɒs/ pn
Earós
(Greek god) The god of love and sexual desire; son of either Erebus and Nyx or Aphrodite and Ares. His Roman counterpart is Cupid.

Esdras pn
Easdras
(biblical) any of four books of the Old Testament and Apocrypha of the Bible.

Eskimo /ˈɛs.kɪ.moʊ/ /ˈɛs.kɪ.məʊ/ more Eskimo most Eskimo adj
Eiscimeach Eiscimise
In, of, or relating to the Eskimo languages.

Eskimo /ˈɛs.kɪ.moʊ/ /ˈɛs.kɪ.məʊ/ Eskimo Eskimoes Eskimos n
Eiscimeach
(dated, sometimes, offensive) A member of any of the Eskimo peoples.

Eskimo /ˈɛs.kɪ.moʊ/ /ˈɛs.kɪ.məʊ/ pn
Eiscimigh
(dated, sometimes, offensive) A group of indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic, from Siberia, through Alaska and Northern Canada, to Greenland, including the Inuit and Yupik.
Eiscimis
Any of the languages of the Eskimo.

Esperanto /ˌɛspəˈɹæntoʊ/ /ˌɛspəˈɹæntəʊ/ /ˌɛspəˈɹɑntoʊ/ /ˌɛspəˈɹɑːntəʊ/ pn
Esperanto Sprantais
An international auxiliary language designed by L. L. Zamenhof with a base vocabulary inspired by Indo-European languages such as English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Russian, and having a streamlined grammar with completely regular conjugations, declensions, and inflections.

Essene Essenes n
Eiséanach
(historical) A member of a first-century ascetic Jewish sect in ancient Palestine from the second century BCE to the second century CE. The Essenes are believed to have been the authors of the Dead Sea scrolls.

Esther /ˈɛstə/ /ˈɛstɚ/ pn
Eistir
A en given name.
Eistir Leabhar Eistir
(biblical character) The heroine of the Book of Esther.

Estonia /ɛsˈtoʊ.ni.ə/ /ɛsˈtoʊn.jə/ /ɛsˈtəʊ.nɪ.ə/ Estonias pn
Eastóin Poblacht na hEastóine
A country in northeastern Europe, on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea. Official name: Republic of Estonia.

Estonian adj
Eastónach
Of, from, or pertaining to the country of Estonia, its people or their language.

Estonian Estonians n
Eastónach
(countable, rare) Any person from Estonia or someone descended from such people.
Eastóinis
(uncountable) The Uralic language that is the official language of Estonia.

Eteocypriot pn
Éiti-Chipiris
(linguistics) A pre-Indo-European language spoken in Iron Age Cyprus.

Ethiopia /ˌi.θiˈoʊ.pi.ə/ /ˌiː.θiˈəʊ.pɪ.ə/ pn
Aetóip
A country in East Africa.

Etruscan /ɪˈtɹʌskən/ more Etruscan most Etruscan adj
Éatrúscach
Of or pertaining to the region and culture of Etruria, a pre-Roman civilization in Italy.

Etruscan /ɪˈtɹʌskən/ Etruscans n
Éatrúscach
An inhabitant of ancient Etruria.

Eucharist /ˈjuːkəɹɪst/ /ˈjuːkɹɪst/ Eucharists n
Eocairist
(Christianity) The Christian sacrament of Holy Communion.
(by extension) A Christian religious service in which this sacrament is enacted.
Comaoineach Eocairist corp Chríost
The substances received during this sacrament, namely the bread and wine, seen as Christ’s body and blood.

Eunice /ˈjuːnɪs/ pn
Eoinícé
A en given name.

Euphrates /juːˈfɹeɪtiːz/ pn
Eofrait
A river in the Middle East, 2780 kilometers in length, flowing southwest from Turkey, then southeast, and uniting with the Tigris before entering the Persian Gulf. It forms the Western edge of classical Mesopotamia.

Eurasia /jəˈɹeɪ.ʒə/ /jʊˈɹeɪ.ʒə/ pn
Eoráise
The largest and most populous landmass on Earth, consisting of Europe and Asia; sometimes also including neighboring islands. [1881]
A region comprising parts of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia; the countries of the former Soviet Union and the sphere of influence of Russia.

Eurasian more Eurasian most Eurasian adj
Eoráiseach
Of or pertaining to the continent of Eurasia, or to both Europe and Asia.

Eurasian Eurasians n
Eoráiseach
Any person native to Eurasia, or descended from people native to Eurasia.

Eurasian blackbird Eurasian blackbirds n
lon dubh
A bird of the species Turdus merula

Eurasian blackcap Eurasian blackcaps n
caipín dubh
Sylvia atricapilla, an Old World warbler.

Eurasian eagle owl Eurasian eagle owls n
rí-ulchabhán Eoráiseach
Bubo bubo, the largest owl, native to almost all of temperate Eurasia.

Eurasian hobby Eurasian hobbies n
fabhcún coille
Falco subbuteo, a small raptor of the falcon family.

Eurasian lynx Eurasian lynxes n
lincse Eoráiseach
Lynx lynx, one of the species of lynx.

Eurasian nuthatch Eurasian nuthatches n
cnóshnag Eoráiseach
A nuthatch of the species Sitta europaea.

Eurasian scops owl Eurasian scops owls n
ulchabhán scopach
Otus scops, a small owl.

Eurasian siskin Eurasian siskins n
píobaire
A bird of the species Spinus spinus, common throughout Eurasia.

Eurasian sparrowhawk Eurasian sparrowhawks n
ruán aille speirsheabhac spioróg
A bird of the species Accipiter nisus

Eurasian teal Eurasian teals n
praslacha praslacha choiteann
Anas crecca, a common and widespread duck which breeds in temperate Palearctic and migrates south in winter.

Eurasian treecreeper Eurasian treecreepers n
snag coiteann
Certhia familiaris, a species of bird in the family Certhiidae.

Eurasian wigeon /jəˌɹeɪʒənˈwɪd͡ʒən/ Eurasian wigeons n
rualacha rualacha Eorpach rualacha Eoráiseach
Mareca penelope, a species of dabbling duck.

Eurasian woodcock Eurasian woodcocks n
creabhar
A medium-small wading bird, (Scolopax rusticola)

Eurasian wren Eurasian wrens n
dreoilín donn
Troglodytes troglodytes

Eurogroup Eurogroups n
Grúpa Euro
(European politics) The informal body composed of the finance ministers of the countries in the Eurozone.

Europe /ˈjoː.ɹəp/ /ˈjɔː.ɹəp/ /ˈjɝ.əp/ /ˈjʉə.ɹəp/ /ˈjʊə.ɹəp/ /ˈjʊɚ.əp/ pn
Eoraip
The portion of Eurasia west of the Urals, traditionally considered a continent in its own right, located north of Africa, west of Asia and east of the Atlantic Ocean.
A political entity; the European Union.

European /(ˌ)jʊə.ɹəˈpiː.ən/ /(ˌ)jʊə.ɹəˈpɪ.ən/ /ˌjɝ.əˈpi.ən/ /ˌjʊɚ.əˈpi.ən/ more European most European adj
Eorpa Eorpach
Related to Europe or the European Union.

European /(ˌ)jʊə.ɹəˈpiː.ən/ /(ˌ)jʊə.ɹəˈpɪ.ən/ /ˌjɝ.əˈpi.ən/ /ˌjʊɚ.əˈpi.ən/ Europeans n
Eorpach
Person living or originating from Europe.
Person who resides within the European Union.

European Central Bank pn
Banc Ceannais Eorpach
The Central bank for the European Union, administering the monetary policy of the 17 EU Eurozone member states.

European Commission pn
Coimisiún Eorpach
The executive branch of the European Union.

European Council pn
Comhairle Eorpach EUCO
an institution of the European Union (EU) charged with defining the EU's overall political direction and priorities, that comprises the heads of state or government of the member states, along with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission

European Parliament /jʊˈroʊpiən ˈpɑrləmənt/ /jʊˈrəʊpiən ˈpɑːrləmənt/ pn
Parlaimint na hEorpa
(politics) A legislative chamber of the European Union.

European Union /ˌjɔːɹəˈpiːən ˈjuːnjən/ /ˌjɝɹəˈpi.ən ˈjunjən/ /ˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən ˈjuːnjən/ /ˌjʊɹəˈpiən ˈjunjən/ pn
Aontas Eorpach an tAontas Eorpach
A supranational organisation, consisting of 27 member states, created in the 1950s to bring the nations of Europe into closer economic and political connection.

European bison /jʊɹəˌpiːən ˈbaɪsn̩/ European bison European bisons n
bíosún
The wisent, species Bison bonasus, Europe's heaviest land animal.

European eel European eels n
eascann Eorpach
A snake-like fish, reaching between 60 cm and 1.5 m in length, Anguilla anguilla.

European garden spider European garden spiders n
damhán garraí
A common arachnid (Araneus diadematus).

European hare European hares n
giorria gallda
A Eurasian hare species (Lepus europaeus or Lepus capensis).

European hedgehog European hedgehogs n
gráinneog
Erinaceus europaeus, the hedgehog that inhabits much of Western and Central Europe.

European lobster European lobsters n
gliomach Eorpach
A species of lobster, Homarus gammarus

European mink European minks n
minc Eorpach
a species of mink, Mustela lutreola, found mostly in Europe, similar in appearance to the American mink.

European otter European otters n
dobhrán Eoráiseach
An otter species, Lutra lutra.

European pied flycatcher European pied flycatchers n
cuilire alabhreac
Ficedula hypoleuca, an Old World flycatcher breeding in Europe and overwintering in Africa

European polecat European polecats n
cat coille toghán
Mustela putorius, related to mink and weasels, native to Europe and parts of Asia, and from which certain of the animals called ferrets have been domesticated.

European river lamprey European river lampreys n
loimpre abhann
Any lamprey of species Lampetra fluviatilis, of Europe.

European robin European robins n
spideog
A small passerine Old World bird; Erithacus rubecula.

European wildcat European wildcats n
Fia-chat Eorpach
Felis silvestris silvestris, a subspecies of the wildcat.

Europeanism /ˌjɝəˈpi.ənɪzəm/ /ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ənɪzəm/ Europeanisms n
Eorpachas

Europhile Europhiles n
Eorabhách
One who loves Europe, Europeans, or European culture.
A political supporter of the European Union.

Eurozone pn
limistéar euro
Collectively, the European Union member states whose official currency is the euro.

Eurydice /jʊˈɹɪdɪsi/ pn
Eoraidícé
(Greek mythology) The name of various figures in Greek mythology.

Eusebius /juˈsibi.əs/ pn
Eusbius
An Ancient Greek en given name

Eustachian /juːˈsteɪ.ki.ən/ /juːˈsteɪ.ʃən/ more Eustachian most Eustachian adj
Eostach
Of or relating to Bartolomeo Eustachi (1500 or 1514–1574), also known as Eustachius, one of the founders of the science of human anatomy.

Eustachian tube /ju.ˈsteɪʃən ˈtjuːb/ /ju.ˈsteɪʃən ˈtuːb/ Eustachian tubes n
feadán Eostach
(anatomy) In humans and other land vertebrates, a tube that links the nasopharynx to the cavity of the middle ear to allow the equalization of the pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

Eve /iːv/ pn
Éabha Aoife
(Abrahamism, biblical character) The first woman and mother of the human race; Adam's wife.
A en given name.

Evelyn /ˈiːvlɪn/ /ˈɛvəlɪn/ pn
Eibhlín
A en given name.
A en given name.

Ewe /ˈeɪ.veɪ/ /ˈeɪ.weɪ/ pn
Éabhais
The Niger-Congo language, belonging to the Gbe family, spoken by these people.

Excellency Excellencies n
Soilse
(used with His, Her or Your) A form of address for certain high officials or dignitaries.

Exodus /ˈɛksədəs/ pn
Eaxodus
The departure of the Hebrew slaves from Egypt under the leadership of Moses.
Eacsadas Leabhar Eacsadas Eaxodus
(book of the bible) The second of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the second book in the Torah describing the Exodus.

Ezekiel /ɪˈziːkiəl/ pn
Eizicéil Leabhar Eizicéil
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible.
Eizicéil
(biblical character) A prophet mentioned in the Bible and in the Quran.
A en given name of biblical origin. First used by 17th century Puritans; rare today.

Ezra /ˈɛzɹə/ Ezras pn
Eazrá Leabhar Eazrá
(book of the bible) The fifteenth book of the Old Testament and a book of the Hebrew Tanakh.
Eazrá
(biblical character) A Jewish high priest from the fifth century BC.
Easdras
A en given name of biblical origin.

Far East pn
Cianoirthear
(dated) East Asia (Korea, Japan, China, the Russian Far East, etc.), and Southeast Asia, taken as a whole.

Faroe Islands /ˈfɛəɹəʊ ˌaɪləndz/ pn
Oileáin Fharó Scigirí
an archipelago in the north Atlantic Ocean between Scotland and Iceland; a self-governing dependent territory of Denmark.

Faroese /fæɹoʊˈiz/ /ˌfɛ(ə)ɹoʊˈiz/ /ˌfɛəɹəʊˈiːz/ adj
Faróch
Of or pertaining to the Faroe Islands, Faroese people or language.

Faroese /fæɹoʊˈiz/ /ˌfɛ(ə)ɹoʊˈiz/ /ˌfɛəɹəʊˈiːz/ Faroese n
Faróch Faróigh
(countable) A person from the Faroe Islands, Faroe Islander or Faeroe Islander

Faroese /fæɹoʊˈiz/ /ˌfɛ(ə)ɹoʊˈiz/ /ˌfɛəɹəʊˈiːz/ pn
Faróis Faro
(uncountable) The language of the Faroe Islands, closely related to Icelandic, and more distantly to Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish.

Fates /feɪts/ pn
Bandéithe na Cinniúna Fáithe
(Greek mythology) Atropos, Clotho, and Lachesis; supernatural beings who controlled the destiny of men and of the gods.

Father's Day Father's Days n
Lá na nAithreacha
A holiday in celebration of fatherhood, or to honor fathers, celebrated on the third Sunday of June in most of the world's countries. See Wikipedia:Father's Day:Dates.

February /j/ /ɹi/ /ɹə.ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.j(ʊ.)ə.ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.juˌɛ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.ɹuˌɛɹi/ /ˈfɛb.ɹə.ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.ɹʊ.ə.ɹi/ Februaries Februarys pn
Feabhra
The short month following January and preceding March in the Roman, Julian, and Gregorian calendars, used in all three calendars for intercalation or addition of leap days.

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia pn
Poblacht Dhaonlathach Chónaidhme na hAetóipe
Official name of Ethiopia.

Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal pn
Poblacht Chónaidhme Dhaonlathach Neipeal
Official name of Nepal.

Federal Republic of Germany pn
Poblacht Chónaidhme na Gearmáine
(1949–1990) The official name of West Germany.
(1990–today) The official name of reunified Germany.

Federal Republic of Nigeria pn
Poblacht Chónaidhme na Nigéire
The official name of Nigeria.

Federated States of Micronesia /ˈfɛdəˌɹeɪtɪd ˈsteɪts əv ˌmaɪkɹəˈniːʒə/ pn
Stáit Chónaidhme na Micrinéise
The official name of Micronesia, a country consisting of about 600 islands in Oceania. Capital: Palikir.

Federative Republic of Brazil pn
Poblacht Chónaidhmitheach na Brasaíle
The official name of Brazil.

Fenian /ˈfiːniːən/ /ˈfiːnjən/ Fenians n
Fínín
(British, Irish) An Irish nationalist or republican.
(historical) A member of the Fenian Brotherhood or the Irish Republican Brotherhood, Irish republican organizations active in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Fenian Cycle pn
fiannaíocht
(Irish mythology) A body of prose and verse focusing on the exploits of the mythological hero Fionn mac Cumhail and his warriors the Fianna Éireann.

Fenianism /ˈfiːniənɪzəm/ Fenianisms n
Fíníneachas
The principles, purposes, doctrines, or beliefs of the Fenians.

Fermanagh /fəɹˈmænə/ pn
Contae Fhear Manach Fear Manach
One of the six traditional counties of Northern Ireland.

Fermoy /fə(ɹ)ˈmɔɪ/ pn
Mainistir Fhear Maí
An inland town in east County Cork, Ireland.

Ferris wheel /ˈfɛɹɪs wil/ /ˈfɛɹɪs wiːl/ /ˈfɛɹɪs ʍil/ /ˈfɛɹɪs ʍiːl/ Ferris wheels n
roth mór
An amusement ride, consisting of an upright rotating wheel having seats that remain in a horizontal position as the wheel revolves.

Fertile Crescent /ˈfɜːtaɪl ˈkɹɛsənt/ /ˈfɝːtəl ˈkɹɛsənt/ pn
Corrán Méith
(historical) A crescent-shaped strip of fertile land stretching from present-day Iraq through eastern Turkey and down the Syrian and Israeli coasts.

Fife /ˈfaɪf/ pn
Foibhe
A city in Pierce County, Washington, possibly named after William J. Fife.
An unincorporated community in McCulloch County, Texas, named after Fife in Scotland.

Fiji /fiːˈdʒiː/ /ˈfi.d͡ʒi/ /ˈfiː.dʒiː/ pn
Fidsí
A country and archipelago of over 300 islands in Melanesia in Oceania. Capital and largest city: Suva.

Fijian /fiːˈd͡ʒiːən/ /fɪˈd͡ʒiːən/ adj
Fidsise Fidsíoch
Pertaining to Fiji, or its language or people.

Fijian /fiːˈd͡ʒiːən/ /fɪˈd͡ʒiːən/ Fijians n
Fidsíoch
A person from Fiji or of Fijian descent.

Fijian /fiːˈd͡ʒiːən/ /fɪˈd͡ʒiːən/ pn
Fidsis
an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian family spoken on Fiji. It has 650,000 speakers, including second language users.

Filipino /filiˈpino/ /fɪlɪˈpinoʊ/ /piliˈpino/ adj
Filipíneach
Of or pertaining to the Philippines or its peoples, languages, and cultures.
Of or pertaining to Tagalog, the basis of the national language of the Philippines.

Filipino /filiˈpino/ /fɪlɪˈpinoʊ/ /piliˈpino/ Filipinos n
Filipíneach
A citizen or local inhabitant of the Philippines and those descending from such, especially a male.

Filipino /filiˈpino/ /fɪlɪˈpinoʊ/ /piliˈpino/ pn
Filipínis
(uncountable) The national language of the Philippines, based on Tagalog.

Fingal /ˈfɪŋɡɔːl/ pn
Fine Gall
A county of Ireland north of Dublin, formed in 1994 from parts of County Dublin.

Finland /ˈfɪn.lənd/ Finlands pn
Fionlainn an Fhionlainn
A Nordic country having borders with Sweden, Norway and Russia in Europe. Official name: Republic of Finland.

Finn /ˈfɪn/ Finns n
Fionlannach
A national of Finland.

Finnish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ adj
Fionlannach Fionlainnis
Of or pertaining to Finland; Finlandic, Finlandish.

Finnish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ n
Fionlainnis
The Finno-Ugric language spoken by the majority of the people living in Finland, one of the two official languages of the country (the other is Swedish).

Finno-Ugric adj
Fionn-Úgrach
Of or relating to Finno-Ugric languages.

Finno-Ugric pn
fine Fhionn-Úgrach
A group of languages that, together with Samoyedic, make up the Uralic family; they are spoken in a broad swathe from Siberia to Norway.

Fitzgerald /fɪtsˈd͡ʒɛɹəld/ pn
Mac Gearailt
A Hiberno-Norman surname originating as a patronymic.

Flanders /ˈflæn.dɚz/ /ˈflɑːn.dəz/ Flanderses pn
Flóndras
The County of Flanders, a historical county of Europe, of varying extent.
An administrative region in the north of Belgium, consisting of the Dutch-speaking area of Belgium.
Two provinces in Belgian Flanders, West Flanders and East Flanders.
Ellipsis of French Flanders, a former province of France, now constituting the French department Nord.

Fleming /ˈflɛmɪŋ/ Flemings n
Pléimeannach
A native or inhabitant of Flanders in Belgium.

Flemish /ˈflɛmɪʃ/ more Flemish most Flemish adj
Pléimeannach Pléimeannaise
Of or relating to Flanders, either as the historical county of Flanders (the current provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders in Belgium, Zeelandic Flanders in the Netherlands and French Flanders); or as the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium.

Flemish /ˈflɛmɪʃ/ pn
Pléimeannais
Standard Dutch as it is spoken in Flanders.

Flood pn
Díle
(biblical) The flood referred to in the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible.

Florence /ˈflɑɹɪns/ /ˈflɒɹəns/ /ˈflɔɹəns/ pn
Flórans
The capital city of Tuscany, Italy, and capital city of the Metropolitan City of Florence.

Fomorian Fomorians n
fomhórach
(Irish mythology) A member of the semi-divine race that were said to have inhabited Ireland in ancient times.

Forbidden City pn
Cathair Thoirmiscthe
A palace of the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty located in Dongcheng district, Beijing, China.

Formosan adj
Formósach
Of or relating to Formosa or people of Formosa.

Formosan Formosans n
Formósach
An inhabitant, resident, or a person of descent from Formosa.

Formula One pn
Foirmle a hAon
The highest class of motor racing sanctioned by the FIA.

Fornax pn
Foirnéis
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a furnace. It lies near the constellation Eridanus.

Four Noble Truths n
ceithre fhírinne thriathacha
(Buddhism) Four central Buddhist teachings: (i) that suffering is an innate characteristic of existence with each rebirth; (ii) that it is caused by cravings or desires; (iii) that it can be ended by eliminating the cravings or desires; and (iv) that the noble eightfold path is the way to achieve this.

France /fɹæns/ /fɹɑːns/ Frances pn
Frainc an Fhrainc
A country in Western Europe. Official name: French Republic. Capital and largest city: Paris.

Frances /ˈfɹænsɪz/ /ˈfɹɑːnsɪz/ pn
Proinséas
A en given name, feminine form of Francis.

Francis /ˈfɹænsɪs/ /ˈfɹɑːnsɪs/ pn
Proinsias
A en given name
(rare) A en given name, .

Franciscan /fɹænˈsɪskən/ adj
Proinsiasach
Of or related to St Francis of Assisi.
(Catholicism) Of or related to the Franciscans.

Franciscan /fɹænˈsɪskən/ Franciscans n
Proinsiasach
(Catholicism) A member of the Order of the Friars Minor.

Franconia /fɹæŋˈkoʊ.ni.ə/ /fɹæŋˈkoʊ.njə/ /fɹæŋˈkəʊ.ni.ə/ /fɹæŋˈkəʊ.njə/ pn
Francóin
A region of Germany, comprising the northern area of modern Bavaria and lands to its immediate west.

Francophone /ˈfɹæŋkɒfəʊn/ Francophones n
Frainciseoir cainteoir Fraincise
A person who speaks French, especially as their mother tongue.

Frank /fɹæŋk/ Franks n
Franc
One of the Franks, a Germanic federation that inhabited parts of what are now France, the Low Countries and Germany.

Frederick /ˈfɹɛd(ə)ɹɪk/ pn
Feardorcha
A en given name.

French /fɹɛnt͡ʃ/ Frenches pn
Fraincis
(chiefly, _, uncountable) The language of France, shared by the neighboring countries Belgium, Monaco, and Switzerland and by former French colonies around the world.

French Canadian French Canadians n
Ceanadach Francach
A Canadian whose first language is French.

French Guiana pn
Guáin na Fraince
An overseas department and administrative region of France in South America. Official name: Department of French Guiana.

French Polynesia /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɑ.ləˈni.ʒə/ /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɑ.lɪˈni.ʒə/ /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɒl.ɪˈniː.zi.ə/ /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɒl.ɪˈniː.ʃə/ /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɒl.ɪˈniː.ʒə/ pn
Polainéis na Fraince
An archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania. Official name: Territory of French Polynesia.

French Republic pn
Poblacht na Fraince
(a country).

French Revolution pn
Réabhlóid na Fraince
A period in France of radical social and political upheaval which saw the country change from a monarchy to a republic (1789–1799).

French bean French beans n
pónaire Fhrancach
haricot bean, kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).

French chalk n
cailc fhrancach
A type of steatite, used to mark cloth and as a lubricant in shoes, gloves etc.

French toast /ˌfɹɛnt͡ʃ ˈtoʊst/ /ˌfɹɛnt͡ʃ ˈtəʊst/ French toasts n
tósta francach
(culinary) Food prepared by dipping bread into egg batter and frying.

French window French windows n
fuinneog Fhrancach
(architecture) An outside door with glass panes, serving as a window and a door

French-Canadian more French-Canadian most French-Canadian adj
Ceanadach Francach
Of or relating to Francophone Canadians or French Canada.

Frenchman Frenchmen n
Francach
A man of French birth or nationality.

Frenchwoman Frenchwomen n
Francach
A French woman; a woman of French ancestry, descent or citizenship.

Freudian slip /ˌfɹɔɪdi.ən ˈslɪp/ /ˌfɹɔɪdɪ.ən ˈslɪp/ Freudian slips n
giorradh Freudach sciorradh Freudach
(psychology) A mistake in speech or action in which a person supposedly shows their true subconscious desires.

Freya /ˈfɹeɪə/ pn
Frae
A en given name of mostly British usage.

Friday /-di/ /-ˌdi/ /ˈfɹaɪdeɪ/ /ˈfɹaɪˌdeɪ/ adv
Dé hAoine
(US, Canada, informal in UK) On Friday.

Friday /-di/ /-ˌdi/ /ˈfɹaɪdeɪ/ /ˈfɹaɪˌdeɪ/ Fridays n
Aoine Dé hAoine
The sixth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fifth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; the Muslim “Sabbath”; it follows Thursday and precedes Saturday.

Friesland /fɹiːzlænd/ /ˈfɹiːzlənd/ pn
Freaslainn
A province of the Netherlands.

Frisia pn
Freaslainn
(historical) A coastal region along the southeastern corner of the North Sea in what today is mostly a large part of the Netherlands (including present-day Frisia (see below)) and smaller parts of northern Germany (including present-day East Frisia). It is the traditional homeland of the Frisians.

Friulian /fɹiːuːli(ː)ən/ pn
Friúilis
A language spoken in Friuli.

Fula /ˈfuːlə/ pn
Fulfuildis Fuláinis
A language spoken in West Africa.

Furies pn
na Fúire
(Greek god) Synonym of Erinyes; the goddesses of vengeance.

G-string G-strings n
bídeog
A scanty covering for the genitalia, with a thin strip of fabric that passes between the buttocks.

GAA pn
CLG
Initialism of Gaelic Athletic Association (the governing body of the Irish sports of Gaelic football, hurling, camogie, handball, and rounders).

GDP /ˌd͡ʒiːdiːˈpiː/ GDPs n
OTI
(economics) Initialism of gross domestic product.

Gabon /ɡəˈbɒn/ pn
Gabúin An Ghabúin
A country in Central Africa. Official name: Gabonese Republic. Capital: Libreville.

Gabonese /ɡæ.bəˈniːz/ adj
Gabúnach
Of, from, or pertaining to Gabon or the Gabonese people

Gabonese /ɡæ.bəˈniːz/ Gabonese n
Gabúnach
A person from Gabon or of Gabonese descent.

Gabonese Republic pn
Poblacht na Gabúine
Official name of Gabon.

Gabriel /ˈɡeɪbɹi.əl/ pn
Gaibriéil
A en given name.
An archangel associated in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, with carrying messages from God.

Gaea /d͡ʒiːə/ /ˈɡaɪə/ pn
Gaia Gáia
.

Gael /ɡeɪl/ Gaels n
Gaedheal Gael
A member of an ethnic group in Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man, whose language is one that is Gaelic.

Gaelic /ˈɡalɪk/ /ˈɡeɪlɪk/ /ˈɡælɪk/ adj
Gaelach
Of or relating to the Gaels, the Goidel peoples of Scotland and Ireland, and the Manx, or their languages.

Gaelic football /ˌɡeɪlɪk ˈfʊtbɔl/ /ˌɡeɪlɪk ˈfʊtbɔːl/ /ˌɡæ-/ [-ˈfʊʔ-] n
caid peil peil Ghaelach
An Irish form of football played by two teams of 15 players each, who score by kicking or punching a ball into the opposing team's goal or over a crossbar and between two upright posts above the goal.

Gaelicize v
Gaelaigh
(transitive) To make Gaelic.

Gaelophone Gaelophones n
Gaeilgeoir
A speaker of Gaelic.

Galapagos Islands pn
Oileáin Galápagos
An archipelago off the coast of Ecuador, in the Pacific Ocean, famed for their influence on Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.

Galatia pn
Galáit
A region of ancient Asia Minor, in what is now central Turkey; a province of ancient Rome.

Galatian /ɡəˈleɪ.ʃən/ more Galatian most Galatian adj
Galátach
Of or pertaining to Galatia.

Galatian /ɡəˈleɪ.ʃən/ Galatians n
Galátach
A person from Galatia.

Galatians /ɡəˈleɪʃənz/ pn
Galátaigh Litir Naomh Pól chuig na Galátaigh
(biblical) The ninth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to the Galatians.

Galicia /ɡəˈlɪ.si.ə/ /ɡəˈlɪ.ʃə/ pn
Gailís
A former Iberian kingdom, now an autonomous region of Spain.

Galilee /ˈɡælɪliː/ pn
An Ghailíl
A mountainous geographic region in northern Israel.

Gallic /ˈɡælɪk/ more Gallic most Gallic adj
Francach
(historical) Of or related to Gaul or the Gauls.

Gallo Galloes Gallos pn
Gallóis
A Romance language spoken in north-west France, see Gallo language.

Gallo-Roman more Gallo-Roman most Gallo-Roman adj
Gall-Rómhánach
Pertaining to the period of Roman rule in Gaul, 50 BC–486 AD.

Gallo-Roman Gallo-Romans n
Gall-Rómhánach
(historical) A Romanized Gaul, i.e. a Gaulish person who adopted or adapted the culture, language etc. of the Roman Empire following the establishment of Roman rule in the region of Gaul.

Galway /ˈɡɔlweɪ/ /ˈɡɔːlweɪ/ pn
Gaillimh Cathair na Gaillimhe Contae na Gaillimhe
A city in County Galway, Ireland.

Galway Bay pn
Bá na Gaillimhe Cuan na Gaillimhe Loch Lurgain Loch Lurgan
A bay off the west coast of Ireland, between the counties of Galway and Clare.

Gambia /ˈɡæm.bi.ə/ pn
Gaimbia
A country in West Africa. Official name: Republic of The Gambia.

Gambian adj
Gaimbiach
Of, from, or pertaining to Gambia or the Gambian people.

Gambian Gambians n
Gaimbiach
A person from Gambia or of Gambian descent.

Ganges /ˈɡændʒiːz/ /ˈɡænd͡ʒiz/ pn
Ganga Ghainséis
A river in India and Bangladesh, sacred within Hinduism

Garden of Eden Gardens of Eden pn
Gairdín Pharthais Gairdín Éidin
(Abrahamic religions) In the Book of Genesis of the Bible and Surat Sad of the Qur'an, a garden at the source of the Gihon, Pishon, Tigris, and Euphrates rivers, where Adam and Eve first lived after being created.

Gaul /ɡɑl/ /ɡɔːl/ Gauls n
Gallach
A person from Gaul.

Gaul /ɡɑl/ /ɡɔːl/ pn
Gaill Gall
(chiefly, historic) A historical region roughly corresponding to modern France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, and parts of Northern Italy (Lombardy), the Netherlands, and Germany west of the Rhine.

Gaulish /ɡɑlɪʃ/ /ɡɔːlɪʃ/ adj
Gallach
Of or pertaining to Gaul.
Of or pertaining to the Celtic tribes speaking Gaulish languages.

Gaulish /ɡɑlɪʃ/ /ɡɔːlɪʃ/ pn
Gaillis
The Celtic language that was spoken in Gaul, long extinct.

Gaza Strip /ˌɡɑːzə ˈstɹɪp/ pn
Stráice Gaza
a region in Palestine between Egypt and Israel.

Ge'ez /ˈɡiːɛz/ pn
Aetóipis
An Ethiopian language which is extinct but still used liturgically.

Gemini /ˈd͡ʒɛmɪnaɪ/ /ˈd͡ʒɛmɪniː/ pn
Cúpla an Cúpla
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac traditionally taken to represent the pair of twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. It contains the stars Castor, Pollux, and Alhena.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the twins, ruled by Mercury and covering May 22 – June 21 (tropical astrology) or June 16 – July 15 (sidereal astrology).

General Secretary /ˈd͡ʒɛnəɹəl ˈsɛk.ɹəˌtə.ɹi/ General Secretaries n
Ard-Rúnaí
Chief officer or leader of a political party or organization, especially in Communist contexts.

Genesis /ˈd͡ʒɛ.nə.səs/ pn
Geineasas Leabhar Gheineasas
(religion, book of the bible) The first book in the Hebrew Bible.

Geneva /d͡ʒəˈniːvə/ pn
Cantún na Ginéive
A canton of Switzerland.
Ginéiv
A city and town in Ontario County, New York, an area of water in the city is in Seneca County.

Geneva Convention pn
Coinbhinsiún na Ginéive
(international law) An international treaty which defines the required treatment for prisoners of war by their captors.

Genoa /dʒɛnˈəʊ.ə/ /d͡ʒɛnˈoʊ.ə/ /ˈdʒɛn.əʊ.ə/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.oʊ.ə/ pn
Genova
The capital city of Liguria, Italy, and also of the province of Genoa.

Geoffrey /ˈd͡ʒɛfɹi/ pn
Siothrún Gofraid
A en given name. Popular in the U.K. in the 20th century.

George /dʒɔː(ɹ)dʒ/ Georges pn
Seoirse
A diminutive of the en given names Georgina or Georgia; also used in the conjoined name George Ann(e).

Georgia /ˈd͡ʒɔɹ.d͡ʒə/ /ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒə/ /ˈd͡ʒɔː.d͡ʒə/ pn
Seoirsia An tSeoirsia
A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe. Official name: Georgia. Capital: Tbilisi.
Georgia
A state in the Southern United States. Capital: Atlanta. It is named for George II of Great Britain (1683–1760).

Georgian /ˈd͡ʒoːd͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔɹd͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːd͡ʒən/ adj
Seoirseach
Of, from, or pertaining to the Eastern European country of Georgia, the Georgian people or the Georgian language.

Georgian /ˈd͡ʒoːd͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔɹd͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːd͡ʒən/ Georgians n
Seoirseach
(countable) A person or a descendant of a person from Georgia, a country in Eastern Europe and Western Asia.
Seoirsis Seoirseach
(countable) A native or resident of the state of Georgia in the United States of America.

Geraldine pn
Gearóidín
A en given name.

Gerard /d͡ʒəˈɹɑɹd/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɹɑːd/ pn
Gearóid
A en given name.

German /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mən/ Germanest more German most German adj
Gearmánach Gearmáinise Gearmáinis
Of or relating to the natives or inhabitants of Germany; to people of German descent.

German /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mən/ Germans n
Gearmánach Gearmáinis
(countable) A native or inhabitant of Germany; a person of German citizenship or nationality.
Gearmánach
A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is the most populous ethnic group in Germany; a person of German descent.

German /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mən/ pn
Gearmáinis
(uncountable) An Indo-European (Indo-Germanic) language, primarily spoken in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, South Tyrol, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and a small part of Belgium.
A number of townships in the United States, listed under German Township.

German Bight pn
Biochta na Gearmáine
A bight in the southeastern North Sea

German Democratic Republic pn
Poblacht Dhaonlathach na Gearmáine
The official name of East Germany from 1949 until reunification in 1990.

German Empire pn
Impireacht na Gearmáine
(historical) The German state which existed, with Berlin as its capital, between 1871 and 1918.

German shepherd German shepherds n
alsáiseach aoire Gearmánach madra Alsáiseach
A large-sized breed of dog often used as a guard dog or police dog.

Germanic /d͡ʒɜːˈmæn.ɪk/ /d͡ʒɝˈmæn.ɪk/ more Germanic most Germanic adj
Gearmánach
Relating to the Germanic peoples (such as Germans, Scandinavians or Anglo-Saxons).
(linguistics) Relating to the language or group of languages known as Germanic.
Having German characteristics.

Germanic /d͡ʒɜːˈmæn.ɪk/ /d͡ʒɝˈmæn.ɪk/ pn
Gearmáinic
(linguistics) The early, undocumented ancestral language from which other Germanic languages developed, such as Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, Frisian, English, German, Faroese, Icelandic, Yiddish, Norwegian and Swedish.
(linguistics) The group of Indo-European languages that developed from (Ur-)Germanic.

Germany /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mə.ni/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mə.ni/ Germanies Germanys pn
Gearmáin An Ghearmáin an Ghearmáin
A country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany. Official name: Federal Republic of Germany. Capital and largest city: Berlin.

Ghana /ˈɡænə/ /ˈɡɑnə/ /ˈɡɑːnə/ pn
Gána Poblacht Ghána
A country in West Africa. Official name: Republic of Ghana.

Giant's Causeway pn
Clochán an Aifir
A rock formation on the coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

Gilbertese pn
Gilbirtis
An Austronesian language spoken in Kiribati.

Girl Scout Girl Scouts n
banghasóg
(US) A member of the Girl Scouts, a worldwide youth organisation for girls, known as Girl Guides in Commonwealth countries.

Glagolitic /ˌɡlæɡəʊˈlɪtɪk/ /ˌɡlæɡəˈlɪtɪk/ adj
Glagalach
Of or written with the Glagolitic alphabet.

Glasgow /ˈɡlaz.ɡo/ /ˈɡles.kə/ /ˈɡlez.ɡə/ /ˈɡlæs-/ /ˈɡlæz-/ /ˈɡlæz.ɡoʊ/ /ˈɡlæz.ɡəʉ/ /ˈɡlɐːz.ɡɐʉ/ /ˈɡlɐːz.ɡəʉ/ /ˈɡlɑːs-/ /ˈɡlɑːz.ɡəʊ/ /ˈɡlɛz.ɡɐʉ/ pn
Glaschú
A major city and council area of Scotland, largest city in Scotland.

Glenties pn
na Gleannta
A small town in County Donegal, Ireland (Irish grid ref G 8194).

Glorious Revolution pn
An Réabhlóid Ghlórmhar
(historical, British history) The 1688 deposition of James II as King of England and Ireland and (as James VII) of Scotland and his subsequent replacement by his daughter Mary II and her Dutch husband William III (II of Scotland).

Goa pn
Goa
A state in western India. Capital: Panaji.

Gobi /ˈɡoʊ.bi/ pn
Gaineamhlach Ghóibí Góibí
A large desert in Asia, spanning the countries of Mongolia and China.

God /ɡɑ(d)/ /ɡɑd/ /ɡɒd/ /ɡɔːd/ Gods n
Dia
A being such as a monotheistic God: a single divine creator and ruler of the universe.

God /ɡɑ(d)/ /ɡɑd/ /ɡɒd/ /ɡɔːd/ Gods pn
Dia
The single deity of various monotheistic religions, especially the deity of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

God bless you interjection
bail ó Dhia ort go mbeannaí Dia duit
Short for May God bless you; said as a short prayer, benediction, or valediction for the recipient.
Dia linn
Said to somebody who has sneezed, as a rhetorical response;

God knows phraseologicalUnit
ag Dia atá a fhios
It is only known to God; it is unknown to people.

God willing interjection
le cúnamh Dé
Barring unforeseen circumstances, it is hoped that (while generally also indicating acceptance of God's will).

Godfrey /ˈɡɑdfɹi/ /ˈɡɒdfɹi/ Godfreys pn
Gofraidh
A en given name.

Godspeed /ˌɡɑdˈspid/ /ˌɡɒdˈspiːd/ interjection
go soirbhí Dia dhuit
(literary) Used, especially at a parting, to express the wish that the outcome of the actions of a person (typically someone about to start a journey or a daring endeavour) is positive for them.

Goidelic /ɡɔɪˈdɛlɪk/ n
Gaeilge Gaeilis
Division of the Gaelic languages including Irish Gaelic, Manx Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic.

Golan Heights pn
Arda Golan
A plateau straddling the border between Syria and Israel.

Golden Gate Bridge pn
Droichead an Gheata Órga
A 1.7-mile-long suspension bridge linking Marin County, California, to San Francisco, California.

Golden Retriever Golden Retrievers n
aimseadóir buí
A breed of dog, originating in Britain.

Gondwana /ɡɑndˈwɑnə/ /ɡɒndˈwɑːnə/ pn
Gonduana Gonduanalainn
(geology) A southern supercontinent, formed before Pangaea between 600 and 530 million years ago, that included most of the landmasses which make up today's continents of the Southern Hemisphere.

Good Friday Good Fridays pn
Aoine an Chéasta
(Christianity) The Friday before Easter Sunday, the commemoration of the day on which Christ was crucified.

Good Samaritan Good Samaritans n
Samárach Maith
(figurative, idiomatic) A person who helps someone in distress out of their own good nature.

Gorbachev pn
Gorbaitsov
A transliteration of the Russian surname Горбачёв (Gorbačóv).

Goth /ɡɑθ/ /ɡɒθ/ Goths n
Gotach
A member of the East Germanic people known for their invasion of the western Roman Empire and subsequent founding of successor states in Italy and Spain during Late Antiquity.

Gothic /ˈɡɑ.θɪk/ /ˈɡɒθ.ɪk/ more Gothic most Gothic adj
Gotach
Of or relating to the Goths or their language. [from 1611]
gotach
(architecture) Of or relating to the architectural style favored in Western Europe in the 12th to 16th centuries, with high-pointed arches, clustered columns, etc. [from 1640s]
(literature) Of or relating to the style of fictional writing associated with Gothic fiction, emphasizing violent or macabre events in a mysterious, desolate setting. [from early 19th c.]
(typography, USA) Of a sans serif typeface using straight, even-width lines, also known as grotesque.
Of or relating to the goth subculture, music or lifestyle. [from 1980s]

Gothic /ˈɡɑ.θɪk/ /ˈɡɒθ.ɪk/ pn
Gotais
An extinct Germanic language, once spoken by the Goths.

Grandmaster Grandmasters n
Ardmháistir
(chess) A player of the highest rank, as determined by FIDE, with an Elo rating of at least 2500. [From 1950.]

Great Barrier Reef pn
an Mhórsceir Bhacainneach
A massive system of coral reefs, found in the Coral Sea off the coast of Australia.

Great Britain pn
Breatain Mhór An Bhreatain
(geographical) an island and sometimes including some of the surrounding smaller islands) off the north-west coast of Western Europe made up of England, Scotland, and Wales.

Great Dane Great Danes n
danar mór
A mastiff known for its great size, bred in Germany to hunt boar and large game.

Great Lakes pn
Na Lochanna Móra
A group of five lakes on the United States–Canada border, consisting of Lake Superior, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron (Lake Michigan–Huron), Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.

Greater London pn
Londain Mhór
An administrative area in England combining the City of London, the City of Westminster and 31 other London boroughs. Greater London borders (anticlockwise) Essex, Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Surrey and Kent.

Greco- /ˈɡɹikoʊ-/ /ˈɡɹɛkoʊ-/ prefix
Gréag-
Greek, often in reference to ancient Greece.

Greco-Roman /ˌɡɹiːkəʊˈɹəʊmən/ /ˌɡɹɛkoʊˈɹoʊmən/ more Greco-Roman most Greco-Roman adj
Gréag-Rómhánach
Of or pertaining to Greek or Roman culture.
(wrestling) Describing Greco-Roman wrestling, a form of wrestling where fighters may only attack above the waist.

Greece /ɡɹiːs/ pn
Gréig An Ghréig
A country in Southeast Europe. Official name: Hellenic Republic. Capital and largest city: Athens.

Greek /ɡɹiːk/ Greeker Greekest adj
Gréagach Gréigis
Of or relating to Greece, its people, its language, or its culture

Greek /ɡɹiːk/ Greeks n
Gréagach
(countable) A person from Greece or of Greek descent.

Greek /ɡɹiːk/ Greeks pn
Gréigis
The language spoken by people of Greece, particularly, depending on context, Ancient Greek or Modern Greek.

Greek Orthodox Church pn
Eaglais Cheartchreidmheach na Gréige
A group of Eastern Orthodox churches comprising the churches of Constantinople, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Cyprus and Greece.

Greek fire n
tine Ghréagach
(historical) A highly flammable substance of unknown composition first used by the Greeks of Constantinople in the 7th century C.E. to set fire to enemy ships, buildings etc.

Green Hmong pn
Hmongais Ghlas
A Hmongic lect spoken in Laos and elsewhere, including among Hmong American communities, and written using the Latin or Pahawh Hmong scripts.

Green Party pn
Comhaontas Glas
The particular green party of a country or region.

Greenland /ˈɡɹiːn.lænd/ /ˈɡɹiːn.lənd/ pn
Graonlainn
A large self-governing dependent territory of Denmark, in North America.

Greenland shark Greenland sharks n
siorc beagcheannach
A large shark (Somniosus microcephalus) that inhabits the northern Atlantic Ocean.

Greenlander Greenlanders n
Graonlannach
A person from Greenland or of Greenlandic descent.

Greenlandic adj
Graonlannach
Of, from, or pertaining to Greenland, the Greenlandic people or the Greenlandic language.

Greenlandic pn
Graonlainnis
The official language of Greenland, an Eskimo-Aleut language written with the Latin alphabet.

Gregorian /ɡɹɪɡɔːɹi.ən/ adj
Greagórach
Of or relating to a person named Gregory, especially any of the popes of that name.

Gregorian chant Gregorian chants n
cantaireacht Ghréagórach
(music) A style of unaccompanied monophonic singing in the Catholic Church.

Gregory /ˈɡɹɛɡəɹi/ Gregorys pn
Gréagóir
A en given name.

Grenada /ɡɹəˈneɪdə/ pn
Greanáda
An island and country in the Caribbean.

Grenadines pn
Greanáidíní
A group of small islands in the Caribbean, divided between the larger islands of Grenada and Saint Vincent, in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

Greystones pn
Na Clocha Liatha
A coastal town in County Wicklow, Ireland (Irish grid ref O 2912).

Grim Reaper /ˈɡɹɪm ˈɹi.pɚ/ /ˈɡɹɪm ˈɹiː.pə/ Grim Reapers pn
Bás
A personification of Death as an old man, or a skeleton, carrying a scythe, taking souls to the afterlife.

Grus pn
Corr
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a crane. It contains the star Alnair and lies south of the constellation Piscis Austrinus.

Guantanamo Bay /ˌɡwɑnˈtɑːnɑmoʊ ˈbeɪ/ pn
Cuan Guantanamo
A US naval base in South-East Cuba.

Guaraní /ˌɡwɑːɹəˈniː/ pn
Guaráinis
South-American Indian language of the Tupí-Guaraní family; spoken in Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina.

Guatemala /ˌɡwɑː.təˈmɑː.lə/ pn
Guatamala
A country in Central America. Official name: Republic of Guatemala.

Guatemala City pn
Cathair Ghuatamala
The capital city of Guatemala.

Guernsey /ˈɡɜːnzi/ /ˈɡɝnzi/ pn
Geansaí
An island, the second-largest of the Channel Islands

Guillain-Barré syndrome /-bɑɹˈeɪ-/ /ɡiːˈæn bəˈɹeɪ ˈsɪndɹoʊm/ /ɡiːˈɑːn-/ /ˈɡiː.ãˈbær.eɪ ˌsɪn.drəʊm/ n
géarpholaifhréamhán-néarapaite dhímhiailinitheach athlastach siondróm Guillain-Barré
(neurology, disease) Rapid-onset muscle weakness, often severe and sometimes fatal, resulting from impaired peripheral nervous system function, associated with various viral and other infections.

Guinea /ˈɡɪniː/ pn
Guine Poblacht na Guine
(historical) The coastal region of West Africa between Morocco and the Congo, particularly the north shore of the Gulf of Guinea.

Guinean adj
Guineach
From Guinea.

Guinean Guineans n
Guineach
Someone from Guinea or of Guinean descent.

Guinevere /ˈɡwɪ.nə.vɪə/ /ˈɡwɪ.nə.vɪɹ/ pn
Fionnabhair
A en given name.

Gujarati /ˌɡuːd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/ /ˌɡʊd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/ pn
Gúisearáitis
The Indic language spoken in the state of Gujarat, India

Gulf of Aden pn
Murascaill Áidin
A gulf between Yemen and Somalia, connected to the Somali Sea through the Guardafui Channel.

Gulf of Alaska pn
Murascaill Alasca
An arm of the Pacific Ocean defined by the curve of the southern coast of Alaska, stretching from the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island in the west to the Alexander Archipelago in the east

Gulf of Bothnia /ˌɡʌlf əv ˈbɒθniə/ pn
Murascaill Bhotnia
The northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, separating the countries of Sweden and Finland.

Gulf of California pn
Murascaill California
a body of water that separates the Baja California Peninsula from the Mexican mainland

Gulf of Finland pn
Murascaill na Fionlainne
An arm of the Baltic Sea that separates the European countries of Estonia and Finland. On its eastern end, the Neva at the Russian city of St. Petersburg empties into it.

Gulf of Guinea pn
Murascaill na Guine
Part of the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Africa.

Gulf of Mexico pn
Murascaill Mheicsiceo
A gulf to the south of the United States and to the east and north of Mexico.

Gulf of Riga pn
Murascaill Ríge
The inland body of water that is part of the Baltic Sea in eastern Europe and is near Latvia and Estonia.

Gulf of Thailand pn
Murascaill na Téalainne
An inland body of water in the Pacific Ocean that is southeast of Southeast Asia below the countries of Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia, and is close to the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia.

Gunpowder Plot pn
Comhcheilg an Phúdair
(British) A failed plot, in November 1605, to kill the Protestant king James I of England and VI of Scotland, and to blow up the House of Lords using gunpowder, annually commemorated on Guy Fawkes Day.

Gurmukhi pn
Gurmúcaí
An abugida script, or writing system, designed for writing the Punjabi language used primarily in Punjab, India

Gutnish pn
Gotlainnis
The native language of the island of Gotland in present day Sweden, used both as a spoken and written language until late medieval times. Modern Gutnish is increasingly marginalised by Standard Swedish.

Guyana /ɡaɪˈæn.ə/ /ɡaɪˈɑː.nə/ pn
Guáin Ghuáin
A country in South America. Official name: Co-operative Republic of Guyana. Capital and largest city: Georgetown.

Guyanese /ˌɡaɪəˈniːz/ adj
Guánach
Of, from, or pertaining to Guyana, the Guyanese people or the Guyanese language.

Guyanese /ˌɡaɪəˈniːz/ Guyanese n
Guánach
A person from Guyana or of Guyanese descent.

Gweedore /ɡwiːˈdoːɹ/ pn
Gaoth Dobhair
A parish of County Donegal, Ireland

Gypsy /ˈd͡ʒɪp.si/ Gypsies n
duine den lucht siúil giofóg
(sometimes, offensive) A member of the Romani people, or one of the sub-groups (Roma, Sinti, Romanichal, etc).
A member of other nomadic peoples, not only of the Romani people; a traveller.

H-bomb H-bombs n
Buama H
(slang) A hydrogen bomb.

HIV /ˌeɪt͡ʃ.aɪˈviː/ n
VEID víreas easpa imdhíonachta daonna
(virology) Initialism of human immunodeficiency virus. [from 1986]

Habakkuk /həˈbæk.ək/ /ˈhæb.ə.kək/ pn
Habacúc Leabhar Habacúc
A prophetic book in the Old Testament of the Bible, one of the minor prophets; or the eighth part of the Tere Asar in the Jewish Tanakh.

Hades /ˈhadiːz/ /ˈheɪdiːz/ pn
Háidéas
(Greek god) The god of the underworld and ruler of the dead, son of Cronus and Rhea, brother of Zeus and Poseidon.
(Greek mythology) The underworld, the domain of Hades, by transference from its god.

Haggai /ˈhæɡaɪ/ pn
Hagaí Leabhar Hagaí
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible and the Tanakh.

Haida /ˈhaɪdə/ n
Haídeach
An indigenous people of the Northwest Coast of North America who live primarily in British Columbia and Alaska.

Haida /ˈhaɪdə/ pn
Haídis
The indigenous language of this people.

Hail Mary Hail Maries Hail Marys n
is é do Bheatha, a Mhuire Áivé Máiria
(Christianity) A prayer calling for the intercession of the Virgin Mary.

Haiti /ˈheɪ.ti/ pn
Háítí
A country in the Caribbean. Official name: Republic of Haiti.

Haitian Creole n
Criól Fraincise Háítí
A language spoken in Haiti; developed first as a creole based on French and several West African languages.

Hakka /ˈhɑkə/ pn
Haicéis
A Chinese language mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of mainland China (Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi), Taiwan, Hong Kong, and by the Chinese minorities in Southeast Asia.

Halloween /ˌha.ləʊˈiːn/ /ˌha.ləˈwiːn/ /ˌhæ.loʊˈiːn/ /ˌhæ.ləˈwiːn/ /ˌhɑ.ləˈwiːn/ Halloweens pn
Oíche Shamhna
The eve of All Hallows' Day; October 31st; celebrated (mostly in English-speaking countries) by children going door-to-door in costume and soliciting candy with menaces.

Hanoi /hæˈnɔɪ/ /hɑːˈnɔɪ/ pn
Hanáí
The capital city of Vietnam.

Hanseatic adj
Hainseatach
Of or pertaining to the German Hanse.

Hanseatic city Hanseatic cities n
cathair Hainseatach
(historical) A member city of the Hanseatic League.
A former member city of the Hanseatic League.

Harold /ˈhæɹəld/ Harolds pn
Aralt
A en given name.

Hartley County pn
Contae Hartley
One of 254 counties in Texas, United States. County seat: Channing.

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan pn
Ríocht Haisimíteach na hIordáine
The official name of Jordan.

Hauran pn
Háúrán
A volcanic plateau and geographic area located in southwestern Syria and extending into the northwestern corner of Jordan.

Hausa /ˈhaʊsə/ pn
Hásais
The Chadic language spoken by these people.

Haversian canal Haversian canals n
canáil Havers
(anatomy) A hollow channel in the center of an osteon, running parallel to the length of a bone.

Hawaii /həˈvaɪʔi/ /həˈvɑːʔi/ /həˈwaɪ(j)i/ /həˈwaɪ.i/ /həˈwɑ(j)i/ /həˈwɔ(j)i/ [hʊ̈ˈwaɪ̯(j)i] [hʊ̈ˈwɑ(j)i] [hʊ̈ˈwɔ(j)i] pn
Haváí Oileáin Haváí
(specifically) An island in Hawaii archipelago, Pacific Ocean, of Hawaii County, State of Hawaii, United States. The largest of the Hawaiian Islands.

Hawaiian /hə.ˈwaɪ.jən/ /hə.ˈwaɪ.ən/ more Hawaiian most Hawaiian adj
Haváíoch
(of a person) Descended from the peoples inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands prior to European contact.
Of or having to do with the Hawaiian race, culture, or language.
Of or having to do with the culture of the US state of Hawaii.
Of or having to do with a resident of the US state of Hawaii.

Hawaiian /hə.ˈwaɪ.jən/ /hə.ˈwaɪ.ən/ Hawaiians n
Haváíoch
(countable) A descendant of the peoples inhabiting the Hawaiian Islands prior to European contact.
(countable, nonstandard, proscribed) A native or resident of the state of Hawaii in the United States of America.

Hawaiian /hə.ˈwaɪ.jən/ /hə.ˈwaɪ.ən/ pn
Haváis
The Hawaiian language.

Hebraic /hiːˈbɹeɪ.ɪk/ /hɪˈbɹeɪ.ɪk/ more Hebraic most Hebraic adj
Eabhrach

Hebrew /ˈhiːbɹuː/ adj
Eabhrach Eabhraise
Of or pertaining to the Hebrew people or language.

Hebrew /ˈhiːbɹuː/ Hebrews n
Eabhrach
(countable) A member or descendant of a Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
(countable) A descendant of the biblical Patriarch Eber.
(uncountable, colloquial) Unintelligible speech or writing.
Eabhrais Eabhrach
(uncountable) The Semitic language spoken by the Hebrew people.
(uncountable) The writing system used in Hebrew language.

Hebrews pn
Eabhraigh Litir chuig na hEabhraigh
(biblical) The nineteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle to the Hebrews.

Hebridean /ˌhɛbɹəˈdiːən/ /ˌhɛbɹɪˈdiːən/ more Hebridean most Hebridean adj
Inse Ghall
Of or pertaining to the Hebrides.

Hebrides /ˈhɛbɹədiːz/ pn
Inse Ghall
The islands off the west coast of Scotland, divided into the Inner Hebrides and the Outer Hebrides.

Hebron pn
Heabrón
A city in North Dakota; named for the city in Palestine.

Hector /ˈhɛktə/ /ˈhɛktɚ/ pn
Eachtar
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A Trojan hero in Homer's Iliad.

Helen /ˈhɛlən/ Helens pn
Léan
A en given name.

Helios /ˈhiːliɒs/ pn
Helios
(Greek god) The god of the Sun; son of Hyperion and Theia, brother of Selene and Eos, father of Phaeton amongst others. His Roman counterpart is Sol.

Hellene Hellenes n
Heilléanach
A Greek, especially an Ancient Greek.

Hellenic /həˈlɛnɪk/ more Hellenic most Hellenic adj
Gréagach Heilléanach
Of or relating to the ancient Greek culture and civilization before the Hellenistic period.
Heilléanach
Of or relating to Hellas (Greece) or the Hellenes (Greeks).

Hellenic /həˈlɛnɪk/ pn
Heilléinic
The Greek language and its dialects from the earliest records (Linear B inscriptions, about 1600-1300 B.C.E.) to the present Modern Greek.

Hellenic Republic pn
Poblacht Heilléanach Poblacht Heilléineach
The official English name of Greece.

Hellenism Hellenisms n
Gréagachas Heilléanachas
Any of the characteristics of ancient Greek culture, civilization, principles and ideals, including humanism, reason, the pursuit of knowledge and the arts, moderation and civic responsibility.
Heilléanachas
The admiration for and adoption of ancient Greek culture, ideas and civilization.

Hellenist /ˈhɛl.ə.nɪst/ /ˈhɛl.ɪ.nɪst/ Hellenists n
Gréagóir Heilléanaí Heilléiní
A specialist in the study of Greek language, literature, culture, or history, or an admirer of the Greek culture and civilization.
A person who adopted the Greek customs, language and culture during the Hellenistic period, especially a Hellenized Jew.

Hellespont /ˈhɛl.ɪ.spɒnt/ /ˈhɛl.ɪs.pɑnt/ pn
Heilléaspontas
(historical) The strait connecting the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean Sea to the west.

Helsinki /hɛlˈsɪŋ.ki/ pn
Heilsincí
The capital city of Finland

Henry /ˈhɛn.ɹi/ pn
Anraí Hamhrí
A en given name, popular in England since Middle Ages; the name of eight kings.

Hephaestus /hɪˈfiːstəs/ /hɪˈfɛstəs, -eɪstəs/ pn
Héafaestas
(Greek god) The god of fire, smithwork, metallurgy, volcanoes, and artisans, who served as blacksmith of the gods. His Roman counterpart is Vulcan.

Hera /ˈhɪəɹə/ /ˈhɪɹə/ pn
Héire
(Greek god) The queen of the gods, and goddess of marriage and birth; daughter of Cronus and Rhea, sister and wife of Zeus, mother of Hephaestus, Ares, Hebe, and Enyo.

Heracles /ˈhɛɹəkliːz/ pn
Earcail
(Greek mythology) : Son of Zeus and Alcmene, a celebrated hero who possessed exceptional strength. Most famous for his 12 labours performed to redeem himself after killing his family.

Hercules /ˈhɜːkjəliːz/ /ˈhɜːkjʊliːz/ /ˈhɝːkjəliːz/ /ˈhɝːkjʊliːz/ Hercules Hercules's Herculeses Herculesses pn
Earcail
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the mythical hero. It lies between the constellations Lyra and Corona Borealis.

Herero /hɛˈrɛəroʊ/ pn
Heiréiris
The language of the Herero people.

Hermes /ˈhɝmiːz/ pn
Heirméas
(Greek god) The herald and messenger of the gods, and the god of roads, commerce, invention, cunning, and theft.

Herod /ˈhɛɹəd/ pn
Héaród
The name of any of a number of members of the Herodian dynasty who ruled in the Roman province of Judea, most notably Herod the Great, who ordered the Massacre of the Innocents, or Herod Antipas, his son, who met Jesus during his Passion.

Herzegovina /ˌhɜɹtsəɡoʊˈviːnə/ /ˌhɜːtsəˈɡɒvɪnə/ pn
Heirseagaivéin
The southern wedge of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, representing a geographic and historic entity, and not an administrative unit.

Herzegovinian adj
Heirseagaivéineach
Of, from, or pertaining to Herzegovina and its inhabitants.

Herzegovinian Herzegovinians n
Heirseagaivéineach
A person from Herzegovina (southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Hessian /ˈhɛsɪən/ /ˈhɛsɪɛn/ /ˈhɛʃən/ more Hessian most Hessian adj
Heiseánach
Of, from or relating to Hesse in Germany.
Of or relating to the German mathematician Otto Hesse (1811–1874).

Hestia /ˈhɛsti.ə/ pn
Heistia
(Greek god) The virgin goddess of the hearth, and the household, and therefore of domestic life.

Hezekiah /ˌhɛzəˈkaɪə/ pn
Hiziciá
(biblical character) A king of Judah.

Hieronymus Hieronymuses pn
Iaróm
A surname transferred from the given name.

High German High Germans n
Ard-Ghearmáinis
Any of a group of West Germanic languages or dialects spoken in the southern highlands of Germany.
The standard variety of High German as spoken and written throughout the German language area.

High Mass High Masses n
Aifreann Ard Aifreann Mór Ard-Aifreann
A Roman Catholic or Anglo-Catholic Mass celebrated in full ceremonial form, in which the celebrant is generally assisted by a deacon and, in the Tridentine form, a subdeacon, and accompanied by acolytes, a thurifer, and a choir.

Highlander Highlanders n
Gael Híleantóir
A person from the Highlands.

Highlands pn
na Garbhchríocha
The mountainous northern area of Scotland.

Himalayan adj
Himiléach
Of or relating to the Himalayas.

Hindi /ˈhɪndi/ pn
Hiondúis
The Central Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. These are also spoken in Fiji, Guyana and as a second language by Indians in many other countries.

Hindustani Hindustanis n
Hiondústánach
A person from India, varying historically from the entire subcontinent to India north of the Deccan, especially the plains of the Ganges and Jumna.

Hindustani pn
Hiondústáinis
The Delhi dialect of that language.
(historical) The language which is now known as Urdu.
(historical) The language which is now known as Hindi.

Hiram /ˈhaɪɹəm/ pn
Híorám
A king of Tyre. (biblical character)

Hispaniola /hɪsˌpæniˈoʊlə/ /hɪsˌpæniˈəʊlə/ /ˌhɪspənˈjoʊlə/ pn
Easpáinneoil
An island in the Caribbean, divided politically into the independent nations of Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

Hittite /ˈhɪ.taɪt/ adj
Hiteach Hitise
Of or relating to the Hittite people.
Of or relating to the Hittite language.
Of or relating to the Hittite Kingdom, located in central Anatolia (modern Turkey), that flourished from about 1800 to 1400 B.C.E..

Hittite /ˈhɪ.taɪt/ Hittites n
Hiteach
A person of the Hittite Kingdom, a Bronze Age kingdom of Anatolia.

Hittite /ˈhɪ.taɪt/ pn
Hitis
An ancient Indo-European language of the Anatolian branch, attested from the 16th century BC until the 13th century BC.

Hmong /h(ə)ˈmɑŋ/ /h(ə)ˈmɒŋ/ /h(ə)ˈmɔŋ/ /ˈmɑŋ/ /ˈmɒŋ/ /ˈmɔŋ/ /ˈmʌŋ/ pn
Hmongais
The lect spoken by these people, which is a cluster of a large number of lects which are sometimes considered dialects and sometimes separate languages.

Holland /ˈhɑlənd/ /ˈhɒlənd/ pn
Ollainn
A traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland.

Holocaust /ˈhɑləkɑst/ /ˈhɑləkɔst/ /ˈhɒləkɔːst/ Holocausts pn
Uileloscadh
(historical, narrowly) The systematic mass murder (genocide) of six million Jews perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.
(historical, broadly) The systematic mass murder (democide) of somewhere between eleven and fourteen million people, namely six million Jews and from five to eight million others (including Romanis, Slavs, homosexuals, and people with physical and mental disabilities), perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.

Holy Communion pn
Comaoin Comaoineach Naofa
A Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper of Christ, with the physical forms of bread and usually wine which are believed by certain denominations to become Christ himself or to host his spiritual presence.

Holy Family pn
Naomhtheaghlach
(Christianity) Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and Joseph.

Holy Father pn
Athair Naofa
The title of the Pope of the Catholic Church.

Holy Grail Holy Grails pn
Soitheach Naofa
(Arthurian mythology) An artifact in Arthurian mythology, being the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper and in which some of his blood was caught during the crucifixion.

Holy Land pn
Talamh Naofa Tír Bheannaithe
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) That part of the Middle East, consisting mostly of Israel and Palestine, in which most Biblical events are set.

Holy Roman Empire pn
Impireacht Naofa na Róimhe Naomh-Impireacht Rómhánach
(history) A political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe from at least 962 C.E. until 1806. [from 17th c.]

Holy Saturday Holy Saturdays n
Satharn Cásca
The Saturday immediately after Good Friday and before Easter.

Holy See /ˌhəʊli ˈsiː/ pn
An Suí Naofa
The episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent see of the Catholic Church. It is also the sovereign entity headed by the Pope which governs the Vatican and represents the Catholic Church in temporal affairs.

Holy Spirit pn
Naomhspiorad Spiorad Naomh
(Christianity) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence present in the faithful (particularly inspired prophets) and considered to proceed either from (Eastern Orthodoxy) God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.

Holy Wednesday Holy Wednesdays n
Céadaoin an Bhraith
The Wednesday of Holy Week; the day before Maundy Thursday.

Holy Week pn
Seachtain Mhór Seachtain na Páise
The week preceding Easter containing Palm Sunday, Holy Monday, Holy Tuesday, Holy Wednesday (Spy Wednesday), Holy Thursday (Maundy Thursday), Holy Friday (Good Friday), and Holy Saturday.

Homer /ˈhoʊməɹ/ /ˈhəʊmə/ Homers pn
Hóiméar
Ancient Greek poet; author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.

Homeric /hoʊˈmɛɹɪk/ /həʊˈmɛɹɪk/ more Homeric most Homeric adj
Hóiméarach
Resembling or relating to the epic poetry of Homer.

Honduran more Honduran most Honduran adj
Hondúrach
Of, from, or pertaining to Honduras or the Honduran people.

Honduran Hondurans n
Hondúrach
A person from Honduras or of Honduran descent.

Honduras /hɑnˈdjʊɹ.əs/ /hɑnˈdʊɹ.əs/ /hɒnˈdjʊə.ɹəs/ pn
Hondúras
A country in Central America. Official name: Republic of Honduras.

Hong Kong /ˌhɑŋˈkɑŋ/ /ˌhɒŋˈkɒŋ/ /ˌhɔŋˈkɔŋ/ [hɔŋ˥ kʰɔŋ˥] pn
Hong Cong
A city in southeastern China, located on an island east of the Pearl River delta in the South China Sea; formerly owned by the United Kingdom.

Hong Kong dollar Hong Kong dollars n
dollar Hong Cong
The currency of SAR Hong Kong.

Honiara /ˌhəʊnɪˈɑːɹə/ pn
Hóiniára
The capital city of the Solomon Islands.

Honshu /ˈhɑnʃu/ pn
Hoinsiú
The main island of the Japanese Archipelago.

Hopi /ˈhoʊ.pi/ /ˈhəʊ.pi/ Hopi Hopis n
Hóipeach
A member of a particular tribe of North American natives.

Hopi /ˈhoʊ.pi/ /ˈhəʊ.pi/ pn
Hóipis
The Uto-Aztecan language spoken by this North American tribe.

Horace /ˈhɑɹəs/ /ˈhɑɹɪs/ /ˈhɒɹɪs/ /ˈhɔɹəs/ Horaces pn
Horás
A en given name

Horatian more Horatian most Horatian adj
Horáiteach
(literature, poetry) Of or pertaining to the Roman poet Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus; 65–8 BCE) or to his works or style.

Horologium pn
Clog
(astronomy) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a pendulum clock. It lies between the constellations Fornax and Dorado.

Hosea /hoʊˈzeɪə/ /ˌhoʊˈziːə/ pn
Hóisé
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible.
(biblical character) A prophet.

Hottentot teal Hottentot teals n
praslacha Hotantatach
Anas hottentota, a species of dabbling duck.

Howard /ˈhaʊəd/ /ˈhaʊɚd/ Howards pn
Ní hÍomhair
A en given name, transferred back from the surname. Short form: Howie.

Hudson Bay pn
Bá Hudson
A gulf of Nunavut, Canada, a southern extension of the Arctic Ocean. A large arctic sea, surrounded on three sides, by Quebec on the east, Nunavut to the west, Manitoba to the southwest, Ontario on the south, and extending southeast becoming James Bay. To the north lies the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean.

Hugh /hjuː/ pn
Aodh
(rare, _, compared to given name) A surname originating as a patronymic.

Huguenot /ˈhju.ɡə.nɒt/ /ˈhjuː.ɡə.nəʊ/ [ˈɕu.ɡə.nɒt] more Huguenot most Huguenot adj
Úgónach
Of, like or relating to Huguenotism or Huguenots.

Huguenot /ˈhju.ɡə.nɒt/ /ˈhjuː.ɡə.nəʊ/ [ˈɕu.ɡə.nɒt] Huguenots n
Úgónach
(historical) A member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France during the 16th and 17th century.

Humpty Dumpty pn
Filimín Failimín
A nursery rhyme character, a short, squat, egg-like being who falls from a wall and breaks, whose name has become synonymous with anything fragile or the existence of which is precarious.

Hundred Years' War pn
Cogadh Céad Bliain
A series of conflicts between France and England, lasting 116 years from 1337 to 1453.

Hungarian /hʌŋˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/ adj
Ungárach Ungáiris
Of, from, or pertaining to the Kingdom of Hungary, during the days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of ethnicity.

Hungarian /hʌŋˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/ Hungarians n
Ungárach
A person from the former Kingdom of Hungary, during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of that person's ethnicity.
Ungáiris
(uncountable) The main language of Hungary.

Hungary /ˈhʌŋ.ɡəɹ.i/ pn
Ungáir
A country in Central Europe. Capital and largest city: Budapest.

Hydra /ˈhaɪ̯dɹə/ [ˈhaɪ̯dɹə] [ˈhaɪ̯d͡ʒɹə] pn
Hydra
(Greek mythology) A mythological serpent with many heads, slain by Hercules as one of his twelve labours.
(astronomy) One of Pluto's moons.
Péist Uisce
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a serpent. It lies just south of the zodiac and contains the star Alphard.

Hydrus pn
Péist Bheag
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a small serpent. It lies between the constellations Mensa and Tucana. It is not to be confused with the constellation Hydra.

I /aɪ/ [aj] [aː] [ɑe̯] [ɑj] pronoun
mé mise
The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical subject, of a sentence.
(nonstandard) The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical object, of a sentence.

I am English phraseologicalUnit
is Sasanach mé
Indicates that the speaker is from England.

I came, I saw, I conquered phraseologicalUnit
tháinag, chonac, bhuas tháinaig mé, chonaic mé, bhuaigh mé
I have gained a total and swift victory.

I don't eat fish phraseologicalUnit
ní ithim iasc
Indicates that the speaker does not eat fish.

I don't eat meat phraseologicalUnit
ní ithim feoil
Indicates that the speaker does not eat meat.

I don't eat pork phraseologicalUnit
ní ithim muiceoil
Indicates that the speaker does not eat pork.

I don't know [-˩˥˨] [mː-] [ɑ̈ɪ̯ ɾoʊ̯(ʔ)(t̚) noʊ̯] [ə̃ː˦˩˦] phraseologicalUnit
níl a fhios agam
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see I,‎ don't,‎ know.

I don't speak English phraseologicalUnit
Níl Béarla agam Níl Gaeilge agam
Indicates that the speaker is unable to speak the English language.

I don't understand phraseologicalUnit
ní thuigim
Indicates that the speaker is not understanding the current subject or situation.

I have a question phraseologicalUnit
tá ceist agam
Indicates that the speaker wants to ask a question.

I have asthma phraseologicalUnit
tá asma orm
Indicates that the speaker is afflicted with asthma

I have cancer phraseologicalUnit
tá ailse orm
Indicates that the speaker is afflicted with some form of cancer.

I have diabetes phraseologicalUnit
tá diaibéiteas orm
Indicates that the speaker has diabetes.

I live in Melbourne phraseologicalUnit
tá mé i mo chónaí i Melbourne
Explains that the person lives in Melbourne (example city).

I love you /aɪ ˈlʌv juː/ phraseologicalUnit
tá grá agam dhuit tá grá agam duit
An affirmation of affection or deep caring, especially to a family member.
mo ghrá thú tá grá agam dhuit tá grá agam duit
An affirmation of romantic feeling to a lover or spouse.
is breá liom thú tá cion agam ort tá mé go maith duit
A platonic expression of strong inclination or liking to a friend.

I must go phraseologicalUnit
caithfidh mé imeacht
I must leave

I'm a Buddhist phraseologicalUnit
is Búdaí mé
Indicates that the speaker is a Buddhist.

I'm a Muslim phraseologicalUnit
tá mé moslamach
Indicates that the speaker is a Muslim.

I'm a vegan phraseologicalUnit
tá mé i mo veigeán
Indicates that the speaker is a vegan.

I'm a vegetarian phraseologicalUnit
tá mé i m'fheoilséantóir tá mé i mo veigeatóir
Indicates that the speaker is a vegetarian.

I'm allergic to aspirin phraseologicalUnit
tá ailléirge orm le haspairín
Indicates that the speaker has an allergy to aspirin.

I'm allergic to nuts phraseologicalUnit
tá ailléirge orm le cnónna
Indicates that the speaker has an allergy to nuts.

I'm allergic to penicillin phraseologicalUnit
tá ailléirge orm le pheinicillin
Indicates that the speaker has an allergy to penicillin.

I'm hungry phraseologicalUnit
tá ocras orm
I have a strong appetite to eat.

I'm in love with you phraseologicalUnit
táim i ngrá leat
A declaration of passion or romantic feeling.

I'm pregnant phraseologicalUnit
tá mé ag iompar tá mé torrach
Indicates that the speaker is pregnant.

I'm sick phraseologicalUnit
táim tinn
Indicates that the speaker has an illness.

I'm sorry phraseologicalUnit
tá brón orm

I-beam I-beams n
I-bhíoma
(engineering) A beam with cross-section shaped like a capital letter I (with serifs top and bottom), used in construction.

IPA /ˌaɪ.piːˈeɪ/ [ˌaɪ.pʰiːˈeɪ] pn
AIF
Initialism of International Phonetic Alphabet.

Iberia /aɪˈbɪəɹ.i.ə/ /aɪˈbɪɹ.i.ə/ pn
Ibéir
A region of Europe south of the Pyrenees, consisting of Andorra, Spain, Portugal, and Gibraltar.
an Ibéir
(historical) Antique and Byzantine name for the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli in Eastern Europe, located east of Colchis, corresponding roughly to the eastern parts of present-day Georgia.

Iberian more Iberian most Iberian adj
Ibéarach
Native to Iberia.

Iberian Iberians n
Ibéarach Ibéaraigh
(countable) A native of Iberia (the European peninsula).

Iberian Peninsula pn
Leithinis na hIbéire
A peninsula located in the extreme southwest of Europe which includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar, bordered on the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Pyrenees forming the northeast edge of the peninsula, connecting it to the rest of Europe.

Iberian lynx Iberian lynxes n
lincse Ibéarach lincse Spáinneach
An endangered species of lynx, Lynx pardinus, native to the Iberian peninsula.

Iceland /ˈaɪs.lənd/ [ˈaɪs.ln̩ʔd̚] pn
Íoslainn An Íoslainn
A country in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Icelander Icelanders n
Íoslannach
A person from Iceland or of Icelandic descent.

Icelandic /aɪsˈlændɪk/ more Icelandic most Icelandic adj
Íoslannach
Of or relating to the natives or inhabitants of Iceland.

Icelandic /aɪsˈlændɪk/ pn
Íoslainnis
A North Germanic language, the national tongue of Iceland.

Idumaea pn
Iodúimé
(historical) An ancient region in the south of Judea in modern Israel and the West Bank, inhabited by the Edomites during the Hellenistic period and Roman occupation.

Igbo /ˈiboʊ/ /ˈiɡ.boʊ/ /ˈiːbəʊ/ pn
Íogbóis
The language spoken by the Igbo people and elsewhere in southern Nigeria.

Ignatius /ɪɡˈneɪʃəs/ pn
Iognáid
A en given name; of mostly Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox usage in English.

Illyria pn
Eilíria
A region in Southeast Europe, the western part of what is now the Balkan Peninsula that was inhabited by the Illyrians, ancient Indo-European people.

Illyrian /ɪˈliəɹiən/ /ɪˈlɪəɹɪən/ adj
Eilíriach Illireach
Of or pertaining to Illyria or Illyrians.

Illyrian /ɪˈliəɹiən/ /ɪˈlɪəɹɪən/ Illyrians n
Eilíriach
An inhabitant of ancient Illyria.
An inhabitant of Roman province of Illyricum (Illyro-Roman).

Illyrian /ɪˈliəɹiən/ /ɪˈlɪəɹɪən/ pn
Eilíris
An extinct Indo-European language or group of languages spoken in modern Southeast Europe, in the western half of the Balkan Peninsula.
(historical, or, obsolete) The Serbo-Croatian language.

Illyricum pn
Illireacam
The ancient Roman province at the Balkan Peninsula.

Ilocano pn
Ileacáinis
A language spoken principally on the island of Luzon.

Imbolc /ɪˈmɑlɡ/ /ɪˈmɒlɡ/ /ˈɪmbɑlk/ /ˈɪmbɒlk/ pn
Imbolg Lá Fhéile Bríde
(Britain, Ireland) A Gaelic and Wiccan festival celebrated on 1 or 2 February which marks the beginning of spring.

Imhotep /ɪmˈhoʊ.tɛp/ pn
Imhóteip

Immaculate Conception pn
Giniúint Mhuire gan Smál
(Catholicism) The doctrine, in the Roman Catholic Church, that the Virgin Mary was conceived biologically but free from original sin.

Inca /ˈɪŋkə/ Inca Incas n
Inceach
A member of the group of Quechuan peoples of highland Peru who established an empire from northern Ecuador to central Chile before the Spanish conquest.

Incan adj
Inceach

India /ˈɪn.di.ə/ /ˈɪn.dɪə/ /ˈɪn.dɪə̯/ /ˈɪɳ.ɖɪ.jaː/ Indias pn
India Poblacht na hIndia
(chiefly, historical, proscribed, _, in modern use) A region of South Asia, traditionally delimited by the Himalayas and the Indus river; the Indian subcontinent.

India ink India inks n
dúch Indiach
A black ink, made from lampblack, used for printing and artwork.

Indian /ˈɪn.di.ən/ /ˈɪn.dɪ.ən/ /ˈɪɳ.ɖɪə̯n/ more Indian most Indian adj
Indiach
Of or relating to India or its people; or (formerly) of the East Indies. [from 14th c.]

Indian Ocean pn
Aigéan Indiach
The ocean separating Africa, southern Asia, Australia and Antarctica.

Indian subcontinent pn
fo-ilchríoch na hIndia
The landmass south of the Himalayas projecting into the Indian Ocean, sometimes also including nearby islands; the land on the Indian plate.

Indian summer /ˈɪn.di.ən ˈsʌ.mɚ/ /ˈɪn.dɪ.ən ˈsʌ.mə(ɹ)/ Indian summers n
samhradh beag
A stretch of sunny and warm, often hazy, days during late autumn. [from late 18th c., popularized in the early 19th c.]
fómhar beag na ngéanna
(figuratively) The late autumn of life; a late flowering of activity before old age. [from early 19th c.]

Indianapolis /ɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs/ pn
Indianapolis
The capital city of Indiana, United States and the county seat of Marion County, with which the city is consolidated.

Indo-European /ˌɪndəʊˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən/ more Indo-European most Indo-European adj
Ind-Eorpach Ind-Eorpaise
Of or relating to the family of languages originally spoken in Europe and Western Asia.
Of or relating to the hypothetical parent language of the Indo-European language family.
Ind-Eorpach
Of or relating to the hypothetical group of peoples that spread early Indo-European languages.

Indo-European /ˌɪndəʊˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən/ Indo-Europeans n
Ind-Eorpach
(anthropology, archaeology, linguistics) A member of the original ethnolinguistic group hypothesized to have spoken Proto-Indo-European and thus to have been the ancestor for most of India and Western Eurasia.
A speaker of any Indo-European language (though especially an ancient one), or a member of an Indo-European culture, who is regarded as a continuation of the Proto-Indo-Europeans in terms of language, ancestry, or cultural affinity.

Indonesia /-doʊ-/ /-zi.ə/ /ˌɪndə(ʊ)ˈniːʒə/ /ˌɪndəˈniʒə/ pn
Indinéis Poblacht na hIndinéise
A country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia. Official name: Republic of Indonesia (since 1950). Capital: Jakarta.

Indonesian /ˌɪndəˈniːʒən/ more Indonesian most Indonesian adj
Indinéiseach
Of or relating to Indonesia or its people or language.

Indonesian /ˌɪndəˈniːʒən/ Indonesians n
Indinéiseach
(countable) A person living in or coming from Indonesia.
Indinéisis
(uncountable) The common language spoken in Indonesia.

Indus /ˈɪndəs/ pn
Iondúis
A major river in China, India and Pakistan, rising in Tibet and flowing into the Arabian Sea.
Indiach
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky between Grus and Pavo.

Industrial Revolution pn
Réabhlóid Thionsclaíoch
(historical) The major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century resulting from the replacement of an economy based on manual labour to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture.

Information Age pn
Ré na Faisnéise
The current era, characterised by the increasing importance and availability of information (especially by means of computers), as opposed to previous eras (such as the Industrial Age) in which most endeavours related to some physical process or product.

Ingush pn
Iongúisis
The language of the Ingush, a member of the Nakh family.

Ingushetia /ɪŋɡʊˈʃɛtiə/ pn
Iongúiséit
A republic of Russia, in the Caucasus. Capital: Magas.

Inishmeane pn
Inis Meáin
An island in County Donegal, Ireland.

Inner Mongolia pn
Ion-Mhongóil
An autonomous region of China, south of Mongolia, with closely related native Mongolian population, mostly north of the Great Wall. Capital: Hohhot.

Intermediate Certificate Intermediate Certificates n
Teastas Idirmheánach
(Ireland, dated) A certificate awarded to Irish students who passed the state examinations at the end of the third or fourth year of a voluntary secondary school or boarding school.

International Court of Justice pn
An Chúirt Bhreithiúnais Idirnáisiúnta
(UN) A judicial body of the United Nations, established in 1945 to decide disputes brought by nations.

International Phonetic Alphabet /ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)nəl fəˈnɛtɪk ˈælfəˌbɛt/ /ˌɪntɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)l fəˈnɛɾɪk ˈælfəˌbɛt/ [ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)nəɫ fəˈnɛtɪk ˈæɫfəˌbɛt] [ˌɪntɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ fəˈnɛɾɪk ˈæɫfəˌbɛt] [ˌɪɾ̃ɚ-] pn
Aibítir Idirnáisiúnta Foghraíochta
A standardized set of symbols for representing the sounds of human speech.

Internet /ˈɪntəˌnɛt/ /ˈɪntɚˌnɛt/ [ˈɪɾ̃ɚˌnɛt] pn
Idirlíon idirlíon
The specific internet consisting of a global network of computers that communicate using Internet Protocol (IP) and that use Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to identify the best paths to route those communications.

Internet cafe Internet cafes n
caifé Idirlín
A place where one can use a computer with Internet access for a fee.

Interslavic /ˌɪntɚˈslɑːvɪk/ adj
Idirshlavach
Between Slavs or Slavic nations.

Interslavic /ˌɪntɚˈslɑːvɪk/ pn
Idirshlaivis
An international auxiliary language based on Slavic languages.

Inuktitut /ɪˈnʊktɪtʊt/ pn
Ionúitis
The language of the Inuit people.

Inupiak /ɪˈnuː.pi.æk/ /ɪˈnʊ.pɪ.ak/ pn
Iniúipiaicis
The Inuit languages spoken by the Inupiaq.

Inverness pn
Inbhear Nis
A city, the administrative centre of Highland council area, Scotland.
An unincorporated community and census-designated place in Marin County, California.

Iona /aɪˈoʊnə/ pn
Í
A small island in the Inner Hebrides, Argyll and Bute council area, Scotland

Ionian /aɪˈəʊniən/ more Ionian most Ionian adj
Iónach
Synonym of Ionic

Ionian Sea /aɪˈəʊ.ni.ən ˈsiː/ pn
Muir Iónach
A sea in the central and east central part of the Mediterranean.

Iran /aɪˈɹæn/ /ɪˈɹæn/ /ɪˈɹɑːn/ pn
Iaráin
A country in West Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Islamic Republic of Iran. Capital: Tehran.

Iraq /aɪˈɹæk/ /ɪˈɹak/ /ɪˈɹæk/ /ɪˈɹɑk/ /ɪˈɹɑːk/ Iraqs pn
Iaráic An Iaráic
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Republic of Iraq. Capital and largest city: Baghdad.

Iraqi /ɪˈɹæki/ /ɪˈɹɑːki/ adj
Iarácach
Of, from, or pertaining to Iraq, or the Iraqi people.

Iraqi /ɪˈɹæki/ /ɪˈɹɑːki/ Iraqis n
Iarácach
A person from Iraq or of Iraqi descent.

Ireland /ˈaɪə(ɹ)lənd/ [ˈaɪɚlənd] [ˈäɪɚɫɪ̈nd] [ˈɑɚlənd] [ˈɑɪələnd] [ˈɑɪɚlənd] [ˈəɪɚlənd] [ˈʌɪɚlənd] Irelands pn
Éire Banbha Fódhla Éirinn
A republic occupying the majority-area of the island of Ireland, with Northern Ireland occupying the rest of the island. Also known as the Republic of Ireland since 1949.
Éire Banba
A community of Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Iriomote cat Iriomote cats n
cat Oileán Iriomote
(zoology) A small wild cat, Prionailurus iriomotensis, found only on the Japanese island of Iriomote. It has a long, dark brown coat with darker rows of horizontal spots.

Irish /ˈaɪəɹɪʃ/ /ˈaɪɹəʃ/ /ˈaɪɹɪʃ/ more Irish most Irish adj
Gaelach Éireannach
Pertaining to or originating from Ireland or the Irish people.
Gaelach Gaeilge
Pertaining to the Irish language.

Irish /ˈaɪəɹɪʃ/ /ˈaɪɹəʃ/ /ˈaɪɹɪʃ/ pn
Gaeilge Gaedhilg Gaeilge na hÉireann Gaelainn Gaoidhealg
(uncountable) The Gaelic language indigenous to Ireland, also known as Irish Gaelic.
Éireannach Gael
(as plural) The Irish people.

Irish American /ˈaɪəɹɪʃ əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən/ adj
Gael-Mheiriceánaigh
Of Irish American heritage or culture

Irish Free State pn
Saorstát Éireann
(historical, 1922–1937) An autonomous dominion under nominal British sovereignty that included most of the island of Ireland, created in 1922 as part of a treaty between the British government and Irish republicans.

Irish Sea pn
Muir Meann Muir Éireann
A sea in British Isles, Europe, in the Atlantic. A sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland; bordered to the north by the North Channel and to the south by St George's Channel and the Celtic Sea.

Irish Traveller Irish Travellers n
duine den lucht siúil taistealaí
(Ireland) A member of an indigenous nomadic ethnic minority in Ireland, the Pavee.

Irish coffee Irish coffees n
caife Gaelach
A cocktail consisting of hot coffee with a dash of Irish whiskey, topped with whipped cream.

Irish cream Irish creams n
uachtar Gaelach
A pale-colored liqueur made from whiskey, cream and coffee.

Irish moss Irish mosses n
carraigín
A species of edible seaweed, Chondrus crispus.

Irish setter /ˈaɪɹɪʃ ˈsɛt.ə/ Irish setters n
sotar Gaelach
A breed of gun dog with a moderately long coat of a red or chestnut color.

Irish stew Irish stews n
stobhach Gaelach
A traditional stew made from lamb or mutton with potatoes, onions, parsley, and sometimes carrots.

Irish terrier Irish terriers n
madra gearr
A breed of large rough-haired dog

Irish wolfhound Irish wolfhounds n
cú faoil
The largest sighthound and tallest dog on average, bred in Ireland to hunt wolves

Irishman /ˈaɪɹɪʃmən/ Irishmen n
Éireannach Gael
A man from Ireland.

Irishness n
Gaelachas
the quality or state of being Irish.

Iron Age /ˈʌɪən eɪdʒ/ pn
Iarannaois
(mythology) The most recent and debased of the four or five classical Ages of Man; hence, any period characterized by wicked behavior. [from 16th c.]
(archaeology) A level of culture in which humans used iron and the technology of ironworking. (Estimated to have begun in Europe about 1100BC) [from 19th c.]

Isaac /ˈaɪzæk/ /ˈaɪzək/ Isaacs pn
Íosác
(biblical character) The son of Abraham and Sarah, father of Esau and Jacob, from whom the Hebrew people trace their descent.

Isabel /ˈɪzəbɛl/ pn
Isibéal
A en given name.

Isaiah /aɪˈzaɪ.ə/ /aɪˈzeɪ.ə/ pn
Íseáia Leabhar Íseáia
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and of the Tanakh.
Íseáia
(Abrahamism, biblical character) A prophet, the author of the Book of Isaiah.
A en given name.

Iseult /ɪˈsuːlt/ /ɪˈzuːlt/ pn
Iosóid
A en given name.

Isfahan pn
Isfahan
The third largest city of Iran, and former capital of Iran (1598–1736).

Ishmael /ˈɪʃ.meɪ.əl/ /ˈɪʃ.meɪl/ pn
Ísmeáéil
(Abrahamism, biblical character) The eldest son of Abraham and his wife's handmaiden Hagar who were cast out after the birth of Isaac; traditionally the ancestor of the Arabs via the Ishmaelites.

Islam /-læm/ /ɪsˈlɑːm/ /ɪzˈlɑːm/ /ˈɪs.lɑːm/ /ˈɪz.lɑːm/ Islams pn
Ioslam Mahamadachas
A monotheistic Abrahamic religion followed by Muslims that is based on the teachings of Muhammad and the Qur'an.

Islamabad /ɪsˈlɑːməˌbɑːd/ /ɪzˈlæməˌbæd/ /ɪzˈlɑːməˌbɑːd/ pn
Islamabad
The capital city of Pakistan, located within the Islamabad Capital Territory.

Islamic /ɪsˈlɑːmɪk/ /ɪzˈlæmɪk/ /ɪzˈlɑːmɪk/ more Islamic most Islamic adj
Ioslamach
Of, pertaining to, originating in, characteristic of, or deriving from Muslims or Islam.

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan pn
Poblacht Ioslamach na hAfganastáine
The former official name of Afghanistan, from 2001 through 2021.

Islamic Republic of Iran pn
Poblacht Ioslamach na hIaráine
[1979]

Islamic Republic of Mauritania pn
Poblacht Ioslamach na Máratáine
Official name of Mauritania.

Islamic Republic of Pakistan pn
Poblacht Ioslamach na Pacastáine
The official name of Pakistan.

Islamic State pn
Stát Ioslámach
A Salafist group active in Libya, Nigeria, Iraq and Syria, where it has proclaimed an (unrecognized) state.

Islamism /ɪzˈlæmɪz(ə)m/ /ɪzˈlɑːmɪz(ə)m/ /ˈɪzləmɪz(ə)m/ Islamisms n
Ioslamachas
(by extension) Islamic fundamentalism, especially the forms that promote violence, hostility, and persecution of non-believers. [from 20th c.]

Islamist /-ˈlæmɪst/ /-ˈlɑːmɪst/ /ˈɪsləmɪst/ /ˈɪzləmɪst/ Islamists n
Ioslamaí
A Muslim who espouses Islamic fundamentalist beliefs. [from 1980s]

Islamophobia Islamophobias n
Ioslamafóibe
Fear or hatred of Islam or Muslims.

Isle of Man /ˌaɪl ə(v) ˈmæn/ pn
Oileán Mhanann Manainn
An island and crown dependency of the United Kingdom in the Irish Sea, part of the British Isles but not of the United Kingdom.

Isle of Wight /ˌaɪl ə(v) ˈwaɪt/ pn
Inis Iocht
An island, county and unitary authority off the south coast of England in the English Channel opposite Southampton.

Israel /ˈɪz.ɹaɪ.ɛl/ /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.əl/ /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.ɛl/ /ˈɪz.ɹeɪl/ /ˈɪz.ɹi.əl/ /ˈɪz.ɹɛəl/ Israels pn
Iosrael Stát Iosrael
(Biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people.

Israeli /ɪzˈɹeɪli/ adj
Iosraelach
Of, from, or pertaining to Israel, the Israeli people.

Israeli /ɪzˈɹeɪli/ Israelis n
Iosraelach
A person from Israel or of Israeli descent.

Israelite /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.əˌlaɪt/ /ˈɪz.ɹi.əˌlaɪt/ /ˈɪz.ɹɪˌlaɪt/ adj
Iosraeilíteach
Of or pertaining to the ancient nation(s) of Israel or the inhabitants thereof.

Israelite /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.əˌlaɪt/ /ˈɪz.ɹi.əˌlaɪt/ /ˈɪz.ɹɪˌlaɪt/ Israelites n
Iosraeilíteach
A native or inhabitant of (i) the united nation of Israel (under the Judges, and then kings Saul, David and Solomon), or (ii) the later northern kingdom centered in Samaria, distinct from kingdom of Judah centered in Jerusalem.

Issachar /ˈɪ.səˌkɑɹ/ /ˈɪ.səˌkɑː(ɹ)/ pn
Íosácár
(biblical figure) Ninth son of Jacob, by his wife Leah.

Istanbul /ɪstænˈbʊl/ pn
Iostanbúl
A Turkish city, and the largest European city by population, which was the last capital of the Ottoman Empire and the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire).

Italian /ɪˈtæljən/ /ˌaɪˈtæljən/ more Italian most Italian adj
Iodálach
Pertaining to Italy, its people or its language.

Italian /ɪˈtæljən/ /ˌaɪˈtæljən/ Italians n
Iodáilis
(uncountable) The official language of Italy, also spoken in San Marino, the Vatican, and parts of Argentina, Slovenia and Switzerland.

Italian Republic pn
Poblacht na hIodáile
The official name of Italy.

Italy /ˈɪtəli/ [ˈi.tɐ.li] [ˈɪ.tə.li] [ˈɪ.ɾə.li] pn
Iodáil An Iodáil
A country in Southern Europe. Official names: Italian Republic and Republic of Italy. Capital and largest city: Rome.

Ithaca /ˈɪθəkə/ pn
Iotaca
An island in the Ionian Sea, Greece; according to the legend Odysseus was its king.

Jabberwocky pn
An Gheabairleog
A nonsensical poem that appears in Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll.

Jack /d͡ʒæk/ Jacks pn
Séamas Séamus
Ellipsis of Monterey Jack., a type of cheese.

Jack the Ripper pn
Seac an Réabthóir
A supposed individual who was an unidentified 19th century serial killer in England, who has become part of folklore.

Jacob /ˈd͡ʒeɪkəb/ pn
Séamas Séamus Iacób
(biblical character) One of the sons of Isaac and Rebecca, and twin brother of Esau; father of the Israelites (Jews and Samaritans) by 12 sons by 4 consorts, most famously Judah and Joseph who fathered Manasseh; was renamed to Israel.

Jacobean /ˈdʒæk.əˌbi.ən/ more Jacobean most Jacobean adj
Seacaibíneach
Relating to or characteristic of the reign of James VI and I (of Scotland and England).

Jacobite /ˈd͡ʒækəbaɪt/ Jacobites n
Seacaibíteach
(historical) A supporter of the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland in the late 17th century. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

Jaffa orange Jaffa oranges n
oráiste Jaffa
A sweet, nearly seedless variety of orange.

Jair /d͡ʒəˈiaɾ/ /d͡ʒəˈir/ /d͡ʒəˈiːə̯/ /d͡ʒəˈɜː/ /d͡ʒəˈɪəɹ/ /d͡ʒəˈɪə̯(r)/ /d͡ʒəˈɪə̯/ [d͡ʒəˈɪɚ̯] pn
Iáir
A en given name of biblical origin.

Jakarta /d͡ʒəˈkɑː(ɹ)tə/ pn
Iacárta
A province and capital city of Indonesia.

Jake /d͡ʒeɪk/ Jakes pn
Séamaisín
A en given name.

Jamaica /d͡ʒəˈmeɪ.kə/ pn
Iamáice
An island and country in the Caribbean

Jamaican /d͡ʒəˈmeɪkən/ adj
Iamácach
Of, from, or pertaining to Jamaica, the Jamaican people or the Jamaican language.

Jamaican /d͡ʒəˈmeɪkən/ Jamaicans n
Iamácach
A person from Jamaica or of Jamaican descent.

James /d͡ʒeɪmz/ Jameses pn
Séamas Séamus
(biblical) The twentieth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the general epistle of James.
Séamas Séamus Naomh Séamas
One of two Apostles, James the Greater and James the Less, often identified with James, brother of Jesus.

Jane /d͡ʒeɪn/ Janes pn
Siobhán
A en given name, the standard feminine form of John since the 17th century.

January /ˈd͡ʒæn.j(ʊ.)ə.ɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænjuˌæɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænjuˌɛɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænjəɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænjʉˌeːɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnəˌweɪɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnəˌwɛəɹi/ Januaries Januarys pn
Eanáir Mí Eanáir
The first month of the Gregorian calendar, following the December of the previous year and preceding February. Abbreviation: Jan or Jan.

Janus /ˈdʒæɪ̯nəs/ /ˈd͡ʒeɪnəs/ pn
Ianus
(Roman god) The god of doorways, gates and transitions, and of beginnings and endings, having two faces looking in opposite directions.

Japan /d͡ʒəˈpæn/ pn
Seapáin an-tSeapáin
A country and archipelago in East Asia

Japanese /ˌd͡ʒæpəˈniːz/ adj
Seapánach Seapáinis
Of, relating to, or derived from Japan, its people, language, or culture.

Japanese /ˌd͡ʒæpəˈniːz/ Japanese Japaneses n
Seapánach
(countable, chiefly, in the plural) A person/people living in or coming from Japan, or of Japanese ancestry.

Japanese /ˌd͡ʒæpəˈniːz/ pn
Seapáinis
A language that is primarily spoken in East Asia and is the official language of Japan.

Japanese spitz Japanese spitzes n
spitse Seapánach
(zoology) A small breed of dog from Japan, having a somewhat square body, deep chest, and very thick, pure white double coat.

Japheth /(d)ʒeɪ̯ˈfɛt/ /ˈdʒɛ̯ɪfɪf/ /ˈd͡ʒeɪfɛð/ /ˈd͡ʒeɪfɛθ/ /ˈd͡ʒeɪfɪθ/ pn
Iáfat
(biblical character) The third son of Noah, brother to Shem and Ham, who received a blessing from God with Shem, considered to be the ancestor of the Japhetic people(s) (associated approx. with Indo-Europeans).

Jason /ˈdʒeɪsən/ Jasons pn
Iasón
(Greek mythology) The leader of the Argonauts, who retrieved the Golden Fleece from king Aeetes of Colchis, for his uncle Pelias.

Java /ˈd͡ʒɑːvə/ pn
Iáva
An island in the Indonesian Archipelago, Indonesia.

Java sparrow Java sparrows n
gealbhan Iávach
Any of species Padda oryzivora of finches, native of Java, but very commonly kept as a cage bird.

Javan /ˈd͡ʒɑːvən/ adj
Iávach
Pertaining to, or from, the island of Java

Javan /ˈd͡ʒɑːvən/ Javans n
Iávach
An inhabitant of the Indonesian island Java

Javanese /dʒɑː.vəˈniːz/ Javanese n
Iávach
A person belonging to the Javanese people (one of the indigenous groups native to Java island).

Javanese /dʒɑː.vəˈniːz/ pn
Iáivis
An indigenous language spoken by Javanese people.

Jehoshaphat /d͡ʒəˈhoʊ.ʃəˌfæt/ /d͡ʒəˈhɒʃ.ə.fæt/ /d͡ʒɪˈhɒʃ.ə.fæt/ pn
Ióiseáfát
(biblical character) A en given name

Jehovah's Witness Jehovah's Witnesses n
Finné Iáivé
A member of a monotheistic and nontrinitarian Restoration Christian denomination founded by Charles Taze Russell in 1879 as a small Bible study group. Originally known as International Bible Students or Bible Students.

Jephthah pn
Iafta
A judge described in the Book of Judges of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

Jeremiah /ˌd͡ʒɛɹəˈmaɪə/ pn
Irimia
(Abrahamism, biblical character) An ancient prophet, the author of the Book of Jeremiah, and of the Lamentations.
Irimia Leabhar Irimia
(book of the bible) A book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.
Diarmaid
A en given name of biblical origin.

Jericho /ˈd͡ʒɛɹɪkəʊ/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɹɪˌkoʊ/ pn
Ireachó
A historic suburb of the English city of Oxford.

Jerome /d͡ʒəˈɹəʊm/ pn
Diarmaid Iaróm
A en given name.

Jersey /ˈd͡ʒɜːzi/ /ˈd͡ʒɝzi/ pn
Geirsí
A dependency of the United Kingdom; the largest of the Channel Islands in the English Channel between France and England.
geirseog
A breed of dairy cattle from Jersey.
Nua-Gheirsí
(US, informal, especially following north or south) New Jersey.

Jerusalem /d͡ʒəˈɹuːsələm/ /d͡ʒəˈɹuːzələm/ Jerusalems pn
Iarúsailéim
A city in the Holy Land between the Mediterranean Sea and Dead Sea, holy in Judaism, Christianity and Islam; the claimed capital city of Israel and of Palestine.

Jerusalem artichoke Jerusalem artichokes n
bliosán gréine
A variety of sunflower, Helianthus tuberosus, native to North America, having yellow flower heads and edible tubers.

Jesuit /ˈd͡ʒɛz(j)uɪt/ /ˈd͡ʒɛzuɪt/ /ˈd͡ʒɛʒuɪt/ Jesuits n
Íosánach
(Catholicism) a member of the Society of Jesus

Jesus /heɪˈsuːs/ /hɛˈsuːs/ /ˈd͡ʒizəs/ /ˈd͡ʒiːzəs/ /ˈd͡ʒiːˌzʌs/ /ˈheɪsuːs/ /ˈhɛsuːs/ pn
Íosa
Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee held to be a prophet, teacher, the son of God, and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity; also called "Jesus Christ" by Christians. Held to be a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.

Jesus Christ /ˌd͡ʒiːzəs ˈkɹaɪst/ pn
Íosa Críost
Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee, held to be a prophet, teacher and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity. Also held to be a prophet in Islam and the Baháʼí Faith.

Jew /d͡ʒuʊ̯/ /d͡ʒuː/ Jewes Jews n
Giúdach
A member or descendant of the Jewish people.

Jew's harp Jew's harps n
trumpa
A musical instrument consisting of a flexible metal or bamboo “tongue” attached to a frame. This tongue is placed in the performer's mouth and plucked with the finger to produce a note of constant pitch. Melodies can be created by changing the shape of the mouth and causing different overtones.

Jewish /ˈd͡ʒuː.ɪʃ/ more Jewish most Jewish adj
Giúdach
Of or relating to Jews, their ethnicity, religion, or culture.

Jim /d͡ʒɪm/ Jims pn
Séamaisín
A diminutive of the en given name James.

Jimmy /ˈd͡ʒɪmi/ Jimmies Jimmys pn
Séamaisín
A diminutive of the en given names James or Jim, also used as a formal given name.

Joanna /ˌd͡ʒoʊˈænə/ pn
Ióánna
(biblical character) One of the women following Jesus.

Job /d͡ʒɒb/ /d͡ʒɔb/ /d͡ʒəʊb/ pn
Iób Leabhar Iób
(book of the bible) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.
Iób
(biblical character) A character in the Old Testament and the Qur'an, renowned for his patience.

Joe Average Joe Averages n
Mac Uí Rudaí Seán Ó Rudaí
(idiomatic) A hypothetical average or generic individual; the common man (or person, by extension).

Joel /d͡ʒoʊˈɛl/ /d͡ʒəʊˈɛl/ /ˈd͡ʒoʊ(ə)l/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ(ə)l/ pn
Ióéil
A en given name.
Ióéil Leabhar Ióéil
(book of the bible) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

Johannesburg /d͡ʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ /d͡ʒoʊˈhɑːnɪsbɜːrɡ/ /d͡ʒœʊ̯ˈhɛnɨsbøːɡ/ pn
Cathair Eoin
The largest city in South Africa.

John /d͡ʒɑn/ /d͡ʒɒn/ Johns pn
Seán Eoin
A en given name; very popular since the Middle Ages.
Eoin Eóin
(biblical) Persons of the Christian Bible: John the Baptist; and names possibly referring to one, two or three persons, frequently called "Saint": John the Apostle, John the Evangelist and John of Patmos (also called John the Divine or John the Theologian).
Eoin Leabhar Eoin Soiscéal Eoin Soiscéal Naofa Íosa Críost de réir Eoin
(biblical) The Gospel of St. John, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the fourth of the four gospels.

John Bull pn
Seán Buí
A personification of England.

John Doe John Does n
Seán Ó Rudaí
Any unknown or anonymous male person.

John the Baptist pn
Eoin Baiste
A New Testament prophet who baptized Jesus and was subsequently executed by Herod Antipas.

Johnny /ˈd͡ʒɑni/ /ˈd͡ʒɒni/ pn
Seáinín
A diminutive of the en given name John.

Johnson /ˈd͡ʒɑnsən/ /ˈd͡ʒɒnsən/ Johnsons pn
Mac Eoin
A common surname transferred from the given name. The second most common surname in the United States.
A number of townships in the United States, listed under Johnson Township.

Jonah /ˈd͡ʒoʊnə/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊnə/ pn
Ióna
A en given name.
(biblical character) A minor prophet who was cast into the sea and swallowed by a great fish.
The 10th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.
Ióna Leabhar Ióna
A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

Jordan /ˈd͡ʒɔɹdən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːdən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝdn̩/ /ˈd͡ʒɝdən/ Jordans pn
Iordáin
A small town, the county seat of Garfield County, Montana.
The name of other rivers around the world, listed under Jordan River (disambiguation).
A surname transferred from the given name derived from the male given name.

Joseph /ˈd͡ʒoʊsəf/ /ˈd͡ʒoʊzəf/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊzɪf/ Josephs pn
Seosamh
(biblical character) Eleventh and favorite son of Jacob, by his wife Rachel.
A en given name
Iósaf Seosamh
The husband of Virgin Mary.
Iósaf ó Aramatáia
(Christianity) Joseph of Arimathea; man who donated his own prepared tomb for the burial of Jesus.

Josephine /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.sə.fiːn/ /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.zə.fiːn/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.sə.fiːn/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.zə.fiːn/ pn
Seosaimhín
A en given name

Joshua /ˈd͡ʒɒʃ(j)uːə/ pn
Iósua Leabhar Iósua
The sixth book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and a book of the Tanakh.
Iósua
A en given name.

Jovian /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.vi.ən/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.vi.ən/ more Jovian most Jovian adj
Ióbhach Ióvach
(Roman mythology) Pertaining to the Roman god Jove or Jupiter (the counterpart of the Greek god Zeus); Jove-like; befitting Jupiter.

Juba pn
Juba
The capital city of South Sudan.

Judaic /d͡ʒuˈdeɪ̯.ɪk/ adj
Siúdéic
Pertaining to the Jews, their culture or their religion.

Judaism /d͡ʒuˈdeɪˌɪz.əm/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.deɪˌɪz.əm/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.diˌɪz.əm/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.dəˌɪz.əm/ /ˈd͡ʒuːˌdeɪ.ɪz.əm/ Judaisms pn
Giúdachas
An Abrahamic religion tracing its origin to the Hebrew people of the ancient Middle East, as documented in their religious writings, the Tanakh.

Judas /ˈd͡ʒuːdəs/ Judases n
Iúdás
A traitor; a person not to be trusted.

Judas /ˈd͡ʒuːdəs/ pn
Iúdás
(biblical character) One of the twelve original Apostles of Jesus, known for his role in Jesus' betrayal into the hands of Roman authorities.
(biblical, archaic) Alternative form of Jude, the penultimate book of the Bible and its ascribed author, Jude the Apostle.

Judas Iscariot pn
Iúdás Isceiriót
(biblical character) One of the twelve disciples of Jesus in the New Testament, who betrayed Jesus into the hands of the chief priests for 30 pieces of silver.

Jude /ˈd͡ʒuːd/ Judes pn
Iúd Litir Naomh Iúd
(biblical) The second last book of the New Testament of the Bible.

Judges pn
Breithiúna Leabhar na mBreithiúna
(book of the bible) The seventh book of the Old Testament, and a book of the Hebrew Tanakh.

Judith /ˈd͡ʒuːdɪθ/ pn
Siobhán Síle
A en given name
Iúidit Leabhar Iúidit
(biblical character) The protagonist of the Biblical book of Judith.
Iúidit
(biblical character) A wife of Esau.

Julian calendar n
féilire Iúil
The calendar which was used in the western world before the present-day Gregorian calendar. The Julian calendar differed in having all multiple-of-4 years as leap years.

Julian day Julian days n
lá Iúlach
A date expressed as a real number of days counted with GMT noon on 1 January 4713 BCE in proleptic Julian calendar (November 24, 4714 BCE, in the proleptic Gregorian calendar) as zero; used primarily by astronomers and historians to compare events recorded in different cultures.

Julius /ˈd͡ʒuːliəs/ /ˈd͡ʒuːljəs/ /ˈd͡ʒuːləs/ pn
Iúil
A en given name.

July /d͡ʒuˈlaɪ/ /d͡ʒəˈlaɪ/ /d͡ʒʊˈlaɪ/ Julies Julys pn
Iúil
The seventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following June and preceding August. Abbreviation: Jul or Jul.

June /d͡ʒjuːn/ /d͡ʒun/ /d͡ʒuːn/ Junes pn
Meitheamh
The sixth month of the Gregorian calendar, following May and preceding July. Abbreviation: Jun or Jun.

Junior Certificate Junior Certificates n
Teastas Sóisearach

Jupiter /ˈd͡ʒupɪtɚ/ [ˈd͡ʒupɪɾɚ] pn
Iúpatar
(Roman god) The King of the Gods, also called Jove. Equivalent to the Greek Zeus, Jupiter was one of the children of Saturn. As supreme god of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter was the god of thunder, lightning, and storms, and appropriately called the god of light and sky.
A township in Kittson County, Minnesota, named after the planet.

Jurassic /d͡ʒʊˈɹæs.ɪk/ adj
Iúrasach
(geology) Of or pertaining to the second period of the Mesozoic era, a time still dominated by dinosaurs.
Of or pertaining to the people or region near the Jura Mountain Range of Europe.

Jurassic /d͡ʒʊˈɹæs.ɪk/ pn
Iúrasach Tréimhse Iúrasach
(geology, paleontology) The period from 201.3±0.2 to 145 million years ago, after the Triassic and before the Cretaceous; the geologic systems of this period.

Jutland /ˈd͡ʒʌt.lənd/ pn
Iútlainn
A peninsula in northwestern Europe, which belongs to Denmark (depending on the definition of the southern boundary also Germany).

Kabardian /kəˈbɑː(ɹ)diən/ pn
Cabairdis
A North Caucasian language spoken in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, also known as East Circassian.

Kabardino-Balkariya pn
an Chabairdín-Bhalcáir
A republic of Russia located in the Northern Caucasus mountains.

Kabul /kəˈbuːl/ /ˈkɑːbəl/ /ˈkɑːˌbʊl/ pn
Cabúl
The capital and largest city of Afghanistan.

Kabyle /kəˈbaɪl/ pn
Caibílis
A Northern Berber language of the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic language family, spoken by over 3,000,000 people in Algeria; native name Taqbaylit.

Kali /ˈkæli/ /ˈkɑːli/ pn
Cailí
(Hinduism) A male demon, lord of Kali Yuga and the nemesis of Kalki, tenth avatar of Vishnu.

Kalmyk pn
Cailmícis
A Mongolic language, spoken in and around Kalmykia in Russia.

Kalmykia pn
an Chailmíc
A republic of Russia in the south-west of the country, with capital Elista.

Kamchatka pn
Leithinis Kamchatka
A long peninsula in the Far East of Russia, lying between the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk.

Kampuchea /kæmpəˈt͡ʃiːə/ pn
Campúisia Champúis
Former name of Cambodia, used from 1975 to 1989.

Kannada /ˈkænədə/ /ˈkɑːnədə/ n
Cannadais
The Dravidian language that is the official language of the state of Karnataka, India.

Kanuri /kəˈnuːri/ pn
Canúiris
A Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Niger, Nigeria, and Chad.

Kara Sea /ˌkɑːɹə ˈsiː/ pn
Muir Chara
A part of the Arctic Ocean in north Russia. It is separated from the Barents Sea to the west by the Kara Strait and Novaya Zemlya, and the Laptev Sea to the east by the Severnaya Zemlya.

Karachay-Balkar pn
Caraicí-Balcáiris
A Turkic language of Russia.

Karakalpak /ˌkæɹəˈkælpæk/ pn
Cara-Calpáicis
A Turkic language of Uzbekistan and neighboring countries.

Karelia /kəˈɹeɪlɪə/ /kəˈɹiːlɪə/ /kəˈɹɛlɪə/ pn
Cairéil
A region to the north of Saint Petersburg in Russia and Finland.
Cairéil Poblacht na Cairéile
An autonomous republic of Russia. Official name: Republic of Karelia.

Karelian adj
Cairéalach
Of, or pertaining to, Karelia or its people, culture or language.

Karelian Karelians n
Cairéalach
Someone from Karelia.

Karelian pn
Cairéilis
A language closely related to Finnish, spoken in Karelia, Russia and Finland.

Kashmiri /kæʃˈmiɹi/ adj
Caismíreach
Of or pertaining to the people or region of Kashmir or the Kashmiri language.

Kashmiri /kæʃˈmiɹi/ Kashmiris n
Caismíreach
A native or resident of Kashmir, or a descendant of such a person.

Kashmiri /kæʃˈmiɹi/ pn
Caismíris
The Dardic Indo-Aryan language spoken in Kashmir.

Kashubian /kəˈʃuːbɪən/ adj
Caisiúibiach
Of or relating to the Kashubian people and their language.

Kashubian /kəˈʃuːbɪən/ Kashubians n
Caisiúibiach
A member of the Kashubian people; a person from Kashubia.

Kashubian /kəˈʃuːbɪən/ pn
Caisiúibis
A Slavic language spoken in the Pomeranian region of Poland.

Kathmandu /ˌkætmænˈduː/ pn
Kathmandu
The capital city of Nepal.

Kavalan pn
Cavalainis

Kazakh /kəˈzak/ /kəˈzɑk/ /kəˈzɑːk/ /ˈkazak/ adj
Casacach Casaicise
Of, from, or pertaining to Kazakhstan, the Kazakh people or the Kazakh language.

Kazakh /kəˈzak/ /kəˈzɑk/ /kəˈzɑːk/ /ˈkazak/ Kazakhs n
Casacach
(countable) A person from Kazakhstan or of that descent.
Casaicis Casachais
(uncountable) The national language of Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan /ˈkæzəkstæn/ /ˈkæzəkˌstæn/ /ˈkɑzəkˌstæn/ /ˈkɑzəkˌstɑn/ /ˈkɑːzəkstɑːn/ pn
Casacstáin Kazakhstan
A country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Official name: Republic of Kazakhstan.

Kentish plover Kentish plovers n
feadóigín chosdubh
Charadrius alexandrinus, a small wader that breeds in a wide range, from southern Europe to Japan and in Ecuador, Peru, Chile, the southern United States and the Caribbean, but not including Kent.

Kenya /ˈkiːn.jə/ /ˈkɛn.jə/ [ˈkɛ.ɲa] pn
An Chéinia Chéinia
A country in East Africa. Official name: Republic of Kenya.

Kerry /ˈkɛɹi/ pn
Ciarraí Contae Chiarraí
A county of Ireland. County seat: Tralee.

Kevin /ˈkɛvən/ /ˈkɛvɪn/ Kevins pn
Caoimhín
A en given name.

Khabarovsk Krai pn
Críoch Khabarovsk
A krai of Russia, in the Russian Far East.

Khartoum /kɑː(ɹ)ˈtuːm/ pn
Cartúm
The capital city of Sudan.

Khasi pn
Caisis
The Austroasiatic language of the Khasi people.

Khmer /kəˈmɛə(ɹ)/ /ˈkmɛə(ɹ)/ Khmer Khmers n
Cambóidis Ciméiris
A member of an ethnolinguistic group that constitutes most of the population of Cambodia.

Khoisan /ˈkɔɪsɑːn/ /ˈkɔɪˌsɑn/ pn
Cadhsainis
The group of languages associated with the Khoisan including the Khoi, Kx'a and Tuu families, sometimes to the inclusion of the Hadza and Sandawe language isolates of Tanzania.

Khotanese /kəʊtəˈniːz/ pn
Cótainis
An extinct Eastern Iranian language formerly spoken in the Kingdom of Khotan.

Kikuyu pn
Ciocúis
The language of this people.

Kildare /kɪlˈdɛə/ /kɪlˈdɛɚ/ /kɪlˈdɛɹ/ pn
Cill Dara Contae Chill Dara
A county of Ireland.
Cill Dara
A town in County Kildare (Irish grid ref N 7212).

Kilimanjaro /ˌkɪləmənˈd͡ʒɑɹoʊ/ /ˌkɪlɪmənˈd͡ʒɑːɹəʊ/ pn
Cill Íomanjaro
A volcano in Tanzania, the highest peak in Africa at 5,895 meters (19,321 feet).

Kilkenny /kɪlˈkɛni/ pn
Cill Chainnigh Contae Chill Chainnigh
A city in and the county town of County Kilkenny.

King Arthur pn
Rí Artúr
A legendary king of Britain, said to have led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century.

King Charles spaniel King Charles spaniels n
spáinnéar Shéarlais
A breed of toy dog originating from England.

Kingdom of Bahrain pn
Ríocht Bhairéin
The official name of Bahrain.

Kingdom of Belgium pn
Ríocht na Beilge
The official name of Belgium.

Kingdom of Bhutan pn
Ríocht na Bútáine
The official name of Bhutan.

Kingdom of Cambodia pn
Ríocht na Cambóide
The official name of Cambodia.

Kingdom of Denmark pn
Ríocht na Danmhairge
The official name of Denmark, including Greenland and the Faroe Islands.

Kingdom of England pn
Ríocht Shasana
A kingdom in western Europe, until the foundation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on 1 May 1707.

Kingdom of Heaven pn
Flaitheas Dé
(Christianity) A concept of heaven as a hierarchical dominion with God at the top and a court of saints, archangels and angels.

Kingdom of Italy pn
Ríocht na hIodáile

Kingdom of Lesotho pn
Ríocht Leosóta
The official name of Lesotho.

Kingdom of Morocco pn
Ríocht Mharacó
The official name of Morocco.

Kingdom of Norway pn
Ríocht na hIorua
The official name of Norway.

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia pn
Ríocht na hAraibe Sádaí
The official name of Saudi Arabia.

Kingdom of Scotland pn
Ríocht na hAlban
A kingdom in western Europe, until the foundation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on the First of May 1707.

Kingdom of Spain pn
Ríocht na Spáinne
The official name of Spain.

Kingdom of Swaziland pn
Ríocht na Suasalainne
The official name of Eswatini until 19 April 2018.

Kingdom of Sweden pn
Ríocht na Sualainne
The official name of Sweden.

Kingdom of Thailand pn
Ríocht na Téalainne
The official name of Thailand.

Kingdom of Yemen pn
Ríocht Éimin
North Yemen from 1918 to 1962

Kingdom of the Netherlands pn
Ríocht na hÍsiltíre
A monarchy consisting of the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten.

Kings pn
Ríthe
One of the various books called Kings in the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.

Kinshasa /kɪnˈʃɑːsə/ pn
Cinseasa
The capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), in the western part of the country on the Congo River.

Kiribati /kiː.ɹɪˈbæs/ /ˈkiː.ɹɪ.bæs/ /ˈkɪrəbæs/ /ˈkɪrəbɑːti/ /ˌkiː.ɹɪˈbɑ.ti/ /ˌkiː.ɹɪˈbɑs/ pn
Cireabaití Ciribeas Poblacht Chiribeas
A country consisting mostly of the Gilbert Islands archipelago, located in Micronesia in Oceania. Official name: Republic of Kiribati. Capital and largest city: South Tarawa.

Kislev pn
Cisléiv
(Judaism) The third month of the civil year and the ninth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Cheshvan and before Tevet.

Klingon /ˈkliŋɑn/ /ˈklɪŋɑn/ /ˈklɪŋɒn/ pn
Tliongáinis
An artificial language created by Marc Okrand for the film Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan.

Knock pn
An Cnoc Cnoc Mhuire
A townland in Drumcliff civil parish, County Clare, Ireland.
Cnoc Mhuire
A town and civil parish of County Mayo, Ireland, location of the Knock Shrine.

Kolkata /kolˈka(ː)ta/ /kolˈkɑtə/ /kɒlˈkɑːtə/ /kɔːlˈkɑːtə/ pn
Calcúta
The capital city of West Bengal, India, formerly known in English as Calcutta.

Komi /ˈkoʊmi/ Komi Komis n
Coimígh Coimíoch
A member of an ethnic group chiefly consisting of Komi speakers and descendants of Komi speakers who don't speak the language.

Komi /ˈkoʊmi/ pn
Coimis
A Finno-Ugric language currently spoken by 200,000 to 400,000 people, depending on source and definition of "speaker", in northeastern European part of Russia.
Coimí
A republic of Russia. Official name: Komi Republic.

Komodo dragon /kəˈmoʊdoʊ ˈdɹæɡən/ Komodo dragons n
dragan Chomódó
Varanus komodoensis, an endangered species of monitor lizard native to certain Indonesian islands east of Java, the world's largest lizard, growing to 10 feet or 3 meters, known for its ability to kill prey with its septic saliva.

Komondor Komondorok Komondors n
Comandóir Ungárach
A large Hungarian breed of livestock guard dog with a long, corded coat.

Konkani /ˈkoːŋkəni/ /ˈkɒŋkəni/ /ˈkɔŋkəni/ pn
Concáinis
An Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Konkan region of India.

Korea /kəˈɹi.ə/ /kəˈɹiːə/ [kʰɵˈɹi.ə] [kʰɵˈɹiːə] Koreas pn
Cóiré
A nation and peninsula in East Asia. Now divided into two sovereign states, commonly called South Korea and North Korea.

Korean /kəˈɹi.ən/ /kəˈɹiːən/ adj
Cóiréach Cóiréis
Of or relating to the Asian Peninsula comprising North Korea and South Korea.

Korean /kəˈɹi.ən/ /kəˈɹiːən/ Koreans n
Cóiréach
(countable) A native or resident in North Korea or South Korea, or a person of Korean descent.

Korean /kəˈɹi.ən/ /kəˈɹiːən/ pn
Cóiréis
(uncountable) Official language of the people residing on the Korean Peninsula, and language of approximately 60 million people, in Asia, North America, and elsewhere.

Korean Peninsula pn
Leithinis na Cóiré
A peninsula in eastern Asia containing North Korea and South Korea.

Kosovo /ˈkɒsəvə/ /ˈkɒsəvəʊ/ /ˈkɔsəˌvoʊ/ pn
Cosaiv an Chosaiv
A partly-recognized country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Kosovo. Capital and largest city: Pristina. Considered by the Republic of Serbia to be one of its two autonomous provinces.
One of five administrative districts of the above region as viewed by the Serbian government.

Kraken /-kɪn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.kən/ /ˈkɹæ.kən/ /ˈkɹɑː.kən/ pn
cráca
(Norse mythology) A colossal sea monster that attacks ships and sailors, often portrayed as a giant octopus or squid.

Krasnoyarsk pn
Krasnoyarsk
A city, the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai in Siberia, Russia.

Kremlin /ˈkɹɛmlɪn/ pn
Creimil
The Moscow Kremlin; a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia that serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation.

Kuala Lumpur /kuˈɑːlə ˈlʊmpə(ɹ)/ /kuˈɑːlə ˈlʊmpʊə/ /ˈkuala ˈlumpʊr/ /ˈkuala ˈlumpʊə/ pn
Cuala-Lumpair
The capital city of Malaysia, located in the federal territory of the same name.

Kumyk pn
Cúimicis
a Turkic language spoken by the Kumyks in the Dagestan region of the Russian Federation.

Kurd /kɜː(ɹ)d/ Kurds n
Coirdíneach
A member of the linguistically and culturally distinct people who speak Kurdish and mainly inhabit those parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria sometimes known as Kurdistan.

Kurdish /ˈkɜː(ɹ)dɪʃ/ adj
Coirdise Coirdíneach
Of, from, or pertaining to Kurdistan, the Kurdish people or the Kurdish language family.

Kurdish /ˈkɜː(ɹ)dɪʃ/ n
Coirdis
Family of Indo-Iranian languages of Kurdistan (in the Mesopotamia region, from the Zagros of mid-western Iran to the eastern extension of the chain of the Taurus Mountains).

Kurdistan pn
Cordastáin
A region in the Middle East inhabited mostly by the Kurds. It encompasses parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria.

Kurmanji /kɚˈmɑn.dʒi/ /ˈkɚ.mæn.dʒi/ pn
Curmainsis
The Kurdish language with the largest number of speakers, spoken in Turkey, Syria, northernmost Iraq, and parts of Iran and Central Asia.

Kurukh /ˈkʊrʊk/ /ˈkʊrʊx/ pn
Curúicis
A Dravidian language spoken in India and Bangladesh.

Kutenai /ˈkuːtəneɪ/ pn
Cúitinis
The language isolate spoken by this people.

Kuvasz /ˈkuvas/ /ˈkuvɑs/ Kuvasz Kuvaszok n
cuvascach Ungárach
A large, usually white breed of dog with its ancient origins in Hungary.

Kuwait /kjuːˈweɪt/ /kuːˈweɪt/ /kʊˈweɪt/ pn
Cuáit
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: State of Kuwait. Capital: Kuwait City.

Kuwait City pn
Cathair Chuáit
The capital city of Kuwait.

Kyiv /kiːˈɪv/ /ˈkiːv/ /ˈkiːɪv/ /ˈkjɪv/ pn
Cív
The capital city of Ukraine and the administrative centre of Kyiv Oblast.

Kyoto /kiˈjoʊtoʊ/ /ˈkjoʊtoʊ/ pn
Ciótó
A prefecture of Japan.

Kyrgyz /ˈkɜː(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪə(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪɹɡɪz/ adj
Cirgeasach
Of, from, or pertaining to Kyrgyzstan, the Kyrgyz people or the Kyrgyz language.

Kyrgyz /ˈkɜː(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪə(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪɹɡɪz/ Kyrgyz n
Cirgeasach
member of a Turkic people living primarily in Kyrgyzstan
member of a Siberian Turkic people now known as Khakas

Kyrgyz /ˈkɜː(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪə(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪɹɡɪz/ pn
Cirgisis
The Western Turkic language of Kyrgyz people.

Kyrgyz Republic pn
Poblacht na Cirgise
The official name of Kyrgyzstan.

Kyrgyz SSR /ˈkɜː(ɹ)ɡɪz ˌɛsɛsˈɑ(ɹ)/ /ˈkɪə(ɹ)ɡɪz ˌɛsɛsˈɑ(ɹ)/ pn
PSS na Cirgise
Abbreviation of Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic.

Kyrgyzstan /-stæn/ /ˈkɛːɹ.ɡɪˌstɑːn/ /ˈkɪəɹ.ɡɪˌstɑːn/ /ˌkɛːɹ.ɡɪˈstɑːn/ /ˌkɪəɹ.ɡɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Cirgeastáin
A country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China. Official name: Kyrgyz Republic. Capital: Bishkek.

LGBT /ɛl d͡ʒiː biː tiː/ adj
LADT
Being lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender, or relating to these groups as a collective.

LOL /loʊl/ /lɑl/ /lɒl/ /lɔl/ /lɔːl/ /ɛl.oʊˈɛl/ /ɛl.əʊˈɛl/ interjection
GOA
(Internet slang, text messaging) Lots of laughs. (occasionally used)

La Rochelle /ˌla ɹɒˈʃɛl/ /ˌlɑ ɹoʊˈʃɛl/ pn
La Rochelle
A port city, the capital of the Charente-Maritime department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France, on the Bay of Biscay, formerly in Poitou-Charentes.

Labour pn
Lucht Oibre
(UK, NZ) Short for the Labour Party.

Labour Party pn
Páirtí an Lucht Oibre
Any of various political parties that aim to advance the interests of the working class, often characterized by left-of-centre politics and support for organized labour.

Labrador /ˈlæb.ɹəˌdɔɹ/ /ˈlæb.ɹəˌdɔː(ɹ)/ pn
Labradar labradór
The mainland portion of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, in Eastern Canada.
Leithinis Labradar labradór
(chiefly, historical) The geographical region including Labrador in sense 1, as well as neighbouring regions of what is now the province of Quebec.
labradór
A surname from Spanish.

Lacerta pn
Laghairt
(constellation) An inconspicuous autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a lizard. It lies between the constellations of Cygnus and Andromeda.

Ladin /ləˈdiːn/ pn
Laidinis
A Rhaeto-Romance language (or dialect continuum), spoken primarily in the Italian portion of Tyrol and the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy.

Ladino /ləˈdinoʊ/ /ləˈdiːnəʊ/ pn
Laideanóis Laidinis Laidínis
A Romance language mainly spoken by Sephardic Jews (Wikipedia), derived mainly from Old Castilian (Spanish) and Hebrew.

Ladoga pn
Loch Ladoga
A freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, not far from Saint Petersburg. It is the largest lake in Europe.

Lady Ladies n
Bantiarna
An aristocratic title for a woman; the wife of a lord and/or a woman who holds the position in her own right; a title for a peeress, the wife of a peer or knight, and the daughters and daughters-in-law of certain peers.

Lake Erie pn
Loch Erie
One of the five Great Lakes of North America.

Lake Huron pn
Loch Huron
One of the Great Lakes of North America. Hydrologically, a bay of Lake Michigan–Huron.

Lake Michigan pn
Loch Michigan
One of the Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. Hydrologically, a bay of Lake Michigan–Huron.

Lake Ontario pn
Loch Ontario
One of the five Great Lakes of North America.

Lake Superior pn
Loch Superior
A lake in North America; the largest of the Great Lakes and second largest lake and largest freshwater lake in the world by area.

Lake Victoria pn
Loch Victoria
The largest lake in Africa, with shoreline in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania; one of the African Great Lakes.

Lamb of God pn
Uan Dé
Jesus, symbolized as a sacrifice.

Lamentations pn
Olagóin Leabhar na nOlagón
(biblical) a book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh

Land of Israel pn
Iosrael Tír Iosrael
(Judaism, Christianity) A region in the Middle East promised by God to the descendants of Abraham.

Lao /laʊ/ /ˈlɑːoʊ/ Lao Laos n
Laosach
(countable) A Tai ethnic group native to Southeast Asia.
Laoisis Laosach
(uncountable) The official language of Laos that is closely related to Thai.

Lao People's Democratic Republic pn
Daon-Phoblacht Dhaonlathach Laos
The official name of Laos.

Laos /ˈlaʊ(s)/ /ˈlɑːoʊ(s)/ pn
Laos
A country in Southeast Asia. Official name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Capital: Vientiane.

Laotian /leɪˈoʊʃən/ /ˈlaʊʃən/ adj
Laosach
Of, from, or pertaining to the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the Laotian people or the Laotian language.

Lapland pn
Laplainn
The northern parts of Scandinavia and Finland with the Kola Peninsula in Russia, traditionally inhabited by the Sami people.
A region in northern Finland.

Lapp adj
Laplannach Sámach
From Lapland or of the Lapp peoples

Lapp Lapp Lapps n
Laplannach Sámach
An indigenous person from Lapland. One of the Sami people.

Lapp pn
Laplainnis Sáimis
The language of the Lapp peoples.

Laptev Sea pn
Muir Laptaiv
A marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located between the eastern coast of Siberia, the Taimyr Peninsula, the Severnaya Zemlya and the New Siberian Islands. The Kara Sea lies to the west, the East Siberian Sea to the east.

Larne /lɑː(ɹ)n/ pn
Latharna
A town and seaport in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

Last Judgment pn
Breithiúnas Deireanach
The judgement day.

Last Supper pn
Suipéar Déanach
(Christianity) The Passover meal that Jesus ate with his disciples on the night before his death.

Latin /ˈlæt.ɪn/ [ˈlæt.n̩] [ˈlæʔ.n̩] adj
Laidineach
Laidine
Of or relating to Latin: the language spoken in ancient Rome and other cities of Latium.
Of or relating to the script of the language spoken in ancient Rome and many modern alphabets.

Latin /ˈlæt.ɪn/ [ˈlæt.n̩] [ˈlæʔ.n̩] Latins pn
Laidin
(uncountable) The language of the ancient Romans, other Latins and of the Roman Catholic church, especially Classical Latin.

Latin America pn
Meiriceá Laidineach
Those parts of the Americas which speak Spanish, Portuguese, French or Creoles based on them, which are Latin-derived languages: South America, Central America, Mexico, and most islands of the Caribbean.

Latin American adj
Meiriceánach Laidineach
Of or relating to Latin America, its people, or its culture.

Latin alphabet Latin alphabets n
aibítir Laidineach aibítir Rómhánach
The 26-letter alphabet consisting of the following letters (presented in majuscule and minuscule pairs):

Latinity Latinities n
Laidineacht Laidneachas
(uncountable, countable) The quality of a particular person's Latin speech or writing; the Latin language, as an area of study or interest.

Latinization /ˌlæt.ɪ.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ Latinizations n
Laidiniú
The act or process of Latinizing, of making Latin; including translating into Latin.

Latvia /ˈlæt.vi.ə/ /ˈlɑːt.vi.ə/ pn
Laitvia Poblacht na Laitvia
A country in North Eastern Europe. Official name: Republic of Latvia.

Latvian /ˈlætvi.ən/ /ˈlɑːtvi.ən/ adj
Laitviach
Of, from, or pertaining to Latvia, the Latvian people or the Latvian language.

Laurasia pn
Labhráise
(geology) A supercontinent which included most of the landmasses which make up today's continents of the Northern Hemisphere.

Laurence /ˈlɑɹəns/ /ˈlɒ.ɹəns/ /ˈlɔɹəns/ Laurences pn
Labhrás
A en given name

Laysan duck Laysan ducks n
praslacha Laysan
Anas laysanensis, an endangered dabbling duck endemic to the Hawaiian Islands.

Lazio pn
Lazio
An administrative region of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country with Rome as its capital. It corresponds to ancient Latium.

League of Nations pn
Conradh na Náisiún
An international organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the First World War. Its goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation, diplomacy and improving global quality of life. The predecessor of the United Nations.

Leaning Tower of Pisa pn
Túr Claonta Pisa
A famous bell tower in the Italian town of Pisa, known for its irregular lean.

Leaving Certificate Leaving Certificates n
Ardteistiméireacht
(Ireland) The certificate awarded to Irish students who pass the state examinations at the end of secondary school.

Lebanese /lɛ.bəˈniːz/ adj
Liobánach
Of, from, or pertaining to Lebanon or the Lebanese people.

Lebanese /lɛ.bəˈniːz/ Lebanese n
Liobánach
A person from Lebanon or of Lebanese descent.

Lebanese Republic pn
Poblacht na Liobáine
Official name of Lebanon.

Lebanon /-ɒn/ /ˈlɛbənɑn/ /ˈlɛbənɔn/ /ˈlɛbənən/ Lebanons pn
Liobáin
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Lebanese Republic. Capital: Beirut. Also (especially formerly) known as "the Lebanon".

Leeward Islands pn
Oileáin na Fothana
The northern of the Lesser Antilles, consisting of the islands or nations of the Virgin Islands, Anguilla, Saint Martin, Saint-Barthélemy, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Saint Kitts, Nevis, Barbuda, Antigua, Montserrat and Guadeloupe.

Leinster /ˈlɛnstə(ɹ)/ pn
Cúige Laighean Laighin
The most populated province of Ireland, situated in the east of the island.

Leitrim /ˈliːtɹɪm/ pn
Contae Liatroma Liatroim
A county of Ireland.

Lenin pn
Léinín
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, a Russian revolutionary and politician.

Leningrad /ˈlɛn.ənˌɡræd/ /ˈlɛn.ənˌɡrɑd/ /ˈlɛn.ɪnˌɡræd/ /ˈlɛn.ɪnˌɡrɑd/ pn
Leningrad
(historical) Saint Petersburg, a major city in Russia, from the time of Lenin's death in 1924 until 1991.

Lent /lɛnt/ Lents n
Carghas
(Christianity) A period of the ecclesiastical year preceding Easter, traditionally involving temporary abstention from certain foods and pleasures.

Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ /ˈliːəʊ/ pn
León an Leon
A en given name, borne by numerous saints and 13 popes.
Leon an Leon
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac, shaped approximately like a lion and containing the stars Regulus and Denebola.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the Lion, ruled by the Sun and covering July 23 - August 22 (tropical astrology) or August 16 - September 15 (sidereal astrology).

Leo Minor pn
Leon Beag
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a small lion. It lies north of the constellation Leo and south of Ursa Major.

Leonberger Leonbergers n
leoinbeirgeach
A dog of a large, muscular breed with a black mask on the face.

Lepus pn
Giorria
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a rabbit. It lies south of the constellation Orion.

Lesotho /ləˈsuːtuː/ pn
Leosóta
A country in Southern Africa. Official name: Kingdom of Lesotho. Capital: Maseru.

Letterkenny pn
Leitir Ceanainn
A town in County Donegal, Ireland (Irish grid ref C 1712).

Levant /ləˈvænt/ /ləˈvɑnt/ /lɛvɑnt/ /ˈlɛv.ənt/ pn
an Leiveaint
The countries bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea, namely Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus (and sometimes, especially in a historical context, also including Turkey and Egypt, then part of the Ottoman Empire).

Levantine /ˈlɛvəntaɪn/ adj
Leiveantach
Of the Levant, the Eastern Mediterranean.

Leviticus /ləˈvɪtɪkəs/ pn
Léivític Leabhar Léivític
The third of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible; the third book in the Torah.

Lewis /ˈluːɪs/ pn
Leòdhas Leódhas
Ellipsis of Isle of Lewis; an island in Scotland, United Kingdom.

Leyden jar /ˈlaɪdən ˌdʒɑɹ/ Leyden jars n
crúsca Leyden
(electrical engineering, historical) A glass jar or bottle used to accumulate static electricity between two electrodes.

Lezgi pn
Leisgis
The Northeast Caucasian language spoken by these people

Lhasa /ˈlɑːsə/ pn
Lása
The capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.

Liberia /laɪˈbɪəɹ.i.ə/ /laɪˈbɪɹ.i.ə/ pn
Libéir
The provincial capital of Guanacaste, Costa Rica.

Liberian adj
Libéarach
Of, from, or pertaining to Liberia or the Liberian people.

Liberian Liberians n
Libéarach
A person from Liberia or of Liberian descent.

Libra /ˈliːbɹə/ pn
Meá an Mheá
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac, supposedly shaped like a set of scales.
(astrology) The astrological sign for the scales, ruled by Venus and covering September 24 - October 23 (tropical astrology) or October 16 - November 16 (sidereal astrology).

Libya /ˈlɪbi.ə/ pn
Libia
(historical) Africa; that is, the part of North Africa known in classical antiquity.

Liechtenstein /ˈlɪk.tən.staɪn/ pn
Lichtinstéin
A microstate in Central Europe. Official name: Principality of Liechtenstein. Capital: Vaduz.

Liechtensteiner Liechtensteiners n
Lichtinstéanach
A person from Liechtenstein or of Liechtenstein descent.

Liffey /ˈlɪfi/ pn
Life
A river in Ireland that flows from the Wicklow Mountains for around 75 miles (125 km) through Dublin to the Irish Sea.

Ligurian Sea pn
an Mhuir Liogúrach
An arm of the Mediterranean Sea between the Italian Riviera, Corsica and Elba.

Lima /ˈlaɪmə/ /ˈliːmə/ pn
Líoma
The capital city of Peru.

Limerick /ˈlɪm(ə)ɹɪk/ Limericks pn
Luimneach Contae Luimnigh Cathair Luimnigh
A county of Ireland.
Luimneach Cathair Luimnigh
A city in County Limerick.
A habitational surname from Irish.

Lionheart pn
Leonchroí
The nickname of Richard I of England.

Lisbon /ˈlɪzbən/ pn
Liospóin
A port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; capital city of Portugal.

Lisburn /ˈlɪsbɜːn/ /ˈlɪsbɝn/ /ˈlɪzbɜːn/ /ˈlɪzbɝn/ pn
Lios na gCearrbhach
A city and administrative region mainly in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

Lithuania /ˌlɪð.juˈeɪ.ni.ə/ /ˌlɪθ.juˈeɪ.ni.ə/ /ˌlɪθ.uˈeɪ.ni.ə/ /ˌlɪθˈweɪ.ni.ə/ pn
Liotuáin An Liotuáin
A country in northeastern Europe. Official name: Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika).

Lithuanian /ˌlɪð.juˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθ.juˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθ.uˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθˈweɪ.ni.ən/ more Lithuanian most Lithuanian adj
Liotuánach
Of or relating to Lithuania.

Lithuanian /ˌlɪð.juˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθ.juˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθ.uˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθˈweɪ.ni.ən/ Lithuanians n
Liotuáinis
(uncountable) The main language of Lithuania.
Liotuánach
(countable) A person living in or coming from Lithuania.

Liverpool /ˈlɪvə(ɹ)ˌpuːl/ pn
Learpholl
A city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England; an important seaport in the United Kingdom, and once one of the biggest in the world.
A suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
A community of Nova Scotia, Canada.

Liverpudlian more Liverpudlian most Liverpudlian adj
Learphollach
Of or relating to Liverpool in England.

Livonian pn
líovlainnis
A Finno-Ugric language spoken in Latvia.

Ljubljana /ˌl(j)ʊbliˈɑːnə/ pn
Liúibleána
The capital city of Slovenia.

Llanfihangel-ar-Arth pn
Llanfihangel-ar-arth

Lombardy /ˈlɑmbəɹdi/ /ˈlɒmbədi/ pn
Lombaird
An administrative region in northern Italy, where its capital and the largest city Milan is founded in the Po Valley.

London /ˈlʌ.nən/ /ˈlʌn.dən/ Londons pn
Londain
A former administrative county in England, created in 1889 from parts of Kent, Middlesex and Surrey, and merged into Greater London in 1965.

London Underground pn
London Underground
The London underground railway system.

London pride London prides n
cabáiste an mhadra rua
A perennial saxifragaceous plant (a hybrid of various Saxifraga umbrosa and Saxifraga spathularis) that has a basal rosette of leaves and pinkish-white flowers.

Londoner /ˈlʌn.dən.ə(ɹ)/ Londoners n
Londaineach
A person from, or an inhabitant of, London.

Longford /ˈlɑŋfɚd/ /ˈlɒŋfəd/ /ˈlɔŋfɚd/ pn
Contae an Longfoirt an Longfort
A town, the county town of County Longford, Ireland.

Lord /lɔɹd/ /lɔːd/ Lords n
Tiarna
An additional title added to denote the dignity of certain high officials, such as the "Lord Mayors" of major cities in the British Commonwealth

Lord /lɔɹd/ /lɔːd/ Lords pn
Tiarna
(Christianity) God the Father; the Godhead.
(Christianity) Jesus Christ, God the Son.

Lord Mayor Lord Mayors Lords Mayor n
ard-mhéara ardmhéara
(Australia) The mayor of a major city.

Lord's Prayer pn
Paidir Paidir an Tiarna
The prayer which, according to the New Testament of the Bible, Jesus Christ taught his disciples in the Sermon on the Mount.

Lordship of Ireland pn
Tiarnas na hÉireann
The Irish state under the English Kings/Queens when the King/Queen of England held the ex officio title Lord of Ireland from the time Pope Adrian IV granted the title to King Henry II of England, until the time King Henry VIII left the Roman Catholic Church and elevated his Irish title to King of Ireland and the Irish state's status from a lordship to a kingdom.

Lorraine /lɔˈɹeɪn/ /ləˈɹeɪn/ pn
Lorráin
A former administrative region and former duchy in eastern France; since 2016 part of the region of Grand Est.

Los Angeles /- ˈændʒələs/ /- ˈændʒəlɪz/ /loʊs ˈæŋɡələs/ /loʊs ˈɑŋheɪleɪs/ /lɑs ˈændʒələs/ /lɒs ˈændʒɪliːz/ /lɒs ˈændʒɪlɪz/ /lɒs-/ /lɔs ˈændʒəliːz/ /lɔs ˈændʒələs/ /lɔs ˈæŋɡələs/ pn
Cathair na nAingeal Los Angeles
A city and port, the county seat of Los Angeles County, the largest city in California, and the 2nd largest in the United States, famed for being the center of the American film industry.

Lough Neagh /lɒxˈneɪ/ pn
Loch nEathach
A large freshwater lake in Northern Ireland.

Louis /ˈlu.əs/ /ˈlu.ɪs/ /ˈluː.i/ /ˈlʉ.əs/ /ˈlʉː.i/ Louises pn
Lughaidh
A en given name.
(uncommon) A en given name

Louise /luːˈiːz/ /ləˈwiːz/ pn
Laoise
A municipality of Manitoba, Canada.

Louth /laʊð/ pn
Contae Lú Lú
A county (County Louth) in the Republic of Ireland.

Louvre /ˈluːv(ɹə)/ /ˈluːvə(ɹ)/ pn
Louvre
A famous art museum and former royal palace in Paris, France.

Low German n
Gearmáinis Íochtarach
(linguistics) Any of a number of West Germanic languages, primarily spoken in northern Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium, that did not undergo the High German consonant shift; the group thereof.

Lower Austria pn
an Ostair Íochtarach
The northeasternmost state of Austria, with its capital in Sankt Pölten.

Lower Egypt pn
Éigipt Íochtarach
(Egyptology) The half of Ancient Egypt north of Memphis, the Nile Delta, so named because the Nile flows South to North.

Lower Saxony pn
Sacsain Íochtarach
A component state of Germany, in existence since 1946

Lower Sorbian pn
Soirbis Íochtarach
a highly endangered West Slavic language spoken in parts of southern Brandenburg

Loyalist Loyalists n
Dílseoir
(US, Canada, historical) A person from the 13 Colonies (of British North America from the eastern seaboard of mainland North America) who was in favor of remaining in the British Empire during the American Revolution.

Ltd. n
Teo.

Lugh pn
Lú
(Irish mythology) A pre-Christian Irish deity represented in mythological texts as a hero and High King of the distant past: the son of Cian and Ethniu.

Luke /luːk/ /lɪu̯k/ /lʉk/ pn
Lúcás
A en given name
Luke the Evangelist, an early Christian credited with the authorship of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles.
An English surname originating as a patronymic, a variant of Luck.
Lúcás Soiscéal Lúcáis Soiscéal Naofa Íosa Críost de réir Lúcáis
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Luke, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the third of the four gospels.

Lupus /ˈluːpəs/ pn
Faolchú
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a wolf. It lies south of the constellation Libra.

Lurgan pn
An Lorgain
A town in County Armagh, Northern Ireland.

Luther /ˈluːθə/ /ˈluθɚ/ pn
Liútar
Martin Luther, German monk and theologian whose teaching inspired the Reformation

Lutheran /ˈluːθəɹ(ə)n/ /ˈluːθɹ(ə)n/ /ˈluθəɹən/ /ˈluθɹən/ more Lutheran most Lutheran adj
Liútarach
(Christianity) Of or pertaining to the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546) or his followers, or the Lutheran church.

Lutheran /ˈluːθəɹ(ə)n/ /ˈluːθɹ(ə)n/ /ˈluθəɹən/ /ˈluθɹən/ Lutherans n
Clann Liútair Liútarach
(Christianity) A member of any of the Christian churches which identify with the theology of Martin Luther.

Lutheranism n
Liútarachas
The Christian denomination based on the beliefs and doctrines developed by Martin Luther and his immediate followers.

Luxembourg /ˈlʌk.səm.bɜːɡ/ /ˈlʌk.səm.bɝɡ/ pn
Lucsamburg
A small country in Western Europe. Official name: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Capital and largest city: Luxembourg.
A province of Wallonia, Belgium.
The capital city of Luxembourg.
One of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city.

Luxembourger /ˈlʌksəmˌbɜːɡə/ /ˈlʌksəmˌbɝɡɚ/ Luxembourgers n
Lucsamburgach
A person from the independent Grand Duchy of Luxembourg or of Luxembourgish descent.

Luxembourgish /ˈlʌksəmˌbɜːɡɪʃ/ /ˈlʌksəmˌbɝɡɪʃ/ adj
Lucsamburgach
Of, from, or pertaining to Luxembourg or its people.
Lucsambuirgise
Of or in the language of Luxembourg (derived from the Moselle Franconian group of High German dialects).

Luxembourgish /ˈlʌksəmˌbɜːɡɪʃ/ /ˈlʌksəmˌbɝɡɪʃ/ pn
Lucsambuirgis
A Germanic language spoken in Luxembourg and, traditionally, around the city of Arlon (Belgium); originally included in the Moselle Franconian group of High German dialects, but now usually regarded as a separate language due to its standardisation and official use in the state of Luxembourg.

Lycia /ˈlɪsi.ə/ /ˈlɪʃi.ə/ /ˈlɪʃə/ pn
Licia
(historical) An ancient region and Roman province in the southwest of Asia Minor, between Caria and Pamphylia.

Lydia /ˈlɪ.di.ə/ pn
Lidia
(Biblical) A woman converted by St. Paul; presumably named for ancestry or residence in Lydia.

Lydian /ˈlɪ.di.ən/ /ˈlɪ.dɪ.ən/ adj
Lidiach
Pertaining to Lydia, or its people, language or culture.

Lydian /ˈlɪ.di.ən/ /ˈlɪ.dɪ.ən/ Lydians n
Lidiach
A native or inhabitant of ancient Lydia.

Lydian /ˈlɪ.di.ən/ /ˈlɪ.dɪ.ən/ pn
Lidis
An extinct Indo-European language in the Anatolian subgroup.

Lynx /lɪŋks/ pn
Lincse
(constellation) A faint spring constellation of the northern sky. It lies north of the constellation Cancer.

Lyon pn
Lyon
The third largest city in France; capital of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

Lyra /ˈlaɪ.ɹə/ /ˈlɪ(ə)ɹ.ə/ pn
Lir
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a lyre. It includes the bright star Vega and the Ring Nebula.

MEP MEPs n
FPE Feisire de Pharlaimint na hEorpa
(EU politics) Initialism of Member of the European Parliament.

MacDonald /məkˈdɑnəld/ /məkˈdɒnəld/ pn
Mac Dhomhnaill
A surname from Scottish Gaelic common in Scotland.

Macbeth /məkˈbɛθ/ pn
Traigéide Mhic Bheatha
A William Shakespeare play, about the Scottish royal family.
Mac Bheatha
The eponymous main character of William Shakespeare's play.
MacBheatha mac Fhionnlaigh
An 11th-century king of Scotland.

Maccabee /ˈmæ.kəˌbi/ Maccabees n
Macabaech
(biblical) A member of the Maccabees (a liberation movement in Israel who established Jewish independence in the Land of Israel in the second and first centuries BC).

Maccabees pn
Macabaeigh
(biblical) One of two books of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

Macedonia /ˌmæs.əˈdoʊ.ni.ə/ /ˌmæs.əˈdoʊn.jə/ /ˌmæs.əˈdəʊ.nɪ.ə/ pn
Macadóin
An ancient Greek kingdom, located to the north of Thessaly, comprising the Greek city of Thessaloniki and its surroundings.
Iar-Phoblacht Iúgslavach na Macadóine Macadóin Macadóin na Gréige Poblacht Iar-Iúgslavach na Macadóine
A geographical region which includes the Republic of North Macedonia, the Greek region of Macedonia, the Pirin region of Bulgaria, and small parts of Albania and Serbia.

Macedonian /mæsəˈdəʊnɪən/ adj
Macadóine Macadóinise Macadónach
Of or pertaining to Macedonia or its people or language.

Macedonian /mæsəˈdəʊnɪən/ Macedonians n
Macadónach
(countable) A person from Macedonia (in any sense).
Macadóinis
(uncountable) A South Slavic language, the standard language of the Republic of North Macedonia.

Madeira /məˈdɪəɹ.ə/ pn
Maidéara
An island in the Atlantic Ocean and an autonomous region of Portugal.

Madrid /məˈdɹɪd/ /ˈmædrɪd/ /ˈmædɹɪd/ pn
Maidrid
A province of the Community of Madrid, Spain. Capital: Madrid.

Magdalene /ˈmæɡdəlin/ /ˈmɔːdlɪn/ pn
Madailéin
A en given name

Mahayana /ˌmɑːhəˈjɑːnə/ /ˌmʌhəˈjɑːnə/ pn
Búdachas Mahayana Mahayana
(Buddhism) A school of Buddhism widely practised in East Asia and Vietnam which accepts non-Pali canon scriptures, recognizes a broader array of buddhas and bodhisattvas, and whose spiritual objective is to achieve Buddhahood and liberate other beings, rather than simply to achieve personal enlightenment, as in Theravada Buddhism.

Maine /mɛːn/ pn
An Mhaing
A river in County Kerry, Ireland, flowing 43 km from Tobermaing into the Atlantic at Castlemaine.

Majorca /məˈd͡ʒɔɹ.kə/ /məˈd͡ʒɔː.kə/ /məˈjɔɹ.kə/ /məˈjɔː.kə/ pn
Mallarca
An island in the Mediterranean; largest of the Balearic Islands.

Malachi /ˈmæləkaɪ/ pn
Malaicí Leabhar Mhalaicí
(book of the bible) A book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.
Malaicí
(biblical character) A minor prophet.
Alternative spelling of Malachy

Malawi /mɑːˈlɑːwi/ /məˈlɑːwi/ pn
Maláiv Poblacht na Maláive
A country in Southern Africa. Official name: Republic of Malawi.

Malawian adj
Malávach
Of, from, or pertaining to Malawi or the Malawian people.

Malawian Malawians n
Malávach
A person from Malawi or of Malawian descent.

Malay /meɪˈleɪ/ /məˈleɪ/ /ˈmeɪleɪ/ pn
Malaeis
(broad sense) The Malay language, an Austronesian language spoken by most Malay people and by others where it is an official language, including under the name Indonesian.

Malaya /məˈleɪ.ə/ pn
Leithinis Mhalae Malae
The southern part of the Malay Peninsula and several nearby islands, currently forming the western part of the Federation of Malaysia, now known as West Malaysia.

Mallorcan more Mallorcan most Mallorcan adj
Mallarcach
Of, from, or relating to, Mallorca or its culture or people.

Mallorcan Mallorcans n
Mallarcach
An inhabitant of Mallorca.

Malpighian more Malpighian most Malpighian adj
mailpígeach
Of, relating to, or discovered by Marcello Malpighi, an Italian anatomist of the 17th century.

Malta /ˈmɑl.tə/ /ˈmɒl.tə/ /ˈmɔl.tə/ /ˈmɔːl.tə/ pn
Málta
An island country in Southern Europe. Capital: Valletta.
The archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea composing the country.
The largest island in the Maltese Archipelago.
A small city, the county seat of Phillips County, Montana, United States.

Maltese /mɑlˈtiz/ /mɒlˈtiːz/ /mɔːlˈtiːz/ adj
Máltach Máltais
Of or pertaining to Malta or its language.

Maltese /mɑlˈtiz/ /mɒlˈtiːz/ /mɔːlˈtiːz/ Maltese Malteses n
Máltach Máltais
(mostly, in the plural, plural "Maltese") An inhabitant or a resident of Malta.

Maltese /mɑlˈtiz/ /mɒlˈtiːz/ /mɔːlˈtiːz/ pn
Máltais
The Semitic language of Malta.

Maltese cross Maltese crosses n
Cros Mháltach
A cross having four equal arms resembling arrowheads joined at the points

Malé /ˈmɑːleɪ/ /ˈmɑːlɛ/ pn
Malé
The capital city of the Maldives.

Manannán mac Lir pn
Manannán mac Lir
(Irish mythology) The god of the sea.

Manasseh /məˈnæ.sə/ pn
Manaise
The elder son of Joseph in the Bible, eponymous ancestor of one of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Manchester /mæn.ˈt͡ʃɛs.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈman.t͡ʃɪs.tə/ /ˈmæn.t͡ʃɛs.tɚ/ /ˈmæn.t͡ʃɪs.tə(ɹ)/ pn
Manchain
A major city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in northwestern England.
The largest city in New Hampshire, United States and one of the two county seats of Hillsborough County.

Manchuria /mænˈt͡ʃʊəɹiə/ pn
Manchúir
(historical) The area traditionally inhabited by the Manchu people and their Jurchen predecessors, in modern China and Russia.

Manchurian /mænˈt͡ʃʊəɹiən/ Manchurians n
Manchúrach
An inhabitant of Manchuria, especially one who is not of Han Chinese origin.

Mancunian /manˈkjuː.nɪ.ən/ /maŋ-/ /mænˈkju.ni.ən/ more Mancunian most Mancunian adj
Manchanach
Related or pertaining to Manchester, England, in the United Kingdom.

Mancunian /manˈkjuː.nɪ.ən/ /maŋ-/ /mænˈkju.ni.ən/ Mancunians n
Manchanach
A person raised or living in the city of Manchester, England, in the United Kingdom.

Mandarin /mæn.də.ˈɹɪn/ /ˈmæn.də.ɹɪn/ n
Mandairínis
Standard Mandarin, an official language of China and Taiwan, and one of four official languages in Singapore; Putonghua, Guoyu or Huayu.

Manila /mɐˈni.lɐ/ /məˈnɪl.ə/ pn
Mainile
The capital city of the Philippines; regional capital of Metro Manila, in the island of Luzon.

Manx /mæŋks/ more Manx most Manx adj
Manannach
Relating to the Isle of Man and/or its Celto-Germanic people.
Gaeilge Mhanann Manainnis
Relating to the Manx language (also known as Manx Gaelic), a Gaelic language of the Goidelic family.
cat Manannach
Relating to the Manx cat breed.

Manx /mæŋks/ Manx Manxes n
Manannach
A member or descendant of the Celto-Germanic people of the Isle of Man; a Manxman or Manxwoman.
(collective, in the plural) the Manx; Manx people.
A breed of domestic cat native to the Isle of Man, principally characterized by suppression of the tail, and with a short-haired coat and rounded, cobby body.
Manannach cat Manannach
A cat of the Manx breed; a Manx cat.

Manx /mæŋks/ pn
Manainnis Gaeilge Mhanann
(uncountable) A Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man.

Manx cat /mæŋks kæt/ Manx cats n
cat Manannach
A domestic cat of a breed that is native to the Isle of Man, principally characterized by suppression of the tail, and with a short-haired coat and a medium-sized, rounded, cobby body.

Manx shearwater Manx shearwaters n
cánóg dhubh

Manxman Manxmen n
Manannach
A man from the Isle of Man

Maori /ˈmaʊɹi/ /ˈmæʊɹiː/ /ˈmɐʉɹiː/ [ˈmɑːɔɾi] adj
Maorach
Of, from, or pertaining to the Maori.

Maori /ˈmaʊɹi/ /ˈmæʊɹiː/ /ˈmɐʉɹiː/ [ˈmɑːɔɾi] Maori Maories Maoris n
Maorach Maorais
A member of the indigenous people of New Zealand.

Mapudungun pn
Mapúitsis
A language isolate spoken in Chile and Argentina by the Mapuche people.

Maputo /məˈpuːtəʊ/ pn
Mapútó
The capital city of Mozambique.

Marathi /məˈɹɑːti/ pn
Maraitis
An Indo-Aryan language that is the predominant language spoken in the state of Maharashtra, India.

Marcella pn
Mairsile
A en given name.

Marcellus pn
Marcellus
A en given name.

March /mɑɹt͡ʃ/ /mɑːt͡ʃ/ Marches pn
Márta márta
The third month of the Gregorian calendar, following February and preceding April. Abbreviation: Mar or Mar.

Margaret /-ət/ /ˈmɑɹɡəɹɪt/ /ˈmɑɹɡɹɪt/ /ˈmɑːɡəɹɪt/ /ˈmɑːɡɹɪt/ Margarets pn
Máiréad Máighréad
A en given name.

Mark /maːk/ /mɑɹk/ /mɑː(ɹ)k/ Marks pn
Marcas
A en given name.
Mark the Evangelist, also called John Mark, the first patriarch of Alexandria, credited with the authorship of the Gospel of Mark.
Marcas Soiscéal Mharcais Soiscéal Naofa Íosa Críost de réir Mharcais
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Mark, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the second of the four gospels.

Marquesas Islands pn
Oileáin Mharcasacha
a group of volcanic islands in French Polynesia

Mars /ˈmɑɹz/ /ˈmɑːz/ Marses pn
Mars Máirt
(astronomy) The fourth planet in the solar system. Symbol: ♂
Mars
(Roman god) The Roman god of war.

Marseille /mɑː(ɹ)ˈseɪ/ pn
Marseille
The capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.

Marshall Islands /ˈmaːʃəl ˈaɪləndz/ /ˈmɑɹ.ʃəl ˈaɪ.ləndz/ /ˈmɑː.ʃəl ˈaɪ.ləndz/ pn
Oileáin Marshall
A country consisting of two archipelagos in Micronesia, in Oceania. Official name: Republic of the Marshall Islands. Capital and largest city: Majuro.

Marshallese adj
Mairseallach
Of or pertaining to the Marshall Islands, its people, or its language.

Marshallese Marshallese n
Mairseallach
An inhabitant of the Marshall Islands.

Marshallese pn
Mairsillis
The Austronesian language of the Marshall Islands.

Martian /ˈmɑɹʃən/ /ˈmɑːʃən/ adj
Marsa Marsach
Of or relating to the planet Mars, or (science fiction) its imagined inhabitants. [from 19th c.]

Martian /ˈmɑɹʃən/ /ˈmɑːʃən/ Martians n
Marsach
(astrology) A person under the astrological influence of the planet Mars.
(chiefly, science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Mars.

Martin /ˈmɑɹ.tn̩/ /ˈmɑː.tɪn/ Martins pn
Máirtín Mártan
A en given name originally given in honor of a fourth century soldier-saint.

Martinmas Martinmases n
Lá Fhéile Mártain
St Martin's Day, 11th November. A Scottish quarter day.

Marxism /ˈmɑɹksɪzəm/ Marxisms n
Marxachas
The socialist and communist philosophy and political program founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
The socialist and communist theory of the followers of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels; a radical, revolutionary political philosophy that aims to capture state power, introduce a dictatorship of the proletariat, and then progress to communism.

Mary /ˈmeː.ɹi/ /ˈmɛə.ɹi/ /ˈmɛɚ.i/ /ˈmɛɹ.i/ Maries Marys pn
Muire Máire
Mary of Bethany, the sister of Lazarus and Martha.
(Islam) The 19th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an, recounting the events leading up to the birth of Jesus.
Máire
(Ireland, dated) A male middle name, given in honour of the Virgin Mary.

Mary Magdalene pn
Máire Mhaigdiléana
(biblical character) A female disciple of Jesus.

Mass /ˈmæs/ Masses n
Aifreann
(Roman Catholic Church) The principal liturgical service of the Church, encompassing both a scripture service (Liturgy of the Word) and a eucharistic service (Liturgy of the Eucharist), which includes the consecration and oblation (offering) of the host and wine.

Mass card Mass cards n
cárta Aifrinn
(Christianity) A religious card that states that a Catholic Mass has been said in honour of a dead person, or as a request for special favours such as improved health or success in a worldly endeavour.

Matterhorn pn
Matterhorn
An iconic pyramidal mountain on the border of Switzerland and Italy.

Matthew /-(j)ɪu̯/ /ˈmæθjuː/ Matthews pn
Maitiú Mathúin Maitias Matha
A en given name of biblical origin.
Matha Soiscéal Mhatha Soiscéal Naofa Íosa Críost de réir Mhatha
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Matthew, the first book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the first of the four gospels, a book attributed to Matthew the Evangelist.

Maundy Thursday pn
Déardaoin Mandála
The Thursday before Easter, which commemorates the Last Supper.

Mauretania pn
Máratáin Múratáin
An ancient Berber kingdom on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa which was annexed by the Romans.

Maurice /mɔˈɹis/ /məˈɹis/ /məˈɹiːs/ /ˈmɒɹɪs/ pn
Muiris
A en given name, equivalent to English Morris.

Mauritania /ˌmɒɹɪˈteɪni.ə/ /ˌmɔːɹɪˈteɪni.ə/ pn
Máratáin
A country in West Africa. Official name: Islamic Republic of Mauritania. Capital: Nouakchott.

Mauritanian more Mauritanian most Mauritanian adj
Máratánach
Of, from, or pertaining to Mauritania, the Mauritanian people or the Mauritanian language.

Mauritanian Mauritanians n
Máratánach
A person from Mauritania or of Mauritanian descent.

May /meɪ/ Mays pn
Bealtaine
The fifth month of the Gregorian calendar, following April and preceding June.

May Day May Days n
Lá Bealtaine
The first day of May, a festival celebrating the beginning of the spring season; originally, and still among neopagans, a fertility celebration.

Maynooth /məˈnuːθ/ pn
Maigh Nuad
A town in County Kildare, Ireland, about 22 km west of Dublin city centre: home of Maynooth University and St Patrick’s college.

Mayo /ˈmeɪəʊ/ pn
Contae Mhaigh Eo Maigh Eo
A county of Ireland.

McNamara /mæknəˈmærə/ pn
Mac Conmara Nic Conmara
A surname from Irish

Meath /miːð/ pn
Contae na Mí Mí
A county of Ireland

Mede /miːd/ Medes n
Méideach na Méidigh
Any of a Western Iranian people who inhabited the ancient region of Media.

Medea /məˈdiːə/ /mɪˈdiːə/ pn
Méidé
(Greek mythology) An enchantress who helped Jason obtain the Golden Fleece.

Media /ˈmiːdɪə/ pn
Méide
(historical) A region in northwestern Iran, originally inhabited by the Medes
(historical) The territories corresponding to the empire ruled by dynasts from Media.

Median /ˈmiːdɪən/ adj
Méideach
Relating to Media or Medes. [from 16th c.]

Median /ˈmiːdɪən/ pn
Méidis
The northwestern Old Iranian language of the Medes, attested only by numerous loanwords in Old Persian, few borrowings in Old Armenian and some glosses in Ancient Greek; nothing is known of its grammar.

Medina /məˈdinə/ pn
Meidíne
A city, the county seat of Medina County, Ohio, named for the city in Saudi Arabia.

Mediterranean /ˌmɛdɪtəˈɹeɪnɪən/ [mɛdɪtəˈɹeɪnjən] [mɛɾəɾəˈɹeɪnɪən] more Mediterranean most Mediterranean adj
Meánmhuirí Meánmhara
Of or pertaining to the Mediterranean Sea and the region around it.

Mediterranean Sea /ˌmɛ.də.təˈɹeɪ.ni.ən ˈsi/ /ˌmɛ.də.təˈɹeɪ.njən ˈsi/ /ˌmɛ.dɪ.təˈɹeɪ.nɪ.ən ˈsiː/ pn
Meánmhuir An Mheánmhuir
The sea between Europe and Africa.

Melanesia /ˌmɛl.əˈni.ʒə/ /ˌmɛl.əˈniː.zi.ə/ pn
Meilinéis
A region of Oceania, made up of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji.

Melanesian adj
Meilinéiseach
Of or relating to Melanesia.

Melanesian Melanesians n
Meilinéiseach
A Melanesian person.

Melissa /məˈlɪsə/ pn
Maolíosa
A en given name. Popular in the latter half of the 20th century.

Mensa /ˈmɛnsə/ pn
Tábla
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, originally named after Table Mountain in South Africa. It lies between the constellations of Hydrus and Volans.

Mercurian Mercurians n
Mearcarach
(science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Mercury.

Mercury /ˈmɜː(ɹ)kjʊɹi/ /ˈmɝk(ə)ɹi/ /ˈmɝkjəɹi/ pn
Mearcair
(astronomy) The planet in the solar system with the closest orbit to the Sun, named after the god; represented by ☿.
(Roman god) The Roman god associated with speed, sometimes used as a messenger, wearing winged sandals; the Roman counterpart of the Greek god Hermes.

Merovingian /ˌmɛɹ.əˈvɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ adj
Meirvínseach
Of or relating to this dynasty.

Merovingian /ˌmɛɹ.əˈvɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ Merovingians n
Meirvínseach
One of a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin) largely corresponding to ancient Gaul from the middle of the 5th century, and whose politics involved frequent civil warfare among branches of the family.

Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year phraseologicalUnit
Nollaig Shona agus Athbhliain faoi Mhaise Daoibh! Nollaig Shona agus Athbhliain faoi Mhaise Duit!
A traditional greeting for Christmas and the new year.

Mesolithic adj
Méisiliteach
Of or referring to the Middle Stone Age (also the Mesolithic period or the Mesolithic age), a prehistoric period that lasted between 10000 and 3000 BC.

Mesopotamia /mɛsəpəˈteɪmɪə/ pn
an Mheaspatáim
A region in Southwest Asia spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris that is the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man.

Messiah pn
Meisias Ungthach
(Christianity) Jesus.

Metonic cycle Metonic cycles n
ciogal gealaí

Mexican /ˈmɛksək(ə)n/ /ˈmɛksɪk(ə)n/ more Mexican most Mexican adj
Meicsiceach
Of, from, or pertaining to the country of Mexico.

Mexican /ˈmɛksək(ə)n/ /ˈmɛksɪk(ə)n/ Mexicans n
Meicsiceach
A person from the country of Mexico or of Mexican descent.

Mexican hairless /ˈmɛks.ɪ.kən ˈhɛə.ləs/ Mexican hairlesses n
Madra Meicsiceach Gan Fionnadh
A dog of a particular breed.

Mexico /ˈmɛ.hi.koʊ/ /ˈmɛ.hi.kəʊ/ /ˈmɛk.sɪ.koʊ/ /ˈmɛk.sɪ.kəʊ/ pn
Meicsiceo Stáit Aontaithe Mheicsiceo
A city, the county seat of Audrain County, Missouri, United States.

Mexico City /ˈmɛk.sɪ.koʊ sɪɾi/ /ˈmɛk.sɪ.kəʊ sɪti/ pn
Cathair Mheicsiceo
The capital city of Mexico.

Miao pn
Hmongais Bhán
The languages of the Miao.

Micah /ˈmaɪkə/ Micahs pn
Míocá Leabhar Mhíocá
A book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.
Míocá
An Ephraimite featured in Judges 17–18 and protagonist of the Micah’s idol narrative. Also called Michas.
The minor prophet and author of the Book of Micah.
A en given name
A en given name.

Michael /ˈmaɪkəl/ [ˈmɐɪ.kɫ̩] Michaels pn
Mícheál
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) An archangel associated with defending the faithful in the tribulation.
Micheál
A surname transferred from the given name.

Michaelmas /ˈmɪkəlməs/ Michaelmases pn
Lá Fhéile Michíl
A Christian feast celebrated on the 29th of September in honour of the archangel Michael.

Micronesia /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈniː.zi.ə/ /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈniː.ʒə/ /ˌmaɪ.kɹəʊˈniː.zi.ə/ /ˌmaɪ.kɹəʊˈniː.ʃə/ /ˌmaɪ.kɹəʊˈniː.ʒə/ /ˌmaɪkroʊˈniːʒə/ pn
Micrinéis
A geographical region of Oceania.
A country consisting of about 2000 islands in Oceania. Official name: Federated States of Micronesia. Capital: Palikir.

Microscopium pn
Micreascóp
(constellation) A faint constellation of the southern spring sky, said to resemble a microscope. It lies south of the constellation of Capricornus.

Middle Ages /ˌmɪdl̩ ˈeɪdʒɪz/ pn
Meánaois
(history) The period of primarily European history between the decline of the Western Roman Empire (antiquity) and the early modern period or the Renaissance; the time between c. 500 and 1500 CE.

Middle Cornish pn
Meán-Coirnis
The Celtic language spoken in Cornwall between the 13th and 17th centuries.

Middle East pn
Meánoirthear
(geopolitics) The region comprising West Asia without the South Caucasus and additionally including all of Egypt (not just the Sinai) and all of Turkey (not just Asian Turkey).

Middle English pn
Meán-Bhéarla
The ancient or older language of Modern English, spoken in England and parts of Scotland (where it became Lowland Scots) from about 1100 AD to 1500 AD.

Middle High German pn
Meán-Ard-Ghearmáinis
An ancestor to the modern (High) German language, spoken from 1050 to about 1500. Some linguists prefer to use 1350 as the end of the Middle High German period, calling the period from 1350 to 1650 Early New High German in a broad sense.

Middle Irish pn
Meán-Ghaeilge
The Goidelic language spoken in Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man from the 10th to the 12th century.

Midleton /ˈmɪdl̩tən/ pn
Mainistir na Corann
A town in County Cork, Ireland (Irish grid ref W 8773).

Midwest pn
Iarthar Láir
(with "the") The area of the contiguous United States contained in the central third of the country, especially the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas, sometimes inclusive of Missouri and Kentucky.

Milky Way pn
Bealach na Bó Finne Claí Mór na Réaltaí Láir Bhán
(galaxy) The Milky Way Galaxy, the galaxy in which Earth is located. [from mid 19th c.]
(astronomy) A broad band of diffuse white light, visible in the night sky; our view of the dense portions of the Milky Way Galaxy from inside the galaxy. [from late 14th c.]

Miniature Pinscher Miniature Pinschers n
pinséir bídeach
A small breed of pinscher bred in Germany to hunt small vermin, especially rats.

Minorca /mɪˈnɔː(ɹ)kə/ pn
Mionarca
One of the Balearic Islands of Spain.

Minorcan adj
Mionarcach
Of or relating to Minorca or its inhabitants.

Minorcan Minorcans n
Mionarcach
An inhabitant of Minorca.

Minsk /mɪnsk/ pn
Minsc Mionsc
The capital city of Belarus.

Miss /mɪs/ /ˈmɪz/ Misses Mlles n
ógbhean iníon
Form of address, now used chiefly for an unmarried woman; used chiefly of girls before the mid-1700s, and thereafter used also of adult women without regard to marital status.
Form of address for a teacher or a waitress.

Mogadishu /-ˈdɪʃ-/ /ˌmoʊ.ɡəˈdi.ʃu/ /ˌmɒɡəˈdiːʃuː/ pn
Mogaidisiú
The capital city of Somalia.

Moghul Moghuls n
Mógail Mógal
(now, _, historical) A Mongol or Mongolian, especially a member or follower of the Moghul dynasty.

Mohammedan /-n̩/ /moʊˈhæm.ə.dən/ /məˈhæm.ɪ.dən/ adj
Mahamadach
(now, largely, _, obsolete, and, offensive) Muslim, Islamic.

Mohammedan /-n̩/ /moʊˈhæm.ə.dən/ /məˈhæm.ɪ.dən/ Mohammedans n
Mahamadach
(now, largely, _, obsolete, and, offensive) Muslim.

Moldova /mɑlˈdoʊ.və/ /mɒlˈdəʊ.və/ /mɔlˈdoʊ.və/ /ˈmɒl.də.və/ pn
Moldóiv An Mholdóiv
A country in Eastern Europe. Official name: Republic of Moldova. Capital and largest city: Chișinău.
A region in eastern Romania adjacent to the country of Moldova, once part of the principality of Moldova.

Moldovan adj
Moldóvach
Relating to the country of Moldova.
Relating to the Moldovan language.

Moldovan Moldovans n
Moldóvach
An inhabitant of the Republic of Moldova.

Moldovan pn
Moldáivis
The dialect of Romanian spoken in the Republic of Moldova, which may be written in either the Cyrillic or the Roman alphabet.

Moluccas /məˈlʌkəz/ pn
Molacaí
An archipelago in Indonesia.

Monaco /mɒˈnɑː.kəʊ/ /ˈmɑ.nə.koʊ/ /ˈmɒ.nə.kəʊ/ pn
Monacó
A city-state in Western Europe. Official name: Principality of Monaco.

Monaghan /ˈmɒnəhən/ /ˈmʌnəhən/ Monaghans pn
Contae Mhuineacháin Muineachán
A county of Ireland.
Muineachán
A town in County Monaghan, Ireland.

Monday /ˈmʌn.deɪ/ /ˈmʌn.di/ adv
Dé Luain Luan
(US, Canada, informal in UK) On Monday.

Monday /ˈmʌn.deɪ/ /ˈmʌn.di/ Mondays n
Luan Dé Luain
The second day of the week in many religious traditions, and the first day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm. It follows Sunday and precedes Tuesday.

Mongolia /mɑːŋˈɡoʊli.ə/ /mɒŋˈɡəʊli.ə/ pn
Mongóil An Mhongóil
A country in Eastern Asia.

Mongolian /mɒŋˈɡoʊliən/ more Mongolian most Mongolian adj
Mongólach
Of or relating to Mongolia or its peoples, languages, or cultures.

Mongolian /mɒŋˈɡoʊliən/ Mongolians n
Mongólach
(countable) A native or inhabitant of Mongolia.
Mongóilis
(uncountable) A group of languages from Mongolia, specifically Khalkha, the official language of Mongolia.

Monoceros pn
Aonbheannach
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a unicorn. It lies amid the Milky Way, just east of the constellation Orion.

Monrovia /mənˈroʊviə/ pn
Monrovia
The capital city of Liberia.

Montagu's harrier Montagu's harriers n
cromán liath
A migratory bird of prey of the harrier family, Circus pygargus.

Montenegrin /-ˈneɪɡɹɪn/ /ˌmɒntɪˈniːɡɹɪn/ more Montenegrin most Montenegrin adj
Montainéagróch
relating to Montenegro (country)
relating to Montenegrins (ethnic group)

Montenegrin /-ˈneɪɡɹɪn/ /ˌmɒntɪˈniːɡɹɪn/ Montenegrins n
Montainéagróch
(countable) a person from Montenegro (country)
Montainéigris
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken in Montenegro.

Montenegro /mɒn.tɪˈneɪ.ɡɹəʊ/ /mɒn.tɪˈnɛɡ.ɹəʊ/ /ˌmɑn.təˈneɪ.ɡɹoʊ/ /ˌmɑn.tɪˈni.ɡɹoʊ/ Montenegroes pn
Montainéagró
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Capital and largest city: Podgorica. Part of Yugoslavia until 2003, then part of Serbia and Montenegro until 2006.

Montpellier /mɒnˈpɛlieɪ/ /mɒnˌpɛliˈeɪ/ pn
Sliabh Piosaláin
A city, the capital of the Hérault department, Occitanie, France, formerly the capital of Languedoc-Roussillon.

Montserrat /mɒn(t)səˈɹæt/ /mɒn(t)səˈɹɒt/ pn
Montsarat
An island and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean. Official name: Montserrat.

Moon /mun/ /muːn/ pn
Gealach
The Earth's moon; the sole natural satellite of the Earth, represented in astronomy and astrology by ☾.

Moorish /ˈmɔɹ.ɪʃ/ /ˈmɔː.ɹɪʃ/ /ˈmʊə.ɹɪʃ/ /ˈmʊɹ.ɪʃ/ more Moorish most Moorish adj
Múrach
Of or pertaining to the Moors or their culture.
(architecture) Of or pertaining to a style of Spanish and Portuguese architecture from the time of the Moors, characterized by the horseshoe arch and ornate, geometric decoration.

Moravia /mɔˈɹeɪvi.ə/ /məˈɹeɪvi.ə/ pn
Moráiv An Mhoráiv
A historical region in the eastern Czech Republic.

Moravian more Moravian most Moravian adj
Morávach
Of, or pertaining to, Moravia or its people or culture.
Of, or pertaining to, the Moravian Church or its members.
Pertaining to, or bordering on, the Morava river in Czech Republic, Europe.
Pertaining to, or bordering on, the Morava river in Serbia, Europe.

Mordovia pn
an Mhordóiv
A republic of Russia. Official name: Republic of Mordovia. Capital: Saransk.

Morocco /mɔɹˈɑkoʊ/ /məˈɹɑkoʊ/ /məˈɹɒkəʊ/ pn
Maracó
Morocco (a country in North Africa; official name: Kingdom of Morocco; capital: Rabat).

Mosaic adj
Maoise Maoiseach
Pertaining to Moses, or the writings and traditions attributed to him. [from 17th c.]

Moscow /ˈmɑskaʊ/ /ˈmɑskoʊ/ /ˈmɒskəʊ/ /ˈmɔskɐʉ/ pn
Moscó
A federal city, the capital and largest city of Russia.

Moses /ˈmoʊzəs/ /ˈmoʊzəz/ /ˈməʊzɪs/ /ˈməʊzɪz/ pn
Maois Maoise
(biblical character) The pharaonic patriarch who led the enslaved Hebrews out of Egypt, the brother of Aaron and Miriam described in the Book of Exodus and the Quran.

Mosotho Basotho n
Basútach
A member of the Basotho ethnic group.
Leosótach
A citizen of Lesotho.

Mother of God pn
Máthair Dé
(Christianity) A dogmatic title of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her role as mother of God.

Mount of Olives pn
Cnoc na nOlóg
A mountain ridge east of and adjacent to the Old City of Jerusalem, a holy place for both Judaism and Christianity.

Mozambican Mozambicans n
Mósaimbíceach
A native or inhabitant of Mozambique, or a descendant of such person.

Mozambique /ˌmoʊ.zæmˈbiːk/ pn
Mósaimbíc
A country in East Africa and Southern Africa. Official name: Republic of Mozambique (since 1990). Capital: Maputo.

Mr. /ˈmɪstəɹ/ [ˈmɪstə(ɹ)] [ˈmɪstɚ] Messrs. n
Uas.
(US, Canada) Abbreviation of mister. A title used before the surname in theory, though not generally in practice, above some undefined social level, too old to be addressed as “Master”, not a knight or of some higher rank, and, in Britain though not in the United States, not entitled to be addressed as “Dr.”.

Mrs /ˈmɪs/ /ˈmɪsəz/ /ˈmɪsɪz/ /ˈmɪz/ Mesdames Mmes Mrses n
Bh
Abbreviation of Missus or Mistress (used before an adult woman's name or surname, used for any high-status woman without regard to marital status until the 1800s, after which it began to be reserved for married, divorced and widowed women and used with their married surnames)

Muff pn
Magh
A village in County Donegal, Ireland

Muldoon Muldoons pn
Ó Maoldúin

Mulhouse /məˈluːz/ pn
Mulhouse
A city in the Haut-Rhin department, Alsace, Grand Est, France

Mullingar /ˌmʌlɪnˈɡɑː(ɹ)/ pn
An Muileann gCearr
A town and civil parish, the county town of County Westmeath, Ireland.

Munster /ˈmʌnstəɹ/ pn
Cúige Mumhan Mumhain
The southernmost province of Ireland.

Muriel /ˈmjʊəɹɪ.əl/ pn
Muirgeal Muirgheal
A en given name of mostly British usage.

Muse /mjuːz/ Muses n
Bé
One of the nine Ancient Greek deities of the arts.

Muslim /ˈmʊs.ləm/ /ˈmʊs.lɪm/ /ˈmʊz.ləm/ /ˈmʊz.lɪm/ /ˈmʌz.ləm/ more Muslim most Muslim adj
Moslamach Mahamadach
Being or relating to a believer of Islam.

Muslim /ˈmʊs.ləm/ /ˈmʊs.lɪm/ /ˈmʊz.ləm/ /ˈmʊz.lɪm/ /ˈmʌz.ləm/ Muslima Muslimah Muslims n
Mahamadach Moslamach
A person who is a follower and believer of Islam.

Myanmar /mjænˈmɑː/ /ˈmaɪ̯ænˌmɑː/ /ˈmjæn.mɑː/ /ˈmjænˌmɑɹ/ /ˈmjɑnˌmɑɹ/ /ˌmjɑnˈmɑɹ/ pn
Maenmar
A country in Southeast Asia. Official name: Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Capital: Naypyidaw. Also known as Burma (which was formerly the official name).

Mysia /ˈmɪsɪə/ /ˈmɪʒə/ pn
Misia
a region in the northwest of ancient Asia Minor

Mysian /ˈmɪsɪən/ adj
Misiach
Of or relating to Mysia, its people, their language, or their culture.

Mysian /ˈmɪsɪən/ Mysians n
Misiach Misiaigh
A native or inhabitant of ancient Mysia.

Möbius strip /ˈmoʊ.bi.əs stɹɪp/ /ˈməʊ.bi.əs stɹɪp/ /ˈmɜː.bi.əs stɹɪp/ Möbius strips n
stiall Möbius
(topology) A one-sided surface formed by identifying two opposite edges of a square in opposite senses;a narrow strip given a half twist and joined at the ends, forming a three-dimensional embedding of said surface.

NAND gate NAND gates n
geata NAND geata NOT AND
(electronics) A logic gate performing a Boolean logic NAND operation.

NATO /ˈneɪ.toʊ/ /ˈneɪ.təʊ/ pn
ECAT
Acronym of North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

NOR gate NOR gates n
ciorcad NOR geata NOR
(electronics) a logic gate performing a Boolean logic NOR operation

NOT gate NOT gates n
ciorcad NOT geata NOT
(electronics) a logic gate performing a Boolean-logic NOT operation

Naas /neɪs/ pn
An Nás Nás na Ríogh
A town in County Kildare, in eastern Ireland.

Nagorno-Karabakh /nəˌɡɔːnəʊ kɑːɹəˈbɑːk/ pn
an Nagarna-Carabaic
A landlocked region in South Caucasus.

Nagorno-Karabakh Republic /nəˌɡɔːnəʊ kɑːɹəˈbɑːk ɹɪˌpʌblɪk/ pn
Poblacht na Nagarna-Carabaice
(historical) An erstwhile Armenian-populated republic with limited recognition in the Nagorno-Karabakh region of the South Caucasus that existed between 1991 and 2024.

Nahuatl /nɑːˈwɑːt(ə)l/ /nəˈwɑːt(ə)l/ /ˈnɑːwɑːt(ə)l/ pn
Nachuáitlis
The polysynthetic Aztecan language spoken by an indigenous people of Mexico.

Nahum pn
Nahúm Leabhar Nahúm
A book of the Tanakh / the Old Testament of the Bible.

Nakhichevan /ˌnɑːxɪt͡ʃɪˈvɑːn/ pn
Nacaiseaváin
An autonomous republic and exclave of Azerbaijan.
The capital city of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

Namibia /nəˈmɪbi.ə/ pn
Namaib An Namaib
A country in Southern Africa. Official name: Republic of Namibia. Capital: Windhoek.

Namibian more Namibian most Namibian adj
Namabach
Of, from, or pertaining to Namibia, the Namibian people or the Namibian language.

Namibian Namibians n
Namabach
A person from Namibia or of Namibian descent.

Napier's bones n
slata Napier
(arithmetic) A set of numbered rods used for multiplication and division (see the Wikipedia article for a fuller explanation).

Nativity pn
Giniúint Chríost
(Christianity) The birth of Jesus as described in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke.

Nauru /naʊˈru/ /nɑːˈuː.ɹuː/ /nəˈru/ /ˈnaʊ.ɹu/ /ˈn̪ʌ̯u.ru/ pn
Nárú
Nauruan, the language of Nauru.

Navajo /ˈnæ.voʊ/ /ˈnæ.və.hoʊ/ /ˈnæ.və.həʊ/ /ˈnɑ.və.hoʊ/ Navajo Navajoes Navajos n
Navachóch
A member of the Navajo people, currently the largest Native American tribe in North America.

Navajo /ˈnæ.voʊ/ /ˈnæ.və.hoʊ/ /ˈnæ.və.həʊ/ /ˈnɑ.və.hoʊ/ pn
Navachóis
An Apachean (Southern Athabaskan) language of the Athabascan language family belonging to the Na-Dené phylum. It is spoken by 149,000 people in the American Southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado).
An Amerindian people who traditionally speak the Navajo language

Navan /ˈnævən/ pn
An Uaimh
A town in and the county town of County Meath, Ireland.

Navan Fort pn
Eamhain Mhacha
An ancient monument in County Armagh, Northern Ireland.

Navarre /nəˈvɑɹ/ /nəˈvɑː(ɹ)/ pn
Navarra
An autonomous community and province in northern Spain.

Navassa Island pn
Oileán Navassa
An island in the United States, in the Caribbean Sea

Nazarene adj
Nasarthach
Of or pertaining to Nazareth or its people.

Nazarene Nazarenes n
Nasarthach
A person from Nazareth.

Nazareth /ˈnæzəɹəθ/ pn
Nasaireit Nazarat
A city in northern Israel.

Nazi /ˈnætsi/ /ˈnæzi/ /ˈnɑːtsi/ Nazis n
Naitsí
(historical) A member of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP). [1930]

Nazism /ˈnɑːts(i.)ɪzəm/ n
Naitsíochas
The ideology of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP), being a form of fascism characterised by Adolf Hitler's cult of personality, hate propaganda, white supremacy, extreme bigotry (especially antisemitism and racism), eugenics, mass violence, genocide, ethnonationalist territorial expansion (Lebensraum) and state capitalism.

Neapolitan /ˌniːəˈpɑlətən/ /ˌniːəˈpɑlɪtən/ /ˌniːəˈpɒlɪtən/ adj
Napóileach
Pertaining to Naples, a city in southern Italy.

Neapolitan /ˌniːəˈpɑlətən/ /ˌniːəˈpɑlɪtən/ /ˌniːəˈpɒlɪtən/ Neapolitans n
Napóileach
An inhabitant or resident of Naples.

Neapolitan /ˌniːəˈpɑlətən/ /ˌniːəˈpɑlɪtən/ /ˌniːəˈpɒlɪtən/ pn
Iodáilis Napóileach
A language spoken in South Italy, approximately in the area of the former Kingdom of Naples.

Near East pn
Neasoirthear
The region located south of Eastern Europe, comprising Anatolia, Transcaucasia, the Levant, and Mesopotamia.

Negev /ˈnɛɡɛv/ pn
Neigib
A desert region in southern Israel

Nehemiah /ˌniː(h)əˈmaɪə/ pn
Nihimiá Leabhar Nihimiá
The sixteenth book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and a book of the Tanakh.
Nihimiá
A en given name of biblical origin.

Nenets pn
Neneitsis
The Samoyedic languages spoken by these people.

Neolithic /ˌni.oʊˈlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˌni.əʊˈlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˌni.əˈlɪθ.ɪk/ adj
Neoiliteach
Of or relating to the New Stone Age.

Neolithic /ˌni.oʊˈlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˌni.əʊˈlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˌni.əˈlɪθ.ɪk/ pn
Nua-Chlochaois Tréimhse Neoiliteach
The New Stone Age, from circa 8500 to 4500 BCE.

Neoplatonism pn
Nua-Phlatónachas
A school of philosophy based on the teachings of Plato and, subsequently, Plotinus; it was the foundation for paganism.

Nepal /nəˈpɑl/ /nəˈpɔːl/ /nɪˈpɔːl/ pn
Neipeal
A country in South Asia, located between China and India. Official name: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. Capital and largest city: Kathmandu.

Nepali /nəˈpɑːli/ /nəˈpɔːli/ adj
Neipealach
of, from, or pertaining to Nepal, the Nepali people or the Nepali language

Nepali /nəˈpɑːli/ /nəˈpɔːli/ Nepalis n
Neipealach
a person from Nepal or of Nepali descent

Nepali /nəˈpɑːli/ /nəˈpɔːli/ pn
Neipeailis
an Indo-Aryan language used primarily by the people of Nepal

Neptune /ˈneptʃʉːn/ /ˈnɛptjuːn/ /ˈnɛptuːn/ /ˈnɛptʃuːn/ pn
Neiptiún
(astronomy) The eighth planet in our solar system, represented in astronomy and astrology by ♆.
(Roman mythology) The god of the ocean and of earthquakes, equivalent to Poseidon in Greek mythology.

Neptunian /-ˈtʃuː-/ /nɛpˈt(j)u.ni.ən/ /nɛpˈtjuː.nɪ.ən/ Neptunians n
Neiptiúnach
(astrology) A person under the astrological influence of the planet Neptune.
(chiefly, science fiction) An (imaginary) inhabitant of the planet Neptune.

Nereid pn
Néiréid
(astronomy) One of the satellites of the planet Neptune

Nero /ˈniːroʊ/ pn
Nearó
Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.

Netherlands /ˈnɛðələndz/ /ˈnɛðɚləndz/ the Netherlands pn
Ísiltír Ollainn
A country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten.

Netherlands Antilles pn
Aintillí na hÍsiltíre
(historical) A former autonomous country in the Caribbean, within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, composed of the islands of Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba and Sint Maarten, dissolved in 2010.

New Britain pn
Nua-Bhreatain
An island in Papua New Guinea.

New Brunswick /nju ˈbɹʌnz.wɪk/ /njuː ˈbɹʌnz.wɪk/ pn
Nua Brunswick
A province in eastern Canada. Capital: Fredericton.

New Caledonia /ˈnjuː ˌkæl.əˈdəʊ.ni.ə/ /ˈnjuː ˌkæl.ɪˈdəʊ.ni.ə/ /ˈnu ˌkæl.əˈdoʊ.ni.ə/ /ˈnu ˌkæl.ɪˈdoʊ.ni.ə/ pn
Nua-Chaladóin
An archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania. Official name: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies.

New Delhi /n(j)uː ˈdɛli/ pn
Deilí Nua
The capital city of India, located in the national capital territory of Delhi.

New England pn
Sasana Nua
Collectively, six states of the United States, namely Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.

New Guinea /n(j)uː ˈɡɪn.i/ /ˌnjuː ˈɡɪ.ni/ [njuː ˈɡɪn.i] [nu ˈɡɪn.i] pn
an Nua-Ghuine
A large Oceanian island in the Pacific Ocean, north of Australia, whose territory is divided between Indonesia in the west and Papua New Guinea in the east.

New High German pn
Nua-Ard-Ghearmáinis
The modern form of the German language, successor to Middle High German.

New Iberia pn
New Iberia
A city, the parish seat of Iberia Parish, Louisiana, United States.

New Jersey /njuː ˈdʒɜːzi/ /nuːˈdʒɝzi/ pn
New Jersey Nua-Gheirsí
A northeast state of the United States of America. Capital: Trenton.

New Mexico /nju ˈmɛk.sɪ.koʊ/ /njuː mɛk.sɪ.kəʊ/ /nu ˈmɛk.sɪ.koʊ/ pn
Nua-Mheicsiceo
A state in the southwestern United States. Capital: Santa Fe. Largest city: Albuquerque.

New Norwegian pn
Nua-Ioruais
Nynorsk; Norwegian as spoken after 1500, and the written language that is based on this

New Orleans /n(j)uː ˈɔɹliːnz/ /nuː ˈɔɹlənz/ /ˈn(j)uː ɔɹˈliːnz/ /ˈnɔɹlənz/ /ˈnɔːlənz/ /ˌnuː ˈɔɹ.li.ənz/ /ˌnuː ˈɔɹ.lɛ.ənz/ pn
New Orleans Nua Orléans
The largest city in Louisiana, United States and the parish seat of Orleans Parish, which is coterminous with the city. It is an industrial and distribution center and major seaport located along the Mississippi near the Gulf of Mexico, known for its rich cultural heritage, especially its music and cuisine.

New Testament pn
Tiomna Nua
The second half of the Christian Bible, which includes the four Gospels, the Book of Acts, the Epistles, and the Book of Revelation.

New World /n(j)u wɝld/ /njuː wɜːld/ pn
Oileán Úr
The Americas and Oceania.

New Year New Years n
bliain nua
In particular, January 1 in the Julian and Gregorian calendar (New Year’s Day) and the days following.

New Year's Day New Year's Days n
Lá Caille
A holiday celebrating the first day of the New Year, celebrated on January 1 in cultures following the Gregorian calendar.

New Year's Eve New Year's Eves pn
Oíche Chaille
The holiday occurring on the last day of the year, celebrated on December 31st in cultures following the Gregorian calendar

New York /njuː ˈjɔːk/ /nu ˈjɔək/ /nu ˈjɔɹk/ [nɪ ˈjɔək] [ɲɔək] pn
Nua-Eabhrac Stát Nua-Eabhrac
The largest city in the state of New York and the largest city in the United States, a metropolis extending into neighboring New Jersey.

New York City pn
Nua-Eabhrac
The largest city in the United States, situated in the state of New York at the mouth of the Hudson River on the northeastern Atlantic Coast. It consists of five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island.

New Zealand /- ˈziː-/ /nju ˈziː.lənd/ /njʉː ˈzɪələnd/ /nu ˈzi.lənd/ /ˌnjuː -/ /ˌnu -/ [-ˈzeə-] [njʉ ˈzɪəɫənd] pn
Nua-Shéalainn Nua-Shéalainneach
A country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia. Official name: New Zealand. Capital: Wellington.
Nua-Shéalainneach
The Realm of New Zealand, including the Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau and the Ross Dependency.

New Zealand dollar New Zealand dollars n
dollar na Nua-Shéalainne
The official currency of New Zealand.

Newbridge pn
Droichead Nua
A town in County Kildare, Ireland (Irish grid ref N 8015).
Gort an Iomaire
A village in County Galway, Ireland.

Newcastle /ˈn(j)uˌkæsl̩/ /ˈnjuːˌkɑːsl̩/ [ˈn(j)uˌkʰæsɫ̩] [ˈnjʉˌkʰɑːsɫ̩] [ˌnjʉˈkʰasɫ̩] pn
An Caisleán Nua
A city in McClain County, Oklahoma, United States; suburb of Oklahoma City.

Newfoundland /ˈn(j)u.fəndlənd/ /ˈn(j)u.fəndˌlænd/ /ˈnjuː.fənd.lænd/ /ˈnjuː.fənd.lənd/ /ˈnjuːˌfaʊnd.lənd/ /ˈnu.fənd.lənd/ /ˈnu.fəndˌlænd/ /ˈnuˌfaʊnd.lænd/ /ˈnuˌfaʊnd.lənd/ /ˌn(j)u.fəndˈlænd/ /ˌnjuːˈfaʊnd.lænd/ Newfoundlands n
madra Thalamh an Éisc
A very large breed of working dog from Newfoundland, with a shaggy, usually black coat, known for its water rescue ability, strength, and gentle disposition.

Newfoundland /ˈn(j)u.fəndlənd/ /ˈn(j)u.fəndˌlænd/ /ˈnjuː.fənd.lænd/ /ˈnjuː.fənd.lənd/ /ˈnjuːˌfaʊnd.lənd/ /ˈnu.fənd.lənd/ /ˈnu.fəndˌlænd/ /ˈnuˌfaʊnd.lænd/ /ˈnuˌfaʊnd.lənd/ /ˌn(j)u.fəndˈlænd/ /ˌnjuːˈfaʊnd.lænd/ pn
Talamh an Éisc
A large island off the coast of eastern Canada, which, along with Labrador, has composed the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador since 1949, and the Dominion of Newfoundland, before it.

Newfoundland and Labrador pn
Talamh an Éisc agus Labradar
A province in eastern Canada. Capital: St. John's.

Newgrange pn
Brú na Bóinne Sí an Bhrú
A monument in County Meath, Ireland. A prehistoric neolithic monument, a circular ceremonial burial mound structure with astronomical alignments

Newport /ˈnjuːpɔː(ɹ)t/ /ˈnupɔɹt/ Newports pn
Baile Uí Fhiacháin
A town in County Mayo (Irish grid ref L 9894).
Tulach Sheasta
A town in County Tipperary.

Newry /ˈnjʊəɹi/ pn
Iúr Iúr Cinn Trá
A city in County Armagh and County Down, Northern Ireland.

Newtown pn
Baile Nua
A locale in Ireland.

Newtownabbey pn
Baile na Mainistreach
A suburban town north of Belfast, County Antrim, Northern Ireland.

Newtownards /ˌnjuːtn̩ˈɑː(ɹ)dz/ pn
Baile Nua na hArda
A town at the head of Strangford Lough, County Down, Northern Ireland.

Niagara Falls pn
Eas Niagara
A waterfall in the Niagara river, Niagara region, on the international border between Canada and United States, in both Ontario and New York state; Massive waterfalls located on the Niagara River.

Nicaraguan adj
Nicearaguach
Of, from, or pertaining to Nicaragua or the people of Nicaragua.

Nicaraguan Nicaraguans n
Nicearaguach
A person from Nicaragua or of Nicaraguan descent.

Nicene Creed pn
Cré Nís Cré Níséin
The first official creed of the early Christian church, stating the basic tenets of the Christian faith, including the nature of the Holy Trinity.

Nicholas /ˈnɪk.ləs/ /ˈnɪk.ə.ləs/ Nicholases pn
Nioclás
A en given name. Best known for St. Nicholas of Myre, on whom Father Christmas is based.

Nicosia /ˌnɪkoʊˈsiə/ /ˌnɪkəˈsiːə/ pn
Leafcóis Niocóis
The capital city of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus.

Nietzsche /ˈni.t͡ʃə/ /ˈniː.t͡ʃə/ pn
Nítse
A surname from German, most famously borne by Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), German philosopher.

Niger /niːˈʒɛə(ɹ)/ /niːˈʒɛɚ/ /ˈnaɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈnaɪ.d͡ʒɚ/ pn
Nígir Poblacht na Nígire
A country in West Africa, situated to the north of Nigeria. Official name: Republic of the Niger.

Nigeria /naɪˈd͡ʒiːɹiə/ /naɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹiə/ /naɪˈd͡ʒɪɹiə/ pn
Nigéir An Nigéir
A country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger. Official name: Federal Republic of Nigeria. Capital: Abuja. Largest city: Lagos.

Nigerian /naɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹɪən/ /naɪˈd͡ʒɪɹiən/ adj
Nigéarach
Of, from, or pertaining to Nigeria, the Nigerian people or culture.

Nigerian /naɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹɪən/ /naɪˈd͡ʒɪɹiən/ Nigerians n
Nigéarach
A person from Nigeria or of Nigerian descent.

Nigerien /naɪˌdʒɪɹiˈɛn/ /niːˈʒɛəɹɪən/ adj
Nígireach
Of, from, or pertaining to Niger or the Nigerien people.

Nigerien /naɪˌdʒɪɹiˈɛn/ /niːˈʒɛəɹɪən/ Nigeriens n
Nígireach
A person from Niger or of Nigerien descent.

Nile /naɪl/ pn
Níl
A large river in Africa flowing through Khartoum and Cairo into the Mediterranean Sea, usually considered to be the longest river in the world.

Nineveh /ˈnɪnəvə/ /ˈnɪnɪvə/ pn
Ninivé

Nisan /niːˈsɑːn/ /ˈnɪsən/ pn
Níosán
(Judaism) The seventh month of the civil year and the first month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Adar and before Iyar.

Noah /ˈnoʊə/ /ˈnəʊə/ Noahs pn
Naoi
The 71st sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.

Noah's ark pn
Áirc Naoi
The vessel built by Noah under God's instructions, as described in Genesis and the Quran.

Noel /nəʊˈɛl/ pn
Nollaig
(literary, or, old-fashioned) Christmas.

Noel /ˈnəʊ(ə)l/ pn
Nollaig
A en given name.
A en given name.

Nordic /ˈnɔɹ.dɪk/ /ˈnɔː.dɪk/ more Nordic most Nordic adj
Nordach
Of or relating to the Nordic countries.
Of or relating to the light colouring and tall stature of Nordic peoples.

Nordic /ˈnɔɹ.dɪk/ /ˈnɔː.dɪk/ Nordics n
Nordach
A person of Nordic descent or having features typical of Nordic people.

Norfolk Island pine Norfolk Island pines n
péine Oileán Norfolk
Araucaria heterophylla (synonym Araucaria excelsa), a conifer endemic to Norfolk Island, but grown as an ornamental tree in mild climates and as a container plant indoors worldwide.

Norma pn
Riail
(constellation) An inconspicuous constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a carpenter's square. It lies south of the constellations Scorpius and Centaurus.

Norman Conquest pn
Concas na Normannach
(historical) The invasion of England by the Normans in 1066 and their subsequent settlement.

Normandy /ˈnɔː(ɹ)məndi/ pn
Normainn
An administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel. The modern region was created in 2016 with the merger of Upper Normandy and Lower Normandy.

Norn pn
Nórnais
An extinct North Germanic language once spoken on the Shetland and Orkney Islands.

Norse /noɹs/ /nɔːs/ /nɔːɹs/ [no̞ɹs] pn
Lochlannais
Synonym of Old Norse

North America /ˌnɔː(ɹ)θ əˈmɛɹɪkə/ pn
Meiriceá Thuaidh
The continent that is the northern part of the Americas; that part east of the Pacific Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, north of South America and south of the Arctic Ocean.

North Frisian pn
Freaslainnis an Tuaiscirt
A Frisian language, or group of languages, spoken in coastal Germany and some parts of Denmark.

North Korea /noɹθ ˌkəˈɹi.ə/ /nɔːθ ˌkəˈɹiː.ə/ pn
Cóiré Thuaidh
A country in East Asia, whose territory consists of the northern part of Korea. Official name: Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Capital: Pyongyang.

North Macedonia /noɹθ ˌmæs.əˈdoʊ.ni.ə/ /noɹθ ˌmæs.əˈdoʊn.jə/ /nɔːθ ˌmæs.əˈdəʊ.nɪ.ə/ pn
Macadóin Thuaidh
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of North Macedonia. Capital and largest city: Skopje. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992. The current name was adopted in 2019 to resolve a naming dispute with Greece.

North Ossetia-Alania pn
an Oiséit Thuaidh
Formal name of North Ossetia, a federal subject of Russia.

North Pole pn
Mol Thuaidh Pol Thuaidh
(geography) The Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole; the point which north is oriented towards, and therefore the northernmost point on Earth (having a latitude of 90°).

North Rhine-Westphalia pn
Tuaisceart na Réine agus an Viostfáil
The most populous of the 16 component states of Germany, located in the west of the country.

North Sea pn
Muir Thuaidh an Mhuir Thuaidh
A marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Britain (in the west), Scandinavia (in the east) and Germany, Netherlands, Belgium and France (in the south).

Northern Cyprus pn
an Chipir Thuaidh
A de facto state comprising the northeastern part of the island of Cyprus. Capital: North Nicosia.

Northern Hemisphere Northern Hemispheres n
leathsféar thuaidh
The hemisphere of the Earth (or any celestial body) to the north of its equator.

Northern Ireland /ˈnɔː(ɹ)ðə(ɹ)n ˈaiə(ɹ)lənd/ pn
Tuaisceart Éireann
A country in the United Kingdom, situated in the northeastern part of the island of Ireland.

Northern Irish n
Gaeilge Thuaidh
Anyone born on Northern Ireland.

Northern Mariana Islands /ˈnɔɹ.ðɚn ˌmɛɹ.iˈæn.ə ˈaɪ.ləndz/ /ˈnɔː.ðən ˌmæɹ.iˈæn.ə ˈaɪ.ləndz/ pn
Máirianas Thuaidh na hOileáin Mháirianacha Thuaidh
An archipelago, commonwealth and dependent territory (technically, an unincorporated territory) of the United States in the Pacific Ocean. Official name: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

Northern Territory /ˈnɔːðən ˈtɛɹɪt(ə)ɹi/ pn
Críoch an Tuaiscirt
A territory covering northern and north-central Australia, whose capital is Darwin.

Northwest Territories pn
Críocha an Iarthuaiscirt
A territory in northern Canada. Capital: Yellowknife.

Norway /ˈnɔɹ.weɪ/ /ˈnɔː.weɪ/ pn
Iorua Ríocht na hIorua
A country in Scandinavia, in northern Europe. Official name: Kingdom of Norway.

Norway spruce Norway spruces n
sprús Lochlannach
A species of spruce native to Europe and naturalized in temperate northeastern North America, Picea abies.

Norwegian /nɔɹ.ˈwi.d͡ʒən/ /nɔː.ˈwiː.d͡ʒən/ more Norwegian most Norwegian adj
Ioruach
Of or pertaining to Norway (the country)
Of or pertaining to the Norwegian people
Of or pertaining to the Norwegian language

Norwegian /nɔɹ.ˈwi.d͡ʒən/ /nɔː.ˈwiː.d͡ʒən/ Norwegians n
Ioruach
A native of Norway.
Ioruais
(uncountable) The language of Norway, which has two official forms (written standards): Bokmål and Nynorsk.

Norwegian Sea pn
Muir Ioruach
The northernmost part of the Atlantic Ocean, located northwest of Norway.

Nouakchott /nuːɑːkˈʃɒt/ /nwɑːkˈʃɒt/ pn
Nuacsat
The capital city of Mauritania.

Nova Scotia /ˌnoʊ.və ˈskoʊ.ʃə/ /ˌnəʊ.və ˈskəʊ.ʃə/ pn
Albain Nua
A province in eastern Canada. Capital: Halifax.

November /noʊˈvɛmbɚ/ /nəʊˈvɛmbə/ /nəˈvɛmbə/ Novembers pn
Samhain Mí na Samhna
The eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following October and preceding December. Abbreviation: Nov or Nov.

Numbers pn
Uimhreacha Leabhar na nUimhreacha
The Book of Numbers, the fourth of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the fourth book in the Torah.

Nur-Sultan /ˈnʊəsəltɑːn/ /ˈnʊɹsəlˌtɑːn/ /ˌnʊəsəlˈtɑːn/ pn
Nur-Sultan
Former name of Astana (“the capital city of Kazakhstan”), used from 2019 to 2022.

Nynorsk /ˈninɔɹsk/ /ˈniːnɔːsk/ /ˈnjuːnɔːsk/ /ˈnunɔɹsk/ pn
Nua-Ioruais
One of the two major written standards (language variants) of Norwegian.

O /oʊ/ /əʊ/ particle
a
The vocative particle, used for direct address.

O'Connor pn
Ní Conchúir Ó Conchúir
A surname from Irish.

O'Malley /oʊˈmæli/ [oʊ̯ˈmæli] [ɵˈmæli] pn
Ó Máille
A surname from Irish.

OK /əˈkeɪ/ /ˌoʊˈkeɪ/ /ˌəʊˈkeɪ/ more OK most OK adj
ceart go leor
All right, acceptable, permitted.

OK /əˈkeɪ/ /ˌoʊˈkeɪ/ /ˌəʊˈkeɪ/ interjection
ceart go leor
Used to indicate acknowledgement or acceptance.

OR gate OR gates n
geata OR
(electronics) a logic gate performing a Boolean logic OR operation

Oath of Abjuration pn
mionn séanta

Obadiah /ˌoʊbəˈdaɪə/ pn
Óbaidiá Leabhar Óbaidiá
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and of the Tanakh.

Occitan /ˈɑksəˌtæn/ /ˈɑksɪˌtæn/ /ˈɒksəˌtæn/ /ˈɒksɪˌtæn/ pn
Ocsatánais
A Romance language spoken in Occitania, a region of Europe that includes Southern France, Auvergne, Limousin, and some parts of Catalonia and Italy.

Occitania pn
Ocsatáin
A region of Europe corresponding to Southern France, Auvergne, Limousin, and some parts of Catalonia and Italy, where the Occitan language was widely spoken and is still spoken.

Oceania /-njə/ /ˌoʊ.ʃiˈæn.i.ə/ /ˌoʊʃiˈænə/ /ˌɐʉ.ʃiːˈaː.ni.ə/ /ˌəʉ.ʃiˈaː.ni.ə/ /ˌəʊ.ʃiˈɑː.nɪə/ pn
Aigéine
A geographical region or continent composed of many islands (Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia) plus Australasia. It is located between Asia, Antarctica and the Americas.

Octans pn
Ochtamhán
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an octant. It lies closest to the southern celestial pole of any constellation.

October /ɑkˈtoʊbɚ/ /ɒkˈtəʊbə/ [ɑkˈtʰoʊbɚ] Octobers pn
Deireadh Fómhair
The tenth month of the Gregorian calendar, following September and preceding November. Abbreviation: Oct.

Odin /oʊdɪn/ /əʊdɪn/ pn
Óidin
(Norse mythology, and, paganism) A major Germanic god, often described as chief of the pantheon, in his Norse form a member of the Æsir, married to Frigg and associated with knowledge, poetry and war. Wednesday refers to him by way of interpretatio germanica.

Oedipus /ˈiːdɪpəs/ /ˈɛdɪpəs/ pn
Éideapús
(Greek mythology) A son of Laius and Jocasta, who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother.

Oedipus complex /ˈidəpəs ˈkɒmplɛks/ /ˈɛdəpəs ˈkɒmplɛks/ Oedipus complexes n
coimpléacs Éideapúis
(psychoanalysis) In Freudian theory, the complex of emotions aroused in a child by an unconscious sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex.

Offaly pn
Contae Uíbh Fhailí
A county of Ireland.

Oghamist Oghamists n
oghmóir
Someone who specialises in the academic study of Ogham inscriptions.

Olaf /ˈoʊl.æf/ /ˈoʊl.ɑːf/ /ˈoʊl.əf/ /ˈəʊl.æf/ /ˈəʊl.ɑːf/ /ˈəʊl.əf/ pn
Amhlaoibh
A en given name.

Old English pn
Sean-Bhéarla Angla-Shacsainis
(linguistics, history) The ancestor language of Modern English, also called Anglo-Saxon, spoken in most of Britain from about 400 to 1100.

Old High German pn
Sean-Ard-Ghearmáinis
The early recorded form of the High German language, spoken from the 8th century to the 11th century.

Old Irish pn
Sean-Ghaeilge
The Irish language as attested from the sixth to the tenth centuries C.E., the oldest form of the Goidelic languages for which extensive texts (written in the Latin alphabet) are extant.

Old Norse pn
Sean-Lochlannais
The language of Scandinavia until the 14th century, the common ancestor of modern Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Faroese, and Icelandic.

Old Testament pn
Sean-Tiomna
(religion, chiefly, Christianity) The first major part of the Christian Bible, covering events before the coming of Christ, corresponding roughly to the Jewish Tanakh. Usually subdivided into the categories of law, history, poetry (or wisdom books), and prophecy.

Oliver /ˈɑlɪvɚ/ /ˈɒlɪvə/ Olivers pn
Oilibhéar
A en given name.

Olympiad /-əd/ /oʊˈlɪmpiˌæd/ /əˈlɪmpiæd/ Olympiads n
Oilimpiad
(by, _, extension, usually, _, preceded, _) A competition aspiring to the importance of the Olympic Games or considered similar to them, especially one occurring at 4-year intervals, representing a national or international range of amateur student rather than professional adult competition, and/or requiring the highest level of ability in the field for success.

Olympian /əˈlɪm.pi.ən/ /əˈlɪm.pɪ.ən/ adj
Oilimpeach
(not comparable) Of or relating to Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece; or (Greek mythology) the Greek gods and goddesses who were believed to live there.
(historical) Of or relating to the ancient Olympic Games held at Olympia; Olympic.
Of or relating to the modern Olympic Games; Olympic.

Olympian /əˈlɪm.pi.ən/ /əˈlɪm.pɪ.ən/ Olympians n
Oilimpeach
(Greek mythology) Any of the 12 principal gods and goddesses of the Greek pantheon (Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Ares, Hermes, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Demeter, and Hades); (specifically) preceded by the: Zeus, the supreme ruler of the Greek deities.
An inhabitant of the city of Olympia, the capital of Washington, United States.
(historical) A sportsperson competing in the ancient Olympic Games.
A sportsperson competing in the modern Olympic Games.

Olympic /oʊ-/ /əˈlɪmpɪk/ adj
Oilimpeach
(rare) Of or pertaining to Olympus, a mountain of Thessaly, fabled as the seat of the gods.
(rare) Of or pertaining to the ancient city of Olympia.

Olympic Games pn
Cluichí Oilimpeacha
An international multi-sport event (inspired by the ancient festival) taking place every fourth year. [from 19th c.]

Olympus /əˈlɪmpəs/ pn
Oilimpeas
The highest mountain in Greece; in Ancient Greek mythology the home of the gods.

Omagh /ˈoʊmɑː/ /ˈoʊmə/ pn
Ómaigh
A town in and the county town of County Tyrone, Northern Ireland (Irish grid ref H 4572).

Oman /oʊˈmæn/ /oʊˈmɑn/ /əʊˈmɑːn/ /əˈmɑːn/ pn
Óman
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Sultanate of Oman. Capital: Muscat.

Omani adj
Ómanach
Of, from, or pertaining to Oman or the Omani people.

Omani Omanis n
Ómanach
A person from Oman or of Omani descent.

Onega pn
Loch Onega
a freshwater lake in the north-west European part of Russia, located on the territory of Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast and Vologda Oblast

Ontarian Ontarians n
Ontáiriach
A native or inhabitant of Ontario, Canada

Ontario /ɑnˈtɛəɹ.i.oʊ/ /ɒnˈtæɹ.i.o/ /ɒnˈtɛə.ɹi.o/ /ɒnˈtɛə.ɹi.əʊ/ pn
Ontáirio
A province in eastern Canada. Capital: Toronto.

Ophiuchus /ˌoʊ.fiˈjuː.kəs/ /ˌɑf.iˈjuː.kəs/ pn
Fear na bPéisteanna
(zodiac constellations) A zodiacal constellation of the northern summer said to depict a man (Asclepius) holding a serpent; the serpent is the constellation Serpens.

Ops pn
Ops
(Roman god) The goddess of earth and fertility. Equivalent to the Greek Rhea, Ops was the sister-wife of Saturn and mother of Jupiter. After Saturn learned of a prophecy that his children by Ops would overthrow him, he ate each of them just after they were born; however, Ops saved Jupiter by feeding Saturn a stone instead.

Orangeman Orangemen n
Oráisteach
A member of the Orange Order, a Protestant society in the United Kingdom (especially Northern Ireland).
Any Protestant unionist Irishman.

Ordnance Survey pn
Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis
(British) Originally the branch of government that produced maps for the military, now a civilian organisation that produces maps worldwide.

Oriental Republic of Uruguay pn
Poblacht Oirthearach Uragua
The official name of Uruguay.

Orinoco /ˌoɹ.ɪˈnoʊ.koʊ/ /ˌoʊ.ɹɪˈnoʊ.koʊ/ /ˌɒɹɪˈnəʊkəʊ/ pn
Oranócó
The Orinoco river basin of Venezuela.

Orion /oʊˈɹaɪ.ən/ /ɒˈɹaɪ.ən/ /əʊˈɹaɪ.ən/ /əˈɹaɪ.ən/ Orions pn
Bodach Oiríon
(constellation) A constellation on the celestial equator close to Gemini and Taurus, containing the stars Betelgeuse and Rigel.
Oiríon
A ghost town in Kings County, California, United States.
A locality in the Central Highlands Region, Queensland, Australia.
A town in Richland County, Wisconsin, United States.
A village in Henry County, Illinois, United States.

Orion Nebula pn
Réaltnéal Oiríon buaile an Bhodaigh
(astronomy) A diffuse nebula visible in the night sky below Orion's Belt; it is approximately 40 light years across. It is one of the brightest nebulae visible to the naked eye and is the closest region of stellar formation to Earth.

Orion's Belt pn
Banlámh Crios Oiríon Fearsaid Slat an Bhodaigh Slat an Cheannaí Slat an Rí
(constellation) A bright asterism located near the celestial equator; it consists of three bright stars lined up and visibly close together. It is part of the constellation Orion and includes the stars Alnitak (ζ Ori), Alnilam (ε Ori), and Mintaka (δ Ori).

Orla pn
Órfhlaith
A en given name

Orpheus /ˈɔɹfi.əs/ /ˈɔɹfjuːs/ pn
Oirféas
(Greek mythology) A Thracian musician and poet, who failed to retrieve his wife Eurydice from Hades.

Orphism pn
Oirféachas
(arts) A minor Cubist art movement focusing on pure abstraction and bright colours.

Orthodox Church Orthodox Churches n
Eaglais Cheartchreidmheach
The Eastern body of Christendom.

Orthodox Judaism pn
Giúdachas Ceartchreidmheach
The most traditional Rabbinic branch of Judaism, characterized by the belief in the continued relevance and binding nature of the Rabbinic interpretation of Jewish law.

Osaka /oʊˈsækə/ /oʊˈsɑːkə/ /əʊˈsækə/ /əʊˈsɑːkə/ pn
Ósaca
The capital city of Osaka Prefecture, Japan.
A prefecture on the island of Honshū, Japan.

Oscar /ˈɑs.kɚ/ /ˈɒs.kə/ pn
Oscar
A en given name.

Oslo /ˈɑsloʊ/ /ˈɑzloʊ/ /ˈɒzləʊ/ pn
Osló
A county and municipality, the capital city of Norway. Formerly called Christiania and Kristiania.

Ossetia /ɑˈsi.ʃə/ /ɑˈsɛt.i.ə/ /ɒˈsi(ː)ʃə/ /ɒˈsɛtɪə/ /əˈsɛt.i.ə/ /əˈsɛtɪə/ pn
an Oiséit
An ethnolinguistic region on the border of Europe and Asia, located on both sides of the Greater Caucasus Mountains, largely inhabited by the Ossetians. The northern part of the region forms North Ossetia-Alania federal subject of Russia. The southern part is South Ossetia.

Ossetian /ɑˈsi.ʃən/ /ɑˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɑˈsɛt.jən/ /ɒˈsi(ː).ʃən/ /ɒˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɒˈsɛt.jən/ adj
Oiséatach
Of, or pertaining to Ossetia or Ossetians.

Ossetian /ɑˈsi.ʃən/ /ɑˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɑˈsɛt.jən/ /ɒˈsi(ː).ʃən/ /ɒˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɒˈsɛt.jən/ Ossetians n
Oiséatach
A member of the Iranian people inhabiting Ossetia.

Ossetian /ɑˈsi.ʃən/ /ɑˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɑˈsɛt.jən/ /ɒˈsi(ː).ʃən/ /ɒˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɒˈsɛt.jən/ pn
Oiséitis
The Eastern Iranian language spoken by these people.

Ossian pn
Oisín
A en given name; rather rare in the Anglo-Saxon world.

Ottawa /ˈɑtəwə/ /ˈɑtəˌwɑ/ /ˈɒtəwɒ/ /ˈɒtəwə/ [ˈɑɾəwə] pn
Ottawa
A city in Ontario, Canada; capital city of Canada.

Ottoman /ˈɑtəmən/ /ˈɒtəmən/ adj
Otamánach
Of the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman /ˈɑtəmən/ /ˈɒtəmən/ Ottomans n
Otamánach
A citizen of the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman Empire /ˈɑtəmən ˈɛmpaɪɹ/ /ˈɒtəmən ˈɛmpaɪə/ pn
Impireacht Otamánach
(historical) A large Turkish empire which began as a Turkish sultanate centered in modern Turkey; founded in the late 13th century, it lasted until the end of World War I.

Our Father Our Fathers pn
Ár nAthair
(Christianity) God.
(Christianity) (Our Father) The Lord's Prayer, which begins with these words.

Our Lady pn
Ár mBantiarna
(Christianity) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, particularly in Catholic contexts.

Outer Hebrides /ˌaʊtə ˈhɛbɹɪdiːz/ pn
Inse Ghall Amuigh Oileáin Thiar
An archipelago of the Hebrides in Scotland, separated from the Inner Hebrides by the Little Minch.

Oxford /ˈɑksfɚd/ /ˈɒksfəd/ /ˈɔːksfəd/ pn
Áth na nDamh
A city, the county seat of Lafayette County, Mississippi; named for the city in England.

PIE /piː.aɪ.iː/ adj
PIE
(linguistics, anthropology, etc.) Initialism of Proto-Indo-European.

Pacific Ocean pn
Aigéan Ciúin Ciúin-Aigéan
An ocean, the world's largest body of water, to the east of Asia and Australasia and to the west of the Americas.

Pacific Rim pn
Imeall an Aigéin Chiúin
The lands around the rim of the Pacific Ocean.

Paddy /ˈpædi/ [ˈpʰæɾi] pn
Páidín
An Irish nickname for Patrick.

Pakistan /ˈpækəˌstaːn/ /ˈpækəˌstæn/ /ˈpækɪˌstæn/ /ˌpækɪˈstæn/ /ˌpækɪˈstɑːn/ /ˌpɑːkɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Pacastáin An Phacastáin
A country in South Asia. Official name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Capital: Islamabad.

Pakistani more Pakistani most Pakistani adj
Pacastánach
Of, from, or pertaining to Pakistan, or its people.

Pakistani Pakistanis n
Pacastánach
A person from Pakistan or of Pakistani descent.

Palace of Westminster pn
Pálás Westminster
An extensive building on the north bank of the River Thames in London, housing the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

Palau /pəˈlaʊ/ pn
Oileáin Palau
A country consisting of around 340 islands in Micronesia, in Oceania. Official name: Republic of Palau. Capital: Ngerulmud.

Paleocene /ˌpeɪ.liː.əʊˈsiːn/ adj
pailéicéineach
(geology) Of or pertaining to the Paleocene epoch.

Paleolithic /ˈpeɪl.ɪi.əʊˌlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˈpæl.ɪi.oʊˌlɪθ.ɪk/ adj
Pailéiliteach
Of or referring to the Old Stone Age (the Paleolithic period or Paleolithic age).

Paleolithic /ˈpeɪl.ɪi.əʊˌlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˈpæl.ɪi.oʊˌlɪθ.ɪk/ pn
Sean-Chlochaois pailéiliteach
A period that lasted from two and a half million years ago to 10,000 BCE; the Old Stone Age.

Paleozoic /ˈpeɪl.iəˌzəʊɪk/ more Paleozoic most Paleozoic adj
Pailéasóch

Palestine /ˈpæləˌstaɪn/ /ˈpæləˌstiːn/ pn
Palaistín An Phalaistín
(sometimes, narrowly) The West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Pallas pn
Pallas
An epithet for Athena, always used together with the name, as Pallas Athena, rather than alone.

Palm Sunday Palm Sundays n
Domhnach na Pailme
The sixth Sunday in Lent, the Sunday before Easter.

Pamphylia pn
Paimfilia
A historical region in the south coast of Asia Minor, between Lycia and Cilicia.

Pan-American more Pan-American most Pan-American adj
Pan-Mheiriceánach
Covering or representing all of the Americas (both North America and South America), particularly with respect to events involving representatives of most or all countries in the Americas.

Panama /ˈpæn.ə.mɑː/ pn
Panama
A country in Central America. Official name: Republic of Panama.

Panama hat Panama hats n
hata panama panama
A type of brimmed hat braided in Peru and Ecuador with the leaves of Carludovica palmata.

Pangaea /pænˈd͡ʒiː.ə/ pn
Pangaea
(geology) A supercontinent that included all the landmasses of the earth before the Triassic period and that broke up into Laurasia and Gondwana.

Papal States pn
Stáit an Phápa
(historical) A country in southern Europe that existed until 1870, comprising the territories of Italy over which the pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense.

Papua /ˈpaːpwə/ pn
Papua
The southern part of what is now called Papua New Guinea, formerly administered as a separate territory to New Guinea.

Papua New Guinea /ˈpaːpwə ˌnjuː ˈɡɪ.ni/ /ˈpæ.pjuː.ə ˌnjuː ˈɡɪ.ni/ /ˈpæp.u.ə ˌnu ˈɡɪn.i/ /ˈpæp.uː.ə ˌnjuː ˈɡɪn.i/ pn
Nua-Ghuine Phapua Stát Neamhspleách Nua-Ghuine Phapua
A country in Oceania. Official name: Independent State of Papua New Guinea. Capital and largest city: Port Moresby.

Papuan more Papuan most Papuan adj
Papuach
From, or pertaining to Papua or Papua New Guinea

Papuan Papuans n
Papuach
Someone from Papua or Papua New Guinea

Paradise /ˈpæɹ.ə.daɪs/ pn
parthas
(religion) Heaven.

Paraguay /ˈpæɹ.ə.ɡwaɪ/ /ˈpæɹ.ə.ɡweɪ/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.ɡwaɪ/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.ɡweɪ/ pn
Paragua
A country in South America. Official name: Republic of Paraguay. Capital and largest city: Asunción.

Paralympian /ˌpæ.ɹəˈlɪm.pi.ən/ /ˌpæ.ɹəˈlɪm.pɪ.ən/ /ˌpɛ-/ Paralympians n
parailimpiach
(sports) One who competes in the Paralympic Games. [from mid 20th c.]

Paris /ˈpæɹ.ɪs/ /ˈpɛɹ.ɪs/ pn
Páras
The capital and largest city of France.
A department of Île-de-France, France.
A city, the county seat of Monroe County, Missouri; named for the city in Kentucky.
(Greek mythology) A Trojan prince who eloped with Helen.

Parisian /pəˈɹi.ʒən/ /pəˈɹɪz.ɪ.ən/ /pəˈɹɪʒ.ən/ more Parisian most Parisian adj
Párasach
Of, relating, or pertaining to Paris, France

Parisian /pəˈɹi.ʒən/ /pəˈɹɪz.ɪ.ən/ /pəˈɹɪʒ.ən/ Parisians n
Párasach
A native, citizen and/or inhabitant of Paris, France

Parkinson's disease n
galar Parkinson
(neurology, disease) A chronic neurological disorder affecting movement, characterized by tremor, slowness of movement (bradykinesia), cogwheel or lead-pipe rigidity, and postural instability.

Parthia /ˈpɑɹθi.ə/ /ˈpɑːθi.ə/ pn
an Phairtia
(historical) A region in northeastern Iran.
A former country in Central and Western Asia; the empire ruled by dynasts from Parthia; the Parthian Empire; the Arsacid Empire.

Parthian /ˈpɑɹθiən/ /ˈpɑːθɪən/ adj
Pairtiach
Relating to Parthia or Parthians.

Parthian /ˈpɑɹθiən/ /ˈpɑːθɪən/ Parthians n
Pairtiach
A native or inhabitant of Parthia.
An extinct Western Iranian language that was spoken in Parthia.

Paschal Lamb /ˈpæs.kəl ˈlæm/ /ˈpɑːs.kəl ˈlæm/ Paschal Lambs n
Uan Cásca
(historical) The lamb eaten at Passover.

Passion /ˈpæʃən/ pn
Páis
(Christianity) The sufferings of Jesus Christ from the night of the Last Supper to the Crucifixion.

Passover Passovers pn
Cáisc Cáisc na nGiúdach
The one-day Biblical feast or festival (not a holy day) that begins at twilight at the beginning of the fourteenth day of the first month (Abib 14 / Nisan 14), during which the first-born sons of the Israelites were passed over while those of the Egyptians were killed; this feast day is then immediately followed by the seven-day Feast of Unleavened Bread (Nisan 15 to 21; the first and seventh days are holy days or annual or yearly Sabbaths).

Patagonia /ˌpæ.təˈɡoʊ.ni.ə/ /ˌpæ.təˈɡoʊn.jə/ /ˌpæ.təˈɡəʊ.nɪ.ə/ pn
Patagóin
A geographical region in southern South America, including the southern parts of Chile and Argentina

Patagonian /ˌpætəˈɡəʊni.ən/ more Patagonian most Patagonian adj
Patagónach
Of or pertaining to Patagonia or its people, language or culture.

Patagonian /ˌpætəˈɡəʊni.ən/ Patagonians n
Patagónach
Someone from Patagonia

Patrick /ˈpætɹɪk/ [ˈpʰæ.t̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷɪk̚] Patricks pn
Pádraig Pádraic Pádhraig Pádraigh Páraic
(countable) A en given name

Paul /pɑl/ /pɔl/ /pɔːl/ pn
Pól Naomh Pól
In the New Testament, Saul, Apostle to the Gentiles and author of fourteen epistles.
Póil Pól
A en given name of biblical origin.

Pavo pn
Péacóg
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a peacock. It lies between the constellations Telescopium and Octans.

Peel Peels pn
Purt na hInse
A town in the Isle of Man (OS grid ref SC2484).

Pegasus /ˈpɛɡ.ə.səs/ pn
Peigeasas
(Greek mythology) A winged horse fabled to have sprung from the blood of Medusa when she was slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof, Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from Mount Helicon. Bellerophon tamed and rode upon Pegasus when he defeated the Chimaera.
Peigeasas Capall Eitilte
(constellation) A constellation of the northern sky, near the vernal equinoctial point, representing the winged horse. Its three brightest stars, with the brightest star of Andromeda, form the asterism of the Great Square of Pegasus.

Peggy /ˈpɛɡi/ Peggies Peggys pn
Peige
A diminutive of the en given name Margaret, also used as a formal given name.

Pekingese Pekingese Pekingeses n
Peicinís
A small toy dog from China.

Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsɪlˈveɪni.ə/ /ˌpɛnsɪlˈveɪnjə/ pn
Peinnsiolváin
A state of the United States. Capital: Harrisburg; largest city: Philadelphia.

People's Democratic Republic of Algeria pn
Daon-Phoblacht Dhaonlathach na hAilgéire
The official name of Algeria.

People's Republic of Bangladesh pn
Daon-Phoblacht na Banglaidéise
The official name of Bangladesh.

People's Republic of China /ˈpiːpəlz ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv ˈt͡ʃaɪnə/ pn
Daon-Phoblacht na Síne
The official name of China, sometimes contrasted to the Republic of China (Taiwan).

Pericles /ˈpɛɹɪkliːz/ pn
Peiricléas
(historical) An Ancient Greek politician.

Persephone /pəˈsɛfəni/ /pɚˈsɛfəniː/ pn
Peirsifiné Peirséifiné
(Greek god) A minor deity, the queen of the Underworld/Hades, and goddess of the seasons and vegetation. Originally named Kore/Core, she is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter; and the wife of Hades. Her Roman counterpart is Proserpina.

Perseus /ˈpɜː.si.əs/ /ˈpɜː.sjuːs/ /ˈpɜː.ʃəs/ /ˈpɝ.si.əs/ pn
Peirséas
(Greek mythology) The mythological Greek warrior who slew the Gorgon Medusa by decapitating her. He married Andromeda after rescuing her from Ceto and founded Mycenae. He was the son of Zeus and Danae.
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the mythical hero. It includes the stars Algenib, Algol, and Mirfak.

Persia /ˈpɜː(ɹ).ʒə/ /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃə/ /ˈpɝʒə/ pn
an Pheirs
Persia proper (Persis), the land of the ancient Persians, corresponding to modern-day Fars province in southwestern Iran.

Persian /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/ /ˈpɜː.ʒən/ /ˈpɝʒən/ Persians n
Peirsis Fairsis
(uncountable) The Persian language, or a family of languages spoken primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

Persian Gulf /ˌpɜːʒən ˈɡʌlf/ /ˌpɝʒən ˈɡʌlf/ pn
Murascaill na Peirse
The Persian Gulf, a gulf between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.

Perth /pɜːθ/ /pɝθ/ pn
Peairt
A city in Perth and Kinross council area, Scotland, historically in Perthshire.

Peru /pəˈɹuː/ /ˈpɪəɹuː/ pn
Peiriú
A country in South America. Official name: Republic of Peru. Capital and largest city: Lima.

Peter /ˈpitɚ/ /ˈpiːtə/ [ˈpʰitɚ] [ˈpʰiɾɚ] Peters pn
Peadar
A en given name.
The leading Apostle in the New Testament.
(biblical) The epistles of Peter in the New Testament of the Bible, 1 Peter and 2 Peter attributed to St. Peter.

Pharisee /ˈfɛɹɪsi/ /ˈfɛɹɪsiː/ Pharisees n
Fairisíneach
(historical) A member of an ancient Jewish political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple Era (536 B.C.E.–70 C.E.). The movement was ultimately the basis for most contemporary forms of Judaism.

Pharos pn
Faras Oileán Fharas
A small island off Alexandria where the Lighthouse of Alexandria was located.
The Lighthouse of Alexandria, located on the island Pharos

Philemon /fɪˈliːmɒn/ /fɪˈliːmən/ /ˈfɪləmən/ /ˌfaɪˈliːmɒn/ /ˌfaɪˈliːmən/ Philemons pn
Filéamón Litir Naomh Pól chuig Filéamón
The eighteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to a fellow Christian called Philemon.
Filéamón
A surname transferred from the given name.

Philip /ˈfɪləp/ /ˈfɪlɪp/ Philips pn
Pilib
(uncountable) One of the twelve disciples of Jesus in the Bible; one of the seven deacons.
(countable, rare, _, compared to given name) A surname originating as a patronymic.

Philippians pn
Filipigh Litir Naomh Pól chuig na Filipigh
(biblical) The eleventh book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of St Paul to the Philippians.

Philippine Sea pn
Muir Filipíneach
A marginal sea in the Pacific Ocean to the north and east of the Philippines.

Philippines /ˈfi.li.pins/ /ˈfi.lip.pins/ /ˈfɪl.ə.pinz/ /ˈfɪl.ɪ.pinz/ pn
Oileáin Fhilipíneacha
A country in Southeast Asia. Official name: Republic of the Philippines. Capital: Manila.

Philistine /-lə-/ /-stin/ /fɪˈlɪstin/ /ˈfɪlɪstaɪn/ /ˈfɪlɪˌstaɪn/ more Philistine most Philistine adj
Filistíneach
(historical) Originating from ancient Philistia; of or pertaining to the ancient Philistines.

Philistine /-lə-/ /-stin/ /fɪˈlɪstin/ /ˈfɪlɪstaɪn/ /ˈfɪlɪˌstaɪn/ Philistim Philistines n
Filistíneach
(historical) A non-Semitic person from ancient Philistia, a region in the southwest Levant in the Middle East.

Phoebe /ˈfiːbi/ pn
Phoebe
(Greek god) A Titan, goddess of the moon, sister-wife of Coeus, and daughter of Uranus and Gaia.
(astronomy) The 14th moon of Saturn.

Phoenicia /fəˈniːʃɪə/ /fəˈnɪʃə/ /fəˈnɪʃɪə/ pn
an Fhéiníc
The land of city states of the Phoenicians which around 1000 BC was situated on the coast of present day Syria and Lebanon, and included the cities of Tyre and Sidon.

Phoenician /fəˈniːʃ(ə)n/ /fəˈniːʃən/ /fəˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ adj
Féiníceach
Of, from, or related to the country or civilisation of Phoenicia.

Phoenician /fəˈniːʃ(ə)n/ /fəˈniːʃən/ /fəˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ Phoenicians n
Féiníceach
An inhabitant of Phoenix, Arizona.

Phoenician /fəˈniːʃ(ə)n/ /fəˈniːʃən/ /fəˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ pn
Féinícis
The Semitic language spoken by the inhabitants of Phoenicia.

Phoenix /ˈfiːnɪks/ pn
Féinics
(mythology) A mythical firebird; especially the sacred one from ancient Egyptian mythology.
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the mythical bird. It lies north of Tucana.
The capital city of Arizona, and the county seat of Maricopa County.

Phrygia /ˈfɹɪd͡ʒ.i.ə/ pn
an Fhrigia
(historical) Ancient kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey.

Phrygian /ˈfɹɪ.d͡ʒi.ən/ /ˈfɹɪ.d͡ʒɪ.ən/ adj
Frigiach
Of or relating to Phrygia, its people, or their culture.

Pict /pɪkt/ Picts n
Cruithean Cruithneach
A member of an ancient people of northern and central Scotland.

Pictish /ˈpɪk.tɪʃ/ more Pictish most Pictish adj
Cruithneach
Of or pertaining to the Picts.

Pictor pn
Péintéir
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an easel. It lies between the constellations Carina and Dorado.

Pied Piper /paɪd ˈpaɪ.pə/ pn
An Píobaire Breac
A folk tale or legend, dating back to the Middle Ages, about a rat-catcher in variegated attire, hired by the German town of Hamelin, who is not paid for his services and retaliates by luring away the local children by playing a flute.
Píobaire Breac
The flute-playing rat-catcher who is the protagonist and title character of this story.

Piedmont /ˈpiːdmɒnt/ pn
Píodmant
An administrative region in the north of Italy.

Pisces /ˈpaɪsiːz/ /ˈpɪsiːz/ pn
Éisc na hÉisc
(zodiac constellations) The Fish, a Greco-Roman constellation of the zodiac named for its presumed resemblance to a pair of fish
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the fish, supposed to be ruled by Neptune and to influence events occurring between February 20 and March 20 (tropical) or, less often, between March 15 and April 14 (sidereal).

Piscis Austrinus pn
Iasc an Deiscirt
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a fish. It contains the star Fomalhaut.

Pitcairn Islands pn
Oileáin Phiotcairn
A small archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the southern Pacific Ocean.

Plastic Paddy Plastic Paddies n
Páidín Plaisteach
(pejorative, ethnic slur) An Irish person considered to be inauthentically Irish, especially (UK) recent Irish arrivals to London.

Plato /ˈpleɪ.toʊ/ /ˈpleɪ.təʊ/ pn
Platón
The Greek philosopher, 427–347 BC, follower of Socrates.

Platonic /pləˈtɒnɪk/ more Platonic most Platonic adj
Platónach
Of or relating to the ancient Greek philosopher Plato or his philosophies.

Plurinational State of Bolivia pn
Stát Ilnáisiúnach na Bolaive
Official name of Bolivia.

Pluto /ˈplutoʊ/ /ˈpluːtəʊ/ [ˈpluɾoʊ] pn
Plútón
(Greek god, Roman god) Greco-Roman god of the underworld.
(astronomy) The largest dwarf planet and formerly the ninth planet, represented by the symbol ♇ or ⯓, both now used mostly in astrology. [from 1930]

Plutonian /pluˈtoʊ.ni.ən/ /pluːˈtəʊ.nɪ.ən/ Plutonians n
Plútónach
(chiefly, science fiction) An inhabitant of the dwarf planet Pluto.

Podgorica /ˈpɒdɡəɹɪtsa/ pn
Podgairítse
The capital and largest city of Montenegro.

Poland /ˈpoʊ.lənd/ /ˈpəʊ.lənd/ pn
Poblacht na Polainne Polainn An Pholainn
A country in Central Europe. Official name: Republic of Poland. Capital and largest city: Warsaw.

Pole /pol/ /poʊl/ /pɒʊl/ /pəʊl/ Poles n
Polannach
A person from Poland or of Polish descent.

Polish /ˈpoʊlɪʃ/ /ˈpəʊlɪʃ/ adj
Polannach
Of, from or native to Poland, or relating to the Polish language.

Polish /ˈpoʊlɪʃ/ /ˈpəʊlɪʃ/ n
Polainnis
The language spoken in Poland.

Pollux pn
Pollacs
(Greek god) One of the Dioscuri, son of Zeus and Leda, brother of Castor.
Pollacs Pollux
(star) A star in the constellation Gemini; beta (β) Geminorum.

Polynesia /pɒləˈniːzi.ə/ /ˌpɑːləˈniːʒə/ pn
Polainéis
A region of Oceania, including Easter Island, Hawaii, New Zealand, and most of the islands between them.

Pomeranian /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪniən/ /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪnjən/ more Pomeranian most Pomeranian adj
Pomaerach Pomaránach
Of or relating to Pomerania.

Pomeranian /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪniən/ /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪnjən/ Pomeranians n
madra pomaerach
A breed of small, fluffy, energetic toy dogs in the canine family of spitzes.

Pontus /ˈpɑːntəs/ /ˈpɒntəs/ pn
Pontas
(historical) An ancient kingdom in northern Anatolia, on the south coast of the Black Sea.

Port Erin pn
Purt Earn
A town on the Isle of Man (OS grid ref SC1969).

Port Laoise pn
Port Laoise
The county town of County Laois, Ireland. Former name: Maryborough.

Portadown /ˌpɔː(ɹ)təˈdaʊn/ pn
Port an Dúnáin
A town in County Armagh, Northern Ireland.

Portland /ˈpɔɹtlənd/ pn
Port Tulcháin
A civil parish with a town council on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England, a tied island in the English Channel.
A townland in County Tipperary, Ireland.

Portugal /ˈpɔɹtuɡɑːl/ /ˈpɔɹt͡ʃəɡəl/ /ˈpɔːtjəɡəl/ /ˈpɔːt͡ʃəɡəl/ pn
Portaingéil an Phortaingéil
A country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula. Official name: Portuguese Republic. Capital and largest city: Lisbon.

Portuguese /ˈpɔɹ.t͡ʃə.ɡiz/ /ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/ more Portuguese most Portuguese adj
Portaingéalach Portaingéilis
Of or pertaining to the people of Portugal or their culture.

Portuguese /ˈpɔɹ.t͡ʃə.ɡiz/ /ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/ Portuguese Portugueses n
Portaingéalach Portaingéileach
(chiefly, in the plural) A person native to, or living in, Portugal.

Portuguese /ˈpɔɹ.t͡ʃə.ɡiz/ /ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/ pn
Portaingéilis
A Romance language originating in Portugal, and now the official language of Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guiné Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Cape Verde, East Timor, and Brazil.

Portuguese Republic pn
Poblacht na Portaingéile
The official name of Portugal.

Portuguese Water Dog /ˌpɔɹtʃəɡiːz ˈwɔtɚ dɔɡ/ /ˌpɔːtʃəɡiːz ˈwɔːtə dɒɡ/ Portuguese Water Dogs n
uisceadóir Portaingéalach
A water spaniel breed of gun dog originating in Portugal.

Portuguese man-of-war /ˈmæn-/ /ˈpoɹ-/ /ˈpoɹ.tʃəˌɡiz ˌmæn.ə(v)ˈwoɹ/ /ˈpɔː.tʃʊˌɡiːz ˌmæn.ə(v)ˈwɔː/ Portuguese men-of-war n
smugairle an tseoil
Physalia physalis, a marine cnidarian consisting of a floating colony of hydrozoans attached to a float, superficially resembling a jellyfish.

Poseidon /pəˈsaɪdn̩/ pn
Poiséadón
(Greek god) The god of the sea and other waters, earthquakes and horses; corresponds to the Roman god Neptune.

Prague /pɹeɪ̯ɡ/ /pɹɑːɡ/ pn
Prág
The capital city of the Czech Republic; former capital of Czechoslovakia; former capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia.

Praia /ˈpɹaɪə/ pn
Praia
The capital city of Cape Verde.

Precambrian adj
Réamhchaimbriach
(informal, geology) Relating to the time and geology dated before the Phanerozoic

Presbyterian /ˌpɹɛz.bɪˈtɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/ /ˌpɹɛz.bɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/ adj
Preispitéireach
Relating to Presbyterianism.

Presbyterian /ˌpɹɛz.bɪˈtɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/ /ˌpɹɛz.bɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/ Presbyterians n
Preispitéireach
A person belonging to a church in the tradition of Presbyterianism.

Presbyterianism n
Preispitéireachas
A form of Protestant Christianity based on Calvinism.

Pretoria /pɹəˈtɔːɹi.ə/ pn
Preatóiria
The administrative capital of South Africa.

Primitive Irish pn
Gaeilge Chianach Gaeilge Ársa
The Irish language as attested from the fourth to the seventh centuries C.E. and written in the Ogham alphabet, the predecessor of Old Irish.

Prince Edward Island pn
Oileán Phrionsa Éadbhard
A province in eastern Canada. Capital: Charlottetown.

Prince of Wales Princes of Wales n
Prionsa na Breataine Bige
A royal title given to the male heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom.

Principality of Albania pn
Prionsacht na hAlbáine
A former country in Southeast Europe, a monarchy that existed from 1914 to 1925, corresponding to the modern republic of Albania.

Principality of Andorra pn
Prionsacht Andóra
Official name of Andorra.

Principality of Liechtenstein pn
Prionsacht Lichtinstéin
The official name of Liechtenstein.

Prometheus /pɹoʊˈmiθi.əs/ /pɹəˈmiːθi.əs/ pn
Proiméitéas
(Greek god) The Titan chiefly honored for stealing fire from Zeus in the stalk of a fennel plant and giving it to mortals for their use. The god of fire and craft.

Proterozoic /ˌpɹoʊt(ə)ɹoʊˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌpɹoʊt(ə)ɹrəˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌpɹɒt(ə)ɹəʊˈzəʊɪk/ /ˌpɹɒt(ə)ɹəˈzəʊɪk/ adj
Prótarasóch
(geology) Of or relating to the geologic eon from 2,500 Ma to 541.0±1.0 Ma.

Protestant /ˈpɹɑtɪstənt/ /ˈpɹɒtɪstənt/ more Protestant most Protestant adj
Protastúnach
(Christianity) Of or pertaining to several denominations of Christianity that separated from the Roman Catholic Church based on theological or political differences during the Reformation.

Protestant /ˈpɹɑtɪstənt/ /ˈpɹɒtɪstənt/ Protestants n
Protastúnach
(Christianity) A member of any of several Christian denominations which separated from the Roman Catholic Church based on theological or political differences during the Reformation (or in some cases later).

Protestantism /ˈpɹɑ.tɪs.tən.tɪ.zəm/ /ˈpɹɑ.ɾɪs.tən.tɪ.zm̩/ /ˈpɹɒt.ɪs.tən.tɪ.zəm/ Protestantisms n
Protastúnachas
The Protestant (rather than the Roman Catholic or Orthodox) Christian faith.

Proto-Celtic pn
Próta-Cheiltis
The putative ancestor of all the known Celtic languages.

Proto-Indo-European /-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/ /ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/ /ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/ adj
Próta-Ind-Eorpach
(linguistics, anthropology) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it.

Proto-Indo-European /-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/ /ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/ /ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/ Proto-Indo-Europeans n
Próta-Ind-Eorpach
(anthropology, countable) A person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language.

Proto-Indo-European /-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/ /ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/ /ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/ pn
Próta-Ind-Eorpais
(linguistics, uncountable) The reconstructed ancestor language or protolanguage of the Indo-European family of languages, which includes most European, Iranian, and Indian languages.

Proto-Polynesian adj
Próta-Pholainéiseach
(linguistics, anthropology) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Polynesian language, or the people who spoke it.

Proto-Polynesian Proto-Polynesians n
Próta-Pholainéiseach
(anthropology, countable) A person who spoke the Proto-Polynesian language.

Proto-Polynesian pn
Próta-Pholainéisis
(linguistics, uncountable) The hypothetical ancestor language or protolanguage of most Polynesian languages.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan pn
Sín-Tibéidis
The original language, or rather, cluster of dialects, from which descend the Sino-Tibetan family of languages, to include Tibeto-Burman group and the various Chinese languages; the exact phylogenetic relationships remain subject to scholarly debate.

Proverbs Proverb pn
Seanfhocail Leabhar na Seanfhocal
A book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh, being a collection of moral maxims.

Prussia /ˈpɹʌʃə/ pn
Prúis An Phrúis
(chiefly, historical) A geographical area on the Baltic coast of northeastern Europe.
(historical) A German province which was originally located in this area but later greatly expanded, and which was the predecessor to and a member of the German Empire; abolished as an administrative unit at the end of the Second World War.
(countable) A country known for exceptional military professionalism in her region. Historically used for Bulgaria as the "Prussia of the Balkans".
Former name of Leader, Saskatchewan, changed due to anti-German sentiment in WWI.

Prussian /ˈpɹʌ.ʃən/ adj
Prúiseach
Of, from, or pertaining to Prussia.

Prussian /ˈpɹʌ.ʃən/ Prussians n
Prúiseach
A native or inhabitant of the geographical region of Prussia.
(historical) A citizen of the German state of Prussia.

Prussian blue Prussian blues n
gorm phrúiseach
(inorganic compound) An insoluble dark, bright blue pigment, ferric ferrocyanide (equivalent to ferrous ferricyanide), used in painting and dyeing, and as an antidote for certain kinds of heavy metal poisoning.
A moderate to rich blue colour, tinted with deep greenish blue.

Psalms /sæmz/ /sɑlmz/ /sɑmz/ /sɑːmz/ /sɔlmz/ /sɔmz/ pn
Sailm Leabhar na Salm

Puerto Rico /ˌpwɛə(ɹ)təˈɹiːkəʊ/ /ˌpwɛɹtoʊˈɹikoʊ/ /ˌpwɜː(ɹ)təˈɹiːkəʊ/ /ˌpɔɹtəˈɹikoʊ/ [ˌpɔɚɾəˈɹikoʊ] pn
Pórtó Ríce Pórtó Rícó
A self-governing commonwealth and dependent territory of the United States in the Caribbean.

Punic /ˈpjuːnɪk/ pn
Púnais
The language of Carthage.

Punic War Punic Wars n
Cogadh Púnach
Any of several wars between Ancient Rome and Carthage.

Puppis pn
Deireadh na Loinge
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the stern of a ship. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.

Purgatory pn
purgadóir
(Christianity) An intermediate state after death in which some of those ultimately destined for Heaven must first undergo purification.

Pythagoras /paɪˈθæɡ.əɹ.əs/ /pɪˈθæɡ.əɹ.əs/ pn
Píotágarás
Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BC), an Ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher.

Pythagorean /pɪˌθaɡəˈɹiːən/ more Pythagorean most Pythagorean adj
Píotagarásach
Pertaining to Pythagoras or his philosophy. [from 16th c.]

Pythagorean theorem pn
teoirim Phíotagarásach
(geometry) A mathematical theorem which states that the square of the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of those of the two other sides.

Pythagorean triple Pythagorean triples n
triarach Píotagarásach
(mathematics) A set of three positive integers a, b and c, for which a^2 + b^2 = c^2.

Pyxis pn
Compás an Mhairnéalaigh
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the compass of a ship. It is associated with the larger Argo Navis, although it was never officially part of that constellation.

Qatar /kəˈtɑɹ/ /ˈkæˌtɑɹ/ /ˈkɑtɑɹ/ /ˈkɑtɚ/ /ˈkʌtəɹ/ /ˈɡɑtəɹ/ /ˈɡʌtəɹ/ pn
Catar
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: State of Qatar. Capital: Doha.

Quaker /ˈkweɪkɚ/ Quakers n
Caecar
A believer of the Quaker faith and a member of the Society of Friends, known for their pacifist views.

Quechua /ˈkɛt͡ʃwə/ /ˈkɛt͡ʃəwə/ pn
Ceatsuais
The language spoken by these people.

Queens County /ˈkwiːnz ˈkaʊn.ti/ pn
Contae na Banríona
(historical) The former name for County Laois in Ireland (used from the mid 16th century till 1922).

Quito /ˈkitoʊ/ /ˈkiːtəʊ/ pn
Caíteo
The capital city of Ecuador.

Qur'an /koʊˈɹæn/ /kɔˈɹɑn/ /kəˈɹæn/ /kəˈɹɑn/ /kəˈɹɑːn/ Qur'ans pn
Córan An Córan
The Islamic holy book, considered by Muslims to be the word of God as revealed to Muhammad.

Rabat /ɹɑːˈbæt/ /ɹɑːˈbɑːt/ /ɹəˈbæt/ /ɹəˈbɑːt/ pn
Rabat
The capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco.

Raphael /-eɪ-/ /ˈɹæf.eɪ.əl/ /ˈɹæf.eɪˌɛl/ /ˈɹæf.i.əl/ /ˈɹæf.ɛəl/ /ˈɹæf.ɪ.əl/ /ˈɹɑː-/ /ˈɹɑː.fi.əl/ /ˌɹæf.aɪˈɛl/ /ˌɹɑː-/ /ˌɹɑː.faɪˈɛl/ Raphaels pn
Raiféal
An archangel in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.
Rafael
(countable) A en given name.

Rastafarian adj
Rastafárach
Of or relating to Rastafarianism or its adherents.

Rastafarian Rastafarians n
Rastafárach Rastafáraí
An adherent of Rastafarianism.

Red Crescent pn
Corrán Dhearg
A branch of the Red Cross that operates in Muslim countries.

Red Cross pn
Cros Dhearg Cumann na Croise Deirge
An international humanitarian organization that cares for the wounded, sick, and homeless.
The symbol of this organization.
An unincorporated community in Kentucky.
A town in North Carolina.

Red Sea pn
Muir Rua
A long, narrow sea between Africa and the Arabian Peninsula; links the Suez Canal with the Arabian Sea.

Red Square pn
An Chearnóg Dearg
A large historical square in central Moscow.

Reform Judaism pn
Giúdachas Leasaitheach
A movement in Judaism, characterized by the loosening of the strictures of much of traditional Jewish law that is seen as irrelevant to modern society, and by the shortening, simplification, and translation to the vernacular of Jewish ritual.

Renaissance /ɹɘˈnæɪsɒns/ /ɹɘˈnæɪsɘns/ /ɹəˈneɪs(ə)ns/ /ɹəˈneɪsɑːns/ /ɹəˈneɪsɒ̃(n)s/ /ɹəˈnæɪsɔns/ /ɹəˈnæɪsəns/ /ˈɹenɘˌsɒns/ /ˈɹenəˌsɔns/ /ˈɹɛnəˌsɑns/ /ˌɹɛnəˈsɑns/ /ˌɹɛnəˈsɒ̃(n)s/ pn
Athbheochan Áthbhreithniú
(historical) The 14th-century revival of classical art, architecture, literature and learning that originated in Italy and spread throughout Europe over the following two centuries.
The period of this revival, typically lasting from the late 14th to the late 16th centuries; the transition from medieval to modern times.

Republic of Albania pn
Poblacht na hAlbáine
The official name of Albania.

Republic of Angola pn
Poblacht Angóla
The official name of Angola.

Republic of Armenia pn
Poblacht na hAirméine
The official name of Armenia.

Republic of Austria pn
Poblacht na hOstaire
The official name of Austria.

Republic of Azerbaijan pn
Poblacht na hAsarbaiseáine
The official name of Azerbaijan (country in the Caucasus).

Republic of Belarus pn
Poblacht na Bealarúise
The official name of Belarus.

Republic of Botswana pn
Poblacht na Botsuáine
The official name of Botswana.

Republic of Bulgaria pn
Poblacht na Bulgáire
The official name of Bulgaria.

Republic of Burundi pn
Poblacht na Burúine
The official name of Burundi.

Republic of China /ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv ˈt͡ʃaɪnə/ pn
Téaváin Poblacht na Síne
A country in East Asia; modern-day Taiwan, the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949.

Republic of Croatia pn
Poblacht na Cróite
The official name of Croatia. [20th c.]

Republic of Cuba pn
Poblacht Chúba
The official name of Cuba.

Republic of Cyprus pn
Poblacht na Cipire
The official name of Cyprus.

Republic of Côte d'Ivoire pn
Poblacht an Chósta Eabhair
The official name of Côte d'Ivoire. [20th c.]

Republic of Equatorial Guinea pn
Poblacht na Guine Meánchiorclaí
The official name of Equatorial Guinea.

Republic of Estonia pn
Poblacht na hEastóine
The official name of Estonia. [20th c.]

Republic of Finland pn
Poblacht na Fionlainne
The long form of Finland.

Republic of Ghana pn
Poblacht Ghána
Official name of Ghana. [20th c.]

Republic of Guinea pn
Poblacht na Guine
The official name of Guinea.

Republic of Hungary pn
Poblacht na hUngáire
Former official name of Hungary.

Republic of Iceland pn
Poblacht na hÍoslainne
The conventional descriptive name of Iceland.

Republic of India pn
Poblacht na hIndia
The official name of India.

Republic of Indonesia pn
Poblacht na hIndinéise
Official name for Indonesia.

Republic of Iraq pn
Poblacht na hIaráice
(a country).

Republic of Ireland /ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv ˈaɪə(ɹ)lənd/ pn
Poblacht na hÉireann
A republic in western Europe, covering most of the island of Ireland, with Dublin as its capital.

Republic of Kazakhstan pn
Poblacht na Casacstáine
A sovereign state with its territory located in Eurasia.

Republic of Korea pn
Poblacht na Cóiré
Official name of South Korea.

Republic of Kosovo pn
Poblacht na Cosaive
The official name of (independent) Kosovo.

Republic of Latvia pn
Poblacht na Laitvia
The official name of Latvia.

Republic of Liberia pn
Poblacht na Libéire

Republic of Lithuania pn
Poblacht na Liotuáine
The official name of Lithuania.

Republic of Madagascar pn
Poblacht Mhadagascar
Official name of Madagascar.

Republic of Malawi pn
Poblacht na Maláive
The official name of Malawi.

Republic of Malta pn
Poblacht Mhálta
The official name of Malta.

Republic of Moldova pn
Poblacht na Moldóive
The official name of Moldova.

Republic of Mozambique pn
Poblacht Mhósaimbíc
(a country).

Republic of Namibia pn
Poblacht na Namaibe
Official name of Namibia.

Republic of Niger pn
Poblacht na Nígire
The official name of Niger.

Republic of North Macedonia pn
Poblacht na Macadóine Thuaidh
Country situated north of Greece and west of Bulgaria on the Balkan Peninsula, formerly partially recognised as the Republic of Macedonia.

Republic of Poland pn
Poblacht na Polainne
The official name of Poland.

Republic of Senegal pn
Poblacht na Seineagáile
Official name of Senegal. [20th c.]

Republic of Serbia pn
Poblacht na Seirbia
The official name of Serbia.

Republic of Seychelles pn
Poblacht na Séiséal
The official name of Seychelles.

Republic of Singapore pn
Poblacht Shingeapór
Official name of Singapore.

Republic of Slovenia pn
Poblacht na Slóivéine
The official name of Slovenia.

Republic of South Africa pn
Poblacht na hAfraice Theas
The official name of South Africa, a country in Southern Africa.

Republic of South Sudan pn
Poblacht na Súdáine Theas
South Sudan (a country in East Africa).

Republic of Tajikistan pn
Poblacht na Táidsíceastáine
The official name of Tajikistan.

Republic of The Gambia pn
Poblacht na Gaimbia
The official name of The Gambia (1965-2016).

Republic of Turkey pn
Poblacht na Tuirce
Former official name of the country of Turkey (now Republic of Türkiye).

Republic of Uganda pn
Poblacht Uganda
The official name of Uganda.

Republic of Uzbekistan pn
Poblacht na hÚisbéiceastáine
The official name of Uzbekistan.

Republic of Vanuatu /rəˈpʌblɪk əv ˌvænuːˈaːtuː/ pn
Poblacht Vanuatú
The official name of Vanuatu.

Republic of Zaire pn
Poblacht na Sáíre
The official name of Zaire until 1997, now Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Republic of Zambia pn
Poblacht na Saimbia
The official name of Zambia.

Republic of Zimbabwe pn
Poblacht na Siombáibe
The official name of Zimbabwe.

Republic of the Congo pn
Poblacht an Chongó
A country in Central Africa. Capital: Brazzaville.

Republic of the Philippines pn
Poblacht na nOileán Filipíneacha
Official name for Philippines.

Republic of the Sudan pn
Poblacht na Súdáine
The official name of Sudan.

Republic of the Union of Myanmar pn
Poblacht Aontas Mhaenmar
The official name of Myanmar.

Republican Republicans n
Poblachtach
(British, Ireland) An Irish nationalist; a proponent of a united Ireland.

Resurrection pn
aiséirí
(Christianity) The resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Reticulum pn
Líontán
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern summer sky, said to resemble a reticle. It lies between the constellations of Horologium and Dorado.

Revelation pn
Apacailipsis (Eoin) Taispeáint an Taispeáint a fuair Eoin
(biblical) The final book of the New Testament of the Bible.

Reykjavík /ˈɹeɪk.jə.vɪk/ /ˈɹɛk.jə.vɪk/ pn
Réicivíc
The capital city of Iceland.

Reynold Reynolds pn
Raghnall
A en given name, today more popular in the forms Reginald and Ronald. Modern use is partly transferred from the surname.

Rhea /ˈɹiː.ə/ pn
Rhea
(astronomy) Saturn V, one of the moons of Saturn.

Rhenish /ˈɹɛnɪʃ/ more Rhenish most Rhenish adj
Réineach
Pertaining to the Rhine river or region. [from 15th c.]

Rhine /ɹaɪn/ pn
Réin
A river in western Europe, that flows through Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Germany, France and the Netherlands, before emptying into the North Sea.

Rhineland /ˈɹaɪnlænd/ pn
Dúiche na Réine Tír na Réine
(usually, with the definite article) An area on both sides of the river Rhine, in the west of Germany. Roughly equivalent to the former Prussian Rhine Province, now the greater part of Rhineland-Palatinate plus the south-western half of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Rhinelander /ˈɹaɪnlændə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹaɪnləndə(ɹ)/ Rhinelanders n
Réineach
Someone from Rhineland.

Rhode Island /ˌɹoʊd ˈaɪ.lənd/ /ˌɹəʊd ˈaɪ.lənd/ pn
Oileán Rhode
The smallest state of the United States, formerly officially State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.

Rhodes /ɹoʊdz/ /ɹəʊdz/ Rhodeses pn
Ródas
A city on the island of Rhodes, Greece, and the capital of the Dodecanese.

Rhodesia /ɹoʊˈdiːʒə/ /ɹəʊˈdiːʃə/ pn
an Róidéis
(historical) A historical region in Southern Africa, the area now occupied by Zimbabwe and Zambia. [used from 1895 to 1964]

Rhodesian Ridgeback Rhodesian Ridgebacks n
dronnach Róidéiseach
A dog of a kind bred in southern Africa to hunt lions.

Ribbonman Ribbonmen n
Ribíneach
(historical) A supporter of the Ribbonism movement.

Richard /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.əd/ /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.ɚd/ Richards pn
Risteard
(rare, _, compared to given name) A surname originating as a patronymic.

Richter scale pn
scála Richter
(seismology) a logarithmic scale used to express the energy released by an earthquake, each increase of 1 representing a 32-fold increase in energy.

Riga /ˈɹiːɡə/ pn
Ríge
The capital city of Latvia.

Ring pn
An Rinn
A parish of County Waterford, Ireland.

Riyadh /ɹiˈjɑːd/ pn
Riad
A province of Saudi Arabia. Capital: Riyadh.
The capital city of Saudi Arabia.

Robert /ˈɹɑ.bɚt/ /ˈɹɒb.ət/ /ˈɹɔb.ət/ pn
Riobard
(rare, _, compared to given name) A French surname originating as a patronymic.

Roblox /ˈroʊblɒks/ pn
Roblox
A massively multiplayer online game and creation system platform (introduced in 2004) in which users design and play video games.

Roman /ˈɹoʊ.mən/ /ˈɹəʊ.mən/ more Roman most Roman adj
Rómhánach Róimhe
Of or from Rome.
(historical) Of or from the Roman Empire.

Roman /ˈɹoʊ.mən/ /ˈɹəʊ.mən/ Romans n
Rómhánach
A native or resident of Rome.
(historical) A native or resident of the Roman Empire.

Roman Catholic Church pn
Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach
Latin Church, the largest of the autonomous particular churches of the Catholic Church.

Roman Catholicism pn
Caitliceachas Rómhánach
The beliefs or religion of the Roman Catholic Church.

Roman Empire /ˈɹoʊmən ˈɛmpaɪɚ/ /ˈɹəʊmən ˈɛmpaɪə/ pn
Impireacht na Róimhe
(historical) The empire which succeeded the Roman Republic and existed between 27 B.C.E. and 476 C.E. in the west (and until 1453 C.E. in the east; see Byzantine Empire), encompassing territories stretching from Britain and Germany to Spain, North Africa and the Persian Gulf. [from 15th c.]

Roman numeral Roman numerals n
uimhir Rómhánach
A numeral represented using a Roman system involving the letters I, V, X, L, C, D, and M.

Roman road Roman roads n
bóthar Rómhánach
(historical) Any of many roads built in Europe, including Britain, by the Ancient Romans, many of which survive in various forms.

Romania /ɹoʊˈmeɪ.ni.ə/ /ɹuˈmeɪ.ni.ə/ /ɹəʊˈmeɪ.ni.ə/ /ɹʊˈmeɪ.ni.ə/ pn
Rómáin an Rómáin
A country in Southeast Europe. Capital and largest city: Bucharest.

Romans /ˈɹoʊmənz/ /ˈɹəʊmənz/ pn
Rómhánaigh Litir Naomh Pól chuig na Rómhánaigh
(biblical) The sixth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of St Paul to the Christians in Rome.
Rómhánaigh
The 30th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.

Romansch /ɹoʊˈmænʃ/ /ɹoʊˈmɑnʃ/ /ɹə(ʊ)ˈmanʃ/ pn
Raeta-Rómáinsis
(strict sense) A Rhaeto-Romance language (or dialect continuum) spoken in the Graubünden/Grisons canton of Switzerland; it is one of the four official languages of Switzerland.

Romanticism pn
rómánsaíocht
(arts, music) An artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, peaking from 1800 to 1850, characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical.

Rome /ɹoʊm/ /ɹum/ /ɹəʊm/ pn
Róimh
A city on the Tiber River on the Italian peninsula; ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of Italy; capital city of the region of Lazio.

Rome wasn't built in a day /ˈɹoʊm ˌwʌzənt ˈbɪlt‿ɪn‿ə ˈdeɪ/ /ˈɹəʊm ˌwɒzənt ˈbɪlt‿ɪn‿ə ˈdeɪ/ proverb
i ndiaidh a chéile a thógtar na caisleáin
(idiomatic) It takes a long time to create something complicated or impressive.

Ronan pn
Rónán
A en given name.

Rory /ˈɹoəɹi/ /ˈɹɔːɹi/ Rories Rorys pn
Ruairí
A en given name

Rose pn
Róis
A en given name.

Rosses pn
na Rosa
A district in western County Donegal, Ireland

Rottweiler /ˈɹɒtvaɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹɒtwaɪlə(ɹ)/ Rottweilers n
rótvaidhléir
A very large muscular breed of dog of German origin with black fur and tanned markings.

Roundhead Roundheads n
Maolcheann
(informal, historical) A supporter of parliament during the English Civil War.

Rufus pn
Rufas
Either of two persons mentioned in the New Testament (in Mark 15:21 and Romans 16:13).
A en given name, used since the seventeenth century.
A minor city in Sherman County, Oregon, United States.

Russia /ˈɹʌʃə/ Russias pn
Rúis An Rúis
A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia. Official name: Russian Federation. Capital and largest city: Moscow. It borders the Pacific and Arctic Oceans and the Baltic, Black, and Caspian Seas. Part of the Soviet Union from 1917 through 1991.

Russian /ˈɹʌʃ(ə)n/ adj
Rúiseach Rúisis
Of or pertaining to Russia.
Of or pertaining to the Russian language.

Russian /ˈɹʌʃ(ə)n/ Russians n
Rúiseach
(countable) An ethnic Russian: a member of the East Slavic ethnic group which is native to, and constitutes the majority of the population of, Russia.
(countable, obsolete) A person from the Soviet Union
Rúisis
(uncountable) The Russian language.

Russian Empire pn
Impireacht na Rúise
(historical) The Russian state from 1721 to 1917.

Russian Federation pn
Cónaidhm na Rúise
Alternative formal name of Russia.

Russian Orthodox Church pn
Eaglais Cheartchreidmheach na Rúise
One of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian churches.

Ruth /ɹuːθ/ pn
Rút Leabhar Rút
(book of the bible) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.
Rút
A en given name.

Ruthenia /ɹuːˈθiː.ni.ə/ pn
Rúitéin
The territory between Central and Eastern Europe inhabited by Rusyns, on the slopes of the Carpathian Mountains in parts of Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia.
(historical) Lands inhabited by Ukrainians (Ruthenians) of the former Austrian Empire kingdom of Galicia (1772–1918), corresponding to parts of Western Ukraine.

Ryan /ˈɹaɪən/ Ryans pn
Rián
A en given name
A en given name رَيَّان. Sometimes written and pronounced as Ryan in English due to the phonetic similarity with the Arabic name.
A en given name.

SIM card SIM cards n
cárta SIM
A small, removable card smaller than a credit card which stores mobile phone data such as contact names and numbers, SMSs and security information.

Saba /ˈseɪ.bə/ pn
Saba
An island and special municipality in the Netherlands, in the Caribbean Sea; in the southern part of the Caribbean off the west coast of Venezuela.

Sabbath /ˈsæbəθ/ Sabbaths n
Sabóid
Friday evening to Saturday evening, observed in Judaism and some Christian denominations (such as the Coptic Orthodox Church) as a day of rest and worship.
Sunday, observed in most of Christianity as a day of rest and worship.

Sabine /ˈseɪbaɪn/ /ˈsæbaɪn/ Sabines n
Saibíneach
A member of a certain ancient tribe of Italy.

Sadducee Sadducees n
Sadúcach
(historical) A member of an ancient Jewish sect possibly formed as a political party in the 2nd century BCE and existing until around the 1st century CE.

Sagitta /səˈd͡ʒɪt.ə/ /səˈɡɪt.ə/ pn
Saighead
(constellation) A small autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble an arrow. It lies between the constellations of Vulpecula and Aquila.

Sagittarius /ˌsadʒɪˈtɛːɹɪ.əs/ /ˌsædʒəˈtɛɚ.i.əs/ /ˌsædʒəˈtɛɹiəs/ pn
Saighdeoir an Saighdeoir
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a centaur who is an archer. It contains the stars Kaus Australis and Nunki.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the archer, ruled by Jupiter and covering November 23 - December 21 (tropical astrology) or December 16 - January 14 (sidereal astrology).

Sahara /səˈhɑɹə/ /səˈhɑːɹə/ /səˈhɛɹə/ pn
An Sahára
A desert in North Africa, the largest hot desert in the world.

Saharan more Saharan most Saharan adj
Sahárach
of or pertaining to the Sahara desert

Saint /seɪnt/ /sənt/ Saints n
Naomh San
A title given to a saint, often prefixed to the person's name.

Saint Bernard /ˌseɪnt bɚˈnɑɹd/ /ˌsənt ˈbɜːnəd/ Saint Bernards n
ailpíneach
One of a breed of large dog, famous for rescuing people on mountains.

Saint George /ˈseɪnt ˈdʒɔː(ɹ)dʒ/ pn
Naomh Seoirse
(Christianity) Patron saint of England and several other places; legendary killer of a dragon.

Saint Lawrence River pn
Abhainn San Labhrás
A large river in Canada, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean

Saint Mary /ˈseɪnt ˈmɛə.ɹi/ pn
Naomh Máire
(Christianity) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus.

Saint Michael pn
Naoimh Mícheál
Former name of Bridgetown.; Ellipsis of Town of Saint Michael.; A city in Saint Michael parish, Barbados

Saint Nicholas pn
Naomh Nioclás San Nioclás
(Christianity) A 4th-century Greek bishop from Myra, Anatolia, patron saint of children, mariners and the unwed among others, functioning in multiple countries as a gift-giving figure around his feast day of December 6.

Saint Petersburg /sənt ˈpiːtə(r)zˌbɜː(r)ɡ/ pn
Cathair Pheadair Brí Shan Pheadair
A federal city of Russia, known between 1914 and 1924 as Petrograd and between 1924 and 1991 as Leningrad, and former capital of Russia (1713–1728, 1732–1918).
a city in Florida, United States.

Saint Valentine's Day /ˌseɪntˈvælənˌtaɪnzˌdeɪ/ /ˌsəntˈvælənˌtaɪnzˌdeɪ/ pn
Lá Fhéile Vailintín Lá San Vailintín
A holiday in remembrance of Saint Valentine, February 14th, celebrated by sending cards or similar tokens of love.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines /- ˌɡɹɛn.əˈdiːnz/ /seɪnt ˈvɪnt.sənt ən ðə ˈɡɹɛn.əˌdiːnz/ pn
San Uinseann agus na Greanáidíní
An archipelago and country in the Caribbean, comprising the islands of Saint Vincent and the island chain of the Grenadines.

Salvadoran adj
Salvadórach
Of, from, or pertaining to El Salvador or the Salvadorian people.

Salvadoran Salvadorans n
Salvadórach
A person from El Salvador or of Salvadorian descent.

Samaria /səˈmæː.ɹɪ.ə/ /səˈmɛə.ɹɪ.ə/ /səˈmɛɚ.i.ə/ pn
an tSamáir
(historical) An ancient region in the region of Palestine, mostly in the northern part of the modern West Bank.

Sami /ˈsæmi/ /ˈsɑːmi/ adj
Laplainnise Laplannach Sáimise Sámach
Relating to the Sami people of northern Scandinavia, or the Sami languages.

Sami /ˈsæmi/ /ˈsɑːmi/ Sami Samis n
Laplannach Sámach
A member of an indigenous Finno-Ugric people of Lapland.

Sami /ˈsæmi/ /ˈsɑːmi/ Samis pn
Laplainnis Sáimis
(countable) Any of the languages of the Sami people.

Samoa /saː.mo.a/ /səˈmoʊ.ə/ /səˈməʊ.ə/ /ˈsaʊ.məʊ.ə/ /ˈsaːˌmaʉ̯.ə/ pn
Samó Stát Neamhspleách Shamó
A country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania. Official name: Independent State of Samoa. Capital and largest city: Apia. Formerly Western Samoa, and, before that, German Samoa. It is distinct from American Samoa.

Samuel /ˈsæmjuəl/ pn
Samúéil
A en given name.
One of two books of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.
(biblical figure) The primary author and central character of the first book of Samuel.

San Francisco /ˌsæn fɹænˈsɪskoʊ/ /ˌsæn fɹənˈsɪskoʊ/ pn
Cathair Naomh Phroinsias
A major coastal city and county in California, United States, of over 800,000, widely known for its unique culture, architecture, and LGBT population; formerly Yerba Buena (pre-1847).

San Marino /ˌsæn məˈɹi.noʊ/ /ˌsæn məˈɹiː.nəʊ/ pn
San Mairíne
A landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy. Official name: Republic of San Marino.
The capital city of San Marino.

Sanaa /sɑˈnɑː/ /səˈnɑː/ pn
San'a
The capital and largest city of Yemen.

Sandwich tern Sandwich terns n
geabhróg scothdhubh
A species of tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis.

Sanskrit /ˈsænskɹɪt/ n
Sanscrait
A classical Indo-European language of South Asia, which is the liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism. [from 1610s]

Santa Claus /ˈsæn.təˌklɑz/ /ˈsæn.təˌklɔz/ /ˈsæn.təˌklɔːz/ /ˈsæːn.təˌkloːz/ Santa Clauses pn
Daidí na Nollag Saintí San Nioclás
(folklore) A figure said to bring presents to people (especially children) at Christmas time.

Santiago /sæntiˈɑːɡəʊ/ /sɑntiˈɑɡoʊ/ pn
Saintiagó
A commune of Santiago, Chile, in the center of the city.
A city in the Philippines.

Sapphic /ˈsæf.ɪk/ adj
Safach
Relating to the Greek poetess Sappho from Lesbos or her poetry.

Sappho /ˈsæfoʊ/ /ˈsæfəʊ/ pn
Safó
An Ancient Greek female name, particularly borne by a poetess from Lesbos who lived between 630 and 570 BC (exact dates unknown).

Sarah /ˈse(ɪ).ɹə/ /ˈsæ.ɹə/ /ˈsɑɹ.ə/ /ˈsɛə.ɹə/ /ˈsɛɚ.ə/ /ˈsɛɹ.ə/ /ˈsɛː.ɹə/ Sarahs pn
Sárá
(biblical character) The wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac in the Bible.
Sorcha
A en given name.

Sarai pn
Sáraí
A en given name, most famously borne by Sarah, the wife of Abram and mother of Isaac in the Bible, prior to her name change.

Sarajevo /ˌsɑɹəˈjeɪvəʊ/ pn
Sairéavó
The capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, built on the Miljacka river.

Sardinia /sɑɹˈdɪniə/ /sɑːˈdɪnɪə/ pn
Sairdín
An island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea.

Sardinian pn
Sairdínis
A Romance language spoken in the Italian region of Sardinia.

Sassanian /səˈseɪnɪən/ adj
Sasánach
Of or pertaining to the Sassanid Dynasty who ruled Persia during 224-651 C.E..
Of or pertaining to the empire ruled by that dynasty.

Sassanian /səˈseɪnɪən/ Sassanians n
Sasánach Sasánaigh
A member of the Sassanid Dynasty.

Satan /ˈseɪ.tn̩/ /ˈseɪ.tən/ [ˈseɪ.ʔn̩] pn
An tAinspiorad Sátan
(religion) The supreme evil spirit in the Abrahamic religions, who tempts humanity and rules Hell; the Devil; (in, _, Theistic Satanism) the same figure, regarded as a deity to be revered and worshipped.

Saturday /ˈsæ-/ /ˈsætədeɪ/ /ˈsætədi/ /ˈsætədæɪ/ /ˈsætəɹdeɪ/ /ˈsætəɹdi/ /ˈsɑːtədeɪ/ [ˈsæɾɚdeɪ̯] [ˈsæɾɚdi] adv
Dé Sathairn Satharn
(US, Canada, informal in UK) On Saturday.

Saturday /ˈsæ-/ /ˈsætədeɪ/ /ˈsætədi/ /ˈsætədæɪ/ /ˈsætəɹdeɪ/ /ˈsætəɹdi/ /ˈsɑːtədeɪ/ [ˈsæɾɚdeɪ̯] [ˈsæɾɚdi] Saturdays n
Satharn An Satharn
The seventh day of the week in many religious traditions, and the sixth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; observed as the Sabbath/Shabbat in Judaism (Friday sunset to Saturday sunset); it follows Friday and precedes Sunday.

Saturn /ˈsæt.ən/ /ˈsæt.ɚn/ pn
Satarn
(astronomy) The sixth planet of the solar system, known for its large rings, and until recent times the furthest known; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♄.
(Roman god) The god of fertility and agriculture, equivalent to the Greek Kronos.

Saturnalia /ˌsætəˈneɪli.ə/ /ˌsætɚˈneɪli.ə/ /ˌsætɚˈneɪljə/ pn
Féile Satairn
(historical) An Ancient Roman holiday honoring the deity Saturn.

Saturnian /sæ.tɜː(ɹ)n.jən/ Saturnians n
Satarnach
(science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Saturn.

Saudi Arabia /ˌsaʊ.di əˈɹeɪ.bi.ə/ /ˌsɔː.di əˈɹeɪ.bi.ə/ pn
Araib Shádach Ríocht na hAraibe Sádaí
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Capital: Riyadh.

Saxon /ˈsæksən/ Saxons n
Sacsanach
A member of an ancient West Germanic tribe that lived at the eastern North Sea coast and south of it.
A native or inhabitant of Saxony.

Saxony /ˈsæksəni/ pn
Sacsain
A historic realm and modern state of Germany.

Saxony-Anhalt pn
Sacsain‑Anhalt
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation. Its capital is Magdeburg.

Scandinavia /skændɪˈneɪvi.ə/ pn
Críoch Lochlann
Denmark, Norway, and Sweden collectively and sometimes Finland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands.

Scandinavian /ˌskændɪˈneɪvi.ən/ more Scandinavian most Scandinavian adj
Lochlannach
(Of a language) Of or relating to the North Germanic family of languages to which Swedish, Norwegian (Bokmål, Nynorsk), Danish, Icelandic, and Faeroese belong.

Scandinavian /ˌskændɪˈneɪvi.ən/ Scandinavians n
Lochlannach
Someone from Scandinavia.

Scandinavian Peninsula pn
Críoch Lochlann
A peninsula comprising the mainlands of Norway and Sweden, and the northwestern part of Finland (compared to Fennoscandia which comprises all the three countries Norway, Sweden and Finland); the largest peninsula in Europe (with an area of a three-quarter million square kilometres).

Scorpio /ˈskɔːpɪəʊ/ /ˈskɔːɹpɪoʊ/ pn
Scairp
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the scorpion, ruled by Mars and covering October 23 - November 22 (tropical astrology) or November 16 - December 15 (sidereal astrology).

Scorpius /ˈskɔːpɪəs/ /ˈskɔːɹpɪəs/ pn
Scairp
(constellation) A constellation of the zodiac, roughly shaped like a scorpion. Its brightest star is the red giant Antares.

Scot /ˈskɑt/ /ˈskɒt/ /ˈskɔʔ/ Scots n
Albanach Scot Scotach
A person born in or native to Scotland.

Scotch /skɑt͡ʃ/ /skɒt͡ʃ/ Scotches n
fuisce na hAlban uisce beatha Albanach
(uncountable) Whisky distilled in Scotland, especially from malted barley.

Scotch mist Scotch mists n
ceobháisteach
(Britain) A cold and penetrating mist, verging on rain.

Scotch whisky Scotch whiskies n
fuisce na hAlban uisce beatha Albanach
Whisky distilled in Scotland especially from malted barley.

Scotland /ˈskɑt.lənd/ /ˈskɒt.lənd/ /ˈskɔʔ.lənd/ pn
Albain Alba
A constituent country of the United Kingdom, located in northwest Europe to the north of England

Scots /skɒts/ /ˈskɔts/ pn
Albainis
A Germanic language closely related to English and descended from northern dialects of Middle English, spoken in parts of Scotland, now especially in the northeastern and southern regions of the country.

Scotsman /ˈskɑts.mən/ Scotsmen n
Albanach
A man from Scotland; a Scot.

Scottish /ˈskɑ.ɾɪʃ/ /ˈskɒt.ɪʃ/ /ˈskɔt.ɪʃ/ [ˈskɔɾ.ɪʃ] more Scottish most Scottish adj
Albanach
Of a thing or concept, of or pertaining to Scotland.

Scottish English pn
Béarla Albanach Béarla na hAlban
A variety of the English language that is spoken mostly in Scotland.

Scottish Gaelic pn
Gaeilge na hAlban
The Gaelic language of Scotland, spoken primarily in the northern and western parts of the country, with important communities in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Scottish Gaelic had its widest influence between 800 and 1200 C.E., as place names throughout Scotland attest.

Scutum pn
Sciath Sciath Sobieski
(constellation) A small autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a shield. It lies between the constellations of Aquila, Sagittarius, and the tail of Serpens.

Scythia /ˈsɪði.ə/ /ˈsɪθi.ə/ pn
an Scitia
(historical) A region of Central Eurasia in the classical era, encompassing parts of the Pontic steppe, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, inhabited by nomadic Scythians from at least the 11th century BCE to the 2nd century CE.

Scythian /ˈsɪði.ən/ /ˈsɪθi.ən/ more Scythian most Scythian adj
Scitiach
Of or relating to Scythia (a region of Central Eurasia in the classical era) or its inhabitants.

Scythian /ˈsɪði.ən/ /ˈsɪθi.ən/ Scythians n
Scitiach Scitiaigh
An inhabitant of Scythia.

Scythian /ˈsɪði.ən/ /ˈsɪθi.ən/ pn
Scitis
The Eastern Iranian language of Scythians.

Sea of Azov /ˈsiː əv ˈɑːzɒv/ pn
Muir Mheoid
A very shallow sea bounded by Russia, Ukraine, and the Crimean peninsula, linked to the Black Sea by the Strait of Kerch.

Sea of Japan pn
Muir na Seapáine
The body of water between Japan, Sakhalin, the Asian continent, and Jeju Island.

Sea of Marmara pn
Muir Mharmara
A deep inland sea in north-western Turkey connecting the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea via the straits of Bosphorus and Dardanelles.

Sea of Okhotsk /ˌsiː əv əˈxɒtsk/ pn
Muir Ocatsc
A sea between the Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, the island of Hokkaidō to the far south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a long stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north.

Secretary General Secretaries General n
Ard-Rúnaí
The chief administrator of an international body such as NATO or the United Nations.

Seine /seɪn/ /sɛn/ pn
An tSéin
A former department of France, the capital city of which was Paris.

Semite /ˈsiː.maɪt/ /ˈsɛm.aɪt/ /ˈsɪm.aɪt/ Semites n
Seimíteach
A member of any of a number of peoples of ancient southwestern Asia and East Africa such as the Akkadians, Assyrians, Arameans, Phoenicians, Canaanites, Hebrews, Arabs, or Aksumites.
A descendant of any of these peoples.

Semitic /səˈmɪt.ɪk/ [səˈmɪɾ.ɪk] adj
Seimíteach
Of or pertaining to the Semites; of or pertaining to one or more Semitic peoples.

Semitism Semitisms n
Seimíteachas

Senegal /ˌsɛn.ɪ.ˈɡɑːl/ /ˌsɛn.ɪ.ˈɡɔːl/ pn
Seineagáil
A country in West Africa. Official name: Republic of Senegal.

Senegalese /ˌsɛ.nə.ɡəˈliːz/ more Senegalese most Senegalese adj
Seineagálach
Of, from, or pertaining to Senegal or the Senegalese people.

Senegalese /ˌsɛ.nə.ɡəˈliːz/ Senegalese n
Seineagálach
A person from Senegal or of Senegalese descent.

Seoul /soʊl/ /səʊl/ pn
Súl
The capital city of South Korea, also the historical capital of Korea from 1394 until the country was divided in 1945.

September /səpˈtɛmbə/ /səpˈtɛmbɚ/ /sɛpˈtɛmbə/ /sɛpˈtɛmbɚ/ Septembers pn
Meán Fómhair Méan Fómhair
The ninth month of the Gregorian calendar, following August and preceding October. Abbreviations: Sep or Sep., Sept or Sept.

Serb /ˈsɜːb/ /ˈsɝb/ Serbs n
Seirbiach
A person of Serb descent (not necessarily from Serbia). (Compare Serbian.)

Serbia /ˈsɜː.bi.ə/ /ˈsɝ.bi.ə/ pn
Seirbia
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Serbia. Capital and largest city: Belgrade. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992, then part of Serbia and Montenegro until 2006.

Serbian /ˈsɜː(ɹ)biːən/ adj
Seirbiach
Of, from, or pertaining to Serbia and Serbians.
Seirbise
Of or pertaining to Serbian language.

Serbian /ˈsɜː(ɹ)biːən/ Serbians n
Seirbis
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs.
Seirbiach Serbiach
(historical) Serbo-Croatian in general, as spoken in Serbia.

Serbo-Croatian /ˌsɜː(ɹ)bəʊkɹəʊˈeɪʃən/ pn
Seirbea-Chróitis
The South Slavic language of which Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian are literary standards.

Serpens /ˈsɚpənz/ pn
Péist
(constellation) A large summer constellation of the northern sky said to resemble a snake. It is the only constellation consisting of two parts (Serpens Caput and Serpens Cauda) separated by the constellation Ophiuchus, representing the snake handler Asclepius.

Sesotho /səˈsoʊtoʊ/ /səˈsutu/ /sɛ̀.sʉ́.tʰʉ̀/ adj
Basútach
In or pertaining to the Sesotho language.
Pertaining to the Basotho people or culture, or language.

Seventh-day Adventist Church pn
Eaglais Aidbhinteach an 7ú Lá
A Protestant Christian denomination that observes Saturday as the Sabbath

Severn /ˈsev.ən/ /ˈsɛv.ə(ɹ)n/ /ˈsɛv.ɚn/ pn
Sabhrainn
A number of other rivers in Australia, New Zealand and the United States.

Seville /səˈvɪl/ pn
Sevilla
The capital city of Andalusia, Spain.

Sextans pn
Seiseamhán
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a sextant. It lies south of the constellation of Leo.

Seychelles /seɪˈʃɛl/ /seɪˈʃɛlz/ /ˈseɪʃɛl/ /ˈseɪʃɛlz/ pn
Poblacht na Séiséal Séiséil
An archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean. Official name: Republic of Seychelles.

Seychellois adj
Séiséalach
From, or pertaining to, Seychelles.

Seychellois Seychellois n
Séiséalach
Someone from the Seychelles, or of Seychellois descent.

Shanghai /ʃæŋˈhaɪ/ /ʃɑŋˈhaɪ/ /ˈʃæŋ.haɪ/ pn
Shang-hai
A major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China.

Shanghainese pn
Seangaidhnis
A dialect of Wu spoken predominantly in Shanghai.

Shannon /ˈʃænən/ pn
Sionainn
A en given name (from the river); first used in the USA in early 20th century, and only recently in Ireland.

Shapiro /ʃəˈpaɪɹoʊ/ /ʃəˈpɪəɹəʊ/ /ʃəˈpɪɹoʊ/ Shapiros pn
Sapíró
A surname from Yiddish.

Sheila pn
Síle
A en given name.

Shetland Islands pn
Inse Shealtainn Sealtainn
A group of islands of Scotland, roughly north-east of the Orkney Islands.

Shetland pony Shetland ponies n
capaillín Sealtannach sealtaí
A small horse of a breed originally from the Shetland Islands

Shetlander adj
Sealtannach
From, or related to, the Shetland Islands.

Shiba Inu /ˌʃiːbə ˈiːnuː/ n
síbionú Seapánach
A dog of a small, agile Japanese breed originally used for hunting.

Shillelagh pn
Síol Éalaigh
A village in County Wicklow, Ireland.

Shiva /ˈʃiːvə/ /ˈʃɪvə/ pn
Síve
(Hinduism) The god of destruction and transformation, and together with Brahma and Vishnu, one of the principal deities in Hinduism. Within Shaivism he is viewed as the Supreme deity, whereas in other branches of Hinduism such as the Smarta tradition he is worshipped as one of the six manifestations of the Divine.

Shrove Tuesday Shrove Tuesdays n
Máirt Inide Máirt na hInide
The day before the beginning of Lent on Ash Wednesday.

Shrovetide Shrovetides n
an Inid
The three days immediately preceding Lent; Shrove Sunday, Shrove Monday, and Shrove Tuesday, preceding Ash Wednesday.

Siberia [saɪˈbɪəɹɪə] [saɪˈbɪɹiə] pn
Sibéir
The region of Russia in Asia, stretching from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean.

Siberian [saɪˈbɪəɹɪən] [saɪˈbɪɹiən] adj
Sibéarach
Of or relating to Siberia.

Siberian [saɪˈbɪəɹɪən] [saɪˈbɪɹiən] Siberians n
Sibéarach
(ethnology) A person from Siberia.

Siberian flying squirrel Siberian flying squirrels n
iora eitilte Sibéarach
A species of flying squirrel (Pteromys volans), common in Siberia and northeastern Europe.

Siberian jay Siberian jays n
scréachóg earr-rua
A jay widespread in northern Eurasia, Perisoreus infaustus

Sicilian /sɪˈsɪljən/ /sɪˈsɪlɪən/ pn
an tSicilis
The language of Sicily.

Sicily /ˈsɪsəli/ /ˈsɪsɪli/ Sicilies pn
Sicil
The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily.

Silesia /saɪˈliʒə/ /saɪˈliːziə/ /saɪˈliːʃə/ pn
Siléis
A region in central Europe, now chiefly in Poland, with small portions in the Czech Republic and Germany, from early modernity until 1945 predominantly German-speaking with Slavic-speaking minorities (and local majorities).

Silk Road pn
Bóthar an tSíoda
(historical) An extensive interconnected network of trade routes across Asia, North and Northeast Africa, and Europe, historically used by silk traders.

Silurian /saɪˈlʊəɹ.iː.ən/ more Silurian most Silurian adj
siolúrach
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises the Llandovery, Wenlock, Ludlow and Pridoli epochs from about 439 to 409 million years ago.

Silurian /saɪˈlʊəɹ.iː.ən/ pn
an Siolúrach
(geology) The Silurian period.

Simon /ˈsaɪmən/ Simons pn
Síomón
Name of any of a number of men in the New Testament, notably the original name of Apostle Peter.
A en given name.
A surname originating as a patronymic.

Simon says n
Deir Ó Grádaigh
(games) A children's game where players must carry out only those commands that are preceded by the utterance "Simon says".

Simplified Chinese pn
Sínis shimplithe carachtar simplithe
Chinese written using the forms of Chinese characters introduced by the PRC as script reform. The characters are simplified (with a reduced number of strokes, etc.) compared to their pre-reform shapes.

Sinai /ˈsaɪˌnaɪ/ /ˈsiˌnaɪ/ pn
Leithinis Shíonáí Síonáí
A peninsula in eastern Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia.
Sliabh Shíonáí Síonáí
A mountain in Sinai Peninsula; the location where Moses is said to have received the Ten Commandments from God.

Singapore /sɪŋəˈpɔː/ /sɪŋɡəˈpɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪŋəpoɹ/ /ˈsɪŋəpɔː/ /ˈsɪŋɡəpɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪŋʌ-/ pn
Singeapór
An island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony. Official name: Republic of Singapore.

Singapore dollar Singapore dollars n
dollar Shingeapór
The official currency of Singapore.

Singaporean /ˌsɪŋ(ɡ)əˈpɔːɹi.ən/ adj
Singeapórach
Of, from, or pertaining to Singapore or its people or language.

Singaporean /ˌsɪŋ(ɡ)əˈpɔːɹi.ən/ Singaporeans n
Singeapórach
A person from Singapore or of Singaporean descent.

Sinhalese /sɪnhəˈliːz/ /sɪnəˈliːz/ more Sinhalese most Sinhalese adj
Siolónach
Of or pertaining to the majority ethnic group of Sri Lanka, their Indo-Aryan language, or their culture.

Sinhalese /sɪnhəˈliːz/ /sɪnəˈliːz/ Sinhalese n
Siolónach
(countable) A Sinhalese person: a member of the majority ethnic group of Sri Lanka.
Siolóinis
(uncountable) The Indo-Aryan language of the Sinhalese people.

Sinn Féin /ʃɪn ˈfeɪn/ pn
Sinn Féin
(Irish politics) An Irish political party committed to the reunification of Ireland.

Sino- /ˈsaɪnoʊ/ /ˈsaɪnɒ/ /ˈsaɪnəʊ/ /ˈsɪnɒ/ /ˈsɪnəʊ/ prefix
Sín-
A combining form relating to China or the Chinese, in those terms' various senses.

Sino-Tibetan /ˌsaɪnəʊtɪˈbɛtən/ /ˌsɪnəʊtɪˈbɛtən/ adj
Sín-Tibéadach Sín-Tibéidise
Of, or relating to, both China and Tibet

Sinophone Sinophones n
Síniseoir
A person who speaks one or more of the Sinitic or Chinese language(s), usually natively; a Chinese-speaking person.

Sirius /ˈsɪɹi.əs/ pn
Réalta an Mhadra

Sistine adj
Sistíneach
Of or pertaining to Pope Sixtus.

Sivan pn
Síveán
(Judaism) The ninth month of the civil year and the third month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Iyar and before Tammuz.

Six Counties pn
na Sé Chontae
(Ireland, informal) The six Irish counties that form Northern Ireland.

Skopje /ˈskɔpjɛ/ pn
Scóipé
The capital city of North Macedonia.

Skye pn
Sciathánach
The largest island of the Inner Hebrides, in Highland council area, Scotland; the Isle of Skye.

Slav /slæv/ /slɑːv/ Slavi Slavs n
Slavacha
A member of any of the peoples of Europe who speak the Slavic languages.

Slavic /ˈslævɪk/ /ˈslɑːvɪk/ more Slavic most Slavic adj
Slavach Slavónach
Of the Slavs, their culture or the branch of the Indo-European languages associated with them.

Slavonia pn
Slavóin
In early modern times: Kingdom of Slavonia, covering north-eastern parts of modern Croatia and region of Syrmia in modern Serbia.

Slavonic /sləˈvɑ.nɪk/ /sləˈvɒ.nɪk/ adj
Slavónach
Of, denoting, or relating to Slavonia and its inhabitants.

Slavonic /sləˈvɑ.nɪk/ /sləˈvɒ.nɪk/ pn
Slavais
(dated) The unrecorded ancient language from which all of these languages developed.

Sliabh Luachra /ˌsliːəv ˈluːəxɹə/ pn
Sliabh Luachra
A region of Ireland, straddling the county boundaries of Cork, Kerry, and Limerick, noted for its traditional music, poetry and dance.

Slieve Donard /ˌsliv ˈdɑnɚd/ /ˌsliːv ˈdɒnəd/ pn
Sliabh Dónairt
A mountain in County Down, Northern Ireland, the highest peak in Northern Ireland.

Sligo /ˈslaɪɡəʊ/ pn
Contae Shligigh Sligeach
A county of Ireland.
Sligeach
A town in County Sligo, Ireland.

Slovak /sləˈvæk/ /sləˈvɑːk/ /ˈsloʊvæk/ /ˈsloʊvɑːk/ adj
Slóvacach
Of, from, or pertaining to Slovakia, the Slovak people or the Slovak language.

Slovak /sləˈvæk/ /sləˈvɑːk/ /ˈsloʊvæk/ /ˈsloʊvɑːk/ Slovaks n
Slóvacach
(countable) A person from Slovakia or of Slovak descent.
Slóvaicis
(uncountable) The Slavic language of Slovakia.

Slovak Republic pn
Poblacht na Slóvaice
The official name of Slovakia.

Slovakia /sloʊˈvæ.ki.ə/ /sloʊˈvɑ.ki.ə/ /sləʊˈvæ.ki.ə/ /sləʊˈvɑː.ki.ə/ pn
Slóvaic
A country in Central Europe. Official name: Slovak Republic. Capital and largest city: Bratislava.

Slovene /sləˈviːn/ /ˈsləʊviːn/ adj
Slóivéanach
Of or pertaining to Slovenia, the Slovenes or the Slovene language.

Slovene /sləˈviːn/ /ˈsləʊviːn/ Slovenes n
Slóivéanach
A person from Slovenia.

Slovene /sləˈviːn/ /ˈsləʊviːn/ pn
Slóivéinis
The official language of Slovenia.

Slovenia /sloʊˈvi.ni.ə/ /sloʊˈvin.jə/ /sləʊˈviː.ni.ə/ /sləʊˈviːn.jə/ pn
Slóivéin An tSlóvéin
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe. Official name: Republic of Slovenia. Capital and largest city: Ljubljana. Part of Yugoslavia until 1991.

Smith /smɪθ/ Smiths pn
Mac Gabhann
A river in California, United States, flowing from the Klamath Mountains into the Pacific.

Snow White /snoʊ (h)waɪt/ /snəʊ waɪt/ Snow Whites pn
Sneachta Bán
A fictional character in the fairy tale Snow-White and Rose-Red, from Schneeweißchen und Rosenrot collected by the Brothers Grimm.

Socialist Republic of Vietnam pn
Poblacht Shóisialach Vítneam
Official name of Vietnam.

Sofia /sɒˈfiːə/ /ˈsoʊfijə/ /ˈsoʊfiə/ /ˈsəʊfi.ə/ pn
Sóifia
The capital city of Bulgaria.

Solar System /ˈsoʊ.lɚ ˌsɪs.təm/ /ˈsəʊl.ə ˌsɪs.təm/ pn
grianchóras Grianchóras
(astronomy) The Sun and all the heavenly bodies that orbit around it, including the eight planets, their moons, the asteroids, and comets.

Solomon Islands /ˈsɑ.lə.mən ˈaɪ.ləndz/ /ˈsɒl.ə.mən ˈaɪ.ləndz/ /ˈsɒləmən ˈaɪləndz/ pn
Oileáin Sholomón
A country consisting of the majority of the Solomon Islands archipelago in Melanesia, in Oceania, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands. Official name: Solomon Islands. Capital and largest city: Honiara.

Solomon's seal Solomon's seals n
áglus
Any flowering plant of the genus Polygonatum, especially Polygonatuym multiflorum.

Somali /soʊˈmɑːli/ /səˈmɑːli/ adj
Somálach
Of, from, or pertaining to Somalia, the Somali people or language.

Somali /soʊˈmɑːli/ /səˈmɑːli/ Somalis n
Somáilis
(uncountable) A Cushitic language spoken mainly in Somalia and eastern Ethiopia.
Somálach
(countable) A person from Somalia or of Somali descent.

Somalia /səˈmɑːliə/ pn
Somáil
A country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa. Official name: Federal Republic of Somalia. Capital: Mogadishu.

Somaliland pn
Críoch Shomáile
A region of East Africa that comprises Somalia, Djibouti, and parts of Ethiopia.

Son of God pn
Athair-Mhac

Song of Songs pn
Laoi na Laoithe
(biblical) The twenty-second book of the Christian Old Testament and the seventeenth book of the Hebrew Bible.

Sorbian /ˈsɔːbi.ən/ /ˈsɔːɹbi.ən/ pn
Soirbis
A group of Slavic languages spoken by a minority in eastern Germany.

South Souths pn
theas
(US) The south-eastern states of the United States, including many of the same states as formed the Confederacy.

South Africa /ˌsaʊθ ˈæf.ɹɪ.kə/ [sɑɤ̯ˈθɛ̞frɘkə] pn
Afraic Theas An Afraic Theas
A country in Southern Africa. Official name: Republic of South Africa. Capitals: Pretoria, Cape Town, and Bloemfontein.

South African /ˌsaʊθˈaf.ɹɪ.kən/ adj
Afracach Theas
Of, from, or pertaining to South Africa, or the South African people.

South African /ˌsaʊθˈaf.ɹɪ.kən/ South Africans n
Afracach Theas
A person from South Africa or of South African descent.

South America /ˌsaʊθ əˈmɛɹɪkə/ pn
Meiriceá Theas
The continent that is the southern part of the Americas. It is east of the Pacific Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, south of North America and north of Antarctica.

South China Sea pn
Muir na Síne Theas
The western arm of the Pacific Ocean, between the Asian mainland and Taiwan, Borneo and the Philippines.

South Korea pn
Cóiré Theas Chóiré Theas
A country in East Asia, comprising the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Official name: Republic of Korea. Capital: Seoul.

South Ossetia pn
an Oiséit Theas
A disputed region in the South Caucasus. Formally recognized as a part of Georgia by most countries, but de facto an independent country fully named Republic of South Ossetia, with capital city Tskhinvali.

South Pole /ˌsaʊθ ˈpoʊl/ /ˌsaʊθ ˈpəʊl/ pn
Mol Theas Pol Theas
(geography) The Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole; the point which south is oriented towards, and therefore the southernmost point on Earth (having a latitude of -90°).

South Sudan /ˌsaʊθ suˈdæn/ pn
Súdáin Theas
A country in East Africa. Official name: Republic of South Sudan, formerly the southern part of Sudan.

South Tyrol pn
an Tioróil Theas
A predominantly German-speaking autonomous province of north-east Italy (until 1919 part of Austria, since 1972 under a special autonomy statute).

South West Africa pn
Afraic Thiar Theas
(historical) A former province of South Africa, which gained independence in 1990 and was renamed to Namibia.

Southern Altai pn
Altaeis an Deiscirt
A Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic, Russia on the border of Mongolia and the People's Republic of China. There is no mutual intelligibility with Northern Altai.

Southern Cross /ˌsʌðə(ɹ)n ˈkɹɒs/ pn
Cros an Deiscirt Cros
(constellation) A distinctive winter constellation of the southern sky, shaped like a cross, which appears in the flags of several countries in Oceania.

Southern Hemisphere Southern Hemispheres n
leathsféar theas
The hemisphere of the Earth (or any celestial body) to the south of its equator.

Southern Ireland pn
Deisceart Éireann
The short-lived autonomous region of the United Kingdom established on 3 May 1921 and dissolved on 6 December 1922, superseded by the Irish Free State.

Southern Ocean pn
Aigéan Antartach
The portion of the World Ocean surrounding Antarctica, variously taken as the waters south of the Antarctic Circle, the waters south of 60° S, or the waters bounded by the Antarctic Convergence.

Soviet Union /ˈsoʊviət ˈjuːnjən/ /ˈsɒviət ˈjuːniən/ /ˈsəʊvɪət ˈjuːniən/ pn
an tAontas Sóivéadach
Ellipsis of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
(informal) The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

Spain /speɪn/ /spæɪn/ pn
Spáinn An Spáinn
A country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula. Official name: Kingdom of Spain. Capital and largest city: Madrid.

Spanish /ˈspæn.ɪʃ/ adj
Spáinnis Spáinneach
Of or pertaining to the people or culture of Spain.

Spanish /ˈspæn.ɪʃ/ Spanishes pn
Spáinnis
(uncountable) A Romance language primarily spoken in Spain and in the Americas.

Spanish Water Dog /ˌspænɪʃ ˈwɔtɚ dɔɡ/ /ˌspænɪʃ ˈwɔːtə dɒɡ/ Spanish Water Dogs n
uisceadóir Spáinneach
A herding water dog originating in Spain.

Spanish sparrow Spanish sparrows n
gealbhan Easpáinneach
Passer hispaniolensis, a small passerine bird in the family Passeridae

Sparta /ˈspɑː(ɹ)tə/ pn
Sparta
An ancient city-state in southern Greece, noted for its strict military training.

Spartacus /ˈspɑːtəkəs/ /ˈspɑːɹtəkəs/ pn
Spartachas
A Thracian name, notably borne by a gladiator who was one of the slave leaders in a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic.

Spica pn
Spica
(star) A binary star in the constellation Virgo; alpha (α) Virginis.

Spiritism pn
spioradachas
A philosophical doctrine, established in France in the mid nineteenth century, postulating that humans are essentially immortal spirits that temporarily inhabit physical bodies, and may have influence on the physical world.

Sranan Tongo pn
Criól Shuranam Suranaimis
A creole language spoken as a first language by approximately 126,000 people in Suriname, the mother tongue of the Creoles.

Sri Lanka /sɹ/ /sɹiˈlæŋkə/ /sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/ /ʃɹ/ /ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/ pn
Srí Lanca
An island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India. Official name: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Capital: Colombo.

St George's Channel pn
Muir Bhreatan
The channel connecting the Irish Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest.

St. Elmo's fire St. Elmo's fires n
gealán San Elmo
An electrical discharge, or corona, seen around pointed objects, caused by ionization of the atmosphere during storms.

St. John's wort /seɪnt ˈd͡ʒɑnz wɝt/ /sən(t) ˈd͡ʒɒnz wɜːt/ St. John's worts n
luibh Eoin Baiste
Any of several plants, of the genus Hypericum, especially Hypericum perforatum, that have yellow flowers and traditionally ward off evil.

St. Patrick's Day pn
Lá Fhéile Pádraig
A Roman Catholic holiday commemorating Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland on 17th March.

St. Stephen's Day /sənt ˈstiːvənz deɪ/ St. Stephen's Days pn
Lá 'le Stiofáin Lá Fhéile Stiofáin
(Christianity) A Christian holiday commemorating Saint Stephen the protomartyr (first Christian martyr; died 34 C.E.), falling immediately after Christmas Day (on December 26 in the Western Church and on December 27 in the Eastern Orthodox Church).

Stalin /ˈstɑː.lɪn/ pn
Iósaf Stailín
A surname from Russian; usually referring to the Russian [empire, republic] revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Joseph Stalin.

Star of Bethlehem pn
Réalta na Beithile
(Biblical) The bright star in the Gospel of Matthew that lead the "wise men from the East" to travel to Bethlehem.

Star of David Stars of David pn
Réalta Dháiví
A symbol of Jewish identity and Judaism, having the shape of a hexagram, the compound of two equilateral triangles.

State of Eritrea pn
Stát na hEiritré
The official name of Eritrea, a country in East Africa.

State of Israel pn
Stát Iosrael
The official name of Israel.

State of Kuwait pn
Stát Chuáit
The official name of Kuwait.

State of Libya pn
Stát Libia
The official name of Libya.

State of Qatar pn
Stát Chatar
official name of Qatar

Statue of Liberty pn
Dealbh na Saoirse
A very large statue in New York harbor, representing the Roman goddess Libertas, and considered emblematic of the United States and its attractiveness to voluntary immigrants.

Stephen /ˈstiːvən/ /ˈstɛfən/ pn
Steafán Stiofán
A en given name.

Stigmata pn
stiogmata
(religion, Christianity) bodily marks or sores, corresponding in location to the crucifixion wounds of Christ; supposed to occur during states of religious ecstasy or hysteria, and sometimes reported to bleed periodically

Stockholm /ˈstɒkhoʊ(l)m/ /ˈstɒkhɒlm/ pn
Stócólm
A municipality, the capital and largest city of Sweden; county seat of Stockholm County, Sweden.

Stone Age /ˈstoʊn ˌeɪdʒ/ /ˈstəʊn ˌeɪdʒ/ pn
Clochaois
(archaeology, paleontology) A broad prehistoric period during which humans widely used stone for toolmaking.
clochaois
(figuratively, informal) Any extremely primitive or undeveloped era.
(figuratively) The time a particular field was introduced and was in its earliest stages of development.

Stonehenge /stoʊ̯nˈhɛnd͡ʒ/ /stəʊ̯nˈhɛnd͡ʒ/ pn
Cór an Curadhí
An ancient group of standing stones on Salisbury Plain in Amesbury parish, Wiltshire, England (OS grid ref SU1242).

Strait of Dover pn
Caolas Dover
A strait in the English Channel, connecting to the North Sea, between Dover (England) and Calais (France)

Strait of Gibraltar pn
Caol Giobráltar
A strait between Spain and Morocco, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

Strathspey /stɹaθˈspeː/ /stɹæθˈspeɪ/ pn
Srath Spé
The area encompassing the upper part of the strath (valley) of Scotland’s River Spey in Highland council area, from its source in Loch Spey to the strath’s capital, Grantown-on-Spey.

Sudan /suˈdæn/ /suˈdɑn/ /suːˈdɑːn/ /sʉːˈdæn/ /sʉːˈdɐːn/ Sudans pn
Súdáin An tSúdáin
Republic of the Sudan, since 1955

Sudanese /suː.de.niːz/ adj
Súdánach
Of, from, or pertaining to the country of Sudan, or the Sudanese people.

Sudanese /suː.de.niːz/ Sudanese n
Súdánach
A person from Sudan or of Sudanese descent.

Sulawesi pn
Sulaivéis
An island in Indonesia, the world's eleventh-largest island.

Sultanate of Oman pn
Sabhdánacht Óman
The official name of Oman.

Sumer /ˈsuː.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈsuː.mɚ/ pn
an tSuiméir
Earliest known civilization of the ancient Near East (4th to 3rd millennia BC), located in lower Mesopotamia.

Sun /sʌn/ pn
Ghrian Grian
The star at the center of the Solar System (our solar system), which shines in our sky, represented in astronomy and astrology by ☉.

Sunday /ˈsʌn.deɪ/ /ˈsʌn.di/ adv
Dé Domhnaigh
(US, Canada, informal in UK) On Sunday.

Sunday /ˈsʌn.deɪ/ /ˈsʌn.di/ Sundays n
Domhnach An Domhnach
The first day of the week in many religious traditions, and the seventh day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 standard; the Christian Sabbath; the Lord's Day; it follows Saturday and precedes Monday.

Sunday school Sunday schools n
scoil Domhnaigh
A school, organized by a church, that provides religious education to children on Sundays.

Suriname /ˈsʊə.ɹɪ.næm/ /ˈsʊɹ.ɪ.næm/ /ˈsʊɹ.ɪ.nɑm/ /ˌsjʊə.ɹɪˈnæm/ /ˌsʊə.ɹɪˈnæm/ /ˌsʊɹ.ɪˈnɑm/ pn
Suranam
A country in South America. Official name: Republic of Suriname. Capital and largest city: Paramaribo.

Susanna pn
Súsanna
(biblical character) A follower of Jesus (Luke 8:3)

Swabia /ˈsweɪbi.ə/ pn
an Suáib an Sváib
(historical) A historical region in Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, Germany.

Swahili /swɑˈhili/ /swəˈhili/ /swəˈhiːli/ pn
Ciosvahaílis Svahaílis
An agglutinative language of the Bantu branch widely spoken in East Africa. Born in its modern form from the hybridization of the Arabic and Bantu cultures, it was the language of the traders in East Africa, and spread along the routes of trade.

Swazi adj
Suasach Suasalannach
Of, from, or pertaining to Swaziland/Eswatini, the Swazi people or the Swazi language.

Swazi Swazi Swazis n
Suasach Suasalannach
A person from Swaziland/Eswatini or of Swazi/Swati descent originally migrating from Central Africa.

Swazi pn
Suaisis
A Bantu language primarily spoken in Swaziland/Eswatini and the South African regions adjacent to it.

Swaziland /ˈswɑːziˌlænd/ pn
Suasalainn Suasalainne Suasalannach
(historical) The former name of Eswatini, a country in Southern Africa.

Swede /swiːd/ Swedes n
Sualannach
A person from Sweden or of Swedish descent.

Sweden /ˈswi.dən/ /ˈswiː.dən/ pn
Sualainn An tSualainn
A country in Scandinavia in Europe. Official name: Kingdom of Sweden

Swedish /ˈswiː.dɪʃ/ adj
Sualannach
Of or pertaining to Sweden.

Swedish /ˈswiː.dɪʃ/ Swedishes pn
sualainnis Sualainnis
The language of Sweden and Åland (an autonomous part of Finland). Swedish is also one of the two official languages of Finland, spoken by 6% of the citizens. A very small minority in Estonia has Swedish as their mother tongue.

Swiss /swɪs/ more Swiss most Swiss adj
Eilvéiseach
Of, from, or pertaining to Switzerland or the Swiss people.

Swiss /swɪs/ Swiss Swisses n
Eilvéiseach
(countable) A person from Switzerland or of Swiss descent.

Swiss Army knife Swiss Army knives n
scian airm Eilvéiseach
Any of a class of multi-function pocket knives or multitools, having a blade and various tools, such as screwdrivers and can openers.

Swiss Confederation pn
Cónaidhm na hEilvéise
The full official name of Switzerland.

Swiss German pn
Gearmáinis Eilvéiseach Gearmáinis na hEilvéise
The varieties of Alemannic German spoken in Switzerland.

Swiss cheese n
cáis Eilvéiseach
(colloquial) By extension, any cheese which resembles Emmentaler, especially ones with holes.

Swiss franc Swiss francs n
franc Eilvéiseach franc na hEilvéise
The currency of Switzerland, divided into 100 centimes, currency code CHF.

Swiss roll Swiss rolls n
rollóg Eilvéiseach
A type of sponge cake rolled up into a cylinder, typically but not exclusively with jam or chocolate filling.

Switzerland /ˈswɪt.sə.lənd/ /ˈswɪt.sɚ.lənd/ pn
Eilvéis An Eilvéis
A country in Western Europe and Central Europe. Official name: Swiss Confederation. Capital: Bern (de facto).

Swords /sɔː(ɹ)dz/ pn
Sord Sord Cholm Cille
A town in Fingal, County Dublin, Ireland

Sydney /ˈsɪd.ni/ Sydneys pn
Sidní
(uncountable) A major port city, the state capital of New South Wales, Australia, and the most populous city in Australia.

Sydney Opera House pn
Áras Ceoldrámaíochta Sydney
A multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Synoptic adj
sionoptach
Relating to the first three Gospels of the New Testament — Matthew, Mark, and Luke — which are similar in style and content.

Syracuse /ˈsɛɹəkjus/ /ˈsɪɹəkjuːz/ Syracuses pn
Syracuse
Syracuse University (in New York)

Syria /ˈsɪɹi.ə/ pn
an tSiria Siria
(historical) Syria (an ancient region in the Levant in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern country of Syria).

Syrian Arab Republic pn
Poblacht Arabach na Siria
The official name of Syria.

Székesfehérvár pn
Szekesfervahr
A city in Hungary.

T-junction T-junctions n
T-acomhal
An intersection of routes where one road terminates as it joins a (usually higher priority) road at approximately 90°. In most countries, a give way or stop road sign will be seen at a T-junction.
A similarly shaped section in a pipe, etc.

T-shirt /ˈtiːʃɚt/ /ˈtiːʃɜːt/ T-shirts n
t-léine
A lightweight shirt without buttons, usually with short sleeves and no collar. Often made of cotton and frequently bears a picture or slogan.

T-square T-squares n
crosbhacart
A rule with a short perpendicular crosspiece at one end, used by draughtsmen to draw parallel lines.

Taiwan /ˌtaɪˈwæn/ /ˌtaɪˈwɑn/ /ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ /ˌtaɪˈwɒn/ pn
Téaváin
A country in East Asia. Official name: Republic of China. Capital: Taipei. [from 20th c.]
Formósa
An island between the Taiwan Strait and Philippine Sea in East Asia. [1600s]

Taiwan Strait pn
Caolas na Téaváine
The strait dividing mainland Asia (China) from Taiwan island and connecting the East and South China Seas.

Taiwanese /taɪwəˈniːz/ /ˌtaɪwɑˈniːz/ more Taiwanese most Taiwanese adj
Téavánach
Of or pertaining to Taiwan.

Taiwanese /taɪwəˈniːz/ /ˌtaɪwɑˈniːz/ Taiwanese n
Téavánach
A person from Taiwan; usually plural.

Tajik /tæˈd͡ʒiːk/ /ˈtɑːd͡ʒɪk/ adj
Táidsíceastánach
Of, from, or pertaining to Tajikistan, the Tajik people (living in Tajikistan and Afghanistan) or the Tajiki dialect of Persian.

Tajik /tæˈd͡ʒiːk/ /ˈtɑːd͡ʒɪk/ Tajiks n
Táidsíceastánach
A person from Tajikistan or of Tajik descent.

Tajik /tæˈd͡ʒiːk/ /ˈtɑːd͡ʒɪk/ pn
Taidsícis
The Persian dialect spoken in Tajikistan.

Tajikistan pn
Táidsíceastáin
A country in Central Asia. Official name: Republic of Tajikistan. Capital: Dushanbe.

Tallinn /ˈtælɪn/ /ˈtɑːlɪn/ pn
Tallinn
The capital city of Estonia.

Tamil Nadu pn
Tamil Nadu
A state in southern India. Capital: Chennai.

Tanganyika /tæŋɡənˈjiːkə/ /tæŋɡəˈniːkə/ pn
Loch Tanganyika
Synonym of Lake Tanganyika, a lake in Africa.

Tanzania /ˌtænzəˈniːə/ pn
Tansáin An Tansáin
A country in East Africa. Official name: United Republic of Tanzania.

Tanzanian /ˌtænzəˈniən/ adj
Tansánach
Of, from, or pertaining to Tanzania, the Tanzanian people or language.

Tanzanian /ˌtænzəˈniən/ Tanzanians n
Tansánach
A person from Tanzania or of Tanzanian descent.

Taoiseach /-ʃək/ /ˈtiʃi/ /ˈtiʃək/ /ˈtiːʃi/ /ˈtiːʃəx/ [-sʲəx] Taoiseachs Taoisigh n
Taoiseach
(Irish politics) The head of the government of Ireland, comparable to a prime minister of a Commonwealth of Nations country.

Tara /ˈtæɹə/ /ˈtɑːɹə/ /ˈtɛəɹə/ pn
Teamhair
An Irish place name, associated with the Hill of Tara, seat of ancient Irish kings.

Tashkent /ˌtæʃˈkɛnt/ /ˌtɑːʃˈkɛnt/ pn
Tashkent Taiscint
The capital city of Uzbekistan.

Tasman Sea /ˈtæzmən ˈsiː/ pn
Muir Tasman
A marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It is located between Australia and New Zealand.

Tasmania /tæzˈmeɪniə/ pn
Tasmáin
One of the six federal states of Australia, consisting of one large, eponymous and several much smaller islands, off the eastern part of Australia's south coast, having its capital at Hobart.
The large island of Australia comprising the majority of the state of Tasmania's land area and on which most of its inhabitants live.

Tasmanian devil Tasmanian devils n
diabhal Tasmánach
A medium-sized carnivorous marsupial (Sarcophilus harrisii) found exclusively on the island of Tasmania.

Tasmanian wolf Tasmanian wolves n
faolchú na Tasmáine
thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus)

Tatarstan pn
an Tatair
A republic of eastern Russia. Official name: Republic of Tatarstan. Capital: Kazan.

Taurus /ˈtɑɹəs/ /ˈtɔːɹəs/ pn
an Tarbh
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a bull and containing the star Aldebaran.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the bull, ruled by Venus and covering April 21 - May 21 (tropical astrology) or May 16 - June 15 (sidereal astrology).

Tchaikovsky /t͡ʃaɪˈkɑfski/ pn
Tchaikovsky
A transliteration of the Russian surname Чайко́вский (Čajkóvskij), usually applying to Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.

Telescopium pn
Teileascóp
(constellation) A small faint constellation of the southern winter sky, said to resemble a telescope. It lies south of the constellation of Corona Australis.

Teletext n
fístéacs
(UK, Ireland) A text-based information retrieval system using television sets with a suitable decoder; developed by the BBC.

Telugu /ˈtɛ.lʊ.ɡuː/ pn
Teileagúis
A Dravidian language of India.

Ten Commandments pn
na Deich nAitheanta
(religion) A particular list of religious and moral imperatives which, according to the Old Testament of the Bible or the Hebrew Bible, were twice given or dictated by God to Moses on Mount Sinai and inscribed on two stone tablets.

Tengmalm's owl Tengmalm's owls n
ulchabhán bóireach
A species of owl, Aegolius funereus or Nyctala tengmalmi

Terence /ˈtɛɹəns/ pn
Toirdhealbhach Turlough
A en given name. Popular in the U.K. in the mid-twentieth century.

Teresa /təˈɹiː.sə/ /təˈɹiː.zə/ pn
Treasa
A en given name, the Spanish and Italian form of Theresa.

Tethys /ˈtiːθɪs/ /ˈtɛθɪs/ pn
Téitis
(geology) A large ocean which formerly lay between Eurasia and Africa.
Téiteas
(astronomy) A moon of Saturn.

Teutonic /ˌtjuːˈtɒn.ɪk/ more Teutonic most Teutonic adj
Gearmánach
Relating to the ancient Germanic people, the Teutons.
Having qualities that are regarded as typical of German people.

Texas /ˈtɛk.səs/ /ˈtɛk.sɪs/ /ˈtɛk.sɪz/ pn
Téacsas
A state in the south-central region of the United States. Capital: Austin. Largest city: Houston.

Thai /taɪ/ Thai Thais n
Téalainnis
(uncountable) The main language spoken in Thailand (closely related to Lao).

Thames /tɛmz/ /θeɪmz/ pn
Tamais
A river in southern England, flowing 336 km (209 mi.) from Gloucestershire, through Wiltshire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey and Greater London to the Thames Estuary and North Sea.
A river in the U.S. State of Connecticut flowing 24 km (15 mi.) past New London to Long Island Sound.

Thanksgiving /ˈθæŋksɡɪvɪŋ/ /θæŋksˈɡɪvɪŋ/ Thanksgivings pn
Lá an Altaithe
(Canada, US) The long weekend which includes Thanksgiving Day; Thanksgiving weekend.

The Hague /ðə ˈheɪɡ/ pn
Háig An Háig
A city and capital of South Holland, Netherlands; administrative capital of the Netherlands.

Theban adj
Téibeach
of or pertaining to Thebes

Theodore pn
Téodóir
A en given name; the name of a saint, pope, several emperors, etc.

Theravada pn
Teireaváda
(Buddhism) A sect of Buddhism, whose teachings are based on Buddha's scriptures in the Pali canon, widely practised in Southeast Asia, mainly in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar. It tends to be conservative in contrast to the more liberal Mahayana, rejects reliance on celestial beings, and teaches non-universal salvation.

Thermopylae /θəˈmɒpɪli/ /θɚˈmɑpɪli/ pn
Tearmápalae Bearnas Thearmápalae
A narrow pass on the east-central coast of Greece adjacent to the Maliakos Gulf, northwest of Athens. Its name is derived from its hot sulphur springs. It was the site of the Battle of Thermopylae, at which the Spartan King Leonidas stood off, for a time, the Persian armies of Xerxes.

Thessalonian adj
Teasalónach

Thessalonians /θɛsəˈloʊni.ənz/ pn
Teasalónaigh
(biblical) Books in the New Testament of the Bible (1 Thessalonians and 2 Thessalonians), epistles to the Christians in ancient Thessaloniki.

Thessaloniki /ˌθɛsələˈniːki/ pn
Teasaloinicé
A port city in northern Greece, the capital of the Greek region of Macedonia.

Thessaly /ˈθɛsəli/ pn
an Teasáil
A region in north-central Greece; one of its 13 peripheries. It contains the prefectures of Karditsa, Larissa, Magnesia and Trikala.

Thimphu /tɪmˈpuː/ pn
Thimphu
The capital city of Bhutan.

Third Reich pn
an Tríú Reich
(historical) Synonym of Nazi Germany.

Thomas /ˈtɑ.məs/ /ˈtɒ.məs/ Thomases pn
Tomás
An Apostle, best remembered for doubting the resurrection of Jesus.
A en given name of biblical origin, popular since the 13th century.
A common surname originating as a patronymic.

Thor /θɔɹ/ /θɔː/ pn
Túr
(Norse mythology) A hammer-wielding god associated with thunder, lightning, storms, sacred groves and trees, strength, and the protection of mankind.

Thrace /θɹeɪs/ pn
an Tráicia
A historical and geographic area in southeast Europe, now divided between Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey.

Thracian /ˈθɹeɪʃi.ən/ /ˈθɹeɪʃən/ adj
Tráiciach
of or pertaining to Thrace or the Thracians or the extinct Thracian language.

Thracian /ˈθɹeɪʃi.ən/ /ˈθɹeɪʃən/ Thracians n
Tráiciach Tráiciaigh
(countable) An inhabitant of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity.

Thracian /ˈθɹeɪʃi.ən/ /ˈθɹeɪʃən/ pn
Tráicis
(uncountable) the extinct language formerly spoken in Thrace.

Thuban pn
Túban
(star) α Draconis, a white giant star in the constellation Draco which served as the North Star from about 3942 to 1793 BC.

Thursday /ˈθɘːzdæɪ̯/ /ˈθɜːzdeɪ/ /ˈθɜːzdi/ /ˈθɝzdeɪ/ /ˈθɝzdi/ /ˈθɵːzdæe/ adv
Déardaoin
(US, Canada, informal in UK) On Thursday.

Thursday /ˈθɘːzdæɪ̯/ /ˈθɜːzdeɪ/ /ˈθɜːzdi/ /ˈθɝzdeɪ/ /ˈθɝzdi/ /ˈθɵːzdæe/ Thursdays n
Déardaoin An Déardaoin
The fifth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fourth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Wednesday and precedes Friday.

Tiberius /taɪˈbɪəɹ.i.əs/ /tɪˈbɛɹiʊs/ Tiberiuses pn
Tiberius
(historical) A en given name of mostly historical use, in particular, the praenomen of the second Roman emperor Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus, reigning 14-37 C.E..

Tibet /təˈbɛt/ /tɪˈbɛt/ pn
Tibéid
The Tibetan Plateau, a plateau region in Central Asia, where the Tibetan people traditionally live, encompassing what is now Tibet Autonomous Region (also called Xizang), most of Qinghai, the western half of Sichuan, a small part of Yunnan and a small part of Gansu in the People's Republic of China, and also the country of Bhutan, and the Indian regions of Sikkim and Ladakh.

Tibetan /tɪˈbɛtn̩/ adj
Tibéadach Tibéidis
Pertaining to Tibet, the Tibetan people, culture, or language.

Tibetan /tɪˈbɛtn̩/ Tibetans n
Tibéadach
(countable) A native of Tibet
Tibéadach Tibéidis
(uncountable) A language of Tibet

Tibetan Mastiff Tibetan Mastiffs n
Maistín Tibéadach
A large dog of a breed from Central Asia, having a medium to long double coat in a wide variety of colors, sometimes with white markings around neck, chest, and legs.

Tibetan Plateau pn
Ardchlár na Tibéide
A high altitude plateau north of the Great Himalaya ranges, west of the Szechuan basin, and south of the Taklamakan Desert.

Tibetan antelope Tibetan antelopes n
siorú
An endangered species of antelope, Pantholops hodgsonii, endemic to areas of the Tibetan Plateau.

Timor pn
Tíomór
An island in the Sundas.

Timothy /ˈtɪməθi/ pn
Tiomóid
Either of two books in the New Testament (1 Timothy and 2 Timothy) which are epistles to Timothy.
A companion of Paul mentioned in the Bible.
Tadhg Tiomóid
A en given name of biblical origin, also borne by early Christian saints.

Tipperary /ˌtɪpəˈɹɛəɹi/ pn
Contae Thiobraid Árann Tiobraid Árann
A county of Ireland.
Tiobraid Árann
A town in County Tipperary, Ireland.

Tirana /tɪˈɹɑː.nə/ pn
Tiorána
A municipality, the capital and largest city of Albania, located in the center of the country west of the mountain of Dajti on the plain of Tirana; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality.

Tishrei pn
Tisrí
(Judaism) The first month of the civil year and the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Elul and before Cheshvan.

Titan /ˈtaɪtən/ Titans n
Tíotán
(Greek god) Any of the race of giant gods in Greek mythology that preceded and was overthrown by the Olympian gods.

Titan /ˈtaɪtən/ pn
Tíotán
(astronomy) A moon in Saturn, Solar System. The largest moon of the planet Saturn.

Titus /ˈtaɪtəs/ pn
Títeas Litir Naomh Pól chuig Títeas
The seventeenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle to Titus.
Títeas
Titus Caesar Vespasianus, a Roman Emperor who succeeded Vespasian and preceded Domitian.
A en given name.

Tlingit /ˈ(t)lɪŋɡɪt/ /ˈklɪŋkɪt/ pn
Clincitis
the language of these people

Tobias /təˈbaɪəs/ pn
Tóibias
A en given name.

Tocharian /toʊˈkɑɹi.ən/ /toʊˈkɛɹi.ən/ /təuˈkɑːɹi.ən/ /təuˈkɛəɹi.ən/ adj
Tocárach
Of or pertaining to Tocharian or the Tocharians.

Tocharian /toʊˈkɑɹi.ən/ /toʊˈkɛɹi.ən/ /təuˈkɑːɹi.ən/ /təuˈkɛəɹi.ən/ Tocharians n
Tocárach
Any member of a people who inhabited the Tarim Basin and spoke Tocharian.

Tocharian /toʊˈkɑɹi.ən/ /toʊˈkɛɹi.ən/ /təuˈkɑːɹi.ən/ /təuˈkɛəɹi.ən/ pn
Tocáiris
(linguistics) An extinct branch of the Indo-European language family, consisting of two languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, written in an abugida derived from Brahmi.

Togo /ˈtoʊɡoʊ/ pn
Tóga
A country in West Africa. Official name: Togolese Republic.

Togolese Republic pn
Poblacht Thóga
The official name of Togo, a country in West Africa.

Tokyo /ˈtoʊ.ki.oʊ/ /ˈtoʊ.kjoʊ/ /ˈtəʊ.ki.əʊ/ pn
Tóiceo
A prefecture, the capital city of Japan.

Tommy /ˈtɑmi/ /ˈtɒmi/ pn
Tomáisín
A diminutive of the en given name Thomas.
(uncommon, _, relative to the male given name) A diminutive of the en given name Thomasina.

Torah /ˈtɔːɹə/ pn
Tórá
The first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures, attributed to Moses and therefore also known as the Five Books of Moses.

Toronto /təˈɹɑn(t)oʊ/ /təˈɹɑnoʊ/ [tʰəˈɹɑntʰo(ʊ)] [tʰəˈɹɑɾ̃o(ʊ)] [tʰəˈɹɑɾ̃ə] [tʰɹɑɾ̃ə] [t͡ʃəˈɹɑno(ʊ)] [t͡ʃəˈɹɑnə] [t͡ʃɹɑno(ʊ)] [t͡ʃɹɑnə] pn
Torontó
The capital city of Ontario, Canada and largest city in Canada.

Tory /ˈtoɹ.i/ /ˈtɔː.ɹi/ Tories n
Tóraí
(UK politics) A member or supporter of the Conservative Party, which evolved from Royalist politicians; historically associated with upholding the rights of the monarchy and the privileges of the established Church.
(Canadian politics) A member or supporter of the Conservative Party of Canada, one of that party's predecessors, or an affiliated provincial political party.

Tower of Babel pn
Túr Bháibil
(biblical) A tower erected at Babel by the descendants of Noah's son Ham to reach the sky, and whose completion God thwarted by making the workers speak different languages so that they were unable to understand one another.

Tower of London pn
Túr Londan
A riverside fortress in London, used as a palace, a prison and now a museum housing the Crown Jewels.

Traditional Chinese pn
Sínis thraidisiúnta carachtair traidisiúnta
Chinese written using the traditional form of Chinese characters, as opposed to Simplified Chinese (introduced by the PRC as script reform).

Tralee /tɹæˈliː/ /tɹəˈliː/ pn
Trá Lí Tráigh Lí
A town in and the county town of County Kerry, Ireland.

Transfiguration pn
Claochlú an Tiarna
(Christianity) An annual feast day, observed on August 6th (Gregorian) or 19th (Julian), celebrating the miracle when the face of Jesus "shone like the sun" before the apostles.

Transnistria /tɹænzˈnɪsˌtɹi.ə/ pn
an Tras-dnístiria
An autonomous territory within Moldova that claims statehood as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, but is not internationally recognized as a sovereign state.

Transylvania /tɹænsəlˈveɪni.ə/ pn
an Trasalváin
A region in western Romania.

Treasury bill Treasury bills n
bille státchiste
(finance) A government obligation, sold at a discount, maturing in one year or less, and pays no interest prior to maturity.

Triangulum pn
Triantán
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky whose brightest three stars form a small triangle. The constellation lies near Perseus, between Aries and Andromeda.

Triangulum Australe pn
Triantán an Deiscirt
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, which has three bright stars that form a triangle. It lies north of the constellation Apus, between Ara and Circinus.

Trinity /ˈtɹɪ.nɪ.ti/ pn
Tríonóid
(Christianity) In Christian belief, the three persons (personae) of the Godhead: Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

Tripoli /tɹɪˈpoʊlə/ /ˈtɹɪpəli/ pn
Tripilí
The capital city of Libya, originally three separate settlements known as Oea, Sabratha, and Leptis Magna.

Troad /ˈtɹəʊ.æd/ /ˈtɹəʊ.əd/ pn
Tróás
(historical) The Biga peninsula in the northwestern part of Anatolia, Turkey.

Trojan War pn
Cogadh na Traoi
(Greek mythology) A mythological decade-long war and siege, ending in the destruction of Troy, which, as described in Homer's Iliad, was waged by a coalition of Achaeans (Greeks) led by King Agamemnon against the Trojans to avenge the abduction of Helen, wife of the Spartan King Menelaus, by Paris, son of the Trojan King Priam.

Tropic of Cancer pn
Trópaic an Phortáin
(geography) The parallel of latitude 23°30′north of the equator, marking the northern boundary of the tropics; the sun is directly overhead at the June solstice.

Tropic of Capricorn pn
Trópaic an Ghabhair
(geography) The parallel of latitude 23°30′south of the equator, marking the southern boundary of the tropics; the sun is directly overhead at the December solstice.

Trotskyism n
Trotscaíochas
The left-wing political philosophy named after and based on the ideas of Leon Trotsky that is characterized by international socialism, opposition to Stalinism, the theory of permanent revolution and the theory of the vanguard party.

Troubles pn
na Trioblóidí
(Ireland, historical) The continued violence and terrorist, military and paramilitary activity in Northern Ireland that happened from the mid 1960s to the late 1990s.

Troy /tɹɔɪ/ pn
an Traí
(historical) An ancient city in what is now northwestern Turkey.

Tucana pn
Túcán
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a toucan. It lies south of the constellations Phoenix and Grus.

Tudor /ˈtjuːdə/ /ˈtuːdəɹ/ more Tudor most Tudor adj
Túdarach
Pertaining to the British monarchs of the sixteenth century.
Pertaining to the period of British history ruled by King Henry VII, Henry VIII and the children of Henry VIII.
(architecture) In the style of English buildings of the sixteenth century; using exposed wooden beams on the exterior.

Tudor /ˈtjuːdə/ /ˈtuːdəɹ/ Tudors n
Túdar
A monarch of the British royal family during the sixteenth century. Specifically, King Henry VII and Henry VIII or one of his three children who ascended the throne.

Tuesday /ˈt(j)uzdeɪ/ /ˈt(j)uzdi/ /ˈtjuːzd(e)ɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃuːzd(e)ɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃʉːzdæe/ adv
Dé Máirt Máirt
(US, Canada, informal in UK) On Tuesday.

Tuesday /ˈt(j)uzdeɪ/ /ˈt(j)uzdi/ /ˈtjuːzd(e)ɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃuːzd(e)ɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃʉːzdæe/ Tuesdays n
Máirt
The third day of the week in many religious traditions, and the second day of the week in systems that use the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Monday and precedes Wednesday.

Tunis /ˈtjuːnɪs/ /ˈtuːnəs/ pn
Túinis
Tunis Governorate, one of the 24 governorates of Tunisia, which includes the capital.

Tunisia /tjuːˈnɪzi.ə/ /tuˈniʒ.ə/ pn
Túinéis An Túinéis
The Republic of Tunisia, since 1956

Turk /tɜːk/ /tɝk/ Turks n
Turcach
A person from Turkey or of Turkish ethnic descent. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

Turkey /ˈtɜː.ki/ /ˈtɝ.ki/ pn
Tuirc An Tuirc
A country located in Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia. Official name: Republic of Türkiye. Capital: Ankara

Turkish /ˈtɜː.kɪʃ/ /ˈtɝ.kɪʃ/ [ˈtɐ˞.kɪʃ] [ˈtɚ.kɪʃ] adj
Turcach
Of, from, or pertaining to Turkey, the Turkish people or the Turkish language.

Turkish /ˈtɜː.kɪʃ/ /ˈtɝ.kɪʃ/ [ˈtɐ˞.kɪʃ] [ˈtɚ.kɪʃ] pn
Tuircis
The official language of Turkey, Republic of Cyprus (alongside Greek) and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

Turkish bath Turkish baths n
folcadán Turcach
An Islamic steam bath followed by a massage and, if running water is available, a dip in cool water.
folcadh Turcach
An establishment where these facilities are available.

Turkmen /ˈtɜːk.mən/ /ˈtɝk.mən/ adj
Tuircméanastánach
Of, from, or pertaining to Turkmenistan, the Turkmen people or the Turkmen language.

Turkmen /ˈtɜːk.mən/ /ˈtɝk.mən/ Turkmen Turkmens n
Tuircméinis
(uncountable) A Turkic language of the Turkmen spoken mostly in Turkmenistan.

Turkmenistan /tɚkˈmɛn.ɪ.stæn/ /ˌtɜːkmɛn.ɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Tuircméanastáin
A country in Central Asia. Capital: Ashgabat.

Tuscan /ˈtʌs.kən/ adj
Tuscánach
Of or relating to Tuscany or its inhabitants.

Tuscan /ˈtʌs.kən/ Tuscans n
Tuscánach
A person from or inhabitant of Tuscany.

Tuscany /ˈtʌskəni/ pn
Tuscáin
An administrative region of Italy, located north of Lazio and south of Emilia-Romagna.

Tutankhamun /ˌtu.tæŋˈkɑ.mən/ /ˌtu.tɑŋˈkɑ.mən/ /ˌtutn̩ˈkɑmən/ /ˌtuːtənˈkɑːmən/ pn
Tútancáman
Ancient Egyptian pharaoh known for his young age and his tomb, which was preserved intact to the modern age.

Tuva /ˈtuːvə/ pn
Túva
A republic of the Russian Federation in southern Siberia.

Tuvalu /tuˈvɑ.lu/ /tuːˈvɑː.luː/ /tʉːˈvɐːlʉː/ /ˈtu.və.lu/ /ˈtuː.və.luː/ /ˌtuːvəˈluː/ pn
Tuvalu
A country and archipelago in Polynesia in Oceania. Capital and largest city: Funafuti.

Twenty-Six Counties pn
na Sé Chontae is Fiche
(Ireland, informal) The twenty-six counties that form the Republic of Ireland.

Tyre /ˈtaɪə(ɹ)/ pn
Tuír
(historical) A former city in Lebanon, a major port on the Levantine Sea that was a city-state in Phoenicia in antiquity and the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages.

Tyrol /taɪˈɹoʊl/ /tɪˈɹoʊl/ /ˈtaɪ.ɹoʊl/ /ˈtɪɹˌoʊl/ pn
Tioróil
A region in central Europe that includes the Austrian state of the same name and the Italian regions of South Tyrol and Trentino.

Tyrolean /taɪˈɹoʊl.i.ən/ /tɪˈɹoʊl.i.ən/ Tyroleans n
Tiorólach
A native or inhabitant of Tyrol.

Tyrrhenian Sea pn
Muir Thoirian
A part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy, bounded by Corsica and Sardinia (west), Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, and Calabria (east), and Sicily (south).

Tír na nÓg pn
Tír na nÓg
(Irish mythology) the land of youth

U-bend U-bends n
U-lúb
A U-shaped bend, usually the bend in a waste pipe.

U-bolt U-bolts n
U-bholta
a metal fixing in the shape of the letter U, which has a pin or screw bolt closure which fits across the two ends making a closed clamp

U-shaped more U-shaped most U-shaped adj
U-chruthach
Shaped like the letter "U"; bent such that the two ends are parallel.

UAV UAVs n
aerfheithicil gan foireann
(aviation) Initialism of unmanned aerial vehicle; an unpiloted aircraft capable of controlled, sustained, level flight.

UFO /ˈjufoʊ̯/ /ˈjuːfəʊ̯/ /ˈʌfoʊ̯/ /ˌjuˌɛfˈoʊ/ /ˌjuːɛfˈəʊ/ UFOs n
úfó
Initialism of unidentified flying object; (loosely) an alien spacecraft. [from 20th c.]

UN Security Council pn
Comhairle Slándála na Náisiún Aontaithe an Chomhairle Slándála
The permanent international peacekeeping organ of the United Nations.

US dollar US dollars n
dollar na Stát Aontaithe
The official currency of the United States.

USA /juː ɛs ˈeɪ/ /ˌju ˌɛs ˈeɪ/ pn
SAM
(colloquial) Initialism of United States of America.

USSR /ˌju.ɛs.ɛsˈɑ(ɹ)/ pn
APSS
Initialism of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Udmurtia pn
an Udmairt
A republic of Russia, on a plain to the west of the Ural Mountains. Capital: Izhevsk.

Uganda /(j)uˈɡændə/ /(j)uˈɡɑːndə/ pn
Uganda Poblacht Uganda
A country in East Africa. Official name: Republic of Uganda.

Ugandan /juˈɡændən/ /juːˈɡændən/ /jʊ-/ adj
Ugandach
Of, from, or pertaining to Uganda, the Ugandan people or the Ugandan language.

Ugandan /juˈɡændən/ /juːˈɡændən/ /jʊ-/ Ugandans n
Ugandach
A person from Uganda or of Ugandan descent.

Ukraine /juˈkɹeɪn/ /juːˈkɹeɪn/ /ˈjuˌkɹeɪn/ /ˈjuːˌkɹeɪn/ [ju̟ˈkɹeɪ̯n] [ˈjuˌkɹeɪ̯n] pn
Úcráin An Úcráin
A country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea. Capital and largest city: Kyiv.

Ukrainian /juˈkɹeɪ.ni.ən/ /juːˈkɹeɪ.nɪ.ən/ /jʊ-/ adj
na hÚcráine Úcránach
Relating to Ukraine or its people or language.

Ukrainian /juˈkɹeɪ.ni.ən/ /juːˈkɹeɪ.nɪ.ən/ /jʊ-/ Ukrainians n
Úcránach
A citizen of Ukraine or a person of Ukrainian ethnicity.

Ukrainian /juˈkɹeɪ.ni.ən/ /juːˈkɹeɪ.nɪ.ən/ /jʊ-/ pn
Úcráinis
The East Slavic language of Ukrainians, and the official language of Ukraine.

Ukrainian SSR pn
PSS na hÚcráine
Abbreviation of Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Ulaanbaatar /ˌuːlɑːn ˈbɑːtə(ɹ)/ pn
Ulánbátar
The capital city of Mongolia.

Ulster /ɔ̈ls.t̪͆əɹ/ /ˈʊlstɚ/ /ˈʌlstə(ɹ)/ /ˈʌlstɚ/ pn
Cúige Uladh Tuaisceart Éireann Ulaidh
(geographical) The northern province of Ireland, made up of all six Northern Irish counties and three counties in the Republic of Ireland.
Ultach
(geographical) A county named after the Irish province in New York State: see Ulster County.

Ulster Cycle pn
Rúraíocht
A large body of prose and verse centering around the traditional heroes of Ulaid and the reign of Conchobar mac Nessa. One of the four major cycles of Irish Mythology.

Ulster Scots pn
Ultais
A dialect of the Scots language spoken in Ulster, Ireland.

Ulsterman Ulstermen n
Ultach fear Ultach
Any male coming from or living in the northern Irish province of Ulster.

Ulsterwoman Ulsterwomen n
Ultach bean Ultach
A woman from Ulster, Ireland.

Umbundu pn
Ciombundais Umbundais
A Bantu language spoken by the Ovimbundu people in the central highlands of Angola.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics pn
Aontas na bPoblachtaí Sóivéadacha Sóisialacha
(historical) A nation in Eurasia that existed from December 30, 1922 to December 26, 1991.

Unitarian more Unitarian most Unitarian adj
Úinitéireach
Pertaining to Unitarianism.

Unitarian Unitarians n
Úinitéireach
A follower of Unitarian Universalism or a similar non-credal religion that originated historically from Christian Unitarianism.
A member of a political movement advocating a unitary state rather than a federal one, especially the Unitarios of nineteenth century Argentina (known as the Unitarian Party in English).

United Arab Emirates /juˌnaɪ̯tɪd ˌaɹəb ˈɛmɪɹɪ(t)s/ /jʊˌnaɪ̯ɾɪ̈d ˌɛɹəb ˈɛmɪɹɪts/ pn
Aontas na nÉimíríochtaí Arabacha
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Capital: Abu Dhabi. Largest city: Dubai.

United Kingdom /juːˌnaɪ.tɪd ˈkɪŋ.dəm/ /jəˌnaɪ.tɪd ˈkɪŋ.dəm/ /jʊˌnaɪ.tɪd ˈkɪŋ.dəm/ pn
Ríocht Aontaithe
A kingdom and sovereign state in Western Europe comprising the four countries of England, Scotland and Wales on the island of Great Britain, and Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland since 1922.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland pn
Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Éireann
The official name of the United Kingdom 1801-1927 (before being renamed by the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 following the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922).

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland /jʊˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm əv ˌɡɹeɪt ˈbɹɪtən ən ˌnɔː(ɹ)ðə(ɹ)n ˈaɪə(ɹ)lənd/ pn
Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann
The official name of the United Kingdom (since 1927).

United Mexican States /juˌnaɪtɪ̈d ˈmɛk.sɪ.kən ˈsteɪts/ /juːˌnaɪtɨd ˈmɛk.sɪ.kən ˈsteɪts/ pn
Stáit Aontaithe Mheicsiceo
The official name of Mexico.

United Nations /juˌnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz/ /jʊ-/ pn
Náisiúin Aontaithe
(in the singular) An international coalition, founded in 1945 and headquartered in New York City, that aims to promote global co-operation and maintain international order.

United Republic of Tanzania pn
Poblacht Aontaithe na Tansáine
The official name of Tanzania, a country in East Africa.

United States /juˌnaɪtɪ̈d ˈsteɪts/ /juːˌnaɪtɨd ˈsteɪts/ /jʊˌnaɪtɨd ˈsteɪts/ [juˌnaɪ̯ɾɪ̈d ˈsteɪ̯ts] [jɪ̈-] pn
Stáit Aontaithe
(in the plural) The collection of individual states of the United States of America.

United States of America /juˌnaɪtəd ˌsteɪts əv əˈmɛɹəkə/ /juːˌnaɪtɨd ˌsteɪts əv əˈmɛɹɨkə/ pn
Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá Meiriceá Meireac
A country in North America, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and including Alaska, Hawaii, and several territories.

Upper Austria pn
an Ostair Uachtarach
A state of Austria, with its capital in Linz.

Upper Egypt pn
an Éigipt Uachtarach
(Egyptology) The part of Ancient Egypt south of Memphis, so named because the Nile flows south to north.

Upper Sorbian pn
Soirbis Uachtarach
a Slavic language spoken in part of Saxony

Upper Volta pn
Volta Uachtarach
(historical) A former country (1958-1984) in West Africa; now Burkina Faso.

Urania /jʊˈɹeɪ.ni.ə/ pn
Urania
(Greek god) The Muse of astronomy.

Uranian /jʊˈɹeɪniən/ /jʊˈɹeɪnɪən/ adj
Úránasach
(astronomy) Of or pertaining to the planet Uranus. [from 1830s]

Uranian /jʊˈɹeɪniən/ /jʊˈɹeɪnɪən/ Uranians n
Úránasach
(chiefly, science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Uranus. [from 1830s]

Uranus /juˈɹeɪnəs/ /jʊˈɹeɪnəs/ /ˈjʊɹənəs/ pn
Úránas Uránus
(astronomy) The seventh planet in our solar system, discovered in 1781 by William Herschel.
(Greek god) The Greek god who personified the sky and heavens and fathered the Titans. Roman counterpart: Caelus.

Ursa Major /ˌɝsə ˈmeɪdʒɚ/ pn
Béar Mór
(constellation) A large circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a bear. It includes the familiar asterism the Big Dipper and the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid.

Ursa Minor /ˌɝsə ˈmaɪnɚ/ pn
Béar Beag
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a bear. It includes the familiar asterism of the Little Dipper and, as part of it, the northern pole star Polaris, as well as Kochab.

Uruguay /ˈjʊə.ɹə.ɡwaɪ/ /ˈjʊɹ.ə.ɡwaɪ/ /ˈʊɹ.ə.ɡweɪ/ pn
Uragua
A country in South America. Official name: Oriental Republic of Uruguay. Capital and largest city: Montevideo.

Uruguayan /uɹuˈɡwaɪən/ adj
Uraguach
Of, from, or pertaining to Uruguay, the Uruguayan people or the Uruguayan language.

Uruguayan /uɹuˈɡwaɪən/ Uruguayans n
Uraguach
A person from Uruguay or of Uruguayan descent.

Uyghur /ˈwiːɡ(ʊ)ə/ /ˈwiːɡɚ/ /ˈʔuɪ̯.ɡʊɾ/ pn
Uigiúiris
The language of the Uyghur people.

Uzbekistan /ʊzˌbɛkɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Úisbéiceastáin
A country in Central Asia. Official name: Republic of Uzbekistan. Capital: Tashkent.

V-neck V-necks n
V-mhuineál
A V-shaped neckline on a garment such as a pullover, usually at the front of the garment.

Vaduz /vəˈduːts/ pn
Vadús
A town and municipality, the capital of Liechtenstein.

Valentine /ˈvæləntaɪn/ Valentines n
Vailintín
male given name

Valletta /vəˈlɛtə/ pn
Vaileite
The capital city of Malta.

Vancouver /vænˈkuː.vɚ/ /væŋˈkuː.vɚ/ Vancouvers pn
Vancúbhar
A seaport, the largest city in British Columbia, Canada.

Vandal Vandals n
Vandal
(historical) A member of an ancient east Germanic tribe famous for sacking Rome.

Vanuatu /væn.uːˈɑː.tuː/ /vɑ.nuˈɑ.tu/ /ˌvænuːˈaːtuː/ pn
Vanuatú Poblacht Vanuatú
A country and archipelago in Melanesia in Oceania. Official name: Republic of Vanuatu. Capital and largest city: Port Vila.

Vatican /ˈvæ.tɪ.kən/ adj
Vatacáine Vatacánach
Relating to the Vatican City state.

Vatican /ˈvæ.tɪ.kən/ pn
Vatacáin
A city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. Official name: Vatican City State.

Vatican City /ˈvæ.tɪ.kən ˈsɪt.i/ pn
Cathair na Vatacáine
A city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. Official name: Vatican City State.

Vatican City State pn
Stát Chathair na Vatacáine
The official name of Vatican City.

Vela pn
Seolta
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the sails of a ship. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.

Vendean adj
Veindéach
Of or from the Vendée

Venetian /vəˈniʃən/ /vɪˈniːʃn/ /vɪˈniːʃən/ adj
Veinéiseach
(historical, uncommon) Synonym of Venetic, of or related to the Veneti, either of two unrelated tribes of ancient Europe.

Venetian /vəˈniʃən/ /vɪˈniːʃn/ /vɪˈniːʃən/ Venetians n
Veinéiseach
An inhabitant or a resident of Venice, the city.

Venezuela /ˌvɛn.əˈzweɪ.lə/ /ˌvɛn.ɛzˈweɪ.lə/ /ˌvɛn.ɪˈzweɪ.lə/ pn
Veiniséala
A country in South America. Official name: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Capital and largest city: Caracas.

Venezuelan adj
Veiniséalach
Of, from, or pertaining to Venezuela or the Venezuelan people.

Venezuelan Venezuelans n
Veiniséalach
A person from Venezuela or of Venezuelan descent.

Venice /ˈvɛnɪs/ Venices pn
Veinéis An Veinéis
the port city in Veneto, on the Adriatic, in northeastern Italy, former capital of an independent republic.

Ventry pn
Ceann Tra
A village on the Dingle peninsula in northwest County Kerry, Ireland.

Venus /ˈvinəs/ /ˈviːnəs/ [ˈvinɪ̈s] [ˈvɛ.nɐs] Venuses pn
Véineas
(astronomy) The second planet in the Solar system, named for the goddess; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♀.
(Roman god) The goddess of love, beauty, fertility, and sexuality; the Roman counterpart of Aphrodite.

Venus flytrap Venus flytraps n
cuilghaiste Véineas
An insectivorous plant of the savannas of North and South Carolina, Dionaea muscipula; the leaves are hinged and bordered with stiff hairs, and close when an insect alights on them.

Venusian /vəˈnjuː.si.ən/ /vəˈnjuː.sjən/ /vəˈnuʃən/ /vəˈnuʒən/ adj
Véineasach
Of or relating to inhabitants of Venus.

Venusian /vəˈnjuː.si.ən/ /vəˈnjuː.sjən/ /vəˈnuʃən/ /vəˈnuʒən/ Venusians n
Véineasach
(science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Venus.

Veracruz Veracruzes pn
Veracruz
A city in Veracruz, Mexico.

Vesta /vɛstə/ pn
Veiste
(Roman god) The virgin goddess of the hearth, fire, and the household, and therefore a deity of domestic life. The Roman counterpart of Hestia.

Vesuvius /vəˈsu.vi.əs/ pn
Veasúiv
A volcanic mountain located on the Gulf of Naples in Italy.

Victoria /vɪkˈtɔː.ɹi.ə/ Victoriae Victorias pn
Victeoiria
A en given name.
A town in Lunenburg County, Virginia, named after Queen Victoria.

Victorian /vɪkˈtɔ.ɹi.ən/ /vɪkˈtɔː.ɹɪ.ən/ more Victorian most Victorian adj
Victeoiriach
Of or relating to the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901, or that period.
(architecture) Of the style of architecture or furnishings of that period.
(figuratively) Of or displaying the (supposed) ideals or standards of morality of that period; conservative; also, old-fashioned, out-of-date.

Victorian /vɪkˈtɔ.ɹi.ən/ /vɪkˈtɔː.ɹɪ.ən/ Victorians n
Victeoiriach
A person born in or living in the Victorian period, or exhibiting characteristics of that period.

Vienna /vaɪˈi.nə/ /vaɪˈæ.nə/ /vaɪˈɛ.nə/ /viˈɛ.nə/ /ˈvaɪ.ə.nə/ pn
Vín
A state of Austria, including the city, within the state of Lower Austria.

Vietnam /(ˈ)vitˈnæm/ /(ˈ)vitˈnɑm/ /(ˈ)viːətˈnæm/ /(ˈ)viːətˈnɑːm/ /(ˈ)vjɛt-/ /(ˈ)vjɛtˈnæm/ /(ˈ)vjɛtˈnɑːm/ /-ˈnæm/ /viˌɛtˈnɑm/ /viˌɪt/ /ˌvi.ət-/ /ˌvi.ɪt-/ /ˌvjɛʔˈnɑːm/ pn
Vítneam
A country in Southeast Asia. Official name: Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Capital: Hanoi.

Vietnamese /viˌɛt.nəˈmiːz/ /ˌviː.ət.nəˈmiːz/ adj
Fítneamach Vítneamais
Of or pertaining to Vietnam.

Viking /ˈvaɪkɪŋ/ Vikings n
Lochlannach Uigingeach
(historical) Scandinavian/Northern European seafarers, most familiarly raiders and pirates during the Viking age.

Vilnius /ˈvɪlni.əs/ /ˈvɪlnjəs/ pn
Vilnias
The capital city of Lithuania.

Vincent /ˈvɪnsənt/ Vincents pn
Uinseann
(countable) A en given name.

Vincentian adj
Uinseannach
Of, or pertaining to, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Vincentian Vincentians n
Uinseannach
A citizen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
A member of one of the Catholic orders or societies in the Vincentian Family (organizations inspired by the life and work of St. Vincent de Paul).

Virgin Mary Virgin Marys Virgins Mary pn
Maighdean Bheannaithe Maighdean Mhuire Muire Mhaighdean Muire Ógh
(Christianity) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus.

Virgo /ˈvɜː.ɡəʊ/ /ˈvɝ.ɡoʊ/ pn
Maighdean an Mhaighdean
(zodiac constellations) : A constellation in the zodiac, imagined in the shape of a maiden, that contains the bright binary star Spica.
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the virgin, ruled by Mercury, that covers August 23 – September 23 (tropical astrology) or September 16 – October 15 (sidereal astrology).

Visigoth /ˈvɪzɪɡɒθ/ Visigoths n
Viseagotach
Any member of an ancient East Germanic tribe, one branch of the Goths (the Ostrogoths being the other), which participated in several wars with Rome and established a kingdom with Toulouse for its capital.

Visigothic adj
Viseagotach
of or pertaining to the Visigoths

Volans pn
Iasc Eitilte
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a flying fish.

Votic pn
Vóitis
A nearly extinct Finno-Ugric language spoken in Ingria.

Vulcan /ˈvʌlkən/ pn
Bolcán
(Roman god) The god of volcanoes and fire, especially the forge, also the patron of all craftsmen, especially blacksmiths. The Roman counterpart of Hephaestus.
(astronomy, historical) A hypothetical planet proposed in the 19th century to exist in an orbit between Mercury and the Sun. Coined by Jacques Bobinet

Vulgar Latin pn
Laidin na ndaoine
(linguistics, historical) The Latin language as spoken by the Roman people, as opposed to Classical Latin as written in formal literature. Developed into Proto-Romance and descendant languages in the Early Middle Ages.

Vulgate /ˈvʌlɡeɪt/ /ˈvʌlɡət/ pn
Vulgáid
A particular Latin translation of the Bible made by Saint Jerome in the late 4th-century CE.

Vulpecula /vʌlˈpɛkjələ/ pn
Sionnach
(constellation) A faint autumn constellation in the northern sky.

Wadden Sea pn
Muir Wadden
A shallow and narrow sea peripheral to the North Sea, situated between the Frisian Islands and the mainland coasts of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands.

Waldensian Waldensians n
Valdach
One who holds the doctrines of the Waldenses (a pre-Protestant church founded by Peter Waldo).

Wales /weɪlz/ [weɪɫz] Waleses pn
Breatain Bheag an Bhreatain Bheag
One of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, formerly a principality.

Wallonia /wəˈləʊnɪə/ pn
an Vallúin
Federal Region of southern Belgium where French and German are the official languages, and where Lorrain, Luxembourgish, Picard, Franconian and Walloon languages are also spoken.

Walloon /wəˈluːn/ adj
Vallúinise Vallúnach
Referring to the French-speaking people of southern Belgium and parts of northern France.
Vallúinise
Referring to the Romance language spoken by this people.

Walloon /wəˈluːn/ Walloons n
Vallúnach
An inhabitant of Wallonia, of Belgian nationality, nowadays generally French-speaking, but also possibly German-speaking.
An inhabitant of the region of southern Belgium and northern France (around Givet), usually of Belgian nationality.

Walloon /wəˈluːn/ pn
Vallúnais Vallúinis
The Romance language commonly spoken until the middle of the 20th century in parts of southern Belgium and northern France (around Givet).

Walter /ˈwɑltɚ/ /ˈwɒltə/ /ˈwɔltɚ/ /ˈwɔːltə/ pn
Ualtar
A en given name.

Warsaw /ˈwɔɹsɔ/ /ˈwɔːsɔː/ Warsaws pn
Vársá
The capital city of Poland; capital city of the Masovian Voivodeship.

Washington, D.C. /ˈwɑʃɪŋtən ˈdiː ˌsiː/ pn
Washington, D.C.
The capital city of the United States, formally known as the District of Columbia. Abbreviated as D.C. or DC.

Waterford pn
Contae Phort Láirge Port Láirge
The name of several places in the United States:

Wednesday /ˈwenzdæe/ /ˈwɛ(ʔə)nzde/ /ˈwɛdnz-/ /ˈwɛnzdeɪ/ /ˈwɛnzdi/ adv
Dé Céadaoin
(US, Canada, informal in UK) On Wednesday.

Wednesday /ˈwenzdæe/ /ˈwɛ(ʔə)nzde/ /ˈwɛdnz-/ /ˈwɛnzdeɪ/ /ˈwɛnzdi/ Wednesdays n
Céadaoin An Chéadaoin
The fourth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the third day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Tuesday and precedes Thursday.

Wellington boots n
buataisí rubair
(British) Waterproof rubber boots, intended to be worn in wet or muddy conditions. Short forms: wellies (singular welly or wellie)

Welsh /wɛlʃ/ adj
Breatnach
Of or pertaining to the Celtic language of Wales. [from 16thc.]

Welsh /wɛlʃ/ Welsh n
Breatnais
(uncountable) The Welsh language. [from 10th c.]

Welshman /ˈwɛlʃmən/ Welshmen n
Breatnach
A man who is a native or inhabitant of Wales.

Welshwoman Welshwomen n
Breatnach
A woman who is a native or inhabitant of Wales.

Wesleyan /ˈwɛs.li.ən/ /ˈwɛz.li.ən/ Wesleyans n
Veislíoch

West Africa pn
Afraic Thiar
A region of Africa, spanning 16 countries.

West Bank pn
Bruach Thiar
A Palestinian territory on the west bank of the Jordan river, claimed by both Israel and the State of Palestine.

West Bengal /wɛst bɛŋˈɡɔːl/ pn
Beangál Thiar
A state in eastern India. Capital: Kolkata (formerly Calcutta).

West Frisian pn
Freaslainnis Freaslainnis Iartharach Freaslainnis an Iarthir
A language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands; one of the Frisian languages (or language varieties).

West Germany pn
Iar-Ghearmáin
(since 1990) The former areas of the Republic during that time, distinguished from the former East German areas.

West Indian adj
Iar-Indiach
Pertaining to the West Indies.

West Indian West Indians n
Iar-Indiach
a person from the West Indies

West Indies pn
Indiacha Thiar
The islands of the Caribbean sea.

West Pakistan pn
Pacastáin Thiar
(historical) The western part of Pakistan before it split from Bangladesh

West Yorkshire pn
Yorkshire Thiar
(from 1974) A metropolitan county in northern England bordering Derbyshire, South Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, Lancashire and Greater Manchester.

Western Europe pn
Iarthar na hEorpa
A sociopolitical region in the west of Europe.

Western Samoa /ˈwestən səˈmoʊə/ /ˈwɛstɚn səˈmoʊə/ pn
Samó Thiar
(historical) The former name of Samoa, from 1914 to 1997.

Westmeath pn
Contae na hIarmhí Iarmhí
A county of Ireland.

Westminster Abbey pn
Abtheach Westminster
A large Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral, next to the Houses of Parliament in London; the traditional place of coronation and burial of English monarchs.

Westminster Cathedral pn
Ardeaglais Westminster
the principal Roman Catholic church in England

Westport /ˈwɛst.pɔɹt/ pn
Cathair na Mart
A small town in Brown County, South Dakota.
A town in County Mayo, Ireland (Irish grid ref L 9984).

Wexford /ˈwɛksfə(ɹ)d/ pn
Contae Loch Garman Loch Garman
A county of Ireland, (County Wexford).
Loch Garman
A town in County Wexford, Ireland.

Whit Monday /(h)wɪt ˈmʌn.deɪ/ pn
Luan Cincíse
(Christianity) The Monday that immediately follows Pentecost; the second day of Whitsuntide.

White Hmong pn
Hmongais Bhán
A Hmongic lect spoken in Laos and elsewhere, including among Hmong American communities, and written using the Latin or Pahawh Hmong scripts.

White House pn
Teach Bán
(US) The official home and workplace of the President of the United States of America.

White Sea pn
Muir Bhán
A sea to the northwest of Russia.

Whitsunday /wɪtˈsʌndeɪ/ /wɪtˈsʌndi/ /ʍ-/ /ˈʍɪtsəndeɪ/ /ˈʍɪtsəndɪ/ Whitsundays n
Cincís Domhnach na Cincíse
The Sunday of the feast of Pentecost, seven weeks after Easter

Wicca /ˈwɪkə/ pn
Wicca
A neopagan religion that was first popularized by books written in 1949, 1954, and 1959 by Englishman Gerald Gardner, involving the worship of a horned male god and a moon goddess, the observance of eight Sabbats, and the performance of various rituals.

Wiccan /ˈwɪkən/ adj
Wicca
Of or pertaining to the neo-pagan religion of Wicca.

Wiccan /ˈwɪkən/ Wiccans n
bean Wicca fear Wicca
A follower of Wicca.

Wicklow /-oʊ/ /ˈwɪkləʊ/ pn
Cill Mhantáin Contae Chill Mhantáin
The county town of County Wicklow (Irish grid ref T 3194).

Wikipedia /ˌwɪkiˈpiːdi.ə/ /ˌwɪkəˈpiːdi.ə/ /ˌwɪkɪˈpiːdɪə/ Wikipedias pn
Vicipéid
A free-content, multilingual, online encyclopedia and wiki run by the Wikimedia Foundation.

Wiktionary /ˈwɪkt͡ʃəˌnɛ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈwɪkʃən(ə)ɹi/ /ˈwɪkʃəˌnɛ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈwɪkʃəˌnɛɹi/ /ˈʋɪk.ʃə.nɛ.ri/ /ˈʋɪkʃ.nə.ri/ [ˈwikʃ.nə.ɾi] Wiktionaries pn
Vicífhoclóir
A particular version of this dictionary project, written in a certain language, such as the English-language Wiktionary (often known simply as the English Wiktionary).

Will /wɪl/ pn
Ulick
A en given name, a shortening of William; also used as a formal given name.

William /ˈwɪl.i.əm/ /ˈwɪl.jəm/ Williams pn
Liam Uilliam
A en given name popular since the Norman Conquest.

Williamite Williamites n
Clann Bhullaí
(historical) A follower of King William III of England who deposed King James II in the Glorious Revolution.

Williams /ˈwɪli.əmz/ /ˈwɪljəmz/ Williamses pn
Mac Uilliam
An Irish surname originating as a patronymic, an adopted anglicization of Mac Uilliam (McWilliam)

Wisdom pn
Eagna Leabhar na hEagna
(biblical) The Wisdom of Solomon, a book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

Wisdom of Solomon pn
Eagna Leabhar na hEagna
A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

Wolfgang /ˈvɔlf.ɡɑŋ/ /ˈwʊlf.ɡæŋ/ pn
Wolfgang
A German en given name.

Wolof /ˈwɒlɒf/ /ˈwəʊlɒf/ pn
Volaifis
The language traditionally spoken by those people.

Woodlawn pn
An Móta Móta Gráinne Óige
A village in County Galway, Ireland.

World Heritage Site World Heritage Sites n
Suíomh Oidhreachta Domhanda
A place listed by UNESCO as being of special cultural or physical significance.

World War II /wɜː(ɹ)ld wɔː(ɹ) tuː/ [wɜːɫd wɔː tuː] [wɝɫd wɔɚ̯ tu] pn
Dara Cogadh Domhanda
(history) The war from 1939 to 1945 of the Allied forces, including the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, France, and China, against the Axis Powers, including Germany, Italy, and Japan.

World Wide Web /ˈwɜːld ˌwaɪd ˈwɛb/ /ˈwɝld ˌwaɪd ˈwɛb/ pn
Gréasán Domhanda
(Internet) Usually preceded by the: collectively, all of the hypertext documents (web pages) on the Internet stored in different computers around the world that hyperlink to each other and to other kinds of media, and are typically retrieved by the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS).

Wren Day pn
Lá an Dreoilín
(Ireland, Wales, Isle of Man, Newfoundland) A celebration on December 26 where people, especially boys, hunt a fake wren and parade it upon a decorated pole.

Wye /waɪ/ pn
Gwy
A river in the Peak District of Derbyshire, England, which flows into the River Derwent.

X chromosome X chromosomes n
X-chrómasóm
(genetics) A mammalian sex chromosome. Cells of females have a pair of X chromosomes while cells of males have an X and a Y.

X-ray /ˈɛks ɹeɪ/ /ˈɛks ˌɹeɪ/ adj
X-ghathach
Of or having to do with X-rays.

X-ray /ˈɛks ɹeɪ/ /ˈɛks ˌɹeɪ/ X-rays n
X-gha
Short wavelength electromagnetic radiation usually produced by bombarding a metal target in a vacuum. Used to create images of the internal structure of objects; this is possible because X-rays pass through most objects and can expose photographic film.
X-ghathú
A radiograph: a photograph made with X-rays.

X-ray /ˈɛks ɹeɪ/ /ˈɛks ˌɹeɪ/ v
X-ghathaigh
(transitive, informal) To take a radiograph of; to obtain an image of using X-ray radiation, especially for the purpose of medical diagnostic evaluation.

X-ray radiation n
X-radaíocht
electromagnetic radiation consisting of X-rays, radiation in the X-ray spectrum, of shorter wavelength and higher frequency than ultraviolet and longer wavelength and lower frequency than gamma rays

XNOR gate XNOR gates n
geata XNOR geata eisiach NOR
(electronics) a logic gate performing a Boolean logic XNOR operation; an equivalence gate

XOR gate XOR gates n
geata XOR geata eisiach OR
(electronics) a logic gate performing a Boolean logic XOR operation

Xenocrates pn
Seanócraitéas
(c. 396–314 B.C.E.) An Ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, and the second leader (scholarch) of the Platonic Academy from 339 to 314 B.C.E..

Xenophon pn
Seineafón
Athenian historian and philosopher born 427 B.C.E. and author of the Anabasis and Memorabilia. He was a pupil of Socrates and became a general during the Persian wars.

Xhosa /ˈkoʊ.sə/ /ˈkɔ.sə/ /ˈkɔː.sə/ /ˈkəʊ.sə/ Xhosa Xhosas n
Cóisis
(uncountable) The language of these people, a Bantu language related to Zulu.

Y chromosome Y chromosomes n
Y-chrómasóm
(genetics) A mammalian sex chromosome, occurring only in male cells. Cells of females have a pair of X chromosomes while cells of males have an X and a Y.

Yahweh /ˈjɑː(h)weɪ/ pn
Iáimhé
(history of religion) The name of the God of Israel worshipped by the Jahwist prophets in the kingdoms of Israel and Judah in antiquity.

Yakut /jəˈkuːt/ /jəˈkʊt/ pn
sachais
The language of these people.

Yakutia /jəˈkuːtɪə/ /jəˈkuːʃ(i)ə/ pn
an Iacúit
Synonym of Sakha

Yangtze /ˈjæŋtsi/ /ˈjæŋzi/ /ˈjɑŋtsə/ /ˈjɑŋzi/ pn
an [[Iaing-tsí]]
The chief river of central China and the third longest river in the world, flowing 6300 km from the Tanggula Mountains in Qinghai, passing Chongqing, Wuhan, and Nanjing, and emptying into the East China Sea beside Shanghai.

Yankee /ˈjæŋ.ki/ Yankees n
Poncán
(chiefly, Southern US) A native or inhabitant of the Northern United States.
(chiefly southern, _, Louisiana) An Anglo, as opposed to someone with French ancestry; a native or inhabitant of the rest of the United States.

Yellow Sea pn
Muir Bhuí
An arm of the Pacific Ocean between mainland China and the Korean peninsula.

Yemen /ˈjɛ.mən/ /ˈjɪ.mən/ pn
Éimin Poblacht Éimin
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Republic of Yemen. Capital: Sanaa.

Yemeni adj
Éimineach
of, from, or pertaining to Yemen, or the Yemeni people

Yemeni Yemenis n
Éimineach
a person from Yemen or of Yemeni descent

Yerevan /jɛɾɛˈvɑn/ /ˌjeɹəˈvæːn/ /ˌjeɹəˈvɑːn/ pn
Eireaván
The capital and largest city of Armenia.

Yiddish /ˈjɪd.ɪʃ/ more Yiddish most Yiddish adj
Giúdaise Giúdais
Of or pertaining to the Yiddish language.

Yiddish /ˈjɪd.ɪʃ/ pn
Giúdais
A West Germanic, or more specifically High German, language that developed from Middle High German dialects, with an admixture of vocabulary from multiple source languages including Hebrew-Aramaic, Romance, Slavic, English, etc., and mostly written in Hebrew characters which is used mainly among Ashkenazic Jews from central and eastern Europe.

York /jɔɹk/ /jɔːk/ pn
Eabhrac
A city and unitary authority in North Yorkshire, England.

Yorkshire Terrier /ˈjɔː(ɹ)kʃɪə(ɹ) ˈtɛɹɪə(ɹ)/ Yorkshire Terriers n
brocaire Yorkshire
A breed of toy dog having a long, glossy coat.

Yoruba /ˈjɒɹʊbə/ /ˈjɔːɹəbə/ pn
Iarúbach Iarúibis
A sub-Saharan language. It belongs to the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family, and has nearly 40 million speakers in Nigeria, Benin, Togo, and Sierra Leone, as well as communities in Brazil and Cuba.
Iarúbach
An African traditional religion which spawned various offshoots in the Americas in the 15th to 19th centuries, including santería and Lucumí. (See Yoruba religion.)

Your Majesty Your Majesties pn
do mhaorga
(formal) A term of address used in direct address to a monarch of higher rank than a prince, such as a king, queen, emperor, or empress.

Yugoslavia /juːɡəˈslɑːvi.ə/ pn
Iúgslaiv
(historical) A former country on the Balkan Peninsula, made up of the now-independent nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia; it disintegrated in the 1990s.

Yugoslavian adj
Iúgslavach
(historical) Of or relating to Yugoslavia.

Yugoslavian Yugoslavians n
Iúgslavach
(historical) A native of Yugoslavia.

Yup'ik /ˈjuːpɪk/ pn
Iúpaicis
(linguistics) A subbranch of the Eskimo-Aleut family of languages. This is the only language family known to straddle both North America and Asia. It is centered squarely in Alaska and is thought to have migrated across to Siberia a few hundred years ago.

Yurok pn
Iúróicis
The Algic language of these people.

Zachary /ˈzækəɹi/ pn
Saichairí
A en given name, English vernacular form of Zacharias, Zachariah and Zechariah.

Zagreb /ˈzɑːɡɹɛb/ pn
Ságrab
The capital and largest city of Croatia.

Zaire /zaɪˈɪə/ /zɑːˈɪəɹ/ /ˈzɑːɪɹ/ pn
Sáír
(historical) A former country (1971–1997) in Central Africa; now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Zambezi /zæmˈbeɪzi/ /zæmˈbiːzi/ pn
an tSaimbéis
A river in Southern Africa, flowing south and west from Zambia through east Angola and Zambia and then east along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe into and through central Mozambique to the Indian Ocean.

Zambia /ˈzæmbiə/ pn
Saimbia
A country in Southern Africa. Official name: Republic of Zambia. Formerly called Northern Rhodesia.

Zambian adj
Saimbiach
Of or pertaining to Zambia or its people or language.

Zambian Zambians n
Saimbiach
A person from Zambia or of Zambian descent.

Zaragoza pn
Zaragoza
A city, the regional capital of Aragon, Spain.

Zealand pn
Séalainn
The largest island of Denmark.

Zechariah /ˌzɛkəˈɹaɪə/ pn
Zacairiá
(biblical character) A king of Israel mentioned in the second book of Kings.
(biblical character) A Hebrew prophet traditionally considered the author of the Book of Zechariah, the eleventh of the Twelve Minor Prophets.
Leabhar Zacairiá
(book of the bible) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

Zeeland pn
Séalainn
A province of the Netherlands.

Zen pn
Búdachas Zen Zen
(religion) A school of Mahayana Buddhism characterized by sudden enlightenment achieved by indirect means and principally associated with China and Japan.

Zen Buddhism n
Búdachas Zen
(Buddhism) The Zen denomination of Buddhism.

Zephaniah /zɛfəˈnaɪə/ pn
Leabhar Zafainiá
A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

Zeus /z(j)uːs/ /zus/ /zɪu̯s/ /zʉs/ Zeuses pn
Séas
(Greek god) Supreme ruler of all Greek gods, husband to Hera.

Zimbabwe /zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ/ pn
Siombáib Poblacht na Siombáibe
A country in Southern Africa. Official name: Republic of Zimbabwe. Formerly called Southern Rhodesia or Rhodesia.

Zimbabwean more Zimbabwean most Zimbabwean adj
Siombábach
Of, from, or pertaining to Zimbabwe or the Zimbabwean people.

Zimbabwean Zimbabweans n
Siombábach
A person from Zimbabwe or of Zimbabwean descent.

Zion /ˈzaɪ.ən/ /ˈzaɪˌɒn/ pn
Sliabh Shíón Síón
A landmark hill (or "mount") on which ancient Jerusalem was partly built, a centerpiece to Biblical accounts of old days and future eschatological events.

Zionism /ˈzaɪəˌnɪzəm/ Zionisms n
Siónachas
(politics) Jewish nationalism, the movement which supported first the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland and now supports the continuation of a Jewish state in Israel.

Zoroastrianism /ˌzoʊɹ.oʊˈæs.tɹi.əˌnɪz.əm/ /ˌzɒɹəʊˈæstɹɪəˌnɪzəm/ /ˌzɔɹ.oʊˈæs.tɹi.əˌnɪz.əm/ pn
Sorastrachas
(scholarly) The historical (pre-Islamic) indigenous beliefs and practices of the Iranian peoples.

a /eɪ/ /æ/ /ɑː/ /ə/ /ˈeɪ/ /ˈæɪ/ a's aes n
ailm á
The name of the Latin script letter A / a.

a /ɔ/ n
ailm á
The name of the Cyrillic script letter А / а.

a bad workman always blames his tools proverb
droch-cheardaí a chuireann an milleán ar a chuid uirlisí ní thig a sháith de chorrán a thabhairt do dhrochbhuanaí
It is not the tools we use that make us good, but rather how we employ them.

a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush proverb
is fearr breac sa láimh ná bradán sa linn is fearr áirithe na srathrach ná iasacht na diallaite
A sure thing is preferable to the mere chance at something more. [15th c.]

a cat may look at a king proverb
faigheann an cat cead amharc ar an rí is ní fhaigheann an rí cead é a chaitheamh
A purported inferior has certain rights or prerogatives, even in the presence of a purported superior.

a few determiner
cúpla
A small number of (a set of countable items); more than one but not very many; especially, more than two but not very many (explained in usage note at several).

a few pronoun
beagán cúpla
A small number of things.

a leopard cannot change its spots proverb
briseann an dúchas trí shúile an chait is treise dúchas ná oiliúint
One cannot change one's own nature.

a little adv
rud beag
To a small extent or degree.

a lot /əˈ lɑt/ /əˈ lɒt/ pronoun
a lán mórán neart
A large amount.
a lán
Many things, much.

a- /a/ /eɪ/ /ə/ prefix
a-
Not, without, opposite of.

aa /ˈɑ.ɑ/ /ˈɑː.ɑː/ [ˈɑ.ʔɑ] [ˈɑː.ʔɑː] n
aa
(volcanology) A form of lava flow associated with Hawaiian-type volcanoes, consisting of basaltic rock, usually dark-colored with a jagged and loose, clinkery surface. Compare pahoehoe. [From 19th c.]

aardvark /ˈɑɹd.vɑɹk/ /ˈɑːd.vɑːk/ aardvarks n
arcán talún
The nocturnal, insectivorous, burrowing, mammal Orycteropus afer, of the order Tubulidentata, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa. [from late 18th c.]

aardwolf /ˈɑɹd.ˌwʊlf/ /ˈɑːdˌwʊlf/ aardwolfs aardwolves n
faolchú talún
A nocturnal, insectivorous mammal, Proteles cristatus, of southern and eastern Africa, related to and resembling the hyena. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abacus /ˈæbə.kəs/ abaci abacuses n
abacas fráma comhairimh
A device used for performing arithmetical calculations; (rare) a table on which loose counters are placed, or (more commonly) an instrument with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units, the next tens, etc. [from late 17th c.]

abalone /æb.əˈloʊ.ni/ /æb.əˈləʊ.ni/ /ˈæb.əˌloʊ.ni/ abalones n
cluas mhara
(North America, Australia) An edible univalve mollusc of the genus Haliotis, having a shell lined with mother-of-pearl. [from mid-19th c.]

abandon /əˈbæn.dən/ v
tabhair suas
(transitive) To give up or relinquish control of, to surrender or to give oneself over, or to yield to one's emotions. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
fág lig ó tabhair suas tréig
(transitive) To desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to; to turn away from; to permit to lapse; to renounce; to discontinue. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
lig ó tabhair suas
(transitive) To leave behind; to desert, as in a ship, a position, or a person, typically in response to overwhelming odds or impending dangers; to forsake, in spite of a duty or responsibility. [First attested in the late 15th century.]
caith amach díbir
(transitive, obsolete) To cast out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the mid 17th century.]

abandoned /əˈbæn.dn̩d/ more abandoned most abandoned adj
fágtha tréigthe
No longer maintained by its former owners, residents, or caretakers; forsaken, deserted. [Late 15th century]

abandonment /əˈbæn.dn̩.mn̩t/ abandonments n
tréigean
The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment. [Late 16th century.]
The voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is bound by a special relation, as a wife, husband or child; desertion.
(legal) The relinquishment of a right, claim, or privilege; relinquishment of right to secure a patent by an inventor; relinquishment of copyright by an author. [Early 19th century.]

abase /əˈbeɪs/ v
uirísligh
(transitive) To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate. [from c. 1350–1470]

abasement /əˈbeɪs.mənt/ abasements n
náiriú uirísliú
The act of abasing, humbling, or bringing low. [Mid 16th century.]

abashment /əˈbæʃ.mənt/ abashments n
cotadh
The state of being abashed; embarrassment from shame. [First attested from 1350 to 1470.]

abate /əˈbeɪt/ v
laghdaigh
To lessen (something) in force or intensity; to moderate. [from 14th c.]
To reduce (something) in amount or size. [from 14th c.]
To lower in price or value; (law) specifically, of a bequest in a will: to lower in value because the testator's estate is insufficient to satisfy all the bequests in full. [from early 18th c.]

abatement /əˈbeɪt.mənt/ abatements n
laghdú lagú
The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; a moderation; removal or putting an end to; the suppression. [First attested from 1340 to 1470.]

abatis /ˈæbətiː/ /ˈæbətiːz/ /ˈæbətəs/ abatis abatises n
leagarnach
A means of defense formed by felled trees, or sometimes by bent trees, the ends of whose branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy, and more recently fortified with barbed wire. [Mid 19th century.]

abattoir /ˈæb.əˌtwɑ/ /ˈæb.əˌtwɑɹ/ /ˈæb.əˌtwɑː(ɹ)/ abattoirs n
seamlas teach coscartha
A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc. [Early 19th century.]

abaxial /æbˈæk.si.əl/ /ˌæˈbæk.si.əl/ adj
allaiseach
(botany, zoology) Of a side that is facing away from the axis or central line, such as the underside of a leaf; or the back of an animal. [Mid 19th century.]

abbacy /ˈæb.ə.si/ abbacies n
abacht abdhaine
The dignity, estate, term, or jurisdiction of an abbot or abbess. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abbess /ˈæb.ɛs/ /ˈæb.ɪs/ abbesses n
ban-ab máthairab
A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. [First attested around 1150 to 1350]

abbey /ˈæb.i/ abbeys n
mainistir
A monastery or society of people, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy, which is headed by an abbot or abbess; also, the monastic building or buildings. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]

abbot /ˈæb.ət/ abbots n
ab luamh
The superior or head of an abbey or monastery. [First attested around the early 12th century.]

abbreviation /əˌbɹi.viˈeɪ.ʃn̩/ /əˌbɹiː.viˈeɪ.ʃən/ abbreviations n
giorrú giorrúchán nod
(linguistics) A shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase used to represent the whole, using omission of letters, and sometimes substitution of letters, or duplication of initial letters to signify plurality, including signs such as +, =, @. [Late 16th century.]

abdicate /ˈæb.dɪˌkeɪt/ v
tabhair suas
(transitive) To surrender, renounce or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; to fail to fulfill responsibility for. [from mid 17th c.]

abdication /ˌæb.dəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ abdications n
tabhairt suas
The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder. [First attested in the early 17th century.]

abdomen /æbˈdoʊ.mən/ /æbˈdəʊ.mən/ /ˈæb.də.mən/ abdomens abdomina n
abdóman bolg
(obsolete) The fat surrounding the belly. [mid 16th c. – late 17th c.]

abdominal /æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ /æbˈdɒm.ə.nl̩/ /əbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ /əbˈdɒm.ə.nl̩/ more abdominal most abdominal adj
abdómain boilg bolgach
Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral. [Mid 18th century.]

abdominal cavity abdominal cavities n
cuas an bhoilg
(anatomy) The hollow portion of the torso within the abdomen, containing the abdominal organs, in mammals below the diaphragm.

abducens nerve /abˈdjuː.sn̩z ˌnɜːv/ /abˈdjuː.sənz ˌnɜːv/ /abˈd͡ʒuː.sn̩z ˌnɜːv/ /abˈd͡ʒuː.sənz ˌnɜːv/ /æbˈdjuˌsɛnz ˌnɝv/ /æbˈduˌsɛnz ˌnɝv/ abducens nerves n
néaróg abduchtach
(neuroanatomy) Each of the sixth pair of cranial nerves that are the motor nerves supplying the lateral rectus in the eye. [19th century.]

abduct /æbˈdʌkt/ /əbˈdʌkt/ v
fuadaigh
(transitive) To take away by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually with violence or deception; to kidnap. [Early 17th century.]

abduction /æbˈdək.ʃn̩/ /æbˈdʌk.ʃn̩/ /əbˈdək.ʃn̩/ /əbˈdʌk.ʃn̩/ /ˈeɪ.ˈbiː.dʌk.ʃn̩/ abductions n
fuadach
(legal) The wrongful, and usually forcible, carrying off of a human being. [Mid 18th century.]

abductor /æbˈdʌk.tɚ/ abductores abductors n
matán abduchtach
(anatomy) A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or from the median line of the body[early 17th century]

aberration /ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/ aberrations n
iomrall
(optics) The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; a defect in a focusing mechanism that prevents the intended focal point. [Mid 18th century.]
(zoology, botany) Atypical development or structure; deviation from the normal type; an aberrant organ. [Mid 19th century.]
iomrall seachrán
(astronomy) A small periodical change of the apparent positions of the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer. [Mid 18th century.]
A partial alienation of reason. [Early 19th century.]
saobhadh
A mental disorder, especially one of a minor or temporary character. [Early 19th century.]

abet /əˈbɛt/ v
neartaigh le
(transitive) To incite; to assist or encourage by aid or countenance in crime. [from ca. 1350–1470]

abettor /əˈbɛtə/ /əˈbɛtɚ/ [-ɾɚ] abettors n
neartaitheoir
One that abets an offender; one that incites; instigates; encourages. [First attested from 1350 to 1470.]
A supporter or advocate. [Late 16th century.]

abeyance /əˈbeɪ.əns/ abeyances n
fionraí
Suspension; temporary suppression; dormant condition. [Mid 17th century]

abhor /æbˈhɔɹ/ /əbˈhɔɹ/ /əbˈhɔː/ /əbˈɔː/ v
adhfhuathaigh
(transitive) To regard (someone or something) as horrifying or detestable; to feel great repugnance toward. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

abhorrence /æbˈhɑɹ.n̩(t)s/ /æbˈhɔɹ.n̩(t)s/ /əbˈhɒɹ.n̩(t)s/ abhorrences n
fuath
(uncountable, countable) Extreme aversion or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike or loathing. [Mid 17th century.]

abhorrent /æbˈ(h)ɒɹ.ənt/ /æbˈhɑɹ.ənt/ /æbˈhɔɹ.ənt/ /əbˈ(h)ɒɹ.ənt/ more abhorrent most abhorrent adj
gráiniúil
Detestable or repugnant. [Early 19th century.]

ability /əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ abilities n
ábaltacht cumas
(uncountable) The quality or state of being able; capacity to do or of doing something; having the necessary power. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

abiogenesis /-nɪ-/ /-ˌbaɪə-/ /-ˌbiːoʊ-/ /-ˌbiːə-/ /ˌeɪbaɪəʊˈdʒɛnəsɪs/ /ˌeɪˌbaioʊˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/ abiogeneses n
aibithghineas
(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents. [from 1870]

abiotic /ˌeɪ.baɪˈɑt.ɪk/ adj
aibitheach
Nonliving, inanimate, characterised by the absence of life; of inorganic matter. [Mid 20th century.]

abjection /æbˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃn̩/ abjections n
ainnise truaillíocht
A low or downcast condition; meanness of spirit; abasement; degradation. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

ablaut /ˈæbˌlaʊt/ /ˈɑbˌlaʊt/ /ˈɑpˌlaʊt/ ablauts n
ablabht grádaíocht
(phonology) The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation, distinct from the phonetic influence of a succeeding vowel. [Mid 19th century.]

able /ˈeɪ.bəl/ [ˈeɪ̯.bw] [ˈeɪ̯.bɫ̩] abler ablest adj
ábalta in ann
Free from constraints preventing completion of task; permitted to; not prevented from. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]
Gifted with skill, intelligence, knowledge, or competence. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]

able-bodied /ˈeɪ.bl̩ˌbɑ.did/ more able-bodied most able-bodied adj
infheidhme
(possessional) Having a sound, strong body; physically competent; robust; fit for service.

abloom /əˈbluːm/ adv
faoi bhláth
(postpositive) In or into bloom; in a blooming state; having flower blooms unfolding. [Mid 19th century.]

ablution /əˈblu.ʃn̩/ /əˈbluː.ʃn̩/ ablutions n
ionladh
The act of washing or cleansing the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite. [From mid 16th century.]

abnegation /ˌæbnəˈɡeɪʃən/ /ˌæbnɪˈɡeɪʃən/ abnegations n
diúltú
A denial; a renunciation; denial of desire or self-interest. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abnormal /əbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/ /ˈæbˌnɔɹ.ml̩/ more abnormal most abnormal adj
anchúinseach
mínormálta neamhghnách
Not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type. [First attested around the mid 19th century.]
mínormálta
Of or pertaining to that which is irregular, in particular, behaviour that deviates from norms of social propriety or accepted standards of mental health. [First attested around the early 20th century.]

abnormality /ˌæbˌnɔɹˈmæl.ət.i/ /ˌæbˌnɔɹˈmæl.ɪt.i/ /ˌæbˌnɚˈmæl.ət.i/ /ˌæbˌnɚˈmæl.ɪt.i/ abnormalities n
ainspiantacht anchúinseacht mínormáltacht sonraíocht éanormalacht
The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

aboard /əˈbɔɹd/ /əˈbɔːd/ adv
ar bord
On board; into or within a ship or boat; hence, into or within a railway car. [from ca. 1350—1470]

abomasum /ˌæb.oʊˈmeɪ.səm/ abomasa abomasums n
abomasam
(biology, food) The fourth digestive compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminant, after the omasum;the lining of said compartment, considered as a foodstuff.

abominable /ɘˈbɔm.ɘ.nɘ.bɯ/ /əˈbɑm.nə.bl̩/ /əˈbɑm.ə.nə.bl̩/ more abominable most abominable adj
gráiniúil
Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable. [first attested around 1150 to 1350]

aboral /æbˈɔɹ.l̩/ /æbˈɔːɹ.l̩/ more aboral most aboral adj
allbhéalach
(zoology) Situated opposite to, or away from, the mouth. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

aboriginal /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.n̩.l̩/ /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪn.l̩/ more aboriginal most aboriginal adj
bundúchasach
First according to historical or scientific records; original; indigenous; primitive. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]

aborigine /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪ.ni/ aborigines n
bundúchasach
A native inhabitant of a country; a member of the original people. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

abortion /əˈbɔɹ.ʃn̩/ abortions n
ginmhilleadh
An induced abortion.

about /əˈbaʊt/ /əˈbɛʊt/ /əˈbʌʊt/ [əˈboʊt] [əˈbɐʊt] adv
thart
On all sides; around. [from before 1150]
Here and there; around; in one place and another; up and down. [from before 1150]

about /əˈbaʊt/ /əˈbɛʊt/ /əˈbʌʊt/ [əˈboʊt] [əˈbɐʊt] preposition
timpeall um
In a circle around; all round; on every side of; on the outside of. [from before 1150]
ar tí
(with present participle, obsolete, or, dialect) On the point or verge of.
i dtrátha
(figurative) In or near, as in mental faculties or (literally) in the possession of; under the control of; at one's command; in one's makeup. [from ca. 1350–1470]

about time adv
is mithid
(idiomatic, often, sarcastic) Far past the desired time.

about to phraseologicalUnit
ar tí
(idiomatic, with infinitive verb) Indicates something that will happen very soon; indicates action that is imminent.

above /əˈbʌv/ adv
os cionn
Directly overhead; vertically on top of. [first attested before 1150.]
os cionn thuas
In a higher place; upstairs; farther upstream. [first attested around 1150–1350]

above /əˈbʌv/ preposition
os cionn
In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface. [first attested before 1150]

above ground /əˈbʌvˌɡɹaʊnd/
os cionn talún
(figurative) Not dead and buried; alive.

above-mentioned /əˈbʌvˌmɛnʃn̩d/ adj
thuasluaite
Mentioned or named before; aforesaid.

abrasion /əˈbɹeɪ.ʒn̩/ abrasions n
scríobchaitheamh
(geology) The effect of mechanical erosion of rock, especially a river bed, by rock fragments scratching and scraping it. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abrasion platform abrasion platforms n
clár scríobchaithimh
(geology) A sloping or nearly flat bedrock surface extending out from the foot of a marine cliff under shallow water of a breaker (wave) zone, that was created by marine abrasion.

abrasive paper abrasive papers n
páipéar gainimh páipéar scríobach
An abrasive material made by gluing grains of a coarse abrasive to a cloth or paper surface.

abreast /əˈbɹɛst/ adv
gualainn ar ghualainn
Side by side and facing forward. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470.)]

abridgment /əˈbɹɪd͡ʒ.mənt/ abridgments n
aicearra

abroad /əˈbɹɑd/ /əˈbɹɔd/ /əˈbɹɔːd/ adv
thar lear thar sáile
Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries. [from 1350–1470]

abrogate /ˈæ.bɹə.ɡeɪt/ /ˈæ.bɹə.ɡət/ /ˈæb.ɹoʊˌɡeɪt/ /ˈæb.ɹəʊ.ɡeɪt/ /ˈæb.ɹəˌɡeɪt/ /ˈæb.ɹəˌɡət/ v
aisghair
(transitive, law) To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or her or his successor; to repeal; — applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc. [First attested in the early 16th century.]
cuir deireadh le
(transitive) To put an end to; to do away with. [First attested in the early 16th century.]

abrogation /ˌæb.ɹəˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌæb.ɹəˈɡæɪ.ʃən/ [ˌæb.ɹəˈɡeɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌæb.ɹəˈɡæɪ.ʃn̩] abrogations n
aisghairm
The act of abrogating.

abrupt /æbˈɹʌpt/ /əˈbɹʌpt/ abrupter abruptest more abrupt most abrupt adj
tobann
Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
gearrbhéalach
Curt in manner. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

abscess /ˈæbsɛs/ /ˈæbsɪs/ abscesses n
easpa
(pathology) A cavity caused by tissue destruction, usually because of infection, filled with pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]

abscissa /æbˈsɪs.ə/ abscissae abscissas abscissæ n
aibsíse
(geometry) The first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes. [First attested in the late 17th century.]

abscond /əbˈskɑnd/ /əbˈskɒnd/ v
teith
(intransitive) To flee, often secretly; to steal away. [From mid 16th century.]

absence /æbˈsɒns/ /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩s/ /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩ts/ /ˈæb.sn̩ts/ /ˈæbsɒns/ absences n
asláithreacht neamhláithreacht
A state of being away or withdrawn from a place or from companionship
uireasa
Lack; deficiency; nonexistence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
neamhláithreacht
(medical) Temporary loss or disruption of consciousness, with sudden onset and recovery, and common in epilepsy. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]

absence makes the heart grow fonder proverb
uireasa a mhéadaíonn cumha
(idiom) When someone or something is far away, one realizes how much one loves or misses them or it.

absent-minded /ˌæb.sn̩tˈmaɪn.dɪd/ more absent-minded most absent-minded adj
dearmadach
Absent in mind; often preoccupied; forgetful or careless due to distraction; easily distracted. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

absenteeism /æb.sənˈtiːˌɪz.m̩/ /ˌæb.sənˈtiˌɪz.m̩/ absenteeisms n
neamhláithreacht
The state of being absent, especially frequently or without good reason; the practice of an absentee. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

absinthe /ˈæb.sænθ/ /ˈæb.sæ̃θ/ /ˈæb.sɪnθ/ absinthes n
apsaint
The herb absinthium Artemisia absinthium (grande wormwood); essence of wormwood. [from 1350–1470]
A distilled, highly alcoholic, anise-flavored liquor originally made from grande wormwood, anise, and other herbs. [from mid 19th c.]

absolute /æb.səˈluːt/ /ˈab-/ /ˈap.sə.lʉʊt/ /ˈæb.sə.ljuːt/ /ˈæb.sə.luːt/ /ˈæb.səˌlut/ /ˈæp-/ /ˌæb.səˈlut/ absoluter absolutest more absolute most absolute adj
absalóideach

absolute /æb.səˈluːt/ /ˈab-/ /ˈap.sə.lʉʊt/ /ˈæb.sə.ljuːt/ /ˈæb.sə.luːt/ /ˈæb.səˌlut/ /ˈæp-/ /ˌæb.səˈlut/ absolutes n
absalóid

absolute magnitude /ˈmæɡ.nɪ.tjud/ /ˈmæɡ.nɪ.tud/ /ˈæb.səˌlut/ /ˌæb.səˈljut/ absolute magnitudes n
dearbhmhéid
(astronomy) The intrinsic luminosity that a celestial body would have if viewed from a distance of 10 parsecs or about 32.6 light years.

absolute monarchy absolute monarchies n
monarcacht absalóideach
A state over which a sole monarch has absolute and unlimited power.
(uncountable) The rule of such a monarch, as a form of government.

absolute zero /ˈæb.səˌlut ˈzi.ɹoʊ/ /ˌæb.səˈljut ˈzi.ɹoʊ/ absolute zeros n
dearbhnialas
(physics) The coldest possible temperature, zero on the Kelvin scale, or approximately −273.15 °C, −459.67 °F; total absence of heat; temperature at which motion of all molecules would cease. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

absolutely /ab-/ /ˈap.səˌlʉʊt.lɪi/ /ˈæb.səˌl(j)uːt.li/ /ˈæb.səˌlut.li/ /ˌap.səˈlʉʊt.lɪi/ /ˌæb.səˈl(j)uːt.li/ /ˌæb.səˈlut.li/ adv
amach is amach go hiomlán go huile agus go hiomlán
In an absolute or unconditional manner; utterly, positively, wholly.

absolutely /ab-/ /ˈap.səˌlʉʊt.lɪi/ /ˈæb.səˌl(j)uːt.li/ /ˈæb.səˌlut.li/ /ˌap.səˈlʉʊt.lɪi/ /ˌæb.səˈl(j)uːt.li/ /ˌæb.səˈlut.li/ interjection
cinnte go deimhin siúráilte
Yes, certainly; expression indicating strong agreement.

absoluteness /ab.səˈluːt.nəs/ /ˈab.sə.luːt.nəs/ /ˈæb.səˌlut.nəs/ absolutenesses n
absalóideacht
(obsolete) The fact of being finished or perfected; completeness. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the 17th century.]
The fact of being without qualifications or conditions; certainty, unconditionality. [First attested in the 17th century.]

absolution /æb.səˈljuː.ʃn̩/ /ˌæb.səˈl(j)u.ʃn̩/ absolutions n
aspalóid

absolutism /ˈæb.sə.ljuː.tɪz.m̩/ /ˈæb.sə.luː.tɪz.m̩/ /ˈæb.səˌljuˌtɪz.m̩/ /ˈæb.səˌluˌtɪz.m̩/ absolutisms n
absalóideachas

absolutist /ˈæb.səˌljuː.tɪst/ /ˈæb.səˌlu.tɪst/ /ˈæb.səˌluː.tɪst/ more absolutist most absolutist adj
absalóideach
Of or pertaining to absolutism; arbitrary; despotic; uncompromising. [from mid 19th c.]

absolutist /ˈæb.səˌljuː.tɪst/ /ˈæb.səˌlu.tɪst/ /ˈæb.səˌluː.tɪst/ absolutists n
absalóideach
One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic government. [from mid 19th c.]
(metaphysics) One who believes that it is possible to realize a cognition or concept of the Absolute. [from mid 19th c.]

absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/ /æbˈzɔɹb/ /əbˈsɔɹb/ /əbˈsɔːb/ /əbˈzɔɹb/ /əbˈzɔːb/ v
súigh
(transitive) To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe, like a sponge or as the lacteals of the body; to chemically take in. [first attested in the early 17th century.]

absorption line /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩ laɪn/ /æbˈzɔɹp.ʃn̩ laɪn/ /əbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩ laɪn/ /əbˈzɔɹp.ʃn̩ laɪn/ absorption lines n
líne ionsúcháin
(physics, astronomy) A spectral line that corresponds to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a specific wavelength; the pattern of such lines is characteristic of specific atoms or molecules in the path of the radiation.

abstinence /ˈæb.stɪ.nəns/ abstinences n
abstanaid
The act or practice of abstaining, refraining from indulging a desire or appetite. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]
lánstaonadh
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating/alcoholic beverages; total abstinence; teetotalism). [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]

abstract /əbˈstɹækt/ /ˈæbˌstɹækt/ /ˌæbˈstɹækt/ abstracts n
achomaireacht coimriú
An abridgement or summary of a longer publication. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abstract noun /ˈæbˌstɹækt naʊn/ abstract nouns n
ainm teibí ainmfhocal teibí
(grammar) A noun that denotes an idea, emotion, feeling, quality, generalization, representation or other abstract or intangible concept, as opposed to a concrete item, or a physical object.

abstracted /æb.ˈstɹæk.tɪd/ /əb.ˈstɹæk.tɪd/ more abstracted most abstracted adj
aislingeach brionglóideach neamhairdiúil seachránach
Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind; meditative. [First attested in the early 17th century.]

abstraction /æbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/ /əbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/ abstractions n
teibíocht
teibiú
The act of focusing on one characteristic of an object rather than the object as a whole group of characteristics; the act of separating said qualities from the object or ideas. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
The act of comparing commonality between distinct objects and organizing using those similarities; the act of generalizing characteristics; the product of said generalization. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

abulia /əˈb(j)uː.lɪə/ /əˈbu.li.ə/ abulias n
abúile
(psychiatry) Absence of willpower or decisiveness, especially as a symptom of mental illness. [from 19th c.]

abundance /əˈbn̩.dn̩s/ /əˈbʌn.dn̩s/ /əˈbʌn.dn̩ts/ abundances n
flúirse líonmhaireacht raidhse
An overflowing fullness or ample sufficiency; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; plentifulness. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abundant /əˈbn̩.dn̩t/ /əˈbʌn.dn̩t/ more abundant most abundant adj
fairsing líonmhar raidhsiúil
Fully sufficient; found in copious supply; in great quantity; overflowing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abuse /əˈbjus/ /əˈbjuːs/ /əˈbjʉs/ abuses n
tarcaisne
Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies. [from mid-16th c.]

abuse /əˈbjuz/ /əˈbjuːz/ v
maslaigh
(transitive) To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to use improperly; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert [from around 1350 to 1470.]
(transitive) To attack with coarse language; to insult; to revile; malign; to speak in an offensive manner to or about someone; to disparage. [from early 17th c.]

abyss /æˈbɪs/ /əˈbɪs/ abysses n
aibhéis
(frequently, figurative) A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable; any void space. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

abyssal plain abyssal plains n
má aibhéiseach
(geography) A large expanse of very flat and smooth ocean floor, usually found at depths of 4,600 to 5,500 meters (15,000 to 18,000 feet).

abyssal rock /əˈbɪs.l̩ ɹɑk/ /əˈbɪs.l̩ ɹɒk/ abyssal rocks n
carraig aibhéiseach
(geology) An igneous rock that crystallized at considerable depth in the crust; plutonic rock.

abyssal zone /əˈbɪs.l̩ zoʊn/ /əˈbɪs.l̩ zəʊn/ n
crios aibhéiseach
(geography) The oceanic realm consisting of the deep ocean, typified by a dearth of plant life, and plentiful carnivorous animals that are able to withstand extreme pressure.

acacia /əˈkeɪ.sjə/ /əˈkeɪ.ʃə/ acaciae acacias n
acáise acaicia crann acaicia
(countable) A shrub or tree of the tribe Acacieae. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

academic /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk/ more academic most academic adj
acadúil
In particular: relating to literary, classical, or artistic studies like the humanities, rather than to technical or vocational studies like engineering or welding.

academic /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk/ academics n
acadóir bean léinn fear léinn scoláire
A senior member of an academy, college, or university; a person who attends an academy; a person engaged in scholarly pursuits; one who is academic in practice. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

academical /ˌæk.əˈdɛm.ɪ.kl̩/ adj
coláisteach ollscolach
Pertaining to a university or other form of higher education. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

academician /əˌka.dəˈmɪʃ.n̩/ /əˌkæ.dəˈmɪʃ.n̩/ /ˌa.kə.dəˈmɪʃ.n̩/ /ˌæ.kə.dəˈmɪʃ.n̩/ academicians n
acadamhaí ball d'acadamh
A member or follower of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or literature, such as the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of Arts. [from 17th c.]

academy /əˈkad.ə.mɪ/ /əˈkæd.ə.mi/ academies n
acadamh
An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university; typically a private school. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]
A school or place of training in which some special art is taught. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
A society of learned people united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science. [First attested in the early 17th century.]

acanthoid /əˈkænˌθɔɪd/ more acanthoid most acanthoid adj
acantóideach
Having the shape of a spine or thorn

acanthus /əˈkæn.θəs/ acanthi acanthuses n
acantas
A member of the genus Acanthus of herbaceous prickly plants with toothed leaves, (family Acanthaceae, order Lamiales (formerly Scrophulariales)) found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India. [from mid 16th century]
duille acantais
(architectural element) An ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of Acanthus spinosus, used in the capitals of the Corinthian and composite orders. [from mid 18th century]

accelerate /æk.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪt/ /ək.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪt/ /ɪk.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪt/ v
luathaigh
(transitive) To cause to move faster; to quicken the motion of; to add to the speed of.

acceleration /æk.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ək.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ɪk.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ accelerations n
luasghéarú
(physics) The change of velocity with respect to time (can include deceleration or changing direction).

accent /-sənt/ /-sɛnt/ /ˈak.sənt/ /ˈæk.sɛnt/ /ˈɛk.sent/ accents n
aiceann béim ghutha
(linguistics) A higher-pitched or stronger (louder or longer) articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it.
blas aiceann
(linguistics, sociolinguistics) The distinctive manner of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, social group, etc., whether of a native speaker or a foreign speaker; the phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect.
aiceann
(music) A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more feebly, the third part of the measure.

accent /ækˈsɛnt/ /ˈæk.sɛnt/ v
aiceannaigh
(transitive) To mark emphatically; to emphasize; to accentuate; to make prominent.

accentuate /ækˈsɛn.t͡ʃuˌeɪt/ /əkˈsɛn.t͡ʃu.eɪt/ v
aiceannaigh
(transitive) To pronounce with an accent or vocal stress.

acceptance /ək.ˈsɛp.təns/ acceptances n
glacadh
(uncountable) The act of accepting; the receiving of something offered, with acquiescence, approbation, or satisfaction; especially, favourable reception; approval.

access road access roads n
bealach rochtana bóthar rochtana
(more localised) A road giving access to a particular place.

accident /-dɛnt/ /ˈæksədənt/ /ˈæksədɪnt/ /ˈæksɪdənt/ accidents n
timpiste
An unexpected event with negative consequences occurring without the intention of the one suffering the consequences, and (in the strict sense) not directly caused by humans.

accidental /ˌæk.sɪ.ˈdɛn.tl̩/ more accidental most accidental adj
aimseach toirmeascach
Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according to the usual course of things; by accident, unintentional. [from 16th c.]

accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/ more accidentally most accidentally adv
de thaisme de thimpiste trí thionóisc
In an accidental manner; by chance, unexpectedly.
Unintentionally.

accommodating /ə.ˈkɒm.ə.ˌdeɪ.tɪŋ/ more accommodating most accommodating adj
áiseach
Affording, or disposed to afford, accommodation; obliging; helpful.

accommodation ladder accommodation ladders n
dréimire teile
(nautical) a flight of stairs or a ladder for lowering over the side of a ship for access to and from a small boat.

accompaniment /ə.ˈkʌm.pə.ni.mənt/ /ə.ˈkʌmp.ni.mənt/ accompaniments n
tionlacan
(music) A part, usually performed by instruments, that gives support or adds to the background in music, or adds for ornamentation; also, the harmony of a figured bass.
That which accompanies; something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of ornament, or for the sake of symmetry.

accompanist /əˈkʌmp(ə)nɪst/ accompanists n
tionlacaí
(music) The performer in music who takes the accompanying part.

accompany /əˈkʌm.pə.ni/ /əˈkʌmp.ni/ v
comóir
tionlaic
(transitive) To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with.
(intransitive, music) To perform an accompanying part or parts in a composition.
(transitive, music) To perform an accompanying part next to (another instrument or musician).

accomplice /ə.ˈkɑm.pləs/ /ə.ˈkɑm.plɪs/ /ə.ˈkʌm.plɪs/ /əˈkɒm.plɪs/ accomplices n
comhchoirí
(legal) An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory.

according to preposition
dar le de réir
Based on what is said or stated by; on the authority of.

accordion /ə.ˈkɔɹ.di.ən/ /əˈkɔ(ɹ).di.ˌən/ accordions n
cairdín acordán
A box-shaped musical instrument with means of keys and buttons, whose tones are generated by play of the wind from a squeezed bellows upon free metallic reeds.

accordionist /ə.ˈkɔɹd.i.ə.nəst/ accordionists n
cairdíneoir
Someone who plays the accordion.

account book account books n
leabhar cuntais
(accounting) A book in which accounts are kept; ledger.

accountant /ə.ˈkaʊn.tənt/ [ə.ˈkæʊn.ʔn̩ʔ] accountants n
cuntasóir
One who renders account; one accountable.
A reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s).
(accounting) One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts; an officer in a public office, who has charge of the accounts.
(accounting) One whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another. The records are usually, but not always, financial records.

accouterment /əˈku.tɚ.mənt/ /əˈku.t͡ʃɹə.mənt/ accouterments n
ciútraimintí
(archaic) The act of accoutering; furnishing.

accumulate /əˈkju.mjəˌleɪt/ /əˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪt/ v
tiomsaigh
(transitive) To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together (either literally or figuratively)

accumulation /ə.ˌkjuːm.jə.ˈleɪ.ʃən/ accumulations n
tiomsú
(finance) The action of investors buying an asset from other investors when the price of the asset is low.

accumulator /ə.ˈkjum.jə.ˌleɪ.tɚ/ accumulators n
bailitheoir
(literal) One who, or that which, accumulates.

accuracy /ˈakjəɹəsi/ /ˈakjʊɹəsi/ /ˈæk.jɚ.ə.si/ accuracies n
cruinneas
The state of being accurate; being free from error; exactness; correctness

accurate /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt/ /ˈæk.jɚ.ət/ /ˈæk.jɚ.ɪt/ /ˈæk.jʊ.ɹət/ /ˈæk.ə.ɹət/ more accurate most accurate adj
beacht
Telling the truth or giving a true result; exact; not defective or faulty

accursed /əˈkɜː.sɪd/ /əˈkɝ.sɪd/ more accursed most accursed adj
mallachtach
(prenominal) Hateful; detestable, loathsome.

accusative /əˈkjuzətɪv/ /əˈkjuːzətɪv/ more accusative most accusative adj
áinsíoch cuspóireach
(grammar) Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin, Lithuanian and Greek nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive verb has its limited influence. Other parts of speech, including secondary or predicate direct objects, will also influence a sentence’s construction. In German the case used for direct objects.

accusative /əˈkjuzətɪv/ /əˈkjuːzətɪv/ accusatives n
áinsí
(grammar) The accusative case.

accuse /əˈkjuz/ /əˈkjuːz/ v
coirigh
(transitive) to find fault with, blame, censure
(intransitive) to make an accusation against someone

accustomed /ə.ˈkʌs.təmd/ more accustomed most accustomed adj
cleachta
Familiar with something through repeated experience; adapted to existing conditions. (of a person)
Familiar through use; usual; customary. (of a thing, condition, activity, etc.)

ace /eɪs/ aces n
cíoná
A military aircraft pilot who is credited with shooting down many enemy aircraft, typically five or more.

acentric more acentric most acentric adj
aiceintreach
Not centered; without a centre

acephalous /əˈsɛfələs/ more acephalous most acephalous adj
aiceifileach

acetal /ˈæsɪˌtæl/ acetals n
aicéatal
(organic chemistry) Any diether of a geminal diol, R2C(OR')2 (where R' is not H).

acetaldehyde /ˌæs.ɪˈtæl.dəˌhaɪd/ acetaldehydes n
aicéataildéad
(organic compound) A colourless organic compound, CH3CHO, occurring widely in nature and being produced on a large scale in industry.

acetamide acetamides n
aicéataimíd
(organic compound) The amide of acetic acid, CH3CONH2.

acetate /ˈæsɪteɪ̯t/ acetates n
aicéatáit
(organic chemistry) Any ester or salt of acetic acid.
tréshoilseán
A transparent sheet used for overlays, whether of cellulose acetate or (loosely) any macroscopically similar plastic.

acetic /əˈsiːtɪk/ /əˈsɛtɪk/ adj
aicéiteach
(organic chemistry) Of, pertaining to, or producing vinegar
(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to acetic acid or its derivatives.

acetic acid n
aigéad aicéiteach
(carboxylic acid, fatty acid) A clear colourless organic acid, CH3COOH, formed by the bacterial oxidation of ethanol through acetic fermentation; it is used as a solvent and has very many industrial applications; it is the major acidic component of vinegar.

acetone /ˈæ.sə.toʊn/ acetones n
aicéatón
(organic compound) A colourless, volatile, flammable liquid ketone, (CH3)2CO, used as a solvent.

acetylene /əˈsɛtəlˌin/ acetylenes n
aicéitiléin
A lamp powered by acetylene, particularly a motor vehicle headlight.

ache /ˈeɪk/ aches n
tinneas
Continued dull pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain.

achene /əˈkiːn/ achenes n
aicéin
(botany) A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup.

achieve /əˈt͡ʃiːv/ v
bain amach cuir i gcrích
(transitive) To carry out successfully; to accomplish. [from 14th c.]

achlamydeous adj
aclamadach

achondrite achondrites n
acoindrít
(astronomy, geology) Any stony meteorite that contains no chondrules

achondroplasia /-ʒ(i)ə/ /eɪˌkɒndɹə(ʊ)ˈpleɪziə/ /ə-/ achondroplasias n
acondrapláise gearrghéagacht
(teratology) A genetic disorder, the most common form of short limb dwarfism.

acid /ˈæsɪd/ acids n
aigéad
A sour substance.
(chemistry)

acid jazz n
snagcheol aigéid
(music genre, jazz) A genre of popular music combining jazz with elements of soul music, funk and disco.

acid rain acid rains n
báisteach aigéadach
Rain which is unusually acidic (pH of less than the natural range of 5 to 6); caused mainly by atmospheric pollution with sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen compounds.

acid test /ˌæsɪd ˈtɛst/ acid tests n
promhadh an aigéid
(figuratively) A rigorous test or appraisal of the quality or worth of something.

acid-fast more acid-fast most acid-fast adj
aigéadobach
(histology, of bacteria) Retaining stain when treated with an acidic solution.

acid-resistant adj
aigéad-díonach
able to withstand the effects of acids

acidic /əˈsɪdɪk/ more acidic most acidic adj
aigéadach
(chemistry) Having a pH less than 7, or being sour, or having the strength to neutralize alkalis, or turning a litmus paper red.
(petrology) Containing a high percentage of silica-bearing minerals; opposed to basic.
Of or relating to acid; having the character of an acid.

acidify /əˈsɪdɪfaɪ/ v
aigéadaigh
To make something (more) acidic or sour; to convert into an acid.
To neutralize alkalis.

acidity /əˈsɪdɪti/ acidities n
aigéadacht
The quality or state of being acid.
Sourness; tartness; sharpness to the taste.
(pathology) Excessive acid quality, as in gastric secretions.

acidolysis acidolyses n
aigéadalú
(chemistry) Decomposition of a molecule under the influence of an acid.

acidosis /ˌæs.ɪˈdoʊ.sɪs/ /ˌæs.ɪˈdəʉ.sɪs/ /ˌæs.ɪˈdəʊ.sɪs/ acidoses n
aigéadóis
(pathology) An abnormally increased acidity of the blood.

acinus /ˈæsɪnəs/ acini n
aicíneas
(anatomy) One of the granular masses which constitute a racemose or compound gland, as the pancreas; also, one of the saccular recesses in the lobules of a racemose gland.

acknowledge /əkˈnɑl.ɪd͡ʒ/ /əkˈnɒl.ɪd͡ʒ/ [əkˈnɑːɫəd͡ʒ] [əkˈnɒlɨ̞d͡ʒ] [əɡˈnɑːɫəd͡ʒ] [əɡˈnɒlɨ̞d͡ʒ] [ɨkˈnɑːɫɨd͡ʒ] [ɨɡˈnɑːɫɨd͡ʒ] v
admhaigh
(transitive) To admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to declare one's belief in
(transitive) To own or recognize in a particular quality, character or relationship; to admit the claims or authority of; to give recognition to.
(transitive) To own as genuine or valid; to assent to (a legal instrument) to give it validity; to avow or admit in legal form.

acknowledgment /əkˈnɑl.ɪd͡ʒ.mənt/ /əkˈnɒl.ɪd͡ʒ.mənt/ /əɡˈnɑl.ɪd͡ʒ.mənt/ /əɡˈnɒl.ɪd͡ʒ.mənt/ acknowledgments n
admháil
The act of acknowledging
The act of recognizing in a particular character or relationship; recognition of existence, authority, truth, or genuineness.

acne /ˈæk.ni/ acnes n
aicne
A pattern of blemishes in an area of skin resulting from the skin condition.

acoelomate adj
aicéalach aicéalómach
(zoology) Having no coelom.

acolyte /ˈæ.kə.laɪt/ acolytes n
acalaí túiseoir
(Christianity) One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic Church, being ordained to carry the wine, water and lights at Mass.

aconite /ˈæ.kə.naɪt/ aconites n
dáthabha dáthabha dubh fuath an mhadra
The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; any plant of the genus Aconitum, all the species of which are poisonous.

acorn /ˈeɪ.kɔɹn/ /ˈeɪ.kɔːn/ /ˈeɪkɚn/ acorns n
dearcán
(nautical) A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast-head.

acorn squash acorn squashes n
puimcín eitreach
Any of several varieties of a plant, Cucurbita pepo, being a dark green winter squash having yellow to orange flesh.

acoustic /əˈkuː.stɪk/ adj
fuaime fuaimiúil
Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds.
acústach
(music, musical instrument) Naturally producing or produced by an instrument without electrical amplification or the need thereof.

acoustic /əˈkuː.stɪk/ acoustics n
fuaimíocht éisteacht
(usually, in the plural) The properties or qualities of a room or building that determine how sound is transmitted in it.

acoustic guitar acoustic guitars n
giotár acústach giotár fuaimiúil
A hollow-body guitar of the older variety, in contradistinction to an electric guitar.

acoustics /əˈkuː.stɪks/ n
acústaic fuaimeolaíocht
(physics) The science of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena and laws.

acquaintance /əˈkweɪntəns/ /ʌˈkweɪn.təns/ acquaintances n
aitheantas aithnid
(uncountable) A state of being acquainted with a person; originally indicating friendship, intimacy, but now suggesting a slight knowledge less deep than that of friendship; acquaintanceship. [from 12th c.]

acquainted /əˈkweɪntɪd/ /əˈkwæɪntəd/ more acquainted most acquainted adj
aitheantach aithne a bheith agat eolas a bheith agat ar
(often followed by with) Personally known; familiar.

acquired immune deficiency syndrome n
siondróm easpa imdhíonachta faighte
(disease) An infectious disease, caused by HIV, that causes the gradual degeneration of the body's immune system.

acquisition /ˌæk.wəˈzɪʃ.ən/ /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/ acquisitions n
aicseam
The thing acquired or gained; a gain.

acre /ˈeɪ.kə/ /ˈeɪ.kɚ/ acre acres n
acra
Any of various similar units of area in other systems.

acreage /ˈeɪk(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ acreages n
acraíocht
An area of land measured in acres.

acritarch /ˈækɹɪtɑː(ɹ)k/ acritarchs n
acratarc
(paleontology, palynology) Any small, non-acid-soluble (i.e. non-carbonate, non-siliceous) organic fossil that cannot be classified.

acrocentric more acrocentric most acrocentric adj
acraiceintreach
(genetics) (of a chromosome) Having the centromere very near to one end, and thus having a long arm, and a very short arm.

acrolect /ˈæk.ɹə.lɛkt/ acrolects n
ardchanúint
(sociolinguistics) The variety of speech that is considered most suitable for formal occasions (typically using only standard forms).

acromegaly /ˌækɹoʊˈmɛɡəli/ acromegalies n
acraimeigileacht
(disease) A chronic disease marked by enlargement of the bones of the extremities, face, and jaw that is caused by over-activity of the pituitary gland.

acronym /ˈæk.ɹə.nɪm/ acronyms n
acrainm
(linguistics) An abbreviation formed by the initial letters of other words.

acropetal adj
barraimsitheach

acrophobia acrophobias n
acrafóibe
phobia or strong fear of being high above ground level

acrosome acrosomes n
acrasóm
A structure forming the end of the head of a spermatozoon

across /əˈkɹɑs/ /əˈkɹɒs/ /əˈkɹɔs/ adv
sall
From one side to the other.

acrostic /əˈkɹɑstɪk/ /əˈkɹɒstɪk/ /əˈkɹɔstɪk/ acrostics n
acrastaic acrastach
A poem or other text in which certain letters, often the first in each line, spell out a name or message. [from 16th c.]

acroterium /ˌækɹəˈtɪəɹi.əm/ acroteria n
acraitéiriam
(architecture) One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments, placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment, or upon the gables in Gothic architecture.

acrylic /ə.ˈkɹɪl.ɪk/ adj
aicrileach
(organic chemistry) Derived from acrylic acid or acrylonitrile.
Containing an acrylic resin.

acrylic acid n
aigéad aicrileach

acrylic resin acrylic resins n
aicrileach
(organic chemistry) Any of many thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of these acids, or acrylonitrile; used in paint and many plastics.

acrylonitrile acrylonitriles n
aicrilinítríl
(organic compound) A toxic colourless liquid organic compound, CH2=CH.CN, synthesized from propylene and ammonia; used as a monomer in the production of acrylic resins and synthetic rubber.

act of faith acts of faith n
gníomh creidimh
(religion) An action that demonstrates one's religious faith.

acting /ˈæk.tɪŋ/ adj
gníomhach
Temporarily assuming the duties or authority of another person when they are unable to do their job.

acting /ˈæk.tɪŋ/ actings n
aisteoireacht
(uncountable, drama) The occupation of an actor.

actinic /ækˈtɪn ɪk/ adj
achtanach
(chemistry, photography) Of or relating to actinism, the range of photochemical effects produced by exposure to EM radiation, particularly sunlight.

actinium /ækˈtɪniəm/ actiniums n
achtainiam
A radioactive, metallic chemical element (symbol: Ac) with an atomic number of 89; found in uranium ores.

actino- prefix
achtana-
(physics) actinic radiation

actinometer actinometers n
achtanaiméadar
(physics) A device used to measure the heating power of electromagnetic radiation, especially that of solar radiation.

actinometry /ˌæktɪˈnɒmətɹi/ actinometries n
achtanaiméadracht
the measurement of the heating power of electromagnetic radiation, especially that of solar radiation

actinomycosis actinomycoses n
bualadh teanga
(pathology) An infectious bacterial disease of cattle and swine, sometimes transmitted to man, characterized by the formation of painful abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract, caused by Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae, and Propionibacterium propionicum.

actinozoon actinozoa n
achtanasón
(zoology) One of the Actinozoa.

action /ˈæk.ʃən/ actions n
gníomhaíocht
aicsean
Something done, often so as to accomplish a purpose.
(military) Combat.
(mathematics) A way in which each element of some algebraic structure transforms some other structure or set, in a way which respects the structure of the first. Formally, this may be seen as a morphism from the first structure into some structure of endomorphisms of the second; for example, a group action of a group G on a set S can be seen as a group homomorphism from G into the set of bijections on S (which form a group under function composition), while a module M over a ring R can be defined as an abelian group together with a ring homomorphism from R into the ring of group endomorphisms of M (which is also called the action of R on M).

action painting action paintings n
beo-phéintéireacht
(arts, uncountable) A genre of modern art in which the paint is dribbled, splashed or poured onto the canvas to obtain a spontaneous and totally abstract image.

active matrix active matrices active matrixes n
maitrís bheo
A form of liquid crystal display with a grid of transistors and capacitors that can hold a charge for a limited period of time, contrasted with passive matrix.

active voice active voices n
faí ghníomhach
(grammar, uncountable) The form in which the subject of a verb carries out some action.

active volcano active volcanoes active volcanos n
bolcán beo
(vulcanology, geology) A volcano that has erupted in the last 10,000 years, although not necessarily venting lava or gases now.

activity /ækˈtɪv.ə.ti/ /ækˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/ /ækˈtɪv.ɪ.tiː/ [ækˈtɪv.ə.ɾi] [ækˈtɪv.ɪ.ɾi] activities n
gníomhaíocht
fuadar
(uncountable) The state or quality of being active; activeness.

actor /ˈak.tə/ /ˈæk.tɚ/ actors n
aisteoir
A person who acts a part in a theatrical play or (later) in film or television; a dramatic performer. [from 16th c.]

actress /ˈæk.tɹɪs/ actor actresses n
ban-aisteoir aisteoir mná
(now, _, rare) A female doer or "actor" (in a general sense). [from 16th c.]

actual sin n
coir ghníomhach
(theology) Sin committed by an individual, in contradistinction to original sin.

actuary /ˈæktjʊəɹi/ /ˈæktʃuˌɛɹi/ /ˈæktʃəɹi/ /ˈæktʃʊəɹi/ actuaries n
achtúire
A professional who calculates financial values associated with uncertain events subject to risk, such as insurance premiums or pension contributions.

acupuncture /ˈæ.kju.ˌpʌŋk.t͡ʃɝ/ acupunctures n
snáthaidpholladh
The insertion of needles into the (living) tissue of the body affecting the Qi or energy along energetic pathways of the body called meridians. This modality is traditionally used as a form of internal medical treating all disease and illnesses, in Western countries it is widely used for the purposes of pain relief.

acute accent acute accents n
agúid síneadh fada
(orthography) : A diacritical mark ( ´ ) that can be placed above a number of letters in many languages of the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic writing systems.

acute angle acute angles n
géaruillinn
(mathematics, geometry) An angle measuring less than ninety degrees.

acyl /ˈeɪ.saɪl/ /ˈæ.sɪl/ acyls n
aicil
(organic compound) Any of class of organic radicals, RCO-, formed by the removal of a hydroxyl group from a carboxylic acid.

adamant /ˈæd.ə.mænt/ /ˈæd.ə.mənt/ adamants n
adhmaint
An imaginary rock or mineral of impenetrable hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substances of extreme hardness.

adapt /əˈdæpt/ v
oiriúnaigh
(transitive) To make suitable; to make to correspond; to fit or suit

adaxial adj
onn-aiseach
(botany) On the side that is towards the axis or central line, usually on the upper side.

add insult to injury v
cuir an tarcaisne i gceann na héagóra
(idiomatic) To further a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an already unfavourable situation.

addax /ˈa.daks/ addax addaxes n
adacs
A large African antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) with long, corkscrewing horns which lives in the desert. [from 17th c.]

addendum /əˈden.dəm/ /əˈdɛn.dəm/ addenda addendums n
aguisín breis
Something to be added; especially text added as an appendix or supplement to a document.

adder /ˈædɚ/ adders n
nathair
Heterodon spp. (hog-nosed snakes), a genus of harmless colubrid snakes found in North America
nathair nimhe
Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen, the northern copperhead, a venomous viper found in the eastern United States
The common European adder (Vipera berus).

addict /əˈdɪkt/ /ˈæd.ɪkt/ addicts n
andúileach
A person who is addicted, especially to a harmful drug

addiction /əˈdɪkʃən/ addictions n
andúil
The state of being addicted; devotion; inclination.

addition /əˈdɪʃ.ən/ [əˈdɪʃ.n̩] additions n
agús breis
(uncountable) The act of adding anything.
Anything that is added.

addition reaction addition reactions n
imoibriú suimiúcháin
(chemistry) a reaction in which radicals are added to both sides of a double or triple bond

address /əˈdɹɛs/ /ˈæd.ɹɛs/ addresses n
seoladh
A description of the location of a property, usually with at least a street name and number, name of a town, and now also a postal code; such a description as superscribed for direction on an envelope or letter. [from 17th c.]
(computing) A number identifying a specific storage location in computer memory; a string of characters identifying a location on the internet or other network; sometimes (specifically) an e-mail address. [from 20th c.]

addressee addressees n
seolaí
The person or organization to which something, such as a letter or message, is addressed or sent, for whom the item is intended.

adenine /ˈæ.dəˌniːn/ /ˈæ.dɪˌnɪn/ adenines n
adainín
(biochemistry, genetics) A base, C5H5N5, found in certain glands and tissues, which pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA.

adeno- prefix
adana-
gland

adenocarcinoma adenocarcinomas adenocarcinomata n
adanacarcanóma
(oncology) Any of several forms of carcinoma that originate in glandular tissue.

adenoid /ˈad.ɪn.ɔɪd/ /ˈæd.əˌnɔɪd/ /ˈædˌnɔɪd/ adenoids n
adanóid
(symptom) an abnormally enlarged mass of lymphatic tissue at the back of the pharynx, often obstructing the nasal and ear passages and hindering speaking and breathing in young children.

adenoidal more adenoidal most adenoidal adj
adanóideach
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the adenoids.

adenoma /ædəˈnoʊmə/ adenomas adenomata n
adanóma
(pathology) A benign tumour of the epithelium arising from or resembling a gland.

adenovirus /əˈdɛnəʊˌvaɪɹəs/ adenoviruses n
adanaivíreas
(medicine) Any virus of the family Adenoviridae, many of which are responsible for respiratory infections in humans

adequacy adequacies n
leorgacht
The quality of being sufficient, adequate or able to meet the needs.

adherence /ədˈhɪə.ɹəns/ /ədˈhɪɹ.əns/ adherences n
greamú
A close physical union of two objects.

adhesion /ˌædˈhiː.ʒən/ adhesions n
greamú
The ability of a substance to stick to an unlike substance.

adhesive /ædˈhi.sɪv/ more adhesive most adhesive adj
greamaitheach
sticky; tenacious, as glutinous substances

adhesive /ædˈhi.sɪv/ adhesives n
greamachán ábhar greamaitheach
a substance, such as glue, that provides or promotes adhesion

adhesive tape adhesive tapes n
seilitéip téip ghreamaitheach

adhesiveness adhesivenesses n
greamaitheacht
the quality of being, or the degree to which a thing is, adhesive

adiabatic /ˌeɪ.daɪ.əˈbæt.ɪk/ /ˌeɪ.dɪəˈbæt.ɪk/ /ˌæd.ɪəˈbæt.ɪk/ adj
aidiabatach
(physics, thermodynamics, of a process) That occurs without gain or loss of heat (and thus with no change in entropy, in the quasistatic approximation).

adipose /ˈæd.ɪ.poʊs/ /ˈæd.ɪ.pəʊs/ /ˈæd.ɪ.pəʊz/ more adipose most adipose adj
sailleach
Containing, composed of, or consisting of fat; fatty.

adipose tissue adipose tissues n
fíochán saille
(anatomy) Connective tissue which stores fat, and which cushions and insulates the body.

adit /ˈæ.dɪt/ adits n
tollbhealach
A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage from the surface into a mine, as contrasted with a shaft or vertical entry passage. An adit may be used for ventilation, haulage, drainage, or other purposes.

adjectival /ˌædʒɛkˈtaɪ.vəl/ /ˌæd͡ʒəkˈtaɪ.vəl/ /ˌæd͡ʒəˈtaɪ.vəl/ more adjectival most adjectival adj
aidiachtach aidiachtúil
(grammar) Of or relating to or functioning as an adjective.

adjective /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ək.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɛk.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/ adjectives n
aidiacht
(grammar) A word that modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes a noun’s referent.

adjudge /əˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ/ v
breithnigh
To declare to be.
To deem or determine to be.

adjust /əˈd͡ʒast/ /əˈd͡ʒʌst/ v
ceartaigh
(transitive) To improve or rectify.

adjustment /əˈd͡ʒʌst.mənt/ adjustments n
ceartú gabháil inleadh
The result of adjusting something; a small change; a minor correction; a modification or alteration

adjutancy adjutancies n
aidiúnacht
The state or office of being an adjutant, assistant, or helper.

adjutant /ˈæ.d͡ʒə.tənt/ adjutants n
aidiúnach
(military rank) A lower-ranking officer who assists a higher-ranking officer with administrative affairs.
An assistant.

adjutant general adjutant generals adjutants general n
ardaidiúnach
A military chief administrative officer.

administrator /ədˈmɪnɪstɹeɪtə/ /ədˈmɪnɪstɹeɪtɚ/ administrators n
riarthóir
One who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager
(computing) One who is responsible for software installation, management, information and maintenance of a computer or network

admiral /ˈædməɹl/ /ˈædməɹəl/ /ˈædmɚəl/ /ˈædmɹəl/ admirals n
aimiréal
(military) The appointed commander of a navy, regardless of formal title. [1440]
(military) A high rank in the British and American Navies, NATO grade OF-9, equivalent ranks in other navies, in coast guards, etc.
(zoology) Any of several species of nymphalid butterflies of the genera Kaniska, Limenitis and Vanessa. [1799]

admiral of the fleet admirals of the fleet n
aimiréal de loingeas
(military, UK) The highest rank in the Royal Navy and other Commonwealth navies, NATO grade OF-10, currently only ceremonial.

admiralty /ˈæd.mɪ.ɹəl.ti/ admiralties n
aimiréalacht
(military) The office or jurisdiction of an admiral.

admission /ædˈmɪʃ.ən/ admissions n
admháil
The act or practice of admitting.

adnate more adnate most adnate adj
urnasctha
(botany, mycology) Linked or fused to a structure of a type different from itself; for example, attachment of a stamen to a petal is adnate, while attachment of a stamen to another stamen is connate.

adobe /əˈdoʊ.bi/ /əˈdəʊ.bi/ /əˈdəʊb/ adobes n
adóib
An unburnt brick dried in the sun.

adolescence /ˌædəˈlɛsəns/ adolescences n
ógántacht óige
The transitional period of physical and psychological development between childhood and maturity.

adorer adorers n
adhraitheoir
Someone who adores.

adornment adornments n
maise maisiúchán
A decoration; that which adorns.
maisiú ornú
The act of decorating.

adrenal /æˈdɹiːnəl/ more adrenal most adrenal adj
aidréineach
Pertaining to the adrenal glands or their secretions.

adrenal gland adrenal glands n
faireog aidréineach
(anatomy) In mammals, either of a pair of complex endocrine glands, situated above each kidney, secreting hormones which control the heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism.

adrenaline /əˈdɹɛnəlɪn/ adrenalines n
aidréanailín
(hormone) Epinephrine, the hormone and neurotransmitter.

adreno- prefix
aidréini-
Relating to the adrenal gland.

adroitness adroitnesses n
aclaíocht
skillfulness or ease of ability.

adsorb /ədˈsɔːb/ /ədˈzɔːb/ v
asúigh
(transitive, physical chemistry, physics) To accumulate on a surface, by adsorption.

adsorbate /ədˈsɔːbeɪt/ adsorbates n
asúiteán
a substance that has been adsorbed

adsorption adsorptions n
asú asúchán
The adhesion of a liquid or gas on the surface of a solid material, forming a thin film on the surface.

adulate /ˈæ.d͡ʒə.leɪt/ v
bladair
To flatter effusively.

adult /əˈdʌlt/ /ˈæd.əlt/ /ˈæd.ʌlt/ more adult most adult adj
aosach aosaithe fásta
Fully grown.
aosach d'aosaigh
(of a beverage) Containing alcohol, intended for consumption only by adults.
(of a cookie, gummy, etc.) Containing marijuana, intended for consumption only by adults.
Containing excessive vulgar or profane speech, text or images, intended only for adults.

adult /əˈdʌlt/ /ˈæd.əlt/ /ˈæd.ʌlt/ adults n
aosach duine duine aosach duine fásta
A fully grown human or other animal.

adulterate /əˈdʌltəɹeɪt/ /əˈdʌltəɹət/ /əˈdʌltəˌɹeɪt/ [-ˈdɒl-] [-ˈdəl-] v
adhaltranaigh truailligh truaillmheasc
(transitive) To corrupt, to debase (someone or something).

adulterer /əˈdʌltəɹə/ /əˈdʌltəɹɚ/ adulterers adulteress n
adhaltrach banadhaltrach
One who commits adultery: a spouse who has sex with a non-spouse

adulteress adulterer adulteresses n
banadhaltrach
A female adulterer, a married woman or wife who commits adultery.

adulterous /əˈdʌltəɹəs/ more adulterous most adulterous adj
adhaltrach
Of, or characterized by adultery.

adultery /əˈdʌltəɹi/ adulteries n
adhaltranas
(narrowly) Sexual intercourse by a married person with someone other than their spouse. See more synonyms at Thesaurus:cuckoldry

adumbration /-əm-/ /ˌædəmˈbɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌædʌmˈbɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ adumbrations n
sgandidheacht
(uncountable) The state of being in shadow or shade; (countable) a shadow.

advance /ədˈvaːns/ /ədˈvæns/ /ədˈvɑːns/ advances n
ionsaí
A forward move; improvement or progression.
airleacan
An amount of money or credit, especially given as a loan, or paid before it is due; an advancement.

advance /ədˈvaːns/ /ədˈvæns/ /ədˈvɑːns/ v
ionsaigh
(intransitive) To move forwards; to approach. [from 16th c.]

advantage /ədˈvæn.(t)ɪd͡ʒ/ /ədˈvɑːn.tɪd͡ʒ/ advantages n
brabús
buntáiste
(countable) Any condition, circumstance, opportunity or means, particularly favorable or chance to success, or to any desired end.

advantageous /ˌædvənˈteɪd͡ʒəs/ more advantageous most advantageous adj
buntáisteach
Being of advantage, beneficial.

advantageousness n
buntáistíocht
The state or quality of being advantageous.

advection /ædˈvɛkʃən/ advections n
trasiompar
(meteorology, earth science, physical chemistry) The horizontal movement of a body of atmosphere (or other fluid) along with a concurrent transport of its temperature, humidity etc.
(physics) The transport of a scalar by bulk fluid motion.

adventitious /ˌæd.vənˈtɪʃ.əs/ /ˌæd.vɛnˈtɪʃ.əs/ more adventitious most adventitious adj
aidbhinteach
(biology) Developing in an unusual place or from an unusual source.

adventure /ædˈvɛnt͡ʃɚ/ /ədˈvɛnt͡ʃə/ /ədˈvɛnt͡ʃɚ/ adventures n
eachtra
A daring feat; a bold undertaking, in which dangers are likely to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; the encountering of risks.

adverb /ˈæd.vɜːb/ /ˈæd.vɝb/ adverbs n
dobhriathar
(grammar) A word that modifies a verb, adjective, other adverbs, or various other types of words, phrases, or clauses.
(programming) In the Raku programming language, a named parameter that modifies the behavior of a routine.

advertiser /ˈædvɚˌtaɪzɚ/ advertisers n
fógróir lucht fógraíochta
One who advertises.

advertising /ˈædvəˌtaɪzɪŋ/ /ˈædvɚˌtaɪzɪŋ/ advertisings n
fógraíocht
The industry or profession made up of such communications.

advice /ædˈvaɪs/ /ədˈvaɪs/ advices n
airle
(uncountable) An opinion offered to guide behavior in an effort to be helpful.

advocacy /æd.ˈvo.kə.si/ /æd.ˈvoʊ.kə.si/ /ˈæd.və.kə.si/ advocacies n
abhcóideacht
The profession of an advocate.
The act of arguing in favour of, or supporting someone or something.
The practice of supporting someone to make their voice heard.

advocate /ˈæd.və.keɪt/ /ˈæd.və.kət/ advocates n
abhcóide
Anyone who argues the case of another; an intercessor. [from 14th c.]

adware n
bogearraí fógraíochta
(computing) A software application that includes advertisements, which are displayed while the software is running. Developers use adware as a source of income and to keep the costs of the software down (usually making it free). Some adware programs can include spyware.

adze /ædz/ adzes n
tál
A cutting tool that has a curved blade set at a right angle to the handle and is used in shaping wood.

aeolian /iˈoʊ.li.ən/ /iˈoʊl.jən/ adj
aeólach
of, or relating to the wind.

aeolian harp aeolian harps n
cláirseach Aeólach
(musical instrument) An open box over which strings are stretched that sound when the wind passes over them.

aerate /ˈɛːɹeɪt/ v
aeraigh
(transitive) To supply with oxygen or air.

aerated more aerated most aerated adj
aeraithe drithleach gásach
Supplied or infused with air or oxygen.

aeration /ɛːˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ aerations n
aerú
By extension, a process in which other gases (such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen or argon) are circulated through or mixed with a substance (usually liquid), sometimes with the consequence of increasing the transfer of air into the same liquid at the surface due to the induced circulation.

aerator aerators n
aerthóir
A device which mixes air with a substance, particularly soil or a liquid.

aerenchyma aerenchymae aerenchymas n
aereincíoma
(botany) A spongy, airy tissue found especially in the roots of aquatic plants

aerial /eɪˈɛəɹɪəl/ /eɪˈɪəɹɪəl/ /ˈɛəɹiəl/ /ˈɛəɹɪəl/ /ˈɛɹiəl/ more aerial most aerial adj
aerga
Ethereal, insubstantial; imaginary. [from 16th c.]

aerial /eɪˈɛəɹɪəl/ /eɪˈɪəɹɪəl/ /ˈɛəɹiəl/ /ˈɛəɹɪəl/ /ˈɛɹiəl/ aerials n
aeróg
(chiefly, _, UK) A rod, wire, or other structure for receiving or transmitting radio, television signals etc.

aerial cableway aerial cableways n
cáblabhealach aerga
A large assortment of cables, suspended above the ground at a minesite or quarry, used to transport tools and equipment over rough territory.

aerial photography n
aer-ghrianghrafadóireacht aerfótagrafaíocht
The activity or technique of photographing the earth's surface from an aircraft, rocket, etc.

aerial railway aerial railways n
cábla aerga
A system involving an enclosed carriage suspended on a series of wires, usually attached to a steep mountain slope, used for personal transportation over normally untraversable territory.

aerobic /əˈɹoʊ.bɪk/ /ɛəˈɹoʊ.bɪk/ /ɛəˈɹəʊ.bɪk/ adj
aeróbach
Living or occurring only in the presence of oxygen e.g. aerobic bacteria.
Of or relating to aerobics.

aeroboard n
aerachlár
(Ireland) Expanded polystyrene foam, such as is used in insulation.

aerodrome aerodromes n
aeradróm
An airfield:

aerodynamic more aerodynamic most aerodynamic adj
aeraidinimiciúil
of, or relating to the science of aerodynamics

aerodynamical more aerodynamical most aerodynamical adj
aeraidinimiciúil
Synonym of aerodynamic

aerodynamics n
aeraidinimic
The science of the dynamics of bodies moving relative to gases, especially the interaction of moving objects with the atmosphere.

aerography n
aeragrafaíocht

aerolite /ˈɛə.ɹə.laɪt/ aerolites n
aerailít
A meteorite consisting of silicate minerals.

aerology /ɛəˈɹɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ɛɚˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ aerologies n
aereolaíocht
The branch of meteorology involving the observation of the atmosphere by means of balloons, kites, rockets, drones, airplanes, etc.

aeronautics /ˌɛə.ɹəʊˈnɔː.tɪks/ /ˌɛɚ.oʊˈnɑ.tɪks/ /ˌɛɚ.oʊˈnɔ.tɪks/ [ˌɛɚ.oʊˈnɑ.ɾɪks] [ˌɛɚ.oʊˈnɔ.ɾɪks] n
aerloingseoireacht
The theory and practice of aircraft navigation

aerophone aerophones n
aerafón
Any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes, and without the vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound.

aerophysics n
aeraifisic
(physics) The physics of the design and construction of aerodynamic devices

aerosol /ˈɛə.ɹəˌsɒl/ /ˈɛɚ.əˌsɑl/ /ˈɛɚ.əˌsɔl/ aerosols n
aerasól
A mixture of fine solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in a gaseous medium.

aerospace /ˈæ.ɹoʊ.ˌspeɪs/ aerospaces n
aeraspás
The atmosphere of the Earth and the region of space around it.

aerostatics n
aerastataic
(physics) the study of gases in equilibrium and of balloons or aircraft in varying atmospheric conditions

aesthete /ˈiːs.θiːt/ /ˈɛs.θiːt/ aesthetes n
aeistéitire
(often, derogatory) Someone who cultivates an unusually high sensitivity to beauty, as in art or nature, often in a manner perceived to prioritize beauty over other qualities such as virtue and utility.

aesthetic /iːsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /æsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /əsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɪsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɪsˈθɛtɪk/ more aesthetic most aesthetic adj
aeistéitice aeistéitiúil
Concerned with beauty, artistic effect, or appearance.

aesthetic /iːsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /æsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /əsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɪsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɪsˈθɛtɪk/ aesthetics n
aeistéitiúil
That which appeals to the senses.

aesthetics /ɛsˈtɛt.ɪks/ /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪks/ aesthetics n
aeistéitic
The study or philosophy of beauty.

affair /əˈfɛə/ /əˈfɛɚ/ /əˈfɛɹ/ affairs n
rud
A material object (vaguely designated).

affect /əˈfɛkt/ v
téigh i bhfeidhm ar
(transitive) To influence or alter.

affection /əˈfɛk.t͡ʃən/ /əˈfɛk.ʃən/ affections n
caithis
A feeling of love or strong attachment.

affectionate /əˈfɛkʃənət/ more affectionate most affectionate adj
caithiseach ceanúil cionmhar grámhar muirneach
(of a person) Having affection or warm regard; loving; fond.

affiance /əˈfaɪ.əns/ v
luaigh le
(transitive) To be betrothed to; to promise to marry.

affinity /əˈfɪnɪti/ affinities n
cleamhnas
A family relationship through marriage of a relative (e.g. sister-in-law), as opposed to consanguinity (e.g. sister).

affirmative /əˈfɜːmətɪv/ /əˈfɝmətɪv/ more affirmative most affirmative adj
deimhneach
dearfach
(algebra) positive; not negative

affliction /əˈflɪkʃən/ afflictions n
angar doilíos galar
A state of pain, suffering, distress or agony.

affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/ /əˈfɔː(ɹ).də.bəl/ more affordable most affordable adj
d'acmhainn de ghustal
Able to be afforded; inexpensive or reasonably priced.

afforest /əˈfɒɹɪst/ /əˈfɔɹɪst/ v
coilltigh foraoisigh
(transitive) To make into forest

afforestation afforestations n
coillteoireacht foraoisiú
The act or process of creating a new forest where none had existed before, or reforestation of areas long deforested.

affricate /ˈæf.ɹə.keɪt/ /ˈæf.ɹə.kət/ /ˈæf.ɹɪ.keɪt/ /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kət/ affricates n
aifricéad
(phonetics) A sound produced using a combination of a plosive and a fricative.

affront /əˈfɹʌnt/ affronts n
tarcaisne
An open or intentional offense, slight, or insult.

affront /əˈfɹʌnt/ v
maslaigh
(transitive) To insult intentionally, especially openly.

afoot /əˈfʉt/ /əˈfʊt/ adv
ar bun ar siúl
(figurative) In motion; in action; astir; stirring; in progress.

afraid /əˈfɹeɪd/ more afraid most afraid adj
eaglach tá eagla orm
Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear.
is eagal le
(colloquial) Regretful, sorry; expressing a reluctance to face an unpleasant situation.

aft /æft/ further aft furthest aft more aft most aft adv
sa deireadh thiar sa deireadh
(nautical) At, near, or towards the stern of a vessel (with the frame of reference within the vessel).

after /ˈaf.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈæ.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈæf.tɚ/ /ˈɑː.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈɑːf.tə(ɹ)/ adv
tar éis
Behind; later in time; following.

after /ˈaf.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈæ.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈæf.tɚ/ /ˈɑː.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈɑːf.tə(ɹ)/ preposition
i ndiaidh tar éis
Subsequently to; following in time; later than.

after all
i ndeireadh na dála
(idiomatic) in the end, however; used in referring to something that was believed to be the case, but is not; or to an outcome that is not what was expected or predicted.

afterbirth /ˈæf.tɚ.bɚθ/ afterbirths n
beireatas broghais bruán salachar slánú streachlán
The placenta and other material expelled via the birth canal following childbirth or parturition in mammals.

afterburner afterburners n
iardhóire
(aviation) A device in a jet engine which injects fuel into the exhaust system to increase the thrust.

afterdeck afterdecks n
lárbhord
(nautical) The part of a ship's deck from amidships toward the stern

aftergrass aftergrasses n
cluain
The grass that grows after the first crop has been mown.

aftergrowth aftergrowths n
athfhás
A second growth, seen in plants like crops or timber after harvesting.

afterlife /ˈæftɚˌlaɪf/ /ˈɑːftəˌlaɪf/ afterlifes afterlives n
saol eile
A conscious existence after death; a supernatural life that follows one's natural life, in some worldviews.

aftermath /ˈæf.tə.ˌmæθ/ /ˈæf.tɚ.ˌmæθ/ /ˈɑːf.tə.ˌmɑːθ/ aftermaths n
athbharr
(obsolete, agriculture) A second mowing; the grass which grows after the first crop of hay in the same season.
iarmhairt toradh
That which happens after, that which follows, usually of strongly negative connotation in most contexts, implying a preceding catastrophe.

afternoon /af.təɾˈnʉːn/ /ˌæf.tɚ.ˈnun/ /ˌɑːf.tə.ˈnuːn/ afternoons n
tráthnóna iarnóin nóin
The part of the day from noon or lunchtime until sunset, evening, or suppertime or 6pm.

afternoon tea afternoon teas n
tae beag
(UK) A formal afternoon meal comprising light snacks, accompanied by tea.
(Australia, NZ, Hong Kong) A small meal or snack eaten between lunch and dinner (supper); a period of time set aside for this purpose, taken as a break from work or from a conference.

aftershave aftershaves n
lóis iarbhearrtha
a lotion, gel, or liquid used after finishing shaving

aftershock aftershocks n
iarchrith
An earthquake that follows in the same vicinity as another, usually larger, earthquake (the "mainshock").

afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/ /ˈɑːftə.wədz/ adv
ina dhiaidh sin
(temporal location) At a later or succeeding time.

again /əˈɡeɪn/ /əˈɡɛn/ [əˈɡɪn] adv
arís
Tell me again, say again; used in asking a question to which one may have already received an answer that one cannot remember.
arís athuair
Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion. [from 16thc.]

against /əˈɡeɪnst/ /əˈɡɛnst/ [əˈɡeə̯nst] [əˈɡɛːnst] preposition
in aghaidh in éadan
In a contrary direction to.
(Hollywood) To be paid now in contrast to the following amount to be paid later under specified circumstances, usually that a movie is made or has started filming.
in aghaidh i gcoinne in éadan
In physical opposition to; in collision with.

against the grain /əˈɡɛnst ðə ɡɹeɪn/
in aghaidh an stuif
(idiomatic) Contrary to what is expected; especially, of behavior different from what society expects.
(idiomatic) Unwillingly, reluctantly; contrary to one's nature.

agaric /əˈɡæɹɪk/ /əˈɡɑːɹɪk/ /ˈæɡəɹɪk/ agarics n
agairg
Any of various fungi, principally of the order Agaricales, having fruiting bodies consisting of umbrella-like caps, on stalks, with numerous gills beneath.

agate /ˈæɡ.ət/ /ˈæɡ.ɪt/ agates n
agáit
(countable, uncountable, mineral) A semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two.
(slang, usually, in the plural) A testicle.

agave /əˈɡeɪviː/ /əˈɡɑːveɪ/ agaves n
agáibhe
Any plant in the large, variable genus Agave: succulent plants, commonly armed with formidable prickles; they flower at maturity after several years, and generally die thereafter; large species, such as the maguey or century plant, (Agave americana), produce gigantic inflorescences. Several are of economic importance as sources of fibre such as sisal, and alcoholic beverages such as tequila.

age /eɪd͡ʒ/ ages n
aois
(countable) The time of life at which some particular power or capacity is understood to become vested.
(countable) A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others.
(uncountable) That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; specifically the size of that part.
(uncountable) Mature age; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities.
aois foirfeacht
(uncountable) An advanced period of life; the latter part of life; the state of being old, old age, senility; seniority.

agency /ˈeɪ.d͡ʒən.si/ agencies n
gníomhaireacht
The office or function of an agent; also, the relationship between a principal and that person's agent.
An establishment engaged in doing business for another; also, the place of business or the district of such an agency.

aggressive /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/ more aggressive most aggressive adj
ionsaitheach amasach
Characterized by aggression; unjustly attacking; prone to behave in a way that involves attacking or arguing.

aggressor aggressors n
ionsaitheoir
The person or country that first attacks or makes an aggression; that begins hostility or a quarrel; an assailant.

agile /ˈæd͡ʒ.aɪl/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.əl/ agiler agilest more agile most agile adj
lúfar
Having the faculty of quick motion in the limbs; apt or ready to move.

agility /əˈd͡ʒɪl.ə.ti/ /əˈd͡ʒɪl.ɪ.ti/ [əˈd͡ʒɪl.ə.ɾi] agilities n
aclaíocht lúth
(uncountable) The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily; quickness of motion

agnostic /aɡˈnɒstɪk/ /æɡˈnɑstɪk/ /æɡˈnɔstɪk/ more agnostic most agnostic adj
agnóisíoch
Of or relating to agnosticism or its adherents.

agnostic /aɡˈnɒstɪk/ /æɡˈnɑstɪk/ /æɡˈnɔstɪk/ agnostics n
agnóisí
A person who holds to a form of agnosticism, especially uncertainty of the existence of a deity.

ago /əˈɡoʊ/ /əˈɡəʊ/ preposition
ó shin
(used postpositively) Before now.

agogo bell agogo bells n
agógó
A percussion instrument consisting of two or three small conical bells, similar to a cowbell, and typically played by striking them with a drumstick.

agonic /əˈɡɑnik/ /əˈɡɒnɪk/ adj
aindiallais aindiallasach
(cartography, navigation) Having a magnetic deviation of zero.

agonic line agonic lines n
líne aindiallais
(cartography, navigation) A line on a chart or map joining points of zero magnetic declination.

agonizing /ˈæɡ.ə.naɪ.zɪŋ/ more agonizing most agonizing adj
coscrach léanmhar pianpháiseach piolóideach
Causing physical or mental agony.

agoraphobia /əˌɡɔɹ.əˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ /əˌɡɔː.ɹəˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌæɡ.ə.ɹəˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌæɡ.ɚ.əˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ agoraphobias n
agrafóibe uamhan sráide
The fear of wide open spaces, crowds, or uncontrolled social conditions.

agree /əˈɡɹi/ /əˈɡɹiː/ v
aontaigh
(intransitive) To be in harmony about an opinion, statement, or action; to have a consistent idea between two or more people.

agreeable /əˈɡɹiːəbl/ more agreeable most agreeable adj
sásta
(dated) Willing; ready to agree or consent.

agreement /əˈɡɹiːmənt/ agreements n
conradh
(countable) An understanding between entities to follow a specific course of conduct.
aontas
(uncountable, linguistics, grammar) Rules that exist in many languages that force some parts of a sentence to be used or inflected differently depending on certain attributes of other parts.
(obsolete, chiefly, _, in the plural) An agreeable quality.

agricultural /ˌæɡɹɪˈkʌltjʊəɹəl/ /ˌæɡɹɪˈkʌlt͡ʃəɹəl/ more agricultural most agricultural adj
talmhaíoch
Of or pertaining to agriculture

agriculturalist /ˌæɡɹɪˈkʌlt͡ʃəɹəlɪst/ agriculturalists n
talmhaíochtaí
A farmer; one involved with agrarian business.

agriculture /ˈeɪɡɹɪˌkʌlt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈæɡɹɪˌkʌltʃə/ /ˈæɡɹɪˌkʌlt͡ʃɚ/ agricultures n
talmhaíocht
The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of livestock.

agriculturist agriculturists n
talmhaí
One who practices agriculture, a farmer, a gardener.

agrimony /ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.mən.i/ /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌmoʊ.ni/ agrimonies n
airgeadán marbhdhraighean
Any of several perennial herbaceous plants, of the genus Agrimonia, that have spikes of yellow flowers.

agritourism n
agrathurasóireacht
A form of tourism in which tourists stay in farms or agricultural villages, either to experience farm life, or as a base for exploring the countryside

agronomy /əˈɡɹɑːnəmi/ /əˈɡɹɒnəmi/ agronomies n
geilleagar talmhaíochta
The science of utilizing plants, animals and soils for food, fuel, feed, and fiber and more. To do this effectively and sustainably, agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, animal sciences and soil science.

ah /ɑː/ interjection
á
An expression of relief, relaxation, comfort, confusion, understanding, wonder, awe, etc. according to uttered inflection.

aid /eɪd/ aids n
cabhair cuidiú cúnamh
(uncountable) Help; assistance; succor, relief.

aileron /ˈeɪləɹɒn/ ailerons n
ailearán
The hinged part on the trailing edge of an airplane wing, used to control longitudinal turns.

ailment /ˈeɪlmənt/ ailments n
breoiteacht
Something which ails one; a disease; sickness.

aim /eɪm/ aims n
aimsiú
The pointing of a weapon, as a gun, a dart, or an arrow, or object, in the line of direction with the object intended to be struck; the line of fire; the direction of anything, such as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a remark, towards a particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect it.
aidhm
The point intended to be hit, or object intended to be attained or affected.
Intention or goal.

aim /eɪm/ v
aimsigh
(intransitive) To direct the intention or purpose; to attempt the accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor;—followed by at, or by an infinitive
(transitive) To direct or point (e.g. a weapon), at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object

aimless /ˈeɪm.ləs/ more aimless most aimless adj
fánach
Without aim, purpose, or direction.

aimlessness aimlessnesses n
fánaíocht
The state or quality of being aimless, or without purpose or direction.

air /eə̯/ /eː/ /ɛə̯/ /ɛɚ/ /ɛɹ/ /ɛː/ [ɪə̯~eə̯] airs n
aer
(historical, philosophy, alchemy) One of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
(uncountable, loosely) The substance of the atmosphere on a planet other than Earth.

air base air bases n
aerionad
(military) A military airport, providing housing and support for aircraft and personnel.

air brick air bricks n
aerbhríce
(architecture) A brick-sized block with holes which is embedded in a wall to allow ventilation through it.

air cell air cells n
aerchill
(medicine) Spaces that contain air in the bones of the skull.

air chief marshal air chief marshals n
príomh-aermharascal
A holder of the most senior active rank in the Royal Air Force, NATO grade OF-9.

air conditioner air conditioners n
aerchóiritheoir
A machine that is used to control temperature and humidity in an enclosed space.

air corridor air corridors n
aerchonair aerlána
(aviation) A predefined route, or series of routes, in which a commercial or military aircraft must fly.

air cushion air cushions n
aerchúisín cúisín
A layer of trapped air that supports a hovercraft.

air force /ˈɛə(ɹ) ˌfɔː(ɹ)s/ air forces n
aerarm aerfhórsa
A branch of the military mainly devoted to air warfare, as opposed to (land) army and (sea) navy.

air guitar air guitars n
aerghiotár
An imaginary guitar that a listener to (usually rock) music pretends to play.

air gun /ˈeə(ɹ).ɡʌn/ /ˈɛɹ.ɡə/ air guns n
aerghunna
A gun that propels a projectile by compressed air.

air marshal air marshals n
aermharascal
(British, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, military) A military rank between that of air vice-marshal and air chief marshal, equivalent to an army lieutenant general.

air pump air pumps n
aerchaidéal
A pump that moves air either into or out of something.

air raid air raids n
aer-ruathar
An attack on a surface target by aircraft.

air strike air strikes n
aer-ruathar
(military) An attack on a ground or naval target by one or more aircraft or missiles.

air travel n
aerthaisteal
Journeying through the sky, usually in an aeroplane.

air-condition v
aeroiriúnaigh
To mechanically cool a space or an entire structure.

air-cooled adj
aerfhuaraithe
Cooled by air (such as an engine, rather than by other means such as water).

airborne adj
aerbheirthe
In or carried by the air.

airbrake airbrakes n
aerchoscán
A brake (slowing device) that is operated pneumatically (by air pressure).
coscáin eitilte
(aviation) A movable control surface that extends to increase drag without affecting lift (unlike a spoiler); a device that provides aerodynamic braking.

airbrush airbrushes n
aerdhathadóir
A miniature, handheld paint sprayer, powered by compressed air or other gas, used for delicate, artistic painting, or sometimes retouching of photographs.

aircraft /ˈɛə.kɹɑːft/ /ˈɛəɹ.kɹæft/ /ˈɛː.kɹɑːft/ /ˈɛːɹ.kɹæft/ aircraft n
aerárthach
A vehicle capable of atmospheric flight due to interaction with the air, such as buoyancy or lift

aircraft carrier aircraft carriers n
iompróir aerárthaí
A warship designed to carry aircraft, serving as a seagoing air base, with a deck on which aircraft can be launched and landed.

airfield airfields n
aerpháirc
(aviation) An open field designated for the taking off and landing of aircraft, but which, unlike an airport, does not necessarily have terminals or paved runways.

airfoil airfoils n
aereiteog
A structure shaped to produce lift when moving in air.

airline airlines n
aerlíne
A company that flies airplanes to transport people and goods.

airliner airliners n
aerlínéar
A passenger-carrying aircraft, especially one of a fleet operated by an airline.

airlock airlocks n
aerbhac seomra aerdhíonach
A sealed, airtight chamber, such as in a manned spacecraft or submarine, used to provide access to and from the sealed area without allowing air out or water in.

airmail /ˈɛə.meɪl/ airmails n
aerphost
The system of conveying mail using aircraft.

airmanship n
eitleoireacht
Skill in and knowledge of the work of navigating and operating an aircraft.

airplane /ˈeɹˌpleɪ̯n/ /ˈɛəˌpleɪ̯n/ /ˈɛɚˌpleɪ̯n/ /ˈɛːˌpleɪ̯n/ airplanes n
eitleán
(chiefly, US, Canada, Philippines, AU, NZ) A powered heavier-than-air aircraft with fixed wings.

airport /ˈɛə.pɔːt/ /ˈɛɹ.pɔɹt/ airports n
aerfort
An airfield (an area designated for the takeoff and landing of aircraft), including one or more runways and (for commercial airports) one or more passenger terminals.

airscrew airscrews n
aerscriú
The propeller of an aircraft; the prop.

airspace airspaces n
aerspás
(politics, aviation) A specified portion of the atmosphere, especially that under the technical aviation control and/or jurisdiction of a particular state over which territory (and territorial waters) it lies.
(aviation) that part of the sky designated for the sole use of aircraft.

airstrip /ˈɛə(ɹ)stɹɪp/ airstrips n
aerstiall
An aircraft landing field, usually with one runway and only basic facilities.

airtight more airtight most airtight adj
aerdhíonach aeriata aerobach
Impermeable to air or other gases.
cruinn doshéanta
(figuratively) Having no weak points or flaws.

airway airways n
aerbhealach
(aviation) A flight path used by aeroplanes.

airwoman airwomen n
baneitleoir
A woman who flies in an aircraft; a female aviator.

airworthiness n
acmhainn eitleoireachta
The state of being airworthy.

airworthy airworthier airworthiest more airworthy most airworthy adj
aeracmhainneach
Meeting standards for safe flight

airy /ˈɛəɹ.i/ airier airiest adj
análach
Relating or belonging to air; high in air; aerial.
Open to a free current of air; exposed to the air; breezy.
aerach alluaiceach
light-hearted; vivacious

aisle /aɪ̯l/ aisles n
taobhroinn
A wing of a building, notably in a church separated from the nave proper by piers.
A clear path through rows of seating.

aitch /ˈeɪt͡ʃ/ aitches n
héis uath
The name of the Latin-script letter H/h.

akinete akinetes n
aicinéit
(biology) A thick-walled, dormant cell found in cyanobacteria and green algae

alabaster /ˈæl.əˌbæs.tə/ /ˈæl.əˌbæs.tɚ/ /ˈæl.əˌbɑːs.tə/ alabasters n
albastar
A fine-grained white or lightly-tinted variety of gypsum, used ornamentally.

alanine alanines n
alainín
(amino acid, uncountable) A nonessential amino acid 2-aminopropanoic acid found in most animal proteins

alarm /əˈlɑɹm/ /əˈlɑːm/ alarms n
aláram creill

alas /ɘˈlɛs/ /əˈlæs/ /əˈlɑːs/ interjection
abhó faraor
Used to express sorrow, regret, compassion, grief, resignation, or disappointment.

alatern alaterns n
aderno
An ornamental evergreen shrub (Rhamnus alaternus; Italian buckthorn).

alb /ælb/ /ɑːlb/ albs n
ailb
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Anglicanism, Roman Catholicism) A long, white robe worn by priests and other ministers, underneath most of the other vestments.

albatross /ˈæl.bəˌtɹɑs/ /ˈæl.bəˌtɹɒs/ /ˈæl.bəˌtɹɔs/ albatross albatrosses n
albatras
Any of various large seabirds of the family Diomedeidae ranging widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific and having a hooked beak and long narrow wings.
bró mhuilinn
(figurative) A long-term impediment, burden, or curse.

albinism /ˈælbəˌnɪzəm/ albinisms n
ailbíneachas bán na súl
Congenital lack of melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); the condition of being albino.

albino /alˈbiːnoː/ /ælˈbaɪnoʊ/ /ælˈbiːnəʊ/ albinoes albinos n
ailbíneach bánaí
(countable) A person or animal congenitally lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); one born with albinism.

album /ˈælbəm/ [ˈaɫb̚m̩] alba albums n
albam
A book specially designed to keep photographs, stamps, or autographs.
A phonograph record that is composed of several tracks
A jacket or cover for such a phonograph record.
A group of audio recordings, on any medium, intended for distribution as a group.

albumen /ælˈbjuːmən/ /ˈalbjʊmɪn/ /ˈælbjʊmən/ albumens albumina n
albaimín gealacán gealacán uibhe
The white part of an egg; being mostly the protein albumin and water.

albumin /æl.ˈbjuː.mən/ /ˈalbjʊmɪn/ albumins n
albaimin
(protein) Any of a class of monomeric proteins that are soluble in water, and are coagulated by heat; they occur in egg white, milk etc; they function as carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and play a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume.

albuminous /ælˈbjuː.mɪn.əs/ adj
albaimineach
Relating to, containing, or having the properties of albumen or albumin.

alchemist /ˈæl.kə.mɪst/ alchemists n
ailceimiceoir ailceimicí
One who practices alchemy.

alchemy /ˈælkəmi/ alchemies n
ailceimic
(uncountable) The premodern and early modern study of physical changes, particularly in Europe, Arabia, and China; and chiefly in pursuit of an elixir of immortality, a universal panacea, and/or a philosopher's stone able to transmute base metals into gold, eventually developing into chemistry.

alcohol /ˈæl.kə.hɑl/ /ˈæl.kə.hɒl/ /ˈæl.kə.hɔl/ /ˈɑl.kə.hɑl/ /ˈɑl.kə.hɔl/ alcohols n
alcól
(organic compound, countable) Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).
alcól deoch mheisciúil
(uncountable) Beverages containing ethanol, collectively.

alcoholic /ˌæl.kəˈhɑ.lɪk/ /ˌæl.kəˈhɒl.ɪk/ /ˌæl.kəˈhɔ.lɪk/ alcoholics n
alcólach
A person who is addicted to alcohol.
One who abuses alcohol.

aldehyde /ˈæl.dɪ.haɪd/ aldehydes n
aildéad
(organic compound) Any of a large class of reactive organic compounds (R·CHO) having a carbonyl functional group attached to one hydrocarbon radical and a hydrogen atom.

alder /ˈɑldɚ/ /ˈɔldɚ/ /ˈɔːldə/ alders n
fearnóg
Any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Alnus, belonging to the birch family.

alder buckthorn alder buckthorns n
draighean fearna
A deciduous shrub, Frangula alnus, native to Europe and neighboring areas of Asia and Africa, bearing glossy leaves, flowers in sessile umbels, and inedible red berries that turn black when ripe, and historically used as a laxative and to produce dyes.

aldol /ˈældɒl/ aldols n
aldól
(organic chemistry) Any aldehyde or ketone having a hydroxy group in the beta-position

aldolase aldolases n
aldóláis
(enzyme) An enzyme, present in some tissue, that catalyses the conversion of phosphates of fructose to those of glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone

aldosterone /ælˈdɑstəˌɹoʊn/ /ælˈdɒstəɹəʊn/ aldosterones n
aldaistéarón
(steroid hormone) A mineralocorticoid hormone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, that regulates the balance of sodium and potassium in the body.

ale /eɪl/ ales n
leann
A beer produced by so-called warm fermentation and not pressurized.

alembic /əˈlɛm.bɪk/ alembics n
ailimic
An early chemical apparatus, consisting of two retorts connected by a tube, used to purify substances by distillation.

alert /əˈlɜːt/ /əˈlɝt/ more alert most alert adj
airdeallach beo-intinneach biorbach braiteach fuireachair
Attentive; awake; on guard.

aleurone /əˈl(j)ʊəɹəʊn/ aleurones n
aileorón
(protein) The protein content of the embryo, endosperm, or perisperm of cereals, in the form of minute particles.

alfalfa /ælˈfælfə/ alfalfas n
alfalfa
(uncountable) A plant, principally of Medicago sativa, grown as a pasture crop.

alga /ˈæl.ɡə/ algae n
alga feamainn
(biology) Any of many aquatic photosynthetic organisms, including the seaweeds, whose size ranges from a single cell to giant kelps and whose biochemistry and forms are very diverse, some being eukaryotic.

algal /ˈælɡəl/ adj
algach
Pertaining to, or like, algae.

algebra /ˈæl.dʒɪ.bɹə/ /ˈæl.d͡ʒə.bɹə/ /ˈæl.d͡ʒɪ.bɹə/ algebras n
ailgéabar
(uncountable, mathematics) Elementary algebra: A system for representing and manipulating unknown quantities (variables) in equations.
(countable, mathematics, algebra) Any of several objects of study in Algebra

algebraic /ˌæl.d͡ʒɪˈbɹeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌæl.d͡ʒɪˈbɹæɪ.ɪk/ more algebraic most algebraic adj
ailgéabrach
Of, or relating to, algebra.

algin /ˈæl.dʒɪn/ algins n
ailgin
Any of various gelatinous gums, derivatives of alginic acid, derived from marine brown algae and used especially as emulsifiers or thickeners.

alginate /ˈæl.dʒɪ.neɪt/ alginates n
ailgionáit
(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of alginic acid.

alginic /ælˈdʒɪn.ɪk/ adj
ailgineach
(biochemistry) Relating to alginic acid or its derivatives.

algologist /ælˈɡɒlədʒɪst/ algologists n
algeolaí
One who studies algology.

algology n
algeolaíocht
The branch of botany dealing with algae.

alias /ˈeɪ.li.əs/ aliases n
ailias ainm bréige
Another name; an assumed name.

alien /ˈeɪ.li.ən/ more alien most alien adj
coimhthíoch
Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign.
Very unfamiliar, strange, or removed.

alien /ˈeɪ.li.ən/ aliens n
coimhthíoch
A person, animal, plant, or other thing which is from outside the family, group, organization, or territory under consideration.
coimhthíoch eachtrán
Any life form of extraterrestrial or extradimensional origin.

alight /əˈlaɪt/ adj
le thine
Burning, lit, on fire.

align /æˈlaɪn/ /əˈlaɪn/ v
ailínigh ailíniú
(transitive) To adjust to a line; to range or form in line; to bring into line.

alignment /əˈlaɪn.mənt/ /əˈlɑɪn.mənt/ alignments n
ailíniú
An arrangement of items in a line.
The process of adjusting a mechanism such that its parts are aligned; the condition of having its parts so adjusted.

alike /əˈlaɪk/ more alike most alike adj
cosúil le chéile mar a chéile mar an gcéanna
Having resemblance or similitude; similar; without difference.

alike /əˈlaɪk/ more alike most alike adv
mar an gcéanna
In the same manner, form, or degree; in common; equally.

alimony /ˈæl.ə.moʊ.ni/ /ˈæl.ɪ.mə.ni/ alimonies n
ailiúnas
(legal, sometimes, pejorative) A court-mandated allowance made to a former spouse by a divorced or legally separated person.

aliphatic /ælɪˈfætɪk/ adj
alafatach
(organic chemistry) Of a class of organic compounds in which the carbon atoms are arranged in an open chain.

alive /əˈlaɪv/ more alive most alive adj
beo
Having life; living; not dead.
In a state of action; in force or operation; existent.
Busy with activity of many living beings; swarming; thronged; busy.

alizarin /əˈlɪzəɹɪn/ alizarins n
alasairin
(organic compound) A red substance, 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, extracted from madder root and used as a dye.

alkali /ˈæl.kəˌlaɪ/ alkalies alkalis n
alcaile
(chemistry) One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, soda ash, caustic soda, potash, ammonia, and lithia, whose distinguishing characteristics are dissolving in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.

alkalimetry alkalimetries n
alcailiméadracht
The process of determining the strength of an alkali.

alkaline /ˈæl.kə.laɪn/ /ˈæl.kəl.aɪn/ more alkaline most alkaline adj
alcaileach
Of, or relating to an alkali, one of a class of caustic bases.
(chemistry) Having a pH greater than 7.

alkaline earth metal alkaline earth metals n
miotal cré-alcaileach
(inorganic chemistry) Any of the elements of group II of the periodic table; they are low-density metals that react readily with water to form strongly basic hydroxides, and with many acids to form salts.

alkalinity alkalinities n
alcaileacht
(chemistry) The state of being, or the degree to which a thing is, alkaline.

alkaloid /ˈæl.kə.lɔɪd/ alkaloids n
alcalóideach
(organic chemistry) Any of many organic (often heterocyclic) bases that occur in nature and often have medicinal properties.

alkane /ˈæl.keɪn/ alkanes n
alcán
(organic compound) Any acyclic saturated hydrocarbon (methane, ethane, etc.).

alkyl /ˈælkaɪl/ /ˈælkɪl/ alkyls n
ailcil
(organic chemistry) Any of a series of univalent radicals of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons. In other words, an alkane minus one hydrogen atom.

all /ɑl/ /ɔl/ /ɔːl/ [oːɫ] [ɔɫ] adv
ar fad go léir
(intensifier, sometimes, _, childish) Wholly; entirely; completely; totally.

all /ɑl/ /ɔl/ /ɔːl/ [oːɫ] [ɔɫ] determiner
uile
Every individual or anything of the given class, with no exceptions (the noun or noun phrase denoting the class must be plural or uncountable).

all kidding aside adv
gan aon fhocal magaidh
(speech act, idiomatic) Used to attempt to make a serious point in a jocular conversation.

all right /ˌɑlˈɹaɪt/ /ˌɔlˈɹaɪt/ /ˌɔːlˈɹaɪt/ adj
ceart go leor go maith
In good health, unharmed.

all right /ˌɑlˈɹaɪt/ /ˌɔlˈɹaɪt/ /ˌɔːlˈɹaɪt/ interjection
ceart go leor
Used to affirm, indicate agreement, or consent.

all the more adv
móide
Even more; notably, but even more notably due to additional information, either preceding or following the statement.

all the same adv
mar sin féin
(idiom) Anyway; nevertheless; nonetheless.

all the time adv
ar feadh an ama i rith an ama
(set phrase, duration) Always; constantly; for the complete duration.
(set phrase, frequency) Very often; frequently.

all's well that ends well proverb
gach rud i gceart ach sinn a bheith slán
A happy ending makes up for everything that has gone before.

all-out adj
dólámhach
Using every available means.

all-powerful adj
uilechumhachtach
Having unlimited power; omnipotent.

all-rounder all-rounders n
duine ildánach ilbheartóir
(chiefly, British) A versatile person, able to do many things well; used especially in reference to being good at various sports. [from 1875]
(cricket) A player who is skilled in both batting and bowling.

allantois /əˈlæntəʊ.ɪs/ allantoides allantoises n
allantóis
(anatomy) A sac, having a number of functions, that develops in the alimentary canal of the embryos of mammals, birds and reptiles.

allegiance /əˈliː.d͡ʒəns/ allegiances n
dílseacht
Loyalty to some cause, nation or ruler.

allegory /ˈæl.əˌɡɔɹ.i/ /ˈæl.ɪˌɡɔː.ɹi/ allegories n
fáthchiall
(mathematics, category theory) A category that retains some of the structure of the category of binary relations between sets, representing a high-level generalisation of that category.

allele /əˈ.liː.l/ /ˈæ.liː.l/ alleles n
ailléil
(genetics) One of a number of alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given position, or locus, on a chromosome.

allelic adj
ailléileach
Of or pertaining to alleles.

allelomorphic more allelomorphic most allelomorphic adj
ailléileach
Of or pertaining to an allelomorph

allelopathic adj
ailléileapatach
relating to an allelopathy

alleluia alleluias n
aililiú
A liturgical form of hallelujah.

allergen /ˈælə(ɹ)ˌd͡ʒɛn/ allergens n
ailléirgin
(medicine) A substance which causes an allergic reaction.

allergic /əˈlɜː.dʒɪk/ /əˈlɝ.d͡ʒɪk/ more allergic most allergic adj
ailléirgeach
Of or pertaining to allergy.
Having an allergy.

allergist allergists n
ailléirgeoir
A doctor who specializes in the treatment of allergies.

allergy /ˈæl.əɹ.d͡ʒi/ [ˈæl.ə.dʒi] [ˈæl.ɚ.d͡ʒi] allergies n
ailléirge
(medicine, immunology, broadly) A disorder of the immune system causing adverse reactions to substances (allergens) not harmful to most and marked by the body's production of histamines and associated with atopy, anaphylaxis, and asthma; any condition of hypersensitivity to a substance.
(medicine, immunology, strictly) Specifically, hypersensitivity of class I in the modern classification thereof: the immunoglobulin E–mediated type.
(informal) An antipathy, as toward a person or activity.

alley /ˈæ.li/ alleys n
caolsráid scabhat
A narrow street or passageway, especially one through the middle of a block giving access to the rear of lots of buildings.

alliance /əˈlaɪ.əns/ alliances n
comhaontas comhghuaillíocht
(uncountable) The state of being allied.
comhghuaillíocht
(with the definite article) The persons or parties allied.

alligator /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tə/ /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɚ/ alligators n
ailigéadar
Either of two species of large amphibious reptile, Alligator mississippiensis or Alligator sinensis, in the genus Alligator within order Crocodilia, which have sharp teeth and very strong jaws and are native to the Americas and China, respectively.

alligator clip alligator clips n
fáiscín crogaill
(electronics) A spring-loaded metal clip, usually attached to a wire and used to make temporary electrical connections.

alliteration /əˌlɪtəˈɹeɪʃən/ [əˌlɪɾəˈɹeɪʃən] alliterations n
uaim
The repetition of letters or sounds at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals.

allo- prefix
alla-
(chemistry) Isomeric; especially, of amino acids having two chiral centres, the second diastereoisomer to be discovered or synthesized.
Different, distinct, or other with respect to the root.

allocate /ˈæl.ə.keɪt/ v
gearr
To set aside for a purpose.
To distribute according to a plan, generally followed by the adposition to.

allocation /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/ allocations n
leithdháileadh leithroinnt
The process or procedure for allocating things, especially money or other resources.

allochthonous /ə.ˈlɒk.θə.nəs/ adj
aindíleasach
(geology) Buried or found in a place remote from the site of formation.

allodynia allodynias n
allaidine
Pain produced by innocuous stimulation of normal skin.

allometric more allometric most allometric adj
allaiméadrach
Of or pertaining to allometry

allometry /ˈæləˌmɛtɹɪ/ n
allaiméadracht
(biology) The science studying the differential growth rates of the parts of a living organism.

allomorph /ˈæl.oʊ.mɔɹf/ /ˈæl.ə.mɔɹf/ /ˈæl.ə.mɔːf/ allomorphs n
allamorf
(linguistics) Any of the different phonological representations of a morpheme.

allopatric more allopatric most allopatric adj
allapatrach
(biology) Not living in the same territory; geographically isolated and thus unable to crossbreed.

allophone /ˈaləˌfəʊn/ /ˈæləˌfoʊn/ /ˈæləˌfəʉn/ allophones n
allafón
(phonology) Any of two or more alternative pronunciations for a phoneme.

allotment /əˈlɔt.mɛnt/ allotments n
garraí scóir
(British) A plot of land rented from the council for growing fruit and vegetables.

allotrope /ˈæ.lə.tɹəʊp/ allotropes n
allatróp
(chemistry) Any form of an element that has a distinctly different molecular structure to another form of the same element, with different physical properties and often different chemical properties. [from 1847]

allotropic adj
allatrópach
(chemistry) Describing a form of an element that exhibits allotropy.

allotropy allotropies n
allatrópacht
(chemistry) A property, exhibited by some elements, of existing in multiple forms with different atomic structures.

allow /əˈlaʊ/ v
ceadaigh cead a thabhairt do lig do
(transitive, catenative) To permit, to give permission to.
ceadaigh
To not bar or obstruct.
admhaigh tabhair
(transitive) To acknowledge, accept the truth of; to concede; to accede to an opinion.
tabhair
(transitive, obsolete) To praise; to approve of; hence, to sanction.

allowance /əˈlaʊəns/ allowances n
liúntas

allude /əˈluːd/ v
ailléidigh
(intransitive) to refer to something indirectly or by suggestion

allusion /əˈlu.ʒən/ allusions n
ailléideach
An indirect reference; a hint; a reference to something supposed to be known, but not explicitly mentioned.

allusive /əˈljuː.sɪv/ /əˈluː.sɪv/ more allusive most allusive adj
tagrach
that contains or makes use of allusions (indirect references or hints)

allusiveness allusivenesses n
tagracht
The quality of being allusive.

alluvial /əˈluː.vi.əl/ adj
glárach
Pertaining to the soil deposited by a stream.

alluvial fan alluvial fans n
fean glárach
A cone-shaped heap of alluvium deposited by a river.

alluvial plain alluvial plains n
má ghlárach
(geography) A plain formed by the deposition of sediment from the periodic flooding of a river.

alluvium alluvia alluviums n
glár tuiltreach
soil, clay, silt or gravel deposited by flowing water, as it slows, in a river bed, delta, estuary or flood plain

almanac [ˈæl-] [ˈɑl.mə.næk] [ˈɒl-] [ˈɔl.mə.næk] [ˈɔːl.mə.næk] almanacs n
almanag
(astronomy, navigation) A book or table listing nautical, astronomical, astrological or other events for the year; sometimes, but not essentially, containing historical and statistical information.
A handbook, typically published annually, containing information on a particular subject.

almighty /ɔːlˈmaɪti/ more almighty most almighty adj
uilechumhachtach
(sometimes, _, postpositive) Unlimited in might; omnipotent; all-powerful

almond /ˈa(l).mn̩d/ /ˈæ(l).mənd/ /ˈɑ(l).mənd/ /ˈɑː.mənd/ /ˈɔl.mənd/ almonds n
crann almóinní
(countable) The tree that produces almonds.
almóinn
Other plants that produce almond-like nuts:
dath na halmóinne
(uncountable) The colour of the kernel of an almond without its shell and thin seed coat, a creamy off-white colour.

almond tree almond trees n
crann almóinní
A tree that bears almonds (Prunus amygdalus).

almoner /ˈæl.mə.nɚ/ almoners n
almsóir banalmsóir
A person who distributes alms, especially the doles and alms of religious houses, almshouses.
almsóir
A person who dispenses alms on behalf of another person.

almost /ɔːɫ.ˈməʊst/ /ˈoʊ.moʊst/ /ˈɑl.moʊst/ /ˈɔl.moʊst/ /ˈɔː(l)məs/ /ˈɔːɫ.məʊst/ [ˈɒːɫmost] adv
beagnach dóbair
Very close to, but not quite.

alms /æmz/ /ɑlmz/ /ɑmz/ /ɑːmz/ alms n
almsa déirc foighe oirchiseacht
Something given to the poor as charity, such as money, clothing or food.

almsgiving almsgivings n
almsóireacht
The act of voluntarily giving alms, of making donations to the poor, charity.

almucantar /ælməˈkæntə/ /ælməˈkæntɚ/ almucantars n
almacantar líne chomhthreomhar airde
(astronomy, archaic, or, historical) A small circle on the celestial sphere, parallel to the horizon, that is used in astronomy and navigation to show altitude of a star or any other heavenly body.

aloe /əˈləʊ.i/ /ˈæ.loʊ/ /ˈæ.ləʊ/ aloes n
aló fóifíneach
(in the plural) The resins of the tree Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. Aquilaria agallocha), known for their fragrant aroma, produced after infection by the fungus Phialophora parasitica.
Any plant of the large and variable genus Aloe.

aloe vera /əˌləʊ.i ˈvɛ.ɹə/ /əˌləʊ.i ˈvɪə.ɹə/ /ˈæ.loʊ ˈvɛ.ɹə/ /ˌæ.loʊ ˈvɪ.ɹə/ /ˌæ.ləʊ ˈvɛ.ɹə/ /ˌæ.ləʊ ˈvɪə.ɹə/ aloe veras n
aló íceach
A plant of the species Aloe vera, grown as an ornamental, thought to have medicinal value; an extract, often a gel, made from the plant.

aloft /əˈlɑft/ /əˈlɒft/ /əˈlɔft/ more aloft most aloft adv
i gcrann
(nautical) In the top, at the masthead, or on the higher yards or rigging.

aloha shirt aloha shirts n
léine Haváíoch
A collared shirt of a type originating in Hawaii, often brilliantly colored with floral or Polynesian patterns. [from 1930s]

alone /ɐˈluŋ/ /əˈloʊn/ /əˈləʊn/ adj
aonraic
By oneself, solitary.

aloneness alonenesses n
aonaránacht
The state of being alone; solitude, isolation.

along /əˈlɑŋ/ /əˈlɒŋ/ /əˈlɔŋ/ preposition
ar feadh feadh
By the length of; in a line with the length of; lengthwise next to.

along with preposition
in éindí le le cois
In addition to.

aloof /əˈluːf/ more aloof most aloof adj
coimhthíoch
Reserved and remote; either physically or emotionally distant; standoffish.

alpaca /ælˈpækə/ alpaca alpacas n
alpaca
A sheep-like domesticated animal of the Andes, Vicugna pacos, in the camel family, closely related to the llama, guanaco, and vicuña.
olann alpaca
A garment made of such wool.

alpenstock alpenstocks n
alpastaic cleith ailpín
A stout adjustable walking stick with a metal point, used by mountain climbers and walkers in hilly or uneven terrain.

alpha /ˈælfə/ [ˈæɫ.fə] alphas n
alfa
The name of the first letter of the Greek alphabet (Α, α), followed by beta. In the Latin alphabet it is the predecessor to A.

alpha helix alpha helices alpha helixes n
alfa-héilics
A secondary structure found in many proteins, in which the amino acids are arranged in a coil, or helix, with almost no free space on the inside and all side chains being pointed towards the outside

alpha particle alpha particles n
alfa-cháithnín
(physics) A doubly positively charged nucleus of a helium-4 atom (consisting of two protons and two neutrons), emitted as a consequence of radioactivity; α-particle

alpha ray alpha rays n
alfa-gha
A stream of alpha particles.

alphabet /ˈæl.fə.bɛt/ /ˈæl.fə.bɪt/ alphabets n
aibítir aibidil
The set of letters used when writing in a language.
A writing system in which letters represent phonemes. (Contrast e.g. logography, a writing system in which each character represents a word, and syllabary, in which each character represents a syllable.)

alphabetical /ˌæl.fəˈbɛt.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌælfəˈbɛtɪkəl/ adj
aibítre aibítreach
According to the sequence of the letters of the alphabet.

alphorn /ˈalp.hɔːn/ alphorns n
alpchorn
(musical instruments) A long, curved, wooden horn used by mountain-dwelling herders in the Alps, originally to call cattle but now only as musical instrument in classical and folk tunes.

already /ɑlˈɹɛdi/ /ɔlˈɹɛdi/ /ɔːlˈɹɛdi/ adv
cheana
Prior to some specified time, either past, present, or future; by this time; previously.

also /ˈɑl.soʊ/ /ˈɑlt.soʊ/ /ˈɔl.soʊ/ /ˈɔlt.soʊ/ /ˈɔːl.səʊ/ adv
freisin chomh maith fosta leis
(conjunctive, focus) In addition; besides; as well; further; too. [from 14th c.]

altar /ˈɑl.tɚ/ /ˈɒl.tə/ /ˈɔl.tɚ/ /ˈɔːl.tə/ altars n
altóir
A table or similar flat-topped structure used for religious rites.

altar boy altar boys n
cléireach
A boy serving as an acolyte in certain forms of Christianity.

alterity alterities n
eachtarthacht eileacht
(philosophy, anthropology) Otherness; the entity in contrast to which an identity is constructed.

alternate /ɒl.ˈtɜː(ɹ).nət/ /ˈɑl.tɚ.neɪt/ /ˈɑl.tɚ.nət/ /ˈɒl.tə(ɹ).ˌneɪt/ /ˈɔl.tɚ.neɪt/ /ˈɔl.tɚ.nət/ v
ailtéarnaigh
(transitive) To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to interchange regularly.

alternating adj
malartach
That alternates.
(mathematics, of a series) Having terms that alternate between positive and negative.

alternating current alternating currents n
sruth ailtéarnach
(physics) An electric current in which the direction of flow of the electrons reverses periodically.

alternation /ˈɑl.tɚ.ˌneɪ.ʃən/ /ˈɒl.tə(ɹ).ˌneɪ.ʃən/ /ˈɔl.tɚ.ˌneɪ.ʃən/ alternations n
ailtéarnú sealaíocht uainíocht
The reciprocal succession of (normally two) things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence

alternative /ɑl.ˈtɝ.nə.tɪv/ /ɒl.ˈtɜː(ɹ).nə.tɪv/ /ɔl.ˈtɝ.nə.tɪv/ alternatives n
rogha
A situation which allows a mutually exclusive choice between two or more possibilities; a choice between two or more possibilities. [from 17th c.]
One of several mutually exclusive things which can be chosen. [from 17th c.]

alternative medicine alternative medicines n
míochaine mhalartach
Any of various medical methods and practices used in place of, or as well as, conventional (scientific) medicine.

alternator alternators n
ailtéarnóir
(electrical engineering) An electric generator which produces alternating current through mechanical means.

although /ɑlˈðoʊ/<a:cot-caught> /ɔlˈðoʊ/ /ɔːlˈðəʊ/ ; conjunction
cé go
Though, even though, in spite of or despite the fact that: introducing a clause that expresses a concession.

altimeter /ælˈtɪm.ɪ.tɚ/ altimeters n
airdemhéadar
An apparatus for measuring altitude.

altimetry altimetries n
airdemhéadracht
The science of measuring altitude.

altitude /ˈælt.ɪˌtjuːd/ /ˈælt.ɪˌtuːd/ /ˈælt.ɪˌt͡ʃuːd/ altitudes n
airde
The absolute height of a location, usually measured from sea level.
(geometry) The distance measured perpendicularly from a figure's vertex to the opposite side of the vertex.
(astronomy) The angular distance of a heavenly body above our Earth's horizon.

altitude sickness n
tinneas sléibhe
(medicine) A pathological condition caused by oxygen deficiency at high altitudes; symptoms include shortness of breath, nausea, and nosebleed.

alto /ˈæl.toʊ/ /ˈæl.təʊ/ alti altos n
alt cuach
A musical part or section higher than tenor and lower than soprano, formerly the part that performed a countermelody above the tenor or main melody.
A person or musical instrument that performs the alto part.

alto clef alto clefs n
eochair altach
(music) A type of C-clef when placed on the third line of the staff in musical notation.

alto saxophone alto saxophones n
altsacsafón
A member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments that is smaller than the tenor saxophone but larger than the soprano saxophone, with a range of D♭3 to A♭5 or similar.

altogether /ɑl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/ /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/ /ɔː.tuːˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /ɔːl.təˈɡɛð.ə/ /ɔːl.tʊˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɑl.təˌɡɛð.ɚ/ /ˈɔl.təˌɡɛð.ɚ/ adv
ar fad
Completely, wholly, or without exception.

altruism /ˈæl.tɹu.ɪz.əm/ altruisms n
altrúchas soilíos
Regard for others, both natural and moral without regard for oneself; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness.
(biology, sociobiology) Action or behaviour that benefits another or others at some cost to the performer.

alum /ˈæl.əm/ alums n
ailím alúm
An astringent salt, usually occurring in the form of pale crystals, much used in the dyeing and tanning trade and in certain medicines, and now understood to be a double sulphate of potassium and aluminium (K2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O). [from 14th c.]
(inorganic compound) Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations. [from 17th c.]

alumina /əˈl(j)uːmɪnə/ aluminas n
alúmana
Aluminum oxide, especially when used in mining, material sciences or ceramics, a refractory solid compound.

aluminium /əˈluːmɪnəm/ /ˌæl.(j)uˈmɪn.i.əm/ /ˌæl.(j)uˈmɪn.jəm/ /ˌæl.(j)ʊˈmɪn.i.əm/ /ˌæl.(j)ʊˈmɪn.jəm/ /ˌɛl.(j)ɘˈmɘn.jɘm/ aluminiums n
alúmanam
A light, silvery metal extracted from bauxite, and a chemical element (symbol Al) with an atomic number of 13.

aluminium foil aluminium foils n
scragall alúmanaim
(Australia, Britain, New Zealand) A very thin, pliable, easily torn sheet of aluminium used for cooking, packaging, cosmetics, and insulation.

aluminium oxide n
ocsaíd alúmanaim
(inorganic compound) The solid, Al2O3, commonly known as alumina; it occurs as bauxite, sapphire, ruby and other forms; it is used in the manufacture of ceramics

aluminous adj
alúmanach
(chemistry) of or pertaining to alumina or alum

alveolar /al.ˈviː.əl.ə/ /ælˈvi.lɚ/ /ælˈvi.əl.ɚ/ /ˌal.viˈəʊ.lə/ adj
ailbheolach
(anatomy, relational) Relating to the alveoli (small air sacs) of the lungs.
(anatomy, relational) Relating to the jaw ridge containing the tooth sockets.
(phonetics) Formed with the tongue touching or approaching the inner ridge of the gums of the upper front teeth.

alveolar /al.ˈviː.əl.ə/ /ælˈvi.lɚ/ /ælˈvi.əl.ɚ/ /ˌal.viˈəʊ.lə/ alveolars n
ailbheolach
(phonetics) An alveolar consonant.

alveolus /alˈviː.əl.əs/ /ælˈvi.əl.əs/ /ˌal.viˈəʊ.ləs/ alveoli n
ailbheolas
(anatomy) Any of the many tiny air sacs in the lungs in which the bronchioles terminate and where oxygen and carbon dioxide are rapidly exchanged with the pulmonary capillaries.
(anatomy) An acinus (saclike cavity) in a gland.

always /ˈɑl.weɪz/ /ˈɑl.wəz/ /ˈɑl.wɪz/ /ˈɔl.weɪz/ /ˈɔl.wəz/ /ˈɔl.wɪz/ /ˈɔləs/ /ˈɔː(l).weɪz/ /ˈɔːl.wɪz/ [-wɪz] [ˈɒː(ɫ)we(ɪ)z] adv
i gcónaí i dtólamh
At all times; throughout all time; since the beginning.
i gcónaí an [[t-am]] ar fad an [[t-am]] go léir i rith an ama síor-
Constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals (opposed to sometimes or occasionally).

alyssum alyssums n
alasam
Any of several plants, of the genus Alyssum, mostly of Eurasian origin, that have racemes of white or yellow flowers.

amalgamation /əˌmælɡəˈmeɪʃən/ amalgamations n
cónascadh malgamú meascadh
The process of amalgamating; a mixture, merger or consolidation.
cumasc cónascadh malgamú meascadh
The result of amalgamating; a mixture or alloy.

amanuensis /əˌmænjuˈɛnsɪs/ amanuenses n
scríobhaí
One employed to take dictation, or copy manuscripts.
A clerk, secretary or stenographer, or scribe.

amaranth /-ɹænt/ /ˈæməɹænθ/ /ˈæməˌɹænθ/ amaranths n
amarantas
Any of various herbs of the genus Amaranthus.
The characteristic purplish-red colour of the flowers or leaves of these plants.

amaryllis /ˌæməˈɹɪlɪs/ amaryllises n
amairillídí
The belladonna lily, Amaryllis belladonna, native to South Africa.

amateur /ˈæ.mə.tə/ /ˈæ.mə.tɚ/ /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃʊɚ/ more amateur most amateur adj
amaitéarach
Showing a lack of professionalism, experience or talent.

amateur /ˈæ.mə.tə/ /ˈæ.mə.tɚ/ /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃʊɚ/ amateurs n
amaitéarach
A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, science, or art (such as music or painting), especially one who cultivates any study, interest, taste, or attachment without engaging in it professionally.
Someone who is unqualified or insufficiently skillful.

amateurish /ˈæ.mə.tjʊɚ.ɪʃ/ /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃʊɚ.ɪʃ/ more amateurish most amateurish adj
tútach
(pejorative) Suggesting or reflecting the efforts of an amateur; not seeming professional or polished.

amatol n
amatól
A high explosive consisting of a mixture of ammonium nitrate and trinitrotoluene.

amatory /ˈæ.mə.ˌtɔː.ɹi/ /ˈɑ.mə.tə.ɹi/ [ˈæ.məˌtɔɹ.i] [ˈɑː.mə.tə.ɹɪ] more amatory most amatory adj
grách mianúil
Of or relating to love, especially sexual love.

amazon /-ɒn/ /ˈæ.mə.zən/ /ˈæm.ə.zɔn/ /ˈæm.əˌzɑn/ amazons n
banghaiscíoch
a tall, strong, athletic woman

ambassador /æmˈbæs.ə.də(ɹ)/ /æmˈbæs.ə.dɚ/ /æmˈbæs.əˌdɔɹ/ ambassadors n
ambasadóir
A minister of the highest rank sent to a foreign court to represent there his sovereign or country. (Sometimes called ambassador-in-residence)
An official messenger and representative.

ambassadorship ambassadorships n
ambasadóireacht
The post or office of ambassador.

ambassadress ambassadresses n
banambasadóir
A female ambassador.

amber /ˈam.bə/ /ˈæm.bɚ/ more amber most amber adj
ómrach
Of a brownish yellow colour, like that of most amber.

amber /ˈam.bə/ /ˈæm.bɚ/ ambers n
ómra
A hard, generally yellow to brown translucent or transparent fossil resin from extinct coniferous trees of the pine genus, used for jewellery, decoration and later dissolved as a binder in varnishes. One variety, blue amber, appears blue rather than yellow under direct sunlight. [from 15th c.]

ambidextrous /ˌæm.biˈdɛk.stɹəs/ /ˌæm.bɪˈdɛk.stɹəs/ more ambidextrous most ambidextrous adj
comhdheas
Having equal ability in both hands; in particular, able to write equally well with both hands.

ambitious /æmˈbɪʃ.əs/ ambitiouser ambitiousest more ambitious most ambitious adj
aidhmeannach

ambitransitive /ˌæmbɪˈtɹænzɪtɪv/ adj
dé-aistreach
(of a verb) Able to be used transitively or intransitively without requiring morphological change.

ambrosia /æmˈbɹoʊʒə/ ambrosias n
ambróise
Any fungus of a number of species that insects such as ambrosia beetles carry as symbionts, "farming" them on poor-quality food such as wood, where they grow, providing food for the insect.

ambulance /ˈæm.bjə.ləns/ /ˈæm.bjəˌlæns/ ambulances n
otharcharr
An emergency vehicle designed for transporting seriously ill or injured people to a hospital. [1854]

amen /(ˌ)eɪˈmɛn/ /(ˌ)ɑːˈmɛn/ /ˈeɪmɛn/ interjection
áiméan
At the end of religious prayers: so be it.
An expression of strong agreement, often in the phrase "Amen to that!"

amend /əˈmɛnd/ v
ceartaigh leasaigh
(transitive) To make better; improve.
leasaigh
(transitive) To make a formal alteration (in legislation, a report, etc.) by adding, deleting, or rephrasing.

amenorrhoea /əˌmɛnəˈɹiːə/ /ˌeɪmɛnəˈɹiːə/ amenorrhoeae amenorrhoeas n
aimhíostrú
(medicine) Absence of menstrual discharge.

americium /ˌæməˈɹɪsiəm/ americiums n
aimeiriciam
The chemical element (symbol Am) with an atomic number of 95.

amethyst /ˈæm.ə.θɪst/ more amethyst most amethyst adj
aimitise
Having a colour similar to that of the gemstone

amethyst /ˈæm.ə.θɪst/ amethysts n
aimitis
A transparent purple to violet variety of quartz with traces of manganese, used as a gemstone.
(uncountable) A purple colour.

amiable /ˈeɪ.mi.ə.bəl/ /ˈæ.mi.ə.bəl/ more amiable most amiable adj
grámhar
Friendly; kind; sweet; gracious
Of a pleasant and likeable nature; kind-hearted; easy to like

amice amices n
aimicín miocht
A hood, or cape with a hood, made of or lined with grey fur, formerly worn by the clergy.

amid /əˈmɪd/ preposition
i lár i measc
In the middle of; in the center of; surrounded by.

amide /ˈeɪ.maɪd/ /ˈæ.maɪd/ /ˈæ.mɪd/ amides n
aimíd
(organic chemistry) Any derivative of an oxoacid in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group; especially such derivatives of a carboxylic acid, the carboxamides or acid amides

amidst /aˈmɪdst/ /əˈmɪtst/ preposition
i lár i measc
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among.

amine /əˈmiːn/ /ˈeɪ.miːn/ /ˈæ.miːn/ /ˈæ.mɪn/ amines n
aimín
(inorganic chemistry) A functional group formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms with hydrocarbon or other radicals.
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an amine functional group.

amino /əˈminoʊ/ /əˈmiːnəʊ/ aminos n
aimín
(organic chemistry) The amine functional group.

amino acid amino acids n
aimínaigéad
(amino acid) Any organic compound containing both an amino and a carboxylic acid functional group.
(amino acid) Any of the twenty naturally occurring α-amino acids (having the amino, and carboxylic acid groups on the same carbon atom), and a variety of side chains, that combine, via peptide bonds, to form proteins.

amitosis amitoses n
aimiotóis

ammeter ammeters n
aimpmhéadar
A device that measures the magnitude of an electric current, especially one calibrated in amperes.

ammonal /ˈa.mə.nal/ ammonals n
amónal
An explosive made up of ammonium nitrate, trinitrotoluene, and aluminium powder.

ammonia /əˈmoʊn.jə/ ammonias n
amóinia
(inorganic compound) A gaseous compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3, with a pungent smell and taste.

ammonite /ˈæ.məˌnaɪt/ n
amainít
(paleontology) Any of an extinct group of cephalopods of the subclass Ammonoidea; a fossil shell of such an animal.
amóinít
An explosive prepared from a mixture of TNT and ammonium nitrate; a form of amatol, popular in Eastern Europe and China.

ammonium /əˈmoʊni.əm/ ammoniums n
amóiniam
(inorganic chemistry) The univalent NH4+ cation, derived by the protonation of ammonia

ammonium carbonate n
carbónáit amóiniam
(inorganic compound) The ammonium salt of carbonic acid, (NH4)2CO3; a white powder, smelling of ammonia, used in the preparation of smelling salts and baking powder.

ammonium nitrate n
níotráit amóiniam
(inorganic compound) The ammonium salt of nitric acid, NH4NO3; it is used in fertilizers and explosives (notoriously in improvised explosive devices, though its main importance is as an explosive in its own right and in mixtures such as amatol and ANFO).

ammunition /ˌæmjuˈnɪʃən/ ammunitions n
armlón lón lámhaigh
Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps, rockets, etc.

amnesia /æmˈniːz.i.ə/ /æmˈniːʒə/ /ˌæmˈniʒə/ amnesias amnesiæ n
aimnéise díchuimhne
(pathology) Loss of memory; forgetfulness.

amnesty /ˈæm.nɪ.sti/ amnesties n
maithiúnas
An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion, or a general pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned in an insurrection.

amnion /ˈæm.ni.ɑːn/ /ˈæm.nɪ.ɒn/ amnia amnions n
aimnín
(anatomy) The innermost membrane of the fetal membranes of reptiles, birds, and mammals; the sac in which the embryo is suspended.

amniotic /æmniˈɑːtɪk/ /æmniˈɒtɪk/ adj
aimníneach
Pertaining to the amnion.

amoeba /əˈmiːbə/ amoebae amoebas n
aiméibe
(biology) A member of the genus Amoeba of unicellular protozoa that moves by means of temporary projections called pseudopodia.

amoebocyte amoebocytes n
aiméibicít
Any cell that has the form or motion of an amoeba.

amortization /əˌmɔɹtəˈzeɪʃən/ /əˌmɔːtaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /əˌmɔːtəˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌæmɚtəˈzeɪʃən/ amortizations n
amúchadh
The distribution of the cost of an intangible asset, such as an intellectual property right, over the projected useful life of the asset.

amount /əˈmaʊnt/ amounts n
suim
The total, aggregate or sum of material (not applicable to discrete numbers or units or items in standard English).

ampere /ˈæmˌpɛər/ /ˈæmˌpɪəɹ/ /ˌæmˈpɪəɹ/ amperes n
aimpéar
A unit of electrical current, the standard base unit in the International System of Units; colloquially amp. Abbreviation: amp, Symbol: A

ampere-hour ampere-hours n
aimpéaruair
(physics) a unit of electric charge, equal to the charge transferred by a current of one ampere in one hour through a specified point in a circuit, equal to 3600 coulombs.

ampere-turn ampere-turns n
aimpéarlúb
The unit of magnetomotive force.

amphi- prefix
amfa-
Either, both; having two distinct properties and able to function as either.

amphibian /æmˈfɪbɪən/ more amphibian most amphibian adj
amfaibiach
Of or relating to the class Amphibia.

amphibian /æmˈfɪbɪən/ amphibians n
amfaibiach débheathach
An animal of the Amphibia; any four-legged vertebrate that does not have amniotic eggs, living both on land and in water.
A vehicle which can operate on both land and water.

amphibious [æmˈfɪbi.əs] adj
amfaibiach débheathach loscánta
Capable of functioning on land or in water.
amfaibiach
Occurring on both land and water.

amphimictic adj
amfaimisciseach
Relating to amphimixis.

amphimixis amphimixes n
amfaimiscis
(uncountable) sexual reproduction

amphipod /ˈam.fɪ.pɑd/ /ˈam.fɪ.pɒd/ amphipods n
amfapód
Any species of the taxonomic order Amphipoda of small, shrimp-like crustaceans.

amphoteric more amphoteric most amphoteric adj
amfaiteireach
(chemistry) Having the characteristics of both an acid and a base, and capable of reacting as either; amphiprotic. [from 1832]

amplification /ˌæmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ amplifications n
aimpliú aimpliúchán
(electronics) Gain.
(organic chemistry) A procedure used in the nomenclature of complex organic compounds in which the superatoms of a basic structure (a phane) are replaced by cyclic structures (amplificants).

amplifier /ˈæm.plə.faɪ.ə/ /ˈæm.plə.faɪ.ɚ/ /ˈæm.plə.faɪɹ/ amplifiers n
aimplitheoir
Anything that amplifies, or makes something larger or more intense.
(electronics) An appliance or circuit that increases the strength of a weak electrical signal without changing the other characteristics of the signal.

amplify /ˈæmp.lɪ.faɪ/ v
aimpligh méadaigh
(transitive) To render larger, more extended, or more intense.
aimpligh
(transitive) To increase the amplitude of something, especially of an electric current.

amplitude /ˈæm.plɪ.tud/ amplitudes n
fairsinge leithead scóipiúlacht téagar
The measure of something's size, especially in terms of width or breadth; largeness, magnitude.
aimplitiúid
(mathematics) The maximum absolute value of the vertical component of a curve or function, especially one that is periodic.
(physics) The maximum absolute value of some quantity that varies.

ampulla /æmˈpʊlə/ ampullae ampullas n
ampaill
A vessel for containing consecrated wine or oil.

amputation /ˌæmpjʊˈteɪʃən/ amputations n
teascadh
surgical removal of all or part of a limb, etc.

amusement /əˈmjuzmənt/ amusements n
áibhéar
(uncountable) Entertainment.

amusing /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/ more amusing most amusing adj
greannmhar
Funny, hilarious.

amyl /ˈæ.mɪl/ adj
aimileach
Of or pertaining to starch

amyl /ˈæ.mɪl/ amyls n
aimil
(dated, organic compound) Synonym of pentyl

amyl nitrite /am.ɪl ˈnʌɪ.tɹʌɪt/ /ˌæm.əl ˈnaɪˌtɹaɪt/ n
nítrít aimile
(pharmaceutical drug) A yellowish volatile synthetic liquid C5H11NO2 of commercial amyl alcohol and nitrous acid that is used medicinally as a vasodilator. It is rapidly absorbed by the body on inhalation, and is sometimes used recreationally especially as an aphrodisiac.

amylase /ˈæmɪleɪs/ amylases n
amaláis
(enzyme) Any of a class of digestive enzymes, present in saliva and also contributed to the gut by the exocrine pancreas, that break down complex carbohydrates such as starch into simpler sugars such as glucose.

amylose amyloses n
amalós
(carbohydrate) The soluble form of starch (the insoluble form being amylopectin) that is a linear polymer of glucose.

an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth proverb
súil ar shúil, fiacail ar fhiacail
(idiomatic) compensation for injury caused by a person, in the form of inflicting of an identical injury on that person.

ana- prefix
ana- anai-
up, above, upward

anabolic /ˌænəˈbɑlɪk/ /ˌænəˈbɒlɪk/ adj
anabalach
Of or relating to anabolism.

anabolic steroid anabolic steroids n
stéaróideach anabalach
(steroid hormone) A class of steroid hormones that promote growth of tissue.

anabolism /ə.ˈnæ.bə.ˌlɪ.zəm/ anabolisms n
anabalacht borrshó
The constructive metabolism of the body, as distinguished from catabolism.

anachronism /əˈnæ.kɹə.nɪ.z(ə)m/ anachronisms n
mí-aimsearthacht anacrónachas iomrall aimsire
A chronological mistake; the erroneous dating of an event, circumstance, or object. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

anachronistic /əˌnæk.ɹəˈnɪs.tɪk/ more anachronistic most anachronistic adj
mí-aimseartha
Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism; in a wrong time; not applicable to or not appropriate for the time.

anaconda /ˌænəˈkɒndə/ anacondas n
anacanda
Any of various large nonvenomous snakes of the genus Eunectes, found mainly in northern South America. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

anaerobe /ˈænəˌɹoʊb/ anaerobes n
anaerób
An anaerobic organism; one that does not require oxygen to sustain its metabolic processes.

anaerobic /ˌænəˈɹoʊbik/ adj
anaeróbach
Without oxygen; especially of an environment or organism.

anagenesis anageneses n
anaigineas
The evolution of a new species by the large scale change in gene frequency so that the new species replaces the old rather than branching to produce an additional species.

anal /ˈeɪ.nəl/ more anal most anal adj
anasach tóna
(not comparable) Of, related to, intended for or involving the anus. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

anal sex n
gnéas tóna
A sexual activity involving stimulation of a sexual partner's anus or rectum, especially by penetration with a penis or object.

analemma /ˌæn.əˈlɛm.ə/ analemmas analemmata n
anaileime
A figure-eight curve that results when the Sun's position in the sky is plotted out over the year at the same hour of mean solar time every day. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

analeptic /ˌænəˈlɛptɪk/ more analeptic most analeptic adj
anaileipteach
That restores or stimulates health.

analgesic /ˌæn.l̩ˈd͡ʒiː.sɪk/ /ˌæn.l̩ˈd͡ʒiː.zɪk/ more analgesic most analgesic adj
anailgéiseach
(pharmaceutical effect) Of or relating to analgesia; anodyne.

analgesic /ˌæn.l̩ˈd͡ʒiː.sɪk/ /ˌæn.l̩ˈd͡ʒiː.zɪk/ analgesics n
anailgéiseach
(pharmacology) Any medicine, such as aspirin, that reduces pain, especially without inducing a loss of other sensation. (Contrast anesthetic.)

analog /ˈæ.nə.lɑɡ/ /ˈæ.nə.lɒɡ/ /ˈæ.nə.lɔɡ/ adj
analógach
(of a device or system) In which the value of a data item (such as time) is represented by a continuous(ly) variable physical quantity that can be measured (such as the shadow of a sundial).

analog /ˈæ.nə.lɑɡ/ /ˈæ.nə.lɒɡ/ /ˈæ.nə.lɔɡ/ analogs n
analóg
(countable) Something that bears an analogy to something else.

analogical adj
analachúil
Of, pertaining to, based on, or composed of an analogy.

analogous /əˈnæl.ə.dʒəs/ /əˈnæl.ə.ɡəs/ more analogous most analogous adj
analógach
Having analogy, the status of an analogue; corresponding to something else; bearing some resemblance or similar proportion (often followed by "to".)

analogy /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/ analogies n
analach
A relationship of resemblance or equivalence between two situations, people, or objects, especially when used as a basis for explanation or extrapolation.

analysis /æˈnɑ.lə.sɪs/ /əˈnæləsɪs/ /əˈnælɪsɪs/ analyses n
anailís anailísiú
(countable) Decomposition into components in order to study (a complex thing, concept, theory etc.).

analyst /ˈænəlɪst/ analysts n
anailísí taifeoir
Someone who analyzes.
síocanailísí
(psychiatry) A practitioner of psychoanalysis.
anailísí
A financial analyst; a business analyst.

analytic /ˌænəˈlɪtɪk/ more analytic most analytic adj
anailíseach
Of, or relating to any form of analysis, or to analytics.

analyze /ˈæn.lɑɪz/ /ˈæn.ə.laɪz/ /ˈæn.ə.lɑɪz/ [ˈɛən.ə.laɪz] [ˈɛːn.ə.laɪz] v
anailísigh
(transitive) To examine in such a manner as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; as, to analyze a fossil substance, to analyze a sentence or a word, or to analyze an action to ascertain its morality.

anapest /ˈæ.nə.piːst/ /ˈæ.nə.pɛst/ anapests n
anaipéist
(prosody) In qualitative meter, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two unstressed and one stressed.
(prosody) In quantitative meter, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two short and one long.
(prosody) A fragment, phrase or line of poetry or verse using this meter.

anaphase /ˈænəˌfeɪz/ anaphases n
anapas
(cytology) The stage of mitosis and meiosis during which the chromosomes separate; the chromatid moving to opposite poles of the cell.

anarchic /ænˈɑɹ.kɪk/ /ænˈɑː.kɪk/ /əˈnɑɹ.kɪk/ /əˈnɑː.kɪk/ more anarchic most anarchic adj
ainrialta
Relating to, supporting, or likely to cause anarchy.
ainrialta anlathach
Chaotic, without law or order.

anarchism /ˈanəkɪz(ə)m/ /ˈænəɹˌkɪzəm/ /ˈæˌnɑɹˌkɪzəm/ anarchisms n
ainrialachas
A political and philosophical belief that all forms of involuntary rule or government are undesirable, unnecessary, or unethical, and as such that society would function without a state.
A belief that proposes the abolition of hierarchy and authority in most forms.

anarchist /ˈæn.ɑɹ.kɪst/ /ˈæn.ə.kɪst/ anarchists n
ainrialaí
One who believes in or advocates the absence of hierarchy and authority in most forms (compare anarchism), especially one who works toward the realization of such.

anarchistic /ˌanəˈkɪstɪk/ /ˌænəɹˈkɪstɪk/ more anarchistic most anarchistic adj
ainrialachais
Of or relating to anarchism or anarchy.

anarchy /ˈæn.ɑɹ.ki/ /ˈæn.ə.ki/ [ˈɛən.ɑɹ.ki] [ˈɛːn.ɑɹ.ki] anarchies n
anlathas ainriail
(countable) A chaotic and confusing absence of any form of political authority or government.

anastigmatic more anastigmatic most anastigmatic adj
anaistiogmatach
(of the eye, or a lens system) Free from astigmatism

anastomosis /ənæstəˈməʊsɪs/ anastomoses n
anastamóis
An interconnection between any two channels, passages or vessels.
(surgery) The surgical creation of a connecting passage between blood vessels, bowels or other channels.

anastrophe anastrophes n
anastróf
(rhetoric) Unusual word order, often involving an inversion of the usual pattern of the sentence.

anatomist /əˈnæt.ə.mɪst/ anatomists n
anatamaí
One who studies, teaches, writes on, or does research on anatomy and anatomical structures.

anatomy /əˈnæt.ə.mi/ anatomies n
anatamaíocht
The art of studying the different parts of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy.

ancestor /ˈæn.sɛs.tə/ /ˈæn.sɛs.tɚ/ ancestors n
sinsear sinsearach
One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a forefather.
An earlier type; a progenitor

anchor /ˈæŋ.kə/ /ˈæŋ.kɚ/ anchors n
ancaire
(nautical) A tool used to moor a vessel to the bottom of a sea or river to resist movement.
Any instrument serving a purpose like that of a ship's anchor, such as an arrangement of timber to hold a dam fast; a device to hold the end of a bridge cable etc.; or a device used in metalworking to hold the core of a mould in place.

anchorage /ˈæŋkəɹɪd͡ʒ/ anchorages n
acarsóid ancaireacht cáin ancaireachta leaba ancaire poll ancaire
(nautical) A fee charged for anchoring.
taca
That into which something is anchored or fastened.
acarsóid ancaireacht leaba ancaire poll ancaire
The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at anchor.

anchorite anchorites n
ancaire
One who lives in isolation or seclusion, especially for religious reasons; hermit.

anchovy /ænˈt͡ʃəʊ.vi/ /ˈæn.t͡ʃə.vi/ /ˈæn.t͡ʃəʊ.vi/ /ˈænt͡ʃoʊ.vi/ anchovies n
ainseabhaí
Any small saltwater fish of the Engraulidae family, consisting of 160 species in 16 genera, of which the genus Engraulis is widely sold as food.

ancient /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/ /ˈeɪŋk.ʃənt/ ancienter ancientest more ancient most ancient adj
ársa
Existent or occurring in time long past, usually in remote ages; belonging to or associated with antiquity; old, as opposed to modern.

ancients n
ársaí
The people of classical antiquity, especially such writers and philosophers.

and /n̩/ /n̩d/ /æn/ /ænd/ /ən/ /ənd/ /ɛn/ /ɛnd/ conjunction
agus
(now, colloquial, or, literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.
agus is
Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (not dated); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes. [from 10th c.]

and so forth phraseologicalUnit
agus mar sin de
(idiomatic) Indicates that a list continues in a similar manner.

andro- /ændɹoʊ-/ prefix
andra-
man, male

androecium androecia n
aindréiciam
(botany) The set of a flower's stamens.

androgen androgens n
andraigin
(steroid hormone) Any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates. A male sex hormone such as testosterone or anabolic steroids.

androgenic more androgenic most androgenic adj
andraigineach
(steroid) Of, relating to, or being an androgen.

androgynous /ænˈdɹɑd͡ʒ.ən.əs/ /ænˈdɹɒd͡ʒ.ɪn.əs/ more androgynous most androgynous adj
andraigíneach
Pertaining to a feature or characteristic that is not definitively of either sex.

anemia /əˈnimi.ə/ anemiae anemias anemiæ n
ainéime anaemacht neamhfholacht
(American spelling, uncountable, pathology) A medical condition in which the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues is reduced, either because of too few red blood cells, or because of too little hemoglobin, resulting in pallor and fatigue.

anemic /əˈniː.mɪk/ more anemic most anemic adj
anaemach neamhfholach
Of, pertaining to, or suffering from anemia.

anemo- prefix
ainéimi-
wind

anemometer /ænɪˈmɑmətɚ/ /ænɪˈmɒmətə/ /ænɪˈmɒmɪtə/ anemometers n
ainéimiméadar
(meteorology) An instrument for measuring and recording the speed of the wind, a windmeter.

anemone /əˈnɛm.ə.ni/ /əˈnɛn.ə.mi/ anemones n
anamóine lus na gaoithe
Any plant of the genus Anemone, of the Ranunculaceae (or buttercup) family, such as the windflower.

aneroid /ˈænəɹɔɪd/ adj
anaróideach
Not using or containing fluid

aneroid barometer aneroid barometers n
baraiméadar anaróideach
A barometer in which variations in pressure are measured using a partially evacuated capsule whose sides move in and out.

anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈti.ʒə/ /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/ /ˌæn.əsˈθiːz.i.ə/ anesthesias n
ainéistéise
(medicine, American spelling, Canadian spelling) An artificial method of preventing sensation, used to eliminate pain without causing loss of vital functions, by the administration of one or more agents which block pain impulses before transmitted to the brain.

anesthesiologist anesthesiologists n
ainéistéisí
(American spelling, Canadian spelling) A physician who specializes in anesthesiology and administers anesthesia.

anesthetic /ˌænəsˈtɛtɪk/ /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/ more anesthetic most anesthetic adj
ainéistéiseach
Causing anesthesia; reducing pain sensitivity.

anesthetic /ˌænəsˈtɛtɪk/ /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/ anesthetics n
ainéistéiseach
(American spelling, medicine) A substance administered to reduce the perception of pain or to induce numbness for surgery and may render the recipient unconscious.

anesthetist anesthetists n
ainéistéisí
(American spelling, Canadian spelling, medicine) One who gives an anesthetic.

aneuploid /ˈænjəplɔjd/ /ˈænjʊplɔɪ̯d/ /ˈæ̞njyplɔjd/ /ˈæ̞njəplɔjd/ adj
aineoplóideach
(genetics) Having a number of chromosomes that is not a multiple of the haploid number.

aneurysm /ˈan.jʊɹ.ɪz.əm/ /ˈæn.jəɹ.ɪz.əm/ aneurysms n
aineoras
(pathology) An abnormal blood-filled swelling of an artery or vein, resulting from a localized weakness in the wall of the vessel.

angel /ˈeɪn.d͡ʒəl/ /ˈeɪn.d͡ʒɛl/ /ˈæn.d͡ʒəl/ angels n
aingeal
An incorporeal and sometimes divine messenger from a deity, or other divine entity, often depicted in art as a youthful winged figure in flowing robes.
(Abrahamic tradition) One of the lowest order of such beings, below virtues.
A person having the qualities attributed to angels, such as purity or selflessness.

angelic /ænˈd͡ʒɛlɪk/ more angelic most angelic adj
ainglí
Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel.

angelica angelicas n
ainglice gallfheabhrán
A tall plant, with hollow stems, genus Angelica, especially garden angelica (Angelica archangelica).

angelicness n
ainglíocht
The state or quality of being angelic

anger /ˈeɪŋɡɚ/ /ˈæŋɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈæŋɡɚ/ angers n
fearg
A strong feeling of displeasure, hostility, or antagonism towards someone or something, usually combined with an urge to harm, often stemming from perceived provocation, hurt, or threat.

angina /ænˈd͡ʒaɪ.nə/ /ˈæn.d͡ʒɪ.nə/ anginas n
aingíne
(pathology) An inflammatory infection of the throat, particularly quinsy.

angina pectoris /ænˈdʒaɪnə ˈpɛktəˌɹɪs/ /ˈændʒɪnə ˈpɛktəˌɹɪs/ n
aingíne chléibh
(cardiology, disease) Intermittent crushing chest pain caused by reversible myocardial ischemia.

angio- prefix
anga-
vessel#Noun; relating to blood vessels, lymph vessels, or both.

angiogram angiograms n
angagram
(medicine) An X-ray image of the blood vessels gained after the injection of a radiopaque contrast medium.

angiography angiographies n
angagrafaíocht
(medicine) A medical imaging technique in which an X-ray image is taken to visualize the inside of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins and the heart chambers.

angioma angiomas angiomata n
angóma
(medicine) A benign tumor made up of small blood vessels or lymph vessels.

angioplasty /ˈæn.d͡ʒi.əʊ.plæs.ti/ angioplasties n
angaplaiste
(surgery) The mechanical widening of a narrowed or totally obstructed blood vessel generally caused by atheroma.

angiosperm /ˈæn.d͡ʒi.əˌspɝm/ angiosperms n
angaispeirm
(botany) Any plant of the clade Angiosperms, characterized by having ovules enclosed in an ovary; a flowering plant.

angle /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ angles n
uillinn
(geometry) A figure formed by two rays which start from a common point (a plane angle) or by three planes that intersect (a solid angle).
(geometry) The measure of such a figure. In the case of a plane angle, this is the ratio (or proportional to the ratio) of the arc length to the radius of a section of a circle cut by the two rays, centered at their common point. In the case of a solid angle, this is the ratio of the surface area to the square of the radius of the section of a sphere.
cúinne
A corner where two walls intersect.

angle brace angle braces n
bíomal uillinne
(carpentry) A brace across an interior angle of a wooden frame, forming the hypotenuse and securing the two side pieces together.

angle bracket angle brackets n
lúibín uilleach
Any of a number of angle-shaped brackets.

angle iron angle irons n
iarann uillinne
A length of iron or steel, having an L-shaped cross section, used as a structural support

anglicism /ˈæŋɡləˌsɪzəm/ anglicisms n
Béarlachas
An Englishism: a word or other feature originating in the English language that has been borrowed by another language.

angling anglings n
slatiascaireacht
A form of fishing, with a rod, line and angle (hook) for recreation or sport.

angora /æŋˈɡɔːɹə/ angoras n
gabhar angóra
A goat of a domesticated breed that produces mohair..

angry /ˈæŋ.ɡɹi/ angrier angriest more angry most angry adj
fearg cochallach
Displaying or feeling anger.

angstrom /ˈæŋstɹəm/ /ˈæŋstɹʌm/ /ˈɔŋstɹəm/ angstroms n
angstram aonad Angstrom
(physics, metrology) A unit of length equal to 10−10 meters (that is, one ten-billionth of a meter), approximately the size of an atom, and denoted by the symbol Å, used especially to measure the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation or distances between atoms.

anguish /ˈæŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ anguishes n
pianpháis crá
Extreme pain, either of body or mind; excruciating distress.

anguished more anguished most anguished adj
léanmhar pianpháiseach
Feeling anguish; experiencing extreme discomfort or discontent.

anharmonic adj
anarmónach
(mechanics) Exhibiting anharmonicity

anhydrase anhydrases n
ainhiodráis
(chemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the removal of water from a material.

anhydride anhydrides n
ainhidríd
(chemistry) Any compound formally derived from another (or from others) by the loss of a water molecule, especially acid anhydrides.

anhydrous more anhydrous most anhydrous adj
ainhidriúil
Having little or no water.
(physical chemistry) Having no water of crystallization.

anil anils n
anail plúirín
The indigo shrub; or the indigo dye obtained from the plant.

aniline anilines n
anailín
(organic compound) The simplest aromatic amine, C6H5NH2, synthesized by the reduction of nitrobenzene; it is a colourless oily basic poisonous liquid used in the manufacture of dyes and pharmaceuticals.

anilingus /ˌeɪnɪˈlɪŋɡəs/ n
rimeáil
The stimulation of the anus using the mouth as a sexual act.

animal /ˈæn.ə.məl/ /ˈæn.ɪ.məl/ adj
ainmhíoch
Of or relating to animals.
Raw, base, unhindered by social codes.

animal /ˈæn.ə.məl/ /ˈæn.ɪ.məl/ animals n
ainmhí
(science) Any eukaryote of the clade Animalia; a multicellular organism that is usually mobile, whose cells are not encased in a rigid cell wall (distinguishing it from plants and fungi) and which derives energy solely from the consumption of other organisms (distinguishing it from plants).
(loosely) Any member of the kingdom Animalia other than a human.
(figuratively) A person who behaves wildly; a bestial, brutal, brutish, cruel, or inhuman person.

animal pole animal poles n
pol ainmhíoch
(embryology) The hemisphere of the blastula which eventually gives rise to the three germ layers and is composed of small cells that are in a state of rapid division.

animate /ˈæn.ə.meɪt/ /ˈæn.ə.mət/ /ˈæn.ɪ.meɪt/ /ˈæn.ɪ.mət/ v
beocht a chur i beoigh
(transitive) To impart motion or the appearance of motion to.
(transitive) To give spirit or vigour to; to stimulate or enliven; to inspirit.

animated /ˈæn.ɪ.meɪ.tɪd/ more animated most animated adj
ceolmhar
Endowed with life.

animator /ˈænɪˌmeɪtə(ɹ)/ animators n
beochantóir beogaire
(art) One who creates an animation or cartoon; a cartoonist.
One who animates something; one who brings something to life or the appearance of life.

animism /ˈænɪmɪzəm/ animisms n
anamachas
A belief that spirits inhabit some or all classes of natural objects or phenomena.

anion /ˈænˌaɪ.ɑn/ /ˈænˌaɪ.ɒn/ /ˈænˌaɪ.ən/ anions n
ainian
A negatively charged ion.

anionic more anionic most anionic adj
ainianach
Of or pertaining to an anion.

anise /æˈnis/ /əˈnis/ /əˈniːz/ /ˈæn.ɪs/ anises n
ainís
An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds, which are used as a spice. It has a licorice scent.

aniseed /ˈæ.nɪ.sid/ aniseeds n
síol ainíse
(countable, and, uncountable) The seed-like fruit of the anise, used in baking and in the flavouring of liqueurs such as ouzo.

aniso- /əˌnaɪsə(ʊ)/ prefix
ainisi-
unequal; not the same; not the selfsame: forming compounds words; often formed to contrast with similar words in iso-).

anisogamy /ænaɪˈsɒɡəmi/ n
ainiseagamacht
(cytology) Sexual reproduction involving the union or fusion of two dissimilar gametes.

anisotropic more anisotropic most anisotropic adj
ainiseatrópach
(physics, mathematics) Having properties that differ according to the direction of measurement; exhibiting anisotropy.

anisotropy anisotropies n
ainiseatrópacht
The property of being directionally dependent.

ankle /ˈæŋ.kəl/ ankles n
alt na coise caol na coise murnán rúitín
The skeletal joint which connects the foot with the leg; the uppermost portion of the foot and lowermost portion of the leg, which contain this skeletal joint.

anklebone /ˈaŋk(ə)lbəʊn/ anklebones n
cnámh murnáin rúitín
The bone of the ankle, forming the lower part of the ankle joint and joining with the tibia and fibula.

anklet anklets n
bráisléad murnáin
A piece of jewelry/jewellery, resembling a bracelet but worn around the ankle.

ankylosaurus /ˌæŋkəloʊˈsɔːɹəs/ ankylosauri ankylosauruses n
ancalasár
A large herbivorous dinosaur, of genus Ankylosaurus, that lived in the Cretaceous period, noted for its heavy armor and club-like tail.

ankylosis ankyloses n
ancalóis
(anatomy) The growing together of bones to form a single unit.

annalist /ˈænəlɪst/ annalists n
annálaí
A writer of annals; a chronicler; a historian.

anneal /əˈniːl/ v
ainéal
(metallurgy) To subject to great heat and then (often slow) cooling, and sometimes reheating and further cooling, for the purpose of rendering less brittle; to temper; to toughen.

annelid annelids n
anailid
Any of various wormlike animals, of the phylum Annelida, having a segmented body; they include the earthworm and the leech.

anniversary /ˌænəˈvɝs(ə)ɹi/ /ˌænɪˈvɜːs(ə)ɹi/ /ˌænɪˈvɝs(ə)ɹi/ anniversaries n
cothrom an lae
A day that is an exact number of years (to the day) since a given significant event occurred. Often preceded by an ordinal number indicating the number of years.

announcer /əˈnaʊnsə/ /əˈnaʊnsɚ/ announcers n
bolscaire
One who makes announcements.

annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ v
cráigh
(transitive) To disturb or irritate, especially by continued or repeated acts; to bother with unpleasant deeds.

annoying /əˈnɔɪ.ɪŋ/ v
bearránach
causing irritation or annoyance; troublesome; vexatious

annual /ˈæn.ju.əl/ /ˈæn.jəl/ /ˈænɪu̯.əl/ adj
bliantúil
Of, for, or relating to a whole year, often as a recurring cycle; determined or reckoned by the year; accumulating in the course of a year; performed, executed, or completed over the course of a year. See also circannual.

annual leave n
saoire bhliantúil
(workplace) Amount of time expressed as the number of days per year that an employee is entitled to be away from work.

annual report annual reports n
tuarascáil bhliantúil
(legal) In business law, a comprehensive report on a the activities of a company throughout the preceding year, generally produced in compliance with requirements established by government agencies.

annuity /əˈn(j)uɪti/ annuities n
anáid blianacht
(insurance, pensions) A right to receive amounts of money regularly over a certain fixed period, in perpetuity, or, especially, over the remaining life or lives of one or more beneficiaries.

annular /ˈænjələ/ /ˈænjəlɚ/ /ˈænjʊlə/ adj
annalach fáinneach
Pertaining to, or having the form of, a ring; ring-shaped; in the shape of an annulus.

annular eclipse annular eclipses n
urú fáinneach éiclips fáinneach
(astronomy) a solar eclipse in which the thin outer disk of the sun can be seen as a ring around the moon

annulus /-li/ /ˈænjəlaɪ/ /ˈænjələs/ /ˈænjʊlaɪ/ /ˈænjʊləs/ annuli annuluses n
annalas fáinne
A ring- or donut-shaped area or structure.

anoa /əˈnoʊə/ anoas n
anua
Either of two related species of small Indonesian water buffalo similar in appearance to deer; Bubalus quarlesi or Bubalus depressicornis.

anode /ˈæn.oʊd/ /ˈæn.əʊd/ anodes n
anóid
(electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows inwards (and thus, electrons flow outwards). It can have either a positive or a negative voltage with respect to cathode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).

anodic adj
anóideach
Relating to an anode.

anodize v
anóidigh
to coat the surface of a metal electrolytically with an oxide, either as protection or decoration

anogenital adj
anaighinitiúil
(anatomy) Of, or relating to, the anus and genitals.

anoint /əˈnɔɪnt/ v
ung
(transitive) To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous substance; also, to spread over, as oil.
(transitive) To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite, especially for consecration.

anomalistic /əˌnɑm.əˈlɪs.tɪk/ /əˌnɒm.əˈlɪs.tɪk/ more anomalistic most anomalistic adj
aimhrialta

anomalous /əˈnɑmələs/ /əˈnɒmələs/ /əˈnɔmələs/ more anomalous most anomalous adj
aimhrialta
Deviating from the normal; marked by incongruity or contradiction; aberrant or abnormal.

anomaly /əˈnɑ.mə.li/ /əˈnɒm.ə.lɪ/ /əˈnɔm.ə.lɪ/ anomalies n
aimhrialtacht
A deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as normal; an outlier.
(science) Any event or measurement that is out of the ordinary regardless of whether it is exceptional or not.
(astronomy) Any of various angular distances.
(biology) A defect or malformation.

anonymity /ænəˈnɪmɪti/ anonymities n
díth ainm gan ainmníocht neamhainmníocht
(uncountable) The quality or state of being anonymous. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

anorexia nervosa n
anoireicse néarógach
An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation due to an irrational fear of gaining weight.

anoxia /ænˈɑk.si.ə/ /ænˈɒk.sɪ.ə/ /æˈnɑk-/ /æˈnɒk-/ anoxias n
anocsacht
(ecology, pathology) A condition in which a body tissue or an environment is severely or totally deprived of oxygen; severe hypoxia.

ansa /ˈæn.sə/ ansae n
ansa
(astronomy) The most protruding part of planetary rings as seen from a distance, perceived to project like handles on either side of the disc of the planet.

answer /ˈan.sə/ /ˈæn.sə/ /ˈæn.sɚ/ /ˈɑːn.sə/ [ˈeən.sə] [ˈeən.sɚ] [ˈeːnsə ~ ˈɛːnsə] [ˈɐːnsə] answers n
freagra
(legal) A document filed in response to a complaint, responding to each point raised in the complaint and raising counterpoints.

answer /ˈan.sə/ /ˈæn.sə/ /ˈæn.sɚ/ /ˈɑːn.sə/ [ˈeən.sə] [ˈeən.sɚ] [ˈeːnsə ~ ˈɛːnsə] [ˈɐːnsə] v
freagair
To correspond to; to be in harmony with; to be in agreement with.
To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; usually with to.
(obsolete) To be or act as an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay.

ant /ænt/ /ɑːnt/ /ɛnt/ [eənt] [ɛənt] [ɛːnt] ants n
seangán
Any of various insects in the family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera, typically living in large colonies composed almost entirely of flightless females.

antagonize v
cuir as do olc a chur ar
(transitive) To work against; to oppose (especially to incite a reaction).

ante- /ˌæn.tə/ /ˌæn.tɪ/ prefix
ur-
(non-productive) Prior to in time.

anteater /ˈæntˌitɚ/ /ˈæntˌiːtə/ anteaters n
alpaire seangán arcán talún
Any of several animals of South and Central America, in suborder Vermilingua, which are noted for eating ants and termites which they catch with their long sticky tongues.

antebellum /ˌæn.tiˈbɛl.əm/ adj
réamhchogaidh
Of the time period prior to a war.

antelope /ˈæn.tə.loʊp/ /ˈæn.tɪ.loʊp/ /ˈæn.tɪ.ləʊp/ antelope antelopes n
antalóp
Any of several African mammals of the family Bovidae distinguished by hollow horns, which, unlike deer, they do not shed.

antenna /ænˈtɛn.ə/ antennae antennas n
aintéine adharcán
An apparatus to receive or transmit electromagnetic waves and convert respectively to or from an electrical signal.

antennal more antennal most antennal adj
aintéineach
Of, pertaining to, or functioning as an antenna

antennular adj
aintéiníneach
(zoology) of or relating to antennules or an antennule

antennule antennules n
aintéinín
(zoology) A small antenna.

anteriority /ænˌtɪəɹiˈɒɹɪti/ anteriorities n
réamhtheacht
The state of being previous or preceding in time or in situation.

anthelmintic /ænθɛlˈmɪntɪk/ anthelmintics n
péistphurgóid
(medicine) A drug for the treatment of worm infestation, either by killing the worms or by causing them to be expelled from the body.

anthem /ˈæn.təm/ /ˈæn.θəm/ anthems n
amhrán náisiúnta
A choral or vocal composition, often with a religious or political lyric.
aintiún
A hymn of praise or loyalty.

anther /ˈæn.θə/ /ˈæn.θɚ/ anthers n
antar
(botany) The pollen-bearing part of the stamen of a flower.

antheridium antheridia n
antairidiam
(botany, mycology) An organ producing male gametes called antherozoids, found in some algae, ferns, and bryophytes.

antherozoid antherozoids n
antrasóideach
(botany) One of the mobile male reproductive bodies in the antheridia of cryptogams.

anthill /ˈænt.hɪl/ anthills n
nead seangán
A cone-shaped structure built from sediment and other available materials by ants or white ants (termites), and beneath which the colony nests.

antho- prefix
antó-
(botany) Forms words relating to flowers

anthocyanin /ˌænθəˈsaɪənɪn/ anthocyanins n
antóiciainin
(botany, organic chemistry) Any of many water-soluble red to violet plant pigments related to the flavonoids (more noticeable in autumn after the chlorophyll decomposes)

anthracene anthracenes n
antraicéin
(organic compound) A tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (an acene containing three fused rings) obtained from coal tar; used in the manufacture of wood preservatives, insecticides and the dye alizarin; it is isomeric with phenanthrene.

anthracite /ˈænθɹəˌsaɪt/ anthracites n
clochghual
A form of carbonized ancient plants; the hardest and cleanest-burning of all the coals.

anthrax /ˈæn.θɹæks/ anthraxes n
antrasc
(pathology) An acute infectious disease of herbivores, especially sheep and cattle, caused by Bacillus anthracis.

anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/ adj
antrapach
Of or pertaining to mankind or humans, or the period of humanity's existence.

anthropic principle anthropic principles n
prionsabal na hantrapachta
Any of several similar explanations for the nature of the universe, and for the values of its fundamental constants, that states either that the universe is as it is because otherwise we wouldn't be here to observe it, or that the very presence of intelligent life constrains the universe to be as it is.

anthropo- /ænˈθɹɒpə-/ /ˈænθɹəpə-/ /ˌænθɹoʊpə-/ /ˌænθɹəpoʊ-/ /ˌænθɹəpə-/ /ˌænθɹəˈpɒ-/ prefix
antrapa-
Forming words related to men or people.

anthropocentric more anthropocentric most anthropocentric adj
antrapalárnach
Placing humans at the center of something, giving preference to humans above all other considerations.

anthropocentrism /ˌæn.θɹə.poʊˈsɛn.tɹɪz.m/ anthropocentrisms n
antrapalárnachas
A viewpoint or theory that places human beings at the center of everything, giving preference to human beings above all other considerations.

anthropogenesis n
antrapaigineas
The origin of man.

anthropogenic /ˌæn θrə pəˈdʒɛn ɪk/ adj
antrapaigineach antrapaiginiúil
Having its origin in the influence of human activity on nature.

anthropogeny anthropogenies n
antrapaigineas
The study of human origins, human generation, or the origin and development of man.

anthropogeography n
antrapaigeografaíocht
(anthropology) The study of the geographical distribution of humankind and the relationship between human beings and their environment

anthropoid /ˈænθɹəpɔɪd/ more anthropoid most anthropoid adj
antrapóideach
Having characteristics of a human, usually in terms of shape or appearance.
Having characteristics of an ape.

anthropoid /ˈænθɹəpɔɪd/ anthropoids n
antrapóideach
An anthropoid animal.

anthropological /æn.θɹə.pə.ˈlɑd͡ʒikəl/ more anthropological most anthropological adj
antraipeolaíoch
Relating to anthropology.

anthropologist /ˌæn.θɹoʊˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌæn.θɹəˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ anthropologists n
antraipeolaí
An expert in anthropology.

anthropometry /ænθɹəˈpɒmɪtɹɪ/ anthropometries n
antrapaiméadracht
The science of measuring the human body to ascertain the ranges and averages of dimensions of the human form, for various purposes including physical anthropology, epidemiology, the ergonomics of industrial design, and so on.

anthropomorphism /ˌænθɹəpəˈmɔɹfɪzəm/ anthropomorphisms n
antrapamorfachas
The attribution of human characteristics and behavior to something not human. [from mid-18th c.]

anthroposophic /ˌænθɹəpəˈsɑfɪk/ /ˌænθɹəpəˈsɒfɪk/ more anthroposophic most anthroposophic adj
antrapasúnach
Of, or pertaining to anthroposophy.

anthroposophy /ˌænθɹəˈpɑsəfi/ /ˌænθɹəˈpɒsəfi/ n
antrapasúnacht
A philosophy founded in the early 20th century by the esotericist Rudolf Steiner (also capitalized as Anthroposophy), postulating the existence of an objective, intellectually comprehensible spiritual world accessible to direct experience through inner development.

anti- /ˈæn.ti/ /ˈæn.tə/ /ˈæn.tɪ/ /ˈænˌtaɪ/ /ˈænˌti/ prefix
anta-
Against, opposed to.

anti-Semitic /ˌæntaɪ-/ /ˌæntiːsəˈmɛtɪk/ /ˌæntiːsəˈmɪtɪk/ more anti-Semitic most anti-Semitic adj
frith-Sheimíteach
Relating to or exhibiting anti-Semitism.

anti-Semitism /ˌæntaɪˈsɛmɪˌtɪzəm/ /ˌæntiˈsɛmɪˌtɪzəm/ /ˌæntɪˈsɛmɪˌtɪzəm/ anti-Semitisms n
frith-Sheimíteachas frithghiúdachas
(narrower sense) Prejudice, discrimination, hostility or political or religious opposition directed against ethnic or religious Jews or against Judaism; antijudaism; judeophobia.

antiacademic more antiacademic most antiacademic adj
frith-acadúil
Opposing what is academic.

antibacterial adj
frithbhaictéarach
(pharmaceutical effect) Killing or inhibiting bacteria.

antibiotic /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˌæn.tə.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ more antibiotic most antibiotic adj
antaibheathach frithbheathach
(pharmaceutical effect) Of or relating to antibiotics.

antibiotic /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˌæn.tə.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ antibiotics n
antaibheathach frithbheathach
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms, generally transported by the lymphatic system.

antibody antibodies n
antashubstaint frithchoirpín frithábhar
(immunology) A protein produced by B-lymphocytes that binds to a specific antigen.

anticlimax /ˈan.tiˌklaɪ.mæks/ [ˈa.ɾ̃iˌklaɪ.mæks] anticlimaxes n
frithbhuaic frithdhígeann
(rhetoric) An abrupt descent (either deliberate or unintentional) from the dignity of the idea which the speaker or writer appeared to be aiming for.

anticlinal more anticlinal most anticlinal adj
antachlaonasach

anticline /ˈæntiklaɪn/ anticlines n
dronnchlaonas
(geology) A fold with strata sloping downwards on each side.

anticlockwise /ˌæn.tiˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ /ˌæn.tiˈklɒk.waɪz/ /ˌæn.tiˈklɔk.wɑɪz/ /ˌæn.tɪˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ /ˌænˌtaɪˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ adj
tuathal
(British, Ireland, Commonwealth, of movement) In a circular fashion so as to be moving to the left at the top of the circle and to the right at the bottom (when viewed from the front), in the opposite direction to the hands of an analog clock.

anticoagulant anticoagulants n
antaithéachtach
(medicine) A substance that prevents coagulation, that stops blood from clotting.

antidazzle adj
frithdhallta
(of glases, car headlights & mirrors) That does not dazzle oncoming traffic

antidepressant more antidepressant most antidepressant adj
frithdhúlagair
(pharmaceutical effect) Preventing or counteracting depression.

antidepressant antidepressants n
frithdhúlagrán
(pharmaceutical drug) An agent that prevents or counteracts depression.

antidisestablishmentarianism /ˌæn.ti-/ /ˌæntaɪˌdɪsɪˌstæblɪʃmənˈtɛɚiəˌnɪz(ə)m/ /ˌæntiˌdɪsɪˌstæblɪʃmənˈtɛəɹiəˌnɪz(ə)m/ antidisestablishmentarianisms n
frith-dhíbhunaíochas
A political philosophy opposed to the separation of a religious group (church) and a government (state), especially the belief held by those in 19th-century England opposed to separating the Anglican church from the civil government or to refer to separation of church and state. [from 20th c.]

antidote /ˈæn.tɪ.doʊt/ antidotes n
frithnimh nimhíoc
A remedy to counteract the effects of poison.
leigheas
(figurative) Something that counteracts or prevents something harmful.

antidromic adj
antadromach
(neurology, of a nerve impulse) flowing in the opposite direction from normal

antifreeze antifreezes n
frithreo
A substance, such as glycol, used to lower the freezing point of water;

antigen antigens n
antaigin
(immunology) A substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign.

antigenic adj
antaigineach
(immunology) Of or relating to an antigen.

antihero /ˈæn.tiˌhiɹ.oʊ/ /ˈæn.tɪˌhɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈænˌtaɪ.hiɹ.oʊ/ antiheroes n
ana-laoch frith-laoch
(literature, RPG) A protagonist who proceeds in an unheroic manner, such as by criminal means, via cowardly actions, or for mercenary goals.

antilogarithm antilogarithms n
frithlogartam
(mathematics) The number of which a given number is the logarithm (to a given base).

antimalarial more antimalarial most antimalarial adj
frithmhaláireach
Preventing or counteracting malaria.

antimalarial antimalarials n
cógas frithmhaláireach
An agent that prevents or counteracts malaria.

antimatter /ˈæn.tiˌmæt.ɚ/ /ˈænˌtaɪˌmæt.ɚ/ [ˈæ.niˌmæ.ɾɚ] [ˈæ.ɾ̃iˌmæ.ɾɚ] [ˈæn.tiˌmæ.ɾɚ] antimatters n
frithdhamhna
(physics) Matter that is composed of the antiparticles of those that constitute normal matter.

antimicrobial adj
frithmhiocróbach
(pharmaceutical effect) tending to destroy or capable of destroying microbes
(pharmaceutical effect) inhibiting the growth of microbes
(pharmaceutical effect) preventing or counteracting the pathogenic action of microbes

antimony /ˈæn.tɪ.mə.niː/ /ˈæn.tɪˌmoʊ.ni/ antimonies n
antamón
A chemical element (symbol Sb, from Latin stibium) with an atomic number of 51: in its stable allotrope, a lustrous gray and very brittle metal.

antinode antinodes n
frithnód
(physics) A region of maximum amplitude situated between adjacent nodes of a vibrating body, such as a string.

antiphon /ˈæntɪfən/ /ˈæntɪˌfɑn/ antiphons n
ainteafan
A devotional chant; a piece of music sung responsively.

antiphonal adj
ainteafanúil
(music) Characterized by antiphones or antiphony; incorporating alternate, or responsive singing by a choir split into two parts.

antipodal /ænˈtɪpədl̩/ adj
antapódach
On opposite sides of the globe; pertaining to antipodes

antipope /ˈantɪpəʊp/ /ˈæntiˌpoʊp/ /ˈænˌtaɪˌpoʊp/ antipopes n
frithphápa
(Christianity) A person who claims or claimed to be the pope, usually as the result of a disputed election or deposition, but is not considered by the Roman Catholic Church to be the real pope.

antiquarian /ˌæn.tɪˈkwɛɹ.i.ən/ more antiquarian most antiquarian adj
seanda ársaíochta
Pertaining to antiquaries, or to antiquity.

antiquarian /ˌæn.tɪˈkwɛɹ.i.ən/ antiquarians n
ceannaí seandachtaí ársaitheoir
A collector or student of, or expert in, antiquities or antiques.

antiquated /ˈæntɪˌkweɪtɪd/ more antiquated most antiquated adj
seanchaite
old-fashioned, out of date

antiresonance antiresonances n
frithshondas
(physics) the condition, in an electric circuit containing a capacitor and coil in parallel and in which the alternating current line voltage and the resultant current are in phase, in which the impedance approaches infinity.

antiseptic /ˌæntiˈsɛptɪk/ more antiseptic most antiseptic adj
antaiseipteach frithsheipteach
Of, or relating to antisepsis, or the use of antiseptics.
antaiseipteach
(pharmaceutical effect) Capable of preventing microbial infection.

antiseptic /ˌæntiˈsɛptɪk/ antiseptics n
antaiseipteán frithsheipteán
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Generally includes only those that are used on living objects (as opposed to disinfectants) and aren't transported by the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria in the body (as opposed to antibiotics).

antiskid adj
frithsciorrach
Designed to increase friction, and thereby reduce the possibility of skid. (of a surface)

antitoxin antitoxins n
antatocsain fritocsain
(medicine) A medicine able to neutralize a toxin.

antler /ˈænt.lə/ /ˈænt.lɚ/ /ˈænʔ.lɚ/ /ˈænʔ.ɫɚ/ antlers n
beann
A deciduous branching and bony structure on the head of deer, moose and elk, normally in pairs. They are grown and shed each year. (Compare with horn, which is generally not shed.)

antlered adj
beannach
Having antlers.

antrum /ˈæn.tɹəm/ antra antrums n
antúr
(biology) A bodily cavity, especially one having bony walls, especially one in the sinuses.

anus /ˈeɪ.nəs/ ani anuses n
anas
(anatomy) The lower orifice of the alimentary canal in many animals, through which feces and flatus are ejected.

anvil /ˈæn.vəl/ /ˈæn.vɪl/ anvils n
inneoin
A heavy iron block used in the blacksmithing trade as a surface upon which metal can be struck and shaped.
(skeleton) The incus bone in the middle ear.

anxiety /ˌæŋ(ɡ)ˈzaɪ.ə.ti/ anxieties n
imní sníomh
An unpleasant state of mental uneasiness, nervousness, apprehension and obsession or concern about some uncertain event.

any /ˈæni/ /ˈɛni/ /ˈɛnɪ/ /ˈɪni/ determiner
aon
A/an, each or some, no matter its/their identity or nature.

any more /ˌæ.niˈmoːɹ/ /ˌæ.niˈmɔːɹ/ /ˌɛ.niˈmo(ː)ɹ/ /ˌɛ.niˈmoə/ /ˌɛ.niˈmɔɹ/ /ˌɛ.niˈmɔː/ adv
a thuilleadh feasta níos mó
(in negative or interrogative constructions) From a given time onwards; longer, again.

anyone /ˈæniˌwʌn/ /ˈɛniˌwʌn/ pronoun
aon duine
Any person; anybody.

anything /ˈæn.i.θɪŋ/ /ˈɛn.i.θɪŋ/ /ˈɛn.ɪ.θɪŋ/ pronoun
aon rud
Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatsoever; a thing of any kind; something or other.

anyway /ˈɛniweɪ/ adv
ar aon chaoi
Used to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous statement. See anyhow and at least. [from 19th c.]

aorist /ˈeɪ.ə.ɹɪst/ /ˈɛə.ɹɪst/ adj
éigríochta
(grammar) Of or pertaining to a verb in the aorist aspect.

aorist /ˈeɪ.ə.ɹɪst/ /ˈɛə.ɹɪst/ aorists n
éigríocht
(grammar) A verb paradigm found in certain languages, usually an unmarked form or one that expresses the perfective or aorist aspect.

aorta /eɪˈɔɹtə/ /eɪˈɔːtə/ aortae aortas n
aorta
(anatomy) The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.

aortic /eɪˈɔɹ.tɪk/ adj
aortach
Of or pertaining to the aorta or the aortic valve.

apart /əˈpɑɹt/ /əˈpɑː(ɹ)t/ more apart most apart adv
ar leith
Placed separately (in regard to space or time).

apart from preposition
amach ó diomaite de
Except for; besides, (postposition) apart.

apartment /əˈpɑɹt.mənt/ /əˈpɑːt.mənt/ apartments n
árasán
(chiefly, North America, Australia, Philippines) A complete domicile occupying only part of a building, especially one for rent; a flat.
seomraí cónaithe
(archaic) A suite of rooms within a domicile, designated for a specific person or persons and including a bedroom.

apastron /æˈpæstɹ(ə)n/ /æˈpæstɹən/ [ə-] apastra apastrons n
apastrón
(astronomy) The point of greatest separation between a celestial object and the star which it orbits.

apathetic /æp.əˈθɛt.ɪk/ more apathetic most apathetic adj
fuarchúiseach
Void of feeling; not susceptible of deep emotion.

apathetically more apathetically most apathetically adv
ar nós cuma liom
In an apathetic manner.

apathy /ˈæ.pə.θi/ apathies n
dímhothú fuacht fuarchúis fuarthé patuaire támh
Lack of emotion or motivation; lack of interest or enthusiasm towards something; disinterest (in something).

apatite /ˈæpətaɪt/ /ˈæpəˌtaɪt/ apatites n
apaitít
(mineral) A calcium fluoride phosphate of variable composition, sometimes used in the manufacture of fertilizer, as a gemstone, and (in powdered form) as a pigment, and also produced biologically in bones and teeth.

ape /eɪp/ apes n
ápa
A primate of the clade Hominoidea, generally larger than monkeys and distinguished from them by having no tail.

aperiodic more aperiodic most aperiodic adj
neamhthréimhsiúil
That does not recur periodically.
aipeiriadach
(mathematics, stochastic processes, of a state) for which any return to it may occur at irregular times; not periodic.

aperture /ˈap.ə.tjʊə/ /ˈap.ə.t͡ʃə/ /ˈæp.ɚ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈæp.ɚˌtjʊɹ/ /ˈæp.ɚˌtʊɹ/ /ˈæp.ɚˌt͡ʃʊɹ/ apertures n
cró
(astronomy, photography) The diameter of such a hole which restricts the width of the lightpath through the whole system. For a telescope, this is the diameter of the objective lens.

aphanipterous adj
afanaipteireach
(zoology) Of or pertaining to fleas of Aphaniptera, a former classification of insects.

aphasia /əˈfeɪzɪə/ /əˈfeɪʒə/ aphasias n
afáise
(pathology) A partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage. Usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including Broca's area and Wernicke's area, causes aphasia.

aphelion /æpˈhi.li.ə/ /æpˈhi.li.ən/ /æpˈhil.jə/ /æpˈhil.jən/ /æpˈhiː.lɪ.ə/ /æpˈhiː.lɪ.ən/ /əˈfi.li.ə/ /əˈfi.li.ən/ /əˈfil.jə/ /əˈfil.jən/ /əˈfiː.lɪ.ə/ /əˈfiː.lɪ.ən/ aphelia aphelions n
aiféilean apaihéilean cianphointe ó ghrian
(astronomy, also, figuratively) The point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, planet, or other astronomical object, where it is farthest from the Sun.

apheresis /əˈfɛɹəsɪs/ /əˈfɪəɹɪsɪs/ /ˌæfəˈɹisɪs/ aphereses n
aifiréis
(phonetics, linguistics, prosody) Elision, suppression, or complete loss of a letter or sound (syllable) from the beginning of a word, such as the development of special from especial; procope.

aphid /ˈeɪ.fɪd/ aphids n
aifid
A sap-sucking insect pest of the superfamily Aphidoidea; an aphidian.

aphorism /ˈæf.ə.ɹɪ.zəm/ [ˈæf.ə.ɹɪ.zm̩] aphorisms n
nathán seanrá
A concise, terse, laconic, or memorable expression of a general truth or principle.

aphorist aphorists n
nathaire nathaí nathaíodóir nathánaí
A person who creates or recites aphorisms.

aphosphorosis n
brios brún
A deficiency disease especially of domestic cattle caused by inadequate intake of dietary phosphorus and marked by lameness, scouring, and loss of appetite.

apish /ˈeɪpɪʃ/ more apish most apish adj
ápúil
resembling or characteristic of an ape

apnea apneas n
aipnia
(pathology) The cessation of breathing, most often in reference to transient instances thereof during sleep.

apo- prefix
apa-
Lacking, without, scant.
Away from, outward, or apart in direction.
(organic chemisty) Derived from, or related to.
(astronomy) Apoapsis: the point of a body's elliptical orbit about the system's centre of mass where the distance between the body and the centre of mass is at its maximum.

apoapsis apoapses apoapsides apoapsises n
apaipsis
(astronomy) The point of a body's elliptical orbit about the system's centre of mass where the distance between the body and the centre of mass is at its maximum.

apocalypse /əˈpɑkəlɪps/ /əˈpɒkəlɪps/ apocalypses n
apacailipsis
(Christianity) The unveiling of events prophesied in the Revelation; the second coming and the end of life on Earth; global destruction. [from 19th c.]
A disaster; a cataclysmic event; destruction or ruin. [from 19th c.]

apocalyptic /əˈpɒ.kə.lɪp.tɪk/ adj
apacailipteach
Of or relating to an apocalypse:

apocarpous adj
apacarpach
(botany) Having carpels that are not joined

apocatastasis apocatastases n
apacatastáis
(especially, religion, rare) An apocalypse leading to the remaking of the world rather than a Final Judgment, (Christianity) an Origenist doctrine condemned by the 543 C.E. Synod of Constantinople.

apocenter apocenters n
apafócas apalár
(astronomy) The furthest point of an astronomical object in an elliptical orbit to its center of attraction (the principal focus of the ellipse)

apocope /əˈpɒ.kə.pi/ apocopes n
coimriú deiridh
(loosely) The loss or omission of a sound or syllable from the end of a word.

apocrypha /əˈpɒk.ɹə.fə/ apocrypha n
apacrafa
Something, as a writing, that is of doubtful authorship or authority (formerly also used attributively).

apocryphal /əˈpɑːkɹəfəl/ /əˈpɑːkɹɪfəl/ /əˈpɒkɹəfəl/ /əˈpɒkɹɪfəl/ more apocryphal most apocryphal adj
apacrafúil
(by extension) Of dubious veracity; of questionable accuracy or truthfulness; anecdotal or in the nature of an urban legend.

apogalacticon apogalacticons n
apairéaltracan
(astronomy) The point in the orbit of a star at which it is furthest from the centre of its local galaxy

apogamy /əˈpɒɡəmɪ/ n
apagamacht
(botany) Asexual reproduction of a fully formed plant directly from a bud.

apogee /ˈæp.ə.d͡ʒi/ apogees n
apaigí
(astronomy) The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is farthest from the Earth: the apoapsis of an Earth orbiter.

apolitical more apolitical most apolitical adj
neamhpholaitiúil
Having no interest or involvement in politics.
Having no political relevance or function.

apologue /ˈæpəlɒɡ/ apologues n
apalóg fabhalscéal fáithscéal uirscéal
A short story with a moral, often involving talking animals or objects; a fable.

apology /əˈpɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /əˈpɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ apologies n
apalacht
A formal justification, defence.

apoplexy /ˈæp.ə.plɛk.si/ apoplexies n
apaipléis
(symptom) Gross hemorrhage into a cavity or into the substance of an organ.

apoptosis /ˌapɒpˈtəʊsɪs/ /ˌæ.pəˈtoʊ.sɪs/ /ˌæpəpˈtoʊsəs/ apoptoses n
apaptóis
(biology, cytology) A process of programmed cell death by which cells undergo an ordered sequence of events which leads to death of the cell, as occurs during growth and development of the organism, as a part of normal cell aging, or as a response to cellular injury. [from 20th c.]

apostasy /əˈpɒ.stə.si/ /əˈpɔs.tə.si/ apostasies n
athchreideamh séanadh creidimh
The renunciation of a belief or set of beliefs.
Specifically, the renunciation of one's religion or faith.

apostle /əˈpɑsl̩/ /əˈpɒs(ə)l/ apostles n
aspal
A missionary, or leader of a religious mission, especially one in the early Christian Church (but see Apostle).

apostleship apostleships n
aspalacht
The position, post, or duty of being an apostle

apostolic /ˌæp.ə.ˈstɑːl.ɪk/ /ˌæp.ə.ˈstɒl.ɪk/ adj
aspalach aspalda
(Christianity) Pertaining to apostles or their practice or teaching; pertaining to the apostles (of early Christianity) or their teachings.
According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles.

apostrophe /əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/ /əˈpɒs.tɹə.fi/ apostrophes n
apastróf uaschamóg
(orthography) The text character ’, which serves as a punctuation mark in various languages and as a diacritical mark in certain rare contexts.
aitheasc apastróf
(rhetoric) A sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent.

apostrophize v
aitheasc
To add one or more apostrophe characters to text to indicate missing letters.

apothecium apothecia n
apaitéiciam
(lichenology & mycology) A type of fructification of some ascomycete fungi, forming cyst structures of various shapes. Often the fungal components of lichens have this sort of fertile structure.

apothegm /ˈæ.pə.θɛm/ apothegms n
nath nathán
A short, witty, instructive saying; an aphorism or maxim. [from mid-16th c.]

apotropaic /ˌæpətɹəˈpeɪ.ɪk/ more apotropaic most apotropaic adj
apatrópaech
(religion, mysticism) Intended to ward off evil. [from 1883]

app /æp/ [æʔp̚] apps n
aip
(computing, mobile phones) An application (program), especially a small one designed for a mobile device.

apparatus /æp.əˈɹeɪ.təs/ /æp.əˈɹæt.əs/ /æp.əˈɹɑː.təs/ apparati apparatus apparatuses apparatusses apparatûs apparatūs n
deis fearas sás
The entirety of means whereby a specific production is made existent or task accomplished.
gléasra sás
A complex machine or instrument.
fearas gléasra
(collective) An assortment of tools and instruments.

apparent /əˈpæɹ.ənt/ /əˈpɛɚ.ənt/ more apparent most apparent adj
soiléir
Clear or manifest to the understanding; plain; evident; obvious; known; palpable; indubitable.
dealramhach follasach
Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished from, but not necessarily opposed to, true or real); seeming.

apparent magnitude apparent magnitudes n
méid dhealraitheach
(astronomy) a numerical measure of the brightness of a star, planet etc.; a decrease of 1 unit represents an increase in the light received by a factor of 2.512

apparently /əˈpæɹ.ənt.li/ /əˈpæɹ.ənt.liː/ more apparently most apparently adv
is cosúil go
According to what the speaker has read or heard.

appeal /əˈpil/ /əˈpiːl/ appeals n
achomharc
An application to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.

appeal /əˈpil/ /əˈpiːl/ v
achomharc
(intransitive) Often followed by against (the inferior court's decision) or to (the superior court): to apply to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.

appealing /əˈpi.lɪŋ/ /əˈpiː.lɪŋ/ /ʌˈpi.əl.ɪŋ/ more appealing most appealing adj
mealltach taitneamhach tarraingteach
Having appeal; attractive.

appear /əˈpiːɹ/ /əˈpɪə/ /əˈpɪɹ/ [əˈpʰɪɹ] v
taibhsigh
(intransitive, copulative) To seem; to have a certain semblance; to look.

appearance /əˈpɪɹ.əns/ appearances n
láithreas nochtadh
The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye.
aithnid comharthaí comharthaí aithne comharthaí sóirt cruth cuma
(legal) An instance of someone coming into a court of law to be part of a trial, lawsuit or other proceeding, either in person or represented by an attorney or such like; a court appearance

appearances are deceptive proverb
tá láithrithe mealltach
It is not possible to judge a person's character from their outward appearance.

appease /əˈpiːz/ v
ceansaigh
To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to a state of peace; to dispel (anger or hatred).

appellant /əˈpɛln̩t/ adj
achomharcach
(law) of or relating to appeals; appellate

appellant /əˈpɛln̩t/ appellants n
achomharcóir
(law) a litigant or party that is making an appeal in court

appendiceal /əˌpɛndəˈsiəl/ /ˈdɪʃəl/ /ˌæpənˈdɪsiəl/ adj
aipindiceach
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the appendix.

appendix /əˈpɛn.dɪks/ /əˈpɪn.dɪks/ appendices appendixes n
aguisín forscríbhinn
A text added to the end of a book or an article, containing additional information.

appetite /ˈæpəˌtaɪt/ /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ appetites n
dúil goile
The desire for some personal gratification, either of the body or of the mind.

appetizing /ˈæp.ə.taɪz.ɪŋ/ more appetizing most appetizing adj
blasta cumhra goiliúil neamúil
That appeals to, or stimulates the appetite.

apple /ˈæpəl/ [ˈæpɫ̩] apples n
úll
(Christianity) The fruit of the tree of knowledge, eaten by Adam and Eve according to modern Christian tradition; the forbidden fruit. [from 11th c.]

apple juice apple juices n
sú úll
The juice of apples, often used as a drink.

apple pear apple pears n
piorra Seapánach
Pyrus pyrifolia, the tree that bears this fruit.

apple pie /ˌæp.əlˈpaɪ/ /ˌæp.əlˈpɑɪ/ [ˌæp.ɫ̩ˈpaɪ] [ˌæp.ɫ̩ˈpɑɪ] apple pies n
pióg úll
A pie or tart made with a filling of cooked apples.

apple sauce apple sauces n
anlann úll
(UK spelling) A culinary dish prepared by pureeing cooked apples.

apple tree /ˈæpl̩ tɹi/ /ˈæpl̩ tɹiː/ apple trees n
abhaill crann úll
(botany) Any tree that bears apples, principally Malus domestica but also certain wild species.

application /ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən/ applications n
feidhmchlár
(computing) A computer program or the set of software that the end user perceives as a single entity as a tool for a well-defined purpose. (Also called: application program; application software.)
iarratas
A verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school, course or similar.

applicator applicators n
riarthóir
A tool or device used to apply a fluid or semi-fluid substance to a surface.

applied linguistics n
teangeolaíocht fheidhmeach
(linguistics) The interdisciplinary field of linguistics that identifies, investigates and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems.

apply /əˈplaɪ/ v
cuir i bhfeidhm
(transitive) To put to use; to use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case

appointment /əˈpɔɪnt.mɛnt/ /əˈpɔɪnt.mɪnt/ [əˈpʰɔɪ̯nʔmɪnʔ] [əˈpʰɔɪ̯̃ʔmɪnʔ] appointments n
coinne
(government) The assignment of a person by an official to perform a duty, such as a presidential appointment of a judge to a court.

apposition /ˌæpəˈzɪʃn̩/ appositions n
comhaisnéis
(grammar) A construction in which one noun or noun phrase is placed with another as an explanatory equivalent, both of them having the same syntactic function in the sentence.

appreciate /əˈpɹiː.si.eɪt/ /əˈpɹiː.ʃi.eɪt/ /əˈpɹɪʃ.i.eɪt/ v
bheith buíoch as
(transitive) To be grateful or thankful for.
meas a bheith agat ar
(transitive) To view as valuable.
tuig
(transitive) To be fully conscious of; understand; be aware of; detect.
ardaigh luachmhéadaigh
(intransitive, transitive) To increase in value.

approach /əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /əˈpɹəʊt͡ʃ/ approaches n
ionsaí
(also, figuratively) An act of drawing near in place or time; an advancing or coming near.

approach /əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /əˈpɹəʊt͡ʃ/ v
ionsaigh
(intransitive) To come or go near, in place or time; to move toward; to advance nearer; to draw nigh.

appropriate /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.eɪt/ /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.ət/ /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.ɪt/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.eɪt/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.ət/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.ɪt/ more appropriate most appropriate adj
oiriúnach
Suitable or fit; proper.

apricot /æepɹɪˈkɒt/ /æepɹɪˈkɔt/ /ˈeɪ.pɹɪ.kɑt/ /ˈeɪ.pɹɪ.kɒt/ /ˈæp.ɹɪ.kɑt/ apricots n
crann aibreoige
The apricot tree, Prunus armeniaca
aibreog
A pale yellow-orange colour, like that of an apricot fruit.

apron /ˈeɪ.pəɹn/ /ˈeɪ.pɹən/ aprons n
bairbéal naprún
The loading, parking or roadway area immediately beside a railway station

apse /æps/ apses apsides n
cúlbhá
(architecture) A semicircular projection from a building, especially the rounded east end of a church that contains the altar.
cathaoir easpaig
The bishop's seat or throne in ancient churches.

apsis /ˈæpsɪs/ apses apsides n
cúlbhá
(architecture) A recess or projection, with a dome or vault, at the east end of a church; an apse.
aipsis
(astronomy) Either of the points in the elliptical orbit of a planet, comet, or moon where it is closest or furthest from the body it orbits; examples are perihelion, aphelion, perigee, and apogee

apt /æpt/ apter aptest more apt most apt adj
fóirsteanach tráthúil
Suitable; appropriate; fit or fitted; suited.

aptitude /ˈæptɪˌtjuːd/ aptitudes n
éirimiúlacht
Natural ability to acquire knowledge or skill.

aptness /ˈæptnəs/ aptnesses n
tráthúlacht
suitability; the quality of being apt or suitable

aquaculture aquacultures n
dobharshaothrú uisceshaothrú
The cultivation of aquatic produce such as aquatic plants, fish, and other aquatic animals.

aquamanile aquamaniles aquamanilia n
acuamainíl
(historical) A ewer or jug-like vessel, shaped like an animal or human figure, used for washing the hands.

aquamarine /ˌæk.wə.məˈɹiːn/ /ˌɑ.kwə.məˈɹiːn/ aquamarines n
muirghorm
The bluish-green colour of the sea.
cloch mhuirghorm
A transparent bluish-green, sometimes yellow-green, variety of beryl.

aquaponics /(ˌ)ækwəˈpɒnɪks/ /ˌækwə-/ /ˌɑkwəˈpɑnɪks/ n
uiscephonaic
(agriculture) A sustainable food production system that combines traditional aquaculture with hydroponics, with effluent from the water in which fish are reared being used as nutrition for plants.

aquarium /-ɛɹiəm/ /əˈkwɛɹ.i.jəm/ aquaria aquariums n
uisceadán
A tank, often made of glass, for keeping live fish or other aquatic animals.
A public place where live fish and other aquatic animals are exhibited.

aquatic /w/ /ɘ.ˈkwɔ.tɘk/ /ə.ˈkwæ.tɪk/ /ə.ˈkwɑ.tɪk/ /ə.ˈkwɒ.tɪk/ more aquatic most aquatic adj
uisciúil uiscí
Relating to water; living in or near water, taking place in water.

aqueous /ˈeɪ.kwi.əs/ /ˈæ.kwi.əs/ /ˈɑ.kwi.əs/ more aqueous most aqueous adj
uiscí
(physical chemistry) Consisting mostly of water. Often used in the expression "aqueous solution".

aqueous humour aqueous humours n
lionn uiscí
(ophthalmology) The clear, watery fluid that fills the front of the eye between the cornea and the crystalline lens.

aquifer /ˈækwɪfə/ /ˈækwɪfɝ/ /ˈɑkwɪfɝ/ aquifers n
uiscíoch
An underground layer of water-bearing porous stone, earth, or gravel.

aquiline nose aquiline noses n
bachall
A nose with a hooked, bent shape.

ar /ˈaɹ/ /ˈäːɹ/ /ˈɑɹ/ /ˈɑɹə/ /ˈɑː/ ars n
ear ruis
The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.

arability n
arúlacht
(agriculture) The capacity for land to produce or support vegetation.

arable /ˈæɹəbl̩/ more arable most arable adj
arúil
(agriculture, of land) Able to be plowed or tilled, capable of growing crops (traditionally contrasted with pasturable lands such as heaths).
(agriculture, NGO, _, jargon, of land) Under cultivation (within any quinquennial period) for the production of crops sown and harvested within the same agricultural year (contrasted with permanently-cropped lands such as orchards).

arachnid /əˈɹæknɪd/ arachnids n
araicnid
Any of the eight-legged creatures, including spiders, mites, and scorpions, of the class Arachnida.

arachnology n
araicneolaíocht
The study of the Arachnida.

arachnophobia /æˌɹæk.nəˈfəʊ.bɪ.ə/ arachnophobias n
aracnafóibe uamhan damhán alla
An abnormal or irrational fear of arachnids, especially spiders.

arbitrage /ˈɑɹ.bɪ.tɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɑɹbɪˌtɹɑʒ/ arbitrages n
arbatráiste
(finance) A market activity in which a security, commodity, currency or other tradable item is bought in one market and sold simultaneously in another, in order to profit from price differences between the markets.

arbitrary /ˈɑɹ.bɪˌtɹɛ(ə).ɹi/ /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹi/ /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/ more arbitrary most arbitrary adj
aondeonach ar togradh treallach
(usually, of a decision) Based on individual discretion or judgment; not based on any objective distinction, perhaps even made at random.
ansmachtúil dírialta
Determined by impulse rather than reason; sometimes heavy-handed.
Determined by independent arbiter.

arbor /ˈaːbə/ /ˈɑɹbɚ/ /ˈɑːbə/ arbores arbors n
lúibín coille
A grove of trees.

arboreal /ɑɹˈbɔɹi.əl/ adj
crannach
Living in or among trees.

arc /ɑɹk/ /ɑːk/ arcs n
arc
(geometry) A continuous part of the circumference of a circle (circular arc) or of another curve. [from 16th c.]
(mathematics) A continuous mapping from a real interval (typically [0, 1]) into a space.

arc lamp arc lamps n
arclampa
An electric arc arranged so as to produce useful light.

arch /ɑɹk/ /ɑɹt͡ʃ/ /ɑːk/ /ɑːt͡ʃ/ arches n
trácht
(anatomy) The curved part of the bottom of a foot.

arch- /ɑ(ɹ)k/ /ɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃ/ prefix
ard-
A title in a hierarchy which indicates a higher degree of rank than its root word.
Leading, foremost, primary, or principal.
(augmentative) Intensely, extremely, or exceptionally.

archaeastronomy /ˌɑː(ɹ)ki.əsˈtɹɒnəmi/ n
aircéiréalteolaíocht
(astronomy, archaeology) The historical, especially archeological, study of astronomy; the study of the astronomical systems and methods of ancient cultures often embracing the astrology and cosmology of the past.

archaeo- prefix
aircéi-
ancient, early, primitive

archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ archaeologists n
seandálaí
Someone who studies or practises archaeology.

archaeology /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ archaeologies n
seandálaíocht
The study of the past by excavation and analysis of its material remains:

archaic /ɐːˈkæɪ.ɪk/ /ɑɹ.ˈkeɪ.ɪk/ /ɑː.ˈkeɪ.ɪk/ more archaic most archaic adj
ársa
Of or characterized by antiquity; old-fashioned, quaint, antiquated.

archaism /ˈaː.kæɪ.ɪz.əm/ /ˈɑɹ.keɪˌɪz.əm/ /ˈɑɹ.kiˌɪz.əm/ /ˈɑː.keɪ.ɪz.əm/ archaisms n
ársaíocht
An archaic word, style, etc.

archangel /ɑː(ɹ)ˈkeɪn.d͡ʒəl/ /ˈɑː(ɹ).keɪn.d͡ʒəl/ archangels n
ardaingeal
A powerful angel that leads many other angels, but is still loyal to a deity, and often seen as belonging to a particular archangelical rank or order within a greater hierarchy of angels. (Judeo-Christian examples: Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, Uriel).

archbishop /ˈɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃˌbɪʃəp/ /ˌɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃˈbɪʃəp/ archbishopess archbishops n
ardeaspag
A senior bishop who is in charge of an archdiocese, and presides over a group of dioceses called a province (in Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Anglicanism, etc.)

archbishopric /ɑɹt͡ʃˈbɪʃəpɹɪk/ /ɑːt͡ʃˈbɪʃəpɹɪk/ archbishoprics n
ardeaspagóideacht
(ecclesiastical) The rank or office of an archbishop.
deoise ardeaspaig
(ecclesiastical) The jurisdiction of an archbishop.

archdeacon archdeacons n
ard-deagánach
(Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy) A senior administrative official in a diocese, just under the bishop, often in charge of an archdeaconry. As a title, it can be filled by either a deacon or priest.

archdiocese /-siːz/ /ˌɑɹt͡ʃˈdaɪəsɪs/ /ˌɑːtʃˈdaɪ.ə.sɪs/ archdioceses n
ard-deoise deoise ardeaspaig
(Christianity) An area administered by an archbishop; the ecclesiastical hierarchy of this area, also under the archbishop.

archduke archdukes n
ard-diúc
(historical) The son or male-line grandson of an emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

archegonium archegonia n
arcagóiniam
(botany) A multicellular reproductive structure that contains a large, non-motile gamete (egg cell), and within which an embryo will develop.

archenteron archentera archenterons n
airceintrean
(anatomy) A primitive alimentary cavity

archeress /ˈɑːtʃəɹɪs/ archeresses n
banbhoghdóir banshaighdeoir
A female archer.

archipelago /ˌɑɹkəˈpɛləˌɡoʊ/ /ˌɑːkəˈpɛləɡəʊ/ archipelagoes archipelagos n
oileánra
(collective) A group of islands.

architect /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/ /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛkt/ architects n
ailtire
A professional who designs buildings or other structures, or who prepares plans and superintends construction.
A person who plans, devises or contrives the achievement of a desired result.

architecture /ˈɑɹkɪtɛkt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈɑː.kɪ.ˌtɛk.tʃə/ architectures n
ailtireacht
The art and science of designing and managing the construction of buildings and other structures, particularly if they are well proportioned and decorated.

archive /ˈaː.kɑɪv/ /ˈɑɹkaɪv/ /ˈɑːkaɪv/ archives n
aircív cartlann
A place for storing earlier, and often historical, material. An archive usually contains documents (letters, records, newspapers, etc.) or other types of media kept for historical interest.

archivist /ˈɑː(ɹ)kəvɪst/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)kɪvɪst/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)ˌkaɪvɪst/ archivists n
cartlannaí
One who is in charge of, or performs the task of creating, collecting, cataloguing, organising, and archives.

archway archways n
bealach stuach
A passageway covered by an arch, particularly one made of masonry.

arctic fox arctic foxes n
sionnach Artach
Vulpes lagopus, a fox of the family Canidae, living in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia.

arctic hare arctic hares n
giorria an Artaigh
A North-American hare of species Lepus arcticus, that is white, usually year round, found in the Arctic.

arctic tern arctic terns n
geabhróg Artach
A migratory bird that travels between the Arctic and Antarctic, Sterna paradisaea.

ardent /ˈɑɹdənt/ /ˈɑːdənt/ more ardent most ardent adj
galach
Full of ardor; expressing passion, spirit, or enthusiasm.

are /ɛə/ /ɛəɹ/ /ɛɹ/ /ɛː/ ares n
ár
(rare) An accepted (but deprecated and rarely used) metric unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent. Symbol: a.

are you religious phraseologicalUnit
an bhfuil tú reiligiúnach?
A request for information about the listener's (or listeners') religious beliefs.

area /ˈɛə.ɹɪə/ /ˈɛɚ.i.ə/ /ˈɛː.ɹɪə/ areas areæ n
achar
(mathematics) A measure of the extent of a surface; it is measured in square units.
ceantar dúiche
A particular geographic region.

area code area codes n
cód ceantair
(US, Australia, Philippines) A prefix appended to a telephone number indicating the geographical area.

areca arecas n
airéic
Any member of the genus Areca of about fifty species of single-stemmed palms in the family Arecaceae, found in humid tropical forests.

arena /əˈɹiːnə/ arenae arenas arenæ n
airéine
An enclosed area, often outdoor, for the presentation of sporting events (sports arena) or other spectacular events; earthen area, often oval, specifically for rodeos (North America) or circular area for bullfights (especially Hispanic America).
The building housing such an area; specifically, a very large, often round building, often topped with a dome, designated for indoor sporting or other major events, such as concerts.
saol
A realm in which events take place; an area of interest, study, behaviour, etc.

argali argalis n
árgailí
Ovis ammon, the largest wild sheep, which roams the highlands of Central Asia.

argan /ˈɑː(ɹ)ɡən/ argans n
crann argáin
Fruit of this tree.

argent /ˈɑɹd͡ʒənt/ /ˈɑːdʒənt/ argents n
airgead
(tincture) The white or silver tincture on a coat of arms.

argentine /ˈɑː(ɹ).d͡ʒənˌtaɪn/ /ˈɑː(ɹ).d͡ʒənˌtiːn/ argentines n
airgintín
Any osmeriform fish of the genus Argentina, especially a European argentine (Argentina sphyraena).

argentite argentites n
argaintít
(mineral) Silver sulfide, (Ag2S), a primary ore of silver, in cubic or hexoctahedral crystals.

arginase arginases n
arganáis
(enzyme) An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine to form urea and ornithine

arginine /ˈɑɹɡɪniːn/ /ˈɑːdʒɪniːn/ arginines n
argainín
An amino acid found in animal foods that plays an important role in several physiological processes.

argon /ˈɑːɹɡɒn/ argons n
argón
The chemical element (symbol Ar) with an atomic number of 18. The third most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere, it is a colourless, odourless, inert noble gas.

argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ /ˈɑː.ɡjuː/ v
áitigh
To show grounds for concluding (that); to indicate, imply.

arguer arguers n
argónaí
One who argues.

argument /-ɡju-/ /-ɡjə-/ /ˈɑɹɡjʊmənt/ /ˈɑːɡjʊmənt/ arguments n
argóint
(countable, also, figuratively) A fact or statement used to support a proposition; a reason.
argóinteacht
(countable) A process of reasoning; argumentation.
aighneas
(countable) A verbal dispute; a quarrel.

argumentation argumentations n
argóinteacht foclaíocht
Inference based on reasoning from given propositions.

argumentative /ˌɑɹɡjəˈmɛn(t)ətɪv/ /ˌɑːɡjʊmɛnˈteɪtɪv/ /ˌɑːɡjʊˈmɛntətɪv/ [-ɾɪv] more argumentative most argumentative adj
aighneasach argóinteach conspóideach
Prone to argue or dispute.

argumentativeness n
aighneasacht
the state of being argumentative

aril arils n
aral
(botany) A tissue surrounding the seed in certain fruits such as pomegranates.

arise /əˈɹaɪz/ v
éirigh
(intransitive) To come up from one's bed or place of repose; to get up.

arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/ adj
uimhríochta uimhríochtúil
(mathematics) Of, relating to, or using arithmetic; arithmetical.

arithmetic /əˈɹɪθmətɪk/ /ˌæɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/ arithmetics n
uimhríocht áireamh figiúr
The mathematics of numbers (integers, rational numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers) under the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

arithmetic logic unit arithmetic logic units n
aonad loighce agus uimhríochta
(computer hardware) the section of a CPU that performs calculations and logical operations

arithmetic progression arithmetic progressions n
seicheamh comhbhreise seicheamh uimhríochtúil
(analysis) A sequence in which each term except the first is obtained from the previous by adding a constant value, known as the common difference of the arithmetic progression.

arity /ˈeəɹɪti/ /ˈæɹɪti/ arities n
nárthacht
(logic, mathematics, computer science) The number of arguments or operands a function or operation takes. For a relation, the number of domains in the corresponding Cartesian product.

ark /ɑɹk/ /ɑːk/ arks n
áirc
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) Noah's ark: the ship built by Noah to save his family and a collection of animals from the deluge.
(Judaism) A decorated cabinet at the front of a synagogue, in which Torah scrolls are kept.

arm /ɐːm/ /ɑɹm/ /ɑːm/ arms n
géag lámh sciathán
The portion of the upper human appendage, from the shoulder to the wrist and sometimes including the hand.
arm
(usually used in the plural) A weapon.
armas
(in the plural) Heraldic bearings or insignia.

arm /ɐːm/ /ɑɹm/ /ɑːm/ v
armáil
(transitive) To supply with armour or (later especially) weapons.
(transitive, figurative) To supply with the equipment, knowledge, authority, or other tools needed for a particular task; to furnish with capability; to equip.

arm in arm adv
in uillinn a chéile uillinn ar uillinn
With arms linked together; with arms around each other's shoulder or waist. (of two or more people)

armada /ɑɹˈmɑdə/ /ɑːˈmɑːdə/ armadas n
armáid
A fleet of warships, especially with reference to the Spanish Armada.
Any large army or fleet of military vessels.
arm carn cual plód púir slua
A large flock of anything.

armadillo /ɑɹməˈdɪloʊ/ /ɑːməˈdɪləʊ/ armadilloes armadillos n
armadailín
Any of the burrowing mammals covered with bony, jointed, protective plates, order Cingulata, found in the Americas, especially in South America.

armament /ˈɑː(ɹ)məmənt/ armaments n
arm
A body of forces equipped for war.
arm armáil
(military, naval) All the cannon and small arms collectively, with their equipments, belonging to a ship or a fortification.
armáil
The process of building up military capacity.

armature /ˈɑɹ.mə.tjʊɚ/ /ˈɑɹ.mə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈɑɹ.mə.t͡ʃʊɚ/ /ˈɑː.mə.tjə/ /ˈɑː.mə.tjʊə/ armatures n
cumhdach
A protective organ, structure, or covering of an animal or plant, for defense or offense, like claws, teeth, thorns, or the shell of a turtle.

armchair /ˈɑɹmt͡ʃɛɚ/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)mtʃɛə(ɹ)/ armchairs n
cathaoir uilleach cathaoir uilleann
A chair with supports for the arms or elbows.

armed conflict armed conflicts n
coinbhleachta armtha
(international law, military) A contested incompatibility that entails the use of armed force between two parties including a territory, the government of a state, or both.

armful /ˈɑɹmˌfʊl/ /ˈɑːmfʊl/ armfuls armsful armsfuls n
uchtán uchtóg
The amount an arm or arms can hold.

armlock armlocks n
glas ascaille
A wrestling move in which the opponent's arm is held immobile.

armor /ˈɑː.mə/ /ˈɑːɹ.mɚ/ armors n
armúr
(uncountable) A protective layer over a body, vehicle, or other object intended to deflect or diffuse damaging forces.
(uncountable) A natural form of this kind of protection on an animal's body.

armor-piercing shot armor-piercing shots n
sliogán pollta armúir
(military) An armor-piercing solid metal projectile having no bursting charge, in use mainly during World War II, abbreviated AP, or simply "shot".

armored personnel carrier armored personnel carriers n
iompróir armúrtha pearsanra
An armored vehicle for carrying infantry soldiers in combat.

armorer armorers n
armadóir
A manufacturer of weapons, especially of guns.

armourbearer armourbearers n
giolla airm
One who carries armor for another.

armoured adj
armúrtha
Possessing, wearing, or fitted out with armour.
(military) Equipped with armoured vehicles.

armoured car armoured cars n
carr armúrtha
An automobile equipped with armour to protect important passengers.
(military) A small wheeled armoured fighting vehicle.
(law enforcement) An armoured vehicle resistant to small arms fire.

armpit /ˈɑɹmˌpɪt/ armpits n
ascaill
The cavity beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder.

army /ˈɐː.mi(ː)/ /ˈɑɹ.mi/ /ˈɑː.miː/ armies n
arm armáil
A large, highly organized military force, concerned mainly with ground (rather than air or naval) operations.

aroma /əˈɹoʊmə/ /əˈɹəʊmə/ aromas aromata n
dea-bholadh
A smell; especially a pleasant spicy or fragrant one.

around /əˈɹaʊnd/ adv
timpeall
So as to surround or be near.
(with turn, spin, etc.) So as to partially or completely rotate; so as to face in the opposite direction.
thart timpeall
From place to place.

around /əˈɹaʊnd/ preposition
um
Forming a circle or closed curve containing (something).
i dtrátha
Near; in the vicinity of.

arouse /əˈɹaʊz/ v
spreag
(transitive) To stimulate or induce (feelings).

arpeggio /ɑɹˈpɛ.d͡ʒi.oʊ/ arpeggi arpeggios n
airpéitse
(music) The notes of a chord played individually instead of simultaneously, usually moving from lowest to highest.

arrange /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ v
gléas ceartaigh cóirigh socraigh
(transitive) To set up; to organize; to put into an orderly sequence or arrangement.
socraigh
(transitive, intransitive) To plan; to prepare in advance.
ceartaigh
(music, transitive, intransitive) To prepare and adapt an already-written composition for presentation in other than its original form.

arranged marriage arranged marriages n
cleamhnas
The marriage (union) of two people planned by someone other than the two people who are united in it.

arrangement /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒmənt/ arrangements n
inleadh
The act of arranging.
socrú
An agreement.
ceartú
(music) An adaptation of a piece of music for other instruments, or in another style.

arrear /əˈɹɪə/ /əˈɹɪɹ/ arrears n
riaráiste
Unpaid debt.

arrest /əˈɹɛst/ v
coisc
(transitive) To stop or slow (a process, course etc.). [from 14th c.]
gabh
(transitive) To seize (someone) with the authority of the law; to take into legal custody. [from 14th c.]

arrogance /ˈæɹ.oʊ.ɡəns/ /ˈæɹ.ə.ɡəns/ arrogances n
anuaill borrachas
The state of being arrogant; a type of extreme or foolish pride in which someone feels much superior to another.

arrogant /ˈæɹəɡənt/ /ˈɛɹəɡənt/ more arrogant most arrogant adj
ainteann anuaibhreach anuallach borrach béalteann dí-umhal
Having excessive pride in oneself, often with contempt or disrespect for others.

arrow /ˈæɹoʊ/ /ˈæɹə/ /ˈæɹəʊ/ /ˈɛ(ə)ɹoʊ/ arrows n
saighead
A projectile consisting of a shaft, a point and a tail with stabilizing fins that is shot from a bow.

arrowroot /ˈæɹoʊˌɹut/ /ˈæɹə(ʊ)ɹuːt/ /ˈɛɹoʊˌɹut/ arrowroots n
ararút
(countable, uncountable) Maranta arundinacea from the Marantaceae family, a large perennial herb native to the Caribbean area with green leaves about 15 centimeters long. [from late 17th c.]
(uncountable) A starchy substance obtained from the rhizomes of an arrowroot plant used as a thickener.

arsehole /ˈɑː(ɹ)s.hoʊl/ arseholes n
tóin
(Commonwealth, mildly, vulgar) The anus.

arsenic /ɑɹˈsɛnɪk/ /ɑː(ɹ)ˈsɛnɪk/ /ˈɑɹsənɪk/ /ˈɑː(ɹ).sə.nɪk/ arsenics n
arsanaic airsnic arsnaig
A toxic grey brittle nonmetallic chemical element (symbol As) with an atomic number of 33.

arsenical /ɑːˈsɛnɪkl̩/ more arsenical most arsenical adj
arsanach
Of or pertaining to, or containing, arsenic.

arsenious adj
arsanúil
(chemistry) Of or containing arsenic with a valence of 3.

arsine /ˈɑː(ɹ)saɪn/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)siːn/ arsines n
airsín
(inorganic compound, uncountable) A compound of arsenic and hydrogen, AsH3, a colorless and exceedingly poisonous gas, having an odor like garlic.

arson /ˈɑɹsən/ /ˈɑːsən/ arsons n
coirloscadh
The crime of deliberately starting a fire with intent to cause damage.

art /ɐːt/ /ɑɹt/ /ɑːt/ [-tsʰ] [-ɻ-] [aːt] [äːt] [äˑɹt] [ɐɹt] [ɑːtʰ] [ɑːʔ] [ɑˑɻt] [ɑ̈ɹt] [ɒət] [ɒɹt] [ɒːt] arts n
ealaín
(uncountable) The conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colours, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions, usually specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium.
(countable) Skillful creative activity, usually with an aesthetic focus.
(uncountable) The study and the product of these processes.
(uncountable) Aesthetic value.
(countable) Skill that is attained by study, practice, or observation.
(uncountable, dated) Contrivance, scheming, manipulation.

art gallery art galleries n
dánlann gailearaí ealaíne
A room, a group of rooms, or other space where works of art are placed on display, possibly for sale.

arterial adj
artaireach
Of or relating to an artery.

artery /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ /ˈɑː.tə.ɹi/ arteries n
artaire
(anatomy) Any of the muscular- and elastic-walled blood vessels forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed away from the heart regardless of its oxygenation status; see pulmonary artery.

artesian /ɑɹˈtiʒən/ /ɑːˈtiːʒən/ adj
airtéiseach
rising to the surface

artesian water artesian waters n
uisce airtéiseach

artesian well artesian wells n
fuarán airtéiseach tobar airtéiseach
An aquifer in which water rises to the surface under its own hydrostatic pressure.

artfulness artfulnesses n
ealaíontacht
The quality of being artful or of acting in an artful manner.

arthralgia /ɑɹˈθɹæl.d͡ʒi.ə/ /ɑːˈθɹæl.dʒi.ə/ arthralgias n
artrailge
Pain in a joint, especially when not caused by arthritis.

arthritis /ɑː(ɹ)θˈɹ(a)ɪtɪs/ arthritides arthritises n
airtríteas
Inflammation of a joint or joints causing pain and/or disability, swelling and stiffness, and due to various causes such as infection, trauma, degenerative changes or metabolic disorders.

arthro- prefix
artra-
(biology, medicine) articulation = joint (as for example in arthroplasty#Noun).

arthropathy arthropathies n
artrapaite
(pathology) Any of several diseases of a joint

artichoke /ˈɑɹ.tɪˌtʃoʊk/ /ˈɑː.tɪˌtʃəʊk/ artichokes n
bliosán
A plant related to the thistle with enlarged flower heads eaten as a vegetable while immature, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus.

article /ˈɑɹtəkl̩/ /ˈɑɹtɪkəl/ /ˈɑːtɪkəl/ [ˈɑ(ː)ɹɾɨkɫ̩] [ˈɑːtʰɪkʰəɫ] articles n
airteagal alt
A piece of nonfiction writing such as a story, report, opinion piece, or entry in a newspaper, magazine, journal, encyclopedia, etc.
A section of a legal document, bylaws, etc. or, in the plural, the entire document seen as a collection of these.
airteagal ball earra
An object, a member of a group or class.
alt airteagal
(grammar) A part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun (a, an, or the in English). In some languages the article may appear as an ending (e.g. definite article in Swedish) or there may be none (e.g. Russian, Pashto).

article of faith articles of faith n
airteagal creidimh
A thing that is believed as a matter of faith.

articulate /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɪk.jʊ.leɪt/ /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/ v
fuaimnigh
(ambitransitive) To speak clearly; to enunciate.

articulated adj
altach
Constructed with one or more pivoted joints which allow bending of an otherwise rigid structure.
Of a vehicle, composed of component parts each with its own wheels and chassis, e.g. an articulated lorry, articulated bus, or certain kinds of streetcars and trains.

articulated bus articulated buses n
bus altach
A bus fitted with a joint, which is covered by an accordion-shaped weatherproofing, to increase its manoeuvrability.

articulation /ɑɹˌtɪk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ɑːˌtɪk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ articulations n
urlabhairt urlabhraíocht
(uncountable) The quality, clarity or sharpness of speech.

artifact /ˈɑɹtɪfækt/ /ˈɑːtɪfækt/ [-ɾə-] [-ɾɪ-] artifacts n
déantán déantúsán
An object made or shaped by human hand or labor.

artificial /ˌɑː(ɹ).təˈfɪʃ.əl/ [ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl] more artificial most artificial adj
saorga tacar
Man-made; made by humans; of artifice.

artificial intelligence artificial intelligences n
intleacht shaorga
Intelligence exhibited by an artificial (non-natural, man-made) entity.

artificial respiration artificial respirations n
análú tarrthála athmhúscailt anála riospráid shaorga
(medicine) The manual or mechanical forcing of air into the lungs of a person who is not breathing in order to maintain life.

artillery /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/ /ɑːˈtɪləɹi/ artilleries n
airtléire
An army unit that uses such weapons, or a military formation using projectile weapons, such as archers.

artilleryman artillerymen n
fear airtléire saighdiúir airtléire
(military) A soldier enlisted in an artillery unit or who uses artillery.

artisan /ˈɑɹtɪsən/ /ˈɑɹtɪzən/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)tɪzæn/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)tɪzən/ artisans n
ceardaí
A skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft.

artist /ˈɑɹ.tɪst/ /ˈɑːtɪst/ [ˈɑɹ.ɾɪst] artists n
ealaíontóir
A person who creates art as an occupation.
A person who creates art.
ceardaí máistir
(often, in combination) A person who is skilled at some activity.

artistry /ˈɑː(ɹ)tɪstɹi/ artistries n
ealaíontacht
Significant artistic skill.

artless /ˈɑɹt.lɪs/ more artless most artless adj
soineanta
Having or displaying no guile, cunning, or deceit.

artlessness artlessnesses n
ionracas nádúrthacht
the state or quality of being artless

arts and crafts n
ealaíona agus ceardaíocht
All the handicrafts based upon making decorative and useful things manually.

arugula /əˈɹuɡələ/ /əˈɹʊɡələ/ arugulas n
ruachán
One of three yellowish-flowered Mediterranean herbs of the mustard family with flavoured leaves, often eaten in salads. Has a distinct, peppery flavor:

aryl aryls n
airil
(organic chemistry) Any univalent organic radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removing a hydrogen atom.

arête /əˈɹeɪt/ /əˈɹɛt/ arêtes n
airéit
(geology) A very thin ridge of rock.

as /æz/ /əz/ adv
chomh
To such an extent or degree; to the same extent or degree.

as /æz/ /əz/ conjunction
chomh
In the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that.

as /ˈæs/ ases asses n
chomh
(numismatics) Any of several coins of Rome, coined in bronze or later copper; or the equivalent value.

as /æz/ /əz/ preposition
chomh
Introducing a basis of comparison, with an object in the objective case.

as a matter of fact
déanta na fírinne
(adverbial) Actually, in fact.

as a result
dá bharr sin
(conjunctive) Consequently; thus; therefore; hence.

as a rule adv
de ghnáth
(idiomatic) In general; most often.

as far as preposition
chomh fada is
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see as,‎ far,‎ as.

as for preposition
maidir le
Regarding; about; concerning.

as long as conjunction
chomh fada is
(idiomatic) Provided that, if, assuming (depending upon some condition or requirement).
(idiomatic) While, Since

as one man adv
gualainn ar ghualainn

as opposed to preposition
murab ionann is seachas
in contrast to, rather than, instead of; particularly used in defining a concept by providing an example that does not fall inside the concept.

as soon as conjunction
chomh luath agus
At the moment when; immediately after.

as soon as possible adv
an túisce is féidir chomh luath agus is féidir
As soon as is possible; at one's earliest convenience; at the earliest possible time.

as the crow flies adv
i bhfoirm líne díreach trasna tíre
(idiomatic) In a straight line distance between two locations, as opposed to the road distance or over land distance.

as the saying goes phraseologicalUnit
mar a deir an seanfhocal
Used before or after saying an apt proverb, adage, cliché etc.

as though /əzˈðəʊ/ conjunction
amhail is ar nós dá ar nós mar
As to suggest the idea that; as if, as would be true if.

as well /æzwɛl/ /æzˈwɛl/ /əzˈwɛl/ [æˑzˈwɛːɫ] adv
chomh maith fosta freisin leis
(idiomatic) In addition; also.

asbestos /æsˈbɛs.tɒs/ /æsˈbɛs.təs/ /æzˈbɛs.təs/ asbesti asbestoses n
aispeist aispeiste
(mineral) Any of several fibrous mineral forms of magnesium silicate, used for fireproofing, electrical insulation, building materials, brake linings, chemical filters, suits, fireman's gloves, etc.

ascend /əˈsɛnd/ v
ardaigh tóg
(intransitive) To move upward, to fly, to soar.
ardaigh
(intransitive) To slope in an upward direction.

ascendancy /əˈsɛndənsi/ ascendancies n
cinseal
The quality of being in the ascendant; dominant control, supremacy.

ascendant /əˈsɛnd(ə)nt/ /əˈsɛndənt/ more ascendant most ascendant adj
ardaitheach
Moving upward; ascending, rising.

ascendant /əˈsɛnd(ə)nt/ /əˈsɛndənt/ ascendants n
uachtar
(astrology, also, figurative) The degree of the zodiac or point of the ecliptic which rises in an eastern direction above the horizon at a particular moment (especially the moment of a person's birth), which is supposed to have a commanding influence on a person's fortune and life; a horoscope.

ascender ascenders n
éiritheach
(typography, graphology) The portion of a lowercase letter that extends above the midline.

ascetic /əˈsɛ.tɪk/ more ascetic most ascetic adj
aiséitiúil
Of or relating to ascetics

ascetic /əˈsɛ.tɪk/ ascetics n
aiséiteach
One who is devoted to the practice of self-denial, either through seclusion or stringent abstinence.

ascocarp ascocarps n
ascacarp
(mycology) The sporocarp of an ascomycete, typically bowl-shaped.

ascomycete ascomycetes n
ascaimícéit
(mycology) Any fungus of the phylum Ascomycota, characterized by the production of a sac, or ascus, which contains non-motile spores.

ascospore ascospores n
ascaspór
(biology) A sexually produced spore from the ascus of an Ascomycetes fungus

ascus asci n
ascas
(mycology) A sac-shaped cell present in ascomycete fungi; it is a reproductive cell in which meiosis and an additional cell division produce eight spores.

aseity /əˈ siːɪti/ aseities n
aseidade
(metaphysics, theology) Usually ascribed to deity: the attribute of being entirely self-derived, in contrast to being derived from or dependent on another; the quality of having within oneself the entire reason for one's being; utter independent self-existence and self-sustenance.

aseptic /əˈsɛptɪk/ adj
aiseipteach
Free of disease-causing microbes.

ash /æʃ/ ashes n
luaith luaithreach luaithreamhán
The solid remains of a fire.

ash blond adj
fionnbhán
(of hair or a person) Greyish blonde.

ash tree ash trees n
fuinseog
A tree of the genus Fraxinus, with compound leaves and a tough, flexible wood.

ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/ more ashamed most ashamed adj
is náir leat náire a bheith ort náirithe
Feeling shame or guilt.

ashen /ˈæʃ.ən/ more ashen most ashen adj
fuinseach
Made from the wood of the ash-tree.

ashlar /ˈæʃlə/ /ˈæʃlɚ/ ashlars n
eisléireacht
(architecture) Masonry employing flat and well-squared stone or brick, creating an appearance similar to wooden flooring.
eisléir
(military, historical) A stone intended for hurling via a catapult or similar device.

ashore /əˈʃo(ː)ɹ/ /əˈʃoə/ /əˈʃɔɹ/ /əˈʃɔː/ adv
istír
(nautical) On the land as opposed to onboard.
i dtír
(nautical) On, or towards the shore.

ashtray /ˈæʃ.tɹeɪ/ ashtrays n
luaithreadán
A receptacle for ash and butts from cigarettes and cigars.

aside /əˈsaɪd/ asides n
idiraisnéis
An incidental remark to a person next to one made discreetly but not in private, audible only to that person. (theatre) A brief comment by a character addressing the audience, unheard by other characters.

ask /eəsk/ /ˈask/ /ˈæks/ /ˈæsk/ /ˈɑːks/ /ˈɑːsk/ v
ceistigh fiafraigh iarr pléigh fiosraigh
(transitive, intransitive) To request (information, or an answer to a question).

ask after v
tuairisc duine a chur
(idiomatic) To enquire about the health or progress (of someone).

asleep /əˈsliːp/ adj
codladh
In a state of sleep; also, broadly, resting.

asp /æsp/ asps n
asp foiléasán

asparagus /əˈspæɹ.ə.ɡəs/ /əˈspɛɹ.ə.ɡəs/ asparagi asparagus asparaguses asparagusses n
lus súch asparagas lus spreagtha lus súgach
The young shoots of Asparagus officinalis eaten as a vegetable.

aspect /ˈæspɛkt/ aspects n
dreach
(grammar) A grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding. [from 19th c.]

aspen /ˈæspən/ aspens n
crann creathach
A poplar tree, especially of section Populus sect. Populus, of medium-size trees with thin, straight trunks of a greenish-white color.

aspergillum /ˌæspəɹˈd͡ʒɪləm/ aspergilla aspergillums n
aisréad
(Christianity) An implement, in the form of a brush, or of a rod with a perforated container, for sprinkling holy water; a holy water sprinkler.

asperity /əˈspɛɹɪti/ /əˈspɛɹɪɾi/ asperities n
gairge
The quality of being harsh or severe in the way one speaks or behaves toward people.

asphalt /ˈæsfælt/ /ˈæsfɑlt/ /ˈæsfɔlt/ /ˈæsfɔːlt/ /ˈæsfəlt/ /ˈæʃfælt/ /ˈæʃfɑlt/ /ˈæʃfɔlt/ /ˈæʃfɔːlt/ /ˈæʃfəlt/ /ˈæʃfɛlt/ asphalts n
asfalt
A sticky, black to brown and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid, composed almost entirely of bitumen with small mineral particles, that is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits.
Ellipsis of asphalt concrete, a hard ground covering used for roads and walkways.

asphalt /ˈæsfælt/ /ˈæsfɑlt/ /ˈæsfɔlt/ /ˈæsfɔːlt/ /ˈæsfəlt/ /ˈæʃfælt/ /ˈæʃfɑlt/ /ˈæʃfɔlt/ /ˈæʃfɔːlt/ /ˈæʃfəlt/ /ˈæʃfɛlt/ v
asfalt a chur ar
(transitive) To pave with asphalt.

asphodel /ˈæsfədɛl/ asphodels n
lus caisil
Any of the flowering plants of the family Asphodelaceae, especially Asphodelus ramosus and Asphodelus albus; the flower of these plants.

asphyxia asphyxias n
plúchadh
Loss of consciousness due to the body's inability to deliver oxygen to its tissues, either by the breathing of air lacking oxygen or by the inability of the blood to carry oxygen.
(medicine, obsolete) A condition in which an extreme decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the body leads to loss of consciousness or death. Replaced in the mid-20th century by the more specific terms anoxia, hypoxia, hypoxemia and hypercapnia.

asphyxiate /əsˈfɪksieɪt/ v
plúch
(transitive) To smother or suffocate someone.

asphyxiation /æsfɪksiˈeɪʃən/ asphyxiations n
plúchadh
An acute lack of oxygen.

aspirate /ˈæs.pə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈæs.pə.ɹɪt/ /ˈæs.pəɹ.eɪt/ /ˈæs.pəɹ.ət/ /ˈæs.pɪ.ɹeɪt/ /ˈæs.pɪ.ɹət/ v
asúigh
(transitive) To remove a liquid or gas by means of suction.
análaigh
(ambitransitive, linguistics) To produce an audible puff of breath, especially following a consonant, such as the letter "h" at the beginning of house or hat in standard English.

aspirate mutation /ˈæs.pɪ.rət mjuˈteɪ.ʃən/ aspirate mutations n
análaithe
An alteration of the initial consonant of a word which occurs in certain Celtic languages under particular linguistic circumstances.

aspirated more aspirated most aspirated adj
análach
(phonetics) Pronounced with an audible breath, a brief expulsion of air at the end of the sound.

aspiration /ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/ aspirations n
ardaidhm ardmhian barrmhian
The act of aspiring or ardently desiring; an ardent wish or desire, chiefly after what is elevated or spiritual (with common adjunct adpositions being to and of).
análú
(phonetics) A burst of air that follows the release of some consonants.

aspirator aspirators n
asúire
A pump which draws gas through a liquid.
A pump for removing gases or liquids.

ass /æs/ asses n
asal
Any of several species of horse-like animals, especially Equus asinus, the domesticated of which are used as beasts of burden.
tóin
(vulgar, slang, countable, and, uncountable) The buttocks.

assassin /əˈsæsɪn/ assassins n
feallmharfóir
Someone who intentionally kills a person, especially a professional who kills a public or political figure.

assassinate /əˈsæs(ə)nˌeɪt/ /əˈsæsɪneɪt/ v
feallmharaigh
To murder someone, especially an important person, by a sudden or obscure attack, especially for ideological or political reasons. [from 17th c.]
(figuratively) To harm, ruin, or defame severely or destroy by treachery, slander, libel, or obscure attack.

assay /əˈseɪ/ /ˈæseɪ/ assays n
measúnú
Trial, attempt.
measúnacht
The act or process of ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or silver in bullion or coin.

assay /əˈseɪ/ /ˈæseɪ/ v
measúnaigh
(transitive) To analyze or estimate the composition or value of (a metal, ore etc.). [from 15th c.]

assemble /əˈsɛmbl̩/ v
cruinnigh
(transitive) To put together.
tiomsaigh
(ambitransitive) To gather as a group.

assembly /əˈsɛmb.li/ /əˈsɛmb.lɪ/ assemblies n
tiomsú
The act or process of putting together a set of pieces, fragments, or elements.
comhthionól cóisir oireacht tionól
A congregation of people in one place for a purpose.
tionól
(politics) A legislative body.

assembly language assembly languages n
teanga dhíolama
(computer languages) A programming language in which the source code of programs is composed of mnemonic instructions, each of which corresponds directly to a machine instruction for a particular processor.

assertive /əˈsɝtɪv/ more assertive most assertive adj
forránach
Boldly self-assured; confident without being aggressive.

assess /əˈses/ /əˈsɛs/ v
measúnaigh
(transitive) To determine, estimate or judge the value of; to evaluate

assessment assessments n
measúnú
measúnacht
An appraisal or evaluation.

assessor /əˈsɛsɚ/ assessors n
measúnóir

asset management n
bainistíocht sócmhainní
(business) The process of managing, monitoring and maintaining the value of a commercial entity.

asshole /ˈæsˌhoʊl/ assholes n
clasán poll tóna
(vulgar) The anus.
clasán gléas
(vulgar, pejorative, synecdochically) A jerk; an inappropriately or objectionably mean, inconsiderate, contemptible, obnoxious, intrusive, stupid, or rude person.

assimilation /əˌsɪməˈleɪʃən/ assimilations n
comhshamhlú
(phonology) A sound change process by which the phonetics of a speech segment becomes more like that of another segment in a word (or at a word boundary), so that a change of phoneme occurs.

assistance /əˈsɪs.təns/ assistances n
cabhair cuidiú cúnamh
Aid; help; the act or result of assisting.

assistant /əˈsɪstənt/ assistants n
cúntóir
A person who assists or helps someone else.

association /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/ /əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/ /əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃən/ /əˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃən/ associations n
comhthiomsú
(uncountable) The act of associating.
comhchaidreamh
(countable) The state of being associated; a connection to or an affiliation with something.
cumann compántas
A group of persons associated for a common purpose; an organization; society.

associative /əˈsoʊ.si.ə.tɪv/ /əˈsoʊ.ʃi.ə.tɪv/ more associative most associative adj
coheshaghtagh
comhthiomsaitheach
(algebra, of a binary operator *) Such that, for any operands a, b and c, (a * b) * c = a * (b * c); (of a ring, etc.) whose multiplication operation is associative.

associativity associativities n
comhthiomsaitheacht
(algebra) The condition of being associative.

assonance /ˈæsənəns/ /ˈɛsɘnɘns/ assonances n
amas
(prosody) The repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds (though with different consonants), usually in literature or poetry.

assort /əˈsɔɹt/ /əˈsɔːt/ v
rangaigh
(transitive) To sort or arrange according to characteristic or class.

assumed name assumed names n
ainm bréige
An alias, especially one adopted in order to deceive

assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/ assumptions n
foshuíomh
The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; a supposition; an unwarrantable claim.
The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition assumed; a supposition.
(logic) The minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism.
Deastógáil
A festival in honor of the ascent of the Virgin Mary into heaven, celebrated on 15 August.

assurance /əˈʃɔːɹəns/ /əˈʃɝəns/ /əˈʃʊəɹəns/ /əˈʃʊɹəns/ assurances n
urrúsacht
The state of being assured; total confidence or trust; a lack of doubt; certainty.

astatine /ˈastətiːn/ /ˈæstəˌtin/ astatines n
astaitín
A highly radioactive chemical element (symbol At), one of the halogens, with atomic number 85.

aster /ˈæstɚ/ asters n
astar
Any of several plants of the genus Aster; one of its flowers.

asterisk /ˈæst(ə)ˌɹɪks/ /ˈæstəɹɪsk/ /ˈæstəˌɹɪsk/ /ˈæstɹɪsk/ asterisks n
réalta
Something resembling or shaped like an asterisk symbol.

asterism /ˈæs.təˌɹɪz.əm/ asterisms n
astaireacht réaltlach
(constellation) An unofficial constellation (small group of stars that forms a visible pattern).
astaireacht
(mineralogy) A star-shaped figure exhibited by some crystals by reflected light (as in a star sapphire) or by transmitted light (as in some mica).

asteroid /ˈæst(ə)ɹɔɪd/ asteroids n
astaróideach mionphláinéad
(astronomy) A naturally occurring solid object, which is smaller than a planet and a dwarf planet, larger than a meteoroid and not a comet, that orbits a star and often has an irregular shape.

asteroidal more asteroidal most asteroidal adj
astaróideach
Of or pertaining to an asteroid

asthenosphere /asˈθɛnə(ʊ)sfɪə/ asthenospheres n
astanaisféar
(geology) The zone of the Earth's upper mantle, below the lithosphere.

asthma /ˈasmə/ /ˈasθmə/ /ˈaθsmə/ /ˈæst.mə/ /ˈæzmə/ /ˈæzðmə/ /ˈæðzmə/ asthmas asthmata n
asma múchadh plúchadh
(pathology) A long-term respiratory condition, in which the airways may unexpectedly and suddenly narrow, often in response to an allergen, cold air, exercise, or emotional stress. Symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

asthma attack asthma attacks n
taom asma
(medicine) An incident wherein a person who suffers intermittent experiences of bronchioconstriction undergoes such an experience, usually with a sudden onset.

asthmatic /æsˈmætɪk/ /æsˈθmætɪk/ /æzˈmætɪk/ more asthmatic most asthmatic adj
asmach
Having the characteristics of asthma, as in an "asthmatic cough".

astigmatic more astigmatic most astigmatic adj
aistiogmatach
(medicine) Suffering from astigmatism.

astigmatism /əˈstɪɡmətɪzm̩/ astigmatisms n
aistiogmatacht
(optics) A defect of a lens such that light rays coming from a point do not meet at a focal point so that the image is blurred.
(pathology) A disorder of the vision, usually due to a misshapen cornea, such that light does not focus correctly on the retina causing a blurred image.

astonishing /əˈstɑnɪʃɪŋ/ /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/ more astonishing most astonishing adj
uafásach
Causing astonishment.

astonishment /əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt/ /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/ astonishments n
uafás
The feeling or experience of being astonished; great surprise.

astray /əˈstɹeɪ/ adv
ar seachrán
In a wrong or unknown and wrongly-motivated direction.

astride /əˈstɹaɪd/ adv
gabhalscartha
With one’s legs on either side.

astrobiology n
réalt-bhitheolaíocht
(sciences) The study of life anywhere in the universe, including Earth.

astrobleme /ˈæs.tɹoʊ.blim/ /ˈæs.tɹəʊ.bliːm/ astroblemes n
astraibléim
(geology) A pit-like structure created by an impacting meteoroid, asteroid or comet.

astrogeology n
réaltgheolaíocht
(astronomy, geology) The science dealing with the structure and composition of planets and other bodies in the solar system.

astrologer /əˈstɹɒl.ə.d͡ʒɚ/ astrologers astrologess n
astralaí
One who studies or practices astrology.

astrological /ˌæstɹəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ more astrological most astrological adj
astralaíoch
Of, or relating to astrology.

astrological sign astrological signs n
comhartha an Stoidiaca
(astrology) Any of twelve signs, corresponding to constellations, that are used as the basis of astrology

astrology /əˈstɹɒlədʒi/ astrologies n
astralaíocht
Divination about human affairs or natural phenomena from the relative positions of celestial bodies. [from 14th c.]

astrometry /əˈstɹɒmətɹi/ astrometries n
réaltmhéadracht
(astronomy) The branch of astronomy that deals with the measurement of the positions and motions of celestial bodies, particularly stars.

astronaut /ˈæstɹəˌnɑt/ /ˈæstɹəˌnɔt/ /ˈæstɹəˌnɔːt/ astronauts n
spásaire
A member of the crew of a spaceship or other spacecraft that travels beyond Earth's atmosphere, or someone trained to serve that purpose.

astronomer /əˈstɹɑn.ə.mɚ/ /əˈstɹɒn.ə.mə/ astronomers n
réalteolaí
One who studies astronomy, the stars or the physical universe; a scientist whose area of research is astronomy or astrophysics

astronomical unit astronomical units n
aonad réalteolaíoch
(astronomy) 149,597,870,700 metres, the approximate mean distance from the Earth to the Sun (the semi-major axis of Earth's orbit), (symbol AU), used to measure distances in the solar system.

astronomy /æsˈtɹɑn.ə.mi/ /əˈstɹɑn.ə.mi/ astronomies n
réalteolaíocht
The study of the physical universe beyond the Earth's atmosphere, including the process of mapping locations and properties of the matter and radiation in the universe.

astrophysics /ˌæs.tɹoʊˈfɪz.ɪks/ /ˌæs.tɹəˈfɪz.ɪks/ n
réaltfhisic
The branch of astronomy or physics that deals with the physical properties of celestial bodies and with the interaction between matter and radiation in celestial bodies and in the space between them.

astute /əsˈtjuːt/ astuter astutest adj
amhainseach amhnas
Quickly and critically discerning.

astuteness astutenesses n
amhainse
The quality of being astute.

asylum /əˈsaɪləm/ asyla asylums n
tearmann
A place of safety or refuge.
gealtlann
(dated) A place of protection or restraint for one or more classes of the disadvantaged, especially the mentally ill.

asymmetry /eɪˈsɪmɪtɹi/ asymmetries n
aisiméadracht neamhshiméadracht
Absence of symmetry or proportion between the parts of a thing, or a distinction that produces such a lack of symmetry.

at /æt/ /ət/ preposition
ag
In, near, or in the general vicinity of a particular place.
In the direction of (often implied to be in a hostile or careless manner).
Occupied in (activity).
ag ar
(indicating time) Indicating occurrence in an instant of time or a period of time relatively short in context or from the speaker’s perspective.
Denotes a price.
Indicates a position on a scale or in a series.

at all [ætˈoːɫ] [æˈɾɑ̈ɫ] [æˈɾɔɫ] [əˈtʰoːɫ] [əˈɾoːɫ] [əˈɾɑ̈ɫ] [əˈɾɔɫ] adv
ar bith ar chor ar bith
(idiom) Indicating degree, quantity or frequency greater than zero: to the slightest degree, in any way, at any time or in any circumstance.

at all costs
cóir máireach
As an absolute imperative; sparing no effort or expense

at death's door
ar deireadh
(idiomatic) About to die; in a life-threatening state of health.

at first
ar dtús i dtosach
(idiomatic) Initially; at the start.

at home
sa bhaile
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see at,‎ home. In one's place of residence.

at last
faoi dheireadh
(idiomatic) After a long time; eventually.
faoi dheireadh i ndeireadh na dála
(idiomatic) In the end; finally; ultimately.

at least
ar a laghad
(focus) At a minimum or lower limit.
ar aon nós
In any event; anyway.

at length
i ndeireadh na dála
(formal, _, or, _, dated) At last, finally, eventually.

at most
ar a mhéad
At the most; at a maximum or upper limit.

at present
adrásta faoi láthair
currently, now, at the moment, at this moment in time, at the present time

at stake
i ngeall
(idiomatic) At issue, at risk.

at the end of the day
i ndeireadh na dála
(idiomatic) In summary; ultimately.

at the moment
faoi láthair
At this moment; right now.

at the same time
ag an am céanna san am céanna
Simultaneously.
san am céanna
On the other hand (introducing an opposing viewpoint).

at the very least adv
ar a laghad ar bith
(idiom) at least; as an absolute minimum; emphatic form of at the least.

at times
scaití
(idiomatic) On occasion, sometimes.

at your service
faoi do réir
(formal) Used as a polite introduction on first meeting another person.

ataraxia /ætəˈɹæksiə/ ataraxias n
ataraicse ataráisce
(literary, Greek, _, philosophy) Tranquility of mind; absence of mental disturbance.

ataxia /eɪˈtæksɪə/ /əˈtæksɪə/ ataxias n
ataicse neamhluail
(physical chemistry, organic chemistry) The condition of a polymer in which the orientation of the subunits is random

atheism /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪ.zəm/ atheisms n
aindiachas
(broadly) A lack of belief in deities, or a belief that there is insufficient evidence to believe in a god.

atheist /ˈeɪθiɪst/ atheists n
aindiachaí
(broadly) A person who doubts the existence of deities (therefore, an agnostic may be considered an atheist).
(narrowly) A person who is certain that no deities exist or who thinks that the existence of deities can be disproven.

atheistic more atheistic most atheistic adj
aindiach
of or relating to atheists or atheism

atherosclerotic adj
aitéiriscléaróiseach
Of, pertaining to, or afflicted with atherosclerosis

athlete /ˈæθ.lit/ /ˈæθ.liːt/ /ˈæθ.ə.liːt/ athletes n
lúthchleasaí
A participant in a group of sporting activities which includes track and field, road running, cross country running and racewalking.
(US, Canada) A person who actively participates in physical sports, especially with great skill; a sportsperson.

athletics /æθˈlɛtɪks/ n
cleasa lúith lúthchleas
(sports, especially Britain) A group of sporting activities including track and field, road running, cross country and racewalking.
lúthchleas
(sports, especially US) Physical activities such as sports and games requiring stamina, fitness and skill.

atlas /ˈætləs/ /ˈætlɪs/ atlantes atlases n
atlas
A bound collection of maps often including tables, illustrations or other text.
(anatomy) The uppermost vertebra of the cervical spine in the neck in humans and some other animals.

atmosphere /ˈæt.məsˌfɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ atmospheres n
atmaisféar aerbhrat
The gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body.

atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/ more atmospheric most atmospheric adj
atmaisféarach
Of, relating to, produced by, or coming from the atmosphere.

atmospheric pressure atmospheric pressures n
brú an atmaisféir brú atmaisféarach
(physics, meteorology) The pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere above an area.

atoll /əˈtɑl/ /əˈtɒl/ /ˈeɪtɑl/ /ˈeɪtɔl/ /ˈætoʊl/ /ˈætɑl/ /ˈætɒl/ /ˈætɔl/ atolls n
atall
A type of island consisting of a ribbon reef that nearly or entirely surrounds a lagoon and supports, in most cases, one to many islets on the reef platform.

atom /ˈætəm/ [ˈæɾm̩] [ˈæɾəm] atoms n
adamh
(chemistry, physics) The smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. [from 16th c.]
(history of science) A hypothetical particle posited by Greek philosophers as an ultimate and indivisible component of matter. [from 15th c.]
(now generally regarded, _, figuratively) The smallest, indivisible constituent part or unit of something. [from 17th c.]

atomic /əˈtɑː.mɪk/ /əˈtɒm.ɪk/ /əˈtɔm.ɪk/ adj
adamhach
(physics, chemistry) Of or relating to atoms; composed of atoms; monatomic.

atomic bomb atomic bombs n
buama adamhach
(countable, military) A nuclear weapon that obtains its destructive energy from nuclear fission.

atomic clock atomic clocks n
clog adamhach
An extremely accurate reference clock whose operation is based on an atomic process, typically the frequency of electromagnetic radiation associated with a specified energy-level transition in an element such as cesium.

atomic mass atomic masses n
mais adamhach
(proscribed) atomic weight; the average mass of atoms of an element.

atomic mass unit atomic mass units n
aonad maise adamhaí
(physical chemistry) A unit of mass equal to 1/12 the mass of an atom of 12C (carbon-12, an isotope of carbon).

atomic number atomic numbers n
uimhir adamhach
(physics, chemistry) The number of protons in an atom. Symbol: Z

atomic physics n
fisic adamhach
(physics, atomic) The branch of physics that studies the internal structure of atomic nuclei.

atomic weight atomic weights n
meáchan adamhach
(physics) Former term for the more specific relative atomic mass.

atomicity /ˌætəˈmɪsɪti/ [-ɾi] [-ɾə-] atomicities n
adamhacht
(historical) Synonym of valence (“the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.”)

atomism atomisms n
adamhachas
(philosophy) The ancient Greek theory that all matter is composed of very small indestructible and indivisible particles.

atomize /ˈætəmaɪz/ v
adamhaigh
(transitive) To make into a fine spray.

atonal /eɪˈtoʊnəl/ /eɪˈtəʊnəl/ more atonal most atonal adj
atonúil
(music) Lacking a tonal center or key.

atonality atonalities n
atonúlacht neamhthonúlacht
(uncountable, music) A style of music that is written without a key.

atrium /ˈeɪ.tɹi.əm/ atria atriums n
aitriam
(biology) Any enclosed body cavity or chamber.

atrocity /əˈtɹɒsɪti/ atrocities n
ainghníomh gníomh uafásach
(countable) An extremely cruel act; a horrid act of injustice.

attaboy /ˈætəˌbɔɪ/ interjection
maith mo ghasúr é
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to show encouragement or approval to a boy, man, or male animal.

attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ v
ceangail greamaigh
(transitive) To fasten, to join to (literally and figuratively).

attachment /əˈtæt͡ʃmənt/ attachments n
ceangaltán
(computing) A file sent along with a message, usually an email.
astú
(legal) Taking a person's property to satisfy a court-ordered debt.

attack /əˈtæk/ attacks n
ionsaí aimsiú amas
An attempt to cause damage, injury to, or death of opponent or enemy.
ionsaí
A time in which one attacks; the offence of a battle.
ruaig taom
(medicine) The sudden onset of a disease or condition.
ruaig
An active episode of a chronic or recurrent disease.

attack /əˈtæk/ v
ionsaigh
(transitive) To apply violent force to someone or something.
(soccer) To move forward in an active attempt to score a point, as opposed to trying not to concede.

attacker /əˈtækɚ/ attackers n
ionsaitheoir
Someone who attacks.
(soccer) One of the players on a team in football (soccer) in the row nearest to the opposing team's goal, who are therefore principally responsible for scoring goals.

attain /əˈteɪn/ v
ionsaigh sroich
(transitive) To reach or come to, by progression or motion; to arrive at (a place, time, state, etc.).

attar /ˈæt.ɑːɹ/ /ˈæt.ə/ /ˈæt.ɚ/ attars n
atar
An essential oil extracted from flowers.

attempt /əˈtɛmpt/ attempts n
ionsaí iarracht
The action of trying at something. [1530]

attempt /əˈtɛmpt/ v
ionsaigh
(archaic) To attack; to make an effort or attack upon; to try to take by force.

attend /əˈtɛnd/ [əˈtʰɛnd] v
freastail
(transitive) To be present at (an event or place) in order to take part in some action or proceedings; also, to regularly go to (an event or place). [from 17th c.]

attendance /əˈtɛn.dəns/ attendances n
freastal
The act of attending; the state of being present; presence.

attendant /əˈtɛndənt/ attendants n
eachlach
A servant or valet.

attention /əˈtɛn.ʃən/ attentions n
aoidh
(uncountable) Mental focus.

attentive /əˈtɛntɪv/ more attentive most attentive adj
aireach
Paying attention; noticing, watching, listening, or attending closely.

attenuation attenuations n
caolú
A gradual diminishing of strength.
(physics) A reduction in the level of some property with distance, especially the amplitude of a wave or the strength of a signal.

attested /əˈtɛstɪd/ more attested most attested adj
dearfa
Proven; shown to be true with evidence.

attic /ˈætɪk/ [ˈæɾɪk] attics n
áiléar
The space, often unfinished and with sloped walls, directly below the roof in the uppermost part of a house or other building, generally used for storage or habitation.

attire /əˈtaɪɚ/ attires n
gabháil
(clothing) One's dress; what one wears; one's clothes.

attitude /ˈætɪˌtjuːd/ /ˈætɪˌtud/ /ˈɛːtɪtˌjuːd/ /ˌatɪˈt͡ʃud/ [ˈæɾɪˌtud] attitudes n
mana
(figurative) Disposition or state of mind.

atto- prefix
ata-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−18 (short scale quintillionth or long scale trillionth). Symbol: a

attorney /əˈtɜː(ɹ)ni/ attorneys attornies n
aturnae
(US) A lawyer; one who advises or represents others in legal matters as a profession.

attorney general attorney generals attorneys general n
Ard-Aighne
A major government officer throughout the English-speaking world, generally responsible for interpreting the law for the head of government and executive department and functioning as chief prosecutor, with the ability to bring civil and criminal actions directly.

attract /əˈtɹækt/ v
aom atarraing imtharraing tarraing

attraction /əˈtɹækʃən/ [əˈtɹækʃ(ɪ̈)n] [əˈt͡ʃɹækʃ(ɪ̈)n] attractions n
caithis
imtharraingt
The tendency to attract.

attractive /əˈtɹæktɪv/ more attractive most attractive adj
caithiseach
Having the power of charming or alluring by agreeable qualities; enticing.
Pleasing or appealing to the senses, especially of a potential romantic partner.

attribute /əˈtɹɪb.(j)ət/ /əˈtɹɪb.juːt/ /əˈtɹɪbˌjut/ /ˈæt.ɹɪ.bjuːt/ /ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/ attributes n
aitreabúid dílseacht
A characteristic or quality of a thing.
aitreabúid
(logic) That which is predicated or affirmed of a subject; a predicate; an accident.

attribution /ˌæ.tɹɪˈbju.ʃən/ attributions n
aitreabúideacht
The act of attributing something.

attribution theory attribution theories n
teoiric na haitreabúideachta
Any theory attempting to explain the process by which individuals explain the causes of behaviour and events.

attributive /ə.ˈtɹɪ.bju.tɪv/ more attributive most attributive adj
aitreabúideach cáilíochta
Attributing; characterized by attributing; effecting attribution.

attributive adjective attributive adjectives n
aidiacht cháilíochta
(grammar) An adjective that modifies the head of the noun phrase in which it occurs; an adjective that precedes the word or phrase it modifies.

attrition /əˈtɹɪʃən/ attritions n
doilíos
(theology) Imperfect contrition or remorse.

auction /ˈɑkʃən/ /ˈɔkʃən/ /ˈɔːkʃən/ auctions n
ceant ceantáil
A public event where goods or property are sold to the highest bidder.

auction /ˈɑkʃən/ /ˈɔkʃən/ /ˈɔːkʃən/ v
ceantáil cuir ar ceant cuir ceant ar
To sell at an auction.

audacious /ɔˈdeɪʃəs/ /ɔːˈdeɪʃəs/ more audacious most audacious adj
neamhnáireach
Showing willingness to take bold risks; recklessly daring.

audible /ˈɔːdɪbəl/ more audible most audible adj
inchloiste inchluinte
Able to be heard.

audibly more audibly most audibly adv
os ard
In context of possibility of being heard; in an audible manner.

audio /ˈɑ.di.oʊ/ /ˈɔ.di.oʊ/ /ˈɔː.di.əʊ/ more audio most audio adj
fuaim
Focused on audible sound, as opposed to sight.

audio cassette audio cassettes n
closchaiséad
A cassette designed to hold recorded sound or music.

audio frequency audio frequencies n
closmhinicíocht
A frequency or range of frequencies of sound waves that are audible.

audiobook audiobooks n
closleabhar
A recording, usually made available for sale, of a reading of the full text or of an abridgement of a book.

audiogram audiograms n
closghram
A graphical representation of the hearing ability of a person

audiolingual adj
closlabhartha
Of or relating to a behaviorist style of teaching foreign languages, based on drills and repetition.

audiologist audiologists n
cluaslia
A healthcare professional who diagnoses, treats and/or manages hearing and balance disorders.

audiology /ɔːdiˈɒləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɔdiˈɑlədʒi/ audiologies n
éisteolaíocht
An allied health profession pertaining to the assessment and rehabilitation of hearing and balance disorders.

audiometer audiometers n
closmhéadar
An instrument which is used to determine the acuity of hearing.

audiometry audiometries n
closmhéadracht
(medicine) The quantitative assessment of a person's hearing ability, especially by means of an audiometer.

auditor /ˈɔːdɪtɚ/ auditors auditress n
reachtaire
One who audits bookkeeping accounts.

auditorium /ɔː.dɪˈtɔː.ɹi.əm/ /ˌɔ.dəˈtoɹ.i.əm/ auditoria auditoriums n
halla éisteachta
a large room for public meetings or performances

augur /ˈɑ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔː.ɡə/ augurs n
ágar
A diviner who foretells events by the behaviour of birds or other animals, or by signs derived from celestial phenomena, or unusual occurrences.

auk /ɔːk/ auks n
falcóg
Any of several species of Arctic sea birds of the family Alcidae.

aunt /ant/ /eɪnt/ /ænt/ /ɑːnt/ /ɔnt/ /ʌnt/ [ant] [aːnt] [eənt] [änt] [äːnt] [ænt] [ɐːnt] [ɑːnt] [ɒːnt] [ɛənt] aunts n
aintín
The sister or sister-in-law of one’s parent.

aural /aʊɹəl/ /ˈoɹəl/ /ˈɑ(ː)ɹəl/ /ˈɔɹəl/ /ˈɔːɹəl/ more aural most aural adj
clos- cluas- éisteachta
cluasach
Of or pertaining to the ear.

auriferous /oɹˈɪfəɹəs/ /ɑɹˈɪfəɹəs/ /ɔːˈɹɪfəɹəs/ more auriferous most auriferous adj
órtháirgeach
Containing or producing gold; gold-bearing.

aurist aurists n
cluaslia
(medicine, dated) One skilled in treating and curing disorders of the ear.

aurochs /ˈaʊɹɒks/ /ˈɔːɹɒks/ aurochs aurochsen aurochses n
áracs
An extinct European mammal, Bos primigenius, the ancestor of domestic cattle.

aurora /ɔˈɹɔɹ.ə/ /ɔːˈɹɔː.ɹə/ /əˈɹɔɹ.ə/ /əˈɹɔː.ɹə/ aurorae auroras n
gealán
An atmospheric phenomenon created by charged particles from the sun striking the upper atmosphere, creating coloured lights in the sky. It is usually named australis or borealis based on whether it is in the Southern or Northern Hemisphere respectively.

auscultation /ˌɔskəlˈteɪʃən/ /ˌɔːskəlˈteɪʃən/ auscultations n
cliabhéisteacht éisteachas
(medicine) Diagnosis of disorders by listening to the sounds of the internal organs, usually using a stethoscope.

auspicious /ɑˈspɪʃ.əs/ /ɔˈspɪʃ.əs/ /ɔːˈspɪ.ʃəs/ more auspicious most auspicious adj
dea-thuarúil
Of good omen; indicating future success.

austerity /ɔˈstɛɹɪti/ austerities n
déine
Severity of manners or life; extreme rigor or strictness; harsh discipline.

autarchy /-tɑː-/ /ˈɔˌtɑɹki/ /ˈɔːtəki/ autarchies n
átarcacht
A condition of absolute power.

autarky /-tɑː-/ /ˈɔˌtɑɹki/ /ˈɔːtəki/ autarkies n
neamhthuilleamaíocht eacnamaíochta
(uncountable) (A policy of) national economic self-sufficiency, aimed at ending reliance on foreign imports to sustain a domestic economy.

autecology autecologies n
uathéiceolaíocht
one of two broad subdivisions of ecology, which studies the individual organism or species.

authentic /ɑ.ˈθɛn.tɪk/ /ɒ.ˈθɛn.tɪk/ /ɔ.ˈθɛn.tɪk/ more authentic most authentic adj
barántúil

authenticity /ɑθənˈtɪsɪti/ /ɑθɛnˈtɪsɪti/ [ɑθənˈtɪsɪɾi] [ɑθɛnˈtɪsɪɾi] authenticities n
barántúlacht fíordheimhneacht údaracht
The quality of being genuine or not corrupted from the original, of having the same origin (or attribution, commitment, intention, etc.) as claimed.

author /ˈɑ.θɚ/ /ˈɒː.təɹ/ /ˈɔ.θɚ/ /ˈɔː.θə/ authors n
údar
The originator or creator of a work, especially of a literary composition; or, one of the creators of a collaborative work.

authoress /ˈɔ.θɚ.ɹɛs/ /ˈɔː.θə.ɹɛs/ authoresses n
banúdar
(dated) A female author.

authority /ɒːˈtɒɹɪti/ /ɔːˈθɒɹəti/ /ɔːˈθɒɹɪti/ /əˈθɑɹəti/ /əˈθɔɹəti/ authorities n
údarás urlámhas
(uncountable) Power or right to make or enforce rules or give orders; or a position having such power or right.
údarás
(countable) A reliable, definitive source of information on a subject.
(countable) A government-owned agency that runs a revenue-generating activity for public benefit.

autism /ˈɑtɪzəm/ /ˈɔːtɪzəm/ autisms n
uathachas
(clinical psychology) A pervasive neurological condition that is observable in early childhood and persists throughout the lifespan, characterised by atypical communication, language development, eye contact, and sensory experiences.
(clinical psychology, obsolete) A diagnosis involving a pathological tendency to engage in self-centered fantasy thinking, historically considered a symptom of insanity and/or schizophrenia.

autistic /ɔːˈtɪs.tɪk/ more autistic most autistic adj
uathach
Having autism, or pertaining to autism.

autobiographer autobiographers n
dírbheathaisnéisí
One who writes his or her own life or biography.

autobiographical /ˌɑtoʊˌbaɪəˈɡɹæfəkəl/ /ˌɔː.təˌbaɪ.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk.əl/ more autobiographical most autobiographical adj
dírbheathaisnéiseach
Of or relating to a person's life or an account of a person's life, as told by the subject.

autobiography /ˌɔː.tə.baɪˈɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ autobiographies n
dírbheathaisnéis
(countable) A self-written biography; the story of one's own life.

autochthonous /ɑˈtɑkθənəs/ /ɔˈtɑkθənəs/ /ɔːˈtɒkθənəs/ adj
uatheascarthach
Native to the place where found; indigenous.
díleasach uatheascarthach
(biology, medicine) Originating where found; found where it originates.

autocracy /ɔːˈtɒkɹəsi/ autocracies n
uathlathas
(uncountable) A form of government in which unlimited power is held by a single individual.

autocrat /ˈɔːtəkɹæt/ autocrats n
uathlathaí
An absolute ruler with infinite power.

autocratic more autocratic most autocratic adj
uathlathach
Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute; holding independent and arbitrary powers of government.
(pejorative) Of or pertaining to the manner of an autocrat.

autoerotism autoerotisms n
féin-earótachas
Sexual activity involving oneself, including masturbation.

autoimmune /ˌɔːtəʊɪˈmjuːn/ adj
uath-imdhíonachta
(pathology, immunology) Of or pertaining to autoimmunity.

automated teller machine /ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd ˈtɛlə(ɹ) məˈʃiːn/ automated teller machines n
meaisín bainc uathmheaisín bainc
(banking) A device that provides bank customers with cash withdrawal and other services without the need for a human teller.

automobile /ˈɑː.tə.məˈbil/ /ˈɑː.tə.məˌbil/ /ˈɑː.təˈmoʊ.bil/ /ˈɔː.tə.məˌbil/ /ˈɔː.tə.məˌbiːl/ /ˌɔː.tə.məˈbil/ /ˌɔː.təˈmoʊ.bil/ automobiles n
carr gluaisteán mótar
(US, Canada, Philippines, AU, NZ) A type of motor vehicle designed to move on the ground under its own stored power and intended to carry a driver, a small number of additional passengers, and a very limited amount of other load. A car or motorcar.

automorphism automorphisms n
uathmhorfacht
(algebra) An isomorphism of a mathematical object or system of objects onto itself.

autonomous /ɑˈtɑnəməs/ /ɔˈtɑnəməs/ /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ more autonomous most autonomous adj
féinrialaitheach neamhspleách
Self-governing. Intelligent, sentient, self-aware, thinking, feeling, governing independently.
féinriartha neamhspleách
Acting on one's own or independently; of a child, acting without being governed by parental or guardian rules.
saor
(Celtic linguistics, of a verb form) Used with no subject, indicating an unknown or unspecified agent; used in similar situations as the passive in English (the difference being that the theme in the English passive construction is the subject, while in the Celtic autonomous construction the theme is the object and there is no subject).

autonomy /ɑˈtɑ.nə.mi/ /ɔˈtɑ.nə.mi/ /ɔːˈtɒn.ə.mi/ autonomies n
féinriail
(government, countable) A self-governing country or region.

autotroph /ˈɔɾəˌtɹoʊf/ /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)tɹəʊf/ autotrophs n
uatrófach
(ecology) Any organism that can synthesize its food from inorganic substances, using heat or light as a source of energy.

autotrophic adj
uatrófach

autumn /ˈɑtəm/ /ˈɔtəm/ /ˈɔːtəm/ [ˈɑɾm̩] [ˈɑɾɪ̈m] [ˈɔɾm̩] [ˈɔɾɪ̈m] autumns n
fómhar
Traditionally the third of the four seasons, when deciduous trees lose their leaves; typically regarded as being from September 24 to December 22 in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, and the months of March, April and May in the Southern Hemisphere.
(fashion) A person with relatively dark hair and a warm skin tone, seen as best suited to certain colours in clothing.

autumnal /ɔˈtʌmnəɫ/ /ɔːˈtʌmnəl/ more autumnal most autumnal adj
fómharach
Of or relating to autumn.

autumnal equinox autumnal equinoxes n
Túsphointe Libra cónocht an fhómhair
(astronomy) The moment when the sun appears to cross the celestial equator while tilting away from the observer, taking place in September in the northern hemisphere and March in the southern hemisphere.

auxiliary /ɑɡˈzɪl(j)(ə)ɹi/ /ɑɡˈzɪliɛɹi/ /ɔɡˈzɪl(j)(ə)ɹi/ /ɔɡˈzɪliɛɹi/ /ɔːkˈsɪl(j)əɹi/ /ɔːkˈsɪli.əɹi/ /ɔːɡˈzɪl(j)əɹi/ /ɔːɡˈzɪli.əɹi/ adj
cúntach
Helping; giving assistance or support.

auxiliary verb /ɔːɡˈzɪljəɹi ˈvɜː(ɹ)b/ auxiliary verbs n
briathar cúnta
(grammar) A verb that accompanies the main verb in a clause in order to make distinctions in tense, mood, voice or aspect.

available /əˈveɪləb(ə)l/ more available most available adj
ar fáil infhaighte le fáil
Such as one may avail oneself of; capable of being used for the accomplishment of a purpose.
Readily obtainable.

avalanche /ˈævəlæn(t)ʃ/ /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/ avalanches n
maidhm shléibhe maidhm shneachta
A large mass or body of snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling down a precipice.

avarice /ˈævəɹəs/ /ˈævəɹɪs/ /ˈævɹəs/ avarices n
cíocras gabhálacht saint
Excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greed for wealth

avaricious /ˌævəˈɹɪʃəs/ more avaricious most avaricious adj
gabhálach maoinchíocrach
Actuated by avarice; extremely greedy for wealth or material gain; immoderately desirous of accumulating property.

avenge /əˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ v
díoltas a imirt ar éiric a bhaint amach i/de
(transitive) To take vengeance (for); to exact satisfaction for by punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a wrongdoer.

avenger /əˈvɛndʒə(ɹ)/ avengers n
agróir díoltasaí

avenue /ˈæv.əˌn(j)u/ /ˈæv.əˌnjuː/ avenues n
aibhinne
The principal walk or approach to a house which is withdrawn from the road, especially, such approach bordered on each side by trees; any broad passageway thus bordered.
deis
A method or means by which something may be accomplished.

average /ˈæv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ more average most average adj
coitianta gnách meán- meánach
(not comparable) Constituting or relating to the average.

aversion /əˈvɜːʃən/ /əˈvɝʒən/ aversions n
drogall
Opposition or repugnance of mind; fixed dislike often without any conscious reasoning.

avian influenza n
fliú na n-éan fliú éanúil
(pathology) Any strain of influenza carried by and primarily affecting birds.

aviary /ˈeɪviˌɛəɹi/ /ˈeɪvɪəɹi/ aviaries n
éanlann
A house, enclosure, large cage, or other place for keeping birds confined; a birdhouse. [from 16th c.]

aviation /ˌeɪ.viˈeɪ.ʃən/ aviations n
eitlíocht
The art or science of making and flying aircraft.

aviator aviators aviatress aviatrix n
eitleoir
An aircraft pilot, especially a military pilot. The use of the word may imply claims of superior airmanship, as in navy aviator vs. air force pilot.

avocado /ævəˈkɑdoʊ/ /ævəˈkɑːdəʊ/ /ɑvəˈkɑdoʊ/ [ævəˈkɑɾoʊ] [ɑvəˈkɑɾoʊ] avocadoes avocados n
abhacád piorra abhcóide crann abhacád
The large, usually yellowish-green or black, savory fruit of the avocado tree.
abhacád crann abhacád
The avocado tree, Persea americana, of the laurel family.
abhacád dath an abhacáid
(mostly, uncountable) A dark chartreuse colour, like the colour of the skin of an avocado.

avocet /ˈævəsɛt/ avocets n
abhóiséad
Any of four species of wading birds in the genus Recurvirostra, of the family Recurvirostridae, with long, slender recurved bills, long legs, and webbed feet. It is the logo of the RSPB (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds)

avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ v
seachain
to keep away from; to keep clear of; to stay away from

avuncular /əˈvʌŋkjʊlə/ /əˈvʌŋkjʊlɚ/ more avuncular most avuncular adj
muinteartha
(by extension) Kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant.

awake /əˈweɪk/ /əˈweːk/ [əˈweːk] [əˈwɛːk] adj
i do dhúiseacht
Not asleep; conscious.

awake /əˈweɪk/ /əˈweːk/ [əˈweːk] [əˈwɛːk] v
dúisigh
(intransitive) To become conscious after having slept.
(transitive) To cause (somebody) to stop sleeping.
(transitive) To excite or to stir up something latent.

award /əˈwɔɹd/ /əˈwɔːd/ awards n
gradam
A trophy or medal; something that denotes an accomplishment, especially in a competition. A prize or honor based on merit.

aware /əˈweːɹ/ /əˈwɛə/ /əˈwɛɚ/ awarer awarest more aware most aware adj
eolach
Conscious or having knowledge of something.

away /əˈweɪ/ adv
ar shiúl
At a stated distance in time or space.
ar fad
On; in continuance; without intermission or delay.

away with the fairies /əˈweɪ wɪð ðə ˈfɛəɹɪːz/ adj
le na mná sí
(idiomatic) Synonym of lost in thought; distracted or daydreaming.

awful /ˈɑfəl/ /ˈɔfəl/ /ˈɔːfəl/ /ˈɔːfʊl/ awfuller awfullest more awful most awful adj
uafásach
(dated) Causing fear or horror; appalling, terrible.

awhile /əˈwaɪl/ /əˈʍaɪl/ adv
ar feadh píosa ar feadh tamaill go fóill
For some time; for a short time.

awkward /ˈoːkwəd/ /ˈɑkwɚd/ /ˈɔkwɚd/ /ˈɔːkwəd/ awkwarder awkwardest more awkward most awkward adj
ciotrúnta crúbach
Lacking dexterity in the use of the hands, or of instruments.
anásta
Not easily managed or effected; embarrassing.

awkwardness awkwardnesses n
ainnise amlógacht amlóireacht liopastacht
The state or quality of being awkward; clumsiness; unskillfulness.

awl /ɑl/ /ɔl/ /ɔːl/ awls n
meana
A pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or wood; used by shoemakers, saddlers, cabinetmakers, etc. The blade is differently shaped and pointed for different uses, as in the brad awl, saddler's awl, shoemaker's awl, etc.

awn /ɔːn/ awns n
colg
The bristle or beard of barley, oats, grasses, etc., or any similar bristlelike appendage; arista.

awning /ˈɑnɪŋ/ /ˈɔnɪŋ/ /ˈɔːnɪŋ/ awnings n
díonbhrat scáthbhrat
A rooflike cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind.
canbhás
(nautical) That part of the poop deck which is continued forward beyond the bulkhead of the cabin.

ax to grind axes to grind n
tochrais ar do cheirtlín féin
(American spelling) A proposition or point of view to advocate, especially motivated by self-interest.

axe /æks/ axes n
tua
A tool for felling trees or chopping wood etc. consisting of a heavy head flattened to a blade on one side, and a handle attached to it.
An ancient weapon consisting of a head that has one or two blades and a long handle.

axial /ˈæk.si.əl/ /ˈæk.sɪ.əl/ more axial most axial adj
aiseach
(anatomy) Belonging to the axis of the body, or to the axis of any appendage or organ
(botany) In the same direction as the axis, parallel to the axis.

axil /ˈæk.səl/ /ˈæk.sɪl/ axils n
ascaill
(botany) The angle or point of divergence between the upper side of a branch, leaf, or petiole, and the stem or branch from which it springs.

axiom /ˈak.sɪ.əm/ /ˈæk.si.əm/ /ˈæk.ʃəm/ axiomata axioms n
aicsím
(philosophy) A seemingly self-evident or necessary truth which is based on assumption; a principle or proposition which cannot actually be proved or disproved.
(logic, mathematics, proof theory) A fundamental assumption that serves as a basis for deduction of theorems; a postulate (sometimes distinguished from postulates as being universally applicable, whereas postulates are particular to a certain science or context).
An established principle in some artistic practice or science that is universally received.

axiomatic /ˌæk.si.əˈmæt.ɪk/ more axiomatic most axiomatic adj
aicsímeach aicsímiteach soiléirseach
(mathematics) Relating to or containing axioms. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

axle /ˈæksəl/ axles n
acastóir aiseal
The pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel.
crann fearsaide fearsaid
A transverse bar or shaft connecting the opposite wheels of a car or carriage; an axletree.

axletree axletrees n
fearsaid
A bar or beam of wood or iron, connecting the opposite wheels of a carriage, on the ends of which the wheels revolve.

axolotl /ˈak.səˌlɒ.təl/ /ˈæk.səˌlɑ.təl/ axolotls axolots n
acsalatal
A critically endangered salamander found in the elevated lakes of Mexico, Ambystoma mexicanum.

axon /ˈæksɒn/ axons n
acsón néarshnáithín
(cytology) A nerve fibre which is a long slender projection of a nerve cell, and which conducts nerve impulses away from the body of the cell to a synapse.

axonal adj
acsónach
(cytology) Of or pertaining to an axon.

aye /aɪ/ interjection
aidhe
yes; yea; a word expressing assent, or an affirmative answer to a question.

aye-aye /ˈaɪˌaɪ/ aye-ayes n
aidhe-aidhe
The lemur Daubentonia madagascariensis, a solitary nocturnal quadruped found in Madagascar and remarkable for its long fingers, sharp nails, and rodent-like incisor teeth.

azalea /əˈzeɪliə/ azaleas n
asáilia
A plant of the obsolete genus Azalea.

azarole azaroles n
sceach gheal asaróil
Any of species Crataegus azarolus of shrubs of southern Europe, related to hawthorn.

azeotrope azeotropes n
aiseotróp
(physics) A mixture of two or more substances whose liquid and gaseous forms have the same composition (at a certain pressure); the substances cannot be separated by normal distillation.

azeotropic more azeotropic most azeotropic adj
aiseotrópach

azimuth /ˈæzɪməθ/ azimuths n
asamat
An arc of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the place and a vertical circle passing through the center of any object.

azimuthal /ˌæzəˈmuːθəl/ /ˌæzəˈmʌθəl/ adj
asamatach
Of or pertaining to the azimuth; in a horizontal circle.
(cartography) Describing a map projection which preserves direction for all points relative to a selected point (or in some cases two points).

azo dye azo dyes n
asóruaim
(organic compound) Any of a large number of mostly yellow to red synthetic dyes that contain an azo or diimide (-N=N-) functional group.

azo- /eɪ.zə(ʊ)/ /æz.oʊ/ /æz.ə/ prefix
asó-

azoic adj
asóch
(dated) Destitute of any vestige of organic life, or at least of animal life.

azure /&zwj;ˈæzjʊə(ɹ)/ /əˈz(j)ʊə(ɹ)/ /əˈzjʊə/ /əˈzjʊɹ/ /əˈzʊɹ/ /əˈʒʊə(ɹ)/ /əˈʒʊɹ/ /ˈeɪ-/ /ˈeɪʒ.ə/ /ˈæz.jʊə/ /ˈæz.jʊɹ/ /ˈæʒ.ə/ /ˈæʒ.ɚ/ /ˈæʒjʊə(ɹ)/ /ˈæʒjʊə/ /ˈæʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈæʒʊə(ɹ)/ adj
gorm
Sky blue; resembling the clear blue colour of the unclouded sky.

babbler [ˈbæb(ə)lə(ɹ)] babblers n
cabaire
Someone who babbles.

babe /beɪb/ babes n
bean bhreá fear breá spéirbhean staic áille
(slang) An attractive person, especially a young woman. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

babirusa babirusas n
babarúsa
Any of several mammals in the genus Babyrousa in the pig family Suidae, in which the upper tusk grows upward.

baboon /bəˈbuːn/ /ˌbæˈbuːn/ baboons n
babún
An Old World monkey of the genus Papio, having dog-like muzzles and large canine teeth, cheek pouches, a short tail, and naked callosities on the buttocks. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
(colloquial, derogatory) A foolish or boorish person.

baby /ˈbeɪbi/ babies n
leanbh babaí báb bábán gineog leanbán
A very young human, particularly from birth to a couple of years old or until walking is fully mastered.
A very young human, even if not yet born.

baby bottle baby bottles n
buidéal buidéal linbh
A bottle equipped with a teat, used for bottlefeeding infants.

baby grand piano baby grand pianos n
mion-mhórphianó mórphianó beag
A small grand piano.

babysitter /ˈbeɪbiˌsɪtɚ/ babysitters n
feighlí páistí
A person who cares for one or more babies or children for a short period of time in place of their legal guardians.

bachelor /ˈbæt͡ʃ.lɚ/ /ˈbæt͡ʃ.ə.lə(ɹ)/ /ˈbæt͡ʃ.ə.lɚ/ bachelors n
baitsiléir
(obsolete) An unmarried woman.

bachelorette party bachelorette parties n
cóisir na mbáb
(US, Canada) A party held for a woman who is about to be married.

back /bæk/ [-k̚] [-ˀk] [bak] [bax] [bæk] more back most back adj
iar- sean-
Not current.
cúl-
Situated away from the main or most frequented areas.
cúil cúl- deiridh
(comparable, phonetics) Pronounced with the highest part of the body of the tongue toward the back of the mouth, near the soft palate (most often describing a vowel).

back /bæk/ [-k̚] [-ˀk] [bak] [bax] [bæk] further back furthest back adv
ar ais
(not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place.
siar
Away from the front or from an edge.
In a manner that impedes.

back /bæk/ [-k̚] [-ˀk] [bak] [bax] [bæk] backs n
droim cúl
The rear of the body, especially the part between the neck and the end of the spine and opposite the chest and belly.
cúl
That which is farthest away from the front.
cúlaí taca
(sports) In some team sports, a position behind most players on the team.
droim
The reverse side; the side that is not normally seen.

back /bæk/ [-k̚] [-ˀk] [bak] [bax] [bæk] v
tacaigh le
(transitive) To support.
cúlaigh
(nautical, of the wind) To change direction contrary to the normal pattern; that is, to shift anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere, or clockwise in the southern hemisphere.

back garden back gardens n
gairdín cúil garraí cúil
A garden at the rear of a property.

back of beyond n
iargúil iargúltacht
(chiefly, British, Irish, and, Australian, informal, with "the"; usually with "in", sometimes "at" or "to") A very remote place.

back row back rows n
líne chúil
(rugby) The row of players in a scrum, consisting of two flankers and a number eight.

back seat back seats n
suíochán deiridh
Any of the seats in the rear of a vehicle.

back street back streets n
cúlsráid
A usually small and narrow street or alley, especially one in inferior or poorer parts of a city, away from the centre.

back to front adj
droim ar ais
Reversed, with the back now at the front.

back wall back walls n
cúlbhalla
(squash, racquetball) The wall at the back of a racquetball or squash court, directly opposite the front wall.

backbiting backbitings n
fodhord
The action of slandering a person without that person's knowledge.

backboard backboards n
cúlchlár
(basketball) The flat vertical surface to which the basket is attached.

backbone /ˈbækˌboʊn/ /ˈbækˌbəʊn/ backbones n
cnámh droma slat droma
The series of vertebrae, separated by disks, that encloses and protects the spinal cord, and runs down the middle of the back in vertebrate animals.

background /ˈbæk.ɡɹaʊnd/ /ˈbækɹaʊnd/ backgrounds n
cúlra
One's social heritage, or previous life; what one did in the past.

backlash /ˈbækˌlæʃ/ backlashes n
ligean
(mechanics) The looseness through which one part of connected machinery, such as a wheel, gear, piston, or screw, can be moved without moving the connected parts, or a measurement of the distance moved thereby; either intentional (as allowance) or unintentional (from error or wear).Wagon wheel structure showing felk

backpack /ˈbæk.pæk/ backpacks n
mála droma
A knapsack, sometimes mounted on a light frame, but always supported by straps, worn on a person’s back for the purpose of carrying things, especially when hiking, or on a student's back when carrying books.

backpack /ˈbæk.pæk/ v
taistil le mála droma
(intransitive) To hike and camp overnight in backcountry with one's gear carried in a backpack.
iompair i mála droma
(transitive, rare) To place or carry (an item or items) in a backpack.

backpressure backpressures n
frithbhrú
(fluid dynamics) Pressure that is opposed to the flow of a fluid.

backstitch backstitches n
cúlghreim fuáil chúil fuáil thar droim greim cúil
(sewing) A type of sewing stitch where the stitch goes backwards on the top side of the fabric and doubles forward on the bottom, coming out farther in front, then repeats. The backstitch is a very tight and secure stitch, and also looks very neat.

backstop backstops n
cúlstop
A default arrangement that holds if all else fails.

backtalk /bæk.tɔk/ /bæk.tɔːk/ n
aibéil chainte gearr-aighneas gearrchaint seanchaint
(US) Verbal impudence or argumentative discourse, given in response.

backward /ˈbæk.wə(ɹ)d/ /ˈbækwɚd/ more backward most backward adj
fágtha
Situated toward or at the rear of something.
(chess) Of a pawn, further behind than pawns of the same colour on adjacent files and unable to be moved forward safely.
ar gcúl siar
Acting or moving in the direction opposite to the usual direction of movement.
ar gcúl cúlánta
(figuratively) Of a culture, country, practice etc., undeveloped or unsophisticated.

backward /ˈbæk.wə(ɹ)d/ /ˈbækwɚd/ more backward most backward adv
ar gcúl
In a direction opposite to the usual direction of movement.

backwater v
cúlaigh
To row or paddle a backwater stroke.

bacon /ˈbeɪ.kən/ bacons n
bagún muiceoil shaillte
Cured meat from the sides, belly, or back of a pig.

bacterial [bækˈtɪəɹiəɫ] adj
baictéarach
(microbiology) Of, relating to, or caused by bacteria.

bactericidal adj
baictéiricídeach
That kills bacteria.

bactericide /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪˌsaɪd/ bactericides n
baictéiricíd
Any substance that kills bacteria, especially one that is otherwise harmless.

bacteriologist /bækˌtɪəɹiˈɒlədʒɪst/ bacteriologists n
baictéareolaí
A microbiologist whose speciality is bacteriology.

bacteriology /bækˌtɪəɹ.ɪˈɒləd͡ʒi/ bacteriologies n
baictéareolaíocht
(biology, microbiology) The scientific study of bacteria, especially in relation to disease and agriculture.

bacteriophage /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəʊˌfeɪd͡ʒ/ bacteriophages n
baictéarafagach
(microbiology, virology) A virus that specifically infects bacteria.

bad /baːd/ /bæd/ /bæːd/ /bɛd/ /bɛəd/ badder baddest more bad most bad worse worst adj
dona olc droch-
Unfavorable; negative; not good.
droch-
Not appropriate, of manners etc.
Faulty; not functional.
droch- olc
(sometimes, childish) Evil; wicked.
dona droch- olc
(of a, need, want, or pain) Severe, urgent.

bad faith n
feall
(legal) Intent to deceive or mislead another to gain some advantage; dishonesty or fraud in a transaction (such as knowingly misrepresenting the quality of something that is being bought or sold).

bad language n
droch-chaint drochtheanga
Profanity.

bad manners n
drochbhéasa drochmhúineadh dímhúineadh
The treatment of other people in an impolite or discourteous way, or incorrect behaviour in public.

bad-tempered more bad-tempered most bad-tempered worse-tempered worst-tempered adj
anglánta confach stuacach
Of or pertaining to bad temper; showing anger easily or customarily.

badger /ˈbæd͡ʒə/ /ˈbæd͡ʒɚ/ badgers n
broc
Any mammal of three subfamilies, which belong to the family Mustelidae: Melinae (Eurasian badgers), Mellivorinae (ratel or honey badger), and Taxideinae (American badger).

badlands /ˈbæd.lændz/ badlands n
drochthailte
(geomorphology) An arid terrain characterized by severe erosion of sedimentary rocks.

badness /ˈbæd.nəs/ badnesses n
ainnise donacht olcas
The quality or degree of being bad.

baffle /ˈbæf(ə)l/ /ˈbæfl̩/ baffles n
sciath sciathchlár
A device used to dampen, muffle, restrain, or otherwise control the movement of a fluid, or waves travelling through a fluid such as light or sound; specifically, a surface positioned inside an open area to inhibit direct motion from one place to another without preventing motion altogether.

bag /ˈbeɪɡ/ /ˈbæɡ/ /ˈbæːɡ/ /ˈbɛɡ/ bags n
cailleach
(derogatory) An ugly woman.
mála
(countable, uncountable) In certain phrases: money.

bagasse /bəˈɡæs/ bagasses n
bagás
The residue from processing sugar cane after the juice is extracted.

bagful [ˈbæɡfʊɫ] bagfuls bagsful n
lán mála
An amount; the contents of one full bag.

baggage claim baggage claims n
bailiú bagáiste
(US) The designated location for receiving checked luggage, such as the baggage carousels at an airport.

bagpipes /ˈbæɡ.pɑɪps/ n
píb mhála píb
A musical wind instrument possessing a flexible bag inflated by bellows, a double-reed melody pipe and up to four drone pipes; any aerophone that produces sound using air from a reservoir to vibrate enclosed reeds.

baiji /ˈbaɪd͡ʒi/ baiji baijis n
deilf na hIaing-tsí
A freshwater dolphin (†Lipotes vexillifer), only found in the Yangtze River. Declared functionally extinct in 2006.

bail /beɪ(ə)l/ bails n
bannaí
(uncountable) Security, usually a sum of money, exchanged for the release of an arrested person as a guarantee of that person's appearance for trial.

bail /beɪ(ə)l/ v
taosc
(nautical, transitive, intransitive) To remove (water) from a boat by scooping it out.
(nautical, transitive) To remove water from (a boat) by scooping it out.
To set free; to deliver; to release.

bail out v
taosc
(transitive, nautical) To remove water from a boat by scooping it out.

bailey /ˈbeɪli/ baileys n
bábhún
The outer wall of a feudal castle.

bailiff /ˈbeɪlɪf/ bailiffs n
báille
(US) Any law enforcement officer charged with courtroom security and order.
báille maor
(historical, Norman term) A reeve, (specifically) the chief officer executing the decisions of any English court in the period following the Norman Conquest or executing the decisions of lower courts in the late medieval and early modern period.

baize /beɪz/ baizes n
baise baiséadach
A thick, soft, usually woolen cloth resembling felt; often colored green and used for coverings on card tables, billiard and snooker tables, etc.

bake /beɪk/ v
bácáil
(transitive, or, intransitive, or, ditransitive, with person as subject) To cook (something) in an oven (for someone).
(intransitive, with baked thing as subject) To be cooked in an oven.

baked /beɪkt/ more baked most baked adj
bácáilte
That has been cooked by baking.

baked Alaska /beɪkt əˈlaskə/ /ˌbeɪkt əˈlæskə/ baked Alaskas n
Alasca bácáilte
A dessert consisting of ice cream encased in cake and meringue and briefly baked. [from 19th c.]

baked potato baked potatoes n
práta bácáilte
A potato that has been baked for eating.

bakehouse /ˈbeɪkhaʊs/ bakehouses n
bácús
A building or an apartment used for the preparing and baking of bread and other baked goods.

baker /ˈbeɪ.kə(ɹ)/ /ˈbeɪ.kɚ/ bakers n
báicéir
A person who bakes and sells bread, cakes and similar items.

baker's dozen /ˌbeɪkəz ˈdʌzən/ /ˌbeɪkəɹz ˈdʌzən/ [- ˈdʌzn̩] [ˌbeɪkɚz ˈdʌzn̩] baker's dozens bakers' dozens n
dosaen báicéara
(idiomatic) Thirteen; a group of thirteen. [from 1590s]

baking powder baking powders n
púdar bácála
A dry leavening agent used in baking; a mixture of baking soda, an acid (often cream of tartar) and starch to keep it dry; when wetted, carbon dioxide is released.

baking tray baking trays n
tráidire bácála
(cookware) An oven-proof metal tray used to hold foods in the oven.

baksheesh /bækˈʃiːʃ/ baksheeshes n
síneadh láimhe
In the Middle East or southwest Asia: a bribe or tip.

balaclava /ˌbæl.əˈklɑː.və/ /ˌbɑː.ləˈklɑː.və/ balaclavas n
balacláva
A type of warm headgear covering the neck, head, and often part of the face, with apertures left as necessary, often made out of wool.

balalaika /bæləˈlaɪkə/ balalaikas balalaiki n
balaláice
A plucked stringed instrument with a triangular body, short neck and three strings, of Russian origin.

balance /ˈbæləns/ balances n
fuílleach
(accounting) The result of such a procedure; the difference between credit and debit of an account.

balance wheel balance wheels n
luascroth
The timekeeping device normally used in mechanical watches and small clocks, consisting of a wheel which oscillates due to a coiled spring.

balcony /bælˈkəʊni/ /ˈbælkəni/ balconies n
balcóin
(architectural element) An accessible structure extending from a building, especially outside a window.
áiléar
An accessible structure overlooking a stage or the like.

bald /bɑld/ /bɔld/ /bɔːld/ /bəʊld/ [bɒʊld] [bɔːɫd] balder baldest adj
maol
Having no hair, fur or feathers.

bald eagle bald eagles n
iolar maol
Haliaeetus leucocephalus, a species of eagle native to North America and notable for the white plumage on its head.

bald-faced more bald-faced most bald-faced adj
dínáireach gan náire
(figurative) Shameless and undisguised.

ball /bɑl/ /bɔl/ /bɔːl/ balls n
ceirtlín cuach
A quantity of string, thread, etc., wound into a spherical shape.
liathróid
A solid or hollow sphere, or roughly spherical mass.
(printing, historical) A leather-covered cushion, fastened to a handle called a ballstock; formerly used by printers for inking the form, then superseded by the roller.
bál
A formal dance.
róidlianna
(mildly, vulgar, slang, usually, in the plural) A testicle.

ball lightning ball lightnings n
caorthintreach
A short-lived glowing ball sometimes observed to float in the air and thought to consist of ionized gas associated with thunderstorms.

ballad /ˈbæləd/ /ˈbælɪt/ ballads n
bailéad
A kind of narrative poem, adapted for recitation or singing; especially, a sentimental or romantic poem in short stanzas.

balladry /ˈbælədɹi/ balladries n
bailéadaíocht
ballads considered as a group; also, the sharing (transmission), making and performing of ballads, ballads as an activity, as a tradition, as a body of work, as a craft, as implying a community of singers, makers and lovers of ballads.

ballerina /ˌbæləɹˈiːnə/ ballerinas ballerine n
cailín bailé
(commonly) A female ballet dancer.
(less common, non-standard) A male ballet dancer; Synonym of ballerino

ballet /bælˈeɪ/ /bælˈæɪ/ /bɐleː/ /bɐlɪː/ /bɛlˈæɪ/ /ˈbal.eɪ/ /ˈbal.ɪ/ /ˈbæl(ˌ)eɪ/ ballets n
bailé
A classical form of dance.
A theatrical presentation of such dancing, usually with music, sometimes in the form of a story.

ballet dancer ballet dancers n
damhsóir bailé rinceoir bailé
A person who performs ballet.

ballet music n
ceol bailé
(music genre) Music composed primarily to accompany a ballet performance

ballgown /ˈbɔːl.ɡaʊn/ v
gúna damhsa
(intransitive, UK, live action, _, RPG) To roleplay romance as part of a roleplaying game.

ballistic /bəˈlɪs.tɪk/ more ballistic most ballistic adj
balaistíoch
(not comparable) Of or relating to ballistics.

ballistic missile ballistic missiles n
diúracán balaistíoch diúracán balaistíochta
(military, rocketry) A missile that is initially guided, but then follows a ballistic (freely falling) trajectory.

ballistics /bəˈlɪst.ɪks/ n
balaistíocht
(physics) The science of objects that predominantly fly under the effects of gravity, momentum and atmospheric drag, and dealing with details of their behaviour at the origin and destination of their flight, as of bullets or missiles or rockets.

balloon /bəˈlun/ /bəˈluːn/ balloons n
balún éadromán
An inflatable buoyant object, often (but not necessarily) round and flexible.
balún
Such an object designed to transport people or equipment through the air.

balloon /bəˈlun/ /bəˈluːn/ v
balún
(intransitive) To increase or expand rapidly.

ballot paper ballot papers n
páipéar ballóide páipéar guthaíochta
A voting form; the paper upon which a vote is cast during a ballot.

ballpoint pen ballpoint pens n
peann gránbhiorach badhró
A pen, similar in size and shape to a pencil, having an internal chamber filled with a viscous, quick-drying ink that is dispensed at the tip during use by the rolling action of a metal sphere (around 0.7 mm to 1 mm in diameter).

balmy /ˈbɑlmi/ /ˈbɑmi/ /ˈbɑː.mi/ /ˈbɔmi/ balmier balmiest adj
balsamach
Soothing or fragrant.
Of weather, mild and pleasant.

balsa /ˈbæl.sə/ /ˈbɑlsə/ /ˈbɔːl.sə/ balsas n
balsa
A large tree, Ochroma pyramidale, native to tropical America, with wood that is very light in weight.
(uncountable) The wood of this tree.

balsam /ˈbɔːlsəm/ balsams n
balsam
(chiefly, UK) A sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants.
(chiefly, UK) A soothing ointment.
balsaimín balsam
(chiefly, UK) A plant or tree yielding such substance.

balsamic vinegar balsamic vinegars n
fínéagar balsamach
A dark, sweet vinegar, made from reduced white wine, that has been matured in wooden barrels, the resins of which contribute to its flavour; especially such a vinegar from Modena in Italy.

baluster /ˈbæl.ʌ.stɹ/ balusters n
balastar
(architecture) A short column used in a group to support a rail, as commonly found on the side of a stairway; a banister. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

balustrade /ˈbæl.ə.stɹeɪd/ /ˌbæl.əˈstɹeɪd/ balustrades n
balastráid
A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.

bamboo /bæmˈbu/ /ˈbambu/ bamboos n
bambú
(uncountable) The wood of the bamboo plant as a material for building, furniture, etc.
(slang) A didgeridoo.

ban /bæn/ /bæːn/ [beən] [bɛən] v
coisc
(transitive) To prohibit; to interdict; to proscribe; to forbid or block from participation.

banana /bəˈnæ.nə/ /bəˈnɑː.nə/ bananas n
banana
An elongated curved tropical fruit of a banana plant, which grows in bunches and has a creamy flesh and a smooth skin.
crann bananaí
The tropical tree-like plant which bears clusters of bananas, a plant of the genus Musa (but sometimes also including plants from Ensete), which has large, elongated leaves.

banana peel banana peels n
craiceann banana
(Canadian, US, Philippines) The several outermost layers of a banana, especially once removed from the rest of the banana, which may be slippery if stepped on. (This sense is a translation hub.)

band /bænd/ [beənd] bands n
banda
A strip of material wrapped around things to hold them together.
A continuous tablet, stripe, or series of ornaments, as of carved foliage, of colour, or of brickwork.
(physics) A part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
banna cuire
A group of people loosely united for a common purpose (a band of thieves).
banna
(Canada) A group of aboriginals that has official recognition as an organized unit by the federal government of Canada.

band-aid /ˈbændeɪd/ band-aids n
greimlín plástar
(Australia, North America, Philippines) An adhesive bandage, a small piece of fabric or plastic that may be stuck to the skin in order to temporarily cover a small wound.

bandage /ˈbændɪd͡ʒ/ bandages n
bindealán
A strip of gauze or similar material used to protect or support a wound or injury.

banded /ˈbændɪd/ adj
bandach
Marked with bands of colour.

banded mongoose banded mongoose banded mongooses n
mongús bandach
A mongoose of the species Mungos mungo, commonly found in the central and eastern parts of Africa.

bandicoot /ˈbændiˌkut/ /ˈbændɪˌkuːt/ bandicoots n
bandacút
Any of various small Australian marsupials with distinctive long snouts, of the family Peramelidae (with the exception of genus Macrotis, called bilbies).

bandit /ˈbændɪt/ bandits banditti n
tóraí
One who robs others in a lawless area, especially as part of a group.
An outlaw.

bandoneon bandoneons n
bandaineon cairdín Airgintíneach
(musical instruments) A small Latin American accordion played with buttons which is frequently used in tango ensembles.

bane /beɪn/ banes n
urbhaidh
A cause of misery or death.

baneful more baneful most baneful adj
urbhadhach
Harmful, injurious.

bang /beɪŋ(ɡ)/ /bæŋ(ɡ)/ bangs n
plab pléasc
A sudden percussive noise.

bang /beɪŋ(ɡ)/ /bæŋ(ɡ)/ v
plab pléasc
(intransitive) To make sudden loud noises, and often repeatedly, especially by exploding or hitting something.

bangs /bæŋ(ɡ)z/ n
frainse glib
(chiefly, _, US, Philippines) Hair hanging over the forehead.

banish /ˈbænɪʃ/ v
ruaig
(heading) To send someone away and forbid that person from returning.
To expel, especially from the mind.

banister /ˈbænɪstɚ/ banisters n
banastar
The handrail on the side of a staircase.
One of the vertical supports of a handrail; a baluster.

banjo /ˈbæn.dʒəʊ/ /ˈbæn.d͡ʒoʊ/ banjoes banjos n
bainseo bainseó
A stringed musical instrument (chordophone), usually with a round body, a membrane-like soundboard and a fretted neck, played by plucking or strumming the strings.

banjoist banjoists n
bainseóí
One who plays a banjo.

bank /bæŋk/ [beɪŋk] banks n
bruach
(hydrology) An edge of river, lake, or other watercourse.
banc
(countable) A branch office of such an institution.
(gambling, countable) The sum of money etc. which the dealer or banker has as a fund from which to draw stakes and pay losses.
(countable, mostly, in combination) A safe and guaranteed place of storage for and retrieval of important items or goods.

bank account bank accounts n
cuntas bainc
A fund, held by a bank in a contractual arrangement between the bank and the owner of the fund, a customer of the bank, into which they can deposit and from which they can withdraw money.

bank holiday bank holidays n
féile bainc saorlá bainc
(UK, Ireland) A weekday, often a Monday, on which most businesses are closed, and granted to workers as a national holiday.

bank manager bank managers n
bainisteoir bainc
A banker in charge of a local branch of a bank.

bank robber bank robbers n
robálaí bainc
One who robs or steals from a bank.

bank statement bank statements n
ráiteas bainc
A communication from a bank to a person holding an account in that bank, usually issued monthly, detailing the value of the holdings in that account and the effects of all transactions occurring with respect to that account.

banker /ˈbæŋkə(ɹ)/ /ˈbæŋkɚ/ bankers n
baincéir
One who conducts the business of banking; one who, individually, or as a member of a company, keeps an establishment for the deposit or loan of money, or for traffic in money, bills of exchange, etc.
baincéir scríbín
The dealer in a casino, or one who keeps the bank in a banking game.

banknote /ˈbæŋknəʊt/ banknotes n
bille bille bainc nóta bainc
A piece of currency made of paper or polymer. [from 18th c.]

bankruptcy /ˈbæŋ.kɹap(t).si/ /ˈbæŋ.kɹʌp(t).si/ /ˈbæŋk.ɹʌp(t).si/ [ˈbɛːŋk.ɹʌp(t).si] bankruptcies n
féimheacht
(finance, law) A legally declared or recognized condition of insolvency of a person or organization.

banns /bænz/ n
bannaí fógraí fógraí pósta
The announcement of a forthcoming marriage (legally required for a church wedding in England and Wales and read on the three Sundays preceding the marriage).

banquet /ˈ bænkwɪt/ /ˈ bæŋkwɪt/ /ˈ bæŋkɪt/ banquets n
fleá cóisir
A large celebratory meal; a feast.

banshee /bænˈʃiː/ /ˈbænʃiː/ banshees n
bean sí
(Scotland, Ireland, , folklore) A female spirit, usually taking the form of a woman whose mournful wailing warns of an impending death.

bantam /ˈbæntəm/ bantams n
gearrchearc gearrchoileach
Any of several small chickens, especially of a breed that is a miniature version of another breed.

baptism /ˈbæptɪzəm/ baptisms n
baisteadh
A Christian sacrament, by which one is received into a church and sometimes given a name, generally involving the candidate to be anointed with or submerged in water.

baptismal font /bæpˈtɪzməl ˈfɑnt/ baptismal fonts n
umar baiste
(Christianity) A large basin used for baptism in or near a church.

baptismal name baptismal names n
ainm baiste
A name given at baptism (christening).

baptize /ˈbæptaɪz/ [bap.ˈtajz] [ˈbæp.tajz] v
baist
(Christianity) To perform the sacrament of baptism by sprinkling or pouring water over someone or immersing them in water.

bar /baː/ /bɑɹ/ /bɑː/ [bɑɹ] [bɑ˞] bars n
bar
A non-SI unit of pressure equal to 100,000 pascals, approximately equal to atmospheric pressure at sea level.
teach leanna teach tábhairne
(mathematics) The sign indicating that the characteristic of a logarithm is negative, conventionally placed above the digit(s) to show that it applies to the characteristic only and not to the mantissa.
(music) A vertical line across a musical staff dividing written music into sections, typically of equal durational value.
beár
The counter of such premises.
urchosc
An official order or pronouncement that prohibits some activity.

bar /baː/ /bɑɹ/ /bɑː/ [bɑɹ] [bɑ˞] barred v
bar beár coisc urchoisc urchosc
(transitive) To obstruct the passage of (someone or something).
coisc urchoisc
(transitive) To prohibit.
teach leanna teach tábhairne
To imprint or paint with bars, to stripe.

bar magnet bar magnets n
barramhaighnéad
A permanent magnet of rectangular shape.

bar-headed goose bar-headed geese n
gé ceannbharach
A species of goose (Anser indicus)

barbarian /bɑɹ.ˈbɛəɹ.i.ən/ /bɑː(ɹ).ˈbɛə.ɹi.ən/ barbarians n
barbarach
An uncivilized or uncultured person, originally compared to the hellenistic Greco-Roman civilisation; often associated with fighting or other such shows of strength.

barbaric /bɑː(ɹ)ˈbæɹɪk/ /bɑː(ɹ)ˈbɛɹɪk/ more barbaric most barbaric adj
ainchríostúil barbartha danartha
of or relating to a barbarian; uncivilized, uncultured or uncouth

barbarity /bɑː(ɹ)ˈbæɹɪti/ barbarities n
ainchríostúlacht barbarthacht danarthacht
(uncountable) The state of being barbarous; brutality

barbed wire /bɑɹbd waɪəɹ/ [ˈbɑɹbd ˈwa.jɚ] barbed wires n
sreang dhealgach sreang dheilgneach
Twisted strands of steel wire, often coated with zinc, having barbs evenly spaced along them; used to construct agricultural and military fences.

barbel /ˈbɑːbəl/ barbels n
sprochaille
(biology) Whisker-like sensory organs, located around the mouth of certain fish, including catfish, carp, goatfish, sturgeon, and some types of shark.

barber /ˈbɑɹ.bɚ/ /ˈbɑː.bə/ barbers n
bearbóir
A person whose profession is cutting (usually male) customers' hair and beards.

barber's itch n
salachar rásúir
(medicine) Any of a number of sorts of rashes or skin eruptions in the area of the mustache or beard, caused by fungal or staphylococcal infections or by irritation from shaving.

barberry /ˈbɑɹbɛɹi/ barberries n
barbróg
Any of the thorny shrubs of genus Berberis, which bear yellow flowers and red or blue-black berries.

barbet barbets n
bairbéad
Any of numerous arboreal birds of the families Capitonidae, Lybiidae, and Megalaimidae, within the order Piciformes.

barbiturate /ˌbɑɹbɪˈt(j)ʊəɹeɪt/ /ˌbɑɹbɪˈt(j)ʊəɹɪt/ /ˌbɑɹˈbɪt(j)u.ɪt/ /ˌbɑɹˈbɪt͡ʃu.ɪt/ /ˌbɑː(ɹ)ˈbɪt͡ʃəɹeɪt/ /ˌbɑː(ɹ)ˈbɪt͡ʃəɹɪt/ barbiturates n
barbatúráit
(organic compound) Any salt or ester of barbituric acid.
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of derivatives of barbituric acid that act as depressants of the central nervous system and are used as sedatives or hypnotics.

barbituric adj
barbatúrach
(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to barbituric acid or its derivatives.

barcarole /ˈbɑɹkəˌɹoʊl/ /ˈbɑːkəɹəʊl/ /ˌbɑːkəˈɹəʊl/ barcaroles n
barcarola
(music) A Venetian folk song traditionally sung by gondoliers, often in 6⁄8 or 12⁄8 time with alternating strong and weak beats imitating a rowing motion. [from late 18th c.]

bard /bɑɹd/ /bɑːd/ bards n
bard
A professional poet and singer, like among the ancient Celts, whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men.

barefoot /ˈbæɹfʊt/ /ˈbɑːɹfʊt/ /ˈbɛəfʊt/ /ˈbɛɹfʊt/ adj
cosnochta
Wearing nothing on the feet.

bareheaded adj
ceann-nochta
Having no covering on the head.

bargain /-ɡɪn/ /ˈbɑːɡən/ /ˈbɑːɹɡən/ bargains n
conradh
An agreement between parties concerning the sale of property; or a contract by which one party binds themself to transfer the right to some property for a consideration, and the other party binds themself to receive the property and pay the consideration.

barge /bɑɹd͡ʒ/ /bɑːd͡ʒ/ barges n
báirse
A large flat-bottomed towed or self-propelled boat used mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods or bulk cargo.

barium /ˈbɛəɹɪəm/ bariums n
bairiam
The chemical element (symbol Ba) with an atomic number of 56. It is a soft, reactive, silvery alkaline earth metal.

bark /bɑɹk/ /bɑːk/ barks n
tafann sceamh
The short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog, a fox, and some other animals.
coirt rúsc snamh
(countable, uncountable) The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree.

bark /bɑɹk/ /bɑːk/ v
amhastraigh bí ag tafann sceamh
(intransitive) To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs (said of animals, especially dogs).
(intransitive) To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries.

barley /ˈbɑɹli/ /ˈbɑːli/ barleys n
eorna
A cereal of the species Hordeum vulgare, or its grains, often used as food or to make beer and other malted drinks.

barm /bɑɹm/ /bɑːm/ barms n
giosta
Foam rising upon beer or other malt liquors when fermenting, used as leaven in brewing and making bread; yeast.

barn [baɾn] [baːn] [bɐːn] [bɑɹn] [bɑɻn] [bɑːn] [bɒən] barns n
scioból
(agriculture) A building, often found on a farm, used for storage or keeping animals such as cattle.

barn owl /ˈbɑɹn ˌaʊəl/ /ˈbɑːn ˌaʊl/ barn owls n
scréachóg reilige
An owl of the species Tyto alba, often having a white face and commonly found in barns and other farm buildings.

barnacle /ˈbɑɹnəkl̩/ /ˈbɑːnəkl̩/ barnacles n
giúrann
A marine crustacean of the subclass Cirripedia that attaches itself to submerged surfaces such as tidal rocks or the bottoms of ships.

barnacle goose barnacle geese n
gé ghiúrainn cadhan
A black and white species of bird within the family Anatidae from the northern hemisphere, Branta leucopsis.

baroclinic adj
barachlaonach
Describing an atmospheric system in which the isobars are at an angle to the isopycnals or isotherms, in which the density of the air depends upon the pressure and the temperature.

baroclinicity n
barachlaonacht
The condition of being baroclinic; barocliny

baroclinity n
barachlaonacht
The condition of being baroclinic.

barometer /bəˈɹɑ.mə.tɚ/ /bəˈɹɒm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /bəˈɹɔm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ [bəˈɹɑ.mə.ɾɚ] [bəˈɹɔm.ɪ.ɾə(ɹ)] barometers n
baraiméadar
An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure.

baron /ˈbæɹən/ /ˈbɛəɹən/ baroness barons n
barúin barún
A baron of beef, a cut made up of a double sirloin.

baroness /ˌbæ.ɹəˈnɛs/ baronesses n
banbharún
A woman holding a baronial title in her own right; a female ruler of a barony.

baronet /bæɹə.ˈnɛt/ baronetess baronets n
bairnéad
The bearer of a hereditary title, below a peerage and senior to most knighthoods, accompanied by the titular prefix "Sir" (for men) or "Dame" (for women) which is used in conjunction with the holder's Christian name. It is inheritable, usually by the eldest son, although a few baronetcies can also pass through the female line.

baronetcy baronetcies n
bairnéadacht
The rank of a baronet.

barony /ˈbæ.ɹə.ni/ baronies n
barúntacht
The domain of a baron or baroness, usually as part of a larger kingdom or empire.
mainéar
(Scotland) Any large manor or estate, regardless of its owner's rank.

barotropy n
baratrópacht
(physics) The state of a fluid in which density is directly proportional to pressure

barrack /ˈbeɹ.ək/ /ˈbæɹ.ək/ /ˈbɛɹ.ək/ barracks n
beairic
(military, chiefly, in the plural) A building for soldiers, especially within a garrison; originally referred to temporary huts, now usually to a permanent structure or set of buildings.

barrel /ˈbæɹ(ə)l/ /ˈbæɹəl/ /ˈbæɹəɫ/ /ˈbɛɚəl/ /ˈbɛɹəl/ [ˈbæɹəɫ] [ˈbɛɚəɫ] barrels n
bairille
(countable) A round (cylindrical) vessel, such as a cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends (heads). Sometimes applied to a similar cylindrical container made of metal, usually called a drum.
A metallic tube, as of a gun, from which a projectile is discharged.

barrel organ barrel organs n
bairille-orgán orgán bairille
A musical instrument in which air from a bellows is admitted to a set of pipes by means of pins inserted into a revolving barrel (typically turned by a crank), originating in France.

barrel roll barrel rolls n
rolladh bairille
(aviation) An aerobatic flying maneuver in which the pilot causes the airplane to complete one loop in the same time that the airplane completes one roll, creating the appearance that the airplane is riding on the inside of a cylinder.
A movement (usually during a car crash) where a car flips on its roof, then falls back on its wheels after doing at least one full 360° horizontal rotation.

barren /ˈbæɹən/ barrener barrenest more barren most barren adj
seasc
(of people and animals, not comparable) Not bearing children, childless; hence also unable to bear children, sterile.
ocrach seasc
(of places) Of poor fertility, infertile; not producing vegetation; desert, waste.

barrenness barrennesses n
aimride loime neamthorthúlacht seisce
The property of being barren; the property of not supporting life.

barrette /bəˈɹɛt/ barrettes n
fáisceán gruaige
A clasp or clip for gathering and holding the hair.

barricade /ˌbæɹɪˈkeɪd/ /ˌbɛɹɪˈkeɪd/ barricades n
baracáid bábhún
A barrier constructed across a road, especially as a military defence

barrier /ˈbæɹi.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈbæɹi.ɚ/ /ˈbɛɹi.ɚ/ barriers n
fál
A structure that bars passage.

barrister /ˈbæɹ.ɪst.ə(ɹ)/ barristers n
abhcóide
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) A lawyer with the right to speak and argue as an advocate in higher lawcourts.

barrow /ˈbæ.ɹəʊ/ /ˈbæɹ.oʊ/ /ˈbɛɚ.oʊ/ /ˈbɛɹ.oʊ/ barrows n
bara
(British) A small vehicle used to carry a load and pulled or pushed by hand.
borra
(obsolete, _, except in scientific use and in some dialects) A castrated boar.
barra adhlactha créthulach adhlactha
A mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves.

barrowful barrowfuls barrowsful n
lán barra
The amount that can fit in a barrow

bartender /ˈbɑɹˌtɛndɚ/ /ˈbɑːˌtɛndə(ɹ)/ bartenders bartendress n
buachaill tábhairne
One who tends a bar or pub; a person preparing and serving drinks at a bar. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

barter /ˈbɑɹtɚ/ /ˈbɑː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)/ [ˈbɑɹɾɚ] barters n
malairt
An exchange of goods or services without the use of money.

bas-relief /ˈbæs.ɹɪˌlif/ /ˈbæs.ɹɪˌliːf/ /ˈbɑ.ɹɪˌlif/ /ˈbɑs.ɹɪˌliːf/ /ˈbɑː.ɹɪˌliːf/ /ˌbæs.ɹɪˈlif/ /ˌbɑ.ɹɪˈlif/ bas-reliefs n
rilíf íseal
(sculpture) A low or mostly-flat sculpture which is carved into a wall, or is in the form of a tile mounted flat to a wall, rather than a fully three-dimensional, free-standing figure.

basa basa n
gréasaí
The catfish Pangasius bocourti.

basalt /bəˈsɑlt/ /bəˈsɔlt/ /ˈbeɪˌsɑlt/ /ˈbeɪˌsɔlt/ /ˈbæs.ɑlt/ /ˈbæs.ɒlt/ /ˈbæs.ɔlt/ /ˈbæs.ɔːlt/ /ˈbæs.əlt/ basalts n
basalt
(mineral) A hard mafic igneous rock of varied mineral content; volcanic in origin, which makes up much of the Earth's oceanic crust.

base /beɪs/ /beːs/ baser basest more base most base adj
uiríseal
neamhlómhar
(of a metal) Not considered precious or noble.
Alloyed with inferior metal; debased.

base unit base units n
bunaonad
A unit of measurement which is not itself defined in terms of other units, and from which other units may be derived.
bonnaonad
The main unit of a computer or hi-fi system.

baseball /ˈbeɪs.bɑl/ /ˈbeɪs.bɔl/ /ˈbeɪs.bɔːl/ baseballs n
daorchluiche
The ball used to play the sport of baseball.

baseline /ˈbeɪslaɪn/ baselines n
bonnlíne bunlíne
A line that is a base for measurement or for construction.
A datum used as the basis for calculation or for comparison.
(tennis) The line at the farthest ends of the court indicating the boundary of the area of play.

basement /ˈbeɪsmənt/ basements n
íoslach
A floor of a building below ground level.

bashful [ˈbæʃfəɫ] [ˈbæʃfʊɫ] more bashful most bashful adj
faiteach náireach náiriúil
Shy; not liking to be noticed; socially timid.

bashfulness bashfulnesses n
cotadh
The quality or property of being bashful

basidiomycete basidiomycetes n
baisidimícéit
(mycology) Any fungus of the phylum Basidiomycota, that produces sexual spores on a basidium.

basidiospore basidiospores n
baisideaspór
(biology) A sexually reproductive spore produced by fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota.

basidium /bəˈsɪdɪəm/ basidia n
baisidiam
(mycology) A small structure, shaped like a club, found in the Basidiomycota division of fungi, that bears four spores at the tips of small projections. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

basil /ˈbeɪ.zəl/ /ˈbæz.əl/ basils n
basal
A plant (Ocimum basilicum).
The leaves of this plant used as a herb.

basilica /bəˈsɪlɪkə/ basilicae basilicas n
baisleac
(architecture) A Christian church building having a nave with a semicircular apse, side aisles, a narthex and a clerestory.

basilisk /ˈbæs.ɪ.lɪsk/ /ˈbæz.ɪ.lɪsk/ basilisks n
baisileasc
(heraldiccharge) A type of dragon used in heraldry.

basin /ˈbeɪs(ə)n/ basins n
báisín
A wide bowl for washing, sometimes affixed to a wall.
duga
(geography) An area of land from which water drains into a common outlet; drainage basin.
imchuach
(geography) A shallow depression in a rock formation, such as an area of down-folded rock that has accumulated a thick layer of sediments, or an area scooped out by water erosion.

basinful basinfuls basinsful n
lán báisín
As much as a basin will hold.

basket /ˈbaskɛt/ /ˈbaskɪt/ /ˈbaːskət/ /ˈbæskət/ /ˈbæskɪt/ /ˈbɑːskɪt/ baskets n
cis ciseán
A lightweight container, generally round, open at the top, and tapering toward the bottom.

basketball /ˈbæs.kɪt.bɑl/ /ˈbæs.kɪt.bɔl/ /ˈbɑːs.kɪt.bɔːl/ basketballs n
cispheil
(countable) The particular kind of ball used in the sport of basketball.

basketful basketfuls basketsful n
lán bascaeid lán cléibh
The amount that will fit into a basket

basketmaker basketmakers n
caoladóir ciseadóir
A person who weaves baskets.

basking shark basking sharks n
liamhán gréine seoltóir
A very large shark, Cetorhinus maximus, that feeds at or close to the surface by filtering plankton from the water and is found in all the world's temperate oceans.

basophilic more basophilic most basophilic adj
basaifileach
Easily stained with basic dyes, such as haematoxylin.

bass clef /ˈbeɪsklɛf/ bass clefs n
dordeochair
(music) A symbol showing that the second line from the top of the staff represents the F below middle C.

bass drum /ˈbeɪsˌdɹʌm/ bass drums n
dord-druma druma mór
a large drum with a low pitch

bass guitar /ˈbeɪsɡɪˈtɑːɹ/ bass guitars n
dordghiotár
A long-necked and solid-bodied stringed instrument (chordophone), tuned to produce bass or low notes, usually with a fretted fingerboard and four thick strings, and requiring the use of an amplifier.

bassist /ˈbeɪs.ɪst/ bassists n
dordóir
A musician who plays a bass instrument, especially the bass guitar.

bassline /ˈbeɪsˌlaɪn/ basslines n
dordlíne líne an doird

bassoon /bəˈsun/ /bəˈsuːn/ bassoons n
basún
A musical instrument in the woodwind family, having a double reed and playing in the tenor and bass ranges.

basswood /ˈbæswʊd/ basswoods n
teileog Mheiriceá
(US) Any of several trees of the genus Tilia; the lindens, especially Tilia americana, the American basswood.

bastard /ˈbæs.tɚd/ /ˈbɑːs.təd/ more bastard most bastard adj
tabhartha
Of or like a bastard (illegitimate human descendant).

bastion /ˈbæsti.ən/ /ˈbæst͡ʃən/ bastions n
urdhún
(architecture) A projecting part of a rampart or other fortification.

bat /bæt/ bats n
ialtóg sciathán leathair ialtóg leathair leadhbóg leathair amadáinín
Any of the flying mammals of the order Chiroptera, usually small and nocturnal, insectivorous or frugivorous.
A club made of wood or aluminium used for striking the ball in sports such as baseball, softball and cricket.

bat /bæt/ v
ialtóg sciathán leathair ialtóg leathair leadhbóg leathair amadáinín
(intransitive) To take a turn at hitting a ball with a bat in sports like cricket, baseball and softball, as opposed to fielding.

batch /bæt͡ʃ/ batches n
baisc
The quantity of bread or other baked goods baked at one time.

bath towel bath towels n
tuáille folctha
A towel used to dry the body after bathing.

bathe /beɪð/ v
folc

bathometer bathometers n
bataiméadar
An instrument that measures the depth of water, used especially to measure the depth of ocean water.

bathrobe /ˈbæθ.ɹoʊb/ /ˈbɑːθ.ɹəʊb/ bathrobes n
fallaing folctha róba folctha
A robe usually made of terrycloth intended to be worn when one is still damp from bathing or when there is no immediate need to dress fully.

bathroom /ˈbæθɹuːm/ /ˈbæθɹʊm/ /ˈbæθˌɹum/ /ˈbɑːθɹuːm/ /ˈbɑːθɹʊm/ bathrooms n
seomra folctha
(chiefly, US, South Africa, Canada, Philippines, Australia, euphemism) A lavatory (area where one washes or bathes): a room containing a toilet and (typically but not necessarily) a bathtub.

bathroom scales n
scála seomra folctha
Flat floor-mounted scales (usually stored in the bathroom) used to measure one's own weight.

bathtub /ˈbæθtʊb/ /ˈbæθtʌb/ /ˈbɑːθtʌb/ bathtubs n
dabhach fholctha tobán folctha
A large container for holding water in which a person may bathe (take a bath).

bathymetric adj
bataiméadrach
Of, pertaining to, or derived from bathymetry.

bathymetry /bəˈθɪm.ə.tɹi/ bathymetries n
bataiméadracht
The measurement of the depths of the seas and oceans.

baton /bəˈtɑn/ /ˈbætn̩/ /ˈbætɒn/ /ˈbætən/ batons n
smachtín
(music) The stick of a conductor in musical performances.

battalion /bəˈtæliən/ battalions n
cathlán
(military) An army unit having two or more companies, etc. and a headquarters. Traditionally forming part of a regiment.
(US, military) an army unit having two or more companies, etc. and a headquarters; forming part of a brigade.

batter /ˈbætə/ /ˈbætəɹ/ [ˈbæɾɚ] batters n
fuidreamh
(cooking, countable, uncountable) A beaten mixture of flour and liquid (usually egg and milk), used for baking (e.g. pancakes, cake, or Yorkshire pudding) or to coat food (e.g. fish) prior to frying.
cló brúite
(countable, printing) A bruise on the face of a plate or of type in the form.

batter /ˈbætə/ /ˈbætəɹ/ [ˈbæɾɚ] v
tuargain
To hit or strike violently and repeatedly.

battering ram battering rams n
reithe cogaidh
A modern device, usually in the form of a metal bar with handles, chiefly used by police and firefighters to force open locked doors.

battery /ˈbæt.ə.ɹi/ /ˈbæt.ɹi/ batteries n
cadhnra
(countable, electronics) A device used to power electric devices, consisting of a set of electrically connected electrochemical or, archaically, electrostatic cells. A single such cell when used by itself.

battle /ˈbætl̩/ /ˈbætəl/ [bætɫ̩] [ˈbatʰɫ̩] [ˈbæɾɫ̩] battles n
cath
(military) A general action, fight, or encounter, in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; a combat, an engagement.
coimhlint
(military, obsolete) The main body of an army, as distinct from the vanguard and rear; the battalia.

battle axe battle axes n
tua chatha
An ancient military weapon, an axe designed for combat, including (in, _, heraldiccharge) when borne on arms as a mark of prowess.

battlefield battlefields n
blár catha fód catha machaire catha ármhá
The area where a land battle is or was fought, which is not necessarily a field.

bay /beɪ/ bayer bayest more bay most bay adj
donnrua
(especially, of horses) Of a reddish-brown colour.

bay /beɪ/ bays n
bá
(geography) A body of water (especially the sea) more-or-less three-quarters surrounded by land.
tafann
The excited howling of dogs when hunting or being attacked.
donnrua
A brown colour/color of the coat of some horses.

bay /beɪ/ v
bí ag tafann
(transitive) To bark at; hence, to follow with barking; to bring or drive to bay.

bay leaf bay leaves n
duilleog labhrais
A herb derived from any of certain shrubs of the family Lauraceae and Myrtaceae.

be /bi/ /biː/ v
bí
(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence.
(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of "go".
(now, usually, literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive.
As an intransitive lexical verb:
To occur, to take place.
bí cothrom is le
(rare, and, regional, chiefly, in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses, the first of which is a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place), and the second of which is a period of time indicating how long ago that day was. [from 15th c.]
bí is
Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase.
bí tá
Used to link a subject to a measurement.
To occupy a place.

be able to v
is féidir le tar le
Can, to have the ability to.

be bothered v
bí gafa
(chiefly in the negative) To have the enthusiasm (to do something).

be careful interjection
fainic seachain tabhair aire
Used to warn someone to proceed with caution.

be silent v
tost
To refrain from speaking; to say nothing. (This entry is a translation hub.)

beach /bit͡ʃ/ /biːt͡ʃ/ beaches n
trá
A horizontal strip of land, usually sandy, adjoining water.

beach /bit͡ʃ/ /biːt͡ʃ/ v
triomaigh
(intransitive) To run aground on a beach.
(transitive) To run (something) aground on a beach.

bead /biːd/ beads n
boilgeog mónóg
A small drop of water or other liquid. [from 16thc.]

beagle /ˈbiːɡəl/ [ˈb̥iːɡəɫ] beagles n
pocadán pocadán beag
A small short-legged smooth-coated scenthound, often tricolored and sometimes used for hunting hares. Its friendly disposition makes it suitable as a family pet.

beak /biːk/ beaks n
gob
A rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.

beaker /ˈbiːkə(ɹ)/ /ˈbiːkɚ/ beakers n
eascra
A flat-bottomed vessel, with a lip, used as a laboratory container.
muga
A mug.

beam /biːm/ beams n
bíoma giarsa
(structural) Any large piece of timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared for use.
(structural) One of the principal horizontal structural members, usually of steel, timber, or concrete, of a building.

bean /biːn/ beans n
pónaire
Any plant of several genera of the taxonomic family Fabaceae that produces large edible seeds or edible seedpods.

beanie /ˈbiː.ni/ beanies n
bairéidín
A cap that fits the head closely, usually knitted from wool.

beanpole beanpoles n
clifeartach coinnleoir cuaille dréimire fir eilit feadóg
(informal) A tall, thin person.

beanstalk beanstalks n
gas pónaire
The stem of a bean plant, proverbially fast-growing and tall.

bear /beə/ /beː/ /bɑɹ/ /bɛə(ɹ)/ /bɛɚ/ /bɛː(r)/ /bɛː(ɹ)/ /ˈbiːə(r)/ [beə~bɪə] [beː~bɛː] bears n
béar mathúin
A large, generally omnivorous mammal (a few species are purely carnivorous or herbivorous), related to the dog and raccoon, having shaggy hair, a very small tail, and flat feet; a member of the family Ursidae.

bear /bɛə(ɹ)/ v
iompair
(transitive) To afford, to be something to someone, to supply with something.

bear cub bear cubs n
coileán béir
A young bear.

bear market bear markets n
béarmhargadh
(finance) A stock market where a majority of investors are selling ("bears"), causing overall stock prices to drop.

bear's breech bear's breeches n
feabhrán
(rare) A species of hogweed, Heracleum sphondylium

bearable /ˈbɛəɹəbəɫ/ adj
sofhulaingthe
Able to be borne; tolerable; endurable.

beard /biɚd/ /bɜː(ɹ)d/ /bɪəd/ /bɪɹd/ beards n
féasóg meigeall ulcha
Facial hair on the chin, cheeks, jaw and neck.

bearded /ˈbiɚdəd/ /ˈbɪədəd/ /ˈbɪədɪd/ /ˈbɪɹdəd/ more bearded most bearded adj
féasógach
Having a beard; involving a beard.

bearded tit bearded tits n
meantán croiméalach
A small passerine bird, Panurus biarmicus, of the family Timaliidae, or possibly the monotypic family Panuridae.

beardless more beardless most beardless adj
maol
Lacking an awn.
amhulchach
(ornithology) Lacking a beard (a defined patch of feathers below the beak).

bearer bond bearer bonds n
banna seachadóra
(legal) A negotiable loan instrument payable to its holder (bearer) by the issuer according to preset conditions. The owner must safeguard bearer bonds to prevent loss; interest is usually paid by coupon redemptions.

bearing /ˈbɛə̯ɹɪŋ/ /ˈbɛɹɪŋ/ bearings n
méin
One's posture, demeanor, or manner.

bearish more bearish most bearish adj
béarúil
(stock market, of the price of financial instruments) Characterized by or expecting falling prices.

bearskin /ˈbɛə.skɪn/ /ˈbɛəɹ.skɪn/ bearskins n
craiceann béir
(countable, uncountable) The pelt of a bear, especially when used as a rug.

beast /biːst/ beasts n
beithíoch
(often, _, collective) All non-human animals seen as a group.

beat /biːt/ beats n
béim
(music) A pulse on the beat level, the metric level at which pulses are heard as the basic unit. Thus a beat is the basic time unit of a piece.

beat /biːt/ v
gread liúr
(intransitive) To strike repeatedly; to inflict repeated blows; to knock vigorously or loudly.
buail gread
(transitive) To win against; to defeat or overcome; to do or be better than (someone); to excel in a particular, competitive event.

beat up v
greasáil
(transitive) To give a severe beating to; to assault violently with repeated blows.

beatification /biˌætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ beatifications n
beannú
The act of beatifying, or the state of being beatified; especially, in the Roman Catholic Church, the act or process of ascertaining and declaring that a deceased person is one of "the blessed," or has attained the second degree of sanctity, — usually a stage in the process of canonization.

beatify /biˈætɪfaɪ/ v
beannaigh
(transitive, Roman Catholicism) To carry out the third of four steps in canonization, making someone a blessed.

beating /ˈbiːtɪŋ/ beatings n
greasáil
The pulsation of the heart.

beatitude /biˈætɪtud/ /biːˈætɪtjuːd/ beatitudes n
beannaitheacht
(uncountable) Supreme, utmost bliss and happiness.

beau /boʊ/ /bəʊ/ beaus beaux n
gaige
(dated) A man with a reputation for fine dress and etiquette; a dandy or fop.

beautician /bjuːˈtɪ(t)ʃən/ beauticians n
sciamhlann

beautiful /ˈbju.tɪ.fəl/ /ˈbjuːtɪ.fəl/ /ˈbjuːtɪ.fʊl/ [bju.ɾə.fəl] more beautiful most beautiful adj
álainn dathúil galánta spéiriúil
Attractive and possessing beauty.
breá aoibhinn galánta álainn
(of the weather) Pleasant; clear.

beautify /ˈbjuː.tɪ.faɪ/ v
barr maise a chur ar breáthaigh maisigh áilligh
(transitive) To make beautiful; to increase the beauty of.

beauty /ˈbjuti/ /ˈbjuːti/ /ˈbuːti/ [-ɾi] [ˈb(j)ɪu̯ɾ̥ɪ] [ˈbju̟ti] [ˈbju̟ːɾi] beauties n
breáichte maise scéimh spéiriúlacht áille áilleacht
(uncountable) The quality of being (especially visually) attractive, pleasing, fine or good-looking; comeliness.
ainnir bé spéirbhean
Someone who is beautiful.
(in the plural) Those aspects or elements that make someone or something beautiful.

beauty is in the eye of the beholder /ˈbjuːti ɪz ɪn ðiː aɪ əv ðiː bɪˈhəʊldə/ proverb
folaíonn grá gráin is geal leis an bhfiach dubh a ghearrcach féin nochtann grá gnaoi
Different people have different views on what is beautiful; beauty is subjective.

beauty is only skin deep proverb
más peaca bheith buí tá na mílte damanta ní hí an bhreáthacht a bhruitheann na prátaí
A person's character matters more than their appearance.

beauty pageant beauty pageants n
comórtas áilleachta
A competition in which participants compete for a determination that one is the most physically attractive.

beaver /ˈbivɚ/ /ˈbiːvə/ beaver beavers n
béabhar
(countable) A semiaquatic rodent of the genus Castor, having a wide, flat tail and webbed feet.

beaverboard /-ˌboɹd/ /ˈbivɚˌbɔɹd/ /ˈbiːvəˌbɔːd/ beaverboards n
béabharchlár
A form of fiberboard made of wood pulp compressed into sheets.

because /biˈkɔz/ /biˈkʌz/ /bəˈkɔz/ /bəˈkʌz/ /bɪkəz/ /bɪˈkeɪz/ /bɪˈkɒz/ /bɪˈkɔz/ /bɪˈkɔːz/ /bɪˈkʌz/ conjunction
óir arae de bhrí go mar toisc go
By or for the cause that; on this account that; for the reason that.

because of preposition
mar gheall ar
On account of; due to, for the purpose of.

beckon /ˈbɛkən/ v
bagair
(ambitransitive) To wave or nod to somebody with the intention to make the person come closer.

become /biˈkʌm/ /bəˈkʊm/ /bəˈkʌm/ /bɪˈkʊm/ /bɪˈkʌm/ v
éirigh
(transitive) To be proper for; to beseem. [from 13th c.]

becoming /bəˈkʌm.ɪŋ/ /bɪˈkʊm.ɪŋɡ/ /bɪˈkʌm.ɪŋ/ more becoming most becoming adj
feiliúnach fóirsteanach maisiúil mas oiriúnach
pleasingly suitable; fit; congruous; beautiful

bed /bed/ /bɛd/ [beː] beds n
leaba
A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep.
A prepared spot in which to spend the night.
A shaped piece of timber to hold a cask clear of a ship’s floor; a pallet.
The bottom of a body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river. [from later 16thc.]
A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid.
leaba ceapach
A garden plot.

bed and breakfast bed and breakfasts n
leaba agus bricfeasta
A private home, guesthouse,small hotel etc. where guests are provided overnight accommodations and served breakfast but usually no other meals.

bedbug bedbugs n
míol leapa
A small nocturnal insect (Cimex lectularius), of the family Cimicidae, that feeds on the blood of humans and other warm-blooded hosts.

bedclothes n
cóir leapa córacha leapa línéadach leapa éadach leapa éadaí leapa

bedding /ˈbɛdɪŋ/ [ˈbɛɾɪŋ] beddings n
cóir leapa córacha leapa éadach leapa éadaí leapa
cisealú cisealúchán
(geology) A structure occurring in granite and similar massive rocks that allows them to split in well-defined planes horizontally or parallel to the land surface.

bedding plane bedding planes n
cisealchlár plána cisealúcháin
(geology) The planar surface between adjacent strata

bedouin /ˈbɛd.wɪn/ bedouins n
Beidiúnach
A member of nomadic Arab tribes dwelling in the desert.

bedpan /ˈbɛd.ˌpæn/ bedpans n
soitheach leapan
A pan used for urination and defecation while in bed, now usually for reasons of medical necessity or convenience.

bedraggled /bɪˈdɹæɡl̩d/ more bedraggled most bedraggled adj
aimlithe draoibeáilte giobach sraoilleach úcaiste útamáilte
Wet and limp; unkempt.

bedridden /ˈbɛdɹɪdən/ adj
cróilí
Confined to bed because of infirmity or illness.

bedriddenness n
cróilí
The state or quality of being bedridden.

bedrock /ˈbɛdrɒk/ /ˈbɛdˌrɑk/ bedrocks n
buncharraig
(uncountable, geology, mining, engineering, construction) The solid rock that exists at some depth below the ground surface. Bedrock is rock "in place", as opposed to material that has been transported from another location by weathering and erosion.

bedroll bedrolls n
rolla leapa
A roll of bedding that can be carried when hiking or camping etc.

bedroom /ˈbɛdɹʊm/ /ˈbɛdˌɹum/ bedrooms n
seomra codlata seomra leapa
A room in a house, apartment, hotel or other dwelling where a bed is kept for sleeping.

bedsheet /ˈbɛdʃiːt/ bedsheets n
braillín
A sheet, a piece of cloth cut and finished as bedlinen.

bedsore bedsores n
anacair leapa
(medicine, usually, in the plural, dated) A lesion caused by unrelieved pressure to any part of the body, especially portions over bony or cartilaginous areas, such as frequently develops on a person confined to a bed by infirmity.

bedtime /ˈbɛdtaɪm/ bedtimes n
am luí
The time or hour at which one retires to bed in order to sleep.

bedwetting bedwettings n
fliuchadh leapa
A type of urinary incontinence involving involuntary urination while in bed during sleep.

bee /ˈbiː/ bees n
beach
A flying insect, of the clade Anthophila within the hymenopteran superfamily Apoidea, known for its organised societies (though only a minority have them), for collecting pollen and (in some species) producing wax and honey.
beith bé
The name of the Latin-script letter B/b.

bee fly bee flies n
bheach-chuil
Any of the flies in the family Bombyliidae, with adults that look like bumblebees and larvae that are parasitic on the eggs or larvae of other insects.

bee-eater /ˈbiː iːtəɹ/ bee-eaters n
beachadóir
Any of various brightly-coloured, insectivorous, near-passerine birds in the family Meropidae, especially the European bee-eater, Merops apiaster.

beech /biːt͡ʃ/ beeches n
feá
A tree of the genus Fagus having a smooth, light grey trunk, oval, pointed leaves, and many branches.

beech marten beech martens n
cat crainn clochra
Martes foina, a marten of Eurasia.

beef /bif/ /biːf/ beef beefs beeves n
mairteoil
(in the meat industry, on, _, product packaging) The edible portions of a cow (including those which are not meat).

beefsteak /ˈbiːfˌsteɪk/ beefsteaks n
stéig mhairteola
(countable, uncountable) (A) steak cut from beef cattle.
(countable) Ellipsis of beefsteak tomato.
(countable) Ellipsis of beefsteak mushroom.

beehive /ˈbiːhaɪv/ beehives n
coirceog bheach
An enclosed structure in which some species of honey bees (genus Apis) live and raise their young.
beachaire
A man-made structure in which bees are kept for their honey.

beekeeper /ˈbiˌkipɚ/ beekeepers n
beachaire
A person who maintains hives and keeps bees, especially for the production of honey.

beekeeping n
beachadóireacht beachaireacht
The practice or profession of keeping and caring for bees.

beer /bɛə/ /bɪə/ /bɪɹ/ beers n
beoir leann
(uncountable) An alcoholic drink fermented from starch material, commonly barley malt; often with hops or some other substance (like gruit) to impart a bitter flavor.

beer belly beer bellies n
maróg óil
A protruding belly caused by excess fat stored in the abdomen and colloquially attributed to the consumption of beer.

beer parlour beer parlours n
teach beorach
(Canada) A bar, selling beer, that has tables where customers may congregate socially.

beet /biːt/ beets n
biatas
Beta vulgaris, a plant with a swollen root which is eaten or used to make sugar.

beetle /ˈbiːtəl/ [ˈbiɾəɫ] beetles n
ciaróg
Any of numerous species of insect in the order Coleoptera characterized by a pair of hard, shell-like front wings which cover and protect a pair of rear wings when at rest.

beetroot /ˈbit.ɹut/ /ˈbiː.tɹʉːt/ /ˈbiːt.ɹuːt/ [ˈbiː.t͡ʃɹʉːt] beetroots n
biatas meacan biatais
(UK, NZ, AU) A normally deep-red-coloured root vegetable usually cooked or pickled before eating; Synonym of beet.

before /biˈfɔɹ/ /bəˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/ /bɪˈfoə/ /bɪˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfɔː/ adv
cheana roimhe sin
At an earlier time.

before /biˈfɔɹ/ /bəˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/ /bɪˈfoə/ /bɪˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfɔː/ conjunction
sula
In advance of the time when.

before /biˈfɔɹ/ /bəˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/ /bɪˈfoə/ /bɪˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfɔː/ preposition
le hucht
roimh
Earlier than (in time).
In front of, according to a formal system of ordering items.
os coinne os comhair
In front of in space.
faoi bhráid os comhair
Under consideration, judgment, authority of (someone).

beforehand /bɪˈfo(ː)ɹhænd/ /bɪˈfoəhænd/ /bɪˈfɔɹhænd/ /bɪˈfɔːhænd/ adv
roimh ré
At an earlier or preceding time.

begetter begetters n
gineadoir
A procreator; one who begets.
(figuratively) An originator; a creator.

beggar /ˈbɛɡə/ /ˈbɛɡɚ/ beggars n
bacach sirtheoir
A person who begs.

beggary /ˈbɛɡəɹi/ beggaries n
bacachas
The fact or action of begging.

begging /ˈbɛɡɪŋ/ beggings n
bacachas
The act of one who begs.

begin /biˈɡɪn/ /bəˈɡɪn/ /bɪˈɡɪn/ v
tosaigh
(ambitransitive) To start, to initiate or take the first step into something.

beginning /bɪˈɡɪn.ɪŋ/ beginnings n
tosach
That which begins or originates something; the source or first cause.

behave /bi-/ /biːˈheɪv/ /bə-/ /bɪˈheɪv/ v
iompair
(intransitive) To act, conduct oneself in a specific manner; used with an adverbial of manner.

behavior /bɪˈheɪvjə/ /bɪˈheɪvjɚ/ behaviors n
iompar iompraíocht
(countable, uncountable) The way a living creature behaves or acts generally.
iompraíocht
(uncountable) The way a device or system operates.

behind /bəˈhaɪnd/ /bɪˈhaɪnd/ /ˈbiːˌhaɪnd/ behinder behindest more behind most behind adv
ar gcúl
At or in the rear or back part of something.

behind /bəˈhaɪnd/ /bɪˈhaɪnd/ /ˈbiːˌhaɪnd/ preposition
ar chúl taobh thiar de
At or to the back or far side of.

beige /ˈbeɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈbeɪʒ/ beiger beigest more beige most beige adj
béasa
Having a slightly yellowish gray colour, as that of unbleached wool.

beige /ˈbeɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈbeɪʒ/ beiges n
béas
A slightly yellowish gray colour, as that of unbleached wool.

being /ˈbiŋ/ /ˈbiɪŋ/ /ˈbiːŋ/ /ˈbiːɪŋ/ beings n
dúil neach
A living creature.
beith
The state or fact of existence, consciousness, or life, or something in such a state.

belaying pin belaying pins n
méar

belfry /ˈbɛlfɹi/ belfries n
clogás
(architecture) A tower or steeple typically containing bells, especially as part of a church.
(architecture) A part of a large tower or steeple, specifically for containing bells.

believable /bɪˈliːvəbl̩/ more believable most believable adj
sochreidte
Capable of being believed; credible.

believe /bi-/ /bə-/ /bɪˈliv/ /bɪˈliːv/ v
creid
(transitive) To accept as true, particularly without absolute certainty (i.e., as opposed to knowing).
(transitive) To accept that someone is telling the truth.
creid iontaoibh a bheith agat muinín a bheith agat
(intransitive) To have religious faith; to believe in a greater truth.
creid i
To ascribe existence to.
To believe that (something) is right or desirable.
iontaoibh a bheith agat muinín a bheith agat
To have confidence in the ability or power of.

believe it or not adv
creid é nó ná creid
(idiomatic) This may be surprising, but it's true.

believer /bɪˈlivɚ/ /bɪˈliːvə/ believers n
creidmheach
A person who believes; especially regarding religion.

bell /bɛl/ bells n
clog
A percussive instrument made of metal or other hard material, typically but not always in the shape of an inverted cup with a flared rim, which resonates when struck.

bell ringer bell ringers n
clogaire
A person, especially one of a group, who rings bells.

bell tower bell towers n
clogás cloigtheach
A tower in which a bell (or set of bells) is hung; a belfry.

bell-ringing bell-ringings n
clogaireacht
The ringing of bells, either as a pastime or for religious observance.

belles-lettres /ˌbɛlˈlɛtɹ(ə)/ n
léann liteartha
(archaic) Literature, particularly light compositions valued for their aesthetic properties.

bellicose /ˈbɛləkoʊs/ /ˈbɛlɪkoʊs/ more bellicose most bellicose adj
cogúil trodach
Warlike in nature; aggressive; hostile.
achrannach taghdach trodach
Showing or having the impulse to be combative.

bellow /ˈbɛloʊ/ /ˈbɛləʊ/ bellows n
géim
The deep roar of a large animal, or any similar loud noise.

bellow /ˈbɛloʊ/ /ˈbɛləʊ/ v
géim
To make a loud, deep, hollow noise like the roar of an angry bull.

bellows /ˈbɛl.oʊz/ /ˈbɛl.əs/ /ˈbɛl.əʊz/ bellows n
boilg
A device for delivering pressurized air in a controlled quantity to a controlled location. At its most simple terms a bellows is a container which is deformable in such a way as to alter its volume which has an outlet or outlets where one wishes to blow air.

belly /ˈbɛli/ bellies n
bolg
The abdomen, especially a fat one.

bellyful belliesful bellyfuls n
lán boilg

belonging /bɪˈlɑŋɪŋ/ /bɪˈlɒŋɪŋ/ /bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ/ belongings n
gustal
(countable, mostly, in the plural) Something physical that is owned.

beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/ /bɪˈlʌvɪd/ more beloved most beloved adj
maoineach muirneach
Much loved, dearly loved.

below /bɪˈloʊ/ /bɪˈləʊ/ preposition
faoi
Lower in spatial position than.
níos lú
Lower than in value, price, rank, concentration, etc.

below the belt /bəˈloʊ ðə bɛlt/ /bɪˈləʊ ðiː bɛlt/
buille íseal
(boxing) Of a punch, landing illegally, below the opponent's waist.

belt /bɛlt/ belts n
crios beilt
A band used as a restraint for safety purposes, such as a seat belt.
(baseball) The part of the strike zone at the height of the batter's waist.
buille
A powerful blow, often made with a fist or heavy object.
crios
(usually, capitalized) A geographical region known for a particular product, feature or demographic (Corn Belt, Bible Belt, Black Belt, Green Belt).

belt /bɛlt/ v
timpeallaigh
(transitive) To encircle.
(transitive) To fasten a belt on.
(transitive) To invest (a person) with a belt as part of a formal ceremony such as knighthood.
(transitive) To hit with a belt.
(transitive, informal, normally belt out) To scream or sing in a loud manner.
(transitive) To drink quickly, often in gulps.
(transitive, colloquial) To hit someone or something.
(transitive, baseball) To hit a pitched ball a long distance, usually for a home run.
(intransitive) To move very fast.

belt loop belt loops n
lúb chreasa
One of the loops of fabric ringing the waist of a pair of pants, used to hold the belt in place.

bench /bɛnt͡ʃ/ benches n
binse
(law) The seat where the judges sit in court.
(law, figuratively) The people who decide on the verdict, collectively; the judiciary.
(government) A long seat for politicians in a parliamentary chamber.

bench press /ˈbɛntʃ.pɹɛs/ bench presses n
ardú binse
(weightlifting) An exercise performed by pressing the weight of a barbell away from one's body while lying on a bench.

bench warrant bench warrants n
barántas binse
An arrest warrant issued by a court against a person guilty of some contempt or indicted for some crime, authorizing his or her arrest on sight.

bend /bɛnd/ /bɪnd/ bends n
bandán
(heraldiccharge) One of the honourable ordinaries formed by two diagonal lines drawn from the dexter chief to the sinister base; it generally occupies a fifth part of the shield if uncharged, but if charged one third.

bender tent bender tents n
puball lúbán
A simple shelter, made using flexible branches or withies.

beneath /bɪˈniːθ/ adv
ar íochtar
Below or underneath.

beneath /bɪˈniːθ/ preposition
faoi bhun
Below.

benediction /ˌbɛnəˈdɪkʃən/ benedictions n
beannacht
A short invocation for help, blessing and guidance from God, said on behalf of another person or persons (sometimes at the end of a church worship service).

beneficence /bəˈnɛfɪsəns/ beneficences n
dea-ghníomhaíocht dea-obair
An act of philanthropy, a kind deed; an act which benefits someone else.

beneficial owner beneficial owners n
úinéir tairbhiúil
(law) The person who takes all or most of the returns of a property's equity or monetary gains.

benefit /ˈbɛn.ə.fɪt/ /ˈbɛn.ɪ.fɪt/ benefits n
brabach
An advantage; help or aid from something.

benevolence /bəˈnɛvələns/ benevolences n
dea-mhéin
(uncountable) Disposition to do good.

bent /bɛnt/ benter bentest more bent most bent adj
cam lúbtha
(derogatory, colloquial, chiefly, UK) Homosexual.

benthic /ˈbɛnθɪk/ adj
beantach
Pertaining to the benthos; living on the seafloor, as opposed to floating in the ocean.

benthos /ˈbɛnθɒs/ benthoses n
beantós
The flora and fauna at the bottom of a body of water.

benzene /ˈbɛnziːn/ benzenes n
beinséin
(organic compound) An aromatic hydrocarbon of formula C6H6 whose structure consists of a ring of alternate single and double bonds.

benzoic adj
beansóch
Pertaining to, or obtained from, benzoin.
(organic chemistry) Derived from benzoic acid or its derivatives.

benzoic acid n
aigéad beansóch aigéad beinséancarbocsaileach
(carboxylic acid) A white crystalline organic acid, C6H5COOH; the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid; used as a food preservative and in many other industrial applications.

bequest /bɪˈkwɛst/ bequests n
tiomna
The transfer of property upon the owner's death according to the will of the deceased.

bere /bɪə/ /bɪɚ/ n
eorna bheag
(chiefly, Scotland) Barley, especially four-rowed barley or six-rowed barley.

beret /bəˈɹeɪ/ /ˈbɛɹeɪ/ berets n
beiré
A type of round, brimless cap with a soft top and a headband to secure it to the head; usually culturally associated with France.

bergamot /ˈbɜːɡəˌmɒt/ /ˈbɝɡəˌmɑt/ bergamots n
beirgeamat
The fruit from the bergamot tree

berkelium /bɜːɹˈkiːliəm/ /ˈbɜːɹkliəm/ n
beircéiliam
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Bk) with an atomic number of 97.

berry /ˈbɛɹ.i/ berries n
caor
A small succulent fruit, of any one of many varieties.
(botany) A soft fruit which develops from a single ovary and contains seeds not encased in pits.

beryllium /bəˈɹɪl.i.əm/ berylliums n
beirilliam
The chemical element (symbol Be) with an atomic number of 4; a soft silvery-white low density alkaline earth metal with specialist industrial applications.

beseech /bɪˈsiːt͡ʃ/ v
achair
To beg or request for (something).

beset /bɪˈsɛt/ v
imdhruid

beside /biˈsaɪd/ /bəˈsaɪd/ /bɪˈsaɪd/ /bɪˈsʌɪd/ preposition
cois in aice in aice le
Next to; at the side of.

besides /biˈsaɪdz/ /bəˈsaɪdz/ /bɪˈsaɪdz/ adv
le cois
(conjunctive) Also; in addition.

besides /biˈsaɪdz/ /bəˈsaɪdz/ /bɪˈsaɪdz/ preposition
le cois
In addition to.
diomaite de seachas
Other than; except for; instead of.

besiege /bəˈsiːd͡ʒ/ v
imdhruid

best /ˈbɛst/ bests n
dícheall
(uncountable) The supreme effort one can make, or has made.

best friend best friends n
dlúthchara príomhchara
An especially close and trusted friend.

best man best men n
vaidhtéir
The primary attendant to the groom in a wedding ceremony.

best regards n
beir bua agus beannacht
(idiomatic) Used as a polite closing of a letter

best-case scenario best-case scenarios n
cas is fearr
Any situation or conclusion which could not be any better; the best possible outcome.

beta /ˈbeɪtə/ /ˈbiːtə/ /ˈbɛtə/ betas n
béite
The second letter of the Greek alphabet (Β, β), preceded by alpha (Α, α) and followed by gamma, (Γ, γ). In modern Greek it represents the voiced labiodental fricative sound of v found in the English words have and vase.

betatron betatrons n
béiteatrón
(physics) A form of cyclotron used to accelerate electrons to high speed.

betroth /bəˈtɹoʊð/ /bəˈtɹəʊð/ v
geall
To promise to give in marriage.
luaigh le
To promise to take (as a future spouse); to plight one's troth to.

betrothal /bəˈtɹoʊ.ðəl/ /bəˈtɹəʊ.ðəl/ betrothals n
cleamhnas
The fact of being betrothed; a mutual promise, engagement, or contract for a future marriage between two people.

betrothed /bɪˈtɹəʊðd/ /bɪˈtɹəʊθt/ v
dálta geallta luaite
past of betroth

better /ˈbɛtə/ /ˈbɛtəɹ/ [ˈbeɾɐ] [ˈbeɾə] [ˈbeʔə] [ˈbɛtʰə] [ˈbɛtʰɚ~ˈbɛθ̠ɚ~ˈbɛt̪ɚ] [ˈbɛɾɚ] [ˈbɛʔɚ~ˈbɛʔəɾ] adj
níos fearr
Healed or recovered from an injury or illness.

better late than never adv
is fearr déanaí ná ródhéanaí is fearr go deireanach ná go brách is fearr go mall ná go brách
It is better to do something late, than to never do it at all.

between /bəˈtwin/ /bɪˈtwin/ /bɪˈtwiːn/ [bɪˈtʰwin] preposition
idir
In the position or interval that separates (two things), or intermediate in quantity or degree. (See Usage notes below.)

between Scylla and Charybdis /bəˈtwiːn.ˈsɪlə.ænd.kəˈɹɪbdɪs/ /bəˈtwiːn.ˈsɪləɹ.ænd.kəˈɹɪbdɪs/
amach as na muineacha is isteach sna driseacha
(idiomatic) Between two dangers.

bevel /ˈbɛv.əl/ bevels n
faobhar beibhealta
An edge that is canted, one that is not a 90-degree angle; a chamfer.

bewilderment /bɪˈwɪldəmənt/ /bɪˈwɪldəɹmənt/ bewilderments n
cíor thuathail
A confusing or perplexing situation.

bewitched /bɪˈwɪt͡ʃt/ more bewitched most bewitched adj
draoighonta
Under a spell; subject to an act of witchcraft.
(Of a person) entranced, charmed, fascinated, as though subject to a magical influence.

bewitching /bəˈwɪt͡ʃɪŋ/ more bewitching most bewitching adj
meallacach
Enchanting.

beyond /biˈ(j)ɑnd/ /bɪˈjɒnd/ /bɪˈjɛnd/ preposition
le cois
In addition to; supplementing.

bi- /baɪ-/ /bɪ-/ prefix
dé-
Every two; a rate of once every two.

biannual /baɪˈænjuəl/ /bʌɪˈanjuːəl/ adj
leathbhliantúil
Occurring twice a year; semiannual.

biased /ˈbaɪəst/ more biased most biased adj
claonta laofa leataobhach
Exhibiting bias; prejudiced.

biathlon /-lɒn/ /baɪˈæθlən/ /baɪˈæθˌlɑn/ biathlons n
dé-atlan
(winter sports, uncountable) Racing combining cross-country skiing and rifle shooting; (countable) a particular instance of such a race.

biaxial adj
dé-aiseach
(mathematics, astronomy) Having two axes of rotation and two planes of symmetry (e.g. having the shape of a spheroid)

bib /bɪb/ bibs n
bráidín
An item of clothing for people (especially babies) tied around their neck to protect their clothes from getting dirty when eating.
bibe sciúlán
The upper part of an apron or overalls.

bible /ˈbaɪbəl/ bibles n
bíobla
(by extension) A comprehensive manual that describes something, or a publication with a loyal readership.

biblio- prefix
bibli-
book

bibliography /bɪbliɒɡɹəfi/ bibliographies n
leabharliosta
A section of a written work containing citations, not quotations, to all the books referred to in the work.
A list of books or documents relevant to a particular subject or author.
bibleagrafaíocht leabhareolaíocht
The study of the history of books in terms of their classification, printing and publication.

bibliology bibliologies n
bibleagrafaíocht leabhareolaíocht
The study of the history of books and the art of printing.

bibliophile bibliophiles n
leabharbhách
One who loves books.

bicarbonate bicarbonates n
décharbónáit
(organic compound) the univalent anion HCO3-; any salt of carbonic acid in which only one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced. [from 1814]
sodium bicarbonate used as a mild antacid; bicarbonate of soda

bicycle /ˈbaɪsɪk(ə)l/ /ˈbʌɪsɪkəl/ bicycles n
rothar
A vehicle that has two wheels, one behind the other, a steering handle, and a saddle seat or seats and is usually propelled by the action of a rider’s feet upon pedals.

biennial /baɪˈɛn.i.əl/ adj
débhliantúil
Happening every two years.
Lasting for two years.

biennial /baɪˈɛn.i.əl/ biennials n
débhliantóg
A plant that requires two years to complete its life-cycle, germinating and growing in its first year, then producing its flowers and fruit in its second year, after which it usually dies.

bier /bɪə/ /bɪɚ/ biers n
cróchar
A litter to transport the corpse of a dead person.

bifoliate adj
dédhuilleach
(botany) Having exactly two leaves. Compare bifoliolate, having two leaflets per leaf.

big /bɪɡ/ bigger biggest adj
mór
Of great size, large.

big bang big bangs n
ollphléasc
(astrophysics) An explosion giving rise to a universe.

big cheese big cheeses n
boc mór
(idiomatic) A very important figure, especially a high-ranking person in an organization.

big mouth big mouths n
béalastán cabaire
(idiomatic) A person who talks too much, especially by making exaggerated claims or by inappropriately revealing information.

big toe big toes n
ordóg ordóg coise
(anatomy) The largest toe (usually) on each human foot (i.e. the toe closest to the other foot when the feet are flat on the ground, side by side, and the legs not crossed) or on a foot of certain other animals.

bigamist /ˈbɪɡəmɪst/ bigamists n
biogamach déchéileach
One who practices bigamy.

bigamous /ˈbɪɡəməs/ more bigamous most bigamous adj
biogamach déchéileach
(of a marriage) involving bigamy
(of a spouse) guilty of bigamy

bigamy /ˈbɪɡəmi/ bigamies n
biogamacht déchéileachas
The state of having two (legal or illegal) spouses simultaneously.

bighearted more bighearted most bighearted adj
mórchroíoch
Noble, kind and generous

bighorn sheep bighorn sheep n
caora mhóradharcach
Certain North American species of sheep

bigmouthed more bigmouthed most bigmouthed adj
mórbhéalach
(of a person) Loud or talkative, especially in an indiscreet manner.

bigwig /ˈbɪɡ.wɪɡ/ bigwigs n
boc mór
(jocular) A person of importance to a group or organization.

bijective adj
détheilgeach
(mathematics, of a function) Associating to each element of the codomain exactly one element of the domain; establishing a perfect (one-to-one) correspondence between the elements of the domain and the codomain. (formally) Both injective and surjective.

bilabial /baɪ.ˈleɪ.bi.əl/ adj
déliopach
(phonetics) Articulated with both lips.

bilabial /baɪ.ˈleɪ.bi.əl/ bilabials n
déliopach
(phonetics) A speech sound articulated with both lips.

bilateral /baɪˈlætəɹəl/ more bilateral most bilateral adj
déshleasach déthaobhach
Having two sides.
déthaobhach
Involving both sides equally.

bilberry /ˈbɪlb(ə)ɹɪ/ bilberries n
fraochán
Vaccinium myrtillus, the wild European blueberry of the cowberry family.

bilby /ˈbɪlbiː/ bilbies n
bilbí
An Australian desert marsupial (Macrotis lagotis), with distinctive large ears and approximately the size of a rabbit.

bile /baɪl/ biles n
domlas
A bitter brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow secretion produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and discharged into the duodenum where it aids the process of digestion.

bile duct bile ducts n
ducht domlais
(anatomy) Any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile.

bilgewater /ˈbɪld͡ʒwɔtɚ/ bilgewaters n
bodharuisce uisce ruma
(nautical) Water which collects in the bilges of a ship.

bili- /bɪli/ /bɪlɪ/ prefix
bili-
(anatomy, medicine) Relating to bile ducts.

bilingual /baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡju.əl/ /baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ adj
dátheangach
Having the ability to speak two languages fluently.
Spoken or written in two different languages.

bilingualism bilingualisms n
dátheangachas
The condition of being bilingual; the ability to speak two languages.

bilious /ˈbɪl.i.əs/ /ˈbɪl.jəs/ more bilious most bilious adj
domlasta
Of or pertaining to something containing or consisting of bile.
confach
Peevishly ill-humored, irritable or bad tempered; irascible.

bilirubin /bɪlɪˈɹuːbɪn/ bilirubins n
bilearúibin
(biochemistry) A bile pigment that is a product of the breakdown of the heme portion of hemoglobin (which occurs within macrophages as they digest red blood cells), and which is responsible for the yellowish color seen in bruises. Extremely high levels of bilirubin may cause jaundice.

biliverdin biliverdins n
biliveirdin
(biochemistry) A green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment, a product of heme catabolism, responsible for the greenish color sometimes seen in bruises.

bill /bɪl/ [bɪo̯] [bɪɫ] [bɪʊ̯] bills n
bille
A written list or inventory. (Now obsolete except in specific senses or set phrases; bill of lading, bill of goods, etc.)
A document, originally sealed; a formal statement or official memorandum. (Now obsolete except with certain qualifying words; bill of health, bill of sale etc.)
A draft of a law, presented to a legislature for enactment; a proposed or projected law.
(obsolete, law) A declaration made in writing, stating some wrong the complainant has suffered from the defendant, or a fault committed by some person against a law.
A written note of goods sold, services rendered, or work done, with the price or charge; an invoice.
gob
The beak of a bird, especially when small or flattish; sometimes also used with reference to a platypus, turtle, or other animal.
halbard
Any of various bladed or pointed hand weapons, originally designating an Anglo-Saxon sword, and later a weapon of infantry, especially in the 14th and 15th centuries, commonly consisting of a broad, heavy, double-edged, hook-shaped blade, with a short pike at the back and another at the top, attached to the end of a long staff.

bill of exchange bills of exchange n
bille malairte
(banking) A document demanding payment from another party, especially used in international trade.

bill of lading bills of lading n
bille luchtaithe
(shipping) A document issued by a carrier (e.g. master of a ship or the ship owner's agent) to a shipper listing a ship's cargo, acknowledging receipt of said cargo, and specifying terms for its delivery.

billhook billhooks n
bileog corrán halbard
An agricultural hand tool often with a curved or hooked end to the blade used for pruning or cutting thick, woody plants.
(written as bill-hook) A part of the knotting mechanism in a reaper-binder or baler (agricultural machinery).

billiards /ˈbɪl.jɚdz/ /ˈbɪlɪədz/ n
billéardaí
(games, British) A two-player cue sport played with two cue balls and one red ball, on a snooker sized table.

billion /ˈbɪljən/ billions numeral
míle milliún
(US, modern British & Australian, short scale) a thousand million (logic: 1,000 × 1,0002): 1 followed by nine zeros, 109; a milliard

billy goat billy goats n
boc poc gabhair pocán
(childish) A male goat.

binary star binary stars n
déréalta
(astronomy) A stellar system in which two stars orbit around their center of mass; double star.

bind /baɪnd/ v
cuibhrigh
(transitive) To tie or fasten tightly together, with a cord, band, ligature, chain, etc.

binding /ˈbaɪndɪŋ/ bindings n
cumhdach
The spine of a book where the pages are held together.
(sewing) A finishing on a seam or hem of a garment.
(programming) The association of a named item with an element of a program.

binge drinker binge drinkers n
óltóir ragúis
One who engages in binge drinking.

binge drinking n
ragús óil
The consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol in a short period of time.

binge eating disorder n
neamhord ithe ragús
(medicine) Recurrent binge eating, but without the purging associated with bulimia nervosa.

binocular /bɪˈnɒkjʊlɚ/ adj
déshúileach
Using two eyes or viewpoints; especially, using two eyes or viewpoints to ascertain distance.

binocular vision n
amharc déshúileach
(physiology) A vision system in which two eyes work together to produce a unified field of view which is wider and stereoscopic, and in which objects can be more readily discerned.

binoculars /ˈbənˌɒk.jə.lə(ɹ)z/ /ˈbɪnˌɒk.jʊ.lə(ɹ)z/ n
déshúiligh gloiní
A hand-held device consisting of a series of lenses and prisms, used to magnify objects so that they can be better seen from a distance, and looked at through both eyes.

bio- prefix
bith-
life

bioaccumulation bioaccumulations n
bithbhailiú
(biology) The process by which substances accumulate in the tissues of living organisms; used especially of toxic substances that accumulate via a food chain.

bioavailability bioavailabilities n
bith-infhaighteacht
(pharmacology, nutrition) The amount of drug or nutrient which reaches the site of physiological activity after administration.

biobank biobanks n
bithbhanc
(biology) Any of several types of repository of biological material (e.g. seeds) or information (e.g. DNA).

biochemical /ˌbaɪəʊˈkɛmɪkəl/ adj
bithcheimiceach
of, or relating to biochemistry
characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical processes in living organisms

biochemistry /ˌbaɪəʊˈkɛmɪstɹi/ biochemistries n
bithcheimic
(uncountable) The chemistry of those compounds that occur in living organisms, and the processes that occur in their metabolism and catabolism

biocide /ˈbaɪoʊsaɪd/ /ˈbaɪəʊsaɪd/ biocides n
bithicíd
Any action or substance that can destroy living organisms.

bioclastic more bioclastic most bioclastic adj
bithchlastach
(geology) Describing a sedimentary rock that is composed of the remains of small organisms
(geology) Describing a form of erosion or formation caused by the action of living organisms

bioclimatology n
bithchlíomeolaíocht
The interdisciplinary field of science that studies the interactions between the biosphere and the Earth's atmosphere on time scales of the order of seasons or longer (in opposition to biometeorology).

biocoenosis biocoenoses n
bithchéanóis
(biology) A community of interacting organisms that form a natural ecological unit.

biodegradation biodegradations n
bithmhilleadh
The decomposition of any material by microorganisms.

biodegrade v
bith-dhíghrádaigh
to decompose as a result of biological action, especially by microorganisms

biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdɑɪˈvɚsəti/ /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/ /ˌbaɪə(ʊ)daɪˈvɜːsɪti/ [-ɾi] biodiversities n
bithéagsúlacht
(ecology) The diversity (number and variety of species) of plant and animal life within a region.

bioenergy bioenergies n
bithfhuinneamh
Energy produced from a biological resource such as biomass as biofuel.

bioethics n
bitheitic
(ethics) The branch of ethics that studies the implications of biological and biomedical advances.

biofeedback biofeedbacks n
bith-aiseolas
(psychology, psychiatry, physiology) A technique of gaining greater awareness of the many physiological functions of one's own body by using electronic or other instruments, and with the goal of being able to manipulate the body's systems at will.

biofuel /ˈbaɪ.əʊˌfjʊ(.ə)l/ biofuels n
bithbhreosla
Any fuel that is obtained from a renewable biological resource, especially from biomass.

biogenesis /-nɪ-/ /baɪoʊ-/ /baɪə-/ /biːoʊ-/ /biːə-/ /bʌɪə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnəsɪs/ /ˌbaioʊˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/ biogeneses n
bithghineas prionsabal an bhithghinis
The principle that living organisms are produced only from other living organisms.

biogenic adj
bithghineach

biogeochemistry n
bithgheoiceimic
(biology, geology, chemistry, ecology) The scientific study of biological, geological and chemical processes in the natural environment and especially of their mutual relationships

biogeography biogeographies n
bithgheografaíocht bitíreolaíocht
(biology, geography, uncountable) The study of the geographical distribution of living things.

biographer biographers n
beathaisnéisí
The writer of a biography; a professional writer of biographies.

biographical more biographical most biographical adj
beathaisnéiseach
of or relating to an account of a person's life

biography /baɪˈɑɡɹəfi/ /baɪˈɒɡɹəfi/ biographies n
beathaisnéis
A person's life story, especially one published.

biohazard biohazards n
bithghuais
A biological hazard; a source of risk due to some biological factor such as bacteria or human waste.

bioherm bioherms n
bith-heirm
(geology) A mass of rock constructed from the remains of marine organisms such as coral or algae, especially in a mound or dome shape.

bioimaging n
bithíomháú
(biology) the imaging of biological materials, especially by the use of microscopy

bioinformatics /ˌbaɪoʊˌɪnfɚˈmætɪks/ /ˌbaɪəʊˌɪnfəˈmætɪks/ n
bithfhaisnéisíocht
(biology, computer science) A field of science in which biology, computer science, and information technology merge into a single discipline to analyse biological information using computers and statistical techniques.

biological /ˌbaɪ.ə(ʊ)ˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ adj
bitheolaíoch bitheolaíochta
Of or relating to biology.

biologist /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/ biologists n
bitheolaí
A student of biology; one versed in the science of biology.

biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /baɪˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/ /baɪˌɑl(ə)ˈd͡ʒi/ biologies n
bitheolaíocht
The study of all life or living matter.

bioluminescence /ˌbaɪ̯oʊ̯ˌluməˈnɛsəns/ bioluminescences n
bithlonracht
(biology, biochemistry) The emission of light by a living organism (such as a firefly).

biomass /ˈbaɪoʊˌmæs/ /ˈbaɪə(ʊ)mæs/ biomasses n
bithmhais
The total mass of all, or a specified category of, living things within a specific area, habitat, etc.
Organic matter from living things which were recently alive (especially vegetation) used as a fuel or source of energy, especially if cultivated for that purpose; also, fuel produced from such organic matter; biofuel.

biomaterial biomaterials n
bithábhar
A nonviable, biocompatible material used in a medical device, intended to interact with biological systems or to evaluate, treat, augment, or replace any tissue, organ, or function of the body.

biome /ˈbaɪ.oʊm/ biomes n
bithóm
Any major regional biological community such as that of forest or desert.

biomechanics n
bithmheicnic
(biology, physics) The branch of biophysics that deals with the mechanics of the human or animal body; especially concerned with muscles and the skeleton.

biomedicine biomedicines n
bithleigheas
The branch of medicine that studies the effects of environmental stress on organisms (most often in space travel).

biometric /ˌbaɪ.oʊˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ adj
bithmhéadrach
Of, relating to, or using biometrics.

biometrics n
bithmhéadracht
The automated measurement of biological data.

biometry biometries n
bithmhéadracht
The analysis of biological statistics; biostatistics.

biomorphism n
bithmhorfacht
(arts) A surrealist art movement of the twentieth century that focuses on the power of natural life and uses organic shapes, with shapeless and vaguely spherical hints of the forms of biology.

bionics /ˈbaɪˌɒnɪks/ n
bitheonaic
The design of engineering systems, especially electronic ones, based on that of biological systems.

biophysics n
bithfhisic
The interdisciplinary science that applies theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology.

bioplastic bioplastics n
bithphlaisteach
Any form of synthetic polymer, similar to normal plastic, made from renewable biomass sources such as plant sugars, starches, or oils, rather than from petroleum.

biopsy /ˈbaɪɑpsi/ biopsies n
bithóipse
The removal and examination of a sample of tissue, cells, or bodily fluid from a living body for diagnostic purposes.

biopyribole biopyriboles n
bithphireaból
(mineral) Any of the rock-forming minerals pyroxene, amphibole, and mica.

bioreactor bioreactors n
bith-imoibreoir
(biochemistry) A vat or pressure vessel, containing microorganisms or biochemically active substances, used for biotechnological processes such as fermentation, waste recycling, or making drugs.

biorefinery biorefineries n
bithscaglann
(uncountable) The coproduction of a range of biologically-based products (food, feed, materials, chemicals) and energy (fuels, power, heat) from biomass.
(countable) A facility that carries out such production.

biorepository biorepositories n
bithbhanc
(biology) a long-term storage and conservation facility for biological specimens

biosafety /baɪ.ɑˈseɪf.tiː/ n
bithshábháilteacht
protection from potential harm from biological agents, such as infectious microbes or modified genes.

biosatellite biosatellites n
bithshatailít
an artificial satellite that is designed to carry humans or other organisms

biosphere /ˈbaɪəʊˌsfɪə(ɹ)/ biospheres n
bithsféar

biostratigraphy n
bithstratagrafaíocht
(biology, geology) The study of the stratigraphic distribution of fossils.

biostrome biostromes n
bithstróm
(geology) A horizontally bedded stratum of fossilized remains of sedentary organisms

biosynthesis /ˌbaɪoʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/ biosyntheses n
bithshintéis
(biochemistry) The synthesis of organic compounds within a living organism, especially the synthesis of large compounds from small ones.

biotechnology /ˈbaɪəʊˌtɛk.nɒl.əʊ.dʒi/ biotechnologies n
biteicneolaíocht
The use of living organisms (especially microorganisms) in industrial, agricultural, medical and other technological applications.
The application of the principles and practices of engineering and technology to the life sciences.

biotic /baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ adj
bitheach
(biology) Of, pertaining to, or produced by life or living organisms

bioturbation bioturbations n
bithchumhscú
(geology) The mixing of soil or sediment by living organisms.

bipartite /baɪˈpɑːtaɪt/ adj
dúbailte
Having two parts.

biphobia /ˈbaɪˌfoʊbi.ə/ /ˈbaɪˌfəʊbiːə/ n
bifóibe
Antipathy towards bisexuals.

biphobic /baɪˈfoʊbɪk/ more biphobic most biphobic adj
bifóbach
Exhibiting or characteristic of biphobia.

bipolar disorder bipolar disorders n
síocóis mháindúlagrach
(clinical psychology, psychiatry) A psychiatric diagnostic category, previously called manic depression, characterised by mood swings between great energy (mania) and clinical depression.

birch /bɜːtʃ/ /bɝt͡ʃ/ birches n
beith
A hard wood taken from the birch tree, typically used to make furniture.
A stick, rod or bundle of twigs made from birch wood, used for punishment.

bird /bɘːd/ /bɜd/ /bɜɹd/ /bɜːd/ [bəɪd] [bɝˑɖ] birds n
éan
A member of the class of animals Aves in the phylum Chordata, characterized by being warm-blooded, having feathers and wings usually capable of flight, having a beaked mouth, and laying eggs.

bird cherry bird cherries n
donnroisc
Any of several species of cherry trees sometimes grouped in the subgenus Prunus subg. Padus or section Prunus sect. Laurocerasus of Prunus subg. Cerasus.

bird of ill omen birds of ill omen n
éan mí-áidh
A person who brings bad news.

bird of paradise birds of paradise n
éan parthais
Any of various passerine birds of the family Paradisaeidae native to Oceania. In many of the species the breeding plumage of the males is brightly coloured.

birdcage birdcages n
éanadán
(countable) A cage to keep pet or zoological specimen birds in.

birdcatcher birdcatchers n
gaisteoir éan
Someone who catches or ensnares birds; a fowler.

birdhouse /bɝdhaʊs/ birdhouses n
teachín éan
A small house for birds.

birdlime /ˈbɜːdlaɪm/ /ˈbɝdlaɪm/ n
glae glas
A sticky substance smeared on branches to catch birds.

birds of a feather n
bráithre aon cheirde
(idiomatic) People having similar characters, backgrounds, interests, or beliefs.

birds of a feather flock together proverb
is bách iad lucht aon cheirde
(idiomatic) People of similar character, background or taste tend to congregate or associate with one another; it is easier to establish friendships with people that one has a lot in common with.

birdwatching /ˈbɜː(ɹ)dˌwɒtʃ.ɪŋ/ n
éanbhreathnú
Observing or identifying wild birds in their natural environment.

biretta birettas n
birréad
A square cap, originally with four ridges across the top, surmounted by a tuft, worn by Roman Catholic clergy (and by some in the Anglican Church). A three-sided biretta is worn by Roman Catholic clergy for liturgical celebrations.

birthday /ˈbɜːθ.deɪ/ /ˈbɜːθ.dɪ/ /ˈbɝθˌdeɪ/ birthdays n
breithlá lá breithe
The anniversary of the day on which something is created.

birthmark birthmarks n
ball broinne comhartha broinne
A mark on the skin formed before birth.

birthplace /ˈbɝθˌpleɪs/ birthplaces n
áit bhreithe
The location where a person was born.

biscuit /ˈbis.kwɪt/ /ˈbɪskɪt/ biscuits n
briosca
(UK, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, sometimes, Canada, rare) A small, flat, baked good which is either hard and crisp or else soft but firm; a cookie.

bisexual /-sjʊ(ə)l/ /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(əw).əl/ /baɪˈsɛk.ʃ(ʊ)l/ /baɪˈsɛk.ʃʊ.əl/ more bisexual most bisexual adj
déghnéasach
(of humans, or, other animals) Sexually attracted to both same-gendered and different-gendered partners. Similar to pansexual
(rare) Hermaphroditic/intersex, being both male and female, or alternating between being male and being female.

bisexual lighting /-sjʊ(ə)l-/ /-ʃ(ʊ)l-/ /baɪˌsɛkʃ(əw)əl ˈlaɪtɪŋ/ /baɪˌsɛkʃʊəl ˈlaɪtɪŋ/ [-ɾɪŋ] bisexual lightings n
soilsiú déghnéasach
(LGBT, often, art, film, television) The simultaneous use of pink, purple, and blue lighting, often to indicate bisexuality.

bishop /ˈbɪʃəp/ bishopess bishops n
easpag
(Christianity) An overseer of congregations: either any such overseer, generally speaking, or (in Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Anglicanism, etc.) an official in the church hierarchy (actively or nominally) governing a diocese, supervising the church's priests, deacons, and property in its territory.
(chess) The chess piece denoted ♗ or ♝ which moves along diagonal lines and developed from the shatranj alfil ("elephant") and was originally known as the aufil or archer in English.

bismuth /ˈbɪz.məθ/ bismuths n
biosmat
A chemical element (symbol Bi) with an atomic number of 83: a brittle silvery-white metal.

bison /ˈbaɪ̯sən/ /ˈbaɪ̯zən/ bison bisons bisontes n
bíosún bíosún Meiriceánach
A large, wild bovid of the genus Bison.

bisulfate bisulfates n
déshulfáit
(inorganic chemistry) The univalent anion HSO4-.

bisulfite bisulfites n
déshuilfít
(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) The univalent group -HSO3, or any salt containing it.

bit /bɪt/ bits n
béalbhach
A piece of metal placed in a horse's mouth and connected to the reins to direct the animal.
giotán
(mathematics, computing) A binary digit, generally represented as a 1 or 0.
(computing) The smallest unit of storage in a digital computer, consisting of a binary digit.
ruainne
A small amount of something.

bit by bit adv
ó ghiota go giota
A small amount at a time

bite /baɪt/ v
bain greim as bain plaic as bain sclamh as
(intransitive) To attack with the teeth.

biting midge biting midges n
míoltóg ghéar
Any Ceratopogonidae, a family of small flies (1-4 mm long) in the order Diptera.

bitstock bitstocks n
bíomal
A hand tool consisting of a crank which holds a fitted rotating drill bit tip, designed to bore holes in rigid materials, by cutting a disc in a spiral fashion.

bitt bitts n
ceap ceangail
(nautical) A bollard.

bitter /ˈbɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɪtɚ/ [ˈbɪtʰə] [ˈbɪɾɚ] [ˈbɪʔə] bitterer bitterest more bitter most bitter adj
searbh domlasta goirt
Having an acrid taste (usually from a basic substance).
domlasta
Cynical and resentful.

bittern /ˈbɪtən/ /ˈbɪtəɹn/ bitterns n
bonnán
Several bird species in the Botaurinae subfamily of the heron family Ardeidae.

bittersweet /ˈbɪtɚˌswit/ /ˌbɪtɚˈswit/ [ˈbɪɾɚˌswiʔt̚] bittersweets n
dréimire gorm fuath gorm
Bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara).

bivalve /ˈbaɪvælv/ bivalves n
débhlaoscach déchomhlach
Any mollusc belonging to the taxonomic class Bivalvia, characterized by a shell consisting of two hinged sections, such as a scallop, clam, mussel or oyster.

black /blæk/ blacker blackest more black most black adj
dubh
(of an object) Absorbing all light and reflecting none; dark and hueless.
(of objects, markets, etc) Illegitimate, illegal, or disgraced.
Clandestine; relating to a political, military, or espionage operation or site, the existence or details of which is withheld from the general public.
gorm dubh
(US, UK, South Africa) Belonging to or descended from any of various sub-Saharan African ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin.
(sometimes capitalized) Belonging to or descended from any of various (African, Aboriginal, etc) ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin. (See usage notes below.)
(board games, chess) Of or relating to the playing pieces of a board game deemed to belong to the "black" set (in chess, the set used by the player who moves second) (often regardless of the pieces' actual colour).
Occult; relating to something (such as mystical or magical knowledge) which is unknown to or kept secret from the general public.
(taxonomy, especially) Dark in comparison to another species with the same base name.

black /blæk/ blacks n
dubh
(countable, and, uncountable) The colour/color perceived in the absence of light, but also when no light is reflected, but rather absorbed.
(countable, and, uncountable) A black dye or pigment.
(countable) A pen, pencil, crayon, etc., made of black pigment.
(British, countable) A type of firecracker that is really more dark brown in colour.
duine gorm dubh
(sometimes capitalised, countable, often, offensive) A member of descendant of any of various (African, Aboriginal, etc) ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin. (See usage notes.)
(in chess and similar games, countable) The person playing with the black set of pieces.
A dark smut fungus, harmful to wheat.

black alder black alders n
fearnóg
(countable, uncountable) A tree (Alnus glutinosa), of many practical uses, growing in moist conditions in Europe.

black bile n
lionn dubh

black box black boxes n
bosca dubh
(informal, aviation) A flight recorder; the brightly colored cockpit voice recorders and flight data recorders in an aircraft designed to aid in determining the cause of an accident.
A theoretical construct or device with known input and output characteristics but unknown method of operation.

black chanterelle black chanterelles n
troimpéad an phúca
An edible mushroom

black dwarf black dwarfs n
abhac dubh
(astronomy) A hypothesized white dwarf that has cooled down and no longer emits visible light.

black eye black eyes n
súil dhubh
A periorbital hematoma; a visible bruise surrounding a person's eye; an assault causing such a bruise; the eye involved.

black grouse /ˈblæk ɡɹɑʊs/ black grouses n
liathchearc
A large, black bird with a lyre-shaped tail, Lyrurus tetrix (syn. Tetrao tetrix).

black hole /blæk ˈhoʊl/ /blæk ˈhəʊl/ black holes n
dúpholl
(astronomy) A gravitationally domineering celestial body with an event horizon from which even light cannot escape; the most dense material in the universe, condensed into a singularity, usually formed by a collapsing massive star. [from 20th c.]

black ice n
oighear dubh
A smooth, barely visible, and dangerously slippery film of ice, usually over a dark surface, such as rock or pavement.

black locust black locusts n
crann lócaiste
A tree, Robinia pseudoacacia, in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae, native to the southeastern United States, but widely planted and naturalized elsewhere in temperate North America, Europe and Asia; considered an invasive species in some areas.

black lung n
scamhóg dhubh
(disease) A chronic disease of the lungs caused by the long-term inhalation of coal dust.

black magic n
dubhealaín ealaín dhubh
Magic derived from evil forces, as distinct from good or benign forces; or magic performed with the intention of doing harm.

black market black markets n
margadh dubh
Trade that is in violation of restrictions, rationing, or price controls.
(collective) The people who engage in such trade, or that sector of the economy.

black pepper n
piobar dubh
The dried, unripe berries (peppercorns) of the Piper nigrum plant which are commonly used as a spice and seasoning. They are either used whole, or in a ground or crushed form.

black pudding black puddings n
lúbán dubh putóg dhubh

black redstart black redstarts n
earrdheargán dubh
A small passerine bird, Phoenicurus ochruros, from south and central Europe

black rhinoceros black rhinoceros black rhinoceroses n
srónbheannach dubh Afracach
A rhinoceros, of species Diceros bicornis, in the family Rhinocerotidae.

black swan /blæk ˈswɑn/ /blæk ˈswɒn/ black swans n
eala dhubh
Cygnus atratus, a swan with black plumage and a red bill which is endemic to Australia. [from c. 1700]

black tea black teas n
tae dubh
Tea leaves which have been "fermented" (actually, oxidized) before drying to enhance their flavour (cf. green tea).

black tern black terns n
geabhróg dhubh
A small seabird (Chlidonias niger), of the tern family (Sternidae)

black widow black widows n
baintreach dhubh
Any of several species of venomous and potentially deadly spiders, particularly Latrodectus spp..

black woodpecker /ˈblækˈwʊdpɛkə(ɹ)/ black woodpeckers n
cnagaire dubh
Any of species Dryocopus martius of woodpeckers (family Picidae).

black-bellied plover black-bellied plovers n
feadóg ghlas
An Arctic bird, Pluvialis squatarola.

black-browed albatross black-browed albatrosses n
albatras dú-mhalach
Thalassarche melanophris, a large seabird in the albatross family.

black-crowned night heron black-crowned night herons n
corr oíche
A medium-sized heron, Nycticorax nycticorax, found throughout a large part of the world, except in the coldest regions and Australasia.

black-haired adj
ceanndubh cúldubh dubh dubhfholtach
having hair of a black color.

black-headed gull black-headed gulls n
sléibhín droimneach beag
A small gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus, which breeds in much of Europe and Asia, and also in coastal eastern Canada.

black-hearted more black-hearted most black-hearted adj
dúchroíoch
Having a wicked, malignant disposition; morally bad.

black-legged kittiwake black-legged kittiwakes n
saidhbhéar
A seabird species in the gull family Laridae, Rissa tridactyla.

black-necked grebe black-necked grebes n
foitheach píbdhubh
A freshwater bird, Podiceps nigricollis, of the grebe family (Podicipedidae)

blackberry /ˈblækbəɹi/ /ˈblækbɛɹi/ /ˈblækbɹi/ blackberries n
sméar dhubh
A fruit-bearing shrub of the aggregate species Rubus fruticosus and some hybrids.

blackberry /ˈblækbəɹi/ /ˈblækbɛɹi/ /ˈblækbɹi/ v
dul ag piocadh sméara dubha
To gather or forage for blackberries.

blackbird /ˈblakbəːd/ /ˈblækˌbɚd/ blackbirds n
lon dubh céirseach
A common true thrush, Turdus merula, found in woods and gardens over much of Eurasia, and introduced elsewhere.

blackboard /ˈblækboɹd/ /ˈblækbɔɹd/ /ˈblækbɔːd/ blackboards n
clár dubh
A large flat surface, finished with black slate or a similar material, that can be written upon with chalk and subsequently erased; a chalkboard.

blacken /ˈblækən/ v
dubhaigh
(transitive, causative) To make dirty.

blackfly blackflies n
cuil dhubh cuileog dhubh

blackish /ˈblækɪʃ/ more blackish most blackish adj
scothdhubh
somewhat black

blackjack /ˈblækd͡ʒæk/ blackjacks n
smachtín
(weapons) A small, flat, blunt, usually leather-covered weapon loaded with heavy material such as lead or ball bearings, intended to inflict a blow to the head that renders the victim unconscious with diminished risk of lasting cranial trauma.
(aviation) A tool of leather filled with shot (or similar), resembling the weapon, used for shaping sheet metal.

blacksmith /ˈblæk.smɪθ/ blacksmiths n
gabha gabha dubh
A person who forges iron.

blackthorn /ˈblækˌθɔɹn/ /ˈblækˌθɔːn/ blackthorns n
airneog draighean
A large shrub or small tree, Prunus spinosa, that is native to Europe, western Asia, and north Africa. It has a dark bark and bears thorns.

bladder /ˈblædə/ /ˈblædɚ/ bladders n
lamhnán
(zoology) A flexible sac that can expand and contract and that holds liquids or gases.

bladder campion bladder campions n
coireán na gcuach
A perennial European herb, Silene vulgaris, having an inflated calyx

blade /bleɪd/ blades n
brobh sifín
The narrow leaf of a grass or cereal.
scafaire
(dated) A dashing young man.

blame /bleɪm/ v
a an ar bí cur locht
(transitive, usually followed by "for") To assert or consider that someone is the cause of something negative; to place blame, to attribute responsibility (for something negative or for doing something negative).

blanch /blænt͡ʃ/ /blɑːnt͡ʃ/ v
bánaigh
(intransitive) To grow or become white.
(transitive, figuratively) To give a favorable appearance to; to whitewash; to whiten;

blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/ blankets n
blaincéad ciumhais pluid
A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually large and woollen, used for warmth while sleeping or resting.

blanketweed n
bratfhiaile
a filamentous alga often found in ponds

blaspheme /ˈblæs.fim/ /ˌblæsˈfiːm/ /ˌblɑːsˈfiːm/ v
diamhaslaigh
(intransitive) To commit blasphemy; to speak against God or religious doctrine.

blasphemer blasphemers n
blaisféimeoir diamhaslóir
One who commits blasphemy; a person who mocks or derides a deity or religion, or claims to be God.

blasphemous /ˈblæs.fəm.əs/ /ˈblæs.fəm.ʌs/ more blasphemous most blasphemous adj
blaisféimeach dia-aithiseach diamhaslach naomhaithiseach
Lacking piety or respect for the sacred. Resembling blasphemy.

blasphemy /ˈblæs.fə.mi/ blasphemies n
diamhasla blaisféim dia-aithis naomhaithis
An act of irreverence or contempt toward a god or toward something considered sacred; an impious act, utterance, view, etc.

blast /blæst/ /blɑːst/ blasts n
bleaist rois soinneán
A violent gust of wind.
blast
(cytology) An immature or undifferentiated cell (e.g., lymphoblast, myeloblast).
rois soinneán
A forcible stream of gas or liquid from an orifice, for example from a bellows, the mouth, etc.
pléasc
An explosive charge for blasting.

blast /blæst/ /blɑːst/ v
pléasc
(intransitive) To make a loud noise.
(transitive) To shatter, as if by an explosion.

blast furnace blast furnaces n
foirnéis soinneáin
(metallurgy) As above, but specifically such a furnace where the fuel and the ore are intermixed, as for example when coke and iron ore are burned together.

blastema blastemas blastemata n
blaistéama
(physiology) A clump of undifferentiated cells or blasts, from which an organ or body part will develop, either during the normal growth of an embryo or in the regeneration of a lost body part.

blasto- prefix
blasta-
bud; budding; germination

blastocoel blastocoels n
blastaicéal
The fluid-filled cavity in a blastula.

blastocyst blastocysts n
blastaicist
(biology) The mammalian blastula

blastoderm /ˈblæstəˌdɚm/ blastoderms n
blastaideirm
(embryology) The germination point in an ovum from which the embryo develops.

blastomere blastomeres n
blastaimír
(biology) Any cell that results from division of a fertilized egg.

blastopore blastopores n
blastapór
(embryology) The opening into the archenteron

blastula blastulae blastulas n
blastúl
(embryology) An early form in the development of an embryo, consisting of a spherical layer of cells filled with fluid; a blastosphere.

blaze /bleɪz/ v
las
(intransitive) To send forth or reflect a bright light; shine like a flame.

bleaching powder bleaching powders n
púdar tuaracháin
A white powder, a mixture of calcium hypochlorite and calcium chloride, prepared by the action of chlorine on calcium hydroxide, used as a strong bleaching agent and disinfectant. Formula: Ca(ClO)2.

bleak /bliːk/ bleaker bleakest adj
argail dearóil
Desolate and exposed; swept by cold winds.
dearóil
Unhappy; cheerless; miserable; emotionally desolate.

bleakness bleaknesses n
riteacht
The characteristic of being bleak.

bleed /ˈbliːd/ v
cuir fuil
(intransitive, of a person, animal or body part) To shed blood through an injured blood vessel.
fuiligh
(transitive) To let or draw blood from.

blemish /ˈblɛmɪʃ/ blemishes n
ainimh breall ceo cron cáim meann
A small flaw which spoils the appearance of something, a stain, a spot.
smál
A moral defect; a character flaw.

bless you /ˈblɛs juː/ interjection
Dia linn deiseal
(idiomatic) Said to someone who has just sneezed, as a polite remark.

blessing /ˈblɛs.ɪŋ/ blessings n
beannacht
Some kind of divine or supernatural aid, or reward.
A pronouncement invoking divine aid.
Good fortune.
The act of declaring or bestowing favor; approval.
Something someone is glad of.

blight /blaɪt/ blights n
dúchan
(pathology, dated) A diseased condition of the face or skin; specifically, bleeding under the conjunctiva of the eye, a form of skin rash, or a palsy of the face due to cold.

blight /blaɪt/ v
smol
(plant disease) To affect the fertility or growth of (a plant) with a blight (noun sense 1.1), especially one caused by a fungus; to blast, to mildew, to smut.

blind /blaɪnd/ blinder blindest adj
dall
(not comparable) Unable to see, or only partially able to see.
caoch
(not comparable) Closed at one end; having a dead end; exitless.
(not comparable) Having no openings for light or passage; both dark and exitless.

blind /blaɪnd/ blinds n
dallóg dallóg fuinneoige
A movable covering for a window to keep out light, made of cloth or of narrow slats that can block light or allow it to pass.

blind /blaɪnd/ v
caoch dall
(transitive) To make temporarily or permanently blind.

blind drunk adj
caoch ar meisce caoch ar na cannaí caochta dall ag an ól
So intoxicated as to appear to have difficulty seeing.

blind man's buff n
cluiche púicín
(Britain, games) A game where one person is blindfolded and tries to catch the other players.

blind spot blind spots n
caochspota
The place where the optic nerve attaches to the retina, and so where the retina cannot detect light.

blinding /ˈblaɪndɪŋ/ more blinding most blinding adj
dallraitheach dalltach gléineach scéiniúil
Very bright (as if to cause blindness).

blindness /ˈblaɪndnəs/ blindnesses n
daille
The condition of being blind; unable to see.

blister /ˈblɪstə(ɹ)/ /ˈblɪstɚ/ blisters n
pusca
clog spuaic
A small bubble between the layers of the skin that contains watery or bloody fluid and is caused by friction and pressure, burning, freezing, chemical irritation, disease, or infection.
clog
A bubble, as on a painted surface.

blister /ˈblɪstə(ɹ)/ /ˈblɪstɚ/ v
cloig a thógáil ar cloig a thógáil i spuaiceanna a thógáil ar
(intransitive) To have a blister form.

blizzard /ˈblɪ.zəd/ /ˈblɪ.zɚd/ blizzards n
síobadh sneachta
A large snowstorm accompanied by strong winds and greatly reduced visibility caused by blowing snow.

blob /blɑb/ /blɒb/ blobs n
daba
A shapeless or amorphous mass; a vague shape or amount, especially of a liquid or semisolid substance; a clump, group or collection that lacks definite shape.

block /blɑk/ /blɒk/ v
coisc
(transitive) To prevent (something or someone) from passing.
(transitive) To prevent (something from happening or someone from doing something).
(transitive, sports) To impede (an opponent or opponent's play).
(transitive, theater) To specify the positions and movements of the actors for (a section of a play or film).

block up v
iaigh
(transitive) To completely block or obstruct.

blockboard blockboards n
bloc-chlár
A compound wood board consisting of nearly square strips of softwood placed side by side and sandwiched between veneer panels, often of hardwood.

blockhead blockheads n
blocán ceann cipín ceann maide ceann máilléid cloigeann maide dundarlán
(colloquial) A stupid person.

blockmaker blockmakers n
blocadóir
A manufacturer of nautical blocks.

blog /blɑɡ/ /blɒɡ/ blogs n
blag
(Internet) A website that allows users to reflect, share opinions, and discuss various topics in the form of an online journal, sometimes letting readers comment on their posts. Most blogs are written in a slightly informal tone (personal journals, news, businesses, etc.)

blond /blɑnd/ /blɒnd/ blonder blondest more blond most blond adj
fionn
Of a bleached or pale golden (light yellowish) colour.
fionn barrbhuí barrfhionn buíbhán bán bánfholtach
(of a, person) Having blond hair.

blond /blɑnd/ /blɒnd/ blonds n
fionn bánach céibheann
A person with this hair color.

blood /blʊd/ /blʌd/ bloods n
fuil
A vital liquid flowing in the bodies of many types of animals that usually conveys nutrients and oxygen. In vertebrates, it is colored red by hemoglobin, is conveyed by arteries and veins, is pumped by the heart and is usually generated in bone marrow.
gaol fuil
A family relationship due to birth, such as that between siblings; contrasted with relationships due to marriage or adoption. (See blood relative, blood relation.)
sampla fola fuil
(medicine, countable) A blood test or blood sample.

blood /blʊd/ /blʌd/ v
cuir fuil
(transitive) To cause something to be covered with blood; to bloody.

blood bank blood banks n
banc fola
(medicine) a place where human blood or blood plasma is typed and stored for use in transfusions

blood cell blood cells n
cill fola coirpín fola fuilchill fuilchoirpín
(hematology, cytology) Any of the cells normally found in blood, namely erythrocytes and leukocytes, sometimes including the platelets.

blood clot blood clots n
téachtán fola
(hematology, pathology) A clot formed from platelets and other elements; that forms in a blood vessel in a living organism, and causes thrombosis or obstruction of the vessel at its point of formation or travel to other areas of the body.

blood is thicker than water proverb
gach díograis go deireadh is fearr beagán den ghaol ná mórán den charthanas
(family, idiomatic) Family relations and loyalties are stronger than relationships with people who are not family members.

blood orange blood oranges n
oráiste craorag
A type of orange (a variety of Citrus sinensis) notable for its dark, crimson red flesh.

blood plasma blood plasmas n
fuilphlasma plasma fola
(hematology) The clear fluid portion of blood in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended; forms serum upon clotting.

blood pressure /ˈblʌd ˌpɹɛʃə(ɹ)/ blood pressures n
brú fola
The pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries and veins; it varies during the heartbeat cycle, and according to a person's age, health and physical condition.

blood red more blood red most blood red adj
craorag
Of a deep vivid red color.

blood test blood tests n
tástáil fola
(medicine, hematology) A laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or by fingerprick.

blood transfusion blood transfusions n
fuilaistriú
(medicine) The taking of blood from one individual and inserting it or blood-based products into the circulatory system of another.

blood type /ˈblʌd taɪp/ blood types n
fuilghrúpa tíopáil fola
Any classification of human blood by the presence or absence of various antigens in a person’s red blood cells.
One of eight possible classifications within the ABO and Rh blood group systems, commonly used to determine a person's compatibility for blood transfusion.

blood vessel blood vessels n
fuileadán soitheach fola
(anatomy) A component of the circulatory system, such as an artery, capillary, or vein, that carries blood.

bloodcurdling more bloodcurdling most bloodcurdling adj
coscrach
Causing great horror or terror.

bloodhound /ˈblʌd.haʊnd/ bloodhounds n
madra fola
A large scenthound famed for its ability to follow a scent many days old, over vast distances. This dog is often used as a police dog to track missing people, fleeing suspects, or escaped prisoners.

bloodless more bloodless most bloodless adj
bán san aghaidh gan rian fola liathbhán neamhfholach
Lacking blood; ashen, anaemic.
gan foréigean gan mharú
Taking place without loss of blood.

bloodlessness n
neamhfholacht
The characteristic of being bloodless.

bloodletting bloodlettings n
cuisleoireacht foladóireacht ligean fola ródach tarraingt fola
(historical, medicine) The archaic practice of treating illness by removing some blood, believed to be tainted, from the stricken person.

bloodshed /ˈblʌdˌʃɛd/ bloodsheds n
doirteadh fola
(literally) The shedding or spilling of blood.
sreangshúil
(obsolete) A bloodshot condition or appearance; an effusion of blood in the eye.

bloodshot more bloodshot most bloodshot adj
sreangach
(of the eyes) Reddened and inflamed because of congested blood vessels.

bloodstained more bloodstained most bloodstained adj
fordhearg fuilsmeartha
Stained, spotted or otherwise discolored with blood.

bloodstone bloodstones n
cloch fhola
A green chalcedony that is sprinkled with red spots or veins of hematite.

bloodsucker bloodsuckers n
súmaire (fola)
An animal that drinks the blood of others, especially by sucking blood through a puncture wound; a hemovore.

bloodthirstiness n
cíocras fola fuilteacht
The characteristic of being bloodthirsty.

bloodthirsty /ˈblʌdˌθɚsti/ /ˈblʌdθəːsti/ bloodthirstier bloodthirstiest more bloodthirsty most bloodthirsty adj
fuilteach
Thirsty for blood: inexorably violent or eager for bloodshed; murderous.

bloody /ˈblɜ.ɖiː/ /ˈblʌ.diː/ /ˈbɫɐ.diː/ bloodier bloodiest adj
flann fordhearg fuilteach fuilí
Covered in blood.
crólinnteach dearg fuilteach
Characterised by bloodshed.

bloody /ˈblɜ.ɖiː/ /ˈblʌ.diː/ /ˈbɫɐ.diː/ v
corcraigh
(transitive) To draw blood from (one's opponent) in a fight.

blotchy blotchier blotchiest adj
ballach
Covered in blotches.

blotting paper n
páipéar súite
Absorbent paper used to dry ink.

blow /bloʊ/ /bləʊ/ blows n
béim cíonán
(uncommon) The act of striking or hitting.

blow /bloʊ/ /bləʊ/ v
séid
(intransitive) To produce an air current.
(transitive) To propel by an air current (or, if under water, a water current), usually with the mouth.
(intransitive) To be propelled by an air current.
(transitive) To create or shape by blowing.
(transitive) To cause to make sound by blowing, as a musical instrument.

blow a gasket v
spréach téigh ar an daoraí téigh ar mire
(informal) To become very angry or upset.

blow a kiss v
póg a shéideadh
(idiomatic) To kiss one's hand, then blow on it in a direction towards the recipient.

blow one's nose v
do shrón a shéideadh
To expel mucus or other matter from one's nasal passages, via one's nostril, by force of lung power.

blow up v
pléasc
(transitive, also, _, metaphorically) To cause (something or someone) to explode, or to destroy (something) or maim or kill (someone) by means of an explosion.

blower /ˈbləʊɚ/ blowers n
séidire
Any device that blows; often, especially, a furnace component or a supercharger.

blowfish blowfish blowfishes n
iasc balún
Any species of fish of the family Tetraodontidae that have the ability to inflate themselves to a globe several times their normal size by swallowing water or air when threatened.

blowhole /ˈbləʊhəʊl/ blowholes n
poll séidte
(marine biology) The spiracle, on the top of the head, through which cetaceans breathe.

blowjob /ˈbloʊd͡ʒɑb/ /ˈbləʊdʒɒb/ blowjobs n
jab diúlta diúl séideog
(sex, vulgar, slang) An act of fellatio, or sucking a penis or other phallic object (such as a dildo).

blowtorch /ˈbloʊˌtoɹt͡ʃ/ /ˈbləʊˌtɔːtʃ/ blowtorches n
séidlampa
A tool which projects a controlled stream of a highly flammable gas over a spark in order to produce a controlled flame.

blubber /ˈblʊbə/ /ˈblʊbəɹ/ /ˈblʌbə/ /ˈblʌbəɹ/ /ˈblʌbɚ/ blubbers n
blonag
A fatty layer of adipose tissue found immediately beneath the epidermis.
The thick coat of fat worn by many Arctic animals, such as sea lions, and Antarctic animals, such as penguins; used to insulate warmth in the animal's body.

bludgeon /ˈblʌd͡ʒ.ən/ bludgeons n
smachtín
A short, heavy club, often of wood, which is thicker or loaded at one end.

blue /bljuː/ /bluː/ /blɪʊ̯/ bluer bluest more blue most blue adj
gorm
(particle physics) Having a color charge of blue.

blue /bljuː/ /bluː/ /blɪʊ̯/ blues n
gorm
Anything coloured blue, especially to distinguish it from similar objects differing only in color.

blue giant blue giants n
fathach gorm
(star) a very hot and very luminous star that emits visible light in the blue portion of the spectrum

blue jay blue jays n
scréachóg ghorm
Any of species Cyanocitta cristata of North American jays with blue feathering from the top of its head to midway down its back.

blue jet blue jets n
scaird ghorm
(astronomy, meteorology) An upper atmospheric optical phenomenon associated with thunderstorms, a rapidly expanding disk-shaped region of luminosity, lasting less than a thousandth of a second, which occurs high above energetic cloud-to-ground lightning of positive or negative polarity.

blue shark blue sharks n
siorc gorm
A long blue shark, resembling a great white shark but smaller, of the species Prionace glauca.

blue supergiant blue supergiants n
ollfhathach gorm
(star) a very large, hot and luminous star; a large blue giant

blue-collar more blue-collar most blue-collar adj
bóna gorm
Working class; engaged or trained in essentially manual labor.
Pertaining to the culture of blue-collar workers.

blue-eyed adj
gormshúileach
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see blue,‎ eyed (or eye, -ed).

blue-gray more blue-gray most blue-gray adj
glas
Of a bluish grey color.

blue-ringed octopus blue-ringed octopi blue-ringed octopodes blue-ringed octopuses n
ochtapas gormfháinneach

bluebell bluebells n
coinnle corra coinnle corra Spáinneacha
Various flowering plants with blue, usually pendulous, flowers.
méaracán gorm
Scottish bluebell (harebell) (Campanula rotundifolia)

blueberry /ˈblu.ˌbɛ.ɹi/ /ˈbluːb(ə)ɹi/ blueberries n
fraochán gorm
(countable) An edible round berry, belonging to the cowberry group (Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus), with flared crowns at the end, that turns blue on ripening.
(countable) The shrub of the above-mentioned berry.
(countable, and, uncountable) A dark blue colour.

bluebird bluebirds n
gormóg
Any of various North American birds of the genus Sialia in the thrush family. Their plumage is blue or blue and red.

bluefish bluefish bluefishes n
táilliúir
A voracious fish (Pomatomus saltatrix) found in waters of the Atlantic and Indian Ocean.

blues /bluːz/ blues n
gruaim
(usually, in the plural, informal) A feeling of sadness or depression.

bluethroat bluethroats n
ghormphíb
A small Old World passerine bird, of species Luscinia svecica, the male in spring having a bright blue throat.

bluff /blʌf/ bluffs n
leathaill
A high, steep bank, for example by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff with a broad face.

bluish /ˈbluːɪʃ/ more bluish most bluish adj
scothghorm
Having a tint or hue similar to the colour blue.

blusterer blusterers n
bliústar bolscaire gal galach
A person who blusters

blustery more blustery most blustery adj
stamhlaí
Blowing in loud and abrupt bursts.

boa constrictor boa constrictors n
buachrapaire
A large tropical American snake, Boa constrictor, that kills its prey by squeezing them.

boar /bo(ː)ɹ/ /boə/ /bɔɹ/ /bɔː/ boar boars n
collach
A male pig.
A male guinea pig.

board /bo(ː)ɹd/ /boəd/ /bɔɹd/ /bɔːd/ boards n
clár
A relatively long, wide and thin piece of any material, usually wood or similar, often for use in construction or furniture-making.
Short for blackboard, whiteboard, chessboard, surfboard, circuit board, message board (on the Internet), bulletin board, etc.

board of directors boards of directors n
bord stiúrthóirí
A group of people elected by stockholders to establish corporate policies and make management decisions.

boarding house boarding houses n
teach lóistín
A private house in which paying residents are provided with accommodation and meals.

boarding school /bɔɹdɪŋ ˈskul/ /bɔːdɪŋ ˈskuːl/ boarding schools n
scoil chónaithe
A school which provides board and lodging as well as tuition, with students going home during the weekends or between terms.

boarhound boarhounds n
torc-chú
A large dog, descended from breeds originally used to hunt boars.

boast /boʊst/ /bəʊst/ boasts n
braig
A brag; ostentatious positive appraisal of oneself.
Something that one brags about.

boastful /ˈbəʊstf(ə)l/ /ˈbəʊstfʊl/ more boastful most boastful adj
mórfhoclach mórtasach
Tending to boast or brag.

boastfulness boastfulnesses n
mórtas
The characteristic of being boastful.

boat /boʊt/ /bəʊt/ boats n
bád
A craft used for transportation of goods, fishing, racing, recreational cruising, or military use on or in the water, propelled by oars or outboard motor or inboard motor or by wind.

boater /ˈboʊ.tɚ/ /ˈbɐʉt.ɘ/ /ˈbəʊt.ə/ boaters n
bádóir
(nautical) Someone who travels by boat.
hata bádóra
A straw hat, very stiff, with a flat brim and crown.

boatman boatmen n
bádóir
A sailor on a small vessel (boat), particularly its captain.

boatswain /ˈboʊ.sən/ /ˈbəʊ.sən/ /ˈbəʊt.sweɪn/ boatswains n
bósan maor loinge
The officer (or warrant officer) in charge of sails, rigging, anchors, cables etc. and all work on deck of a sailing ship.

boatswain's pipe boatswain's pipes n
feadóg bósain
(nautical) A whistle, previously used by boatswain's mates to pipe orders throughout a ship; now used for the ceremonial piping onboard of visiting dignitaries.

bobbin bobbins n
baibín
eiteán
A spool or cylinder around which wire is coiled.
eiteán spóilín
In a sewing machine, the small spool that holds the lower thread.

bobble /ˈbɒbəl/ bobbles n
bobailín
A furry ball attached on top of a hat.

bobcat /ˈbɒb.kæt/ /ˈbɔb.kæt/ bobcats n
bobchat
A North American wildcat, Lynx rufus, having tufted ears and a short tail.

bobolink bobolinks n
bobóilinc
An American migratory songbird, Dolichonyx oryzivorus, resembling a blackbird with the bill of a finch.

bobtail /ˈbɑbteɪl/ bobtails n
bob bob eireaball
An animal that has a bobtail, such as certain canines or nags.
A bobtail squid
A bobtail skink

bodily /ˈbɑdɪli/ /ˈbɒdɪli/ more bodily most bodily adj
corpartha
Of, relating to, or concerning the body.

bodkin /ˈbɒdkɪn/ bodkins n
meana
A small sharp pointed tool for making holes in cloth or leather.

body /ˈbɑdi/ /ˈbɒdi/ [ˈbɑɾi] bodies n
corp
The physical structure of a human or animal seen as one single organism. [from 9th c.]
comhlacht
An organisation, company or other authoritative group. [from 17th c.]

body hair body hairs n
clúmh
(anatomy) Hair of the body; in particular, androgenic hair, to the exclusion of facial hair and the hair atop one's head.

body mass index body mass indexes body mass indices n
innéacs corpmhaise
A statistical measure of the weight of a person scaled according to height, used to estimate if a person is underweight or overweight. BMI units are defined as \mathrm{kg}/\mathrm{m}^2 ≈ \mathrm{703*lb}/\mathrm{in}^2.

body odour body odours n
boladh coirp
The unpleasant smell emitted by a person's body, caused by bacteria multiplied by sweat.

body temperature body temperatures n
teocht choirp
The current temperature of the body of a person or animal, especially when used as a simple guide to health.

bodybuilder /ˈbɑː.diˌbɪl.dɚ/ /ˈbɒ.diˌbɪl.də/ [ˈbɑː.ɾiˌbɪɫ.ɾɚ] bodybuilders n
corpfhorbróir
(bodybuilding) A person who uses diet and exercise to build an aesthetically muscular physique, in order to compete in bodybuilding.

bodybuilding /ˈbɑːdiˌbɪldɪŋ/ /ˈbɒdiˌbɪldɪŋ/ n
corpfhorbairt
A sport in which the aesthetics of muscular development is the basis for competition.

bodyguard /ˈbɑːdiɡɑːɹd/ /ˈbɒdiɡɑːd/ bodyguards n
garda cosanta
A person or group of persons, often armed, responsible for protecting someone.

bog /bɑɡ/ /bɒɡ/ /bɔɡ/ bogs n
portach bogach
(uncountable) The acidic soil of such areas, principally composed of peat; marshland, swampland.

bog iron ore n
cac iarainn
(geology) Deposit of porous, impure limonite found in bogs and swamps.

bog oak bog oaks n
dair dhubh
Bogwood consisting of oak.

bog orchid bog orchids n
magairlín an chorraigh

bog rosemary n
andraiméid
Any shrub in the genus Andromeda, especially Andromeda polifolia.

bogey /boʊɡi/ /bəʊɡi/ bogeys n
bógaí
(golf) A score of one over par on a hole.

boggy boggier boggiest adj
abarach
Having the qualities of a bog; i.e. dank, squishy, muddy, and full of water and rotting vegetation.

bogie /ˈboʊ.ɡi/ /ˈbəʊ.ɡi/ bogies n
bógaí
(by extension, rail transport, also, attributively) One of two sets of wheels under a locomotive or railcar; also, a structure with axles and wheels under a locomotive, railcar, or semi which provides support and reduces vibration for the vehicle.

bogland boglands n
móin riasc

boil /bɔɪl/ /ˈbɔɪ.əl/ boils n
neascóid
A localized accumulation of pus in the skin, resulting from infection.

boil /bɔɪl/ /ˈbɔɪ.əl/ v
beirigh
(transitive, of liquids) To heat to the point where it begins to turn into a gas.
bruith
(ambitransitive) To cook in boiling water.

boiling /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/ boilings n
bruith
(countable) The process of changing the state of a substance from liquid to gas by heating it to its boiling point.

bold /baʉld/ /boʊld/ /ˈbəʊld/ [bɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈbɒʊ(ɫ)d] bolder boldest more bold most bold adj
dána forránach
Courageous, daring.

bold-faced more bold-faced most bold-faced adj
aghaidh-dhána
Brazen, audacious or impudent.

boll weevil boll weevils n
cruimh chadáis
A beetle (Anthonomus grandis) measuring an average length of six millimeters (¼ inch), which feeds on cotton buds and flowers, native to Central America.

bollard /ˈbɒlɑːd/ /ˈbɒləd/ /ˈbɒləɹd/ bollards n
ceap ceangail mullard
A similar post preventing vehicle access to a pedestrian area, to delineate traffic lanes, or used for security purposes.

bolometric adj
bólaiméadrach

bolometric magnitude bolometric magnitudes n
méid bhólaiméadrach
(astronomy) The magnitude of a star in terms of the total amount of radiation received at all wavelengths

bolster /ˈboʊlstɚ/ /ˈbɒlstə/ /ˈbəʊlstə/ ; [ˈbɒʊlstə] bolsters n
adhairt babhstar ceannadhairt
A large cushion or pillow, usually cylindrical in shape.

bolt /boʊlt/ /bɒlt/ /bəʊlt/ [bɔʊɫt] bolts n
bolta
A bar of wood or metal dropped in horizontal hooks on a door and adjoining wall or between the two sides of a double door, to prevent the door(s) from being forced open.
An iron to fasten the legs of a prisoner; a shackle; a fetter.
splanc
A lightning spark, i.e., a lightning bolt.

bolt rope bolt ropes n
aighre
(nautical) Rope sewn around the edges of a sail to prevent tearing or fraying.

bomb /bɑm/ /bɒm/ /bɔm/ /bʌm/ bombs n
buama
An explosive device used or intended as a weapon, (especially) one dropped from an aircraft.

bomb /bɑm/ /bɒm/ /bɔm/ /bʌm/ v
buamáil
(transitive, figuratively, often with with) To attack or annoy in the manner of a bombing.

bombastic /bɑmˈbæs.tɪk/ /bɒmˈbæs.tɪk/ more bombastic most bombastic adj
mórfhoclach
(of a person, their language or writing) showy in speech and given to using flowery or elaborate terms; grandiloquent; pompous
High-sounding but with little meaning.

bomber /ˈbɑmɚ/ /ˈbɒmə(ɹ)/ bombers n
buamadóir eitleán buamála
(aviation, military) A military aircraft designed to carry and drop bombs.
buamadóir buamálaí
A person who sets bombs, especially as an act of terrorism.

bomber jacket bomber jackets n
casóg píolóta
A short leather jacket, with an elasticated waist and cuffs, a fleece collar and a zip front.

bombshell bombshells n
bean bhreá leadhb spéirbhean stumpa
(by extension) Someone who is very attractive; a sex symbol.

bon voyage /ˌbɒn vwaɪˈɑːʒ/ /ˌbɒn vɔɪˈɑːʒ/ interjection
go n-éirí an bóthar leat go n-éirí an bóthar libh
Used to wish someone a good journey.

bond paper bond papers n
banna-pháipéar
A high-quality durable writing paper similar to bank paper but of greater weight, formerly used for government bonds.

bondage /ˈbɑn.dɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈbɒn.dɪd͡ʒ/ bondages n
giallacht
The state of being enslaved or the practice of slavery.
cuibhriú
(sex) The practice of physically restraining people for sexual pleasure, such as by tying up or shackling.

bone /boʊn/ /bɐʉn/ /bəʉn/ /bəʊn/ bones n
cnámh
(uncountable) A composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.
(countable) Any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone.
A bone of a fish; a fishbone.
(American football, informal) The wishbone formation.

bone-dry adj
tirim sácráilte
(idiomatic) Totally dry; without moisture.

boneless more boneless most boneless adj
díchnámhaithe gan chnámha
Without bones, especially as pertaining to meat or poultry prepared for eating.

boner /ˈboʊ.nɚ/ /ˈbəʊ.nə(ɹ)/ boners n
adharc
(coarse, slang) An erect penis. [from mid-20th c.]

bones /boʊnz/ /bəʊnz/ n
cnámha
A percussive folk musical instrument played as a pair in one hand, often made from bovine ribs.

bonesetting n
deisiú cnámh
the trade of a bonesetter, the practice of realigning broken or disjointed bones

bonfire /ˈbɑnˌfaɪɚ/ /ˈbɒnfaɪə/ /ˈbɔn-/ bonfires n
tine chnámh
A large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal.
A fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items; originally (historical) , heretics or other offenders, or banned books; now, generally agricultural or garden waste, or rubbish.

bongo /ˈbɑŋ.ɡoʊ/ /ˈbɒŋ.ɡəʊ/ bongoes bongos n
bongó
A striped bovine mammal found in Africa, Tragelaphus eurycerus.
bongó druma bongó
Either of a pair of small drums of Cuban origin, played by beating with the hands.

bonnet /ˈbɑn.ɪt/ /ˈbɒn.ɪt/ bonnets n
caidhp
A type of hat, once worn by women or children, held in place by ribbons tied under the chin.

bonnie bonnier bonniest more bonnie most bonnie adj
dathúil dóighiúil slachtmhar
(Scotland, Geordie) Beautiful; pretty; attractive; handsome.

book /buːk/ /bʉk/ /bʊk/ books n
leabhar
A collection of sheets of paper bound together to hinge at one edge, containing printed or written material, pictures, etc.
A long work fit for publication, typically prose, such as a novel or textbook, and typically published as such a bound collection of sheets, but now sometimes electronically as an e-book.
A major division of a long work.
(gambling) A record of betting (from the use of a notebook to record what each person has bet).

book /buːk/ /bʉk/ /bʊk/ v
cuir in áirithe
(transitive) To reserve (something) for future use.

book bag book bags n
mála scoile
A bag for holding books for school.

book lover book lovers n
leabharbhách
A person who loves reading books.

booking /ˈbʊkɪŋ/ bookings n
áirithint
A reservation for a service, such as travel or hotel accommodation.

booklet /ˈbʊk.lət/ booklets n
leabhrán
A small or thin book.

bookmark /ˈbʊk.mɑː(ɹ)k/ bookmarks n
leabharmharc
A strip of material used to mark a place in a book.

bookshop bookshops n
siopa leabhar
A shop that sells books.

bookworm /ˈbʊk.wɜːm/ bookworms n
léitheoir craosach
(figurative) An avid book reader.

boom /bum/ /buːm/ booms n
tormán
A low-pitched, resonant sound, such as of an explosion.
bum bumaile crann scóide
(sailing) A spar extending the foot of a sail; a spar rigged outboard from a ship's side to which boats are secured in harbour.
borradh trádála
(economics, business) A period of prosperity, growth, progress, or high market activity.
búm
A horizontal member of a crane or derrick, used for lifting.

boor /boɹ/ /buːɹ/ /bɔː/ /bʉːɹ/ /bʊə/ /bʊɹ/ boors n
abhlóir amhlán
An uncultured person.

boorish /ˈbʊəɹɪʃ/ more boorish most boorish adj
amhlánta tútach
Behaving as a boor; rough in manners.

boorishness boorishnesses n
amhlántacht
The state or characteristic of being a boor or of being boorish; boorish behaviour.

boot /but/ /buːt/ /bʉːt/ /bʏːt/ [buːt] boots n
bróg buatais
(footwear) A heavy shoe that covers part of the leg.

booth /buːð/ /buːθ/ booths n
both
A small stall for the display and sale of goods.
both bothán
An enclosure just big enough to accommodate one standing person.

bootlace bootlaces n
barriall iall (bróige)
A long lace for fastening boots.

bootleg adj
bradach mídhleathach
Illegally produced, transported or sold; pirated.

bootleg bootlegs n
cóip bhradach cóip mhídhleathach taifeadadh bradach taifeadadh mídhleathach
An illegally produced, transported or sold product; contraband.

bootmaker bootmakers n
gréasaí
A maker of boots; a cobbler.

booty /ˈbuːti/ booties n
prompa
(slang) The buttocks.
aicseam slad
Plunder taken from an enemy in time of war, or seized by piracy.

booze /buːz/ boozes n
deoch
(colloquial, uncountable) Any alcoholic beverage (especially beer or hard liquor).

boracic adj
bórásach
Relating to, or impregnated with borax.

borage /ˈbɒɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ borages n
borráiste
Borago officinalis, a Mediterranean plant with rough, cucumber-flavored leaves and stems, used in salads and cooked.

borate borates n
bóráit
A salt or ester formed by the combination of boric acid with a base or positive radical

borax /ˈbɔɹ.æks/ /ˈbɔː.ɹæks/ boraces boraxes n
bórás
A white or gray/grey crystalline salt, with a slight alkaline taste, used as a flux, in soldering metals, making enamels, fixing colors/colours on porcelain, and as a soap, etc.
(inorganic compound) The sodium salt of boric acid, Na2B4O7, either anhydrous or with 5 or 10 molecules of water of crystallization; sodium tetraborate.

borax bead test borax bead tests n
promhadh cnapbhóráis
(inorganic chemistry) in qualitative inorganic analysis, a test for the presence of certain metallic elements by observing the colours given to a bead of borax in a loop of platinum wire held in the oxidizing and reducing parts of a Bunsen burner flame

borborygmus /bɔːbəˈɹɪɡməs/ borborygmi n
geonaíl
A rumbling sound made by the movement of gas in the intestines.

border /ˈboɹdɚ/ /ˈbɔədə/ /ˈbɔːdə/ /ˈbɔːɹdɚ/ [ˈbo̞ɹdɚ] borders n
teorainn
The line or frontier area separating political or geographical regions.
ciumhais imeall
The outer edge of something.
ciumhais
A decorative strip around the edge of something.

border collie border collies n
cóilí teorann
A herding dog of a breed originating near the border between England and Scotland, and specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.

border guard border guards n
garda teorann
A national agency that enforces the security of the country's national borders.

borderland /ˈbɔɹ.dəɹ.ˌlænd/ /ˈbɔː(ɹ).də(ɹ).ˌlænd/ /ˈbɔː.də.ˌlænd/ borderlands n
dúiche theorann
Land near a border; marches.

bore /bo(ː)ɹ/ /boə/ /bɔɹ/ /bɔː/ bores n
cró
A hole drilled or milled through something, or (by extension) its diameter.
maidhm rabharta maidhm thaoide
A sudden and rapid flow of tide occurring in certain rivers and estuaries which rolls up as a wave.
cró gunna
The tunnel inside of a gun's barrel through which the bullet travels when fired, or (by extension) its diameter.
leadránaí
One who inspires boredom or lack of interest; an uninteresting person.

bore /bo(ː)ɹ/ /boə/ /bɔɹ/ /bɔː/ v
toll
(intransitive) To make a hole with, or as if with, a boring instrument; to cut a circular hole by the rotary motion of a tool.

boreal /ˈbɔɹi.əl/ /ˈbɔːɹɪəl/ more boreal most boreal adj
bóireach tuaisceartach
Of, relating to, or coming from the north.

borer /ˈboːɹɐ/ /ˈbɔːɹə/ /ˈbɔːɹɚ/ borers n
tollaire
A tool used for drilling.
tolladóir
A person who bores or drills; a person employed to drill bore holes.
A tedious person, who bores others; a bore.
An insect or insect larva that bores into wood.
One of the many types of mollusc that bore into soft rock.
A cyclostome, such as a hagfish, which bores into injured, dead, or decaying sea creatures to feed on their flesh.

boring /ˈboə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈboɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈboː.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈbɔː.ɹɪŋ/ more boring most boring adj
leadránach
Causing boredom or tiredness; making you to feel tired and impatient.

born with a silver spoon in one's mouth adj
rugadh é le spúnóg airgid ina bhéal
(idiomatic) born rich, or into a wealthy family

boron /ˈbɔːˌɹɒn/ borons n
bórón
The chemical element (symbol B) with an atomic number of 5, which is a metalloid found in its pure form as a dark amorphous powder.

borough /ˈbɝ.oʊ/ /ˈbʌ.ɹə/ /ˈbʌɹ.oʊ/ boroughs n
buirg
A town having a municipal corporation and certain traditional rights.
brí
An administrative district in some cities, e.g., London.

borrow /ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/ /ˈbɒɹ.əʊ/ /ˈbɔɹ.oʊ/ borrows n
cúiteamh
(golf, countable, uncountable) Deviation of the path of a rolling ball from a straight line; slope; slant.

borrow /ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/ /ˈbɒɹ.əʊ/ /ˈbɔɹ.oʊ/ v
faigh ar iasacht
To receive (something) from somebody temporarily, expecting to return it.

borrower /ˈbɑɹoʊɚ/ /ˈbɔɹəʊə/ borrowers n
iasachtaí
One who borrows.

borrowing days n
laethanta na riabhaí
(Ireland, Scotland) The last three days of March, supposed in Scottish and Irish folklore to have been borrowed by March from April, and to be especially stormy.

bosom /ˈbʊz(ə)m/ bosoms n
broinne
A breast, one of a woman's breasts

bosom friend bosom friends n
cara cnis
A very close friend.

boss /bɑs/ /bɒs/ /bɔs/ bosses n
bas
A person who oversees and directs the work of others; a supervisor.
A person in charge of a business or company.
mol
(mechanics) A protrusion; frequently a cylinder of material that extends beyond a hole.
A convex protuberance in hammered work, especially the rounded projection in the centre of a shield.

bossy /ˈbɑsi/ /ˈbɒsi/ /ˈbɒsɪ/ /ˈbɔsi/ bossier bossiest adj
tiarnúil
Tending to give orders to others, especially when unwarranted; domineering.

botany /-nɪ/ /ˈbɑt.ni/ /ˈbɑt.ə.ni/ /ˈbɒt.ni/ /ˈbɒt.ə.ni/ botanies n
luibheolaíocht
(uncountable) A branch of biology concerned with the scientific study of plants.

botch /bɑt͡ʃ/ /bɒt͡ʃ/ botches n
praiseach prácás
An action, job, or task that has been performed very badly; a ruined, defective, or clumsy piece of work.

botch /bɑt͡ʃ/ /bɒt͡ʃ/ v
abach a dhéanamh ar
praiseach a dhéanamh de
(transitive) To perform (a task) in an unacceptable or incompetent manner; to make a mess of something

botcher botchers n
ablálaí loitiméir
A clumsy or incompetent worker; a bungler.

botfly botflies n
boiteog
One of several dipterous insects of the family Oestridae, the larvae of which are parasites on many animals, including humans.

both /boʊlθ/ /bəʊθ/ [boʊɫθ] [boʊθ] [bɐʉθ] [bəʊθ] [bɜʊ̯θ] conjunction
... agus ... le chéile idir... agus...
Including both of (used with and).

both /boʊlθ/ /bəʊθ/ [boʊɫθ] [boʊθ] [bɐʉθ] [bəʊθ] [bɜʊ̯θ] determiner
araon
Each of the two; one and the other; referring to two individuals or items.

bother /ˈbɑðɚ/ /ˈbɒðə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɔðə(ɹ)/ bothers n
stró
Fuss, ado.

bother /ˈbɑðɚ/ /ˈbɒðə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɔðə(ɹ)/ v
cuir isteach ar
(transitive) To annoy, to disturb, to irritate; to be troublesome to, to make trouble for.

bothersome more bothersome most bothersome adj
trioblóideach
Causing trouble, annoyance, inconvenience, irritation, or perplexity.

bottle /ˈbɑ.təl/ /ˈbɒt.əl/ bottles n
buidéal
The contents of such a container.
(figurative) Intoxicating liquor; alcohol.

bottle /ˈbɑ.təl/ /ˈbɒt.əl/ v
buidéalaigh
(transitive) To seal (a liquid) into a bottle for later consumption. Also fig.

bottle cap bottle caps n
caipín buidéil
Any of several designs of closure used to seal bottles.

bottleneck bottlenecks n
scrogall scrogall buidéil
The narrow portion that forms the pouring spout of a bottle; the neck of a bottle.
caolas tráchta scrogall tráchta
(figurative) In traffic, any narrowing of the road, especially resulting in a delay.
bac
(by extension) The part of a process that is too slow or cumbersome.

bottom /ˈbɑtəm/ /ˈbɒtəm/ bottoms n
íochtar
The lowest part of anything.

botulism /ˈbɑ.t͡ʃəˌlɪz.əm/ /ˈbɒt.jʊl.ɪz.əm/ botulisms n
botalas ispíneachas
(pathology) Poisoning caused by the toxin from Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic bacterium that grows in improperly prepared food.

bough /baʊ/ boughs n
géag
A tree-branch, usually a primary one directly attached to the trunk.

boulder /ˈboʊldɚ/ /ˈbəʊl.də(ɹ)/ boulders n
bollán
A large mass of stone detached from the surrounding land.

bouldering n
bollánóireacht
(climbing) Climbing, without ropes, on large boulders or boulder-sized objects.

boulevard /ˈbuː.ləˌvɑːd/ /ˈbʊləvɑɹd/ boulevards n
búlbhard
A broad, well-paved and landscaped thoroughfare.

bouncer /ˈbaʊn.sə/ /ˈboʊn.sɚ/ bouncers n
doirseoir slándála preabaire
(informal) A member of security personnel employed by bars, nightclubs, etc. to decide who can enter, maintain order, and deal with patrons who cause trouble.

bouncing castle /ˌbaʊnsɪŋ ˈkæsəl/ /ˌbaʊnsɪŋ ˈkɑːsəl/ bouncing castles n
preabchaisleán
A large inflatable structure, resembling a castle etc., on which children jump and play as on a trampoline.

bound /ˈbaʊnd/ more bound most bound adj
ag triall ar
Ready to start or go (to); moving in the direction (of).

bound /ˈbaʊnd/ bounds n
airleog preab
A sizeable jump, great leap.

bound /ˈbaʊnd/ v
preab
(transitive) To cause to leap.
(transitive, dated) To cause to rebound; to throw so that it will rebound; to bounce.

bouquet /boʊˈkeɪ/ /buːˈkeɪ/ bouquets n
cumhracht
The scent of a particular wine.

bourgeois /bʊɹʒˈwɑː/ /ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/ /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/ more bourgeois most bourgeois adj
buirgéiseach
Of or relating to the middle class, (often, pejorative) their presumed overly conventional, conservative, and materialistic values.
buirgéiseach meánaicmeach
(Marxism) Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually, _, pejorative) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat.

bourgeois /bʊɹʒˈwɑː/ /ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/ /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/ bourgeois n
meánaicme
(political, collectively, usually, in the plural) The middle class.
buirgéiseach
(history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime.

bourgeoisie /ˌbʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑːˈziː/ bourgeoisies n
meánaicme
(Marxism) The capitalist class.

bout /bʌʊt/ /ˈbaʊt/ bouts n
babhta taom
A period of something, especially one painful or unpleasant.
babhta
(music) A bulge or widening in a musical instrument, such as either of the two characteristic bulges of a guitar.

bovine spongiform encephalopathy n
einceifealapaite spúinseach bhólachta galar na bó mire
(disease, neurology) A fatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle, which is transmissible to humans through misshaped prion proteins, caused by eating infected tissues.

bow /baʊ/ bows n
ceann gob srón tosach
(nautical) The front of a boat or ship.

bow /boʊ/ /bəʊ/ bows n
bogha
A weapon made of a curved piece of wood or other flexible material whose ends are connected by a string, used for shooting arrows.
Any instrument consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string, employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for preparing and arranging hair, fur, etc., used by hatters.

bow and arrow /ˈbəʊ ən(d) ˈæɹəʊ/ bows and arrows n
saighead agus bogha
A weapon consisting of a bow and a supply of arrows, often kept in a quiver.

bow-legged more bow-legged most bow-legged adj
bórach camchosach
Having bowed legs, having legs bent noticeably outward at the knee

bowels /baʊ.əlz/ n
inní
The intestines.

bower /baʊ.əɹ/ /baʊəɹ/ /bəʊ.əɹ/ /bəʊəɹ/ bowers n
lúibín coille
A shady, leafy shelter or recess in a garden or woods.

bowhead /ˈbəʊhɛd/ bowheads n
míol mór ceann bogha
A large baleen whale, Balaena mysticetus, having a large, rounded head, that inhabits Arctic waters.

bowl /boʊl/ /bɐʉl/ /bəʊl/ [boɫ] [bɒʊɫ] bowls n
babhla cuach
A roughly hemispherical container used to hold, mix or present food, such as salad, fruit or soup, or other items.
bolla
(bowls) The ball rolled by players in the game of lawn bowls.

bowling /ˈboʊlɪŋ/ /ˈbəʊlɪŋ/ [ˈbɒʊɫɪŋ] n
Bol babhláil
A game played by rolling a ball down an alley and trying to knock over a triangular group of ten pins; ten-pin bowling/five-pin bowling

box /bɑks/ /bɒks/ boxes n
bosca
A cuboid space; a cuboid container, often with a hinged lid.
A cuboid container and its contents; as much as fills such a container.
bucas crann bosca
Any of various evergreen shrubs or trees of genus Buxus, especially common box, European box, or boxwood (Buxus sempervirens) which is often used for making hedges and topiary.
(Australia) Various species of Eucalyptus trees are popularly called various kinds of boxes, on the basis of the nature of their wood, bark, or appearance for example, drooping box (Eucalyptus bicolor), shiny-leaved box (Eucalyptus tereticornis), black box, or ironbark box trees.

box /bɑks/ /bɒks/ v
pacáil
(transitive) To place inside a box; to pack in one or more boxes.
dornáil
(transitive) To strike with the fists; to punch.
(transitive, boxing) To fight against (a person) in a boxing match.
(intransitive, stative, boxing) To participate in boxing; to be a boxer.

box pleat box pleats n
pléata dúbailte
A knife pleat when arranged back to back with others.

boxer /ˈbɑksɚ/ /ˈbɒksə/ boxers n
bacsálaí dornálaí
A participant in a boxing match; a fighter who boxes.
bocsaeir
A breed of stocky, medium-sized, short-haired dog with a square-jawed muzzle.

boxer shorts n
fobhríste dornálaí
Shorts worn as underwear by men.

boxing /ˈbɑːksɪŋ/ /ˈbɒksɪŋ/ n
dornálaíocht
(sports) A sport where two opponents punch each other with gloved fists to head and torso; the object being to score more points by the end of the match or by knockout, or technical knockout.

boxing glove boxing gloves n
lámhainn dornála lámhainn dornálaíochta miotóg dhornálaíochta
(boxing) A padded mitten, designed to protect the hand while punching, and worn in boxing.

boxing ring boxing rings n
cró dornálaíochta
A space, usually square, with elastic ropes around the edge, in which a boxing match is fought.

boxty /bɑksti/ /bɒksti/ boxties n
bacstaí cáca bacstaí císte steaimpí steaimpí
A traditional Irish potato pancake.

boxwood boxwoods n
bosca
(uncountable) The hard, close-grained wood of this tree, used in delicate woodwork and in making inlays.

boy /bɔɪ/ /bɔːə/ boys n
buachaill garsún
A young male human. [from 15th c.]
buachaill gasúr
(informal, sometimes mildly derogatory) A male human of any age, as opposed to a "girl" (female human of any age).
buachaill
(obsolete) A male of low station, (especially as pejorative) a worthless male, a wretch; a mean and dishonest male, a knave. [14th–17th c.]
A male non-human animal, especially, in affectionate address, a male pet, especially a dog. [from 15th c.]

boycott /ˈbɔɪkɑt/ /ˈbɔɪkɒt/ boycotts n
baghcat
The act of boycotting.

boycott /ˈbɔɪkɑt/ /ˈbɔɪkɒt/ v
baghcatáil
To abstain, either as an individual or a group, from using, buying, or dealing with someone or some organization as an expression of protest.

boyfriend /ˈbɔɪfɹənd/ /ˈbɔɪˌfɹɛnd/ boyfriends n
stócach buachaill
A male partner in an unmarried romantic relationship.

bra /bɹæ/ /bɹɑː/ bras n
cíochbheart
An item of clothing, usually underwear worn to support the breasts. [from 1920s]

bracelet /ˈbɹeɪslət/ /ˈbɹeɪslɪt/ bracelets n
bráisléad
A band or chain worn around the wrist as jewelry/jewellery or an ornament.

braces /ˈbɹeɪsɪz/ n
teanntáin fiacla
(orthodontics) A device worn on the teeth to straighten them.

bracken /ˈbɹækən/ brackens n
raithneach
(uncountable, countable) Any of several coarse ferns, of the genus Pteridium, that form dense thickets; often poisonous to livestock.

bracket /ˈbɹækɪt/ brackets n
brac
A fixture attached to a wall to hold up a shelf.
lúibín
Any of the characters “(”, “)”, “[”, “]”, “{”, “}”, “⟨”, “⟩”, “<”, “>”, or the like, used in pairs to enclose parenthetic remarks, sections of mathematical expressions, etc.

bracket fungus bracket fungi n
bracfhungas
Any of various fungi of the family Polyporaceae, whose fruiting bodies form on trees and resemble shelves.

brackish /ˈbɹækɪʃ/ more brackish most brackish adj
goirt
(of water) Salty or slightly salty, as a mixture of fresh and sea water, such as that found in estuaries.

brae /bɹeɪ/ /bɹiː/ /bɹɪə/ braes n
brí
(Northern England, Scotland) The sloping bank of a river valley.

brag /bɹæɡ/ v
braigeáil
(intransitive) To boast; to talk with excessive pride about what one has, is able to do, or has done; often as an attempt to popularize oneself.

braggart /ˈbɹæɡɑːt/ /ˈbɹæɡɚt/ braggarts n
bladhmaire bollaire bragaire bumaire floscaí gaiscíoch
Someone who constantly brags or boasts. [from late 16th c.]

bragger braggers n
bladhmaire bollaire bragaire bumaire floscaí gaiscíoch
A person who brags.

brahmin /ˈbɹɑːmɪn/ brahmins n
Bráman
(chiefly, US, capitalized) A member of a social and cultural elite, especially in the New England region of the USA.
A learned person of refined taste and mild manners.

braid /bɹeɪd/ braids n
cleacht trilseán
A weave of three or more strands of fibers, ribbons, cords or hair often for decoration. [from 16th c.]

braille /ˈbɹaɪ/ /ˈbɹeɪl/ brailles n
braille scríbhneoireacht bhraille
A system of writing in which letters and some combinations of letters are represented by raised dots arranged in three rows of two dots each and are read by the blind and partially sighted using the fingertips.

brain /bɹeɪn/ brains n
inchinn
A part of the brain, especially associated with particular mental functions, abilities, etc.
The control center of the central nervous system of an animal located in the skull which is responsible for perception, cognition, attention, memory, emotion, and action.
(informal) An intelligent person.
(plurale tantum) A person who provides the intelligence required for something.
(in the plural) Intellect.
(in the singular) An intellectual or mental capacity.
By analogy with a human brain, the part of a machine or computer that performs calculations.
(slang, vulgar, uncountable) Oral sex.
(informal) Mind.
A loose compartment of a backpack that straps on over the top opening.

brain death n
bás inchinne
(medicine) An irreversible loss of brain function and cessation of brain activity.

brake shoe brake shoes n
crú coscáin
(mechanical engineering) An element of a drum brake into which the friction-producing brake lining is attached.

brambling bramblings n
breacán
A finch, Fringilla montifringilla of northern Eurasia, the male having a black head in summer and an orange breast with white belly and a long white rump.

brambly bramblier brambliest adj
driseach
Covered in brambles

bran /ˈbɹæn/ brans n
bran
The broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy part of ground grain.

branch /bɹænt͡ʃ/ /bɹɑːnt͡ʃ/ branches n
craobh géag
The woody part of a tree arising from the trunk and usually dividing.

branch /bɹænt͡ʃ/ /bɹɑːnt͡ʃ/ v
géagaigh
(intransitive) To arise from the trunk or a larger branch of a tree.
(intransitive) To produce branches.

branched adj
craobhach
Having branches, or specific kinds of branches.

brand /bɹænd/ brands n
splanc
(archaic, or, poetic) A piece of burning wood or peat, or a glowing cinder.

brand new /ˈbɹæn.n(j)uː/ /ˈbɹænd ˌn(j)uː/ adj
amach ón deil amach ón tsnáthaid as an bhfilleadh úr nua
Utterly new, as new as possible.

brandish /ˈbɹændɪʃ/ v
bagair
(transitive) To move or swing a weapon back and forth, particularly if demonstrating anger, threat or skill.

brashness brashnesses n
braise
The characteristic of being brash.

brass /bɹas/ /bɹæs/ /bɹɑːs/ brasses n
prás
(countable, uncountable) A metallic alloy of copper and zinc used in many industrial and plumbing applications.

brass band brass bands n
banna práis
(music) A group of musicians who play brass instruments (sometimes accompanied by percussion)

brass knuckles n
miotóg phráis
A weapon consisting of a metal reinforcement for the clenched fist, with finger holes molded in.

bravado /bɹɑːˈvɑːdoʊ/ /bɹəˈvɑːdoʊ/ bravadoes bravados n
gaisciúlacht laochas
A swaggering show of defiance or courage.
gaisce laochas mórtas
A false show of courage.

brave /bɹeɪv/ braver bravest more brave most brave adj
calma cróga fearúil misniúil móruchtúil
Strong in the face of fear; courageous.

brave /bɹeɪv/ v
tabhair dúshlán
(transitive) To encounter with courage and fortitude, to defy, to provoke.

bravery /ˈbɹeɪv.ə.ɹi/ /ˈbɹeɪv.ɹi/ braveries n
crógacht
(usually, uncountable) Being brave, courageousness.

brawn /bɹɑn/ /bɹɔn/ /bɹɔːn/ n
toirceoil
(chiefly, British) Head cheese; a terrine made from the head of a pig or calf; originally boar's meat.

brawny /ˈbɹɔːni/ brawnier brawniest adj
matánach
Characterized by brawn; muscular, thewy; strong.

bray /bɹeɪ/ brays n
béic grág
The cry of an animal, now chiefly that of animals related to the ass or donkey, or the camel.

brazen /ˈbɹeɪzən/ more brazen most brazen adj
dalba
Shameless or impudent; shocking or audacious; brash. [from 1570s]

brazil nut brazil nuts n
cnó Brasaíleach
The nut produced by this tree.

brazilwood brazilwoods n
crann brasaíladhmaid
A Brazilian timber tree (Paubrasilia echinata, syn. Caesalpinia echinata), used primarily to make bows for string instruments.

breach /bɹiːtʃ/ breaches n
bearna bearna bhaoil
A gap or opening made by breaking or battering, as in a wall, fortification or levee / embankment; the space between the parts of a solid body rent by violence

breach of promise breaches of promise n
sárú gealltanais
(legal) A tort in common law arising when a man withdraws an earlier promise to marry a woman; abolished in many jurisdictions.

breach of the peace breaches of the peace n
briseadh síochána
(legal) The legal offense of engaging in public behavior which is violent, rowdy, or disruptive.

bread /bɹɛd/ breads n
arán
A foodstuff made by baking dough made from cereals.
Food; sustenance; support of life, in general.
(countable) Any variety of bread.

bread knife bread knives n
scian aráin
A knife, with a serrated edge, designed to cut bread; sometimes slots into a breadboard.

bread pudding bread puddings n
maróg aráin
A dessert made from stale bread, suet, egg, sugar or golden syrup, spices, and dried fruit.

bread roll bread rolls n
rolla aráin
A miniature round loaf of bread, often accompanying a meal.

bread sauce bread sauces n
anlann aráin roiste
A savoury sauce thickened with bread, often based on milk or cream with seasonings.

breadbasket /ˈbɹɛdbɑːskɪt/ /ˈbɹɛdˌbæskɪt/ breadbaskets n
ciseán aráin
A basket used for storing or carrying bread.

breadboard breadboards n
clár aráin
A cutting board, especially for cutting bread.

breadbox /ˈbɹɛd.bɑks/ /ˈbɹɛd.bɒks/ breadboxes n
cófra aráin
a container for storing bread or other baked goods to keep them fresh

breadcrumb /ˈbɹɛdˌkɹʌm/ breadcrumbs n
bruscar aráin grabhróg aráin
(chiefly, in the plural) A tiny piece of bread, either one that falls from bread as it is cut or eaten, or one made deliberately by crumbling bread.

breadfruit /ˈbɹɛdfɹuːt/ breadfruit breadfruits n
crann toraidh aráin
An evergreen tree, Artocarpus altilis, native to islands of the east Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean.
toradh aráin
The large round fruit of this tree.

breadstick breadsticks n
cipín cipín aráin
A long, very slender loaf of crisp bread smaller than a baguette; for example, grissini from Italy and rosquilletas from Spain.

breadwinner /ˈbɹɛdˌwɪnɚ/ breadwinners n
saothraí
The primary income-earner in a household.

break /bɹeɪk/ /bɹiːk/ [bɹ(ʷ)eɪ̯k] v
bris
(transitive, intransitive) To stop, or to cause to stop, functioning properly or altogether.
(intransitive, of a voice) To alter in type due to emotion or strain: in men, generally to go up, in women, sometimes to go down; to crack.

breakdown /ˈbɹeɪkdaʊn/ breakdowns n
cliseadh
A failure, particularly mechanical in nature.
A physical collapse or lapse of mental stability.

breaker /ˈbɹeɪkə/ /ˈbɹeɪkɚ/ breakers n
maidhm maidhm thoinne
(chiefly, in the plural) A wave breaking into foam against the shore, or against a sandbank, or a rock or reef near the surface, considered a useful warning to ships of an underwater hazard

breakfast /ˈbreɪkˌfɑːst/ /ˈbɹeɪkˌfæst/ /ˈbɹɛkfəst/ breakfasts n
bricfeasta béile maidine cuid na maidine céadphroinn
The first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning.

breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/ breakthroughs n
urfhuascailt
Any major progress; such as a great innovation or discovery that overcomes a significant obstacle.

breakwater /ˈbɹeɪkˌwɔːtə/ breakwaters n
bábhún tonnchosc
A construction in or around a harbour designed to break the force of the sea and to provide shelter for vessels lying inside.

breast /bɹɛst/ breasts n
brollach cíoch broinne
(anatomy) Either of the two organs on the front of a female human's chest, which contain the mammary glands; also the analogous organs in males.
brollach ucht
(anatomy) The chest, or front of the human thorax.
ucht brollach
The ventral portion of an animal's thorax.
brollach
A choice cut of poultry, especially chicken or turkey, taken from the bird’s breast; also a cut of meat from other animals, breast of mutton, veal, pork.

breast cancer breast cancers n
ailse chíche
(oncology) Cancer of the breast.

breast milk breast milks n
bainne cíche
Milk produced by human mammary glands.

breast pump breast pumps n
pumpa cíche
A device used by a lactating woman to extract milk from her breasts (typically for short-term storage).

breastbone breastbones n
cnámh uchta steirneam
(anatomy) The central narrow bone in the front of the chest, connecting the collarbone and the top ribs.

breastfeed /ˈbɹɛs(t)fiːd/ v
beathú cíche a thabhairt brollach a thabhairt cothaigh
(transitive, intransitive) To feed (a baby) milk via the breasts; to suckle; to nurse.

breastplate breastplates n
lúireach scaball uchtphláta
A piece of armor that covers the chest.

breaststroke breaststrokes n
bang brollaigh snámh brollaigh
A swimming stroke in which the swimmer lies face down, the arms being swept forward, outward and back under the water and the legs are kicked like a frog's

breath /bɹɛθ/ breaths n
anáil
(countable) A single act of breathing in or out; a breathing of air.

breathe /bɹið/ /bɹiːð/ v
análaigh riospráid
(intransitive) To draw air into (inhale), and expel air from (exhale), the lungs in order to extract oxygen and excrete waste gases.

breccia /ˈbɹɛt͡ʃ.(i.)ə/ /ˈbɹɛt͡ʃ.(ɪ.)ə/ /ˈbɹɛʃ.i.ə/ breccias n
breisia
(petrology) A rock composed of angular fragments in a matrix that may be of a similar or a different material.

breed /bɹiːd/ breeds n
síolrach
All animals or plants of the same species or subspecies.
A race or lineage; offspring or issue.

breed /bɹiːd/ v
síolraigh
To produce offspring sexually; to bear young.
Of animals, to mate.
(transitive) To ejaculate inside; to attempt to impregnate.
póraigh síolraigh
To keep animals and have them reproduce in a way that improves the next generation’s qualities.
To arrange the mating of specific animals.

brent goose brent geese n
cadhan
(British) A small member of the goose family (Anatidae), Branta bernicla.

breve /bɹiːv/ /bɹɛv/ breves n
lán-nóta dúbailte
(music) A double whole note; a note twice as long as a semibreve.

brevity /ˈbɹɛvəti/ brevities n
gairide giorracht
(uncountable) The quality of being brief in duration.
achomaireacht coimre
(uncountable) Succinctness; conciseness.

brewer /ˈbɹuː.ə(ɹ)/ brewers n
bríbhéir grúdaire
Someone who brews, or whose occupation is to prepare malt liquors.

brewer's yeast brewer's yeasts n
giosta bríbhéireachta
(brewing) Any live yeast used in brewing or yeast obtained as a by-product of brewing, dried and killed, and used as nutritional yeast.

brewery /ˈbɹuːəɹi/ breweries n
grúdlann
A building where beer is produced.
A company that brews beer.

brewing /ˈbɹuːɪŋ/ brewings n
bríbhéireacht grúdaireacht
The production of alcoholic beverages, such as beer, by fermentation; the process of being brewed.

bribe /bɹaɪb/ v
breab a thabhairt
(transitive) To give a bribe to; specifically, to ask a person to do something against his/her original will, in exchange for some type of reward or relief from potential trouble.
(transitive) To gain by a bribe; to induce as by a bribe.

briber bribers n
breabaire
A person who bribes

bribery /ˈbɹaɪbəɹi/ briberies n
breabaireacht
the making of illegal payment, or bribes, to persons in official positions as a means of influencing their decisions
(legal) the activity of giving, offering or accepting bribes

brick /bɹɪk/ bricks n
bríce
(countable) A hardened rectangular block of mud, clay etc., used for building.
(uncountable) Such hardened mud, clay, etc. considered collectively, as a building material.

brick red adj
donnrua
Of a warm brownish-red colour similar to that of red clay bricks.

brick red brick reds n
donnrua
A warm brownish-red colour similar to that of red clay bricks.

bricklayer bricklayers n
bríceadóir brícléir
A craftsman who builds walls and suchlike out of bricks.

bridal shower bridal showers n
cóisir bhrídeoige
(US) A party held for a bride-to-be in anticipation of her wedding, involving guests (typically female friends and relatives) giving her gifts.

bride /bɹaɪd/ brides n
brídeach
A woman in the context of her own wedding; one who is going to marry or has just been married.

bridegroom /ˈbɹaɪdˌɡɹuːm/ bridegrooms n
grúm buachaill óg
A man in the context of his own wedding; one who is going to marry or has just been married.

bridesmaid /ˈbɹaɪdzˌmeɪd/ bridesmaids n
cailín coimhdeachta
A woman who attends a bride during her wedding ceremony, as part of the main wedding party.

bridesmaid /ˈbɹaɪdzˌmeɪd/ v
seas
To act as a bridesmaid for; to attend a bride during her wedding ceremony.

bridge /bɹɪd͡ʒ/ n
droichead
A construction or natural feature that spans a divide.
(dentistry) A prosthesis replacing one or several adjacent teeth.
(nautical) An elevated platform above the upper deck of a mechanically propelled ship from which it is navigated and from which all activities on deck can be seen and controlled by the captain, etc; smaller ships have a wheelhouse, and sailing ships were controlled from a quarterdeck.
(music, lutherie) The piece, on string instruments, that supports the strings from the sounding board.
(computing) A device which connects two or more computer buses, typically in a transparent manner.
droichead sróine
(anatomy) The upper bony ridge of the human nose.
beiriste
(card games) A card game played with four players playing as two teams of two players each.

bridge-builder bridge-builders n
tógálaí droichead
A builder of bridges.

bridgebuilding n
déanamh droichead tógáil droichead
The construction of bridges.

bridgehead /ˈbɹɪd͡ʒhɛd/ bridgeheads n
ceann droichid
(military) An area of ground on the enemy's side of a river or other obstacle, especially one that needs to be taken and defended in order to secure an advance.
(physical chemistry) Either of the two atoms in different parts of a molecule that are connected by a bridge of two or more other atoms

bridle /ˈbɹaɪdəl/ bridles n
srian
(equestrian) The headgear with which a horse is directed and which carries a bit and reins.

brief /bɹiːf/ briefer briefest more brief most brief adj
achomair
Concise; taking few words. [from 15th c.]

brig /bɹɪɡ/ brigs n
bruig
(watercraft) A two-masted vessel, square-rigged on both foremast and mainmast

bright /bɹaɪt/ brighter brightest adj
spéiriúil geal gléineach lonrach án
Emitting much light; visually dazzling; luminous, lucent, radiant.
glé
Of a colour: not muted or pale; bold, brilliant, vivid.
grianmhar
In good spirits; happy, optimistic.

brightness /ˈbɹaɪtnəs/ brightnesses n
gile gléine lonracht spéiriúlacht
The quality of being bright.
gile gléine
The perceived luminance of an object.

brilliant /ˈbɹɪljənt/ more brilliant most brilliant adj
lonrach án
Shining brightly.

brindled /ˈbɹɪndəld/ more brindled most brindled adj
riabhach
of a brownish, tawny or gray colour, with streaks or spots; streaky, spotted

brine /bɹaɪn/ brines n
sáile
Salt water; water saturated or strongly impregnated with salt; a salt-and-water solution for pickling.
The sea or ocean; the water of the sea.

bring /ˈbɹɪŋ/ v
tabhair
(transitive, ditransitive) To transport toward somebody/somewhere.

bring together v
cuideachtaigh
(idiomatic) To cause people to do something together; to bring about togetherness.

bring up v
tóg
To raise or rear (children).

brink /bɹɪŋk/ brinks n
broinne colbha
The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge.
(figurative) The edge or border.

brinkmanship /ˈbɹɪŋk.mən.ʃɪp/ /ˈbɹɪŋk.mənˌʃɪp/ brinkmanships n
bruachaireacht
(chiefly, politics) The pursuit of an advantage by appearing to be willing to take a matter to the brink (for example, by risking a dangerous policy) rather than to concede a point. [from mid 1950s]

bristly /ˈbɹɪsli/ bristlier bristliest adj
guaireach mosach
Covered with bristles.
mosach
Easily antagonized; irascible; prone to bristling.

brittle /ˈbɹɪtl̩/ brittler brittlest more brittle most brittle adj
aibrisc briosc
Inflexible; liable to break, snap, or shatter easily under stress, pressure, or impact.
Not physically tough or tenacious; apt to break or crumble when bending.

brittleness brittlenesses n
aibrisce brisce caireacht sceiteacht sobhristeacht
The state of being brittle (in various senses).

broad bean broad beans n
pónaire leathan
An edible bean that has broad seeds (Vicia faba).

broad in the beam adj
másach
(idiomatic, of a person, especially a female) Wide across the hips, with large buttocks.

broadcast /-kæst/ /ˈbɹɑdkæst/ /ˈbɹɔdkæst/ /ˈbɹɔːdkast/ /ˈbɹɔːdkɑːst/ broadcasts n
craolachán craoladh
A transmission of a radio or television programme intended to be received by anyone with a receiver.
craoladh
A programme (bulletin, documentary, show, etc.) so transmitted.

broadcast /-kæst/ /ˈbɹɑdkæst/ /ˈbɹɔdkæst/ /ˈbɹɔːdkast/ /ˈbɹɔːdkɑːst/ v
craol
(transitive) To transmit a message or signal through radio waves or electronic means.
croith leath
(transitive) To transmit a message over a wide area; specifically, to send an email in a single transmission to a (typically large) number of people.

broadcloth broadcloths n
leithead mór
(historical) A fine smooth-faced woolen cloth for men’s garments, usually of double width (i.e., a yard and a half); so called in distinction from woolens three quarters of a yard wide.

broadness broadnesses n
leithe leithne
The state, characteristic, or condition of being broad; breadth.

broadside /ˈbrɔdˌsaɪd/ /ˈbrɔːdsaɪd/ adv
go cliathánach
Sideways; with the side turned to the direction of some object.

broadsword /ˈbɹɔd.sɔɹd/ /ˈbɹɔːd.sɔːd/ broadswords n
claíomh leathan
(history) A type of early modern sword that has a broad double-edged blade for cutting (as opposed to the more slender thrust-oriented rapier) and typically a basket hilt.

brocade /bɹəˈkeɪd/ brocades n
broicéad
(countable, uncountable) A thick heavy fabric into which raised patterns have been woven, originally in gold and silver; more recently any cloth incorporating raised, woven patterns.
(metaphoric) A decorative pattern.

brocade /bɹəˈkeɪd/ v
broicéadaigh
To decorate fabric with raised woven patterns.

broccoli /ˈbɹɑ.kə.li/ /ˈbɹɑk.li/ /ˈbɹɒ.kə.laɪ/ /ˈbɹɒ.kə.li/ broccoli broccolis n
brocailí
A plant, Brassica oleracea var. italica, of the cabbage family, Brassicaceae; especially, the tree-shaped flower and stalk that are eaten as a vegetable.

brochure /bɹoʊˈʃɝ/ /bɹoʊˈʃʊɚ/ /ˈbɹəʊ.ʃə(ɹ)/ brochures n
bróisiúr
A booklet of printed informational matter, like a pamphlet, often for promotional purposes.

broken /ˈbɹoʊ.kən/ /ˈbɹoʊ.kɪn/ /ˈbɹəʊ.kən/ more broken most broken adj
briste
(of a, bone or body part) Fractured; having the bone in pieces.
(of sleep) Interrupted; not continuous.
Fragmented; in separate pieces.
(of a, promise, etc) Breached; violated; not kept.
(colloquial, US, of a, situation) Not having gone in the way intended; saddening.
Non-functional; not functioning properly.
Having no money; bankrupt, broke.
(sports, video games, of a tactic or option) Overpowered; overly powerful; giving a player too much power.

brokenhearted more brokenhearted most brokenhearted adj
croíbhriste
Grieved and disappointed, especially with the loss of a beloved person or thing, such as the repudiation of a romantic relationship.

brokerage brokerages n
bróicéireacht
A business, firm, or company whose business is to act as a broker (e.g., stockbroker).

bromate bromates n
brómáit
(inorganic chemistry) the anion BrO3-1, derived from bromic acid; any salt containing this anion

bromine /ˈbɹoʊmin/ /ˈbɹəʊmiːn, -mɪn, -maɪn/ bromines n
bróimín
(uncountable) A nonmetallic chemical element (symbol Br) with an atomic number of 35; one of the halogens, it is a fuming red-brown liquid at room temperature.

bronchial /ˈbɹɑːn.ki.əl/ adj
broinceach broncach
Of or relating to the bronchi or bronchioles.

bronchiole /ˈbɹɒŋkiˌoʊl/ bronchioles n
broincín
(anatomy) Any of the small cartilage-less branches of a bronchus.

bronchitis /bɹɒŋˈkaɪtɪs/ bronchitides bronchitises n
broincíteas
(uncountable) An inflammation of the bronchi of the lungs, that causes the cilia of the bronchial epithelial cells to stop functioning.

broncho- prefix
bronca-
(anatomy, combining form) relating to bronchi and the airways

bronchodilator bronchodilators n
broncaileathóir
(medicine) Any drug used to dilate and relax the bronchial passages and ease the flow of air to the lungs

bronchoscopy bronchoscopies n
broncascópacht
(medicine) A technique for viewing the bronchi using a flexible instrument called a bronchoscope.

bronchus /ˈbɹɑŋkəs/ /ˈbɹɒŋkəs/ bronchi n
píobán broncas píobán broinceach
Either of two airways, which are primary branches of the trachea, leading directly into the lungs.

bronze /bɹɑnz/ /bɹɒnz/ bronzes n
cré-umha
(uncountable) A naturally occurring or man-made alloy of copper, usually in combination with tin, but also with one or more other metals.
(countable, and, uncountable) A reddish-brown colour, the colour of bronze.
dealbh chré-umha
(countable) A work of art made of bronze, especially a sculpture.

bronze medal bronze medals n
bonn cré-umha
A medal made of, or having the color of, bronze, given as a prize for finishing in third place.

bronzer bronzers n
donnaitheoir
A cosmetic product intended to give the skin a temporary bronzed colour resembling a suntan.

brood /bɹuːd/ /bɹʉd/ broods n
ál éillín
The young of certain animals, especially a group of young birds or fowl hatched at one time by the same mother.
(uncountable) The young of any egg-laying creature, especially if produced at the same time.
ál
(countable, uncountable) The children in one family; offspring.

brood /bɹuːd/ /bɹʉd/ v
gor
(transitive) To keep an egg warm to make it hatch.

brood mare brood mares n
láir ghraí
A stud mare, a female horse used for breeding.

broody /ˈbɹuːdi/ broodier broodiest more broody most broody adj
ar gor
Of birds: sitting persistently and protectively on a nest, in order to hatch eggs.

brook /bɹuːk/ /bɹʉk/ /bɹʊk/ brooks n
sruthán
A body of running water smaller than a river; a small stream.

broom /bɹuːm/ /bɹʊm/ brooms n
scuab
(countable) A domestic utensil with fibers bound together at the end of a long handle, used for sweeping.
scuab giolcach shléibhe
Any of several yellow-flowered shrubs of the family Fabaceae, with long, stiff, thin branches and small or few leaves used for the domestic utensil.

broomstick /ˈbɹum.stɪk/ broomsticks n
scuab caillí
A broom imbued with magic, enabling one to fly astride the handle.

broth /bɹɑθ/ /bɹɒθ/ /bɹɔθ/ broths n
anraith
(uncountable) Water in which food (meat or vegetable etc) has been boiled.
(countable) A soup made from broth and other ingredients such as vegetables, herbs or diced meat.

brother /ˈbɹɐðə/ /ˈbɹʊðə/ /ˈbɹʊðəɹ/ /ˈbɹʌvə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɹʌðə/ /ˈbɹʌðəɹ/ /ˈbɹʌðɚ/ brethren brothers n
deartháir
A male having at least one parent in common with another (see half-brother, stepbrother).
Someone who is a peer, whether male or female.
bráthair deartháir
A male fellow member of a religious community, church, trades union etc.

brother-in-law /ˈbɹʌðəɹ ɪn ˌlɔː/ /ˈbɹʌðɚ ɪn ˌlɑ/ /ˈbɹʌðɚ ɪn ˌlɔ/ brethren-in-law brother-in-laws brothers-in-law n
deartháir céile
The brother of the spouse of one's sibling.
The husband of the sibling of one's spouse.

brotherhood /ˈbɹʌð.əˌhʊd/ /ˈbɹʌð.ɚˌhʊd/ brotherhoods n
bráithreachas
An association of people for any purpose, such as a society of monks; a fraternity.

brotherliness brotherlinesses n
bráithriúlacht bráthairse
the characteristic of being brotherly

brotherly /ˈbɹʌð.ə.li/ /ˈbɹʌð.ɚ.li/ more brotherly most brotherly adj
bráithriúil
Of or characteristic of brothers.

brow /bɹaʊ/ brows n
mala
The projecting upper edge of a steep place such as a hill.

brown /bɹaʊn/ browner brownest more brown most brown adj
donn
Having a brown colour.

brown /bɹaʊn/ browns n
donn
(countable, and, uncountable) A colour like that of chocolate or coffee.

brown /bɹaʊn/ v
donnaigh
(intransitive) To become brown.
(cooking, transitive) To cook something until it becomes brown.

brown ale brown ales n
leann donn
A type of beer characterised by its brown colour and rich malty, hoppy flavour with hints of caramel.

brown bear brown bears n
béar donn
A species of bears native to northern America, Europe and Asia having brownish fur. (Ursus arctos)

brown bread brown breads n
arán donn arán rua caiscín
Bread with a brown colour as distinct from white bread, wholemeal, granary or other specific types of bread.

brown dwarf brown dwarfs brown dwarves n
abhac donn
(star) A starlike object that contracts to about the volume of Jupiter after its formation phase; its mass may range from several times that of Jupiter, such that it fuses deuterium, up to just below the threshold of sustained hydrogen fusion.

brown rat brown rats n
francach donn
A rat of species Rattus norvegicus, common worldwide.

brown sauce brown sauces n
anlann donn
A sauce made by the addition of stock to a heated and browned mixture of butter and flour.

brown trout brown trout n
breac donn
A nonmigratory freshwater trout of species Salmo trutta, with dark spotted skin, native to Europe and Asia.

brown-eyed adj
donnroscach
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see brown,‎ eyed; having brown eyes.

brown-haired adj
donn donnchiabhach
having hair of a brown color.

brownie /ˈbɹaʊni/ brownies n
donnóg
(usually, countable, culinary, originally, US) A small square piece of rich cake, usually made with chocolate. [from 1897]
gruagach
(folklore) A mythical creature, a helpful elf who would secretly do people's housework for them. [from 1510s]

brownish /ˈbɹaʊnɪʃ/ more brownish most brownish adj
scothdhonn
Of a colour which resembles brown; somewhat brown.

bruise /bɹuːz/ /bɹɪu̯z/ bruises n
ball gorm
A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow.
brú
A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface.

bruise /bɹuːz/ /bɹɪu̯z/ v
ballbhrúigh
(transitive) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it.
brúigh meil éirigh brúite
(intransitive) Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly.

brunette /bɹuˈnɛt/ /bɹuːnɛt/ adj
ceanndubh cúldubh donn donnchiabhach dubh dubhfholtach
(of a person) Having brown or black hair and, often, dark eyes and darkish or olive skin.

brunette /bɹuˈnɛt/ /bɹuːnɛt/ brunettes n
bean dhonn cailín donn
A person, especially female, with brown or black hair and, often, dark eyes and darkish or olive skin.

brush one's teeth v
do chuid fiacla a ní
To clean one's teeth, especially by using a toothbrush and toothpaste. (This entry is a translation hub.)

brusque /bɹuːsk/ /bɹʊsk/ /bɹʌsk/ brusquer brusquest more brusque most brusque adj
borb
Rudely abrupt; curt, unfriendly.

brutal /ˈbɹu.təl/ /ˈbɹuː.təl/ /ˈbɹʉː.təl/ [ˈbɹu.ɾəl] [ˈbɹʉː.ɾəl] more brutal most brutal adj
brúidiúil
Savagely violent, vicious, ruthless, or cruel.

brutality /bɹuˈtælɪɾi/ /bɹuːˈtælɪti/ brutalities n
brúidiúlacht
The state of being brutal.

brute /bɹut/ /bɹuːt/ more brute most brute adj
brúidiúil
Without reason or intelligence (of animals). [from 15th c.]
Characteristic of unthinking animals; senseless, unreasoning (of humans). [from 16th c.]
Brutal; cruel; fierce; ferocious; savage; pitiless.

brute /bɹut/ /bɹuːt/ brutes n
ainmhí
(archaic) An animal seen as being without human reason; a senseless beast. [from 17th c.]
ainmhí brúid
A person with the characteristics of an unthinking animal; a coarse or brutal person. [from 17th c.]

brutish /ˈbɹuːt.ɪʃ/ more brutish most brutish adj
brúidiúil
Of, or in the manner of a brute
ainmhíoch brúidiúil brútach madrúil
Bestial; lacking human sensibility

brutishness brutishnesses n
ainmhíocht brúidiúlacht brútaíocht
The characteristic of being brutish.

bryology n
brí-eolaíocht
(botany) The study of bryophytes (non-vascular plants including mosses, liverworts and hornworts).

bryozoan /ˌbɹɑɪəˈzəʊən/ bryozoans n
eicteapracht
(zoology) A member of the phylum Bryozoa of aquatic, usually colonial invertebrates. [from 19th c.]

bubble /ˈbʊb.əl/ /ˈbʌb.əl/ bubbles n
boilgeog bolgán
A spherically contained volume of air or other gas, especially one made from soapy liquid.

bubo /ˈbju.boʊ/ /ˈbjuː.bəʊ/ /ˈbu.boʊ/ buboes bubos n
cearc ascaille loch ascaille scairt ascaille
(pathology) An inflamed swelling of a lymph node, especially in the armpit or groin, due to an infection such as bubonic plague, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, or syphilis.

bubonic plague bubonic plagues n
plá bhúbónach
(disease) A contagious, often fatal, epidemic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, transmitted by the bite of fleas from an infected person or rodent, especially a rat, and characterized by delirium, chills, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and the formation of buboes.

buck /bʊk/ /bʌk/ bucks n
poc
A male deer, antelope, sheep, goat, rabbit, hare, and sometimes the male of other animals such as the hamster, ferret, shad and kangaroo.

buckbean buckbeans n
bearnán lachan báchrán pónaire chorraigh
A plant of speciesMenyanthes trifoliata, with racemes of white or reddish flowers and intensely bitter leaves, sometimes used in medicine.

bucket /ˈbʌkət/ /ˈbʌkɪt/ buckets n
buicéad pigín
The amount held in this container.
Part of a piece of machinery that resembles a bucket (container).

bucketful bucketfuls bucketsful n
lán buicéid
The quantity contained in a bucket.

buckle /ˈbʌk(ə)l/ /ˈbʌkl̩/ buckles n
búcla
A metal clasp with a hinged tongue or a spike through which a belt or strap is passed and penetrated by the tongue or spike, in order to fasten the ends of the belt together or to secure the strap to something else.

buckler /ˈbʌk.lə/ /ˈbʌk.lɚ/ bucklers n
eochairsciath
(obsolete) A shield resembling the Roman scutum. In modern usage, a smaller variety of shield is usually implied by this term.

buckskin buckskins n
craiceann fia
The skin of a male deer, a buck.

buckthorn buckthorns n
paide bréan
especially the common buckthorn or purging buckthorn; Rhamnus cathartica.

buckwheat /ˈbʌkwiːt/ /ˈbʌkʍiːt/ buckwheats n
ruán lus na gcearc ruán
An Asian plant, of the species Fagopyrum esculentum. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
ruán
(culinary) The fruit of this plant used as a pseudocereal.

bud /bʌd/ buds n
bachlóg
A newly sprouted leaf or blossom that has not yet unfolded.

bud /bʌd/ v
bachlaigh
(intransitive) To form buds.

buddha /ˈbudə/ /ˈbʊdə/ buddhas n
búda
A human being who has become enlightened (in Buddhism).

budgerigar /ˈbɐd͡ʒəɹiˌɡɐː/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒəɹiˌɡɑɹ/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒəɹiˌɡɑː/ budgerigars n
budragár
A species of small green parrot, Melopsittacus undulatus, native to inland Australia; a common cagebird throughout the world and bred in many colour varieties.

budget /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ət/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ɪt/ adj
saor
Appropriate to a restricted budget.

budget /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ət/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ɪt/ budgets n
buiséad
The amount of money or resources earmarked for a particular institution, activity or timeframe.
cáinaisnéis
An itemized summary of intended expenditure; usually coupled with expected revenue.

budgetary /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.əˌtɛɹ.i/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ɪ.tə.ɹi/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ɪ.tɹi/ adj
buiséadach cáinaisnéiseach
Of or pertaining to a budget.

buff /bʌf/ buffs n
díograiseoir
(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject.

buffalo /ˈbʌf.ə.loʊ/ /ˈbʌf.əl.əʊ/ buffalo buffaloes buffalos n
buabhall
An animal from the subtribe Bubalina, also known as true buffalos, such as the Cape buffalo, Syncerus caffer, or the water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis.
bíosún
A related North American animal, the American bison, Bison bison.

buffet /ˈbʌf.ət/ /ˈbʌf.ɪt/ v
gread
To affect as with blows; to strike repeatedly; to strive with or contend against.

buffoon /bəˈfuːn/ buffoons n
abhlóir drúth fuirseoir miodhlach óinmhid
One who acts in a silly or ridiculous fashion; a clown or fool.

buffoonery /bəˈfuːnəɹi/ buffooneries n
abhlóireacht
The behaviour expected of a buffoon; foolishness, silliness.

bug /bʌɡ/ bugs n
feithid
(gambling, slang) A metal clip attached to the underside of a table, etc. to hold hidden cards, as a form of cheating.

bugle /ˈbjuːɡəl/ bugles n
buabhall stoc
A simple brass instrument consisting of a horn with no valves, playing only pitches in its harmonic series

bugler buglers n
buabhallaí
Someone who plays a bugle.

build /bɪld/ builds n
cruth déanamh
(countable, uncountable) The physique of a human or animal body, or other object; constitution or structure.

build /bɪld/ v
tóg
(transitive) To form (something) by combining materials or parts.

build up v
neartaigh
To erect; to construct.
(intransitive, transitive, idiomatic) To accumulate, to pile up, to increase in stages.

builder /ˈbɪl.də/ /ˈbɪl.dɚ/ [ˈbɪɫ.ɾɚ] builders n
foirgneoir
A person who builds or constructs things.

building /ˈbɪl.dɪŋ/ buildings n
foirgneamh
(countable) A closed structure with walls and a roof.

bulb /ˈbʌb/ /ˈbʌlb/ bulbs n
bleib
A light bulb (not necessarily bulbous in shape).

bulbourethral gland bulbourethral glands n
faireog Cowper
An exocrine gland which secretes a clear fluid known as pre-ejaculate or Cowper’s fluid (colloquially known as “pre-cum”) which is generated upon sexual arousal.

bulimia /bjuˈlimi.ə/ /bjuˈlɪmi.ə/ /buˈlimi.ə/ /buˈlɪmi.ə/ bulimias n
búilime néarógach
(pathology) A chronic eating disorder characterized by a binge-and-purge cycle: extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting.

bulkhead /ˈbʌlk.hɛd/ bulkheads n
bulcaid
(nautical) A vertical partition dividing the hull into separate compartments; often made watertight to prevent excessive flooding if the ship's hull is breached.
(aerospace) A similar partition in an aircraft or spacecraft.

bulky /ˈbʌlki/ bulkier bulkiest adj
téagartha
Being large in size, mass, or volume; big, fat or muscular
Unwieldy.

bull /bʉl/ /ˈbʊl/ bulls n
bulla
A seal affixed to a document, especially a document from the Pope.
tarbh
Any adult male bovine.
An adult male of certain large mammals, such as whales, elephants, camels and seals.
bulla
(finance) An investor who buys (commodities or securities) in anticipation of a rise in prices.

bull /bʉl/ /ˈbʊl/ v
doir
(agriculture, transitive, of a bull) To mate with (a cow or heifer).

bull market bull markets n
margadh bullúil
(finance) A stock market where a majority of investors are buying ("bulls"), causing overall stock prices to rise.

bull ring bull rings n
cró tarbhchomhraic
(bullfighting) The area in which bullfighting takes place.

bullet /ˈbʊl.ɪt/ bullets n
piléar
A projectile, usually of metal, shot from a gun at high speed.
(informal) An entire round of unfired ammunition for a firearm, including the projectile, the cartridge casing, the propellant charge, etc.
(figuratively) Anything that is projected extremely fast.
urchar
(typography) A printed symbol in the form of a solid circle, “•”, often used to mark items in a list.

bullfighter bullfighters n
tarbhadóir tarbhchomhraiceoir
One who engages in bullfighting; a toreador or matador.

bullock /ˈbʊlək/ bullocks n
bullán
A castrated bull; an ox.

bullshit /ˈbʊlʃɪt/ n
cacamas
(vulgar, slang, usual sense) Statements that are false or exaggerated to impress or cheat the listener.

bully /ˈbʊli/ bullies n
ansmachtaí bulaí
A person who is intentionally physically or emotionally cruel to others, especially to those whom they perceive as being vulnerable or of less power or privilege. [from late 17th c.]

bully /ˈbʊli/ v
ansmachtaigh
(transitive) To intimidate (someone) as a bully.

bullying /ˈbʊl.i.ɪŋ/ bullyings n
ceanntrom
bulaíocht
An act of intimidating a person to do something, especially such repeated coercion.
Persistent acts intended to make life unpleasant for another person.

bulwark /ˈbʊl.wək/ /ˈbʊl.wɚk/ bulwarks n
bábhún
A defensive wall or rampart.

bum /bʌm/ bums n
bundún
(informal, _, or, _, childish, chiefly, Commonwealth) The buttocks.
(informal, _, or, _, childish, chiefly, Commonwealth) The anus.

bumblebee /ˈbʌmbl̩bi/ bumblebees n
bumbóg beach fhiáin
Any of several species of large bee in the genus Bombus.

bumpkin /ˈbʌmpkɪn/ bumpkins n
cábóg dundarlán tútachán
A clumsy, unsophisticated person; a yokel.

bumptious /ˈbʌmpʃəs/ more bumptious most bumptious adj
smugach stráisiúnta tollmhór
(UK) Obtrusively pushy; self-assertive to a pretentious extreme.

bumptiousness bumptiousnesses n
tollmhóire
The state of being bumptious; conceitedness.

bun /bʊn/ /bʌn/ buns n
borróg pocaid
A small bread roll that is sweetened or spiced.
cocán
A tight roll of hair worn at the back of the head.

bundle /ˈbʌnd(ə)l/ bundles n
allatán cuach
A group of objects held together by wrapping or tying.

bundle /ˈbʌnd(ə)l/ v
cuach
(transitive) To tie or wrap together into a bundle.

bungalow /ˈbʌŋɡl̩oʊ/ /ˈbʌŋɡl̩əʊ/ /ˈbʌŋɡəloʊ/ /ˈbʌŋɡələʊ/ bungalows n
bungaló
A thatched or tiled one-story house in India surrounded by a wide veranda; a similar house in this style.

bungler bunglers n
útamálaí
Someone who makes mistakes because of incompetence.

bungling bunglings n
útamáil
An act of incompetence or ineptitude.

bunion /ˈbʌnjən/ bunions n
buinneán
(pathology) A bump or bulge on the first joint of the big toe caused by the swelling of a sac of fluid under the skin.

bunk /bʌŋk/ bunks n
bunc
One of a series of berths or beds placed in tiers.
(nautical) A built-in bed on board ship, often erected in tiers one above the other.

bunk bed bunk beds n
leaba bhuinc
Two or more beds fixed on top of one another, so that one person can sleep in each bunk at a different height.

bunting /ˈbʌntɪŋ/ buntings n
gealóg
Any of various songbirds, mostly of the genus Emberiza, having short bills and brown or gray plumage.

buoy /ˈbu.i/ /ˈbwɔɪ/ /ˈbɔɪ/ buoys n
baoi
(nautical) A float moored in water to mark a location, warn of danger, indicate a navigational channel or for other purposes

buoy rope buoy ropes n
rópa bulla
(nautical) The rope that secures a buoy to an anchor on the seabed

buoyancy /ˈbɔɪ.ən.si/ buoyancies n
buacacht
(physics) The upward force on a body immersed or partly immersed in a fluid.
The ability of an object to stay afloat in a fluid.

bur-reed bur-reeds n
rísheisc
A group (genus Sparganium) of widespread flowering perennial marsh plants widespread in wet areas in temperate regions.

burden /ˈbɜːdn̩/ /ˈbɝdn̩/ burdens n
muirear
A heavy load.
A responsibility, onus.

burdock /ˈbɜːdɒk/ /ˈbɝːdɑːk/ burdocks n
copóg thuathail leadán liosta
Any of the species of biennial thistles in the genus Arctium.

bureaucracy /bjʊəˈɹɒkɹəsi/ /bjʊˈɹɑːkɹəsi/ bureaucracies n
maorlathas
(business, organizational theory) A system of administration based upon organisation into bureaus, division of labour, a hierarchy of authority, etc., designed to dispose of a large body of work in a routine manner.

bureaucrat /ˈbjʊəɹəkɹæt/ /ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/ bureaucrats n
maorlathaí
An official who is part of a bureaucracy.

bureaucratic more bureaucratic most bureaucratic adj
maorlathach
Of or pertaining to bureaucracy or the actions of bureaucrats.

burger /ˈbɜː(ɹ)ɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɝɡɚ/ burgers n
borgaire
(informal) A hamburger.

burgess /ˈbɜːd͡ʒɪs/ burgesses n
buirgéiseach
An inhabitant of a borough with full rights; a citizen.

burglar /ˈbɜːɡlə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɝɡlɚ/ burglars n
buirgléir

burglary /ˈbɜː.ɡlə.ɹi/ /ˈbɝ.ɡlɚ.i/ burglaries n
buirgléireacht
(law) Under the common law, breaking and entering of the dwelling of another at night with the intent to commit a felony.
The crime of unlawfully breaking into a vehicle, house, store, or other enclosure with the intent to steal.

burgundy /ˈbɜ.ɡən.di/ /ˈbɝ.ɡən.di/ more burgundy most burgundy adj
burgúnach
Of a deep purple red color like that of Burgundy wine.

burgundy /ˈbɜ.ɡən.di/ /ˈbɝ.ɡən.di/ burgundies n
burgúnach
A dark red colour tinged with purple, like that of Burgundy (red) wine.

burin /ˈbjʊɚ.ɪn/ /ˈbɝ.ɪn/ burins n
bior greanta
A chisel with a sharp point, used for engraving; a graver.

burlap /ˈbɜːlæp/ /ˈbɝlæp/ burlaps n
burlap
(US) A very strong, coarse cloth, made from jute, flax, or hemp, and used to make sacks, etc.

burly /ˈbɜːli/ burlier burliest adj
alpartha téagartha
(usually, of a man) Large, well-built, and muscular.

burn /bɜːn/ /bɝn/ v
dóigh
(transitive) To cause to be consumed by fire.

burnet saxifrage n
ainís fhiáin
Pimpinella saxifraga, a plant of the family Apiaceae.

burocratic more burocratic most burocratic adj
maorlathach
Of or pertaining to burocracy or the actions of burocrats.

burr /bɝ/ burrs n
burra

burrow /ˈbɜɹoʊ/ /ˈbʌɹoʊ/ /ˈbʌɹəʊ/ burrows n
poll uachais
A tunnel or hole, often as dug by a small creature.

bursary /ˈbɝsəɹi/ /ˈbɝsɚi/ bursaries n
sparánacht sparántacht
A monetary award to university students that allows them to continue their studies.

burst /bɜːst/ /bɝst/ bursts n
rois
An act or instance of bursting.

burst /bɜːst/ /bɝst/ v
pléasc
(transitive) To cause to break from internal pressure.
(transitive, obsolete) To cause to break by any means.

bury /ˈbeəɹiː/ /ˈbeɹiː/ /ˈbɚ.i/ /ˈbɛɹ.i/ /ˈbɜː.ɹi/ /ˈbʊ.ɹi/ /ˈbʌ.ɹi/ v
adhlaic cuir uaigh
(transitive) To ritualistically inter in a grave or tomb.

bury the hatchet v
an chloch a chaitheamh as an muinchille
(US, idiomatic) To cease fighting or arguing; to reach an agreement, or at least a truce.

bus /bɐs/ /bɔs/ /bʊs/ /bʊz/ /bʌs/ buses busses n
bus
(automotive) A motor vehicle for transporting large numbers of people along roads; by extension, the driver of said vehicle

bus lane bus lanes n
buslána lána bus
(automotive, roads) A traffic lane designated for the use of buses.

bus station bus stations n
busáras
A major bus stop, one that serves as a transfer point between a large number of routes.

bush /bʉʃ/ /bʊʃ/ bushes n
tor tom
(horticulture) A woody plant distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, being usually less than six metres tall; a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category.
iargúltacht
(Australia) The countryside area of Australia that is less arid and less remote than the outback; loosely, areas of natural flora even within conurbations.
(often with "the") Tracts of land covered in natural vegetation that are largely undeveloped and uncultivated.

bushel /ˈbʊʃəl/ bushels n
buiséal
A vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in measuring; a bushel measure.

business /ˈbɪd.nɪs/ /ˈbɪz.nəs/ /ˈbɪz.nəz/ /ˈbɪz.nɪs/ /ˈbɪz.nɪz/ businesses n
gnó gnólacht
(countable) A specific commercial enterprise or establishment.
gnó
(uncountable) Commercial, industrial, or professional activity.

business card business cards n
cárta gnó
A small card with a person's name and professional information (such as occupation, business phone number, e-mail address, etc.).

business class n
grád gnó
A high-quality class of travelling (especially in airlines), higher than economy class or budget, lower than first class.

businessman /ˈbɪznəsmæn/ /ˈbɪznəsmən/ /ˈbɪznɪsmən/ businessmen n
fear gnó
A man in business, one who works at a commercial institution.

busk /bʌsk/ busks n
righneadóir
A strip of metal, whalebone, wood, or other material, worn in the front of a corset to stiffen it.

busk /bʌsk/ v
buscáil
(intransitive) To solicit money by entertaining the public in the street or in public transport.

busker /ˈbʌskə/ /ˈbʌskɚ/ buskers n
fán-aisteoir
A person who solicits donations while entertaining the public, often by playing a musical instrument, on a street or in another public area such as a park or marketplace.

bust /ˈbʌst/ busts n
busta dealbh bhrád
A sculptural portrayal of a person's head and shoulders.

bustard /ˈbʌs.təd/ /ˈbʌs.tɚd/ bustards n
bustard
Any of several large terrestrial birds of the family Otididae that inhabit dry open country and steppes in the Old World.

busy /ˈbɪzi/ busier busiest adj
broidiúil gnóthach
Crowded with business or activities; having a great deal going on.

busybody busybodies n
gliúcálaí socadán duine déanfasach
Someone who interferes with others; one who is nosy, intrusive or meddlesome.

but /bət/ /bʊt/ /bʌt/ [bɐt] conjunction
ach
However, although, nevertheless, on the other hand (introducing a clause contrary to prior belief or in contrast with the preceding clause or sentence).
Except that (introducing a subordinate clause which qualifies a negative statement); also, with omission of the subject of the subordinate clause, acting as a negative relative, "except one that", "except such that".
(obsolete) Except with; unless with; without.

but for preposition
murach
Except, except for, not counting; were it not for.

butcher /ˈbʊt͡ʃ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈbʊt͡ʃ.ɚ/ butchers n
búistéir feolaire
A person who prepares and sells meat (and sometimes also slaughters the animals).

butcher's broom n
giolcach nimhe
Any plant of the genus Ruscus, especially Ruscus aculeatus.

butchershop butchershops n
siopa búistéara
(chiefly, US) A store that sells meat.

butchery butcheries n
búistéireacht feolaireacht
The butchering of meat.

butt /bʊt/ /bʌt/ butts n
buta
(countable) The larger or thicker end of something; the blunt end, in distinction from the sharp or narrow end
tump
A push, thrust, or sudden blow, given by the head; a head butt.
buta
(English units) An English measure of capacity for liquids, containing 126 wine gallons which is one-half tun; equivalent to the pipe.
A wooden cask for storing wine, usually containing 126 gallons.
bun bun toitín dóigh magaidh eala mhagaidh ula mhagaidh
(US) A crust end-piece of a loaf of bread.
dóigh magaidh eala mhagaidh ula mhagaidh
A piece of land left unplowed at the end of a field.
The portion of a half-coupling fastened to the end of a hose.
bun bun toitín
(usually as "butt of (a) joke") A person at whom ridicule, jest, or contempt is directed.
sprioc
A mark to be shot at; a target.

butte /ˈbjuːt/ /ˈbʌt/ buttes n
buta
(US) An isolated hill with steep sides and a flat top.

butter /ˈbatə/ /ˈbʊtə/ /ˈbʌtə/ /ˈbʌtəɹ/ /ˈbʌtɚ/ [ˈbaɾa] [ˈbɐtʰə] [ˈbʌɾɚ] [ˈbʌʔɚ] butters n
im
A soft, fatty foodstuff made by churning the cream of milk (generally cow's milk).

butterbur butterburs n
borrán gallán mór meacan an phobóil
Any of several Eurasian herbs, of the genus Petasites, having dense clusters of often purple flowers.

buttercream buttercreams n
uachtar ime
(cooking) A type of thick, sweet icing or cake-filling made by creaming butter (or sometimes another fat, such as margarine) with powdered sugar.

buttercup /ˈbʌt.ə.kʌp/ /ˈbʌt.ɚ.kʌp/ buttercups n
crobh préacháin fearbán
Any of many herbs, of the genus Ranunculus, having yellow flowers; the crowfoot.

butterfat /-ɾɚ-/ /ˈbʌtəfæt/ /ˈbʌtɚfæt/ butterfats n
saill ime
The fatty components of milk and other dairy products.

butterfly /ˈbʌtə(ɹ)flaɪ/ [ˈbʌtəflaɪ] [ˈbʌɾɚflaɪ] butterflies n
féileacán
A flying insect of the order Lepidoptera, distinguished from moths by their diurnal activity and generally brighter colouring. [from 11th c.]

buttermilk /ˈbʌtəˌmɪlk/ /ˈbʌtɚˌmɪlk/ buttermilks n
bláthach
The liquid left over after producing butter from full cream milk by the churning process, also called traditional buttermilk.

butternut squash butternut squashes n
puimcín imchnó
A vase-shaped orange-fleshed hard winter squash, a cultivar of Cucurbita moschata.

butterwort butterworts n
bodán meascáin leith uisce liath uisce
Any plant of the insectivorous genus Pinguicula.

buttery /ˈbʌtəɹi/ butterier butteriest adj
butrach
Made with or tasting of butter.

buttock /ˈbʌtək/ [ˈbɐtək] [ˈbəɾək] buttocks n
tóin
(usually, in the plural) Each of the two large fleshy halves of the posterior part of the body between the base of the back, the perineum and the top of the legs.

button /ˈbʌ.tən/ /ˈbʌt.n̩/ /ˈbʌʔ.n̩/ [ˈbʌʔ.tən] [ˈbʌʔ.tⁿn̩] buttons n
cnaipe cnaipí
A knob or disc that is passed through a loop or (buttonhole), serving as a fastener. [from mid-13th c.]
cnaipe
A mechanical device meant to be pressed with a finger in order to open or close an electric circuit or to activate a mechanism.
(graphical user interface) An on-screen control that can be selected as an activator of an attached function.
(botany) A bud.

button mushroom button mushrooms n
beacán cnaipe muisiriún cnaipe
Agaricus bisporus, the white or common mushroom.

buttonhole buttonholes n
poll cnaipe
A hole through which a button is pushed to secure a garment or some part of one.
(attributive) So shaped that it can be worn on a buttonhole or it is similar to a buttonhole.
(chiefly, British) A flower worn in a buttonhole for decoration.

buttonhook buttonhooks n
crúca cnaipe
(sewing) A hook used to pull thread through the holes of a button.

buttonmaker buttonmakers n
cnaipeadóir
A manufacturer of buttons.

butyric more butyric most butyric adj
butrach
(rare) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of butter
butrach bútarach
(organic chemistry) Of, pertaining to, or derived from butyric acid or any of the isomeric univalent radicals of formula C3H7CO2-

buy /baɪ/ v
ceannaigh
(transitive, archaic) To suffer consequences for (something) through being deprived of something; to pay for (something one has done).

buyer's market buyer's markets buyers' markets n
margadh ceannaitheora
(business) An excess of supply over demand, leading to abnormally low prices.

buzzard /ˈbʌzəɹd/ buzzards n
clamhán
Any of several Old World birds of prey of the genus Buteo with broad wings and a broad tail.

buzzword /ˈbʌzwɜː(ɹ)d/ buzzwords n
dordfhocal
(pejorative) A word drawn from, or imitative of, technical jargon, used more to impress others than to convey meaning.

by Jove interjection
dar Donn dar lia
(obsolete, Classics) Invocation of the Roman god Jupiter.

by a hair's breadth
idir cleith agus ursain
(idiom) By a narrow margin.

by and by adv
ar ball
After an indefinite period.

by oneself
i d'aonar
Alone; without assistance or help from others.
leat féin
Alone, without another's immediate company.

by the skin of one's teeth
idir cleith agus ursain
(idiomatic) barely; closely; by a narrow margin; with nothing to spare.

by the way
dála an scéil
(conjunctive, idiomatic) Incidentally; used in referencing a parenthetical statement not timely, central, or crucial to the topic at hand; foregone, passed by, something that has already happened.

by virtue of /-tjuː-/ /baɪ ˈvɜːtʃuː ɒv/ /baɪ ˈvɝtʃu ʌv/ preposition
de thairbhe
(idiomatic) (originally) By the authority or power of; (now) because of; on the grounds of; by reason of.

by-election by-elections n
fothoghchán
An election held to fill a political office that has become vacant between general elections.

bylaw /ˈbaɪ.lɑ/ /ˈbaɪ.lɔ/ /ˈbaɪ.lɔː/ bylaws n
fodhlí
A local custom or law of a settlement or district.
A rule made by a local authority to regulate its own affairs.

bypass /ˈbaɪpæs/ /ˈbaɪpɑːs/ bypasses n
seachbhealach seachbhóthar seachród
A replacement road for obsolete road that no longer in use because devastating natural disasters (earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides).
seach-chonair
(medicine) An alternative passage created to divert a bodily fluid around a damaged organ; the surgical procedure to construct such a bypass.

byproduct byproducts n
fothoradh fotháirge seachtháirge
secondary or additional product

byre /ˈbaɪɚ/ byres n
bóitheach cró beithíoch
(chiefly, British) A barn, especially one used for keeping cattle in.

byroad byroads n
cúlbhóthar fobhóthar seachród
A road less frequented than a highway; a byway.

béchamel sauce béchamel sauces n
brachán bán brachán plúir
A simple white sauce made from a roux of butter and flour to which is added hot milk.

cabbage /ˈkæbɪd͡ʒ/ cabbages n
cabáiste cál
(uncountable) The leaves of this plant eaten as a vegetable.
(uncountable, slang) Money.

cabin /ˈkæbɪn/ cabins n
bothán
(US) A small dwelling characteristic of the frontier, especially when built from logs with simple tools and not constructed by professional builders, but by those who meant to live in it.

cabinet /ˈkæb.nət/ /ˈkæb.nɪt/ /ˈkæb.ə.nət/ /ˈkæb.ɪ.nɪt/ cabinets n
caibinéad
A storage closet either separate from, or built into, a wall.
airí rialtais comh-aireacht
(politics, often, capitalized) In parliamentary and some other systems of government, the group of ministers responsible for creating government policy and for overseeing the departments comprising the executive branch.

cable /ˈkeɪ.bəl/ cables n
cábla
A strong, large-diameter wire or rope, or something resembling such a rope.

cable modem cable modems n
móideim cábla
(Internet) A modem that provides data communication via radio frequency channels over any of a variety of cable types to establish a cable internet connection.

cacao /kəˈkaʊ̯/ /kəˈkeɪ̯oʊ̯/ /kəˈkeɪ̯əʊ̯/ /kəˈkɑːəʊ̯/ [kəˈkʰaʊ̯] [kəˈkʰeɪ̯oʊ̯] [kəˈkʰeɪ̯əʊ̯] [kəˈkʰɑːəʊ̯] cacaos n
crann cócó
A tree, Theobroma cacao, whose seed is used to make chocolate.
síol cócó
The seed of this tree, the cocoa bean.

cack /kæk/ cacks n
cac
Excrement.

cack /kæk/ v
cac
(transitive) To defecate (on); to shit.

cadastral more cadastral most cadastral adj
cadastrach
(cartography) of or relating to a cadastre

cadastre /kəˈdæstəɹ/ cadastres n
cadastar
(cartography) A public survey of land, originally for the purpose of taxation and to create an official register of land ownership.

cadaverine /kəˈdævəɹɪn/ cadaverines n
cadavairín
A foul-smelling diamine produced by protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue. Cadaverine is a toxic diamine with the formula NH2(CH2)5NH2.

caddish more caddish most caddish adj
dailtíneach
Characteristic of a cad, discourteous, ungentlemanly, dishonorable.

cadet /kəˈdɛt/ cadets n
dalta dalta airm
A student at a military school who is training to be an officer.

cadmium /ˈkædmiəm/ cadmiums n
caidmiam
A chemical element (symbol Cd) with an atomic number of 48: a soft, silvery-white metal.

caecum /ˈsiː.kəm/ caeca caecums n
caochán
(anatomy) A cavity open at one end (such as the blind end of a duct), especially a blind pouch connected to the large intestine between the ileum and the colon.

caesium /ˈsiːzi.əm/ n
caeisiam
The chemical element (symbol Cs) with an atomic number of 55. It is a soft, gold-colored, highly reactive alkali metal.

caffeine /kæˈfiːn/ /ˈkæfiːn/ caffeines n
caiféin
An alkaloid, C8H10N4O2, found naturally in tea and coffee plants, which acts as a mild stimulant on the central nervous system. [from 1830]

café /ˈkæfeɪ/ /ˌkæˈfeɪ/ cafés n
caifé
A coffee shop; an establishment selling coffee and sometimes other non-alcoholic beverages, simple meals or snacks, with a facility to consume them on the premises.

cage /keɪd͡ʒ/ cages n
cás
An enclosure made of bars, normally to hold animals.
cábán
The passenger compartment of a lift.

cairn /kɛən/ /kɛəɹn/ cairns n
carn leacht
A rounded or conical heap of stones erected by early inhabitants of the British Isles, apparently as a sepulchral monument.

caisson /ˈkeɪ.sɑn/ /ˈkeɪ.sən/ caissons n
vaigín armlóin
(military) A two-wheeled, horse-drawn military vehicle used to carry ammunition (and a coffin at funerals).

cajole /kəˈdʒəʊl/ /kəˈd͡ʒoʊl/ v
bladair
(ambitransitive) To persuade someone to do something which they are reluctant to do, especially by flattery or promises; to coax.

cajolement cajolements n
bladar plámás
The act of cajoling or the state of being cajoled.

cake /keɪk/ [ˈk̟ʰeɪ̯k̚] cakes n
císte cáca milis
A rich, sweet dessert food, typically made of flour, sugar, and eggs and baked in an oven, and often covered in icing.
cáca
A small mass of baked dough, especially a thin loaf from unleavened dough.
A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a griddlecake or pancake.
bloc
A block of any various dense materials.

cake /keɪk/ [ˈk̟ʰeɪ̯k̚] v
calc
(intransitive) Of blood or other liquid, to dry out and become hard.

cake mix cake mixes n
meascán císte
A powdered mixture of the dry ingredients used to produce a cake or the finished mixture before baking.

cake tin cake tins n
stán cáca stán císte
The tin in which a cake is baked.

calamity /kəˈlæmɪti/ calamities n
anachain
An event resulting in great loss.

calciferous more calciferous most calciferous adj
calcmhar
Yielding or containing calcium, calcium carbonate or calcite.

calcite /ˈkælˌsaɪt/ calcites n
cailcít
(mineral) A very widely distributed crystalline form of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, found as limestone, chalk and marble.

calcium /ˈkæl.ʃəm/ /ˈkælsi.əm/ calciums n
cailciam
The chemical element (Symbol Ca), with an atomic number 20. It is a soft, silvery-white alkaline earth metal which occurs naturally as carbonate in limestone and as silicate in many rocks.

calculation /kælkjuˈleɪʃən/ /kælkjəˈleɪʃən/ /kælkjəˈlæɪʃən/ calculations n
suim
(mathematics, countable) The result of calculating.
ríomh
(chess, uncountable) The act or process of imagining sequences of potential moves and responses without actually moving the pieces.

calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/ /ˈkæl.kjə.leɪ.tə(ɹ)/ [ˈkʰæɫ.kjəˌleɪ̯.ɾɚ] calculators n
áireamhán
A mechanical or electronic device that performs mathematical calculations.

calculus /ˈkæl.kjə.ləs/ /ˈkæl.kjʊ.ləs/ calculi calculuses n
calcalas
(countable, mathematics) Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules.

caldera /kælˈdɛə.ɹə/ /kælˈdɛɹ.ə/ /ˈkɔːl.də.ɹə/ calderas n
caildéara
(vulcanology) A large crater formed by collapse of the cone or edifice of a volcano.

calendar /ˈkæl.ən.də/ /ˈkæl.ən.dɚ/ [ˈkʰæl.(ə)n.dɚ] calendars n
féilire
Any system by which time is divided into days, weeks, months, and years.
A means to determine the date consisting of a document containing dates and other temporal information.
A list of planned events.

calends /ˈkæləndz/ /ˈkælɪndz/ n
calláin
(historical, Ancient Rome) The first day of a month of the Roman calendar.

calf /kaf/ /keɪf/ /kæf/ /kɐːf/ /kɑːf/ calfs calves n
lao gamhain
A young cow or bull.

calfskin calfskins n
craiceann lao
A fine leather made from the hide of a calf.

californium /ˌkælɪˈfɔɹniəm/ /ˌkælɪˈfɔːniəm/ n
calafoirniam
A strongly radioactive and highly fissile transuranic chemical element (symbol Cf) with an atomic number of 98.

caliph /ˈkeɪlɪf/ /ˈkælɪf/ caliphs n
cailif
Monarchical title based on claim to be a successor of Muhammad.

caliphate /ˈkælɪfeɪt/ caliphates n
cailifeacht
Monarchical government based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad, ruled by a caliph.

call /koːl/ /kɑl/ /kɔl/ /kɔːl/ [kʰoɫ] [kʰɑɫ] [kʰɔɫ] calls n
glao glaoch
A telephone conversation; a phone call.
glao
A cry or shout.
A pipe or other instrument to call birds or animals by imitating their note or cry. A game call.
(US, law) A reference to, or statement of, an object, course, distance, or other matter of description in a survey or grant requiring or calling for a corresponding object, etc., on the land.
glaoch
A beckoning or summoning.

call /koːl/ /kɑl/ /kɔl/ /kɔːl/ [kʰoɫ] [kʰɑɫ] [kʰɔɫ] v
glaoigh scairt
(intransitive) To request, summon, or beckon.
glaoigh scairt tabhair ar
To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely; to characterize without strict regard to fact.

call a spade a spade v
ná baintear an t-ainm den bhairín, den bhlonag
(idiomatic) To put it bluntly, to be outspoken; to speak the truth, to say things as they really are.

call an ambulance phraseologicalUnit
glaoigh ar otharcharr
Use a telephone to ensure arrival of an ambulance

call number call numbers n
gairmuimhir
(library science) An identification number, usually consisting of a combination of numbers and characters, used to identify and locate materials within a library; the shelfmark that conveys it.

call out v
tabhair dúshlán
(transitive, archaic) To challenge (someone) to a duel.

call the fire department phraseologicalUnit
glaoigh ar na briogáid dóiteáin

call the police phraseologicalUnit
glaoigh ar na gardaí
Use a telephone to request the arrival of a police officer.

call to prayer calls to prayer n
gairm chun urnaí
A public proclamation made five times a day in Muslim societies, broadcast from the mosques, to mark out the ordained occasions for worship.

calligrapher /kəˈlɪɡɹəfɚ/ calligraphers n
callagrafaí
one who practices calligraphy

calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡɹəfi/ calligraphies n
callagrafaíocht
(uncountable) The art or practice of writing letters and words in a decorative style; the letters and words so written.

callous /ˈkæləs/ more callous most callous adj
cranrach fadharcánach
(literal) Having calluses, or relating to calluses.

callousness callousnesses n
cruachroíocht
The quality of being callous; emotional hardheartedness or indifference.

callow /ˈkaləʊ/ /ˈkæloʊ/ callower callowest more callow most callow adj
gan cleiteacha scallta
Unfledged (of a young bird), featherless.
gan chiall
(by extension) Immature, lacking in life experience.

calm /kam/ /kaɹm/ /kaːm/ /kæm/ /kɑlm/ /kɑm/ /kɑːm/ /kɔlm/ [kʰa(ː)m] [kʰäː(ɫ)m] [kʰɐːm] [kʰɑːm] [kʰɒː(ɫ)m] calmer calmest more calm most calm adj
calma
socair suaimhneach
(of a person) Peaceful, quiet, especially free from anger and anxiety.
ciúin socair suaimhneach
(of a place or situation) Free of noise and disturbance.

calm before the storm calms before storms n
ciúnas roimh an doineann cothú na doininne
(idiomatic) A period of peace before a disturbance or crisis; an unnatural or false calm before a storm.

calorie /ˈkæləɹi/ calories n
calra
(physical chemistry, physics, obsolete) The gram calorie or small calorie, a non-SI unit of energy, equivalent to approximately 4.2 joules. This unit was widely used in chemistry and physics, being the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C.

calorimeter /ˌkæləˈɹɪmɪtɚ/ calorimeters n
calraiméadar
(physics) An apparatus for measuring the heat generated or absorbed by either a chemical reaction, change of phase or some other physical change.

calorimetry calorimetries n
calraiméadracht
(physics) The science of measuring the heat absorbed or evolved during the course of a chemical reaction or change of state.

calque /kælk/ calques n
lomaistriúchán
(linguistics, translation studies) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language.

caltrop /ˈkæltɹəp/ /ˈkɔːltɹəp/ caltrops n
grán catha
(weaponry) A small, metal object with spikes arranged so that, when thrown onto the ground, one always faces up as a threat to pedestrians, horses, and vehicles (also used as a heraldic charge).

calumnious more calumnious most calumnious adj
guilmneach
Possessing the traits of calumny.

calumny /kəˈlʌmni/ /ˈkæləmni/ calumnies n
guilmne
(uncountable) Falsifications or misrepresentations intended to disparage or discredit another.

calyx /ˈkeɪ.lɪks/ /ˈkæ.lɪks/ calyces calyxes n
cocán
(botany) The outermost whorl of flower parts, comprising the sepals, which covers and protects the petals as they develop.

camel /ˈkæməl/ camels n
camall
A beast of burden, much used in desert areas, of the genus Camelus.

camera /ˈkæməɹə/ /ˈkæmɹə/ camerae cameras cameræ n
ceamara grianghrafadán
(photography) A device for taking still or moving pictures or photographs.
ceamara ceamara scannán físcheamara grianghrafadán
(computer graphics, video games) The viewpoint in a three-dimensional game or simulation.

camogie /kəˈmoʊɡi/ n
camógaíocht
A women's stick-and-ball sport from Ireland, almost identical to hurling.

camomile /ˈkæ.məˌmaɪl/ /ˈkæ.məˌmil/ camomiles n
camán meall camán míonla
Chamaemelum nobile (formerly Anthemis nobilis), English chamomile or Roman chamomile, a ground cover with fragrant foliage.
fíogadán
Matricaria recutita (formerly known as Matricaria chamomilla), German chamomile or Hungarian chamomile, with fragrant flowers used for tea, and as an herbal remedy.

camomile tea camomile teas n
tae fíogadáin
A beverage made by infusing the leaves of the camomile plant (either Matricaria recutita or Chamaemelum nobile) in hot water.

camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/ camouflages n
duaithníocht
A disguise or covering up.
The act of disguising.

camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/ v
duaithnigh
To hide or disguise something by covering it up or changing the way it looks.

camp /kæmp/ [kʰeəmp] [kʰɛəmp] camper campest adj
piteogach
(of a, man) Ostentatiously effeminate.

camp /kæmp/ [kʰeəmp] [kʰɛəmp] camps n
campa
An outdoor place acting as temporary accommodation in tents or other temporary structures.
An organised event, often taking place in tents or temporary accommodation.
A base of a military group, not necessarily temporary.

camp /kæmp/ [kʰeəmp] [kʰɛəmp] v
campáil
To set up a camp.
(intransitive, obsolete) To fight; contend in battle or in any kind of contest; to strive with others in doing anything; compete.

camp bed camp beds n
leaba champa
(chiefly, UK) A lightweight portable bed used by the military, campers, etc.

campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ /kəmˈpeɪn/ campaigns n
feachtas
A series of operations undertaken to achieve a set goal.

campanology campanologies n
clingireacht
The study of bells and their casting, tuning, and ringing.

camper /ˈkæmpə/ /ˈkæmpɚ/ campers n
campálaí
A person who camps, especially in a tent etc.

campground campgrounds n
láthair champála
An area where tents are pitched.

camping /ˈkæmp.ɪŋ/ campings n
campáil
(uncountable) The recreational or educational activity of temporarily living in a tent or similar accommodation.

campus /ˈkæmpəs/ /ˈkæmpʊs/ campuses campusses n
campas
The grounds or property of a school, college, university, business, church, or hospital, often understood to include buildings and other structures.
An institution of higher education and its ambiance.

can /kən/ /ˈkæn/ /ˈkɛn/ [kʰn̩] [kʰən] [ˈkʰan] [ˈkʰæn] [ˈkʰɛən ~ ˈkʰeən] [ˈkʰɛːn] [ˈkʰɛˑn] v
féad is féidir le tig le in ann
(auxiliary, _, verb, defective) To know how to; to be able to.

can I come in /kən ˌaɪ kʌm ˈɪn/ [kən ˌaɪ kʰɐm ˈɪn] [kən ˌaɪ kʰʌm ˈɪn] phraseologicalUnit
ar féidir liom teacht isteach?
Asks for permission to enter a room.

canal /kəˈnæl/ /kəˈnɛl/ canals n
canáil
An artificial waterway or artificially improved river used for travel, shipping, or irrigation.
canáil conair
(anatomy) A tubular channel within the body.

canalise /kəˈnæl.aɪz/ /ˈkæn.ə.laɪz/ v
treoraigh
(transitive, British spelling) To channel the flow of.

cancel /ˈkæn.sl̩/ [ˈkɛən.sl̩ ~ ˈkeən.sl̩] v
síog
(transitive) To cross out something with lines etc.
cealaigh
(transitive) To invalidate or annul something.

cancer /ˈkænsə/ /ˈkænsɚ/ /ˈkæːnsə/ cancers n
ailse
(medicine, oncology, disease) A disease in which the cells of a tissue undergo uncontrolled (and often rapid) proliferation.

cancerous /ˈkænsəɹəs/ more cancerous most cancerous adj
ailseach
(oncology) Relating to or affected with cancer.

candelabrum /kændɪˈleɪbɹəm/ /kændɪˈlɑːbɹəm/ /ˌkæn.dl̩ˈæ.bɹəm/ /ˌkæn.dl̩ˈɑ.bɹəm/ candelabra candelabrums n
coinnleoir craobhach
A candle holder.

candidate /ˈkæn.dɪ.deɪt/ /ˈkæn.dɪ.dɪt/ /ˈkæn.dɪdət/ /ˈkæn.ɪ.deɪt/ /ˈkæn.ɪ.dɪt/ candidates n
iarrthóir
A person who is running in an election.

candidiasis /ˌkændɪˈdaɪəsɪs/ candidiases n
ionfhabhtú giosta
(pathology) A fungal infection of any of the Candida (yeast) species.

candle /ˈkændl̩/ /ˈkændəl/ candles n
coinneal
A light source consisting of a wick embedded in a solid, flammable substance such as wax, tallow, or paraffin.

candle snuffer candle snuffers n
smóladán
A device made to extinguish (snuff out) a candle.

candle wax candle waxes n
céir choinnle
Any material, such as stearin or tallow, used to make the body of candles

candlestick /ˈkændl̩ˌstɪk/ /ˈkændəlˌstɪk/ candlesticks n
coinnleoir
A holder with a socket or spike for a candle.

candy /ˈkændi/ candies n
milseán
(countable, chiefly, North America, Philippines) A piece of confectionery of this kind.

candy cane /ˈkændi ˌkeɪn/ candy canes n
cána candaí maide milis
(US, Canada) An edible candy in the shape of a cane or staff, generally consumed during Christmas time and usually having a peppermint flavor.

canful canfuls cansful n
lán canna lán ceaintín
As much as a can will hold.

canine /kəˈnaɪn/ /ˈkeɪnaɪn/ /ˈkeɪˌnaɪn/ /ˈkænaɪn/ adj
cainíneach
Of, or pertaining to, a dog or dogs.

canine tooth canine teeth n
cíocrán gonán géarán
One of the pointed teeth behind the incisors and in front of the premolar teeth.

caning /ˈkeɪnɪŋ/ canings n
failpeadh
A beating with a cane.

canister /ˈkænɪstɚ/ canisters n
boiscín stáin ceanastar
Any of various cylindrical metal receptacles usually with a removable close-fitting top.
ceanastar
A projectile component containing colored or screening smoke or riot control agent composition.

cannabis /ˈkænəbɪs/ cannabises n
cannabas
A mildly euphoriant or sedating, intoxicating hallucinogenic drug prepared from various parts of this plant.

canned /kænd/ adj
stáin
Preserved in cans.

canned laughter n
gáire bréige
Prerecorded laughter that is edited into the soundtrack of a TV program.

cannibal /ˈkænɪbəl/ cannibals n
canablach
An organism which eats others of its own species or kind, especially a human who eats human flesh.

canning /ˈkænɪŋ/ cannings n
cannú
The process of preserving food by heat processing in a sealed vessel (a jar or can).

cannon /ˈkæn.ən/ cannon cannons n
canóin
(historical) A large muzzle-loading artillery piece.
(Chinese chess) A piece which moves horizontally and vertically like a rook but captures another piece by jumping over a different piece in the line of attack.

cannon fodder n
bia gunna mhóir
Military forces considered to be expendable.

canoe /kəˈnuː/ canoes n
báidín canú curach curach chaol curachán
A small long and narrow boat, propelled by one or more people (depending on the size of canoe), using single-bladed paddles. The paddlers face in the direction of travel, in either a seated position, or kneeling on the bottom of the boat. Canoes are open on top, and pointed at both ends.

canon /ˈkæn.ən/ canons n
canóin
A eucharistic prayer, particularly the Roman Canon.
A piece of music in which the same melody is played by different voices, but beginning at different times; a round.

canonization canonizations n
naomhainmniú
(Christianity) The final process or decree (following beatification) by which the name of a deceased person is placed in the catalogue (canon) of saints and commended to perpetual veneration and invocation.
The state of being canonized or sainted.

canonize /ˈkænənaɪz/ /ˈkænəˌnaɪz/ v
naomhainmnigh canónaigh
(chiefly, Roman Catholicism) To declare (a deceased person) as a saint, and enter them into the canon of saints.

canopy /ˈkæ.nə.pi/ canopies n
ceannbhrat
The zone of the highest foliage and branches of a forest.

cant hook cant hooks n
luamhán crúca
A traditional logging tool consisting of a wooden lever handle with a movable metal hook at one end, used for handling and moving logs.

cantaloupe /ˈkæn.tə.loʊp/ /ˈkæn.tə.luːp/ cantaloupes n
cantalúp
A melon of species Cucumis melo subsp. melo with sweet orange flesh, with numerous cultivars in several cultivar groups.

cantankerous /kænˈtæŋkəɹəs/ /kənˈtæŋkəɹəs/ more cantankerous most cantankerous adj
agóideach anglánta
Given to or marked by an ill-tempered, quarrelsome nature; ill-tempered, cranky, crabby.

cantata /kənˈtɑːtə/ cantatas cantate n
cantáid
(music) A vocal composition accompanied by instruments and generally containing more than one movement, typical of 17th and 18th century Italian music.

canteen /kænˈtin/ /kænˈtiːn/ [kʰɛə̯nˈtin] canteens n
bialann ceaintín
A small cafeteria or snack bar, especially one in a military establishment, school, or place of work.

canticle /ˈkæntɪkəl/ canticles n
caintic
A chant, hymn or song, especially a nonmetrical one, with words from a biblical text.

canton /ˈkæntn̩/ /ˈkæntɒn/ cantons n
cantún
A division of Luxembourg, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, etc.
A subdivision of an arrondissement of France.
cúinneán
(heraldiccharge) A division of a shield occupying one third of the chief, usually on the dexter side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top meeting a horizontal line from the side.

canvas /ˈkænvæs/ /ˈkænvəs/ canvases canvasses n
anairt canbhás
A type of coarse cloth, woven from hemp, useful for making sails and tents or as a surface for paintings.

canvasback canvasbacks n
lacha Mheiriceánach
A North American wild duck, Aythya valisineria, popular as a game bird.

cap /kæp/ [kʰæp] caps n
caipín caidhp
(obsolete) A respectful uncovering of the head.

capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ /ˌkæɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ [ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] [ˌkæɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] capabilities n
cumas
the power or ability to generate an outcome

capable /ˈkeɪpəbəl/ more capable most capable adj
cumasach
Able and efficient; having the ability needed for a specific task; having the disposition to do something; permitting or being susceptible to something.

capacious /kəˈpeɪʃəs/ more capacious most capacious adj
dea-láin
Having a lot of space inside; roomy.

capacitor /kəˈpæ.sə.ɾɚ/ /kəˈpæ.sɪ.tə/ capacitors n
toilleoir
(electronics) An electronic component capable of storing electrical energy in an electric field; especially one consisting of two conductors separated by a dielectric.

capacity /kəˈpæsɪti/ capacities n
acmhainn
The ability to hold, receive, or absorb
feidhmeannas
A role; the position in which one functions

caparison caparisons n
gléas
The often ornamental coverings for an animal, especially a horse or an elephant.
Gay or rich clothing.

cape /keɪp/ capes n
ceann tíre rinn
(geography) A piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into a sea or lake; a promontory; a headland.
clóca
A sleeveless garment or part of a garment, hanging from the neck over the back, arms, and shoulders.

caper /ˈkeɪpə/ /ˈkeɪpɚ/ capers n
capras
The pungent grayish green flower bud of the European and Oriental caper (Capparis spinosa), which is pickled and eaten.
tor caprais
A plant of the genus Capparis.

capercaillie /kæpəˈkeɪli/ /kæpɚˈkeɪli/ capercaillies n
capall coille
A large, black grouse of the genus Tetrao in the bird family Phasianidae, especially the western capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus.

capful /ˈkæpfʊl/ capfuls capsful n
lán caipín
The amount that will fit into a cap.

capital /ˈkæpɪtəl/ [ˈkʰæp.ɪ.ɾɫ̩] capitals n
caipiteal
(uncountable, business, finance, insurance) Money and wealth. The means to acquire goods and services, especially in a non-barter system.

capital city /ˌkæpɪtəl ˈsɪti/ capital cities n
príomhchathair ardchathair ceannphort
A city (or cities) much larger or more important to a country than all others, regardless of the actual seat of government (cf., Moscow and Saint Petersburg regardless of moves of the Russian government; Amsterdam despite the Dutch government having been situated in The Hague since 1588).

capital expenditure capital expenditures n
caiteachas caipitiúil
Funds spent by a company to acquire or upgrade a long-term asset.

capital gain capital gains n
gnóthachan caipitiúil
(economics) An increase in the value of a capital asset.
(business, finance) An amount by which the value or the proceeds of the sale of a capital asset by its owner exceed its cost to the owner.

capital letter capital letters n
ceannlitir

capital market capital markets n
margadh caipitil
(finance) The market for long-term securities, including the stock market and the bond market.

capital punishment capital punishments n
pionós báis
The practice of putting a person to death as a punishment for a crime.

capitalism /ˈkapɪt(ə)lɪz(ə)m/ /ˈkæpɪ̈tl̩ˌɪzm̩/ capitalisms n
caipitleachas rachmasaíocht
(politics, economic liberalism) A socio-economic system based on private property rights, including the private ownership of resources or capital, with economic decisions made largely through the operation of a market unregulated by the state.

capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/ more capitalist most capitalist adj
rachmasaíoch caipitlíoch
Supporting or endorsing capitalism.

capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/ capitalists n
caipitlí rachmasaí
The owner of a considerable amount of capital; a wealthy person.
A person who is a supporter of capitalism.

caprice /kəˈpɹiːs/ caprices n
fíbín
An impulsive, seemingly unmotivated action, change of mind, or notion.

capricious /kəˈpɹɪʃəs/ more capricious most capricious adj
meonúil
Impulsive and unpredictable; determined by chance, impulse, or whim.

capsize /kæpˈsaɪz/ v
iompaigh béal faoi
(transitive, nautical) To cause (a ship) to overturn.

capsular adj
cochallach
Of, pertaining to, or resembling a capsule.

captain /ˈkæp.tən/ /ˈkæp.tɪn/ /ˈkæp.ən/ [ˈkæpm̩] [ˈkæpn̩] captains n
captaen
The person lawfully in command of a ship or other vessel.
An army officer with a rank between the most senior grade of lieutenant and major.
A commissioned officer in the United States Navy, Coast Guard, NOAA Corps, or PHS Corps of a grade superior to a commander and junior to a rear admiral (lower half). A captain is equal in grade or rank to a United States Army, Marine Corps, or Air Force colonel.
One of the athletes on a sports team who is designated to make decisions, and is allowed to speak for his team with a referee or official.

caption /ˈkæp.ʃən/ captions n
ceannscríbhinn foscríbhinn fotheideal teideal
A title or brief explanation attached to an illustration, cartoon, user interface element, etc.

captious /ˈkæpʃəs/ more captious most captious adj
beachtaíoch gearrghreamannach
Having a disposition to find fault unreasonably or to raise petty objections; cavilling, nitpicky.

captive /ˈkæptɪv/ captives n
braighdeanach broid cime príosúnach
One who has been captured or is otherwise confined.
cime
One held prisoner.
A captive insurance company, a subsidiary of a company used as its internal insurer.

captivity /kæpˈtɪvɪti/ captivities n
broid
The state of being captive.

capture /ˈkæp.t͡ʃə/ /ˈkæp.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈkæp.ʃə/ /ˈkæp.ʃɚ/ captures n
gabháil
The securing of an object of strife or desire, as by the power of some attraction.

capuchin monkey capuchin monkeys n
moncaí cochallach
A New World monkey of the genus Cebus, coloured black on the top of the head.

capybara /kapɪˈbɑːɹə/ /ˌkæpiˈbæɹə/ /ˌkæpiˈbɑɹə/ /ˌkæpiˈbɛɹə/ capybaras n
capabára
A semi-aquatic South American rodent, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, the largest living rodent.

car /kɑɹ/ /kɑː/ [kʰaː] [kʰäɾ] cars n
carr gluaisteán
A wheeled vehicle that moves independently, with at least three wheels, powered mechanically, steered by a driver and mostly for personal transportation.

carabiner /ˈkɛ.ɹəˌbi.nɚ/ /ˌkæ.ɹəˈbiː.nə/ carabiners n
crúca cairbíneach
A metal link with a gate that can open and close, generally used for clipping ropes to anchors or other objects.

caracal /ˈkeɚ.əˌkæl/ /ˈkæ.ɹəˌkæl/ /ˈkæɹ.əˌkæl/ /ˈkɛɚ.əˌkæl/ caracals n
lincse chluasdubh
A type of cat native to Southern Africa, West Asia, and parts of Central and South Asia, Caracal caracal.

caramel /ˈkarəm(ə)l/ /ˈkarəmɛl/ /ˈkerəˌmel/ /ˈkæɹ.ə.məl/ /ˈkæɹ.ə.mɛl/ /ˈkɑrməl/ /ˈkɑɹ.məl/ /ˈkɑɹ.ə.məl/ /ˈkɑɹ.ə.mɛl/ /ˈkɛɹ.ə.məl/ /ˈkɛɹ.ə.mɛl/ caramels n
caramal
(countable) A (sometimes hardened) piece of this confection.

carapace /ˈkæ.ɹəˌpeɪs/ /ˈkɛɹ.əˌpeɪs/ carapaces n
casóg
A hard protective covering of bone or chitin, especially one which covers the dorsal portion of an animal.

caravan /kaɾəˈvan/ /ˈkæɹəvæn/ caravans n
carbhán
A convoy or procession of travellers, their cargo and vehicles, and any pack animals, especially camels crossing a desert.

caravel /ˈkæɹəvɛl/ /ˈkɛ-/ /ˌkæɹəˈvɛl/ caravels n
carbhal
(nautical, historical) A light, usually lateen-rigged sailing ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish for about 300 years from the 15th century, first for trade and later for voyages of exploration.

caraway /ˈkæɹəˌweɪ/ /ˈkɛɹəˌweɪ/ caraways n
cearbhas
The seed-like fruit of the caraway plant.

carbohydrase carbohydrases n
carbaihiodráis
(enzyme) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of polysaccharides into simple sugars

carbohydrate /kɑːbəʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ /kɑːɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ carbohydrates n
carbaihiodráit
(organic chemistry, nutrition) A sugar, starch, or cellulose that is a food source of energy for an animal or plant.

carbolic acid n
aigéad carbólach
(dated, organic compound) phenol (C6H5OH)

carbon /ˈkɑɹ.bən/ /ˈkɑːbən/ carbons n
carbón
(uncountable) The chemical element (symbol C) with an atomic number of 6. It can be found in pure form for example as graphite, a black, shiny and very soft material, or diamond, a colourless, transparent, crystalline solid and the hardest known material.
A fossil fuel that is made of impure carbon such as coal or charcoal.
páipéar carbóin
(countable, informal) A sheet of carbon paper.

carbon black n
dubh an charbóin dubh carbóin
(petrochemistry) A fine black powder of amorphous carbon manufactured by the incomplete combustion of natural gas or oil, and used as a pigment in the manufacture of ink and paint. Used as a filler in rubber like polymers and rubber. It helps the polymers resist deterioration by ultraviolet rays.

carbon copy carbon copies n
cóip charbóin
(Internet) A duplicate copy of an email.

carbon cycle carbon cycles n
timthriall carbóin
The physical cycle of carbon through the Earth’s biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere that includes such processes as photosynthesis, decomposition, respiration and carbonification.

carbon dating carbon datings n
dátú carbóin dátú radacarbóin
radiocarbon dating.

carbon dioxide /ˈˌkɑrbən daɪˈɑksaɪd/ /ˌkɑːbən dʌɪˈɒksʌɪd/ n
dé-ocsaíd charbóin
(inorganic compound) The normal oxide of carbon, CO₂; a colorless, odorless gas formed during respiration and combustion and consumed by plants during photosynthesis.

carbon disulfide n
déshuilfíd charbóin
(inorganic compound) A binary compound of carbon and sulfur, CS2, a colourless liquid with a not-unpleasant smell; used as a specialist solvent, and in the manufacture of organosulfur compounds.

carbon fixation carbon fixations n
fosúchán carbóin
any process, such as photosynthesis, whereby atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted into organic compounds

carbon footprint carbon footprints n
lorg carbóin
A measure of the amount of carbon dioxide produced by a person, organization or state in a given time.

carbon monoxide n
aonocsaíd charbóin
(inorganic compound) A colourless, odourless, flammable, highly toxic gas

carbon offset carbon offsets n
cúiteamh carbóin
A reduction in carbon dioxide emission by a third party purchased by a heavy carbon dioxide producer as part of carbon emissions trading.

carbon paper carbon papers n
páipéar carbóin
Paper with one of the faces impregnated with carbon, used to make carbon copies.

carbon star carbon stars n
réalta charbóin
(star) any of a class of red giant stars having a high proportion of carbon because of helium burning

carbon steel carbon steels n
cruach charbóin
Any of a range of alloys of iron and carbon whose properties depend on the proportion of carbon.

carbon tax carbon taxes n
cáin charbóin
A tax levied on the carbon contents used by the burning fossil fuels, so as to discourage the production of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.

carbon tetrachloride n
teitreaclóiríd charbóin
(chemical compound) The halogenated hydrocarbon tetrachloromethane; a toxic, nonflammable liquid, used as a solvent, formerly used in dry cleaning and in fire extinguishers.

carbonaceous more carbonaceous most carbonaceous adj
carbónúil
of, relating to, rich in, or yielding carbon, or a compound of carbon.

carbonate /ˈkɑɹbəneɪt/ /ˈkɑɹbənət/ /ˈkɑː(ɹ).bə.neɪt/ /ˈkɑː(ɹ).bə.nət/ carbonates n
carbónáit
Any salt or ester of carbonic acid.

carbonic /kɑɹˈbɒnɪk/ /kɑːˈbɒnɪk/ adj
carbónach
Of or relating to carbon.

carbonic acid n
aigéad carbónach
(inorganic compound) A weak unstable acid, H2CO3, known only in solution, and as carbonate salts; it is present in carbonated drinks, and sparkling wine, but decomposes to form carbon dioxide and water.

carboniferous more carboniferous most carboniferous adj
carbónmhar
Containing or producing carbon.

carbuncle /ˈkɑɹˌbʌŋ.kl̩/ /ˈkɑː.bʌŋ.kl̩/ carbuncles n
carrmhogal
(archaic) A deep-red or fiery colored garnet or other dark red precious stone, especially when cut cabochon.
carbuncal carrmhogal
(pathology) An abscess larger than a boil, usually with one or more openings draining pus onto the skin. It is usually caused by staphylococcal infection.

carburetor /ˈkɑɹb(j)əˌɹeɪtɚ/ /ˈkɑːb(j)əˌɹɛtə/ carburetors n
carbradóir
(US, Canada) A device in an internal combustion engine where fuel is vaporized and mixed with air prior to ignition. [from 1890s]

carcass /ˈkɑɹkəs/ /ˈkɑːkəs/ carcasses n
ablach
The body of a dead animal.
The body of a dead human, a corpse.

carcinogen /kɑɹˈsɪnəd͡ʒən/ carcinogens n
carcanaigin
A substance or agent that can cause cancer.

carcinogenesis carcinogeneses n
carcanaigineas
(oncology) The creation of cancer cells.

carcinogenic /ˌkɑː(ɹ)sɪnəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ more carcinogenic most carcinogenic adj
carcanaigineach
Causing or tending to cause cancer.

carcinogenicity carcinogenicities n
carcanaigineacht
The state or degree of being carcinogenic.

carcinoma /-sə-/ /ˌkɑɹsɪnoʊˈmɑtə/ /ˌkɑɹsɪˈnoʊmə/ /ˌkɑɹsɪˈnoʊmətə/ /ˌkɑːsnəʊˈmɑːtə/ /ˌkɑːsnˈəʊmə/ /ˌkɑːsnˈəʊmətə/ /ˌkɑːsɪnəʊˈmɑːtə/ /ˌkɑːsɪˈnəʊmə/ /ˌkɑːsɪˈnəʊmətə/ [-ɾə] carcinomas carcinomata n
carcanóma
(countable) An invasive malignant tumour derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body.

card /kaːd/ /kɐːd/ /kɑɹd/ /kɑːd/ [kʰäːd] [kʰɐːd] [kʰɑɹd] [kʰɑːd] cards n
carda
(textiles) A hand-held tool formed similarly to a hairbrush but with bristles of wire or other rigid material. It is used principally with raw cotton, wool, hair, or other natural fibers to prepare these materials for spinning into yarn or thread on a spinning wheel, with a whorl or other hand-held spindle. The card serves to untangle, clean, remove debris from, and lay the fibers straight.
cárta
Any flat, normally rectangular piece of stiff paper, plastic, etc.

card /kaːd/ /kɐːd/ /kɑɹd/ /kɑːd/ [kʰäːd] [kʰɐːd] [kʰɑɹd] [kʰɑːd] v
cardáil
(textiles) To use a carding device to disentangle the fibres of wool prior to spinning.

cardamom /ˈkɑɹ.də.məm/ /ˈkɑɹ.dəˌmɑm/ /ˈkɑː.də.məm/ /ˈkɑː.də.mən/ cardamoms n
cardamam
The seed of E. cardamomum, used as a medicine and spice, especially in curry powder.
(uncommon, inexact) , the seeds or seed capsules of Aframomum melegueta, of East Africa.

cardboard /ˈkɑɹdbɔɹd/ /ˈkɑːdbɔːd/ cardboards n
cairtchlár
A wood-based material resembling heavy paper, used in the manufacture of boxes, cartons and signs.

cardigan /ˈkɑːdɪɡən/ cardigans n
cairdeagan
A type of sweater or jumper that fastens up the front with buttons or a zipper, usually machine- or hand-knitted from wool.

cardinal /ˈkɑɹdnəl/ /ˈkɑɹdɪnəl/ /ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl/ /ˈkɑːd.nəl/ more cardinal most cardinal adj
cairdinéalach
cairdinéalta
Of fundamental importance; crucial, pivotal.
cairdinealach
Having a bright red color (from the color of a Catholic cardinal's cassock).

cardinal /ˈkɑɹdnəl/ /ˈkɑɹdɪnəl/ /ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl/ /ˈkɑːd.nəl/ cardinals n
cairdinéal
(Roman Catholic) One of the officials appointed by the pope in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking only below the pope and the patriarchs, constituting the special college which elects the pope. (See Wikipedia article on Catholic cardinals.)
tanagair éan síoliteach
Any of a genus of songbirds of the finch family, Cardinalis.
cródhearg dearg cairdinéalta
A deep red color, somewhat less vivid than scarlet, the traditional colour of a Catholic cardinal's cassock. (same as cardinal red)

cardinal number cardinal numbers n
bunuimhir
A number used to denote quantity; a counting number; a cardinal.
(mathematics) A generalized kind of number used to denote the size of a set, including infinite sets.

cardinal numeral /ˈkɑɹdɪnəl ˈnumɜɹəl/ /ˈkɑːdɪnəl ˈnjuːməɹəl/ cardinal numerals n
bunuimhir
(grammar) A word used to represent a cardinal number.

cardinal point cardinal points n
príomhaird
Any of the four principal points of the compass: north, south, east and west.

cardinal sin cardinal sins n
ceannpheaca peaca marfach
Any of the deadly sins.

cardinal virtue cardinal virtues n
suáilce bhunúsach suáilce chairdinéalta
(Christianity, often, in the plural) One of the four foundational virtues identified by Greek and Christian philosophers, on which other virtues depend: justice, temperance, prudence, or fortitude.

cardinalate /ˈkɑː(ɹ)dɪnələt/ cardinalates n
cairdinéalacht
The dignity and ecclesiastic office of Roman Catholic cardinal.
Collective term for the cardinals

cardinality cardinalities n
bunuimhreacht
(set theory, of a set) The number of elements a given set contains.

carding machine carding machines n
meaisín cardála
(textile manufacturing) A machine used for carding fibres.

cardiogenic adj
cardaigineach

cardiograph cardiographs n
cardagraf
(cardiology) electrocardiograph

cardiological more cardiological most cardiological adj
cairdeolaíoch
of or pertaining to cardiology

cardiologist cardiologists n
cairdeolaí
A physician who specializes in medical problems related to the heart.

cardiology /ˌkɑː(ɹ)diˈɒlədʒi/ cardiologies n
cairdeolaíocht
(medicine) The study of the structure, function, and disorders of the heart.

cardiopulmonary adj
cardascamhógach
(medicine) Of or pertaining to both the heart and the lungs.

cardiopulmonary resuscitation cardiopulmonary resuscitations n
athbheochan chardascamhógach
A first aid procedure for cardiac arrest involving compression of the chest wall alternating with artificial respiration.

cardiorespiratory adj
cardairiospráideach
pertaining to the heart and breathing

cardiothoracic adj
cardatóracsach
(medicine, anatomy) Of or pertaining to both the heart and the chest

cardiovascular /ˌkɑː(ɹ)di.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/ adj
cardashoithíoch
Relating to the circulatory system, that is the heart and blood vessels.

care /keː/ /kɛə/ /kɛɚ/ /kɪə(ɹ)/ [kʰe(ə̯)ɻ] [kʰɛ(ə̯)ɻ] cares n
aire
Close attention; concern; responsibility.
sníomh
(countable, uncountable) Worry.
cúraimí cúram
(uncountable) The treatment of those in need (especially as a profession).

care /keː/ /kɛə/ /kɛɚ/ /kɪə(ɹ)/ [kʰe(ə̯)ɻ] [kʰɛ(ə̯)ɻ] v
miste
(transitive, intransitive) To be concerned (about), to have an interest (in); to feel concern (about).

career /kəˈɹɪə/ /kəˈɹɪɹ/ careers n
réim
One's calling in life; a person's occupation; one's profession.
(obsolete) A racecourse; the ground run over.

career break career breaks n
sos gairme

careful /ˈkɛ(ə)ɹfəl/ /ˈkɛːfəl/ more careful most careful adj
curamach aireach
Conscientious and painstaking; meticulous.

carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ /ˈkɛːf(ə)li/ more carefully most carefully adv
go haireach
With care; attentively, circumspectly.

careless /ˈkɛələs/ /ˈkɛəlɪs/ /ˈkɛɹləs/ more careless most careless adj
anaireach faillitheach neamartach
Not giving sufficient attention or thought, especially concerning the avoidance of harm or mistakes. [from 16thc.]

carelessly /ˈkɛələsli/ /ˈkɛɹləsli/ more carelessly most carelessly adv
ar nós cuma liom
Giving the appearance of carelessness; relaxedly.

carelessness /ˈkɛələsnəs/ /ˈkɛɹləsnəs/ carelessnesses n
leibideacht
Lack of care; the state or quality of being careless.

carer /ˈkɛəɹə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɛɹɚ/ carers n
banchúramóir cúramóir
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong) Someone who regularly looks after another person, either as a job or often through family responsibilities.

caress /kəˈɹɛs/ v
muirnigh slíoc
(transitive) To touch or kiss lovingly; to fondle.

caretaker /ˈkɛəˌteɪ.kə/ /ˈkɛɹˌteɪ.kɚ/ adj
sealadach
(chiefly, UK) Temporary, on a short term basis.

caretaker /ˈkɛəˌteɪ.kə/ /ˈkɛɹˌteɪ.kɚ/ caretakers n
airíoch feighlí
Someone who takes care of a place or thing; someone looking after a place, or responsible for keeping it in good repair.
airíoch bean faire cúramóir fear faire feighlí
(mainly North American) Someone who takes care of a person; a caregiver (UK) parent, carer or other guardian.

cargo ship cargo ships n
long trádála soitheach tráchtála árthach ceannaigh
A ship that carries cargo.

caribou /ˈkærɪbuː/ /ˈkæɹəbu/ caribou caribous n
carabú
Any of several North American subspecies of the reindeer, Rangifer tarandus.

carillon /kəˈrɪljən/ /ˈkɛɹɪˌlɑn/ carillons n
clogaireacht clogra
(musical instrument) A set of bells, often in a bell tower, sometimes operated by means of a keyboard (manual or pedal), originating from the Low Countries.

carline thistle carline thistles n
feochadán baineann feochadán mín
Any of about 30 species of thistles in the genus Carlina and certain other closely related genera.

carnage /ˈkɑɹ.nɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑː.nɪdʒ/ carnages n
eirleach
Death and destruction.

carnal knowledge n
fios collaí
(archaic, chiefly, legal) Sexual intercourse.

carnality carnalities n
collaíocht
The state of being carnal.

carnivorous /kaːˈnɪv.ə.ɹəs/ /kɑɹˈnɪv.ə.ɹəs/ /kɑːˈnɪv.ə.ɹəs/ more carnivorous most carnivorous adj
feoiliteach
Of, or relating to carnivores, or the taxonomic order Carnivora.
Predatory or flesh-eating.

carob /ˈkæɹəb/ carobs n
carúb
An evergreen shrub or tree, Ceratonia siliqua, native to the Mediterranean region.
The fruit of that tree.
A sweet chocolate-like confection made with the pulp of the fruit.

carotid /kəˈɹɑt.ɪd/ /kəˈɹɒt.ɪd/ carotids n
artaire caratach
(anatomy) Either of the two main arteries that supply blood to the head of which the left in humans arises from the arch of the aorta and the right by bifurcation of the brachiocephalic artery with each passing up the side of the neck and dividing opposite the upper border of the thyroid cartilage into an external branch supplying the face, tongue, and external parts of the head and an internal branch supplying the brain, eye, and other internal parts of the head.

carp /ˈkɑɹp/ /ˈkɑːp/ carp carps n
carbán
Any of various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae; specifically the common carp, Cyprinus carpio.

carpe diem /ˌkɑɹ.peɪ ˈdi.əm/ /ˌkɑɹ.pi ˈdaɪ.ɛm/ /ˌkɑː.peɪ ˈdiː.əm/ /ˌkɑː.piː ˈdaɪ.ɛm/ proverb
tapaidh go dheis
Enjoy the present, make the most of today, (common mistranslation) seize the day.

carpenter /ˈkɑɹpəntɚ/ /ˈkɑː.pən.tə/ carpenters n
cearpantóir saor adhmaid siúinéir
A person skilled at carpentry, the trade of cutting and joining timber in order to construct buildings or other structures.
(nautical) A senior rating in ships responsible for all the woodwork onboard; in the days of sail, a warrant officer responsible for the hull, masts, spars and boats of a ship, and whose responsibility was to sound the well to see if the ship was making water.
(zoology) A carpenter bee.

carpenter's square carpenter's squares n
bacart
A tool used to measure out right angles.

carpentry /ˈkɑː.pɪn.tri/ carpentries n
cearpantóireacht siúinéireacht
(uncountable) The trade of cutting and joining timber in order to construct buildings or other structures; woodworking.

carpet /ˈkɑɹpət/ /ˈkɑː(ɹ)pɪt/ carpets n
cairpéad
A fabric used as a complete floor covering.

carpet shark carpet sharks n
siorc dathannach
A shark of the order Orectolobiformes.

carrack carracks n
carrac
(historical) A large European sailing vessel of the 14th to 17th centuries similar to a caravel but square-rigged on the foremast and mainmast and lateen-rigged on the mizzenmast.

carriage house carriage houses n
teach cóiste
A building for keeping a horse and carriage when not in use, separate from the house.

carriagebuilder carriagebuilders n
cóisteoir
A manufacturer of carriages.

carriagebuilding n
cóisteoireacht
The construction of carriages.

carriageway carriageways n
carrbhealach
(UK, Ireland, Hong Kong) The part of a road that carries traffic.

carrion /ˈkæ.ɹɪ.ən/ /ˈkæɹ.ən/ /ˈkɛ.ɹi.ən/ carrions n
ablach
Rotting flesh of a dead animal or person.

carrion crow carrion crows n
caróg dhubh
The common European black crow Corvus corone.

carrot /ˈkæɹ.ət/ /ˈkɛɹ.ət/ carrots n
cairéad meacan dearg
A vegetable with a nutritious, juicy, sweet root that is often orange in colour, Daucus carota, especially the subspecies sativus in the family Apiaceae.

carrot and stick carrots and sticks n
mealladh agus bagairt
(idiomatic) The simultaneous rewarding of good behavior and punishing of bad behavior.

carrot cake carrot cakes n
císte cairéid
A sweet cake, often iced, containing grated carrot.

carry /ˈkeɹ.i/ /ˈkæɹ.i/ /ˈkæɹ.ɪ/ /ˈkɛɹ.i/ v
iompair
(transitive) To lift (something) and take it to another place; to transport (something) by lifting.

carry coals to Newcastle v
ag tabhairt liúdar go Toraigh ag cuimilt saille de thóin na muice méithe
(idiomatic) To do something that is unneeded or redundant.

carrying pole carrying poles n
coirb
A yoke of wood or bamboo, used by people to carry a load.

cart /kɑɹt/ /kɑːt/ carts n
carr féan
A small, open, wheeled vehicle, drawn or pushed by a person or animal, more often used for transporting goods than passengers.

cartful cartfuls cartsful n
lán cairte
As much as a cart will hold.

cartilage /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑɹt.lɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑː.tɪl.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑːt.lɪd͡ʒ/ cartilages n
loingeán
(skeleton, uncountable) A usually translucent and somewhat elastic, dense, nonvascular connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract, in structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos, being replaced by bone during ossification in the higher vertebrates.

cartography /kɐɹˈtɒɡɹəfi/ /kɐː(ɹ)ˈtɔɡɹɘfɪi̯/ /kɐː(ɹ)ˈtɔɡɹəfɪi̯/ /kɑɹˈtɑɡɹəfi/ /kɑːˈtɒɡɹəfi/ cartographies n
cartagrafaíocht
(uncountable) The creation of charts and maps based on the layout of a territory's geography. [from 19th c.]

carver /ˈkɑɹvɚ/ /ˈkɑːvə/ carvers n
breacaire
Someone who carves; an artist who produces carvings.

carving /ˈkɑɹvɪŋ/ /ˈkɑːvɪŋ/ carvings n
snoiteán snoí snoíodóireacht
The act or craft of producing a carved object.

caryatid /ˌkæɹiˈætɪd/ /ˌkɛəɹiˈætɪd/ caryatides caryatids n
cairiaitid
A sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.

case /keɪs/ cases n
cás
(academia) An instance or event as a topic of study.
(legal) A legal proceeding; a lawsuit or prosecution.

case /keɪs/ v
cásáil
(transitive) To place (an item or items of manufacture) into a box, as in preparation for shipment.

case study case studies n
cás-staidéar staidéar ar chás áirithe staidéar cáis
(uncountable) Research performed in detail on a single individual, group, incident or community, as opposed to, for instance, a sample of the whole population.
(countable) A case used in a such research.

casement window casement windows n
fuinneog chomhla
A window that has frames hinged on the side and that opens outward or inward.

cash /kæʃ/ cashes n
airgead tirim
(uncountable) Money in the form of notes/bills and coins, as opposed to cheques/checks or electronic transactions.

cash crop cash crops n
barr margaidh
(agriculture) A crop that is grown for sale rather than for personal food or for feeding to livestock.

cash flow cash flows n
sreabhadh airgid
(accounting) The sum of cash revenues and expenditures over a period of time.

cash register cash registers n
scipéad cláraithe
A machine that tabulates the amount of sales transactions, makes a permanent and cumulative record of them, and has a drawer in which cash can be kept.

cashew nut cashew nuts n
cnó caisiú
The seed of the cashew tree, often viewed as a nut in the culinary sense.

cashier /kaˈʃɪə/ /ˈkaʃɪə/ cashiers n
airgeadóir
One who works at a till or receives payments.
Person in charge of the cash of a business or bank.

cashier /kəˈʃɪə/ v
bris urscaoil
(transitive, now, _, rare) To dismiss (someone, especially military personnel) from service.

casing /ˈkeɪsɪŋ/ casings n
cásáil
That which encloses or encases.

cask /kæsk/ /kɑːsk/ casks n
buta leastar
A large barrel for the storage of liquid, especially of alcoholic drinks. (See a diagram of cask sizes.)

cassette /kæˈsɛt/ /kəˈsɛt/ cassettes n
caiséad
A small flat case containing magnetic tape on two reels, used to record and play back audio and video material.

cassette player cassette players n
seinnteoir caiséad
A device capable of playing prerecorded cassette tapes

cassette recorder cassette recorders n
taifeadán caiséid
A tape recorder that records on cassette tapes

cassock /ˈkasək/ /ˈkæsək/ cassocks n
casóg
An item of clerical clothing: a long, sheath-like, close-fitting, ankle-length robe worn by clergy members of some Christian denominations. [from 17th c.]

cassowary /ˈkæs.ə.ˌwɛɹ.i/ cassowaries n
casabhara
A large flightless bird of the genus Casuarius that is native to Australia and New Guinea, has a characteristic bony crest on its head, and can be very dangerous.

cast /kast/ /kæst/ /kɑːst/ casts n
foireann foireann aisteoirí
The collective group of actors performing a play or production together. Contrasted with crew.
claonfhéachaint
A squint.

cast /kast/ /kæst/ /kɑːst/ v
caith
To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance; hence, to make preponderate; to decide.

cast iron cast irons n
iarann múnla
A hard and brittle, but strong, alloy of iron, carbon, and silicon, formed by casting in a mould.

cast off v
caith lúb anuas
(intransitive, knitting) To finish the last row of knitted stitches and remove them securely from the needle.

cast on v
cuir lúb suas
(ambitransitive, knitting) To start the first row of knitting by putting stitches on a needle.

castanet /ˌkæs.tə.ˈnɛt/ castanets n
castainéid
(musical instruments, chiefly, in the plural) A single handheld percussion instrument consisting of a pair of concave shells or shell-shaped parts joined on one edge by string.

caster /ˈkæstə(ɹ)/ /ˈkæstɚ/ /ˈkɑːstə(ɹ)/ casters n
ceanastar croiteoir
A shaker with a perforated top for sprinkling condiments such as sugar, salt, pepper, etc.

casting /ˈkastɪŋ/ /ˈkæstɪŋ/ /ˈkɑːstɪŋ/ /ˈkɛəstɪŋ/ castings n
teilgeoireacht
A manufacturing process using a mold.

castle /kæsl̩/ /kɑːsl̩/ /ˈkæsəl/ /ˈkɑːsəl/ castles n
caisleán
A large residential building or compound that is fortified and contains many defences; in previous ages often inhabited by a nobleman or king. Also, a house or mansion with some of the architectural features of medieval castles.

castle /kæsl̩/ /kɑːsl̩/ /ˈkæsəl/ /ˈkɑːsəl/ v
caisligh
(usually, _, intransitive, shogi) To create a similar defensive position in Japanese chess through several moves.

cat /kat/ /kæt/ [kʰæt] [kʰæt̚] cats n
cat
A domesticated species (Felis catus) of feline animal, commonly kept as a house pet. [from 8thc.]
An animal of the family Felidae:
Any similar animal of the family Felidae, which includes lions, tigers, bobcats, leopards, cougars, cheetahs, caracals, lynxes, and other such non-domesticated species.

cat burglar /kæt ˈbɜːɡlə/ /ˈkæt ˌbɝɡlɚ/ cat burglars n
gadaí dreapadóireachta
A particularly stealthy burglar, especially one who gains undetected entry through the use of agility.

cat's cradle cat's cradles n
crúb na gé
(uncountable) A children's game of forming string into various shapes around one's fingers.

cat's eye cat's eyes cats' eyes n
súile cait
(countable, British, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia , usually, _, in the plural) A retroreflective device placed on a road surface as a marking that can be seen even at night.

cataclastic adj
cataclastach
(petrology) describing a type of metamorphic rock that has undergone shearing and granulation by high mechanical stress

catalepsy catalepsies n
catailéipse
(pathology) A severe bodily condition, described in psychiatric pathology, marked by sudden rigidity, fixation of posture, and loss of contact with environmental conditions.

catalogue /ˈkæt.əˌlɑɡ/ /ˈkæt.əˌlɒɡ/ /ˈkæt.əˌlɔɡ/ catalogues n
ainmliosta
A systematic list of books, names, pictures, etc.
(music) A complete list of a recording artist's or a composer's songs.

cataract /ˈkætəɹækt/ cataracts n
fionn
(pathology) A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.

catarrh /kəˈtɑɹ/ catarrhs n
réama
(medicine) Inflammation of a mucous membrane.

catastrophe /kəˈtæstɹəfi/ catastrophes n
anachain eirleach matalang tubaiste turraing
Any large and disastrous event of great significance.
catastróf
(narratology) The dramatic event that initiates the resolution of the plot; the dénouement.

catastrophe theory n
teoiric na catastróife
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics dealing with dynamical systems which can undergo abrupt irreversible qualitative changes due to a tiny change in parameters.

catch /kæt͡ʃ/ /kɑt͡ʃ/ /kɛt͡ʃ/ v
beir ar ceap
(transitive) To capture or snare (someone or something which would rather escape). [from 13thc.]
faigh
(transitive) To overtake or catch up to; to be in time for. [from 17thc.]
beir ar
(transitive) To seize or intercept an object moving through the air (or, sometimes, some other medium). [from 16thc.]

catechism /ˈkætɪˌkɪzəm/ catechisms n
teagasc Críostaí
A book, in question and answer form, summarizing the basic principles of Christianity.

catechu /ˈkæt.əˌt͡ʃuː/ /ˈkæt.əˌʃuː/ /ˈkæt.ɪt͡ʃ.uː/ catechus n
caitsiú
A gummy extract of any of several species of Acacieae, but especially Senegalia catechu, produced by boiling the wood of the tree in water and evaporating the resulting liquid.

category /ˈkætəˌɡɔɹi/ /ˈkætɪɡ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈkɛtɘɡ(ɘ)ɹi/ /ˈkɛtɘˌɡoːɹi/ categories n
catagóir
A group, often named or numbered, to which items are assigned based on similarity or defined criteria.
catagóir earnáil
(mathematics) A collection of objects, together with a transitively closed collection of composable arrows between them, such that every object has an identity arrow, and such that arrow composition is associative.

catenary /kəˈtiːnəɹi/ /kəˈtɛnəɹi/ /ˈkætəˌnɛɹi/ catenaries n
cuar cuar slabhra
(nautical) The curve of an anchor cable from the seabed to the vessel; it should be horizontal at the anchor so as to bury the flukes.

catering /ˈkeɪ.tə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈkeɪ.tɚ.ɪŋ/ /ˈkeɪt(ə)ɹɪŋ/ [ˈkeɪ.ɾɚ.ɪŋ] caterings n
lónadóireacht
(uncountable, UK, Philippines) The business of providing food and related services; foodservice.

caterpillar /ˈkætəˌpɪlə/ /ˈkætəˌpɪlɚ/ /ˈkætɚˌpɪlɚ/ caterpillars n
bolb
The larva of a butterfly or moth; leafworm.
(maths) A set of subtrees of a tree.

caterpillar track caterpillar tracks n
roth altach
A continuous track in the form of a steel or rubber belt fitted instead of wheels to crawlers, bulldozers, excavators, loaders, backhoes, tanks and similar off-road vehicles.

catfish /ˈkætfɪʃ/ catfish catfishes n
cat mara
The meat of such a fish, popular in the Southern U.S. and Central Europe.

catgut /ˈkætˌɡʌt/ catguts n
caolán snáithe caoláin
(uncountable) The material from which such cords are made.

cathedral /kəˈθiː.dɹəl/ cathedrals n
ardeaglais Teampall Mór
The principal church of an archbishop's/bishop's archdiocese/diocese which contains an episcopal throne.

cathedral city cathedral cities n
cathair ardeaglaise
A title awarded to a town in the United Kingdom which, before letters patent, held city status by virtue of having a cathedral within its bounds.

catheter /ˈkæθɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈkæθɪtɚ/ catheters n
cataitéar
(medicine) A small tube inserted into a body cavity to administer a drug, create an opening, distend a passageway, or remove fluid.

cathodic adj
catóideach
(physics) Of or pertaining to a cathode.

catholicity catholicities n
caitliceacht
The quality of being catholic, universal or inclusive.

catkin catkins n
caitín
(botany) A type of inflorescence, consisting of an axis with many unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and poplar.

catlike more catlike most catlike adj
catúil
Resembling a cat; feline.

catnip /ˈkætnɪp/ catnips n
miontas cait mismín cait
Any of the about 250 species of flowering plant of the genus Nepeta, family Lamiaceae, certain of which are said to have medicinal qualities.

cattle /ˈkætəl/ [ˈkʰæt(ə)ɫ] [ˈkʰæɾ(ə)ɫ] n
beithígh buar eallach
(pejorative, figuratively) People who resemble domesticated bovine animals in behavior or destiny.

caudal /ˈkɔːdəl/ adj
eireabaill eireaballach
(zoology) Pertaining to the tail or posterior or hind part of a body.

caul /kɔːl/ cauls n
caipín sonais
(historical) A style of close-fitting circular cap worn by women in the sixteenth century and later, often made of linen. [from 14th c.]
scairt scannán
The thin membrane which covers the lower intestines; the omentum. [from 14th c.]
caipín sonais scannán
The amnion which encloses the foetus before birth, especially that part of it which sometimes shrouds a baby’s head at birth (traditionally considered to be good luck). [from 16th c.]

cauldron /ˈkɔːl.dɹən/ /ˈkəʊl.dɹən/ cauldrons n
coire
A large bowl-shaped pot used for boiling over an open flame.

cauliflower /ˈkɑl.ɪˌflaʊ.ɚ/ /ˈkɒl.i.flaʊ.ə/ /ˈkɒl.ɪ.flaʊ.ə/ /ˈkɔl.ɪˌflaʊ.ɚ/ cauliflowers n
cóilis
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, an annual variety of cabbage, of which the cluster of young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable.
The edible head or curd of a cauliflower plant.

cauline adj
cálach
(botany) Growing immediately on a caulis, the main stem of a plant; of or pertaining to a caulis.

caulk /kælk/ /kɑk/ /kɔk/ /kɔːk/ v
calc
To apply caulking to joints, cracks, or a juncture of different materials.

caulker caulkers n
calcaire
A person who caulks various structures (as ships) and certain types of piping.
calcaire calcóid
A tool used for caulking ships; a caulking iron.

caulking iron caulking irons n
calcaire calcóid
a tool, rather like a chisel, used to caulk a ship, tighten seams in ironwork and other things

cause /kɔz/ /kɔːz/ /ˈkɑz/ [kʰoːz̥] [kʰɒːz̥] causes n
réasún siocair
(countable, often with of, typically of adverse results) The source of, or reason for, an event or action; that which produces or effects a result.

cause and effect causes and effects n
cúis agus éifeacht
Causation; causality; the process whereby causes lead to effects.

causeway /ˈkɔːz.weɪ/ causeways n
cabhsa
A road that is raised so as to be above water, marshland, and similar low-lying obstacles, which in some cases may flood periodically (e.g. due to tides). Originally causeways were much like dykes, generally pierced to let water through, whereas many modern causeways are more like bridges or viaducts.

causticity /kɔːˈstɪsɪti/ causticities n
loiscneacht
The quality of being physically caustic; burning, corrosive.

cauterize /ˈkɔːtəɹaɪz/ [ˈkʰɑɾəɹaɪz] [ˈkʰɔɾəɹaɪz] v
loisc poncloisc
(American spelling, Canadian spelling, Oxford) To burn, sear, or freeze tissue using a hot iron, electric current or a caustic agent.

cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/ more cautious most cautious adj
aireach faichilleach
Using or exercising caution; careful; tentative

cavalier /ˌkævəˈlɪɚ/ cavaliers n
marcach
(historical) A military man serving on horse, (chiefly) early modern cavalry officers who had abandoned the heavy armor of medieval knights.
cúirteoir gaige
(historical) A gallant: a sprightly young dashing military man.

cavalry /ˈkævəlɹi/ cavalries n
marcra marcshlua
(military, usually, _, historical, uncountable) The military arm of service that fights while riding horses.

cavalryman cavalrymen n
marcach
A soldier in the cavalry.

cave /keɪv/ caves n
pluais uaimh
A large, naturally-occurring cavity formed underground or in the face of a cliff or a hillside.

cavern /ˈkav.n̩/ /ˈkav.ən/ /ˈkæv.ɚn/ /ˈkæv.ɹən/ caverns n
cuasán fotholl polladh

cavity /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/ [ˈkʰæv.ɨɾ.i] cavities n
cuas cuasán
(anatomy) A hollow area within the body.

caw /kɑ/ /kɔ/ /kɔː/ caws n
agallach
The harsh cry of a crow.

caw /kɑ/ /kɔ/ /kɔː/ v
bheith ag cágaíl bheith ag grágaíl
To make the harsh cry of a crow, rook, or raven.

cawing cawings n
agallach
The act of producing a caw sound.

cayenne pepper cayenne peppers n
piobar Chéin
Any of several very hot chilli peppers.
A powder condiment or spice formed from the dried chilli pepper varieties above.

cease-fire cease-fires n
sos cogaidh
In warfare, an agreed end to hostilities for a specific purpose. (Typically only temporary).

cedar /ˈsi.dɚ/ /ˈsiː.də/ cedars n
céadar
(countable) A coniferous tree of the genus Cedrus in the family Pinaceae.

cedilla /səˈdɪlə/ cedillas n
straithín
(orthography) In the spelling of Catalan, French, Portuguese and some other languages, a mark ⟨¸⟩ sometimes placed under the letter c to indicate that it is pronounced /s/ rather than /k/, as in Catalan força, French menaçant, and Portuguese almoço, and also used in various other languages to change the sounds of other letters.

cee /ˈsiː/ cees n
coll cé
The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.

ceilidh /ˈkeɪli/ /ˈkeɪliən/ /ˈkeːli/ /ˈkeːliən/ ceilidhean ceilidhs n
céilí
An informal social gathering, especially one where traditional Irish or Scottish folk music is played, with dancing and storytelling.

ceiling /ˈsiːlɪŋ/ ceilings n
síleáil
(architecture) The overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room.

celebrate /ˈsel.ə.bɹæɪt/ /ˈsɛl.ə.bɹeɪt/ /ˈsɛl.ɪ.bɹeɪt/ v
ceiliúir ceiliúradh a dhéanamh ar
(transitive) To honour by rites, by ceremonies of joy and respect, or by refraining from ordinary business; to observe duly.
ceiliúir
(transitive) To perform or participate in, as a sacrament or solemn rite; to perform with appropriate rites.

celeriac /səˈlɛəɹiæk/ /səˈlɪəɹiæk/ celeriacs n
soiliriac
A form of celery, Apium graveolens, having an aromatic taproot eaten as a vegetable. [from mid 18th century]

celery /ˈsɛl.ə.ɹi/ /ˈsɛl.ɚ.i/ celeries n
soilire
A European herb (Apium graveolens) of the carrot family.
(uncountable) The stalks of this herb eaten as a vegetable.

celery salt celery salts n
salann soilire
A spice ingredient used in cooking consisting of ground celery seed and salt.

celesta /səˈlɛstə/ celestas n
ceileiste
(musical instruments) A musical instrument consisting principally of a set of graduated steel plates struck with hammers that are activated by a keyboard.

celestial /səˈlɛs.ti.əl/ /səˈlɛs.t͡ʃəl/ adj
neamhaí
of or related to Heaven and the divine.
spéartha
Relating to the sky or outer space, regarded as the realm of the sun, moon, planets, and stars.

celestial body celestial bodies n
rinn rinn neimhe
(astronomy, astrology) A natural object which is located outside of Earth's atmosphere, such as a comet, an asteroid, the Moon, a planet, the Sun, or a star.

celestial equator celestial equators n
meánchiorcal neamhaí
(astronomy) A great circle on the celestial sphere, coincident with the plane of earth's Equator.

celestial mechanics n
meicnic neamhaí
(astronomy) The dynamics of celestial bodies subject to mutual gravitational attraction.

celestial sphere celestial spheres n
sféar neamhaí
(astronomy) The apparent outer limit of space; an abstract sphere of infinite radius which serves as the imaginary backdrop for celestial objects, and of which the visible sky is one hemisphere.

celibacy /ˈsɛləbəsi/ celibacies n
aontumha
Abstaining from marriage; the state of being unmarried.

celibate /ˈsɛləbət/ adj
aontumhach gan phósadh
(chiefly religious) Not married. [from 1827]

celibate /ˈsɛləbət/ n
aontumhach duine gan phósadh
One who is not married, especially one who has taken a religious vow not to get married, usually because of being a member of a religious community. [from 1869]

cell /sɛl/ cells n
cill
(biology) The basic unit of a living organism, consisting of a quantity of protoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, which is able to synthesize proteins and replicate itself. [from 19th c.]

cell division cell divisions n
cilldeighilt
a process by which a cell divides into two cells

cell membrane cell membranes n
cillscannán
(cytology) The semipermeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell.

cellist /ˈt͡ʃɛlɪst/ cellists n
dordveidhleadóir
Someone who plays the cello.

cello /ˈtʃɛləʊ/ /ˈt͡ʃɛloʊ/ celli cellos n
dordveidhil
A large unfretted stringed instrument of the violin family with four strings tuned (lowest to highest) C-G-D-A and an endpin to support its weight, usually played with a bow.

cement /səˈmɛnt/ /ˈsi.mɛnt/ cements n
stroighin suimint
(uncountable) The paste-like substance resulting from mixing such a powder with water, or the rock-like substance that forms when it dries.

cement /səˈmɛnt/ /ˈsi.mɛnt/ v
stroighnigh suimintigh táthaigh
(transitive) To affix with cement.

cement mixer cement mixers n
meascthóir stroighne
A device used in construction in which cement, aggregate and water are slowly mixed together in a revolving drum to form concrete.

censer /ˈsɛn.sə/ /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ censers n
túiseán
An ornamental container for burning incense, especially during religious ceremonies.

censorious /sɛnˈsɔɹiəs/ more censorious most censorious adj
guthánach
achasánach
Implying or expressing censure.

census /ˈsɛnsəs/ census censuses censusses n
daonáireamh móráireamh
An official count or enumeration of members of a population (not necessarily human), usually residents or citizens in a particular region, often done at regular intervals.

cent /sɛnt/ cent cents n
ceint
(money) A subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the main unit of currency in many countries. Symbol: ¢.
cent
(money) A subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the euro.
(nuclear physics) A unit of reactivity equal to one hundredth of a dollar.
ceint cent
(money) A coin having face value of one cent (in either of the above senses).

centaur /ˈsɛntɑɹ/ /ˈsɛntɔː(ɹ)/ centaurs n
ceinteár
(Greek mythology) A mythical beast having a horse's body with a man's head and torso in place of the head and neck of the horse.

centaury /ˈsɛntɔɹi/ /ˈsɛntɔːɹɪ/ /ˈsɛntəɹɪ/ centauries n
deagha dréimire Mhuire dréimire buí
Centaurea, a genus in the Asteraceae containing species sometimes called centaury

center /ˈsɛn.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɛn.tɚ/ [ˈsɛɾ̃ɚ] [ˈsɪɾ̃ɚ] centers n
ionad
(geometry) The point in the interior of any figure of any number of dimensions that has as its coordinates the arithmetic mean of the coordinates of all points on the perimeter of the figure (or of all points in the interior for a center of volume).
ionad lárionad
A place, especially a building or complex, set aside for some specified function or activity.

centimetre /ˈsɑ̃.-/ /ˈsɒn.-/ /ˈsɛn.tɪ.miː.tə/ centimetres n
ceintiméadar
(British spelling, Canadian spelling) (metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10−2 metres. Symbol: cm

centipede /ˈsɛn.tɪ.pid/ centipedes n
céadchosach
Any arthropod of class Chilopoda, which have a segmented body with one pair of legs per segment and from about 20 to 300 legs in total.

central bank central banks n
banc ceannais
(banking) The principal monetary authority of a polity or monetary union; it normally regulates the supply of money, issues currency and controls interest rates. It usually oversees banking activity within its country's borders.

central processing unit central processing units n
aonad lárnach próiseála láraonad próiseála
(computer hardware) The part of a computer that fetches, decodes and executes instructions; attached directly to the memory.

centrality /senˈtɹæl.ə.ti/ /sɛnˈtɹæl.ə.ti/ /sɛnˈtɹæl.ɪ.ti/ [senˈtɹæl.ə.ɾi] [sɛnˈtɹæl.ə.ɾi] centralities n
lárnacht
The state of being central.

centre circle centre circles n
ciorcal láir lárchiorcal
(soccer) The circle in the centre of the pitch which, at kick-off, the defending team may not enter until the attacking side has touched the ball.

centrepiece centrepieces n
lárscaraoid
An ornament to be placed in the centre, as of a table, ceiling, etc.

centrifugal /sɛnˈtɹɪf.(j)ə.ɡl̩/ /sɛnˈtɹɪf.jʊ.ɡl̩/ /ˌsɛn.tɹɪˈfjuː.ɡl̩/ adj
lártheifeach
Tending, or causing, to recede from the center.

centrifugal force centrifugal forces n
fórsa lártheifeach
(physics) In circular motion, the 'reactive' centrifugal force is a real force applied by the accelerating body that is equal and opposite to the centripetal force that is acting on the accelerating body.
(erroneous) Centripetal force.

centrifugation centrifugations n
lártheifneoiriú lártheifneoiriúchán
The process in which mixtures are separated using the centripetal force generated by spinning in a centrifuge.

centrifuge /ˈsɛntɹɪˌfjuːdʒ/ centrifuges n
lártheifneoir
By extension, any device which rotates in order to produce artificial gravity (in the form of centrifugal force)

centripetal /sɛnˈtɹɪp.ə.tl̩/ /ˌsɛn.tɹɪˈpiː.tl̩/ adj
láraimsitheach
Directed or moving towards a centre.

centripetal force centripetal forces n
fórsa láraimsitheach
(physics) The force on a rotating or orbiting body in the direction of the centre of rotation.

centrist /ˈsen.tɹɪst/ /ˈsɛn.tɹɪst/ more centrist most centrist adj
sa lár
Of, pertaining to, or advocating centrism.

centroid centroids n
meánlár
(statistics, cluster analysis, of a cluster of points) the arithmetic mean (alternatively, median) position of a cluster of points in a coordinate system based on some application-dependent measure of distance.

centromere /ˈsɛntɹə(ʊ)mɪə/ /ˈsɛntɹəˌmiɚ/ centromeres n
ceintrimír
(genetics) The central region of a eukaryotic chromosome where the kinetochore is assembled.

centrosymmetry n
lárshiméadracht
(mathematics) The property of having a centre of symmetry.

centurion /-ɔːɹ.i.ən/ /-ɚ.i.ən/ /sɛnˈtjʊəɹ.i.ən/ /sɛnˈtjʊɹ.i.ən/ /sɛnˈtʃʊəɹ.i.ən/ /sɛnˈtʊɹ.i.ən/ centurions n
ceantúir
(historical) An officer of the ancient Roman army, in command of a century of soldiers.

century /ˈsɛn(t)ʃ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈsɛnt͡ʃɹi/ /ˈsɛnt͡ʃʊɹi/ centuries n
aois céad
A period of 100 consecutive years; often specifically a numbered period with conventional start and end dates, e.g., the twentieth century, which stretches from (strictly) 1901 through 2000, or (informally) 1900 through 1999. The first century AD was from 1 to 100.

cephalo- /ˈsɛ.fə.loʊ/ /ˈsɛ.fə.lə/ prefix
ceifili-
(biology, medicine) Relating to the head; sometimes, particularly, the brain.

cephalopod /ˈsɛfələpɑd/ /ˈsɛfələpɒd/ cephalopods n
ceifileapód
Any mollusc of the class Cephalopoda, which includes squid, cuttlefish, octopus, nautiloids etc.

ceramic /səˈɹæmɪk/ adj
criaga
Made of material produced by the high-temperature firing of inorganic, nonmetallic rocks and minerals.

ceramics n
ceirmeacht criadóireacht
The art or science of making ceramic objects.

cerebral /səˈɹi.bɹəl/ /səˈɹiː.bɹl̩/ /səˈɹiː.bɹəl/ /ˈsɛ.ɹɪb.ɹl̩/ /ˈsɛ.ɹɪb.ɹəl/ /ˈsɛɹ.əb.ɹəl/ more cerebral most cerebral adj
ceirbreach
(anatomy, relational) Of, or relating to the brain, cerebrum, or cerebral cortex.
intleachtúil meabhrach
Intellectual rather than emotional or physical.

cerebral cortex cerebral cortexes cerebral cortices n
coirtéis cheirbreach
(neuroanatomy) The grey, folded, outermost layer of the cerebrum that is responsible for higher brain processes such as sensation, voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning, and memory.

cerebral palsy cerebral palsies n
pairilis cheirbreach
(neurology, pathology) A group of non-progressive, non-contagious conditions, caused by brain damage before birth or during infancy, characterized by impairment of muscular coordination.

cerebrospinal adj
ceirbrispíonach
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to brain or spine (particularly the spinal cord).

cerebrovascular adj
ceirbreashoithíoch
(anatomy) Relating to the blood vessels that run to or from the brain.

cerebrum /səˈɹi.bɹəm/ /ˈsɛ.ɹɪb.ɹəm/ /ˈsɛɹ.əb.ɹəm/ cerebra cerebrums n
ceirbream
(neuroanatomy) The principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, which is located in the front area of the skull and divided into two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. In humans it is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for the integration of complex sensory functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity, and the higher mental functions such as consciousness, thought, reason, emotion, and memory.

cerium /ˈsɪəɹiəm/ ceriums n
ceiriam
A chemical element (symbol Ce) with an atomic number of 58, a very soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.

certain /ˈsɜːtn̩/ /ˈsɝtn̩/ /ˈsɝtən/ /ˈsɝʔn̩/ certainer certainest more certain most certain adj
cinnte dearfa deimhin
Sure in one's mind, positive; absolutely confident in the truth of something.

certainty /ˈsɜːtn̩ti/ /ˈsɝtn̩ti/ certainties n
cinnteacht dearfacht deimhin deimhne deimhneacht
The state of being certain.

certificate /səˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/ /səˈtɪf.ɪˌkeɪt/ /sɚˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/ /sɚˈtɪf.ɪˌkeɪt/ certificates n
teastas
A document containing a certified statement.

cerulean /səˈɹuːli.ən/ more cerulean most cerulean adj
ceiriúlach
Sky-blue.

cerulean /səˈɹuːli.ən/ ceruleans n
ceiriúlach
(countable, and, uncountable) A greenish-blue color.

cervical /sɜːˈvaɪ.kl̩/ /ˈsɜː.vɪk.l̩/ /ˈsɝ.vɪk.l̩/ adj
muineálach
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the neck.
ceirbheacsach
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the cervix.

cervical cancer cervical cancers n
ailse cheirbheacs
(pathology, oncology) A type of cancer of the cervix of the uterus which can afflict some female mammals including humans. The term usually does not refer to cancer of the neck or other parts of the anatomy which use the term cervix.

cervix /ˈsɜː.vɪks/ /ˈsɝ.vɪks/ cervices cervixes n
ceirbheacs
(now, specifically) The cervix uteri, or lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina.

cessation /sɛˈseɪʃən/ cessations n
faill
(formal) A ceasing or discontinuance, for example of an action, whether temporary or final.

chaff /t͡ʃæf/ /t͡ʃɑːf/ chaffs n
cáith lóchán
The inedible parts of a grain-producing plant.

chaffinch /ˈt͡ʃæfɪnt͡ʃ/ chaffinches n
rí rua
A small passerine bird, Fringilla coelebs, of the finch family, found throughout Europe and eastward to Iran and eastern Mediterranean coastlands.

chagrin /ʃəˈɡɹɪn/ /ˈʃæɡ.ɹɪn/ chagrins n
múisiam
Distress of mind caused by a failure of aims or plans, want of appreciation, mistakes etc; vexation or mortification.

chain /ˈt͡ʃeɪn/ chains n
slabhra
A series of interconnected rings or links usually made of metal.

chain guard chain guards n
garda slabhra
A compartment that encloses the chain and sprocket assemblies of a bicycle

chain reaction chain reactions n
imoibriú slabhrúil
(nuclear physics) A nuclear reaction in which particles produced by the fission of one atom trigger fissions of other atoms.

chain store chain stores n
sreangshiopa
A retail outlet that is one of a group of similar establishments having common format, contents, ownership and management.

chair /t͡ʃɛə(ɹ)/ /t͡ʃɛɚ/ /t͡ʃɪə(ɹ)/ chairs n
cathaoir
An item of furniture used to sit on or in, comprising a seat, legs or wheels, back, and sometimes arm rests, for use by one person. Compare stool, couch, sofa, settee, loveseat and bench.
ollúnacht
(education) A distinguished professorship at a university.

chairman /ˈtʃɛɹ.mən/ /ˈtʃɛːmən/ chairmen n
cathaoirleach fear cathaoireach
A person presiding over a meeting.

chairperson chairpeople chairpersons n
cathaoirleach
A chairman or chairwoman, someone who presides over a meeting, board, etc.

chairwoman chairwomen n
cathaoirleach
A female chairperson

chalazion /kəˈleɪzi.ən/ chalazia chalazions n
calaisín
(ophthalmology, optometry) A cyst in the eyelid, caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland.

chalcedony /kælˈsɛd.ə.ni/ /ˈkæl.səˌdoʊ.ni/ chalcedonies n
cailceadón
A form of fine-grained quartz that is nearly transparent or has a milky translucence; it fractures conchoidally.

chalk /t͡ʃɑk/ /t͡ʃɔk/ /t͡ʃɔːk/ chalks n
cailc
(uncountable) A soft, white, powdery limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3).
(countable) A piece of chalk, or nowadays processed compressed gypsum (calcium sulfate, CaSO4), that is used for drawing and for writing on a blackboard (chalkboard).

chalkboard /t͡ʃɔk.bɔː(ɹ)d/ /t͡ʃɔːk.bɔː(ɹ)d/ chalkboards n
cailc-chlár clár cailc
A slate or enamel board for writing on with chalk; a predecessor to a whiteboard.

challenge /ˈt͡ʃæl.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪnd͡ʒ/ challenges n
dúshlán
(legal, rare) A judge's interest in the result of a case, constituting grounds for them to not be allowed to sit the case (e.g., a conflict of interest).

challenge /ˈt͡ʃæl.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪnd͡ʒ/ v
tabhair dúshlán
(transitive) To invite (someone) to take part in a competition.
(transitive) To dare (someone).

challenger challengers n
agóideoir
One who challenges; especially, one who plays against the current champion of a game or contest in hopes of winning and becoming the new champion.

chalybeate /kəˈlɪbi.ət/ adj
iarnach iarnaí
Containing dissolved salts of iron.
Tasting of iron, said of mineral water.

chamber /ˈtʃeɪmbə(ɹ)/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪmbɚ/ chambers n
seomra
A room or set of rooms, particularly:
cuasán
(firearms) The area holding the ammunition round at the initiation of its discharge.
(firearms) One of the bullet-holding compartments in the cylinder of a revolver.

chamber music n
ceol aireagail
(music) A genre of classical music written for a small group of instruments

chamber pot chamber pots n
áras fuail
A container used for urination and defecation, particularly those used in early modern towns before the advent of the flush toilet.

chamois /ˈʃæmi/ /ˈʃæmiz/ /ˈʃæmwɑː/ /ˈʃæmwɑːz/ chamois chamoises n
seamaí
A short-horned goat antelope native to mountainous terrain in southern Europe; Rupicapra rupicapra.
An absorbent cloth used for cleaning and polishing, formerly made of chamois leather.

champagne /ʃæmˈpeɪn/ champagnes n
seaimpéin
(countable, uncountable) A sparkling white wine made from a blend of grapes, especially Chardonnay and pinot, produced in Champagne, France, by the méthode champenoise.

champaign /ˈʃæmpeɪn/ champaigns n
má
(geography, archaic) Open countryside, or an area of open countryside.

champion /ˈt͡ʃæmpiən/ /ˈt͡ʃæmpjən/ champions n
curadh seaimpín
Someone who is chosen to represent a group of people in a contest.

championship /ˈt͡ʃæmpi.ənʃɪp/ championships n
craobh ceannas
(sports) A competition to determine a champion, especially the final of a series of competitions.

chance /t͡ʃæns/ /t͡ʃɑːns/ [t͡ʃɑːns] [t͡ʃʰans] [t͡ʃʰeəns] [t͡ʃʰäːns] [t͡ʃʰæns] [t͡ʃʰæːns] [t͡ʃʰɐːns] [t͡ʃʰɑːns] [t͡ʃʰɛəns] [t͡ʃʰɛːns] chances n
amhantar faill seans
(countable) An opportunity or possibility.
seans
(uncountable) Random occurrence; luck.
(countable) The probability of something happening.

chancel /ˈtʃɑːnsəl/ /ˈt͡ʃænsəl/ chancels n
córlann preispitéir saingeal
The space around the altar in a church, often enclosed, for use by the clergy and the choir. In medieval cathedrals the chancel was usually enclosed or blocked off from the nave by an altar screen.

chancellery /-slə.ɹi/ /-səl.ɹi/ /ˈtʃɑːn.sə.lə.ɹi/ /ˈt͡ʃænt.slə.ɹi/ chancelleries n
seansailéireacht

chancellor /-lɚ/ /ˈtʃɑːnslə/ /ˈtʃɑːnsələ/ /ˈt͡ʃænslɚ/ /ˈt͡ʃænsələ/ chancellors n
seansailéir
A senior secretary or official with administrative or legal duties, sometimes in charge of some area of government such as finance or justice.
The head of the government in some German-speaking countries.
(Christianity) A senior record keeper of a cathedral; a senior legal officer for a bishop or diocese in charge of hearing cases involving ecclesiastical law.

chancellorship chancellorships n
seansailéireacht
The status of being a chancellor.

chandelier /ˌʃæn.dəˈlɪə(ɹ)/ /ˌʃæn.dəˈlɪɚ/ chandeliers n
coinnleoir craobhach crann solais
A branched, often ornate, lighting fixture suspended from the ceiling

change management n
bainistíocht athruithe
(computing) the controlled implementation of required changes to some system; includes version control and planned fallback

change one's mind v
intinn a athrú
(idiomatic) To decide differently than one had decided before.

changeable /ˈt͡ʃeɪn.d͡ʒə.bəl/ more changeable most changeable adj
luaineach
Subject to sudden or frequent changes.

changeableness n
luaineacht
the condition of being changeable
the condition of being able to suffer some changes

changeling /ˈtʃeɪn(d)ʒlɪŋ/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒlɪŋ/ changelings n
carrachán linbh fágálach iarlais iarmhar malartán páiste a tugadh as
(European folklore, also, figurative) In pre-modern European folklore: an infant of a magical creature that was secretly exchanged for a human infant. In British, Irish and Scandinavian mythology the exchanged infants were thought to be those of fairies, sprites or trolls; in other places, they were ascribed to demons, devils, or witches.

channel /ˈt͡ʃænəl/ channels n
cainéal
The natural or man-made deeper course through a reef, bar, bay, or any shallow body of water.
A narrow body of water between two land masses.
cainéal bealach
(broadcasting) A specific radio frequency or band of frequencies, usually in conjunction with a predetermined letter, number, or codeword, and allocated by international agreement.
(broadcasting) A specific radio frequency or band of frequencies used for transmitting television.

chant /t͡ʃænt/ /t͡ʃɑːnt/ chants n
andord cantaireacht
Type of singing done generally without instruments and harmony.

chant /t͡ʃænt/ /t͡ʃɑːnt/ v
bí ag cantaireacht can
To sing, especially without instruments, and as applied to monophonic and pre-modern music.

chanter /ˈtʃɑːntə/ /ˈt͡ʃæntɚ/ chanters n
cantaire
One who chants or sings.

chanterelle /ʃɒntəˈɹɛl/ /ˈtʃæntəɹɛl/ chanterelles n
cantarnaid
(mushroom) A widely distributed edible mushroom, Cantharellus cibarius, being yellow and trumpet-shaped; or any similar mushroom of the genera Cantharellus, Polyozellus or Gomphus, not all of which are edible.

chaos /ˈkeɪ.ɑs/ /ˈkeɪ.ɒs/ chaoses n
anord
The unordered state of matter in classical accounts of cosmogony.

chaotic /keɪˈɑtɪk/ /keɪˈɒtɪk/ [-ɾɪk] more chaotic most chaotic adj
anordúil
Filled with chaos.
Extremely disorganized or in disarray.

chapel /ˈt͡ʃæp.əl/ [ˈt͡ʃæp.əɫ] [ˈt͡ʃæp.ɫ̩] chapels n
séipéal teach pobail
(especially, _, Christianity) A place of worship, smaller than or subordinate to a church.

chaperone /ˈʃæ.pəˌɹoʊn/ /ˈʃæ.pəˌɹəʊn/ chaperones n
bean choimhdeachta
An older person who accompanies other younger people to ensure the propriety of their behaviour, often an older woman accompanying a young woman.

chapter /ˈt͡ʃæptə/ /ˈt͡ʃæptɚ/ chapters n
caibidil
A section of a work, a collection of works, or fragments of works, often manuscripts or transcriptions, created by scholars or advocates, not the original authors, to aid in finding portions of the texts.

character /ˈkæɹ(ə)ktɚ/ /ˈkæɹɪktə/ /ˈkɛɹ(ə)ktɚ/ characters n
pearsa carachtar
(countable) A being involved in the action of a story.
carachtar nádúr
(countable) A distinguishing feature; characteristic; trait; phene.
litir carachtar
(countable) A written or printed symbol, or letter.
pearsa carachtar spiorad spreacadh teacht aniar
(countable, computing) One of the basic elements making up a text file or string: a code representing a printing character or a control character.
carachtar
(countable, informal) A person or individual, especially one who is unknown.

character actor character actors n
aisteoir cineálach aisteoir saincharachtair
A supporting actor who specializes in playing eccentric or unusual roles.

character set character sets n
tacar carachtar
(computing) A set of characters together with a character encoding.

characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ /ˌkæɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/ /ˌkɛɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/ [ˌkʰæɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk] more characteristic most characteristic adj
sainiúil
Being a distinguishing feature of a person or thing.

characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/ /ˌkæɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/ /ˌkɛɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/ [ˌkʰæɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk] characteristics n
aitreabúid
A distinguishing feature of a person or thing, a part of mental or physical behavior.

characterization characterizations n
carachtracht
The act or process of characterizing.

characterize /ˈkæɹəktəɹaɪz/ /ˈkɛɹəktəɹaɪz/ v
tréithrigh
(transitive) To depict someone or something a particular way (often negative).
(transitive) To determine the characteristics of.

charcoal /ˈtʃɑː.kəʊl/ /ˈt͡ʃɑɹ.koʊl/ more charcoal most charcoal adj
ar dhath an ghualaigh
Of a dark gray colour.

charcoal /ˈtʃɑː.kəʊl/ /ˈt͡ʃɑɹ.koʊl/ charcoals n
fioghual gualach
(countable, uncountable) impure carbon obtained by destructive distillation of wood or other organic matter, that is, heating it in the absence of oxygen.
gualach gualach líníochta
(countable) A stick of black carbon material used for drawing.

charcoal burner charcoal burners n
dóiteoir gualaigh
A person whose job it is to make charcoal, traditionally by carbonizing wood in a charcoal clamp or a kiln.

chard /t͡ʃɑɹd/ /t͡ʃɑːd/ chards n
biatas bán
(uncountable, culinary) An edible leafy vegetable, Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla, with a slightly bitter taste.

charge /t͡ʃɑɹd͡ʒ/ /t͡ʃɑːd͡ʒ/ charges n
costas muirear táille
The amount of money levied for a service.
cúram
The scope of someone's responsibility.
muirear
A load or burden; cargo.

chariot /ˈt͡ʃæɹiət/ /ˈt͡ʃæɹɪət/ /ˈt͡ʃɛɹiət/ chariots n
carbad
A two-wheeled horse-drawn cart, used in Bronze Age and Early Iron Age warfare.

charioteer /ˌt͡ʃɛ.ɹi.əˈtɪɹ/ charioteers n
carbadóir
A person who drives a chariot.

charitable more charitable most charitable adj
Críostúil carthanach déirceach grádiaúil
Kind, generous.

charity /ˈtʃæɹɪti/ /ˈt͡ʃæɹəti/ /ˈt͡ʃɛɹəti/ [ˈt͡ʃæɹəɾi] [ˈt͡ʃɛɹəɾi] charities n
carthanacht
(countable) An organization, the objective of which is to carry out a charitable purpose.

charity begins at home proverb
baist do leanbh féin ar dtús
One should help the people closest to oneself before thinking of helping others.

charlock charlocks n
praiseach bhuí
Any of several yellow-flowered cruciferous weeds of grain fields, especially wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis).

charm /tʃɑːm/ /t͡ʃɑɹm/ charms n
draíocht
An object, act or words believed to have magic power (usually carries a positive connotation).
briocht
A small trinket on a bracelet or chain, etc., traditionally supposed to confer luck upon the wearer.
caithis
(finance) A second-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the instantaneous rate of change of delta with respect to time.

charm /tʃɑːm/ /t͡ʃɑɹm/ v
meall
To seduce, persuade or fascinate someone or something.

charred more charred most charred adj
gualda
Burnt, carbonized.

chart /tʃɑːt/ /t͡ʃɑɹt/ charts n
graf
A systematic non-narrative presentation of data.

chart /tʃɑːt/ /t͡ʃɑɹt/ v
graf
(transitive) To draw a chart or map of.

chary /ˈtʃɛəɹi/ /ˈt͡ʃɛəɹi/ /ˈt͡ʃɛɹi/ charier chariest adj
drogallach
Careful, cautious, shy, wary.

chasm /t͡ʃæzəm/ /ˈkæzəm/ chasms n
anscoilt duibheagán gáibéal
(geology, planetology) A deep, steep-sided rift, gap or fissure; a gorge or abyss.
briseadh deighilt scaradh
(by extension) A large difference of opinion.

chastise /tʃæˈstaɪz/ /t͡ʃæˈstaɪz/ /ˈt͡ʃæstaɪz/ v
ceartaigh
(transitive) To punish, especially by corporal punishment.

chastisement /t͡ʃæˈstaɪzmənt/ /ˈt͡ʃæstəzmənt/ /ˈt͡ʃæstɪzmənt/ chastisements n
ceartú
The act of chastising; rebuke; punishment.

chasuble /ˈt͡ʃæsəbəl/ /ˈt͡ʃæzjʊbəl/ /ˈt͡ʃæzəbəl/ chasubles n
casal
(Christianity) The outermost liturgical vestment worn by clergy for celebrating Eucharist or Mass.

chat /t͡ʃæt/ chats n
caislín
(countable) Any of various small Old World passerine birds in the muscicapid tribe Saxicolini or subfamily Saxicolinae that feed on insects.

chatbot /ˈtʃætbɑt/ chatbots n
róbat comhrá
(internet, AI) A computer program that holds conversations through a chat room.

chatter /ˈtʃætə/ /ˈt͡ʃætɚ/ chatters n
aighneas
Talk, especially meaningless or unimportant talk.

chatterbox /ˈtʃæ.dəɹ.ˌbɑks/ /ˈtʃæ.tə(ɹ).ˌbɒks/ /ˈtʃæ.tə.ˌbɒks/ /ˈtʃæt.əɹ-/ chatterboxes n
cabaire
(informal) One who chats or talks to excess.

chatty /ˈt͡ʃæti/ [ˈt͡ʃæɾi] chattier chattiest adj
briosc-chainteach brioscghlórach cainteach canmhar
(informal) Of a person, chatting a lot or fond of chatting.

chauvinism /ˈʃoʊ.vɪˌnɪzm̩/ /ˈʃəʊ.və.nɪ.zəm/ /ˈʃəʊ.vɪ.nɪ.zəm/ chauvinisms n
seobhaineachas
(pejorative) Unwarranted bias, favoritism, or devotion to one's own particular group, cause, or idea.

chauvinist more chauvinist most chauvinist adj
seobhaineach
Pertaining to chauvinism.

chauvinistic more chauvinistic most chauvinistic adj
seobhaineach
(pejorative) Of or pertaining to chauvinism or chauvinists.

cheap /t͡ʃip/ /t͡ʃiːp/ cheaper cheapest adj
saor
Low or reduced in price.

cheapen /ˈtʃiːpən/ v
ísligh
(transitive) To decrease the value or price of; to make cheaper.
(intransitive) To become cheaper.

cheat /t͡ʃiːt/ cheats n
bithiúnach séitéir
Someone who cheats.

cheat /t͡ʃiːt/ v
cúigleáil déan caimiléireacht ar déan cneámhaireacht ar déan séitéireacht feall imir
(intransitive) To violate rules in order to gain, or attempt to gain, advantage from a situation.

cheater /ˈt͡ʃiːtɚ/ cheaters n
caimiléir séitéir
One who cheats.

cheating /ˈt͡ʃiːtɪŋ/ cheatings n
cúigleáil
An act of deception, fraud, trickery, imposture, imposition or infidelity.

check /t͡ʃɛk/ [t͡ʃɛk̚] checks n
seic
(textiles, usually, pluralized) A pattern made up of a grid of squares of alternating colors; a checkered pattern.

check /t͡ʃɛk/ [t͡ʃɛk̚] v
coisc urghair
(transitive) To control, limit, or halt.

checkbook journalism n
breabiriseoireacht
(US) The practice of journalists of paying a person or organization for the receipt of a news story.

checkered more checkered most checkered adj
seicear
Divided into squares, or into light and dark patches.

checkup checkups n
scrúdú sláinte
A routine visit to the doctor, dentist, or the like.
A routine inspection.

cheddar /ˈt͡ʃɛdə(ɹ)/ cheddars n
céadar
A cheese styled after the Cheddar cheese made in Cheddar.

cheek /t͡ʃiːk/ cheeks n
grua leiceann pluc
(anatomy) The soft skin on each side of the face, below the eyes; the outer surface of the sides of the oral cavity.
brusaireacht
(figurative, informal, uncountable) Impudence.

cheep /t͡ʃiːp/ interjection
gíog
The short, high-pitched sound made by a small bird.

cheep /t͡ʃiːp/ v
gíog
Of a small bird, to make short, high-pitched sounds.

cheer /t͡ʃɪə(ɹ)/ /t͡ʃɪɹ/ cheers n
gáir
(countable) A cry expressing joy, approval or support, such as "hurrah". [from 18th c.]

cheer /t͡ʃɪə(ɹ)/ /t͡ʃɪɹ/ v
misneach a thabhairt do
(transitive) To gladden; to make cheerful; often with up.
scairt
(ambitransitive) To applaud or encourage with cheers or shouts.

cheerful /ˈt͡ʃɜː(ɹ)fəl/ /ˈt͡ʃɜː(ɹ)fʊl/ /ˈt͡ʃɪə(ɹ)fəl/ /ˈt͡ʃɪə(ɹ)fʊl/ /ˈt͡ʃɪɹfəl/ /ˈt͡ʃɪɹfʊl/ more cheerful most cheerful adj
grianmhar misniúil muirneach spéiriúil
Noticeably happy and optimistic.

cheerfulness /ˈt͡ʃɪəfəlnəs/ /ˈt͡ʃɪɹfəlnəs/ cheerfulnesses n
spéiriúlacht
The state of being cheerful; joy.

cheers /tʃɪəz/ /t͡ʃɪɹz/ interjection
sláinte
A common toast used when drinking in company.

cheese /t͡ʃiz/ /t͡ʃiːz/ interjection
abair aoibh abair cáis abair grian
(photography) Said while being photographed, to give the impression of smiling.

cheese /t͡ʃiz/ /t͡ʃiːz/ cheesen cheeses n
cáis
(uncountable) A dairy product made from curdled or cultured milk.
(countable) Any particular variety of cheese.

cheesecake /ˈt͡ʃizˌkeɪk/ /ˈt͡ʃiːzˌkeɪk/ /ˈt͡ʃɛzˌkeɪk/ /ˈt͡ʃɪzˌkeɪk/ cheesecakes n
císte cáise
(countable, and, uncountable, obsolete) A pie made of cream, eggs and milk (somewhat resembling the modern American chess cake).

cheesemaker cheesemakers n
cáiseoir
A person skilled in the art of making cheese

cheesemonger cheesemongers n
ceannaí cáise cáiseoir
(British) Someone who sells cheese.

cheetah /ˈt͡ʃiːtɑ/ /ˈt͡ʃiːtə/ cheetahs n
síota liopard fiaigh
A distinctive member (Acinonyx jubatus) of the cat family, slightly smaller than the leopard, but with proportionately longer limbs and a smaller head; native to Africa and southeast Asia (where it is nearly extinct) and also credited with being the fastest terrestrial animal.

cheliped chelipeds n
crágchos
(anatomy) A leg bearing a chela, or pincer-like claw.

chemical bond chemical bonds n
nasc ceimiceach
(chemistry) Any of several attractive forces that serve to bind atoms together to form molecules

chemical engineer chemical engineers n
innealtóir ceimiceach
A person who practises chemical engineering.

chemical engineering n
innealtóireacht cheimiceach
The branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction and operation of industrial process plants, and the physical, chemical and biological processes to create substances or energy in a useful and economic form.

chemical reaction chemical reactions n
imoibriú ceimiceach
(chemistry) A process, typically involving the breaking or making of interatomic bonds, in which one or more substances are changed into others.

chemist /ˈkɛmɪst/ chemists n
ceimiceoir
A person who specializes in the science of chemistry, especially at a professional level.

chemistry /ˈkɛm.ɪ.stɹi/ chemistries n
ceimic
(uncountable) The branch of natural science that deals with the composition and constitution of substances and the changes that they undergo as a consequence of alterations in the constitution of their molecules.
(informal) The mutual attraction between two people; rapport.

chemo- /kimoʊ/ /kɛmoʊ/ prefix
ceimi-
Relating to or using chemicals or chemistry.

chemotropism chemotropisms n
ceimeatrópacht
(biology) The movement or growth of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus

cheque /t͡ʃɛk/ cheques n
seic
(Commonwealth, Ireland) A draft directing a bank to pay money to a named person or entity.

chequebook chequebooks n
seicleabhar
A folder or booklet containing preprinted cheques for use by the holder of a bank account.

cherry /ˈt͡ʃɛɹi/ cherries n
crann silíní
The wood of a cherry tree.
silín
The fruit of the coffee plant, containing the seeds or beans.
(slang) Virginity, especially female virginity as embodied by a hymen.

cherry laurel cherry laurels n
labhras silíní
An evergreen cherry in the section Prunus sect. Laurocerasus, some of which are cultivated as ornamentals.
Prunus laurocerasus, an evergreen shrub, native to regions bordering the Black Sea in southwestern Asia.

cherry plum cherry plums n
pluma silíneach
The fruit of such a tree.

cherrywood n
adhmad silín
A hardwood obtained from the cherry tree, valued for use in furniture and other woodworking applications.

chervil /ˈt͡ʃɜː(ɹ)vɪl/ chervils n
costóg camán gall
(countable) A leafy herb, Anthriscus cerefolium, resembling parsley.
(uncountable) Leaves from the plant, used as an herb in cooking, which have a mild flavor of anise.

chess /t͡ʃɛs/ chesses n
ficheall
A board game for two players, each beginning with sixteen chess pieces moving according to fixed rules across a chessboard with the objective to checkmate the opposing king.

chess piece chess pieces n
fear fichille
(chess) Any of the 16 white and 16 black pieces used in playing the game of chess.

chess player chess players n
ficheallaí imreoir fichille
A human or computer that plays the game of chess.

chess set chess sets n
fiann fichille
The equipment needed to play chess: a set of chess pieces and a chessboard.

chessboard chessboards n
clár fichille ficheall
(chess) The square board used in the game of chess, subdivided into eight rows of eight squares each, the squares in each row and column being of alternating colours.

chest /t͡ʃɛst/ /t͡ʃɪst/ chests n
cófra
A box, now usually a large strong box with a secure convex lid.
cliabhrach
(anatomy) The portion of the front of the human body from the base of the neck to the top of the abdomen; the thorax. Also the analogous area in other animals.

chestnut /ˈt͡ʃɛs.nʌt/ /ˈt͡ʃɛst.nʌt/ adj
donnrua
Of a deep reddish-brown colour, like that of a chestnut.

chestnut /ˈt͡ʃɛs.nʌt/ /ˈt͡ʃɛst.nʌt/ chestnuts n
castán cnó capaill donnrua
(uncountable) A dark, reddish-brown colour, as seen on the fruit of the chestnut tree.

chestnut tree /ˈtʃɛsnʌt ˌtɹiː/ chestnut trees n
crann castán crann cnó capaill
A tree that bears chestnuts; a tree of the genus Castanea

chevrotain /ˈʃɛvɹə(ʊ)teɪn/ /ˈʃɛvɹəˌteɪn/ chevrotains n
fia luiche seibhreatán
Any of several small hornless ruminants of the family Tragulidae (genera Hyemoschus, Moschiola, and Tragulus), native to tropical rainforests of South and Southeast Asia, and Central and West Africa; a mouse deer.

chew /tʃuː/ /tʃɪʊ̯/ /t͡ʃ(j)u/ v
cogain
To crush with the teeth by repeated closing and opening of the jaws; done to food to soften it and break it down by the action of saliva before it is swallowed.

chewing gum chewing gums n
guma guma coganta
A flavoured preparation of chicle or synthetic rubber, made for chewing.

chez /ʃeɪ/ preposition
tigh
At the home of.

chi /kaɪ/ chis n
chí
The twenty-second letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets.

chiaroscuro /kɪˌɑːɹəˈskʊəɹəʊ/ /ˌkjɑɹəˈsk(j)ʊɹoʊ/ chiaroscuri chiaroscuros n
gealdorcha chiaroscuro
(painting) An artistic technique developed during the Renaissance, referring to the use of strong contrasts between light and dark in order to create the illusion of volume.

chiasmus /kaɪˈæzməs/ chiasmi chiasmuses n
croseagar
(rhetoric) An inversion of the relationship between the elements of phrases.

chicane /t͡ʃɪˈkeɪn/ /ʃɪˈkeɪn/ chicanes n
siceán
(motor racing) A sharp double bend on a racecourse, designed to prevent unsafe speeds; an obstacle creating a curve. [from 20th c.]

chicanery /ʃɪˈkeɪn(ə)ɹi/ chicaneries n
aisiléireacht
(uncountable) Deception by the use of trickery, quibbling, or subterfuge.

chickadee /ˈt͡ʃɪ.kəˌdi/ chickadees n
méantán
A small passerine bird (songbird) of the genus Parus or the family Paridae.

chicken /ˈt͡ʃɪkən/ /ˈt͡ʃɪkɪn/ chickens n
circeoil sicín eireog
(uncountable) The meat from this bird eaten as food.
sicín eireog
(archaic) The young of any bird; a chick.

chicken pox chicken poxes n
deilgneach
(inexact, sometimes, _, proscribed, disease) Any disease causing similar symptoms.

chicken soup chicken soups n
sú circe
Any soup made with either pieces of chicken or chicken broth as its main ingredient, often thought to cure everyday illnesses such as the common cold.

chickpea /ˈt͡ʃɪkˌpiː/ chickpeas n
sicphiseánach piseánach
A seed of this plant, often used as a food.

chickweed chickweeds n
fliodh
Any of several small-leaved herbs of the genera Cerastium and Stellaria.

chicory /ˈ t͡ʃɪkəɹi/ /ˈtʃɪkəɹi/ /ˈtʃɪkɹi/ chicories n
siocaire
(chiefly, Britain) The common chicory (Cichorium intybus), the source of Belgian endive, radicchio, and sugarloaf.

chief constable chief constables n
príomhchonstábla
(British) The chief of police of most territorial UK police forces, except the Metropolitan Police and City of London Police.

chief operating officer chief operating officers n
príomhoifigeach oibriúcháin
(business) A corporate officer of a corporation, company, or agency, responsible for executing decisions of the chief executive officer (CEO) according to their decided schedule; often initialised as COO.

chieftain /ˈt͡ʃiːf.tən/ /ˈt͡ʃiːf.tɪn/ chieftains n
ceann fine taoiseach
A leader of a clan or tribe.

chiffchaff /ˈt͡ʃɪf.t͡ʃæf/ chiffchaffs n
tiuf-teaf
A small, common warbler, Phylloscopus collybita, with yellowish-green plumage that breeds throughout northern and temperate Europe and Asia.

chiffon /ʃɪˈfɑn/ /ˈʃɪfɑn/ chiffons n
sreabhann
A lightweight, balanced plain-woven sheer fabric, or gauze, like gossamer, woven of alternate S- and Z-twist crepe (high-twist) yarns made of silk, polyester, or cotton.

chilblain /t͡ʃɪlbleɪn/ chilblains n
fuachtán
An itchy purple red inflammation of the skin, especially of the hands, feet and ears, occurring when capillaries below the skin are damaged by exposure to cold weather (but do not freeze, which would lead to frostbite instead).

child /t͡ʃaɪld/ [t͡ʃaɪ̯ɫd] [ˈt͡ʃaɪ̯.ɫ̩d] childer children n
páiste clann
(with possessive) One's direct descendant by birth, regardless of age; one's offspring; a son or daughter.
páiste leanbh
A person considered a product of a place or culture, a member of a tribe or culture, regardless of age.

child benefit n
sochar linbh
(UK) A regular government payment made to parents or guardians for each child up to a certain age.

childbirth childbirths n
breith clainne
The fact or action of giving birth to a child, as the culmination of pregnancy.

childish /ˈt͡ʃaɪldɪʃ/ more childish most childish adj
leanbaí páistiúil
Immature in thought or behaviour.

childless adj
gan chlann gan chúram gan leanbh
Not having any children.

childminder childminders n
feighlí páistí
A person employed to look after other people's children while they are away; a babysitter.

childrenswear n
éadach páistí éadaí páistí
(mostly, retail) clothing for children.

chimera /kaɪˈmɪəɹə/ /kaɪˈmɪɹə/ /kəˈmɪɹə/ /kɪˈmɪəɹə/ chimeras n
ciméara
(figurative) A foolish, incongruous, or vain thought or product of the imagination.
(genetics) An organism with genetically distinct cells originating from two or more zygotes.

chimerical /kaɪ-/ /kɪˈmɛɹɪkəl/ more chimerical most chimerical adj
ciméarach
Of or pertaining to a chimera.

chimney /ˈt͡ʃɪmni/ /ˈt͡ʃɪməni/ chimneys chimnies n
múchán simléar toiteachán
A vertical tube or hollow column used to emit environmentally polluting gaseous and solid matter (including but not limited to by-products of burning carbon- or hydrocarbon-based fuels); a flue.
gloine lampa simléar lampa
The glass flue surrounding the flame of an oil lamp.

chimney pot chimney pots n
croca simléir pota simléir
A short earthenware pipe, placed on top of a chimney to improve the draft.

chimney stack chimney stacks n
simléar stoc simléir
(architectural element) A vertical structure, normally of brick, rising from a roof, containing one or more flues, each one terminating in a chimney pot.

chimney sweep chimney sweeps n
glantóir simléar
A person whose job is to clean soot from chimneys.

chimney-pot hat chimney-pot hats n
hata ard síoda
(informal) the cylindrical top hat traditionally worn by gentlemen

chimpanzee /t͡ʃɪmˈpæn.zi/ /ˌt͡ʃɪm.pænˈziː/ /ˌt͡ʃɪm.pənˈziː/ chimpanzees n
simpeansaí
Pan troglodytes, a species of great ape in the genus Pan, native to Africa, and believed by biologists to be the closest extant relative to humans along with the bonobo.
(broadly) A member of the genus Pan, including the bonobo which was formerly known as the pygmy chimpanzee.

chin /t͡ʃɪn/ chins n
smig
The bottom of a face, (specifically) the typically jutting jawline below the mouth.

chinstrap chinstraps n
smigiall
A strip of leather or material used to fasten a hat or helmet under the chin.

chip /t͡ʃɪp/ chips n
scealpóg
A small piece broken from a larger piece of solid material.
A damaged area of a surface where a small piece has been broken off.

chip /t͡ʃɪp/ v
smiot

chip off the old block chips off old blocks chips off the old block n
slis den seanmhaide
(idiomatic) Someone who takes after one of their parents; (generally) a person similar to another.

chipboard chipboards n
slischlár
(Australia, UK) A building material made from wood chips compressed and bound with synthetic resin.

chipmunk /ˈt͡ʃɪp.mʌŋk/ chipmunks n
iora talún
A squirrel-like rodent of the genus Tamias, native mainly to North America.

chirp /t͡ʃɘːp/ /t͡ʃɚp/ /t͡ʃɜːp/ chirps n
gíog
A short, sharp or high note or noise, as of a bird or insect.

chirp /t͡ʃɘːp/ /t͡ʃɚp/ /t͡ʃɜːp/ v
gíog
(intransitive) To make a short, sharp, cheerful note, as of small birds or crickets.

chisel /ˈt͡ʃɪzəl/ chisels n
gearrthóir
A cutting tool used to remove parts of stone, wood or metal by pushing or pounding the back when the sharp edge is against the material. It consists of a slim, oblong block of metal with a sharp wedge or bevel formed on one end and sometimes a handle at the other end.

chit-chat chit-chats n
giob geab
Gossip.

chivalrous /ˈt͡ʃɪv.əl.ɹəs/ /ˈʃɪv.əl.ɹəs/ more chivalrous most chivalrous adj
ridiriúil
(of a man) Honourable, especially to women; gallant.
involving chivalry.

chivalry /ˈt͡ʃɪvəlɹi/ /ˈʃɪvəlɹi/ chivalries n
ridireacht
The ethical code of the knight prevalent in Medieval Europe, having such primary virtues as mercy towards the poor and oppressed, humility, honour, sacrifice, fear of God, faithfulness, courage and courtesy to ladies.

chive /t͡ʃaɪv/ chives n
siobhas síobhas
(in the plural) The leaves of this plant used as a herb.

chloride /ˈklɔɹˌaɪd/ /ˈklɔːˌɹaɪd/ chlorides n
clóiríd
(chemistry) any salt of hydrochloric acid, such as sodium chloride, or any binary compound of chlorine and another element or radical

chlorine /ˈklɔɹin/ /ˈklɔːɹiːn/ chlorines n
clóirín
A toxic, green, gaseous chemical element (symbol Cl) with an atomic number of 17.

chlorite /ˈklɔɹˌaɪt/ /ˈklɔːˌɹaɪt/ /ˈklɔːˌɹʌɪt/ chlorites n
clóirít
(chemistry, countable) Any salt of chlorous acid.

chocolate /t͡ʃɔk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɑk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɒk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɒk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɔːk(ə)lət/ more chocolate most chocolate adj
donn seacláide donnrua
Having a dark reddish-brown colour/color.

chocolate /t͡ʃɔk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɑk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɒk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɒk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɔːk(ə)lət/ chocolates n
seacláid
(mostly, uncountable) A food made from ground roasted cocoa beans.
(countable) A single, small piece of confectionery made from chocolate.
(uncountable) A dark, reddish-brown colour/color, like that of chocolate (also called chocolate brown).

chocolate bar chocolate bars n
barra seacláide
A flat slab of chocolate, usually oblong in shape, which can be broken into smaller segments when being eaten, either solid or with a filling such as nuts or caramel.

chocolate cake chocolate cakes n
cáca seacláide císte seacláide
A cake flavored with melted chocolate or chocolate powder.

chocolatier chocolatiers n
déantóir seacláide
A producer of chocolate.

choice /t͡ʃɔɪs/ choicer choicest more choice most choice adj
tofa
Especially good or preferred.

choice /t͡ʃɔɪs/ choices n
rogha toghadh
One selection or preference; that which is chosen or decided; the outcome of a decision.
rogha
Anything that can be chosen.
(usually, with the) The best or most preferable part.

choir /kwaɪə(ɹ)/ /kwaɪɚ/ choirs n
cór
A group of people who sing together; a company of people who are trained to sing together.

choirmaster choirmasters n
stiúrthóir cóir
the musical director of a choir, who conducts performances and supervises rehearsal

choke /t͡ʃoʊk/ /t͡ʃəʊk/ chokes n
tachtaire tachtóir
A control on a carburetor to adjust the air/fuel mixture when the engine is cold.
tachtadh
(sports) In wrestling, karate (etc.), a type of hold that can result in strangulation.

choke /t͡ʃoʊk/ /t͡ʃəʊk/ v
tacht
(intransitive) To be unable to breathe because of obstruction of the windpipe (for instance food or other objects that go down the wrong way, or fumes or particles in the air that cause the throat to constrict).
plúch tacht
(transitive) To prevent (someone) from breathing or talking by strangling or filling the windpipe.
(transitive) To hinder or check, as growth, expansion, progress, etc.; to kill (a plant by robbing it of nutrients); to extinguish (fire by robbing it of oxygen).

cholangiocarcinoma cholangiocarcinomas cholangiocarcinomata n
ailse dhucht an domlais
(pathology) Cancer of the bile ducts (e.g., common bile duct, cholangioles).

chole- prefix
col-
(anatomy, medicine) Relating to bile ducts.

choler cholers n
lionn rua
Anger or irritability.
One of the four humours of ancient physiology, also known as yellow bile.

cholera /ˈkɑləɹə/ /ˈkɒləɹə/ choleras n
calar
(pathology) Any of several acute infectious diseases of humans and domestic animals, caused by certain strains of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium through ingestion of contaminated water or food, usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.

choleraic /ˌkɒl.əˈɹeɪ.ɪk/ more choleraic most choleraic adj
calarach coileardha coilearga
Relating to, or resembling, cholera.

chondrodysplasia chondrodysplasias n
condraidiospláise
(pathology) A genetic disorder characterized by short-limbed dwarfism

choose /t͡ʃuːz/ v
roghnaigh togh
To pick; to make the choice of; to select.
togh
To decide to act in a certain way.

chop /t͡ʃɑp/ /t͡ʃɒp/ v
smiot

choppable more choppable most choppable adj
so-ghearrtha
Capable of being chopped.

chopping block chopping blocks n
ceap búistéara
A wooden slab used as a cutting surface for food etc.

choppy /ˈt͡ʃɒ.pi/ choppier choppiest adj
útamáilte
(of the surface of water) Having many small, rough waves.

chopstick chopsticks n
cipín itheacháin
(usually, in the plural) An East Asian eating utensil usually used as a pair and held in one hand to grip pieces of food or occasionally to mix liquids or scoop up small pieces of food. The utensil is a stick, usually made of wood and measuring approximately 23cm (10 inches) in length.

chord /kɔɹd/ /kɔːd/ chords n
corda
(music) A harmonic set of three or more notes that is heard as if sounding simultaneously.

choreography /ˌkɒɹiˌɒɡɹəfi/ /ˌkɔɹiˌɑɡɹəfi/ choreographies n
cóiréagrafaíocht córagrafaíocht
(by extension, figurative) The art of creating and arranging any activities that involve social coordination or orchestration.
(uncountable) The art of creating, arranging and recording the dance movements of a work, such as a ballet.
cóiréagrafaíocht
The representation of these movements by a series of symbols.

chorister /ˈkwæɹɪstəɹ/ /ˈkwɒɹɪstəɹ/ /ˈkwɪɹɪstəɹ/ /ˈkɒɹɪstə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɔɹɪstɚ/ choristers n
cantaire
A singer in a choir.

chorus /ˈkɔɹaɪ/ /ˈkɔɹəs/ /ˈkɔːɹaɪ/ /ˈkɔːɹəs/ chori choruses chorusses n
cór
A group of singers performing together; a choir; specifically, such a group singing together in a musical, an opera, etc., as distinct from the soloists; an ensemble.

chough /t͡ʃʌf/ choughs n
cág cosdearg
Either of two species of bird of the genus Pyrrhocorax in the crow family Corvidae that breed mainly in high mountains and on coastal sea cliffs of Eurasia.

christening /ˈkɹɪs.ə.nɪŋ/ christenings n
baisteadh
The Christian sacrament at which someone, usually a child, is baptized and given a Christian name.

chromate /ˈkɹəʊmeɪt/ chromates n
crómáit
(inorganic chemistry) any salt of chromic acid; in solution the yellow chromate anion (CrO42-) is in equilibrium with the orange dichromate anion (Cr2O72−), the relative amount of each ion depending on the pH; they are both very powerful oxidizing agents

chromatic /kɹoʊˈmæt.ɪk/ /kɹəʊˈmæt.ɪk/ /kɹəˈmæt ɪk/ /kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/ [-ɾɪk] more chromatic most chromatic adj
crómatach glédhathach
(uncomparable) Characterized or caused by, or relating to, colour or hue.
crómatach leath-thonach
Relating to or using notes not belonging to the diatonic scale of the key in which a passage of music is written.

chromatic scale chromatic scales n
scála leath-thonach
(music) A scale including all intervals of a particular tuning within an octave.

chromatography /ˌkɹəʊ.məˈtɒɡɹə.fi/ chromatographies n
crómatagrafaíocht
(analytical chemistry) Any of various techniques for the qualitative or quantitative separation of the components of mixtures of compounds; all characterized by the use of a mobile phase (gas or liquid) moving relative to a stationary phase (liquid or solid) – the differences between the rates of migration of the compounds between the two phases affect the separation.

chromium /ˈkɹoʊ.mi.əm/ chromiums n
cróimiam
A chemical element (symbol Cr) with an atomic number of 24: a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle transition metal.

chromonema chromonemata n
crómainéime
(genetics) The central coiled filament of a chromatid upon which the chromomeres lie

chromosomal adj
crómasómach
Of or relating to chromosomes.

chromosome /ˈkɹoʊməˌsoʊm/ /ˈkɹoʊməˌzoʊm/ /ˈkɹəʊ.məˌsəʊm/ /ˈkɹəʊ.məˌzəʊm/ chromosomes n
crómasóm
(cytology, genetics) A linear arrangement of condensed DNA and associated proteins (such as chaperone proteins) which contains the genetic material (genome) of an organism.

chronicity /kɹɑˈnɪsɪti/ /kɹɒˈnɪsɪti/ chronicities n
ainseal
The condition of being chronic.

chronicle /ˈkɹɑnɪkl̩/ /ˈkɹɒnɪkəl/ chronicles n
leabhar oiris
A written account of events and when they happened, ordered by time.

chronicler chroniclers n
croiniceoir croinicí oiriseach
A person who writes a chronicle or chronicles.

chronicling chroniclings n
croiniceacht
The act by which something is chronicled.

chrono- prefix
cróna-
time

chronological /ˌkɹɒnəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ more chronological most chronological adj
cróineolaíoch
In order of time from the earliest to the latest.

chronologist /kɹəˈnɒləd͡ʒɪst/ chronologists n
cróineolaí
A person skilled in chronology.

chronology /kɹəˈnɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /kɹəˈnɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ chronologies n
croineolaíocht
(uncountable) The science of determining the order in which events occurred.
(countable) An arrangement of events into chronological order; called a timeline when involving graphical elements.

chronometer /kɹəˈnɑ.mə.tɚ/ /kɹəˈnɒm.ə.tə(ɹ)/ /kɹəˈnɔm.ə.tə(ɹ)/ [kɹəˈnɑ.mə.ɾɚ] chronometers n
cronaiméadar
A device for measuring time, particularly a precision mechanism for measuring time of day.

chronon chronons n
crónón
(physics) A hypothetical quantum or particle of time.

chronostratigraphy n
crónastratagrafaíocht
(geology) The interpretation of geologic history by means of the determination of the ages, and time sequence of rock strata.

chronotaxis chronotaxes n
crónaluadar
A list or table, sorted in chronological order, of people who held an office. Mostly used for the succession of bishops.

chronozone /ˈkɹɒnəzəʊn/ chronozones n
crónaichrios
(geology) A group of strata formed during the same chron of geologic time

chrysanthemum /kɹɪˈsænθəməm/ chrysanthema chrysanthemums n
criosantamam
Any of many flowering perennial plants, of the genus Chrysanthemum, native to China, that have showy radiate heads.

chrysolite /ˈkɹɪs.əˌlaɪt/ chrysolites n
cloch óir
(mineral) Originally, any of various green-coloured gems; later specifically peridot.

chuck /t͡ʃʊk/ /t͡ʃʌk/ chucks n
crágán
(mechanical engineering) A mechanical device that holds an object firmly in place, for example holding a drill bit in a high-speed rotating drill or grinder.

chunk /t͡ʃʌŋk/ chunks n
baog
A representative portion of a substance, often large and irregular.

church /t͡ʃɜːt͡ʃ/ /t͡ʃɝt͡ʃ/ churches n
eaglais teampall teach pobail
(countable) A Christian house of worship; a building where Christian religious services take place. [from 9th c.]
eaglais teampall
(countable) A local group of people who follow the same Christian religious beliefs, local or general. [from 9th c.]
(uncountable) Organized religion in general or a specific religion considered as a political institution.

church service church services n
seirbhís eaglaise
A formalized period of communal worship, often but not exclusively occurring on Sunday, or Saturday in the case of those churches practicing Sabbatarianism.

churchgoer churchgoers n
Aifreannach
One who regularly goes to church; a practicing Christian.

churchman /ˈt͡ʃɜːt͡ʃmən/ churchmen n
eaglaiseach
A person (originally a man) of authority in a Christian religious organization (a church). [from 16th c.]

churchyard cough churchyard coughs n
casacht thollta
(informal, medicine) A severe cough. (condition that causes one to cough, tendency to cough)

churl /tʃɜːl/ /t͡ʃɝl/ churls n
aitheach bod bodach ceamalach daoi
(derogatory) A rough, surly, ill-bred person; a boor. [from 14th c.]

churlish /ˈtʃɜːlɪʃ/ /ˈt͡ʃɝːlɪʃ/ more churlish most churlish adj
bodúil tútach
Of or pertaining to a serf, peasant, or rustic.
Rude, surly, ungracious. [from late 14th c.]

churlishness n
bodúlacht brúisciúlacht daidhce daoithiúlacht doicheall doicheallaí
the state of being churlish

churn /tʃɜːn/ /t͡ʃɝn/ churns n
cuinneog meadar
A vessel used for churning, especially for producing butter.

churn /tʃɜːn/ /t͡ʃɝn/ v
maistrigh
(transitive) To agitate rapidly and repetitively, or to stir with a rowing or rocking motion; generally applies to liquids, notably cream.

ciborium /sɪˈbɔəɹɪəm/ ciboria ciboriums n
cuach abhlann cuach altóra
(Christianity) A covered receptacle for holding the consecrated wafers of the Eucharist.

cider /ˈsaɪ̯.də/ /ˈsaɪ̯.dɚ/ [ˈsʌɪ̯ɾə(ɹ)] ciders n
ceirtlis leann úll
(Australia) A non-alcoholic carbonated beverage made from apples or pears.
(Japan, South Korea) A non-alcoholic, lemon-lime flavored carbonated beverage.

cigar /sɪˈɡɑɹ/ /sɪˈɡɑː(ɹ)/ cigars n
toitín
A cylinder of tobacco rolled and wrapped with an outer covering of tobacco leaves, intended to be smoked.

cigarette /sɪ.ɡəˈɹɛt/ /ˈsɪ.ɡə.ɹɛt/ cigarettes n
toitín
Tobacco or other substances, in a thin roll wrapped with paper, intended to be smoked.

ciliary /ˈsɪl.i.ə.ɹi/ /ˈsɪl.iˌɛɹ.i/ adj
fabhraíoch
Of or pertaining to the eyelashes.

cincture /sɪŋk.t͡ʃɚ/ cinctures n
bábhún
An enclosure, or the act of enclosing, encircling or encompassing
crios
A girdle or belt, especially as part of a vestment
caiseal
(architecture) The fillet, listel, or band next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a column.

cinder /ˈsɪndə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪndɚ/ cinders n
aibhleog dhóite
Partially or mostly burnt material that results from incomplete combustion of coal or wood etc.

cinema /ˈsɪn.ə.mə/ /ˈsɪn.ɪ.mɑː/ /ˈsɪn.ɪ.mə/ cinemas n
pictiúrlann
(countable) A movie theatre, a movie house

cinematography /ˈsɪn.ə.məˌtɒɡ.ɹə.fiː/ cinematographies n
cineamatagrafaíocht
The art, process, or job of filming movies.

cinerary urn cinerary urns n
próca luaithrigh
A vessel used to preserve cremated remains.

cinnabar /ˈsɪn.əˌbɑɹ/ /ˈsɪn.əˌbɑː(ɹ)/ cinnabars n
cionnabar
A deep red mineral, mercuric sulfide, HgS; the principal ore of mercury; such ore used as the pigment vermilion.
A bright red colour tinted with orange.
leamhan flanndearg
(countable) A species of moth, Tyria jacobaeae, having red patches on its predominantly black wings.

cinnamon /ˈsɪ.mɪn/ /ˈsɪn.ə.mən/ /ˈsɪn.ə.mɪn/ cinnamons n
cainéal
(mostly, uncountable) A spice from the dried aromatic bark of the cinnamon tree, either rolled into strips or ground into a powder. The word is commonly used as trade name for spices made of any of the species above.

circadian /səˈkeɪ.dɪ.ən/ /sɚˈkeɪ.di.ən/ /sɚˈkæd.i.ən/ /ˌsɝ.kəˈdaɪ.ən/ /ˌsɝ.kəˈdi.ən/ adj
laethúil
(biology) Of, relating to, or showing rhythmic behaviour with a period of 24 hours; especially of a biological process.

circle /ˈsɜɹkəl/ [ˈsɜː.kəɫ] [ˈsɝ.kəɫ] circles n
ciorcal
(geometry) A two-dimensional geometric figure, a line, consisting of the set of all those points in a plane that are equally distant from a given point (center).
A two-dimensional geometric figure, a disk, consisting of the set of all those points of a plane at a distance less than or equal to a fixed distance (radius) from a given point.
Any thin three-dimensional equivalent of the geometric figures.

circle /ˈsɜɹkəl/ [ˈsɜː.kəɫ] [ˈsɝ.kəɫ] v
ciorclaigh
(transitive) To place or mark a circle around.

circlet /ˈsɜː(ɹ)klət/ circlets n
fleasc
A ring (typically of gold or silver) worn as an ornament on the head.

circuit /ˈsəɾ.kɪʈ/ /ˈsɜː.kɪt/ /ˈsɜː.kɪʈ/ /ˈsɝ.kɪt/ circuits n
cuairt imchuairt mórthimpeall timpeall
The act of moving or revolving around, or as in a circle or orbit; a revolution
ciorcad
(electricity) Enclosed path of an electric current, usually designed for a certain function.

circuit breaker circuit breakers n
iamh is oscailt réabaire ciorcaid scoradán ciorcaid
(electricity) An electrical switch capable of opening and closing an electrical circuit in all operating conditions, including fault situations.

circular /ˈsɜː.kjə.lə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɝ.kjə.lɚ/ more circular most circular adj
ciorclach
In the shape of, or moving in a circle.

circular breathing n
análú ciorclach
A particular breathing technique: it involves inhaling via the nose while pushing air, that was stored in the cheeks, out through the lips, so allows for continuous playing of a wind instrument.

circular letter circular letters n
imlitir
A freely distributed letter or pamphlet on routine matters.

circular saw circular saws n
sábh ciorclach
A power saw with a circular cutting blade, whose teeth rotate rapidly.

circulatory system /-tɹi-/ /ˌsɜːk(j)uːlətəɹi ˈsɪstəm/ /ˌsɝkjələˌtɔɹi ˈsɪstəm/ circulatory systems n
cardashoithíoch córas imsruthaithe
(physiology) The parts of an animal body comprising the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood, which circulate the blood around the body. [from mid 19th c.]

circumcise /ˈsəːkəmsʌɪz/ v
imghearr timpeallghearr
(military, nautical, slang) To trim off the portion of the barrel liner of a large-caliber naval gun that protrudes from the end of the barrel as a result of the liner slowly stretching from prolonged fire.

circumcision /ˌsɜː(ɹ)kəmˈsɪʒən/ circumcisions n
imghearradh timpeallghearradh
The surgical excision of the foreskin and usually all or most of the penile frenulum.

circumference /səˈkamfɹəns/ /səˈkʌmfɹəns/ /sɚˈkʌmfɹəns/ /sɜːˈkʌmfɹəns/ /sɝːˈkʌmfɹəns/ circumferences n
timpeall
(geometry) The line that bounds a circle or other two-dimensional figure.
(geometry) The length of such a line.

circumflex /ˈsɜː.kəmˌflɛks/ /ˈsɝ.kəmˌflɛks/ circumflexes n
cuairín
A diacritical mark (ˆ) placed over a vowel in the orthography or transliteration of many languages to change its pronunciation; while in some other languages over a consonant.

circumpolar adj
impholach
Located or found throughout a polar region.
timpholach
(astronomy) Of a celestial body, continually visible above the horizon during the entire 360 degrees of daily travel.

circumstance /-aːns/ /-æns/ /-ɑːns/ /ˈsɜːkəmst(ə)ns/ /ˈsɜːkəmstæns/ /ˈsɝ.kəm.ˌstæns/ circumstances n
toisc
Something which is related to, or in some way affects, a fact or event.

circumstantial /səːkəmˈstanʃəl/ more circumstantial most circumstantial adj
beacht
Abounding with minor circumstances; in great detail; particular.

circumvent /səːkəmˈvɛnt/ v
timpeallaigh
(transitive) to surround or besiege

circus /ˈsɜːkəs/ /ˈsɝkəs/ circi circuses circusses n
sorcas
A traveling company of performers that may include acrobats, clowns, trained animals, and other novelty acts, that gives shows usually in a circular tent. [from late 18th c.]

circus ring circus rings n
cró sorcais fáinne sorcais
A circular arena in a circus, where the acts are performed.

cirque /sɜːk/ /sɝk/ cirques n
coire
(geology) A curved depression or natural amphitheatre, especially one in a mountainside at the end of a valley.

cirrhosis /sɪˈɹoʊ.sɪs/ cirrhoses n
chiorróis
(pathology) A chronic disease of the liver caused by damage from toxins (including alcohol), metabolic problems, hepatitis, or nutritional deprivation, characterised by an increase in fibrous tissue and the destruction of liver cells.

cistern /ˈsɪs.tən/ /ˈsɪs.tɚn/ cisterns n
sistéal
A reservoir or tank for holding water, especially for catching and holding rainwater for later use.

citation /ˌsaɪˈteɪʃn̩/ /ˌsaɪˈteɪʃən/ [ˌsaɪˈtʰeɪʃn̩] citations n
ardlua

citizen /ˈsɪtɪsən/ /ˈsɪtɪzən/ citizens n
saoránach
A legally-recognized member of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role. [from 14th c.]
cathróir sibhialtach
(Christianity) A resident of the heavenly city or (later) of the kingdom of God: a Christian; a good Christian. [from 15th c.]

citizenship /sɪtɪzənʃɪp/ citizenships n
cathróireacht saoránacht
The state of being a citizen; the status of a citizen.

citrate /ˈsɪtɹeɪt/ citrates n
ciotráit
(organic compound) Any salt or ester of citric acid.

citric /ˈsɪtɹɪk/ adj
citreach
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, citrus fruit.

citric acid /ˌsɪtɹɪk ˈæsɪd/ n
aigéad citreach
(carboxylic acid) A colourless crystalline compound, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, C6H8O7, found in citrus fruit; it is used as a food additive and in the manufacture of citrates.

citrine /ˈsɪtɹain/ /ˈsɪtɹin/ /ˈsɪtɹiːn/ /ˈsɪtɹən/ adj
ciotrónach
Of a goldish-yellow colour.

citrine /ˈsɪtɹain/ /ˈsɪtɹin/ /ˈsɪtɹiːn/ /ˈsɪtɹən/ citrines n
ciotrónach
A goldish-yellow colour, like that of a lemon.
citrín tópás bréige
A brownish-yellow quartz.

citron /ˈsɪtəɹn/ /ˈsɪtɹən/ citrons n
ciotrón crann ciotrón
A small citrus tree, Citrus medica.
ciotrón
The fruit of a citron tree.

citrus /ˈsɪtɹəs/ citri citruses citrusses n
crann citris
Any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Citrus in the family Rutaceae.

citrus fruit citrus fruits n
citreas toradh citris
Any of the fruits in the common genus Citrus of flowering plants in the family Rutaceae.

cittern citterns n
siotaran
A stringed instrument (chordophone), played with a plectrum (a pick), and most commonly possessing four wire strings and chromatic frets, which is a precursor to the modern day guitar.

city /sɪtɪ/ /ˈsɪti/ [ˈsɪtʰiː] [ˈsɪɾi] cities n
cathair baile mór
(UK) A settlement granted special status by royal charter or letters patent; traditionally, a settlement with a cathedral regardless of size.

city manager city managers n
bainisteoir cathrach
(government) A municipal official responsible for the operations of a city, usually appointed by a town or city council rather than elected.

civil /ˈsɪv.əl/ civiler civilest more civil most civil adj
sibhialta
(uncomparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.
béasach sibhialta
(comparable) Behaving in a reasonable or polite manner; avoiding displays of hostility.

civil disobedience n
easumhlaíocht shibhialta
A form of social protest, involving the active but non-violent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of an established authority, because they are considered to be morally wrong or detrimental.

civil engineer civil engineers n
innealtóir sibhialta
An engineer who is specifically trained for and/or specialised in civil engineering.

civil engineering n
innealtóireacht shibhialta
The technical design and construction of public works such as bridges, buildings, harbours, public greens, roads, etc., and/or technically equivalent private (usually corporate) ones.

civil law civil laws n
dlí sibhialta
(law) The body of law dealing with the private relations between members of a community; it contrasts with criminal law, military law and ecclesiastical law.

civil partnership civil partnerships n
páirtnéireacht shibhialta
A union similar to marriage which same-sex couples, and in some jurisdictions opposite-sex couples, may form, which affords rights and responsibilities similar or identical to those afforded by civil marriage.

civil rights n
cearta sibhialta
(US) Those rights which are guaranteed protection by the US Constitution and are considered to be unquestionable, deserved by all people under all circumstances, especially without regard to race, creed, religion, sexual orientation, gender, and disability.

civil union civil unions n
cumann sibhialta
A legal union similar to marriage, established to allow same-sex couples (and, in some jurisdictions, opposite-sex couples) rights similar to those married couples have.

civil war civil wars n
cogadh cathartha
A war fought between factions of the inhabitants of a single country, or a similar political entity.

civilian /sɪˈvɪljən/ civilians n
sibhialtach
A person following the pursuits of civil life, especially one who is not an active member of the armed forces.
(informal) A person who does not belong to a particular group or engage in a particular activity, an outsider.

civility /sɪˈvɪl.ɪ.ti/ civilities n
sibhialtacht
Speech or behaviour that is fit for civil interactions; politeness, courtesy. [from 16th c.]

civilization /ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ [ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən] civilizations n
sibhialtacht
An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development.
(uncountable) Human society, particularly civil society.
The state or quality of being civilized.

cladogram cladograms n
cládagram

clairvoyant /ˌklɛəˈvɔɪ.ənt/ /ˌklɛɹˈvɔɪ.ənt/ clairvoyants n
bean feasa
A person able to see things that cannot be perceived by the normal senses
A person able to foresee the future

clam /klæm/ [kleəm] clams n
breallach
A bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are edible; for example soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria), hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), sea clams or hen clam (Spisula solidissima), and other species, possibly originally applied to clams of species Tridacna gigas, a huge East Indian bivalve.
(US, slang, mostly, in the plural) A dollar.

clam chowder clam chowders n
seabhdar breallach
A type of chowder made from clams and usually potatoes, with numerous variations.

clamor /ˈklæm.ə/ /ˈklæm.ɚ/ clamors n
callán
Any loud and continued noise.

clamorous /ˈklæməɹəs/ more clamorous most clamorous adj
ardghlórach béiceach callánach
Creating a loud noise. (of people, animals or things)

clan /klæn/ clans n
clann
A traditional social group of families in the Scottish Highlands having a common hereditary chieftain

clap /klæp/ claps n
boiseog
The act of striking the palms of the hands, or any two surfaces, together.
A slap with the hand, usually in a jovial manner.

clapper /ˈklæpɚ/ clappers n
boschrann teanga cloig
An object so suspended inside a bell that it may hit the bell and cause it to ring; a clanger or tongue.

clarinet /ˌklæɹɪˈnɛt/ /ˌklɛɹɪˈnɛt/ clarinets n
clairnéid
(musical instruments) A woodwind musical instrument that has a distinctive liquid tone whose characteristics vary among its three registers: chalumeau (low), clarion (medium), and altissimo (high).

clarinetist /ˌklæɹɪˈnɛtɪst/ clarinetists n
clairnéideoir
Someone who plays the clarinet.

clarity /ˈklæɹ.ə.ti/ /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/ /ˈklɛɹ.ə.ti/ [ˈklɛɹ.ə.ɾi] clarities n
glaine gléine
The state or measure of being clear, either in appearance, thought or style; lucidity.

clarsach /ˈklɑːsək/ /ˈklɑːɹsəx/ clarsachs n
cláirseach
A small triangular wire-strung harp of Gaelic origin.

class /klas/ /kleəs/ /klæs/ /klɑ(ː)s/ /klɑːs/ classes n
aicme
(countable) A group, collection, category or set sharing characteristics or attributes.
(sociology, countable) A social grouping, based on job, wealth, etc. In Britain, society is commonly split into three main classes: upper class, middle class and working class.
(uncountable) The division of society into classes.
mianach
(uncountable) Admirable behavior; elegance.
rang
(education, countable, and, uncountable) A group of students in a regularly scheduled meeting with a teacher.
(countable) A group of students who commenced or completed their education during a particular year. A school class.
(taxonomy, countable) A rank in the classification of organisms, below phylum and above order; a taxon of that rank.
rang cúrsa
A series of lessons covering a single subject.
grád
(countable) A category of seats in an airplane, train or other means of mass transportation.

classic /ˈklæs.ɪk/ more classic most classic adj
clasaiceach
Exemplary of a particular style; defining a class/category; typical.
Exhibiting timeless quality and excellence.

classic /ˈklæs.ɪk/ classics n
clasaic clasaiceach
A perfect and/or early example of a particular style.
An artistic work of lasting worth, such as a film or song; a work of enduring excellence.

classical /ˈklæsɪkl̩/ more classical most classical adj
clasaiceach
(informal, music) Describing art music (rather than pop, jazz, blues, etc), especially when played using instruments of the orchestra.
Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and Romans, especially to Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of the period when their best literature was produced; of or pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and Romans, or rendered famous by their deeds.
Conforming to the best authority in literature and art; chaste; pure; refined

classical guitar classical guitars n
giotár clasaiceach
A type of flat-tabled guitar of Spanish origin used primarily for Western classical music, flamenco, and Latin American music, with six nylon (formerly gut) strings, usually played with the fingers rather than with a plectrum.

classification /ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ classifications n
aicmiú
The act of forming into a class or classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or attributes.

classify /ˈklæs.əˌfaɪ/ /ˈklæs.ɪ.faɪ/ v
rangaigh
to identify by or divide into classes; to categorize

clastic /ˈklæstɪk/ adj
clastach
(geology, of rock) Made from fragments of pre-existing rocks.

clause /klɑz/ /klɔz/ /klɔːz/ clauses n
clásal
(grammar) A verb along with its subject and their modifiers. If a clause provides a complete thought on its own, then it is an independent (superordinate) clause; otherwise, it is (subordinate) dependent.
agús clásal foráil
(legal) A separate part of a contract, a will or another legal document.

claustrophobia /ˌklɑː.strəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌklɒs.trəˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ claustrophobias n
clástrafóibe uamhan clóis
The fear of closed, tight places.

clavichord /ˈklæv.ɪˌkɔɹd/ /ˈklæv.ɪˌkɔːd/ clavichords n
clabhchorda
(musical instruments) An early keyboard instrument producing a soft sound by means of metal blades (called tangents) attached to the inner ends of the keys gently striking the strings.

clavicle /ˈklæv.ɪk.l̩/ /ˈklæv.ɪk.əl/ clavicles n
dealrachán branra brád cnámh smiolgadáin
(skeleton) The collarbone; the prominent bone at the top of the chest between the shoulder and the neck connecting the shoulder and the breastbone.

claw /klɑ/ /klɔ/ /klɔː/ claws n
crúb
A curved, pointed horny nail on each digit of the foot of a mammal, reptile, or bird.
crág
A foot equipped with such.
crúb ordóg
The pincer (chela) of a crustacean or other arthropod.
(botany) A slender appendage or process, formed like a claw, such as the base of petals of the pink.
ladhar
A mechanical device resembling a claw, used for gripping or lifting.

claw hammer claw hammers n
casúr cluasach
A hammer with two prongs protruding back from the head to allow for removing nails from wood.

clay /kleɪ/ [kl̥eɪ] clays n
cré
A mineral substance made up of small crystals of silica and alumina, that is ductile when moist; the material of pre-fired ceramics.

clay pit clay pits n
poll cré
A quarry for clay

clean /kleːn/ /klin/ /kliːn/ [kʰl̥eːn] [kʰl̥iːn] [kʰl̥ĩn] cleaner cleanest adj
glan
Not dirty, filthy, or soiled.
Pure, especially morally or religiously.
Smooth, exact, and performed well.

clean /kleːn/ /klin/ /kliːn/ [kʰl̥eːn] [kʰl̥iːn] [kʰl̥ĩn] cleaner cleanest adv
ar fad
Fully and completely.

clean /kleːn/ /klin/ /kliːn/ [kʰl̥eːn] [kʰl̥iːn] [kʰl̥ĩn] v
glan
(transitive) To remove dirt from a place or object.
(transitive) To tidy up, make a place neat.
(intransitive) To make things clean in general.

clean-cut more clean-cut most clean-cut adj
dea-chóirithe pointeáilte slachtmhar
Having a neat, smart appearance

cleanness /ˈkliːn.nəs/ cleannesses n
glaine
Moral purity; innocence.
glaine glaineacht
The state of being physically clean and free of contamination or dirt; cleanliness.

cleansing /ˈklɛn.zɪŋ/ more cleansing most cleansing adj
glantach
That cleanses.

clear /klɪə(ɹ)/ /klɪɹ/ clearer clearest adj
glan
Transparent in colour.
glan spéirghlan
Without clouds.
soiléir follas follasach
Free of ambiguity or doubt; easily understood.

clear away v
cart
(transitive, figuratively) To dispose of, to get rid of, to remove.

clear up v
fuascail
(transitive) To clarify, to correct a misconception.

clearing /ˈklɪə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈklɪɹ.ɪŋ/ clearings n
réiteach
An area of land within a wood or forest devoid of trees.

clearing bank clearing banks n
banc imréitithe
Any of a network of banks that have a formal arrangement for the exchange of cheques, drafts, etc.

clearness clearnesses n
gile glaine trédhearcacht
The state of being free from obscurities or opacity; distinctness of light, colour etc. [from 17th c.]

clearway clearways n
glanbhealach
(UK, Australia, NZ) A road or other path that is kept free of obstructions, or on which stopping is strictly regulated, in order to maintain free flow of movement.

cleaver /ˈklivɚ/ cleavers n
scian bhúistéara
A squarish, heavy knife used by butchers for hacking through bones, etc.

cleavers n
garbhlus
Galium aparine, a herbaceous annual bedstraw of the family Rubiaceae.

clef /klɛf/ clefs n
eochair
A symbol found on a musical staff that indicates the pitches represented by the lines and the spaces on the staff [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

cleft sentence cleft sentences n
abairt scoilte
(linguistics) A complex sentence whose meaning could be expressed by a simple sentence, that has a dependent clause in front of the main clause, and that typically stresses a particular constituent.

cleistogamy n
cléisteagamacht
(botany) The production of flowers which do not open and are self-fertilized in the bud.

clenbuterol n
cleanbútaról deannach ainglí
(pharmaceutical drug) The decongestant and bronchodilator 1-(4-amino-3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(tert-butylamino)ethanol.

clerestory /ˈklɪəɹ.stɔːɹi/ clerestories n
barrbhalla fuinneogach gléstór

clergyman /ˈklɜːdʒimən/ /ˈklɝd͡ʒimən/ clergymen n
eaglaiseach
A male member of a clergy; especially, an ordained (male) Christian minister.

cleric /ˈklɛɹɪk/ clerics n
cléireach
A member of a clergy.

clerical /ˈklɛɹɪkəl/ adj
cléireachais cléiriúil
Of or relating to clerks or their work.

clerical collar clerical collars n
bóna sagairt
A stiff white collar, having no opening at the front, fastened at the back, worn by members of the Christian clergy.

clerk /klɐːk/ /klɑːk/ /klɜːk/ /klɝk/ clerks n
cléireach
One who occupationally provides assistance by working with records, accounts, letters, etc.; an office worker.

clever /ˈklɛvə/ /ˈklɛvɚ/ cleverer cleverest more clever most clever adj
abúil
cliste
Smart, intelligent, or witty; mentally quick or sharp.

cleverness /ˈklɛvənəs/ /ˈklɛvɚnəs/ clevernesses n
abúlacht aibíocht
Something clever, or done cleverly.

clew /kljuː/ /kluʊ̯/ /kluː/ clews n
ceirtlín
(obsolete) A roughly spherical mass or body.
(archaic) A ball of thread or yarn.

click /klɪk/ [kʰl̥ɪk] v
cliceáil gliogáil
(transitive, GUI) To select a software item using, usually, but not always, the pressing of a mouse button.

clickbait /ˈklɪkbeɪt/ clickbaits n
cluain chliceála
(Internet, _, marketing, pejorative) Website content that is aimed at generating advertising revenue, especially at the expense of quality or accuracy, relying on sensationalist headlines to attract click-throughs; such headlines.

cliff /klɪf/ [kl̥ʰɪf] cliffs n
aill
A vertical (or nearly vertical) rock face.

climate /ˈklaɪ.mət/ /ˈklaɪ.mɪt/ climates n
aer aeráid clíoma
The long-term manifestations of weather and other atmospheric conditions in a given area or country, now usually represented by the statistical summary of its weather conditions during a period long enough to ensure that representative values are obtained (generally 30 years).

climate change /ˈklaɪmət ˌtʃeɪndʒ/ climate changes n
athrú aeráide
Rapid, large-scale, and long-term change in the Earth's climatic system produced by global warming; anthropogenic climate change.

climate denier climate deniers n
séantóir aeráide

climate emergency climate emergencies n
éigeandáil aeráide
The dangerous situation in which anthropogenic climate change threatens to cause irreversible environmental damage.

climatic /klaɪˈmætɪk/ adj
aeráideach clíomach
Of, relating to, or influenced by climate.

climatologist climatologists n
clíomeolaí
A person who studies, professes or practices climatology.

climatology /klaɪ.mɪˈtɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /klaɪ.mɪˈtɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ climatologies n
clíomeolaíocht
The science that deals with climates, and investigates their phenomena and causes.

climb /klaɪm/ v
ardaigh gabh suas téigh suas
(intransitive) To ascend; rise; to go up.
dreap
(transitive) To mount; to move upwards on.
(transitive) To scale; to get to the top of something.
(transitive) To move (especially up and down something) by gripping with the hands and using the feet.
(intransitive) To practise the sport of climbing.
(botany) Of plants, to grow upwards by clinging to something.

climbing /ˈklaɪ̯mɪŋ/ climbings n
dreapadóireacht

clinch /klɪnt͡ʃ/ clinches n
greim géagáil
(wrestling, combat sports) The act of one or both fighters holding onto the other to prevent being hit or engage in standup grappling.

cling film /ˈklɪŋˌfɪlm/ cling films n
scannán cumhdaithe
(British) A plastic film (originally polyvinylidene chloride but now polyethylene) that is so light and thin that it clings to any object about which it is wrapped; used to cover and preserve foodstuffs etc.

clingfilm /ˈklɪŋfɪlm/ clingfilms n
scannán cumhdaithe
(Britain, Ireland) Light, transparent plastic film used as a wrapping for food etc.

clinic /ˈklɪnɪk/ clinics n
clinic
A medical facility, such as a hospital, especially one for the treatment and diagnosis of outpatients.

clinometer /klaɪ̯ˈnɑː.mə.tɚ/ clinometers n
claonmhéadar
An apparatus for measuring a vertical angle, a slope, or the height of a large object (e.g. a tree).

clipboard clipboards n
fáisc-chlár gearrthaisce
(computing) A buffer in memory where the user can store data temporarily while transferring it from one place within an application to another or between applications.

clippers /ˈklɪpɚz/ n
deimheas
A tool for clipping something.

clipping /ˈklɪpɪŋ/ clippings n
bearradh
(countable, linguistics) A short form (of a longer word) created by removing syllables, often terminal ones.

clique /kliːk/ /ˈklɪk/ cliques n
aicme
A small, exclusive group of individuals, usually according to lifestyle or social status; a cabal.

cliquishness n
aicmíocht leithleachas
the state of being cliquish

clitoris /klɪˈtɔɹɪs/ /ˈklɪtəɹɪs/ clitorides clitorises n
brillín brille
(anatomy) A sensitive elongated erectile organ at the anterior part of the vulva in female humans and other mammals, homologous with the penis. [from 17th c.]

cloaca /kloʊˈeɪkə/ /kləʊˈeɪkə/ cloacae cloacas n
clóáca
(zoology) The duct in reptiles, amphibians and birds, as well as fish and some mammals, which serves as the common outlet for urination, defecation, and reproduction.

cloak /ˈkloʊk/ cloaks n
brat clóca
A long outer garment worn over the shoulders covering the back; a cape, often with a hood.

cloakroom /ˈkləʊkɹuːm/ /ˈkləʊkɹʊm/ cloakrooms n
seomra cótaí
(British, Irish, India) A room intended for holding luggage, as at an airport.

cloche /kloʊʃ/ /klɒʃ/ cloches n
clóis
A glass covering, originally bell-shaped, for garden plants to prevent frost damage and promote early growth.

clock /klɑk/ /klɒk/ /klɔk/ [kl̥ɒχ] clocks n
clog
(attributive) A common noun relating to an instrument that measures or keeps track of time.
(electronics) An electrical signal that synchronizes timing among digital circuits of semiconductor chips or modules.

clockwise /ˈklɒkwaɪz/ adv
deiseal
In a curve or twist corresponding to the movement of the hands of a clock.

clockwork /ˈklɑkwɝk/ /ˈklɒkwɜːk/ clockworks n
oibriú cloig
A mechanism powered by a coiled spring and regulated by some form of escapement; the power is transmitted through toothed gearwheels and used to drive a mechanical clock, toy, or other device.

clod /klɑd/ /klɒd/ clods n
daba
A stupid person; a dolt.

clodhopper /ˈklɑdˌhɑpɚ/ /ˈklɒdˌhɒpə/ clodhoppers n
cábóg
(UK) A clumsy or foolish person.

clog /klɑɡ/ /klɒɡ/ /klɔɡ/ clogs n
paitín
A type of shoe with an inflexible, often wooden sole sometimes with an open heel.

clog /klɑɡ/ /klɒɡ/ /klɔɡ/ v
bac calc tacht
To block or slow passage through (often with 'up).

close /kloʊs/ /kləʊs/ closer closest adj
dlúth
At a little distance; near.

close /kloʊz/ /kləʊz/ v
dún druid iaigh
(ambitransitive) To move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed.
(ergative, computing) To terminate an application, window, file or database connection, etc.
dún iaigh
(intransitive) To do the tasks (putting things away, locking doors, etc.) required to prepare a store or other establishment to shut down for the night.

close season /ˈkləʊz ˈsiːzən/ close seasons n
séasúr coiscthe
(hunting, fishing) The time of year when hunting or fishing is not permitted.

close to preposition
achomair
Near.

close, but no cigar /ˈkloʊs bʌt noʊ sɪˈɡɑɹ/ /ˈkləʊs bʌt nəʊ sɪˈɡɑː/ phraseologicalUnit
ní fearr Éire ná orlach
(idiomatic, originally, US, colloquial) Used to indicate that one is almost correct or has almost succeeded, but not quite. [from early 20th c.]

closed /kloʊzd/ /kləʊzd/ adj
druidte dúnta iata
Sealed, made inaccessible or impassable; not open.

closing time closing times n
am dúnta
(UK, Canada) The time when a public house or restaurant closes. Used to invite final drink orders.

closure /ˈkloʊ.ʒɚ/ /ˈkləʉ.ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈkləʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ closures n
iamh
(topology, of a set) The smallest closed set which contains the given set.

clot /klɒt/ clots n
teachtán
A thrombus, solidified mass of blood.
A solidified mass of any liquid.

cloth /kloʊθ/ /klɑθ/ /klɒθ/ /klɔːθ/ /klɔθ/ clothes cloths n
éadach
(countable, uncountable) A fabric, usually made of woven, knitted, or felted fibres or filaments, such as used in dressing, decorating, cleaning or other practical use.
(metaphoric) Appearance; seeming.
ceirt éadach
(countable) A piece of cloth used for a particular purpose.

clothes /kloʊ(ð)z/ /kləʊ(ð)z/ n
éadach
(plural only) Items of clothing; apparel.

clothes peg clothes pegs n
pionna éadaigh
(British, Australia, NZ, Canada) An object (usually made of wood or plastic) used to attach wet laundry to a clothesline so that it (the laundry) can dry.

clothesbasket clothesbaskets n
ciseán éadaigh
A basket for holding clothes to be laundered.

clotheshorse clotheshorses n
mainicín
(figurative) A person excessively concerned with the appearance of their clothing.

clothesline /ˈkloʊðzlaɪn/ /ˈkləʊðzlaɪn/ clotheslines n
líne éadaigh
A rope or cord tied up outdoors to hang clothes on so they can dry.

clothier /ˈkloʊðiə(ɹ)/ clothiers n
éadaitheoir
A person who makes or sells cloth or clothing.

clothing /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/ /ˈkləʊðɪŋ/ clothings n
éadach
An act or instance of putting clothes on.

cloud /klaʊd/ clouds n
scamall néal
A visible mass of water droplets suspended in the air.
scamall
Any mass of dust, steam or smoke resembling such a mass.
Anything which makes things foggy or gloomy.
A group or swarm, especially suspended above the ground or flying.
(computing, with "the") The Internet, regarded as an abstract amorphous omnipresent space for processing and storage, the focus of cloud computing.

cloud computing n
néalríomhaireacht
(informal, computing) Computing services provided over the Internet (or "cloud"), whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand.

cloud cover n
brat scamall
(meteorology) The percentage or fraction of the sky obscured by clouds.

cloud nine /ˈklaʊd ˈnaɪn/ n
scamall a naoi
(idiomatic) Often in the phrase on cloud nine: a state of bliss, elation or happiness.

cloudburst /ˈklaʊdˌbɜːst/ /ˈklaʊdˌbɝst/ cloudbursts n
maidhm bháistí
A sudden heavy rainstorm.

clouded /ˈklaʊdɪd/ more clouded most clouded adj
néaltach scamallach
Filled with clouds.

clouded leopard clouded leopards n
liopard marmarach
A medium-sized, arboreal cat (Neofelis nebulosa) found in Southeast Asia. It has a disproportionately long tail and canines, and a tawny coat with dark, irregular, oval markings.

cloudy /ˈklaʊdi/ /ˈklaʊːdɪ/ /ˈkɫaʊdi/ cloudier cloudiest adj
néaltach scamallach
Covered with or characterised by clouds; overcast.
modartha
Not transparent or clear.

clout /klaʊt/ /klʌʊt/ clouts n
cíonán
(regional, informal) A blow with the hand.
ceirt
(archaic) A cloth; a piece of cloth or leather; a patch; a rag.

clove /kloʊv/ /kləʊv/ cloves n
clóbh
(uncountable, countable) A very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove tree.
ionga
(horticulture, cooking) One of the small bulbs formed in the axils of the scales of a large bulb.

cloven hoof cloven hoofs cloven hooves n
crúb scoilte
A divided hoof, as on bovine animals.
The mark of the Devil.

clover /ˈkloʊ.vɚ/ /ˈkləʉ.və(ɹ)/ /ˈkləʊ.və(ɹ)/ clovers n
seamair
A plant of the genus Trifolium with leaves usually divided into three (rarely four) leaflets and with white or red flowers.

clown /klaʊn/ clowns n
áilteoir
A slapstick performance artist often associated with a circus and usually characterized by bright, oversized clothing, a red nose, face paint, and a brightly colored wig.
A person who acts in a silly fashion.

cloying /ˈklɔɪ.ɪŋ/ more cloying most cloying adj
rómhilis
Excessively sweet.

club /klʊb/ /klʌb/ clubs n
cumann
An association of members joining together for some common purpose, especially sports or recreation.
cleith smíste
A heavy object, often a kind of stick, intended for use as a bludgeoning weapon or a plaything.
club
An establishment that provides staged entertainment, often with food and drink, such as a nightclub.

club moss club mosses n
garbhógach
Any of various simple microphyllous vascular plants, of the family Lycopodiaceae, that resemble mosses and produce spores.

clueless /ˈkluː.ləs/ more clueless most clueless adj
aineolach
Lacking knowledge or understanding; uninformed; oblivious.

clump /klʌmp/ clumps n
tom
A thick group or bunch, especially of bushes or hair.
cíonán
A dull thud.

clumsiness /ˈklʌm.zi.nəs/ clumsinesses n
amscaíocht ciotrúntacht liopastacht
A lack of coordination or elegance; the condition or quality of being clumsy.

clumsy /ˈklʌmzi/ clumsier clumsiest adj
ciotach amscaí liobarnach tútach
Awkward, lacking coordination, not graceful, not dextrous.
amscaí ciotach tútach
Not elegant or well-planned, lacking tact or subtlety.

cluster /ˈklʌstə/ /ˈklʌstɚ/ clusters n
braisle
(astronomy) A group of galaxies, nebulae, or stars that appear to the naked eye to be near each other.
(music) A secundal chord of three or more notes.
A bunch or group of several discrete items that are close to each other.
A group of computers that work together.

cluster /ˈklʌstə/ /ˈklʌstɚ/ v
braisligh
To collect (animals, people, or objects) into clusters (noun sense 1).

cluster bomb cluster bombs n
cnuasbhuama
An explosive munition designed to explode in the air and release a cluster of smaller explosives, thus spreading the blast over a larger area.

clutch /klʌt͡ʃ/ clutches n
ál
A device to interrupt power transmission, commonly used to separate the engine and gearbox in a car. [from 19th c.]
crág
The pedal in a car that disengages power and torque transmission from the engine (through the drivetrain) to the drive wheels.

co- /kɒ/ /ˈkoʊ-/ /ˈkəʉ-/ /ˈkəʊ-/ /ˌkoʊ-/ /ˌkəʉ-/ /ˌkəʊ-/ prefix
comh-
Together: the root word is done co-incidently.

co-religionist /kəʊɹɪˈlɪdʒənɪst/ co-religionists n
comhchreidmheach
A fellow follower of one's religion.

coach /koʊt͡ʃ/ /kəʊtʃ/ [kʰoʊ̯t͡ʃ] [kʰəʊ̯tʃ] coaches n
cóiste
A wheeled vehicle, generally pulled by a horse.
carráiste
(rail, UK, Australia) A passenger car, either drawn by a locomotive or part of a multiple unit.
traenálaí cóitseálaí
(originally, Oxford University, _, slang) A trainer or instructor.
bus
(British, Australia) A long-distance, or privately hired, bus.

coagulant coagulants n
téachtach
A substance that causes coagulation

coagulate /koʊˈæɡ.jə.leɪt/ /kəʊˈæɡ.jʊ.leɪt/ v
téacht
(intransitive) To become congealed; to convert from a liquid to a semisolid mass.
(transitive) To cause to congeal.

coal /koʊl/ /kɐʉl/ /kəʊl/ [kʰoɫ] [kʰɒʊɫ] coals n
gual
(uncountable) A black or brownish black rock formed from prehistoric plant remains, composed largely of carbon and burned as a fuel.
aibhleog smeachóid sméaróid
(countable) A piece of coal used for burning (this use is less common in American English)
(military slang, WWI, _, –, _, WWII) Bombs emitting black smoke on impact.

coal black adj
gualda
Of an intensely black colour, like that of coal.

coal gas n
gás guail
(petrochemistry) The poisonous gas, used domestically for cooking etc and formerly for lighting, prepared by heating coal with steam (gasification); it is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide; sometimes synonymous with synthesis gas or town gas.

coal mine coal mines n
gualcha gualmhianach mianach guail
A mine from which coal ore or coal minerals are mined.

coal seam coal seams n
síog ghuail
(geology) A stratum of coal between strata of other rocks.

coal tar coal tars n
tarra guail
A black, viscous tar made by the destructive distillation of coal (to make coke and town gas); it contains a great number of compounds including hydrocarbons and phenols; used in the preparation of medicinal soap and shampoo, and industrially for the manufacture of many products.

coal tit coal tits n
meantán dubh
Periparus ater melanolophus, the similar black-crested tit.

coalfish coalfish coalfishes n
glasán liúdar mangach
Any of several blackish fish, especially Pollachius virens, a pollack, and Anoplopoma fimbria, sablefish.

coalition /koʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən/ /kəʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən/ coalitions n
comhghuaillíocht
A temporary group or union of organizations, usually formed for a particular advantage.

coalminer coalminers n
mianadóir guail
One who mines for coal.

coalmining n
mianadóireacht guail
The mining of coal.

coalsack coalsacks n
mála guail
A sack for carrying coal.

coarse /ko(ː)ɹs/ /koəs/ /koɹs/ /kɔːs/ [kʰo̞ɹs] coarser coarsest adj
borb
With a rough texture; not smooth.

coarseness coarsenesses n
boirbe
The quality or state of being coarse

coast /koʊst/ /kəʊst/ coasts n
cósta
The edge of the land where it meets an ocean, sea, gulf, bay, or large lake. [from 14th c.]

coast guard coast guards n
feighlí mara garda cósta vaidhtéir
The organisation or officer enforcing maritime law and policing the seas within territorial waters.

coaster /ˈkoʊstɚ/ /ˈkəʊstə/ /ˈkʌʊstə/ coasters n
mata
A small, flat or tray-like object on which a bottle, cup, glass, mug, etc., is placed to protect a table surface from drink spills, heat, or water condensation.

coat /koʊt/ /kəʊt/ coats n
cóta casóg
(countable) An outer garment covering the upper torso and arms.Wp
brat cóta
(countable) A covering of material, such as paint.Wp
clúmh
(countable) The fur or feathers covering an animal's skin.Wp

coat of arms coats of arms n
armas
(heraldry) Hereditary designs and symbols depicted on an escutcheon, sometimes accompanied by other elements of a heraldic achievement, such as a helm, crest, crest coronet, torse, mantling and supporters; described by a blazon.

coat rack coat racks n
crochadán seastán cótaí
A rack or stand with hooks or pegs for holding hats and coats, often placed near an entrance for temporary use

coated /ˈkoʊtɪd/ /ˈkəʊtɪd/ [ˈkʰoʊ̯ɾɨd] adj
clúmhach
Covered with a thin layer.

coattail coattails n
triopall casóige
The flap at the back of a coat that hangs down, sometimes below the waist.

coaxial /koʊ.ˈæk.sɪi.əl/ /kəʊ.ˈæk.sɪi.əl/ adj
comhaiseach
(geometry) Having a common central axis

cob /kɑb/ /kɒb/ cobs n
gearrchapall leathchapall
A horse having a stout body and short legs.

cobalt /ˈkoʊ.bɑlt/ /ˈkoʊ.bɔlt/ /ˈkəʊ.bɒlt/ /ˈkəʊ.bɔːlt/ cobalts n
cóbalt
A chemical element (symbol Co) with an atomic number of 27: a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal.

cobalt blue cobalt blues n
gorm cóbailt gorm cóbaltach
A deep blue pigment derived from cobalt; zaffre.

cobbler /ˈkɑblɚ/ /ˈkɑbəlɚ/ /ˈkɒblə/ /ˈkɒbələ/ cobblers n
gréasaí
A person who repairs, and sometimes makes, shoes.
Pangas catfish (Pangasius pangasius), an edible species of shark catfish native to Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, and Pakistan.

cobblestone /ˈkɑbl̩ˌstoʊn/ /ˈkɒbl̩ˌstəʊn/ cobblestones n
doirneog
(countable) A rounded stone from a river bed, fit for use as ballast in ships and for paving roads.

cobra /ˈkoʊbɹə/ /ˈkɒbɹə/ /ˈkəʊbɹə/ cobras n
cobra
Any of various venomous snakes of the family Elapidae.

coca /ˈkoʊkə/ /ˈkəʊkə/ cocas n
cóca
The dried leaf of one of these plants, the South American shrub (Erythroxylum coca), widely cultivated in Andean countries, which is the source of cocaine and used as aphrodisiac in the past.

cocaine /koʊˈkeɪn/ /kə(ʊ)ˈkeɪn/ /ˈkoʊˌkeɪn/ cocaines n
cócaon
(uncountable, organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) An addictive drug derived from coca (Erythroxylum) or prepared synthetically, used sometimes medicinally as a local anesthetic and, often illegally, as a stimulant.

cochineal /ˈkɑt͡ʃəˌni(ə)l/ /ˌkɑt͡ʃɪˈni(ə)l/ /ˌkɒt͡ʃɪˈniːl/ cochineals n
carnaid
(countable) A scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus, native to the tropical and subtropical Americas, which lives on prickly pear cacti (genus Opuntia).

cock /kɑk/ /kɒk/ cocks n
coileach
A rooster: a male gallinaceous bird, especially a male domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus).
maig
The state of being cocked; an upward turn, tilt or angle.

cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɑkəˌdudəlˈdu/ /ˌkɒkəˌduːdəlˈduː/ interjection
coc-a-dúdal-dú
The cry of a rooster.

cock-and-bull story cock-and-bull stories n
scéal i mbarr bata
(idiomatic) A far-fetched and fanciful story or tale of highly dubious validity.

cockade /kɑˈkeɪd/ /kɒkˈeɪd/ cockades n
cnota
A rosette or knot of ribbon worn in a hat, especially as an office or party badge.

cockatoo cockatoos n
cocatú
A bird of the family Cacatuidae with a curved beak and a zygodactyl foot. [from 1610s]

cocker spaniel cocker spaniels n
spáinnéar feá
Either of two breeds of dog, the American cocker spaniel and the English cocker spaniel.

cockle /ˈkɒkl̩/ cockles n
gruán ruacan sruán
Any of various edible European bivalve mollusks, of the family Cardiidae, having heart-shaped shells.
cogal
Any of several field weeds, such as the common corncockle (Agrostemma githago) and darnel ryegrass (Lolium temulentum).
báisín sliogán ruacain
(in the plural) One’s innermost feelings (only in the expression “the cockles of one’s heart”).

cockroach /ˈkɑkəɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ˈkɑkɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ˈkɒkɹəʊt͡ʃ/ cockroaches n
blatóg
A black or brown straight-winged insect of the order Blattodea.

cockscomb cockscombs n
círín coiligh
The fleshy red crest of a rooster

cocksureness cocksurenesses n
diongbháilteacht
the state or condition of being cocksure

cocky /ˈkɑki/ /ˈkɒki/ /ˈkɔki/ cockier cockiest adj
diongbháilte sotalach
Overly confident; arrogant and boastful.

cocoa /ˈkoʊ.koʊ/ /ˈkəʊ.kəʊ/ cocoas n
cócó
(uncountable) A hot drink made with milk, cocoa powder, and sugar.

coconut palm coconut palms n
crann cnó cócó pailm cnó cócó
The tropical palm tree Cocos nucifera, having feathery leaves and bearing coconuts.

cocoon /kəˈkuːn/ cocoons n
cocún
Any similar protective case, whether real or metaphorical.

cod /kɑd/ /kɒd/ cod cods n
trosc bod donn bod rua
Sea fish of the genus Gadus generally, inclusive of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac or Gadus macrocephalus ogac).
The meat of any of the above fish.

cod liver oil cod liver oils n
ola ae troisc
Oil derived from the liver of codfish, often used as a nutritional supplement due to its high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, and very high levels of vitamin A and vitamin D.

code-switching n
códmhalartú
(linguistics) The phenomenon or practice of alternating between two or more languages or language varieties.

coefficient /ˌkoʊ.əˈfɪʃənt/ /ˌkoʊ.ɪˈfɪʃənt/ [ˌkəʊ.iˈfɪʃn̩t] [ˌkəʊ.ɪˈfɪʃn̩t] coefficients n
comhéifeacht
(mathematics) A constant by which an algebraic term is multiplied.

coelom /ˈsiːləm/ coeloms n
céalóm
(zoology) A fluid-filled cavity within the body of an animal. The digestive system is suspended within the cavity, which is lined by a tissue called the peritoneum.

coelomate adj
céalómach
(zoology) Having a coelom.

coenzyme coenzymes n
comheinsím
(biochemistry) Any small molecule that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme.

coeval /koʊˈi.vəl/ /kəʊˈiːvəl/ adj
comhaosta
Of the same age; contemporary.

coffee /ˈkɑ.fi/ /ˈkɒ.fi/ /ˈkɒf.i/ /ˈkɔ.fi/ /ˈkɔə.fi/ /ˈkɔː.fɪ/ coffees n
caife
(uncountable) A beverage made by infusing the beans of the coffee plant in hot water.
(countable) A serving of this beverage.
A tropical plant of the genus Coffea.
A pale brown color, like that of milk coffee.

coffee bean coffee beans n
pónaire chaife síol caife
The seed of a tropical plant of the genus Coffea. Prepared by drying, roasting and grinding for making the beverage coffee.

coffee break coffee breaks n
briseadh caife sos caife
A rest period during the business day (usually of about 10 or 15 minutes). So named because it is an opportunity to get coffee.

coffee cake coffee cakes n
cáca caife císte caife

coffee cup coffee cups n
caifechupán cupán caife
A cup, typically a small one, in which coffee can be served.

coffee grinder coffee grinders n
meilteoir caife
A device for pulverizing or powdering coffee beans so they can be brewed as coffee. (Technically many of the machines tear the coffee beans).

coffee morning coffee mornings n
maidin chaife
(British) A social gathering where people talk over coffee and cakes, usually to raise money for a charity.

coffee pot coffee pots n
pota caife
A pot in which coffee is brewed or from which it is served.

coffee table coffee tables n
bord íseal tábla caife
(furniture) A long, low table, often placed before seating in a living room, on which drinks may be served, and magazines, etc. placed.

coffee table book /ˈkɒfi ˌteɪbəl ˈbʊk/ /ˈkɔfi ˌteɪbəl ˈbʊk/ coffee table books n
leabhar bord íseal leabhar tábla caife
A large book, usually with lavish illustrations, typically displayed on a coffee table.

coffeemaker coffeemakers n
gléas caife meaisín caife
Any of several different types of kitchen apparatus used to brew and filter coffee.

coffin /ˈkɑfɪn/ /ˈkɒfɪn/ /ˈkɔfɪn/ coffins n
cónra
A closed box in which the body of a dead person is placed for burial.

cofounder /kəʊˈfaʊndə/ /ˈkoʊ(ˌ)faʊndɚ/ /ˌkoʊˈfaʊndɚ/ cofounders n
comhbhunaitheoir
A joint founder; one of several people involved with the creation of a business, organization, union, or entity.

cognomen /kɒɡˈnoʊ.mən/ cognomens cognomina n
forainm
(historical) A personal epithet or clan name added to the given name and family name of Ancient Romans.

cohabitation /koʊhæbɪˈteɪʃən/ cohabitations n
céileachas lánúnas
An emotional and physical intimate relationship which includes a common living place and which exists without legal or religious sanction.
aontíos céileachas gnás
The act of living together.
(biology) The act of two species living together in the same habitat.

coif /kwɑf/ /kɔɪf/ coifs n
beannán caidhp
(historical) A hood; a close-fitting cap covering much of the head, widespread until the 18th century; after that worn only by small children and country women.

coin /kwaɪn/ /kɔɪn/ coins n
bonn
(money) A piece of currency, usually metallic and in the shape of a disc, but sometimes polygonal, or with a hole in the middle.

coin /kwaɪn/ /kɔɪn/ v
cum
(by extension) To make or fabricate (especially a word or phrase).

col /kɒl/ cols n
col
(geography) A dip on a mountain ridge between two peaks.

colander /ˈkɑləndɚ/ /ˈkɒlɪndə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɔləndɚ/ colanders n
síothlán
A bowl-shaped kitchen utensil with holes in it used for draining food that has been cooking in water, such as pasta.

cold /kaʉld/ /koʊld/ /kəʊld/ [kʰɒʊ(ɫ)d] [kʰɔʊ(ɫ)d] colder coldest adj
fuar dearóil
(of a thing) Having a low temperature.
fuar
(of the weather) Causing the air to be cold.
Unfriendly; emotionally distant or unfeeling.

cold /kaʉld/ /koʊld/ /kəʊld/ [kʰɒʊ(ɫ)d] [kʰɔʊ(ɫ)d] colds n
fuacht fuar
(uncountable) A condition of low temperature.
slaghdán
(countable, pathology) A common, usually harmless, usually viral illness, usually with congestion of the nasal passages and sometimes fever.

cold comfort cold comforts n
brachán ó aréir
(idiomatic) Much less reassurance, consolation, aid, or pleasure than one needs or desires.

cold front cold fronts n
fronta fuar
(meteorology) The leading edge of an advancing mass of cold air.

cold snap cold snaps n
tréimhse fhuar

cold sweat cold sweats n
fuarallas
Perspiration which feels chilly to the person perspiring, and which indicates debilitating illness, shock, or the experiencing of an intense emotion such as despair, anxiety, or, especially, fear.

cold turkey n
tobstaonadh
Sudden and complete withdrawal from a dependent substance, especially a drug.
The physiological effects of such a withdrawal.

cold war /ˌkəʊld ˈwɔː/ n
cogadh fuar
A period of hostile relations between rivals where direct open warfare between them is largely undesired and avoided. [from 1945]

cold-blooded /ˈkoʊldˈblʌd.ɪd/ colder-blooded coldest-blooded more cold-blooded most cold-blooded adj
danartha
(figuratively) Lacking emotion or compunction.

coldness /ˈkoʊldnəs/ /ˈkəʊldnəs/ coldnesses n
fuacht
The relative lack of heat.

colic /ˈkɒl.ɪk/ colics n
coiliceam aileacó treighid
(pathology) Severe pains that grip the abdomen or the disease that causes such pains (due to intestinal or bowel-related problems).

collar /ˈkɑ.lɚ/ /ˈkɒl.ə/ collars n
bóna cába
The part of an upper garment (shirt, jacket, etc.) that fits around the neck and throat, especially if sewn from a separate piece of fabric.
coiléar
A band or chain around an animal's neck, used to restrain and/or identify it.
(rail transport) A physical lockout device to prevent operation of a mechanical signal lever.

collared dove collared doves n
fearán baicdhubh
A bird of the species Streptopelia decaocto.

collate /kɒˈleɪt/ /ˈkoʊ.leɪt/ v
comhthiomsaigh cuir i dtoll a chéile tabhair le chéile
(transitive) To assemble something in a logical sequence.
cuir in ord
(transitive) To sort multiple copies of printed documents into sequences of individual page order, one sequence for each copy, especially before binding.
ceap
(transitive, Christianity) To admit a cleric to a benefice; to present and institute in a benefice, when the person presenting is both the patron and the ordinary; followed by to.

collation /kəˈleɪʃən/ collations n
colláid scroid
Discussion, light meal.

colleague /kɔˈliːɡ/ /kəˈliːɡ/ /ˈkɑliɡ/ /ˈkɒliːɡ/ colleagues n
comhghleacaí
A fellow member of a profession, staff, academic faculty or other organization; an associate.

collect /kəˈlɛkt/ v
bailigh cnuasaigh cruinnigh tiomsaigh
(transitive) To gather together; amass.

collection /kəˈlɛkʃən/ collections n
tiomsú
The activity of collecting.
bailiúchán
(set theory, topology, analysis) A set of sets; used because such a thing is in general too large to comply with the formal definition of a set.
A gathering of money for charitable or other purposes, as by passing a contribution box for donations.
The quality of being collected; calm composure.

collective /kəˈlɛktɪv/ adj
tiomsaitheach

collective security n
slándáil chomhchoiteann
The concept of maintaining peace among all nations or members of a group by making the security concerns of one member important to all members.

collectivism collectivisms n
aonseilbh
An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are owned and controlled by the people collectively

collector /kəˈlɛktə(ɹ)/ /kəˈlɛktɚ/ collectors n
bailitheoir cruinnitheoir tiomsaitheoir
A person who or thing that collects, or which creates or manages a collection.

college /ˈkɑlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɒlɪd͡ʒ/ colleges n
coláiste

collegian collegians n
coláisteánach
A student (or a former student) of a college

collegiate /kəˈliːd͡ʒi.ət/ /kəˈliːd͡ʒət/ more collegiate most collegiate adj
coláisteach
Of, or relating to a college, or college students.

collier /ˈkɑliɚ/ /ˈkɒlɪə(ɹ)/ colliers n
gualadóir mianadóir guail
A person in the business or occupation of producing (digging or mining) coal or making charcoal or in its transporting or commerce.
bád guail pota guail soitheach guail
(nautical) A vessel carrying a bulk cargo of coal.
(nautical) A sailor on such a vessel.

colliery /ˈkɑl.jɚ.ɪ/ /ˈkɒl.jə.ɹi/ collieries n
gualcha mianach guail
(British) An underground coal mine, together with its surface buildings.

colloid /ˈkɒlɔɪd/ colloids n
collóideach
(physical chemistry) A stable system of two phases, one of which is dispersed in the other in the form of very small droplets or particles.

colloidal more colloidal most colloidal adj
collóideach
(physical chemistry) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of a colloid.

colluvium colluvia colluviums n
snaíochar
(geology) A loose accumulation of rock and soil debris at the foot of a slope

colobus colobuses n
moncaí colabach
(zoology) Any of several large arboreal African monkeys of the genus Colobus.

colon /ˈkoʊ.lən/ /ˈkɔ.lən/ /ˈkəʊ.lɒn/ /ˈkəʊ.lən/ [ˈkʰɔ.ɫn̩] cola coli colons n
idirstad
The punctuation mark ⟨:⟩.
drólann
(anatomy) Part of the large intestine; the final segment of the digestive system, after (distal to) the ileum and before (proximal to) the rectum. (Because the colon is the largest part of the large intestine (constituting most of it), it is often treated as synonymous therewith in broad or casual usage.)

colonialism /kəˈloʊ.ni.ə.lɪ.zəm/ /kəˈloʊ.njə.lɪ.zəm/ /kəˈləʊ.ni.ə.lɪ.zəm/ /kəˈləʊ.njə.lɪ.zəm/ colonialisms n
coilíneachas
The policy of a country seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of economic dominance.

colonnade /ˌkɒləˈneɪd/ colonnades n
colúnra
A series of columns at regular intervals.

color /ˈkʌl.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈkʌl.ɚ/ colors n
dath
(uncountable) The spectral composition of visible light.
(finance, uncountable) A third-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change of gamma with respect to time, or equivalently the rate of change of charm with respect to changes in the underlying asset price.

color /ˈkʌl.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈkʌl.ɚ/ v
dathaigh
(transitive) To give something color.

colorectal adj
colaireicteach
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the colorectum

colorful /ˈkʌləfəl/ /ˈkʌlɚfəl/ more colorful most colorful adj
dathannach ildaite
Possessing prominent and varied colors.

coloring colorings n
clódóireacht
An act or process which applies color.

colossal /kəˈlɒsəl/ more colossal most colossal adj
ábhalmhór
Extremely large or on a great scale.

colostrum /kəˈlɒstɹəm/ colostra n
gruth buí
(medicine) A form of milk produced by the mammary glands in late pregnancy and the few days after giving birth. Human and bovine colostrum is thick and yellowish. In humans, it has high concentrations of nutrients and antibodies, but it is small in quantity.

colour sergeant colour sergeants n
bratsáirsint
(British) A non-commissioned officer in some infantry regiments of the British army, equivalent in rank to a staff sergeant in most other armies. A colour sergeant ranks above a sergeant and below a warrant officer.

colt /koʊlt/ /kɒlt/ /kəʊlt/ [kɔʊlt] colts n
bromach
A young male horse.

coltsfoot coltsfeet coltsfoots n
adhann gallán greanchair sponc sponclus
An herbaceous plant, species Tussilago farfara, that grows in Europe and the Middle East; yellow coltsfoot.

colubrine /ˈkɒljəˌbɹaɪn/ more colubrine most colubrine adj
nathartha
Snakelike.

columbarium columbaria columbariums n
colmlann
(historical) A large, sometimes architecturally impressive building for housing a large colony of pigeons or doves, particularly those of ancien regime France.

columbine /ˈkɒləmbaɪn/ columbines n
colaimbín
Any plant of the genus Aquilegia, having distinctive bell-shaped flowers with spurs on each petal.

column /ˈkɑljəm/ /ˈkɑləm/ /ˈkɒləm/ columns n
colún
(architecture) A solid upright structure designed usually to support a larger structure above it, such as a roof or horizontal beam, but sometimes for decoration.
colún colún páipéir
A unit of width, especially of advertisements, in a periodical, equivalent to the width of a usual column of text.
Something having similar vertical form or structure to the things mentioned above, such as a spinal column.

columnist /ˈkɑ.lə.mɪst/ /ˈkɑ.ləm.nɪst/ /ˈkɒ.lə.mɪst/ /ˈkɒ.ləm.nɪst/ columnists n
colúnaí
A regular writer of a column, such as in a magazine or newspaper

comb /koʊm/ /kəʊm/ combs n
cíor
A toothed implement for grooming the hair or (formerly) for keeping it in place.
curca
A fleshy growth on the top of the head of some birds and reptiles; crest.

combative /kɒmˈbæ.tɪv/ /kəmˈbæ.tɪv/ /ˈkɑm.bə.tɪv/ /ˈkɒm.bə.tɪv/ more combative most combative adj
trodach
Given to fighting; disposed to engage in combat; pugnacious.

combination /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃən/ /kɒmbɪˈneɪʃən/ combinations n
comhcheangal
The act of combining, the state of being combined or the result of combining.
cód teaglama
A sequence of numbers or letters used to open a combination lock.
comhcheangal teaglaim
(mathematics) One or more elements selected from a set without regard to the order of selection.
gluaisrothar le carr cliathánach
A motorcycle and sidecar.
comhghníomhú
A rapid sequence of punches or strikes in boxing or other combat sports.

come /kʌm/ [km] [km̩] [kəm] [kʰɐm] [kʰʌm] v
tar
(intransitive) To move from further away to nearer to.
(intransitive) To appear; to manifest itself; to cause a reaction by manifesting.

come across v
tar ar
(idiomatic, transitive) To find, usually by accident.

come back v
fill tar ar ais
(intransitive) To return to a former state, usually a desirable one; to become fashionable once more.

come down v
ísligh
(intransitive) To descend, fall down, collapse.
(intransitive) To reach or release a decision.

come full circle v
an cúrsa ar fad a thabhairt
(idiomatic) To complete a cycle of transition, returning to where one started after gaining experience or exploring other things.

come into force v
tar i bhfeidhm
(of a law, regulation, etc.) To become valid or active, to inure.

come of age v
aosaigh
(idiomatic) To reach a specific age where one is legally considered to be an adult.

come out of the closet v
tar amach
(intransitive, idiomatic) To tell others about one's homosexuality, bisexuality, transness, or any minority or disapproved-of identity, belief, preference, etc., where previously this had been kept secret.

come to /kʌm ˈtu/ /ˈkʌm tu/ v
sroich
(transitive) To befall; to happen to; to come upon.

come together /tə-/ /ˈkʌm tʊˈɡɛðə(ɹ)/ /ˈkʌm tʊˈɡɛðɚ/ v
tiomsaigh
(intransitive) To assemble; to congregate; to combine.

come upon v
tar ar
To befall; to affect; to happen to.

comedian /kəˈmiːdi.ən/ comedians n
aisteoir coiméide
An entertainer who performs in a humorous manner, especially by telling jokes.

comedy /ˈkɑmədi/ /ˈkɒmədi/ comedies n
coiméide
(countable) a light, amusing play with a happy ending
(countable, drama) a dramatic work that is light and humorous or satirical in tone
(drama) the genre of such works

comely /ˈkʌmli/ comelier comeliest more comely most comely adj
cuanna cumaí cumtha córach daite dathúil
Of a person: attractive or pleasing to look at; beautiful, handsome; also, attractive but not particularly beautiful or handsome.

comet /ˈkɒmət/ comets n
cóiméad
A celestial phenomenon with the appearance of such a body.

comfort /kʌmˈfɔɹt/ /ˈkʊm.fət/ /ˈkʌm.fət/ /ˈkʌm.fɚt/ [ˈkʰʌɱ.fɚt] comforts n
compord só
Contentment, ease.
sólás
A consolation; something relieving suffering or worry.

comfortable /ˈkɐmf.tə.bəl/ /ˈkʌm.fə.tə.bəl/ /ˈkʌm.fəɹ.tə.bəl/ /ˈkʌmf.tə.bəl/ /ˈkʌmf.təɹ.bəl/ /ˈkʌmpf.təbəl/ [ˈkʰɐɱf.tɘ.bɫ̩] comfortabler comfortablest more comfortable most comfortable adj
compordach
Providing physical comfort and ease; agreeable. [from 18th c.]

comfrey /ˈkʌm.fɹi/ comfreys n
lus na gcnámh briste meacan compair
Any of several species of perennial herbs of the genus Symphytum, often specifically Symphytum officinale.

comic /ˈkɑmɪk/ /ˈkɒmɪk/ more comic most comic adj
greannmhar
Using the techniques of comedy, as a composition, performer etc; amusing, entertaining. [from 16th c.]

comic /ˈkɑmɪk/ /ˈkɒmɪk/ comics n
greannán
A story composed of drawn images arranged in a sequence, usually with textual captions; a graphic novel.

comical /ˈkɑmɪkəl/ /ˈkɒmɪkəl/ more comical most comical adj
barrúil
Laughable; ridiculous.

comma /ˈkɑ.mə/ /ˈkɒ.mə/ /ˈkɒm.ə/ /ˈkɔm.ə/ commaes commas commata n
camóg
(typography) The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set of parts of a sentence or between elements of a list.

command /kəˈmænd/ /kəˈmɑːnd/ commands n
tiomnú
An order to do something.

commander /kəˈmandə/ /kəˈmændɚ/ /kəˈmɑːndə/ commanders n
ceannasaí
One who exercises control and direction of a military or naval organization.
A naval officer whose rank is above that of a lieutenant commander and below that of captain.

commander in chief commanders in chief n
ardcheannasaí
Supreme commander of the armed forces of an entire country.

commanding officer commanding officers n
oifigeach ceannais
The officer in command of, and typically having ultimate authority over, a military unit.

commemoration commemorations n
cuimhneachán
The act of commemorating; an observance or celebration to honor the memory of some person or event.

commendation /ˌkɑmənˈdeɪʃən/ /ˌkɒmənˈdeɪʃən/ commendations n
ardmholadh
The act of commending; praise; favorable representation in words; recommendation.

commensurate /kəˈmɛnsəɹət/ /kəˈmɛnʃəɹət/ more commensurate most commensurate adj
ar cóimhéid de réir
Of a proportionate or similar measurable standard.

commerce /kəˈmɜːs/ /kəˈmɝs/ /ˈkɑ.mɚs/ /ˈkɒm.əs/ commerces n
tráchtáil
(business) The exchange or buying and selling of commodities; especially the exchange of merchandise, on a large scale, between different places or communities; extended trade or traffic.

commission /kəˈmɪʃən/ commissions n
coimisiún
An official charge or authority to do something, often used of military officers.
A body or group of people, officially tasked with carrying out a particular function.
A fee charged by an agent or broker for carrying out a transaction.

commissioned officer commissioned officers n
oifigeach coimisiúnta
(military) An officer who derives authority directly from a sovereign power and, as such, holds a commission charging them with the duties and responsibilities of a specific office or position.

commit adultery v
déan adhaltranas
(This entry is a translation hub.)

commit suicide v
giorrú leat féin lámh a chur i do bhás féin
To kill oneself; to take one's own life. (This entry is a translation hub.)

committee [kɑmɪˈtiː] [kɒmɪˈtiː] [kəˈmɪt.i] committees n
coiste
A body of one or more persons convened for the accomplishment of some specific purpose, typically with formal protocols.

commodity /kəˈmɑdəti/ /kəˈmɒdəti/ commodities n
earra
(business) Anything movable (a good) that is bought and sold. [from 15th c.]

common /ˈkɑ.mən/ /ˈkɑ.mɪn/ /ˈkɒm.ən/ /ˈkɒm.ʌn/ commoner commonest more common most common adj
coiteann
Mutual; shared by more than one.
Simple, ordinary or vulgar.
coitianta
Occurring or happening regularly or frequently; usual.

common /ˈkɑ.mən/ /ˈkɑ.mɪn/ /ˈkɒm.ən/ /ˈkɒm.ʌn/ commons n
coimín
A tract of land in common ownership; common land.

common buzzard common buzzards n
clamhán
A bird of prey species, Buteo buteo.

common crane common cranes n
grús coiteann
Grus grus, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family

common difference common differences n
comhbhreis
(mathematics) The constant added to each element of an arithmetic progression to obtain the next.

common gull /ˈkɑːmən ˌɡʌl/ /ˈkɒmən ˌɡʌl/ common gulls n
faoileán
A medium-sized gull, Larus canus.

common house martin common house martins n
gabhlán binne
A migratory bird of the species Delichon urbicum, breeding in Europe, North Africa and temperate Asia.

common land common lands n
talamh coiteann
(British, Irish) an area of land in the United Kingdom or Ireland that is open to the public at all times and until the 18th century would have been land that was free for anybody to graze their animals on (often shortened to common).

common lavender common lavenders n
lus liath
A lavender plant of the species Lavandula angustifolia.

common ling common lings n
langa
A fish of the species Molva molva, of eastern Atlantic waters, especially the North Sea.

common noun common nouns n
ainmfhocal coitianta
A noun that denotes any member, or all members, of a class; an ordinary noun such as "dog" or "city". In contrast, a proper noun is a single named entity such as "Socrates".

common octopus common octopi common octopuses n
ochtapas coiteann

common purslane common purslanes n
nuaireacht
Portulaca oleracea, an annual succulent.

common quail common quails n
gearg
Coturnix coturnix, a bird in pheasant family.

common raven common ravens n
fiach dubh
A large all-black passerine bird in the crow family, Corvus corax.

common redstart common redstarts n
earrdheargán coiteann
A small passerine bird (Phoenicurus phoenicurus).

common rosefinch common rosefinches n
rósghlasán scarlóideach
Carpodacus erythrinus, a small passerine bird.

common sedge common sedges n
cíb dhubh
A sedge species, Carex nigra (in Carex subg. Carex).

common snipe common snipe common snipes n
naosach
A bird of the species Gallinago gallinago.

common sorrel n
samhadh
Rumex acetosa, a taxonomic species within the family Polygonaceae, garden sorrel, native in much of Europe.

common whitefish common whitefish n
iasc geal Eorpach
A freshwater fish of salmon family, Coregonus lavaretus.

common whitethroat common whitethroats n
gilphíb choiteann
Sylvia communis, an Old World warbler, now sometimes Mezophilus communis or Curruca communis.

commonwealth /ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ/ /ˈkɒmənˌwelθ/ /ˈkɒmənˌwɛlθ/ /ˈkɔmənˌwɛlθ/ commonwealths n
comhlathas
(obsolete) The well-being of a community.
The entirety of a (secular) society, a polity, a state.

commotion /kəˈmoʊ.ʃən/ /kəˈməʊ.ʃən/ commotions n
anfais clampar
An agitated disturbance or a hubbub.

communal /kəˈmju.nəl/ /kəˈmjuː.nəl/ /kəˈmjʉː.nəl/ /ˈkɒm.jə.nəl/ /ˈkɔm.jə.nəl/ more communal most communal adj
pobail pobalda
Pertaining to a community.
comhchoiteann pobail páirteach
shared by a community; public.

communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ v
Comaoineach a ghlacadh iompair
(transitive) To impart or transmit (information or knowledge) to someone; to make known, to tell. [from 16th c.]
Comaoineach a ghlacadh
(intransitive, Christianity) To receive the bread and wine at a celebration of the Eucharist; to take part in Holy Communion. [from 16th c.]
(transitive, obsolete) To share (in); to have in common, to partake of. [16th–19th c.]

communion wafer communion wafers n
abhlann
(Christianity) The sacramental bread used in the Eucharist; the host.

communism [ˈkɑ.mju.nɪ.zm̩] [ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪ.zm̩] [ˈkɒm.ju.nɪ.zm̩] [ˈkɔm.jə.nɪ.zm̩] communisms n
cumannachas
Any far-left political ideology or philosophy advocating holding the production of resources collectively, especially by seizing it through revolution.
The international socialist society where classes, money, and the state no longer exist.

communist /komˈmju.nɪst/ /ˈkɑ.mju.nɪst/ /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/ /ˈkɒm.jʊ.nɪst/ more communist most communist adj
cumannach
Of, relating to, supporting, or advocating communism.

communist /komˈmju.nɪst/ /ˈkɑ.mju.nɪst/ /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/ /ˈkɒm.jʊ.nɪst/ communists n
cumannach
An advocate of a society based on the common ownership of property; a proponent of communism.

community /k(ə)ˈmju.nə.ti/ /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.ti/ [k(ə)ˈmju.nə.ɾi] communities n
cumann
(countable) A group sharing common characteristics, such as the same language, law, religion, or tradition.
(countable, ecology) A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other.

compact /kəmˈpækt/ /ˈkɑmˌpækt/ /ˈkɒmˌpækt/ compacter compactest more compact most compact adj
dlúth
Closely packed, i.e. packing much in a small space.

compact /kəmˈpækt/ /ˈkɑmˌpækt/ /ˈkɒmˌpækt/ compacts n
acht
An agreement or contract.

compact /kəmˈpækt/ /ˈkɑmˌpækt/ /ˈkɒmˌpækt/ v
comhdhlúthaigh dlúthaigh
(transitive) To make more dense; to compress.

compact disc compact discs n
ceirnín dlúth dlúthcheirnín dlúthdhiosca
A kind of plastic optical disc used to store audio or digital data, read by a laser in a drive.

companion /kəmˈpænjən/ companions n
caidreamhach
A friend, acquaintance, or partner; someone with whom one spends time or accompanies

companionable more companionable most companionable adj
cuideachtúil
Having the characteristics of a worthy companion; friendly and sociable.

companionship /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/ companionships n
coimhdeacht compánachas compántas cumann
The state of having or being a companion.

company /ˈkʌmp(ə)ni/ /ˈkʌmpəni/ companies n
comhlacht
A group of individuals who work together for a common purpose.
(legal) An entity having legal personality, and thus able to own property and to sue and be sued in its own name; a corporation.
cumann
(uncountable) Companionship.

comparative /kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪv/ /kəmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/ more comparative most comparative adj
comparáideach
Of or relating to comparison.
Using comparison as a method of study, or founded on something using it.

comparative /kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪv/ /kəmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/ comparatives n
breischéim
(grammar) A construction showing a relative quality, in English usually formed by adding more or appending -er. For example, the comparative of green is greener; of evil, more evil.

comparative advantage comparative advantages n
buntáiste comparáideach
(economics) The ability to produce a particular good at a lower relative opportunity cost than another producer.

comparative anatomy n
anatamaíocht chomparáideach
the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of organisms

comparative linguistics n
teangeolaíocht chomparáideach
(linguistics) A branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages in order to establish their historical relatedness.

comparison /kəmˈpæɹɪsən/ /kəmˈpɛɹɪsən/ comparisons n
comórtas
comparáid
An evaluation of the similarities and differences of one or more things relative to some other or each other.
(grammar) A feature in the morphology or syntax of some languages whereby adjectives and adverbs are inflected to indicate the relative degree of the property they define exhibited by the word or phrase they modify or describe.

compartment /kəmˈpɑɹtmənt/ /kəmˈpɑːtmənt/ compartments n
urrann
One of the parts into which an area is subdivided.

compass /ˈkʌmpəs/ compasses n
compás
A magnetic or electronic device used to determine the cardinal directions (usually magnetic or true north).

compass card compass cards n
cairt chompáis
(nautical) The circular card attached to the needles of a mariner's compass, on which are marked the thirty-two points or rhumbs.

compass point compass points n
aird an chompáis rinn rinn compáis
Any of the horizontal directions indicated on a compass. There may be 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or even 128 compass points on a compass, depending on its size and accuracy.

compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/ compassions n
trua taise
Deep awareness of the suffering of another, coupled with the wish to relieve it.

competition /ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃən/ /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃən/ competitions n
coimhlint iomaidh
(uncountable) The action of competing.
comórtas iomaidh
(countable) A contest for a prize or award.

competitor /kəm.ˈpɛt.ɪ.təɹ/ competitors n
iomaitheoir
A participant in a competition, especially in athletics.

compilation /kɑmpɪˈleɪʃən/ /kɒmpɪˈleɪʃən/ compilations n
tiomsú
(uncountable) The act or process of compiling or gathering together from various sources.
(countable, uncountable, computing) Translation of source code into object code by a compiler.

compile /kəmˈpaɪl/ /kəmˈpɑɪl/ v
tiomsaigh
(transitive, snooker) To achieve (a break) by making a sequence of shots.
(transitive, programming) To use a compiler to process source code and produce executable code.

compiler /kəmˈpaɪlə/ /kəmˈpaɪlɚ/ compilers n
teaglamaí tiomsaitheoir
One who compiles.
(compilation) A computer program which transforms source code into object code.

complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ v
bí ag clamhsán déan clamhsán éagaoin
(intransitive) To express feelings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment.
bí ag clamhsán déan clamhsán
(intransitive) To make a formal accusation or bring a formal charge.

complainant /kəmˈpleɪnənt/ complainants n
gearánach gearánaí éilitheoir
(legal) The party that brings a civil lawsuit against another; the plaintiff.

complaint /kəmˈpleɪnt/ complaints n
acaoineadh
casaoid clamhsán gearán
(legal) In a civil action, the first pleading of the plaintiff setting out the facts on which the claim is based;The purpose is to give notice to the adversary of the nature and basis of the claim asserted.

complementary colour complementary colours n
dath comhlántach
(British spelling, colour science) Either of two colours which, when mixed, produce a white or grey.
(arts) A colour which is regarded as the opposite of another, so that the two colours together form a pleasing contrast.

complete /kɒmˈpliːt/ /kəmˈpliːt/ completer completest more complete most complete adj
foirfe líonmhar
With all parts included; with nothing missing; full.
foirfe
Finished; ended; concluded; completed.

completeness completenesses n
foirfeacht
The state or condition of being complete.

completion /kəmˈpliːʃən/ completions n
slánú
The act or state of being or making something complete; conclusion, accomplishment.

complex /kɑmˈplɛks/ /kəmˈplɛks/ /ˈkɑmplɛks/ /ˈkɒm.plɛks/ complexes n
ollionad
A collection of buildings with a common purpose, such as a university or military base.
An assemblage of related things; a collection.

complexion /kəmˈplɛkʃən/ complexions n
snamh
The quality, colour, or appearance of the skin on the face.

complexity /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/ complexities n
castacht
(uncountable) The state of being complex; intricacy; entanglement.

compliant /kəmˈplaɪənt/ /kəmˈplʌɪənt/ more compliant most compliant adj
comhlíontach
Willing to comply; submissive; willing to do what someone wants.
Compatible with or following guidelines, specifications, rules, or laws.

complicated /ˈkɑmplɪkeɪtɪd/ /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ more complicated most complicated adj
aimpléiseach casta
Difficult or convoluted.

complication complications n
aimpléis aimpléiseacht

compline /ˈkɑmplɪn/ /ˈkɒmplɪn/ complines n
coimpléid
(Christianity) The last of the canonical hours, sung just before retiring to bed.

comport /kəmˈpɔː(ɹ)t/ v
iompair
(reflexive) To behave (in a given manner). [from 17th c.]

compose /kəmˈpoʊz/ /kəmˈpəʊz/ v
cum
(transitive, or, intransitive) To construct by mental labor; to think up; particularly, to produce or create a literary or musical work.

composition /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/ compositions n
comhdhéanamh
A mixture or compound; the result of composing. [from 16th c.]
The proportion of different parts to make a whole. [from 14th c.]
comhshuí
(linguistics) The formation of compound words from separate words. [from 16th c.]
comhdhéanamh dréacht píosa saothar
A work of music, literature or art. [from 17th c.]

compost heap compost heaps n
carn múirín
(gardening) a pile of garden or other organic waste which is left to decompose. See also compost.

compound /kəmˈpaʊnd/ /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/ /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ adj
comh-
Composed of elements; not simple.

compound /kəmˈpaʊnd/ /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/ /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ compounds n
cumasc meascán
Anything made by combining several things.
comhdhúil cumasc
(chemistry) A substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight.

compound /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/ /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ compounds n
bábhún clós compún
An enclosure within which workers, prisoners, or soldiers are confined.
A group of buildings situated close together, e.g. for a school or block of offices.

compound interest compound interests n
ús iolraithe
(banking, finance) Interest, as on a loan or a bank account, that is calculated on the total on the principal plus accumulated unpaid interest.

compound word compound words n
comhfhocal
(linguistics) A word composed of two or more stems.

comprehensible /kɒmpɹəˈhɛnsɪbəl/ more comprehensible most comprehensible adj
intuigthe sothuigthe
Able to be comprehended.

comprehensive school comprehensive schools n
scoil chuimsitheach
(British) a normal secondary school, accepting pupils of all abilities; replaced the secondary modern schools and grammar schools

compress /kəmˈpɹɛs/ v
dlúthaigh
(transitive) To make smaller; to press or squeeze together, or to make something occupy a smaller space or volume.

compulsion /kəmˈpʌl.ʃən/ compulsions n
éigeantas
An irrational need or irresistible urge to perform some action, often despite negative consequences.

compulsiveness n
éigníocht
the state of being compulsive

computation /ˌkɒmpjʊˈteɪʃən/ computations n
ríomh
The act or process of computing; calculation; reckoning.

computational more computational most computational adj
ríomhaireachtúil
Of or relating to computation.

computational linguistics n
ríomhtheangeolaíocht
(linguistics, computer science) An interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical and/or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective. This modeling is not limited to any particular field of linguistics.

compute /kəmˈpjuːt/ v
comhair ríomh áirigh
(transitive) To reckon, calculate.

computed tomography computed tomographies n
tomografaíocht ríomhairithe
A form of radiography which uses computer software to create images, or slices, at various planes of depth from images taken around a body or volume of interest. Sometimes called “computerized tomography”.

computer /kəmˈpjutəɹ/ /kəmˈpjuːtə/ [kəmˈpʰjuɾəɹ] computers n
ríomhaire
A programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media. [from 20th c.]

computer game /ˈkəmˈpjuːtəˌɡeɪm/ computer games n
cluiche ríomhaire ríomhchluiche
An electronic game, especially a game played using a general-purpose computer (as opposed to a game console).

computer language computer languages n
teanga ríomhaire
(programming) A language that is used internally by computers, including programming languages, machine languages, query languages, markup languages etc.

computer program computer programs n
ríomhchlár
A complete piece of software.

computer programming computer programmings n
ríomhchlárú ríomhchlárúchán
(programming) The process of designing, writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code of computer programs.

computer science computer sciences n
ríomheolaíocht eolaíocht ríomhaireachta
The study of computers and their architecture, languages, and applications, in all aspects, as well as the mathematical structures that relate to computers and computation.

computer security n
slándáil ríomhaireachta
A branch of computer science that addresses enforcement of 'secure' behavior on the operation of computers.

computer virus computer vira computer viri computer viruses n
víreas ríomhaireachta
(computing) A program which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks and USB drives, often causing damage to systems and data.

computerize v
ríomhairigh
(transitive, computing) To equip with a computer or a computer system.

comrade /-ɹeːd/ /ˈkɑmɹæd/ /ˈkɑmɹəd/ /ˈkɒmɹeɪd/ /ˈkʊmɹeɪd/ /ˈkʌmɹeɪd/ comrades n
comrádaí
A mate, companion, or associate.
A companion in battle; fellow soldier.
(communism) A fellow socialist, communist or other similarly politically aligned person.
(communism) A non-hierarchical title, functionally similar to "Mr.", "Mrs.", "Miss", "Ms." etc, in a communist, socialist, or Islamist state.

conceal /kənˈsil/ /kənˈsiːl/ v
ceil
(transitive) To hide something from view or from public knowledge, to try to keep something secret.

conceit /kənˈsiːt/ conceits n
ainionadh anbharúil postúlacht
(uncountable) Overly high self-esteem; vain pride; hubris. [from 17th c.]

conceited conceiteder conceitedest more conceited most conceited adj
ainiontach anbharúlach leitheadach mustrach mórchúiseach mórmheasúil
Having an excessively favourable opinion of one's abilities, appearance, etc.; egotistical and vain.

concentrate /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/ /ˈkɒn.sən.tɹeɪt/ concentrates n
dlúthán tiúchán
A substance that is in a condensed form.

concentrate /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/ /ˈkɒn.sən.tɹeɪt/ v
cuimsigh
(ambitransitive) To bring to, or direct toward, a common center; to unite more closely; to gather into one body, mass, or force.
dlúthaigh tiubhaigh
To increase the strength and diminish the bulk of, as of a liquid or an ore; to intensify, by getting rid of useless material; to condense.
comhchruinnigh
To approach or meet in a common center; to consolidate.
d'aird a dhíriú d'aire a dhíriú
(intransitive) To focus one's thought or attention (on).

concentrated /ˈkɑnsəntɹeɪtɪd/ /ˈkɒnsəntɹeɪtɪd/ more concentrated most concentrated adj
tiubhaithe
Not dilute; having a high concentration.

concentration camp concentration camps n
campa géibhinn sluachampa géibhinn
A camp where large numbers of people, especially political prisoners, prisoners of war, refugees etc., are detained for the purpose of confining them in one place, typically with inadequate or inhumane facilities. [from 19th c.]

concept /ˈkɑn.sɛpt/ /ˈkɒn.sɛpt/ concepts n
coincheap
Understanding retained in the mind, from experience, reasoning and imagination; a generalization (generic, basic form), or abstraction (mental impression), of a particular set of instances or occurrences (specific, though different, recorded manifestations of the concept).

conception /kənˈsɛpʃən/ conceptions n
coimpeart
The power or faculty of apprehending of forming an idea in the mind; the power of recalling a past sensation or perception; the ability to form mental abstractions.

conceptualize v
coincheap coincheapaigh samhlaigh teibigh
To interpret a phenomenon by forming a concept.

concern /kənˈsɜːn/ /kənˈsɝn/ v
bain do bain le
(transitive) To relate or belong to; to have reference to or connection with; to affect the interest of; to be of importance to.

concert /kənˈsɜːt/ /kənˈsɝt/ /ˈkɑnsɚt/ /ˈkɒnsət/ concerts n
ceolchoirm
(countable) A musical entertainment in which several voices or instruments take part.

concert grand concert grands n
mórphianó ceolchoirme
(musical instrument) A large grand piano, especially one used for concert performances.

concert hall concert halls n
ceoláras
A large building where concerts are performed.

concertina /ˌkɑnsɚˈtinə/ /ˌkɒnsəˈtiːnə/ concertinas n
consairtín
(musical instruments) A musical instrument, like the various accordions, that is a member of the free-reed family of musical instruments, typically having buttons on both ends.

conch /ˈkɒnt͡ʃ/ /ˈkɒŋk/ /ˈkɒŋx/ conches conchs n
sliogán
The shell of this sea animal.
sliogán trumpa sliogáin
Synonym of concher (“machine used to refine the flavour and texture of chocolate”)

concise /kənˈsaɪs/ more concise most concise adj
achomair
Brief, yet including all important information

conciseness /kənˈsaɪsnəs/ n
achomaireacht
The property of being concise; succinctness.

conclave /kɒn.ˈkleɪv/ /ˈkɑn.kleɪv/ conclaves n
comhthionól cairdinéal
(Roman Catholic) The set of apartments in which the elector cardinals are secluded while a conclave takes place.
(Roman Catholic) The group of cardinals involved in a conclave.
tionól rúnda
(by extension) A private meeting; a closed or secret assembly.

concoct /kənˈkɒkt/ [kʰəŋˈkʰɒkt] v
cum
(figurative) To contrive something using skill or ingenuity.

concomitance concomitances n
coimhdeacht
occurrence or existence together or in connection with one another, coexistence

concord /ˈkɑnkɔɹd/ /ˈkɑŋkɔɹd/ /ˈkɒnkɔːd/ /ˈkɒŋkɔːd/ concords n
comhaontas
A state of agreement; harmony; union.

concrescence concrescences n
comhfhás
The growing together and merging of similar or dissimilar parts.

concrete /kɑŋˈkɹiːt/ /kɵnˈkɹiːt/ /kɵŋˈkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑŋkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒŋkɹiːt/ /ˌkɑnˈkɹiːt/ concreter concretest adj
coincréiteach
(not comparable) Made of concrete (building material).

concrete /kɑŋˈkɹiːt/ /kɵnˈkɹiːt/ /kɵŋˈkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑŋkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒŋkɹiːt/ /ˌkɑnˈkɹiːt/ concretes n
coincréit
(countable, uncountable) A building material created by mixing cement, water, and aggregate such as gravel and sand.

concrete /kɑŋˈkɹiːt/ /kɵnˈkɹiːt/ /kɵŋˈkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑŋkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒŋkɹiːt/ /ˌkɑnˈkɹiːt/ v
coincréitigh
(usually, transitive) To cover with or encase in concrete (building material).

concrete noun concrete nouns n
ainmfhocal nithiúil
(grammar) A noun that denotes something tangible or material, such as a person or place.

concreteness concretenesses n
nithiúlacht
(uncountable) the state of being concrete

concubine /ˈkɑŋkjəbaɪn/ concubines n
bean leapa bean luí
A woman who lives with a man, but who is not a wife.

concupiscence /kənˈkjuːpɪsəns/ concupiscences n
adhall
An ardent desire, especially sexual desire; lust.

condensation /ˌkɑn.dɛnˈseɪ.ʃən/ condensations n
comhdhlúthú
The act or process of condensing or of being condensed

condense /kənˈdɛns/ v
comhdhlúthaigh
(transitive, chemistry) To transform from a gaseous state into a liquid state via condensation.
(intransitive, chemistry) To be transformed from a gaseous state into a liquid state.

condensed milk condensed milks n
bainne comhdhlúite
Milk that has been reduced and sweetened to the consistency of syrup.

condiment /ˈkɑn.də.mənt/ /ˈkɒn.dɪ.mənt/ condiments n
anlann bealaíocht tarsann
Something used to enhance the flavor of food; for example, salt or pepper.

condition /kənˈdɪʃn̩/ /kənˈdɪʃən/ conditions n
bail caoi dóigh
A particular state of being.
The health status of a medical patient.
coinníoll
A requirement.
A logical clause or phrase that a conditional statement uses. The phrase can either be true or false.
(law) A clause in a contract or agreement indicating that a certain contingency may modify the principal obligation in some way.

condom /ˈkɑn.dəm/ /ˈkɒn.dɒm/ /ˈkɒn.dəm/ /ˈkʌn.dəm/ condoms n
coiscín
A flexible sleeve made of latex or other impermeable material such as sheepskin, worn over an erect penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as a way to prevent the spread of STIs.

condor /ˈkɒndɔː(ɹ)/ condor condors n
condar
Either of two New World vultures, Vultur gryphus of the Andes or Gymnogyps californianus, a nearly extinct vulture of the mountains of California.
(golf) The completion of a hole four strokes under par (a quadruple birdie, triple eagle, or double albatross).

conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ /ˈkɑndʌkt/ /ˈkɒndʌkt/ conducts n
béasa
The act or method of controlling or directing.

conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ /ˈkɑndʌkt/ /ˈkɒndʌkt/ v
treoraigh
(archaic, transitive) To lead, or guide; to escort.

conductivity conductivities n
inchonduchtacht seoltacht
The ability of a material to conduct electricity, heat, fluid or sound
seoltacht
(physics) The reciprocal of resistivity

conductor /kənˈdʌktɚ/ conductors conductress conductrix n
stiúrthóir
(music) A person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble; a professional whose occupation is conducting.
(rail transport) A person who takes tickets on public transportation and also helps passengers.
conduchtaire seoltóir
(physics) Something that can transmit electricity, heat, light, or sound.

conductress conductor conductresses n
banstiúrthóir
(dated) a female conductor

cone /ˈkoʊn/ /ˈkəʊn/ cones n
cón
(geometry) A surface of revolution formed by rotating a segment of a line around another line that intersects the first line.
(geometry) A solid of revolution formed by rotating a triangle around one of its altitudes.
coirceog cón
Anything shaped like a cone.
buaircín
The fruit of a conifer.
cónchill
(anatomy) Any of the small cone-shaped structures in the retina.

confection /kənˈfɛkʃən/ confections n
milseog sócamas sólas
A food item prepared very sweet, frequently decorated in fine detail, and often preserved with sugar, such as a candy, sweetmeat, fruit preserve, pastry, or cake.

confectioner confectioners n
milsíneoir
A manufacturer of or dealer in confections (sweets and candies, and other sweet food items).

confectionery /kənˈfɛkʃənəɹi/ /kənˈfɛkʃənɹi/ confectioneries n
milseogra rudaí milse sócamas
(uncountable) Foodstuffs that taste very sweet, taken as a group; candies, sweetmeats and confections collectively.

confederation /kənfɛdəˈɹeɪʃən/ confederations n
cónaidhm
A union or alliance of states or political organizations.

conference /ˈkɑnf(ə)ɹəns/ /ˈkɒnf(ə)ɹəns/ [ˈkʰɑɱ.fɹn̩s] [ˈkʰɑɱ.fɹəns] conferences n
comhdháil
(business) An event organized by a for-profit or non-profit organization to discuss a pressing issue, such as a new product, market trend or government regulation, with a range of speakers.
(Philippines, sports) A constituent tournament of a sports league in a given season.

confess /kənˈfɛs/ v
admhaigh
(intransitive, transitive) To admit to the truth, particularly in the context of sins or crimes committed.
(transitive) To acknowledge faith in; to profess belief in.
(transitive) To disclose or reveal.

confession /kənˈfɛʃən/ confessions n
admháil
The open admittance of having done something (especially something bad).
faoistin
A formula in which the articles of faith are comprised; a creed to be assented to or signed, as a preliminary to admission to membership of a church; a confession of faith.

confessional /kənˈfɛʃənəl/ confessionals n
bosca faoistine bosca éistigh
(Roman Catholicism) A small room where confession—the Sacrament of Penance—is performed in private with a priest.

confessor /kənˈfɛsə/ /kənˈfɛsɚ/ /ˈkɒnfɛs(ɔ)ə/ /ˈkɒnfɛsɔː/ confessoress confessors n
coinfeasóir dearbhóir
One who confesses faith in Christianity in the face of persecution, but who is not martyred.
admhálaí
One who confesses to having done something wrong.
athair faoistine oide faoistine
(Roman Catholicism) A priest who hears confession and then gives absolution

confidant /ˈkɑn.fɪ.dɑnt/ /ˈkɒn.fɪˌdænt/ /ˌkɒn.fɪˈdænt/ confidants n
anamchara cara rúin rúnaí rúnchara
A person in whom one can confide or share one's secrets: a friend.

confidence /ˈkɑn.fɪ.dəns/ /ˈkɒn.fɪ.dəns/ confidences n
urrúsacht
Self-assurance.

confident /ˈkɑnfɪdənt/ /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ [-dn̩t] [ˈkʰɑɱ.fə.dənt] [ˈkʰɔɱ.fɪ.dənt] more confident most confident adj
urrúsach
Very sure of something; positive.

confidential /ˌkɑːnfɪˈdɛnʃl/ more confidential most confidential adj
rúnda
Kept, or meant to be kept, secret within a certain circle of persons; not intended to be known publicly

confidentiality confidentialities n
rúndacht
(uncountable) The property of being confidential.

configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.jəˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/ /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/ /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹæɪ̯.ʃən/ configurations n
imchruth
The form of a thing, as depending on the relative placement of the parts of a thing's shape.

configure /kənˈfɪɡ(j)ɚ/ /kənˈfɪɡə(ɹ)/ v
cumrú
(transitive) To set up or arrange something in such a way that it is ready for operation for a particular purpose, or to someone's particular liking

confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ /kənˈfɝm/ v
daingnigh
To strengthen; to make firm or resolute.

confirmation /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/ [ˌkʰɑɱ.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌkʰɒɱ.fəˈmeɪ.ʃn̩] confirmations n
cinntiú
diongbháil
A verification that something is true or has happened.
cóineartú
A ceremony of sealing and conscious acknowledgement of the faith in many Christian churches, typically around the ages of 14 to 18; considered a sacrament in some churches, including Catholicism, but not in most Protestant churches.

confirmed /kənˈfɜːmd/ /kənˈfɝmd/ adj
diongbháilte
Verified or ratified.

confiscate v
coigistigh gabh seilbh ar
(transitive) To use one's authority to lay claim to and separate a possession from its holder.

conflagration /ˌkɒnfləˈɡɹeɪʃən/ conflagrations n
dóiteán
A large fire extending to many objects, or over a large space; a general burning.

conflict /kənˈflɪkt/ /ˈkɑn.flɪkt/ /ˈkɒn.flɪkt/ conflicts n
coimhlint coinbhleacht
A clash or disagreement, often violent, between two or more opposing groups or individuals.

confluence /kənˈflu.əns/ /ˈkɑnˌflu.əns/ /ˈkɒn.flu.əns/ confluences n
suaithneamh
The place where two rivers, streams, or other continuously flowing bodies of water meet and become one, especially where a tributary joins a river.

conformity /kənˈfɔɹmɪti/ /kənˈfɔːmɪti/ conformities n
admháil
The state of things being similar or identical.

confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/ confusions n
neamhord srúsram
cíor thuathail
The state of being confused; misunderstanding.

congeal /kənˈd͡ʒiːl/ v
cruaigh oighrigh reoigh sioc téacht
(transitive) To change from a liquid to solid state, perhaps due to cold; called to freeze in nontechnical usage.
cruaigh téacht
(transitive) To coagulate, make curdled or semi-solid such as gel or jelly.

congenial /kənˈd͡ʒiːniəl/ more congenial most congenial adj
taitneamhach
Friendly or sociable.
oiriúnach
Suitable to one’s needs.

congest /kənˈd͡ʒɛst/ v
plúch
To hinder or block the passage of something moving, for example a fluid, mixture, traffic, people, etc. (due to an excess of this or due to a partial or complete obstruction), resulting in overfilling or overcrowding.

congestion /-ˈd͡ʒɛʃ.d͡ʒən/ /kənˈd͡ʒɛst.ʃən/ /kʊnˈd͡ʒɛʃ.d͡ʒən/ congestions n
brú tráchta plódú tráchta
An excess of traffic; usually not a complete standstill of traffic, so usually not synonymous with traffic jam.

congratulations /-d͡ʒə-/ /-d͡ʒʊ-/ /-tjə-/ /-tjʊ-/ /-t͡ʃʊ-/ /kənˌɡɹat͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/ /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/ interjection
comhghairdeas
Expressing praise and approval, expressing approbation.

congregational /kɑŋɡɹəˈɡeɪʃənəl/ /kɒŋɡɹəˈɡeɪʃənəl/ adj
pobalda
Of or pertaining to a congregation.

congress /-ɹɛs/ /kənˈɡɹɛs/ /kəŋˈɡɹɛs/ /ˈkɑŋɡɹəs/ /ˈkɒŋˌɡɹɛs/ congresses n
comhdháil
(often, capitalized) A legislative body of a state, originally the bicameral legislature of the United States of America.

congruence /ˈkɑŋ.ɡɹu.əns/ /ˈkɒŋ.ɡɹʊ.əns/ /ˈkɔŋ.ɡɹʉ.əns/ congruences n
comhionannas
The quality of agreeing or corresponding; being suitable and appropriate.

congruent /kənˈɡɹu.ənt/ /ˈkɑŋ.ɡɹu.ənt/ /ˈkɒŋ.ɡɹu.ənt/ /ˈkɔŋ.ɡɹʉ.ənt/ more congruent most congruent adj
comhionann
Corresponding in character; congruous

conical /ˈkɑnɪkəl/ /ˈkɒnɪkəl/ more conical most conical adj
cónúil
(geometry) Of or relating to a cone or cones.
coirceogach cónúil
Shaped like a cone.

conicity conicities n
coirceogacht
The quality of being conic.

conjecture /kənˈd͡ʒek.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /kənˈd͡ʒɛk.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /kənˈd͡ʒɛk.t͡ʃɚ/ conjectures n
buille faoi thuairim
(formal) A statement or an idea which is unproven, but is thought to be true; a guess.

conjoined adj
comhcheangailte
Joined together physically, of persons (conjoined twins), or things.

conjugation /ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/ /ˌkɒnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/ conjugations n
comhchuingiú
(biology) The temporary fusion of organisms, especially as part of sexual reproduction
réimniú
(grammar) In some languages, one of several classifications of verbs according to what inflections they take.
(grammar) The product of that act: the conjugated forms of a verb, collected into a list or recitation.

conjunction /kənˈd͡ʒʌŋk.ʃən/ conjunctions n
cónasc
(grammar) A word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences. The specific conjunction used shows how the two joined parts are related.
(astronomy) The alignment of two bodies in the solar system such that they have the same longitude when seen from Earth.

conjunctive adj
acomhlach

conjunctivitis /kənˌd͡ʒʌŋktɪˈvaɪtɪs/ conjunctivites conjunctivitides conjunctivitises n
toinníteas
(pathology) An inflammation of the conjunctiva, often due to infection.

connection /kəˈnɛkʃən/ connections n
ceangal
The point at which two or more things are connected.
A feeling of understanding and ease of communication between two or more people.
An established communications or transportation link.
cleamhnas
A kinship relationship between people.

connective tissue connective tissues n
fíochán tacaíochta
(anatomy) A type of tissue found in animals whose main function is binding other tissue systems (such as muscle to skin) or organs and consists of the following three elements: cells, fibers and a ground substance (or extracellular matrix).

connectivity connectivities n
lúdracht nascacht
(uncountable) The state of being connected

connotation /ˌkɑnəˈteɪʃən/ /ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃən/ connotations n
fochiall
(semantics) A meaning of a word or phrase that is suggested or implied, as opposed to a denotation, or literal meaning. A characteristic of words or phrases, or of the contexts that words and phrases are used in.

conquest /ˈkɑnkwəst/ /ˈkɑnkwɛst/ /ˈkɑŋ-/ /ˈkɒŋkwəst/ /ˈkɒŋkwɛst/ conquests n
concas
An act or instance of achieving victory through combat; the subjugation of an enemy.
gabháltas
That which is conquered; possession gained by mental or physical effort, force, or struggle.

conscience /ˈkɑn.ʃəns/ /ˈkɒn.tʃəns/ /ˈkɒn.ʃəns/ consciences n
coinsias
(chiefly, fiction, narratology) A personification of the moral sense of right and wrong, usually in the form of a person, a being or merely a voice that gives moral lessons and advices.

conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/ /ˈkɒn.ʃəs/ /ˈkɒntʃəs/ more conscious most conscious adj
comhfhiosach
Aware of one's own existence; aware of one's own awareness.

consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ /ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/ consciousnesses n
comhfhios
The state of being conscious or aware; awareness.

consecutively adv
as a chéile
In a consecutive manner; without interruption.

consensual /kənˈsɛnʃuəl/ more consensual most consensual adj
comhthoiliúil
With permission, with consensus, without coercion; allowed without objecting or resisting.

consent /kənˈsɛnt/ consents n
deoin
Voluntary agreement or permission.

consent /kənˈsɛnt/ v
toiligh
(intransitive) To express willingness, to give permission.

consequence /ˈkɑnsɪkwəns/ /ˈkɑnsɪkwɛns/ /ˈkɒnsɪkwɛns/ consequences n
iarmhairt
An effect; something that follows a cause as a result.
(especially when preceded by "of") Importance, influence, or significance.

conservatism conservatisms n
coimeádachas
A political philosophy that advocates traditional values.

conservative /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/ /kənˈsɝvətɪv/ more conservative most conservative adj
coimeádach
Tending to resist change or innovation.

conservative /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/ /kənˈsɝvətɪv/ conservatives n
coimeádach
A person who favors maintenance of the status quo.
coimeádach coimeádaí
(US, Canada, politics) A person who favors decentralization of political power and disfavors interventionist foreign policy.

considerate /kənˈsɪdəɹət/ more considerate most considerate adj
cásmhar
Characterised by careful and conscious thought.

consistence /kənˈsɪst(ə)ns/ /kənˈsɪstəns/ consistences n
comhsheasmhacht
The staying together, or remaining in close relation, of non-physical things.
(archaic) The physical quality which is given by the degree of density, firmness, solidity, and viscosity; consistency.

consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/ consistencies n
comhsheasmhacht
Reliability or uniformity; the quality of being consistent.
The degree of viscosity of something.

consociationalism n
comhshochaíocht
Political consociation; government through guaranteed group representation.

console /ˈkɑn.soʊl/ /ˈkɒn.səʊl/ consoles n
consól

consolidate /kənˈsɑ.lə.deɪt/ /kənˈsɒl.ɪ.deɪt/ /kənˈsɔl.ə.dæɪt/ v
neartaigh
To make stronger or more solid.

consonant /ˈkɑn.sə.nənt/ /ˈkɑns.nənt/ /ˈkɒn.sə.nənt/ consonants n
consan
(phonetics) A sound that results from the passage of air through restrictions of the oral cavity; any sound that is not the dominant sound of a syllable, the dominant sound generally being a vowel.

consonant cluster consonant clusters n
carn consan
(phonetics) Two or more consonants in succession.

conspiracy /kənˈspɪɹəsi/ conspiracies n
comhcheilg
(legal) An agreement between two or more persons to break the law at some time in the future.
comhcheilg comhchogar
(loosely) An agreement to work together to bring something about; an act or instance of conspiring.

conspiracy theory /- ˌθiːɘɹiː/ /- ˌθiːəɹi/ /- ˌθiːəɹiː/ /- ˌθɪɹi/ /kɘnˈspɘɹɘsiː ˌθiəɹiː/ /kənˈspɪɹəsi ˌθi.əɹi/ /kənˈspɪɹəsi ˌθɪəɹi/ /kənˈspɪɹəsiː ˌθɪəɹiː/ conspiracy theories n
teoiric chomhcheilge
(dismissive, derogatory) Hypothetical speculation that is commonly considered untrue or outlandish.

conspirator /kənˈspɪɹətə/ /kənˈspɪɹətɚ/ conspirators n
cogarnach comhchealgaire
One of a group that acts in harmony; a person who is part of a conspiracy.

constable /ˈkanstəbəl/ /ˈkɑnstəbəl/ /ˈkɒnstəbəl/ /ˈkʌnstəbəl/ constables n
constábla
(UK, law) A police officer or an officer with equivalent powers.

constancy /ˈkɑnstənsi/ /ˈkɒnstənsi/ constancies n
diongbháil diongbháilteacht seasmhacht
(uncountable) The quality of being constant; steadiness or faithfulness in action, affections, purpose, etc.

constant /ˈkɑnstənt/ /ˈkɒnstənt/ more constant most constant adj
diongbháilte
Unchanged through time or space; permanent.
Steady in purpose, action, feeling, etc.
síoraí
Consistently recurring over time; persistent.

constellation /ˌkɑn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/ [ˌkɑn.stəˈleɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃn̩] constellations n
réaltbhuíon
(modern, _, astronomy) Any of the 88 regions of the sky officially recognized by the International Astronomical Union, including all stars and celestial bodies in the region. [from 1920s]
réaltbhuíon réaltra
(astronomy) An arbitrary formation of stars perceived as a figure (especially one from mythology) or pattern, or a division of the sky including it, especially one officially recognized by astronomers; an asterism.

consternation /ˌkɑn.stɚˈneɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.stəˈneɪ.ʃən/ consternations n
anbhá
Amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and incapacitates for reflection; terror, combined with amazement; dismay.

constipate /ˈkɒnstɪˌpeɪt/ v
triomaigh
(transitive) To cause constipation in.

constipated /ˈkɒnstəpeɪtəd/ more constipated most constipated adj
ceangailte sa chorp crua sa bholg crua sa chorp iata
Unable to defecate; costive.

constipation /ˌkɒnstɪˈpeɪʃən/ constipations n
iatacht
The act of crowding anything into a lesser space, or the state of being crowded or pressed together; condensation.
A state of the bowels in which the evacuations are infrequent and difficult, or the intestines become filled with hardened faeces

constitution /-ˈtʃuː-/ /ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃ(ə)n/ /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n/ constitutions n
bunreacht
(government) The formal or informal system of primary principles and laws that regulates a government or other institutions.
(law) A legal document describing such a formal system.

constitutional /-stə-/ /ˌkɑnstɪˈt(j)uʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ more constitutional most constitutional adj
bunreachtúil
In compliance with or valid under a legal or political constitution.
Relating to a legal or political constitution.

constitutional monarchy constitutional monarchies n
monarcacht bhunreachtúil
A monarchy that is limited by laws and a constitution.

constitutionality constitutionalities n
bunreachtúlacht
(legal) The status of being constitutional; of being in accord with the provisions of the appropriate constitution.

constrict /kənˈstɹɪkt/ v
crap
(ambitransitive) To narrow, especially by application of pressure.

constriction constrictions n
ainleog
The act of constricting, the state of being constricted, or something that constricts.

constructed language constructed languages n
teanga chumtha
Any language—whether a human language, a programming language, or markup language—that is not a natural language.

construction paper construction papers n
páipéar siúcra
Thick colored paper that can be cut to make designs, models, etc

constructivism constructivisms n
tógachas
(arts) A Russian movement in modern art characterized by the creation of nonrepresentational geometric objects using industrial materials.
(mathematics) A philosophy that asserts the need to construct a mathematical object to prove it exists.

consul /ˈkɑn.səl/ /ˈkɒn.səl/ consuls n
consal
(by extension) An official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of their country.

consulate /ˈkɑnsələt/ /ˈkɑnsəlɪt/ /ˈkɒnsjʊlət/ /ˈkɒnsələt/ consulates n
consalacht
The term of office of a consul.
The business office of a consul; a minor embassy.

consumable more consumable most consumable adj
inite
That may be eaten.

consume /kənˈsjuːm/ /kənˈsjʉːm/ /kənˈsum/ /kənˈʃuːm/ v
caith
(transitive) To use up.
(transitive) To eat.

contact lens contact lenses n
lionsa tadhaill
A thin lens, made of flexible or rigid plastic, that is placed directly on to the eye to correct vision, used as an alternative to spectacles, or, if coloured, to change one's eye color cosmetically.

contact tracing contact tracings n
rianú teagmhálacha
(epidemiology) The process of identification of persons ("contacts") who may have come into contact with a person carrying an infectious disease.

contagion /kənˈteɪd͡ʒən/ contagions n
gabhálacht tógálacht
galar gabhálach galar tógálach
A disease spread by contact.
tógáil
The spread or transmission of such a disease.
(figuratively, by extension) The spread of anything likened to a contagious disease.
(finance) The spread of (initially small) shocks, which initially affect only a few financial institutions or a particular region of an economy, to other financial sectors and other countries whose economies were previously healthy.

contagious /kənˈteɪdʒəs/ more contagious most contagious adj
gabhálach
(of a disease) Easily transmitted to others.
(figurative) Easily passed on to others.
(of a person) Having a disease that can be transmitted to another person.

contagiousness n
gabhálacht
The state or condition of being contagious.

container /kənˈteɪnə/ /kənˈteɪnɚ/ containers n
coimeádán soitheach árthach gabhdán
An item in which objects, materials or data can be stored or transported.

contaminant /kənˈtamɪnənt/ contaminants n
ábhar salaithe ábhar truaillithe éilleán
That which contaminates; an impurity; foreign matter.

contaminate /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ v
truailligh
(transitive) To make something dangerous or toxic by introducing impurities or foreign matter.

contemporary /kənˈtɛm.p(ə).ɹi/ /kənˈtɛm.p(ə).ɹəɹ.i/ /kənˈtɛm.pəˌɹɛɹ.i/ more contemporary most contemporary adj
comhaosta nua-aimseartha
Belonging to or occurring in the same time period (whether past, present, or future)

contempt /kənˈtɛmpt/ contempts n
dímheas tarcaisne
(uncountable) The state or act of contemning; the feeling or attitude of regarding someone or something as inferior, base, or worthless; scorn, disdain.

contemptible /kənˈtɛmptəbəl/ more contemptible most contemptible adj
drochmheasúil dímhigneach míolach neamhshuimiúil péisteogach péistiúil
Deserving contempt.

content /kənˈtɛnt/ contenter more content most content adj
sásta
Satisfied, pleased, contented.

contention /kənˈtɛnʃən/ contentions n
amarrán bágh caismirt coimhlint dréim
Argument, contest, debate, strife, struggle.

contentious /kənˈtɛn.ʃəs/ more contentious most contentious adj
conspóideach
Marked by heated arguments or controversy.

contentment /kənˈtɛntmənt/ contentments n
suáilceas sástacht
The state or degree of being contented or satisfied.

context /ˈkɑn.tɛkst/ /ˈkɒn.tɛkst/ /ˈkɔn.tekst/ contexts n
comhthéacs
The surroundings, circumstances, environment, background or settings that determine, specify, or clarify the meaning of an event or other occurrence.
(linguistics) The text in which a word or passage appears and which helps ascertain its meaning.

continence /ˈkɒntɪnəns/ continences n
coinneálacht
(urology) The voluntary control of urination and defecation.
féinsmacht collaí geanmnaíocht measarthacht
Moderation or self-restraint, especially in sexual activity; abstinence.

continent /ˈkɑnt(ə)nənt/ /ˈkɑntɪnənt/ /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ continents n
mór-roinn
Each of the traditional main regions into which the Earth’s land surface is divided, now generally regarded as seven in number, each usually including both an extent of mainland and various conventionally associated islands, etc.

continental /ˌkɑntɪˈnɛntl̩/ /ˌkɒntɪˈnɛntl̩/ more continental most continental adj
mór-roinneach
Of or relating to a continent or continents.
(US, historical) Of or relating to the confederated colonies collectively, in the time of the Revolutionary War.

continental breakfast continental breakfasts n
bricfeasta Eorpach bricfeasta mór-roinne
A light breakfast, often as served in a hotel, usually consisting of cereal, juice, and pastries, but without any fried items.

continental drift n
gluaiseacht ilchríochach
(geology) The slow movement of continents explained by plate tectonics.

continental shelf continental shelves n
scairbh ilchríochach
(oceanography) The outer area of a land mass covered by a shallow sea that extends into open ocean.

contingency plan contingency plans n
plean B plean teagmhais
An alternative plan to be put into operation if needed, especially in case of emergencies, or if a primary plan fails.

contingent /kənˈtɪn.d͡ʒənt/ contingents n
meitheal
(military) A quota of troops.

continual /kənˈtɪnjuəl/ /kənˈtɪnjəl/ adj
gréasach síoraí
(proscribed) Seemingly continuous; appearing to have no end or interruption.

continually /kənˈtɪnjuəli/ /kənˈtɪnjəli/ more continually most continually adv
de ghréas
In a continual manner; non-stop.

contortion contortions n
freangadh
The act of contorting, twisting or deforming something, especially oneself.

contour /-tɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈkɒntʊə(ɹ)/ contours n
comhrian
A line on a map or chart delineating those points which have the same altitude or other plotted quantity: a contour line or isopleth.

contour line contour lines n
comhrian líne chomh-airde
(geography) A line on a map through points of equal elevation, often height above sea level.

contour map contour maps n
léarscáil chomh-airde léarscáil chomhrianach mapa comh-airde mapa comhrianach
(cartography) A map made to show the relief measurements of the land by means of contour lines.

contrabassoon contrabassoons n
ollbhasún
(musical instruments) A larger version of the bassoon sounding one octave lower, having a technique similar to the bassoon but offers more resistance in every way.

contract /ˈkɑntɹækt/ /ˈkɒntɹækt/ contracts n
conradh
(legal) An agreement which the law will enforce in some way. A legally binding contract must contain at least one promise, i.e., a commitment or offer, by an offeror to and accepted by an offeree to do something in the future. A contract is thus executory rather than executed.
(legal) A part of legal studies dealing with laws and jurisdiction related to contracts.

contract /kənˈtɹækt/ v
crap
(ambitransitive) To draw together or nearer; to shorten, narrow, or lessen.
conraigh
(intransitive) To make an agreement or contract; to covenant; to agree; to bargain.

contractor /ˈkɒnˌtɹæk.tə(ɹ)/ contractors n
conraitheoir

contradiction /ˌkɑːntɹəˈdɪkʃən/ /ˌkɒntɹəˈdɪkʃən/ contradictions n
bréagnú
(countable, uncountable) The act of contradicting.

contradictory /ˌkɑntɹəˈdɪktəɹi/ /ˌkɒntɹəˈdɪkt(ə)ɹi/ more contradictory most contradictory adj
bréagnaitheach
That contradicts something, such as an argument.

contrary /kənˈtɹɛəɹi/ /ˈkɑntɹɛɹi/ /ˈkɒntɹi/ /ˈkɒntɹəɹi/ more contrary most contrary adj
contrártha
Opposite; in an opposite direction; in opposition; adverse.
ciotrúnta
Given to opposition; perverse; wayward.

contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/ /ˌkɒntɹɪˈbjuːʃən/ contributions n
ranníocaíocht
An amount of money given toward something.

contrite /kənˈtɹaɪt/ /ˈkɑnˌtɹaɪt/ /ˈkɒnˌtɹaɪt/ more contrite most contrite adj
croíbhrúite
Sincerely penitent or feeling regret or sorrow, especially for one’s own actions.

contrition /kənˈtɹɪʃən/ contritions n
doilíos
The state of being contrite; sincere penitence or remorse.

contrived /kənˈtɹaɪvd/ more contrived most contrived adj
tacar
Unnatural, forced; artificial, or unrealistic.

control /kənˈtɹoʊl/ /kənˈtɹəʊl/ controls n
smacht urlámhas
(countable, uncountable) An influence or authority over something.
srianadh
Restraint or ability to contain one's movements or emotions, or self-control.

control /kənˈtɹoʊl/ /kənˈtɹəʊl/ v
ceansaigh
(transitive) To exercise influence over; to suggest or dictate the behavior of.

control tower control towers n
túr rialaithe túr rialúcháin
(aviation) An airport building from which the air traffic control unit monitors and directs the movement of aircraft on and around the airport.

controller /kənˈtɹoʊlɚ/ /kənˈtɹəʊlə/ controllers n
stiúrthóir
One who controls something.
ard-reachtaire
(business) The chief accounting officer which audits, and manages the financial affairs of a company or government; a comptroller.

controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.si.əl/ /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.sjəl/ /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/ /ˌkɒn.tɹəˈvɜː.sjəl/ /ˌkɒn.tɹəˈvɜː.ʃəl/ /ˌkɔn.tɹəˈvɜː.ʃəl/ more controversial most controversial adj
aighneasach conspóideach
Arousing controversy—a debate or discussion of opposing opinions.

controversialist controversialists n
aighneasóir
One who regularly engages in public controversies.

contumelious /ˌkɑn.tjuˈmiː.li.əs/ /ˌkɑn.tʊˈmiː.li.əs/ /ˌkɒn.tjʊˈmiː.li.əs/ more contumelious most contumelious adj
borb
(archaic, literary) Rudely contemptuous; showing contumely; exhibiting an insolent or disdainful attitude.

contumely /ˈkɒntjuːməli/ contumelies n
tarcaisne
Offensive and abusive language or behaviour; scorn, insult.

conurbation /ˌkɑnɚˈbeɪʃən/ /ˌkɒnəˈbeɪʃən/ conurbations n
ceirtleán uirbeach comhchathair
A continuous aggregation of built-up urban communities created as a result of urban sprawl.

convene /kənˈvin/ /kənˈviːn/ [kənˈvɪin] v
comhghairm
(transitive) To cause to assemble; to call together; to convoke.

convenience /kənˈvinjəns/ /kənˈviːnɪəns/ conveniences n
aosáid
The quality of being convenient.

convenient /kənˈvinjənt/ /kənˈviːniənt/ more convenient most convenient adj
acrach sásta áiseach áisiúil
Serving to reduce a difficulty, or accessible with minimum difficulty; expedient.

convent /ˈkɑn.vɛnt/ /ˈkɒn.vənt/ /ˈkɒn.vɛnt/ convents n
clochar
(now, _, especially) Synonym of nunnery, a female religious community and its residence.

conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənəl/ more conventional most conventional adj
gnásúil
Pertaining to a convention, as in following generally accepted principles, methods and behaviour.
Ordinary, commonplace.

convergence /kɒnˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəns/ /kənˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəns/ convergences n
coinbhéirseacht
The act of moving toward union or uniformity.
(mathematics) The process or property of approaching some limiting value.
(economics) The hypothesis that poorer economies' per capita incomes tend to grow faster than richer economies.
inréimneacht
The intersection of three electron beams for red, green and blue onto a single pixel in a CRT.

conversation /ˌkɑn.vəɹˈseɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.vəˈseɪ.ʃən/ [ˌkʰɑɱ.vɚˈseɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌkʰɒɱ.vəˈseɪ.ʃn̩] conversations n
comhrá
Expression and exchange of individual ideas through talking with other people; also, a set instance or occasion of such talking. [from 16th c.]

converse /kənˈvɜːs/ /kənˈvɝs/ v
déan comhrá
(formal, intransitive) To talk; to engage in conversation.

convert /kənˈvɜːt/ /kənˈvɝt/ /ˈkɑn.vɚt/ /ˈkɒn.vət/ [kʰə̥ɱˈvɜːt] [kʰə̥ɱˈvɝt] [ˈkʰɑɱ.vɚt] [ˈkʰɒɱ.vət] converts n
iompaitheach
A person who has converted to a religion.

convey /kənˈveɪ/ v
iompair
To communicate; to make known; to portray.
(obsolete) To carry or take away secretly; to steal; to thieve.
tíolaic
(legal) To transfer legal rights (to).

conveyance /kənˈveɪəns/ conveyances n
gníomhas tíolacais tíolacadh tíolacas
(legal) An instrument transferring title of an object from one person or group of persons to another.

conveyor belt conveyor belts n
crios iompair
A continuous flexible band moved by a series of rollers to transport objects or material from one place to another, especially within a factory or mine.

convict /kənˈvɪkt/ /ˈkɑnvɪkt/ /ˈkɒnvɪkt/ v
ciontaigh daor
(chiefly, religion) To convince, persuade; to cause (someone) to believe in (something).

convocation convocations n
comhghairm
The act of calling or assembling by summons.

convolvulus convolvuli convolvuluses n
ainleog
(botany) Any of several plants, of the genus Convolvulus, found in temperate climates, having small trumpet-shaped flowers.

convoy /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/ convoys n
conbhua tionlacan
(nautical) One or more merchant ships sailing in company to the same general destination under the protection of naval vessels.
conbhua
A group of vehicles travelling together for safety, especially one with an escort.

convoy /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/ v
tionlaic
(transitive) To escort a group of vehicles, and provide protection.

cook /kuːk/ /kʉk/ /kʊk/ cooks n
cócaire
(cooking) A person who prepares food.

cook /kuːk/ /kʉk/ /kʊk/ v
cócaráil
(ambitransitive) To prepare food for eating by heating it, often combining with other ingredients.

cookbook /ˈkʊkˌbʊk/ cookbooks n
leabhar cócaireachta
A book or an encyclopedia of recipes and cookery tips.

cooker /ˈkʊkə/ /ˈkʊkɚ/ cookers n
bruthaire sorn
(chiefly, Britain, Ireland) A device for heating food, a stove.
bruthaire cócaireán sorn
(chiefly, Britain, Ireland, except in compounds) An appliance or utensil for cooking food.

cookhouse cookhouses n
cistin cocús áit chócaireachta
A small building where cooking takes place.

cooking /ˈkʊk.ɪŋ/ cookings n
cócaireacht cócaráil
(uncountable) The process of preparing food by using heat.
cócaireacht
(uncountable) The style or genre of food preparation.

cooking apple cooking apples n
úll cócarála úll géar
Any variety of apple primarily used for making pies, crumbles or sauces.

cool /kul/ /kuːl/ /kʉl/ cooler coolest adj
cúileach cúl fionnuar
Of a color, in the range of violet to green.
cúileach cúl fionnuar réidh
(of a person) Not showing emotion; calm and in control of oneself.
fuarchúiseach
Unenthusiastic, lukewarm, skeptical.

cool /kul/ /kuːl/ /kʉl/ v
fuaraigh
(intransitive, literally) To lose heat, to get colder.

cool down v
fuaraigh
To cause (something) to become cooler; to reduce the temperature of.

cooling /ˈkuːlɪŋ/ coolings n
fuarú
A decrease in temperature.

cooling tower cooling towers n
túr fuaraithe túr fuarúcháin
A large device, in the form of a tower-shaped building, in which warm water is cooled by evaporation caused by circulating currents of air

coop /kuːp/ coops n
cúb
A basket, pen or enclosure for birds or small animals.

cooper /ˈkuːpə(ɹ)/ coopers n
cúipéir
A craftsman who makes and repairs barrels and similar wooden vessels such as casks, buckets and tubs.

coordinate /koʊˈɔɹdənət/ /koʊˈɔɹdənɪt/ /koʊˈɔɹdəˌneɪt/ /kəʊˈɔːdɪnɪt/ /kəʊˈɔːdɪˌneɪt/ /ˈkwɔːdɪnɪt/ /ˈkwɔːdɪnˌneɪt/ /ˈkɔɹdənɪt/ /ˈkɔɹdəˌneɪt/ coordinates n
comhordán
(mathematics, cartography, astronomy) A number representing the position of a point along a line, arc, or similar one-dimensional figure.

coordinate clause coordinate clauses n
príomhchlásal
(grammar) A clause that can stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence and contains at least a subject and a verb.

coot /kuːt/ coots n
cearc cheannann coileach ceannann
Any of various aquatic birds of the genus Fulica that are mainly black with a prominent frontal shield on the forehead.

cope /ˈkoʊp/ /ˈkəʊp/ copes n
cóip
(liturgy) A long, loose cloak worn by a priest, deacon, or bishop when presiding over a ceremony other than the Mass.

copper /ˈkɑ.pɚ/ /ˈkɒ.pə/ /ˈkɔ.pə/ coppers n
copar umha
(uncountable) A reddish-brown, malleable, ductile metallic element with high electrical and thermal conductivity, symbol Cu, and atomic number 29.

copper shark copper sharks n
siorc rua
Carcharhinus brachyurus, a species of requiem shark characterized by its narrow, hook-shaped upper teeth, lack of a prominent ridge between the dorsal fins, and plain bronze coloration.

copra /ˈkɒ.pɹə/ copras n
copra
The dried kernel of the coconut, from which coconut oil is extruded.

copse /kɒps/ copses n
rosán
Any thicket of small trees or shrubs, coppiced or not.

copy /ˈkɑpi/ /ˈkɒpi/ copies n
cóip
A printed edition of a book or magazine.

copyable more copyable most copyable adj
sochóipeáilte
Alternative form of copiable

copyright /ˈkɑpiˌɹaɪt/ /ˈkɒpiˌɹaɪt/ copyrights n
cóipcheart
(uncountable) The right by law to be the entity which determines who may publish, copy and distribute a piece of writing, music, picture or other work of authorship.

cor anglais /ˌkɔɹ ɔŋˈɡleɪ/ /ˌkɔːɹ ˈɒŋɡleɪ/ cors anglais n
corn Sasanach
(musical instruments) A double-reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family that is pitched in F, one-fifth lower than the oboe and is consequently approximately one-third longer than the oboe.

cord /kɔɹd/ /kɔːd/ cords n
ruóg
(countable) A long, thin, flexible length of twisted yarns (strands) of fiber (a rope, for example).

cordite /ˈkɔːdaɪt/ cordites n
coirdít
A smokeless propellent made by combining two high explosives, nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, used in some firearm ammunition.

cordon /kɔː(ɹ)dən/ cordons n
ribín ridireachta
(archaic) A ribbon normally worn diagonally across the chest as a decoration or insignia of rank etc. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

core /ko(ː)ɹ/ /koə/ /koɹ/ /kɔː/ [kʰo̞ɹ] cores n
croí
The center or inner part of a space or area.
The central part of a fruit, containing the kernels or seeds.
A technical term for classification of things denoting those parts of a category that are most easily or most likely understood as within it.
The most important part of a thing or aggregate of things wherever located and whether of any determinate location at all; the essence.
(engineering, manufacturing) The portion of a mold that creates a cavity or impression within the part (casting or molded part) or that makes a hole in or through the part.

corf /kɔɹf/ /kɔːf/ corfs corves n
féan guail
(mining) A large basket, especially as used for coal.

corgi /ˈkɔɹɡi/ /ˈkɔɹɡun/ /ˈkɔːɡi/ /ˈkɔːɡuːn/ corgies corgis corgwn n
corchú
Short for Welsh corgi (“a type of herding dog originating from Wales, having a small body, short legs, and fox-like features such as large ears; two separate breeds are recognized: the Cardigan Welsh Corgi and the Pembroke Welsh Corgi”).

coriander /ˈkɔɹiˌændɚ/ /ˌkɒɹiˈændə/ /ˌkɔɹiˈændɚ/ corianders n
lus an choire
(UK) The annual herb Coriandrum sativum, used in many cuisines.

cork /kɔɹk/ /kɔːk/ corks n
corc
A bottle stopper made from this or any other material.

corkscrew /ˈkɔɹk.skɹu/ /ˈkɔːk.skɹuː/ corkscrews n
corcscriú
An implement for opening bottles that are sealed by a cork. Sometimes specifically such an implement that includes a screw-shaped part, or worm.

cormorant /ˈkɑm(ə)ɹənt/ /ˈkɔɹməɹənt/ /ˈkɔːməɹənt/ cormorants n
broigheall cailleach dhubh duibhéan fiach mara
Any of various medium-large black seabirds of the family Phalacrocoracidae which dive into water for fish and other aquatic animals, found throughout the world except for islands in the centre of the Pacific Ocean; specifically, the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo).

corn /kɔɹn/ /kɔːn/ corns n
arbhar
(Commonwealth English, but not Canada, Australia, or New Zealand, uncountable) Any cereal plant (or its grain) that is the main crop or staple of a country or region.
A grain or seed, especially of a cereal crop.
fadharcán
A type of callus, usually on the feet or hands.

corn bunting corn buntings n
gealóg bhuachair
A passerine bird (Emberiza calandra, syn. Emberiza miliaria, Milaria calandra) whose male and female plumages are (untypically for buntings) similar.

corn flakes n
calóga arbhair
A breakfast cereal made from toasted flakes of maize.

corn poppy corn poppies n
cailleach dhearg
The common poppy (Papaver rhoeas), of Eurasia.

corn salad corn salads n
leitís uain
Any of the small plants in genus Valerianella, used in salads and as a herb, especially Valerianella locusta.

corn thistle corn thistles n
feochadán reatha
A perennial herb, Cirsium arvense.

cornbread cornbreads n
arán buí
(US) Bread made from cornmeal.

corncob /ˈkɔɹn.kɑb/ /ˈkɔɹn.kɒb/ /ˈkɔːn.kɒb/ corncobs n
dias
The central cylindrical core of an ear of corn (maize) on which the kernels are attached in rows.

corncockle corncockles n
diasa fia
Any of several species of flowering plants, of the genus Agrostemma, in the Caryophyllaceae family.

corncrake /ˈkɔɹnˌkɹeɪk/ /ˈkɔːnkɹeɪk/ corncrakes n
traonach
A bird of the rail family, Crex crex, that breeds in meadows and arable farmland across Europe and western Asia, migrating to Africa in winter.

cornea /ˈkɔː(ɹ)ni.ə/ corneae corneas corneæ n
coirne
(anatomy) The transparent layer making up the outermost front part of the eye, covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.

corned adj
saillte
(of meat) preserved in salt

corned beef corned beefs n
mairteoil leasaithe mairteoil shaillte
Smoke-cured and salted beef.
mairteoil shaillte
Beef conserved in tins (cans).

cornel cornels n
conbhaiscne
Any tree or shrub of the dogwood subgenera, Cornus subg. Arctocrania (syn. Cornus subg. Chamaepericlymenum) or Cornus subg. Cornus, especially Cornus mas, the European cornel.

corner /ˈkɔɹnɚ/ /ˈkɔːnə(ɹ)/ corners n
coirneál
An intersection of two streets; any of the four outer points off the street at that intersection.
The projection into space of an angle in a solid object.
cúinne
The space in the angle between converging lines or walls which meet in a point.
deireadh
An edge or extremity; the part farthest from the center; hence, any quarter or part, or the direction in which it lies.
cearn
A secret or secluded place; a remote or out of the way place; a nook.
monaplacht
(business, finance) A sufficient interest in a salable security or commodity to allow the cornering party to influence prices.

corner forward corner forwards n
lántosach lántosaí
(Gaelic football, hurling) A forward who plays on either sides of the centre forwards.

cornerback cornerbacks n
lánchúlaí lántaca
(American football, Gaelic football, hurling) Any of the defensive players who are in position on each side farthest laterally from the ball and whose principal responsibility is to defend against passes.

cornet /kɔɹˈnɛt/ /ˈkɔːnɪt/ cornets n
coirnéad
A musical instrument of the brass family, slightly smaller than a trumpet, usually in the musical key of B-flat.
coirceog pháipéir
A piece of paper twisted to be used as a container.

cornflower /ˈkɔɹnˌflaʊ.ɚ/ cornflowers n
coirce gorm gormán
A small annual plant in the family Asteraceae, Centaurea cyanus, usually with bushy blue flowers which grows natively in European cornfields (i.e. wheatfields).

cornice cornices n
coirnis
(architectural element) A horizontal architectural element of a building, projecting forward from the main walls, originally used as a means of directing rainwater away from the building's walls.

cornucopia /ˌkɔɹ.njəˈkoʊ.pi.ə/ /ˌkɔɹ.nəˈkoʊ.pi.ə/ /ˌkɔː.njəˈkəʊ.pi.ə/ cornucopiae cornucopias cornucopiæ n
corn na flúirse
(Greek mythology) A goat's horn endlessly overflowing with fruit, flowers and grain; or full of whatever its owner wanted: or, an image of a such a horn, either in two or three dimensions.

corollary /kɒˈɹɒləɹi/ /kɔˈɹoʊˌlɛɹi/ /ˈkɒɹələɹi/ /ˈkɔɹəˌlɛɹi/ corollaries n
comhthoradh iarmhairt
atoradh
(mathematics, logic) A proposition which follows easily from the statement or proof of another proposition.

coronal mass ejection coronal mass ejections n
eisteilgean maise corónaí
(astronomy) A massive burst of solar wind, other light isotope plasma, and magnetic fields rising above the solar corona or being released into space.

coronary /ˈkɒɹən(ə)ɹi/ /ˈkɔɹənɛɹi/ more coronary most coronary adj
corónach
(anatomy) Encircling something (like a crown), especially with regard to the arteries or veins of the heart.

coronary artery coronary arteries n
artaire corónach
(anatomy, cardiology) An artery arising from aorta.

coronation /kɒɹəˈneɪʃn̩/ /ˌkɑ-/ /ˌkɔɹəˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ coronations n
corónú
(specifically, also, attributively) An act or the ceremony of formally investing a sovereign or the sovereign's consort with a crown and other insignia of royalty, on or shortly after their accession to the sovereignty.

coronavirus /kəˈɹoʊnəˌvaɪɹəs/ /kəˈɹəʊnəˌvaɪɹəs/ coronaviruses n
coróinvíreas víreas corónach
(virology) A member of the family Coronaviridaews, comprising viruses which infect animals and human beings, and the genome of which consists of a single strand of RNA. [from 1968]

corporal punishment /ˌkɔː.pəɹ.əl ˈpʌn.ɪʃ.mənt/ corporal punishments n
pionós corpartha
A form of punishment achieved by inflicting blows to the offender's body.

corps /ko(ː)ɹ/ /ko(ː)ɹz/ /koə/ /koəz/ /koɹ/ /koɹz/ /kɔː/ /kɔːz/ [kʰo̞ɹ] [kʰo̞ɹz] corps n
cór
(military) A battlefield formation composed of two or more divisions.

corpse /koɹps/ /koːps/ /kɔːps/ /kɔːɹps/ [kʰo̞ɹps] corpses n
corp corpán marbhán marbh
A dead body, especially that of a human as opposed to an animal.
(archaic, sometimes, derogatory) A human body in general, whether living or dead.

corpuscle /ˈkɔɹˌpʌsəl/ /ˈkɔːˌpʌsəl/ corpuscles n
coirpín
A minute particle; an atom; a molecule.

correct /kəˈɹɛkt/ more correct most correct adj
beacht
Free from error; true; accurate; astute.

correct /kəˈɹɛkt/ v
beachtaigh ceartaigh
(transitive) To make something that was wrong become right; to remove error from.

correction /kəˈɹɛkʃən/ corrections n
ceartú
The act of correcting.

correctness correctnesses n
cruinneas
freedom from error

corridor /-də/ /ˈkɒɹɪdɔː/ /ˈkɔɹədɚ/ /ˈkɔɹəˌdɔɹ/ corridors n
dorchla halla pasáiste
A narrow hall or passage with rooms leading off it, as in a building or in a railway carriage.

corrigendum /ˌkɒɹ.ɪˈdʒɛn.dəm/ /ˌkɒɹ.ɪˈɡɛn.dəm/ /ˌkɔɹ.ɪˈd͡ʒɛn.dəm/ /ˌkɔɹ.ɪˈɡɛn.dəm/ corrigenda n
earráid
An error that is to be corrected in a printed work after publication.

corroborate /kəˈɹɑbəɹeɪ̯t/ /kəˈɹɒbəɹeɪ̯t/ v
neartaigh le
(transitive) To confirm or support something with additional evidence; to attest or vouch for.

corrugated adj
feacach iomaireach rocach
Marked with parallel folds, ridges or furrows.
Bent into regular curved folds or grooves.

corrugated iron n
iarann rocach iarann roctha
An iron sheet building material, usually galvanised, which has been pressed into corrugations.

corrupt /kəˈɹʌpt/ v
truailligh éilligh
(transitive) To make corrupt; to change from good to bad; to draw away from the right path; to deprave; to pervert.

corruption /kəˈɹʌpʃən/ corruptions n
éillitheacht

cortex /ˈkɔɹtɛks/ /ˈkɔːtɛks/ cortexes cortices n
coirtéis
(countable, anatomy) The outer layer of an internal organ or body structure, such as the kidney or the brain.

cosine /ˈkoʊ.saɪn/ /ˈkəʉ.sɑɪn/ /ˈkəʊ.saɪn/ cosines n
comhshíneas
(trigonometry) In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to an acute angle to the length of the hypotenuse. Symbol: cos

cosmic background radiation n
radaíocht chúlra chosmach

cosmic ray cosmic rays n
ga cosmach
(astronomy) An energetic particle originating outside our solar system.
radaíocht chosmach
(astronomy) Cosmic radiation: a stream of cosmic rays.

cosmogony /kɑzˈmɑ.ɡə.ni/ /kɒzˈmɒɡ.ə.ni/ /kɔzˈmɔɡ.ə.ni/ cosmogonies n
bunús na cruinne
The study of the origin, and sometimes the development, of the universe or the solar system, in astrophysics, religion, and other fields.

cosmography cosmographies n
cosmagrafaíocht
The creation of maps of the universe.

cosmological adj
cosmeolaíoch
Of or pertaining to cosmology, or to the overall structure of the universe.

cost /ˈkɑst/ /ˈkɒst/ /ˈkɔst/ costs n
costas
Amount of money, time, etc. that is required or used.

cost /ˈkɑst/ /ˈkɒst/ /ˈkɔst/ v
cosain
(transitive, ditransitive) To incur a charge of; to require payment of a (specified) price.

cost-effective more cost-effective most cost-effective adj
cost-éifeachtúil
Returning a benefit that justifies the initial investment; economical.

cost-effectiveness cost-effectivenesses n
cost-éifeachtúlacht éifeachtúlacht chostais
The property of being cost-effective.

costliness costlinesses n
ardchostas costasacht daoire luachmhaireacht
The characteristic of being costly.

costly /ˈkɒst.li/ costlier costliest adj
costasach costasúil luachmhar
Of high cost; expensive.

costmary costmaries n
gormshúileach

cosy /ˈkoʊzi/ /ˈkəʊzi/ cosier cosiest adj
seascair
Affording comfort and warmth; snug; social.

cottage /ˈkɑtəd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑtɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɒtɪd͡ʒ/ [ˈkɑɾəd͡ʒ] [ˈkɑɾɪd͡ʒ] cottages n
teach beag teachín
A seasonal home of any size or stature, a recreational home or a home in a remote location.

cottage industry cottage industries n
tionscal baile tionscal tinteáin
A job or occupation carried out at home or on a part-time basis, historically often manufacturing work such as sewing, lacemaking, or spinning.

cotton /ˈkɑt.ən/ /ˈkɒt.ən/ [ˈkɑʔn̩] adj
cadáis
Made of cotton.

cotton /ˈkɑt.ən/ /ˈkɒt.ən/ [ˈkɑʔn̩] cottons n
cotún
cadás
Gossypium, a genus of plant used as a source of cotton fiber.
Any plant that encases its seed in a thin fiber that is harvested and used as a fabric or cloth.
Any fiber similar in appearance and use to Gossypium fiber.

cotton gin cotton gins n
inneall scartha cadáis scilligeoir
A machine used for separating cotton fibers from cotton seeds, etc.

cotton swab cotton swabs n
baitín cadáis
A small wad of cotton wrapped around the end of a small rod, made of wood, rolled paper, or plastic. The most common uses for cotton swabs include aural hygiene and cosmetics application.

cotton wool /ˈkɒtən wʊl/ cotton wools n
flocas cadáis olann chadáis

cottongrass /kɒt.n̩ ɡɹɑːs/ cottongrasses n
canach
Various species of plants of genus Eriophorum in the sedge family

couch /kaʊt͡ʃ/ couches n
tolg
(North America, Australia, Ireland) An item of furniture, often upholstered, for the comfortable seating of more than one person; a sofa.

couch grass /ˈkaʊt͡ʃˌɡɹæs/ /ˈkuːt͡ʃɡɹɑːs/ n
broimfhéar
A species of grass, Elymus repens, usually considered a weed.

cougar /ˈkuɡɚ/ /ˈkuːɡɑː/ /ˈkuːɡə/ [ˈkʰuɡɚ] [ˈkʰuːɡə] cougars n
púma
Puma concolor, a wild feline native to the Americas.

cough /kɑf/ /kɒf/ /kɔf/ /kɔːf/ coughs n
casacht
A sudden, often involuntary expulsion of air from the lungs through the glottis (causing a short, explosive sound), and out through the mouth.

cough /kɑf/ /kɒf/ /kɔf/ /kɔːf/ v
bí ag casacht déan casacht
Sometimes followed by up: to force (something) out of the lungs or throat by pushing air from the lungs through the glottis (causing a short, explosive sound), and out through the mouth.

cough drop cough drops n
losainn chasachta
A small, medicated tablet intended to be dissolved slowly in the mouth to relieve coughing symptoms temporarily.

coulometry coulometries n
cúlóiméadracht
(physics, chemistry) A technique in analytical chemistry in which the amount of substance released during electrolysis, and the amount of electricity used, are measured.

council estate council estates n
eastát comhairle eastát tithíochta comhairle
(UK) A housing estate consisting, entirely or principally, of council housing.

counsel /ˈkaʊn.səl/ counsel counsels n
airle
Advice; guidance.
abhcóide
A lawyer, as in King's Counsel (KC) or Queen's Counsel (QC).

count /kaʊnt/ counts n
cunta cuntaí
The male ruler of a county.
scór
(legal) A charge of misconduct brought in a legal proceeding.

count /kaʊnt/ v
ríomh comhair áirigh
(intransitive) To amount to, to number in total.

countenance /ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/ /ˈkaʊnt.nəns/ [kæũ̯n.tɪ̆.nəns] countenances n
gnúis
Appearance, especially the features and expression of the face.
Calm facial expression, composure, self-control.

counter /ˈkaʊn.tə/ /ˈkaʊn.tɚ/ [ˈkaʊ.ɾ̃ɚ] [ˈkʰaʊ̯.nɚ] [ˈkʰaʊ̯.ɾ̃ɚ] counters n
cuntar
A table or board on which money is counted and over which business is transacted
In a kitchen, a surface, often built into the wall and above a cabinet, designed to be used for food preparation.

counter-attack counter-attacks n
frithionsaí
An attack made in response to an attack by the opponents

counter-attack v
frithionsaigh
To attack in response to an attack by opponents.

counteraction counteractions n
frithbheart frithghníomh
Any action in opposition to a previous action.

countercharm countercharms n
frithortha
That which counteracts a charm; a counterspell.

counterclaim counterclaims n
frithéileamh
(legal) A suit filed by a defendant against a plaintiff secondary to the original complaint.

counterculture countercultures n
frithchultúr
Any culture whose values and lifestyles are opposed to those of the established mainstream culture, especially to Western culture.

counterfoil counterfoils n
comhdhuille
the part of a cheque that is retained in the chequebook as a record; a stub

counterforce counterforces n
frithfhórsa
A force that opposes another force.

countermarch countermarches n
frithmháirseáil
A march back along the same route

countermarch v
frithmháirseáil
To march back along the same route

counterpart /ˈkaʊntəˌpɑːt/ /ˈkaʊntɚˌpɑɹt/ counterparts n
leathcheann
Either of two parts that fit together, or complement one another.
cuntrapháirt cóip macasamhail
(legal) A duplicate of a legal document.
athghin leathbhreac leathcheann leithéid macasamhail
One who or that which resembles another.
macasamhail
One who or that which has corresponding functions or characteristics.

counterplea counterpleas n
frithagra
(law) A plea made in opposition to another.

counterproposal counterproposals n
fritairiscint frithmholadh
A proposal made as an alternative to another, earlier proposal.

counterrevolution counterrevolutions n
frithréabhlóid
A revolution aiming to reverse the political or social changes instigated by a previous revolution.

counterscarp counterscarps n
frithbhalla
(architecture) The outer slope of a defensive or fortified ditch

counterweight counterweights n
frithmheáchan
A heavy mass of often iron or concrete, mechanically linked in opposition to a load which is to be raised and lowered, with the intent of reducing the amount of work which must be done to effect the raising and lowering. Counterweights are used, for example, in cable-hauled elevators and some kinds of movable bridges (e.g. a bascule bridge).

countess /ˈkaʊntɪs/ countesses n
cuntaois
A woman holding the rank of count or earl in her own right; a female holder of an earldom.

country /ˈkaʊntɹi/ /ˈkɐntɹi/ /ˈkʌntɹi/ [ˈkʰʌnt̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷi] countries n
tír
The territory of a nation, especially an independent nation state or formerly independent nation; a political entity asserting ultimate authority over a geographical area; a sovereign state. [from 14th c.]
ceantar dúiche
A set region of land having particular human occupation or agreed limits, especially inhabited by members of the same race, speakers of the same language etc., or associated with a given person, occupation, species etc. [from 13th c.]
ceol tuaithe
Ellipsis of country music. [from 20th c.]

countryman /ˈkʌntɹimən/ countrymen countrywoman n
tuathánach
A country dweller, especially a follower of country pursuits.

countryside /ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/ countrysides n
taobh tíre tuath tír
An area located outside of towns and cities; an area that is not urban or suburban; a rural area.

county /ˈkaʊnti/ counties n
contae
(historical) The land ruled by a count or a countess.

county town county towns n
baile contae príomhbhaile contae
The administrative town of a county in Ireland or the United Kingdom.
A similar type of town in China.

couple /ˈkʌpəl/ couples n
cúpla ordphéire
Two of the same kind connected or considered together.
lánúin
Two partners in a romantic or sexual relationship.
cúpla
One of the pairs of plates of two metals which compose a voltaic battery, called a voltaic couple or galvanic couple.

courage /ˈkɝ.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkʌɹ.ɪdʒ/ /ˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ courages n
misneach sprid
The quality of being confident, not afraid or easily intimidated, but without being incautious or inconsiderate.

courageous /kəˈɹeɪd͡ʒəs/ more courageous most courageous adj
uchtúil

courageousness n
uchtúlacht
the state of being courageous

courgette /kɔɹˈʒɛt/ /kɔːˈʒɛt/ /kʊəˈʒɛt/ /kʊɚˈʒɛt/ courgettes n
cúirséad
(British, Ireland, uncountable) A particular variety of Cucurbita pepo, a small marrow/squash.

courier /ˈkɝ.i.ɚ/ /ˈkʊɹ.i.ɚ/ /ˈkʊɹ.ɪ.ə/ couriers n
eachlach
A person who delivers messages.

course /koəs/ /koɹs/ /koːɹs/ /kuːɹs/ /kɔɹs/ /kɔːs/ /kɜːs/ /kʊɹs/ courses n
cúrsa
A learning programme, whether a single class or (UK) a major area of study.
A stage of a meal.
réim
(especially in, _, medicine) A treatment plan.
réim slí
A path that something or someone moves along.

court /ko(ː)ɹt/ /koət/ /koːt/ /kɔɹt/ /kɔːt/ courts n
clós
An enclosed space; a courtyard; an uncovered area shut in by the walls of a building, or by different buildings; also, a space opening from a street and nearly surrounded by houses; a blind alley.
cúirt
The hall, chamber, or place, where justice is administered.
The persons officially assembled under authority of law, at the appropriate time and place, for the administration of justice; an official assembly, legally met together for the transaction of judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for the hearing or trial of cases.
(sports) A place arranged for playing the games of tennis, basketball, handball, badminton, volleyball, squash and some other games

courteous /ˈkɜːti.əs/ /ˈkɝti.əs/ more courteous most courteous adj
lách sibhialta
Showing regard or thought for others; especially, displaying good manners or etiquette.

courthouse /ˈkɔɹt.haʊs/ courthouses n
teach na cúirte
A public building housing courts of law.

courtier /ˈko(ː)ɹtiɚ/ /ˈkoətɪə/ /ˈkɔɹtiɚ/ /ˈkɔːtɪə/ courtiers n
cúirteoir
A person in attendance at a royal court.

courtliness courtlinesses n
cúirtiúlacht
The quality of being courtly; refinement of manners.

courtship /ˈkɔɹt.ʃɪp/ /ˈkɔːt.ʃɪp/ courtships n
cúirtéireacht suirí
The act of wooing a person to enter into a romantic relationship or marriage; hence, the period during which a couple fall in love before their marriage.

courtyard /ˈkɔɹt.jɑɹd/ /ˈkɔːt.jɑːd/ courtyards n
clós cúirt
An area, open to the sky, partially or wholly surrounded by walls or buildings.

couscous /ˈkus.kus/ /ˈkuːs.kuːs/ /ˈkʊs.kʊs/ couscouses n
cúscús
A pasta of North African origin made of crushed and steamed semolina.

cousin /ˈkʌz(ə)n/ /ˈkʌzn̩/ /ˈkʌzɪn/ [ˈkʰɐz.n̩] cousins n
col ceathrair col ceathar
(specifically) When used without a qualifying word: the child of a person's parent's brother (that is, an uncle) or sister (an aunt); a cousin-german, a first cousin.

covalent bond /koʊveɪlənt bɒnd/ covalent bonds n
nasc comhfhiúsach
(physical chemistry) A type of chemical bond where two atoms are connected to each other by the sharing of two or more electrons.

cove /koʊv/ /kəʊv/ coves n
cuainín
A small coastal inlet, especially one having high cliffs protecting vessels from prevailing winds. [from 16th c.]

coven /ˈkʌv.ən/ covens n
coibhín coibhín fia-chailleach
A formal group or assembly of witches.

cover /ˈkʌvə/ /ˈkʌvɚ/ covers n
araoid
clúdach cumhdach
A lid.
cumhdach
A cloth or similar material, often fitted, placed over an item such as a car or sofa or food to protect it from dust, rain, insects, etc. when not being used.
clúdach
(music) A new performance or rerecording of a previously recorded song; a cover version; a cover song.

cover /ˈkʌvə/ /ˈkʌvɚ/ v
cumhdaigh
(transitive) To place something over or upon, as to conceal or protect.
(transitive) To be over or upon, as to conceal or protect.
(military, law enforcement) To protect using an aimed firearm and the threat of firing; or to protect using continuous, heaving fire at or in the direction of the enemy so as to force the enemy to remain in cover; or to threaten using an aimed firearm.

cover note cover notes n
nóta árachais
A temporary insurance policy, used to provide cover while the main policy formalities are finalised.

cover up v
cumhdaigh
(idiomatic) To conceal or disguise.
(idiomatic) To clothe.

covering /ˈkʌvəɹɪŋ/ coverings n
cumhdach
(countable) That which covers or conceals; a cover; something spread or laid over or wrapped about another.

covert /koʊˈvɜɹt/ /ˈkoʊvɚt/ /ˈkəʊvəːt/ /ˈkʌvə/ /ˈkʌvət/ /ˈkʌvɚ/ /ˈkʌvɚt/ coverts n
mothar muine
A hiding place.
Area of thick undergrowth where animals hide.

covetous /ˈkʌvətəs/ more covetous most covetous adj
amplach amplúil antlásach maoinchíocrach santach
Distastefully keen or desirous, especially for something belonging to someone else; avaricious.

covetousness /ˈkʌvətəsnəs/ covetousnesses n
antlás
Immoderate desire for the possession of something, especially for wealth.

cow /kaʊ/ cattle cows kine n
bó
(loosely, or, informal) Any member of the species Bos taurus regardless of sex or age, including bulls and calves.
(biology) A female member of other large species of mammal, including the bovines, moose, whales, seals, hippos, rhinos, manatees, and elephants.
(derogatory, UK, AU, informal) A woman considered unpleasant in some way, particularly one considered nasty, stupid, fat, lazy, or difficult.

cow parsley n
peirsil bhó
Anthriscus sylvestris, a weedy biennial umbellifer native to the Old World.

cow's milk /kaʊ̯z.mɪlk/ /ˈkaʊ̯zˌmɛlk/ [ˈkʰaʊ̯zˌmɛɫkʰ] [ˈkʰaʊ̯zˌmɪɫkʰ] cow's milks n
bainne bó
A white liquid produced by the mammary glands of a cow, and used as food by humans.

coward /ˈkaʊəd/ /ˈkaʊɚd/ cowards n
cladhaire
A person who lacks courage.

cowardly /ˈkaʊədli/ cowardlier cowardliest more cowardly most cowardly adj
meata
Showing cowardice; lacking in courage; weakly fearful.

cowbell /ˈkaʊˌbɛl/ cowbells n
clog eallaigh
A bell worn by cows; sometimes with an ornate strap.
(musical instruments) A musical instrument, typically found without a clapper.

cowboy /ˈkaʊˌbɔɪ/ cowboys n
buachaill bó
A man who tends free-range cattle, especially in the American West.

cower /ˈkaʊə/ /ˈkaʊɚ/ v
creathnaigh cúb
(intransitive) To crouch or cringe, or to avoid or shy away from something, in fear.

cowherd cowherds n
aoire bó buachaill bó
A person who herds cattle; a cowboy.

cowled adj
cochallach
Wearing a cowl; hooded.

cowlick /ˈkaʊˌlɪk/ /ˈkælɪk/ cowlicks n
deisealán
An unruly lock or section of hair that sticks straight out from the skull or lies at an angle at odds with the rest of an individual's hair, like a whorl or vortex.

cowpat cowpats n
bualtrach
A dropping of cow dung.

cowpox cowpoxes n
bolgach bó
A pustular, eruptive skin disease of cattle caused by an Orthopoxvirus, with lesions occurring principally on the udder and teats. Human infection may occur from touching cows, and gives immunity to smallpox.

cowrie /ˈkaʊ.ɹi/ cowries n
fínicín
(by extension, dated) Any gastropod of the genus Cypraea; its shell.

cowshed cowsheds n
cró beithíoch bóitheach cró eallaigh
A shed for keeping cows.

cowslip /ˈkaʊ.slɪp/ cowslips n
bainne bó bleacht bainne bó bleachtáin
A low-growing plant, Primula veris, with yellow flowers.

coyote /kaɪˈ(j)oʊ.ɾi/ /kɔɪˈ(j)əʊt(ɪ)/ /kəˈjoʊ.ɾi/ /ˈkaɪ.(j)oʊt/ coyotes n
cadhóit
Canis latrans, a species of canine native to North America.

crab /kɹæb/ crabs n
portán
(uncountable) The meat of this crustacean, served as food; crabmeat.

crab louse crab lice n
míol ceartáin míol crúbach míol gríofa
A parasitic insect, Pthirus pubis, that lives amongst the pubic hairs of humans and feeds on blood.

crabapple /ˈkɹæbˌæpəl/ crabapples n
crann fia-úll fia-úll goirteog úll fiáin
The fruit of this tree.

crabhole crabholes n
abhach portán aice portán
a small burrow dug by a crab

crack /kɹæk/ cracks n
pléasc
(onomatopoeia) Any sharp sound.

crack /kɹæk/ v
pléasc
(intransitive) To make a cracking sound.
(transitive) To cause to make a sharp sound.

cradle /ˈkɹeɪdəl/ cradles n
cliabháin cliabhán
A bed or cot for a baby, oscillating on rockers or swinging on pivots.
cliabhán
A framework of timbers, or iron bars, moving upon ways or rollers, used to support, lift, or carry ships or other vessels, heavy guns, etc., as up an inclined plane, or across a strip of land, or in launching a ship.

craft /kɹæft/ /kɹɐːft/ /kɹɑːft/ craft crafts n
ceardaíocht
Ability, skilfulness, especially skill in making plans and carrying them into execution; dexterity in managing affairs, adroitness, practical cunning; ingenuity in constructing, dexterity [9th century].
ceardaíocht ceird
(countable, plural crafts) A branch of skilled work or trade, especially one requiring manual dexterity or artistic skill, but sometimes applied equally to any business, calling or profession; the skilled practice of a practical occupation [since the 9th century].
bád soitheach árthach
(countable, plural craft) A vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space [since the 17th century].

craft centre craft centres n
ionad ceardaíochta
A place, typically having one or more workshops, an exhibition gallery and a shop, where tourists may watch local craftsmen at work and buy examples of their craft

craftiness craftinesses n
lúbaireacht
Skill in deception, slyness.

craftsman /ˈkɹæftsmən/ /ˈkɹɐːftsmən/ /ˈkɹɑːftsmən/ craftsmen n
fear ceirde
One who is highly skilled at one's trade; an artisan or artificer.

crafty /ˈkɹæfti/ /ˈkɹɑːfti/ craftier craftiest adj
cleasach
Skillful at deceiving others.

crag /kɹæɡ/ crags n
creig
(Northern England) A rocky outcrop; a rugged steep cliff or rock.

craggy /ˈkɹæɡ.i/ craggier craggiest adj
alltrach creagach méirscreach sceilgeach speancach
Characterized by rugged, sharp, or coarse features.

cragsman /ˈkɹæɡzmən/ /ˈkɹæɡzmɛn/ /ˈkɹæɡzˌmɛn/ cragsmen n
ailleadóir
A (skillful) male climber of crags.

craic /kɹæk/ n
craic
(Irish) Fun, especially through enjoyable company, a pleasant conversation.

cramp /kɹæmp/ cramps n
féith-chrapadh
A painful contraction of a muscle which cannot be controlled.

cranberry /ˈkræn.b(ə).ri/ /ˈkɹæn.bɛr.i/ cranberries n
mónóg tom mónóg
(countable) The edible red berry of that shrub.

crane /kɹeɪn/ cranes n
corr corr mhóna grús
Any bird of the family Gruidae, large birds with long legs and a long neck which is extended during flight.
craein
A mechanical lifting machine or device, often used for lifting heavy loads for industrial or construction purposes.

cranefly /ˈkɹeɪnˌflaɪ/ craneflies n
snáthaid an diabhail snáthaid an phúca ruamann na gcoinneal galán
Any of various large flies of the suborder Tipulomorpha that have slender bodies and very long legs and that resemble giant mosquitoes.

cranial /ˈkɹeɪ.ni.əl/ adj
blaoisce cráiniach
(anatomy) Of or relating to the cranium, or to the skull.

crank /kɹæŋk/ cranks n
crangaid
A bent piece of an axle or shaft, or an attached arm perpendicular, or nearly so, to the end of a shaft or wheel, used to impart a rotation to a wheel or other mechanical device; also used to change circular into reciprocating motion, or reciprocating into circular motion.

cranky /ˈkɹæŋki/ crankier crankiest adj
cantalach
Grouchy, grumpy, irritable; easily upset.

crannog /ˈkɹænəɡ/ crannogs n
crannóg
An artificial island, used in prehistoric and medieval times in Scotland and Ireland for dwelling.

crash /kɹæʃ/ crashes n
pléasc
A sudden, intense, loud sound, as made for example by cymbals.

crash /kɹæʃ/ v
pléasc
(intransitive) To collide with something destructively, fall or come down violently.

crash cymbal crash cymbals n
ciombal plimpe
A cymbal that produces a loud, sharp crash, used for occasional accents.

crash land v
tabhair chun talún de thuairt tuirling de thuairt
To land an aircraft or spacecraft in an emergency, either in an inappropriate place or under dangerous conditions; usually results in damage to the craft and the possibility of loss of life.

crass /kɹæs/ crasser crassest adj
garbh gránna tútach
Coarse; crude; unrefined or insensitive; lacking discrimination (in the third sense of the word).

crater /ˈkɹeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɹeɪ.tɚ/ craters n
cráitéar
(astronomy) A hemispherical pit created by the impact of a meteorite or other object. [from 1831]
The pit left by the explosion of a mine or bomb. [from 1839]
cráitéar cráitéar bolcáin
(geology) The basin-like opening or mouth of a volcano, through which the chief eruption comes; similarly, the mouth of a geyser, about which a cone of silica is often built up. [from 1610s]

craven /ˈkɹeɪ.vən/ more craven most craven adj
meata
Unwilling to fight; lacking even the rudiments of courage; extremely cowardly.

craving /ˈkɹeɪ.vɪŋ/ cravings n
aimirne andúil anrachán dúil gabhair mearadh
A strong desire; yearning.

craw /kɹɔː/ craws n
prócar
The crop of a bird.

crawl /kɹoːl/ /kɹɑl/ /kɹɔl/ /kɹɔːl/ crawls n
lámhacán
The act of moving slowly on hands and knees, etc.

crawl /kɹoːl/ /kɹɑl/ /kɹɔl/ /kɹɔːl/ v
bí ag lámhacán
(transitive) To move over (an area) on hands and knees.

crayon /ˈkɹaʊn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ɑn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ɒn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ɒ̃/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ɔn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ən/ /ˈkɹæn/ [ˈkɹeən] [ˈkɹæɔn] [ˈkɹɛɔn] crayons n
crián
A stick of colored chalk or wax used for drawing.

crazy /ˈkɹeɪ.zi/ /ˈkɹæɪ̯zi/ crazier craziest adj
seafóideach
Of unsound mind; insane; demented. [from 17th c.]

crazy /ˈkɹeɪ.zi/ /ˈkɹæɪ̯zi/ crazies n
duine buile gealt
(slang, countable) An insane or eccentric person; a crackpot.

cream /kɹiːm/ adj
bánbhuí
Cream-coloured; having a yellowish white colour.

cream /kɹiːm/ creams n
uachtar
The butterfat/milkfat part of milk which rises to the top; this part when separated from the remainder.
bánbhuí uachtar
A yellowish white colour; the colour of cream.
ungadh uachtar
(medicine) A viscous aqueous oil/fat emulsion with a medicament added, used to apply that medicament to the skin. (compare with ointment)

cream cake cream cakes n
císte uachtair
Any of many varieties of cake that are either filled, layered or topped with any of several forms of cream or custard.

cream cheese cream cheeses n
cáis uachtair
A soft, mild-tasting, white cheese that comes from cow’s milk.

creamery creameries n
uachtarlann
A place where dairy products are prepared or sold.

creature /kɹiːˈeɪtjʊə/ /ˈkɹiːt͡ʃə/ /ˈkɹiːt͡ʃɚ/ creatures n
créatúr dúil
A living being, such as an animal, monster, or alien.

credibility /kɹɛd.ə.ˈbɪ.ɫɪ.ti/ credibilities n
inchreidteacht
Reputation impacting one's ability to be believed.
creidiúnacht
(legal) Believability of statements by a witness, as measured by whether the testimony is probable or improbable when judged by common experience.

credible /ˈkɹɛdəbəl/ more credible most credible adj
sochreidte
Believable or plausible.

credit /ˈkɹɛdɪt/ credits n
creidmheas
(uncountable, law, business, finance) A privilege of delayed payment extended to a buyer or borrower on the seller's or lender's belief that what is given will be repaid.

credit card credit cards n
cárta creidmheasa
(banking) A plastic card, usually with a magnetic strip or an embedded microchip, connected to a credit account and used to buy goods or services.

credit note credit notes n
nóta sochair
A commercial document issued by a seller to adjust downwards the amount of an invoice already issued, i.e. to cancel part or all of it.

creditor creditors n
cobhthach
(finance) A person to whom a debt is owed.

creek /kɹik/ /kɹiːk/ /kɹɪk/ [kɹiːk] [kɹɪk] creeks n
aircín camlinn caolán casla crompán cuas

creeper /ˈkɹipɚ/ creepers n
athair
Any plant (as ivy or periwinkle) that grows by creeping, especially a climbing plant of the genus Parthenocissus.

creepy /ˈkɹipi/ /ˈkɹiːpi/ creepier creepiest adj
aisteach fuarú
(informal) Producing an uneasy fearful sensation, as of things crawling over one's skin.

cremate /kɹəˈmeɪt/ /kɹɪˈmeɪt/ /ˈkɹimeɪt/ v
créam
(transitive) To incinerate a dead body (as an alternative to burial).

cremation /kɹɪˈmeɪʃən/ cremations n
créamadh
A burning; especially the act or practice of cremating the dead, burning a corpse.

crenellation /ˌkɹɛnəlˈeɪʃən/ /ˌkɹɛnəˈleɪʃən/ /ˌkɹɛnɪˈleɪʃən/ crenellations n
cíor lámhaigh
(countable, uncountable) A pattern along the top of a parapet (fortified wall), most often in the form of multiple, regular, rectangular spaces in the top of the wall, through which arrows or other weaponry may be shot, especially as used in medieval European architecture.

creole /ˈkɹi.əʊl/ /ˈkɹioʊl/ creoles n
fásteanga
(linguistics) A language formed from two or more languages which has developed from a pidgin to become a first language.

creosote /ˈkɹiːəˌsoʊt/ /ˈkɹiːəˌsəʊt/ creosotes n
créasóid
A similar brown liquid obtained from coal tar used as a wood preservative.

crescent moon crescent moons n
corrán gealaí
The Moon as it appears early in its first quarter or late in its last quarter, when only a small arc-shaped section of the visible portion is illuminated by the Sun.

crest /kɹɛst/ crests n
curca moing
A tuft, or other natural ornament, growing on an animal's head, for example the comb of a cockerel, the swelling on the head of a snake, the lengthened feathers of the crown or nape of bird, etc.
buaic capaill
The upper curve of a horse's neck.

cretin /ˈkɹiːtɪn/ /ˈkɹɛtɪn/ cretins n
creitín
(pathology) A person who fails to develop mentally and physically due to a congenital hypothyroidism. [from 1779]

crew /kɹu/ /kɹuː/ [kɹuʊ̯] crews n
foireann criú
A group of people (often staff) manning and operating a large facility or piece of equipment such as a factory, ship, boat, airplane, or spacecraft.

cricket /ˈkɹɪkɪt/ n
criogar píobaire an teallaigh píobaire gríosaí urchuil
An insect in the order Orthoptera, especially family Gryllidae, that makes a chirping sound by rubbing its wing casings against combs on its hind legs.
cruicéad
A variant of the game of darts. See Cricket (darts).

crime /kɹaɪm/ crimes n
coir cion
(countable) A specific act committed in violation of the law.

crime against humanity crimes against humanity n
coir in aghaidh na daonnachta
(now, chiefly, legal) A very destructive and immoral act; later specifically, something causing widespread human misery or loss of life; an atrocity. [from 17th c.]

criminal /ˈkɹɪm.ə.nəl/ /ˈkɹɪm.ɪ.nəl/ criminals n
coirpeach
A person who is guilty of a crime, notably breaking the law.

criminate v
coirigh
(transitive) To accuse (someone) of a crime; to incriminate. [from 17th c.]

crimson /ˈkɹɪmsən/ /ˈkɹɪmzən/ more crimson most crimson adj
corcairdhearg craorag
Having a deep red colour.

crimson /ˈkɹɪmsən/ /ˈkɹɪmzən/ crimsons n
corcairdhearg
A deep, slightly bluish red.

crinoline /ˈkɹɪnəlɪn/ crinolines n
cóta fonsaí
A stiff petticoat made from this fabric.

crisis /ˈkɹaɪsɪs/ crises n
aothú
(medicine) A sudden change in the course of a disease, usually at which point the patient is expected to either recover or die.

crisp /kɹɪsp/ crisper crispest adj
briosc
Brittle; friable; in a condition to break with a short, sharp fracture.
briosc úrbhriosc
Possessing a certain degree of firmness and freshness.
úr
(of weather, air etc.) Dry and cold.

crispbread crispbreads n
arán brioscánach
A type of flat, dry bread or cracker, usually baked of rye flour, popular in the Nordic countries.

critic /ˈkɹɪt.ɪk/ critics n
criticeoir léirmheastóir
A person who appraises the works of others.
A specialist in judging works of art.
cáinteoir
One who criticizes; a person who finds fault.

critical /ˈkɹɪt.ɪ.kəl/ [ˈkɹɪɾ.ɪ.kəl] more critical most critical adj
beachtaíoch breithiúnach
Inclined to find fault or criticize.
criticiúil cáinteach
Relating to criticism or careful analysis, such as literary or film criticism.
criticiúil
(physics) Of a temperature that is equal to the temperature of the critical point of a substance, i.e. the temperature above which the substance cannot be liquefied.

critical temperature critical temperatures n
teocht chriticiúil
(physics) The temperature at the critical point of a substance, i.e. the temperature above which the substance cannot be liquefied.

critical theory n
teoiric na critice
The examination and critique of society and literature, drawing from knowledge across social science and the humanities; (in particular) the original ideas developed by the Frankfurt School.

critical thinking n
gagnrýnin hugsun
The application of logical principles, rigorous standards of evidence, and careful reasoning to the analysis and discussion of claims, beliefs, and issues.

criticism /ˈkɹɪtɪsɪzəm/ criticisms n
beachtaíocht critic cáineadh léirmheastóireacht
(uncountable) The act of criticising; a critical judgment passed or expressed

criticize /ˈkɹɪtɪsaɪz/ v
beachtaigh cáin
To find fault (with something).
To evaluate (something), assessing its merits and faults.

critique /kɹɪˈtik/ /kɹɪˈtiːk/ critiques n
beachtaíocht
(countable) An essay in which another piece of work is criticised, reviewed, etc.

croak /kɹoʊk/ /kɹəʊk/ croaks n
grág
The call of a frog or toad. (see also ribbit)

crochet /kɹoʊˈʃeɪ/ crochets n
cróise cróiseáil obair chróise
Needlework made by looping thread with a hooked needle.

crochet /kɹoʊˈʃeɪ/ v
cróiseáil
(ambitransitive) To make (a piece of) needlework using a hooked needle; to make interlocking loops of thread.

crochet hook crochet hooks n
crúca cróise
A needle with a small hook at one end, used to make crochetwork (a type of hand-knitted textile).

crock /kɹɑk/ /kɹɒk/ /kɹɔk/ crocks n
gliogar
(UK) An old or broken-down vehicle (and formerly a horse or ewe).

crocodile /ˈkɹɑkədaɪl/ /ˈkɹɒkədaɪl/ [ˈkʰɹɑkədaɪɫ] crocodiles n
crogall
Any of the predatory amphibious reptiles of the family Crocodylidae; (loosely) a crocodilian, any species of the order Crocodilia, which also includes the alligators, caimans and gavials.

crocodile tear /ˈkɹɑ.kə.daɪl ˌtɪɹ/ /ˈkɹɒ.kə.daɪl ˌtɪə/ crocodile tears n
deoir bhréag deoir bhréagach
(idiomatic) A tear shed insincerely, in a false display of sorrow or some other emotion.
deoir bhréag deoir bhréagach deora bréige
(idiomatic, in the plural) A display of tears that is forced or false.

crocus /ˈkɹoʊ.kəs/ /ˈkɹəʊ.kəs/ croci crocus crocuses crocusses n
cróch
A perennial flowering plant (of the genus Crocus in the Iridaceae family). Saffron is obtained from the stamens of Crocus sativus.

croft /kɹɑft/ /kɹɒft/ /kɹɔft/ crofts n
crochta croit
An enclosed piece of land, usually small and arable and used for small-scale food production, and often with a dwelling next to it; in particular, such a piece of land rented to a farmer (a crofter), especially in Scotland, together with a right to use separate pastureland shared by other crofters.

croissant /k(ɹ)waˈsɑ̃/ /k(ɹ)wɑˈsɑ̃/ /kwə-/ /kɹɘˈsɔnt/ /kɹə-/ /kɹəˈsɑnt/ /kɹəˈsɔnt/ /ˈk(ɹ)wæsɒ̃/ /ˈk(ɹ)wɑːsɒ̃/ /ˈk(ɹ)wʌsɒ̃/ croissants n
croissant
A flaky roll or pastry in a form of a crescent.

cromlech /ˈkɹɑmlɛk/ /ˈkɹɒmlɛk/ cromlechs n
liagchiorcal
A dolmen or ancient underground tomb in Wales, usually made with stones disposed in a circular shape.

crone /kɹoʊn/ /kɹəʊn/ crones n
seanchailleach
An ugly, evil-looking, or frightening old woman; a hag.
ruacán caillí seanchailleach
(obsolete) An old man, especially one who talks and acts like an old woman.

crook /kɹuːk/ /kɹʉk/ /kɹʊk/ crooks n
bachall caimín camóg crúca
A specialized staff with a semi-circular bend (a "hook") at one end used by shepherds to control their herds.
bithiúnach
A person who steals, lies, cheats or does other dishonest or illegal things; a criminal.

crooked /ˈkɹʊkɪd/ more crooked most crooked adj
bacánach
cam
Not straight; having one or more bends or angles.

crookedness crookednesses n
caimiléireacht
The state of being crooked

crop /kɹɑp/ /kɹɒp/ crops n
barr
(agriculture) A plant, grown for it, or its fruits or seeds, to be harvested as food, livestock fodder, or fuel or for any other economic purpose.
The natural production for a specific year, particularly of plants.
(figurative) A group, cluster or collection of things occurring at the same time.
crann fuipe fuip mharcaíochta
An entire short whip, especially as used in horse-riding.
bearradh dlúth bearradh gairid gruaige
A short haircut.
prócar
(anatomy) A pouch-like part of the alimentary tract of some birds (and some other animals), used to store food before digestion or for regurgitation.

crop /kɹɑp/ /kɹɒp/ v
bearr
(transitive) To remove the outer parts of a photograph or other image, typically in order to frame the subject better.

crop circle crop circles n
fáinne arbhair
An area in a field of crops where the stalks have been flattened into a circle or other geometric shape, performed as a prank or sometimes ascribed to UFO activity etc.

crosier /ˈkɹoʊʒɚ/ /ˈkɹəʊzi.ə/ /ˈkɹəʊʒə/ crosiers n
bachall
A staff with a hooked end similar to a shepherd's crook, or with a cross at the end, carried by an abbot, bishop, or archbishop as a symbol of office.

cross /kɹɑs/ /kɹɒs/ /kɹɔs/ crosses n
crois
A geometrical figure consisting of two straight lines or bars intersecting each other such that at least one of them is bisected by the other.
(heraldiccharge) Any geometric figure having this or a similar shape, such as a cross of Lorraine or a Maltese cross.
(Christianity) The Crucifix, the cross on which Christ was crucified.
(Christianity) A hand gesture made in imitation of the shape of the Cross; sign of the Cross.
A place where roads intersect and lead off in four directions; a crossroad (common in UK and Irish place names such as Gerrards Cross).
cros crois
A wooden post with a perpendicular beam attached and used (especially in the Roman Empire) to execute criminals (by crucifixion).
ciotóg trasna deasóg trasna
(boxing) A hook thrown over the opponent's punch.

cross /kɹɑs/ /kɹɒs/ /kɹɔs/ v
téigh trasna
(football) To pass the ball from one side of the pitch to the other side.
crosáil
(biology) To cross-fertilize or crossbreed.

cross oneself v
coisric thú féin
(Christianity) To make the sign of the cross.

cross- prefix
tras-
Shaped like a cross or X; crossing lines.
Mutual exchange or influence, where both entities are affected in the same way. Mutuality.

cross-bench /ˈkɹɒsbɛnt͡ʃ/ cross-benches n
binse trasna
(UK politics) A bench placed perpendicular to others, especially certain such benches in the House of Lords on which independent or neutral members traditionally sit.

cross-dress /ˈkɹɒsˈdɹɛs/ /ˈkɹɔsˈdɹɛs/ v
trasghléas
To wear clothes typically associated with the opposite sex.

cross-dressing v
trasghléasadh
wearing clothes of the opposite gender

cross-examination cross-examinations n
croscheistiú
(legal) The interrogation or questioning of a witness by the party against whom they have been called and examined, in an attempt to prove or reveal something false or untold during direct examination.

cross-eyed more cross-eyed most cross-eyed adj
claonsúileach

cross-fertilize v
cros-toirchigh
To undergo (or cause to undergo) cross-fertilization.

cross-grained adj
cros-snáitheach
(of timber) Having an irregular rather than a parallel grain.

cross-halving joint cross-halving joints n
crosalt
(carpentry) A joint used for intermediate framework where half the thickness is removed from both pieces of timber where they cross.

cross-link cross-links n
trasnasc
(chemistry) A covalent bond (or series of bonds) between adjacent chains of a polymer

cross-member cross-members n
ball trasna
A beam lying crosswise; a rail.

cross-pollination cross-pollinations n
crosphailniú cóimheascadh
(figurative) Inspiration, stimulation, or influence between diverse elements.

cross-question cross-questions n
croscheist
a question asked during a cross-examination

cross-question v
croscheistigh
(transitive) to subject to close questioning.

cross-reference cross-references n
crostagairt
A reference or direction in one place in a book or other source of information to information at another place in the same work.

crossbar crossbars n
trasnán
Any transverse bar or piece, such as a bar across a door, or the iron bar or stock which passes through the shank of an anchor.

crossbeam crossbeams n
bíoma trasna
A horizontal structural beam that runs perpendicular to the primary support beams; a girder.

crossbow /ˈkɹɒsbəʊ/ crossbows n
crosbhogha
A mechanised weapon, based on the bow and arrow, that shoots bolts.

crossbowman crossbowmen n
crosbhoghdóir
Someone (usually a soldier) equipped with a crossbow.

crossbreed /ˈkɹɑːsˌbɹiːd/ v
crosphóraigh
(intransitive) To mate so as to produce a hybrid; interbreed.

crosscut saw crosscut saws n
cros-sábh
(forestry, logging) A saw used to cut wood across the grain.

crosse crosses n
crosóg
A lacrosse stick.

crosshatch v
tras-haitseáil
To mark or fill with a crosshatch pattern.

crosshead crossheads n
croscheann
(mechanical engineering) A metal beam that connects a piston to a connecting rod in an engine.

crossing /ˈkɹɑsɪŋ/ /ˈkɹɒsɪŋ/ /ˈkɹɔsɪŋ/ /ˈkɹɔːsɪŋ/ crossings n
crosaire trasbhealach trasrian
A place at which a river, railroad, or highway may be crossed.

crossover crossovers n
crosmhalartú
(genetics) The result of the exchange of genetic material during meiosis.

crosspiece crosspieces n
trasna trasnán
A horizontal or transverse beam or similar member that extends across or perpendicular to something.

crossroads crossroads n
crosaire crosbhealach crosbhóthar
(by analogy) A decision point; a turning point or opportunity to change direction, course, or goal.

crosswalk crosswalks n
trasrian coisithe trasrian síogach
(US) A point designated for pedestrians to cross a street.

crossword /ˈkɹɒswɜː(ɹ)d/ crosswords n
crosfhocal
(games, puzzles) A word puzzle in which interlocking words are entered usually horizontally and vertically into a grid based on clues given for each word.

crotch /kɹɑt͡ʃ/ /kɹɒt͡ʃ/ crotches n
gabhal
The area where something forks or branches, a ramification takes place.
The ventral area (very bottom) of the human body between where the legs fork from the torso, in the area of the genitals and anus.

crotchet /ˈkɹɑt͡ʃ.ɪt/ /ˈkɹɒtʃ.ɪt/ crotchets n
ceathrú nóta croisín
(music) A musical note one beat long in 4/4 time.

croup /kɹuːp/ n
tochtán
(pathology) An infectious illness of the larynx, especially in young children, causing respiratory difficulty.

crow /kɹoʊ/ /kɹəʊ/ crows n
caróg préachán
Any of various dark-coloured nymphalid butterflies of the genus Euploea.

crow /kɹoʊ/ /kɹəʊ/ v
gíog
(intransitive) To make the shrill sound characteristic of a rooster; to make a sound in this manner, either in gaiety, joy, pleasure, or defiance.

crow's feet n
crúb ghé
Wrinkles at the outer corners of the eye.

crow's nest crow's nests n
crannóg
(nautical) A small open-top shelter, originally a cask, on the top of the foremast, large enough to accommodate a lookout. It was used by whalers to watch for a blow (spout), or in icebound waters to seek a channel.

crowd /kɹaʊd/ crowds n
dream slua
A group of people congregated or collected into a close body without order.
A group of people united or at least characterised by a common interest.

crowded /ˈkɹaʊdɪd/ more crowded most crowded adj
plódaithe
Containing too many of something; teeming.

crowdfunding crowdfundings n
slua-mhaoiniú
(finance) Funding by many individuals pooling their money together for a common goal, usually via the Internet.

crown /kɹaʊn/ crowns n
coróin
A royal, imperial or princely headdress; a diadem.
(historical) A former predecimalization British coin worth five shillings.
(dentistry) A prosthetic covering for a tooth.
baithis mullach
The topmost part of the head.
(religion) A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure.

crown of thorns /ˌkɹaʊn əv ˈθɔːnz/ crowns of thorns n
Coróin Spíne
(Christianity) The crown made of a thorny plant that Christ was forced to wear before his Crucifixion, in mocking reference to his alleged status as ‘king of the Jews’, or a representation of this. [from 10th c.]

crown princess crown princesses n
banphrionsa choróin
The heiress apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy.

crown witness crown witnesses n
finné na corónach

crowned crane crowned cranes n
grús corónach
Either of two species of crane of the genus Balearica (Black Crowned Crane, Balearica pavonina and Grey Crowned Crane, Balearica regulorum) from sub-Saharan Africa.

crucifixion /ˌkɹuːsɪˈfɪkʃən/ crucifixions n
crochadh céasadh
(Christianity, often, capitalized) The death of Jesus Christ on the Cross.
An execution by being nailed or tied to an upright cross and left to hang there until dead.

cruciform adj
crosdealbhach
Having the shape of a cross.

crude /kɹuːd/ /kɹʉd/ cruder crudest adj
amhlabhrach
tútach
Lacking tact or taste.

crude oil crude oils n
amhola
Unrefined oil; as it is found underground, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons.

cruel /kɹuːl/ /kɹʊəl/ /ˈkɹuːəl/ crueler cruelest crueller cruellest more cruel most cruel adj
ainiochtach cruálach danartha daordhálach neamhdhuineata turcánta
Intentionally causing or reveling in pain and suffering; merciless, heartless.

cruelty /ˈkɹuː(ə)lti/ cruelties n
ainiocht cruáil cruálacht danarthacht neamhdhuineatacht turcántacht
(uncountable) An indifference to suffering or pleasure in inflicting suffering.

cruise /kɹuːz/ cruises n
aistear mara turas mara
A sea or lake voyage, especially one taken for pleasure.

crumb /kɹʌm/ crumbs n
bruscar grabhróg
A small piece which breaks off from baked food (such as cake, biscuit or bread).
croí
The soft internal portion of bread, surrounded by crust.

crumple /ˈkɹʌmpəl/ v
crap
(transitive) To cause to collapse.

crusader /kɹuˈseɪdɚ/ /kɹuːˈseɪdə/ crusaders n
crosáidí
(historical) A fighter or participant in the medieval Crusades.
agóideoir
(figurative) A person engaged in a crusade.

crush /kɹʌʃ/ v
meil
To press between two hard objects; to squeeze so as to alter the natural shape or integrity, or to force together into a mass.
To reduce to fine particles by pounding or grinding.

crustacean /kɹʌsˈteɪʃən/ crustacea crustaceans n
crústach
Any arthropod of the subphylum Crustacea, including lobsters, crabs, shrimp, barnacles and woodlice.

crutch /kɹʌt͡ʃ/ crutches n
bata croise croisín maide croise
A device to assist in motion as a cane, especially one that provides support under the arm to reduce weight on a leg.

crwth /kɹuːθ/ /kɹuθ/ crwths n
cruit
(historical) An archaic stringed instrument associated particularly with Wales, though once played widely in Europe, and characterized by a vaulted back and enough space for the player to stop each of the six strings on the fingerboard. Played variously by plucking or bowing.

cry /kɹaɪ̯/ cries n
goil
A shedding of tears; the act of crying.

cry /kɹaɪ̯/ v
caoin goil
(intransitive) To shed tears; to weep.

cry over spilt milk v
níl maith sa seanchas nuair a bhíos an anachain déanta
To worry about unfortunate events which have already happened and which cannot be changed.

cryo- /ˈkɹaɪoʊ/ /ˈkɹʌɪəʊ/ prefix
crió-
cold, freezing

cryogenic /ˌkɹaɪoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ /ˌkɹaɪəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ more cryogenic most cryogenic adj
crióigineach
Of, relating to, or performed at low temperatures.

cryoturbation cryoturbations n
reo-chumhscú
(geology) Any of several forms of disturbances within soils and subsoils as a result of freeze–thaw processes in periglacial conditions

cryptography /kɹɪpˈtɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ [kɹ̥ɪpˈtʰɒɡɹəfiː] cryptographies n
cripteagrafaíocht
The discipline concerned with communication security (eg, confidentiality of messages, integrity of messages, sender authentication, non-repudiation of messages, and many other related issues), regardless of the used medium such as pencil and paper or computers.

crystal /ˈkɹɪstəl/ crystals n
criostal
(countable) A solid composed of an array of atoms or molecules possessing long-range order and arranged in a pattern which is periodic in three dimensions.
(countable) A piece of glimmering, shining mineral resembling ice or glass.
(uncountable) A fine type of glassware, or the material used to make it.
The glass over the dial of a watch case.

crystal lattice crystal lattices n
laitís chriostail
(crystallography) A regular three-dimensional geometric arrangement of atoms, molecules or ions in a crystal

crystalline /ˈkɹɪs.tə.lɪn/ /ˈkɹɪs.təˌlaɪn/ /ˈkɹɪs.təˌliːn/ more crystalline most crystalline adj
criostalach criostalta
Of, relating to, or composed of crystals.

crystallization crystallizations n
criostalú
The act or process by which a substance in solidifying assumes the form and structure of a crystal, or becomes crystallized.
The formation of a solid from a solution, melt, vapour or from a different solid phase
criostalúchán
The body formed by crystallizing.

crystallography n
criostalagrafaíocht
The experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids.

crystalloid crystalloids n
criostaloideach
(physical chemistry) Any substance that can be crystallized from solution; a water-soluble crystalline substance that can diffuse through a semipermeable membrane, as opposed to a colloid which cannot.

crêpe paper crêpe papers n
páipéar síprise
A thin, crinkled tissue paper, often coloured, used for decoration.

cube /kjub/ /kjuːb/ cubes n
ciúb
(geometry) A regular polyhedron having six identical square faces.
Any object more or less in the form of a cube.
(mathematics) The third power of a number, value, term or expression.

cube /kjub/ /kjuːb/ v
ciúbaigh
(transitive, arithmetic) To raise to the third power; to determine the result of multiplying by itself twice.
(transitive) To form into the shape of a cube.
(transitive) To cut into cubes.

cubic /ˈkju.bɪk/ /ˈkjuː.bɪk/ adj
ciúbach
(geometry) Used in the names of units of volume formed by multiplying a unit of length by itself twice.
(algebraic geometry) Of a class of polynomial of the form ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d
(crystallography) Having three equal axes and all angles 90°.

cubicle /ˈkjubɪkəl/ cubicles n
cubhachail
A small separate part or one of the compartments of a room, especially in a work environment.
seomra gléasta
A small enclosure at a swimming pool etc. used to provide personal privacy when changing.

cubism /ˈkjuː.bɪz.əm/ cubisms n
ciúbachas
(often, capitalized) An artistic movement in the early 20th Century characterized by the depiction of natural forms as geometric structures of planes. [from 1900s]

cuckoo /ˈkuː.kuː/ /ˈkʊk.uː/ cuckoos n
cuach
A person who inveigles themselves into a place where they should not be (used especially in the phrase a cuckoo in the nest).

cuckoo clock cuckoo clocks n
clog cuaiche
A clock that announces the time (hours and quarter hours) by a cuckoo sound, often equipped with a small cuckoo automaton.

cucumber /ˈkaʊˌkʌmbəɹ/ /ˈkjuːˌkʌmbə/ /ˈkjuːˌkʌmbɚ/ cucumbers n
cúcamar
The edible fruit of this plant, having a green rind and crisp white flesh.

cud /kʌd/ cuds n
cíor
The portion of food which is brought back into the mouth by ruminating animals from their first stomach, to be chewed a second time.

cuddle /ˈkʌd.l̩/ v
deasaigh isteach (le)
(intransitive) To embrace affectionately; to lie together snugly.

cudgel /ˈkʌd͡ʒəl/ cudgels n
cleith smachtín
A short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon.

cue /kɪu̯/ /ˈkjuː/ [cj̊uː] [kj̊ʉː] cues n
cú
The name of the Latin-script letter Q/q.
ciú
(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) A straight tapering stick used to hit the balls in various games.

cuff /kʌf/ v
cufa
(transitive) To furnish with cuffs.

cufflink /ˈkʌflɪŋk/ cufflinks n
lúibín cufa
A button or stud used to hold a sleeve cuff together.

culottes /kjuːˈlɒts/ n
culataí
A type of loose shorts which look like a skirt; a divided skirt.

culprit /ˈkʌlpɹɪt/ culprits n
ciontach
The person or thing at fault for a problem or crime.

cult /kʌlt/ /ˈkɒlt/ /ˈkʊlt/ [kʰʌlt] cults n
cultas
The veneration, devotion, and religious rites given to a deity (especially in a historical polytheistic context), or (in a Christian context) to a saint.

cult of personality cults of personality n
cultas pearsan
A situation where a leader (often a dictator) has been idolized and made into a national or group icon and is revered as a result.

cultic adj
cultach cultais
cultish, cultlike, relating to (the methods of) cults (type of sect)

cultivar /ˈkʌltɪvɑɹ/ cultivars n
saothróg
A cultivated (not necessarily botanical) variety of a plant species or hybrid of two species. [from 1923]

cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ v
saothraigh
To grow plants, notably crops.
rómhair
To turn or stir soil in preparation for planting or as a method of weed control between growing crop plants.

cultivation /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/ cultivations n
saothrú
The art or act of cultivating (improvement of land for or by agriculture), as:

cultural appropriation /ˈkʌlt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl əˌpɹoʊpɹiˈeɪʃən/ cultural appropriations n
leithghabháil chultúrtha
(sociology) The exploitative or oppressive cooption of elements of one culture by members of a different culture.

cultural center cultural centers n
ionad cultúir
An organization, building or complex that promotes culture and arts.

culture /ˈkʌlt͡ʃə/ /ˈkʌlt͡ʃɚ/ cultures n
cultúr
The arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation.
(euphemism) Ethnicity, race (and its associated arts, customs, etc.)

cuneiform /kjuˈneɪ.ɪ.fɔɹm/ /kjuˈni.ə.fɔɹm/ /kjʊˈneɪ.ɪ.fɔːm/ /ˈkju.nɪ.fɔɹm/ /ˈkjuː.ni.ɪ.fɔːm/ /ˈkjuː.nɪ.fɔːm/ adj
dingchruthach
Having the form of a wedge; wedge-shaped, especially with a tapered end.

cunning /ˈkʌnɪŋ/ more cunning most cunning adj
glic
Sly; crafty; clever in surreptitious behaviour.

cunt /kʌnt/ [-ʔ] [kʰʌ̃nt] cunts n
pit
(vulgar, countable) The female genitalia, especially the vulva.

cup /kʊp/ /kʌp/ cups n
cupán
A concave vessel for drinking, usually made of opaque material (as opposed to a glass) and with a handle.
A customary unit of measure

cup of tea /ˈkʌp əv ˈtiː/ /ˌkʌp ə ˈtiː/ cups of tea n
cupán tae
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see cup,‎ tea. A cup or mug with tea in it.
(bingo) three

cupboard /ˈkʌb.əd/ /ˈkʌb.ɚd/ /ˈkʌp.boɹd/ cupboards n
almóir cupard prios
A cabinet, closet, or other piece of furniture with shelves intended for storing cookware, dishware, or food; similar cabinets or closets used for storing other items.

cupboard love n
grá don ailp grá na hailpe
Insincere (and usually fickle) love pretended in the hope of gaining something useful in exchange.

cupcake /ˈkʌpkeɪk/ cupcakes n
borróg cístín cupa
A small cake baked in a usually paper container shaped like a cup, often with icing on top.

cupel /ˈkjuːpəl/ cupels n
cupa
A small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead.

cupful cupfuls cupsful n
lán cupáin
The amount necessary to fill a cup.

cupping glass cupping glasses n
gibne
(archaic, medicine) A glass vessel used in cupping.

cur /kɜː/ /kɝ/ curs n
amhsán amhsóg
(dated, or, humorous) A contemptible or inferior dog.
draoidín maistín suarachán
(dated, or, humorous) A detestable person.

curator /kjʊəˈɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ curators n
coimeádaí
A person who manages, administers or organizes a collection, either independently or employed by a museum, library, archive or zoo.

curd /kɜː(ɹ)d/ curds n
gruth
The part of milk that coagulates when it sours or is treated with enzymes; used to make cottage cheese, dahi, etc.

cure /kjuːɹ/ /kjɔː/ /kjɝ/ /kjʉːɹ/ /kjʊə/ /kjʊɹ/ /kɜː(ɹ)/ cures n
leigheas
A method, device or medication that restores good health.

cure /kjuːɹ/ /kjɔː/ /kjɝ/ /kjʉːɹ/ /kjʊə/ /kjʊɹ/ /kɜː(ɹ)/ v
leasaigh
(transitive) To prepare or alter, especially by chemical or physical processing for keeping or use.

curer /ˈkjɔːɹə/ /ˈkjɝɚ/ /ˈkjʊəɹə/ /ˈkjʊɹɚ/ curers n
leasaitheoir saillteoir
A person who, or device which preserves food by curing.

curiosity killed the cat proverb
fios a mharaigh an cat
One should not be curious about things that can be dangerous.

curious /-i.ɪs/ /ˈkjɔː-/ /ˈkjɚ.i.əs/ /ˈkjʊ.ɹi.əs/ /ˈkjʊ.ɹəs/ /ˈkjʊə.ɹi.əs/ curiouser curiousest more curious most curious adj
fiosrach
Tending to ask questions, or to want to explore or investigate; inquisitive; (with a negative connotation) nosy, prying.
aisteach
Leading one to ask questions about; somewhat odd, out of the ordinary, or unusual.

curium /ˈkjʊəɹiəm/ n
ciúiriam
A highly fissile transuranic chemical element (symbol Cm) with an atomic number of 96.

curl /kɜɹl/ /kɜːl/ [kʰəːɫ] [kʰɝɫ] curls n
coirnín cuach
A curving piece or lock of hair; a ringlet.

curl up v
déan ceirtlín díot féin
(intransitive) to shape one's body into a somewhat ball-like shape, with one's legs tucked into the abdomen, especially for cosiness or for protection.

curled dock curled docks n
copóg chatach
Rumex crispus

curled octopus curled octopi curled octopuses curled octopusses n
ochtapas beag ochtapas adharcach
A common European species of octopus (Eledone cirrhosa) whose tentacles are usually kept curled.

curlew /ˈkɜːlju/ /ˈkɜːlu/ /ˈkɝlu/ curlews n
crotach cuirliún
Any of several migratory wading birds in the genus Numenius of the family Scolopacidae, remarkable for their long, slender, downcurved bills.

curlew sandpiper curlew sandpipers n
gobadáinín crotaigh
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris ferruginea)

curliness n
cataíl
The state of being curly

curling /ˈkəɹlɪŋ/ /ˈkɜː(ɹ)lɪŋ/ curlings n
curláil
(uncountable) A winter sport where players aim and slide stones down a sheet of ice and attempt to get their color stones closest to the house (a circular target marked on the ice).

curly /ˈkɜːli/ /ˈkɝli/ curlier curliest adj
casta catach coirníneach
Having curls.

curly /ˈkɜːli/ /ˈkɝli/ curlies n
catachán
a person or animal with curly hair.

curly bracket curly brackets n
lúibín slabhrach
Either { or }, having various uses in math, music, computer programming and chemistry.

curlyhead curlyheads n
catachán catóg
A person with curly hair.

currant /ˈkɝənt/ /ˈkʌɹənt/ currants n
cuirín
A small dried grape, usually the Black Corinth grape, rarely more than 4 mm in diameter when dried.
The fruit of various shrubs of the genus Ribes, white, black or red.

currency /ˈkɝ.ən.si/ /ˈkʌɹ.ən.si/ currencies n
airgead airgead reatha airgeadra
Money or other items used to facilitate transactions.

current /ˈkɝ.ənt/ /ˈkɝ.ɪnt/ /ˈkʌɹ.ənt/ /ˈkʌɹ.ɪnt/ currents n
sruth
The part of a fluid that moves continuously in a certain direction, especially (oceanography) short for ocean current.

current account current accounts n
cuntas reatha
(British, Ireland, banking) An account at a bank which is used for daily transactions.

curry /ˈkɝ.i/ /ˈkʌɹ.i/ curries n
curaí
One of a family of dishes originating from Indian cuisine, flavoured by a spiced sauce
anlann curaí curaí
A spiced sauce or relish, especially one flavoured with curry powder

curry /ˈkɝ.i/ /ˈkʌɹ.i/ v
cíor
(transitive) To groom (a horse); to dress or rub down a horse with a curry comb.
leasaigh
(transitive) To dress (leather) after it is tanned by beating, rubbing, scraping and colouring.
(transitive) To beat, thrash; to drub.

curry comb /ˈkəɹiˌkoʊm/ /ˈkʌɹiˌkəʊm/ curry combs n
cíor chapaill
A flat comb used to brush down a horse.

curry paste curry pastes n
leafaos curaí

curry powder curry powders n
púdar curaí
A mixture of spices, usually including turmeric, commonly used in Asian-style cooking.

curse /kɜːs/ /kɝs/ curses n
mallacht
A supernatural detriment or hindrance; a bane.
oirbhire
A prayer or imprecation that harm may befall someone.
eascaine mionn mór
A vulgar epithet.

curt /kɜːt/ /kɝt/ curter curtest adj
gearr-abartha gearrbhéalach
Brief or terse, especially to the point of being rude.

curtailment curtailments n
laghdú
The act of curtailing.

curtain /ˈkɜɹt(ə)n/ /ˈkɜːtn̩/ [ˈkʰɜɹʔn̩] curtains n
cuirtín
A piece of cloth covering a window, bed, etc. to offer privacy and keep out light.
brat
A similar piece of cloth that separates the audience and the stage in a theater.

curtilage /ˈkɜːtɪlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɝtəlɪd͡ʒ/ curtilages n
cúirtealáiste
(legal) The area immediately surrounding a house, especially dooryard areas and sometimes including closely associated buildings and structures.

curtsey /ˈkɜːtsɪ/ /ˈkɝtsɪ/ curtseys curtsies n
umhlú
A small bow, generally performed by a woman or a girl, where she crosses the shin of one leg behind the calf of her other leg and briefly bends her knees and lowers her body in deference.

curvaceous /-ʃəs/ /kɚˈveɪ.ʃɪs/ more curvaceous most curvaceous adj
dea-chumtha
(of a, woman) Having shapely and voluptuous curves; curvy.

curvature /ˈkɝ.və.t͡ʃɚ/ curvatures n
cuaire
The shape of something curved.

curve /kɚv/ /kɜːv/ [ˈkʰɚv] [ˈkʰɜːv] curves n
cuar
A gentle bend, such as in a road.
A simple figure containing no straight portions and no angles; a curved line.
(geometry) A one-dimensional figure of non-zero length; the graph of a continuous map from a one-dimensional space.

curve /kɚv/ /kɜːv/ [ˈkʰɚv] [ˈkʰɜːv] v
cuar
(transitive) To bend; to crook.
cas cor cuar lúb
(intransitive) To bend or turn gradually from a given direction.

curved /kɜːvd/ /kɝːvd/ more curved most curved adj
cuar cuarach cuartha
Having a curve or curves; curving.

cushion /ˈkʊʃən/ cushions n
adhartán cúisín
A soft mass of material stuffed into a cloth bag, used for comfort or support.
cúisín
(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) The lip around a table in cue sports which absorbs some of the impact of the billiard balls and bounces them back.
pillín stuáil
Something acting as a cushion, especially to absorb a shock or impact.

cusp /kʌsp/ cusps n
cuspa
A sharp point or pointed end.
(figuratively) An important moment when a decision is made that will determine future events.
(geometry) A point of a curve where the curve is continuous but has no derivative, but such that it has a derivative at every nearby point.
(astrology) A boundary between zodiacal signs and houses.
(dentistry) Any of the pointed parts of a canine tooth or molar.

custard /ˈkʌs.təd/ /ˈkʌs.tɚd/ custards n
custard
(by extension) A similar sauce made from milk and cornflour or custard powder (and usually sugar, and sometimes vanilla or other flavourings) and thickened by heat.

custody /ˈkʌstədiː/ custodies n
cumhdach
Temporary possession or care of somebody else's property.

custom /ˈkʌstəm/ customs n
béas cleachtadh gnás nós
Frequent repetition of the same behavior; way of behavior common to many; ordinary manner; habitual practice; method of doing, living or behaving.
custam
(dated, outside, UK) Habitual buying of goods from one same vendor.

custom house custom houses n
teach custaim
An official building, in a port, where customs are collected and shipping is cleared for entry and exit

customarily more customarily most customarily adv
iondúil
(manner) In the customary manner; as is custom

customary /ˈkʌs.tə.m(ə.)ɹi/ /ˈkʌs.təˌmɛɹ.i/ more customary most customary adj
gnásúil iondúil
In accordance with, or established by, custom or common usage.

customer /ˈkʌstəmə/ /ˈkʌstəmɚ/ customers n
custaiméir
A patron, a client; one who purchases or receives a product or service from a business or merchant, or intends to do so.

customer service n
seirbhís chustaiméirí
The act of providing services to customers before, during and after a purchase.

customs /ˈkʌs.təmz/ customs n
custam
(in the plural) The duties or taxes imposed on imported or exported goods.

customs declaration customs declarations n
dearbhú custaim
A statement giving the details and value of goods being imported or exported, usually required for the purpose of assessing customs duty.

cut /kʊt/ /kʌt/ v
bain
To divide with a knife, scissors, or another sharp instrument.
gearr
To perform an incision on, for example with a knife.

cute /kjuːt/ /kɪu̯t/ cuter cutest adj
galánta gleoite álainn
Lovable, charming, attractive or pleasing, especially in a youthful, dainty, quaint or fun-spirited way.
glic
Mentally keen or discerning (See also acute)

cuticle /ˈkjuːtɪkəl/ cuticles n
cúitineach
The strip of hardened skin at the base and sides of a fingernail or toenail.

cutter /ˈkʌtə/ /ˈkʌtɚ/ cutters n
gearrthóir
A person or device that cuts (in various senses).
cuitéar soitheach an rí
(nautical) A single-masted, fore-and-aft rigged, sailing vessel with at least two headsails, and a mast set further aft than that of a sloop.

cutting /ˈkʌtɪŋ/ cuttings n
gearrthóireacht
(countable, uncountable) The action of the verb to cut.

cuttlefish /-təɹ-/ /ˈkʌt(ə)lfɪʃ/ /ˈkʌtl̩fɪʃ/ [-ɾ(ə)l] cuttlefish cuttlefishes n
gunnadóir
any of various squid-like cephalopods (marine mollusks) of the order Sepiida that have eight arms, two retractable tentacles, and a calcareous internal shell, and can eject a dark ink when threatened

cyan /saɪˈæn/ /ˈsaɪ.ən/ /ˈsaɪˌæn/ cyans n
cian cianghorm
An additive secondary colour midway between green and blue, evoked by wavelengths between ~490 and ~520 nm.

cyber- /ˈsaɪbə/ /ˈsaɪbɚ/ prefix
cibear- cibir-
Relating to the Internet or cyberspace, or to computers more generally.

cyberattack cyberattacks n
cibirionsaí
An attack or intrusion by means of a computer network such as the Internet, often for the purpose of spying.

cybercriminal cybercriminals n
cibearchoirpeach
A perpetrator of cybercrime.

cyberspace /ˈsaɪ.bəɹˌspeɪs/ /ˈsaɪ.bəˌspeɪs/ cyberspaces n
an cibearspás
A world of information accessed through the Internet.

cyclamen cyclamens n
ciclimin
Any of various flowering plants, of the genus Cyclamen, widely cultivated as a houseplant, having decorative leaves and solitary flowers.

cycle /ˈsaɪ.kəl/ /ˈsɑɪ.kəl/ [ˈsaɪ.kl̩] [ˈsɑɪ.kl̩] cycles n
ciogal
An interval of space or time in which one set of events or phenomena is completed.
timthriall
A complete rotation of anything.
A process that returns to its beginning and then repeats itself in the same sequence.

cycleway cycleways n
rotharbhealach slí rothar
cycle path, cycle lane

cyclic /ˈsaɪ.klɪk/ /ˈsɑɪ.klɪk/ /ˈsɪk.lɪk/ more cyclic most cyclic adj
fáinneach
(chemistry, of a compound) Having chains of atoms arranged in a ring.
timthriallach
(botany) Having parts arranged in a whorl.
ciorclach
(geometry, of a polygon) Able to be inscribed in a circle.

cyclical /ˈsaɪklɪkəl/ /ˈsɪklɪkəl/ cyclicals n
féiltiúil rialta
stock of a cyclical company; commonly in plural: cyclicals

cycling /ˈsaɪk(ə)lɪŋ/ cyclings n
rothaíocht
(uncountable) The sport of riding and racing cycles, especially bicycles.

cyclist /ˈsaɪ.klɪst/ cyclists n
rothaí
A person who rides a cycle, especially a bicycle, or who habitually engages in cycling.

cycloid /ˈsaɪklɔɪd/ adj
cioglóideach ciorclóideach
Resembling a circle; cycloidal.

cycloid /ˈsaɪklɔɪd/ cycloids n
cioglóideach ciorclóideach
(geometry) The locus of a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls without slipping on a fixed straight line.

cyclone /ˈsaɪ.kloʊn/ /ˈsaɪ.kləʊn/ cyclones n
cioclón
(broadly) Any weather phenomenon consisting of a system of winds rotating around a centre of low atmospheric pressure.

cylinder /ˈsɪləndɚ/ /ˈsɪlɪndə(ɹ)/ [ˈsɪlɪ̈ndɚ] cylinders n
sorcóir
(geometry) A surface created by projecting a closed two-dimensional curve along an axis intersecting the plane of the curve.
sorcóir soladach
(geometry) A solid figure bounded by a cylinder and two parallel planes intersecting the cylinder.

cymatogeny n
címeataigineacht
(geology) warping of the Earth's crust on a massive scale, resulting in domes and basins

cymbal /ˈsɪmbəl/ [ˈsɪmbɫ̩] cymbals n
ciombal
(musical instruments) A concave plate of brass or bronze that produces a sharp, ringing sound when struck: played either in pairs, by striking them together, or singly by striking with a drumstick or the like.

cyst /sɪst/ cysts n
cist
A pouch or sac without opening, usually membranous and containing morbid matter, which develops in one of the natural cavities or in the substance of an organ.

cystoscopy cystoscopies n
cisteascópacht
An endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra

cyto- prefix
cíti-
(biology) cell.

cytochemistry cytochemistries n
cíticeimic
(biochemistry) The biochemistry of cells, especially that of the macromolecules responsible for cell structure and function.

cytosine /ˈsaɪtəsiːn/ cytosines n
cíotóisín
(biochemistry) A heterocyclic base, 4-aminopyrimidin-2(1H)-one, which pairs with guanine in DNA and RNA (by means of three hydrogen bonds).

dab /dæb/ dabs n
daba
A small flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae, especially Limanda limanda; a flounder.
A small amount, a blob of some soft or wet substance.

dabchick dabchicks n
lapairín locha spágaire tonn
A small grebe, little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis).

dachshund /ˈdæk.sənd/ /ˈdæksˌhʊnd/ /ˈdæʃ.h(a)ʊnd/ /ˈdæʃ.ənd/ /ˈdɑk.sənd/ /ˈdɑksˌhʊnt/ /ˈdɑːksˌhʊnd/ dachshunde dachshunds n
broc-chú
A certain breed of dog having short legs and a long trunk, including standard-sized, miniature (smooth-haired, long-haired, and short-haired) varieties.

dactyl /ˈdæktɪɫ/ dactyls n
dachtal
A metrical foot of three syllables (— ⏑ ⏑), one long followed by two short, or one accented followed by two unaccented.

dactylic /dæk.ˈtɪ.lɪk/ more dactylic most dactylic adj
dachtalach

dad /dæd/ dads n
daid deaide
(informal) A father, a male parent.
Used to address one's father; often capitalized

daddy /ˈdædi/ daddies n
daidí deaide
(slang, obsolete) The person who gives away the bride at a wedding, in the absence of her actual father.

daemon /ˈdeɪmən/ /ˈdiːmən/ daemons n
daeman
(computing, Unix) A process (a running program) that does not have a controlling terminal.

daffodil /ˈdæfəˌdɪl/ daffodils n
lus an chromchinn
(countable) A bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus, with yellow flowers and a trumpet shaped corona, especially Narcissus pseudonarcissus, the national flower of Wales.

daft /dæft/ /dɑːft/ dafter daftest adj
amaideach
(chiefly, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, informal) Foolish, silly, stupid.

dagger /ˈdæɡə/ /ˈdæɡəɹ/ daggers n
miodóg
(weapons) A stabbing weapon, similar to a sword but with a short, double-edged blade.

dahlia /ˈdeɪlɪə/ /ˈdɑːlɪə/ dahlias n
dáilia
Any plant of the genus Dahlia, tuberous perennial flowering plants native to Mexico.

daily /ˈdeɪli/ adj
laethúil
That occurs every day, or at least every working day

daily /ˈdeɪli/ dailies n
páipéar laethúil
A newspaper that is published every day.

dairy /ˈdɛə.ɹi/ /ˈdɛɚ.i/ /ˈdɛɹ.i/ dairies n
teach bainne
A place, often on a farm, where milk is processed and turned into products such as butter and cheese.
(uncountable) (also dairy products or dairy produce) Products produced from milk.

dairying n
déiríocht
Synonym of dairy farming.

dais /-əs/ /ˈdaɪ-/ /ˈdeɪ.əs/ /ˈdeɪ.ɪs/ daises n
ardán
A raised platform in a room for a high table, a seat of honour, a throne, or other dignified occupancy, such as ancestral statues; a similar platform supporting a lectern, pulpit, etc., which may be used to speak from. [from c. 1800.]

daisy /ˈdeɪ.zi/ daisies n
nóinín
The wild flowering plant Bellis perennis of the Asteraceae family, with a yellow head and white petals

damage /ˈdæmɪd͡ʒ/ damages n
damáiste díobháil millteanas
Injury or harm; the condition or measure of something not being intact.

damage /ˈdæmɪd͡ʒ/ v
damáistigh déan damáiste déan díobháil loit
(transitive) To impair the soundness, goodness, or value of; to harm or cause destruction.

damask /ˈdæm.əsk/ damasks n
damasc
An ornate silk fabric originating from Damascus.

damn /dæm/ [deəm] [dɛəm] [dɛːm] v
feann
To condemn as unfit, harmful, invalid, immoral or illegal.

damp /dæmp/ damps n
taisleach
Moisture; humidity; dampness.

damp squib damp squibs n
urchar iomrallach
(literally) A firework that has been wet and therefore fails to go off correctly.

dampproof more dampproof most dampproof adj
taisdíonach taisdíonta
Resistant to the effects of damp.

damsel /ˈdæm.zəl/ [ˈdɛəm.zɫ̩] [ˈdɛːm.zɫ̩] damsels n
ainnir cailín maighdean
A girl; a maiden (without sexual experience).

damselfish /ˈdæmzəlfɪʃ/ damselfish damselfishes n
bé-iasc
Most fish in the Pomacentridae family.

damson /ˈdæmzən/ damsons n
crann daimsíní daimsín
The edible fruit of this tree.

dance /dæn(t)s/ /dɑːns/ [dans] [deən(t)s] [däns] [däːns] [dæns] [dæːns] [dɐːns] [dɑːns] [dɛən(t)s] [ɖɑːns] dances n
damhsa rince
A sequence of rhythmic steps or movements usually performed to music, for pleasure or as a form of social interaction.

dance /dæn(t)s/ /dɑːns/ [dans] [deən(t)s] [däns] [däːns] [dæns] [dæːns] [dɐːns] [dɑːns] [dɛən(t)s] [ɖɑːns] v
rinc
(intransitive) To move with rhythmic steps or movements, especially in time to music.

dance floor dance floors n
urlár rince
A large floor, usually made of hardwood, used primarily for dancing.

dance studio dance studios n
scoil damhsa scoil rince
A studio where dancing skills can be practiced and trained.

dancehall dancehalls n
halla damhsa halla rince
(countable) A public hall for dancing.

dancer /ˈdæns.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈdæns.ɚ/ /ˈdɑːns.ə(ɹ)/ dancers n
damhsóir rinceoir
A person who dances, usually as a hobby, an occupation, or a profession.

dandelion /ˈdæn.dəˌlaɪ.ən/ /ˈdæn.dɪˌlaɪ.ən/ dandelions n
caisearbhán
(countable) Any of the several species of plant in the genus Taraxacum, characterised by yellow flower heads and notched, broad-ended leaves, especially the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale).

dandruff /ˈdændɹəf/ /ˈdændɹʊf/ /ˈdændɹʌf/ dandruffs n
sail chnis
scaly white dead skin flakes from the human scalp; Pityriasis capitis

dandy /ˈdæn.di/ dandies n
gaige scóitséir
A man very concerned about his physical appearance, refined language, and leisurely hobbies, pursued with the appearance of nonchalance in a cult of self.

danger /ˈdeɪn.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈdeɪn.d͡ʒɚ/ dangers n
contúirt dainséar
Exposure to likely harm; peril.
An instance or cause of likely harm.

dangerous /ˈdeɪnd͡ʒ(ə)ɹəs/ /ˈdeɪnd͡ʒɚs/ /ˈdeɪnd͡ʒɚəs/ /ˈdeɪnʒ(ə)ɹəs/ /ˈdeɪnʒɹəs/ more dangerous most dangerous adj
dáinséarach contúirteach
Full of danger.

dank /deɪŋk/ /dæŋk/ danker dankest adj
múisciúil
Dark, damp and humid.

danse macabre /dɑns məˈkɑb(ɹə)/ danses macabres n
damhsa an bháis
(arts) A conventional subject in art, literature and drama, or a particular work in that style, in which death (in the form of a putrid corpse, skeleton, the Grim Reaper, etc) is shown leading people to the grave.

dapper /ˈdæpə(ɹ)/ dapperer dapperest adj
pioctha
Neat, trim.
Stylishly dressed, neatly dressed, spiffy.

dappled [ˈdæpəɫd] more dappled most dappled adj
ballach
Having a mottled or spotted skin or coat, dapple.

dare /dɛ(ə)ɹ/ /dɛə(ɹ)/ dares n
dúshlán
A challenge to prove courage.

dare /dɛ(ə)ɹ/ /dɛə(ɹ)/ v
leomh
(intransitive) To have enough courage (to do something).
(transitive) To have enough courage to meet or do something, go somewhere, etc.; to face up to
tabhair dúshlán
(transitive) To defy or challenge (someone to do something)

dark /dɑɹk/ /dɑːk/ darker darkest adj
dorcha
Having an absolute or (more often) relative lack of light.

dark /dɑɹk/ /dɑːk/ darks n
dorchacht
A complete or (more often) partial absence of light.

dark chocolate dark chocolates n
seacláid dhorcha seacláid dhubh
(countable) A serving or a variety of this chocolate.

dark lantern dark lanterns n
laindéar súile
(now, chiefly, historical) A lantern with a panel that slides to block the light.

dark matter n
damhna dorcha
(astronomy, astrophysics, broadly) Matter which cannot be detected by its radiation but whose presence is inferred from gravitational effects.

dark-skinned more dark-skinned most dark-skinned adj
coirtithe dorcha sa chraiceann dubh sa chraiceann
Having a relatively dark skin.

darken /ˈdɑɹkən/ /ˈdɑːkən/ v
uraigh

darling /ˈdɑɹlɪŋ/ /ˈdɑːlɪŋ/ darlinger darlingest adj
muirneach
Dear; cherished.

darling /ˈdɑɹlɪŋ/ /ˈdɑːlɪŋ/ darlings n
ainsín carán craobhóg craoibhín cumann dílseog
A person who is dear to one.

darn /daːn/ /dɑɹn/ /dɑːn/ v
dearnáil
(transitive, sewing) To repair by stitching with thread or yarn, particularly by using a needle to construct a weave across a damaged area of fabric.

darning mushroom darning mushrooms n
ceap dearnála
A mushroom-shaped device to darn a sock on. The sock can be stretched over the top of the (curved) mushroom, and gathered tightly around the stalk.

darning needle darning needles n
snáthaid chléithe snáthaid dearnála
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see A needle used for darning.

dash /dæʃ/ dashes n
dais fleasc
(typography) Any of the following symbols: ‒ (figure dash), – (en dash), — (em dash), or ― (horizontal bar).

dashboard /ˈdæʃˌboəɹd/ /ˈdæʃˌbɔː(ɹ)d/ /ˈdæʃˌbɔːɹd/ dashboards n
deais pludchlár
(historical) An upturned screen of wood or leather placed on the front of a horse-drawn carriage, sleigh or other vehicle that protected the driver from mud, debris, water and snow thrown up by the horse's hooves.
deais
(GUI, video games) A graphical user interface in the form of or resembling a motor car dashboard.

dashing /ˈdæʃɪŋ(ɡ)/ more dashing most dashing adj
dóighiúil galánta innealta slachtmhar
Chic, fashionable.

data /ˈdeɪtə/ /ˈdætə/ /ˈdɐːtə/ /ˈdɑːtə/ [ˈdeɪ.ɾə] [ˈdäːɾə] [ˈdæ.ɾə] n
sonraí
(collectively, uncountable) Information, especially in a scientific or computational context, or with the implication that it is organized.

data management n
bainistíocht sonraí
All the disciplines related to managing data as a valuable resource, such as data modeling or metadata management.

data processing n
próiseáil sonraí
Any of many techniques in which data is retrieved, stored, classified, manipulated, transmitted and/or reported in such a way as to generate information; especially such processing using computers.

database /ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/ /ˈdætəˌbeɪs/ /ˈdæːtəˌbeːs/ /ˈdɑːtəˌbeɪs/ databases n
bunachar sonraí
(general) A collection of (usually) organized information in a regular structure, usually but not necessarily in a machine-readable format accessible by a computer.
(computing, loosely, metonymically) A software program (application) for storing, retrieving and manipulating such a structured data set.

date /deɪt/ dates n
dáta
The fruit of the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, somewhat in the shape of an olive, containing a soft, sweet pulp and enclosing a hard kernel.
The addition to a writing, inscription, coin, etc., which specifies the time (especially the day, month, and year) when the writing or inscription was given, executed, or made.
A specific day in time at which a transaction or event takes place, or is appointed to take place; a given point of time.
coinne
A pre-arranged meeting.

date of birth dates of birth dates of births n
dáta breithe
The date and year on which something or someone was born.

date palm date palms n
pailm dhátaí
A palm tree, Phoenix dactylifera, whose fruit is the date.

dateline datelines n
dátlíne
(journalism) A line at the beginning of a document (such as a newspaper article) stating the place of origin and typically the date, and often written in capital letters.

dating /ˈdeɪt.ɪŋ/ datings n
siúl amach le
A form of romantic courtship typically between two individuals with the aim of assessing the other's suitability as a partner in an intimate relationship or as a spouse.
dátú
An estimation of the age of an artifact, biological vestige, linguistic usage, etc.

dative /ˈdeɪtɪv/ adj
tabharthach
(grammar) Noting the case of a noun which expresses the remoter or indirect object, generally indicated in English by to or for with the objective.

dative case dative cases n
tabharthach
(grammar) Case used to express direction towards an indirect object, the recipient or beneficiary of an action, and is generally indicated in English by to (when a recipient) or for (when a beneficiary) with the objective case. The direct object may be either stated or unstated where the indirect object is the beneficiary of the verbal action, but is stated where the indirect object is a recipient. If there is emphasis on the indirect object, the indirect object usually precedes the direct object and is not usually indicated with to or for; said structure is also used when neither object is being emphasized.

datum /ˈdeɪtəm/ /ˈdætəm/ /ˈdɑːtəm/ data datums n
sonra
(cartography, surveying, engineering) A fixed reference point or set of reference points which precisely define a system of measurement or a coordinate system.

daughter /ˈdoːtɐ/ /ˈdɑ.tɚ/ /ˈdɔ.tɚ/ /ˈdɔ.t̬ɚ/ /ˈdɔːtə(ɹ)/ [ˈdɑ.ɾɚ] [ˈdɔ.ɾɚ] daughters daughtren n
iníon
One’s female offspring.

daughter-in-law /ˈdɔːtə(ɹ)ɪnˌlɔː/ daughter-in-laws daughters-in-law n
banchliamhain iníon-i-ndlí
The wife of one's child.

daughterhood daughterhoods n
iníonacht iníonas
The condition of being a daughter.

daughterling daughterlings n
iníonóg
(diminutive, affectionate) A daughter, especially a young or precious one.

dawn /doːn/ /dɑn/ /dɔn/ /dɔːn/ dawns n
camhaoir
(uncountable) The morning twilight period immediately before sunrise.

dawn /doːn/ /dɑn/ /dɔn/ /dɔːn/ v
breacadh an lae camhaoir
(intransitive, figurative) To begin to give promise; to begin to appear or to expand.

day /deɪ/ /dæɪ/ days n
lá
(informal, or, meteorology) A 24-hour period beginning at 6am or sunrise.
A period of time between two set times which mark the beginning and the end of day in a calendar, such as from midnight to the following midnight or (Judaism) from nightfall to the following nightfall.
The part of a day period which one spends at one’s job, school, etc.
A period of contention of a day or less.
A period of confusion of a day or more.

day after days after n
lá arna mhárach
the next day.

day after tomorrow adv
amanathar anóirthear
(This entry is a translation hub.)

day after tomorrow n
arú amárach
(This entry is a translation hub.)

day before yesterday adv
arú inné
(This entry is a translation hub.)

day of reckoning days of reckoning n
lá an chuntais
(religion) The final and eternal judgment by God of all nations; Final Judgment.

day off days off n
lá saor
A day of vacation; a day when one does not go to work, school, etc.

daybed /ˈdeɪˌbɛd/ daybeds n
leaba lae
A couch that can be used as a sofa by day and a bed by night.

daybreak /ˈdeɪbɹeɪk/ daybreaks n
amhscarthanach briseadh an lae camhaoir
Dawn.

daydreamer /ˈdeɪdɹimɚ/ /ˈdeɪdɹiːmə/ [ˈdeɪd͡ʒɹimɚ] daydreamers n
aislingeach aislingtheach
One who daydreams.

daylight /ˈdeɪlaɪt/ /ˈdeɪˌlaɪt/ daylights n
solas an lae
The light from the Sun, as opposed to that from any other source.
lá
The period of time between sunrise and sunset.

daylight robbery /ˌdeɪlaɪt ˈɹɒb(ə)ɹi/ /ˌdeɪˌlaɪt ˈɹɑb(ə)ɹi/ daylight robberies n
gadaíocht gan náire
(uncountable) The practice of cheating or of imposing an exorbitant charge for a product or service; (countable, rare) an instance of this.

daylight saving time daylight saving times n
am sanhraidh
The practice in some places of adjusting clocks forward in the spring and back in the fall, usually by one hour, so that the adjustment causes the time to coincide with the greatest period of illumination by the sun over the course of the day.

deacon /ˈdiːkən/ deacons n
deagánach
(Orthodoxy, Catholicism) A clergyman ranked directly below a priest, with duties of helping the priests and carrying out parish work.

deaconess /ˌdiːkəˈnɛs/ deaconesses n
bandeagánach
A female deacon (Anglican).
A female servant in the early Christian church.

dead /diːd/ /dɛd/ deader deadest adj
marbh
(, usually, not comparable) No longer living; deceased. (Also used as a noun.)
(not comparable) No longer used or required.
(rare, especially, religion, often with "to") Indifferent to; having no obligation toward; no longer subject to or ruled by (sin, guilt, pleasure, etc).

dead of night n
uair mharbh na hoíche
(idiomatic) Middle of the night.

deaden /ˈdɛdən/ v
bodhraigh
(transitive) To render less lively; to diminish; to muffle.

deadline /ˈdɛdˌlaɪn/ deadlines n
sprioc-am spriocdháta
A time limit in the form of a date on or before which something must be completed.

deadly nightshade deadly nightshades n
lus na hoíche
The plant Atropa belladonna, a perennial shrub of the nightshade family that contains high concentrations of the alkaloid atropine which can be deadly if taken in excess.

deadly sin deadly sins n
peaca marfach
Any of the seven deadly sins: pride (or vanity, vainglory), envy, gluttony, greed (or avarice), lust, sloth (or acedia), and wrath (or anger).

deadnettle /ˈdɛdnɛtəl/ deadnettles n
caochneantóg neantóg chaoch
Any plant of a species in genus Lamium, which closely resembles the nettle, but does not possess stinging hairs.

deaf /diːf/ /dɛf/ deafer deafest adj
bodhar
Unable to hear, or only partially able to hear.

deafen /ˈdɛfən/ v
bodhraigh
(transitive) To make deaf, either temporarily or permanently.

deafness /ˈdɛfnəs/ deafnesses n
bodhaire
The condition of being deaf; the lack or loss of the ability to hear.

deal /diːl/ deals n
déanamh lámhdhéanamh
(card games) The distribution of cards to players; a player's turn for this.

deal with v
pléigh le
(transitive) To handle verbally or in some form of artistic expression; to address or discuss as a subject.
(transitive) To take action with respect to (someone or something).

dear /diːɹ/ /dɪə/ /dɪɹ/ dearer dearest more dear most dear adj
dil dílis ionúin
Loved; lovable.
Precious to or greatly valued by someone.
a chara a chairde
A formal way to start (possibly after my) addressing somebody at the beginning of a letter, memo etc.

death /diːθ/ /dɛθ/ deaths n
bás éag
The cessation of life and all associated processes; the end of an organism's existence as an entity independent from its environment and its return to an inert, nonliving state.
Execution (in the judicial sense).
(often, capitalized) The personification of death as a (usually male) hooded figure with a scythe; the Grim Reaper.
(figuratively, especially followed by of-phrase) A cause of great stress, exhaustion, embarrassment, or another negative condition (for someone).
(preceded by the) The collapse or end of something.
(figurative) Spiritual lifelessness.

death camp death camps n
campa an bháis campa géibhinn
A facility built during the Holocaust by the Nazis to kill especially the Jewish people through gassing.

death cap death caps n
caidhp bháis
The deadly poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides.

death penalty death penalties n
pionós báis
(legal) A punishment in which the offender is put to death by the state.

death throe death throes n
arraing an bháis
(mostly, in the plural) Struggle that is followed by death.

deathbed /ˈdɛθˌbɛd/ deathbeds n
leaba an bháis
The bed on which someone dies.

deathless /ˈdɛθləs/ more deathless most deathless adj
neamhbhásmhar
Undying or immortal.
buanseasmhach
(of a work of art, literature, etc.) Guaranteed not to be lost or forgotten due to its importance or conspicuous excellence.

deathtrap /ˈdɛθtɹæp/ deathtraps n
sáinn bháis
An extremely dangerous location, structure, or device.

deathwatch beetle deathwatch beetles n
cailleach oíche ciaróg oíche
Any of various beetles of the family Anobiidae, now usually included in family Ptinidae, especially Xestobium rufovillosum, that bore into wood and make a tapping sound.

debase /dɪˈbeɪs/ v
truailligh
(transitive) To lower in character, quality, or value; to degrade.

debility /dɪˈbɪlɪti/ debilities n
laige
A state of physical or mental weakness.

debone /diːˈbəʊn/ v
díchnámhaigh
(ambitransitive) To remove the bones from.

debris /dəˈbɹiː/ /ˈdeɪbɹi/ /ˈdɛbɹi/ n
smionagar
Rubble, wreckage, scattered remains of something destroyed.

debt /dɛt/ debts n
dette
(finance) Money that one person or entity owes or is required to pay to another, generally as a result of a loan or other financial transaction.

debt collection debt collections n
bailiú fiach
(law) The process of pursuing payments of debts owed by individuals or businesses.

decade /dəˈkeɪd/ /ˈdɛkeɪd/ /ˈdɛkəd/ decades n
deichniúr
(Roman Catholicism) A series of prayers counted on a rosary, typically consisting of an Our Father, followed by ten Hail Marys, and concluding with a Glory Be and sometimes the Fatima Prayer.

decadence /ˈdɛkədəns/ decadences n
meath
A state of moral or artistic decline or deterioration; decay

decadent /ˈdɛkədənt/ more decadent most decadent adj
meatach
Characterized by moral or cultural decline.
peacúil
Luxuriously self-indulgent.

decasyllabic /dɛkəsɪˈlæbɪk/ adj
deichshiollach
Having ten syllables.

decasyllable [ˈdɛkəˌsɪləbəɫ] decasyllables n
deichshiollach
A verse form having ten syllables in each line.

decay /di.ˈkeɪ/ /dɪˈkeɪ/ decays n
aife
meath
The process or result of being gradually decomposed; rot, decomposition.
meath meathlú
A deterioration of condition; loss of status, quality, strength, or fortune.

decay /di.ˈkeɪ/ /dɪˈkeɪ/ v
meath meathlaigh
(intransitive) To deteriorate, to get worse, to lose strength or health, to decline in quality.

deceased /diˈsist/ /diˈsizd/ /dɪˈsist/ /dɪˈsizd/ /dɪˈsiːst/ /dɪˈzizd/ adj
ar shlí na fírinne básaithe
No longer alive; dead.

deceit /dɪˈsiːt/ deceits n
meang
An act or practice intended to deceive; a trick.
(law) The tort or fraudulent representation of a material fact made with knowledge of its falsity, or recklessly, or without reasonable grounds for believing its truth and with intent to induce reliance on it; the plaintiff justifiably relies on the deception, to his injury.

deceiver /dɪˈsivɚ/ /dɪˈsiːvə(ɹ)/ deceivers n
cealgaire
A person who lies or deceives.

decent /ˈdiːsənt/ more decent most decent adj
gnaíúil
(of a person) Having a suitable conformity to basic moral standards; showing integrity, fairness, or other characteristics associated with moral uprightness.

deception /dɪˈsɛpʃən/ deceptions n
bréag
An instance of actions and/or schemes fabricated to mislead someone into believing a lie or inaccuracy.

deceptive /dɪˈsɛp.tɪv/ more deceptive most deceptive adj
fabhtach
Likely or attempting to deceive.

deceptiveness n
fabhtacht
the state or quality of being deceptive

decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ v
cinn
(ambitransitive) to resolve (a contest, problem, dispute, etc.); to choose, determine, or settle

deciduous /dɪˈsɪd͡ʒ.u.əs/ /dɪˈsɪd͡ʒ.ʊ.əs/ adj
duillsilteach
(botany) Of or pertaining to trees which lose their leaves in winter or the dry season.

decimal /ˈdɛs.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ə.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ɪ.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ɪ.məɫ/ adj
deachúil deachúlach
(arithmetic, computing) Concerning numbers expressed in decimal or mathematical calculations performed using decimal.

decimal number decimal numbers n
deachúil
(mathematics) A number expressed in the decimal system (base ten), (particularly) fractional numbers so represented.

decimal point decimal points n
pointe deachúlach
(typography) A period/full stop ⟨.⟩ or middot ⟨·⟩ used to set off the decimal or fractional part of a number.

decision /dɪˈsɪʒən/ [dɪˈsɪʒn̩] decisions n
cinneadh
A choice or judgement.
cinneadh breith
(chiefly combat sports) A result arrived at by the judges when there is no clear winner at the end of the contest.

decision making n
cinnteoireacht
The process of reaching a decision.

decisive /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/ more decisive most decisive adj
cinntitheach cinniúnach
Having the power or quality of deciding a question or controversy; putting an end to contest or controversy; final; conclusive.

decisiveness /dɪˈsaɪsɪvnəs/ n
diongbháilteacht
The state or quality of being decisive.

deck chair deck chairs n
cathaoir deice
A folding chair in which a wooden frame supports a length of canvas; traditionally used on the beach or onboard a liner.

deckhouse deckhouses n
teach deice
A cabin that protrudes above a ship's deck.

declaration /ˌdɛkləˈɹeɪʃən/ declarations n
dearbhú
A list of items for various legal purposes, e.g. customs declaration.

decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ declines n
aife fánaíocht
meath meathlú
Downward movement, fall.

decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ v
meath meathlaigh
(intransitive) To become weaker or worse.

decoction /dɪˈkɒkʃən/ decoctions n
urbhruith
An extraction or essence of something, obtained by boiling it down.

decompilation /diːˌkɒmpɪˈleɪʃən/ decompilations n
díthiomsú
The act, or the result of decompiling

decontaminate /diːkənˈtæmɪneɪt/ v
dí-éilligh díthruailligh
(transitive) To remove contamination from (something), rendering it safe.

decorate /ˈdɛkəɹeɪt/ v
maisigh
(transitive) To furnish with decorations.

decoration /ˌdɛkəˈɹeɪʃən/ decorations n
maisiú oirnéaladh
The act of adorning, embellishing, or honoring; ornamentation.
maisiúchán
Any item that adorns, enriches, or beautifies; something added by way of embellishment or ornamentation.
suaitheantas
Specifically, any mark of honor to be worn upon the person, as a medal, cross, or ribbon of an order of knighthood, bestowed for services in war, great achievements in literature, art, etc.

decorative /ˈdek.ə.ɹə.tɪv/ /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/ /ˈdɛk.ɹə.tɪv/ [ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.ɾɪv] [ˈdɛk.ɹə.ɾɪv] more decorative most decorative adj
maiseach maisiúil
That serves to decorate

decorous /ˈdɛkəɹəs/ more decorous most decorous adj
oiriúnach
Marked by proper behaviour.

decorticate /diːˈkɔːtɪkeɪt/ v
rúisc snamh
(transitive) To peel or remove the bark, husk, or outer layer from something.

decrease /dɪˈkɹiːs/ /ˈdiːkɹiːs/ decreases n
laghdú
An amount by which a quantity decreases or is decreased.

decrease /dɪˈkɹiːs/ /ˈdiːkɹiːs/ v
laghdaigh
(intransitive) Of a quantity, to become smaller.
(transitive) To make (a quantity) smaller.

decree /dɪˈkɹiː/ decrees n
acht
An edict or law.

decree /dɪˈkɹiː/ v
achtaigh foraithin reachtaigh
To command by a decree.

dedicate /ˈdɛdɪˌkeɪt/ /ˈdɛdɪˌkɪt/ v
tíolaic
(transitive) To set apart for a deity or for religious purposes; consecrate.
(transitive) To address or inscribe (a literary work, for example) to another as a mark of respect or affection.

dedication /ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ dedications n
tíolacadh
(countable) A note addressed to a patron or friend, prefixed to a work of art as a token of respect, esteem, or affection.

dee /ˈdiː/ dees n
dair dé
The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

deed /diːd/ deeds n
gníomhas
(legal) A legal instrument that is executed under seal or before a witness; sometimes required for certain legal activities, such as the transfer of certain kinds of property.

deep /diːp/ deeper deepest adj
domhain
(cricket, baseball, softball) Far from the center of the playing area, near to the boundary of the playing area, either in absolute terms or relative to a point of reference.
Extending far down from the top, or surface, to the bottom, literally or figuratively.
Hard to penetrate or comprehend; profound; intricate; obscure.
(sound, voice) Low in pitch.

deep-freeze v
íosreoigh
(transitive) To freeze at very low temperatures.

deep-fried adj
domhainfhriochta
(of food) Cooked in a deep fryer, typically after being coated in batter.

deer /diːɹ/ /dɪə/ /dɪɹ/ deer deers n
fia fiara os
A ruminant mammal with antlers and hooves of the family Cervidae, or one of several similar animals from related families of the order Artiodactyla.

deface /diːˈfeɪs/ /dɪˈfeɪs/ v
loit
To damage or vandalize something, especially a surface, in a visible or conspicuous manner.
To void or devalue; to nullify or degrade the face value of.

defacement /dɪˈfeɪsmənt/ defacements n
lot milleadh
An act of defacing; an instance of visibly marring or disfiguring something.

defamation /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/ defamations n
aithisiú clúmhilleadh
The act of injuring another person's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another.

defamatory /dɪˈfæmətɔɹi/ /dɪˈfæmətɹi/ more defamatory most defamatory adj
aithiseach
damaging to someone's reputation, especially if untrue

defame /dɪˈfeɪm/ v
aithisigh
To harm or diminish the reputation of; to disparage. [from 4th c.]

defaulter [dɪˈfɔːɫtə(ɹ)] defaulters n
faillitheoir loiceach mainnitheoir

defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ defeats n
briseadh díomua maidhm

defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ v
buaigh ar cloígh faigh an lámh in uachtar ar
(transitive) To overcome in battle or contest.

defecate /ˈdɛfɪkeɪt/ /ˈdɛfɪkət/ v
cac do chac a dhéanamh

defection /dɪˈfɛkʃən/ defections n
tréigean
An act or incidence of defecting.

defective /dɪˈfɛktɪv/ more defective most defective adj
easpach
Having one or more defects.
uireasach
(grammar, of a lexeme, especially a verb) Lacking some forms; e.g., having only one tense or being usable only in the third person.

defend /diˈfɛnd/ /dəˈfɛnd/ /dɪˈfɛnd/ v
cosain
(transitive) To ward off attacks against; to fight to protect; to guard.

defendant /dɪˈfɛnd.ənt/ defendants n
cosantóir
(legal) In civil proceedings, the party responding to the complaint; one who is sued and called upon to make satisfaction for a wrong complained of by another.

defender /dɪˈfɛndə(ɹ)/ defenders n
cosantóir
Someone who defends people or property.
(law, rare) A lawyer who represents defendants, especially a public defender; a defense attorney (US) or defence counsel (UK).

defense /dɪˈfɛns/ /ˈdiːˌfɛns/ defenses n
cosaint
The action of defending or protecting from attack, danger, or injury.

deference /ˈdɛ.fɚ.əns/ /ˈdɛ.fɹəns/ /ˈdɛfəɹəns/ deferences n
ómós
Great respect.

deferential [ˌdɛfəˈɹɛnʃəɫ] more deferential most deferential adj
urramach ómósach
Respectful and considerate; showing deference.

defiance /dɪˈfaɪ(j)əns/ defiances n
dúshlán
A challenging attitude or behaviour; challenge.

defibrillation /diːˌfɪbɹɪˈleɪʃən/ defibrillations n
dífhibriliú
The stopping of the fibrillation of the heart in order to restore normal contractions, especially by the use of an electric shock.

defibrillator /diːˈfɪbɹɪleɪtə(ɹ)/ defibrillators n
dífhibrileoir
(cardiology) An electronic device used internally or externally that delivers a controlled electric shock to a patient to correct ventricular fibrillation, a lack of coordination of the contraction of muscle tissue of the large chambers of the heart.

deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/ deficiencies n
díothacht easpacht uireasa
(uncountable) Inadequacy or incompleteness.
easnamh easpa uireasa
(countable) An insufficiency, especially of something essential to health.

deficient /dɪˈfɪʃənt/ more deficient most deficient adj
díothach easpach uireasach
Lacking something essential; often construed with in.

defile /dəˈfaɪl/ /dɪˈfaɪl/ /ˈdiˌfaɪl/ /ˈdiː-/ v
salaigh truailligh éilligh
To make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean; to befoul, to soil.

define /dɪˈfaɪn/ v
sonraigh
To determine with precision; to mark out with distinctness; to ascertain or exhibit clearly.

definite article definite articles n
alt cinnte
(grammar) An article that introduces a noun and specifies it as the particular noun that is being considered; in English, the only definite article is the and its variations.

definition /ˌdɛf.əˈnɪʃ.ən/ /ˌdɛf.ɪˈnɪʃ.ən/ [ˌdɛf.əˈnɪʃ.n̩] [ˌdɛf.ɪˈnɪʃ.n̩] definitions n
sainmhíniú
(semantics, lexicography) A statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol (dictionary definitions).
gléine
Clarity of visual presentation, distinctness of outline or detail.

deformed /dɪˈfɔːmd/ more deformed most deformed adj
anchruthach anchruthúil in anchruth
Unusual of shape; misshapen.

deformity /dɪˈfɔɹməti/ /dɪˈfɔːmɪti/ deformities n
anchruth

defy /dɪˈfaɪ/ v
tabhair dúshlán
(transitive) To challenge (someone) or brave (a hazard or opposition).

degenerate /dɪˈdʒɛnəɹeɪt/ /dɪˈdʒɛnəɹɪt/ v
meathlaigh
(transitive) To cause to lose good or desirable qualities.

degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/ degenerations n
meathlú
(uncountable, countable) The process or state of growing worse, or the state of having become worse.

degrade /diˈɡɹeɪd/ /dɪˈɡɹeɪd/ v
díghrádaigh
ísligh
(transitive) To lower in value or social position.

degree /dɪˈɡɹiː/ degrees n
céim
(physics) A unit of measurement of temperature on any of several scales, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit. [from 18th c.]

degree of comparison degrees of comparison n
céim
(linguistics, grammar) A form of an adjective that indicates a different degree of the attribute the adjective denotes; like the positive, comparative and superlative forms.

dehiscent /dɪˈhɪsənt/ more dehiscent most dehiscent adj
méanoscailteach oscailteach
(botany) Which dehisces or presents dehiscence

dehorn /diːˈhɔːn/ v
dí-adharc
(transitive) To remove the horns from.

dehorner dehorners n
dí-adharcóir
(also in plural form) A device for cutting the horns off an animal's head.

dehydration /dihaɪˈdɹeɪʃən/ /diːhaɪˈdɹeɪʃən/ dehydrations n
díhiodráitiú
The act or process of removing water from something.
The condition in which water in the body drops below normal levels, usually caused by illness, sweating or by not drinking enough.

deice /diːˈaɪs/ v
dí-oighrigh
(transitive) To remove the ice from something.

deism /ˈdeɪ-/ /ˈdiːɪz(ə)m/ deisms n
dias
A philosophical belief in the existence of a god (or goddess) knowable through human reason; especially, a belief in a creator god unaccompanied by any belief in supernatural phenomena or specific religious doctrines.

dejected /dɪˈdʒɛktəd/ more dejected most dejected adj
atuirseach ceanníseal scíth
Sad and dispirited.

dejection /dəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/ /dɪˈdʒɛkʃən/ dejections n
gruaim
A state of melancholy or depression; low spirits, the blues.

delay /dəˈleɪ/ /dɪ-/ /dɪˈleɪ/ delays n
faillí
A period of time before an event occurs; the act of delaying; procrastination; lingering inactivity.

delegation /dɛlɪˈɡeɪʃən/ delegations n
tiomnú
(legal) The act whereby or constellation in which the performance of an obligation (owed to an obligee, presuming its validity; irrespective of the obligation as the target of the delegation, rarely called delegatary) is assigned by its debtor (delegator, obligor) to and towards another party (delegatee, delegate)

delete /diˈliːt/ /dəˈliːt/ /dɪˈliːt/ v
scrios
(transitive) To remove, get rid of or erase, especially written or printed material, or data on a computer or other device. [from 1600s]

delicacy /ˈdɛlɪkəsi/ delicacies n
leiceacht íogaireacht
The quality of being delicate.

delicate /ˈdɛlɪkət/ more delicate most delicate adj
leice
Of weak health; easily sick; unable to endure hardship.

delicious /diˈlɪʃəs/ /dəˈlɪʃəs/ /dɪˈlɪʃəs/ more delicious most delicious adj
blasta blastacht caithiseach
(colloquial, figurative) Pleasing to a person's taste; pleasing to the eyes or mind.

delightful /dəˈlaɪt.fəl/ more delightful most delightful adj
caithiseach taitneamhach
Pleasant; pleasing, bringing enjoyment, satisfaction, or pleasure.

delimit /dɪˈlɪmɪt/ v
teorannaigh
(transitive) To mark or fix the limits of.

delimitation delimitations n
teorannú
The act of delimiting something.

delineate /dɪˈlɪniːeɪt/ v
dreach
To depict, represent with pictures.
ríomh
To describe or depict with words or gestures.

delineation /diːlɪniˈeɪʃən/ delineations n
dreachadh
The act of delineating; depiction.
léiriú
(arts) An image of the outline of an object.
cuntas cur síos
A graphic verbal description.

delineator delineators n
línitheoir
One who, or that which, delineates.

delirium /dɪˈlɪ.ɹi.əm/ /dɪˈlɪɹ.i.əm/ deliria deliriums n
rámhaille
(symptom) A temporary mental state with a sudden onset, usually reversible, including symptoms of confusion, inability to concentrate, disorientation, anxiety, and sometimes hallucinations. Causes can include dehydration, drug intoxication, and severe infection.

deliver /dɪˈlɪvə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈlɪvɚ/ v
fuascail
To set free from restraint or danger.

deliverance /dɪˈlɪvɹəns/ deliverances n
anacal
fuascailt
The act of setting free or extricating from danger, imprisonment, bondage, evil, etc.
The act of delivering or conveying something.

delta /ˈdɛltə/ [ˈdɛɫtə] deltas n
triantán
(electrical, often, attributive) The closed figure produced by connecting three coils or circuits successively, end for end, especially in a three-phase system.

deltoid /ˈdɛɫtɔɪd/ adj
triantánach
(botany, of leaves) Of a triangular or roughly triangular shape and attached to the stem via the side.

delusion /dɪˈl(j)uːzjən/ /dɪˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n/ delusions n
seachrán
That which is falsely or delusively believed or propagated; false belief; error in belief.

delusion of grandeur delusions of grandeur n
mustar gan ghustal
(usually, in the plural) The false belief that one is important or powerful, accompanying certain mental disorders.

dementia /dɪˈmɛnʃə/ dementiae dementias n
néaltrú
(pathology) A progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what might be expected from normal aging. Areas particularly affected include memory, attention, judgement, language and problem solving.

demesne /dɪˈmeɪn/ /dɪˈmiːn/ demesnes n
seilbh
A lord's chief manor place, with that part of the lands belonging thereto which has not been granted out in tenancy; a house, and the land adjoining, kept for the proprietor's own use.

demo- prefix
daon-
people

democracy /dɪˈmɑ.kɹə.si/ /dɪˈmɒk.ɹə.si/ /dɪˈmɔk.ɹə.si/ democracies n
daonlathas
(uncountable) Rule by the people, especially as a form of government; either directly or through elected representatives (representative democracy).
stát daonlathach daonlathas
(countable, government) A government under the direct or representative rule of the people of its jurisdiction.

democrat /ˈdɛməkɹæt/ democrats n
daonlathaí
A supporter of democracy; an advocate of democratic politics (originally (historical) as opposed to the aristocrats in Revolutionary France).

democratic /ˌdɛməˈkɹætɪk/ [-ɾɪk] more democratic most democratic adj
daonlathach
Pertaining to democracy; constructed upon or in line with the principle of government chosen by the people.

democratize /dɪˈmɒkɹətaɪz/ v
daonlathaigh déan daonlathach
(transitive) To make democratic.

demography /dɪˈmɒɡɹəfi/ demographies n
déimeagrafaíocht
The study of the characteristics of human populations, especially with regards to their makeup and fluctuations and the social causes behind these.

demoiselle crane [dɛməˈzɛɫ kɹeɪn] demoiselle cranes n
grús coimir
A crane, Grus virgo (syn. Anthropoides virgo), found in central Asia, 85-100 centimeters long with a loud trumpeting call.

demon /ˈdiː.mən/ demons n
deamhan
An evil spirit resident in or working for Hell; a devil. [from 10th c.]

demonstration /dɛmənˈstɹeɪʃən/ demonstrations n
taispeántas
The act of demonstrating; showing or explaining something.
An event at which something will be demonstrated.

demonstrative /dəˈmɑnstɹətɪv/ /dɪˈmɑnstɹətɪv/ /dɪˈmɒnstɹətɪv/ /ˈdɛmənstɹeɪtɪv/ more demonstrative most demonstrative adj
taispeántach
(grammar) that specifies the thing or person referred to

demonstrative /dəˈmɑnstɹətɪv/ /dɪˈmɑnstɹətɪv/ /dɪˈmɒnstɹətɪv/ /ˈdɛmənstɹeɪtɪv/ demonstratives n
taispeántach
(grammar) A demonstrative word

demonstrative adjective demonstrative adjectives n
aidiacht thaispeántach
An adjective that points out which person, object or concept is being referred to; whether it is singular or plural; and whether it is near or far from the speaker or writer.

demonstrative pronoun demonstrative pronouns n
forainm taispeántach
(grammar) a pronoun that replaces a noun whose identity can be understood from the context; it indicates whether the noun is singular or plural, and whether it is near or far from the speaker or writer

demonstrator /ˈdɛmənstɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ demonstrators n
agóideoir
One who takes part in a demonstration; a protester.
One who demonstrates products in a retail environment; a merchandiser.

demote /dɪˈmoʊt/ /dɪˈməʊt/ v
ísligh
(transitive) To lower the rank or status of.

demotic /dɪˈmɑ.tɪk/ /dɪˈmɒt.ɪk/ adj
coiteann
Of or for the common people.
Of, relating to, or written in the ancient Egyptian script that developed from Lower Egyptian hieratic writing starting from around 650 BCE and was chiefly used to write the Demotic phase of the Egyptian language, with simplified and cursive characters that no longer corresponded directly to their hieroglyphic precursors.
Of, relating to, or written in the form of modern vernacular Greek.

demure /dɪˈmjʊə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈmjʊɹ/ demurer demurest adj
stuama
(usually, of women) Quiet, modest, reserved, sober, or serious.

demyelinate /diːˈmaɪ(j)əlɪneɪt/ v
dímhiailinigh
(pathology) To remove the myelin sheath from a nerve

demyelinating /diːˈmaɪ(j)əlɪneɪtɪŋ/ adj
dímhiailinitheach

den /dɛn/ /dɪn/ dens n
brocais nead pluais uachais
A small cavern or hollow place in the side of a hill, or among rocks; especially, a cave used by a wild animal for shelter or concealment.
poll
A squalid or wretched place; a haunt.
brocais pluais uachais
A group of Cub Scouts of the same age who work on projects together.

denatured alcohol denatured alcohols n
biotáille mheitileach
(US) Reasonably pure ethyl alcohol for industrial purposes that has been made unfit for consumption by the addition of a poisonous substance such as acetone or methyl alcohol

dendritic /dɛndˈɹɪtɪk/ more dendritic most dendritic adj
craobhach
Of, pertaining to or possessing dendrites.

dendrochronology n
crann-chróineolaíocht deindreacróineolaíocht
(biology, archaeology) The science that uses the spacing between the annual growth rings of trees to date their exact year of formation.

dengue fever /ˈdɛŋɡeɪ ˈfiːvə/ /ˈdɛŋɡeɪ ˈfiːvɚ/ /ˈdɛŋɡiː ˈfiːvɚ/ n
deinge
An acute febrile and sometimes hemorrhagic disease endemic to the tropics, caused by varieties of the species Dengue virus, and primarily transmitted to humans from mosquitoes, though human-to-human transmission is also well documented.

denial /dɪˈnaɪ.əl/ denials n
éaradh
(psychology) A defense mechanism involving a refusal to accept the truth of a phenomenon or prospect.

denigration denigrations n
aithisiú
An unfair criticism.

denim /ˈdɛnəm/ /ˈdɛnɪm/ denims n
deinim géin
A textile often made of cotton with a distinct diagonal pattern.

denomination /dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/ denominations n
ainmniú
(uncountable) The act of naming or designating.
ainmníocht
(countable) That by which anything is denominated or styled; an epithet; a name, designation, or title; especially, a general name indicating a class of like individuals.
sainaicme creidimh sainchreideamh
(countable, religion) A class, or society of individuals, called by the same name; a subdivision of a religion.
aicme ainmníocht
(countable) A unit in a series of units of weight, money, etc.

denominational adj
sainchreidmheach
Of or pertaining to a denomination.

denominator /dɪˈnɒmɪneɪtə(ɹ)/ denominators n
ainmneoir
(arithmetic) The number or expression written below the line in a fraction (such as 2 in ½).

dense /dɛns/ denser densest adj
dlúth
Having relatively high density.

dental /ˈdɛn.tl̩/ /ˈdɛn.təl/ [ˈdɛn.(ɾ)əɫ] [ˈdɛn.(ɾ)ɫ̩] [ˈdɛn.əɫ] [ˈdɛɾ̃.əɫ] [ˈdɛɾ̃.ɫ̩] more dental most dental adj
déadach
(dentistry, relational) Of or concerning dentistry.
(phonetics) Made with the tip of the tongue touching the upper front teeth or the alveolar ridge.

dental /ˈdɛn.tl̩/ /ˈdɛn.təl/ [ˈdɛn.(ɾ)əɫ] [ˈdɛn.(ɾ)ɫ̩] [ˈdɛn.əɫ] [ˈdɛɾ̃.əɫ] [ˈdɛɾ̃.ɫ̩] dentals n
déadach
(phonetics) A dental sound.

dental floss dental flosses n
flas fiacla
A cord of thin filaments used to clean the gaps between the teeth.

denticity denticities n
déadacht
(chemistry) The number of donor groups from a ligand to the central atom of a coordination compound

dentin dentins n
déidín
The hard, dense calcareous material that makes up the bulk of a tooth.

dentist /ˈdɛntɪst/ dentists n
fiaclóir
A medical doctor who specializes in teeth.

dentition /dɛnˈtɪʃən/ dentitions n
déad
The set of natural teeth of an individual
déadeagar
The type, number and arrangement of the normal teeth of an organism or of the actual teeth of an individual

denture /ˈdɛntjə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɛntʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɛnt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ dentures n
cíor fiacla déadchíor
An artificial replacement of one or more teeth.

denturist denturists n
déadchíoradóir
A person who makes and fits dentures

deontology /ˌdiːɒnˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ deontologies n
dualeolaíocht
(ethics) The normative ethical position that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to rules or obligations rather than either the inherent goodness or the consequences of those actions. [from 1930]

deoxyribonucleic acid /di.ɒk.sɪˌɹaɪ.bəʊ.njuːˈkleɪ.ɪk ˈæ.sɪd/ /di.ɔk.siˌɹaɪ.boʊ.nuːˈkleɪ.ɪk ˈæ.sɪd/ n
aigéad dí-ocsairibeanúicléasach
(biochemistry, genetics) A nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which consists of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix; encoded in its structure are genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction.

department store department stores n
siopa ilrannach siopa mór
A large store containing many different departments, each of which deals in the sale of different goods or services.

departmental /dɪpaːtˈmentəl/ /dɪpɑɹtˈmɛntəl/ /dɪpɑːtˈmɛntəl/ /ˌdiːpaːtˈmentəl/ /ˌdiːpɑtˈmɛntəl/ /ˌdiːpɑɹtˈmɛntəl/ adj
rannach
Of or pertaining to a department.

depend /di-/ /də-/ /dɪˈpɛnd/ v
braith
(intransitive, followed by on or upon, formerly also by of) To be contingent or conditioned; to have something as a necessary condition; to hinge on.

dependence /dɪˈpɛndəns/ dependences n
spleá spleáchas tuilleamaí
The state of being dependent, of relying upon another.

dependency /dɪˈpɛndənsi/ dependencies n
spleáchríoch
A colony, or a territory subject to rule by an external power.

dependent /dɪˈpɛndənt/ more dependent most dependent adj
spleách
Relying upon; depending upon.
(of Irish/Manx/Scottish (Gaelic) verb forms) Used after a particle (with one or two exceptions), such as those which express questions, subordinate clauses, and negative sentences.

depletion /dɪˈpliːʃən/ depletions n
laghdú
The act of depleting, or the state of being depleted; exhaustion.

deponent /diˈpoʊ.nənt/ /diˈpəʊ.nənt/ adj
diúscartach
(grammar, of a verb) Having passive grammatical form (that is, conjugating like the passive voice), but an active meaning.

deponent /diˈpoʊ.nənt/ /diˈpəʊ.nənt/ deponents n
diúscartach
(grammar) A deponent verb.

depopulate /diˈpɑpjəleɪt/ /diːˈpɒpjəleɪt/ v
bánaigh
(transitive) To reduce the population of a region by disease, war, forced relocation etc.

depopulation /diˌpɑ.pjəˈleɪ.ʃən/ /diːˌpɒ.pjəˈleɪ.ʃən/ depopulations n
bánú dídhaonrú
The act of depopulating or condition of being depopulated; the destruction or expulsion of inhabitants.

depose /diˈpoʊz/ /dəˈpoʊz/ /dɪˈpəʊz/ v
(Ceannaire) do briseadh amach aithríoghadh
(transitive) To remove (a leader) from (high) office, without killing the incumbent.
fianaise a thabhairt
(law, intransitive) To give evidence or testimony, especially in response to interrogation during a deposition
To testify; to bear witness; to claim; to assert; to affirm.

deposit /dɪˈpɑzɪt/ /dɪˈpɒzɪt/ deposits n
sil-leagan
(geology) Sediment or rock that is not native to its present location or is different from the surrounding material. Sometimes refers to ore or gems.

deposit /dɪˈpɑzɪt/ /dɪˈpɒzɪt/ v
taisc
(transitive) To put money or funds into an account.

deprave /dɪˈpɹeɪv/ v
truailligh
(transitive) To make bad or worse; to vitiate; to corrupt

depreciation /dɪˌpɹiːʃɪˈeɪʃən/ depreciations n
dímheas
(accounting) The measurement of the decline in value of assets. Not to be confused with impairment, which is the measurement of the unplanned, extraordinary decline in value of assets.

depressant /dɪˈpɹɛsənt/ depressants n
dúlagrán
(pharmaceutical drug) A pharmacological substance which decreases neuronal or physiological activity.

depressed /dɪˈpɹɛst/ more depressed most depressed adj
in ísle brí
Unhappy; despondent.

depressing /dɪˈpɹɛsɪŋ(ɡ)/ /dɪˈpɹɛsɪŋ/ more depressing most depressing adj
gruama
Causing depression or sadness.

depression /dəˈpɹɛʃ(ə)n/ /dɪˈpɹɛʃən/ depressions n
easca ísleacht
(geography) An area that is lower in topography than its surroundings.

depth /dɛpθ/ depths n
doimhneacht
the vertical distance below a surface; the degree to which something is deep
(figuratively) the intensity, complexity, strength, seriousness or importance of an emotion, situation, etc.

depth charge depth charges n
lánán doimhneachta
(military, nautical, aviation) A form of bomb, launched from a ship or dropped from an aircraft, that is designed to detonate at a certain depth underwater for the purposes of attacking a submerged enemy, especially a submarine.

deputy /ˈdɛpjəti/ /ˈdɛpəti/ deputies n
teachta
(Ireland, often, capitalized) A member of Dáil Éireann, or the title of a member of Dáil Éireann.

deputy first minister deputy first ministers n
Leas-Príomh-Aire
(Northern Ireland) The leader of the second largest group in the Northern Ireland Assembly and joint-leader of the Northern Ireland Executive, with the same powers as the first minister.

derailleur /ˌdiˈɹeɪ.lɚ/ /ˌdiˈɹeɪl.jə/ /ˌdəˈɹeɪ.lɚ/ /ˌdəˈɹeɪl.jə/ derailleurs n
aistreoir slabhra
The mechanism on a bicycle used to move the chain from one sprocket (gear) to another.

derelict /ˈdɛɹəˌlɪk(t)/ /ˈdɛɹɪlɪkt/ more derelict most derelict adj
fágtha béal in airde tréigthe
Given up by the guardian or owner; abandoned, forsaken.
faillitheach faillíoch
(chiefly, US) Negligent in performing a duty; careless, deficient, neglectful, unfaithful.

derelict /ˈdɛɹəˌlɪk(t)/ /ˈdɛɹɪlɪkt/ derelicts n
long thréigthe
(uncountable, specifically, law) Property abandoned at sea with no hope of recovery and no expectation of being returned to its owner; (countable) an item of such property, especially a ship.
díbeartach éan scoite
(countable, dated) An abandoned or forsaken person; an outcast, a waif.
faillitheoir
(countable, by extension, derogatory) A homeless and/or jobless person; a vagrant; also, a person who is (perceived as) negligent in their hygiene and personal affairs.

dermal [ˈdɜːməɫ] adj
deirmeach
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to skin or integument (or other forms of tissue)

dermatologist /ˌdɜːməˈtɒlədʒɪst/ /ˌdɝ.mə.ˈtɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ dermatologists n
deirmeolaí
A person who is skilled in, professes or practices dermatology.

dermatology /ˌdɜːməˈtɒlədʒi/ dermatologies n
deirmeolaíocht
(medicine) The study of the skin and its diseases.

dermis /ˈdɜː.mɪs/ /ˈdɝ.mɪs/ dermides dermises n
deirm
(anatomy) The tissue of the skin underlying the epidermis.

descend /di-/ /dəˈsɛnd/ /dɪˈsɛnd/ v
síolaigh
(transitive) To pass from a higher to a lower part of (something, such as a flight of stairs or a slope); to go down along or upon.
(intransitive) Of a characteristic: to be transmitted from a parent to a child.
ísligh
(intransitive) To physically move or pass from a higher to a lower place or position; to come or go down in any way, such as by climbing, falling, flowing, walking, etc.; to move downwards; to fall, to sink.
(reflexive) To come down to a humbler or less fortunate, or a worse or less virtuous, rank or state; to abase or lower oneself; to condescend or stoop to something.
(intransitive, often, passive voice) Chiefly followed by from or (obsolete) of: to come down or derive from an ancestor or ancestral stock, or a source; to originate, to stem.

descendant /dɪˈsɛndənt/ descendants n
sliochtach
One of the progeny of a specified person, at any distance of time or through any number of generations.

description /dɪˈskɹɪpʃən/ descriptions n
comharthaí comharthaí aithne comharthaí sóirt
A set of characteristics by which someone or something can be recognized.

desecrate /ˈdɛs.ə.kɹeɪ̯t/ /ˈdɛs.ɪ.kɹeɪ̯t/ v
truailligh
(transitive) To profane or violate the sacredness or sanctity of something.

desert /dəˈzɑɹt/ /ˈdɛz.ət/ /ˈdɛz.ɚt/ deserts n
fásach gaineamhlach
(informal) In particular, a barren, arid area of land which is hot, with sandy, rocky, or parched ground.
A barren area of land or desolate terrain, especially one with little water or vegetation; a wasteland.

desert /dəˈzɝt/ /dɪˈzɜːt/ /dɪˈzɝt/ v
tréig
To leave (anything that depends on one's presence to survive, exist, or succeed), especially when contrary to a promise or obligation; to abandon; to forsake.

deserted /dəˈzɜɹtəd/ /dɪˈzɜː(ɹ)tɪd/ [dəˈzɝɾəd] more deserted most deserted adj
tréigthe
(of a place) Abandoned, without people.

desiccate /dɪˈsɪkeɪt/ /ˈdɛsɪkeɪt/ /ˈdɛsɪkət/ v
triomaigh
(transitive) To remove moisture from; to dry. [from late 16th c.]

desiccation /ˌdɛsɪˈkeɪʃən/ desiccations n
triomú
(uncountable) The state or process of being desiccated

design /dɪˈzaɪn/ designs n
dearadh

designing more designing most designing adj
aidhmeannach
artful; scheming

desire /diˈzaɪɚ/ /diˈzaɪɹ/ /dɪˈzaɪə/ /dɪˈzaɪɚ/ /dɪˈzaɪɹ/ desires n
mian dúil fonn saint
(uncountable) The feeling of desiring; an eager longing for something.
(uncountable) Strong attraction, particularly romantic or sexual.
mian
(countable) Someone or something wished for.

desire line /-ˈzaɪɚ/ /di-/ /dɪˈzaɪə laɪn/ /dɪˈzaɪɹ laɪn/ desire lines n
mianlíne
A path that pedestrians or vehicles take informally rather than taking a sidewalk or set route, for example, a well-worn ribbon of dirt cutting across a patch of grass, or a path in the snow.

desirous /dɪˈzaɪəɹəs/ /dɪˈzaɪɹəs/ more desirous most desirous adj
dúilmhear fonnmhar geallmhar miangasach mianúil áilíosach
Feeling desire; eagerly wishing; eager to obtain.

desk /dɛsk/ desks n
deasc
A table, frame, or case, in past centuries usually with a sloping top but now usually with a flat top, for the use of writers and readers. It often has a drawer or repository underneath.
A station for a string player in an orchestra, consisting of a chair and a music stand, or a row of such stations.

desktop /ˈdɛsktɒp/ [ˈdɛsk.ˌtɑp] [ˈdɛsk.ˌtɒp] [ˈdɛsk.ˌtɔp] desktops n
ríomhaire deisce
(computing) A desktop computer.
deasc
(computing, GUI) The main graphical user interface of an operating system, usually displaying icons, windows and background wallpaper.

desktop computer /ˈdɛsktɒpˌkəmˈpjuːtə/ desktop computers n
ríomhaire deisce
A computer of a size designed to be used on a desk or table, as opposed to larger machines, such as mainframes, and smaller machines, such as laptops and palmtops.

desktop publishing n
foilsitheoireacht deisce
(computer graphics) The use of page layout software on a desktop computer to produce publishable documents.

despair /dɪˈspɛə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈspɛɚ/ despairs n
éadóchas
Loss of hope; utter hopelessness; complete despondency.

desperation /ˌdɛspəˈɹeɪʃən/ desperations n
anbhá
A state of despair, or utter hopelessness; abandonment of hope.

despise /dɪˈspaɪz/ v
drochmheas a bheith agat fuath a bheith agat
To regard with contempt or scorn.

despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ preposition
in ainneoin ainneoin d'ainneoin

despoil /dɪˈspɔɪl/ v
creach
(transitive) To plunder; to pillage; take spoil from.

despondency /dɪˈspɒndənsi/ despondencies n
anaoibh gruaim
A feeling of depression or disheartenment.

despot /ˈdɛs.pɒt/ /ˈdɛs.pət/ /ˈdɛz.pɒt/ despots n
forlámhaí
A ruler with absolute power; a tyrant.

despotism /ˈdɛspətɪzəm/ despotisms n
forlámhas smachtúlacht tíorántacht
Government by a despot or despots: rule by a singular authority, either a single person or a tight-knit group, which rules with absolute power, especially in a cruel and oppressive way.

dessert /dɪˈzɜːt/ /dɪˈzɝt/ desserts n
milseog
A sweet dish or confection served as the last course of a meal.

destitute /ˈdɛstɪtjuːt/ /ˈdɛstɪtuːt/ /ˈdɛstɪtʃuːt/ more destitute most destitute adj
ainbhleitheach dealbh dealúsach díchairdiúil díothach
(followed by the preposition "of") Lacking something; devoid.

destitution /dɛstɪˈtjuːʃən/ /dɛstɪˈtuːʃən/ /dɛstɪˈtʃuːʃən/ destitutions n
díothacht
The condition of lacking something.
An extreme state of poverty, in which a person is almost completely lacking in resources or means of support.

destroy /dɪˈstɹɔɪ/ v
slad loit
(ambitransitive) To damage beyond use or repair; to damage (something) to the point that it effectively ceases to exist.

destroyer /dəˈstɹɔɪ.ɚ/ destroyers n
argthóir díothóir loitiméir malartach millteach millteoir
That which destroys something.

destruction /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/ destructions n
loitiméireacht argain eirleach líomhadh urbhaidh
The act of destroying.

destructive /dɪˈstɹʊktɪv/ /dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/ more destructive most destructive adj
arganach sladach urbhadhach
Causing destruction; damaging.

destructiveness n
loitiméireacht
the state or quality of being destructive

detached house detached houses n
teach aonair teach scoite
A free-standing, single-family dwelling unit that does not share a common wall with any other structure.

detain /dɪˈteɪn/ v
coinnigh
(transitive, law enforcement) To put under custody.

detection /dɪˈtek.ʃən/ /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/ detections n
brathadóireacht lorgaireacht
The act or process of detecting, uncovering, or finding out, the discovery of something new, hidden, or disguised.

detective /dɪˈtɛktɪv/ detectives n
bleachtaire
(law enforcement) A police officer who looks for evidence as part of solving a crime; an investigator.
bleachtaire lorgaire
A person employed to find information not otherwise available to the public.

detector /dɪˈtɛktə(ɹ)/ detectors n
brathadóir
A device capable of registering a specific substance or physical phenomenon, and that optionally sounds an alarm or triggers a warning.

detention /dɪˈtɛnʃən/ detentions n
coinneáil
(uncountable) The act of detaining or the state of being detained.

detergent /dɪˈtɜːdʒənt/ detergents n
glantach
Any non-soap cleaning agent, especially a synthetic surfactant.

deteriorate /dəˈtɪɹ.i.eɪt/ /dəˈtɪɹ.iə.ɹeɪt/ /dɪˈtɪə.ɹɪ.eɪt/ /dɪˈtɪə.ɹɪə.ɹeɪt/ v
meath meathlaigh
(intransitive) To grow worse; to be impaired in quality; to degenerate.

determinant /dɪˈtɜːmɪnənt/ /dɪˈtɝmənənt/ /dɪˈtɝmɪnənt/ determinants n
cinntitheach
A determining factor; an element that determines the nature of something.

determination /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃən/ determinations n
cinntiúchán
The act of determining, or the state of being determined.

determiner /dɪˈtɜː.mɪ.nə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈtɝ.mɪ.nɚ/ determiners n
cinntitheach
(grammar) A member of a class of words functioning in a noun phrase to identify or distinguish a referent without describing or modifying it.

detest /dɪˈtɛst/ v
an ghráin a bheith agat ar
(transitive) To dislike (someone or something) intensely; to loathe.

detestable /dɪˈtɛstəbl̩/ more detestable most detestable adj
gráiniúil
Stimulating disgust or detestation; offensive; shocking.

detonation /dɛtəˈneɪʃən/ detonations n
madhmadh
(chemistry) An explosion or sudden report made by the near-instantaneous decomposition or combustion of unstable substances. Specifically, combustion that spreads supersonically via shock compression.

detour /ˈdi.toɹ/ /ˈdiː.tɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈdiː.tʊə(ɹ)/ detours n
cor bealaigh athbhealach cúrsa timpill malairt slí seachród
A diversion or deviation from one's original route.

detractor detractors n
cáinteoir
A person who belittles the worth of another person or cause.

detrimental /ˌdɛtɹɪˈmɛntəl/ more detrimental most detrimental adj
aimhleasach dochrach díobhálach
Causing damage or harm.

detritus /dɪˈtɹaɪ.təs/ detrita detritus n
turscar
(biology, ecology) Organic waste material from decomposing dead plants or animals.

deuce /djuːs/ /dus/ /d͡ʒuːs/ /ˈdjʉs/ /ˈd͡ʒʉs/ deuces n
dias
(tennis) A tied game where either player can win by scoring two consecutive points.

deuce /djuːs/ /duːs/ deuces n
diucs
(epithet) The Devil, used in exclamations of confusion or anger.

devastate /ˈdev.ə.stæɪt/ /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/ v
slad
To ruin many or all things over a large area, such as most or all buildings of a city, or cities of a region, or trees of a forest.

devastating more devastating most devastating adj
sladach
causing devastation

devastation /ˌdɛ.vəˈsteɪ.ʃən/ devastations n
buairt bánú croíbhriseadh léirscrios réabadh scrios
The act of devastating, or the state of being devastated; a laying waste.

development /dɪˈvɛləpmənt/ developments n
forás
(chess, uncountable) The active placement of the pieces, or the process of achieving it.

devil /ˈdɛvəl/ /ˈdɛvɪl/ devils n
diabhal
(theology) An evil creature, the objectification of a hostile and destructive force.
diabhal áibhirseoir
A wicked or naughty person, or one who harbors reckless, spirited energy, especially in a mischievous way; usually said of a young child.

devil /ˈdɛvəl/ /ˈdɛvɪl/ pn
diabhal
(theology) The chief devil; Satan.

devil's claw devil's claws n
crobh an diabhail
Anything considered ugly or potentially harmful resembling a claw in appearance or behavior:

devil's coach-horse devil's coach-horses n
deargadaol

devilish /ˈdɛvəlɪʃ/ /ˈdɛvɪlɪʃ/ more devilish most devilish adj
diail
(informal) Extreme, excessive.

devilry /ˈdɛv.əl.ɹi/ /ˈdɛv.ɪl.ɹi/ devilries n
deamhnacht
diabhlaíocht rógaireacht áibhirseoireacht
Mischief.
diabhlaíocht
An action performed with the help of a devil; witchcraft.

devise /dɪˈvaɪz/ v
cum
(transitive) To use one’s intellect to plan or design (something).

devote /dɪˈvoʊt/ /dɪˈvəʊt/ v
tabhair
to give one's time, focus one's efforts, commit oneself, etc. entirely for, on, or to a certain matter

devoted /dɪˈvəʊtəd/ more devoted most devoted adj
díograiseach dúthrachtach práinneach
Zealous; characterized by devotion.

devotee /ˌdɛvəˈtiː/ devotees n
vóitín
(religion) A believer in a particular religion or god.

devotion /dɪˈvoʊʃən/ /dɪˈvəʊʃən/ devotions n
crábhadh cráifeacht
(uncountable) Religious veneration, zeal, or piety.

devout /dəˈvʌʊt/ /dɪˈvaʊt/ devouter devoutest more devout most devout adj
cráifeach urnaitheach
Devoted to religion or to religious feelings and duties; pious; extremely religious.

dew /d(j)uː/ /djuː/ /dɪu̯/ /d͡ʒ(j)uː/ dews n
drúcht
(uncountable) Moisture in the air that settles on plants, etc in the morning or evening, resulting in drops.

dew point dew points n
drúchtphointe
The temperature at which the air becomes saturated and water vapor condenses to form dew.

dewlap /ˈdju.læp/ /ˈdjuː.læp/ /ˈdu.læp/ dewlaps n
preiceall sprochaille
The pendulous skin under the neck of an ox, or a similar feature on any other animal.
preiceall
The sagging flesh on the throat of an elderly human.

diacritical mark diacritical marks n
comhartha diaicritice comhartha idirdhealaitheach
(orthography, typography) A symbol in writing used with a letter to indicate a different pronunciation, stress, tone, or meaning.

diadem /ˈdaɪ.ə.dəm/ /ˈdaɪ.ə.dɛm/ diadems n
mionn (ríoga)
An ornamental headband worn as a badge of royalty.
A crown.

diaeresis /daɪˈɛɹəsɪs/ /daɪˈɛɹɪsɪs/ /daɪˈɪəɹɪsɪs/ diaereses n
déiréis idirphonc ionnlach
(orthography) A diacritic (◌̈) placed over a vowel letter (especially the second of two consecutive ones) indicating that it is sounded separately, usually forming a distinct syllable, as in the English words naïve, Noël and Brontë, the French haïr and the Dutch ruïne.

diagenetic adj
carraig-ghiniúna
(geology) of, or relating to diagenesis

diagnostician diagnosticians n
aitheantóir
A person who diagnoses, especially a medical doctor.

diagonal /daɪˈæɡnəl/ /daɪˈæɡənəl/ /dɑɪˈæɡ.ə.nəl/ diagonals n
trasnán
(geometry) A line or plane at an oblique angle to another.
Anything forming or resembling such a line, particularly:

diagonal matrix diagonal matrices n
maitrís thrasnánach
(linear algebra) A matrix in which the entries outside the main diagonal are all zero.

dialect /ˈdaɪ.əˌlɛkt/ dialects n
canúint
(linguistics, strict sense) A lect (often a regional or minority language) as part of a group or family of languages, especially if they are viewed as a single language, or if contrasted with a standardized idiom that is considered the 'true' form of the language (for example, Bavarian as contrasted with Standard German).
(linguistics, broad sense) A variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular area, community, or social group, differing from other varieties of the same language in relatively minor ways as regards grammar, phonology, and lexicon.

dialectal /ˌdaɪəˈlɛktəl/ more dialectal most dialectal adj
canúnach
Of or relating to a dialect.
Peculiar to a (nonstandard) variety or lect.

dialectics /daɪəˈlɛktɪks/ n
dialachtaíocht
(philosophy, uncountable) A systematic method of argument that attempts to resolve the contradictions in opposing views or ideas.

dialyzer dialyzers n
scagdhealaitheoir
(medicine) The part of a hemodialysis machine that performs filtration by unequal diffusion through membranes

diameter /daɪˈæməɾɚ/ /daɪˈæmɪtə(ɹ)/ /daɪˈæmɪɾɚ/ diameters n
trastomhas lárlíne
(geometry) The length of such a line.

diametrical more diametrical most diametrical adj
lárlíneach

diamond /ˈdaɪ.(ə.)mənd/ adj
diamaint
Made of, or containing diamond, a diamond or diamonds.

diamond /ˈdaɪ.(ə.)mənd/ diamonds n
diamaint diamant
(uncountable) A glimmering glass-like mineral that is an allotrope of carbon in which each atom is surrounded by four others in the form of a tetrahedron.
diamant
A gemstone made from this mineral.
(baseball) The infield of a baseball field.
muileata
(geometry) The polyiamond made up of two triangles.
(card games) A card of the diamonds suit.

diamond crossover diamond crossovers n
trasnasc dúbailte
(rail transport) superimposed pair of railway crossovers, resembling a letter X, permitting to travel in either direction between a pair of parallel tracks

diamondiferous more diamondiferous most diamondiferous adj
diamantmhar
(mineralogy) Yielding diamond.

diaper /ˈdaɪ(ə)pə/ /ˈdaɪ(ə)pɚ/ diapers n
clúidín faicín pluideoga
(North America, Philippines, India) An absorbent garment worn by a baby, by a young child not yet toilet trained, or by an adult who is incontinent; a nappy.

diaphragm /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/ diaphragms n
scairt
(anatomy) In mammals, a sheet of muscle separating the thorax from the abdomen, contracted and relaxed in respiration to draw air into and expel air from the lungs; also called thoracic diaphragm.
diafram
A contraceptive device consisting of a flexible cup, used to cover the cervix during intercourse.
scannán
(mechanics) A flexible membrane separating two chambers and fixed around its periphery that distends into one or other chamber as the difference in the pressure in the chambers varies.
(acoustics) In a speaker, the thin, semi-rigid membrane which vibrates to produce sound.
spiara
(optics, photography) A thin opaque structure with a central aperture, used to limit the passage of light into a camera or similar device.

diarist /ˈdaɪəɹɪst/ diarists n
dialannaí
One who keeps a diary.

diarrhea /ˌdaɪ.əˈɹiː.ə/ diarrheas n
buinneach scaoing scuaid
A gastrointestinal disorder characterized by frequent and very soft or watery bowel movements.
The watery or very soft excrement that comes from such bowel movements.

diary /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɹi/ /ˈdaɪ.ɹi/ diaries n
dialann
A daily log of experiences, especially those of the writer.

diaspora /daɪˈæs.pə.ɹə/ /daɪˈæs.pɚ.ə/ /daɪˈæs.pɹə/ /diˈæs.pɚ.ə/ /diˈæs.pɹə/ diasporae diasporai diasporas n
diaspóra (na nGiúdach)
(historical) The dispersion of the Jews among the Gentiles after the Babylonian captivity (6th century BCE).
diaspóra
(collective) A group so dispersed, especially Jews outside of the land of Israel.

diatomaceous earth n
cré dhiatómúil
A light soil consisting of siliceous diatom remains and often used as a filtering material or microabrasive.

diatomic /daɪəˈtɒmɪk/ adj
dé-adamhach
(chemistry, of a molecule etc.) Consisting of two atoms.

dibble /ˈdɪb(ə)l/ dibbles n
stibhín
A pointed implement used to make holes in the ground in which to set out plants or to plant seeds.

dichogamy n
diceagamacht
(biology) The condition in which an organism changes sex during its lifetime.

dichromate /daɪˈkɹəʊmeɪt/ dichromates n
déchrómáit
(chemistry) Any salt of dichromic acid; in solution the orange dichromate anion.(Cr2O72-) is in equilibrium with the yellow chromate anion (CrO42-), the relative amount of each ion depending on the pH; they are both very powerful oxidizing agents

dick /dɪk/ dicks n
bod
(countable, and, uncountable, vulgar, slang) The penis.

dictate /ˈdɪkˌteɪt/ /ˌdɪkˈteɪt/ v
deachtaigh
To speak in order for someone to write down the words.

dictation /dɪkˈteɪʃən/ dictations n
deachtú
(countable, uncountable) Dictating, the process of speaking for someone else to write down the words.

dictator /dɪkˈteɪtə/ /ˈdɪkˌteɪtəɹ/ [-ɾəɹ] dictators n
deachtóir
A totalitarian leader of a country, nation, or government.

dictatorship /dɪkˈteɪtə(ɹ)ʃɪp/ /ˈdɪkteɪtəɹʃɪp/ dictatorships n
deachtóireacht
A type of government where absolute sovereignty is allotted to an individual or a small clique.

diction /ˈdɪkʃən/ dictions n
briathraíocht
The effectiveness and degree of clarity of word choice and expression.

dictionary /ˈdɪkʃnəɹi/ /ˈdɪkʃənəɹi/ /ˈdɪkʃənɹi/ /ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛɹi/ dictionaries n
foclóir
A reference work with a list of words from one or more languages, normally ordered alphabetically, explaining each word's meanings (senses), and sometimes also containing information on its etymology, pronunciation, usage, semantic relations, and translations, as well as other data.

didgeridoo /ˌdɪd͡ʒ.əɹ.iˈduː/ didgeridoos n
didiridiú
A musical instrument, endemic to the Top End of Australia, consisting of a long hollowed-out log which, when blown into, produces a low, deep mesmerising drone with sweeping rhythms.

die /daɪ/ dice dies n
dísle
An isohedral polyhedron, usually a cube, with numbers or symbols on each side and thrown in games of chance.

die /daɪ/ v
faigh bás
(intransitive) To stop living; to become dead; to undergo death.

die down v
síothlaigh
(intransitive, idiomatic) To become less virulent or strong; to subside.

diegetic /ˌdaɪəˈd͡ʒɛtɪk/ adj
insinte

diesel /ˈdisəl/ /ˈdizəl/ /ˈdiːzəl/ diesels n
díosal
A fuel derived from petroleum (or other oils) but heavier than gasoline/petrol. Used to power diesel engines which burn this fuel using the heat produced when air is compressed.

diesel engine diesel engines n
inneall díosail
(mechanical engineering) a piston engine that operates using the Diesel cycle, with fuel being sprayed into the hot, high-pressure air in the combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke

diesel-electric adj
díosal-leictreach

diet /ˈdaɪət/ diets n
aiste bia réim bia
The food and beverage a person or animal consumes.
réim aiste bia réim bia
(countable) A controlled regimen of food and drink, as to gain or lose weight or otherwise influence health.

dietetic /daɪəˈtɛtɪk/ adj
diaitéiteach
Relating to diet.
Relating to preparation for those on a restricted diet.

dietetics /daɪəˈtɛtɪks/ n
bia-eolaíocht
The study of diet and nutrition in relation to health and disease.

dietitian /daɪəˈtɪʃən/ dietitians n
bia-eolaí diaitéiteach
A person who studies or practices dietetics.

difference /ˈdɪf(ə)ɹəns/ differences n
difear
(uncountable) The quality of being different.
difríocht
(countable) A characteristic of something that makes it different from something else.
(countable) The result of a subtraction; sometimes the absolute value of this result.

different /ˈdɪfəɹ(ə)nt/ /ˈdɪfəɹənt/ /ˈdɪfɹənt/ more different most different adj
éagsúil difriúil
Not the same; exhibiting a difference.

difficult /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/ more difficult most difficult adj
deacair
Hard, not easy, requiring much effort.
ciotach
(often, _, of a, person, or a horse, etc) Hard to manage, uncooperative, troublesome.

difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ difficulties n
deacracht
The state of being difficult, or hard to do.
habal stró
An obstacle that hinders achievement of a goal.

diffidence /ˈdɪfɪdəns/ diffidences n
cotadh
The state of being diffident, timid or shy; reticence or self-effacement.

diffident /ˈdɪfɪdənt/ more diffident most diffident adj
náireach náiriúil
(archaic) Lacking confidence in others; distrustful.

diffuse /dɪˈfjus/ /dɪˈfjuːs/ more diffuse most diffuse adj
idirleata
Everywhere or throughout everything; not focused or concentrated.

diffuse /dɪˈfjuz/ /dɪˈfjuːz/ v
idirleath
(transitive) To spread over or through as in air, water, or other matter, especially by fluid motion or passive means.
(intransitive) To be spread over or through as in air, water, or other matter, especially by fluid motion or passive means.

diffusion /dɪˈfjuːʒən/ diffusions n
idirleathadh

dig /dɪɡ/ v
tochail rómhair
(transitive, intransitive) To move hard-packed earth out of the way, especially downward to make a hole with a shovel. Or to drill, or the like, through rocks, roads, or the like. More generally, to make any similar hole by moving material out of the way.
tuig
(dated, _, slang) To understand.
(dated, _, slang, transitive) To appreciate, or like.
bain
(transitive) To get by digging; to take from the ground; often with up.

digest /daɪˈd͡ʒɛst/ /dəˈd͡ʒɛst/ v
díleáigh
(transitive) To separate (the food) in its passage through the alimentary canal into the nutritive and nonnutritive elements; to prepare, by the action of the digestive juices, for conversion into blood; to convert into chyme.

digestion /daɪˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/ /dɪˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/ digestions n
díleá
The process, in the gastrointestinal tract, by which food is converted into substances that can be used by the body.

digestive biscuit digestive biscuits n
briosca caiscíneach briosca díleách
(British, Ireland) A semisweet biscuit; sometimes dunked in tea, or crushed as the base of a cheesecake

digestive system digestive systems n
coimpléasc
(anatomy) A system of organs for the purpose of digesting food.

digestive tract digestive tracts n
canáil an bhia
System of organs within multicellular animals which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste.

digit /ˈdɪd͡ʒɪt/ digits n
figiúr
(mathematics) A distinct symbol representing a natural number in a positional number system.

digital footprint digital footprints n
lorg digiteach
(telecommunications) Digital evidence of a person's activities and interactions with others on the Internet, TV, mobile devices, etc.

diglossia /ˌdaɪˈɡlɑsi.ə/ /ˌdaɪˈɡlɒsi.ə/ n
débhéascna
(linguistics, sociology) The coexistence in a given population of two closely related native languages or dialects, one of which is regarded as more prestigious than the other; the similar coexistence of two unrelated languages. [from 1959]

dignified /ˈdɪɡnɪfaɪd/ more dignified most dignified adj
ardcheannach maorga státúil
Having an attitude or bearing that connotes respectability and poise.

dignity /ˈdɪɡnɪti/ dignities n
dínit ardchéim gradam
The state of being dignified or worthy of esteem: elevation of mind or character.
ardchéim dínit maorgacht uaisleacht
Decorum, formality, stateliness.
ardchéim
High office, rank, or station.

digraph /ˈdaɪɡɹæf/ /ˈdaɪɡɹɑːf/ digraphs n
délitir
(computing) A two-character sequence used to enter a single conceptual character.
(linguistics) A pair of letters, especially a pair representing a single phoneme.

dihedron /daɪˈhiːdɹɒn/ dihedra dihedrons n
déhéadrán
(geometry) A polyhedron having two faces

dik-dik dik-dik dik-diks n
dic-dic
A small antelope of the genus Madoqua, native to southern and eastern Africa, having an elongated snout, a brown or grey/gray coat with a white belly, and an upright tuft on the crown.

dilapidated /dɪˈlæpɪdeɪtəd/ more dilapidated most dilapidated adj
ainriochtach
Having fallen into a state of disrepair or deterioration, especially through neglect.

dilatation /dɪleɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌdaɪleɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌdaɪləˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ dilatations n
leatacht

dilation /daɪˈleɪʃən/ dilations n
leathadh

dilatoriness dilatorinesses n
leadrán leadránacht
The state or quality of being dilatory.

dilatory /daɪˈleɪt(ə)ɹi/ /ˈdɪlət(ə)ɹi/ adj
adhastrach leadránach
Intentionally delaying (someone or something), intended to cause delay, gain time, or adjourn decision.

dildo /ˈdɪldoʊ/ /ˈdɪldəʊ/ [ˈdɪɫdoʊ] [ˈdɪɫdəʊ] dildoes dildos n
bod bréige
An artificial phallus (penis) for sexual use.

dilemma /daɪˈlɛmə/ /dɪˈlɛmə/ dilemmas dilemmata n
aincheist
A circumstance in which a choice must be made between two or more alternatives that seem equally undesirable.

dill /dɪl/ dills n
lus mín
Anethum graveolens (the type species of the genus Anethum), a herb, the seeds of which are moderately warming, pungent, and aromatic, formerly used as a soothing medicine for children; also known as dillseed.

dilute /daɪˈljuːt/ /daɪˈlut/ /dɪˈlut/ more dilute most dilute adj
caol
Weak; reduced in strength by dilution; diluted.

dim /dɪm/ v
ísligh
(transitive) To make something less bright.
(intransitive) To become darker.

dimension /daɪˈmɛnʃən/ /dɪˈmɛnʃən/ dimensions n
gné
A single aspect of a given thing.
toise
A measure of spatial extent in a particular direction, such as height, width or breadth, or depth.
(geometry) The number of independent coordinates needed to specify uniquely the location of a point in a space; also, any of such independent coordinates.
(linear algebra) The number of elements of any basis of a vector space.

diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ v
beagaigh laghdaigh
(transitive) To lessen the authority or dignity of; to put down; to degrade; to abase; to weaken; to nerf (in gaming).

diminution /dɪmɪˈnjuːʃən/ diminutions n
laghdú
A lessening, decrease or reduction.

diminutive /dəˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/ /dɪˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/ /dɪˈmɪn.jʊ.tɪv/ more diminutive most diminutive adj
bídeach
Very small.

diminutive /dəˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/ /dɪˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/ /dɪˈmɪn.jʊ.tɪv/ diminutives n
díspeagadh
(grammar) A word form expressing smallness, youth, unimportance, or endearment.

dimness dimnesses n
laige
The state of being dim, poorly illuminated, almost dark.

dimorphism /daɪˈmɔːfɪzəm/ dimorphisms n
démhorfacht
(biology) The occurrence within a plant of two distinct forms of any part.
(biology) The occurrence in an animal species of two distinct types of individual.
(geology) A property of certain substances that enables them to exist in two distinct crystalline forms.

dimple /ˈdɪmpəl/ dimples n
loigín
A small depression or indentation in a surface.
Specifically, a small natural depression on the skin, especially on the face near the corners of the mouth.

din /dɪn/ dins n
gleo
A loud noise; a cacophony or loud commotion.

diner /ˈdaɪnə(ɹ)/ diners n
bialann
(US) A typically small restaurant, usually modeled after a railroad dining car, that serves lower-class fare, normally having a counter with stools along one side and booths on the other, and often decorated in 50s and 60s pop culture themes and playing popular music from those decades.

dinghy /ˈdɪŋ(ɡ)i/ /ˈdɪŋ.i/ dinghies n
báidín calaidh
(nautical) A small open boat, propelled by oars or paddles, carried as a tender, lifeboat, or pleasure craft on a ship.

dingle /ˈdɪŋɡl̩/ dingles n
fothair
A small, narrow or enclosed, usually wooded valley.

dingo /ˈdɪŋɡəʊ/ v
diongó
(Australia, informal, transitive, intransitive) To renege on an agreement or situation.
(Australia, informal, transitive, intransitive) To let down another individual.

dining car dining cars n
bialann proinncharr
(rail) A carriage on a train that functions as a restaurant.

dining hall dining halls n
proinnteach
a large room, typically in schools or colleges, where people eat together

dining room dining rooms n
seomra bia proinnseomra
A room, in a home or hotel, where meals are eaten. Some restaurants provide private dining rooms for hire, away from the main public eating areas.

dining table dining tables n
bord seomra bia
A table, usually in a dining room, on which meals are served.

dinner /ˈdɪnə/ /ˈdɪnəɹ/ [ˈdɪnɚ] dinners n
dinnéar
A midday meal (in a context in which the evening meal is called supper or tea).
The main meal of the day, often eaten in the evening.
A formal meal for many people eaten for a special occasion.

dinnerplate dinnerplates n
pláta mór
A plate on which dinner can be served.

dinosaur /ˈdaɪnəsɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈdʌɪnəsɔːɹ/ dinosaurs n
dineasár
(proscribed) Any extinct reptile, not necessarily belonging to Dinosauria, that existed between about 230 million and 65 million years ago.

dint /dɪnt/ dints n
ding
The mark left by a blow; an indentation or impression made by violence; a dent.

diocese /-siz/ /ˈdaɪ.ə.sɪs/ dioceses n
deoise
Administrative division of the later Roman Empire, starting with the tetrarchy.
(religion) Region administered by a bishop.

dioxide /daɪˈɒksaɪd/ /ˈdaɪɔksaɪd/ dioxides n
dé-ocsaíd
(chemistry) Any oxide containing two oxygen atoms in each molecule.

dip /dɪp/ dips n
claonas
A lower section of a road or geological feature.

dip /dɪp/ v
tum ísligh
(transitive) To lower (a flag), particularly a national ensign, to a partially hoisted position in order to render or to return a salute. While lowered, the flag is said to be “at the dip.” A flag being carried on a staff may be dipped by leaning it forward at an approximate angle of 45 degrees.
tum
(transitive) To treat cattle or sheep by immersion in chemical solution.
ísligh
To consume snuff by placing a pinch behind the lip or under the tongue so that the active chemical constituents of the snuff may be absorbed into the system for their narcotic effect.
(transitive, dance) To perform a dip dance move (often phrased with the leader as the subject noun and the follower as the subject noun being dipped)

diphtheria /dɪfˈθɪəɹɪə/ /dɪfˈθɪɹi.ə/ /dɪpˈθɪəɹɪə/ /dɪpˈθɪɹi.ə/ diphtherias n
diftéire
(pathology) A serious infectious disease leading to inflammation of mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

diphthong /ˈdɪfˌθɑŋ/ /ˈdɪfˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˈdɪfˌθɔŋ/ /ˈdɪpˌθɑŋ/<a:proscribed> /ˈdɪpˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˈdɪpˌθɔŋ/ ; diphthongs n
défhoghar
(phonetics) A complex vowel sound that begins with the sound of one vowel and ends with the sound of another vowel, in the same syllable.

diplomat /ˈdɪp.lə.mæt/ diplomats n
taidhleoir
A person, such as an ambassador, who is accredited to represent a government officially in its relations with other governments or international organisations

diplomatic mission diplomatic missions n
misean taidhleoireachta
A group of people (including diplomats) from one nation present in another as authorized representatives of the first, a foreign mission.

dipper /ˈdɪpə/ /ˈdɪpɚ/ dippers n
gabha dubh
Any of various small passerine birds of the genus Cinclus that live near fast-flowing streams and feed along the bottom.

dipping needle dipping needles n
snáthaid chlaonais
A magnetic needle suspended at its center of gravity, and moving freely in a vertical plane, so as to indicate on a graduated circle the magnetic dip or inclination.

diptych /ˈdɪptɪk/ diptychs n
diptic
A writing tablet consisting of two leaves of rigid material connected by hinges and shutting together so as to protect the writing within.
(arts) A picture or series of pictures painted on two tablets, usually connected by hinges.
(Christianity) A double catalogue, containing in one part the names of living, and in the other of deceased, ecclesiastics and benefactors of a church.

dire /ˈdaɪ̯ə(ɹ)/ direr direst more dire most dire adj
léanmhar
(informal) Bad in quality, awful, terrible.

direct /d(a)ɪˈɹɛkt/ /daɪ̯əˈɹɛkt/ /dəˈɹɛkt/ v
deachtaigh treoraigh
To manage, control, steer.

direct current direct currents n
sruth díreach
(physics) An electric current that always flows in the same direction but may differ in intensity over time.

direct debit direct debits n
dochar díreach
a single order to allow a commercial, or similar entity to charge directly to one's bank for a regular payment.

direction /d(a)ɪˈɹɛk.ʃən/ directions n
slí
A theoretical line (physically or mentally) followed from a point of origin or towards a destination. May be relative (e.g. up, left, outbound, dorsal), geographical (e.g. north), rotational (e.g. clockwise), or with respect to an object or location (e.g. toward Boston).
díriú
Guidance, instruction.

directive /daɪˈɹɛk.tɪv/ /dəˈɹɛk.tɪv/ /dɪˈɹɛk.tɪv/ directives n
treoir
An instruction or guideline that indicates how to perform an action or reach a goal.

directly /daɪˈɹɛk(t)li/ /dɪˈɹɛk(t)li/ more directly most directly adv
go díreach
In a direct manner; in a straight line or course.
Plainly, without circumlocution or ambiguity; absolutely; in express terms.
Exactly; just; at the shortest possible distance.

director /daɪˈɹɛktə(ɹ)/ /daɪˈɹɛktɚ/ /daɪ̯əˈɹɛktə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈɹɛktə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈɹɛktɚ/ directors n
stiúrthóir
One who directs; the person in charge of managing a department or directorate (e.g., director of engineering), project, or production (as in a show or film, e.g., film director).
diúracóir
(military) A device that displays graphical information concerning the targets of a weapons system in real time.

directress directresses n
banstiúrthóir
A female director.

dirge /dɜːdʒ/ /dɝd͡ʒ/ dirges n
caoineadh
A mournful poem or piece of music composed or performed as a memorial to a dead person.

dirigible /ˈdɪɹ.ə.d͡ʒə.bəl/ /ˈdɪɹɪdʒəbəɫ/ dirigibles n
aerlong
(aviation) A self-propelled airship that can be steered.

dirt /dɜːt/ /dɝt/ dirts n
brocamas salachar
(chiefly, US) Soil or earth.

dirt cheap more dirt cheap most dirt cheap adj
[[an-]]saor ar shladmhargadh
(informal) Very cheap; easily affordable.

dirt-poor adj
beo bocht
(idiomatic) In a condition of extreme poverty.

dirty /ˈdɜːti/ /ˈdɝti/ [ˈdɝɾi] dirtier dirtiest adj
salach cáidheach
Unclean; covered with or containing unpleasant substances such as dirt or grime.
salach cáidheach gáirsiúil
Morally unclean; obscene or indecent, especially sexually.
cáidheach
Sleety; gusty; stormy.

dirty /ˈdɜːti/ /ˈdɝti/ [ˈdɝɾi] v
salaigh
(transitive) To make (something) dirty.
(intransitive) To become soiled.

dirty bomb dirty bombs n
buama salach
A device containing conventional explosives and radioactive material, designed to spread radiation over a wide area.

dirty look dirty looks n
drochshúil
(idiomatic) An unpleasant or disdainful look or expression, often directed at someone.

disabled [dɪsˈeɪbəɫd] more disabled most disabled adj
díchumasaithe inrochtain
Made incapable of use or action.
faoi mhíchumas
Having a disability.

disabled [dɪsˈeɪbəɫd] disabled disableds n
duine faoi mhíchumas
(nonstandard) One who is disabled. (often used collectively as the disabled, but sometimes also singular)

disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/ /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ disadvantages n
míbhuntáiste
A weakness or undesirable characteristic; a con.
A setback or handicap.

disadvantageous /dɪsˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/ more disadvantageous most disadvantageous adj
míbhuntáisteach
Not advantageous.

disaffection /dɪsəˈfɛkʃən/ disaffections n
aimhriar eascairdeas mídhílseacht míshástacht neamhthairiseacht
Discontent; unrest.

disagreeable [dɪsəˈɡɹi.əbəɫ] more disagreeable most disagreeable adj
míthaitneamhach
Causing repugnance; unpleasant to the feelings or senses; displeasing.

disappoint /dɪsəˈpɔɪnt/ /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt/ v
cuir díomá ar
(transitive) To sadden or displease (someone) by underperforming, or by not delivering something promised or hoped for.

disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ more disappointed most disappointed adj
díomá a bheith ort díomách
Defeated of expectations or hope; experiencing disappointment; let down.

disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ disappointments n
díomá ábhar díomá
(countable) An example or the act of disappointing: a circumstance in which a positive expectation is not achieved.

disaster /dɪˈzæs.tə/ /dɪˈzæs.tɚ/ /dɪˈzɑːs.tə(ɹ)/ disasters n
tubaiste anachain
An unexpected natural or man-made catastrophe of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life or sometimes permanent change to the natural environment.

disastrous /dɪˈzaː.stɹəs/ /dɪˈzæs.tɹəs/ /dɪˈzɑː.stɹəs/ more disastrous most disastrous adj
ainiarmhartach

disband /dɪsˈbænd/ v
scaoil
(ambitransitive) To break up or (cause to) cease to exist; to disperse.

disbar /dɪsˈbɑː(ɹ)/ v
díbharraigh
(legal, transitive) To expel from the bar, or the legal profession; to deprive (an attorney, barrister, or counselor) of his or her status and privileges as such.

discernible /dɪˈsɜːnɪbl̩/ /dɪˈsɝnɪbl̩/ more discernible most discernible adj
infheicthe le feiceáil
Possible to discern; detectable or derivable by use of the senses or the intellect.

discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/ /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ /ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/ /ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/ discharges n
sileadh
(symptom, uncountable) Pus or exudate or mucus (but in modern usage not exclusively blood) from a wound or orifice, usually due to pathological or hormonal changes.

discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/ /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ /ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/ /ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/ v
urscaoil
(military) To release (a member of the armed forces) from service.
scaoil
To operate (any weapon that fires a projectile, such as a shotgun or sling).
folmhaigh scaoil
To let fly; to give expression to; to utter.

disciple /dɪˈsaɪ.pəl/ disciples n
dalta
A person who learns from another, especially one who then teaches others.
deisceabal
An active follower or adherent of someone, or some philosophy etc.

disciplinary /dɪsɪˈplɪnəɹi/ /ˈdɪs.ə.pləˌnɛɹi/ more disciplinary most disciplinary adj
smachtaithe
Having to do with discipline, or with the imposition of discipline.

discipline /ˈdɪs.ə.plən/ /ˈdɪs.ə.plɪn/ /ˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪn/ disciplines n
araíonacht
A punishment to train or maintain control.
araíonacht smacht
A controlled behaviour; self-control.
disciplín
A category in which a certain art, sport or other activity belongs.
A specific branch of knowledge, learning, or practice.

disco /ˈdɪskoʊ/ /ˈdɪskəʊ/ discos n
dioscó
(countable, slightly, dated) Clipping of discotheque, a nightclub for dancing.

discography /ˌdɪsˈkɑɡɹəfi/ /ˌdɪsˈkɒɡɹəfi/ discographies n
dioscliosta saothar taifeadta
List of all of the releases of a certain musical act, usually with release dates, and often with other information about the releases.

discomfort /dɪsˈkʌmfət/ /dɪsˈkʌmfɚt/ discomforts n
aineascaireacht anacair anó deacracht dochma dochracht
Mental or bodily distress.
athmhaltas
Something that disturbs one’s comfort; an annoyance.

discontinuous adj
bearnach briste neamhleanúnach
having breaks or interruptions; intermittent

discord /dɪsˈkɔɹd/ /dɪsˈkɔːd/ /ˈdɪskɔɹd/ /ˈdɪskɔːd/ discords n
imreas
Lack of concord, agreement or harmony; disaccord.
Tension or strife resulting from a lack of agreement; dissension.

discordant /dɪsˈkoɹ.dənt/ /dɪsˈkɔː.dənt/ more discordant most discordant adj
ainfhreagrach dainfhreagrach
Not in harmony or accord.
díchordach
Harsh or dissonant-sounding.

discount /dɪsˈkaʊnt/ /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ discounts n
lacáiste lascaine
A reduction in price.

discourteous /dɪsˈkɜːtɪəs/ more discourteous most discourteous adj
drochbhéasach drochmhúinte míchúirtéiseach mímhúinte neamhchúirtéiseach
impolite; lacking consideration for others

discourtesy /dɪsˈkɜːtəzi/ discourtesies n
míchúirtéis
Lack of courtesy; rudeness.

discretion /dɪˈskɹɛʃən/ discretions n
críonnacht
The ability to make wise choices or decisions.

discuss /dɪˈskas/ /dɪˈskʊs/ /dɪˈskʌs/ v
pléigh
(transitive) To converse or debate concerning a particular topic.

discussion /dɪsˈkʊʃən/ /dɪˈskʌʃən/ discussions n
aighneas
Conversation or debate concerning a particular topic.

disdain /dɪsˈdeɪn/ /dɪˈsteɪn/ n
dímheas
(uncountable) A feeling of contempt or scorn.

disease /dəˈziz/ /dɪˈziz/ /dɪˈziːz/ diseases n
galar aicíd
(medicine) An abnormal condition of a human, animal or plant that causes discomfort or dysfunction; distinct from injury insofar as the latter is usually instantaneously acquired.

diseased /dɪˈzizd/ /dɪˈziːzd/ more diseased most diseased adj
aicídeach galair galrach
Affected with or suffering from disease.

disequilibrium disequilibria disequilibriums n
éagothromaíocht
The loss of equilibrium or stability, especially due to an imbalance of forces.

disfigure /dɪsˈfɪɡjɚ/ /dɪsˈfɪɡə/ v
ainimhigh máchailigh
to irreversibly damage the shape or structure of something, negatively affecting its appearance or functionality without completely destroying it.

disgrace /dɪsˈɡɹeɪs/ /dɪzˈɡɹeɪs/ v
adhnáirigh
(transitive) To put someone out of favor; to bring shame or ignominy upon.

disgust /dɪsˈɡʌst/ /dɪzˈɡʌst/ /dɪˈskʌst/ n
déistin múisiam
An intense dislike or loathing someone feels for something bad or nasty.

disgusting /dɪsˈkʌstɪŋ/ /dɪsˈɡʊstɪŋ/ /dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ/ /dɪˈskʊstɪŋ/ disgustinger disgustingest more disgusting most disgusting adj
déistineach samhnasach
Causing disgust; repulsive; distasteful.

dish /dɪʃ/ dishes n
pláta
A vessel such as a plate for holding or serving food, often flat with a depressed region in the middle.

dish towel dish towels n
ceirt soithí
A piece of absorbent cloth for drying or wiping dishes, cups or silverware

dishcloth dishcloths n
ceirt soithí
A cloth used to wash dishes.
ceirt soithí tuáille gréithe éadach na soithí
A cloth used to dry dishes.

disheartened more disheartened most disheartened adj
scíth
Discouraged, despairing.

dishevelled /dɪsˈʃɛvəld/ /dɪˈʃɛvəld/ more dishevelled most dishevelled adj
aimhréidh ciafartach foltscaoilte gliobach
(by extension) Disorderly or untidy in appearance.

dishonest /dɪzˈɒnɛst/ /dɪzˈɒnɪst/ /dɪˈsɑnɪst/ /dɪˈsɒnɪst/ more dishonest most dishonest adj
ainionraic mí-ionraic mímhacánta
Not honest.

dishonesty /dɪsˈɒnɪ.sti/ dishonesties n
ainionracas caime caimiléireacht camastaíl eisionracas mí-ionracas
(uncountable) The characteristic or condition of being dishonest.

dishwasher /ˈdɪʃˌwɑʃɚ/ /ˈdɪʃˌwɒʃə/ dishwashers n
miasniteoir
A machine for washing dishes.

dishwater dishwaters n
uisce soitheach
Water that dishes and cooking utensils have been washed in.

disinclination /ˌdɪsɪŋklɪˈneɪʃən/ disinclinations n
leisce
The state of being disinclined; want of propensity, desire, or affection; slight aversion or dislike

disinformation /dɪsˌɪnfɚˈmeɪʃən/ /ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ v
bréagaisnéis bréageolas
(transitive) To use disinformation.

disintegrate /dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/ v
díscaoil
(intransitive) To fall apart, break up into parts.

disinter /ˌdɪsɪnˈtɜː(ɹ)/ v
dí-adhlaic
(transitive) To take out of the grave or tomb.
(transitive, figurative) To bring out, as from a grave or hiding place; to bring from obscurity into view.

disinterest /dɪsˈɪntɹɛst/ n
neamhshuim

disinterested /dɪˈsɪnt(ə)ɹɛstɪd/ more disinterested most disinterested adj
neamhleasmhar

disinterment disinterments n
dí-adhlacadh
The act of disinterring.

disk /dɪsk/ disks n
ceirnín
(dated) A vinyl phonograph/gramophone record.

dislike /dɪsˈlaɪk/ /ˈdɪslaɪk/ dislikes n
antoil snamh
An attitude or a feeling of distaste or aversion.

dislodge /dɪsˈlɒdʒ/ v
asáitigh
(transitive) To remove or force out from a position or dwelling previously occupied.

dislodgement dislodgements n
asáitiú
The state or process of being dislodged

disloyal [dɪsˈlɔɪ(j)əɫ] more disloyal most disloyal adj
aindílis mídhlisteanach mídhílis neamhdhlisteanach neamhthairiseach éadairiseach
Not loyal, without loyalty.

disloyalty /dɪsˈlɔɪ.(j)əɫ.ti/ disloyalties n
mídhílseacht
(uncountable) The quality of being disloyal.

dismay /dɪsˈmeɪ/ n
anbhá anfais
A sudden or complete loss of courage and firmness in the face of trouble or danger; overwhelming and disabling terror; a sinking of the spirits

dismayed more dismayed most dismayed adj
anfaiseach
Having the emotion of dismay.

dismount /dɪsˈmaʊnt/ v
tuirling
(ambitransitive) To (cause to) get off (something).

disobedience /dɪs.əˈbiː.dɪəns/ disobediences n
aimhriar anumhlaíocht doriarthacht easumhlaíocht míréir
Refusal to obey.

disobedient /dɪs.əˈbiː.dɪənt/ more disobedient most disobedient adj
aimhriarach anumhal doriartha dí-umhal easumhal easurramach
Not obedient.

disorder /dɪsˈɔːdə(ɹ)/ /dɪsˈɔːɹdɚ/ /dɪzˈɔːɹdəɹ/ disorders n
ainriail neamhord
Absence of order; state of not being arranged in an orderly manner.

disorderly /dɪsˈɔː.də.li/ more disorderly most disorderly adj
ainrialta caismirteach clamprach mí-iomprach mí-ordúil mírialta
Not in order; marked by disorder or disarray.

disparagement disparagements n
tarcaisne
The act of disparaging, of belittling.

disparager disparagers n
cáinteoir
One who disparages.

dispel [dɪˈspɛɫ] v
ruaig
(transitive) To drive away or cause to vanish by scattering.
(transitive) To remove (fears, doubts, objections etc.) by proving them unjustified.

dispenser /dɪˈspɛnsə/ dispensers n
riarthóir
An object used to dispense other items.

disperse /dɪˈspɜːs/ /dɪˈspɝs/ v
ruaig scaoil
(physics, transitive, intransitive) To separate rays of light, etc., according to wavelength; to refract.

dispersivity dispersivities n
easraitheacht
an empirical property of a porous medium that determines the characteristic dispersion of the medium by relating the components of pore velocity to the dispersion coefficient

display /dɪsˈpleɪ/ /ˈdɪspleɪ/ displays n
taispeántas
A show or spectacle.

display window display windows n
fuinneog
A large window at the front of a shop, behind which items for sale are displayed.

displeasing /dɪsˈpliːzɪŋ/ more displeasing most displeasing adj
míthaitneamhach
Unattractive, dislikable, objectionable.

displeasure /dɪsˈplɛʒə/ /dɪsˈplɛʒɚ/ displeasures n
míphléisiúr

disposition /ˌdɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ /ˌdɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ɪn/ dispositions n
méin
Tendency or inclination under given circumstances.
temperament, temperamental makeup or habitual mood.

disproportionate /dɪs.pɹəˈpɔːʃən.eɪt/ /dɪs.pɹəˈpɔːʃən.ət/ /ˈdɪs.pɹəˌpɔɹ.ʃən.eɪt/ /ˈdɪs.pɹəˌpɔɹ.ʃən.ət/ more disproportionate most disproportionate adj
díréireach
Not proportionate.
Out of proportion.

dispute /dɪsˈpjuːt/ /ˈdɪs.pjuːt/ disputes n
imreas
An argument or disagreement, a failure to agree.

disrespect /dɪsɹɪˈspɛkt/ disrespects n
anurraim dímheas mí-urraim
A lack of respect, esteem or courteous behaviour.

disrespectful [dɪsɹɪˈspɛktfəɫ] more disrespectful most disrespectful adj
mí-urramach neamhurramach
Lacking respect.

dissatisfied /dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd/ more dissatisfied most dissatisfied adj
míshásta
Not satisfied (e.g. with the quality of something).

disseminate /dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/ v
síolaigh
(transitive) To sow and scatter principles, ideas, opinions, etc, or concrete things, for growth and propagation, like seeds.
(intransitive) To become widespread.

dissimilar /dɪˈsɪmɪlə(ɹ)/ more dissimilar most dissimilar adj
difriúil éagsúil
Not similar; unalike; different.

dissimilarity /dɪˌsɪmɪˈlæɹɪti/ dissimilarities n
éagsúlacht
Lack of similarity or lack of likeness in appearance to something else.

dissociate /dɪˈsoʊ.si.eɪt/ /dɪˈsoʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ /dɪˈsəʊ.si.eɪt/ /dɪˈsəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ v
díthiomsaigh
(chemistry, transitive) To separate compounds into simpler component parts, usually by applying heat or through electrolysis.
(chemistry, intransitive) To undergo dissociation.

dissociation /dɪˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/ /dɪˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/ /dɪˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃən/ dissociations n
díchaidreamh
The act of dissociating or disuniting; a state of separation; disunion.
díthiomsú díthiomsúchán
(chemistry) The process by which a compound body breaks up into simpler constituents; said particularly of the action of heat on gaseous or volatile substances.

dissolute /ˈdɪsəljuːt/ more dissolute most dissolute adj
scaoilteach
Unrestrained by morality.
Recklessly abandoned to sensual pleasures.

dissolve /dɪˈzɑlv/ /dɪˈzɒlv/ v
scaoil
(transitive) To terminate a union of multiple members actively, as by disbanding.
díscaoil
(physical chemistry) (transitive) To disintegrate chemically into a solution by immersion into a liquid or other material.
(intransitive) To resolve itself as by dissolution.

distal /ˈdɪs.təl/ more distal most distal adj
aimhneasach foircneach
(anatomy, geology) Remote from the point of attachment or origin.

distant /ˈdɪstənt/ more distant most distant adj
coimhthíoch
Emotionally unresponsive or unwilling to express genuine feelings.

distaste /dɪsˈteɪst/ distastes n
déistin snamh
(obsolete) Aversion of the taste; dislike, as of food or drink; disrelish.

distemper /dɪsˈtɛmpə(ɹ)/ distempers n
conslaod
(archaic) A disorder of the humours of the body; a disease.

distil /dəˈstɪl/ /dɪˈstɪl/ v
driog
To heat (a substance, usually a liquid) so that a vapour is produced, and then to cool the vapour so that it condenses back into a liquid, either to purify the original substance or to obtain one of its components; to subject to distillation.

distillate /ˈdɪstɪlət/ distillates n
driogáit
The liquid that has been condensed from vapour during distillation; normally a purified form or a fraction of an original liquid.

distilled water distilled waters n
uisce driogtha
Water that has been purified by distillation.

distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ distincter distinctest more distinct most distinct adj
ar leith leithleach
Different from one another (with the preferable adposition being "from").

distort /dɪˈstɔɹt/ /dɪˈstɔːt/ v
athchum cam cuir as a chuma fiar
(transitive) To bring something out of shape, to misshape.
cuir as a ríocht cuir casadh i cuir cor i
(transitive) To give a false or misleading account of

distraction /dɪsˈtɹækʃən/ distractions n
cur isteach
Something that distracts.
seachmhall
The process of being distracted.
seachrán
Perturbation; disorder; disturbance; confusion.
Mental disarray; a deranged state of mind; insanity.

distress /dɪˈstɹɛs/ distresses n
angar crá
A cause of such discomfort.

distress /dɪˈstɹɛs/ v
cráigh
To cause strain or anxiety to someone.

distressed /dɪˈstɹɛst/ more distressed most distressed adj
anacrach angarach
Anxious or uneasy.

distressing /dɪˈstɹɛsɪŋ/ more distressing most distressing adj
anacrach anróiteach coscrach léanmhar
Causing distress; upsetting; distressful.

distributary distributaries n
tréig-abhainn
(hydrology) A stream of water (either natural or artificial) that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel.

distribute /dɪˈstɹɪbjut/ /dɪˈstɹɪbjuːt/ /ˈdɪstɹɪbjuːt/ v
scaoil
(transitive) To divide into portions and dispense.

distribution /ˌdɪstɹəˈbjuːʃən/ distributions n
leatacht
An act of distributing or state of being distributed.

distribution channel distribution channels n
bealach dáileacháin bealach dáilte bealach imdháilte
(business, marketing) the route by which goods or services are passed from producer to user

district attorney district attorneys n
ionchúisitheoir dúiche
(American) The title of the local public official who represents the government in the prosecution of alleged criminals.

district nurse district nurses n
banaltra cheantair
(medicine) a senior nurse leading teams of community nurses which provide health care to patients within their own homes.

disturbance /dɪˈstɜːbn̩s/ /dɪˈstɝbn̩s/ disturbances n
anbhuain

disulfide /daɪˈsʌlfaɪd/ disulfides n
déshuilfíd
(organic chemistry) A functional group with two sulfur atoms bonded to one another, described by the following formula: R–S–S–R'.

disyllabic /ˌdaɪ.sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ /ˌdɑɪ.sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ adj
déshiollach
Comprising two syllables.

disyllabic /ˌdaɪ.sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ /ˌdɑɪ.sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ disyllabics n
déshiollach
a word consisting of two syllables

disyllable /daɪˈsɪləbəɫ/ disyllables n
déshiollach
A word comprising two syllables.

ditch /dɪt͡ʃ/ ditches n
díog
A trench; a long, shallow indentation, as for irrigation or drainage.

diurnal /daɪˈɜːnəl/ /daɪˈɝ.nəl/ more diurnal most diurnal adj
laethúil
Happening or occurring during daylight, or primarily active during that time.

diurnal aberration diurnal aberrations n
iomrall laethúil
(astronomy) A deviation due to the earth's axial rotation.

dive /daɪv/ v
tum
(intransitive) To jump into water head-first.
(transitive) To cause to descend, dunk; to plunge something into water.
(intransitive, figuratively) To plunge or to go deeply into any subject, question, business, etc.; to penetrate; to explore.

divergence /daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəns/ /dɪˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəns/ divergences n
eisréimneacht
The degree to which two or more things diverge.

diverse /daɪ.ˈvɝs/ /daɪˈvɜːs/ /dɪ.ˈvɝs/ /ˈdaɪ.ˌvɝs/ more diverse most diverse adj
éagsúil
Consisting of many different elements; various.
ilchineálach ilghnéitheach éagsúil
Capable of various forms; multiform.

diversion /daɪˈvɜːʃən/ /daɪˈvɜːʒən/ /daɪˈvɝʒən/ /dɪˈvɝʒən/ diversions n
athbhealach malairt slí
(transport) A detour, such as during road construction.

diversity /daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/ /dɪˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/ diversities n
éagsúlacht
The quality of being diverse or different; difference or unlikeness.

divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ v
deighil roinn
(transitive) To split or separate (something) into two or more parts.
roinn
(transitive) To share (something) by dividing it.
(transitive, arithmetic, with by) To calculate the number (the quotient) by which you must multiply one given number (the divisor) to produce a second given number (the dividend).
(intransitive) To separate into two or more parts.
(intransitive, biology) Of a cell, to reproduce by dividing.

divination /ˌdɪvɪˈneɪʃən/ divinations n
fáistine
(uncountable) The act of divining; a foreseeing or foretelling of future events.
The apparent art of discovering secrets or the future by preternatural means.

divine service divine services n
seirbhís dhiaga
(countable, Christianity) A service of public Christian worship.

division /dɪˈvɪʒən/ divisions n
deighilt
(uncountable) The act or process of dividing anything.
A disagreement; a difference of viewpoint between two sides of an argument.
urrann
Each of the separate parts of something resulting from division.

divorce /dɪˈvo(ː)ɹs/ /dɪˈvoəs/ /dɪˈvɔɹs/ /dɪˈvɔːs/ divorces n
colscaradh idirscaradh
The legal dissolution of a marriage.

divorce from bed and board divorces from bed and board n
dealú ó chuibhreann agus ó chaidreamh
A situation where spouses live apart without having legally dissolved their marriage; this may be either a long-term arrangement or a first step towards actual divorce.

dizziness dizzinesses n
meadhrán mearbhlán
The state of being dizzy; the sensation of instability.

dizzy /ˈdɪzi/ dizzier dizziest adj
meadhránach míobhánach
Experiencing a sensation of whirling and of being giddy, unbalanced, or lightheaded.

do /du/ /duː/ /də/ /dʉː/ /dʊ/ /d͡ʒ/ v
déan dein
(transitive) To perform; to execute.
an
(transitive, chiefly in questions) To have as one's job.

do it yourself n
déan féin é
The practice of doing home improvements and maintenance oneself, rather than employing a professional.

do the dishes v
na soithí a ní
(intransitive) to wash up dirty crockery (plates and dishes) and cutlery (knives, forks, and spoons)

do you believe in God phraseologicalUnit
an gcreideann tú i nDia?
Used to ask whether the interlocutor believes in God.

do you have a boyfriend phraseologicalUnit
an bhfuil stócach agat?
Used to ask whether the interlocutor has a boyfriend.

do you have any brothers or sisters phraseologicalUnit
an bhfuil aon siblíní agat?
Used to ask whether someone has any siblings.

do you speak English phraseologicalUnit
an bhfuil Béarla agat an bhfuil Gaeilge agaibh? an bhfuil Gaeilge agat?
Asks the interlocutor whether or not they are able to speak in the English language.

dock /dɑk/ /dɒk/ docks n
bileog shráide copóg
Any of the genus Rumex of coarse weedy plants with small green flowers related to buckwheat, especially bitter dock (Rumex obtusifolius), and used as potherbs and in folk medicine, especially in curing nettle rash.
leaba nasctha stáisiún nasctha
(electronics) A device designed as a base for holding a connected portable appliance such as a laptop computer (in this case, referred to as a docking station), or a mobile telephone, for providing the necessary electrical charge for its autonomy, or as a hardware extension for additional capabilities.

docker /ˈdɑkɚ/ dockers n
dugaire
One who performs docking, as of tails.

docket /ˈdɒkɪt/ dockets n
duillín

dockworker dockworkers n
dugaire
A person who works on the dock of a harbor or shipyard, usually employed to load or unload freight.

doctor /ˈdɑktɚ/ /ˈdɒktə/ /ˈdɔktə/ doctors n
dochtúir
A person who has attained a doctorate, such as a Ph.D. or Th.D. or one of many other terminal degrees conferred by a college or university.

doctrinal /dɑkˈtɹaɪnəl/ /dɒkˈtɹaɪnəl/ /ˈdɑktɹɪnəl/ /ˈdɒktɹɪnəl/ adj
foirceadail foirceadlach
Of, relating to, involving, belonging to or concerning a doctrine.

doctrine /ˈdɑk.tɹɪn/ /ˈdɒk.tɹɪn/ doctrines n
foirceadal teagasc
(countable) A belief or tenet, especially about philosophical or theological matters.
(countable, and, uncountable) The body of teachings of an ideology, most often a religion, or of an ideological or religious leader, organization, group, or text.

document /ˈdɑkjʊmənt/ /ˈdɑkjʊmɛnt/ /ˈdɒkjʊmənt/ /ˈdɒkjʊmɛnt/ documents n
doiciméad cáipéis
An original or official paper used as the basis, proof, or support of anything else, including any writing, book, or other instrument conveying information pertinent to such proof or support.

documentary /ˌdɑ.kjəˈmɛn.tə.ɹi/ /ˌdɑ.kjəˈmɛn.tɹi/ /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tə.ɹi/ /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tɹi/ documentaries n
clár faisnéise scannán faisnéise
A film, TV program, publication etc. which presents a social, political, scientific or historical subject in a factual or informative manner.

documentation /ˌdɑkjəmənˈteɪʃən/ /ˌdɒkjʊmənˈteɪʃən/ documentations n
cáipéisí cáipéisíocht
(computing, mechanical engineering) Documents that explain the operation of a particular machine or software program.

dodder /ˈdɑdɚ/ /ˈdɒdə/ dodders n
clamhán
Any of about 100-170 species of yellow, orange or red (rarely green) parasitic plants of the genus Cuscuta. Formerly treated as the only genus in the family Cuscutaceae, it is now placed in the morning glory family, Convolvulaceae.

dodecagon dodecagons n
dóideacagán
(geometry) A polygon with twelve edges and twelve angles.

dodecahedron /doʊˌdɛk.əˈhiː.dɹən/ /ˌdoʊ.dɛk.əˈhiː.dɹən/ /ˌdəʊ.dɛk.əˈhiː.dɹən/ /ˌdəʊ.dɪk.əˈhiː.dɹən/ dodecahedra dodecahedrons n
dóideacaihéadrán
(geometry) A polyhedron with twelve faces; the regular dodecahedron has regular pentagons as faces and is one of the Platonic solids.

dodgeball dodgeballs n
seachain
A team sport whose main objective is to dodge or catch balls thrown by the opposition.

doe /doʊ/ /dəʊ/ does n
eilit
A female deer; also used of similar animals such as antelope (less commonly a goat, as nanny is also used).
coinín baineann
A female rabbit.
giorria baineann
A female hare.

does anyone here speak English phraseologicalUnit
an bhfuil Béarla ag duine ar bith anseo?
Does anyone here speak English?

dog /dɑɡ/ /dɒɡ/ /dɔɡ/ dogs n
madra gadhar madadh
A mammal of the family Canidae:

dog Latin pn
Laidin bhacach
Bad, erroneous Latin.

dog biscuit dog biscuits n
briosca madra
A hard biscuit-based snack for dogs.

dog collar dog collars n
coiléar madra
A collar for a dog.

dog days /ˈdɒɡ deɪz/ /ˈdɔɡ deɪz/ n
laethe madrúla
(archaic) The days following the heliacal rising of Sirius, now in early August (Gregorian) at dates varying by latitude.

dog pound dog pounds n
póna madraí
(US) An animal shelter where stray dogs are kept.

dog tag dog tags n
clib madra
A small metal disk, attached to a dog's collar, containing identification information.
clib aitheantais
(by extension, informal) The identification tag worn around the neck by military personnel.

dog violet dog violets n
sailchuach sailchuach chon
Any of a number of plants with unscented flowers in the genus Viola, now especially Viola riviniana. [from 16th c.]

dog whelk dog whelks n
cuachma chon
A carnivorous European mollusc, Nucella lapillus, found on rocky coasts.

dog's mercury n
lus glinne
Mercurialis perennis, a herbaceous, downy perennial woodland plant with erect stems bearing simple, serrate leaves, found in much of Europe.

doge /doʊd͡ʒ/ /doʊʒ/ /dəʊdʒ/ /dəʊʒ/ /ˈdoʊ.d͡ʒeɪ/ /ˈdəʊ.dʒeɪ/ doges dogi n
dóg
(historical) The chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa.

dogfish dogfish dogfishes n
fíogach siorc fíogaigh
a catshark, any shark from family Scyliorhinidae
a kitefin shark, any shark from family Dalatiidae
especially those from the family Squalidae

doggish more doggish most doggish adj
conúil
Stylish in a showy way.

dogma /ˈdɑɡ.mə/ /ˈdɒɡ.mə/ /ˈdɔɡ.mə/ dogmas dogmata n
dogma
A doctrine (or set of doctrines) relating to matters such as morality and faith, set forth authoritatively by a religious organization or leader.

dogmatic /dɑɡˈmæt.ɪk/ /dɒɡˈmæt.ɪk/ /dɔɡˈmæt.ɪk/ [dɑɡˈmæɾ.ɪk] [dɔɡˈmæɾ.ɪk] [ˈdɔɡˈmæɾ.ɪk] more dogmatic most dogmatic adj
ceanndána diongbháilte dogmach dogmatach
Asserting dogmas or beliefs in a superior or arrogant way; opinionated, dictatorial.

dojo /ˈdoʊˌd͡ʒoʊ/ /ˈdəʊdʒəʊ/ [ˈdoʊ̯ˌd͡ʒoʊ̯] [ˈdəʊ̯d͡ʒəʊ̯] dojo dojos n
dojo seomra oiliúna
(martial arts) A training facility, usually led by one or more sensei; a hall or room used for such training.

doleful /ˈdoʊlfəl/ dolefuler dolefulest dolefuller dolefullest more doleful most doleful adj
acaointeach
Filled with grief, mournful, bringing feelings of sadness.

doll /dɑl/ /dɒl/ /dɔl/ [dɒːɫ] dolls dollz n
bábóg áilleagán
A toy in the form of a human.

dollar /ˈdoː.lə/ /ˈdɑ.lɚ/ /ˈdɒl.ə/ /ˈdɔ.lɚ/ /ˈdɔː.lə/ dollars n
dollar
Official designation for currency in some parts of the world, including Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, and elsewhere. Its symbol is $.

dollop /ˈdɑləp/ /ˈdɒləp/ dollops n
daba
A considerable lump, scoop, or quantity of something, especially soft food. [from 1810s]

dolour /ˈdoʊlɚ/ /ˈdɒlə/ /ˈdəʊlə/ dolours n
dólás ong
(chiefly, uncountable, literary) Anguish, grief, misery, or sorrow.

dolphin /ˈdɑlf.ɪn/ /ˈdɒlf.ɪn/ [ˈdɑl̥fɪn] [ˈdɒl̥fɪn] dolphins n
deilf
A carnivorous aquatic mammal in one of several families of order Cetacea, famed for its intelligence and occasional willingness to approach humans.

dolt /doʊlt/ /dɒlt/ /dɔʊlt/ /dəʊlt/ dolts n
amhlán
(pejorative) A stupid person; a blockhead or dullard.

domestic /-stək/ /dəˈmes.tɪk/ /dəˈmɛs.tɪk/ more domestic most domestic adj
inmheánach
Internal to a specific country.

domestic violence n
foréigean baile foréigean teaghlaigh
Violence between members of a household, such as spouses.

dominion /doʊˈmɪnjən/ /dəˈmɪnjən/ dominions n
tiarnas
Power or the use of power; sovereignty over something; stewardship, supremacy.
(sometimes, figurative) A kingdom, nation, or other sphere of influence; governed territory.
(Christianity) An order of angel in Christian angelology, ranked above virtues and below thrones.

don't /doʊnt/ /dəʊnt/ [doʊ̯n] [dõʊ̯̃(ʔ)t̚] [dõʔ] [dəʊ̯nt̚] v
ná
do not (negative auxiliary)

don't count your chickens before they're hatched proverb
ní breac é go raibh sé ar an bport
One should not depend upon a favorable (and typically overoptimistic) outcome to one's plans until it is certain to occur.

don't mention it phraseologicalUnit
ná habair é níl a bhuíochas ort
A polite way of responding to thanks, by suggesting that the service is too trivial or humble to warrant thanks; you're welcome.

donkey /ˈdɑŋki/ /ˈdɒŋki/ /ˈdɔŋki/ /ˈdʌŋki/ donkeys n
asal
A domestic animal, Equus asinus asinus, similar to a horse.
A stubborn person.
A fool.

donkey work n
sclábhaíocht
(idiomatic) Hard, boring, routine work.

door /do(ː)ɹ/ /doə/ /doʊ/ /dɔɹ/ /dɔː/ doors n
doras
A portal of entry into a building, room, or vehicle, typically consisting of a rigid plane movable on a hinge. It may have a handle to help open and close, a latch to hold it closed, and a lock that ensures it cannot be opened without a key.

door frame /ˈdɔɹ ˌfɹeɪm/ /ˈdɔː ˌfɹeɪm/ door frames n
fráma dorais
The frame into which a door is fitted.

doorjamb doorjambs n
ursain
Either of the upright posts on either side of a door, which together support a lintel.

doorknob /ˈdɔɹ.nɑb/ /ˈdɔː.nɒb/ doorknobs n
murlán dorais
A circular device attached to a door, the rotation of which permits the unlatching of the door.

doorman doormen n
doirseoir
A person who holds open the door at the entryway (entrance) to a building, summons taxicabs, and provides an element of security; in apartment buildings, he also accepts deliveries and may perform certain concierge type services.

doorstep /ˈdɔː(ɹ)stɛp/ doorsteps n
leac dorais tairseach
An outside step leading up to the door of a building, usually a home.

doorway /ˈdo(ː)ɹweɪ/ /ˈdoəweɪ/ /ˈdɔɹweɪ/ /ˈdɔːweɪ/ doorways n
doras
The passage of a door; a door-shaped entrance into a house or a room.

dopamine /ˈdoʊ.pəˌmin/ /ˈdəʊ.pə.miːn/ dopamines n
dopaimín
(neurotransmitter, pharmaceutical drug) A monoamine C8H11NO2 that is a decarboxylated form of dopa, present in the body as a neurotransmitter and a precursor of other substances including adrenalin.

doppelganger /-ˌɡæŋə/ /-ˌɡæŋəɹ/ /ˈdɑp(ə)lˌɡɛŋəɹ/ /ˈdɒp(ə)lˌɡɛŋə/ doppelgangers n
taise
A ghostly double of a living person, especially one that haunts such a person.

dormer-window dormer-windows n
fuinneog dhormánta
An upright window built from a sloping roof.

dormitory /ˈdoː.mɪ.tɹi/ /ˈdɔɹ.mɪ.tɹi/ /ˈdɔɹ.mɪˌtɔɹ.i/ /ˈdɔː.mɪ.tɹi/ dormitories n
dórtúr suanlios
A room containing a number of beds (and often some other furniture and/or utilities) for sleeping, often applied to student and backpacker accommodation of this kind.

dormouse /ˈdɔɹmaʊs/ /ˈdɔːmaʊs/ dormice n
dallóg fhéir luch chodlamáin
Any of several species of small, mostly European rodents of the family Gliridae (syns. Myoxidae, Muscardinidae).

dorsal fin dorsal fins n
eite droma
A fin located on the backs of fish and some marine mammals.

dory /ˈdɔːɹi/ dories n
dóraí
(nautical) A small flat-bottomed boat with pointed or somewhat pointed ends, used for fishing both offshore and on rivers.

dot /dɑt/ /dɒt/ /dɔt/ dots n
ponc ponc séimhithe
A point used as a diacritical mark above or below various letters of the Latin script, as in Ȧ, Ạ, Ḅ, Ḃ, Ċ.
ponc
(mathematics) A symbol used for separating the fractional part of a decimal number from the whole part, for indicating multiplication or a scalar product, or for various other purposes.
Anything small and like a speck comparatively; a small portion or specimen.
(MLE) buckshot, projectile from a "dotty" or shotgun

dotted line dotted lines n
líne poncanna
A line made up of dots or dashes, often used to indicate where one is supposed to sign a contract.

dotterel /ˈdɒtɹəl/ dotterels n
amadán móinteach
A small brown-and-black bird, Charadrius morinellus, of the plover family. [from 15th c.]

dottle /ˈdɒtəl/ dottles n
cnámhóg thobac gríodán tobac
The still burning or wholly burnt tobacco plug in a pipe.

double /ˈdʌb(ə)l/ [ˈdʌb.ɫ] adj
dúbailte
Made up of two matching or complementary elements.
Of twice the quantity.
Folded in two; composed of two layers.

double /ˈdʌb(ə)l/ [ˈdʌb.ɫ] doubles n
dúbailt
A person who resembles and stands in for another person, often for safety purposes

double /ˈdʌb(ə)l/ [ˈdʌb.ɫ] v
dúbail
(transitive) To multiply by two.
To be the double of; to exceed by twofold; to contain or be worth twice as much as.
(transitive) To fold over so as to make two folds.
(transitive) To repeat exactly; copy.

double bass /ˈdʌ.bl̩beɪs/ double basses n
olldord
The largest stringed instrument of the violin family.

double bed double beds n
leaba dhúbailte
(UK, US) A bed designed for two adults, typically measuring 54 by 75 inches (1.35 by 1.9 meters).

double bill double bills n
eagrán dúbailte
A double feature.
The consecutive presentation of two episodes of a television series.

double bluff double bluffs n
cur i gcéill dúbailte
An action which is intended to be perceived as a bluff, but which is not.

double bogey double bogeys n
bógaí dúbailte
(golf) A score of two over par (for one hole).

double bond double bonds n
nasc dúbailte
(physical chemistry) A covalent bond in which two electron pairs (instead of the usual one) are shared between two atoms; most common between carbon atoms and carbon, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, but several other forms are known.

double check double checks n
sáinn dhúbailte
An extra check or verification made a second time, usually with additional caution or attention.

double chin double chins n
athsmig preiceall sprochaille
A layer of subcutaneous fat under the chin, giving the appearance of having an extra chin.

double cream double creams n
uachtar dúbailte
(UK, Ireland) A relatively thick cream suitable for pouring, whipping and piping.

double dribble double dribbles n
druibleáil dhúbailte
(basketball) A violation committed by dribbling for a second time without giving up possession of the ball.

double eagle double eagles n
albatras iolar dúbailte
(golf) Three under par, one stroke short of an ace (a hole in one) on a par-five hole.

double fault double faults n
botún dúbailte
(tennis) The missing of both the first serve and second serve, resulting in a point for the receiver.

double flat double flats n
maol dúbailte
(music) An accidental that indicates that a note should be played a whole step lower.

double glazing double glazings n
déghloiniú gloiniú dúbailte
A system of insulated windows (and doors) having two parallel layers of glass separated by an air space

double indemnity n
slánaíocht dhúbailte
(legal) A clause in an insurance policy in which the insurance company agrees to pay out double the normal coverage in certain specified circumstances, most often in case of accidental death

double jeopardy n
contúirt dhúbailte
(legal) The act of trying someone twice for the same offense, especially after an acquittal in the first trial.

double reed double reeds n
feag dhúbailte
(music) A pair of reeds, in any of several wind instruments, that are joined together and vibrate together.

double sheet bend double sheet bends n
cor cluaise cor scóide dúbailte
Doubled version of the sheet bend; a strong knot used to tie two ropes of different diameters together.

double standard double standards n
caighdeán dúbailte
A pair of monetary values, i.e. a gold standard and a silver standard, both of which are legal tender.

double star double stars n
réalta dhúbailte
(star) Two stars which form a stellar system, such that they orbit the point of equilibrium of their gravitational fields; a binary star.

double track n
iarnród déraonach iarnród dúbailte
(rail) a section of railway line or tramline consisting of two parallel tracks, one being used in one direction and the other in the opposite direction.

double vision n
amharc dúbailte
A disorder of vision in which a single object is seen as two.

double whole note double whole notes n
lán-nóta dúbailte
(US, music) A note with twice the value of a whole note; a breve.

double-breasted adj
dúbailte
(of a jacket or coat) Closing with a double row of buttons that form a wide overlap.

double-click double-clicks n
cliceáil dhúbailte
(computing) The action of pushing the button on a mouse twice in quick succession in order to perform a different task that would be performed from a single-click or triple-click.

double-click v
cliceáil faoi dhó déchliceáil
(computing) To push the button on a mouse twice in quick succession in order to perform a different task than would be performed from a single-click or triple-click.

double-dealer double-dealers n
dúblálaí
One who double deals; a cheat or crook.

double-glaze v
déghloinigh
To fit with double glazing

double-parking n
páirceáil dhúbailte
the act of parking beside a car that is already parked at the side of the street

double-team v
déan marcáil bheirte
(transitive, sports) In sports involving offensive and defensive teams, to use two defensive players to guard against the movements of a single offensive player.

double-track adj
déraonach
(rail) Having a pair of tracks in order to allow trains to pass in opposite directions.

double-u /ˈdʌbəljuː/ /ˌdʌb.əlˈjuː/ double-ues n
wae
The name of the Latin-script letter W/w.

doubles n
cluiche dúbailte
(sports, plurale tantum) a game between pairs of players

doubt /daʊt/ /dʌʊt/ doubts n
aincheas
(uncountable, countable) Disbelief or uncertainty (about something); (countable) a particular instance of such disbelief or uncertainty.

doubtful /ˈdaʊtfəl/ more doubtful most doubtful adj
dabhtúil
Subject to, or causing doubt.
amhrasach
Experiencing or showing doubt, skeptical.

dough /doʊ/ /dəʊ/ /dʌf/ doughs n
taos
A thick, malleable substance made by mixing flour with other ingredients such as water, eggs, and/or butter, that is made into a particular form and then baked.

doughnut /ˈdoʊnət/ /ˈdoʊˌnʌt/ /ˈdəʊnət/ /ˈdəʊˌnʌt/ doughnuts n
taoschnó
A deep-fried piece of dough or batter, usually mixed with various sweeteners and flavors, often made in a toroidal or ellipsoidal shape flattened sphere shape filled with jelly/jam, custard, or cream.

doughy /ˈdoʊi/ /ˈdəʊˌi/ doughier doughiest adj
taosach
Having the characteristics of dough especially in appearance or consistency: as

dove /dʌv/ doves n
colm fearán
(countable) A pigeon, especially one smaller in size and white-colored; a bird (often arbitrarily called either a pigeon or a dove or both) of more than 300 species of the family Columbidae.

dovecote /ˈdʌvkɑt/ /ˈdʌvkɒt/ dovecotes n
colmlann
A small house or box, often raised to a considerable height above the ground, and having compartments (pigeonholes), in which domestic pigeons breed; a dove house.

dovetail /ˈdʌvteɪl/ /ˈdʌvˌteɪl/ dovetails n
déad déadalt
In full dovetail joint: a type of joint where adjoining components are fastened by multiple tenons cut into wedge shapes resembling a dove's tail, which interlock with mortises having corresponding shapes.

dowager /ˈdaʊədʒə/ /ˈdaʊəd͡ʒɚ/ dowagers n
baintreach dhuair
a widow holding property or title derived from her late husband

dower /ˈdaʊ.əɹ/ [ˈdaw.ɚ] [ˈdaʊ.ə(ɹ)] dowers n
tionscra tochra
(legal) Property given by a groom directly to his bride at or before their wedding in order to legitimize the marriage; dowry.

down /daʊn/ farther down farthest down adv
thíos
anuas síos
(comparable) From a higher position to a lower one; downwards.
suas
To the south (as south is at the bottom of typical maps).

down /daʊn/ downs n
clúmh
Soft, fluffy immature feathers which grow on young birds. Used as insulating material in duvets, sleeping bags and jackets.

down bow down bows n
boghtharraingt

down quark down quarks n
íoschuarc
(particle) A quark having a fractional electric charge of -\frac{1}{3} and a mass of about 4 to 8 MeV.Symbol: d

down with interjection
don Diabhal leis
Expressing disapproval of or encouraging actions against a person, organization, practice, belief, etc., typically in a public protest.

downdraft downdrafts n
caitheamh anuas
(meteorology, American spelling) A strong, downward air current; an air pocket or air hole.

downgrade /ˈdaʊnˌɡɹeɪd/ /ˌdaʊnˈɡɹeɪd/ v
íosghrádaigh
To place lower in position.

download /ˈdaʊnˌloʊd/ /ˈdaʊnˌləʊd/ /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ downloads n
íoslódáil
A file transfer to a given computer or device from a remote one through a network connection.

download /ˈdaʊnˌloʊd/ /ˈdaʊnˌləʊd/ /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ v
íoslódáil lódáil anuas
(transitive, computing) To transfer data to a given computer from a remote one via a network.

downpour /ˈdaʊn.pɔː(ɹ)/ downpours n
duartan
A heavy rain.

downspout downspouts n
sconna báistí
A vertical pipe or conduit that carries rainwater from the scupper, guttering of a building to a lower roof level, drain, ground or storm water runoff system.

downstairs /daʊnˈstɛəz/ /daʊnˈstɛɹz/ adv
síos an staighre thíos an staighre
Down the stairs.

downy /ˈdaʊni/ downier downiest adj
clúmhach
Having down, covered with a soft fuzzy coating as of small feathers or hair.

dowry /ˈdaʊəɹi/ /ˈdaʊɹi/ dowries n
coibhche crodh spré
Payment, such as property or money, paid by the bride's family to the groom or his family at the time of marriage.

dowser /ˈdaʊzə/ dowsers n
aimsitheoir uisce collóir
One who uses the dowser or divining rod. A diviner.

doxology /dɑkˈsɑləd͡ʒi/ /dɒkˈsɒlədʒi/ doxologies n
docseolaíocht
An expression of praise to God, especially a short hymn sung as part of a Christian worship service.

dozen /ˈdʌzən/ dozen dozens n
dosaen
A set of twelve.
(bingo) The number twelve.

draconian /dɹeɪˈkoʊ.ni.ən/ /dɹækˈəʊ.ni.ən/ /dɹəˈkoʊ.ni.ən/ /dɹəˈkəʊ.ni.ən/ more draconian most draconian adj
danartha
Very severe, cruel, or harsh.

draft /dɹæft/ /dɹɑːft/ drafts n
dréacht
(universal) An early version of a written work (such as a book or e-mail) or drawing.
(universal) A preliminary sketch or outline for a plan.
(universal) A cheque, an order for money to be paid.

drafting draftings n
línitheoireacht
The act or process of producing a technical drawing, or draft.
A profession, usually related to making technical drawings for architecture, engineering, or manufacturing.
The practice among ground vehicle drivers or cyclists of following in a close line to reduce wind resistance.
A method of preparing fibers for weaving.
(firefighting) The act or process of drawing water out of a source.

draftsmanship draftsmanships n
línitheoireacht
The art or craft of a draftsman.

drag queen drag queens n
banríon draig
(LGBT, originally, slang) A person, usually male, who dresses up in women’s clothing and makeup, typically in an exaggerated fashion and for public performance.

dragon /ˈdɹæɡən/ /ˈdɹæɡɪn/ [ˈdɹeɪɡən] dragons n
dragan dragún
In European mythologies, a gigantic beast, typically reptilian with leathery bat-like wings, lion-like claws, scaly skin and a serpent-like body, often a monster with fiery breath.

dragon fruit /ˈdɹæɡ.ən ˌfɹuːt/ dragon fruits n
dragantoradh
The fruit of certain cacti of the genus (Stenocereus (syn. Hylocereus) spp.), cultivated in Southeast Asia and Central and South America, having cerise-pink- or yellow-coloured skin and a white or pink sweet fleshy interior with black seeds.

dragon's blood n
fuil dhragain
A bright red resin, obtained from different species of a number of distinct plants Calamus rotang and genera Croton, Dracaena, Daemonorops, and Pterocarpus, used in the manufacture of varnishes, lacquers, medicines, and incenses.

dragonfly /ˈdɹæɡənˌflaɪ/ dragonflies n
snáthaid mhór
An insect of the suborder Epiprocta or, more strictly, the infraorder Anisoptera, having four long transparent wings held perpendicular to a long body when perched.

dragoon /dɹæ-/ /dɹəˈɡun/ /dɹəˈɡuːn/ dragoons n
dragún
(by extension) Originally (historical) , a soldier armed with a dragoon musket (sense 1.1) who fought both on foot and mounted on a horse; now, a cavalier or horse soldier from a regiment formerly armed with such muskets.

drain /dɹeɪn/ /dɹiːn/ drains n
draein
(chiefly, US, Canada) A conduit allowing liquid to flow out of an otherwise contained volume; a plughole (UK)
(chiefly, UK) An access point or conduit for rainwater that drains directly downstream in a (drainage) basin without going through sewers or water treatment in order to prevent or belay floods.

drain /dɹeɪn/ /dɹiːn/ v
taosc triomaigh
(transitive, ergative) To convert a perennially wet place into a dry one.
taosc
(transitive) To draw off by degrees; to cause to flow gradually out or off; hence, to exhaust.

drainpipe drainpipes n
píopa taosctha
A verticle pipe carrying water from the roof gutter down the side of a building; downspout.

drake /dɹeɪk/ drakes n
bardal
A male duck.

drama /ˈdɹeɪmə/ /ˈdɹæmə/ /ˈdɹɑmə/ /ˈdɹɑːmə/ dramas dramata n
dráma
(countable) A composition, normally in prose, telling a story and intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue
dráma drámaíocht
(uncountable) Theatrical plays in general.

dramatize v
drámaigh
To adapt a literary work so that it can be performed in the theatre, or on radio or television.

draper /ˈdɹeɪ.pə(ɹ)/ drapers n
éadaitheoir
One who sells cloths; a dealer in cloths; a textile merchant.

drapery /ˈdɹeɪpəɹi/ draperies n
éadaitheoireacht
The occupation of a draper; cloth-making, or dealing in cloth.

draughtproof more draughtproof most draughtproof adj
siorradh-dhíonach
That prevents the entry of draughts.

drawbridge /ˈdɹɑbɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈdɹɔːbɹɪd͡ʒ/ drawbridges n
droichead tógála
A hinged bridge which can be raised (to prevent its being crossed, as across a moat, or to allow watercraft to travel beneath it).

drawing /ˈdɹoː.wɪŋ/ /ˈdɹɑ.ɪŋ/ /ˈdɹɔː.ɪŋ/ /ˈdɹɔːɹɪŋ/ drawings n
dearadh

drawing knife drawing knives n
scian fonsa
A knife with a handle at each end, used for shaving hoops for barrels by drawing it towards oneself.

dray /dɹeɪ/ drays n
drae
Any of various forms of low horse-drawn cart or wagon, often without sides or with removable sides, and used especially for heavy loads.

dread /dɹɛd/ v
adhfhuathaigh
(transitive) To fear greatly.
(intransitive) To be in dread, or great fear.

dreadful /ˈdɹɛd.fʊl/ more dreadful most dreadful adv
ainnis millteanach uafásach
(informal) Dreadfully.

dream /dɹiːm/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷɪi̯m] [d͡ʒɹiːm] dreams n
brionglóid taibhreamh
Imaginary events seen in the mind while sleeping.

dream /dɹiːm/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷɪi̯m] [d͡ʒɹiːm] v
taibhrigh
(intransitive) To see imaginary events in one's mind while sleeping.

dreamer /ˈdɹimɚ/ /ˈdɹiːmə/ [d͡ʒɹimɚ] dreamers n
aislingeach
Someone whose beliefs are far from realistic.

dreamlike more dreamlike most dreamlike adj
aislingeach
Like something from a dream; having a sense of vagueness, insubstantiality, or incongruousness.

dreamy /ˈdɹiː.mi/ dreamier dreamiest adj
dathúil dóighiúil gnaíúil slachtmhar álainn
(colloquial) Sexy; handsome; attractive.

dreary /ˈdɹɪəɹi/ /ˈdɹɪɹi/ drearier dreariest more dreary most dreary adj
dearóil
Drab; dark, colorless, or cheerless.

dreggy dreggier dreggiest adj
deascúil drifisceach dríodartha moirtiúil
Containing dregs or lees; muddy; foul.

dregs /dɹɛɡz/ n
amhaisc dríodar moirt
(collectively) The sediment settled at the bottom of a liquid; the lees in a container of unfiltered wine.

drench /dɹɛnt͡ʃ/ drenches n
deoch leighis droinse
(veterinary medicine) A dose or draught of liquid medicine administered to an animal.

drench /dɹɛnt͡ʃ/ v
báigh folc
To make (someone or something) completely wet by having water or some other liquid fall or thrown on them or it; to saturate, to soak; also (archaic) , to make (someone or something) completely wet by immersing in water or some other liquid; to soak, to steep.

drenched /dɹɛnt͡ʃt/ more drenched most drenched adj
fliuch go craiceann
Completely wet; sodden

dress /dɹɛs/ dresses n
gúna
An item of clothing (usually worn by a woman or young girl) which both covers the upper part of the body and includes a skirt below the waist.
éadach
Apparel or clothing, especially when appropriate for a particular occasion, profession, etc.

dress /dɹɛs/ v
cóirigh
To prepare the surface of (a material, such as lumber or stone; a grindstone or grinding wheel).
(butchering) Of an animal carcass: to have a certain quantity or weight after removal of the internal organs and skin; also, to have a certain appearance after being cut up and prepared for cooking.
deasaigh
(military) To arrange (soldiers or troops) into proper formation; especially, to adjust (soldiers or troops) into straight lines and at a proper distance from each other; to align.
gléas
(also, reflexive, and, figuratively) To put clothes (or, formerly, armour) on (oneself or someone, a doll, a mannequin, etc.); to clothe. [from 15th c.]
leasaigh
(cooking) To prepare (food) for cooking or eating, especially by seasoning it; specifically, to add a dressing or sauce (to food, especially a salad). [from 15th c.]

dressed up more dressed up most dressed up adj
pioctha péacach
Wearing formal (dress) clothes.
gléasta suas
Wearing a costume.

dresser /ˈdɹɛsə/ dressers n
drisiúr
An item of bedroom furniture, like a low chest of drawers (bureau), often with a mirror.
éadaitheoir
(theater, film, television) A wardrobe assistant (who helps actors put on their costume).

dressing gown /ˈdɹɛsɪŋ ɡaʊn/ dressing gowns n
fallaing sheomra
(UK, Ireland) An item of clothing often made from cotton or another absorbent material, in the form of a long open robe with a belt to tie it around the middle and fasten it securely; often worn over pyjamas.

dressing station dressing stations n
ospidéal machaire stáisiún cóirithe
A place where wounds are dressed.

dressmaker /ˈdɹɛsˌmeɪkɚ/ dressmakers n
gúnadóir maintín
A person who makes tailor-made women's clothes.

dressmaking dressmakings n
gúnadóireacht
The craft of making custom clothing for women, such as dresses, blouses, and evening gowns.

dribble /dɹɪ.bl̩/ /ˈdɹɪ.b(ə)l/ /ˈdɹɪ.bəl/ /ˈdɹɪ.bɫ̩/ dribbles n
druibleáil
(countable, sports) The act of moving (with) a ball by kicking or bouncing it.

dribble /dɹɪ.bl̩/ /ˈdɹɪ.b(ə)l/ /ˈdɹɪ.bəl/ /ˈdɹɪ.bɫ̩/ v
druibleáil
(basketball, soccer) In various ball games, to move (with) the ball, controlling its path by kicking or bouncing it repeatedly.

drift /dɹɪft/ drifts n
síobadh síobán
A mass of matter which has been driven or forced onward together in a body, or thrown together in a heap, etc., especially by wind or water.

drift /dɹɪft/ v
síob
(intransitive) To accumulate in heaps by the force of wind; to be driven into heaps.

driftwood /ˈdɹɪftwʊd/ driftwoods n
adhmad raice
A floating piece, or pieces, of wood that drifts with the current of a body of water.
Such a piece of wood that has been cast ashore.

drill /dɹɪl/ [dɹɪɫ] drills n
druilire
The portion of a drilling tool that drives the bit.

drill sergeant drill sergeants n
sáirsint druileála
(military) drill instructor

drink /dɹɪŋk/ [d̠ɹ̠˔ʷɪŋk] drinks n
deoch
A type of beverage (usually mixed).
A (served) alcoholic beverage.
The action of drinking, especially with the verbs take or have.

drink /dɹɪŋk/ [d̠ɹ̠˔ʷɪŋk] v
ól ibh
(ambitransitive) To consume (a liquid) through the mouth.
ól
(intransitive) To consume alcoholic beverages.

drinking horn drinking horns n
adharc beann buabhall corn corn óil radaire
(chiefly, _, historical) A drinking vessel fashioned from an animal's horn.

drinking straw drinking straws n
sop coinlín
A long tube (usually made out of plastic or paper) through which a beverage is drunk via suction.

drinking-horn drinking-horns n
buabhall corn corn óil
A drinking-vessel made from the horn of an animal.

drip /dɹɪp/ drips n
braon
A drop of a liquid.
bogán donán meatachán truán
(colloquial, derogatory) A limp, ineffectual, or uninteresting person.

drip /dɹɪp/ v
sil
(intransitive) To fall one drop at a time.
(transitive) To let fall in drops.

drive /dɹaɪv/ [d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv] [d͡ʒɹaɪv] drives n
céide
A type of public roadway.

drive /dɹaɪv/ [d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv] [d͡ʒɹaɪv] v
tiomáin
(transitive) To convey (a person, etc.) in a wheeled motorized vehicle.
(transitive, ergative) To operate (a wheeled motorized vehicle).
(intransitive) To travel by operating a wheeled motorized vehicle.
(transitive) To cause (a mechanism) to operate.
bagair
(transitive) (especially of animals) To impel or urge onward by force; to push forward; to compel to move on.
spreag
(transitive) To motivate; to provide an incentive for.

drive away v
ruaig
(idiomatic) To force someone or something to leave

drive out v
ruaig
(idiomatic) to push or to pull, i.e. to force, (someone or something) out of somewhere

driver /ˈdɹaɪ.və(ɹ)/ /ˈdɹaɪvɚ/ drivers n
tiománaí
One who drives something, in any sense of the verb drive.
A person who drives a motorized vehicle such as a car or a bus.
A person who drives some other vehicle.
(computing) A device driver; a program that acts as an interface between an application and hardware, written specifically for the device it controls.
maide mór tiománaí
(golf) A golf club used to drive the ball a great distance.

driver's license driver's licenses n
ceadúnas tiomána
(American spelling) A document issued to a specific person by a government authority, permitting this person to drive one or more classes of motor vehicle on public roads and highways, often used as an identification document.

driver's seat driver's seats n
suíochán an tiománaí
(chiefly, US) The seat in a vehicle where the driver sits.

driveway driveways n
cabhsán
(UK, US) A short private road that leads to a house or garage.

driving test driving tests n
scrúdú tiomána triail tiomána tástáil tiomána
A test required in order to acquire a driver's licence.

drizzle /ˈdɹɪz.l/ drizzles n
brádán ceobhrán
Light rain.

drizzle /ˈdɹɪz.l/ v
bheith ag brádán
(impersonal) To rain lightly.

droll /dɹoʊl/ /dɹəʊl/ [dɹoːɫ] droller drollest adj
áiféiseach
Oddly humorous; whimsical, amusing in a quaint way; waggish.

drollery /ˈdɹəʊləɹi/ drolleries n
aisteachas aistiúlacht anstrólaíocht barrúlacht léaspartaíocht ábhacht
Comical quality.
anstrólaíocht léaspartaíocht áiféis
Amusing behavior.

dromedary /-dɹi/ /-mə-/ /ˈdrʌ-/ /ˈdɹɑməˌdɛɹi/ /ˈdɹɒmɪdəɹi/ dromedaries n
dromadaire
The single-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).

drone /dɹoʊn/ /dɹəʊn/ drones n
crónán ladrann
A male ant, bee or wasp, which does not work but can fertilize the queen.
andord
A low-pitched hum or buzz.
drón
(metonymically): An aircraft operated by remote control, especially an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

drop /dɹɑp/ /dɹɒp/ [d͡ʒɹɑp] drops n
braon mónóg
(also, figuratively) A small quantity of liquid, just large enough to hold its own round shape through surface tension, especially one that falls from a source of liquid.
sileadh
An act or instance of dropping (in all senses).

drop /dɹɑp/ /dɹɒp/ [d͡ʒɹɑp] v
ísligh
(intransitive) To decrease, diminish, or lessen in condition, degree, value, etc. [from 18th c.]
(transitive) To move to a lower position; to allow to hang downwards; to lower.
(transitive) To lower (a sound, a voice, etc.) in pitch or volume.

drop someone a line v
cúpla líne a chur chuig duine cúpla líne a scríobh chuig duine
(idiomatic) Write and send (someone) a note or telegram.

droplet /ˈdɹɑːplət/ /ˈdɹɒplət/ droplets n
braoinín driog
A very small drop.

dropper /ˈdɹɑ.pɚ/ /ˈdɹɒp.ə/ /ˈdɹɔp.ə/ droppers n
titimeán
(fishing) A fly that drops from the leaden above the bob or end fly.

dropwort dropworts n
greabhán lus braonach
A perennial herb, Filipendula vulgaris, closely related to meadowsweet.

dross /dɹɑs/ /dɹɒs/ /dɹɔs/ drosses n
cacamas caclach dras dros lathairt luifearnach
Waste or impure matter.
smúr
Residue that forms as a scum on the surface of molten metal from oxidation.
sail salachar slaidhreadh
The impurities in metal.
A waste product from working with metal.

drought /dɹaʊt/ [dɹʌʊt] droughts n
triomach
A period of unusually low rainfall, longer and more severe than a dry spell.

drown /dɹaʊn/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaʊn] v
báigh
(transitive) To kill by suffocating in water or another liquid.
(intransitive) To be flooded: to be inundated with or submerged in (literally) water or (figuratively) other things; to be overwhelmed.

drowsiness drowsinesses n
codlatacht marbhnéal meathchodladh míogarnach múisiam múisiúntacht

drowsy /ˈdɹaʊzi/ drowsier drowsiest adj
ceanntrom múisiamach
codlatach néalmhar suanmhar sámh
Inclined to drowse; heavy with sleepiness

drub /dɹʊb/ /dɹʌb/ v
gread greasáil
To beat (someone or something) with a stick.

drubbing /ˈdɹʌbɪŋ/ drubbings n
greasáil
A severe beating.
A thorough defeat.

drudge /dɹʌd͡ʒ/ drudges n
sclábhaí
A person who works in a low servile job.

drudgery /ˈdɹʌd͡ʒəɹi/ drudgeries n
crácamas sclábhaíocht
Exhausting, menial, and tedious work.

drug /dɹʌɡ/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷʌɡ] drugs n
druga
(pharmacology) A substance used to treat an illness, relieve a symptom, or modify a chemical process in the body for a specific purpose.
A psychoactive substance, especially one which is illegal and addictive, ingested for recreational use, such as cocaine.

drug addict drug addicts n
andúileach andúileach drugaí
A person with a chemical or psychological dependency on a drug, especially one which is illegal or improperly procured.

drug addiction drug addictions n
andúil i ndrugaí
Dependency on drugs, especially which are illegal or improperly procured.

druglord druglords n
barún drugaí tiarna drugaí
A person who controls a large network of people involved in the illegal drug trade.

druid /ˈdɹuː.ɪd/ druids n
draoi
One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.

druidess druidesses n
bandraoi
A female druid.

druidism druidisms n
draíocht

drum /ˈdɹʌm/ drums n
druma
A percussive musical instrument spanned with a thin covering on at least one end for striking, forming an acoustic chamber; a membranophone.
Any similar hollow, cylindrical object.
A barrel or large cylindrical container for liquid transport and storage.

drum kit drum kits n
foireann drumaí
A collection of drums and other percussion instruments designed to be played together.

drum major drum majors n
maor druma
One who conducts and commands a marching band.

drummer /ˈdɹʌmə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɹʌmɚ/ drummers n
drumadóir
(music) One who plays the drums.
taistealaí tráchtála
Any of various fish of the family Kyphosidae, which make a drumming sound.

drumstick drumsticks n
bata druma
A stick used to play drums. [from 16th c.]
lorga
The second joint of the legbone of a chicken or other fowl, especially as an item of food. [from 17th c.]

drunk /dɹʌŋk/ /d͡ʒɹʌŋk/ drunker drunkest adj
ólta ar meisce
Intoxicated as a result of excessive alcohol consumption, usually by drinking alcoholic beverages.

drunk /dɹʌŋk/ /d͡ʒɹʌŋk/ drunks n
meisceoir druncaeir pótaire
A habitual drinker, especially one who is frequently intoxicated.

drunken /ˈdɹʌŋkən/ more drunken most drunken adj
meisciúil
Drunk, in the state of intoxication after having drunk an alcoholic beverage.

drunkenness /ˈdɹʌŋkən.nəs/ drunkennesses n
meisce
A state of being drunk.

drupe /dɹuːp/ /dɹɪu̯p/ drupes n
eithneachán
(botany) a kind of fruit, with a fleshy exterior, formed from the exocarp and mesocarp, surrounding a hardened endocarp which protects the seed.

dry /dɹaɪ/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔aɪ̯] [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaɪ̯] [d͡ʒɹaɪ̯] drier driest dryer dryest adj
tirim
Free from or lacking moisture.

dry /dɹaɪ/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔aɪ̯] [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaɪ̯] [d͡ʒɹaɪ̯] v
triomaigh
(transitive, figurative) To exhaust; to cause to run dry.

dry cleaning n
tirimghlanadh
The process of cleaning clothes and other fabrics without using water, instead using organic solvents and specialized equipment.

dry nurse dry nurses n
banaltra cailín páistí
(chiefly, historical) A nurse who takes care of a baby, but does not breastfeed.

dryer /ˈdɹaɪə/ /ˈdɹaɪɚ/ [ˈd͡ʒɹaɪɚ] dryers n
triomadóir
A household appliance that removes the water from clothing by accelerating evaporation, usually though heat and a tumbling motion.

drywall /ˈdraɪˌwɔl/ /ˈdraɪˌwɔːl/ drywalls n
ballachlár
A building material comprising a sheet of gypsum sandwiched between two pieces of heavy paper, used mainly for interior walls and ceilings.

dual /ˈd(j)u.əl/ /ˈdjuː.əl/ /ˈdʒuː.əl/ duals n
déach
(mathematics) Of a vector in an inner product space, the linear functional corresponding to taking the inner product with that vector. The set of all duals is a vector space called the dual space.

dual carriageway dual carriageways n
carrbhealach dúbailte débhealach
(UK, Philippines) A road in which the two directions of traffic are separated by a central barrier or strip of land, known as a central reservation or median.

dual citizen dual citizens n
déshaoránach
A citizen of two countries; a person with dual citizenship.

duchess /ˈdʌt͡ʃəs/ /ˈdʌt͡ʃɪs/ duchesses n
bandiúc
The wife or widow of a duke.
The female ruler of a duchy.

duck /dʊk/ /dʌk/ ducks n
lacha tonnóg
An aquatic bird of the family Anatidae, having a flat bill and webbed feet.
túcán
A tightly-woven cotton fabric used as sailcloth.

duck /dʊk/ /dʌk/ v
tum
(intransitive) To go under the surface of water and immediately reappear; to plunge one's head into water or other liquid.
seachain
(transitive, figurative) To evade doing something.

duckling /ˈdʌklɪŋ/ ducklings n
lachín éan lachan
A young duck.
A young female duck.

duckweed duckweed duckweeds n
ros lachan
Any of several reduced floating aquatic plants in the subfamily Lemnoideae of the family Araceae.

duct /dʌkt/ ducts n
ducht
A pipe, tube or canal which carries gas or liquid from one place to another

dudeen /duːˈdiːn/ dudeens n
dúidín
A short-stemmed Irish pipe made out of clay.

due to preposition
de bharr toisc
Caused by; resulting from; because of.

duffel bag duffel bags n
mála trealaimh
(US, AU, often, _, military) A large, cylindrical, duffel cloth bag used to carry personal gear, especially by soldiers.

dugout /ˈdʌɡaʊt/ dugouts n
bád scaobtha crann snámha
(nautical) A canoe made from a hollowed-out log.

duiker /ˈdaɪkə/ /ˈdaɪkɚ/ duikers n
dícear
Any of several species of small southern African antelopes of the Cephalophinae subfamily.

duke /d(j)uːk/ /djuːk/ /dʒuːk/ dukes n
diúc
The male ruler of a duchy (female equivalent: duchess).
A high title of nobility; the male holder of a dukedom.
ard-diúc
A grand duke.

dulcimer /ˈdʌl.sɪ.mə/ /ˈdʌl.sɪ.mɚ/ dulcimers n
téadchlár
A stringed instrument, with strings stretched across a sounding board, usually trapezoidal, played by plucking on the strings (traditionally with a quill) or by tapping on them (in the case of the hammer dulcimers).

dull /dʌl/ duller dullest adj
múisiamach
modartha neamhlonrach
Not shiny; having a matte finish or no particular luster or brightness.
modartha
Cloudy, overcast.

dullard /ˈdʌləd/ /ˈdʌlɚd/ dullards n
daoi
A stupid person; a fool.

dulse /dʌls/ dulses n
duileasc creathnach
A seaweed of a reddish-brown color (Palmaria palmata) which is sometimes eaten, as in Scotland.

dumbbell /ˈdʌm.bɛl/ dumbbells n
tromán lúith
A weight training implement consisting of a short bar with weight counterpoised on each end.

dumbness dumbnesses n
bailbhe balbhántaíocht
(dated) The state of being mute: that is, of not communicating vocally, whether from selective mutism (refusal to speak) or from an inability to speak.

dummy /ˈdʌmi/ dummies n
balbhán
A person who is the mere tool of another; a man of straw.

dun /dʊn/ /dʌn/ adj
riabhach
Of a brownish grey colour.

dun /dʊn/ /dʌn/ duns n
donn
A brownish grey colour.

dune /djun/ /djuːn/ /dun/ /dɪu̯n/ /dʒuːn/ dunes n
dumhach
(geomorphology) A ridge or hill of sand piled up by currents of wind or water.

dung /ˈdʌŋ/ dungs n
aoileach
(uncountable) Manure; animal excrement.

dung beetle /ˈdʌŋ biːtəl/ dung beetles n
priompallán
Any of the beetle of the family Scarabaeidae (scarab beetles), especially of the subfamilies Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae, noted for rolling dung into balls for use as food or as brooding chambers.

dungeon /ˈdʌn.d͡ʒən/ dungeons n
doinsiún
An underground prison or vault, typically built underneath a castle.

dunghill dunghills n
carn aoiligh
A heap of dung, especially one for agricultural purposes.

dunnock dunnocks n
donnóg
A small European and Asian passerine bird, Prunella modularis; the hedge sparrow or hedge warbler.

duodecimal /ˌd(j)uː.əʊ.ˈdɛs.ɪm.əl/ adj
dódheachúlach
(arithmetic) Of a number, expressed in base twelve.

duodecimal /ˌd(j)uː.əʊ.ˈdɛs.ɪm.əl/ duodecimals n
dódheachúil
(arithmetic) A number system that uses twelve as its base.

duodenum /ˌdjuːə(ʊ)ˈdiːnəm/ /ˌduəˈdinəm/ /ˌduˈɑdənəm/ duodena duodenums n
dúidéineam
(anatomy) The first part of the small intestine, starting at the lower end of the stomach and extending to the jejunum.

duplicate /ˈd(j)uː.plɪ.kət/ /ˈd(j)uː.plɪ.ˌkeɪt/ v
dúbail
(transitive) To make a copy of.

duplicator duplicators n
gléas cóipeála.
A device that reproduces something, such as printed documents or compact discs; a copier.

durability durabilities n
buaine buanfas teilgean
Permanence by virtue of the power to resist stress or force.

durable /ˈdjʊəɹəbəl/ /ˈdʊɹəbəl/ /ˈdʒʊəɹəbəl/ more durable most durable adj
buanfasach
Able to resist wear or decay; lasting; enduring.

durian /ˈdʊə.ɹi.ən/ /ˈdʊə.ɹiˌɑn/ /ˈdʊə.ɹɪən/ /ˈdʒʊə.ɹɪən/ durians n
dúraíoch sibhéideach
Any of several trees, genus Durio, of Southeast Asia.
dúraíoch
The spiky edible fruit of this tree, known for its strong taste and very strong, unpleasant odor.

during /ˈd(j)ɜɹɪŋ/ /ˈd(j)ʊəɹɪŋ/ /ˈdjɔː.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈdjʊə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈdʒɔːɹɪŋ/ /ˈdʒʊəɹɪŋ/ preposition
le linn ar feadh i gcaitheamh i rith
For all of a given time interval.
le linn
At any time or period within a given time interval.

dusk /dʌsk/ dusks n
clapsholas coineascar titim na hoíche
The time after the sun has set but when the sky is still lit by sunlight; the evening twilight period.

dust /dʌst/ dusts n
deannach dusta
(countable, obsolete) A single fine, dry particle of earth or other material; grain of dust.

dust /dʌst/ v
púdráil
(transitive) To spray or cover (something) with fine powder or liquid, to sprinkle.

duster /ˈdʌstə/ /ˈdʌstɚ/ dusters n
ceirt deannaigh glantóir deannaigh
An object, now especially a cloth, used for dusting surfaces etc.
dustar
A loose-fitting long coat.

dustpan /ˈdʌstpæn/ dustpans n
sluasaidín
A flat scoop with a short handle, into which dust, dirt and other material is conveyed with a brush or broom.

duty /ˈdjuː.ti/ /ˈdu.ti/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.ti/ /ˈd͡ʒʉː.ti/ [ˈdu.ɾi] duties n
dualgas
That which one is morally or legally obligated to do.

duvet /d(j)uːˈveɪ/ /ˈd(j)uːveɪ/ duvets n
cuilt duivé
(British, New Zealand, Canada) A quilt or usually flat cloth bag with a filling (traditionally down) and usually an additional washable cover, used instead of blankets; often called a comforter or quilt, especially in US English.

dwarf /dwɔɹf/ /dwɔːf/ dwarfs dwarves n
abhac
(mythology) Any member of a race of beings from (especially Scandinavian and other Germanic) folklore, usually depicted as having some sort of supernatural powers and being skilled in crafting and metalworking, often as short with long beards, and sometimes as clashing with elves.

dwarf elder dwarf elders n
tromán
A small European herbaceous perennial elder, species Sambucus ebulus.

dwarf planet dwarf planets n
abhacphláinéad
(astronomy) A planetary (world-like) body of the Solar system, that directly orbits the Sun like the classical planets but does not gravitationally dominate other bodies in the region of its orbit.

dwarf star dwarf stars n
abhac abhacréalta
(star) A star that is located in the main sequence in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, though generally excluding the small minority which fall in the blue band due to their large size and high luminosity; fuses hydrogen into helium in its core.

dwell /dwɛl/ v
cónaigh cónaí
(intransitive, now, _, literary) To live; to reside.

dyed /daɪd/ more dyed most dyed adj
daite
Coloured or tinted with dye, or as though therewith.

dyer /ˈdaɪə/ /ˈdaɪɚ/ dyers n
clódóir ruaimneoir
One who dyes, especially one who dyes cloth etc. as an occupation.

dyke /daɪk/ dykes n
cladán
An earthwork raised to prevent inundation of low land by the sea or flooding rivers.
dingeán
(geology) A body of rock (usually igneous) originally filling a fissure but now often rising above the older stratum as it is eroded away.

dynamic /daɪˈnæm.ɪk/ more dynamic most dynamic adj
dinimiciúil
bríomhar fuinniúil
Powerful; energetic.

dynamic memory dynamic memories n
cuimhne dhinimiciúil
Computer memory that requires a periodic refresh to maintain its contents. This memory is usually cheaper and faster than ROM.

dynamite /ˈdaɪ.nəˌmaɪt/ /ˈdɪ.nəˌmaɪt/ dynamites n
dinimít
A class of explosives made from nitroglycerine in an absorbent medium such as kieselguhr, used in mining and blasting.

dynamite /ˈdaɪ.nəˌmaɪt/ /ˈdɪ.nəˌmaɪt/ v
réab le dinimít
To blow up with dynamite or other high explosive.

dynasty /ˈdaɪnəsti/ /ˈdɪnəsti/ dynasties n
ríshliocht ríora
A series of rulers or dynasts from one family.

dyne /daɪn/ /dʌɪn/ dynes n
dín
A unit of force in the CGS system; the force required to accelerate a mass of one gram by one centimetre per second per second. Symbol: dyn.

dysentery /ˈdɪs.ən.tə.ɹi/ /ˈdɪs.ən.tɹi/ /ˈdɪs.ənˌtɛɹ.i/ dysenteries n
dinnireacht flosc fola rith fola
(pathology) A disease characterised by inflammation of the intestines, especially the colon (large intestine), accompanied by pus (white blood cells) in the feces, fever, pain in the abdomen, high-volume diarrhea, and possible blood in the feces.

dysfunctional more dysfunctional most dysfunctional adj
mífheidhmiúil
Functioning incorrectly or abnormally; especially, designating of a business, family or social group with harmful, aberrant, strange or abnormal behavior.

dysgraphia dysgraphias n
diosgraife
A language disorder that affects a person's ability to write.

dyslexia /dɪsˈlɛk.si.ə/ dyslexias n
disléicse
(neurology, pathology) A learning disability characterized by reading and writing difficulties.

dysphoria /dɪsˈfɔːɹi.ə/ dysphorias n
diosfóiria
A state of feeling unwell or unhappy; a feeling of emotional and mental discomfort and suffering from restlessness, malaise, depression, or anxiety.

dysprosium /dɪsˈpɹoʊ.zi.əm/ n
diospróisiam
A metallic chemical element (symbol Dy) with atomic number 66: a rare earth element with a metallic silver lustre.

dystrophy /ˈdɪstɹəfi/ dystrophies n
diostróife
A wasting of body tissues, of either genetic origin or due to inadequate or defective nutrition.

dénouement /deˈnuːmɑ̃/ /ˌdeɪ.nuˈmɑnt/ /ˌdeɪ.nuˈmɑ̃/ dénouements n
dénouement scaoileadh
(authorship, often, metaphorically) The conclusion or resolution of a plot; unravelling.

e /eɪ/ /iː/ /ə/ /ɛ/ /ɪ/ /ˈiː/ pronoun
eabhadh edad é
(rare, epicene, nonstandard) A gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, equivalent to the singular they and coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.

e-banking n
baincéireacht leictreonach ríomhbhaincéireacht
(banking) Banking carried out electronically, as for example over the Internet.

e-book e-books n
ríomhleabhar r-leabhar rleabhar
Electronic book, a book published in electronic form.

e-mail address e-mail addresses n
seoladh ríomhphoist
A unique identifier of the form user name@domain name specifying a virtual location to which e-mail can be sent.

e-reader e-readers n
ríomhléitheoir
A hardware device used to read e-books.

e.g. /fɔɹ‿ɪɡˈzæmpəl/ /fɔːɹ‿ɪɡˈzɑːmpəl/ /ˌiˈd͡ʒi/ /ˌiːˈdʒiː/ adv
m.sh.
An initialism used to introduce an illustrative example or short list of examples: for the sake of an example; for example.

each /it͡ʃ/ /iːt͡ʃ/ determiner
gach gach uile
All; every; qualifying a singular noun, indicating all examples of the thing so named seen as individual or separate items (compare every).

each other /iˈt͡ʃʌð.ɚ/ /iːˈt͡ʃað.ə/ /iːˈt͡ʃʌð.ə/ pronoun
a chéile
(reciprocal pronoun) To one another; one to the other; signifies that a verb applies to two or more entities both as subjects and as direct objects:

eager /ˈiɡɚ/ /ˈiːɡə/ /ˈɪɡə/ /ˈɪɡɚ/ more eager most eager adj
cíocrach santach
(comptheory) Not employing lazy evaluation; calculating results immediately, rather than deferring calculation until they are required.

eagle /ˈiːɡəl/ /ˈɪɡəl/ eagles n
iolar fiolar
Any of several large carnivorous and carrion-eating birds in the family Accipitridae, having a powerful hooked bill and keen vision.

eagle owl /ˈiːɡəl ˈɑʊl/ eagle owls n
rí-ulchabhán
Any of various Old World large owls of the genus Bubo, especially the Eurasian eagle owl, Bubo bubo, that have prominent ear tufts.

eaglehawk eaglehawks n
iolar dingearrach
(AU) Any large bird of prey, especially the wedge-tailed eagle, Aquila audax.

ear /iə̯/ /ɪə̯/ /ɪɚ/ /ˈiɹ/ [iːə̯] [ɪə̯~eə̯] [ɪə̯~ɪɐ̯] [ɪː] ears n
cluas
(countable) The organ of hearing, consisting of the pinna, auditory canal, eardrum, malleus, incus, stapes and cochlea.
(countable) The external part of the organ of hearing, the auricle.
The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; skill or good taste in listening to music.
croithleog dias
(countable) The fruiting body of a grain plant.

ear canal ear canals n
canáil chloisteála canáil na cluaise
(anatomy) The tube or meatus running from the outer ear to the eardrum through which sound enters.

ear lobe ear lobes n
liopa cluaise bog na cluaise bun na cluaise maothán maothán cluaise
The fleshy patch of skin below the ear tuft of a chicken.

eardrum /ˈiɚˌdɹʌm/ /ˈɪəˌdɹʌm/ eardrums n
tiompán na cluaise
(anatomy) A thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and transmits sound from the air to the malleus.

earl /ɜːl/ /ɝl/ earls n
iarla
(nobility) A British or Irish nobleman next in rank above a viscount and below a marquess; equivalent to a European count. A female using the style is termed a countess.

early /ˈɜɹli/ /ˈɜːli/ earlier earliest adj
luath moch
At a time in advance of the usual or expected event.
luath
Arriving a time before expected; sooner than on time.

early childhood early childhoods n
luath-óige
(mostly, uncountable, psychiatry, sociology) A stage in human development, generally including toddlerhood and some time afterwards.

earn /ɜːn/ /ɝn/ v
tuill cosain
(transitive) To receive payment for work or for a role or position held (regardless of whether effort was applied or whether the remuneration is deserved or commensurate).

earnest /ˈɜː.nɪst/ /ˈɝ.nɪst/ earnester earnestest more earnest most earnest adj
dáiríre
Serious; weighty; of a serious, weighty, or important nature; important.

earnings n
saothrú
Wages, money earned, income.

earphone /ˈɪə(ɹ)fəʊn/ earphones n
cluasán
A transducer that converts electric signals into sound and is held near the ear, especially as part of a telephone; an earpiece or headphone.

earphones n
cluasáin
A pair of small loudspeakers worn inside each outer ear or covering all or part of the ear, without a connecting band worn over head.

earring /ˈɪəɹɪŋ/ /ˈɪɹɪŋ/ earrings n
fáinne cluaise
A piece of jewelry worn on the ear.

earshot /ˈɪəˌʃɒt/ /ˈɪɹˌʃɑt/ earshots n
raon cluas
A distance from which sound is still audible.

earth /ɜːθ/ /ɜθ/ /ɝθ/ /ɵːθ/ earths n
cré créafóg ithir úir
(uncountable) Soil.
cré úir
(uncountable) Any general rock-based material.
talamh
The ground, land (as opposed to the sky or sea).
(alchemy, philosophy, and, Taoism) The aforementioned soil- or rock-based material, considered one of the four or five classical elements.
talmhú
(British) A connection electrically to the earth ((US) ground); on equipment: a terminal connected in that manner.
leaba dhearg
The lair or den (as a hole in the ground) of an animal such as a fox.

earth /ɜːθ/ /ɜθ/ /ɝθ/ /ɵːθ/ v
talmhaigh
(UK, transitive) To connect electrically to the earth.

earth science earth sciences n
domhaneolaíocht geo-eolaíocht
Any of the sciences dealing with the planet Earth, such as geology and meteorology.

earthen /ˈɜː(ɹ)ðən/ /ˈɜː(ɹ)θən/ /ˈɝθən/ more earthen most earthen adj
criaga cré
Made of clay (especially said of pottery).

earthnut /ˈɜːθ.nʌt/ /ˈɝθ.nʌt/ earthnuts n
cúlarán
The underground tuber belonging to the genus Tuber.

earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ /ˈɝθkweɪk/ earthquakes n
crith talún
A shaking of the ground, caused by volcanic activity or movement around geologic faults. [from 14th c.]
(planetary geology) Such a quake specifically occurring on the planet Earth, as opposed to other celestial bodies. [from 20th c.]

earthshine /ˈɜː(ɹ)θʃaɪn/ n
domhanloinnir
(astronomy) Reflected earthlight visible on the Moon's night side.

earthworm /ˈɜː(ɹ)θˌwɜː(ɹ)m/ earthworms n
agaill anglach cuideog péist talún
A worm that lives in the ground.

earwax n
céir chluaise
(medicine, pathology) A waxy substance secreted by the ear.

earwig /ˈɪə(ɹ)wɪɡ/ earwigs n
gailseach
Any of various insects of the order Dermaptera that have elongated bodies, large membranous wings folded underneath short leathery forewings and a pair of large pincers protruding from the rear of the abdomen.

ease /iz/ /iːz/ n
éascaíocht
Skill, dexterity, facility.
aosáid
Freedom from effort, leisure, rest.
sástacht
Comfort, a state or quality lacking unpleasantness, particularly:
Relief, an end to discomfort, particularly:
sómas
Freedom from pain, hardship, and annoyance, sometimes (pejorative, archaic) idleness, sloth.

east /iːst/ adv
soir
towards the east; eastwards

east /iːst/ easts n
oirthear
The direction of the earth's rotation, specifically 90°.
The eastern region or area; the inhabitants thereof. [circa 1300]
(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction of the altar and chancel; the direction faced by the priest when celebrating ad orientem.

easy /ˈizi/ /ˈiːzi/ easier easiest more easy most easy adj
furasta áiseach éasca
Requiring little skill or effort.

easy chair easy chairs n
cathaoir bhog cathaoir shócúil cathaoir shócúlach
A comfortable chair, often well upholstered; a lounge chair.

easy come, easy go /ˌiːzi ˈkʌm ˌiːzi ˈɡoʊ/ phraseologicalUnit
an rud a fhaightear go bog caitear go bog é
(idiomatic) Easily won and easily lost (usually said when resigned to a loss; something that comes in the same way, goes in the same way)

easygoing more easygoing most easygoing adj
réchúiseach
(of a person) Calm, relaxed, casual and informal.

eat /it/ /iːt/ v
ith
To ingest; to be ingested.
(copulative, intransitive) To have a particular quality of diet; to be well-fed or underfed (typically as "eat healthy" or "eat good").

eat away v
cnaígh creim
To erode or corrode gradually.

eating disorder eating disorders n
neamhord itheacháin
Any psychological disorder characterized by abnormal eating habits.

eaves /ivz/ /iːvz/ n
sceimheal urla
(architectural element) The underside of a roof that extends beyond the external walls of a building.

eavesdrop /ˈivzˌdɹɑp/ /ˈiːvzˌdɹɒp/ v
cúléist
(ambitransitive) To hear (intentionally) a conversation one is not intended to hear; to listen in.

ebb /ɛb/ ebbs n
aife trá
The receding movement of the tide.

ebb /ɛb/ v
tráigh
(intransitive) to fall away or decline

ebb and flow ebbs and flows n
tuile agus trá
The flowing out and in of the tide.

ebb tide ebb tides n
taoide thrá
The period between high tide and the next low tide in which the sea is receding.

ebonite /ˈɛb.əˌnaɪt/ ebonites n
éabainnít
The relatively hard product of vulcanizing natural rubber with sulfur; vulcanite.

ebony /ˈɛb.ən.i/ ebonies n
éabann
(countable) A tree that yields such wood.

ebullience /-ˈbəl-/ /-ˈbʌl-/ /ɪˈbʊl.i.əns/ /ɪˈbʊl.jəns/ ebulliences n
fiuchadh
A boiling or bubbling up; an ebullition.
(figuratively) The quality of enthusiastic or lively expression of feelings and thoughts.

ebullioscopy n
eibilleascópacht
(physics) the measurement of the boiling point of liquids

eccentricity /ˌɛk.sɛnˈtɹɪs.ɪ.ti/ [ˌɛk.sənˈtɹɪs.ə.ɾi] eccentricities n
éalárnacht
(mathematics) The ratio, constant for any particular conic section, of the distance of a point from the focus to its distance from the directrix.

ecclesiastic /əkliziˈæstɪk/ ecclesiastics n
eaglaiseach
A cleric, especially one in a Christian church.

ecclesiastical /əˈkliː.ziˌæ.stɪ.kəl/ /əˌkli.ziˈæ.stə.kəl/ more ecclesiastical most ecclesiastical adj
eaglasta
Of or pertaining to the church.

echo /ˈɛkoʊ/ /ˈɛkəʊ/ echoes echos n
macalla allabhair
A reflected sound that is heard again by its initial observer.

echolalic adj
macallach
(clinical psychology) Of or pertaining to echolalia.

eclampsia /ɪˈklæmp.si.ə/ eclampsias n
eaclaimsia
(pathology) A complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures and coma due to hypertension.

eclipse /iˈklɪps/ /ɪˈklɪps/ eclipses n
éiclips urú
Especially, an alignment whereby a planetary object (for example, the Moon) comes between the Sun and another planetary object (for example, the Earth), resulting in a shadow being cast by the middle planetary object onto the other planetary object.

eclipsis /ɪˈklɪpsɪs/ eclipses n
urú
(Irish grammar, Manx grammar) A mutation of the initial sound of a word by which voiceless sounds become voiced, voiced stops become nasal consonants, and vowels acquire a prothetic nasal consonant: see Appendix:Irish mutations#Eclipsis.

ecliptic /ɪˈklɪp.tɪk/ ecliptics n
éiclipteach
(astronomy) The plane in which this great circle lies.

eco- /ˈiːkəʊ/ /ˈɛkoʊ/ prefix
éicea- éici-
ecology or the environment (in the ecological sense)

eco-village eco-villages n
sráidbhaile éiceolaíoch
A small self-sustaining and eco-friendly community.

ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/ more ecological most ecological adj
éiceolaíoch
Relating to ecology, the interrelationships of organisms and their environment.

ecologist /iːˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ /ɪˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ ecologists n
éiceolaí
A scholar of ecology.

ecology /iˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪˈkɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪˈkɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ ecologies n
éiceolaíocht
(biology) The branch of biology dealing with the relationships of organisms with their environment and with each other.

ecomuseum ecomuseums n
éiceamhúsaem
A museum, often consisting of replica buildings in an outdoor setting, that shows the heritage of a particular locality or community

econometrics /ɪˌkɑ.nəˈmɛt.ɹɪks/ /ɪˌkɒn.əˈmɛt.ɹɪks/ /ɪˌkɔn.əˈmet.ɹɪks/ n
eacnaiméadracht
(economics) The branch of economics that applies statistical methods to the empirical study of economic theories and relationships.

economic /ˌekəˈnɔmɪk/ /ˌikəˈnɑmɪk/ /ˌiːkɔˈnɒmɪk/ /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ /ˌiːkəˈnɔmɪk/ /ˌɛkɔˈnɒmɪk/ /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk/ /ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪk/ more economic most economic adj
eacnamaíoch eacnamúil
Pertaining to an economy.
Frugal; cheap (in the sense of representing good value); economical.
Pertaining to the study of money and its movement.

economical /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkəl/ /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkəl/ /ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪkəl/ more economical most economical adj
eacnamaíoch eacnamúil
Careful with money so as not to spend too much; prudent; thrifty.
Saving money or resources.

economics /ˌikəˈnɑmɪks/ /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks/ /ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪks/ n
eacnamaíocht
(social sciences) The study of resource allocation, distribution and consumption; of capital and investment; and of management of the factors of production.

economies of scale n
barainneacht scála
(economics) The characteristics of a production process in which an increase in the scale of the firm causes a decrease in the long run average cost of each unit.

economist /iːˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/ /iːˈkɒn.ə.mɪst/ /əˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/ /ɪˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/ /ɪˈkɔn.ə.mɪst/ economists n
eacnamaí geilleagraí
An expert in economics, especially one who studies economic data and extracts higher-level information or proposes theories.

economy /iːˈkɑ.nə.mi/ /iːˈkɒn.ə.mi/ /əˈkɑ.nə.mi/ /ɪˈkɑ.nə.mi/ economies n
barainneacht
(obsolete) System of management; general regulation and disposition of the affairs of a state or nation, or of any department of government.
Frugal use of resources.
geilleagar
The system of production and distribution and consumption. The overall measure of a currency system; as the national economy.

ecophysiology ecophysiologies n
éicifiseolaíocht

ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ /ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm/ ecosystems n
éiceachóras
A system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit.

ecotourism /ˌikoʊˈtʊɹɪzəm/ /ˌiːkəʊˈtʊəɹɪz(ə)m/ /ˌɛkoʊˈtʊɹɪzəm/ ecotourisms n
éiceathurasóireacht
Responsible (sustainable#Adjective) travel to natural areas supporting the fauna, flora, and local economy.

ectoparasite /ˌɛktə(ʊ)ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/ /ˌɛktəˈpɛɹəˌsaɪt/ ectoparasites n
eicteaparaisít
A parasite that lives on the surface of a host organism; such as the Demodex mite, which lives in human hair and eyelashes.

ectoplasm /ˈɛktəˌplæzəm/ ectoplasms n
eicteaplasma
(parapsychology) A visible substance believed to emanate from the body of a spiritualistic medium during communication with the dead.

ecumenism /iːˈkjuː.mə.nɪzm/ /ˌɛk.jʊˈmɛ.nɪzm/ ecumenisms n
éacúiméineachas
(philosophy) Ecumenical doctrines and practices, especially as manifested in the ecumenical movement.

edaphology n
eidifeolaíocht
The ecological relationship of soil with plants, and land cultivation practices.

eddy /ˈɛd.i/ eddies n
saobhshruth
A current of air or water running back, or in an opposite direction to the main current.

edge /ɛd͡ʒ/ edges n
colbha imeall
A sharp terminating border; a margin; a brink; an extreme verge.

edible /ˈedɪbəl/ /ˈɛdəbəl/ /ˈɛdɪbəl/ [ˈedɪbɫ̩] [ˈɛdəbɫ̩] [ˈɛdɪbɫ̩] more edible most edible adj
inite
Capable of being eaten without harm; suitable for consumption; innocuous to humans.

edit /ˈɛdɪt/ [ˈɛɾɪʔt̚] v
cuir in eagar
To change a text, or a document.

editing /ˈɛdɪtɪŋ/ editings n
eagarthóireacht
An act or instance of something being edited.

edition /əˈdɪʃən/ /ɪˈdɪʃən/ [ɪˈdɪʃ.n̩] editions n
atheagrú eagrán
(publishing) A written work edited and published, as by a certain editor or in a certain manner, or at a certain time.
The whole number of copies of a work printed and published at one time.

editor /ˈɛ.ɾɪ.tɚ/ /ˈɛd.ɪ.tə/ [ˈɛˑ.ɾɪ.tɚ] [ˈɛˑ.ɾɪ.ɾɚ] editors n
eagarthóir
A person who edits or makes changes to documents.
A person who edited a specific document.
A person at a newspaper, publisher or similar institution who edits stories and/or decides which ones to publish.
(computing) A program for creating and making changes to files, especially text files.
(television, cinematography) Someone who manipulates video footage and assembles it into the correct order etc for broadcast; a picture editor.

editorial /ˌɛdɪˈtɔɹiəl/ /ˌɛdɪˈtɔːɹɪəl/ editorials n
eagarfhocal
An article in a publication giving the opinion of its editors on a given topic or current event.

editorship editorships n
eagarthóireacht
The position or job of being an editor

educate /ˈed͡ʒ.ɘˌkæet/ /ˈɛd.jʊˌkeɪt/ /ˈɛd͡ʒ.əˌkeɪt/ /ˈɛd͡ʒ.ʊˌkeɪt/ v
oil
(transitive) To instruct or train.

education /ˌɛd.jʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɛd͡ʒ.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɛd͡ʒ.ʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/ educations n
oideachas léann
(uncountable) The process of imparting knowledge, skill and judgment.
léann
(countable) Facts, skills and ideas that have been learned, especially through formal instruction.

educational /ˌɛdjʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ /ˌɛd͡ʒəˈkeɪʃənəl/ /ˌɛd͡ʒʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ more educational most educational adj
oideachais oideachasúil oideasach
Of, or relating to education.

educationalist educationalists n
oideachasóir
a specialist in the theory of education.

eel /iːl/ eels n
eascann
Any freshwater fish of the order Anguilliformes, which are elongated and resemble snakes.

eelgrass eelgrasses n
feamainn mheilsceánach meilsceánach miléarach
especially Zostera marina, growing abundantly in shallow bays along the coasts of the Northern Hemisphere.

eerie /ˈɪəɹi/ /ˈɪɹi/ eerier eeriest adj
aerachtúil uaibhreach
Inspiring fear, especially in a mysterious or shadowy way; strange, weird.

eeriness eerinesses n
aerachtúlacht
The condition of being eerie.

ef /ˈɛf/ efs n
eif fern
The name of the Latin-script letter F/f.

effect /iˈfɛkt/ /əˈfɛkt/ /ɪˈfekt/ /ɪˈfɛkt/ effects n
éifeacht
(sound engineering) An alteration, or device for producing an alteration, in sound after it has been produced by an instrument.
airnéis
(usually, in the plural) Belongings, usually as personal effects.

effective /əˈfektɪv/ /əˈfɛktɪv/ /ɪˈfɛktɪv/ more effective most effective adj
éifeachtach
Having the power to produce a required effect or effects.

effeminacy effeminacies n
baineandacht piteogacht piteántacht
The quality of being effeminate.

effeminate /ɪˈfɛmɪneɪt/ /ɪˈfɛmɪnət/ more effeminate most effeminate adj
baineanda baineann piteogach piteánta
(often, derogatory, of a man or boy) Exhibiting behaviour or mannerisms considered typical of a female; unmasculine.

effervescence /ˌɛfə(ɹ)ˈvɛsəns/ effervescences n
broidearnach
The escape of gas from solution in a liquid, especially the escape of carbon dioxide from a carbonated drink.

efficacious /ˌef.əˈkæɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌɛf.əˈkeɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌɛf.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs/ more efficacious most efficacious adj
éifeachtúil
(formal) Effective; possessing efficacy. [from 1520s]

efficient /əˈfɪʃənt/ /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ more efficient most efficient adj
feidhmiúil éifeachtach éifeachtúil
making good, thorough, or careful use of resources; not consuming extra. Especially, making good use of time or energy
éifeachtúil
expressing the proportion of consumed energy that was successfully used in a process; the ratio of useful output to total input
causing effects, producing results; bringing into being; initiating change (rare except in philosophical and legal expression efficient cause = causative factor or agent)

effigy /ˈɛfəd͡ʒi/ effigies n
samhail
A dummy or other crude representation of a person, group or object that is hated.

effloresce /-flɒ-/ /ˌɛfləˈɹɛs/ v
plúraigh
Of a salt: to seep through some material (bricks, concrete, earth, rock, etc.) in a dissolved state, and then crystallize on a surface in a powdery form.

effluence /ˈɛfluəns/ effluences n
eisileadh eisilteacht
The process of flowing out.

effluvium /ɪˈfluːvi.əm/ effluvia effluviums n
eisilteach
A gaseous or vaporous emission, especially a foul-smelling one.

effort /ˈɛfət/ /ˈɛfɚt/ efforts n
iarracht stró
The work involved in performing an activity; exertion.

effrontery /ɛˈfɹʌntəɹi/ /ɪˈfɹʌntəɹi/ effronteries n
neamhnáire
(uncountable) Insolent and shameless audacity.

egg /eɪɡ/ /ɛɡ/ eggs n
ubh
An approximately spherical or ellipsoidal body produced by birds, insects, reptiles, and other animals, housing the embryo within a membrane or shell during its development.
(specifically, countable) The edible egg (sense 1.1) of a domestic fowl such as a duck, goose, or, especially, a chicken; (uncountable) the contents of such an egg or eggs used as food.
(countable) A thing which looks like or is shaped like an egg (sense 1.1).

egg timer egg timers n
amadóir uibhe
(by extension) A timer that can be set to sound an alarm after a certain amount of time; a kitchen timer.

egg whisk egg whisks n
buailteoir uibhe
A whisk (kitchen utensil made of multiple loops of wire) used to beat eggs.

egg-shaped more egg-shaped most egg-shaped adj
ubhchruthach
Having the shape of an egg.

eggcup eggcups n
ubhchupán
(British) A small dish used to support a boiled egg while it is eaten.

eggplant /-plɑːnt/ /ˈɛɡ.plænt/ eggplants n
ubhthoradh
(North America, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines) The plant Solanum melongena.
(North America, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines) The edible fruit of the Solanum melongena: an aubergine.

eggshell /ˈɛɡʃɛl/ eggshells n
blaosc uibhe
The shell around an egg.
A pale off-white colour, like that of the eggshell.

egocentric more egocentric most egocentric adj
féinlárnach leithleach
Egotistical.

egoist /ˈiːɡoʊ.ɪst/ egoists n
féinspéisí
An egocentric or self-centered person.

egoistical more egoistical most egoistical adj
féinspéisíoch
Caring about oneself and the gratification of one's own desires rather than others.

egosurfing n
féinscimeáil mise-scimeáil
(Internet) The act of using a search engine to find mentions of one's name on the Internet.

egotism egotisms n
féinchúis féinspéis
A tendency to talk excessively about oneself.
(nonstandard, by confusion of the similar words) Egoism (belief that behavior should be directed towards one's self-interest).

egotistical more egotistical most egotistical adj
féinspéiseach
Tending to talk excessively about oneself.
féinspéiseach leithleach
Believing oneself to be better and more important than others due to one's position, popularity, wealth, appearance, etc.

egret /ˈi.ɡɹɪt/ egrets n
éigrit
Any of various wading birds of the genera Egretta or Ardea that includes herons, many of which are white or buff, and several of which develop fine plumes during the breeding season.

eider /ˈaɪdə/ /ˈaɪdɚ/ eiders n
éadar
Any of the species of the genera Polysticta or Somateria, in the seaduck subfamily Merginae, which line their nests with fine down (taken from their own bodies).

eight /eɪt/ numeral
ocht
A numerical value equal to 8; the number occurring after seven and before nine.

eighteen /ˈeɪ(t).tin/ /ˈeɪ.tiːn/ /ˌeɪ(t)ˈtin/ /ˌeɪˈtiːn/ numeral
ocht déag
The cardinal number occurring after seventeen and before nineteen, represented in Roman numerals as XVIII and in Arabic numerals as 18.

eighth /eɪtθ/ /eɪθ/ adj
ochtú
The ordinal form of the number eight.

eightieth /ˈeɪ.ti.əθ/ adj
ochtódú
The ordinal form of the number eighty.

eighty /ˈeɪ.ti/ [ˈ(ʔ)eɪ̯ɾi] numeral
ochtó
The cardinal number occurring after seventy-nine and before eighty-one, represented in Roman numerals as LXXX and in Arabic numerals as 80.

einsteinium /aɪnˈstaɪni.əm/ n
éinstéiniam
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Es) with atomic number 99: a soft, silvery, paramagnetic metal.

either /aɪ/ /eɪ/ /iː/ /ˈaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈeɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈi.ðɚ/ /ˈiː.ðə(ɹ)/ adv
ach oiread
(conjunctive, after a negative) As well.

either /aɪ/ /eɪ/ /iː/ /ˈaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈeɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈi.ðɚ/ /ˈiː.ðə(ɹ)/ conjunction
ceachtar

ejaculate /ɪˈdʒæk.jʊ.leɪt/ /ɪˈdʒæk.jʊ.lət/ /ɪˈd͡ʒæk.jə.leɪt/ /ɪˈd͡ʒæk.jə.lət/ v
sead
(biology, transitive) To eject or suddenly throw fluid or some other substance from a duct or other body structure.
(specifically, transitive, and, intransitive) Of a human being or other mammal: to forcibly eject from the urethra in response to sexual stimulation, in a male, semen; and, in a female, vaginal fluid.

ejaculation /iˌdʒækjuˈleɪʃən/ ejaculations n
seadadh
(specifically) A reflex in human beings and other mammals in response to sexual stimulation involving the forcible ejection from the urethra of, in males, semen; and, in females, vaginal fluid.

ejection /-t͡ʃən/ /-ɪn/ /iˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ /əˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ ejections n
caitheamh amach
The act of ejecting.

el /ˈɛl/ [ɛɫ] els n
eil luis
The name of the Latin-script letter L/l.

eland /ˈiːlənd/ elands n
éalann
A genus of large South African antelope (Taurotragus), valued both for its hide and flesh. [from late 18th c.]

elastic /iˈlæstɪk/ /əˈlæstɪk/ more elastic most elastic adj
leaisteach
Capable of stretching; particularly, capable of stretching so as to return to an original shape or size when force is released.
Made of elastic.

elasticity /ɪ.læsˈtɪs.ɪ.ti/ elasticities n
leaisteachas
(physics) The property by virtue of which a material deformed under load can regain its original dimensions when unloaded
(economics) The sensitivity of changes in a quantity with respect to changes in another quantity.
(mathematics) The ratio of the relative change in a function's output with respect to the relative change in its input, for infinitesimal changes at a certain point.
The quality of being elastic.

elative case elative cases n
tuiseal éalaitheach
(grammar) The case used to indicate movement out of something; for example, out of the house. Some languages that make use of the elative are Finnish, Hungarian, and Estonian.

elbow /ˈɛlboʊ/ /ˈɛlbəʊ/ [ˈɛɫboʊ] elbows n
uillinn
(anatomy) The joint between the upper arm and the forearm.
uillinn píopa
(by extension) Any turn or bend like that of the elbow, in a wall, building, coastline, etc.; an angular or jointed part of any structure, such as the raised arm of a chair or sofa, or a short pipe fitting, turning at an angle or bent.

elder /ˈeldə/ /ˈɛldə/ /ˈɛldɚ/ elders n
foirfeach sinsear
A leader of a community, of great age or seniority.
trom
A small tree, Sambucus nigra, having white flowers in a cluster, and edible purple berries.

elderly /ˈɛldəli/ /ˈɛldɚli/ more elderly most elderly adj
cnagaosta scothaosta seanórtha
old; having lived for relatively many years.

elderly /ˈɛldəli/ /ˈɛldɚli/ elderlies n
seandaoine
(with, definite article, collective) Older people as a whole.

elect /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈlɛkt/ v
togh
(transitive) To choose (a candidate) in an election

election /əˈlɛkʃ(ə)n/ /ɪˈlɛkʃ(ə)n/ elections n
toghchán
A process of choosing a leader, members of parliament, councillors, or other representatives by popular vote.

electric /iˈlɛktɹɪk/ /əˈlɛktɹɪk/ /ɪˈlɛktɹɪk/ adj
leictreach
Of, relating to, produced by, operated with, or utilising electricity; electrical.

electric charge electric charges n
lucht leictreach
(physics) The static electric energy of a charged body.

electric current electric currents n
sruth leictreach
(electromagnetism) A net unidirectional movement of electrons, or other charge carriers, caused by a potential difference.
(electromagnetism) The net charge that passes through some cross-section of a conducting material (in one direction), per unit time, having the SI unit A (C/s).

electric eye electric eyes n
súil leictreach
A sensor which measures the intensity of light, often used to start and stop electrical equipment (motorized doors, etc.).

electric field /iˈlɛktɹɪk ˌfild/ /əˈlɛktɹɪk ˌfild/ electric fields n
réimse leictreach
(electricity, physics) A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages, which exerts a force on charged objects in its vicinity.

electric fire electric fires n
tine leictreach
(UK, Ireland) A fire, stove or heater powered by electricity.

electric ray electric rays n
roc nimhe
Any of the group of rays of the order Torpedodiniformes, which can produce an electric discharge.

electric toothbrush electric toothbrushes n
scuab fiacla leictreach
A toothbrush that uses electric power, usually supplied by a battery, to move the brush head rapidly.

electrical engineer electrical engineers n
innealtóir leictreach innealtóir leictreachais

electrical engineering n
innealtóireacht leictreach innealtóireacht leictreachais
The branch of engineering that deals with the technology of electricity, especially the design and application of circuitry and equipment for power generation and distribution, machine control, and communications.

electrician /iˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃən/ /əˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃən/ /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃən/ /ˌiːlɛkˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɛlɪkˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ electricians n
leictreoir
A tradesperson who installs, repairs and maintains electrical wiring and equipment.

electricity /iˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ /əˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ /ɪˌlɛkˈt͡ʃɹɪsɪti/ /ˌiːlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ /ˌɛlɪkˈtɹɪsɪti/ electricities n
leictreachas aibhléis
(physics) The study of electrical phenomena; the branch of science dealing with such phenomena. [from 18th c.]

electro /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəʊ/ electros n
ceol leictreo
(uncountable, music genre) An electronic style of hip hop; electrofunk.

electro- prefix
leictri-
and electrical.

electrocardiogram /əˌlɛktɹəˈkɑɹdi.əˌɡɹæm/ electrocardiograms n
leictreacardagram
(cardiology) The recording that an electrocardiograph produces.

electrocardiograph electrocardiographs n
leictreacardagraf
A device used in the diagnosis and detection of heart abnormalities that measures electric potentials on the surface of the body and creates a record (electrocardiogram) of the electrical currents associated with heart muscle activity.

electrocardiography electrocardiographies n
leictreacardagrafaíocht
The science and practice of the creation and diagnostic interpretation of electrocardiograms.

electrochemical adj
leictriceimiceach
(electrochemistry) Of, or relating to a chemical reaction brought about by electricity.
(electrochemistry) Of, or relating to electricity produced by a chemical reaction e.g. in a battery.

electrokinetics n
leictricinéitic
(physics) the electrodynamics of electrical circuits

electrology n
leictreolaíocht
(dated) The branch of physical science that deals with electricity and its properties.

electroluminescence electroluminescences n
leictrealonracht
(physics) The generation of light by the application of an alternating current to a semiconductor or phosphor, or by an electric discharge through a gas.

electromagnet electromagnets n
leictreamaighnéad
A magnet which attracts metals only when electrically activated

electromagnetic adj
leictreamaighnéadach
Relating to electromagnetism

electromagnetic radiation n
astaíocht leictreamaighnéadach
Radiation (quantized as photons) consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields oriented perpendicularly to each other, moving through space.

electromagnetic spectrum electromagnetic spectra n
speictream leictreamaighnéadach
(physics) The entire range of wavelengths of all known electromagnetic radiations extending from gamma rays, to X-rays through visible light, infrared, to radio waves.

electromagnetism /ɪˌlɛk.tɹəʊˈmæɡ.nəˌtɪzm̩/ electromagnetisms n
leictreamaighnéadas
A unified fundamental force that combines the aspects of electricity and magnetism and is one of the four fundamental forces. (technically it can be unified with weak nuclear to form electroweak) Its gauge boson is the photon.

electromotive adj
leictreaghluaisneach
(physics) of, relating to, or producing the movement of electrons (an electric current)

electromotive force electromotive forces n
fórsa leictreaghluaisneach
(physics) Potential energy (not force) divided by electric charge; measured in volts

electron /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɑn/ /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɒn/ electrons n
leictreon
(particle) The subatomic particle having a negative charge and orbiting the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity.

electronegative more electronegative most electronegative adj
leictridhiúltach
(chemistry) tending to attract electrons to form a chemical bond

electronegativity electronegativities n
leictridhiúltacht
(chemistry) The tendency, or a measure of the ability, of an atom or molecule to attract electrons when forming bonds.

electronics /ˌiːlɛkˈtɹɒnɪks/ /ˌɛlɪkˈtɹɒnɪks/ electronics n
leictreonaic
(physics) The study and use of electrical devices that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically charged particles or by converting the flow of charged particles to or from other forms of energy.

electrophotography n
leictreafótagrafaíocht
any of several methods of photocopying in which an image is created and then transferred between surfaces using static electricity

electrophysiology n
leictrifiseolaíocht
(physiology) The branch of physiology that studies the electrical activity of organisms.

electroscope electroscopes n
leictreascóp
(physics) a simple device that detects the presence of an electric charge by the mutual repulsion of metal foils or pith balls

electrostatic adj
leictreastatach
(electricity) of, relating to, or produced by electrostatics or static electricity

electrotyping n
leictreachlódóireacht leictreachlóscríobh
the act or process of making electrotypes

elegance /ˈɛl.ɪ.ɡəns/ elegances n
gléastacht
Grace, refinement, and beauty in movement, appearance, or manners.
Restraint and grace of style.
(countable, dated) A refinement or luxury.
cuannacht
The beauty of an idea characterized by minimalism and intuitiveness while preserving exactness and precision.

elegant /ˈɛl.ə.ɡənt/ more elegant most elegant adj
galánta
Characterised by or exhibiting elegance.

elegy /ˈɛlɪd͡ʒi/ elegies n
marbhna
A mournful or plaintive poem; a funeral song; a poem of lamentation. [from early 16th c.]

element /ˈɛləmənt/ elements n
dúil
(chemistry) A chemical substance made entirely of one such type of atom; any one of the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction or by any chemical means and made up of atoms all having the same number of protons.
One of the four basic building blocks of matter in theories of ancient philosophers and alchemists: water, earth, fire, and air.
dúil uraiceacht
One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based.
dúile
(in the plural only, with "the") Atmospheric forces such as strong winds and rains.
eilimint
A component in electrical equipment, often in the form of a coil, having a high resistance, thereby generating heat when a current is passed through it.

elephant /el.e.fant/ /ˈɛləfənt/ /ˈɛlɪf(ə)nt/ elephants n
eilifint
A mammal of the order Proboscidea, having a trunk, and two large ivory tusks jutting from the upper jaw.

elephant seal elephant seals n
rón eilifintiúil smutrón
Large marine mammals of the genus Mirounga, the largest of the pinnipeds.

elephantine /ɛl.əˈfæn.taɪn/ /ɛl.əˈfæn.tin/ /ˈɛl.ə.fən.taɪn/ /ˈɛl.ə.fən.tin/ more elephantine most elephantine adj
eilifintiúil
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of elephants.

elevate /ˈɛləveɪt/ v
ardaigh
(transitive) To raise (something) to a higher position.

elevation /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən/ elevations n
ardú
The act of raising from a lower place, condition, or quality to a higher; said of material things, persons, the mind, the voice, etc.
The condition of being or feeling elevated; heightened; exaltation.
The movement of the axis of a piece in a vertical plane; also, the angle of elevation, that is, the angle between the axis of the piece and the line of sight; distinguished from direction.

eleven /iˈlɛvən/ /əˈlɛv.ən/ /ɪˈlɛvən/ [ɪˈlɛbm̩] numeral
aon déag
The cardinal number occurring after ten and before twelve. Represented as 11 in Arabic digits.

elf /ɛlf/ elfs elves n
ealbh lucharachán
Any from a race of mythical, supernatural beings resembling but seen as distinct from human beings. They are usually delicate-featured and skilled in magic or spellcrafting; sometimes depicted as clashing with dwarves, especially in modern fantasy literature.

eliminate /iˈlɪm.ə.neɪt/ /iˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/ /əˈlɪm.ə.neɪt/ /əˈlɪm.ə.næɪt/ /ɪˈlɪm.ə.neɪt/ /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/ v
deireadh
(transitive) To completely remove, get rid of, put an end to.

ellipse /iˈlɪps/ /əˈlɪps/ /ɪˈlɪps/ ellipses n
éilips
(geometry) A closed curve, the locus of a point such that the sum of the distances from that point to two other fixed points (called the foci of the ellipse) is constant; equivalently, the conic section that is the intersection of a cone with a plane that does not intersect the base of the cone.

ellipsis /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/ ellipses n
comhartha focalbhá focalbhá
(typography, mathematics) A mark consisting of multiple periods (with or without spaces), used to indicate omitted, missing, or illegible words; or (in mathematics) that a pattern continues.
focalbhá
(grammar, rhetoric) The omission of a word or phrase that can be inferred from the context.

elliptical /əˈlɪp.tɪ.kəl/ /ɪˈlɪp.tɪ.kəl/ /ɪˈlɪp.tɪk.əl/ more elliptical most elliptical adj
éilipseach
In a shape of, or reminding of, an ellipse; oval.
doiléir focalbháiteach timpeallach
Of, or showing ellipsis; having a word or words omitted.

elm /ɛlm/ /ˈɛləm/ elms n
leamhán
(countable) A tree of the genus Ulmus of the family Ulmaceae, large deciduous trees with alternate stipulate leaves and small apetalous flowers.

elope /ɛˈloʊp/ /ɛˈləʊp/ /ɪˈloʊp/ /ɪˈləʊp/ v
éalaigh le chéile
(intransitive, of a married person) To run away from home with a paramour.
(intransitive, of an unmarried person) To run away secretly for the purpose of getting married with one's intended spouse; to marry in a quick or private fashion, especially without a public period of engagement.

elver /ˈɛlvə(ɹ)/ elvers n
luathóg
A young eel.

em /ˈɛm/ ems n
eim muin
The name of the Latin-script letter M/m.

em dash em dashes n
eim-dais
(typography) The symbol (—) (used to demarcate a parenthetical thought or to indicate a break, or for emphasis)

emaciation emaciations n
snoí
The act of making very lean.

email /ˈiˌmeɪl/ /ˈiːmeɪl/ emails n
ríomhphost
(uncountable) A system for transferring messages from one computer to another, usually through a network.
(uncountable) A quantity of messages sent through an email system.
(countable) A message sent through an email system.

emancipate /ɪˈmænsɪpeɪt/ v
fuascail
To set free from the power of another; to liberate; as:

emancipation /ɪˌmæn.səˈpeɪ.ʃən/ emancipations n
fuascailt
The state of being thus set free; liberation (used, for example, of slaves from bondage, of a person from prejudices, of the mind from superstition, of a nation from tyranny or subjugation).

embalm /ɪmˈbɑlm/ /ɪmˈbɑm/ /ɪmˈbɑːm/ /ɪmˈbɔm/ v
balsamaigh
(transitive) To treat a corpse with preservatives in order to prevent decomposition.

embalmer embalmers n
balsamóir
One who embalms a corpse; a practitioner of mortuary science.

embassy /ˈɛmbəsi/ embassies n
ambasáid
An organization or group of officials who permanently represent a sovereign state in a second sovereign state or with respect to an international organization such as the United Nations.

embellish /ɛm-/ /ɪmˈbɛlɪʃ/ v
maisigh
To make more beautiful and attractive by adding ornamentation; to decorate.

ember /ˈɛm.bə/ /ˈɛm.bɚ/ embers n
aibhleog aibhleog dhearg smeachóid sméaróid smól splanc
A piece of coal or wood glowing by heat; a hot coal.

embers n
gríos gríosach
The smoldering or glowing remains of a fire, smoldering ash.

embezzle /əmˈbɛz.əl/ /ɛmˈbɛz.əl/ /ɪmˈbez.əl/ /ɪmˈbɛz.əl/ v
cúigleáil
(legal, business) To steal or misappropriate money that one has been trusted with, especially to steal money from the organisation for which one works.

embezzlement /ˌəmˈbɛzəlmənt/ /ˌɪmˈbɛzəlmənt/ embezzlements n
cúigleáil
(legal, business) The fraudulent conversion of property from a property owner.

embezzler /ɛmˈbɛz(ə)lɚ/ /ɪm-/ embezzlers n
cúigleálaí
One who steals money they have been trusted with, especially from one's employer; one who embezzles.

embolism /ˈɛmbəlɪzəm/ embolisms n
eambólacht
(pathology) An obstruction or occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus, that is by a blood clot, air bubble or other matter that has been transported by the blood stream.

embrace /ɛmˈbɹeɪs/ /ɪmˈbɹeɪs/ v
cuach
(transitive) To clasp (someone or each other) in the arms with affection; to take in the arms; to hug.

embroider /ɪmˈbɹɔɪdə/ /ɪmˈbɹɔɪdɚ/ v
bróidnigh gréasaigh spruigeáil
To stitch a decorative design on fabric with needle and thread of various colours.

embroiderer embroiderers n
bróidnéir
A person who embroiders

embroidery /ɪmˈbɹɔɪdəɹi/ embroideries n
bróidnéireacht
The ornamentation of fabric using needlework.
A piece of embroidered fabric.

emerald /ˈɛm.(ə.)ɹəld/ emeralds n
smaragaid
Any of various green gemstones, especially a green transparent form of beryl, highly valued as a precious stone.

emergency room emergency rooms n
Timpistí agus Éigeandáil
(North America, Philippines, healthcare) A department of a hospital where seriously ill or injured patients, often with life-threatening conditions that require urgent or immediate treatment, are brought in, usually by ambulance.

emery /ˈɛməɹi/ emeries n
éimear
(mineral) An impure type of corundum, often used for sanding or polishing.

emery cloth emery cloths n
ceirt éimir éadach éimir
An abrasive material, like sandpaper, made by gluing grains of emery to a cloth or paper surface.

emery paper emery papers n
páipéar éimir
An abrasive material, like sandpaper, made by gluing grains of emery to a cloth or paper surface.

emetic /əˈmɛt.ɪk/ more emetic most emetic adj
urlacach
(pharmaceutical effect) Causing nausea and vomiting.

emigration emigrations n
imirce
The act of emigrating; movement of a person or persons out of a country or national region, for the purpose of permanent relocation of residence.
A body of emigrants; emigrants collectively.

eminence /ˈɛmɪnəns/ eminences n
ardchéim
The quality or state of being eminent.
mullach
(geology) An elevated land area or a hill.

emir /ɛˈmɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈɛmɪə(ɹ)/ emirs umara n
éimír
A prince, commander or other leader or ruler in an Islamic nation.

emirate /ˈɛməɹət/ emirates n
éimíríocht
A country ruled by an emir.

emission /ɪˈmɪʃn̩/ /ɪˈmɪʃən/ emissions n
astaíocht astú cur amach
The act of emitting; the act of sending forth or putting into circulation.

emit /iˈmɪt/ /ɪˈmɪt/ v
astaigh
(intransitive) To come out, to be sent out or given off.

emoticon /əˈmoʊtəˌkɑn/ /ɪˈmoʊtəˌkɑn/ /ɪˈməʊtɪˌkɒn/ emoticons n
straoiseog
A graphical representation of a particular emotion of the writer, used especially in SMS, email, or other electronic communication.

emotion /iˈmoʊʃən/ /ɪˈmoʊʃən/ /ɪˈməʊʃən/ emotions n
mothúchán
A person's internal state of being and involuntary physiological response to an object or a situation, based on or tied to physical state and sensory data.

emperor /ˈempɘɹɘ/ /ˈempɹɘ/ /ˈɛmpəɹə/ /ˈɛmpəɹɚ/ /ˈɛmpɹə/ /ˈɛmpɹɚ/ emperors n
impire
Any monarch ruling an empire, irrespective of gender, with "empress" contrasting to mean the consort of an emperor.

emphasis /ˈɛmfəsɪs/ [ˈeɱfəsəs] [ˈeɱfəsɪs] [ˈɛɱfəsəs] [ˈɛɱfəsɪs] emphases n
béim
Special weight or forcefulness given to something considered important.

empire /ˈɛm.paɪ̯.ə/ /ˈɛm.paɪ̯ə̯/ /ˈɛmˌpaɪ̯ɚ/ /ˈɛmˌpaɪ̯ɹ/ empires n
impireacht
A political state, often a monarchy, that has achieved a much greater current size than its initial size by conquering surrounding territories, cities or nations.
A political unit ruled by an emperor or empress.
The group of states or other territories that owe allegiance to an imperial power (foreign to them), when distinguished from the native territory of that power; imperial possessions.
impireacht ollghnó
An expansive and powerful enterprise under the control of one person or group.

employ /ɛmˈplɔɪ/ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v
fostaigh
(rare) To provide (someone) with a new job; to hire.
bain úsáid as
To make busy; to preoccupy.

employability /ɪmˌplɔɪəˈbɪləti/ employabilities n
infhostaitheacht
(uncountable) The state or quality of being employable.

employable more employable most employable adj
infhostaithe
(especially of a person) Able to be employed.

employee /ɪm-/ /ˌɛmplɔɪˈiː/ /ˌɛmˈplɔɪiː/ employees n
fostaí
A person who provides labor to a company or another person.

employer /ɛmplɔɪˈə/ /ɛmˈplɔɪ.ɚ/ /ɛmˈplɔɪə/ /ɪmˈplɔɪ.ɚ/ /ɪmˈplɔɪə/ employers n
fostóir
A person, firm or other entity which pays for or hires the services of another person.

employment /ɛmˈplɔɪmənt/ /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ employments n
feidhmeannas
The occupation or work for which one is used, and often paid.
fostaíocht
The state of being employed.

emporium /ɛmˈpoɹ.i.əm/ /ɛmˈpoː(ə)ɹ.i.əm/ /ɛmˈpɔːɹ.i.əm/ /ɪm-/ emporia emporiums n
ollmhargadh
(also, figuratively) A shop that offers a wide variety of goods for sale; a department store; (with a descriptive word) a shop specializing in particular goods.

empress /ˈɛmpɹəs/ empresses n
banimpire
The female monarch (ruler) of an empire.
The wife or widow of an emperor or equated ruler.

emptiness emptinesses n
foilmhe
The state or feeling of being empty.

empty /ˈɛm.ti/ /ˈɛmp.ti/ emptier emptiest adj
folamh
Devoid of content; containing nothing or nobody; vacant.

empty /ˈɛm.ti/ /ˈɛmp.ti/ v
bánaigh folmhaigh
(transitive, ergative) To make empty; to remove the contents of.

emu /ˈim(j)u/ /ˈiːmjuː/ emus n
éamú
A large flightless bird native to Australia, Dromaius novaehollandiae. [from 18th c.]

emulsion emulsions n
eibleacht
A stable suspension of small droplets of one liquid in another with which it is immiscible.

en /ɪn/ /ˈɛn/ ens n
ein nion
The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.

en dash en dashes n
ein-dais
(typography) The punctuation mark –, which is used, for instance, to indicate a range.

en masse /ɑn ˈmæs/ /ɒn ˈmæs/ /ɒ̃ ˈmæs/ /ɪn ˈmæs/ adv
le chéile
in large amounts or numbers, massively

enact /ɪˈnækt/ v
achtaigh reachtaigh
(transitive, legal) To make (a bill) into law.

enactment enactments n
achtachán achtú
The act of enacting, or the state of being enacted.
acht achtachán dlí ordú
(law) A piece of legislation that has been properly authorized by a legislative body.

enamel /ɪˈnæməl/ enamels n
cruan amáille
An opaque, glassy coating baked onto metal or ceramic objects.

enamel /ɪˈnæməl/ v
cruan
(transitive) To coat or decorate with enamel.
(transitive) To variegate with colours, as if with enamel.

encamp /ɪnˈkæmp/ v
campáil
(intransitive) To establish a camp or temporary shelter.

encephalopathy /ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɒpəθi/ encephalopathies n
einceifealapaite
(pathology, neurology) Any of various conditions affecting the brain.

enchant /enˈt͡ʃɐːnt/ /ɘnˈt͡ʃɐːnt/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃant/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃænt/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃɑːnt/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃant/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃænt/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃɑːnt/ /ˈɪnˌt͡ʃænt/ /ˈɪnˌt͡ʃɑːnt/ v
draíocht ar
To cast a spell upon (often one that attracts or charms).

enchantment /ən-/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈtʃɑːnt.mənt/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃænt.mənt/ enchantments n
draíocht
Something that enchants; a magical spell.

enchantress /-ɹəs/ /ɛnˈtʃɑːntɹɪs/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃæntɹɪs/ /ɪnˈtʃɑːntɹɪs/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃæntɹɪs/ enchanter enchantresses n
bandraíodóir draíodóir mná
A woman, especially an attractive one, skilled at using magic; an alluring witch.

encircle /ɪnˈsɜːkl̩/ /ɪnˈsɝkl̩/ v
ciorclaigh timpeallaigh
(transitive) To surround, form a circle around.

enclose /ənˈkloʊz/ /ɪnˈkloʊz/ /ɪnˈkləʊz/ v
crioslaigh fálaigh timpeallaigh
(transitive) To surround with a wall, fence, etc.
cuir faoi iamh
(transitive) To insert into a container, usually an envelope or package.

enclosure /ɘnˈklɐʉʒɘ/ /ɛnˈkloʊʒəɹ/ /ɪnˈkloʊʒəɹ/ /ɪnˈkləʊʒə/ enclosures n
banrach bábhún clós fál loca mainnear
(countable) An area, domain, or amount of something partially or entirely enclosed by barriers.

encompass /-ˈkɑmpəs/ /ən-/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈkampəs/ /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/ v
timpeallaigh
(transitive) To form a circle around; to encircle.

encourage /ɪnˈkɝ.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ v
spreag
To mentally support; to motivate, give courage, hope or spirit.

encouragement [ɪnˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒmənt] encouragements n
spreagadh
Something that incites, supports, promotes, protects or advances; incentive

encyclical /ɛnˈsɪklɪkəl/ encyclicals n
imlitir ón bPápa
A papal letter, intended for general circulation in the Catholic Church.

encyclopedia /ənˌsəɪ.kləˈpi.di.ə/ /ɪnˌsaɪ.kləˈpi(ː).di.ə/ /ɪnˌsaɪ.kləˈpi(ː).dɪə/ encyclopediae encyclopedias encyclopediæ n
ciclipéid
A comprehensive reference work (often spanning several printed volumes) with articles (usually arranged in alphabetical order, or sometimes arranged by category) on a range of subjects, sometimes general, sometimes limited to a particular field.

end line end lines n
líne chúil
(basketball) out of bounds line under the basket

endearing /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈdɪəɹɪŋ/ /ɪnˈdɪɹɪŋ/ more endearing most endearing adj
muirneach taitneamhach
Inspiring affection or love, often in a childlike way.

endmember /ˈɛndmɛmbə/ /ˈɛndmɛmbɚ/ endmembers n
ceannbhall
(mineralogy, specifically) A mineral that occurs at one end in a range of solid solutions.

endnote endnotes n
fonóta iarnóta nóta cúil
An annotation placed at the end of a document or chapter of a document.

endocrine /ˈɛnd.oʊ.kɹɪn/ /ˈɛndə(ʊ)kɹaɪn/ /ˈɛndə(ʊ)kɹɪn/ adj
inchríneach
Producing internal secretions that are transported around the body by the bloodstream.

endocrine gland endocrine glands n
faireog inchríneach
(anatomy) Any of various glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood or lymph and not through a duct.

endogenous /ɪnˈdɑ.d͡ʒə.nəs/ /ɪnˈdɒd͡ʒ.ə.nəs/ more endogenous most endogenous adj
inginiúil
Produced, originating or growing from within.

endometrium /ˌɛndəˈmiːtɹi.əm/ endometria n
inmheitriam
(anatomy) The mucous membrane that lines the uterus in mammals and in which fertilized eggs are implanted.

endoparasite /ˌɛndə(ʊ)ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/ /ˌɛndəˈpɛɹəˌsaɪt/ endoparasites n
ionpharaisít
A parasite that lives inside the body of an organism, such as a tapeworm.

endoscope endoscopes n
ionscóp
An instrument used to examine a bodily orifice or canal, or a hollow organ.

endotrophic adj
iontrófach
(biology, of some parasitic fungi) obtaining nourishment from within another organism

endow /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈdaʊ/ v
maoinigh
(transitive) To give property to (someone) as a gift; specifically, to provide (a person or institution) with support in the form of a permanent fund of money or other benefits.

endowment /ɛnˈdaʊmənt/ /ɪnˈdaʊmənt/ endowments n
maoiniú
Something with which a person or thing is endowed.
maoineas maoininú
Property or funds invested for the support and benefit of a person or not-for-profit institution.

endpaper endpapers n
bileog cheangail
Either of two folded sheets of paper used to connect the front and back covers of a book to the first and last pages; one side of each endpaper is glued to the cover board, and the other side forms a flyleaf.

endurable /ɪnˈd(j)ʊɹ.ɪ.bəl/ /ɪnˈdɝ.ɪ.bəl/ more endurable most endurable adj
sofhulaingthe
Able to be endured; tolerable; bearable.

endurance /ɪnˈdjɔːɹəns/ /ɪnˈdjʊəɹəns/ /ɪnˈdɝəns/ /ɪnˈdʊɹəns/ endurances n
acmhainn fulaingt
Ability to endure hardship.

endure /ɪnˈd(j)ʊɹ/ /ɪnˈdjɔː(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈdjʊə̯(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈdɝ/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔː(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə̯(ɹ)/ v
iompair
To remain firm, as under trial or suffering; to suffer patiently or without yielding; to bear up under adversity; to hold out.

enemy /ˈɛnəmi/ enemies n
namhaid
Someone who is hostile to, feels hatred towards, opposes the interests of, or intends injury to someone else.

energetic /ˌɛnəˈdʒɛtɪk/ /ˌɛnɚˈd͡ʒɛtɪk/ more energetic most energetic adj
fuinniúil
(science) Possessing or pertaining to energy. [from 19th c.]

energize /ˈɛnəd͡ʒʌɪz/ v
fuinnmhigh
(transitive) To invigorate; to make energetic.
(transitive) To supply with energy, especially electricity; to turn on power to (something).

energumen /ɛn.ə.ˈɡjuː.mən/ energumens n
ainscian alfraits
A person possessed by an evil ghost, spirit, or entity.
díograiseoir fanaiceach
A frantic and hysterical person.

energy /ˈɛn.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˈɛn.ɚ.d͡ʒi/ energies n
fuinneamh
The impetus behind all motion and all activity.
The capacity to do work.
(physics) A quantity that denotes the ability to do work and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance²/time² (ML²/T²) or the equivalent.

enfeeble /ɪnˈfiːbəl/ v
anbhainnigh díneartaigh
(transitive) To make feeble.

enfilade /ˈɛnfəlˌeɪd/ /ˌɛnfəlˈeɪd/ enfilades n
lámhach leatrasna
Gunfire directed along the length of a target.

enforce /-ˈfo(ː)ɹs/ /-ˈfoəs/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈfoɹs/ /ɪnˈfɔːs/ v
cuir i bhfeidhm
(obsolete) To give force to; to strengthen; to invigorate; to urge with energy.

engaged /ɛnˈɡeɪd͡ʒd/ /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒd/ adj
geallta
Having agreed to marry a particular person (one's fiancé or fiancée) or each other.
gafa
(British) (of a telephone) Already involved in a telephone call when a third party calls.

engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ.mənt/ engagements n
gealltanas pósta
(countable, uncountable) The period of time when marriage is planned or promised.

engagement ring engagement rings n
fáinne gealltanais
(jewelry) A ring given to one's fiancé(e) or intended fiancé(e), signifying a promise to wed, typically a gold band with one or more diamonds or other precious stones.

engine /ˈend͡ʒɘn/ /ˈend͡ʒən/ /ˈend͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɛnd͡ʒən/ /ˈɛnd͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɪnd͡ʒɪn/ engines n
inneall mótair
A complex mechanical device which converts energy into useful motion or physical effects. [from 16th c.]

engineer /ˌɛn(d)ʒɪˈnɪə/ /ˌɛnd͡ʒɪˈnɪ(ə)ɹ/ engineers n
innealtóir
Originally, a person engaged in designing, constructing, or maintaining engines or machinery; now (more generally) , a person qualified or professionally engaged in any branch of engineering, or studying to do so.

engineering /ˌɛn(d)ʒɪˈnɪə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˌɛn.d͡ʒɪˈnɪ(ə)ɹ.ɪŋ/ engineerings n
innealtóireacht
(uncountable) The application of mathematics and the physical sciences to the needs of humanity and the development of technology.
Designates office area of the professional engineering staff.

engrave /ɪnˈɡɹeɪv/ v
grábháil
(transitive) To carve text or symbols into (something), usually for the purposes of identification or art.

engraver engravers n
breacaire
a person who engraves

enjoin /ənˈd͡ʒɔɪn/ /ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪn/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪn/ v
cuir d'fhiacha ar
(transitive, chiefly, literary) To lay upon, as an order or command; to give an injunction to; to direct with authority; to order; to charge.

enjoy /ənˈd͡ʒɔɪ/ /ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪ/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪ/ v
bain sult as bain spórt as bain taitneamh as
(transitive) To receive pleasure or satisfaction from something.

enjoyable /ənˈd͡ʒɔɪ.jə.bəl/ /ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪ.jə.bəl/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪ.jə.bəl/ more enjoyable most enjoyable adj
taitneamhach
Pleasant, capable of giving pleasure.

enlightenment /-laɪtmənt/ /ənˈlaɪtənmənt/ /ɪnˈlaɪtənmənt/ enlightenments n
léargas
An act of enlightening, or the state of being enlightened or instructed.
léargas soilsiú
A concept in spirituality, philosophy and psychology related to achieving clarity of perception, reason and knowledge.

enliven /ɛnˈlaɪvən/ v
beoigh
(transitive) To make more lively, cheerful or interesting.

ennui /ɑnˈwi/ /ɒnˈwiː/ ennuis n
leimhe meirtne
atuirse bailitheacht lagsprid liostacht
A gripping listlessness or melancholia caused by boredom; depression.

enormous /iˈnɔɹ.məs/ /ɪˈnoː.məs/ /ɪˈnɔɹ.məs/ /ɪˈnɔː.məs/ more enormous most enormous adj
anmhór
Extremely large; greatly exceeding the common size, extent, etc.

enough /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈnʌf/ adv
go leor
Sufficiently.

enough /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈnʌf/ determiner
dóthain
Sufficient; all that is required, needed, or appropriate.

enough /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈnʌf/ interjection
is leor sin
Stop! Don't do that any more!

enough /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈnʌf/ pronoun
dóthain
A sufficient or adequate number, amount, etc.

enshrine /ɛnˈʃɹʌɪn/ /ɪnˈʃɹʌɪn/ v
cumhdaigh
(figurative, law) To protect (an idea, ideal, or philosophy) within an official law or treaty.

ensiform /ˈɛnsəˌfɔɹm/ more ensiform most ensiform adj
claíomhchruthach
shaped like a sword blade

enslave /ɪnˈsleɪv/ v
daor
(transitive) To make subservient; to strip one of freedom; enthrall.

entangled more entangled most entangled adj
achrannach aimhréidh doraidh doréidh in ascar
tangled or twisted together

entanglement /ɪnˈtæŋɡəlmənt/ entanglements n
achrann aimhréidh doraidh fostú paintéaracht
The state or condition of being entangled; intricate and confused involution.

enter /ˈɛntə(ɹ)/ /ˈɛntɚ/ [ˈɛɾ̃ɚ] [ˈɪɾ̃ɚ] v
iontráil
(transitive) To cause to go (into), or to be received (into); to put in; to insert; to cause to be admitted.

enteric /ɛnˈtɛɹɪk/ adj
eintreach
Of, relating to, within, or by way of the intestines

enterprise /ˈɛntəˌpɹaɪz/ /ˈɛntɚˌpɹaɪz/ enterprises n
borrúlacht
(uncountable) A willingness to undertake new or risky projects; energy and initiative.

enterprising more enterprising most enterprising adj
borrúil
Very able and ingenious in business dealings or social advancement.

entertain /ˌɛntəˈteɪn/ /ˌɛntɚˈteɪn/ [ˌɛɾ̃ɚˈtʰeɪn] v
cuir siamsaíocht ar fáil do déan siamsa do
(obsolete) to take or keep in one's service; to maintain; to support; to harbour; to keep

entertainment /ˌɛn.təˈteɪn.mənt/ /ˌɛn.tɚˈteɪn.mənt/ entertainments n
siamsa
An activity designed to give pleasure, enjoyment, diversion, amusement, or relaxation to an audience, no matter whether the audience participates passively as in watching opera or a movie, or actively as in games.

enthuse /ɛnˈθjuːz/ /ɛnˈθuz/ /ɛnˈθɪu̯z/ /ɪnˈθjuːz/ /ɪnˈθuz/ v
spreag
(proscribed, sometimes, _, humorous) To cause (someone) to feel enthusiasm or to be enthusiastic.

enthusiast /-æst/ /-əst/ /-ˈθju-/ /-ˌæst/ /-θjuː-/ /-θïɯ-/ /en-/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈθu.ziˌɪst/ /ɪnˈθuː.ziˌæst/ /ɪ̞nˈθʊʉ.ziˌəst/ enthusiasts n
díograiseoir scailéathan
A person filled with or guided by enthusiasm.
díograiseoir
(archaic) A person exhibiting over-zealous religious fervour.

entity /ˈɛn.tɪ.ti/ entities n
aonán eintiteas
That which has a distinct existence as an individual unit. Often used for organisations which have no physical form.
aonán
(databases) Anything about which information or data can be stored in a database; in particular, one item in an organised array or set of individual elements or parts of the same type.

entomological adj
feithideolaíoch
Of or pertaining to entomology.

entomologist entomologists n
feithideolaí
A scientist who studies insects.

entomology /ˌɛntəˈmɒlədʒi/ n
feithideolaíocht
The scientific study of insects, and (informally) of other arthropods (and occasionally other invertebrates).

entourage /ˈɑn.tə.ɹɑʒ/ /ˈɑ̃ː.tʊ.ɹɑːʒ/ /ˈɒn.tʊ.ɹɑːʒ/ entourages n
comhluadar cuideachta lucht coimhdeachta timpeallacht
A retinue of attendants, associates or followers.

entrails /ˈɛn.tɹeɪlz/ /ˈɛn.tɹəlz/ n
abach
The internal organs of an animal, especially the intestines. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

entreat /ənˈtɹiːt/ /ɛnˈtɹiːt/ /ɪnˈtɹiːt/ v
achainigh
To treat with, or in respect to, a thing desired; hence, to ask for earnestly.

entreaty /ənˈtɹiːti/ /ɛnˈtɹiːti/ /ɪnˈtɹiːti/ entreaties n
achainí impí
The act of entreating or beseeching; a strong petition; pressing solicitation; begging.

entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/ /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnʊɚ/ /ˌɑ̃.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜː/ /ˌɒn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜː/ entrepreneurs n
fiontraí
A person who organizes and operates a business venture and assumes much of the associated risk.

entropy /ˈɛntɹəpi/ entropies n
eantrópacht
(Boltzmann definition) A measure of the disorder directly proportional to the natural logarithm of the number of microstates yielding an equivalent thermodynamic macrostate.
(thermodynamics, countable) A measure of the amount of energy in a physical system that cannot be used to do work.

entrust /ɪnˈtɹʌst/ v
cuir in iontaoibh lig ar iontaoibh le
(transitive) To trust to the care of.

entrustment entrustments n
tiomnú
the act of entrusting

entry /ˈɛntɹi/ entries n
iontráil
An item in a list, such as an article in a dictionary or encyclopedia.
A record made in a log, diary or anything similarly organized; (computing) a datum in a database.

enumeration /ɪˌnjuːməˈɹeɪʃən/ /ɪˌnuːməˈɹeɪʃən/ enumerations n
ríomh
The act of enumerating, making separate mention, or recounting.

enunciate /ɪˈnʌnsiˌeɪt/ v
fuaimnigh
(transitive) To articulate, pronounce.

envelope /-lop/ /ˈɑn-/ /ˈɑ̃vələʊp/ /ˈɒnvləʊp/ /ˈɒnvələʊp/ /ˈɛnvələʊp/ /ˈɛnvəˌloʊp/ envelopes n
clúdach clúdach litreach
A paper or cardboard wrapper used to enclose small, flat items, especially letters, for mailing.

envious /ˈɛnviːəs/ more envious most envious adj
éadmhar
Feeling or exhibiting envy; jealously desiring the excellence or good fortune of another; maliciously grudging

environment /-mɪnt/ /ənˈ-/ /ɪnˈvaɪɚ(n)mənt/ /ɪnˈvaɪɹə(n)mənt/ environments n
timpeallacht
A particular political or social setting, arena or condition.
(computing) The software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system.

envy /ˈɛnvi/ envies n
formad
Resentful desire of something possessed by another or others (but not limited to material possessions). [from 13th c.]

enzymatic adj
einsímeach
Of, relating to, or caused by enzymes.

enzyme /ˈɛn.zaɪm/ enzymes n
einsím
(biochemistry) A biomolecule that catalyses a biological chemical reaction: either a globular protein with this function or an RNA molecule with this function.
(strict) The protein type specifically.

eolithic adj
eoiliteach
(archaeology) of or relating to the early period of the Stone Age marked by the use of eoliths.

eon /ˈeɪ.ɑn/ /ˈeɪ.ɒn/ /ˈi.ɑn/ /ˈiː.ɒn/ /ˈiː.ən/ eons n
aeón
(geology) The longest geochronologic unit, being a period of hundreds of millions of years; subdivided into eras.

epact epacts n
éapacht
the time (number of days) by which a solar year exceeds twelve lunar months; it is used in the calculation of the date of Easter

epaulette /ˈɛpəlɛt/ /ˌɛpəˈlɛt/ epaulettes n
guailleog
An ornamentation, worn on the shoulders of a military uniform, as a sign of rank.

epeirogenesis n
eipirigineas
(geomorphology) Formation of continents, ocean basins and plateaus via movements of earth's crust.

epenthesis /ɪˈpɛn.θə.sɪs/ epentheses n
eipintéis
(phonetics, prosody) The insertion of a phoneme, letter, or syllable into a word, usually to satisfy the phonological constraints of a language or poetic context.

epenthetic /ˌɛpənˈθɛtɪk/ adj
cúnta
(phonology, of a phoneme or syllable) Inserted into a word.

ephemeral /əˈfɛ.mə.ɹəl/ /ɛˈfɛ.mə.ɹəl/ more ephemeral most ephemeral adj
breacshaolach gearrshaolach
Lasting for a short period of time.

ephemeris /ɪˈfɛməɹəs/ /ɪˈfɛməɹɪs/ ephemerides ephemerises n
eifimiris
(astronomy, nautical) A table giving the apparent position of celestial bodies throughout the year; normally given as right ascension and declination.

epiblast epiblasts n
eipeablast
(biology, embryology) The outer layer of a blastula that, after gastrulation, becomes the ectoderm.

epicene /ˈɛp.əˌsin/ /ˈɛp.ɪˌsiːn/ epicenes n
piteog
(by extension, usually, pejorative) An effeminate man.

epicentre /ˈɛpɪˌsɛntə/ /ˈɛpɪˌsɛntɚ/ epicentres n
eipealár
(seismology) The point on the land or water surface directly above the focus, or hypocentre, of an earthquake.
(military) The point on the surface of the earth directly above an underground explosion.
airmheán ceartlár croí croílár
(figuratively, proscribed) The focal point of any activity, especially if dangerous or destructive.

epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/ more epidemic most epidemic adj
eipidéimeach
Like or having to do with an epidemic; widespread.

epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/ epidemics n
eipidéim
A widespread disease that affects many individuals in a population.
(epidemiology) An occurrence of a disease or disorder in a population at a frequency higher than that expected in a given time period; an episode of outbreak and subsequent high prevalence.

epidemiologist epidemiologists n
eipidéimeolaí
(epidemiology) A scientist (often a medical doctor) who specializes in epidemiology.

epidemiology /ˈɛp.ɪ.diː.miː.ɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛp.ɪˌdi.miˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛp.ɪˌdɛm.iˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ epidemiologies n
eipidéimeolaíocht
(sciences) The branch of science dealing with the spread and control of diseases, viruses, concepts etc. throughout populations or systems.

epigeal adj
eipigéach
(biology) Living near the surface of the ground

epigenetics /ˌɛpɪd͡ʒəˈnɛtɪks/ n
eipigéineolaíocht
(genetics) The study of the processes involved in the genetic development of an organism, especially the activation and deactivation of genes.
(genetics) The study of heritable changes caused by the activation and deactivation of genes without any change in DNA sequence.

epigram /ˈɛpɪɡɹæm/ epigrams n
burdún
A short, witty or pithy poem.

epigraph /ˈɛpɪˌɡɹæf/ epigraphs n
eipeagraf
An inscription, especially on a building.

epilepsy /ˈɛpɪlɛpsi/ epilepsies n
breoiteacht mhór galar Póil galar talmhaí galar titimeach tinneas Póil tinneas beannaithe
(pathology) A medical condition in which the sufferer experiences seizures (or convulsions) and blackouts.

epileptic /ˌɛpɪˈlɛptɪk/ adj
titimeach titimis
Of or relating to an epileptic or epileptics (epileptic people).

epileptic /ˌɛpɪˈlɛptɪk/ epileptics n
titimeach
A person who has epilepsy.

epilogue /ˈɛp.ɪ.lɒɡ/ /ˈɛpɪlɑɡ/ /ˈɛpɪlɔɡ/ epilogues n
iarfhocal
A brief oration or script at the end of a literary piece; an afterword
(computing) A component of a computer program that prepares the computer to return from a routine.

epinasty epinasties n
eipeanastacht
(botany) The downward curvature of leaves etc due to differential growth rates.

epiphysis /əˈpɪf.ɪ.sɪs/ /ɪˈpɪf.ɪ.sɪs/ epiphyses n
eipifís
(skeleton) The rounded end of any long bone.

episode /ˈep.ɪ.səʉd/ /ˈɛp.ə.soʊd/ /ˈɛp.ɪ.səʊd/ episodes n
eachtra teagmhas
An incident, action, or time period standing out by itself, but more or less connected with a complete series of events.
clár eagrán eipeasóid
An instalment of a drama told in parts, as in a TV series.

epistemology /eˌpɪstiˈmɔləd͡ʒi/ /iˌpɪstəˈmɑləd͡ʒi/ /əˌpɪstəˈmɑləd͡ʒi/ /əˌpɪstəˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ /ɛˌpɪstəˈmɑləd͡ʒi/ /ɪˌpɪstəˈmɑləd͡ʒi/ /ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ epistemologies n
eipistéimeolaíocht
(uncountable) The branch of philosophy dealing with the study of knowledge; the theory of knowledge, asking such questions as "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", "What do people know?", "How do we know what we know?", "How do we know it is true?", and so on.

epitaph /ˈɛp.ɪˌtæf/ /ˈɛp.ɪˌtɑːf/ epitaphs n
feartlaoi
An inscription on a gravestone in memory of the deceased.
A poem or other short text written in memory of a deceased person.

epitome /əˈpɪt.ə.mi/ /ɪˈpɪt.ə.mi/ epitomai epitomes n
gearrinsint
A brief summary of a text.

eponym /ˈɛpənɪm/ eponyms n
eapainm
A person who gave or supposedly gave their name to a people, place, institution, etc.
(sometimes, _, proscribed) A name taken from a person, a namesake toponym, term, etc.
(loosely, sometimes, _, proscribed) A name or term derived from any proper noun, inclusive of places, brands, etc.

eponymous /əˈpɑnəməs/ /ɛ-/ /ɪˈpɒnɪməs/ more eponymous most eponymous adj
eapainmneach
Of, relating to, or being the person or entity after which someone or something is named; serving as an eponym.

equal /ˈiːkwəl/ /ˈiːkəl/ equals n
diongbháil leithéid
A person or thing of equal status to others.

equality /ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/ /ɪˈkwɒl.ɪ.ti/ [ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ɾi] equalities n
comhionannas ionannas
(mathematics) The fact of being equal, of having the same value.
comhionannas
The equal treatment of people irrespective of social or cultural differences.

equanimity /ˌiːkwəˈnɪmɪti/ /ˌɛkwəˈnɪmɪti/ equanimities n
sochmaíocht
The state of being calm, stable and composed, especially under stress.

equation /ɪˈkweɪʃən/ /ɪˈkweɪʒən/ equations n
cothromóid
(mathematics) An assertion that two expressions are equal, expressed by writing the two expressions separated by an equal sign; in mathematical problems, equations describe various essential aspects of the problem, each of which contributes to the resolution of the problem in part.

equative /i(ː)ˈkweɪtɪv/ /ˈɛkwətɪv/ equatives n
céim chothroim
(grammar) A construction showing an equal quality. In English, this is normally formed using as. For example, the equative of happy is as happy as.

equator /iˈkweɪ.tɚ/ /ɪˈkweɪ.tə/ /ɪˈkweɪ.tɚ/ equators n
méanchiorcal meánchiorcal
(geography, often, _, “the Equator”) An imaginary great circle around Earth, equidistant from the two poles, and dividing earth's surface into the northern and southern hemisphere.

equestrianism equestrianisms n
eachaíocht marcachas marcaíocht
The art or sport of horseriding; the skill required for it.

equinox /ˈi-/ /ˈiː-/ /ˈɛkwəˌnɑks/ /ˈɛkwɪnɒks/ /ˈɛkwɪˌnɑks/ /ˌi-/ /ˌiː-/ /ˌɛkwəˈnɑktiz/ /ˌɛkwɪˈnɑktiz/ /ˌɛkwɪˈnɒktiːz/ equinoctes equinoxes n
cónocht
One of two times in the year (one in March and the other in September) when the length of the day and the night are equal, which occurs when the sun is directly overhead at the equator; this marks the beginning of spring in one hemisphere and autumn in the other.

equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ equipments n
acmhainn airnéis gléasra
Any items used in equipping something or someone, for example things needed for an expedition or voyage.

equitable /ˈɛk.wɪ.tə.bəl/ more equitable most equitable adj
cothromasach
Marked by or having equity.

equitation equitations n
eachaíocht
The art, practice or act of horseriding.

equity /ˈɛk.wɪ.ti/ equities n
cothromas cóir
Fairness, impartiality, or justice as determined in light of "natural law" or "natural right".
cothromas
(legal) The power of a court of law having extra-statutory discretion, to decide legal matters and to provide legal relief apart from, though not in violation of, the prevailing legal code; in some cases, a court "sitting in equity" may provide relief to a complainant should the code be found either inapplicable or insufficient to do so.
(legal, finance) Value of property minus liens or other encumbrances.

equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ more equivalent most equivalent adj
comhionann
Similar or identical in value, meaning or effect; virtually equal.

equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ equivalents n
luach-chomaoin
Anything that is virtually equal to something else, or has the same value, force, etc.

erase /ɪˈɹeɪs/ /ɪˈɹeɪz/ v
léirscrios
(transitive) To obliterate information from (a storage medium), such as to clear or (with magnetic storage) to demagnetize.
glan
(transitive) To obliterate (information) from a storage medium, such as to clear or to overwrite.
scrios
(intransitive) To be erased (have markings removed, have information removed, or be cleared of information).

eraser /ɪˈɹeɪsɚ/ /ɪˈɹeɪzə/ erasers n
scriosán
(North America, Philippines) A thing used to erase or remove something written or drawn by a pen or a pencil.

erbium /ˈɜː.bɪ.əm/ /ˈɝ.bi.əm/ erbiums n
eirbiam
A chemical element (symbol Er) with atomic number 68: a silvery-white metal, in nature always found in combination with other elements.

erect /ɪˈɹɛkt/ more erect most erect adj
ardcheannach
Upright; vertical or reaching broadly upwards.

erect /ɪˈɹɛkt/ v
fadaigh
(transitive) To put up by the fitting together of materials or parts.

erection /ɪˈɹɛkʃən/ erections n
éirí
(uncountable, physiology, of a penis or clitoris) The state or quality of being erect from engorgement with blood.

ergonomics /əːɡəˈnɒmɪks/ /ˌɝɡəˈnɑmɪks/ n
eirgeanamaíocht
The science of the design of equipment, especially so as to reduce operator fatigue, discomfort and injury. [from c. 1950.]

ergot /ˈəɹɡət/ /ˈəɹˌɡɑt/ /ˈəːɡɒt/ /ˈəːɡət/ ergots n
eargót
The sclerotium (wintering stage) of certain fungi in the genus Claviceps, appearing as a deformed grain in certain cereals and grasses infected by the fungi.

ermine /ˈɜːmɪn/ /ˈɝmɪn/ ermine ermines n
easóg bláthnaid cailín bán
A weasel found in northern latitudes (Mustela erminea in Eurasia, Alaska, and the Arctic, Mustela haidarum in Haida Gwaii, Mustela richardsonii in the rest of North America); its dark brown fur turns white in winter, apart from the black tip of the tail.

erosion /əˈɹoʊʒən/ /əˈɹəʊʒən/ erosions n
líomhadh
(uncountable) The changing of a surface by mechanical action, friction, thermal expansion contraction, or impact.

erotic /ɪˈɹɑtɪk/ /ɪˈɹɒtɪk/ more erotic most erotic adj
anghrách earótach
Relating to or tending to arouse sexual desire or excitement.

eroticism eroticisms n
anghrá anghráchas earótachas
the state of being erotic, or of being sexually aroused

errand /ˈɛɹənd/ errands n
teachtaireacht
A journey undertaken to accomplish some task.

error /ɛɚ/<a:some accents> /ˈeɹ.ɚ/<a:Mmmm> /ˈɛɹ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɛɹ.ɚ/ /ˈɛɹ.ɚ/<a:nMmmm> ; errors n
botún earráid dearmad iomrall
(countable) A mistake; an accidental wrong action or a false statement not made deliberately.

error /ɛɚ/<a:some accents> /ˈeɹ.ɚ/<a:Mmmm> /ˈɛɹ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɛɹ.ɚ/ /ˈɛɹ.ɚ/<a:nMmmm> ; v
déan earráid
(computing) To function improperly due to an error, especially accompanied by error message.

ersatz /ɛəɹˈsɑːts/ /ɛəɹˈzɑːts/ /ˈɛəzæts/ /ˈɛəɹsɑts/ /ˈɛəɹzɑts/ /ˈɜːsæts/ /ˈɝsæts/ ersatzes n
tacar
Something made in imitation; an effigy or substitute.

erudite /ˈɛɹ.(j)u.daɪt/ /ˈɛɹ.(j)ə.daɪt/ /ˈɛɹ.ʊ.daɪt/ more erudite most erudite adj
léannta
Learned, scholarly, with emphasis on knowledge gained from books.

eruption /ɪˈɹʌpʃən/ eruptions n
brúchtadh
A violent ejection, such as the spurting out of lava from a volcano.

erysipelas /ˌɛ.ɹɪˈsɪp.ɪl.əs/ /ˌɛɹ.əˈsɪp.ləs/ /ˌɛɹ.əˈsɪp.əl.əs/ /ˌɪɹ.əˈsɪp.ləs/ /ˌɪɹ.əˈsɪp.əl.əs/ erysipelases n
arasaipil rua ruachtach tine dhia
(disease) An acute, sometimes recurrent febrile disease caused by infection of a hemolytic streptococcus, associated with intense edematous local inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and marked by large raised red patches on the skin.

escalator /ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tə/ /ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/ escalators n
staighre beo
A motor-driven mechanical device consisting of a continuous loop of steps that automatically conveys people from one floor to another.

escape velocity escape velocities n
treoluas éalaithe
(astrophysics) The minimum speed needed to escape the gravitational field of a planet or other body.

escarpment /ɪˈskɑɹp.mənt/ /ɪˈskɑːp.mənt/ escarpments n
scairp
A steep descent or declivity; steep face or edge of a ridge; ground about a fortified place, cut away nearly vertically to prevent hostile approach.

eschatological /ˌɛskətəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌɛskətəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ adj
eascaiteolaíoch
Pertaining to eschatology.

eschatology /ˌɛs.kəˈtɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛsk.əˈtɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ eschatologies n
eascaiteolaíocht
(uncountable) The study of the end times—the end of the world, notably in Christian and Islamic theology, the second coming of Christ, the Apocalypse, or the Last Judgment.

eschew /s.t͡ʃ/ /sk/ /ɛsˈt͡ʃju/ /ɛsˈt͡ʃu/ /ɛsˈt͡ʃuː/ /ɛˈskju/ /ɛˈʃu/ /ɪsˈt͡ʃu/ /ɪsˈt͡ʃuː/ /ɪʃˈt͡ʃuː/ /ɪˈʃu/ /ʃ/ v
seachain
(transitive, formal) To avoid; to shun, to shy away from.

escort /ɪsˈkɔɹt/ /ɪsˈkɔːt/ /ˈɛs.kɔɹt/ /ˈɛs.kɔːt/ v
tionlaic
To attend to in order to guard and protect; to accompany as a safeguard (for the person escorted or for others); to give honorable or ceremonious attendance to

escudo escudos n
escudo Portaingéalach escudo Rinn Verde escudo na Portaingéile
The current currency of Cape Verde.

esker /ˈɛskə/ /ˈɛskɚ/ eskers n
eiscir
A long, narrow, sinuous ridge created by deposits from a stream running beneath a glacier.

esophageal /ɪˌsɒfəˈd͡ʒiːəl/ adj
éasafagach
Of or pertaining to the esophagus.

esophagitis esophagitides n
éasafaigíteas
(American spelling) Inflammation of the oesophagus.

esparto n
alfa
Either of two species of perennial grasses used for fibre production, and for making paper:

especially /əˈspɛʃ.(ə.)li/ /ɛkˈspɛʃ.(ə.)li/ /ɛsˈpɛʃ.(ə.)li/ /ɪˈspɛʃ.(ə.)li/ more especially most especially adv
go speisealta
(manner) In a special manner; specially.
go mór mór áirithe
(focus) Particularly; to a greater extent than is normal.

ess /ˈɛs/ esses n
eas sail
The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

essay /ɛˈseɪ/ /ˈɛs.eɪ/ essays n
aiste
(authorship) A written composition of moderate length, exploring a particular issue or subject.

essayist /ˈɛ.seɪ.ɪst/ essayists n
aistí scríbhneoir aistí
One who composes essays; a writer of short compositions.

essence /ˈɛsəns/ essences n
garr
The inherent nature of a thing or idea.

essential /ɪˈsɛn.ʃəl/ [əˈsɛn.tʃəl] more essential most essential adj
riachtanach
Necessary.

establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ v
cuir ar bun
(transitive) To form; to found; to institute; to set up in business.

establishment /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/ establishments n
bunaíocht
The state of being established, founded, etc.; fixed state.
That which is established; as a form of government, a permanent organization, business or force, or the place where one is permanently fixed for residence.
(Christianity) The institution and official status of a church as a state church, especially that of the Church of England and historically of Ireland.

estate /ɪˈsteɪt/ estates n
seilbh
An (especially extensive) area of land, under a single ownership. [from 18th c.]

esteem /əˈstiːm/ /ɪˈstiːm/ esteems n
ardmheas gradam urraim
Favourable regard.

esterification esterifications n
eistearúchán
(organic chemistry) Any reaction (typically between an acid and an alcohol) that results in the production of an ester

estimate /ˈɛs.tə.mət/ /ˈɛs.təˌmeɪt/ /ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ /ˈɛs.tɪˌmeɪt/ estimates n
meastachán
A rough calculation or assessment of the value, size, or cost of something.

estimate /ˈɛs.tə.mət/ /ˈɛs.təˌmeɪt/ /ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ /ˈɛs.tɪˌmeɪt/ v
meas
To calculate roughly, often from imperfect data.

estrogen /ˈiːstɹəd͡ʒən/ /ˈɛstɹəd͡ʒən/ estrogens n
éastraigin
(steroid hormone) Any of a group of steroids that are secreted by the ovaries and function as female sex hormones.

estuary /ˈɛstjʊəɹi/ /ˈɛst͡ʃuˌɛɹi/ /ˈɛst͡ʃəɹi/ /ˈɛst͡ʃʊəɹi/ estuaries n
inbhir
A coastal water body where ocean tides and river water merge, resulting in a brackish water zone.

etc. /ɪkˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/ /ɪt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/ /ˌɛkˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/ /ˌɛt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/ phraseologicalUnit
agus mar sin de ⁊rl.
And so on: used to note that the rest of a list or piece of information has been left out on the assumption that it is similar or already known.

eternal /iˈtɝ.nəl/ /ɪˈtɜː.nəl/ /ɪˈtɝ.nəl/ more eternal most eternal adj
síoraí
Lasting forever; unending.

ethane /ˈiːθeɪn/ /ˈɛθeɪn/ ethanes n
eatán
(organic compound, uncountable) An aliphatic hydrocarbon, C2H6, gaseous at normal temperatures and pressures, being a constituent of natural gas.

ethereal /ɪˈθɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ /ɪˈθɪɚ.i.əl/ more ethereal most ethereal adj
aerga
Pertaining to the presupposition of an invisible air-like element permeating all of space, or to the higher regions beyond the earth or beyond the atmosphere.

ethical /ˈɛθɪkəl/ more ethical most ethical adj
eiticiúil
(philosophy, not comparable) Of or relating to the study of ethics.
(not comparable) Of or relating to the accepted principles of right and wrong, especially those of some organization or profession.

ethicist /ˈɛθɪsɪst/ ethicists n
eiticí
A person, especially a philosopher, who studies ethics (principles governing right and wrong conduct).

ethics /ˈɛθ.ɪks/ ethics n
eitic
(philosophy) The study of principles relating to right and wrong conduct.
The standards that govern the conduct of a person, especially a member of a profession.

ethnic /ˈɛθ.nɪk/ more ethnic most ethnic adj
eitneach
Of or relating to a group of people having common racial, ancestral, national, religious or cultural origins.

ethnic cleansing n
glanadh eitneach
(euphemistic) The mass expulsion or killing of people belonging to one ethnic group by those of another.

ethnicity /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/ ethnicities n
eitneachas
The common characteristics of a group of people, especially regarding ancestry, culture, language or national experiences.
eitneacht
An ethnic group.

ethnocentric more ethnocentric most ethnocentric adj
eitnealárnach
Of or pertaining to ethnocentrism.

ethnocentrism /ˌɛθ.nəʊˈsɛn.tɹɪzm̩/ ethnocentrisms n
eitnealárnachas
The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own traditional, deferred, or adoptive ethnic culture.

ethnographer ethnographers n
eitneagrafaí
One who practices ethnography.

ethnographic adj
eitneagrafaíoch
Relating to ethnography.

ethnography /ɛθˈnɑɡɹəfi/ /ɛθˈnɒɡɹəfi/ ethnographies n
eitneagrafaíocht
(anthropology) The branch of anthropology that scientifically describes specific human cultures and societies.

ethnolect /ˈɛθnəlɛkt/ ethnolects n
eitneachanúint
A language variety specific to an ethnic group.

ethnolinguistic adj
eitnitheangeolaíoch

ethnological more ethnological most ethnological adj
eitneolaíochta eitneolaíochtúil
Of or pertaining to ethnology.

ethnologist ethnologists n
eitneolaí
One who practices ethnology.

ethnology ethnologies n
eitneolaíocht
(anthropology) The branch of anthropology that studies and compares the different human cultures.

ethnomusicology ethnomusicologies n
eitnicheoleolaíocht
(music) The study of music and culture; the study of music as it relates to its cultural context.

ethology /iˈθɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /iːˈθɒl.ə.dʒi/ /ɪˈθɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ ethologies n
eiteolaíocht
(zoology) The scientific study of animalian behaviour, especially that of nonhuman animals.

ethos /ˈiːθɒs/ /ˈiθoʊs/ /ˈiθɑs/ ethe ethea ethoses n
éiteas
(rhetoric) A form of rhetoric in which the writer or speaker invokes their authority, competence or expertise in an attempt to persuade others that their view is correct.
(art) The traits in a work of art which express the ideal or typic character, as influenced by the ethos (character or fundamental values) of a people, rather than emotional situations or individual character traits in a narrow sense; opposed to pathos.

ethyl /ˈiːθaɪl/ /ˈiːθɪl/ /ˈɛθaɪl/ /ˈɛθəl/ /ˈɛθɪl/ ethyls n
eitil
(organic chemistry) The univalent hydrocarbon radical, C2H5, formally derived from ethane by the loss of a hydrogen atom.

ethylene /ˈɛθəˌliːn/ /ˈɛθɪˌliːn/ ethylenes n
eitiléin eitéin
(organic compound) The common name for the organic chemical compound ethene. The simplest alkene, a colorless gaseous (at room temperature and pressure) hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C2H4.

ethyne ethynes n
eitín
(organic compound, official IUPAC name) The organic compound acetylene. The simplest alkyne, a colorless gaseous (at room temperature and pressure) hydrocarbon with the chemical formula HC≡CH or C2H2.

etiolation /ˌiːtiəˈleɪʃən/ etiolations n
eitialacht
(botany) Growth process of plants grown in the absence of light, characterized by long, weak stems, fewer leaves and chlorosis.

etiquette /ˈɛt.ɪ.kɪt/ /ˈɛt.ɪˌkɛt/ etiquettes n
béasaíocht
The manners or decent behaviour to be observed in social or professional life; conventional decorum; the ceremonial code of polite society.
The customary behavior of members of a profession, business, law, or sports team towards each other.

etymology /ˌet.əˈmɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛt.əˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛt.ɪˈmɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ [ˌeɾ.əˈmɔl.ə.d͡ʒi] [ˌɛɾ.əˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒi] etymologies n
sanasaíocht
(countable) An account of the origin and historical development of a word as presented in a dictionary or the like.

eucalyptus /ˌjuːkəˈlɪptəs/ eucalypti eucalyptuses n
eocalaip
Any of many trees, of genus Eucalyptus, native mainly to Australia.

eugenics /juːˈd͡ʒɛnɪks/ n
eoiginic
(sociology, biology) A social philosophy or practice which advocates the improvement of human hereditary qualities through selective breeding, either by encouraging people with good genetic qualities to reproduce (positive eugenics), or discouraging people with bad genetic qualities from reproducing (negative eugenics), or by technological means.

eulogist eulogists n
adhmholtóir
A speaker who delivers a funeral oration (eulogy) for a deceased person.
A person who praises another person or thing.

eulogistic more eulogistic most eulogistic adj
adhmholtach
Conveying praise or admiration, as in a eulogy.

eulogize v
adhmhol

eulogy /ˈju.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˈjuː.lə.d͡ʒi/ eulogies n
aitheasc moladh mairbh óráid mholta
An oration to honor a deceased person, usually at a funeral.
adhmholadh amhra dréacht molta formholadh moladh teasmholadh
Speaking highly of someone or something; the act of praising or commending someone or something.

eunuch /ˈjuː.nək/ eunuchs n
coillteán
A castrated human male.

euphonic more euphonic most euphonic adj
dea-fhoghrach
Characterized by euphony; harmonious.

euphonium /juːˈfəʊnɪəm/ euphoniums n
eofón
A valved brass instrument with conical tubing similar in appearance to a tuba but of higher pitch; a sax horn.

euro /ˈjɝoʊ/ /ˈjʊəɹəʊ/ /ˈjʊɹoʊ/ euro euros n
euro eoró euronna
The currency unit of the European Monetary Union. Symbol: €
euro
A coin with a face value of one euro.

europium /jʊəˈɹoʊ.pi.əm/ n
eoraipiam
A metallic chemical element (symbol Eu) with an atomic number of 63.

eustasy /ˈjustəsi/ /ˈjuːstəsi/ eustasies n
eostatacht
(geology, oceanography) A worldwide change in sea level, especially one caused by melting ice or tectonic activity. [from 1940s]

eustatic adj
eostatach
Of or pertaining to eustasy.

euthanasia /juː.θəˈneɪ.zɪ.ə/ /juːθəˈneɪʒə/ euthanasias n
eotanáis
The practice of intentionally killing a human being or animal for humane reasons, especially in order to end suffering.

eutrophic /juːˈtɹoʊfɪk/ /juːˈtɹɑfɪk/ /juːˈtɹɒfɪk/ /juːˈtɹəʊfɪk/ more eutrophic most eutrophic adj
eotrófach
(biology, of a body of water) Being rich in nutrients and minerals and therefore having an excessive growth of algae and thus a diminished oxygen content to the detriment of other organisms.

evacuate /ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt/ v
folmhaigh
To make empty; to empty out; to remove the contents of, including to create a vacuum.

evaluate /ɨˈvaljʊeɪt/ /ɪ̈ˈvaljəˌweɪt/ v
luacháil
(transitive) To draw conclusions from examining; to assess.

evangelical /iːvænˈd͡ʒɛlɪkəl/ more evangelical most evangelical adj
soiscéalach
Pertaining to the doctrines or teachings of the Christian gospel or Christianity in general.

evapotranspiration /ɪˌvæpəʊˌtɹænspɪˈɹeɪʃn̩/ evapotranspirations n
imghalú
The transfer of water from the surface of the earth to the atmosphere by evaporation, sublimation and transpiration.

even /ˈivn̩/ /ˈivən/ /ˈiːvən/ more even most even adj
réidh
Flat and level.

even /ˈivn̩/ /ˈivən/ /ˈiːvən/ adv
fiú
In reality; implying an extreme example in the case mentioned, as compared to the implied reality.

even Homer nods proverb
ní bhíonn saoi gan locht
Not even the most vigilant and expert are immune to error.

even number even numbers n
ré-uimhir uimhir chothrom
A positive integer that can be divided by two, and two itself.

even so adv
mar sin féin
In spite of preceding a remark (or fact) within a given discourse.

even though /ˈivən ðoʊ/ /ˈiːvən ðəʊ/ conjunction
cé go má
Although; though; despite or in spite of the fact that.

even-tempered more even-tempered most even-tempered adj
réidh
Remaining calm even in situations that would cause many others to become angry, frustrated, panicky, etc.

evening /ˈivnɪŋ/ /ˈiːvnɪŋ/ evenings n
tráthnóna
The time of the day between the approximate time of midwinter dusk and midnight (compare afternoon); the period after the end of regular office working hours.

evensong evensongs n
easparta
A religious service, most commonly seen in the Anglican or Episcopal Church, that takes place in the early hours of the evening; originally, and sometimes still, an alternative name for vespers or a service combining vespers and compline.

event horizon /-zɪn/ /əˈvɛnt həˈɹaɪ.zən/ [-zɪn] [əˈvɛn -] [əˈvɛɾ̃ həˈɹaɪ.zən] event horizons n
léaslíne theagmhais
(astrophysics) The gravitational sphere of a black hole within which the escape velocity is greater than the speed of light.

eventually /ɪ.ˈvɛn.tjʊ.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃu.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃu.ə.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃuː.ə.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃə.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃʊ.li/ adv
i ndeireadh na dála
In the end; at some later time, especially after a long time, a series of problems, struggles, delays or setbacks.

evergreen /ˈɛvəɡɹiːn/ /ˈɛvɚɡɹin/ adj
síorghlas
Of plants, especially trees, that do not shed their leaves seasonally.

evergreen /ˈɛvəɡɹiːn/ /ˈɛvɚɡɹin/ evergreens n
crann síorghlas
A shrub or tree that does not shed its leaves or needles seasonally.

every /ˈɛv.(ə.)ɹi/ determiner
gach gach uile
All of a countable group (considered individually), without exception.

every little helps proverb
bailíonn brobh beart
(UK) Even the smallest things are helpful when towards a goal.

every second adj
gach dara gach re
Every other/two; each alternate.

everyday /ˈɛvɹiˌdeɪ/ adj
gnáth-
Appropriate for ordinary use, rather than for special occasions.
Commonplace, ordinary.

everyone /ˈɛv.ɹi.wʌn/ pronoun
gach aon duine gach uile dhuine
Every person.

everything /ˈɛvɹiθɪŋ/ pronoun
gach rud
(literally) All the things under discussion.

everywhere /ɛv.ɹi.(h)weə(ɹ)/ /ɛv.ɹi.(h)wɛɹ/ adv
i ngach áit
In or to all locations under discussion.

evict v
díshealbhaigh
(transitive) To expel (one or more people) from their property; to force (one or more people) to move out.

evidence /ˈev.ɪ.dəns/ /ˈɛv.ə.dəns/ /ˈɛv.ɪ.dəns/ [ˈɛv.ə.ɾəns] [ˈɛv.ɪ.ɾəns] evidences n
fianaise
Facts or observations presented in support of an assertion.
(legal) Anything admitted by a court to prove or disprove alleged matters of fact in a trial.

evident /ˈɛv.ə.dənt/ /ˈɛv.ɪ.dənt/ more evident most evident adj
follasach soiléir
Obviously true by simple observation.

evidential /ˌɛ.vɪˈdən.t͡ʃəl/ more evidential most evidential adj
fianaiseach
Of or providing evidence.

evidently /ˈɛvɪdəntli/ more evidently most evidently adv
de réir cosúlachta de réir dealraimh
In a manner which makes the fact or conclusion evident; obviously; as may be clearly inferred. [from 17th c.]

evil eye /ˌiv(ə)l̩‿ˈaɪ/ /ˌiːvl̩‿ˈaɪ/ /ˌiːvɪl-/ evil eyes n
drochshúil
A wicked look conveying dislike or envy that in many cultures is believed to be able to cause bad luck or injury; also, the ability to cause bad luck or injury through such a look, supposed to be possessed by some people.

evildoer /ˈivəlˌduːɚ/ /ˈiːvəlˌduːə/ evildoers n
ainbheartach
A person who performs evil acts.

evocative more evocative most evocative adj
allabhrach
That which evokes (brings to mind) a memory, mood, idea, feeling, or image; redolent or reminiscent.

evolution /ɛvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ /ɛvəˈlʉːʃən/ /ˌivə-/ /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɛvəˈluʃ(ə)n/ evolutions n
éabhlóid
(biology) The transformation of animals, plants and other living things into different forms (now understood as a change in genetic composition) by the accumulation of changes over successive generations. [from 19th c.]

evolutionary /ˌiː.və.ˈl(j)uː.ʃən.ɹi/ /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ /ˌɛv.əˈl(j)uː.ʃən.ɹi/ /ˌɛv.əˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ adj
éabhlóideach
Of or relating to the biological theory of evolution.

evolutionist evolutionists n
éabhlóidí
A proponent or supporter of evolutionism.

ewe /joʊ̯/ /joː/ /juː/ /jʊ̯u/ ewes n
caora athchaora athfhóisc fóisc
A female sheep, as opposed to a ram.

ex /ˈɛks/ exes n
eacs
The name of the Latin-script letter X/x.
iarchéile iarleannán iarpháirtí
(colloquial) A former partner or spouse, usually short for ex-girlfriend, ex-boyfriend, ex-wife or ex-husband.

exacerbate /ɪkˈsæs-/ /ɪɡˈzæsəˌbeɪt/ /ɪɡˈzæsɚˌbeɪt/ v
géaraigh
(transitive) To make worse (a problem, bad situation, negative feeling, etc.); aggravate.

exact /ɪɡˈzækt/ exacter exactest more exact most exact adj
cruinn baileach beacht
Precisely agreeing with a standard, a fact, or the truth; perfectly conforming; neither exceeding nor falling short in any respect.

exactitude /ɪɡˈzæktɪt(j)uːd/ exactitudes n
beachtaíocht beaichte cruinneas
Attention to small details; accuracy.

exactly /ɪɡˈzæk(t)li/ more exactly most exactly adv
go díreach
(manner) Without approximation; precisely.

exactness exactnesses n
cruinneas
The state of being exact.

exaggerated /ɛɡ-/ /ɪɡˈzæ.d͡ʒəˌɹeɪ.tɪd/ more exaggerated most exaggerated adj
gáifeach áibhéalach áiféiseach
That has been described as greater than it actually is; abnormally increased or enlarged.

exaggeration /ɪɡˌzæd͡ʒəˈɹeɪʃən/ exaggerations n
áibhéil áiféis
The act of exaggerating; the act of doing or representing in an excessive manner; a going beyond the bounds of truth, reason, or justice; a hyperbolical representation; hyperbole; overstatement.

exaggerative more exaggerative most exaggerative adj
áibhéalach
Marked by exaggeration.

exaggerator exaggerators n
áibhéalaí
Someone who exaggerates.

exalt /ɪɡˈzɔːlt/ v
ardaigh
(transitive) To raise in rank, status etc., to elevate.

exam paper exam papers n
páipéar scrúdaithe scrúdpháipéar

examination /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃən/ examinations n
scrúdú
(education) A formal test involving answering written or oral questions under a time constraint and usually without access to textbooks; typically, a large, written test administered to high school and college students covering course material studied in a semester.

examination of conscience examinations of conscience n
scrúdú coinsiasa

examiner /əɡˈzæmɪnɚ/ examiners n
scrúdaitheoir
A person who marks an examination.

example /əɡˈzaːm.pəl/ /əɡˈzæm.pəl/ /ɪɡˈzam.pəl/ /ɪɡˈzæm.pəl/ /ɪɡˈzɑːm.pəl/ [ɘɡˈzɐːmpɯ] [ɪɡˈzɛəmpəɫ] examples n
sampla
Something that is representative of all such things in a group.
An instance (as a problem to be solved) serving to illustrate the rule or precept or to act as an exercise in the application of the rule.
sampla eiseamláir
Something that serves as a pattern of behaviour to be imitated (a good example) or not to be imitated (a bad example).

exasperate /ɪɡˈzæsp(ə)ɹeɪt/ /ɪɡˈzɑːspəɹeɪt/ v
cráigh
(transitive) To tax the patience of; irk, frustrate, vex, provoke, annoy; to make angry.

exasperating more exasperating most exasperating adj
aibéiseach
That exasperates, infuriates, annoys or irritates

excellence /ˈɛksələns/ excellences n
feabhas
The quality of being excellent; brilliance

excellent /ˈɛkslənt/ /ˈɛksələnt/ /ˈɛksɪlənt/ excellenter excellentest more excellent most excellent adj
ar fheabhas seoigh thar cionn
Of higher or the highest quality; splendid.

except /əkˈsɛpt/ /ɛkˈsɛpt/ /ɪkˈsɛpt/ conjunction
ach amháin go amháin go
Used to introduce a clause, phrase, verb infinitive, adverb or other non-noun complement forming an exception or qualification to something previously stated.

except /əkˈsɛpt/ /ɛkˈsɛpt/ /ɪkˈsɛpt/ preposition
ach amháin amháin diomaite de
Used to introduce a noun or noun phrase forming an exception or qualification to something previously stated.

exception /əkˈsɛpʃən/ /ɪkˈsɛpʃən/ exceptions n
eisceacht
The act of excepting or excluding; exclusion; restriction by taking out something which would otherwise be included, as in a class, statement, rule.
That which is excluded from others; a person, thing, or case, specified as distinct, or not included.
(usually, followed by to or against) An objection; cavil; dissent; disapprobation; offense; cause of offense.
(programming) An interruption in normal processing, typically caused by an error condition, that can be raised ("thrown") by one part of the program and handled ("caught") by another part.

exceptional /ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl/ more exceptional most exceptional adj
eisceachtúil
Forming an exception; not ordinary; uncommon; rare.
Better than the average; superior due to exception or rarity.

excess /əkˈsɛs/ /ɛkˈsɛs/ /ɪkˈsɛs/ /ˈɛksɛs/ excesses n
anbharr breis
The state of surpassing or going beyond a limit; the state of being beyond sufficiency, necessity, or duty; more than what is usual or proper.
ainmheasarthacht
(geometry) Spherical excess, the amount by which the sum of the three angles of a spherical triangle exceeds two right angles. The spherical excess is proportional to the area of the triangle.

excessive /ɪkˈsɛsɪv/ more excessive most excessive adj
iomarcach
Exceeding the usual bounds of something; extravagant; immoderate.

exchange /ɛksˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ /ɪksˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ [ɛkˈst͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ] exchanges n
malairt
An act of exchanging or trading.

exciseman excisemen n
málfheidhmeannach
An officer employed to collect excise duty (excise tax), and to enforce excise laws.

excitable more excitable most excitable adj
so-lasta sochorraithe soghríosaithe
Easily excited

excitant more excitant most excitant adj
spreagthach
exciting; stimulating

excitation /ˌɛksaɪˈteɪʃən/ excitations n
spreagadh
The act of producing excitement (stimulation); also, the excitement produced.

excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/ v
ardaigh
(transitive) To stir the emotions of.
(transitive, physics) To cause an electron to move to a higher than normal state; to promote an electron to an outer level.

excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ excitements n
ardú
(uncountable) The state of being excited (emotionally aroused).

exclamation mark /ˌɛks.kləˈmeɪ.ʃən ˌmɑɹk/ /ˌɛks.kləˈmeɪ.ʃən ˌmɑːk/ exclamation marks n
comhartha uaillbhreasa
The punctuation mark “!” (generally used to denote excitement, surprise or shock).

excommunication /ɛkskəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən/ excommunications n
coinnealbhá
The act of excommunicating, disfellowshipping or ejecting; especially an ecclesiastical censure whereby the person against whom it is pronounced is, for the time, cast out of the communication of the church; exclusion from fellowship in things spiritual.

excuse /ɛksˈkjus/ /ɛksˈkjuz/ /ɛksˈkjuːs/ /ɛksˈkjuːz/ /ɪksˈkjus/ /ɪksˈkjuz/ /ɪkˈskjuːs/ /ɪkˈskjuːz/ excuses n
leithscéal
(countable, uncountable) Explanation designed to avoid or alleviate guilt or negative judgment; a plea offered in extenuation of a fault.

excuse me /ɛksˈkjuːz mi/ /ɪksˈkjuːz mi/ phraseologicalUnit
gabh mo leithscéal gabhaigí mo leithscéal
(North America) Said, as though as a request to repeat information, in order to indicate disbelief or indignation.
Said as a request for an individual's attention.
Said as a request to pass somebody.
Sorry, as an apology.

execute /ˈɛksɪˌkjuːt/ v
básaigh
(transitive) To kill, especially as punishment for a capital crime.
cuir i bhfeidhm
(transitive, law) To carry out, to perform an act; to put into effect or cause to become legally binding or valid (as a contract) by so doing.

execution /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/ /ˌɛɡ.zɪˈkjuː.ʃən/ executions n
bású
The act of putting to death or being put to death as a penalty, or actions so associated.

executioner /ˌɛksəˈkjuʃənɚ/ /ˌɛksəˈkjuːʃənə/ executioners n
básadóir céastúnach
An official person who carries out the capital punishment of a criminal.

executive committee executive committees n
coiste feidhmiúcháin

executive officer executive officers n
oifigeach feidhmiúcháin
(military) second in command of a military unit or ship

executor /ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɚ/ /ˈɛɡzɪˌkjuːtɚ/ executors n
seiceadóir
A person who carries out some task.
(legal) Someone appointed by a testator to administer their estate in accordance with their will; an administrator.

executorship executorships n
seiceadóireacht
the office or position of an executor

executrix /ɪɡˈzɛkjətɹɪks/ executrices executrixes n
banseiceadóir
(chiefly, legal, dated) A female executor; a woman appointed to execute a will.

exemplar /ɛɡˈzɛm.plɑɹ/ /ɛɡˈzɛm.plə/ /ɪkˈzɛm.plə/ /ɪɡˈzɛm.plɚ/ exemplars n
eiseamláir
Something fit to be imitated; an ideal, a model.

exemption exemptions n
díolmhú díolúine
An act of exempting.
díolúine
A deduction from the normal amount of taxes.

exercise /ˈɛk.sə.saɪz/ /ˈɛk.sɚ.saɪz/ v
aclaigh
To exert for the sake of training or improvement; to practice in order to develop.
aclaigh déan aclaíocht
(intransitive) To perform physical activity for health or training.
cuir i bhfeidhm
(transitive) To use (a right, an option, etc.); to put into practice.

exertion /əɡˈzɝʃən/ exertions n
stró
An expenditure of physical or mental effort.

exhalation exhalations n
asanálú
The act or process of exhaling; breathing out

exhale /ɛksˈheɪl/ v
asanálaigh easanálaigh
(intransitive) To expel air from the lungs through the nose or mouth by action of the diaphragm, to breathe out.

exhaust /ɪɡˈzɑst/ /ɪɡˈzɔst/ /ɪɡˈzɔːst/ v
folmhaigh
(transitive) To empty by drawing or letting out the contents
traoch
(transitive) To tire out; to wear out; to cause to be without any energy.

exhausted /ɪɡˈzɑstɪd/ /ɪɡˈzɔstɪd/ /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/ more exhausted most exhausted adj
tuirseach traochta

exhibition /ɛksɪˈbɪʃən/ exhibitions n
taispeántas
An instance of exhibiting, or something exhibited.
A large-scale public showing of objects or products.

exhibition game exhibition games n
cluiche dúshláin
(sports) A practice game which does not count on a team's record.

exhumation /ˌɛks.hjuːˈmeɪ.ʃən/ exhumations n
dí-adhlacadh
The act of digging up that which has been buried.

exhume /ɛks.ˈ(h)juːm/ /ɛkˈ.s(j)um/ /ɪɡ.ˈzjuːm/ /ɪɡˈz(j)um/ v
dí-adhlaic
(transitive) To dig out of the ground; to take out of a place of burial; to disinter.

exile /ɪɡˈzaɪl/ /ˈɛkˌsaɪl/ /ˈɛɡˌzaɪl/ exiles n
deoraíocht
(uncountable) The state of being banished from one's home or country.
deoraí
(countable) Someone who is banished from his home or country.

exile /ɪɡˈzaɪl/ /ˈɛkˌsaɪl/ /ˈɛɡˌzaɪl/ v
díbir ionnarb
(transitive) To send (someone or something) into exile.

exine exines n
eisín
(botany, palynology) the outer layer of a pollen grain or spore; the exosporium.

exist /ɛɡˈzɪst/ /ɪɡˈzɪst/ v
bí ann
(intransitive, stative) to be; have existence; have being or reality

existentialism /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəlɪzəm/ existentialisms n
eiseachas
(philosophy, countable) The philosophical views of a particular thinker associated with the existentialist movement.

exit /ˈɛksət/ /ˈɛksɪt/ /ˈɛɡzət/ /ˈɛɡzɪt/ exits n
bealach amach
A way out.
slí amach
(road transport) A minor road (such as a ramp or slip road) which is used to leave a major road (such as an expressway, highway, or motorway).

exit /ˈɛksət/ /ˈɛksɪt/ /ˈɛɡzət/ /ˈɛɡzɪt/ v
fág imigh téigh amach
(intransitive) To go out or go away from a place or situation; to depart, to leave.

exobiology exobiologies n
eisibhitheolaíocht
(biology, science fiction) The branch of biology dealing with lifeforms originating a different planet.

exoplanet exoplanets n
eiseapláinéad pláinéad eachtarghréine
(astronomy, planetology) A planet which exists outside Earth's solar system.

exorbitant /ɛɡˈzoɹbətənt/ /ɛɡˈzɔːbɪtənt/ /ɪɡˈzoɹbətənt/ /ɪɡˈzɔːbɪtənt/ more exorbitant most exorbitant adj
as cuimse ard
Exceeding proper limits; excessive or unduly high; extravagant.

exosphere exospheres n
eisisféar
the uppermost layer of a planet's atmosphere

exostosis exostoses n
spor cnáimhe
A benign bony growth, often covered with cartilage, on the surface of a bone or tooth.

exotic /ɪɡˈzɑtɪk/ /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ more exotic most exotic adj
andúchasach
Non-native to the ecosystem.
andúchasach coimhthíoch
(gambling) Being or relating to various wagers, such as the trifecta, that involve betting on the finishing positions of multiple competitors across one or more races.

exotic dancer exotic dancers n
damhsóir earótach
A pole dancer.
A belly dancer.

expansion /ɪkˈspænʃən/ expansions n
borrúlacht leatacht
An act, process, or instance of expanding.

expect /ɛkˈspɛkt/ /ɪkˈspɛkt/ v
coinne a bheith agat ar dréim súil a bheith agat ar
(obsolete, transitive) To wait for; to await.

expectant /ɪkˈspɛktənt/ more expectant most expectant adj
tnúthánach
Marked by expectation.

expectation /ˌek.spekˈtæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/ expectations n
dúil oirchill
The act or state of expecting or looking forward to an event as about to happen.

expedient /ɪkˈspiːdi.ənt/ more expedient most expedient adj
oiriúnach
Suitable to effect some desired end or the purpose intended.

expedite /ˈɛk.spəˌdaɪt/ /ˈɛk.spɪˌdaɪt/ v
éascaigh
(transitive) To accelerate the progress of.
(transitive, by extension) To perform (a task) fast and efficiently.

expel /ɪkˈspɛl/ v
ruaig
(transitive) To eject.

expenditure /ɛkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃə/ /ɛkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃɚ/ /ɪkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃə/ /ɪkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃɚ/ expenditures n
costas
(uncountable, countable) The amount expended; expense; outlay.

expense /ɪkˈspɛns/ expenses n
costas
A spending or consuming, often a disbursement of funds.
The elimination or consumption of something, sometimes with the notion of loss or damage to the thing eliminated.

expensive /ɛkˈspɛnsɪv/ /ɪkˈspɛnsɪv/ more expensive most expensive adj
costasach costasúil daor mórluachach
Having a high price or cost.

experience /ɪkˈspɪə.ɹɪəns/ /ɪkˈspɪɹ.i.əns/ experiences n
taithí eispéireas
The effect upon the judgment or feelings produced by any event, whether witnessed or participated in; personal and direct impressions as contrasted with description or fancies; personal acquaintance; actual enjoyment or suffering.
(countable) An activity one has performed.
taithí
(countable) A collection of events and/or activities from which an individual or group may gather knowledge, opinions, and skills.
taithí seanchríonnacht
(uncountable) The knowledge thus gathered.

experiment /ɛkˈspɛɹ.ɪ.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ɪ.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɪɹ.ə.mənt/ experiments n
tástáil turgnamh
A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.

expert /ˈek.spɜːt/ /ˈɛk.spɜːt/ /ˈɛk.spɝt/ experts n
saineolaí
A person with extensive knowledge or ability in a given subject.

explain /ɛkˈspleɪn/ /ɪkˈspleɪn/ v
mínigh
(ambitransitive) To make plain, manifest, or intelligible; to clear of obscurity; to illustrate the meaning of.

explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ explanations n
mínithe míniú
The act or process of explaining.

exploitation /ˌɛksplɔɪˈteɪʃn̩/ exploitations n
dúshaothrú
The act of utilizing something; industry.
The act or result of forcibly depriving someone of something to which they have a natural right.

exploiter exploiters n
brabúsaí
One who exploits.

explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/ /ɪkˈsploʊ.ʒən/ /ɪkˈspləʊ.ʒən/ explosions n
pléasc
A violent release of energy (sometimes mechanical, nuclear, or chemical); an act or instance of exploding.
The sound of an explosion.

export /ɪksˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɪksˈpoət/ /ɪksˈpɔɹt/ /ɪksˈpɔːt/ /ˈɛks.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈɛks.poət/ /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/ /ˈɛks.pɔːt/ exports n
easpórtáil
(uncountable) The act of exporting.

exporter exporters n
easpórtálaí
One who, or that which, exports: especially a person who or organization that exports or sells goods made in one country for delivery in another country.

exposed adj
argail
(usually followed by to) Vulnerable, susceptible.

exposition /ɛkspəˈzɪʃən/ expositions n
ceartú
(authorship) The act or process of declaring or describing something through either speech or writing; the portions and aspects of a piece of writing that exist mainly to describe the setting, characters and other non-plot elements.

exposure /ɪkˈspoʊ.ʒɚ/ /ɪkˈspəʉ.ʒə(ɹ)/ /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ exposures n
nochtadh
(uncountable) The condition of being exposed, uncovered, or unprotected.
(photography) An instance of taking a photograph.

expound /ɛkˈspaʊnd/ /ɪkˈspaʊnd/ v
ceartaigh

expression /ɛkˈspɹɛʃ.ən/ /ɪkˈspɹɛʃ.ən/ expressions n
nath cainte
A colloquialism or idiom.
dreach
A facial appearance usually associated with an emotion.

expressway /eks.ˈpɹɛs.weɪ/ expressways n
luasbhealach

extend /ɛkˈstɛnd/ v
fadaigh sín
(transitive) To cause to increase in extent.

extended family extended families n
teaghlach sínte
A family consisting of parents and children, along with additional members such as grandparents, grandchildren, aunts or uncles, cousins, etc.

extension /ɛkˈstɛnʃən/ /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/ extensions n
folíne
(telecommunication) A numerical code used to indicate a specific telephone in a telecommunication network.

exterior /ɛkˈstɪəɹɪə/ /ɛkˈstɪɹiɚ/ /ɪkˈstɪəɹɪə/ /ɪkˈstɪɹiɚ/ adj
seachtrach
Relating to the outside parts or surface of something.

external /ɛksˈtɜː.nəl/ /ɛksˈtɝ.nəl/ /ɪksˈtɜː.nəl/ /ɪksˈtɝ.nəl/ more external most external adj
imeachtrach
Provided by something or someone outside of the entity (object, group, company etc.) considered.

extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ extinctions n
díothú
The action of making or becoming extinct; annihilation.

extinguish /ɪkˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ v
múch
To stop (fire, etc.) from burning; also, to stop (light, etc.) from shining; to put out, to quench.

extirpate /ˈɛkstəpeɪt/ /ˈɛkstɚpeɪt/ v
baint ó fhréamh stoith
(transitive) To pull up by the roots; uproot.
léirscrios
(transitive) To destroy completely; to annihilate,

extol /ɪkˈstoʊl/ /ɪkˈstɒl/ /ɪkˈstəʊl/ v
adhmhol ardaigh
To praise; to make high.

extra- prefix
eachtar-
Outside of, beyond.

extracellular adj
eachtarcheallach
Occurring or found outside of a cell.

extract /ɛksˈtɹækt/ /ɪksˈtɹækt/ /ˈɛkstɹækt/ v
bain
(transitive) To draw out; to pull out; to remove forcibly from a fixed position, as by traction or suction, etc.

extradite /ˈɛkstɹədaɪt/ v
eiseachaid
(transitive) To remove a person from one state to another by legal process.

extragalactic adj
eachtar-réaltrach
(astronomy) Originating outside of the Milky Way galaxy.
(astronomy) Originating outside of any galaxy.
(science fiction) Originating outside of the local galaxy.

extraneous /ekˈstɹæɪ.ni.əs/ /ɛkˈstɹeɪ.ni.əs/ /ɪkˈstɹeɪ.ni.əs/ adj
coimhthíoch
Not belonging to, or dependent upon, a thing; without or beyond a thing; foreign.

extraordinary /ɪks.tɹɑː.ˈɔː.dɪn.nə.ɹiː/ /ɪksˈtɹɔː(ɹ)dɪnəɹi/ /ɪksˈtɹɔː(ɹ)dɪnɹi/ /ˌɛkstɹəˈɔː(ɹ)dɪnəɹi/ /ˌɛkstɹəˈɔː(ɹ)dɪnɹi/ more extraordinary most extraordinary adj
urghnách
Not ordinary; exceptional; unusual.

extrapolate /ekˈstɹæp.əˌlæɪt/ /ɛkˈstɹæp.əˌleɪt/ /ɪk-/ v
eachtarshuigh
(transitive) To infer by extending known information.
(transitive, mathematics) To estimate the value of a variable outside a known range from values within that range by assuming that the estimated value follows logically from the known ones

extrapolation extrapolations n
eachtarshuíomh
(mathematics) A calculation of an estimate of the value of some function outside the range of known values.

extrasolar adj
eachtarghréine
(astronomy) of or originating outside the Solar System.
(astrophysics) of or originating in a solar system other than Earth's.

extraterrestrial /ˌɛk.stɹə.təˈɹɛs.tɹi.əl/ extraterrestrials n
eachtardhomhandach
A being originating from outside of the Earth's atmosphere, from space, or from another planet; an alien.

extravagance /ɪkˈstɹævəɡəns/ extravagances n
anchaitheamh
Excessive or superfluous expenditure of money.

extremely /ɪksˈtɹiːmli/ more extremely most extremely adv
cumasach
(degree) To an extreme degree.

extremist /ɛkˈstɹiːmɪst/ /ɪkˈstɹiːmɪst/ extremists n
antoisceach
(political) A person who holds extreme views, especially one who advocates such views; a radical or fanatic.

extricate /ˈɛks.tɹɪ.keɪt/ v
fuascail
(transitive) To free, disengage, loosen, or untangle.

extrorse more extrorse most extrorse adj
eachtarchas
(botany) Said of anthers dehiscing outwards from the center of the flower.

extroversion extroversions n
eisdíritheacht
(informal, _, psychology) A personality orientation towards others and things outside oneself; behavior expressing such orientation.
The state or quality of being extroverted or an extrovert, particularly:

extrovert /ɛkstɹoʊˈvəɹt/ /ɛkstɹəʊˈvəːt/ /ˈɛkstɹəvəːt/ /ˈɛkstɹəˌvəɹt/ extroverts n
eisdíritheach
(informal, _, psychology) An extroverted person: one who is outgoing, sociable, and concerned with outer affairs.

exuberance /ɛksˈjuː.bɜːɹ.əns/ /ˈɛɡ.ʒuː.bɜːɹ.əns/ exuberances n
anamúlacht teaspach
(uncountable) The quality of being exuberant; cheerful or vigorous enthusiasm; liveliness.

exultation /ˌɛɡzʌlˈteɪʃən/ exultations n
mórtas
The act of exulting; great joy at success or victory, or at any advantage gained; rapturous delight

eye /aɪ/ eyen eyes eyne n
súil
An organ through which animals see.
The ability to notice what others might miss.
A loop forming part of anything, or a hole through anything, to receive a hook, pin, rope, shaft, etc.; for example, at the end of a tie bar in a bridge truss, through a crank, at the end of a rope, or through a millstone.
cró snáthaide súil
A hole at the blunt end of a needle through which thread is passed.
One of the holes in certain kinds of cheese.

eye doctor eye doctors n
lia súl súil-lia

eye of the storm n
béal na stoirme
A region of calm weather right in the middle of a storm.

eye patch eye patches n
bileog shúile
An opaque patch worn so as to cover an injured or infected eye or an eye socket in order to protect or conceal it, or to treat amblyopia in children.

eye shadow eye shadows n
scáthú súl
Makeup that is applied to the eyelids and below the eyes to give a darker complexion there.

eye socket eye sockets n
log súile
(anatomy, ophthalmology) The bony cavity which contains the eyeball and its associated muscles, vessels, and nerves. In humans, seven bones make up each bony orbit.

eye test eye tests n
promhadh súl scrúdú súl
A series of examinations carried out by an optician to assess a patient's vision.

eyebath eyebaths n
cupa súl

eyebolt eyebolts n
bolta cró
A bolt with a looped head, or an opening in the head.

eyebright eyebrights n
glanrosc líon radhairc rinn roisc roisnín roisnín radhairc soilse na súl
Any of the flowering plants of the genus Euphrasia, originally as used to treat eye infections. [from 16th c.]

eyebrow /ˈaɪˌbɹaʊ/ eyebrows n
mala fabhra
The hair that grows over the bone ridge above the eye socket.

eyeglass /ˈaɪˌɡlæs/ eyeglasses n
spéacla
An artificial lens, especially one of a pair.
A monocle.

eyelash /ˈaɪlæʃ/ eyelashes n
fabhra ribe
(anatomy, dermatology) One of the hairs which grows along the edge of eyelids.

eyelet /ˈaɪ.lət/ eyelets n
súilín
An object that consists of a rim and small hole or perforation to receive a cord or fastener, as in garments, sails, etc. An eyelet may reinforce a hole.

eyelid /ˈaɪ.lɪd/ eyelids n
caipín súile duille mogall súile
A thin skin membrane that covers and moves over an eye.

eyesight /ˈaɪˌsaɪt/ eyesights n
amharc
Vision or the faculty of sight.

eyrie /ˈaɪ.ɹi/ /ˈɛ.ɹi/ /ˈɛə.ɹi/ /ˈɪ.ɹi/ /ˈɪə.ɹi/ eyries n
nead iolair soipín iolair
The nest of a bird of prey.
crannóg
Any high and remote but commanding place.

fable /ˈfeɪbəl/ fables n
fabhalscéalaíocht
finscéal
A fictitious narrative intended to enforce some useful truth or precept, usually with animals, etc. as characters; an apologue. Prototypically, Aesop's Fables.

fabric /ˈfæb.ɹɪk/ fabrics n
fabraic
A material made of fibers, a textile or cloth.

fabricate /ˈfæb.ɹɪ.keɪt/ v
cum
(transitive) To invent and form; to forge; to devise falsely.

fabulist /ˈfæbjəlɪst/ fabulists n
fabhalscéalaí
A person who writes or tells fables.

face /feɪs/ /feːs/ faces n
aghaidh éadan gnúis
(anatomy) The front part of the head of a human or other animal, featuring the eyes, nose, and mouth, and the surrounding area.
dreach gnúis
(in expressions such as 'make a face') A distorted facial expression; an expression of displeasure, insult, etc.

face powder face powders n
púdar snua snuaphúdar
A cosmetic made from coloured talc, applied to the face.

face to face adv
aghaidh ar aghaidh
In person; directly; in the physical presence of somebody.

face value face values n
luach ainmniúil
The amount or value listed on a bill, note, stamp, etc.; the stated value or amount.

facial hair n
gruaig aghaidhe
Hair on the face of a human, such as the eyebrows of a man or woman or the androgenic hair (beard or moustache) of a man.

facial nerve facial nerves n
néaróg éadain
(neuroanatomy) The seventh (VII) of twelve paired cranial nerves that supply motor fibers especially to the muscles of the face and jaw and sensory and parasympathetic fibers to the tongue, palate, and fauces.

facility /fəˈsɪlɪti/ facilities n
éascaíocht
Dexterity of speech or action; skill, talent. [from 16th c.]
deis
The physical means or contrivances to make something (especially a public service) possible; the required equipment, infrastructure, location etc. [from 19th c.]

fact /fækt/ facts n
fíric
Something actual as opposed to invented.
Something concrete used as a basis for further interpretation.
Information about a particular subject, especially actual conditions and/or circumstances.

fact sheet fact sheets n
bileog eolais
A document that shows the most important or relevant information about a particular topic in a simple, easy-to-read manner.

factor /ˈfæk.tə/ /ˈfæk.tɚ/ factors n
fachtóir toisc
(obsolete) A doer, maker; a person who does things for another person or organization.
(causal analysis) Influence; a phenomenon that affects the nature, the magnitude, and/or the timing of a consequence.
toisc
An agent or representative.
(legal)
A business organization that lends money on accounts receivable or buys and collects accounts receivable.
A commission agent.
A person or business organization that provides money for another's new business venture; one who finances another's business.
One of the elements, circumstances, or influences which contribute to produce a result.
(mathematics) Any of various objects multiplied together to form some whole.
(economics) A resource used in the production of goods or services, a factor of production.
(Scotland) A steward or bailiff of an estate.

factorial /fækˈtɔːɹi.əl/ factorials n
iolrán
(mathematics, combinatorics) The result of multiplying a given number of consecutive integers from 1 to the given number. In equations, it is symbolized by an exclamation mark (!). For example, 5! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 120.

factoring factorings n
fachtóireacht
A financial transaction whereby a business sells its accounts receivable to a third party (called a factor) at a discount.

factorization factorizations n
fachtóiriú
(mathematics) The process of creating a list of factors.

factorize v
fachtóirigh
(mathematics, transitive) To create a list of the factors of.
(mathematics, transitive) To divide an expression into a list of items that, when multiplied together, will produce the original quantity.

factory /ˈfæk.tə.ɹi/ /ˈfæk.tɚ.i/ /ˈfæk.tɹi/ factories n
gléasra monarcha
A building or other place where manufacturing takes place. [from 17th c.]

fade /feɪd/ /fæɪd/ v
tréig
(intransitive) To lose freshness, color, or brightness; to become faint in hue or tint; hence, to be wanting in color.

faded /ˈfeɪdɪd/ more faded most faded adj
tréigthe
That has lost some of its former vividness and colour.

faggot /ˈfæ.ɡət/ faggots n
brosna
A bundle of pieces of iron or steel cut off into suitable lengths for welding.
feoilfhagóid
(now, sometimes, offensive, chiefly, British, Ireland) A meatball made with offcuts and offal, especially pork. (See Wikipedia.)

fail /feɪl/ v
meath
(intransitive) To be unsuccessful.
tréig
(transitive) To be wanting to, to be insufficient for, to disappoint, to desert; to disappoint one's expectations.

failing /ˈfeɪ.lɪŋ/ failings n
laige
weakness; defect

failure /ˈfeɪ.ljə/ /ˈfeɪ.ljɚ/ failures n
meath
State or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective, opposite of success.
meath meathlú
Termination of the ability of an item to perform its required function; breakdown.

faint /feɪnt/ faints n
laige
The act of fainting, syncope.

faint /feɪnt/ v
tit i laige
(intransitive) To lose consciousness through a lack of oxygen or nutrients to the brain, usually as a result of suddenly reduced blood flow (may be caused by emotional trauma, loss of blood or various medical conditions).
(intransitive) To decay; to disappear; to vanish.

faintness faintnesses n
laige
The property of being or feeling faint.

fair /feː(ə)/ /fɛə/ /fɛɚ/ /fɛː/ /fɪə/ fairer fairest adj
álainn
Unblemished (figuratively or literally); clean and pure; innocent.
fionn
Light in color, pale, particularly with regard to skin tone but also referring to blond hair.
réasúnta
Just, equitable.

fair enough interjection
ceart go leor maith go leor
(idiomatic) An expression used to concede a point; denotes that, upon consideration, something is correct or reasonable; an expression of acknowledgment or understanding.
Used to stop somebody talking or an argument.

fair play n
cothrom na Féinne
Good behavior; conduct (in sports or another endeavor) that is respectful of the rules, the spirit of the activity, and the adversary.

fair sex n
cineál baineann cineál banda
(idiom, dated, now, sometimes, offensive) Women collectively.

fair-haired boy fair-haired boys n
buachaill bán
(idiomatic, US, Australia) Someone's favourite, especially a young one; a blue-eyed boy (British), (Australian)

fairly /ˈfɛə(ɹ).li/ /ˈfɛɹ.li/ more fairly most fairly adv
réasúnta
(degree) Partly, not fully; somewhat.

fairy /ˈfeːɹi/ /ˈfɛəɹi/ /ˈfɛə̯ɹi/ /ˈfɛɹi/ fairies n
sióg bean sí na daoine maithe síogaí
A mythical being of human form with magical powers, known in many sizes and descriptions, although often depicted in modern illustrations only as a small sprite with gauze-like wings, especially one that is female. Fairies are revered in some modern forms of paganism.

fairy tale fairy tales n
síscéal finscéal amaidí bréag scéal sí seafóid
A folktale or literary story featuring fairies or similar fantasy characters.

falcon /ˈfoːlkən/ /ˈfælkən/ /ˈfɑːlkən/ /ˈfɒlkən/ /ˈfɔː(l)kən/ /ˈfɛlkən/ falcons n
fabhcún
Any bird of the genus Falco, all of which are birds of prey.

fall /fo(ː)l/ /foːl/ /fuːl/ /fɑl/ /fɔl/ /fɔːl/ v
tit
To move to a lower position under the effect of gravity.
To come down, to drop or descend.

fall ill v
galraigh meathlaigh
To become ill, to get sick, to sicken.

fallacious /fə.ˈleɪ.ʃəs/ more fallacious most fallacious adj
fallásach
Characterized by fallacy; false or mistaken.

fallacy /ˈfæl.ə.si/ fallacies n
lúb ar lár
(logic) An argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not; a specious argument.

fallen angel fallen angels n
aingeal uabhair
(Christianity, Islam) An angel who rebelled against God and was exiled from heaven.

fallow /ˈfæloʊ/ /ˈfæləʊ/ more fallow most fallow adj
donnbhuí
Of a pale red or yellow, light brown; dun.
fódbhán
(of agricultural land) Left unworked and uncropped for some amount of time.
díomhaoin
(figurative) Inactive; undeveloped.

fallow /ˈfæloʊ/ /ˈfæləʊ/ fallows n
branar
(agriculture, uncountable) Ground ploughed and harrowed but left unseeded for one year.

fallow deer /ˈfæl.əʊˌdɪə/ fallow deer n
fia buí poc fionn
A ruminant mammal (Dama dama) belonging to the family Cervidae.

false /fɑls/ /fɒls/ /fɔls/ /fɔːls/ [fɒʊs] [fɔɫs] falser falsest adj
bréagach bréige
Untrue, not factual, factually incorrect.
bréagach bréag- bréige falsa
Spurious, artificial.
bréagach
(logic) Of a state in Boolean logic that indicates a negative result.

false friend /ˌfɑls ˈfɹɛnd/ /ˌfɒls ˈfɹɛnd/ /ˌfɔls ˈfɹɛnd/ /ˌfɔːls ˈfɹɛnd/ false friends n
cara bréige
(linguistics, translation studies, lexicography) A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning.

false negative /-ɾɪv/ /ˈfɑls ˈnɛɡətɪv/ /ˈfɒls ˈnɛɡətɪv/ /ˈfɔls ˈnɛɡətɪv/ /ˈfɔːls ˈnɛɡətɪv/ false negatives n
bréagdhiúltach
A result of a test that shows as absent something that is present.

false positive false positives n
bréagdheimhneacht
A result of a test that shows as present something that is absent.

false teeth n
fiacla bréige

false witness false witnesses n
ainteastach
(countable) A perjurer; a deceptive or misleading witness.

falsehood /ˈfɒlsˌhʊd/ falsehoods n
bréag
(countable) A false statement, especially an intentional one; a lie.

falsetto /fɒlˈsɛt.əʊ/ /fɔlˈsɛt.oʊ/ /fɔɫˈsɛɾ.oʊ/ /fɔːlˈsɛt.əʊ/ falsettos n
cuach
(singing, uncountable) The "false" (singing) voice in any human, usually airy and lacking a purity of vowels; created by using the next highest vocal folds above those used for speech and normal range singing. It is commonly confused with the head voice register.

fame /feɪm/ fames n
clú alladh
The state of being famous or well-known and spoken of.

familial /fəˈmɪljəl/ adj
teaghlaigh
Of or pertaining to any grouping of things referred to as a family.

familiar /fəˈmɪl.i.ə/ /fəˈmɪl.i.ɚ/ /fəˈmɪl.jɚ/ /fɚˈmɪl.jɚ/ more familiar most familiar adj
aithnidiúil
Known to one, or generally known; commonplace.
aithnidiúil eolas a bheith agat ar
Acquainted.

familiarity breeds contempt proverb
méadaíonn an taithí an tarcaisne
The more acquainted one becomes with a person, the more one knows about his or her shortcomings and, hence, the easier it becomes to dislike that person.

family /ˈfæm(ə)li/ /ˈfæm(ɪ)li/ /ˈfæmɪli/ /ˈfɛm(ɘ)li/ families n
teaghlach muirear muirín
(countable) A nuclear family: a mother and father who are married and cohabiting and their child or children.
dream muintir teaghlach
(countable) A (close-knit) group of people related by blood, friendship, marriage, law, or custom, especially if they live or work together.
fine teaghlach
(countable, biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below order and above genus; a taxon at that rank.
(countable, linguistics) A group of languages believed to have descended from the same ancestral language.

family man family men n
fear clainne
An adult male with a spouse and children to whose well-being he is dedicated.

family tree family trees n
craobh ghinealaigh
A diagrammatic representation of a pedigree, illustrating the connections between a person's ancestors, offspring and other relatives

famine /ˈfæmɪn/ famines n
gorta
(countable) A period of extreme shortage of food in a region.

famous /ˈfeɪməs/ more famous most famous adj
cáiliúil
Well known.

fanciful /ˈfænsɪfəl/ more fanciful most fanciful adj
guanach meonúil
Unreal or imagined.

fancy /ˈfæn.si/ fancies n
nóisean
Love or amorous attachment.

fanlight fanlights n
fuinneog fhardorais
a semicircular or semioval window over a door or other window, normally having a fan-like structure of ribs; sometimes hinged to the transom

far /fɑɹ/ /fɑː/ farther farthermost farthest further furthermost furthest adj
fada
Distant; remote in space.

far /fɑɹ/ /fɑː/ farther farthest further furthest adv
i bhfad

far-fetched farther-fetched farthest-fetched further-fetched furthest-fetched more far-fetched most far-fetched adj
áibhéalach
Implausible; not likely; difficult to believe.

farinaceous /ˌfæɹəˈneɪʃəs/ more farinaceous most farinaceous adj
plúrach plúrmhar
Made from, or rich in, starch or flour.
Having a floury texture; grainy.

farm /fɑːm/ /fɑːɹm/ farms n
feirm
A place where agricultural and similar activities take place, especially the growing of crops or the raising of livestock.

farm worker farm workers n
buailtíneach
A person who works on, but does not own, a farm; an agricultural labourer / agricultural laborer.

farmer /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/ /ˈfɑː.mə(ɹ)/ farmers n
feirmeoir
A person who works the land and/or who keeps livestock; anyone engaged in agriculture on a farm#Noun.

farmhand farmhands n
buachaill feirme
Synonym of farmworker

farmland /ˈfɑːmlænd/ /ˈfɑːɹmlænd/ farmlands n
talamh feirme
Land that is suitable for farming and agricultural production.

farrier /ˈfæɹi.ə/ /ˈfæɹi.ɚ/ /ˈfɛɹi.ɚ/ farriers n
crúdóir fairéir
A person who maintains the health and balance of horses' feet through the trimming of the hoofs and fitting of horseshoes.

farsightedness n
hipearóipe
(pathology) The condition of being unable to focus on near objects; presbyopia.
fadbhreathnaitheacht
The quality of being considerate about what might happen in the future.

fart /fɑɹt/ /fɑːt/ farts n
broim broimneach ruagán tuthóg
(informal, impolite) An emission of digestive gases from the anus; a flatus. [from 15th c.]

fart /fɑɹt/ /fɑːt/ v
broim
(informal, impolite, intransitive) To emit digestive gases from the anus; to flatulate.

farter farters n
bromaire
(dialectal) One who ambles along slowly.

fascism /faˈsis(ə)m/ /faˈsiz(ə)m/ /ˈfæʃɪz(ə)m/ fascisms n
faisisteachas
Any right-wing, authoritarian, nationalist ideology characterized by centralized, totalitarian governance, strong regimentation of the economy and society, and repression of criticism or opposition. [1922]

fascist /ˈfa.sɪst/ /ˈfæʃɪst/ more fascist most fascist adj
faisisteach
Of or relating to fascism.

fascist /ˈfa.sɪst/ /ˈfæʃɪst/ fascists n
faisistí
A proponent of fascism.

fashion /ˈfæʃən/ fashions n
faisean
(countable) A current (constantly changing) trend, favored for frivolous rather than practical, logical, or intellectual reasons.

fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/ more fashionable most fashionable adj
galánta
Characteristic of or influenced by a current popular trend or style.

fast /fæst/ /fɑːst/ faster fastest adj
ceangailte suite
(dated) Firmly or securely fixed in place; stable. [from 9th c.]
luath mear
Moving with great speed, or capable of doing so; swift, rapid. [from 14th c.]

fast /fæst/ /fɑːst/ v
bí ag troscadh déan troscadh
(transitive) (academic) To cause a person or animal to abstain, especially from eating.

fast food /ˈfæst ˈfuːd/ /ˈfɑːst ˈfuːd/ fast foods n
bia áise
Food that is served quickly, often standardized and pre-prepared.

fast-moving more fast-moving most fast-moving adj
luaineach
Moving rapidly.

fasten /ˈfæsn̩/ /ˈfæsən/ /ˈfɑːsn̩/ /ˈfɑːsən/ v
ceangail greamaigh
(ambitransitive) To attach or connect in a secure manner.

fastener /ˈfæsnɚ/ /ˈfæsənɚ/ /ˈfɐːsnɘ/ /ˈfɐːsɘnɘ/ /ˈfɑːsnə/ /ˈfɑːsənə/ fasteners n
ceangal ceanglóir dúntóir fáiscín
Mechanically, any device that fastens; especially, a collective term for items such as screws, nuts, washers, clasps, bolts and the like.

fastidious /fæˈstɪdi.əs/ /fəˈstɪdi.əs/ more fastidious most fastidious adj
meonúil
Excessively particular, demanding, or fussy about details, especially about tidiness and cleanliness.

fastidiousness n
beadaíocht beaichte consaeit nósúlacht
The quality of being fastidious.

fasting /ˈfæstɪŋ/ /ˈfɑːstɪŋ/ fastings n
céalacan troscadh
Abstinence or mortification for religious reasons, especially abstinence from food.
Abstinence from food, limiting caloric intake, for medical or health reasons, dieting.

fat /fæt/ fatter fattest adj
ramhar feolmhar
Carrying more fat than usual on one's body; plump; not lean or thin.
ramhar
Thick; large.

fat /fæt/ fats n
saill
(uncountable) A specialized animal tissue with high lipid content, used for long-term storage of energy: fat tissue.

fat lip fat lips n
breall liobar líota meill

fatality /feɪ-/ /feɪˈtælɪti/ /fə-/ /fəˈtælətɪ/ /fəˈtælɪtɪ/ [feɪ̯ˈtʰælɪɾi] fatalities n
cinniúint
That which is decreed by fate or which is fatal; a fatal event. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

fate /feɪt/ fates n
cinniúint
The presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events.
Destiny; often with a connotation of death, ruin, misfortune, etc.
(mythology) (one of the goddesses said to control the destiny of human beings).

father /ˈfeɪðəɹ/ /ˈfæðə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɐːðə/ /ˈfɑðɚ/ /ˈfɑːd̪ə(r)/ /ˈfɑːðə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɒːðɚ/ fathers n
athair
A male ancestor more remote than a parent; a progenitor; especially, a first ancestor.
A term of respectful address for a priest.

father-in-law /ˈfɑːðəɹɪnˌlɔː/ father-in-laws fathers-in-law n
athair céile
One's spouse's father.

fatherland fatherlands n
athairtír athartha tír dhúchais
The country of one's ancestors.

fathom /ˈfað(ə)m/ /ˈfædəm/ /ˈfæðəm/ fathoms n
feá
(chiefly, nautical, historical, US) A man's armspan, generally reckoned to be six feet (about 1.8 metres). Later used to measure the depth of water, but now generally replaced by the metre outside American usage.

fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/ fatigues n
tuirse
A weariness caused by exertion; exhaustion.
gíotáil
(often, in plural) A menial task or tasks, especially in the military.

fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/ v
tuirsigh
(transitive) To tire or make weary by physical or mental exertion.

fatigued more fatigued most fatigued adj
scítheach
Tired; weary.

fatness /ˈfætnəs/ fatnesses n
beathaitheacht raimhre
The state, quality, or condition of being fat.

fatso /ˈfæ.t͡soʊ/ /ˈfæt.soʊ/ fatsoes fatsos n
feolamán
(colloquial, pejorative) Someone who is overweight.

fatten /ˈfætən/ [ˈfæʔn̩] v
beathaigh ramhraigh tit chun feola tit chun meáchain
(transitive) To cause (a person or animal) to be fat or fatter.
ramhraigh tit chun feola tit chun meáchain
(intransitive, of a person or animal) To become fat or fatter.

fatty /ˈfæt.i/ /ˈfæɾ.i/ fattier fattiest adj
sailleach
Containing, composed of, or consisting of fat.

fatty acid fatty acids n
aigéad sailleach
(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of a class of aliphatic carboxylic acids, of general formula CnH2n+1COOH, that occur combined with glycerol as animal or vegetable oils and fats. Only those with an even number of carbon atoms are normally found in natural fats.

fatuity /fəˈtjuːəti/ /fəˈtuːɪti/ [fəˈtuː.ɨ.ɾi] fatuities n
amadántacht baothántacht
Weakness or imbecility of mind; stupidity.

fatuous /ˈfæt.ju.əs/ /ˈfæt͡ʃ.u.əs/ more fatuous most fatuous adj
amadánta baoth baothánta díchéillí
Obnoxiously stupid; vacantly silly; content in one's foolishness.

fatuousness fatuousnesses n
amadántacht
The characteristic of being fatuous.

fault /fɑlt/ /fɒlt/ /fɔlt/ /fɔːlt/ [fɒːlt] faults n
éasc
(seismology) A fracture in a rock formation causing a discontinuity.

fault line fault lines n
éasclíne
(geology) The line formed by the intersection of the plane of a fault with the surface of the Earth

faultfinder faultfinders n
brabúsaí clamhsánaí cáinseach cáinseoir cáinteoir lochtóir
A person who finds fault

faultfinding faultfindings n
aorachas
Excessive or petty criticism

faultless more faultless most faultless adj
gan on
Without fault; free from defect or error.

faulty /ˈfɑlti/ /ˈfɒlti/ /ˈfɔlti/ /ˈfɔːlti/ [ˈfɒːlti] faultier faultiest adj
fabhtach
Having or displaying faults; not perfect; not adequate or acceptable.

faun /fɑn/ /fɔn/ /fɔːn/ fauns n
fánas
(Roman mythology) A woodland creature with pointed ears, legs, and short horns of a goat and a fondness for unrestrained revelry.

faunistic adj
ainmhíoch

faux /foʊ/ /fəʊ/ adj
bréag-
Fake or artificial.

favor /ˈfeɪvə/ /ˈfeɪvɚ/ favors n
gar
A kind or helpful deed; an instance of voluntarily assisting (someone).
fabhar
Goodwill; benevolent regard.

favor /ˈfeɪvə/ /ˈfeɪvɚ/ v
fabhraigh
To look upon fondly; to prefer.

favouritism favouritisms n
fabhar fabhraíocht
(British spelling) The unfair favouring of one person or group at the expense of another.

fawn /fɑn/ /fɔn/ /fɔːn/ adj
buídhonn osbhuí
Of the fawn colour.

fawn /fɑn/ /fɔn/ /fɔːn/ fawns n
lao eilite oisín
A young deer.
osbhuí
A pale brown colour tinted with yellow, like that of a fawn.

fear /fɪə/ /fɪɚ/ /fɪɹ/ fears n
eagla scéin
(uncountable) A strong, unpleasant emotion or feeling caused by actual or perceived danger or threat.
eagla
(countable) A phobia, a sense of fear induced by something or someone.

fear /fɪə/ /fɪɚ/ /fɪɹ/ v
eagla a bheith ort roimh
(transitive) To be afraid of (something or someone); to consider or expect (something or someone) with alarm.

fearful /ˈfɜː(ɹ)fəl/ /ˈfɜː(ɹ)fʊl/ /ˈfɪə(ɹ)fəl/ /ˈfɪə(ɹ)fʊl/ /ˈfɪɚfəl/ /ˈfɪɚfʊl/ /ˈfɪɹfəl/ /ˈfɪɹfʊl/ fearfuler fearfulest fearfuller fearfullest more fearful most fearful adj
scanrúil
Frightening; causing fear.
faiteach scanrúil
Tending to fear; timid.
anbhách
(now, _, rare) Frightened; filled with terror.

fearlessness /ˈfɪəlɪsnɪs/ fearlessnesses n
crógacht neamheagla
The quality of being fearless.

fearsome more fearsome most fearsome adj
scanrúil
frightening, especially in appearance.

feasible /ˈfi.zə.bəl/ /ˈfiː.zə.bəl/ [ˈfi.zə.bɫ̩] [ˈfiː.zə.bɫ̩] [ˈfɪi.zə.bɫ̩] more feasible most feasible adj
féideartha indéanta sodhéanta
Able to be done in practice.

feast /fiːst/ feasts n
fleá cóisir
A very large meal, often of a ceremonial nature.

feast day feast days n
féile lá féile
(religion) A religious festival for a particular saint or religious event.

feat /fiːt/ feats n
aicsean cleas reabh spleadh éacht
A relatively rare or difficult accomplishment.

feat of strength feats of strength n
gníomh nirt
An act needing great strength to complete

feather /ˈfɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɛð.ɚ/ feathers n
cleite
A branching, hair-like structure that grows on the bodies of birds, used for flight, swimming, protection and display.

featherbed featherbeds n
leaba chluimhrí leaba chlúimh
A mattress stuffed with feathers.

feathered adj
eiteach
(poetic) Covered or adorned with something, as if with feathers.

feathery /ˈfɛ.ðəɹ.i/ featherier featheriest more feathery most feathery adj
clúmhach
Resembling feathers.
Covered with feathers.

feature /ˈfi.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈfiː.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ features n
gnéchlár
(media) A long, prominent article or item in the media, or the department that creates them; frequently used technically to distinguish content from news.

feature film feature films n
príomhscannán scannán lánfhada
The main, full-length film in a cinema program that also included a short film and often a newsreel. As of now, it plays after the trailers.
(by extension) Any film produced to be shown in cinemas before being released for home viewing.

featurette featurettes n
mion-ghnéchlár
(film) A relatively short feature film.

fecund /ˈfi.kənd/ /ˈfɛk.ənd/ more fecund most fecund adj
bisiúil
(formal) Highly fertile; able to produce offspring.

fecundate v
toirchigh
To inseminate.

fecundity /fɪˈkʌndɪtɪ/ fecundities n
bisiúlacht
Ability to produce offspring.
Ability to cause growth or increase.

fed up more fed up most fed up adj
bréan múisiamach
(idiomatic) Frustrated, annoyed, tired, to the limit of one's endurance.

federal /ˈfɛdəɹəl/ /ˈfɛdɹəl/ adj
cónaidhme cónaidhmeach
Pertaining to a league or treaty; derived from an agreement or covenant between parties, especially between nations.
feidearálach
Pertaining to the national government level in a federal nation, as opposed to state, provincial, county, city, or town.

federal government federal governments n
rialtas feidearálach
Any of several forms of government of federations.

federalism federalisms n
feidearálachas
cónaidhmeacht
A system of national government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of regions with delimited self-governing authority.

federalist /ˈfɛdəɹəlˌɪst/ /ˈfɛdɹəlˌɪst/ federalists n
feidearálach
(politics) Advocate of federalism.

federate /ˈfɛdəɹeɪt/ /ˈfɛdəɹət/ v
cónaidhmigh cónasc

federation /ˌfɛdəˈɹeɪʃn̩/ federations n
cónaidhm feidearálacht
Array of nations or states that are unified under one central authority which is elected by its members.

fee /fiː/ fees n
táille
An additional monetary payment charged for a service or good, especially one that is minor compared to the underlying cost.

feebleness feeblenesses n
laige
The quality or state of being feeble; debility; infirmity.

feed /ˈfiːd/ v
beathaigh biathaigh
(transitive) To give (someone or something) food to eat.
(transitive) To give to a machine to be processed.

feedback /ˈfiːdˌbæk/ feedbacks n
aiseolas
Critical assessment of a process or activity or of their results.

feedstock feedstocks n
bunábhar
Any bulk raw material constituting the principal input for an industrial process.

feel /fiːl/ [fiːɫ] v
airigh mothaigh
(intransitive) To search by sense of touch.
(transitive, copulative) To become aware of through the skin; to use the sense of touch on.
airigh
(intransitive, copulative) To experience an emotion or other mental state.
(copulative) To seem (through touch or otherwise).
airigh braith mothaigh
(transitive) To experience an emotion or other mental state about.

feel like v
fonn a bheith ort chun
To have a desire for something, or to do something.

feeler /ˈfiːlə/ /ˈfiːləɹ/ feelers n
adharcán
(anatomy) An antenna or appendage used for feeling, especially on an insect.

feint /feɪnt/ feints n
céim bhréige
(often, military) A movement made to confuse an opponent; a dummy.

feldspar feldspars n
iathchloch
(mineral) Any of a large group of rock-forming minerals that, together, make up about 60% of the earth's outer crust. The feldspars are all aluminum silicates of the alkali metals sodium, potassium, calcium and barium. Feldspars are the principal constituents of igneous and plutonic rocks.

felicitous /fəˈlɪsɪtəs/ more felicitous most felicitous adj
tráthúil
Appropriate, apt, fitting.

feline /ˈfiːlaɪn/ more feline most feline adj
catúil
Of or pertaining to cats.
catlike (resembling a cat); sleek, graceful, inscrutable, sensual, and/or cunning.

felloe /ˈfɛloʊ/ /ˈfɛləʊ/ felloes n
feadhán
The rim#Noun of a wooden wheel#Noun, supported by the spokes.

fellow traveller fellow travellers n
comhthaistealaí
One who travels together with another.
comhghleacaí
(US) One who sympathizes with the aims or beliefs of an organization without belonging to it; especially a Communist sympathizer. [mid-20th c.]

female /ˈfiː.meɪl/ femaler femalest more female most female adj
baineannach baineann
Belonging to the sex which typically produces eggs (ova), or to the gender which is typically associated with it. [from 14th c.]

female /ˈfiː.meɪl/ females n
baineannach
One of the female (feminine) sex or gender.

feminine /ˈfɛmənɪn/ /ˈfɛmɪnɪn/ more feminine most feminine adj
baineann
Of or pertaining to the female sex; biologically female, not male.
Having the qualities stereotypically associated with women: nurturing, not aggressive.
baininscneach
(grammar) Of, pertaining or belonging to the female grammatical gender, in languages that have gender distinctions.

feminine /ˈfɛmənɪn/ /ˈfɛmɪnɪn/ feminines n
baininscne
(grammar) The feminine gender.

femininity /fɛmɪˈnɪnɪti/ femininities n
bandacht banúlacht
The sum of all attributes that are feminine or convey womanhood.

feminism /ˈfɛmɪnɪz(ə)m/ feminisms n
feimineachas
A social theory or political movement which argues that legal and social restrictions on women must be removed in order to bring about equality of the sexes in all aspects of public and private life.

feminist /ˈfɛmənɪst/ more feminist most feminist adj
feimineach
relating to or in accordance with feminism.

feminist /ˈfɛmənɪst/ feminists n
feimineach feiminí
an advocate of feminism; a person who believes in bringing about the equality of the sexes (of women and men) in all aspects of public and private life
a member of a feminist political movement

fen /fɛn/ fens n
eanach moing seascann
A type of wetland fed by ground water and runoff, containing peat below the waterline, characteristically alkaline.

fence /fɛns/ [fɛns] [fɛnts] fences n
airbhe claí fál sconsa
(figuratively) A barrier, for example an emotional barrier.

fence /fɛns/ [fɛns] [fɛnts] v
fálaigh
(transitive) To enclose, contain or separate by building fence.
déan pionsóireacht
(intransitive, sports) To engage in the sport of fencing.

fender /ˈfɛnd.ə(ɹ)/ fenders n
cliathán
(US) panel of a car which encloses the wheel area, especially the front wheels.

fennel /ˈfɛnəl/ fennels n
finéal
A plant, Foeniculum vulgare, of the parsley family, which has a sweet, anise-like flavor.

fenny /ˈfɛni/ more fenny most fenny adj
riascánta
Characteristic of or resembling a fen; marshy, swampy; also, of land: containing a fen or fens.

fenugreek /ˈfɛnjəˌɡɹiːk/ /ˈfɛnjʊˌɡɹiːk/ fenugreeks n
seamair Ghréagach
Any of the species leguminous plant, Trigonella foenum-graecum, eaten as a vegetable and with seeds used as a spice.
feinigréag
The seeds of this plant, used as a spice (especially in Indian and Thai cooking).

ferment /fəˈmɛnt/ /fɚˈmɛnt/ /ˈfɚ.mɛnt/ /ˈfɜː.mɛnt/ ferments n
gabháil
Something, such as a yeast or barm, that causes fermentation.
corraíl rírá suaitheadh
A state of agitation or of turbulent change.

ferment /fəˈmɛnt/ /fɚˈmɛnt/ /ˈfɚ.mɛnt/ /ˈfɜː.mɛnt/ v
coip
To react, using fermentation; especially to produce alcohol by aging or by allowing yeast to act on sugars; to brew.

fermentation /ˌfɜː(ɹ)mənˈteɪʃən/ /ˌfɜː(ɹ)mɛnˈteɪʃən/ fermentations n
coipeadh
(biochemistry) Any of many anaerobic biochemical reactions in which an enzyme (or several enzymes produced by a microorganism) catalyses the conversion of one substance into another; especially the conversion (using yeast) of sugars to alcohol or acetic acid with the evolution of carbon dioxide

fermium /ˈfɜːɹmiəm/ n
fearmiam feirmiam
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Fm) with an atomic number of 100.

fern /fɜːn/ /fɝn/ [fɘːn] ferns n
raithneach
Any of a group of some twenty thousand species of vascular plants classified in the division Pteridophyta that lack seeds and reproduce by shedding spores to initiate an alternation of generations.

fernery ferneries n
ceapach raithní
A specialized garden for the cultivation and display of ferns.

ferret /ˈfɛɹɪt/ ferrets n
firéad
An often domesticated mammal (Mustela putorius furo) rather like a weasel, descended from the polecat and often trained to hunt burrowing animals.

ferric /ˈfɛɹɪk/ more ferric most ferric adj
iarainn iarnda
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing iron.
feireach iarnach
(chemistry) Of compounds of iron in which it has a valence or oxidation number of 3

ferroconcrete /ˌfɛɹoʊˈkɑnkɹit/ ferroconcretes n
iarnchoincréit
A building material made from Portland cement concrete with a matrix of steel bars or wires (rebars) to increase its tensile strength.

ferrotype ferrotypes n
iarnchló
(uncountable) An early photographic process in which the image was made on an iron plate having a sensitized surface film.
(countable) A photograph produced by this means.

ferrous /ˈfɛɹəs/ more ferrous most ferrous adj
iarnaí iarnda iarnúil
Of or containing iron.
(chemistry) Of compounds of iron in which it has a valence or oxidation number of 2.
Of an element: iron, or in certain ways similar to iron: ferrous metals.

ferruginous duck ferruginous ducks n
lacha mheirgeach
Aythya nyroca, a medium-sized diving duck from Eurasia

ferrule /-ɹuːl/ /ˈfɛɹ(ə)l/ /ˈfɛɹəl/ ferrules n
bianna fiú snong
A band or cap (usually metal) placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting. [from early 17th c.]

ferry /ˈfeɹi/ /ˈfɛɹi/ /ˈfɛɹɪ/ ferries n
bád calaidh carrchaladh
A ship used to transport people, smaller vehicles and goods from one port to another, usually on a regular schedule.
A place where passengers are transported across water in such a ship.
The legal right or franchise that entitles a corporate body or an individual to operate such a service.

ferryboat /ˈfɛɹiˌboʊt/ /ˈfɛɹiˌbəʊt/ ferryboats n
bád calaidh bád farantóireachta bád fartha.
(nautical) A boat used to ferry passengers, vehicles, or goods across open water, especially one that runs to a regular schedule

fertile /ˈfɜːtaɪl/ /ˈfɜːtəl/ /ˈfɝːtaɪl/ /ˈfɝːtəl/ more fertile most fertile adj
arúil méiniúil méith torthúil
Of land, etc.: capable of growing abundant crops; productive.

fertilization fertilizations n
toirchiú
The act of fecundating or impregnating the gametes of animals, plants, etc.; including the process by which in flowers the pollen renders the ovule fertile, an analogous process in flowerless plants, or the joining of sperm and egg in animals.

fertilize /ˈfɜː(ɹ)tɪlaɪz/ v
leasaigh
To make (the soil) more fertile by adding nutrients to it.

fervor /ˈfɝvɚ/ fervors n
díograis
(American spelling) A passionate enthusiasm for some cause.

fescue /ˈfɛskjuː/ fescues n
feisciú
A hardy grass commonly used to border golf fairways in temperate climates. Any member of the genus Festuca.

festival /ˈfɛstəv(ə)l/ /ˈfɛstɪvl̩/ festivals n
fleá
An event or series of special events centred on the celebration or promotion of some theme or aspect of the community, often held at regular intervals.

fetch /fɑt͡ʃ/ /fɛt͡ʃ/ fetches n
taise
(originally, Ireland, dialectal) The apparition of a living person; a person's double, the sight of which is supposedly a sign that they are fated to die soon, a doppelganger; a wraith. [from 18th c.]

fetch /fɑt͡ʃ/ /fɛt͡ʃ/ v
sroich
(nautical) To bring or get within reach by going; to reach; to arrive at; to attain; to reach by sailing.

fetlock fetlocks n
rúitín
A joint of the horse's leg below the knee or hock and above the hoof.

fetter /ˈfet.ə/ /ˈfɛt.ə/ /ˈfɛt.ɚ/ fetters n
laincis
A chain or similar object used to bind a person or animal – often by its legs (usually in plural).

fetter /ˈfet.ə/ /ˈfɛt.ə/ /ˈfɛt.ɚ/ v
cuibhrigh
(transitive) To shackle or bind up with fetters.

fetus /ˈfiːtəs/ feti fetii fetus fetuses n
féatas
An unborn or unhatched vertebrate showing signs of the mature animal.

fever /ˈfivɚ/ /ˈfiːvə/ fevers n
fiabhras
A higher than normal body temperature of a person (or, generally, a mammal), usually caused by disease.

feverish /ˈfi.vɚ.ɪʃ/ /ˈfiː.və.ɹɪʃ/ more feverish most feverish adj
fiabhrasach
Having a fever, an elevated body temperature.

feverishness n
ainteas fiabhrasacht teas teasaíocht
The quality of being feverish.

few /fjuː/ /fɪu̯/ [fjʉː] [fjʉ͡u] fewer fewest least less determiner
beag beagán
(preceded by another determiner) An indefinite, but usually small, number of.

fewer /ˈfjuː.ɚ/ determiner
lú
a smaller number.

fewness fewnesses n
laghad
The state, quality, or condition of being few.

fibrinogen fibrinogens n
fibrinigin
A protein that in humans plays a role in the formation of clots.

fibromyalgia /ˌfaɪbroʊmaɪˈældʒə/ fibromyalgias n
fibrimiailge
(medicine, pathology) A condition characterised by chronic pain, stiffness, and tenderness of the muscles, tendons, and joints.

fiction /ˈfɪk.ʃən/ fictions n
ficsean finscéal
(literature) Literary type using invented or imaginative writing, instead of real facts, usually written as prose.

fidchell n
ficheall
An ancient Celtic board game somewhat resembling chess.

fiddler /ˈfɪdlə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɪdələ(ɹ)/ fiddlers n
fidléir
One who plays the fiddle.

fidelity /faɪˈdɛl.ɪ.ti/ /fɪˈdɛl.ɪ.ti/ fidelities n
dílseacht
Loyalty to one's spouse or partner, including abstention from cheating or extramarital affairs.
The degree to which a system accurately reproduces an input.

fidget /ˈfɪd͡ʒ.ɪt/ fidgets n
giodam goraí útamálaí
(informal) A person who fidgets, especially habitually.

fidget /ˈfɪd͡ʒ.ɪt/ v
corrthónach giongach míshocair
(intransitive) To wiggle or twitch; to move the body, especially the fingers, around nervously or idly.

field /fild/ /fiːld/ fields n
páirc gort fál garraí
A wide, open space that is used to grow crops or to hold farm animals, usually enclosed by a fence, hedge or other barrier.
ceantar
(geology) A region containing a particular mineral.
réimse
(physics) A physical phenomenon (such as force, potential or fluid velocity) that pervades a region; a mathematical model of such a phenomenon that associates each point and time with a scalar, vector or tensor quantity.
urlár
(heraldry) The background of the shield.

field artillery field artilleries n
airtléire machaire
The part of an army's artillery which consists of (light) fieldpieces (cannons, howitzers) which are mobile enough to deploy on the (battle) field, as opposed to the fixed guns in fortifications or naval artillery; usually excludes antiaircraft.

field hockey n
haca
A form of hockey played on a grassed pitch with a hard rubber ball instead of a puck.

field horsetail field horsetails n
broimín eireaball capaill coiteann scuab eich ghoirt
A plant in the taxonomic genus Equisetum (horsetails); Equisetum arvense.

field hospital field hospitals n
ospidéal machaire
A large mobile medical unit that temporarily takes care of casualties before they can be safely transported to more permanent hospital facilities.

field ice n
oighear má
ice formed in the polar seas in large surfaces, distinguished from icebergs

field marshal field marshals n
marascal machaire
(military ranks) In certain nations the highest military rank, ranking below only the commander in chief; now essentially disused.

field officer field officers n
má-oifigeach
A (para)military commissioned officer who holds a field grade, ranking under general officers but above lower grades and fit to command medium-size units on the field, such as a battalion or regiment; or a non-army equivalent in rank.

field trip field trips n
turas allamuigh
A trip, usually in a group and especially by students, to a place of special interest for education, research or exploration; a trip into the field.

fierce /fɜː(ɹ)s/ /fɪəs/ /fɪɹs/ fiercer fiercest more fierce most fierce adj
aindreanta anghlonnach
borb fiánta
Exceedingly violent, severe, ferocious, cruel or savage.

fierceness fiercenesses n
boirbe fiántas
The state of being fierce.

fiery /ˈfaɪəɹi/ /ˈfaɪɹi/ fierier fieriest more fiery most fiery adj
faghartha mear
Tempestuous or emotionally volatile.

fife /ˈfaɪf/ fifes n
fíf
A small shrill pipe, resembling the piccolo flute, used chiefly to accompany the drum in military music

fifteen /fɪfˈtiːn/ /ˈfɪf.tiːn/ numeral
cúig déag
The cardinal number occurring after fourteen (14) and before sixteen (16).

fifteenth /ˌfɪfˈtiːnθ/ adj
an cuigú ... déag
The ordinal form of the number fifteen.

fifth /fɪft/ /fɪfθ/ /fɪθ/ adj
cúigiú
The ordinal form of the number five.

fifties /ˈfɪftiz/ n
caogaidí
The decade of the 1850s, 1950s, etc.

fiftieth /ˈfɪf.ti.əθ/ adj
caogadú
The ordinal form of the number fifty.

fifty /ˈfɪfti/ numeral
caoga
The cardinal number occurring after forty-nine and before fifty-one.

fifty-fifty adv
caoga-caoga leath is leath
In half: in two equal parts, shares, etc.

fig /fɪɡ/ figs n
fige
The fruit of the fig tree, pear-shaped and containing many small seeds. [from 12th c.]
crann figí
A fruit-bearing tree or shrub of the genus Ficus that is native mainly to the tropics. [from 14th c.]

fig leaf fig leaves n
duilleog fige
A representation of leaf of a fig plant used to cover the genitals of a nude figure in a work of art (alluding to Genesis iii 7, in which Adam and Eve use fig leaves to hide their nakedness).
seift
(figuratively) Anything used to conceal something undesirable or that one does not want to be discovered.

fight /faɪt/ [fʌɪt] fights n
troid
An occasion of fighting.
A physical confrontation or combat between two or more people or groups.

fight /faɪt/ [fʌɪt] v
troid
(transitive) To engage in combat with; to oppose physically, to contest with.
troid bruíon comhraic
(intransitive) To contend in physical conflict, either singly or in war, battle etc.

figure /ˈfɪɡjɚ/ /ˈfɪɡə/ /ˈfɪɡɚ/ figures n
amhlachas deilbh
A drawing or diagram conveying information.
The representation of any form, as by drawing, painting, modelling, carving, embroidering, etc.; especially, a representation of the human body.
pearsa
A person or thing representing a certain consciousness.
cruth déanamh
A human figure, which dress or corset must fit to; the shape of a human body.
figiúr uimhir
A numeral.
fíor
A shape.

figure of merit figures of merit n
figiúr fiúntais
a numerical value used in comparing the quality or performance of different methods, systems, or devices.

figured bass /ˈfɪɡjɚdbeɪs/ figured basses n
dord figiúrtha
(music) A musical notation in which intervals, chords and harmonizations are indicated by numbers written below a given bass note.

figurehead /ˈfɪɡjəɹˌhɛd/ /ˈfɪɡəɹˌhɛd/ figureheads n
dealbh tosaigh
(nautical) A carved figure on the prow of a sailing ship.

file /faɪl/ [faɪ̯(ə)ɫ] files n
comhad
A collection of papers collated and archived together.
(computing) An aggregation of data on a storage device, identified by a name.

file allocation table file allocation tables n
tábla leithdháilte comhad
(computing) A table used internally by the operating system to keep track of the structure of a disk and where files are stored on it.

fill /fɪl/ [fɪɫ] fills n
sáith
(after a possessive) A sufficient or more than sufficient amount.

fill /fɪl/ [fɪɫ] v
líon
To occupy fully, to take up all of.
To add contents to (a container, cavity, or the like) so that it is full.
To enter (something), making it full.
(intransitive) To become full.

fill out /fɪl ˈaʊt/ v
scríobh
(transitive) To complete a form or questionnaire with requested information.

fillet /fɪˈleɪ/ /ˈfɪl.ɪt/ fillets n
fleasc
(engineering, drafting, CAD) A rounded relief or cut at an edge, especially an inside edge, added for a finished appearance and to break sharp edges.
fleasc líosta
(architectural element) A thin featureless moulding/molding used as separation between broader decorative mouldings.

film /fɪlm/ [fɪɫm] [ˈfɪlm̩] [ˈfɪləm] films n
scannán
A thin layer of some substance; a pellicle; a membranous covering, causing opacity.
(photography) A medium used to capture images in a camera.

film /fɪlm/ [fɪɫm] [ˈfɪlm̩] [ˈfɪləm] v
scannánaigh
(ambitransitive) To record (activity, or a motion picture) on photographic film.

filter paper filter papers n
scagpháipéar
Porous paper used for filtration, typically in a filter funnel.

filth /fɪlθ/ n
garr mosar
(UK, Irish, pejorative, slang) The police.

filthy /ˈfɪlθi/ filthier filthiest adj
cáidheach
Covered with filth; very dirty.
cáidheach graosta
Obscene or offensive.

filtrate /ˈfɪltɹeɪt/ filtrates n
scagáit

fin /fɪn/ fins n
eite
(ichthyology) One of the appendages of a fish, used to propel itself and to manoeuvre/maneuver.

final /ˈfaɪn(ə)l/ /ˈfaɪnl̩/ [-nəɫ] finals n
ceannchluiche
(US, Canada) A final examination; a test or examination given at the end of a term or class; the test that concludes a class.

final clause final clauses n
clásal aidhme
(linguistics) A dependent adverbial clause expressing purpose.

finalist finalists n
iomaitheoir ceannchluiche
A university student during the period of sitting their final examinations (whether or not in their final year of study).

finally /ˈfaɪ.nə.li/ /ˈfaɪn.li/ adv
as deireadh na cúise i ndeireadh na mbeart
i ndeireadh na dála
At the end or conclusion; ultimately.

finance /faɪˈnæns/ /fɪˈnæns/ /ˈfaɪnæns/ v
maoinigh
(transitive) To manage financially; be financier for; provide or obtain funding for a transaction or undertaking.

financial /faɪˈnænʃəl/ /fɪˈnænʃəl/ adj
airgeadúil
Related to finances.

financial statement financial statements n
tuairisc airgeadais
A formal record of all relevant financial information of a business, person, or other entity, presented in a structured and standardized manner to allow easy understanding.

financier /f(a)ɪnænˈsɪəɹ/ /f(a)ɪˈnæn.sɪ.ə/ financiers n
airgeadaí
A person who, as a profession, profits from large financial transactions.

finch /fɪnt͡ʃ/ finches n
glasán
Any bird of other families of similar appearance to members of family Fringillidae.

find /faɪnd/ v
faigh aimsigh tar ar
(transitive) To encounter or discover something being searched for; to locate.

find fault v
faigh locht ar
(intransitive, idiom, often followed by with) To criticize something excessively.

finders, keepers proverb
an té a fuair is dó is cóir
Whoever finds something is allowed to keep it.

fine /faɪn/ /fæːn/ finer finest adj
calma
breá
(informal) Being acceptable, adequate, passable, or satisfactory.
Of superior quality.
(of weather) Sunny and not raining.
breá dathúil dóighiúil slachtmhar
(informal) Good-looking, attractive.
mín
Made of slender or thin filaments.

fine /faɪn/ fines n
cáin fíneáil
A fee levied as punishment for breaking the law.

fine /faɪn/ v
cáin fíneáil
(transitive) To issue a fine as punishment to (someone).

fine arts n
ealaíona uaisle
The purely aesthetic arts, such as music, painting, and poetry, as opposed to industrial or functional arts such as architecture or carpentry.

fine feathers make fine birds proverb
eochair uaisle éadach
(idiom) Something that appears beautiful or good is by definition beautiful or good.

fine-tooth comb /ˌfaɪntuːθ ˈkəʊm/ /ˌfaɪnˌtuθ ˈkoʊm/ fine-tooth combs n
cíor mhín
A comb with fine, closely spaced teeth, especially one used for removing head lice and their nits (eggs) from the hair; a nit comb.
(figuratively) A means of making a thorough search.

fine-tooth comb /ˌfaɪntuːθ ˈkəʊm/ /ˌfaɪnˌtuθ ˈkoʊm/ v
scag go mion
(figuratively) To search (something or somewhere) meticulously.

fineness finenesses n
glaine míne
The ratio, in a precious metal, of the primary metal to any additives or impurities.

finger /ˈfɪŋəɹ/ /ˈfɪŋɡə/ /ˈfɪŋɡəɹ/ fingers n
méar méara
(anatomy) A slender jointed extremity of the human hand, (often) exclusive of the thumb.

fingerboard fingerboards n
méarchlár
(music, lutherie) A flat or roughly flat strip on the neck of a stringed instrument, against which the strings are pressed to shorten the vibrating length and produce notes of higher pitches.

fingernail /ˈfɪŋɡɚˌneɪl/ fingernails n
ionga méire
The hard, flat translucent covering near the tip of a human finger, useful for scratching and fine manipulation.

fingerprint /ˈfɪŋɡɚˌpɹɪnt/ fingerprints n
méarlorg
The natural pattern of ridges on the tips of human fingers, unique to each individual.
The patterns left on surfaces where uncovered fingertips have touched, especially as used to identify the person who touched the surface.

finical /ˈfɪnɪkəl/ more finical most finical adj
cúirialta
Finicky, fastidious, overly precise or delicate.

finish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ v
críochnaigh
(transitive) To put an end to; to destroy.

finished /ˈfɪnɪʃt/ more finished most finished adj
slachtmhar
(comparable) Processed or perfected.

finishing touch finishing touches n
bailchríoch
A final addition, change, or embellishment that serves to complete something.

finny finnier finniest adj
eiteach
(of a fish) Having one or more fins.

fir /fɜː(ɹ)/ /fɝ/ /fɪɹ/ firs n
giúis
(chiefly, countable) A conifer of the genus Abies.

fire /ˈfaɪ.ə/ /ˈfaɪ.ɚ/ /ˈfaɪɹ/ [faɪ̯ə] [fʌɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaə] [ˈfaɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaː] [ˈfäːɚ] [ˈfɑe̯ə] [ˈfɑə] [ˈfɑəː] fires n
tine
(countable) An instance of this chemical reaction, especially when intentionally created and maintained in a specific location to a useful end (such as a campfire or a hearth fire).
(uncountable, alchemy, philosophy) The aforementioned chemical reaction of burning, considered one of the Classical elements or basic elements of alchemy.
(countable, British) A heater or stove used in place of a real fire (such as an electric fire).
tine dóiteán
(countable) The occurrence, often accidental, of fire in a certain place, causing damage and danger.
lámhach tine
(uncountable) The bullets or other projectiles fired from a gun or other ranged weapon.

fire /ˈfaɪ.ə/ /ˈfaɪ.ɚ/ /ˈfaɪɹ/ [faɪ̯ə] [fʌɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaə] [ˈfaɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaː] [ˈfäːɚ] [ˈfɑe̯ə] [ˈfɑə] [ˈfɑəː] v
bácáil scaoil
(transitive, sports) To shoot; to attempt to score a goal.

fire alarm fire alarms n
aláram dóiteáin
An electromechanical or electronic bell, klaxon, chime, horn, speaker, strobe light or other device which warns people in a building of a possible fire or other condition requiring evacuation.
rabhadh dóiteáin
The sound or other warning made by a fire alarm.

fire brigade /ˈfaɪə(ɹ)bɹɪˌɡeɪd/ fire brigades n
briogáid dóiteáin
(firefighting, British) An organization, often part of a local government, whose purpose is preventing and putting out fires.

fire bucket fire buckets n
buicéad dóiteáin
(firefighting) A bucket holding water or sand, etc., used to extinguish fires.

fire door fire doors n
doras dóiteáin
A fireproof door designed to stop fires spreading through buildings.

fire drill fire drills n
cleachtadh dóiteáin druil dhóiteáin
An organized practice to prepare occupants of an office, school or other public building for evacuation in the event of a fire.

fire engine /faɪə(ɹ).ɛn.dʒɪn/ /faɪɚ.ɛn.dʒɪn/ fire engines n
inneall dóiteáin
(firefighting) A vehicle used by firefighters to pump water to fight a fire. Typically, a fire engine carries a supply of water and has the ability to connect to an external water supply.

fire extinguisher /ˈfaɪəɹ ɪkˌstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ.ə(ɹ)/ fire extinguishers n
múchtóir dóiteáin múchtóir tine
A device that can be used to put out a fire. Usually a portable cylinder filled with carbon dioxide, dry powder or water, in the latter two cases with some means of pressurising the cylinder to expel the contents.

fire hose fire hoses n
píobán dóiteáin
A hose designed to deliver water to douse a fire, usually much stronger and wider in diameter than a garden hose.

fire hydrant fire hydrants n
coca dóiteáin hiodrant dóiteáin
(firefighting) A device used by firefighters to obtain water from the main supply, consisting of a barrel, connections for hose and a valve assembly.

fire station fire stations n
stáisiún dóiteáin
The building where firefighters and fire trucks/fire engines are housed when not answering an alarm.

fire-breathing adj
craoslasrach
(of a fabled animal, such as a dragon) That shoots fire from the mouth or nostrils

fire-eater fire-eaters n
slogaire tine
A performer who pretends to swallow fire.

firearm /ˈfaɪəɹˌɑː(ɹ)m/ firearms n
arm tine
A personal weapon that uses explosive powder to propel a projectile often made of lead.

firebrand /ˈfaɪə.bɹænd/ /ˈfaɪɚ.bɹænd/ firebrands n
aithinne
A torch or other burning stick with a flame at one end.

firefighting n
múchadh dóiteáin smachtú dóiteáin
(firefighting) Extinguishing a fire.

firefly fireflies n
lampróg tinechuileog
(Northern US, Western US, Florida) Any beetle of the family Lampyridae, which exhibit bioluminescence during twilight.

firelighter firelighters n
adhantaí
small block of flammable substance, typically sawdust and wax combined, used to light fires.

fireman /-ˌmæn/ /ˈfaɪəmən/ /ˈfaɪɹmən/ firemen n
fear dóiteáin fear tine
(firefighting) Someone (especially one who is male) who is skilled in the work of fighting fire.
fear tine
(rail transport, nautical) A person (originally a man) who keeps the fire going underneath a steam boiler (originally, shoveling coal by hand), particularly on a railroad locomotive or steamship.

fireplace /ˈfaɪəpleɪs/ /ˈfaɪɹpleɪs/ fireplaces n
teallach tinteán
An open hearth for holding a fire at the base of a chimney.

fireproof more fireproof most fireproof adj
dódhíonach lasairdhíonach tinedhíonach

firestorm firestorms n
stoirm olldóiteáin
A fire whose intensity is greatly increased by inrushing winds.

firewall /ˈfaɪ(ə)ɹˌwɑl/ /ˈfaɪ(ə)ɹˌwɔl/ /ˈfaɪ.əˌwɔːl/ /ˈfaɪə.wɔəl/ firewalls n
balla dóiteáin
(computer security) The software that monitors traffic in and out of a private network or a personal computer and allows or blocks such traffic depending on its perceived threat.

fireweed fireweeds n
lus tine
A perennial herbaceous plant (Epilobium angustifolium or Chamaenerion angustifolium) in the willowherb family Onagraceae.

firewood /ˈfa.ə(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfaɪ.ə(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfaɪ.ɚ.wʊd/ /ˈfaː(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfɑ.ə(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfɑ.əː(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfɑe.ə(ɹ).wʊd/ [ˈfaɪ.ɚ.wʊd] [ˈfäː.ɚ.wʊd] firewoods n
adhmad tine
Wood intended to be burned, typically for heat.

firework /ˈfaɪɚˌwɚk/ fireworks n
tine ealaíne
A device using gunpowder and other chemicals which, when lit, emits a combination of coloured flames, sparks, whistles or bangs, and sometimes made to rocket high into the sky before exploding, used for entertainment or celebration.

fireworks /ˈfaɪ̯.ə.wɜːks/ /ˈfaɪ̯.ɚ.wɝks/ n
tine ealaíne tinte ealaíne
(plural only) An event or a display where fireworks are set off.

firing /ˈfaɪ.əɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈfaɪ.ɚ.ɪŋ/ firings n
lámhach
The discharge of a gun or other weapon.

firing squad firing squads n
scuad lámhaigh
A group of soldiers or paramilitaries detailed to execute someone, usually by rifle shot, or to discharge their weapons ceremonially at a funeral.

firm /fɜɹm/ /fɜːm/ [fɝm] firmer firmest adj
diongbháilte
Steadfast, secure, solid (in position)

firm /fɜɹm/ /fɜːm/ [fɝm] firms n
comhlacht gnólacht
(UK, business) A business partnership; the name under which it trades.
(business, economics) A business enterprise, however organized.

firm up v
cruaigh
(intransitive) To become firmer in consistency.

firmament /ˈfɜːməm(ə)nt/ /ˈfɝməmənt/ firmaments n
neamh
(usually, uncountable, literary, poetic, also, figuratively) The vault of the heavens, where the clouds, sun, moon, and stars can be seen; the heavens, the sky.

firmness /ˈfɜːmnəs/ /ˈfɝmnəs/ firmnesses n
diongbháilteacht fostacht seasmhacht
The state of being firm

first /fɜːst/ /fɝst/ /fɪrst/ /fʌrst/ adj
aonú céad
Of or belonging to a first family.

first /fɜːst/ /fɝst/ /fɪrst/ /fʌrst/ adv
ar dtús
Before anything else; firstly.

first aid n
garchabhair
(medicine) Basic medical care given to an injury victim, usually where the injury is slight or where better care is not available.

first among equals firsts among equals n
bheith i do shaoi i measc na sua
(idiomatic) A person or position that is formally of equal rank to others in a group, but nonetheless takes a leading role within that group.

first and foremost adv
thar aon rud eile
(set phrase) Primarily; most importantly.

first class adj
den chéad ghrád
Belonging to the best or top group in a system of classification.

first class first classes n
céad ghrád
(A status, section, etc which is of) premier rank.

first gear first gears n
céad ghiar
The first gear of an transmission, which provides the lowest output speed and greatest mechanical advantage.

first mate first mates n
ardmháta céad mháta
(nautical) An officer on a merchant ship next in rank to the captain and responsible to the captain for the safety and security of the ship.

first of never n
Lá Philib an Chleite Lá Sheon Dic
(idiom, slang) A nonexistent day; a day that will never come.

first person first persons n
chéad phearsa
A form of narrative writing using verbs in the first person in order to give the impression that the action is happening to the narrator.

first things first phraseologicalUnit
an chuid is tábhachtaí ar dtús
Let's deal with matters of highest priority first; let's deal with matters in logical sequence.

first-degree adj
den chéad ghrád
(of burns) The least severe damage from a burn, typically involving only damage to the outer layer of skin.

first-degree burn first-degree burns n
ball dóite den chéad grád
A mild burn that causes redness of the skin but no blistering.

first-rate adj
diail
(idiomatic) Superb, exceptional; of the best sort; very high quality.

firstborn /ˈfɜː(ɹ)st.ˌbɔː(ɹ)n/ [ˈfɜːst.ˌbɔːn] [ˈfɝst.ˌbɔɚ̯n] firstborn firstborns n
céadghin
The first child to be born to a parent or family.

firstly /ˈfɜɹstli/ adv
ar an gcéad dul síos
(formal) In the first place; before anything else; first.

fiscal year fiscal years n
bliain airgeadais bliain fhioscach
(accounting) An accounting period of one year, not necessarily coinciding with the calendar year.

fish /fɘʃ/ /fɪʃ/ fish fishes n
iasc
(archaic, or, loosely) Any animal (or any vertebrate) that lives exclusively in water.
(uncountable) The flesh of the fish used as food.

fish and chips n
iasc agus sceallóga
A meal of fish fried in batter and served with chips (fried potato pieces), popular throughout the Anglosphere, especially in coastal regions.

fish finger fish fingers n
méaróg éisc
(chiefly, UK) A rectangular stick of processed fish coated in breadcrumbs that is cooked by frying or grilling.

fish fork fish forks n
forc éisc
A fork intended for eating fish and other seafood, as at formal dining where different forks are provided for different courses.

fisher /ˈfɪʃə/ /ˈfɪʃɚ/ fishers n
cat crainn Pennant
A North American marten (Pekania pennanti, syn. Martes pennanti), that has thick brown fur.

fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən/ /ˈfɪʃɚmən/ fishermen fisherwoman n
iascaire
A fisher, a person engaged in fishing:
A person whose profession is catching fish.

fishery /ˈfɪʃəɹi/ fisheries n
iascaireacht
(countable) A place related to fishing, particularly:

fishhook /ˈfɪʃˌhʊk/ fishhooks n
duán
A barbed hook, usually metal, used for fishing.

fishing /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ fishings n
iascaireacht
(uncountable, informal) The act of catching other forms of seafood, separately or together with fish.
(uncountable) Commercial fishing: the business or industry of catching fish and other seafood for sale.

fishing boat fishing boats n
bád iascaireachta
A boat used for fishing.

fishing cat fishing cats n
cat iascaireachta
A medium-sized cat whose habitat range extends through Indochina, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sumatra and Java; (Prionailurus viverrinus).

fishing line fishing lines n
dorú (iascaireachta)
A cord or line where the hook or lure is attached.

fishmarket fishmarkets n
margadh éisc
A market where fish is sold.

fishmonger /ˈfɪʃˌmʌŋɡ.ə(ɹ)/ fishmongers n
ceannaí éisc
(British) A person who sells fish.

fishpond fishponds n
dabhach éisc
A freshwater pond stocked with fish; especially one formerly attached to a monastery etc as a source of food

fissure /ˈfɪʃ.ə/ /ˈfɪʃ.ɚ/ /ˈfɪʒ.ɚ/ fissures n
gág
A long, narrow crack or opening made by breaking or splitting, especially in rock or earth.

fist /fɪst/ fists n
dorn
A hand with the fingers clenched or curled inward.

fist /fɪst/ v
dornáil
To strike with the fist.

fistful /ˈfɪstfʊl/ fistfuls fistsful n
lán doirn
The amount that can be held in a closed fist.

fistula /ˈfɪs.tjə.lə/ /ˈfɪs.tʃʊ.lə/ /ˈfɪs.t͡ʃu.lə/ fistulae fistulas fistulæ n
fiostúl
(medicine) An abnormal connection or passageway between organs or vessels that normally do not connect.

fit /fɪt/ fitter fittest adj
oiriúnach
Suitable; proper.
infheidhme
In good shape; physically well.
dathúil álainn
(British, informal, chiefly, slang) Sexually attractive; good-looking; fanciable.
réidh
Prepared; ready.

fit /fɪt/ fits n
taom
A seizure or convulsion.
(medicine) A sudden and vigorous appearance of a symptom over a short period of time.
A sudden outburst of emotion.

fit /fɪt/ v
oiriúnaigh
(transitive) To conform to in size and shape.
(transitive, with to) To make conform in size and shape.

fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ fitnesses n
oiriúint oiriúnacht
The cultivation of an attractive and/or healthy physique.

fitting /fɪtɪŋ/ more fitting most fitting adj
diongbháilte fóirsteanach oiriúnach
Appropriate; suitable.

fitting /fɪtɪŋ/ fittings n
oirtheoireacht
gabháil
The act of trying on clothes to inspect or adjust the fit.

five /faɪv/ /fäːv/ numeral
cúig
A numerical value equal to 5; the number following four and preceding six.

five senses n
cúig céadfaí
The five major senses in most animals: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.

fiver /ˈfaɪvɚ/ fivers n
páipéar cúig phunt
(slang) A banknote with a value of five units of currency.

fix /ˈfɪks/ fixes n
habal
A difficult situation; a quandary or dilemma; a predicament.

fix /ˈfɪks/ v
cuir caoi ar deisigh
(intransitive) To become firm, so as to resist volatilization; to cease to flow or be fluid; to congeal; to become hard and malleable, as a metallic substance.

fix up v
cuir caoi ar
(informal, ambitransitive) To provide (someone) with something; to furnish.

fixation /fɪksˈeɪʃən/ fixations n
fosú fosúchán
The act of uniting chemically with a solid substance or in a solid form; reduction to a non-volatile condition; -- said of volatile elements.
fosúchán greamú
A state of mind involving obsession with a particular person, idea, or thing.

fixed /fɪkst/ more fixed most fixed adj
diongbháilte
Not able to change or vary.

fixed star fixed stars n
réalta sheasta
(star) A star whose movement cannot be seen from Earth.

fjord /fiˈɔɹd/ /fiˈɔːd/ /fjɔɹd/ /fjɔːd/ /ˈfiːɔːd/ fjords n
caolsáile
A long, narrow, deep inlet between cliffs.

flabby /ˈflæb.i/ flabbier flabbiest adj
feolmhar liobarnach
Yielding to the touch, and easily moved or shaken; hanging loose by its own weight; lacking firmness; flaccid.

flag /fleɪɡ/ /flæɡ/ [fɫæɡ] flags n
feileastram
Any of various plants with sword-shaped leaves, especially irises; specifically, Iris pseudacorus.
bratach
(computer science) A variable or memory location that stores a true-or-false, yes-or-no value, typically either recording the fact that a certain event has occurred or requesting that a certain optional action take place.
(internet slang, ACG) A plot or words of a character in an animation, etc., that would usually lead to a specific outcome or event, not logically or causally, but as a pattern of the animation, etc.

flag-bearer flag-bearers n
iompróir brataí
One who carries a flag, especially at a ceremony.

flageolet /ˈflæd͡ʒəlɪt/ /ˈflæʒəleɪ/ flageolets n
fideog fideog adhmaid
(music) A type of small flute of the fipple family.

flagpole /ˈflæɡˌpoʊl/ flagpoles n
crann brataí
A tall pole up which one or more flags may be raised and flown.

flagrant /ˈfleɪ.ɡɹənt/ more flagrant most flagrant adj
neamhnáireach
Obvious and offensive; blatant; scandalous.

flagship /ˈflæɡʃɪp/ flagships n
bratlong
(nautical, military) The ship occupied by the fleet's commander (usually an admiral); it denotes this by flying his flag.

flagstone /ˈflæɡ.stəʊn/ flagstones n
leac
A flat, rectangular piece of rock or stone used for paving or roofing.

flail /fleɪl/ /fɹeɪl/ flails n
súiste
A tool used for threshing, consisting of a long handle (handstock) with a shorter stick (swipple or swingle) attached with a short piece of chain, thong or similar material.
A weapon which has the (usually spherical) striking part attached to the handle with a flexible joint such as a chain.

flake /fleɪk/ flakes n
cáithnín
A loose filmy mass or a thin chiplike layer of anything

flambeau /flamˈbəʊ/ /ˈflambəʊ/ flambeaus flambeaux n
stapal
A burning torch, especially one carried in procession.

flamboyant /flamˈbɔɪ.ənt/ /flæmˈbɔɪ.(j)ənt/ more flamboyant most flamboyant adj
gáifeach péacógach stráiciúil taibhseach
Showy, bold or audacious in behaviour, appearance, style, etc.; ostentatious.

flame /fleɪm/ flames n
lasair
The visible part of fire; a stream of burning vapour or gas, emitting light and heat.

flamethrower /ˈfleɪmˌθɹoʊ.ɚ/ /ˈfleɪmˌθɹəʊ.ə/ flamethrowers n
teilgeoir lasrach
A device that projects a flame for starting fires, and sometimes also additional fuel to help ignition. Used either as a weapon or a tool.

flammable /ˈflæməbəl/ more flammable most flammable adj
inadhainte inlasta so-adhainte so-lasta
Capable of burning, especially a liquid.

flange /flænd͡ʒ/ flanges n
sceimheal
The projecting edge of a rigid or semi-rigid component.

flannel /ˈflænəl/ flannels n
flainín
(uncountable) A soft cloth material originally woven from wool, today often combined with cotton or synthetic fibers.

flap-eared more flap-eared most flap-eared adj
cluasach
(of animals) Synonym of flop-eared, having large pendant ears.
(of people) Having large ears clearly distinct from the head.
Having ears that appear as though they could flap,

flapjack /ˈflæpd͡ʒæk/ flapjacks n
flapóg
(British) A bar made of (though not limited to) rolled oats, butter, golden syrup, and brown sugar, baked in a tray.

flare /flɛə̯/ /flɛɚ̯/ flares n
bladhm
A type of pyrotechnic that produces a brilliant light without an explosion, used to attract attention in an emergency, to illuminate an area, or as a decoy.
lasair
A source of brightly burning light or intense heat.
spré
A widening of an object with an otherwise roughly constant width.
(American football) A route run by the running back, releasing toward the sideline and then slightly arcing upfield looking for a short pass.

flash /flæʃ/ flashes n
splanc
A sudden, short, temporary burst of light.

flash /flæʃ/ v
splanc
(transitive) To cause to shine briefly or intermittently.
(intransitive) To blink; to shine or illuminate intermittently.

flash drive flash drives n
méaróg USB méaróg chuimhne
(computer hardware) A small electronic device used to store digital data, more portable and robust than a hard drive.

flash flood flash floods n
maidhm thuile
(meteorology) A sudden, rapid flood, usually of short duration and local impact.

flash in the pan flash in the pans flashes in the pan n
gal soip rith searraigh
A transient occurrence with no long-term effect.

flash powder flash powders n
púdar splaince

flashlight /ˈflæʃˌlaɪt/ flashlights n
tóirse
(US, Canada) A battery-powered hand-held light source.

flat /flæt/ flatter flattest adj
cothrom réidh
Having no variations in height.
rodta
(of a carbonated drink) With all or most of its carbon dioxide having come out of solution so that the drink no longer fizzes or contains any bubbles.

flat-headed cat flat-headed cats n
cat ceannleathan
Prionailurus planiceps, a small wild cat patchily distributed in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra.

flatfish /ˈflætfɪʃ/ flatfish flatfishes n
leadhbóg iasc leathógach leathóg leith
A fish of the order Pleuronectiformes, the adults of which have both eyes on one side and usually swim with the other side down, such as a flounder, a halibut, or a sole.

flatfoot flatfeet flatfoots n
leifteán
A person having the above condition.

flatter /ˈflætə/ /ˈflætɚ/ [ˈflæɾɚ] v
cuach
To compliment someone, often (but not necessarily) insincerely and sometimes to win favour.
bladair
To enhance or gratify someone's vanity by praising them.

flatterer flatterers n
líodóir
One who flatters.

flattery /ˈflæt.ə.ɹi/ /ˈflæt.ɚ.i/ flatteries n
bladar plámás spleá spleáchas
(countable) An instance of excessive praise.

flatulence /ˈflæt(j)ʊləns/ /ˈflæt͡ʃələns/ /ˈflæt͡ʃʊləns/ flatulences n
gaofaireacht
The state of having gas, often smelly, trapped (and when released, frequently with noise) in the digestive system of a human and some other animals; wind; and when released, a flatus, a fart.

flatulent /ˈflætjʊlənt/ more flatulent most flatulent adj
briosc
Affected by gas in the intestine; likely to fart.

flatworm flatworms n
péist phlánach
Any of very many parasitic or free-living worms, of the phylum Platyhelminthes, having a flattened body with no skeleton or body cavity.

flautist /ˈflɔːtɪst/ flautists n
fliúiteadóir
One who plays the flute.

flavor /ˈfleɪvə/ /ˈfleɪvɚ/ v
leasaigh
(American spelling, transitive) To add flavoring to something.

flaw /flɑ/ /flɔ/ /flɔː/ flaws n
fabht locht
A defect, fault, or imperfection, especially one that is hidden.

flawed more flawed most flawed adj
fabhtach
Having a flaw or imperfection.

flawless /ˈflɑləs/ /ˈflɔləs/ /ˈflɔːləs/ more flawless most flawless adj
foirfe gan locht
Without flaws, defects, or shortcomings; perfect.

flax-dresser flax-dressers n
haicléir
A worker who separated the coarse part of flax or hemp with a hackle; a hackler

flaxen /ˈflæk.sən/ adj
buíbhán fionn
Made of or resembling flax fibers.
(of hair) A pale yellow brown as of dried flax; blonde.

flaxseed /ˈflæks.siːd/ /ˈflæksiːd/ flaxseeds n
ros ros lín
The seed of the flax plant; a source of linseed oil.

flay /fleɪ/ /fliː/ v
feann
To strip the skin off; to skin.

flea /fliː/ fleas fleen n
dreancaid
A small, wingless, parasitic insect of the order Siphonaptera, renowned for its bloodsucking habits and jumping abilities.

flea market flea markets n
margadh na míol
An outdoor temporary market selling inexpensive antiques, curios, etc.

fledgling /ˈflɛd͡ʒ.lɪŋ/ fledglings n
gearrcach
A young bird which has just developed its flight feathers (notably wings).

flee /fliː/ v
teith teith ó/roimh
(intransitive) To run away; to escape.
teith ó/roimh
(transitive) To escape from.

fleece /fliːs/ fleeces n
lomra
(uncountable) Hair or wool of a sheep or similar animal

fleece /fliːs/ v
feann
(transitive) To con or trick (someone) out of money.

fleet /flit/ /fliːt/ fleets n
cabhlach loingeas
A group of vessels or vehicles.

flesh /flɛʃ/ fleshes n
feoil
The soft tissue of the body, especially muscle and fat.
Animal tissue regarded as food; meat (but sometimes excluding fish).
colainn
The human body as a physical entity.
(religion) The evil and corrupting principle working in man.

flesh fly flesh flies n
cuil fheola
any fly of the family Sarcophagidae that feed on carrion

fleshworm fleshworms n
fríd
A worm that feeds on flesh.

fleshy /ˈflɛʃi/ fleshier fleshiest more fleshy most fleshy adj
feolmhar
(of a person) Having considerable flesh; plump.

fleur-de-lis /ˌflɜːdəˈliː/ /ˌflɜːdəˈliːs/ /ˌflɝdəˈli/ /ˌflɝdəˈlis/ fleur-de-lises fleur-de-lisses fleurs-de-lis n
flór de lúis
(heraldiccharge) A design representing a flower whose three petals are joined together at the bottom, often used in heraldry, where it is particularly associated with the French monarchy.

flexible /ˈflɛk.sə.bəl/ /ˈflɛk.sɪ.bəl/ more flexible most flexible adj
aclaí solúbtha
Capable of being flexed or bent without breaking; able to be turned or twisted without breaking.
Willing or prone to give way to the influence of others; not invincibly rigid or obstinate.
Capable of adapting or changing to suit new or modified conditions or situations.
Capable or being adapted or molded in some way.

flexography n
fleisceagrafaíocht
A method of printing using a rubber or polymer rotating printing plate, most commonly used for packaging (labels, tape etc.).

flight attendant flight attendants n
aeróstach
A member of the crew of an airplane who is responsible for the comfort and safety of its passengers.

flight deck flight decks n
deic eitilte
The deck of an aircraft carrier, where aircraft can land and take off.

flight engineer flight engineers n
innealtóir eitilte
(aviation) A member of the flight crew in certain (mainly older) aircraft who monitors and operates many to most aircraft systems.

flightiness flightinesses n
aeracht aeráid
The quality of being flighty.

flighty /ˈflaɪti/ flightier flightiest adj
aerach aidhmeannach arduallach giodalach
Given to unplanned and silly ideas or actions.
eitleach
(of a bird) That flies easily or often.

flimsy /ˈflɪmzi/ flimsies n
páipéar tanaí
Thin typing paper used to make multiple copies.

flinch /flɪnt͡ʃ/ v
creathnaigh cúlaigh
(intransitive) To make a sudden, involuntary movement in response to a (usually negative) stimulus; to cringe.

fling /ˈflɪŋ/ flings n
spallaíocht
A short romantic, oftentimes sexual, relationship.

flippancy /ˈflɪ.pən.si/ /ˈflɪ.pɛn.si/ /ˈflɪ.pɛnt.si/ flippancies n
braise braschaint deiliús fídireacht soibealtacht
A disrespectful levity or pertness especially in respect to grave or sacred matters.

flirt /flɜːt/ /flɝt/ v
bí ag súgradh
(intransitive) To play at courtship; to talk with teasing affection, to insinuate sexual attraction in a playful (especially conversational) way. [from 18th c.]

flitch /flɪtʃ/ flitches n
cliathán
The flank or side of an animal, now almost exclusively a pig when cured and salted; a side of bacon.

float /floʊt/ /fləʊt/ floats n
flóta
An elaborately decorated trailer or vehicle, intended for display in a parade or pageant.

flock /flɑk/ /flɒk/ flocks n
tréad
A large number of animals associated together in a group; commonly used of sheep, but (dated) also used for goats, farmed animals, and a wide variety of animals.
Those served by a particular pastor or shepherd.

flog /flɑɡ/ /flɒɡ/ v
liúr
(transitive) To whip or scourge as punishment.

flood /flʌd/ floods n
tuile
An overflow (usually disastrous) of water from a lake or other body of water due to excessive rainfall or other input of water.
rabharta
(figuratively) A large number or quantity of anything appearing more rapidly than can easily be dealt with.

floodgate /ˈflʌdɡeɪt/ /ˈflʌdˌɡeɪt/ floodgates n
bualchomhla comhla loic comhla uisce haiste loc-chomhla
An adjustable gate or valve used to control the flow of water through a sluice.

floodlight floodlights n
teilgeoir tuilsholais
A projector of a bright beam of light for use in theatres and studios; a flood

floor /flo(ː)ɹ/ /floə/ /floʊ/ /flɔɹ/ /flɔː/ [flo̞ɹ] floors n
urlár
The interior bottom or surface of a house or building; the supporting surface of a room.
(nautical) That part of the bottom of a vessel on each side of the keelson which is most nearly horizontal.

flooring /ˈflɔːrɪŋ/ floorings n
urlárlach
A material used to make floors.

floppy /ˈflɒ.pi/ floppier floppiest adj
liobarnach
Limp, not hard, firm, or rigid; flexible.

floral /ˈfloɹəl/ /ˈflɔːɹəl/ more floral most floral adj
bláthach
Of, pertaining to, or connected with flowers.

floriculture floricultures n
bláthadóireacht bláthshaothrú
the farming of flowers

florigen florigens n
flóraigin
(botany) a supposed hormone that causes flowering in plants

florin /ˈflɑɹɪn/ /ˈflɒɹɪn/ /ˈflɔɹɪn/ florins n
airgead croise píosa croise píosa crosach
flóirín
A pre-decimal British coin, worth two shillings or ten new pence.

floristry n
bláthadóireacht
Production, commerce and trade in flowers.

flounder /ˈflaʊndɚ/ flounder flounders n
leadhbóg leith
A European species of flatfish having dull brown colouring with reddish-brown blotches; fluke, European flounder (Platichthys flesus).

flour /flaː(r)/ /flɑɹ/ /flɑː/ /ˈflaʊ̯.ə/ /ˈflaʊ̯.ɚ/ flours n
plúr
Powder obtained by grinding or milling cereal grains, especially wheat, or other foodstuffs such as soybeans and potatoes, and used to bake bread, cakes, and pastry.

flour /flaː(r)/ /flɑɹ/ /flɑː/ /ˈflaʊ̯.ə/ /ˈflaʊ̯.ɚ/ v
plúraigh
(transitive) To apply flour to something; to cover with flour.

flourishing /ˈflɝɪʃɪŋ/ /ˈflʌɹɪʃɪŋ/ more flourishing most flourishing adj
faoi bhláth faoi mhaise faoi rath rafar
growing, thriving, doing well

floury /ˈflaʊəɹi/ /ˈflaʊɹi/ flourier flouriest adj
plúrach
Resembling flour.
Covered in flour.

flow /floʊ/ /fləʊ/ flows n
sileadh sreabh
(math) A formalization of the idea of the motion of particles in a fluid, as a group action of the real numbers on a set.

flow /floʊ/ /fləʊ/ v
sreabh snigh
(intransitive) To move as a fluid from one position to another.

flow chart flow charts n
sreabhchlár
A schematic representation of how the different stages in a process are interconnected.

flower /flaː(r)/ /flɐ.wə(r)/ /flɐ.ʋə(r)/ /ˈflaʊ.ə/ /ˈflaʊ.ɚ/ flowers n
bláth plúr
(botany) A reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), often conspicuously colourful and typically including sepals, petals, and either or both stamens and/or a pistil.

flower garden flower gardens n
gairdín bláthanna garraí bláthanna
A garden where flowers are grown for decorative purposes.

flower girl flower girls n
cailín bláthanna
A participant in a wedding procession, whose responsibility is usually to spread flower petals on the floor before the bride, or to carry a bouquet of flowers.

flower head flower heads n
bhláthcheann
(botany) A compact cluster of florets having the appearance of a single [flower]] (as in the daisy family).

flowerbed flowerbeds n
ceapach bláthanna
A part of a garden or park where flowers are grown.

flowing /ˈfloʊ.ɪŋ/ /ˈfləʊ.ɪŋ/ more flowing most flowing adj
craobhach
Moving, proceeding or shaped smoothly, gracefully, or continuously.

fluctuation /flʌkt͡ʃuːˈeɪʃən/ fluctuations n
luaineacht
A wavering; unsteadiness.

flue pipe flue pipes n
píopa béil
An organ pipe that produces sound through the vibration of air molecules, contrasted with reed pipe.

fluency /ˈfluːənsi/ fluencies n
líofacht éascaíocht
The quality of smoothness of flow.
líofacht
(linguistics) The quality of being fluent in a language; A person's command of a particular language.

fluffy /flʌfi/ fluffier fluffiest adj
clúmhach
Covered with fluff.

fluid /ˈfljuːɪd/ /ˈfluːɪd/ /ˈflɪu̯ɪd/ fluids n
sreabhán
Any substance which can flow with relative ease, tends to assume the shape of its container, and obeys Bernoulli's principle; a liquid, gas or plasma.
A liquid (as opposed to a solid or gas).

fluidity /fluˈɪd.ə.ti/ /fluːˈɪd.ə.ti/ /fluːˈɪd.ɪ.ti/ /flʉːˈɪd.ə.ti/ [fluˈɪɾ.ə.ti] [fluˈɪɾ.ə.ɾi] [fluːˈɪɾ.ə.ti] [fluːˈɪɾ.ə.ɾi] fluidities n
silteacht
(uncountable) The state of being fluid rather than viscous

fluke /fljuːk/ /fluk/ /fluːk/ flukes n
puchán treimeatóid
Either of the two lobes of a whale's or similar creature's tail.

flukeworm flukeworms n
puchán treimeatóid
Any usually parasitic worm in the class Trematoda.

flunkey /ˈflʌŋki/ flunkeys flunkies n
Seoinín
(derogatory) An underling; a liveried servant or a footman; servant, retainer – a person working in the service of another (especially in the household).

fluorine /ˈfloɹˌin, -ɪn/ /ˈflʊ(ə)ɹˌin, -ɪn/ fluorines n
fluairín
(chemistry, countable) A single atom of this element.

flurry /ˈflɝ.ɹi/ /ˈflʊɹi/ /ˈflʌɹi/ flurries n
cuaifeach
A sudden and brief blast or gust; a light, temporary breeze.
fuadar
(figurative) Any sudden activity; a stir.

flush /ˈflʌʃ/ v
sruthlaigh
(transitive) To cleanse by flooding with generous quantities of a fluid.
(transitive) Particularly, to cleanse a toilet by introducing a large amount of water.
(intransitive, of a toilet) To be cleansed by being flooded with generous quantities of water.

flush toilet flush toilets n
clóiséad uisce
A toilet that uses water to flush urine and feces through a pipe to another location, typically a sewer main in urban settings or a septic tank elsewhere.

flute /fluːt/ flutes n
fliúit
(colloquial) A recorder, also a woodwind instrument.
gloine ard
A glass with a long, narrow bowl and a long stem, used for drinking wine, especially champagne.
cuisle
(architectural element, firearms) A semicylindrical vertical groove, as in a pillar, in plaited cloth, or in a rifle barrel to cut down the weight.

fluting flutings n
cuisliú
(architecture, sculpture) A decoration consisting of parallel, normally vertical, flutes (grooves) incised into the surface.

fluvial /ˈfluːvi.əl/ adj
abhann aibhneach dobhar- srutha
Of, pertaining to, inhabiting, or produced by the action of a river or stream.

fly /flaɪ/ flies flys n
cuileog
(non-technical) Especially, any of the insects of the family Muscidae, such as the common housefly (other families of Diptera include mosquitoes and midges).
cuileog bréagchuil cuileog bhréige
(fishing) A lightweight fishing lure resembling an insect.
cailpís plapa
(often plural) A strip of material (sometimes hiding zippers or buttons) at the front of a pair of trousers, pants, underpants, bootees, etc.

fly /flaɪ/ v
eitil
(transitive, ergative) To cause to fly (travel or float in the air): to transport via air or the like.
sciurd
(intransitive) To travel or proceed very fast; to hasten.

fly agaric fly agarics n
agairg na gcuileanna
A poisonous and hallucinogenic mushroom, Amanita muscaria, with a large crimson cap, fading to yellow, scattered with white flecks.

flyer /ˈflaɪə(ɹ)/ flyers n
bileoigín
eitleoir
(dated) An airplane pilot.

flying /ˈflaɪ.ɪŋ/ adj
eitilte
That flies or can fly.
eitleach
Brief or hurried.

flying fox flying foxes n
ialtóg na meas
A large Australasian bat, of the genera Pteropus or Acerodon in the family Pteropodidae, having a fox-like face.

flying saucer flying saucers n
sásar eitilte
(informal) A disc-shaped unidentified flying object or UFO; originally in reference to sightings by aviator Kenneth Arnold in Washington in 1947.

flying squirrel flying squirrels n
iora eitilte
The family Anomaluridae, which are only distantly related to the squirrels.
The tribe Pteromyini within the family Sciuridae, which are true squirrels.

flyswatter flyswatters n
smiotán
A hand-held device for swatting flies or other insects, to kill or shoo them.

foal /foʊl/ /fɐʉl/ /fəʊl/ [foɫ] [fɔʊɫ] foals n
searrach
A young horse or other equine, especially just after birth or less than a year old.

foam /foʊm/ /fəʊm/ foams n
sobal cúr
A substance composed of a large collection of bubbles or their solidified remains, especially:

focal /ˈfoʊ.kl̩/ /ˈfəʊ.kl̩/ adj
bun- lárnach príomh-
Belonging to, concerning, or located at a focus.
fócasach
(medicine) Limited to a small area.

focal length focal lengths n
fad fócasach
(optics) A measure of how strongly an optical system converges or diverges light, the inverse of optical power. In the simple case of a single convex lens, it is the distance along the optical axis from the principal plane of the lens to the lens's focal point (where, for instance, the film would be placed in a camera). For more complex or multi-element optical systems, focal length need not correspond to any obvious measurable physical distance.

focal point focal points n
pointe fócasach
(optics) A focus; a point at which rays of light or other radiation converge.

focus /ˈfoʊ.kəs/ /ˈfəʊ.kəs/ foci focuses focusses n
fócas
(uncountable, photography, cinematography) The fact of the convergence of light on the photographic medium.
(uncountable, photography, cinematography) The quality of the convergence of light on the photographic medium.
(linguistics) The most important word or phrase in a sentence or passage, or the one that imparts information.
An object used in casting a magic spell.
fócas príomhchúram
(uncountable) Concentration of attention.

focus /ˈfoʊ.kəs/ /ˈfəʊ.kəs/ v
fócasaigh
(transitive) To cause (rays of light, etc) to converge at a single point.
(transitive, optics) To adjust (a lens, an optical instrument) in order to position an image with respect to the focal plane.
dírigh
(intransitive, followed by on or upon) To concentrate one's attention on something; to have as one's central point of interest, concern, etc.

fog /fɑɡ/ /fɒɡ/ /fɔɡ/ fogs n
ceo
(uncountable) A thick cloud that forms near the ground; the obscurity of such a cloud.

fog lamp fog lamps n
lampa ceo
(automotive) A bright red lamp (normally one of a pair) at the rear of a motor car that can be switched on during foggy weather so as to avoid collisions from cars approaching from behind

fog light fog lights n
lampa ceo
(automotive) One of a pair of lights, mounted at the front of a car, below the headlights, usually white or yellow in colour, for increased visibility ahead in foggy driving conditions.

foggy /ˈfɒɡi/ foggier foggiest adj
ceomhar
Obscured by mist or fog; unclear; hazy

foible /ˈfɔɪbəl/ foibles n
laige
A weakness or failing of character.

foil /fɔɪl/ foils n
pionsa maol
(authorship, figuratively) In literature, theatre/theater, etc., a character who helps emphasize the traits of the main character and who usually acts as an opponent or antagonist, but can also serve as the sidekick of the protagonist.
(fencing) A very thin sword with a blunted (or foiled) tip

fold /faʉld/ /foʊld/ /ˈfəʊld/ [fɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈfɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈfɔʊ(ɫ)d] folds n
aoile
mainnear
A pen or enclosure for sheep or other domestic animals.
furca
A bend or crease.

fold /faʉld/ /foʊld/ /ˈfəʊld/ [fɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈfɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈfɔʊ(ɫ)d] v
fill
(transitive) To bend (any thin material, such as paper) over so that it comes in contact with itself.
(transitive) To make the proper arrangement (in a thin material) by bending.

folder /ˈfoʊɫdɚ/ /ˈfəʊldə/ folders n
fillteán
An organizer that papers are kept in, usually with an index tab, to be stored as a single unit in a filing cabinet.
(computing) A virtual container in a computer's file system, in which files and other folders may be stored. The files and subfolders in a folder are usually related.

foliage /ˈfoʊliɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈfəʊliɪdʒ/ foliages n
clúmh duilliúr
The leaves of plants.

foliate /ˈfəʊlieɪt/ /ˈfəʊliət/ v
duilligh

folic acid n
aigéad fólach
(vitamin, carboxylic acid) A polycyclic heterocyclic carboxylic acid, one of the vitamin B complex, essential for cell growth and reproduction

foliose more foliose most foliose adj
duilliúil
leafy or leaf-like.

folklore /ˈfoʊk.lɔːɹ/ /ˈfəʊk.lɔː/ folklores n
béaloideas
The tales, legends, superstitions, and traditions of a particular ethnic population.

folklorist /ˈfoʊklɔɹɪst/ folklorists n
béaloideasaí
A person who studies or collects folklore

folkway /ˈfoʊkˌweɪ/ /ˈfəʊkweɪ/ folkways n
daon-nós
Often plural: a belief or custom common to members of a culture or society.

folly /ˈfɑli/ /ˈfɒli/ follies n
amaidí díchiall
Foolishness that results from a lack of foresight or lack of practicality.

fond /fɑnd/ /fɒnd/ fonder fondest adj
cion a bheith agat ar muirneach
Affectionate.

fondle /ˈfɒndəl/ v
muirnigh
(transitive) To touch or stroke lovingly.

fondling /ˈfɒndlɪŋ/ fondlings n
dalta
A pet or person who is fondled; someone who is much loved.

fondness /ˈfɑndnəs/ /ˈfɒndnəs/ fondnesses n
caithis gile
The quality of being fond: liking something, foolishness; doting affection; propensity.

font /fɑnt/ /fɒnt/ fonts n
clófhoireann
In digital typesetting, a set of glyphs in a single style, representing one or more alphabets or writing systems, or the computer code representing it.
cló
(computing, typography) A computer file containing the code used to draw and compose the glyphs of one or more typographic fonts on a computer display or printer.

fontanelle fontanelles n
cró an chinn cró na baithise
(anatomy) A soft membraneous spot on the head of a baby due to incomplete fusion of the cranial bones.

food /fud/ /fuːd/ /fʏːd/ foods n
bia
(uncountable) Any solid substance that can be consumed by living organisms, especially by eating, in order to sustain life.
(countable) A foodstuff.
(uncountable, figuratively) Anything that nourishes or sustains.

food bank food banks n
banc bia
A charitable non-profit organization that distributes mostly donated food to a wide variety of agencies that in turn feed the hungry.

food chain food chains n
biashlabhra slabhra bia
The feeding relationships between species in a biotic community.

food poisoning food poisonings n
nimhiú bia
(pathology, bacteria) Any food-borne disease, such as salmonella, which causes diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, fever and abdominal cramps.

fool /fuːl/ /fʉl/ /fʊu(l)/ fools n
amadán baothán leibide óinseach
(pejorative) A person with poor judgment or little intelligence.

foolhardiness foolhardinesses n
ainbheocht meargántacht
The quality of being foolhardy.

fooling /ˈfuːlɪŋ/ foolings n
airleacánacht amadántacht amaidí
The act of one who fools; foolish behaviour.

foolish /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/ more foolish most foolish adj
leibideach aimhghlic díchéillí
(of a person, an action, etc.) Lacking good sense or judgement; unwise.

foolishness /ˈfuːlɪʃnəs/ foolishnesses n
amadántacht amlógacht baothántacht leibideacht
(uncountable) The state of being foolish.

foosball /ˈfuːsˌbɔːl/ /ˈfuːzˌbɔːl/ n
peil bhoird peil tábla
(chiefly, _, US, Canada) table soccer (US), table football (UK)

fooster v
fústar

foot /fʊt/ [fɤt] [fɤ̈t̚] [fɯ̽t̚] [fɵʔt] [fʉt] [fʉ̞ʔt] [fʊt] [fʊtʰ] [fʊt̚] [fʷʊt̚] feet foot n
cos
A biological structure found in many animals that is used for locomotion and that is frequently a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg.
The base or bottom of anything.
A short foot-like projection on the bottom of an object to support it.
troigh cos
(informal) Ellipsis of cubic foot. A unit of volume.
(informal) Ellipsis of square foot. A unit of area.
A unit of measure equal to twelve inches or one third of a yard, equal to exactly 30.48 centimetres.
(music) A unit of measure for organ pipes equal to the wavelength of two octaves above middle C, approximately 328 mm.
cos troigh
(printing) The base of a piece of type, forming the sides of the groove.
(phonology) The parsing of syllables into prosodic constituents, which are used to determine the placement of stress in languages along with the notions of constituent heads.

foot-and-mouth disease n
galar crúibe is béil
(pathology) A highly contagious and sometimes fatal viral disease that can affect animals with cloven hooves.

football /fʉtbɔl/ /ˈfʊtboːl/ /ˈfʊtbɑl/ /ˈfʊtbɔl/ /ˈfʊtbɔːl/ [ˈfʊʔbɔːl] [ˈfʊʔtbɔɫ] [ˈfʊʔtʰbɔːl] [ˈfʊʔt̚bɔɫ] [ˈfʊʔt̚bɔːl] [ˈfʷʊʔt̚bɑɫ] footballs n
peil sacar
(UK, Africa, Caribbean, South Asia, uncountable) Association football, also called soccer: a game in which two teams each contend to get a round ball into the other team's goal primarily by kicking the ball.
(countable) The ball used in any game called "football".

footballer /ˈfʊtbɔːlə/ /ˈfʊtbɔːləɹ/ footballers n
peileadóir
(soccer, UK) One who plays association football.

footbridge footbridges n
droichead coise droichead coisithe
A bridge over a road, railway, river, etc for pedestrians.

foothold /ˈfʊthoʊld/ footholds n
lán coise
(climbing) A solid grip with the feet.

footman footmen n
giolla cóiste
(historical) A servant who runs in front of his master's carriage.

footnote /ˈfʊtˌnoʊt/ /ˈfʊtˌnəʊt/ footnotes n
fonóta
A short piece of text, often numbered, placed at the bottom of a printed page, that adds a comment, citation, reference etc, to a designated part of the main text.

footrope footropes n
rópa boinn
(nautical) a rope attached to a yard that sailors stood on to stabilize it when furling or reefing

footwear /ˈfʊtwɛə(ɹ)/ footwears n
coisbheart
Items or an item of clothing that is worn on the foot; a shoe, sandal, etc.

fop /fɑp/ /fɒp/ fops n
aibhseoir gaige baothán scóitséir
(dated) A vain man; a dandy.

foppish /ˈfɒp.ɪʃ/ more foppish most foppish adj
stráiciúil
Like a fop, a man overly concerned with his appearance; vain and showy.

for /foː(ɹ)/ /fɔɹ/ /fɔː(ɹ)/ /fɘ(ɹ)/ /fə(ɹ)/ /fə/ /fɚ/ conjunction
arae óir
(formal, literary) Because.

for /foː(ɹ)/ /fɔɹ/ /fɔː(ɹ)/ /fɘ(ɹ)/ /fə(ɹ)/ /fə/ /fɚ/ preposition
faoi choinne do le haghaidh
Directed at; intended to belong to.
ar feadh feadh go ceann le
Over (a period of time).
ar son
In the role or capacity of; instead of; in place of.
faoi choinne ag triall ar ar son faoi dhéin
In order to obtain or acquire.

for God's sake interjection
in ainm Dé!
An exclamation of anger, surprise, or impatience.

for all someone cares phraseologicalUnit
ar scáth ar chuma le
expresses that someone does not care at all about some hypothetical situation becoming reality

for better or worse
bíoch sé le do leas nó le d'aimhleas
No matter what the future may hold (no matter whether it is good or bad).

for example
mar shampla cuir i gcás
(conjunctive) As an example.

for free
in aisce
Without paying; free.

for sale
ar díol le díol
Being offered for purchase.

for the life of one
beo
(colloquial, only with a negative) Even if one's (own) life depended on it; at all.

for the sake of
ar mhaithe le ar scáth ar son as ucht de gheall ar de ghrá
Because of; out of consideration for; in the interest of.

forager /ˈfoɹ.ɪd͡ʒɚ/ /ˈfɑɹ.ɪd͡ʒɚ/ /ˈfɒɹ.ɪd͡ʒə/ [ˈfo̞ɹ.ɪd͡ʒɚ] foragers n
sirtheoir
An animal or person who forages

foraging foragings n
sirtheoireacht
The act of searching for food.

forbearance /foːˈbeə.ɹən(t)s/ /foːˈbiəɹɘn(t)s/ /fɔɹˈbɛɹ.ən(t)s/ /fɔːˈbɛː.ɹən(t)s/ forbearances n
fulaingt
Patient self-control; restraint and tolerance under provocation.

forbid /fəˈbɪd/ /fɚˈbɪd/ v
coisc (ar) éar
(transitive) To disallow; to proscribe.

forbidden /fəˈbɪdn̩/ /fɚˈbɪdn̩/ more forbidden most forbidden adj
coiscthe crosta faoi chosc toirmiscthe
Not allowed; specifically disallowed.

force /fo(ː)ɹs/ /foəs/ /fɔɹs/ /fɔːs/ [fo̞ɹs] forces n
fórsa
Strength or energy of body or mind; active power; vigour; might; capacity of exercising an influence or producing an effect.
Power exerted against will or consent; compulsory power; violence; coercion.
(countable) Anything that is able to make a substantial change in a person or thing.
(countable, physics) A physical quantity that denotes ability to push, pull, twist or accelerate a body and which has a direction and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance/time² (ML/T²): SI: newton (N); CGS: dyne (dyn)
(countable) A group that aims to attack, control, or constrain.
éifeacht
Something or anything that has the power to produce a physical effect upon something else, such as causing it to move or change shape.

forceful /ˈfɔɹsfəl/ more forceful most forceful adj
fórsúil láthair
Capable of either physical or coercive force; powerful.

forcemeat forcemeats n
mionfheoil spíosraithe
(cooking) An emulsion of fat and comminuted meat (which has been subject to puréeing, grinding, sieving, chopping finely) optionally mixed with other flavour carriers and either served up alone or used as a stuffing.

forces /ˈfo(ː)ɹ.sɪz/ /ˈfoə.sɪz/ /ˈfɔɹ.sɪz/ /ˈfɔː.sɪz/ n
fórsaí
(military, only plural) Troops.

forcing /ˈfɔɹ.sɪŋ/ /ˈfɔː(ɹ).sɪŋ/ forcings n
fórsáil luathbhorradh
(horticulture) The art of raising plants at an earlier season than is normal, especially by using a hotbed

ford /fo(ː)ɹd/ /foəd/ /fɔɹd/ /fɔːd/ fords n
áth
A location where a stream is shallow and the bottom has good footing, making it possible to cross from one side to the other with no bridge, by walking, riding, or driving through the water; a crossing.

forearm /ˈfɔɹˌɑɹm/ /ˈfɔːˌɹɑːm/ /ˌfɔɹˈɑɹm/ /ˌfɔːˈɹɑːm/ forearms n
rí
The part of the arm between the wrist and the elbow.

forecast /ˈfɔɹkæst/ /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ forecasts n
réamhaisnéis
An estimation of a future condition.

forecastle /ˈfoɹ.kæ.səl/ /ˈfoʊk.səl/ forecastles n
deic thosaigh
(nautical) A raised part of the upper deck at the front of a ship.
caiseal tosaigh
(nautical) Crew's quarters located at the forward part of a ship.

forecourt forecourts n
urlios
(chiefly, British) Any open area in front of a building.

forefront /fo(ː)ɹfɹʌnt/ /foəfɹʌnt/ /ˈfɔɹfɹʌnt/ /ˈfɔːfɹʌnt/ forefronts n
urthosach
The leading position or edge.

forehead /ˈfɑɹɪd/ /ˈfɒɹɛd/ /ˈfɒɹɪd/ /ˈfɔɹɛd/ /ˈfɔɹɪd/ /ˈfɔɹˌhɛd/ /ˈfɔː(ɹ)hɛd/ /ˈfɔːɹɛd/ foreheads n
clár éadain
(countable) The part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline.

foreign /ˈfɑɹɪn/ /ˈfɒɹən/ /ˈfɒɹɪn/ /ˈfɔɹən/ /ˈfɔɹɪn/ more foreign most foreign adj
allúrach coimhthíoch
Located outside a country or place, especially one's own.
eachtrach allúrach coimhthíoch iasachta
Originating from, characteristic of, belonging to, or being a citizen of a country or place other than the one under discussion.
coimhthíoch
Relating to a different nation.
(with to, formerly with from) Alien; strange; uncharacteristic.

foreign affairs n
gnóthaí eachtracha
Policy of a government in dealing with other countries or with activities overseas.
A government office or department charged with handling relations with other countries.

foreign language foreign languages n
teanga iasachta
A language that is not widely or officially spoken in a particular place.

foreign policy foreign policies n
polasaí eachtrach
A government's policy relating to relations with other nations and international organisations.

foreigner /ˈfɑɹ.ɪ.nɚ/ /ˈfɒɹ.ɪ.nə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɔɹ.ɪ.nɚ/ foreigners n
coimhthíoch eachtrannach
A person from a foreign country.

foreman /ˈfɔː(ɹ)mən/ foremen n
maor
(management) The leader of a work crew.

forensic medicine n
dlí-eolaíocht mhíochaine
The application of medical science to criminal investigation, especially in establishing the causes of injury or death.

foreplay /ˈfɔː(ɹ)pleɪ/ n
réamhshúgradh
In human sexual behavior, the acts at the beginning of a sexual encounter that serve to build up sexual arousal.

forequarter forequarters n
ceathrú thosaigh
The foreleg, shoulder and surrounding area of the body of a quadruped.

foreshadowing foreshadowings n
tuar
(literature, usually, uncountable) A literary device whereby an author drops hints or symbolic representations of plot developments to come later in the story.

foresheet foresheets n
tile tosaigh
(nautical) one of the sheets (ropes) that controls the foresail

foreshock foreshocks n
réamhchrith
(geology) A small earth tremor which precedes the mainshock in an earthquake sequence. Not all mainshocks have foreshocks.

foresight /ˈfo(ː)ɹsaɪt/ /ˈfoəsaɪt/ /ˈfɔɹsaɪt/ /ˈfɔːsaɪt/ foresights n
fadbhreathnaitheacht fadcheann
The ability to foresee or prepare wisely for the future.

foreskin /ˈfo(ː)ɹskɪn/ /ˈfoəskɪn/ /ˈfɔɹskɪn/ /ˈfɔːskɪn/ foreskins n
forchraiceann
(anatomy) The nerve-dense, retractable fold of skin which covers and protects the head of the penis in humans and some other mammals.

forest /fɔɹst/ /ˈfɑɹəst/ /ˈfɑɹɪst/ /ˈfɒɹɪst/ /ˈfɔɹəst/ n
coill foraois
A dense uncultivated tract of trees and undergrowth, larger than woods.

forest /fɔɹst/ /ˈfɑɹəst/ /ˈfɑɹɪst/ /ˈfɒɹɪst/ /ˈfɔɹəst/ v
coilltigh foraoisigh
(transitive) To cover an area with trees.

forest fire forest fires n
dóiteán foraoise
A fire, often large, that consumes a forest or woodland.

forested more forested most forested adj
foraoiseach foraoisithe
Covered in forest.

forester foresters n
foraoiseoir
A person who practices forestry.

forestry /ˈfɑɹ.ɪst.ɹi/ /ˈfɒɹ.ɪst.ɹi/ forestries n
cranneolaíocht foraoiseacht foraoiseolaíocht
(uncountable) The science of planting and growing trees in forests.
(uncountable) The art and practice of planting and growing trees in forests.
(uncountable) The art and practice of cultivating, exploiting and renewing forests for commercial purposes.
(uncountable) Commercial tree farming.

foretell /fɔɹˈtɛl/ [foː.ˈteɫ] [fɔɹ.ˈtɛɫ] [fɔː.ˈtɛɫ] v
tairngir tuar
(ambitransitive) To predict; to tell (the future) before it occurs; to prophesy.

forever /fəˈɹɛvə(ɹ)/ /fəˈɹɛvɚ/ [fɔɹˈɛvɚ] [fəˈɹɛvɚ] [fɚˈɛvɚ] adv
go bráth go deo
(duration) For all time, for all eternity; for a lifetime; for an infinite amount of time.

foreword /ˈfɔɹwɚd/ /ˈfɔɹwɝd/ /ˈfɔːwɜːd/ forewords n
réamhrá
An introductory section preceding the main text of a book or other document; a preface or introduction.

forfeit /ˈfɔɹ.fɪt/ /ˈfɔː.fɪt/ forfeits n
pionós
A penalty for or consequence of a misdemeanor.

forge /fo(ː)ɹd͡ʒ/ /foəd͡ʒ/ /fɔɹd͡ʒ/ /fɔːd͡ʒ/ forges n
ceárta
A workshop in which metals are shaped by heating and hammering them.

forget /fɔɹˈɡɛt/ /fɔːˈɡɛt/ /fəˈɡɛt/ /fɚˈɡɛt/ v
dearmad
(transitive) To lose remembrance of.

forget-me-not /fəˈɡɛt.miːˌnɒt/ /fɚˈɡɛt.miˌnɑt/ forget-me-nots n
lus míonla
Any of the flowering plants of the genus Myosotis, mostly with a small five-petalled blue flower.

forgetful more forgetful most forgetful adj
dearmadach
Unable to remember things well; liable to forget.

forgive /fɔː(ɹ)ˈɡɪv/ /fə(ɹ)ˈɡɪv/ /fɚˈɡɪv/ v
maith
(transitive) To pardon (someone); to waive any negative feeling towards or desire for punishment or retribution against.
(transitive) To pardon for (something); to waive any negative feeling over or retribution for.

forgiveness /fəˈɡɪvnəs/ /fɚˈɡɪvnəs/ forgivenesses n
maitheamh
The action of forgiving.

fork /foɹk/ /fɔ(ː)ɹk/ /fɔːk/ [fo̞ɹk] forks n
gabhlóg forc
Such a pronged tool having a long straight handle, generally for two-handed use, as used for digging, lifting, mucking, pitching, etc.
píce
Any of several types of pronged (tined) tools (physical tools), as follows:
gabhal
(chess) The simultaneous attack of two adversary pieces with one single attacking piece (especially a knight).
(cycling, motorcycles, by abstraction from a pronged tool's shape) In a bicycle or motorcycle, the portion of the frameset holding the front wheel, allowing the rider to steer and balance, also called front fork.

fork /foɹk/ /fɔ(ː)ɹk/ /fɔːk/ [fo̞ɹk] v
píceáil
(transitive) To move with a fork (as hay or food).

forked /fɔː(ɹ)kt/ adj
glacach
That splits into two or more directions, or parts.

forklift forklifts n
forcardaitheoir
A small industrial vehicle with a power-operated fork-like pronged platform that can be raised and lowered for insertion under a load, often on pallets, to be lifted and moved.

forlorn /fɔɹˈlɔɹn/ /fɔːˈlɔːn/ /fəˈlɔːn/ /fɚˈlɔɹn/ forlorner forlornest more forlorn most forlorn adj
dearóil
Pitifully sad, wretched, miserable; lonely, especially from feeling abandoned, deserted, forsaken.

formal language formal languages n
teanga fhoirmiúil
(computing theory) A set of finite strings (called words) made of symbols (from a finite set of symbols, called an alphabet).

formality formalities n
foirmiúlacht
(uncountable) The state of being formal.

formation /foːˈmæɪ.ʃən/ /fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /fɔːˈmeɪ.ʃən/ formations n
fíor
(military) A grouping of military units or smaller formations under a command, such as a brigade, division, wing, etc. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
(military) An arrangement of moving troops, ships, or aircraft, such as a wedge, line abreast, or echelon. Often "in formation".

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia pn
Iar-Phoblacht Iúgslavach na Macadóine Poblacht Iar-Iúgslavach na Macadóine
A provisional designation (because of a naming dispute with Greece) formerly used by many international organizations to refer to the Republic of North Macedonia, a country on the Balkan Peninsula. (Abbreviated FYROM.)

formic acid n
aigéad formach
(carboxylic acid) The simplest carboxylic acid, HCOOH, a colourless, corrosive liquid with a sharp odour systematically known as methanoic acid; it is present in the stings of ants, bees and nettles, and is prepared industrially by the oxidation of methanol or formaldehyde; it has some industrial uses, and its esters, the formates are used in perfumes.

formidable /fɔːɹˈmɪdəbəl/ /fɔːˈmɪdəbəl/ /fəˈmɪdəbəl/ /ˈfɔːɹmɪdəbəl/ more formidable most formidable adj
do-iongabhála forránta gríobhach iontach ollmhór scanrúil
Causing fear, dread, awe, or discouragement as a result of size, strength, or some other impressive feature; commanding respect; causing wonder or astonishment.

formula /ˈfɔɹ.mjə.lə/ /ˈfɔː.mjʊ.lə/ formulae formulas formulæ n
foirmle
(mathematics) Any mathematical rule expressed symbolically.
(chemistry) A symbolic expression of the structure of a compound.

fornicator /fɔː(ɹ).nɪ.keɪ.tə(ɹ)/ fornicators n
táthach
An unmarried person who engages in sexual intercourse, especially when considered to be of an illicit or illegal nature.

forsake /fɔɹˈseɪk/ /fɔːˈseɪk/ /fə-/ v
tréig
(transitive) To abandon, to give up, to leave (permanently), to renounce (someone or something).

forsaken /fɔɹˈseɪkən/ more forsaken most forsaken adj
fágtha tréigthe
Deserted; abandoned.

fort /fo(ː)ɹt/ /foət/ /fɔɹt/ /fɔːt/ forts n
dún daingean
A fortified defensive structure stationed with troops.

fortieth /ˈfɔɹ.ti.əθ/ /ˈfɔː.ti.əθ/ adj
daicheadú ceathrachadú
The ordinal form of the number forty.

fortify /ˈfɔɹtəˌfaɪ/ /ˈfɔːtɪfaɪ/ [-ɾə-] v
daingnigh neartaigh
To give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something); to strengthen.

fortnight /ˈfɔɹt.naɪt/ /ˈfɔɹt.nɪt/ /ˈfɔːt.naɪt/ fortnights n
coicís
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, dated) A period of 2 weeks.

fortnightly adj
coicísiúil
Occurring once in a fortnight; once every two weeks.

fortnightly adv
gach coicís gach dara seachtain
once in a fortnight; once every two weeks

fortnightly fortnightlies n
coicíseán
A publication issued fortnightly (once every two weeks).

fortress /ˈfoɹ.tɹəs/ /ˈfoɹ.tɹɪs/ /ˈfɔ(ː)ɹ.tɹəs/ /ˈfɔː.tɹəs/ fortresses n
dún
A fortified place; a large and permanent fortification, sometimes including a town; for example a fort, a castle; a stronghold; a place of defense or security.

fortunate /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nət/ /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt/ /ˈfɔɹt͡ʃ.nət/ /ˈfɔɹt͡ʃ.nɪt/ /ˈfɔː.t͡ʃə.nət/ /ˈfɔː.t͡ʃə.nɪt/ more fortunate most fortunate adj
ádhúil
méanar sonasach
Happening by good luck or favorable chance.

fortune /-t͡ʃən/ /ˈfoɹt͡ʃun/ /ˈfɔːt͡ʃuːn/ fortunes n
cinniúint
Destiny, especially favorable.

fortune-teller /-t͡ʃən ˈtɛlɚ/ /ˈfoɹt͡ʃun ˈtɛlɚ/ /ˈfɔːt͡ʃuːn ˈtɛlə/ fortune-tellers n
bean feasa
A person who professes to predict the future in return for money.

forty /ˈfɔɹti/ /ˈfɔːtiː/ [ˈfɑɹɾij] [ˈfɔɹɾi] numeral
daichead
The cardinal number occurring after thirty-nine and before forty-one.

forum selection clause forum selection clauses n
comhaontú lena dtugtar dlínse
A contractual provision determining the territorial (or less often only international, or subject matter) jurisdiction for a legal dispute concerning a concrete legal relationship.

forward /foːd/ /ˈfoʊwəɹd/ /ˈfoːwəd/ /ˈfɔɹwəɹd/ /ˈfɔɹəɹd/ /ˈfɔːwəd/ adj
dalba forránach urrúsach
Without customary restraint or modesty; bold, cheeky, pert, presumptuous or pushy.

forward /foːd/ /ˈfoʊwəɹd/ /ˈfoːwəd/ /ˈfɔɹwəɹd/ /ˈfɔɹəɹd/ /ˈfɔːwəd/ adv
ar aghaidh
(nautical) At, near, or towards the bow of a vessel (with the frame of reference within the vessel).

fossa /ˈfuː.sə/ /ˈfɑ.sə/ /ˈfɒ.sə/ /ˈfɔ.sə/ /ˈfʊ.sə/ fossas n
fosa
A large nocturnal reddish-brown catlike mammal (Cryptoprocta ferox) of the civet family, endemic to the rainforests of Madagascar. It is slender, long-tailed and has retractile claws and anal scent glands.

fossa /ˈfɑ.sə/ /ˈfɒ.sə/ /ˈfɔ.sə/ fossae fossæ n
clais log
(anatomy) A pit, groove, cavity, or depression.

fossil /ˈfɑsl̩/ /ˈfɒsl̩/ fossils n
iontaise
The mineralized remains of an animal or plant.
(paleontology) Any preserved evidence of ancient life, including shells, imprints, burrows, coprolites, and organically-produced chemicals.

foster /ˈfɑstɚ/ /ˈfɒstə/ /ˈfɔstɚ/ v
altramaigh máithrigh oil
(transitive) To nurture or bring up offspring, or to provide similar parental care to an unrelated child.

foster care n
cúram altrama daltachas
A formal system by which a child is cared for, in a foster family, by people other than its own parents, but without being adopted.

foster child foster children n
dalta páiste altrama
A child in foster care; a child in one's foster care, in relation to oneself.

foster father foster fathers n
athair altrama oide
A male adult who cares for a child who has been placed in foster care.

foster home foster homes n
baile altrama áras altrama
A household in which a child or animal is raised by someone other than their natural or adoptive parent or owner (respectively), especially, in the case of a child, when that caregiver is otherwise unrelated to the child.

foster mother foster mothers n
buime máthair altrama
A female adult who cares for a child who has been placed in foster care.

foster parent foster parents n
altramaí
An adult who cares for a child who has been placed in foster care.

fosterage fosterages n
altram altramas altramú daltachas
The act of fostering another's child as if it were one's own.
The act of caring for another human being or animal.
The act of promoting or encouraging something.
daltachas
The condition of being the foster child.

fosterer fosterers n
altramaí oiliúnóir
One who fosters; one who is designated to care for and nurture someone.

foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/ [faʊ̯nˈdeɪ̯ʃn̩] foundations n
bunsraith
That upon which anything is founded; that on which anything stands, and by which it is supported; the lowest and supporting layer of a superstructure; underbuilding.
(architecture) The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.

founder /ˈfaʊn.də/ /ˈfaʊn.dɚ/ founders n
bunaitheoir bunfhréamh cumhdaitheoir fondúir
One who founds or establishes (a company, project, organisation, state, etc.).
teilgeoir
One who casts metals in various forms; a caster.

fountain pen fountain pens n
peann tobair
A pen containing a reservoir of ink, which is fed to a writing nib automatically.

four /fo(ː)ɹ/ /foə/ /foʊ/ /foː/ /fɔɹ/ /fɔː/ numeral
ceathair ceithre
A numerical value equal to 4; the number after three and before five; two plus two. This many dots (••••)

four-stroke engine four-stroke engines n
mótar ceathairbhuilleach
An engine that works on the four-stroke principle.

four-wheel drive four-wheel drives n
feithicil faoi thiomáint ceithre roth tiomáint ceithre roth
(uncountable) the type of vehicle transmission system.

fourscore /ˈfɔɹskɔɹ/ /ˈfɔːskɔː/ numeral
cheithre fichid
(now, _, archaic) Eighty.
(idiomatic) A full-length life, reckoned as eighty years.

fourteen /ˈfɔɹ.tin/ /ˈfɔː.tiːn/ /ˌfɔɹtˈtin/ /ˌfɔːˈtiːn/ numeral
ceathair déag
The cardinal number occurring after thirteen and before fifteen, represented in Roman numerals as XIV and in Arabic numerals as 14.

fourteenth /ˌfɔɹˈtiːnθ/ /ˌfɔːˈtiːnθ/ adj
an ceathrú ... déag
The ordinal form of the number fourteen.

fourth /fo(ː)ɹθ/ /foəθ/ /fɔɹθ/ /fɔːθ/ adj
ceathrú
The ordinal form of the number four.

fowl /faʊl/ fowl fowls n
éanlaith
Birds which are hunted or kept for food, including Galliformes and also waterfowl of the order Anseriformes such as ducks, geese and swans, together forming the clade Galloanserae.

fowler /ˈfaʊlə(ɹ)/ fowlers n
foghlaeir
A hunter of wildfowl.

fox /fɑks/ /fɒks/ foxen foxes n
sionnach madra rua
A red fox, small carnivore (Vulpes vulpes), related to dogs and wolves, with red or silver fur and a bushy tail.
(slang, metaphor) A cunning person.
madra rua sionnach
Any of numerous species of small wild canids resembling the red fox. In the taxonomy they form the tribe Vulpini within the family Canidae, consisting of nine genera (see the Wikipedia article on the fox).

foxglove foxgloves n
lus mór méaracán dearg
Digitalis, a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous biennials native to the Old World, certain of which are prized for their showy flowers. The drug digitalis or digoxin was first isolated from the plant.

foxy /ˈfɑksi/ /ˈfɒksi/ foxier foxiest adj
sionnachúil
Having the qualities of a fox.
mealltach téisiúil
(informal) Attractive, sexy (of a woman).

foyer /fɔɪˈeɪ/ /ˈfoɪ.ə/ /ˈfɔɪ.eɪ/ /ˈfɔɪ.ɝ/ foyers n
forhalla
A lobby, corridor, or waiting room, used in a hotel, theater, etc.

fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/ fractions n
codán
A part of a whole, especially a comparatively small part.
(arithmetic) A ratio of two numbers (numerator and denominator), usually written one above the other and separated by a horizontal bar called the vinculum or, alternatively, in sequence on the same line and separated by a solidus (diagonal bar).

fraction slash fraction slashes n
fleascach

fragility /fɹəˈd͡ʒɪlɪti/ fragilities n
leochaileacht sobhristeacht
The condition or quality of being fragile; brittleness; frangibility.
laige
Weakness; feebleness.

fragment /fɹæɡˈmɛnt/ /ˈfɹæɡmənt/ /ˈfɹæɡmɛnt/ fragments n
boim
A part broken off; a small, detached portion; an imperfect part, either physically or not
(computing) An incomplete portion of code.

fragrant /ˈfɹeɪ.ɡɹənt/ more fragrant most fragrant adj
cumhra
Sweet-smelling; having a pleasant (usually strong) scent or fragrance.

frail /fɹeɪl/ frailer frailest adj
aibrisc

frailty /ˈfɹeɪ(ə)lti/ frailties n
aibrisce anbhainne laige leochaileacht neamhsheasmhacht
(uncountable) The condition quality of being frail, physically, mentally, or morally; weakness of resolution; liability to be deceived.

frame /fɹeɪm/ v
cuir i bhfráma
(transitive) Of a picture such as a painting or photograph, to place inside a decorative border.

franc /fɹæŋk/ francs n
franc
A former unit of currency of France, Belgium and Luxembourg, replaced by the euro.
Any of several units of currency, some of which are multi-national (West African CFA Franc (XOF), Central African CFA Franc (XAF), the Swiss franc (CHF)) while others are national currencies.

franchise /ˈfɹænt͡ʃaɪ̯z/ franchises n
ceart vótála toghchóras
The right to vote at a public election or referendum; see: suffrage.

francium /ˈfɹansɪəm/ /ˈfɹænsi.əm/ /ˈfɹɑːnsɪəm/ franciums n
frainciam
The chemical element (symbol Fr) with an atomic number of 87. It is an intensely radioactive alkali metal that is not found in nature.

frank /fɹeɪŋk/ /fɹæŋk/ franker frankest adj
oscailteach
honest, especially in a manner that seems slightly blunt; candid; not reserved or disguised.

frankincense /ˈfɹæŋkənˌsɛns/ frankincenses n
túis
A type of incense obtained from the Boswellia thurifera tree.

frankness /ˈfɹæŋknɛs/ franknesses n
oscailteacht
The state of being frank; candour; honesty.

fraternal /fɹəˈtɝnəl/ more fraternal most fraternal adj
bráithriúil bráthartha deartháiriúil
Of or pertaining to a brother or brothers.

fraud /fɹɑd/ /fɹɔd/ /fɹɔːd/ frauds n
calaois
Any act of deception carried out for the purpose of unfair, undeserved or unlawful gain.

fraudulent /ˈfɹɑ.d͡ʒə.lənt/ /ˈfɹɑd͡ʒ.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔ.d͡ʒə.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔː.djə.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔː.djʊ.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔː.dʒə.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔː.dʒʊ.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔːdʒ.lənt/ more fraudulent most fraudulent adj
séitéartha
Dishonest; based on fraud or deception.

freckle /ˈfɹɛkəl/ freckles n
breicne
A small brownish or reddish pigmentation spot on the surface of the skin.

free /fɹiː/ [fɹɪi̯] freer freest more free most free adj
saor
Not imprisoned or enslaved.
(software) With no or only freedom-preserving limitations on distribution or modification.
Unobstructed, without blockages.
saor gan
Without obligations.
saor scaoilte éasca
(abstract) Unconstrained.

free /fɹiː/ [fɹɪi̯] more free most free adv
saor
Without needing to pay.

free /fɹiː/ [fɹɪi̯] frees n
poc saor
(hurling) The usual means of restarting play after a foul is committed, where the non-offending team restarts from where the foul was committed.

free /fɹiː/ [fɹɪi̯] v
fuascail saor
(transitive) To make free; set at liberty; release.

free kick free kicks n
cic saor saorchic
(American football, association football, Australian rules football, rugby, other ballgames) a kick in which a player may kick the ball without interference from the opposition. Such a kick may be awarded for a foul by the opposition, or earned by a player such as by taking a mark.

free market /ˈfɹi ˈmɑɹkət/ /ˌfɹi ˈmɑɹkət/ free markets n
margadh oscailte
(economics) Any market in which trade is unregulated by government; an economic system free from government intervention.

free of charge adj
in aisce
Not requiring any payment.

free state free states n
saorstát
A political entity whose political status is less than that of a fully sovereign nation-state, as with the former Congo Free State and the former Irish Free State.

free will n
saorthoil
(philosophy, Christianity) The ability to choose one's actions and make choices that are not predetermined by predestination, fate, etc.

freedom /ˈfɹidəm/ /ˈfɹiːdəm/ freedoms n
saoirse
(uncountable) The state of being free, of not being imprisoned or enslaved.
(countable) The lack of a specific constraint, or of constraints in general; a state of being free, unconstrained.

freelance /ˈfɹiˌlæns/ /ˈfɹiːlɑːns/ more freelance most freelance adj
neamhspleách
Of, or relating to a freelance; without employment contract.

freeloader /ˈfɹiloʊdɚ/ /ˈfɹiːləʊdə(ɹ)/ freeloaders n
diúgaire súmaire
(colloquial) One who does not contribute or pay appropriately; one who gets a free ride, etc. without paying a fair share.

freesia /ˈfɹi.ʒə/ freesias n
fríse
Any flowering plant of the genus Freesia, native to South Africa.

freeze /ˈfɹiːz/ v
reoigh cuisnigh oighrigh sioc téacht
(intransitive, copulative) Especially of a liquid, to become solid due to low temperature.
(transitive) To lower something's temperature to the point that it freezes or becomes hard.
(figuratively) To lose or cause to lose warmth of feeling; to shut out; to ostracize.

french fries n
sceallóga
(chiefly, North America) Strips of deep-fried potatoes that have been frenched (cut into strips). [from 1903]

frequent /ˈfɹiː.kwənt/ frequenter frequentest more frequent most frequent adj
minic
Done or occurring often; common.

frequent /fɹɪˈkwɛnt/ v
minicigh
(transitive) To visit often.

frequently /ˈfɹiː.kwənt.li/ more frequently most frequently adv
go minic
At frequent intervals.

fresh /fɹɛʃ/ fresher freshest adj
úr
Newly produced or obtained; recent.
(of food) Not dried, frozen, or spoiled.
Rested; not tired or fatigued.
In a raw or untried state; uncultured; unpracticed.

fresh as a daisy adj
pioctha péacach
(simile, of someone's appearance) Very fresh; well-rested.

fresh water fresh waters n
fionnuisce fíoruisce
Water with a very low content of dissolved salt, as opposed to brackish water or salt water.

freshen /ˈfɹɛʃən/ v
beoigh úraigh
To refresh; to revive; to renew.

freshwater /ˈfɹɛʃˌwɔːtə(ɹ)/ adj
fionnuisce
Living in fresh water.
Consisting of fresh water.
úruisce
(nautical) Unskilled as a seaman.

freshwater /ˈfɹɛʃˌwɔːtə(ɹ)/ freshwaters n
fionnuisce
(countable) A body of fresh water

freshwater pearl mussel freshwater pearl mussels n
diúilicín péarla fionnuisce
An endangered species of freshwater mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera, capable of producing quality pearls.

fretful /ˈfɹɛtfəl/ more fretful most fretful adj
aingí
Irritable, bad-tempered, grumpy or peevish.

friable /ˈfɹaɪəbl̩/ more friable most friable adj
briosc
Easily broken into small fragments, crumbled, or reduced to powder.

friar /ˈfɹaɪə/ /ˈfɹaɪɚ/ friars n
bráthair coirneach
A member of a mendicant Christian order such as the Augustinians, Carmelites (white friars), Franciscans (grey friars) or the Dominicans (black friars).

friar's balsam n
balsam na manach
(medicine) An alcoholic solution of benzoin, styrax, tolu balsam, and aloes, used as an inhalant and to treat damaged skin.

friary /ˈfɹaɪəɹi/ friaries n
mainistir
house or dwelling where friars or members of certain religious communities live

fried rice fried rices n
rís ubhfhriochta
Any of very many forms of rice that are first cooked by boiling and then stir-fried with other ingredients

friend /frɪnd/ /fɹɛnd/ [fɹ̥ɛnd̥] friends n
cara
A person, typically someone other than a family member, spouse or lover, whose company one enjoys and towards whom one feels affection.
(euphemistic) A lover; a boyfriend or girlfriend.
cara comrádaí
A person with whom one is vaguely or indirectly acquainted.

friendliness /ˈfɹɛndlinəs/ friendlinesses n
cairdiúlacht
The quality of being friendly.

friendly /ˈfɹɛn.li/ /ˈfɹɛnd.li/ friendlier friendliest more friendly most friendly adj
cairdiúil carthanach coimhirseach comhbhách córtasach dea-mhuinteartha
Generally warm, approachable and easy to relate with in character.
mór le
Having an easy or accepting relationship with something.

friendship /ˈfɹɛn(d)ʃɪp/ friendships n
cumann
(uncountable) The condition of being friends.

frigatebird /ˈfɹɪ.ɡətˌbɝd/ frigatebirds n
frigéad
Any of five species of bird in the genus Fregata, the only genus in the family Fregatidae.

fright /fɹaɪt/ /fɹʌit/ frights n
scanradh scéin
A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm.

frighten /ˈfɹaɪ.tən/ [ˈfɹ̥aɪtn̩] [ˈfɹ̥aɪʔn̩] v
cuir eagla ar scanraigh
(transitive) To cause to feel fear; to scare; to cause to feel alarm or fright.

frightening /ˈfɹaɪtnɪŋ/ /ˈfɹaɪtənɪŋ/ more frightening most frightening adj
scanrúil scéiniúil
Causing fear; of capable of causing fear; scary.

frightful /ˈfɹaɪtfəl/ more frightful most frightful adj
scanrúil
Full of something causing fright, whether

frigid /ˈfɹɪd͡ʒɪd/ frigider frigidest more frigid most frigid adj
fuarchúiseach
Chilly in manner; lacking affection or zeal; impassive.

fringe /fɹɪnd͡ʒ/ fringes n
ciumhais
(also, figurative) A marginal or peripheral part.
colbha cathrach
A group of people situated on the periphery of a larger community.

frisky /ˈfɹɪski/ friskier friskiest adj
damhsach foléimneach
Abounding in energy or playfulness.
macnasach
(informal) Sexually aroused.

fritter /ˈfɹɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɹɪtɚ/ [ˈfɹɪɾɚ] fritters n
friochtóg
A dish made by deep-frying food coated in batter.

fritter /ˈfɹɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɹɪtɚ/ [ˈfɹɪɾɚ] v
smiot

fritter away v
meath
(transitive) To squander or waste.

frock /fɹɑk/ /fɹɒk/ frocks n
gúna
An outer garment worn by priests and other clericals; a habit.

frog /fɹɑɡ/ /fɹɒɡ/ /fɹɔɡ/ frogs n
frog loscann loscán
Any of a class of small tailless amphibians of the order Anura that typically hop.
frog
An organ on the bottom of a horse’s hoof that assists in the circulation of blood.
froga
(rail transport) The part of a railway switch or turnout where the running-rails cross (from the resemblance to the frog in a horse’s hoof).

frogspawn n
glóthach fhroig sceathrach fhroig sceith fhroig
A gelatinous mass of frogs' eggs, laid in ponds and ditches.

frolicsome more frolicsome most frolicsome adj
aerach foléimneach
Characterised or marked by frolicking; playful.

from /fɹɒm/ /fɹəm/ /fɹʌm/ preposition
ó
With reference to the location or position of a speaker or other observer or vantage point.

from dawn to dusk
ó dhubh go dubh
(duration) From sunrise to sunset.

from now on adv
as seo amach feasta uaidh seo amach
Starting from this moment and continuing indefinitely.

from pillar to post adv
ó thor go tom
(idiomatic) From one place (or person, or task) to another; from post to pillar, hither and thither.

from the bottom of one's heart
ó mo chroí amach
In earnest; sincerely; with one's full feeling.

from the get-go
ón tús ar fad
(idiomatic, colloquial) From the very beginning; from the outset; immediately upon starting.

from time to time
ó am go ham
(idiomatic) Occasionally; sometimes; once in a while.

front /fɹʌnt/ fronts n
dreach

front garden front gardens n
gairdín tosaigh garraí tosaigh
A garden at the front of a property.

front line front lines n
líne thosaigh
(military) A front, or a boundary between opposing positions.

front yard front yards n
clós tosaigh
(US, Canada) A yard to the front of a house or similar residence, typically having a lawn and often trees, shrubs, and/or flowers.
(UK) An enclosed and often primarily utilitarian area to the front of a house or similar residence, typically having a hard surface or paving.

frontal lobe frontal lobes n
maothán tosaigh
(anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain, located behind the forehead.

frost /fɹɑst/ /fɹɒst/ /fɹɔst/ frosts n
sioc cuisne reo siocán
A cover of minute ice crystals on objects that are exposed to the air. Frost is formed by the same process as dew, except that the temperature of the frosted object is below freezing.

frostbite frostbites n
dó seaca
An injury suffered as a result of freezing of some part of the body, typically fingers, toes or the nose.

froth /fɹɑθ/ /fɹɒθ/ /fɹɔθ/ froths n
cúr
Foam.

frothy frothier frothiest adj
sobalach
Foamy or churned to the point of becoming infused with bubbles.

frown /fɹaʊn/ frowns n
púic
A wrinkling of the forehead with the eyebrows brought together, typically indicating displeasure, severity, or concentration.

frozen /ˈfɹoʊzən/ /ˈfɹəʊzən/ more frozen most frozen adj
reoite
Having undergone the process of freezing; in ice form.

frugal /ˈfɹuːɡəl/ more frugal most frugal adj
spárálach
Avoiding unnecessary expenditure either of money or of anything else which is to be used or consumed; avoiding waste.

frugality /fɹuːˈɡæləti/ frugalities n
baileachas cruinneas spárálacht tíosaíocht
The quality of being frugal; prudent economy; thrift.

fruit /fɹut/ /fɹuːt/ /fɹʉt/ fruits n
toradh
(botany) A product of fertilization in a plant, specifically:
The spores of cryptogams and their accessory organs.
A sweet or sweetish vegetable, such as the petioles of rhubarb, that resembles a true fruit or is used in cookery as if it was a fruit.
Any sweet or sour, edible part of a plant that resembles seed-bearing fruit (see former sense) even if it does not develop from a floral ovary.
An end result, effect, or consequence; advantageous or disadvantageous result.
(attributive) Of, belonging to, related to, or having fruit or its characteristics; (of living things) producing or consuming fruit.
(dated, colloquial, derogatory) A homosexual man; (derogatory, figurative) an effeminate man. [from 1900]
(archaic) Offspring from a sexual union.
(informal) A crazy person.
toradh meas
The seed-bearing part of a plant; often edible, colourful, fragrant, and sweet or sour; produced from a floral ovary after fertilization.

fruit salad fruit salads n
sailéad torthaí
A mixture of freshly cut fruit, sometimes with the addition of alcohol or yogurt, often served as a dessert.

fruitcake /ˈfɹuːt.keɪk/ fruitcakes n
císte torthaí
A cake containing dried fruits and, optionally, nuts, citrus peel and spice.

fruitful /ˈfɹuːtfəl/ more fruitful most fruitful adj
méiniúil méith torthúil
Favourable to the growth of fruit or useful vegetation; not barren.

fry /fɹaɪ/ n
gealóg
Young fish; fishlings.

fry /fɹaɪ/ v
frioch
(transitive) To cook (something) in hot fat.

fuck off v
téigh trasna ort féin
To go to hell; to disappear or go away; to screw oneself.

fuel /ˈfjuːl/ /ˈfjuːəl/ /ˈfjʊəl/ /ˈfɪu̯(ə)l/ [ˈfjuwəɫ] fuels n
breosla
Substance consumed to provide energy through combustion, or through chemical or nuclear reaction.

fug /fʌɡ/ v
plúchadh
To create a fug (heavy unpleasant atmosphere).

fugacity /fjuːˈɡæsɪti/ fugacities n
éalaitheacht
(physics) A measure of the relative stability of different phases of a substance under the same conditions.

fulcrum /ˈfʊlk.ɹəm/ /ˈfʌlk.ɹəm/ fulcra fulcrums n
borradh buthal
(mechanics) The support about which a lever pivots.

fulfill /fəˈfɪl/ /fʊlˈfɪl/ v
comhlíon
(transitive) To satisfy, carry out, bring to completion (an obligation, a requirement, etc.).
(transitive) To obey, follow, comply with (a rule, requirement etc.).

full /fʉl/ /fʊl/ [fʊɫ] fuller fullest more full most full adj
lán
Containing the maximum possible amount that can fit in the space available.
lán líonmhar
Complete; with nothing omitted.
(of garments) Of a size that is ample, wide, or having ample folds or pleats to be comfortable.
iomlán lán
Total, entire.

full employment n
lánfhostaíocht
(economics, politics) A policy goal state in which all those wanting employment at the prevailing wages can find it.

full moon full moons n
gealach lán iomlán gealaí lán na ré lánré
The phase of the moon when it is in opposition to the sun and its full disc is therefore visible.

full name full names n
ainm iomlán
The complete name of a person, including first name, any middle names, and surname.

full stop /ˌfʊl ˈstɒp/ full stops n
lánstad ponc
(Australia, British, India, Ireland, NZ, South Africa) The punctuation mark "." (indicating the end of a sentence or marking an abbreviation).

full up adj
comhlán
Filled to satiety.

full-figured adj
téagartha
(of a person, especially a woman) Fat; plump.

full-length adj
lánfhada
Not shortened; complete and uncut.
(arts, of a painting, a sculpture or a photograph) Representing the full height of the body.

full-size adj
lánmhéid
Being the normal or standard size for its type.
(arts) (of a representational artwork or model) Being the same size as the original.

full-throated /ˌfʊlˈθɹoʊtəd/ /ˌfʊlˈθɹəʊtɪd/ [-ɾəd] more full-throated most full-throated adj
lánghlórach
(also, figuratively, _, of noises by objects) Using all the power of one's voice; communicated loudly or vociferously.

fuller's earth /ˌfʊləz ˈɜːθ/ n
cré úcaire
A fine clay used in fulling cloth.

fullerene /ˈfʊləɹˌin/ fullerenes n
fullairéin
(inorganic chemistry) Any of a class of allotropes of carbon having hollow molecules whose atoms lie at the vertices of a polyhedron having 12 pentagonal and 2 or more hexagonal faces.

fulmar /ˈfʊlmɑː(ɹ)/ fulmars n
fulmaire
Either of two species of pelagic seabird in the genus Fulmarus, Fulmarus glacialis and F. glacialoides, which breed on cliffs.

fumed oak n
dair ghalaithe
oak that has been exposed to ammonia fumes to darken its color.

fun /fʊn/ /fʌn/ n
spraoi aiteas craic spórt áibhéar
Amusement, enjoyment or pleasure.

function /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃən/ /ˈfʌŋkʃn̩/ /ˈfʌŋkʃən/ [ˈfʌŋkʃn̩] [ˈfʌŋkʃɪ̈n] functions n
feidhm feidhmeannas
What something does or is used for.
feidhm
A professional or official position.
(mathematics) A relation in which each element of the domain is associated with exactly one element of the codomain.
(computing) A routine that receives zero or more arguments and may return a result.
(biology) The physiological activity of an organ or body part.

function /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃən/ /ˈfʌŋkʃn̩/ /ˈfʌŋkʃən/ [ˈfʌŋkʃn̩] [ˈfʌŋkʃɪ̈n] v
feidhmigh
(intransitive) To have a function.
(intransitive) To carry out a function; to be in action.

functional /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃnəl/ /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃənəl/ more functional most functional adj
feidhmiúil praiticiúil
Useful; serving a purpose, fulfilling a function.
feidhmiúil
(medicine) Of a disease, such that its symptoms cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change of structure; opposed to organic disease, in which the organ itself is affected.

functional group functional groups n
feidhmghrúpa
(organic chemistry) A specific grouping of elements that is characteristic of a class of compounds, and determines some properties and reactions of that class.

functor /ˈfʌŋktə/ functors n
feidhmeoir
(category theory) A category homomorphism; a morphism from a source category to a target category which maps objects to objects and arrows to arrows (either covariantly or contravariantly), in such a way as to preserve morphism composition and identities.

funding /ˈfʌndɪŋ/ fundings n
maoiniú
Money provided as funds.

fundraiser /ˈfʌnd.ɹeɪ.zə/ /ˈfʌnd.ɹeɪ.zɚ/ fundraisers n
ócáid tiomsaithe airgid
tiomsaitheoir airgid
A person who collects money from the public for some cause.

funeral /ˈfjunəɹəl/ /ˈfjuːnəɹəl/ /ˈfjuːnɹəl/ funerals n
sochraid
A ceremony to honor and remember a deceased person, often distinguished from a memorial service by the presence of the body of the deceased.

fungal /ˈfʌŋɡəl/ adj
fungasach
Of or pertaining to a fungus or fungi.

fungus /ˈfʌŋ.ɡəs/ fungi funguses fungusses n
fungas
(mycology) Any member of the kingdom Fungi; a eukaryotic organism typically having chitin cell walls but no chlorophyll or plastids. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular.

funk /fʌŋk/ funks n
func
(uncountable, music genre) A style of music derived from 1960s soul music, with elements of rock and other styles, characterized by a prominent bass guitar, dance-friendly sound, a strong emphasis on the downbeat, and much syncopation.

funnel /ˈfʌnəl/ funnels n
tonnadóir
A utensil in the shape of an inverted hollow cone terminating in a narrow pipe, for channeling liquids or granular material; typically used when transferring said substances from any container into ones with a significantly smaller opening.

funnel cake funnel cakes n
císte fuidrimh
(US) A specialty food made from deep-fried batter and originally associated with the Pennsylvania Dutch region of the United States.

funnel chanterelle funnel chanterelles n
cantarnaid throimpéadach
An edible mushroom of species Craterellus tubaeformis.

funny /ˈfʊnɪ/ /ˈfʌni/ /ˈfʌnɪ/ funnier funniest adj
greannmhar
Amusing; humorous; comical. [from mid-18th c.]
saoithiúil
Strange or unusual, often implying unpleasant. [from early 19th c.]

fur /fɜɹ/ /fɜː(ɹ)/ /fʌr/ furs n
clúmh fionnadh
(uncountable) The hairy coat of various mammal species, especially when fine, soft and thick.
bian
(uncountable) The hairy skins of animals used as a material for clothing.

fur coat fur coats n
cóta fionnaidh
An outer garment for the upper body made of furry animal hides.

fur seal fur seals n
rón fionnaidh
A marine mammal of either of the genera Arctocephalus or Callorhinus of the eared seal family Otariidae, differing from the sea lions in having dense underfur.

furlough /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ləʊ/ /ˈfɝ.loʊ/ furloughs n
scor
A leave of absence or vacation.

furnace /ˈfɜːnɪs/ /ˈfɝnɪs/ furnaces n
foirnéis
An industrial heating device, such as for smelting metal or firing ceramics.
(US, Canada) A device that provides heat for a building.

furrow /ˈfɝoʊ/ /ˈfʌɹoʊ/ /ˈfʌɹəʊ/ furrows n
clais
A trench cut in the soil, as when plowed in order to plant a crop.

furry /ˈfɜːɹi/ /ˈfɝi/ furrier furriest adj
clúmhach
Covered with fur, or with something resembling fur.

further education n
oideachas leantach
(UK) Education beyond compulsory schooling, not including university-based higher education.

fury /ˈfjuːɹi/ /ˈfjɔːɹi/ /ˈfjɚ.i/ /ˈfjʉːɹi/ /ˈfjʊə.ɹi/ /ˈfjʊɹ.i/ furies n
aonachas
Extreme anger.

fuse /fjuːz/ fuses n
aidhnín fiús
A cord that, when lit, conveys the fire to some explosive device.
(manufacturing, mining, military) The mechanism that ignites the charge in an explosive device; a detonator.
fiús
(electrical engineering) A device to prevent excessive overcurrent from overload or short circuit in an electrical circuit, containing a component that melts and interrupts the current when too high a load is passed through it.

fusebox fuseboxes n
cóifrín fiúsanna
A small distribution board containing the fuses or circuit breakers for a domestic electricity power supply.

fusillade /ˈfjuːsɪˌleɪd/ fusillades n
rúisc
The simultaneous firing of a number of firearms.

futtock /ˈfʌtək/ [ˈfəɾək] futtocks n
meáneasna runga
(nautical) Any of the curved rib-like timbers that form the frame of a wooden ship.

future /ˈfjuː.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈfjuː.t͡ʃɚ/ adj
fáistineach
Having to do with or occurring in the future.

future /ˈfjuː.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈfjuː.t͡ʃɚ/ futures n
todhchaí
The time ahead; those moments yet to be experienced.

future perfect future perfects futures perfect n
fáistineach foirfe
(grammar) A tense that expresses action completed at some time in the future; in English it is formed by use of will have (or shall have) and a past participle

future tense future tenses n
an aimsir fháistineach fáistineach
(grammar) The tense or time form of a verb used to refer to an event or occurrence that has not yet happened or is expected to happen in the future.

futurism /ˈfjuːt͡ʃəɹɪzəm/ futurisms n
todhchaíochas
(art) An early 20th century avant-garde art movement focused on speed, the mechanical, and the modern, which took a deeply antagonistic attitude to traditional artistic conventions.

futurist more futurist most futurist adj
todhchaíoch
In the style of futurism.

futurist futurists n
todhchaíochaí
(arts) An adherent to the principles of the artistic movement of futurism.

fuzzy /ˈfʌzi/ fuzzier fuzziest adj
neamhbheacht
Vague or imprecise.

gable end gable ends n
binn tí pinniúr
(architecture) The side of a building which is topped by a gable

gadabout /ˈɡædəbaʊt/ gadabouts n
rásaí
A person who restlessly moves from place to place, seeking amusement or the companionship of others.

gadolinium /ˌɡæd.əˈlɪn.i.əm/ gadoliniums n
gadailiniam
A chemical element (symbol Gd) with atomic number 64: a ductile silvery-white metal.

gadwall gadwalls n
gadual
A common, widespread dabbling duck which breeds in the northern hemisphere (Mareca strepera, syn. Anas strepera).

gaff /ɡæf/ gaffs n
ga
A tool consisting of a large metal hook with a handle or pole, especially the one used to pull large fish aboard a boat.

gaffer /ɡæfə/ /ɡæfɚ/ gaffers n
saoiste
(film) A chief lighting technician for a motion-picture or television production.

gag /ɡæɡ/ gags n
gobán
A device to restrain speech, such as a rag in the mouth secured with tape or a rubber ball threaded onto a cord or strap.
scéal grinn
A joke or other mischievous prank.

gaiety /ˈɡeɪ.ə.ti/ /ˈɡeɪ.ɪ.ti/ gaieties n
meidhir
(dated, uncountable) The state of being happy or merry.

gain /ɡeɪn/ gains n
brabach
The act of gaining; acquisition.

gain /ɡeɪn/ v
gnóthaigh
(transitive) To acquire possession of.
sroich
(transitive) To reach.

gait /ɡeɪt/ gaits n
siúl
Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving on legs.

galaxy /ˈɡæl.ək.si/ galaxies n
réaltra
(galaxy) Any of the collections of many millions or billions of stars, galactic dust, black holes, etc. existing as independent and coherent systems, of which there are billions in the known universe. [from 19th c.]

gale /ɡeɪl/ n
gála
(meteorology) A very strong wind, more than a breeze, less than a storm; number 7 through to 9 winds on the 12-step Beaufort scale.
raideog
A shrub, also called sweet gale or bog myrtle (Myrica gale), that grows on moors and fens.

gall /ɡɑl/ /ɡɔːl/ galls n
brusaireacht
(uncountable) Impudence or brazenness; temerity, chutzpah.
mairc
(countable) A sore on a horse caused by an ill-fitted or ill-adjusted saddle; a saddle sore.
(pathology, countable) A sore or open wound caused by chafing, which may become infected, as with a blister.

gall bladder gall bladders n
domlas máilín domlais mála an domlais
(anatomy) A pear-shaped organ that stores bile from the liver, until the body needs it for the digestion and absorption of fats in the duodenum.

gallant /ɡəˈlænt/ /ɡəˈlɑnt/ /ˈɡælənt/ gallants n
croíán gaige
(dated) A fashionable young man who is polite and attentive to women.

gallery /ˈɡæləɹi/ galleries n
dánlann gailearaí
An institution, building, or room for the exhibition and conservation of works of art.
An establishment that buys, sells, and displays works of art.
áiléar
The uppermost seating area projecting from the rear or side walls of a theater, concert hall, or auditorium.
gailearaí
A roofed promenade, especially one extending along the wall of a building and supported by arches or columns on the outer side.

gallium /ˈɡæliəm/ n
gailliam
A chemical element (symbol Ga) with an atomic number of 31; a soft bluish metal.

gallon /ˈɡælən/ gallons n
galún
A unit of volume, equivalent to eight pints

galloon /ɡəˈluːn/ galloons n
galún
A braided trimming with bullion thread, used on men's coats in the eighteenth century, on women's apparel in the nineteenth, and on such furnishings as draperies or cushions.

gallowglass gallowglass gallowglasses n
gallóglach

gallows /ˈɡæloʊz/ /ˈɡæləs/ /ˈɡæləʊz/ gallows gallowses n
croch
Wooden framework on which persons are put to death by hanging. [from 1300s]

gallows bird gallows birds n
ropaire gaid
(archaic) A person who deserves, or is likely, to be hanged.

gallows-bitts n
sparrachroch
(nautical) A frame fixed in a ship's deck to support spare spars.

gallstone gallstones n
cloch dhomlais

galore /ɡəˈlo(ː)ɹ/ /ɡəˈloə/ /ɡəˈloː/ /ɡəˈlɔɹ/ /ɡəˈlɔː/ adj
go leor
(Ireland, postpositive) In abundance. [from late 17th c.]

galvanization galvanizations n
galbhánú miotalú leictreach
The act or process of galvanizing.

galvanometer /ˌɡæl.vəˈnɑm.ət.ɚ/ /ˌɡæl.vəˈnɒm.ɪt.ə/ galvanometers n
galbhánaiméadar
(physics) A device used to indicate the presence and direction of a small electric current, especially used to detect a null or balanced condition in a bridge circuit.

game /ɡeɪm/ games n
cluiche
(countable) A particular instance of playing a game.
A playful activity that may be unstructured; an amusement or pastime.
géim
(uncountable) Wild animals hunted for food.

game bag game bags n
mála seilge
A bag in which a hunter or poacher carries back dead game

game theory n
teoiric chluichí teoiric imeartais
(mathematics, economics) A branch of applied mathematics that studies strategic situations in which individuals or organisations choose various actions in an attempt to maximize their returns.

gamecock gamecocks n
coileach comhraic coileach troda
A rooster used in cockfighting.

gamelan /ˈɡæ.məˌlæn/ gamelans n
gamalan
(music genre) A genre of music of Indonesian origin typically featuring metallophones, xylophones, drums, gongs and a bamboo flute (called a siuling).
An ensemble performing this style of music.

gamma /ˈɡæ.mə/ gammas n
gáma
The third letter of the Greek alphabet (Γ, γ), preceded by beta (Β, β) and followed by delta, (Δ, δ).

gamma globulin gamma globulins n
gáma-ghlóbailin

gamma ray gamma rays n
gáma-gha
Very high frequency (and therefore very high energy) electromagnetic radiation emitted as a consequence of radioactivity.

gamma-ray burst gamma-ray bursts n
rois gháma-ghathach
(astronomy) A flash of gamma rays that seem to originate from a random point in the sky; their most likely sources are believed to be supernova explosions of a very massive stars and mergers of neutron stars.

gammon /ˈɡæmən/ gammons n
gambún
A cut of quick-cured pork leg.

gander /ˈɡæn.də(ɹ)/ ganders n
gandal
A male goose.

gang /ɡeɪŋ/ /ɡæŋ/ gangs n
meitheal
A criminal group with a common cultural background and identifying features, often associated with a particular section of a city.

gang rape gang rapes n
éigniú droinge
A rape involving more than one perpetrator.

gangster /ˈɡæŋ.stə/ /ˈɡæŋ.stɚ/ gangsteress gangsters n
drongadóir
A member of a criminal or street gang.

gannet /ˈɡænɪt/ gannets n
gainéad ogastún
Any of three species of large seabird in the genus Morus, of the family Sulidae. They have black and white bodies and long pointed wings, and hunt for fish by plunge diving and pursuing their prey underwater.

gantry /ˈɡæntɹi/ gantries n
túr freastail
A framework of steel bars resting on side supports to bridge over or around something.

gap /ɡæp/ gaps n
bearna
An opening in anything made by breaking or parting.
An opening allowing passage or entrance.
An opening that implies a breach or defect.

gap of danger gaps of danger n
bearna bhaoil
(usually, with the definite article) a breach, place which is hard to defend; a danger, requiring bravery

gap-toothed adj
grabach mantach scagfhiaclach séanasach
exhibiting a gap between the teeth, especially between the two upper central incisors
mantach scagfhiaclach
exhibiting a gap where a tooth is missing, as of a child who has lost a baby tooth, or an adult who has lost a permanent tooth

gaping /ˈɡeɪpɪŋ/ more gaping most gaping adj
béal-leata doirseach fuinneogach
Wide open.

garage /ɡ(ə)ɹæ(d)ʒ/ /ɡ(ə)ˈɹɑ(d)ʒ/ /ˈɡæ.ɹɑː(d)ʒ/ /ˈɡæ.ɹɪdʒ/ garages n
garáiste
A building (or section of a building) used to store a car or cars, tools and other miscellaneous items.
(chiefly, Commonwealth, dated, in, _, US) A place where cars are serviced and repaired.

garbage /ˈɡɑɹbɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɡɑːbɪd͡ʒ/ n
bruscar garr
Useless or disposable material; waste material of any kind.

garbage can garbage cans n
bosca bruscair
(North America) A receptacle, usually roughly cylindrical and wider at the top than at the bottom, which serves as a place to discard waste materials.

garbage collection garbage collections n
bailiú bruscair
(North America) A service, generally run by local government, for transporting household garbage to the appropriate facility.

garbage truck garbage trucks n
leoraí bruscair
(US, Canada) A vehicle for the collection and removal of domestic waste

garden /-n̩/ /ˈɡɑɹdən/ /ˈɡɑːdən/ gardens n
gairdín
(in the plural) Such an ornamental place to which the public have access.
gairdín garraí
An outdoor area containing one or more types of plants, usually plants grown for food or ornamental purposes.
(Britain, Ireland, Appalachia) The grounds at the front or back of a house.

garden balsam n
balsam gairdín
Impatiens balsamina, an annual flowering plant native to southern Asia.

garden cress /ˈɡɑːdn̩ kɹɛs/ garden cresses n
biolar garraí
(uncountable) The pungent leaves of the plant, used in salads.

garden gnome garden gnomes n
abhaicín gairdín
A small statue of a gnome used as a garden ornament.

garden hose garden hoses n
píobán gairdín
(uncountable) A type of hose used for light residential applications such as watering lawns or gardens, or washing and rinsing passenger vehicles, etc.
(countable) A length of hose as above, usually with a male connector on one end and a female connector on the other end, which can carry water from a hose bib (a water faucet or spigot usually located on an exterior wall of a house or other building) for use on a garden or lawn.

gardening gardenings n
garraíodóireacht
The process or action of cultivating the soil, particularly in a garden; the care of a garden; horticulture.

garfish garfish garfishes n
corr uaine ronnach Spáinneach spéirlint fharraige spéirlint mhara
(especially, UK, Ireland) Any fish of the needlefish family Belonidae, with a long narrow body and needle-shaped jaws, especially the European species Belone belone.

gargoyle /ˈɡɑɹ.ɡɔɪl/ /ˈɡɑː.ɡɔɪl/ gargoyles n
geargáil
A carved grotesque figure on a spout which conveys water away from the gutters.

garish /ˈɡɛəɹɪʃ/ more garish most garish adj
scéiniúil
Overly ostentatious; so colourful as to be in bad taste. [from 1540s]

garland /ˈɡaː.lənd/ /ˈɡɑɹ.lənd/ /ˈɡɑː.lənd/ garlands n
fleasc
A circular or linear decoration, especially one of plaited flowers or leaves, worn on the body or draped as a decoration.

garlic /ˈɡɑɹlɪk/ /ˈɡɑːlɪk/ garlics n
gairleog
A plant, Allium sativum, related to the onion, having a pungent bulb much used in cooking.

garlic mustard n
bóchoinneal
A woodland herb (Alliaria petiolata) that has a garlic-like aroma, considered highly invasive in New World.

garnet /ˈɡɑː(ɹ).nət/ garnets n
gairnéad
(mineral) A hard transparent mineral that is often used as gemstones and abrasives.

garnish /ˈɡɑɹnɪʃ/ /ˈɡɑːnɪʃ/ v
maisigh
To decorate with ornaments; to adorn; to embellish.

garron /ˈɡaɹən/ garrons n
gearrán
A small and usually disdained type of horse, typically bred in Scotland and Ireland.

garrulity /ɡəˈɹuː.lɪ.ti/ garrulities n
foclaíocht
The state or characteristic of being garrulous.

garrulous /ˈɡæɹ.jə.ləs/ /ˈɡæɹ.jʊ.ləs/ /ˈɡæɹ.ə.ləs/ /ˈɡæɹ.ʊ.ləs/ /ˈɡɛɹ.jə.ləs/ /ˈɡɛɹ.ə.ləs/ more garrulous most garrulous adj
béalchlabach clabach ráiteach
Excessively or tiresomely talkative.
foclach
(of something written or performed) Excessively wordy and rambling.

garter /ˈɡɑːtə/ /ˈɡɑːɹtɚ/ garters n
glúin-chrios
A band worn around the leg to hold up a sock or stocking.

garter stitch garter stitches n
cniotáil ar deiseal cniotáil shleamhain
(knitting) the most basic form of welting, produced in the round by knitting and purling alternate rows, or in the flat by knitting (or purling) every stitch

gas /ɡæs/ /ɡæz/ /ˈɡɛəs/ gases gasses n
gás
(uncountable, physical chemistry) Matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma that can be contained only if it is fully surrounded by a solid (or in a bubble of liquid, or held together by gravitational pull); it can condense into a liquid, or can (rarely) become a solid directly by deposition.
(uncountable) A flammable gaseous hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture used as a fuel, e.g. for cooking, heating, electricity generation or as a fuel in internal combustion engines in vehicles, especially natural gas.
(countable, physical chemistry) A chemical element or compound in such a state.

gas mask /ɡæs mæsk/ /ɡæs mɑːsk/ gas masks n
gásphúicín
A covering for the face with a filter to protect the user from poison gas.

gas pump gas pumps n
pumpa peitril
(North America) A device at a gas station that dispenses gasoline.

gas station gas stations n
stáisiún breosla
(North America, New Zealand, Philippines) filling station / petrol station; an establishment which sells gasoline (petrol) and often also diesel

gas turbine gas turbines n
gástuirbín
An internal combustion engine consisting of a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine, where the turbine mechanically powers the compressor.

gaseous /ˈɡeisiəs/ /ˈɡæsiəs/ /ˈɡæʃəs/ more gaseous most gaseous adj
gásach
Relating to, or existing as gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma).
Of a liquid containing bubbles: gassy.

gasket /ˈɡæs.kɪt/ gaskets n
ribín seoil
(mechanics) Any mechanical seal that serves to fill the space between two objects, generally to prevent leakage between the two objects while under compression.

gaslight /ˈɡæslaɪt/ /ˈɡæsˌlaɪt/ gaslights n
gáslampa
A lamp which operates by burning piped illuminating gas (or town gas).
solas gáis
The light produced by the burning gas in such a lamp.

gasman gasmen n
fear an gháis
(colloquial) A worker for a company that supplies gas (in the sense of the gaseous fuel), especially one who visits premises to read the meter, test appliances etc.

gasoline /ɡæsl̩ˈin/ /ɡæsˈlin/ /ˈɡæs.ə.liːn/ [ɡæsɵˈlin] [ɡæˈsɵlin] gasolines n
peitreal
(uncountable, North America, Philippines) A flammable liquid consisting of a mixture of refined petroleum hydrocarbons, mainly used as a motor fuel; petrol.

gasp /ɡasp/ /ɡæsp/ /ɡɑːsp/ gasps n
uspóg
A short, sudden intake of breath.

gasproof more gasproof most gasproof adj
gásdíonach
Made of or covered with material that doesn't allow gas in.

gassy /ˈɡæsi/ gassier gassiest adj
gásach
(specifically, of a beverage) Containing dissolved gas (usually carbon dioxide); fizzy.

gastric acid gastric acids n
aigéad goile
(biochemistry) The acidic secretion of the stomach; mostly hydrochloric acid.

gastritis gastritides n
gaistríteas
(pathology, symptom) Inflammation of the lining of the stomach, characterised by nausea, loss of appetite, and upper abdominal discomfort or pain.

gastro- /ˈɡæstɹoʊ-/ /ˈɡæstɹəʊ-/ prefix
gastra-
of or relating to the stomach
of or relating to cooking

gastroenterology n
gaistreintreolaíocht
(medicine) The study of the digestive system, from the mouth to the anus; may also include the study of accessory organs: pancreas, liver, gallbladder and bile ducts.

gastrovascular adj
gastrashoithíoch
(anatomy) That has both a digestive and a circulatory function

gate /ɡeɪt/ gates n
geata
A doorlike structure outside a house.
A doorway, opening, or passage in a fence or wall.
A passageway (as in an air terminal) where passengers can embark or disembark.

gatekeeper /ˈɡeɪt.ki.pɚ/ /ˈɡeɪt.kiː.pə/ gatekeepers n
geatóir
A person who guards or monitors passage through a gate.

gatepost gateposts n
cuaille geata garma geata
a vertical post from which a gate is hung/attached.

gather /ˈɡæðə/ /ˈɡæðɚ/ v
cruinnigh togh
(architecture) To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as for example where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue.
dlúthaigh
To bring parts of a whole closer.

gatherer gatherers n
bailitheoir tiomsaitheoir
A person who gathers things.

gaudy /ˈɡɑ.di/ /ˈɡɔ.di/ /ˈɡɔː.di/ gaudier gaudiest adj
gairéadach mórthaibhseach scéiniúil spiagaí taibhseach
Very showy or ornamented, now especially when excessive, or in a tasteless or vulgar manner.

gauntlet /ˈɡɔːnt.lət/ gauntlets n
iarndóid lámhainn fhada
Protective armor for the hands, formerly thrown down as a challenge to combat.

gaur /ˈɡaʊ.ə/ /ˈɡaʊ.əɹ/ gaur gaurs n
gár
An Asian species of wild bovine (Bos gaurus), of large size and an untamable disposition.

gay /ɡeɪ/ gayer gayest adj
bán aerach
(colloquial) Not heterosexual, or not cisgender: homosexual, bisexual, asexual, transgender, etc.
spéiriúil
(dated) Happy, joyful, and lively.

gay /ɡeɪ/ gays n
aerach
(now, _, chiefly, in plural) A homosexual, especially a male homosexual.

gay marriage gay marriages n
pósadh aerach
Marriage between two people of the same sex.

gazelle /ɡəˈzɛl/ gazelle gazelles n
gasail
An antelope of either of the genera Gazella (mostly native to Africa) or Procapra (native to Asia), capable of running at high speeds for long periods.

gear /ɡɪə(ɹ)/ /ɡɪɚ/ gears n
acmhainn gléasra
(uncountable) Equipment or paraphernalia, especially that used for an athletic endeavor.

gee /ˈd͡ʒiː/ gees n
gort gé
The name of the Latin-script letter G/g.

gel /d͡ʒɛl/ [d͡ʒɛɫ] gels n
glóthach
A semi-solid to almost solid colloid of a solid and a liquid, such as jelly, cheese or opal.

gel /d͡ʒɛl/ [d͡ʒɛɫ] v
glóthaigh
(intransitive) To become a gel.

gelatin /ˈd͡ʒɛlətiːn/ /ˈd͡ʒɛlətɪn/ gelatins n
geilitín
A protein derived through partial hydrolysis of the collagen extracted from animal skin, bones, cartilage, ligaments, etc.
An edible jelly made from this material.

gelding /ˈɡɛldɪŋ/ geldings n
gearrán
A castrated male horse.
Any castrated male animal.

gem /d͡ʒɛm/ /d͡ʒɪm/ gems n
seoid
A precious stone, usually of substantial monetary value or prized for its beauty or shine.

gemsbok gemsbok gemsboks n
geamsboc oracs gasaileach
A large African antelope (Oryx gazella).

gender /ˈd͡ʒɛndə/ /ˈd͡ʒɛndɚ/ genders n
gnéas
inscne
Identification as a man, a woman, or something else, and association with a (social) role or set of behavioral and cultural traits, clothing, etc; a category to which a person belongs on this basis. (Compare gender role, gender identity.) [from 20th c.]
(grammar) A division of nouns and pronouns (and sometimes of other parts of speech) into masculine or feminine, and sometimes other categories like neuter or common, and animate or inanimate. [from 14th c.]

gender dysphoria gender dysphorias n
diosfóiria inscne
A profound and persistent unhappiness caused by having characteristics (body parts, clothing, etc) of, or being perceived as, a gender different from one's gender identity, experienced especially by transgender people.

genderfluid adj
solúbtha ó thaobh inscne de
(LGBT) Not having a fixed gender; having a gender which changes from time to time.

gene /d͡ʒiːn/ genes n
géin
(genetics) A theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color.

genealogist /ˈdʒiː.niːˌæl.ə.dʒɪst/ genealogists n
rianaí
A person who studies or practises genealogy, an expert in genealogy.

genealogy /ˌdʒiːniˈælədʒi/ /ˌdʒiːniˈɒlədʒi/ /ˌd͡ʒiniˈælədʒi/ /ˌd͡ʒiniˈɑlədʒi/ genealogies n
ginealach
(countable) The descent of a person, family, or group from an ancestor or ancestors; lineage or pedigree.
ginealas
(uncountable) The study, and formal recording of such descents.

general election general elections n
olltoghchán
An election, usually held at regular intervals, in which candidates are elected in all or most constituencies or electoral districts of a nation.

general practitioner general practitioners n
dochtúir teaghlaigh gnáthdhochtúir
A physician who provides primary care; treating acute and chronic illnesses and providing preventive care and health education; a family doctor.

generalisation generalisations n
teoiric ghinearálta

generalissimo /ˌd͡ʒɛnəɹəˈlisimoʊ/ /ˌd͡ʒɛnəɹəˈliːsɪməʊ/ /ˌd͡ʒɛnəɹəˈlɪsɪməʊ/ generalissimi generalissimos n
ardghinearál
(military) A supreme commander of the armed forces of a country, especially one who is also a political leader.

generalization generalizations n
teoiric ghinearálta

generally /ˈd͡ʒen.ɹə.li/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹə.li/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ɚ.li/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ɚ.ə.li/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ɹə.li/ more generally most generally adv
de ghnáth
Without reference to specific details.

generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ generators n
gineadóir
(mathematics) An element of a group that is used in the presentation of the group: one of the elements from which the others can be inferred with the given relators.
Especially, a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

generosity /ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈɹɑsəti/ /ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈɹɒsɪti/ generosities n
flaithiúlacht gart móraigeantacht mórchroí
(uncountable) The trait of being willing to donate money, resources, or time.

generous /ˈd͡ʒɛn(ə)ɹəs/ more generous most generous adj
mórchroíoch flaithiúil flaithiúlach gartach
Noble in behaviour or actions; principled, not petty; kind, magnanimous. [from 16th c.]
mórchroíoch gnaíúil
Willing to give and share unsparingly; showing a readiness to give more (especially money) than is expected or needed. [from 17th c.]

genetic /d͡ʒəˈnɛtɪk/ /d͡ʒɪˈnɛtɪk/ adj
gineach géiniteach
(genetics) Relating to genetics or genes. [from 1908]

genetic engineering n
innealtóireacht ghéiniteach
The practice or science of genetic modification.

genetics /d͡ʒə.ˈnɛ.tɪks/ /d͡ʒɛˈnɛ.tɪks/ /ˈdʒɛnɐ.ʈɪks/ n
géineolaíocht
(biology) The branch of biology that deals with the transmission and variation of inherited characteristics, in particular chromosomes and DNA.
géinitic
(biology) The genetic makeup of a specific individual or species.

genital /ˈd͡ʒɛnətəl/ /ˈd͡ʒɛnɪtəl/ adj
ginitiúil
Of, or relating to biological reproduction.
Of, or relating to the genitalia.

genitalia /ˌd͡ʒɛ.nə-/ /ˌd͡ʒɛ.nɪˈteɪ.jəl.jə/ /ˌd͡ʒɛ.nɪˈteɪ.li.jə/ n
baill ghiniúna
(by extension) Any sex organs, whether external or internal.

genitive /ˈd͡ʒɛnətɪv/ adj
ginideach
(grammar) Of or pertaining to that case (as the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses a quality, origin or possession. It corresponds to the possessive case in English.

genitive /ˈd͡ʒɛnətɪv/ genitives n
ginideach
(grammar, uncountable) An inflection pattern (of any given language) that expresses origin or ownership and possession.
(grammar, countable) A word inflected in the genitive case; a word indicating origin, ownership or possession.

genius /ˈdʒiː.nɪəs/ /ˈd͡ʒi.ni.əs/ /ˈd͡ʒin.jəs/ genii geniuses n
duine ardéirime
(countable) Someone possessing extraordinary intelligence or skill; especially somebody who has demonstrated this by a creative or original work in science, music, art etc.
ardéirim
(uncountable) Extraordinary mental capacity.

genocide /ˈd͡ʒɛnəsaɪd/ genocides n
cinedhíothú
The systematic and deliberate destruction of a group of people, typically by killing substantial numbers of them, on the basis of their ethnicity, religion, or nationality.

genre /ˈ(d)ʒɑnɹə/ /ˈ(d)ʒɒnɹə/ /ˈd͡ʒɑnɚ/ genres n
seánra
A kind; a stylistic category or sort, especially of literature or other artworks.

genteel /d͡ʒɛnˈtiːl/ more genteel most genteel adj
galánta
Stylish or elegant.

gentian /ˈd͡ʒɛnt͡ʃən/ gentians n
ceadharlach lus an chrúbáin
(countable) Any of various herbs of the family Gentianaceae found in temperate and mountainous regions with violet or blue flowers.

gentility gentilities n
uaisleacht
(uncountable) The state of being elegant, genteel, having good breeding, or being socially superior.

gentle /ˈdʒɛntl̩/ /ˈd͡ʒɛntl̩/ [ˈd͡ʒɛ̃ɾ̃l̩] gentler gentlest more gentle most gentle adj
mín
Tender and amiable; of a considerate or kindly disposition.
Soft and mild rather than hard or severe.
Docile and easily managed.

gentlefolk /ˈd͡ʒɛntl̩fəʊk/ /ˈd͡ʒɛntl̩ˌfoʊk/ [ˈd͡ʒɛɾ̃l̩-] n
daoine uasal
(archaic) People of superior social position.

gentlewoman /ˈd͡ʒɛn.təlˌwʊm.ən/ gentlewomen n
bean uasal
(historical) A woman of the nobility.

genuflection genuflections n
umhlú
the act of genuflecting

genuineness /ˈd͡ʒɛ.nju.ɪn.(n)əs/ /ˈd͡ʒɛ.nju.ɪn.(n)ɪs/ genuinenesses n
dílseacht
The quality of being genuine; authenticity.

genus /ˈdʒiːnəs/ /ˈdʒɛnəs/ /ˈd͡ʒiːnəs/ genera genuses genusses n
géineas
(biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below family (Lat. familia) and above species.
A taxon at this rank.
aicme
A group with common attributes.

geo- /ˈd͡ʒi.oʊ/ prefix
geo-
Earth

geochemistry geochemistries n
geoiceimic
(chemistry) The branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical composition of the Earth and other planets, and with the chemical processes that occur in the formation of rocks and minerals etc.

geochronology geochronologies n
geocróineolaíocht

geochronometry geochronometries n
geocrónaiméadracht
(geology) the science of the measurement of the age of rocks etc. based on the radioactive decay of naturally occurring isotopes

geoengineering n
geo-innealtóireacht
The artificial manipulation of the environments of the Earth, especially as a means of counteracting global warming.

geographer /d͡ʒiˈɑ.ɡɹə.fɚ/ /d͡ʒiːˈɒɡ.ɹə.fə(ɹ)/ /d͡ʒiːˈɔɡ.ɹə.fə(ɹ)/ geographers n
geografaí tíreolaí
A specialist in geography.

geographic /d͡ʒiəˈɡɹæfɪk/ more geographic most geographic adj
geografach tíreolaíoch
Pertaining to geography (or to geographics)

geography /dʒɪˈɒɡɹəfi/ /d͡ʒiˈɑɡɹəfi/ /ˈdʒɒɡɹəfi/ geographies n
tíreolaíocht
The study of the physical properties of the earth, including how humans affect and are affected by them.

geology /d͡ʒiˈɑl.ə.dʒi/ /d͡ʒɪˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/ geologies n
geolaíocht
The science that studies the structure of the earth (or other planets), together with its origin and development, especially by examination of its rocks.

geometric progression geometric progressions n
seicheamh iolraíoch
(analysis) A sequence in which each term except the first is obtained from the previous by multiplying it by a constant value, known as the common ratio of the geometric progression.

geometry /d͡ʒiˈɑ.mə.tɹi/ /d͡ʒiːˈɒm.ɪ.tɹi/ /d͡ʒiːˈɔm.ə.tɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒɒm.ɪ.tɹi/ geometries n
geoiméadracht céimseata
(mathematics, uncountable) The branch of mathematics dealing with spatial relationships.

geomorphology geomorphologies n
geomoirfeolaíocht
The study of landforms, their classification, origin, development, and history.

geophysics /ˌdʒiː.əʊˈfɪz.ɪks/ n
geoifisic
A branch of earth science dealing with the physical processes and phenomena occurring in the earth and in its vicinity.

georgette georgettes n
seoirséad
A thin lightweight silk or cotton fabric with a matte finish.

geoscientist /ˌd͡ʒioʊˈsaɪəntɪst/ geoscientists n
geo-eolaí
A scholar or researcher in geoscience, an inclusive term for the earth sciences.

geotropism /d͡ʒiˈɑt.ɹəˌpɪz.əm/ /d͡ʒiˈɒt.ɹəˌpɪz.əm/ geotropisms n
geotrópacht
(biology) The movement of a plant in response to gravity (either downwards or upwards).

geranium /dʒəˈɹeɪni.əm/ gerania geraniums n
crobh fola geiréiniam
Any flowering plant of the genus Geranium of cranesbills, of family Geraniaceae.
peileargóiniam
The common name for flowering plants of the genus Pelargonium.

geriatrics n
geiriaitric
(medicine) The branch of medicine that focuses on health promotion and the prevention and treatment of disease and disability in later life. The term itself can be distinguished from gerontology, which is the study of the aging process itself.

germane /dʒɜː(ɹ)ˈmeɪn/ /d͡ʒɝˈmeɪn/ more germane most germane adj
ábhartha
Related to a topic of discussion or consideration.

germanium /d͡ʒɚˈmeɪni.əm/ germaniums n
gearmáiniam
A nonmetallic chemical element (symbol Ge) with an atomic number of 32: a lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group.

gestation period gestation periods n
tréimhse iompair
the average interval between fertilization and birth of a mammal; ranges from 13 days for the opossum to 626 days for the Indian elephant

get /ɡɛt/ /ɡɪt/ v
faigh
(transitive, informal) To bring to reckoning; to catch (as a criminal); to effect retribution.
(archaic) To learn; to commit to memory; to memorize; sometimes with out.
(intransitive, obsolete) To make acquisitions; to gain; to profit.

get lost v
téigh amú téigh ar strae
(intransitive) To lose one's way.
éirigh caillte
(intransitive, of an object) To go missing; to be in a location unknown to someone who is looking for it.

get off one's chest v
cuir de do chroí
(idiomatic) To relieve oneself by talking to someone.

get rid of v
cuir díot
(transitive, idiom) To rid oneself of; to cause oneself to be free of or released from.

get the boot v
bata agus bóthar a fháil
(idiomatic) To be dismissed from employment.

get up v
éirigh
To rise from one's bed, usually upon waking up in order to begin one's day.

get used v
cleacht
(intransitive) To become accustomed to something; to acclimate; to adjust.

get well soon phraseologicalUnit
go dtaga biseach ort go luath
Expressing hope that the listener will soon recover from illness.

geyser /ˈɡaɪ.sɚ/ /ˈɡaɪ.zə/ /ˈɡaɪ.zɚ/ /ˈɡiː.zə/ geysers n
géasar
(planetology, geology, volcanology) A boiling natural spring which throws forth jets of water, mud, etc., at frequent intervals, driven upwards by the expansive power of steam.

ghost /ɡoʊst/ /ɡɐʉst/ /ɡəʊst/ ghosts n
taibhse sprid
The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death.

ghost story ghost stories n
scéal taibhsí
A story about ghosts or the supernatural, often meant to be frightening.

ghost town /ˈɡoʊst taʊn/ /ˈɡəʊst taʊn/ ghost towns n
baile tréigthe
A town which has become deserted, usually due to failing economic activity, especially one that still has substantial visible remains.

ghostliness ghostlinesses n
taibhsiúlacht
The quality of being ghostly.

ghostly /ˈɡoʊstli/ ghostlier ghostliest adj
taibhsiúil
Of or pertaining to ghosts or spirits.
Spooky; frightening.

ghoul /ɡuːl/ /ɡʉl/ /ɡʊəl/ ghouls n
amhailt
(mythology, Islam) A demon said to feed on corpses.

giant /ˈd͡ʒaɪ.ənt/ /ˈd͡ʒaɪnt/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɪ.ənt/ [ˈd͡ʒəɪ̯(ə)nt] giants n
arracht fathach
A mythical human of very great size.
fathach
(astronomy) A star that is considerably more luminous than a main sequence star of the same temperature (e.g. red giant, blue giant).

giant panda giant pandas n
ollphanda
A rare, black and white mammal, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, in the ursid (bear) family.

giant planet giant planets n
ollphláinéad

giant squid giant squid giant squids n
mháthair shúigh mhór
Any of the very large squid, of the genus Architeuthis (family Architeuthidae), that live at great depths, and of which little is known.

giantess /ˈd͡ʒaɪəntɛs/ giantesses n
banfhathach
(fantasy, mythology) A female giant.

gibberish /ˈd͡ʒɪb.ə.ɹɪʃ/ gibberishes n
gibiris
Speech or writing that is unintelligible, incoherent or meaningless.

gibbet /ˈd͡ʒɪbɪt/ gibbets n
croch
An upright post with a crosspiece used for execution and subsequent public display.

gibbon /ˈɡɪbən/ gibbons n
giobún
A small ape of the family Hylobatidae with long limbs, which it uses to travel through rainforests by swinging from branch to branch.

gibbous moon gibbous moons n
gealach scothlán
(astronomy) A lunar phase either side of the full moon when the moon's disc as seen from the Earth is larger than a semicircle.

giddy /ˈɡɪd.i/ [ˈɡɪɾ.i] giddier giddiest adj
barréadrom meadhránach míobhánach
(predicative, _, only) Feeling a sense of spinning in the head, causing a perception of unsteadiness and being about to fall down; dizzy.
aerach aertha alluaiceach baoth
Unable to concentrate or think seriously; easily excited; impulsive; also, lightheartedly silly; frivolous.

gift /ɡɪft/ gifts n
bronntanas féirín tabhartas tíolacadh
Something given to another voluntarily, without charge.
bua tallann tíolacadh
A talent or natural ability.
bronntanas féirín tabhartas
Something gained incidentally, without effort.

gifted /ˈɡɪftɪd/ more gifted most gifted adj
tréitheach éirimiúil
Endowed with special, in particular intellectual, abilities.

gild /ɡɪld/ v
óraigh
(transitive) To cover with a thin layer of gold; to cover with gold leaf.

gill /ɡɪl/ gills n
geolbhach
(animal anatomy) A breathing organ of fish and other aquatic animals.
(mycology) One of the radial folds on the underside of the cap of a mushroom, the surface of which bears the spore-producing organs.

gillaroo gillaroos n
giolla rua
Salmo stomachicus, a trout found in Ireland.

gillie /ˈɡili/ /ˈɡɪli/ gillies n
giolla
(Britain, Ireland, Scotland) A fishing and hunting guide; a man or boy who attends to a person who is fishing or hunting, especially in Scotland.

gimlet /ˈɡɪm.lət/ gimlets n
gimléad
A small screw-tipped tool for boring holes.

gin /d͡ʒɪn/ gins n
biotáille Ghinéive jin
A colourless non-aged alcoholic liquor made by distilling fermented grains such as barley, corn, oats or rye with juniper berries; the base for many cocktails.

gin /d͡ʒɪn/ v
scillig
(transitive) To remove the seeds from cotton with a cotton gin.

ginger /ˈdʒɪndʒə/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/ gingerer gingerest more ginger most ginger adj
rua
(of hair or fur) Of a reddish-brown color.

ginger /ˈdʒɪndʒə/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/ gingers n
sinséar
The pungent aromatic rhizome of a tropical Asian herb, Zingiber officinale, used as a spice and as a stimulant and acarminative.
The plant that produces this rhizome.

ginger beer ginger beers n
beoir shinséir
(uncountable) A fermented, typically non-alcoholic, drink flavoured with ginger.

gingerbread /ˈd͡ʒɪn.(d͡)ʒəˌbɹɛd/ /ˈd͡ʒɪn.d͡ʒɚˌbɹɛd/ gingerbreads n
arán sinséir
(food) A type of cake whose main flavoring is ginger.

gingham /ˈɡɪŋ.əm/ ginghams n
guingeám guingeán
(uncountable) A cotton fabric made from dyed and white yarn woven in checks.

ginning ginnings n
scaradh cadáis
The act of removing seeds from cotton with a cotton gin.

giraffe /dʒɪˈɹaf/ /dʒɪˈɹɑːf/ /d͡ʒəˈɹæf/ giraffe giraffes n
sioráf
A ruminant, of the genus Giraffa, of the African savannah with long legs and highly elongated neck, which make it the tallest living animal; yellow fur patterned with dark spots, often in the form of a network; and two or more short, skin-covered horns, so-called; strictly speaking the horn-like projections are ossicones.

gird /ɡɜːd/ /ɡɝd/ v
timpeallaigh
(transitive) To encircle with, or as if with a belt.

girder /ˈɡɜːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɝdɚ/ girders n
cearchaill giarsa
A beam of steel, wood, or reinforced concrete, used as a main horizontal support in a building or structure.

girl /ɡɛəl/ /ɡɜːɫ/ /ɡɝ.əl/ /ɡɝl/ /ɡɪəl/ /ɡɵːl/ [ɡʏw] girls n
cailín
A young female human, or sometimes a young female animal.
(sometimes, offensive, see usage note) A woman, especially a young and often attractive woman.

girlfriend /ˈɡɜːlfɹɛnd/ /ˈɡɝlfɹɛnd/ girlfriends n
cailín girseach
A female partner in an unmarried romantic relationship.
(LGBT) A fellow gay man, especially a friend as opposed to a sexual partner.

girlhood girlhoods n
iníonacht iníonas
(uncountable) The state of being a girl.

give /ɡɪv/ v
tabhair
To transfer one's possession or holding of (something) to (someone).

give away v
scaoil
(transitive) To make a gift of (something).
(transitive, sometimes, _, reflexive) To unintentionally reveal a secret or divulge undisclosed information; to betray or expose someone.
tionlaic chun na haltóra
(transitive) To formally hand over a bride to the bridegroom; often by her father.

give birth v
beir
(intransitive, of viviparous animals) To release live offspring from the body into the environment.
(transitive, with to, of viviparous animals) To become the parent of by birthing.
(transitive, figuratively, usually, with to, idiom) To become the source of.

give up v
tabhair suas
(transitive) To surrender (someone or something); to inform on (someone).
(transitive) To stop or quit (an activity, etc.)
(transitive) To relinquish (something)
(transitive) To lose hope concerning (someone or something)
(transitive) To abandon (someone or something)
(intransitive) To admit defeat, capitulate.

gizzard /ˈɡɪzəd/ /ˈɡɪzɚd/ gizzards n
eagaois
A specialized organ constructed of thick muscular walls found in the digestive tract of some animals, including archosaurs (including crocodilians and birds), earthworms, some gastropods, some fish, and some crustaceans, and used for grinding up food, often aided by particles of stone or grit.

glacial /ˈɡleɪ.sɪəl/ /ˈɡleɪ.ʃ(ɪ)əl/ more glacial most glacial adj
oighreach
Of, or relating to glaciers.

glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/ /ˈɡleɪs.jə/ /ˈɡleɪs.jɚ/ /ˈɡlæs.jə/ glaciers n
oighearshruth
(geology) A large body of ice which flows under its own mass, usually downhill.

glaciology /ˌɡleɪsɪˈɒlədʒi/ /ˌɡleɪʃiˈɑləd͡ʒi/ glaciologies n
oigheareolaíocht
(geography) The study of ice and its effect on the landscape, especially the study of glaciers. [from late 19th c.]

glacis /ˈɡleɪsɪs/ /ˈɡlæsi/ glacis glacises n
claonfort
(architectural element, also, figuratively) A gentle incline in front of a fortification which protects it from cannon fire and exposes attackers to more effective return fire from defenders.

glad /ɡlæd/ /ˈɡlɛəd/ gladder gladdest more glad most glad adj
áthas áthasach áthasúil
Pleased, happy, gratified.

glade /ɡleɪd/ glades n
ceapach plásóg choille réiteach
An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a forest.

gladness /ˈɡlædnəs/ gladnesses n
aogall gairdeas gealadh gile gliondar lúcháir
The state of being glad; joy.

glair /ɡlɛə(ɹ)/ glairs n
gealacán
Egg white, especially as used in various industrial preparations.

glance /ɡlæns/ /ɡlɑːns/ glances n
spléachadh súilfhéachaint
(also, figuratively) A brief or cursory look.

glance /ɡlæns/ /ɡlɑːns/ v
scinn
(also, figuratively) To strike and fly off in an oblique direction; to dart aside.

glance off v
scinn
(transitive) To strike a surface and be deflected

gland /ɡlænd/ glands n
faireog
(zoology) A specialized cell, group of cells, or organ of endothelial origin in the human or animal body that synthesizes a chemical substance, such as hormones or breast milk, and releases it, often into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland).
(botany) A secretory structure on the surface of an organ.

glanders n
boilg fola fothach
An infectious disease of horses, mules and donkeys caused by the bacterium Burkholderia, one species of which may be transmitted to humans.

glans penis /ˌɡlænz ˈpiːnɪs/ glandes penes glandes penis glandes penium glans penes glans penises n
breall
(anatomy) A conical vascularized body forming the extremity of the penis.

glare /ɡlɛə/ /ɡlɛɚ/ glares n
dallrú
(uncountable) An intense, blinding light.
drochshúil súil fhiata
An angry or fierce stare.

glass /ɡlæs/ /ɡlɑːs/ [ɡlas] [ɡleəs] [ɡläs] [ɡläːs] [ɡlæs] [ɡlɐːs] [ɡlɑːs] [ɡlɛəs] glasses n
gloine
(usually, uncountable) An amorphous solid, often transparent substance, usually made by melting silica sand with various additives (for most purposes, a mixture of soda, potash and lime is added).
(countable) A vessel from which one drinks, especially one made of glass, plastic, or similar translucent or semi-translucent material.

glassblower glassblowers n
séidire gloine
A person skilled in the art of glassblowing.

glassful /ˈɡlæsfəl/ /ˈɡlɑːsfəl/ glassesful glassfuls n
lán gloine
The amount that a glass will hold.

glaucoma /ɡlaʊˈkoʊmə/ /ɡlɔːˈkoʊmə/ /ɡlɔːˈkəʊmə/ glaucomas glaucomata n
glácóma
(pathology) An eye disease or disorder that is defined as a characteristic optic neuropathy, or disease of the optic nerve, possibly, if untreated, leading to damage of the optic disc of the eye and resultant visual field loss due to lack of communication between the retina and the brain, which can lead to blindness.

glaze /ɡleɪz/ v
gloinigh
(transitive) To install windows.

glazing /ˈɡleɪzɪŋ/ glazings n
gloiniú
(architecture) All the windows of a building.

gleam /ɡlim/ /ɡliːm/ gleams n
léaró
(countable) An appearance of light, especially one which is indistinct or small, or short-lived.

gleaming /ˈɡliːmɪŋ/ more gleaming most gleaming adj
gléineach lonrach soilseach
Having a bright sheen.

glean /ɡliːn/ v
tiomsaigh
To collect what is left behind (grain, grapes, etc.) after the main harvest or gathering.
(figurative) To gather information in small amounts, with implied difficulty, bit by bit.

glen /ɡlɛn/ /ɡlɪn/ glens n
gleann
A secluded and narrow valley, especially one with a river running through it; a depression between hills; a dale.

glider /ˈɡlaɪdə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡlaɪdɚ/ gliders n
faoileoir
Any heavier-than-air aircraft optimised for unpowered flight; a sailplane.
A pilot of glider aircraft.

glimmer /ˈɡlɪmə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡlɪmɚ/ glimmers n
léaró
A flash of light.

glimpse /ɡlɪmps/ glimpses n
spléachadh
A brief look, glance, or peek.

glint /ɡlɪnt/ glints n
drithle glioscarnach léaró
A short flash of light.

glisten /ˈɡlɪsən/ glistens n
glioscarnach
A glistening shine from a wet surface.

glitch /ɡlɪt͡ʃ/ glitches n
fabht
(countable) A problem affecting function.

glitter /ˈɡlɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡlɪtɚ/ [ˈɡlɪɾɚ] glitters n
glioscarnach
A bright, sparkling light; shininess or brilliance.

gloaming /ˈɡloʊ.mɪŋ/ /ˈɡləʊ.mɪŋ/ gloamings n
amhdhorchacht clapsholas contráth
Twilight, as at early morning (dawn) or (especially) early evening; dusk.

global /ˈɡloʊbəl/ /ˈɡləʊbəl/ more global most global adj
domhanda
Concerning all parts of the world.

global warming n
téamh domhanda
A sustained increase in the average temperature of the Earth, sufficient to cause climate change.

globe /ɡloʊb/ /ɡloːb/ /ɡləʊb/ globes n
cruinneog
A spherical model of Earth or other planet.

globeflower globeflowers n
leolach
Trollius europaeus, a plant with globe-shaped flowers.

globular cluster globular clusters n
réaltbhraisle chruinneogach
(astronomy) a densely-packed spherical star cluster containing thousands to millions of stars

globule /ˈɡlɑbjul/ /ˈɡlɒbjuːl/ globules n
cruinnín liathróidín meallán súileog súilín
A small round particle of substance; a drop.

globulin /ˈɡlɑbjəlɪn/ /ˈɡlɒbjʊlɪn/ globulins n
glóbailin
(protein) Any of a group of simple proteins, soluble in water only in the presence of salts, that are coagulated by heat

gloom /ɡlum/ /ɡluːm/ glooms n
gruaim
Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy; aspect of sorrow; low spirits; dullness.

gloomy /ˈɡlumi/ /ˈɡluːmi/ gloomier gloomiest adj
doilbhir duibheagánach
Not very illuminated; dim because of darkness, especially when appearing depressing or frightening.
duairc gruama
Suffering from gloom; melancholy; dejected.

glorify /ˈɡlɔɹɪfaɪ/ v
glóirigh mór
(transitive) To exalt, or give glory or praise to (something or someone).

glory /ˈɡlo(ː)ɹi/ /ˈɡlɔɹ.i/ /ˈɡlɔː.ɹi/ [ˈɡloɹ.i] glories n
glóir
Worship or praise.

gloss /ɡlɑs/ /ɡlɒs/ /ɡlɔs/ glosses n
gluais
(countable) A brief explanatory note or translation of a foreign, archaic, technical, difficult, complex, or uncommon expression, inserted after the original, in the margin of a document, or between lines of a text.

glossary /ˈɡlɒsəɹi/ glossaries n
foclóirín
A list of difficult words or specialized terms used in a particular book or document, or in a particular domain of knowledge, with their definitions; a list of glosses (explanatory annotations).

glossy /ˈɡlɑsi/ /ˈɡlɒsi/ /ˈɡlɔsi/ glossier glossiest adj
lonrach
Having a smooth, silk-like, reflective (shiny) surface.

glottal stop /ɡlɑtəl stɑp/ /ɡlɒtəl stɒp/ /ɡlɒʔəl stɒp/ glottal stops n
stop glotais
(phonetics) A plosive sound articulated with the glottis.

glove /ɡlʌv/ gloves n
lámhainn miotóg
An item of clothing, covering all or part of the hand and fingers, but usually allowing independent movement of the fingers.

glove compartment glove compartments n
póca lámhainní póca miotóg
(automotive) A compartment recessed in an automobile’s dashboard, that usually has a door and can be locked, intended to hold gloves, papers, etc.

glover /ˈɡlʌvə/ /ˈɡlʌvɚ/ glovers n
lámhainneoir
A person who makes or sells gloves.

glowing /ˈɡloʊɪŋ/ /ˈɡləʊɪŋ/ more glowing most glowing adj
beodhearg breoch caordhearg dathannach gríosach lonrach
That glows or glow.

glucose /ˈɡlukoʊs/ /ˈɡluːkəʊz/ glucoses n
glúcós
(carbohydrate) A simple monosaccharide (sugar) with a molecular formula of C6H12O6; it is a principle source of energy for cellular metabolism.

glue /ɡljuː/ /ɡluː/ glues n
gliú glae
A hard gelatin made by boiling bones and hides, used in solution as an adhesive; or any sticky adhesive substance.

gluepot gluepots n
gliúphota
A pot for holding glue.

gluey gluier gluiest adj
gliúch
Viscous and adhesive, as glue.

glum /ɡlʌm/ glummer glummest adj
púiceach púiciúil
despondent; moody; sullen

glut /ɡlʊt/ /ɡlʌt/ v
anluchtaigh
(transitive) To fill to capacity; to satisfy all demand or requirement; to sate.
(intransitive) To eat gluttonously or to satiety.
calc
(transitive, economics) To provide (a market) with so much of a product that the supply greatly exceeds the demand.

glutton /ˈɡlʌt(ə)n/ gluttons n
amplóir craosaire sutha
One who eats voraciously, obsessively, or to excess; a gormandizer.
amplóir
(by extension) One who consumes anything voraciously, obsessively, or to excess.

gluttony /ˈɡlʌ.tən.i/ gluttonies n
craos
The vice of eating to excess.

gnarled /nɑː(ɹ)ld/ more gnarled most gnarled adj
cnapánach fadharcánach
Knotty and misshapen.
casta
Made rough by age or hard work.

gnat /næt/ gnats n
corrmhíol
Any small insect of the order Diptera, specifically within the suborder Nematocera.

gnomon /ˈnoʊ.mən/ /ˈnoʊˌmɑn/ /ˈnəʊ.mən/ /ˈnəʊˌmɒn/ gnomons n
snáthaid snáthaid chlog gréine
An object such as a pillar or a rod that is used to tell time by the shadow it casts when the sun shines on it, especially the pointer on a sundial. [from mid 16th c.]

gnomonic /nəʊˈmɒnɪk/ adj
nómanach
(cartography) Showing all great circles as straight lines, and thus preserving the shortest distances between any two locations.

gnosis /ˈnəʊ.sɪs/ gnoses n
gnóis
(religion) An immanent form of knowledge or transcendent insight, such as sought by the Gnostics.

gnu /njuː/ /nuː/ /ɡəˈnjuː/ /ɡəˈnuː/ gnu gnus n
gnú
A large antelope of the genus Connochaetes, native to Africa, having curved horns.

go /ɡoʊ/ [ɡu] [ɡɐʉ] [ɡəʉ] [ɡəʊ] v
téigh
(intransitive) To move through space (especially to or through a place). (May be used of tangible things such as people or cars, or intangible things such as moods or information.)

go ahead /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ /ˌɡu əˈhɛd/ /ˌɡɐʉ əˈhɛd/ /ˌɡəʉ əˈhɛd/ /ˌɡəʊ əˈhɛd/ v
ar aghaidh leat ar aghaidh libh lean ort leanaigí oraibh
(in the imperative) Used to grant permission for or to give endorsement of a suggestion or proposal.

go away interjection
imigh leat!

go away v
imigh
To depart or leave a place.

go down v
ísligh
(intransitive) To decrease; to change from a greater value to a lesser one.
To descend; to move from a higher place to a lower one.

go on v
bí ar bun bí ar siúl tarlaigh
(intransitive) To happen (occur).

go out v
amach téigh
(intransitive) To leave, especially a building.
(intransitive, of a couple) To have a romantic relationship, one that involves going out together on dates; to be a couple.

go to hell v
téigh go h-ifreann téigí go h-ifreann
Expression of anger and contempt directed at someone, especially after that individual has done something very wrong.

go to seed v
dul chun síl
(of a plant) To pass from flowering or ripening to the formation of seeds.

go without saying v
ní gá é sin a rá
(idiomatic, impersonal) To not need to be said; to be obvious, apparent, clear, or already established.

goad /ɡoʊd/ /ɡəʊd/ goads n
brod
A long, pointed stick used to prod animals.

goad /ɡoʊd/ /ɡəʊd/ v
broid griog prioc saighid

goal /ɡoʊl/ /ɡɐʉl/ /ɡəʊl/ [ɡoɫ] [ɡɒʊɫ] goals n
sprioc
A result that one is attempting to achieve.
báire cúl
(sport) In many sports, an area into which the players attempt to put an object.
(sport) The act of placing the object into the goal.
A point scored in a game as a result of placing the object into the goal.

goal line goal lines n
cúl-líne líne chúil
(rugby league, soccer, hurling, Gaelic football) the boundary of the field that runs along its width at each end, and across the front of the goal.
cúl-líne
(ice hockey) the red line that runs across the rink and the front of the goal.

goat /ɡoʊt/ /ɡoːt/ /ɡɐʉt/ /ɡəʊt/ [ɡoʊʔt̚] goats n
gabhar
(uncountable) The meat of the aforementioned animal.

goatee /ɡəʊˈtiː/ /ˌɡoʊˈtiː/ goatees n
cab féasóige caibín féasóige meigeall
A beard trimmed to grow only at the center of the chin.

gobble /ˈɡɑbl̩/ /ˈɡɒbl̩/ v
alp plac slog siar
To eat hastily or greedily; to scoff or scarf (often used with up)

goblet /ˈɡɒblət/ goblets n
cuach
A drinking vessel with a foot and stem.

goblin /ˈɡɑb.lɪn/ /ˈɡɒb.lɪn/ goblins n
púca
One of various hostile supernatural creatures, now especially (fantasy literature) a malevolent and grotesque diminutive humanoid, often associated with orcs or trolls.

goby /ˈɡəʊbi/ gobies goby n
mac siobháin snag
A gudgeon of fish of the subfamily Gobioninae, such as Gobio gobio.

god /ɡɑd/ /ɡɒd/ /ɡɒːd/ /ɡɔd/ /ɡɔːd/ gods n
dia déithe

goddess /-ɛs/ /-ɪs/ /ˈɡɑdəs/ /ˈɡɒdɛs/ goddesses n
bandia
(religion) A female deity.
(figuratively) A woman honored or adored as physically attractive or of superior charm and intelligence.

godfather /ˈɡɑdfɑðɚ/ /ˈɡɒdfɑːðə/ godfathers n
athair baistí oide baistí
(Christianity) A man present at the christening of a baby who promises to help raise the child in a Christian manner; a male godparent who sponsors the baptism of a child.

godly /ˈɡɑdli/ /ˈɡɒdli/ godlier godliest more godly most godly adj
diaga
Of or pertaining to a god
diaganta
Devoted to a god or God; devout; holy; righteous.

godmother /ˈɡɒdmʌðə/ godmothers n
máthair bhaistí
A woman present at the christening of a baby who promises to help raise the child in a Christian manner; a female godparent who sponsors the baptism of a child.

godparent godparents n
cara as Críost
A person who, at a child's naming ceremony or baptism, agrees to help raise the child, originally and especially in regard to their religious development.

godson /ˈɡɑdˌsʌn/ /ˈɡɒdˌsʌn/ godsons n
mac baistí
A male child whose baptism is sponsored by a godparent.

goer /ˈɡoʊɚ/ goers n
imeachtaí
One who, or that which, goes.

going to /ɡoʊnə/ /ɡoʊɪn tə/ /ɡoʊɪnə/ /ɡoʊɪŋ tə/ /ɡənə/ /ˈɡoʊɪŋ tu/ phraseologicalUnit
chun
Expresses the prospective aspect relative to a given time frame: something that will happen, or is intended, at the time, to happen.

goitre /ˈɡɔɪ.tə/ /ˈɡɔɪ.tɚ/ goitres n
ainglis
(pathology, UK) An enlargement of the front and sides of the neck caused by inflammation of the thyroid gland.

goitrous more goitrous most goitrous adj
aingliseach
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a goitre

gold /ɡaʉld/ /ɡoʊld/ /ɡuːld/ /ɡəʊld/ [ɡɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ɡɔʊ(ɫ)d] symbol
ór
☉ (alchemy)

gold medal gold medals n
bonn óir
A medal made of, or having the color of, gold, given as a prize for winning .

gold-bearing more gold-bearing most gold-bearing adj
órtháirgeach
(of a mineral or ore) containing or producing gold

goldcrest goldcrests n
dreoilín ceannbhuí dreoilín cíorbhuí
A very small passerine bird, Regulus regulus, that breeds in Eurasia.

golden /ˈɡoʊl.dən/ /ˈɡəʊl.dən/ [ˈɡɒʊ̯ɫ.dn̩] [ˈɡəɫ.dn̩] goldener goldenest more golden most golden adj
órga
Made of, or relating to, gold.

golden eagle /ˈɡəʊl.dən ˈiː.ɡəl/ golden eagles n
iolar fíréan
A large bird of prey, Aquila chrysaetos, that hunts while soaring.

golden oriole golden orioles n
óiréal órga
A bright yellow and black passerine songbird, Oriolus oriolus, of Europe and western Asia.

golden plover golden plovers n
feadóg bhuí feadóg shléibhe
A migratory plover of the genus Pluvialis, having black underparts and a golden back in the breeding season, now regarded as the three species P. apricaria of Europe, P. fulva of the Pacific coasts, and P. dominica of North America.

goldeneye /ˈɡəʊldənaɪ/ goldeneyes n
órshúileach
Any of several seaducks, of the genus Bucephala, having black and white plumage.

goldenrod /ˈɡoʊldənˌɹɑd/ goldenrods n
slat óir
A golden-yellow colour, like that of the goldenrod plant.

goldfinch goldfinches n
coinnleoir Muire
Any of several small passerine birds of the finch family

goldminer goldminers n
mianadóir óir
Somebody who digs for gold

golem /ˈɡoʊ.ləm/ /ˈɡɑl.əm/ /ˈɡɒl.əm/ /ˈɡəʊ.ləm/ golems n
gólam
(mythology) A humanoid creature made from clay, animated by magic.

golf /ɡɑlf/ /ɡɒf/ /ɡɒlf/ /ɡɔlf/ n
galf
(sports) A ball game played by individuals competing against one another in which the object is to hit a ball into each of a series of (usually 18 or nine) holes in the minimum number of strokes.

gonad /ˈɡəʊ.næd/ gonads n
gónad
(anatomy) A sex organ that produces gametes; specifically, a testicle or ovary.

gone /ɡɑn/ /ɡɒn/ /ɡɔn/ /ɡɔːn/ further gone furthest gone goner gonest adj
ar shiúl
Away, having left.

gonorrhea /ˌɡɑn.əˈɹi.ə/ /ˌɡɒn.əˈɹiː.ə/ gonorrheas n
gónairith
(American spelling) A sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a species of bacteria (the gonococcus) that affects the mucous membrane of the genital and urinary tracts.

good /ɡʉd/ /ɡʊ(d)/ /ɡʊd/ [ɡud] [ɡɪ̈d] [ɡʊd] [ɡʊ̈d] best better gooder goodest adj
maith
Acting in the interest of what is beneficial, ethical, or moral.
Useful for a particular purpose; functional.
Pleasant; enjoyable.

good evening interjection
tráthnóna maith agat
(generally formal in, _, US, Canada) Used as a greeting in the evening.

good heavens /ɡʊd ˈhɛvənz/ interjection
a Mhaighdean bheannaithe! a thiarcais! go bhfóire Dia orainn!
(dated, exclamation) An exclamation of surprise or shock.

good looks n
gnaoi
visual attractiveness

good luck /ˌɡʊd ˈlʌk/ interjection
go n-éirí an t-ádh leat go n-éirí leat ádh mór ort
Used to wish fortune on someone or as encouragement.

good luck /ˌɡʊd ˈlʌk/ n
sonas
Desirable or beneficial fortune.

good morning /ˌɡʊd ˈmɔɹnɪŋ/ /ˌɡʊd ˈmɔːnɪŋ/ interjection
maidin mhaith
Used as a greeting when meeting someone for the first time in the morning.

good news n
soscéala
(Christianity) The message of Jesus concerning the salvation of the faithful (as elaborated in the Gospels)

good night phraseologicalUnit
oíche mhaith
A farewell said in the evening or before going to sleep.

good riddance /ˌɡʊd ˈɹɪd(ə)ns/ /ˌɡʊd ˈɹɪdns/ interjection
bliain mhaith i diaidh
Used to indicate that a departure or loss is welcome.

good-for-nothing adj
fágtha
(idiomatic) Useless; worthless.

good-for-nothing good-for-nothings n
cúl-le-rath
A person of little worth or usefulness.

good-looking /ˈɡʊdˈlʊk.ɪŋ/ best-looking better-looking more good-looking most good-looking adj
dathúil dóighiúil gnaíúil slachtmhar
Physically attractive (of a person).

good-naturedness n
nádúrthacht
The quality of being good-natured.

good-tempered more good-tempered most good-tempered adj
réidh
Not easily irritated; affable

goodbye /ɡədˈbaɪ/ /ɡəˈbaɪ/ /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/ interjection
go ngnóthaigh Dia duit slán agat slán leat beannacht Dé leat mo bheannacht leat
Farewell; a formula used to another person or persons when the speaker, writer, or person addressed is departing.

goodness /ˈɡʊdnəs/ /ˈɡʊdnɪs/ goodnesses n
maitheas maith
(uncountable) The state or characteristic of being good.

goods /ɡʊdz/ v
earraí
that which is produced, traded, bought or sold

goods train goods trains n
traein earraí
A train used for the transportation of goods.

goodwill /ɡʊdˈwɪl/ goodwills n
dea-mhéin
A favorably disposed attitude toward someone or something.
cáilmheas dea-thoil
(accounting) The value of a business entity not directly attributable to its tangible assets and liabilities, deriving from factors such as consumer loyalty to the brand.
(business) A concept used to refer to the ability of an individual or business to exert influence within a community, club, market or another type of group, without having to resort to the use of an asset (such as money or property), either directly or by the creation of a lien.

google /ˈɡuː.ɡəl/ v
gúgláil
To search for (something) on the Internet using the Google search engine.

goose /ˈɡuːs/ /ˈɡʉs/ geese n
gé
Any of various grazing waterfowl of the family Anatidae, which have feathers and webbed feet and are capable of flying, swimming, and walking on land, and which are bigger than ducks.

goose bump goose bumps n
craiceann circe craiceann gé cáithníní
(chiefly, in plural) Raised skin, usually caused by the involuntary erection of hairs on the neck or arms caused by cold, excitement, or fear.

gooseberry /ˈɡusˌbɛɹi/ /ˈɡuːsb(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɡʊzb(ə)ɹi/ gooseberries n
spíonán
A fruit of species Ribes uva-crispa, related to the currant.

goosefoot /ˈɡuːsfʊt/ goosefoots n
blonagán ceathrú chaorach cos ghé
Any of many flowering plants, of the subfamily Chenopodioideae, having small greenish flowers.

goral gorals n
garal
A type of Asian ungulate ruminant, now defined as any of the four species of the genus Naemorhedus.

gorge /ɡɔɹd͡ʒ/ /ɡɔːdʒ/ v
déan anspás
(intransitive, reflexive) To stuff the gorge or gullet with food; to eat greedily and in large quantities. [with on]

gorgeous /ˈɡɔɹd͡ʒəs/ /ˈɡɔːdʒəs/ more gorgeous most gorgeous adj
aoibhinn galánta álainn
(of a person or place) Very beautiful.

gorilla /ɡɒˈɹɪl.ə/ /ɡəˈɹɪl.ə/ gorillas n
goraille
The largest of the apes, belonging to the genus Gorilla, native to the forests of central Africa and known for their trait of knuckle-walking.

gorse /ɡɔɹs/ /ɡɔːs/ gorses n
aiteann aiteannach
An evergreen shrub, of the genus Ulex, having thorns, spiny leaves, and yellow flowers.

gory /ˈɡɔɹ.i/ /ˈɡɔː.ɹi/ gorier goriest adj
fuilteach
Covered with blood; very bloody.

goshawk /ˈɡɑshɑk/ /ˈɡɒshɔːk/ goshawks n
spioróg mhór
Any of several birds of prey, principally in the genus Accipiter.

gosling /ɡɑzlɪŋ/ /ɡɒzlɪŋ/ goslings n
góislín éan gé
A young goose.

gospel /ˈɡɑspəl/ /ˈɡɒspəl/ gospels n
soiscéal
The first section of the Christian New Testament scripture, comprising the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, concerned with the birth, ministry, passion, and resurrection of Jesus.

gossamer /ˈɡɑ.sə.mɚ/ /ˈɡɒ.sə.mə/ gossamers n
téada an phúca
A fine film or strand as of cobwebs, floating in the air or caught on bushes, etc.

gossip /ˈɡɑs.ɪp/ /ˈɡɒs.ɪp/ gossips n
scéalaíocht
(uncountable) Idle talk about someone’s private or personal matters, especially someone not present.

goulash /ˈɡuː.læʃ/ /ˈɡuː.lɑːʃ/ goulashes n
gúláis
A stew of beef or veal and vegetables, flavoured with paprika.

government /ˈɡɐvmɘnt/ /ˈɡɐvɘ(n)mɘnt/ /ˈɡəv(ə)mɛnt/ /ˈɡəvɚ(n)mənt/ /ˈɡʌvə(n)mənt/ governments n
rialtas
The body with the power to make and/or enforce laws to control a country, land area, people or organization.

government bond government bonds n
banna stáit
(finance, government) A bond issued by a national government, generally with a promise to pay periodic interest payments and to repay the face value on the maturity date.

governor /ˈɡʌv(ə)nə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡʌvənə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡʌvənɚ/ /ˈɡʌvɚnɚ/ governess governors n
gobharnóir
(politics) The chief executive officer of a first-level division of a country.

governor general /ˈɡɐv(ɘ)nɘ ˌdʒenɹɘl/ /ˈɡʌv(ə)nə ˌdʒɛnɹəl/ /ˈɡʌvənɚ ˌdʒɛn(ə)ɹəl/ [ˈɡɐv(ɘ̃)nɜ ˌdʒẽnɹɯ] governors general n
fear ionaid rí
(Canada, Australia, New Zealand) An official appointed by the reigning British monarch to govern a Commonwealth realm as the monarch's representative.

gown /ɡaʊn/ gowns n
gúna
A woman's ordinary outer dress, such as a calico or silk gown.
The official robe of certain professionals, clerics, and scholars, such as university students and officers, barristers, judges, etc.

grace /ɡɹeɪs/ graces n
grástúlacht
(uncountable) Elegant movement; balance or poise.
cairde
(uncountable, finance) An allowance of time granted to a debtor during which he or she is free of at least part of his normal obligations towards the creditor.
grásta
(uncountable, theology) Free and undeserved favour, especially of God; unmerited divine assistance given to humans for their regeneration or sanctification, or for resisting sin.

grace note /ˈɡɹeɪs nəʊt/ /ˈɡɹeɪs ˌnoʊt/ grace notes n
nóta maise
(music) A musical note, indicated on a score in smaller type with or without a slash through it, played to ornament the melody rather than as part of it. Its note value does not count as part of the total time value of the measure it appears in.

graceful /ˈɡɹeɪsfʊl/ more graceful most graceful adj
spéiriúil
Having or showing grace in movement, shape, or proportion.

gracefully /ˈɡɹeɪsfəli/ more gracefully most gracefully adv
ealaíonta mómhar seolta spéiriúil
In a graceful manner.

gracefulness gracefulnesses n
spéiriúlacht
The state of being graceful.

gradient /ˈɡɹeɪdiənt/ gradients n
grádán
A slope or incline.
(calculus, of a function) The ratio of the rates of change of a dependent variable and an independent variable, the slope of a curve's tangent.
(, calculus) A differential operator that maps each point of a scalar field to a vector pointed in the direction of the greatest rate of change of the scalar. Notation for a scalar field φ: ∇φ

gradual /ˈɡɹadjuəl/ /ˈɡɹadʒuəl/ /ˈɡɹadʒəl/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəl/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒəl/ /ˈɡɹɛdʒɘl/ /ˈɡɹɛdʒʉɘl/ more gradual most gradual adj
dréimreach
Proceeding or advancing by small, slow, regular steps or degrees

graduate /ˈɡɹædjueɪt/ /ˈɡɹædjuət/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒueɪt/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuɪt/ graduates n
céimí
A person who is recognized by a university as having completed the requirements of a degree studied at the institution.

graffiti /ɡɹəˈfiti/ /ɡɹəˈfiːti/ graffiti n
graifítí
(chiefly, uncountable) Drawings or words drawn on a surface in a public place, usually made without authorization.

graft /ɡɹæft/ /ɡɹɑːft/ grafts n
beangán
(countable) A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit.
(countable) A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot.

grain /ɡɹeɪn/ grains n
grán
(uncountable) The harvested seeds of various grass food crops eg: wheat, corn, barley.
snáithe
(uncountable) A linear texture of a material or surface.

grain elevator grain elevators n
ardaitheoir gráin
(agriculture, North America) A large structure for the storage of grain. It is more specialized than a regular granary in that in uses an elevating mechanism to hold the grain in one of many different bins, and that it it designed to fill large trucks and train cars for shipping grain in bulk.

gram /ɡɹæm/ grams n
gram
A unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.

gram atom gram atoms n
gram-adamh

grammar /ˈɡɹæ.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɹæ.mɚ/ grammars n
gramadach
A system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.
(uncountable, linguistics) The study of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the use of words in the construction of phrases and sentences (syntax).
A book describing the rules of grammar of a language.
(computing theory) A formal system specifying the syntax of a language.

grammar school grammar schools n
scoil ghramadaí
(archaic) A school that teaches its pupils the grammar system of a European language, especially Latin and Greek.

grammatical case grammatical cases n
tuiseal
(grammar) A mode of inflection of a word dependent on its use, especially the syntactic function in a phrase.

grand /ɡɹænd/ grander grandest more grand most grand adj
galánta seoigh
(Ireland, Northern England, colloquial, otherwise, _, dated) Fine; lovely.

grand duke grand dukes n
ard-diúc.
Ruler or monarch of a grand duchy.
Son, daughter, or grandchild of a czar (emperor) of the Russian Empire. (A more literal translation of the Russian is grand prince.)

grand jury grand juries n
ard-ghiúiré

grand piano grand pianos n
mórphianó
(musical instruments) A large piano in which the strings are strung horizontally in a heavy frame shaped like a harp

grandchild grandchildren n
clann clainne duine garchlainne garpháiste ó
A child of someone's child.

granddaughter granddaughters n
gariníon
The daughter of someone's child.

grandeur /ˈɡɹæn.d(j)ɚ/ /ˈɡɹæn.d(j)ʊɚ/ /ˈɡɹæn.d͡ʒɚ/ /ˈɡɹæn.d͡ʒʊɚ/ grandeurs n
ardchéim
The state of being grand or splendid; magnificence.
ardnós
Nobility (state of being noble).

grandfather /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌfɑðɚ/ /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌfɑːðə(r)/ /ˈɡɹændˌfɑːðə/ [ˈɡɹ̠(ʷ)ẽˑə̯̃n(d)ˌfɑˑðɚ] grandfathers n
seanathair athair críonna
A father of someone's parent. [from 15th c.]
(computing) The archived older version of a file that immediately preceded the father file.

grandma /ˈɡɹænmɑː/ /ˈɡɹænmə/ grandmas n
maimeó mamó móraí
(informal) Grandmother.

grandmother /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðə(r)/ /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðɚ/ /ˈɡɹænˌmʌðə/ grandmothers n
máthair mhór mamó máthair chríonna seanmháthair
A mother of someone's parent.

grandnephew grandnephews n
garnia
A grandson of one's sibling; a son of one's nephew or niece. (Brother's grandson: fraternal grandnephew. Sister's grandson: sororal grandnephew.)

grandniece grandnieces n
garneacht
A granddaughter of one's sibling; a daughter of one's nephew or niece. (Brother's granddaughter: fraternal grandniece. Sister's granddaughter: sororal grandniece.)

grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pæɹənt/ /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/ grandparents n
seantuismitheoir
the parent of someone's parent

grandson /ˈɡɹæn(d)sʌn/ grandsons n
ó mac iníne mac mic
A son of one's child.

granite /ˈɡɹæn.aɪt/ /ˈɡɹæn.ɪt/ granites n
eibhear
(rock) A group of igneous and plutonic rocks composed primarily of feldspar and quartz. Usually contains one or more dark minerals, which may be mica, pyroxene, or amphibole. Granite is quarried for building stone, road gravel, decorative stone, and tombstones. Common colors are gray, white, pink, and yellow-brown.

granny /ˈɡɹæni/ grannies n
seanbhean seanchailleach
(colloquial, derogatory) An elderly woman.

granny knot granny knots n
dol ciotach
A knot similar to the reef knot but crossed the opposite way.

grant /ɡɹænt/ /ɡɹɑːnt/ /ɡɹɒnt/ grants n
tíolacadh
(law) A transfer of property by deed or writing; especially, an appropriation or conveyance made by the government.

granulate /ˈɡɹæn.jul.eɪt/ /ˈɡɹæn.jul.ət/ /ˈɡɹæn.juːl.eɪt/ /ˈɡɹæn.juːl.ət/ /ˈɡɹæn.jəl.eɪt/ /ˈɡɹæn.jəl.ət/ v
gránaigh meil
(transitive) To segment into tiny grains or particles.

granuloma granulomas granulomata n
granalóma
(pathology) an inflammatory nodule consisting of histiocytes (macrophages) attempting to wall off substances they perceive as foreign but are unable to eliminate, such as certain infectious organisms as well as other materials such as foreign objects, keratin and suture fragments.
(medicine, less specific) any small nodule

grape /ɡɹeɪp/ grapes n
fíonchaor
(countable) A small, round, smooth-skinned edible fruit, usually purple, red, or green, that grows in bunches on vines of genus Vitis.
(countable) Any of various fruits or plants with varying resemblances to those of genus Vitis but belonging to other genera; their edibility varies.

grape hyacinth grape hyacinths n
bú fíniúna
Any of the species of three genera in the Hyacinthinae subtribe (family Asparagaceae) that produce racemes of small blue flowers, Muscari, Pseudomuscari, and Leopoldia.

grapefruit /ˈɡɹeɪpfɹut/ /ˈɡɹeɪpfɹuːt/ grapefruit grapefruits n
seadóg
The large spherical tart fruit produced by this tree.

grapevine grapevine grapevines n
fíniúin
The plant, a vine of genus Vitis, on which grapes grow.

graph /ɡɹæf/ /ɡɹɑːf/ graphs n
graf
(mathematics) A set of points constituting a graphical representation of a real function; (formally) a set of tuples (x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_m, y)\in\R^{m+1}, where y=f(x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_m) for a given function f: \R^m\rightarrow\R. See also w:Graph of a function on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
(graph theory) A set of vertices (or nodes) connected together by edges; (formally) an ordered pair of sets (V,E), where the elements of V are called vertices or nodes and E is a set of pairs (called edges) of elements of V. See also w:Graph (discrete mathematics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

graph /ɡɹæf/ /ɡɹɑːf/ v
graf
(transitive, mathematics) To draw a graph of a function.

graph paper graph papers n
grafpháipéar
Paper ruled into small squares, usually of equal size, for use in drawing graphs or other charts.

graph theory graph theories n
graiftheoiric
(uncountable, mathematics) The branch of mathematics dealing with the properties of graphs (networks of vertices and edges).

graphic /ˈɡɹæfɪk/ graphics n
grafaic
A drawing or picture.
(mostly in plural) A computer-generated image as viewed on a screen forming part of a game or a film etc.

graphics /ˈɡɹæfɪks/ n
grafaic grafaíocht
The making of architectural or design drawings.
grafaic
(computing) The pictorial representation and manipulation of data; the process by which a computer displays data.

graphite /ˈɡɹæfaɪt/ graphites n
graifít
An allotrope of carbon, consisting of planes of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal arrays with the planes stacked loosely, that is used as a dry lubricant, in "lead" pencils, and as a moderator in some nuclear reactors.

grasping /ˈɡɹæspɪŋ/ /ˈɡɹɑːspɪŋ/ more grasping most grasping adj
santach
Greedy, eager for wealth.

graspingness n
gabhálacht
the quality of being grasping

grass /ɡɹæs/ /ɡɹɑːs/ [ɡɹ̠as] [ɡɹ̠eəs] [ɡɹ̠äs] [ɡɹ̠äːs] [ɡɹ̠æs] [ɡɹ̠ɐːs] [ɡɹ̠ɑːs] [ɡɹ̠ɛəs] grasses n
féar
(countable, uncountable) Any plant of the family Poaceae, characterized by leaves that arise from nodes in the stem and leaf bases that wrap around the stem, especially those grown as ground cover rather than for grain.
(uncountable, slang) Marijuana.

grass snake grass snakes n
nathair féir
A nonvenomous snake of species Natrix natrix, native to Europe, with a yellow collar.

grasshopper /ɡɹæsˌhɒpə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɹæsˌhɑpəɹ/ /ˈɡɹɑːsˌhɒpə(ɹ)/ grasshoppers n
dreoilín teaspaigh píobaire fraoigh
A mostly herbivorous insect of the order Orthoptera, noted for its ability to jump long distances and for the habit of some species communicating by stridulation; they are related to but distinct from crickets.

grassland grasslands n
talamh féaraigh
An area dominated by grass or grasslike vegetation.

grassy /ˈɡɹæsi/ /ˈɡɹɑːsi/ grassier grassiest adj
féarúil
Covered with grass.
Resembling grass.

grateful /ˈɡɹeɪtfəl/ gratefuller gratefullest more grateful most grateful adj
buíoch altaitheach buíochas a bheith ag
Appreciative; thankful.
(obsolete, or, archaic) Pleasing, welcome.

gratitude /ˈɡɹætɪt(j)ud/ gratitudes n
buíochas
The state of being grateful.

grave /ɡɹeɪv/ /ɡɹɑːv/ graves n
uaigh
(narrowly) An excavation in the earth as a place of burial.

grave /ɡɹeɪv/ /ɡɹɑːv/ v
grábháil
(intransitive, obsolete) To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave.
(transitive, obsolete) To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture.

grave accent grave accents n
graif
(countable) A diacritic mark ( ` ) used in many languages to distinguish the pronunciations of vowels.

gravedigger /ˈɡɹeɪv.ˌdɪɡ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɹeɪv.ˌdɪɡ.əɹ/ gravediggers n
reiligire
A person employed to dig graves.

gravel /ˈɡɹævəl/ gravels n
gairbhéal
(uncountable) Small fragments of rock, used for laying on the beds of roads and railways, and as ballast.

graven adj
greanta grábháilte

graven image graven images n
íomhá ghreanta íomhá ghrábháilte
A carved idol or representation of a god used as an object of worship.

graveyard /ˈɡɹeɪvˌjɑɹd/ graveyards n
reilig cill
A tract of land in which the dead are buried.

gravitate /ˈɡɹævɪteɪt/ v
imtharraing
(intransitive, astrophysics) To move under the force of gravity.
(intransitive, figuratively) To tend or drift towards someone or something, as though being pulled by gravity.

gravitation /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃən/ gravitations n
imtharraingt
(physics) The fundamental force of attraction that exists between all matter in the universe, caused by the curvature of spacetime caused by matter. It is the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, and possesses a gauge boson known as the graviton.

gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/ adj
imtharraingteach
Pertaining to, or caused by, gravity or gravitation.

gravitational wave /ˌɡɹæ.vəˈteɪ.ʃə.nəl weɪv/ gravitational waves n
tonnta imtharraingteacha
(relativity) A fluctuation in spacetime caused by accelerating mass, which propagates as a wave at the speed of light.

graviton /ˈɡɹavɪtɒn/ gravitons n
graibheatón
(particle) A hypothetical gauge boson that regulates the gravitational force. It would have a spin of 2 and zero rest mass.

gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/ gravities n
imtharraingt
(physics) The force at the Earth's surface, of the attraction by the Earth's masses, and the centrifugal pseudo-force caused by the Earth's rotation, resulting from gravitation.
(loosely, see usage notes) Gravitation, the universal force exercised by two bodies onto each other.

gravy /ˈɡɹeɪvi/ gravies n
súlach
(Southern US) A pale sauce prepared from a roux with meat fat; a type of béchamel sauce.

gray /ɡɹeɪ/ grayer grayest more gray most gray adj
liath glas
Of a gray hue.
Of an indistinct, disputed or uncertain quality.
glas
Dreary, gloomy.

gray /ɡɹeɪ/ grays n
liath glas
An achromatic colour between black and white.

gray /ɡɹeɪ/ v
liath
To cause to become gray.

gray squirrel gray squirrels n
iora glas
Sciurus carolinensis, a species of squirrel, found in the eastern and midwestern United States and Canada, and western Europe, eastern gray squirrel.

grayish /ˈɡɹeɪ.ɪʃ/ more grayish most grayish adj
scothliath
Somewhat gray.

grayling grayling graylings n
donnóg aille
Any of species Hipparchia semele, of the family Nymphalidae of butterflies.

graze /ɡɹeɪz/ v
cuir ar féarach
(transitive) To feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture for.
bí ag innilt bí ag iníor bí ar féarach
(ambitransitive) To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a pasture)
scinn
(transitive) To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing) in passing.

grease /ɡɹis/ /ɡɹiz/ /ɡɹiːs/ greases n
bealadh
(by extension) Any oily or fatty matter.

grease /ɡɹis/ /ɡɹiz/ /ɡɹiːs/ v
bealaigh
(transitive) To put grease or fat on something, especially in order to lubricate.

greasepaint /ˈɡriːs.peɪnt/ greasepaints n
gréisclí
A mixture of grease and coloring matter used as theatrical makeup.

greaseproof more greaseproof most greaseproof adj
gréiscdhíonach
Resistant to grease.

greasiness greasinesses n
bealaíocht gréisceacht
The state of being greasy.

greasy /ˈɡɹi.si/ /ˈɡɹi.zi/ /ˈɡɹiː.si/ greasier greasiest adj
gréisceach
Having a slippery surface; having a surface covered with grease.
bealaithe gréisceach
Containing a lot of grease or fat.

great /ɡɹet/ /ɡɹiːt/ /ɡɹɛːt/ /ˈɡɹeɪt/ /ˈɡɹæɪt/ [ˈɡɹeːt] [ˈɡɹɛːt] greater greatest adj
diail
(informal) Very good; excellent; wonderful; fantastic. [from 1848]
mór ábhal
Doing or exemplifying (a characteristic or pursuit) on a large scale; active or enthusiastic.

great /ɡɹet/ /ɡɹiːt/ /ɡɹɛːt/ /ˈɡɹeɪt/ /ˈɡɹæɪt/ [ˈɡɹeːt] [ˈɡɹɛːt] interjection
iontach
Expression of gladness and content about something.
A sarcastic inversion thereof.

great auk great auks n
falcóg mhór
A large extinct auk (†Pinguinus impennis).

great circle great circles n
mórchiorcal
A segment of such circle representing the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere.

great crested grebe great crested grebes n
foitheach mór
A freshwater bird of Europe and Asia, Podiceps cristatus.

great deal great deals n
mórchuid
(idiomatic, usually singular) Large number, amount, or extent.

great egret great egrets n
éigrit mhór
A large, white egret, Ardea alba, found around the world.

great grey owl great grey owls n
ulchabhán mór liath
Strix nebulosa, a very large owl.

great horned owl great horned owls n
mórulchabhán cluasach
Any of species Bubo virginianus of large owls, resident in North America, having tufts on its ears.

great horsetail great horsetails n
eireaball capaill mór feadóg
A plant in the taxonomic genus Equisetum (horsetails); Equisetum telmateia.

great minds think alike proverb
tuigeann fáidh fáidh eile
Used to emphasize a coincidence, or two people reaching the same conclusion in any manner at the same time.

great northern diver great northern divers n
lóma mór
(UK, Ireland) A large member of the diver family, Gavia immer, commonly breeding in North America, where it is known as the as common loon.

great spotted woodpecker /ˈɡɹeɪt ˈspɒtəd ˈwʊdpɛkəɹ/ great spotted woodpeckers n
mórchnagaire breac
A species of woodpecker, Dendrocopos major.

great tit /ˈɡɹeɪt tɪt/ great tits n
meantán mór
A bird in the Paridae family, Parus major.

great white shark great white sharks n
siorc bán mór
A large shark, Carcharodon carcharias, of coastal surface waters in all major oceans that feeds on fish and marine mammals.

great- prefix
sean-
With familial designations, used to denote a removal of one generation

great-aunt great-aunts n
sean-aintín
An aunt of one's parent (i.e. a sister or sister-in-law of one's grandparent).

great-grandfather great-grandfathers n
garathair
The father of one's grandparent.

great-grandmother great-grandmothers n
sin-seanmháthair
The mother of one's grandparent.

great-uncle great-uncles n
seanuncail
An uncle of one's parent (i.e. a brother or brother-in-law of one's grandparent).

greater argentine greater argentines n
airgintín mór
A northern Atlantic fish, herring-smelt (Argentina silus, syn. Salmo silus)

greater bilby greater bilbies n
bilbí mór
An endangered and the only known extant species of bilby, a rabbit-sized marsupial, Macrotis lagotis, endemic to arid regions of central Australia but previously more widespread.

grebe /ɡɹiːb/ grebes n
foitheach
Any of several waterbirds in the cosmopolitan family Podicipedidae. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.

greed /ɡɹid/ greeds n
antlás gionach saint
A selfish or excessive desire for more than is needed or deserved, especially of money, wealth, food, or other possessions.

greedy /ˈɡɹiːdi/ greedier greediest adj
alpartha
alpach amplach amplúil antlásach cíocrach santach
Having greed; consumed by selfish desires.
alpach gionach
Prone to overeat.

green /ɡɹin/ /ɡɹiːn/ greener greenest adj
glas uaine
Unripe, said of certain fruits that change color when they ripen.
(figurative) Inexperienced.
(figurative) Environmentally friendly.
(particle physics) Having a color charge of green.

green /ɡɹin/ /ɡɹiːn/ greens n
glas uaine
The colour of grass and leaves; a primary additive colour midway between yellow and cyan which is evoked by light between roughly roughly 495–570 nm.
(politics, sometimes capitalised) A member of a green party; an environmentalist.

green alder green alders n
fearnóg ghlas
A tree in the genus Alnus; Alnus viridis.

green belt /ˈɡrin ˌbɛlt/ /ˈɡriːn bɛlt/ green belts n
crios glas
(chiefly, Britain) An area of agricultural land around an urban area that is protected from large-scale building.

green light green lights n
solas glas
A traffic light in its green state (indicating that vehicles may proceed).

green pepper green peppers n
piobar glas
The green, unripe, form of the sweet bell pepper. Popular in cooking, especially Italian cuisine. The unripe bell pepper is green and generally changes to other colors as it matures, cultivars exist for red, orange, yellow and other shades.

green vitriol n
vitrial glas
(dated) Iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4)

green woodpecker /ɡɹinˈwʊdpɛkə(ɹ)/ green woodpeckers n
cnagaire glas
Any of species Picus viridis of European woodpeckers.

greenfinch /ˈɡɹin.fɪnt͡ʃ/ /ˈɡɹiːn.fɪnt͡ʃ/ greenfinches n
glasán darach
European greenfinch, a common Old World finch (Chloris chloris, syn. Carduelis chloris), mainly green with yellow in the wings and tail.

greengage /ˈɡɹiːnɡeɪd͡ʒ/ greengages n
glasphluma
A plum cultivar with greenish-yellow flesh and skin, Prunus domestica subsp. italica var. claudiana.

greengrocer /ˈɡɹinˌɡɹəʊs.ə(ɹ)/ greengrocers n
grósaeir glasraí siopadóir glasraí
(chiefly, British, AU, NZ, Irish) A person who sells fresh vegetables and fruit, normally from a relatively small shop.

greenish /ˈɡɹiːnɪʃ/ more greenish most greenish adj
scothghlas
Somewhat green in color.

greenkeeper greenkeepers n
feighlí cúrsa
(golf) An employee responsible for the maintenance of a golf course.

greensward /ˈɡɹiːnswɔːd/ greenswards n
báinseach
A tract of land that is green with grass.

greeting card greeting cards n
cárta beannachta
A card, typically folded in half and available commercially, that is sent to someone as a greeting. (This entry is a translation hub.)

grenade /ɡɹəˈneɪd/ grenades n
gránáid
A small explosive device, designed to be thrown by hand or launched using a rifle, grenade launcher, or rocket.

grey alder grey alders n
fearnóg liath
A tree in the genus Alnus, native to North America and Europe; Alnus incana.

grey heron /ɡɹeɪ ˈhɛɹ.ən/ grey herons n
corr réisc
Ardea cinerea, an Old World wading bird of the heron family.

grey market grey markets n
margadh liath
(business) The buying and selling of goods through distribution channels other than those authorized or intended by the manufacturer or producer.
(finance) The trading of shares before they are listed on the stock exchange.

grey seal grey seals n
rón glas
A seal species (Halichoerus grypus).

grey wagtail grey wagtails n
glasóg liath
A small passerine bird in the family Motacillidae (Motacilla cinerea).

grey wolf grey wolves n
faolchú liath
A large canid, Canis lupus, once found throughout forested areas of northern Europe, Asia and America; it shares a common ancestry with the domestic dog.

grey-haired adj
ceannliath liath
Having grey hair.

greyhound /ˈɡɹeɪhaʊnd/ greyhounds n
cú
A lean breed of dog used in hunting and racing.

greylag goose /ˌɡɹeɪlæɡ ˈɡuːs/ greylag geese n
gé ghlas
Anser anser, a goose found across much of the Palearctic.

grid /ɡɹɪd/ grids n
eangach léarscáile
(cartography) A method of marking off maps into areas.

griddle /ˈɡɹɪdəl/ griddles n
grideall
A stone or metal flat plate or surface on which food is fried or baked.

griddlecake griddlecakes n
arán gridille branrán cáca gridille císte gridille sruán
Any of various forms of small pancake made from a spoonful of batter cooked on a griddle

gridlock /ˈɡɹɪdˌlɑk/ /ˈɡɹɪdˌlɒk/ gridlocks n
tranglam tráchta
(road transport) A condition of total, interlocking traffic congestion on the streets or highways of a crowded city, in which no one can move because everyone is in someone else's way.
sáinn
(figuratively, by extension) Any paralysis of a complex system due to severe congestion, conflict, or deadlock.

grief /ɡɹiːf/ griefs grieves n
brón cumha
Emotional pain, generally arising from misfortune, significant personal loss, bereavement, misconduct of oneself or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness. [from early 14th c.]

grieve /ɡɹiːv/ v
buair
(transitive) To feel very sad about; to mourn; to sorrow for.

griffin /ɡɹɪfɪn/ griffins n
gríobh gríobhán
A mythical beast having the body of a lion and the wings and head of an eagle.

griffon /ˈɡɹɪfən/ griffons n
madra gríofa
A breed of dog usually called the Brussels griffon, reminiscent of the legendary creature.

griffon vulture /ˈɡɹɪfən ˈvʌlt͡ʃəɹ/ griffon vultures n
badhbh ghríofa
A large Old World vulture, Gyps fulvus, native to mountainous areas from Iberia to Burma.

grilse /ɡɹɪls/ grilses n
bláthán
A young salmon after its first return from the sea.

grim /ɡɹɪm/ grimmer grimmest adj
dorrga
Rigid and unrelenting.

grimace /ɡɹɪ.ˈmeɪs/ /ˈɡɹɪm.əs/ grimaces n
cár grainc gramhas scaimh strabhas strainc
A contorted facial expression, often expressing contempt or pain.

grin /ɡɹɪn/ grins n
straoise
A smile in which the lips are parted to reveal the teeth.

grind /ˈɡɹaɪnd/ v
meil
(transitive) To reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion.

gripe /ɡɹaɪp/ gripes n
clamhsán
A complaint, often a petty or trivial one.

grisly /ˈɡɹɪzli/ grislier grisliest adj
scanrúil
Horrifyingly repellent; gruesome, terrifying.

grizzly bear grizzly bears n
ollbhéar Meiriceánach béar liath
A large North American subspecies, Ursus arctos horribilis, of the brown bear.

groan /ɡɹoʊn/ /ɡɹəʊn/ groans n
ochlán
A low, mournful sound uttered in pain or grief.

groaning /ˈɡɹoʊnɪŋ/ /ˈɡɹəʊnɪŋ/ groanings n
ochlán
A low sound associated with extended suffering, sorrow, and toil.

groat /ɡɹoʊt/ /ɡɹɔːt/ /ɡɹəʊt/ groats n
piocuaran
(chiefly, in the plural) Hulled grain, chiefly hulled oats.
bonn bán
A historical English silver coin worth four English pennies, still minted as one of the set of Maundy coins.

grocer /ˈɡɹoʊ.səɹ/ /ˈɡɹoʊ.ʃəɹ/ /ˈɡɹəʊ.sə/ grocers n
grósaeir
A person who retails groceries (foodstuffs and household items) from a grocery.

grocery /ˈɡɹoʊs(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɡɹoʊʃ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɡɹəʊs(ə)ɹi/ groceries n
siopa grósaera
A shop or store that sells groceries; a grocery store.

groin /ɡɹɔɪn/ groins n
bléin
The crease or depression of the human body at the junction of the trunk and the thigh, together with the surrounding region.

groom /ɡɹuːm/ grooms n
giolla stábla grúmaeir
A person who looks after horses.

groomsman groomsmen n
fear tionlacain fear tionlacain bainise finné fir vaidhtéaraí vaidhtéir
A man who serves as one of a number of attendants to a bridegroom at a wedding, one of whom is the best man.

gross /ɡɹos/ /ɡɹoʊs/ /ɡɹɔs/ /ɡɹəʊs/ gross grosses n
grósa
Twelve dozen = 144.
comhlán
The total nominal earnings or amount, before taxes, expenses, exceptions or similar are deducted. That which remains after all deductions is called net.

gross national product gross national products n
olltáirgeacht náisiúnta
(economics) The total market value of all the goods and services produced by a nation (citizens of a country, whether living at home or abroad) during a specified period.

gross negligence n
mórfhaillí
(legal) Negligence evincing a total or near total disregard for the rights and welfare of others and for the consequences of an act.

gross profit gross profits n
brabús comhlán
(accounting) the difference between net sales and the cost of goods sold

grotesqueness grotesquenesses n
ainspiantacht arrachtas
The characteristic or quality of being grotesque.

grouch /ɡɹaʊt͡ʃ/ grouches n
cantalán cantalóir
One who is grumpy or irritable. [from the early 20th c]

ground /ɡɹaʊnd/ grounds n
talamh
The surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground.
Soil, earth.
(countable) The bottom of a body of water.
bonn
Background, context, framework, surroundings.
páirc
(countable) A soccer stadium.
sreang thalmhaithe
(electricity, Canadian, and, US) An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis).

ground ivy ground ivies n
eidhneán talún
Glechoma hederacea, an aromatic, perennial, evergreen creeper of the mint family Lamiaceae.

grounds /ɡɹaʊndz/ n
dríodar caife
The sediment at the bottom of a liquid, or from which a liquid has been filtered.

groundswell groundswells n
múisceán
(nautical, surfing) A broad undulation of the open ocean, often as the result of a distant disturbance.

groundwater groundwaters n
screamhuisce
Water that exists beneath the earth's surface in underground streams and aquifers.

group /ɡɹuːp/ groups n
dream
A number of things or persons being in some relation to one another.
(sports) A set of teams playing each other in the same division, while not during the same period playing any teams that belong to other sets in the division.

group marriage group marriages n
buíonphósadh
A form of polygynous, polyandrous marriage in which more than one man and more than one woman form a family unit.

grouper /ˈɡɹuːpə(ɹ)/ grouper groupers n
garúpach
Any of various large food and game fishes of the subfamily Epinephelinae, especially the genera Epinephelus and Mycteroperca, which inhabit warm seas.

grouping /ˈɡɹuːpɪŋ/ groupings n
grúpáil
(countable) A collection of things or people united as a group.

groupwork n
grúpobair
(education, therapy) Work done in groups.

grouse /ɡræus/ /ɡræɔs/ /ɡɹaʊs/ grouse grouses n
cearc fhraoigh coileach fraoigh
(countable) Any of various game birds of the subfamily Tetraoninae which inhabit temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere; specifically, the red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica) native to heather moorland on the British Isles. [from 1530s]

grove snail grove snails n
seilide donnliopach
Cepaea nemoralis, one of the most common species of land snail in Europe, with a dark brown lip to its shell.

grow /ɡɹoʊ/ /ɡɹəʊ/ [ˈɡ̊ɹʷəʊ̯] [ˈɡ̊ɻʷoʊ̯] v
fás
(intransitive) To appear or sprout.
(transitive) To cause or allow something to become bigger, especially to cultivate plants.

grow up v
éirigh suas
(intransitive) To mature and become an adult.

growing /ˈɡɹoʊɪŋ/ /ˈɡɹəʊɪŋ/ growings n
fás
growth; increase

growl /ɡɹaʊl/ growls n
drantán glam
A deep, rumbling, threatening sound made in the throat by an animal.

growth /ɡɹoʊθ/ /ɡɹəʊθ/ growths n
borrúlacht forás fás
An increase in size, number, value, or strength.
borrúlacht breisiú forás fás
(biology) The act of growing, getting bigger or higher.

grudge /ɡɹʌd͡ʒ/ grudges n
olc fala
(countable) Deep-seated and/or long-term animosity or ill will about something or someone, especially due to perceived mistreatment.

gruel /ɡɹuːl/ /ɡɹʊəl/ /ˈɡɹuːəl/ gruels n
brachán lom brachán réidh praiseach
A thin, watery porridge, formerly eaten primarily by the poor and the ill.

gruesome /ˈɡɹuːsʌm/ gruesomer gruesomest more gruesome most gruesome adj
gráiniúil
Repellently frightful and shocking; horrific or ghastly.

gruff /ɡɹʌf/ gruffer gruffest adj
dorrga
having a rough, surly, and harsh demeanor and nature.
garg
hoarse-voiced.

grumble /ˈɡɹʌmbl̩/ grumbles n
geonaíl
(onomatopoeia) A low thundering, rumbling or growling sound.

grumble /ˈɡɹʌmbl̩/ v
bí ag clamhsán déan clamhsán
(intransitive) To complain; to murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a low voice and a surly manner.

grumbling grumblings n
cnáimhseáil
complaining

grumpy /ˈɡɹʌmpi/ grumpier grumpiest adj
cantalach mosach
Dissatisfied and irritable.

grunt /ɡɹʌnt/ grunts n
gnúsacht
A short snorting sound, often to show disapproval, or used as a reply when one is reluctant to speak.

guanaco /ɡwəˈnɑːkəʊ/ guanacoes guanacos n
guanacó
A South American ruminant (Lama guanicoe), closely related to the other lamoids, the alpaca, llama, and vicuña in the family Camelidae.

guano /ˈɡwɑːnəʊ/ guanoes guanos n
diuáin guanó
Dung from a sea bird or from a bat.

guarantee /ˌɡæɹənˈtiː/ /ˌɡɛɹənˈtiː/ guarantees n
ráthaíocht slánaíocht urra
More specifically, a written declaration that a certain product will be fit for a purpose and work correctly; a warranty
urra
(colloquial) A person who gives such a guarantee; a guarantor.

guarantor /ˈɡæɹəntɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈɡæɹəntə(ɹ)/ guarantors n
urra
A person or company that provides a guarantee.

guard /ɡɑɹd/ /ɡɑːd/ guards n
garda
A person who, or thing that, protects or watches over something.

guard dog guard dogs n
madra cosanta
A dog used to protect a property or its owner.

guardian /ˈɡɑɹ.di.ən/ /ˈɡɑɹ.din/ /ˈɡɑː.dɪ.ən/ guardians n
coimirceoir
Someone who guards, watches over, or protects.

guardian angel guardian angels n
aingeal coimhdeachta
(religion) A tutelary angel watching over a particular person in monotheistic contexts.
(figuratively) A person who benevolently watches over another.

guardianship guardianships n
bardacht coimirce daltachas feighlíocht
The office or position of one acting as a guardian or conservator, especially in a legal capacity.

guava /ˈɡwɑːvə/ guavas n
guábha
Its yellowish tropical fruit, 1¼ to 2 inches, globular or pear-shaped with thin, yellow, green or brown skin, is often made into jams and jellies. The meat can be yellowish to pale green or pink in color, depending on the variety.

gudgeon /ˈɡʌdʒən/ /ˈɡʌd͡ʒən/ /ˈɡʌjən/ gudgeons n
brannóg
A small freshwater fish, Gobio gobio, that is native to Eurasia.
gustún
(also, attributively) A circular or cylindrical fitting, often made of metal, into which a pin or pintle fits to create a hinge or pivoting joint.

guernsey /ˈɡɜːnzi/ /ˈɡɝnzi/ guernseys n
geansaí
A seaman's knitted woolen sweater, similar to a jersey.

guerrilla /ɡəˈɹiə/ /ɡəˈɹɪlə/ /ˌɡeɪˈɹiə/ guerrillas n
guairille
A soldier in a small independent group, fighting against the government or regular forces by surprise raids.

guess /ɡɛs/ guesses n
amas amhras barúil buille faoi thuairim tomhas
A prediction about the outcome of something, typically made without factual evidence or support.

guess /ɡɛs/ v
tomhais
To reach a partly (or totally) unconfirmed conclusion; to engage in conjecture; to speculate.
To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly.

guidance /ˈɡaɪdəns/ guidances n
díriú stiúradh
The act or process of guiding.

guide /ɡaɪd/ v
treoraigh
To serve as a guide for someone or something; to lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path.

guided tour guided tours n
turas treoraithe

guild /ɡɪld/ guilds n
cuallacht gild
A group or association mainly of tradespeople made up of merchants, craftspeople, or artisans for mutual aid, particularly in the Middle Ages.

guile /ɡaɪl/ guiles n
meang
(uncountable) Astuteness often marked by a certain sense of cunning or artful deception.

guileless /ˈɡaɪl.ləs/ [ˈɡaɪɫ.ləs] more guileless most guileless adj
soineanta
Free from guile; honest but naive.

guilelessness /ˈɡaɪl.lɪs.nɪs/ n
ionracas
The characteristic of being guileless; honesty.

guilt /ɡɪlt/ guilts n
ciontacht
Responsibility for wrongdoing.

guiltiness guiltinesses n
ciontacht coireacht coiriúlacht
The state of being guilty; guilt.

guilty /ˈɡɪl.ti/ guiltier guiltiest more guilty most guilty adj
ciontach
Responsible for a dishonest act.
(legal) Judged to have committed a crime.
Having a sense of guilt.

guinea /ˈɡɪni/ guineas n
gine
(British, historical) A gold coin originally worth twenty shillings; later (from 1717 until the adoption of decimal currency) standardised at a value of twenty-one shillings.

guinea fowl /ˈɡɪni ˌfaʊl/ guinea fowl guinea fowls n
cearc ghuine coileach guine
Any of several African birds of the family Numididae (6 species) resembling partridges.

guinea pig /ˈɡɪni pɪɡ/ guinea pigs n
muc ghuine
A rodent of any of several species within the family Caviidae.

guitar /ɡɪˈtɑɹ/ /ɡɪˈtɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɪ.tɑɹ/ guitars n
giotár
(musical instrument) A stringed musical instrument, of European origin, usually with a fretted fingerboard and six strings, played with the fingers or a plectrum (guitar pick).

guitarist guitarists n
giotáraí
Someone who plays a guitar.

gulf /ɡɒlf/ /ɡʌlf/ gulfs n
murascaill
(geography) A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a partially landlocked sea

gull /ˈɡʌl/ gulls n
faoileán faoileog
A seabird of the genus Larus or of the family Laridae.

gullet /ˈɡʌl.ət/ /ˈɡʌl.ɪt/ gullets n
slogán
The throat or esophagus.

gum /ɡʌm/ gums n
drandal carball
(often, in the plural) The flesh around the teeth.
guma
(mostly, uncountable) Any of various viscous or sticky substances that are exuded by certain plants.
(mostly, uncountable) Any viscous or sticky substance resembling those that are exuded by certain plants.

gum arabic gums arabic n
guma arabach
An edible substance taken from one of two species of sub-Saharan acacia trees, Senegalia senegal and Vachellia seyal, used in the food industry as a stabilizer (e.g. in soda, gumdrops and marshmallows) and other purposes including pharmaceuticals, paints and polishes.

gum tree gum trees n
crann guma
A eucalyptus tree, including trees now placed in the genera Angophora and Corymbia.

gumboot gumboots n
buatais rubair
(New Zealand, British, Australia) A type of boot made of rubber.

gun carriage gun carriages n
carráiste gunna gunnacharráiste
A metal or wooden frame on which a piece of ordnance is mounted for firing or transportation.

gunfire /ˈɡʌnfʌɪə/ gunfires n
lámhach gunnaí
Shots from a gun or guns, typically creating loud report.

gunlock /ˈɡʌnˌlɒk/ gunlocks n
glas gunna
A mechanism fitted to a cannon that fires it when a cord is pulled.

gunmetal /-ɾ(ə)l/ /ˈɡʌnmɛt(ə)l/ gunmetals n
gunnamhiotal miotal gunna
An alloy of 88% copper, 10% tin and 2% zinc, originally used for making guns.

gunner /ˈɡʌn.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡʌn.ɚ/ gunners n
gunnadóir
(military rank) An artillery soldier, especially one who holds private rank.

gunpowder /ˈɡʌnˌpaʊdə/ /ˈɡʌnˌpaʊdɚ/ gunpowders n
púdar gunna
An explosive mixture of saltpetre (potassium nitrate), charcoal and sulphur; formerly used in gunnery but now mostly used in fireworks.

gunshot gunshots n
urchar gunna
(countable) The act of discharging a firearm.

gunwale /ˈɡʌnəl/ gunwales n
gar-adhmaid gunail slat bhoird
The top edge of the hull of a nautical vessel, where it meets the deck.

gurnard /ˈɡɚnɚd/ /ˈɡɜːnəd/ /ˈɡɵːnɘd/ gurnard gurnards n
cnúdán
(loosely) Other fish with appearance like that of members of family Triglidae, such as certain of those in families Dactylopteridae, Peristediidae, and Scorpaenidae.

gush /ˈɡʌʃ/ gushes n
scaird
A sudden rapid outflow.

gush /ˈɡʌʃ/ v
scaird
(intransitive, also, figurative) To flow forth suddenly, in great volume.

gusty /ˈɡʌs.ti/ gustier gustiest adj
séideánach
Of wind: blowing in gusts; blustery; tempestuous.

gut /ɡʊt/ /ɡʌt/ v
goiligh
(transitive) To eviscerate.

guts /ɡʌts/ n
inní
The entrails or contents of the abdomen.

gutta-percha /ɡʌtəˈpɜːtʃə/ /ɡʌɾəˈpɝtʃə/ gutta-perchas n
guma peirc
An inelastic natural latex, produced from the sap of several tropical trees of the genera Palaquium and Payena.

gutter /ˈɡʌt.ə/ /ˈɡʌt.ɚ/ /ˈɡʌt̬.ɚ/ gutters n
silteán
A ditch along the side of a road.

gym /d͡ʒɪm/ gyms n
ionad aclaíochta seomra aclaíochta
(weightlifting) A sports facility specialized for lifting weights and exercise.
corpoideachas
physical education class

gymnasium /d͡ʒɪmˈneɪ.zi.əm/ gymnasia gymnasiums n
giomnáisiam
(formal) A large room or building for indoor sports.

gynaecologist /ˌɡaɪ.nəˈkɑː.lə.dʒɪst/ /ˌɡaɪ.nəˈkɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ gynaecologists n
lia ban
(Australia, British spelling, Commonwealth, dated in US) (Canadian spelling, also common) A physician who specialises in diseases of the female reproductive system.

gynecology /ˌdʒaɪnɪˈkɒlədʒi/ /ˌd͡ʒaɪnəˈkɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɡaɪnəˈkɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɡaɪnɪˈkɒlədʒi/ gynecologies n
liacht bhan banliacht gínéiceolaíocht
The study of, or the branch of medicine specializing in, the medical problems of women, especially disorders of the reproductive organs.

gyno- prefix
gíni-
Of or pertaining to women.

gypsy /ˈd͡ʒɪp.si/ gypsies n
bóithreoir duine den lucht siúil fiaire feá fánaí giofóg ruagaire reatha
(colloquial) An itinerant person or any person, not necessarily Romani; a tinker, a traveller or a carny.

gyrfalcon /ˈdʒɜːfɔːlkən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝˌfælkən/ gyrfalcons n
fabhcún tuaithe
Falco rusticolus, a large bird of prey that breeds on Arctic coasts and islands of North America, Europe and Asia.

haberdashery haberdasheries n
mionearraí mionéadach
Ribbons, buttons, thread, needles and similar sewing goods sold in a haberdasher's shop.

habit /ˈhæbət/ /ˈhæbɪt/ habits n
cleachtadh béas gnás nós taithí
An action performed on a regular basis.

habitation /ˌhæb.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌhæb.ɪˈtæɪ.ʃən/ habitations n
aicíocht
(countable) A place of abode; settled dwelling; residence; house.

habitual /-tjʊ-/ /həˈbɪ.tʃwəl/ /həˈbɪ.tʃʊ.əl/ /həˈbɪ.t͡ʃ(w)əl/ /həˈbɪ.t͡ʃʊ.əl/ more habitual most habitual adj
gréasach
Of or relating to a habit; established as a habit; performed over and over again; recurrent, recurring.
rialta
Regular or usual.
Of a person or thing: engaging in some behaviour as a habit or regularly.

habitually /həˈbɪtju.əli/ /həˈbɪt͡ʃu.əli/ /həˈbɪt͡ʃəli/ adv
de ghréas
Occurring regularly or usually.

hacker /hækə/ /hækəɹ/ hackers n
haiceálaí
(computer security, telecommunications) One who uses a computer to gain unauthorized access to data stored in, or to carry out malicious attacks on, computer networks or computer systems.

hackle /ˈhækəl/ hackles n
siostal taisteal
An instrument with steel pins used to comb out flax or hemp. [from 15th c.]

haddock /ˈhædək/ haddock haddocks n
cadóg
A marine fish, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, of the North Atlantic, important as a food fish.

haematology /ˌhiməˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌhiːməˈtɒlədʒi/ n
haemaiteolaíocht
(medicine) The scientific study of blood and blood-producing organs.

haemo- /ˌhiːməʊ/ prefix
haema-
Pertaining to blood.

haemorrhoids /ˈhɛməɹɔɪdz/ /ˈhɛmɹɔɪdz/ n
fíocas haemaróidí
A pathological condition caused by painful masses of dilated veins in swollen anal tissue.

hafnium /ˈhæfniəm/ n
haifniam
A chemical element (symbol Hf) with an atomic number of 72: a lustrous, silvery-grey tetravalent transition metal.

hag /hæɡ/ hags n
bean feasa cailleach seanchailleach
A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; a wizard.
cailleach
(pejorative) An ugly old woman.
A hagfish; one of various eel-like fish of the family Myxinidae, allied to the lamprey, with a suctorial mouth, labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings.

hagfish hagfish hagfishes n
cailleach
Any of several primitive eellike fish, of the family Myxinidae, having a sucking mouth with rasping teeth, and sometimes used as food or for eelskin leather.

haggis /ˈhæɡɪs/ haggises n
hagaois
A traditional Scottish dish made from minced sheep offal with oatmeal and spices, etc., originally boiled in the stomach of a sheep but now often in an artificial casing, and usually served with neeps and tatties (mashed swede and potatoes) and accompanied with whisky.

hail /heɪl/ [heɪ̯ɫ] interjection
go mbeannaítear duit is é do bheatha
(archaic, or, poetic) An exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting.

hail /heɪl/ [heɪ̯ɫ] hails n
cloichshneachta
(meteorology, uncountable) Balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation, often in connection with a thunderstorm.

hail /heɪl/ [heɪ̯ɫ] v
cuir cloichshneachta
(impersonal) To have hailstones fall from the sky.

hair /heː/ /hɛ(ə)ɹ/ /hɛə/ /hɛːə/ [hiə] [hɛɚ] hairs n
ribe gruaig
(countable) A pigmented filament of keratin which grows from a follicle on the skin of humans and other mammals.
gruaig folt
(uncountable) The collection or mass of such growths growing from the skin of humans and animals, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole body.

hair roller hair rollers n
trilseachán
A small tube that is rolled into a person's hair in order to curl it, making a new hairstyle.

hairbrush hairbrushes n
scuab ghruaige
A brush used in hair care for brushing, tidying, and detangling hair

haircloth haircloths n
éadach róin
Cloth made of the mane or tail hairs of a horse.

hairdresser hairdressers n
gruagaire
A person who cuts or styles hair as an occupation or profession.

hairdryer hairdryers n
triomadóir gruaige
(chiefly, _, UK) A small electrical appliance for drying hair, by generating a stream of hot air.

hairnet /ˈhɛɹˌnɛt/ hairnets n
eangach ghruaige líontán gruaige
A net designed to keep hair up and out of the way, e.g. while cooking.

hairpin /ˈhɛə.pɪn/ /ˈhɛɚ.pɪn/ hairpins n
biorán gruaige pionna gruaige
A pin or fastener for the hair.

hairy /ˈhɛə.ɹi/ /ˈhɛɚ.i/ hairier hairiest adj
clúmhach
(of a person) Having a lot of hair on the body.
(of an animal) Having a lot of fur.
(of a body part other than the head) Having hair growing from it.

hake /heɪk/ hake hakes n
colmóir
One of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera Phycis, Merluccius, and allies.

halberd /ˈhæl.bɚd/ /ˈhælbəd/ /ˈhælbɜːd/ /ˈhɑl.bɚd/ /ˈhɔl.bɚd/ halberds n
halbard
A two-handed pole weapon, consisting of a long pole with an axe-like blade mounted on it (at a right angle like an axe, not on the tip like a spear), and (opposite the blade) typically a spike or hook.

halcyon /ˈhælsi.ən/ /ˈhælʃi.ən/ /ˈhælʃən/ halcyons n
ailcín
A tropical kingfisher of the genus Halcyon, such as the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon sancta) of Australia.

hale /heɪl/ haler halest adj
breabhsánta
(dated) Sound, entire, healthy; robust, not impaired.

half /haf/ /häf/ /hæf/ /hɐːf/ /hɑːf/ /hɛəf/ adj
leath-
Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect.

half /haf/ /häf/ /hæf/ /hɐːf/ /hɑːf/ /hɛəf/ halves n
leath
One of two usually roughly equal parts into which anything may be divided, or considered as divided.

half and half adv
leath is leath leath má leath
In two equal parts.

half brother /ˌhæfˈbɹʌðɚ/ half brethren half brothers n
leasdeartháir leathdheartháir
A male sibling sharing a single parent, as distinguished from a full brother or brother-german, from a step-brother, or from a brother-like figure such as a blood brother.

half forward half forwards n
leatosach leatosaí
(Australian rules football, Gaelic football, hurling) An attacking player who plays between the midfielders and forwards.

half sister half sisters n
leasdeirfiúr leathdheirfiúr
A female sibling sharing a single parent.

half-century half-centuries n
leathchéad
A period of fifty years, half of a century.

half-crown half-crowns n
leathchoróin
(historical) A pre-decimal coin used in Britain, Ireland and New Zealand, equivalent to 30 pence or two shillings and six pence.

half-hour half-hours n
leathuair
A period of time equal to thirty minutes, half an hour.

half-life /ˈhæfˌlaɪf/ half-lives n
leathré
(physics) The time required for half the nuclei in a sample of an isotope to undergo radioactive decay.

half-moon half-moons n
leath gealaí leathghealach
The moon in its first or last quarter when only half the visible face is illuminated; a quarter moon.
leathchiorcal leathghealach
Anything shaped like a crescent, especially the base of a fingernail.

halfdead adj
bogmharbh díbheo leathmharbh
Halfway dead; only partially alive.

halfhearted more halfhearted most halfhearted adj
fuarbhruite
Lacking full energy, effort, commitment, or resolve.

halfpenny /ˈheɪp(ə)ni/ /ˈhɑːfˌpɛni/ halfpence halfpennies n
leathphingin
(plural: halfpennies) (historical) A discontinued British coin worth half of one penny (old or new).

halfway /hæfweɪ/ /hɑːfˈweɪ/ adv
leath bealaigh leath slí
Half of the way between two points; midway.

halibut /ˈhæ.lɪ.bət/ /ˈhɒ.lɪ.bət/ halibut halibuts n
haileabó
A large flatfish of the genus Hippoglossus, which sometimes leaves the ocean floor and swims vertically.

hall /hɑl/ /hɔl/ /hɔːl/ halls n
halla
A corridor; a hallway.
A large meeting room.
teach mór
A manor house (originally because a magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion).

hallelujah /ˌhæl.əˈl(j)uː.jə/ interjection
aililiú
An exclamation used in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God.

hallelujah /ˌhæl.əˈl(j)uː.jə/ hallelujahs n
aililiú
A shout of “Hallelujah”.

hallucination /həˌluːsɪˈneɪʃən/ hallucinations n
bréagchéadfa mearú súl meascán mearaí speabhraíd éiclips
A sensory perception of something that does not exist, often arising from disorder of the nervous system, as in delirium tremens.

hallucinatory /həˈluː.sɪ.nə.tɔːr.i/ /həˈluː.sɪ.nə.tər.i/ more hallucinatory most hallucinatory adj
siabhránach
Partaking of, or tending to produce, hallucination.

halo /ˈheɪloʊ/ /ˈheɪləʊ/ haloes halos n
bogha
A circular band of coloured light, visible around the sun or moon etc., caused by reflection and refraction of light by ice crystals in the atmosphere.
The metaphorical aura of glory, veneration or sentiment which surrounds an idealized entity.

halt /hɑlt/ /hɒlt/ /hɔlt/ /hɔːlt/ v
tarraing suas
(intransitive) To stop either temporarily or permanently.
(transitive) To bring to a stop.
(transitive) To cause to discontinue.

halter /ˈhɒltə/ /ˈhɔltɚ/ /ˈhɔːltə/ halters n
adhastar
A bitless headpiece of rope or straps, placed on the head of animals such as cattle or horses to lead or tie them.

ham /ˈhæm/ /ˈhæːm/ hams n
ceathrú leis más
(anatomy) The region back of the knee joint; the popliteal space; the hock.
The back of the thigh.
aisteoir áibhéileach
(acting) An overacting or amateurish performer; an actor with an especially showy or exaggerated style.
ceathrú más
(countable) A thigh and buttock of an animal slaughtered for meat.
liamhás
(uncountable) Meat from the thigh of a hog cured for food.

hamburger /ˈhæm.bə.ɡə/ /ˈhæm.bɚ.ɡɚ/ /ˈhæmˌbɜː.ɡə/ /ˈhæmˌbɝ.ɡɚ/ hamburgers n
burgar
The patty used in such a sandwich.

hame hames n
amaí
Part of the harness that fits round the neck of a draught horse that the reins pass through.

hamlet /ˈhæm.lət/ /ˈhæm.lɪt/ hamlets n
gráig
A small village or a group of houses.
(British) A village that does not have its own church.

hammer /ˈhæm.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈhæm.ɚ/ hammers n
casúr
A tool with a heavy head and a handle used for pounding.
(music) In a piano or dulcimer, a piece of wood covered in felt that strikes the string.
Part of a clock that strikes upon a bell to indicate the hour.
(firearms) A moving part of a firearm that strikes the firing pin to discharge a gun.
casúirín mailléas casúr
(anatomy) The malleus, a small bone of the middle ear.
ord casúr
(sports) A device made of a heavy steel ball attached to a length of wire, and used for throwing.

hammer /ˈhæm.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈhæm.ɚ/ v
gread
To strike repeatedly with a hammer, some other implement, the fist, etc.

hammer and sickle hammers and sickles n
casúr agus corrán
A depiction of a sickle crossed with a hammer, used as a symbol of communism and the Soviet Union.

hammered dulcimer hammered dulcimers n
téadchlár casúr
(musical instrument) A type of dulcimer whose metal strings are stretched over a trapezoidal sounding board that has two bridges, one bass and one treble, set on a stand and played with small mallet-like hammers.

hammerhead shark hammerhead sharks n
siorc ceann casúir
Any of various sharks of the genus Sphyrna having the eyes set on projections (cephalofoils) from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer shape.

hammock /ˈhæmək/ /ˈhæmɪk/ hammocks n
leaba luascáin ámóg
A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet (1.8 meters) wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends.

hamper /ˈhæm.pə/ /ˈhæm.pɚ/ hampers n
cis ciseach ciseán
A large basket, usually with a cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles or small animals.
amparán
(nautical) Articles ordinarily indispensable, but in the way at certain times.

hamper /ˈhæm.pə/ /ˈhæm.pɚ/ v
bac a chur ar srian a chur ar
(transitive) To put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle.

hamster /ˈhæm(p)stɚ/ hamsters n
hamstar
Any of various Old-World rodent species belonging to the subfamily Cricetinae.

hamstring /ˈhæmstɹɪŋ/ hamstrings n
teannán ioscaide
(anatomy) One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of the thigh.

hamstring /ˈhæmstɹɪŋ/ v
speir
(transitive, figurative) To cripple; to incapacitate; to disable. [from 1640s]

hand /hænd/ [heənd] [hɛənd] [hɛːnd] hands n
lámh
The part of the forelimb below the forearm or wrist in a human, and the corresponding part in many other animals.
An index or pointer on a dial; such as the hour and minute hands on the face of an analog clock, which are used to indicate the time of day.
(card games) The set of cards held by a player.
(chiefly, in measuring the height of horses) Four inches, a hand's breadth.
Handwriting; style of penmanship.

hand-to-mouth adj
ón lámh go dtí an béal

handbag /ˈhæm.bəɡ/ /ˈhændˌbæɡ/ handbags n
mála láimhe
(now, rare) A small bag carried in the hand, used either when travelling or to carry tools for a specific job. [from 19th c.]

handball handballs n
liathróid láimhe láimhe
(uncountable) A team sport where two teams of seven players each (six players and a goalkeeper) pass and bounce a ball trying to throw it in the goal of the opposing team.
láimhseáil
(countable, Australian Rules Football) An act of passing a football by holding it with one hand and hitting it with the other.

handbill handbills n
bille láimhe
A loose printed sheet, to be distributed by hand.

handcuffs n
glais lámh
A fastening consisting of two metal rings, designed to go around a person's wrists, and connected by a chain or hinge.

handful /ˈhæn(d)fəl/ /ˈhæn(d)fʊl/ handfuls handsful n
crág lán glaice lán láimhe
The amount that a hand will grasp or contain.

handicap /ˈhændikæp/ v
cis
(transitive) To encumber with a handicap in any contest.

handicapper handicappers n
cisí
One who determines the conditions of a handicap.

handicraft /ˈhændɪkɹæft/ /ˈhændɪkɹɑːft/ handicrafts n
lámhcheird lámhcheardaíocht
A trade requiring skill of hand; manual occupation; handcraft.

handiness handinesses n
sástacht
The quality or state of being handy.

handkerchief /ˈheɪŋkɚt͡ʃɪf/ /ˈhæŋkətʃiːf/ /ˈhæŋkətʃɪf/ /ˈhæŋkɚt͡ʃɪf/ handkerchiefs handkerchieves n
ciarsúr ciarsúr póca naipcín póca
A piece of cloth, usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping the face, eyes, nose or hands.

handle /ˈhæn.dl̩/ /ˈhɛən.dl̩/ handles n
lámh
The part of an object which is (designed to be) held in the hand when used or moved.

handle /ˈhæn.dl̩/ /ˈhɛən.dl̩/ v
lámhaigh
(transitive) To touch; to feel or hold with the hand(s).

handlebar /ˈhændəlbɑː/ /ˈhændəlbɑːɹ/ handlebars n
hanlaí lámha
(mostly, in the plural) The bar used to steer a bicycle, motorbike, or similar vehicle using the hands.

handling /ˈhændlɪŋ/ /ˈhændl̩ɪŋ/ handlings n
glacadh
A touching, controlling, managing, using, take care of, etc., with the hand or hands, or as with the hands.

handmade /ˈhændˌmeɪd/ /ˌhændˈmeɪd/ adj
lámhdhéanta
Made by hand; manufactured manually.

handmaid /ˈhændˌmeɪd/ handmaids n
bansclábhaí
(now, historical) A maid that waits at hand; a female servant or attendant.

handmirror handmirrors n
scáthán láimhe
A handheld mirror

handout /ˈhændaʊt/ handouts n
bileog bileog eolais bileog faisnéise bileoigín dáileán glacán bileog
A worksheet, leaflet, or pamphlet that is given out (usually by hand) for a certain use.
síneadh láimhe
A gift to the poor or needy.

handpump handpumps n
pumpa láimhe
A pump that is operated manually

hands up interjection
lámha in airde!
(idiomatic) Surrender (by raising your hands)!

handsaw handsaws n
sábh láimhe
A saw small enough to be used by one hand.

handsome /ˈhæn.səm/ /ˈhænd.səm/ /ˈhænt.səm/ handsomer handsomest more handsome most handsome adj
dathúil dóighiúil slachtmhar
Of a man or boy: attractively manly, having a pleasing face and overall effect.

handweaving n
lámhfhíodóireacht
the manufacture of handwoven goods

handwriting /ˈhændɹaɪtɪŋ/ handwritings n
lámhscríbhneoireacht scríbhneoireacht scríobh
The act or process of writing done with the hand, rather than typed or word-processed.

handy /ˈhæn.di/ handier handiest adj
acrach sásta áisiúil
Easy to use, useful.
sásta
Nearby, within reach.
Dexterous, skilful. (of a person)

hang out /ˈhæŋ ˈaʊt/ v
bheith ag crochadh thart
(dated, informal) To be unyielding; to hold out.

hanger-on hangers-on n
angarúinneach baoiteálaí gabhgaire líodrálaí sáilghiolla táthaire
Someone who hangs on, or sticks to, a person, place, or service.

hangover /ˈhæŋoʊvɚ/ /ˈhæŋəʊvə/ hangovers n
póit
Negative effects, such as headache or nausea, caused by previous drunkenness due to (excessive) consumption of alcohol.

haphazard /ˌhæfˈhæz.ɚd/ /ˌhæpˈhæz.əd/ /ˌhæpˈhæz.ɚd/ more haphazard most haphazard adj
neamhrialta
Random; chaotic; incomplete; not thorough, constant, or consistent.

happen /ˈhæpən/ v
tarlaigh
(transitive, archaic) To happen to; to befall.

happily ever after adv
agus bhí siad go léir ina gcónaí go sona sásta riamh
(idiomatic, often preceded by "they lived") Happily until death; used in a formulaic ending for fairy tales.

happiness /ˈhæpinəs/ /ˈhæpinɪs/ happinesses n
sonas suáilceas
(uncountable) The emotion of being happy; joy.

happy /ˈhæpi/ happier happiest more happy most happy adj
áthasach sona
Having a feeling arising from a consciousness of well-being or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, such as comfort, peace, or tranquillity; blissful, contented, joyous.
sona sonasach séanmhar
Experiencing the effect of favourable fortune; favored by fortune or luck; fortunate, lucky, propitious.
sásta
Content, willing, satisfied (with or to do something); having no objection (to something).

happy Easter phraseologicalUnit
Beannachtaí na Cásca ort
An expression used during Easter to wish someone a happy time.

happy New Year phraseologicalUnit
athbhliain faoi mhaise athbhliain faoi shéan is faoi mhaise
A wish said around the start of a new year to wish someone well for the New Year (holiday) or for the (entire) new year.

happy birthday /ˈhæp.i ˈbɜːθ.deɪ/ /ˈhæp.i ˈbɝθˌdeɪ/ interjection
go maire tú an lá lá breithe maith agat lá breithe sona dhuit
Said or written to a person who is celebrating their birthday in order to convey the good wishes of the speaker or writer (literally, "may you have a happy birthday")

happy holidays phraseologicalUnit
laethanta saoire sona dhuit laethanta saoire sona daoibh
(North America, Philippines) A greeting used during the Christmas and winter holiday season to recognize the celebration of many holidays, sometimes starting with Thanksgiving and including Hanukkah, the winter solstice, Christmas, Kwanzaa, and New Year's Day.

haptotropism n
haptatrópacht
(biology) The movement of parts of a plant (especially tendrils) in response to a touch stimulus

harbinger /ˈhɑɹbɪnd͡ʒəɹ/ /ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/ harbingers n
réamhtheachtaire
A person or thing that foreshadows or foretells the coming of someone or something.

harbor seal harbor seals n
rón beag
A species of true seals, Phoca vitulina.

hard /hɑɹd/ /hɑːd/ harder hardest more hard most hard adj
crua
Resistant to pressure; difficult to break, cut, or penetrate.
doiligh
Demanding a lot of effort to endure.
Difficult or requiring a lot of effort to do, understand, experience, or deal with.

hard drive hard drives n
tiomántán crua
(computing, computer hardware) An electromechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid, rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material.

hard labor n
daorobair
Forced servitude in the form of physically difficult labor, usually as a penal punishment.

hard of hearing more hard of hearing most hard of hearing adj
nach bhfuil an éisteacht go maith agat
(idiomatic) Having difficulty hearing; somewhat deaf.

hard palate hard palates n
carball
A thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth.

hard water hard waters n
uisce crua
(chemistry) Water with a high concentration of dissolved minerals, especially calcium, making it difficult to lather with soap.

hard work n
luain
Something requiring much effort to accomplish, either physical, mental or emotional; labor; toil. (This entry is a translation hub.)

hard-mouthed more hard-mouthed most hard-mouthed adj
cruabhéalach
Not sensitive to the bit; not easily governed.

hard-on /ˈhɑɹdɑn/ hard-ons n
adharc
(slang, vulgar) An erection of the penis.

hard-wearing more hard-wearing most hard-wearing adj
buanfasach
Able to withstand a significant amount of usage without physical deterioration; durable.

hardboard hardboards n
crua-chlár
A high-density chipboard.

hardcore pornography n
pornagrafaíocht chrua
Pornography featuring sexual penetration and other sexually explicit acts.

harden /ˈhɑɹdn̩/ /ˈhɑːdn̩/ v
cruaigh sioc stalc
(intransitive) To become hard.
(transitive, ergative) To make something hard or harder.
(ambitransitive, phonology) To become or make (a consonant) more fortis; to (cause to) undergo fortition.
cruaigh
(ambitransitive) To become or make (a person or thing) resistant or less sensitive.

hardhearted more hardhearted most hardhearted adj
cruachroíoch fuarchroíoch fuarchúiseach
Lacking in compassion; cold and pitiless.

hardihood hardihoods n
crógacht dolbacht dánacht miotal
Unyielding boldness and daring; firmness in doing something that exposes one to difficulty, danger, or calamity; intrepidness.

hardly /ˈhɑɹdli/ /ˈhɑːdli/ hardlier hardliest more hardly most hardly adv
ní móide
(degree) Barely, only just, almost not.

hardpan hardpans n
cruachiseal
A distinct layer of soil that is largely impervious to water.

hardship /ˈhɑɹdˌʃɪp/ /ˈhɑːdˌʃɪp/ hardships n
anró
Difficulty or trouble; hard times.

hardware /ˈhɑɹdˌwɛɹ/ /ˈhɑːdˌwɛə/ n
crua-earraí
(computing) The part of a computer that is fixed and cannot be altered without replacement or physical modification; motherboard, expansion cards, etc. Compare software.

hardwood /ˈhɑɹdˌwʊd/ hardwoods n
crua-adhmad
(countable, mostly in botany and forestry) The wood from any dicotyledonous tree, without regard to its hardness.

hardworking more hardworking most hardworking adj
saothrach
Of a person, taking their work seriously and doing it well and rapidly.

hardy /ˈhɑɹdi/ /ˈhɑːdi/ hardier hardiest adj
cruadhéanta cróga crógach cróganta
Having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships.

hare /hɛə/ /hɛɚ/ /hɛː/ hares n
giorria
(uncountable) The meat from this animal.

harebell harebells n
méaracán gorm
A perennial flowering plant, Campanula rotundifolia, native to the Northern Hemisphere, with blue, bell-like flowers.

harelip harelips n
bearna ghiorria bearna mhíl failc gnás séanas
(teratology) A congenital malformation of the upper lip, reminiscent of the mouth of a hare.

harelipped adj
gnásach
having a harelip

harlequin /ˈhɑɹlɪkwɪn/ /ˈhɑːlɪkwɪn/ harlequins n
airleacán
A pantomime fool, typically dressed in colorful checkered clothes.

harlequinade /hɑːləkwɪˈneɪd/ harlequinades n
airleacánacht

harlot /ˈhɑɹlət/ /ˈhɑːlət/ harlots n
striapach drúth
(obsolete) A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth, especially one given to low conduct.

harm /hɑɹm/ /hɑːm/ harms n
anachain dochar díobháil urchóid
Physical injury; hurt; damage.

harm /hɑɹm/ /hɑːm/ v
déan dochar do déan díobháil do
To damage, hurt, or injure something, usually an inanimate object.

harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/ /ˈhɑːmfl̩/ harmfuller harmfullest more harmful most harmful adj
aimhleasach biniúil damáisteach dochrach díobhálach mímhaitheasach
Causing or likely to cause harm or damage; injurious.

harmfulness harmfulnesses n
urchóideacht
The characteristic of being harmful.

harmless /ˈhɑɹmləs/ /ˈhɑːmləs/ more harmless most harmless adj
neamhdhíobhálach neamhurchóideach
Incapable of causing harm or danger; safe.

harmlessness harmlessnesses n
neamhurchóid
The characteristic of being harmless.

harmonic /hɑː(ɹ)ˈmɒnɪk/ more harmonic most harmonic adj
armónach
Pertaining to harmony.

harmonica /ˌhɑɹˈmɑ.nɪ.kə/ /ˌhɑɹˈmɒ.nɪ.kə/ harmonicas n
armónach
A musical wind instrument with a series of holes for the player to blow into, each hole producing a different note.

harmonics n
armónaic
(physics, music) The science of musical sounds

harmonium /hɑɹˈmoʊ.ni.əm/ /hɑː(ɹ)ˈməʊ.ni.əm/ harmoniums n
armóin
(music) A small keyboard instrument that consists of a series of reed pipes, which sound when one of the keys is pressed to open a valve that allows air to pass through.

harmonization harmonizations n
armónú
An act of harmonizing.

harmonize /ˈhɑɹmənaɪz/ v
armónaigh
(intransitive, music) To play or sing in harmony.
(transitive) To bring things into harmony, or to make things compatible.
(transitive) To provide the harmony for a melody.

harmony /ˈhɑɹ.mə.ni/ /ˈhɑː.mə.ni/ harmonies n
armóin
(music) The academic study of chords.
(music) Two or more notes played simultaneously to produce a chord.

harness /ˈhaː.nəs/ /ˈhɑɹ.nəs/ /ˈhɑː.nəs/ harnesses n
gabháil úim
(countable) A restraint or support, especially one consisting of a loop or network of rope or straps, and especially one worn by a working animal such as a horse pulling a carriage or farm implement.

harness /ˈhaː.nəs/ /ˈhɑɹ.nəs/ /ˈhɑː.nəs/ v
úim
(transitive) To place a harness on something; to tie up or restrain.

harness saddle harness saddles n
diallait
The part of a harness which supports the weight of poles or shafts attaching a vehicle to a horse or other animal.

harp /hɑɹp/ /hɑːp/ harps n
cláirseach cruit
(music, colloquial) Any musical instrument.

harp seal /ˈhɑɹp.siːl/ /ˈhɑːp.siːl/ harp seals n
rón Graonlannach
One of species Pagophilus groenlandicus, a true seal (or earless seal) found in the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean.

harpist /ˈhɑɹpɪst/ harpists n
cláirseoir cruitire
Someone who plays a harp, especially a pedal harp.

harpsichord /ˈhɑɹp.sɪˌkɔɹd/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)p.sɪ.kɔː(ɹ)d/ harpsichords n
cruitchlár
(musical instruments) A musical instrument with a keyboard that produces sound through a mechanical process. When the performer presses a key, a corresponding plectrum plucks a tuned string. The harpsichord originated in late medieval Europe and is one of the most important instruments used to perform Baroque music.

harpsichordist harpsichordists n
cruitchláraí
One who plays the harpsichord.

harpy /ˈhɑɹpi/ /ˈhɑːpi/ harpies n
airp
(mythological creature) A mythological creature generally depicted as a bird-of-prey with the head of maiden, a face pale with hunger and long claws on her hands personifying the destructive power of storm winds.

harpy eagle harpy eagles n
iolar hairpí
(ornithology) A neotropical eagle, Harpia harpyja.

harrier /ˈhæɹi.ə(ɹ)/ harriers n
cromán
Any of several birds of prey in the genus Circus of the subfamily Circinae which fly low over meadows and marshes and hunt small mammals or birds.
gadhar fiaigh madra seilge
A kind of dog used to hunt hares; a harehound.

harrow /ˈhæɹoʊ/ /ˈhæɹəʊ/ /ˈhɛɹoʊ/ harrows n
bráca cliath fhuirste
A device consisting of a heavy framework having several disks or teeth in a row, which is dragged across ploughed land to smooth or break up the soil, to remove weeds or cover seeds; a harrow plow.

harrowing /ˈhæɹəʊiŋ/ more harrowing most harrowing adj
coscrach léanmhar
Causing pain or distress.

harry /hæɹi/ /hɛɹi/ v
creach
To strip, lay waste, ravage.

harsh /hæʃ/ /hɑɹʃ/ /hɑːʃ/ harsher harshest more harsh most harsh adj
garg
Unpleasantly rough to the touch or other senses.

harshness harshnesses n
gairge
The quality of being harsh.

hart /hɑɹt/ /hɑːt/ harts n
carria damhfhia
A male deer, especially the male of the red deer after his fifth year.

hartebeest /ˈhɑːtəbiːst/ hartebeest hartebeests n
hartaibéist
A type of grassland antelope, Alcelaphus buselaphus, native to parts of Africa.

harvest /ˈhaːvəst/ /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ /ˈhɑɹ.vɪst/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vəst/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vɪst/ harvests n
fómhar
The yield of harvesting, i.e., the gathered crops or fruits.
(by extension) The product or result of any exertion or course of action; reward or consequences.
The season of gathering ripened crops; specifically, the time of reaping and gathering grain.

harvest /ˈhaːvəst/ /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ /ˈhɑɹ.vɪst/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vəst/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vɪst/ v
bain
(transitive) To bring in a harvest; reap; glean.
bailigh
(transitive) To win, achieve a gain.

harvest mouse harvest mice n
luch fhómhair
Micromys minutus, a species of the sub-family Murinae (Old World rats and mice).

harvester harvesters n
buainteoir fómharaí
(dated) A person who gathers the harvest (harvests the crop).
buainteoir
A machine that gathers the harvest (harvests the crop).

harvesting harvestings n
buainteoireacht fómhar sábháil
(agriculture) The gathering of a mature crop; a harvest.

hash /ˈhæʃ/ hashes n
slamar
Food, especially meat and potatoes, chopped and mixed together. corn-beef hash

hashish /hæˈʃiːʃ/ /həˈʃiːʃ/ /ˈhæʃɪʃ/ hashishes n
haisis
The leaves and tender parts of the Indian hemp plant (which are intoxicating), which are dried for either chewing or smoking.

hasp /hæsp/ /hɑːsp/ hasps n
haspa
A clasp, especially a metal strap fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a hook for fastening a door.

hasten /ˈheɪ.sən/ v
luathaigh
(transitive) To make someone speed up or make something happen quicker.

hasty /ˈheɪsti/ hastier hastiest adj
araiciseach mear tobann
Acting in haste; being too hurried or quick

hat /hæt/ [hat] [hɛt] hats n
hata
A covering for the head, often in the approximate form of a cone, dome or cylinder closed at its top end, and sometimes having a brim and other decoration.
(Cambridge University slang, obsolete) A student who is also the son of a nobleman (and so allowed to wear a hat instead of a mortarboard).

hat block hat blocks n
múnla hata
a block on which hats are formed or dressed

hat rack hat racks n
raca hataí
(US) A piece of furniture used to store hats and clothing, consisting of a pole with pegs on a moderately broad base; a hatstand.

hat trick /ˈhætɹɪk/ /ˈhætˌtɹɪk/ hat tricks n
tréchleas
(by extension, sports) Three achievements in a single game, competition, season, etc., such as three consecutive wins.

hatband hatbands n
ribín hata
A band fastened around a hat.

hatbox hatboxes n
bosca hata
A piece of luggage for a hat; a case or box for a hat.

hatchet /ˈhæt͡ʃɪt/ hatchets n
tua
A small, light axe with a short handle; a tomahawk.

hate /heɪt/ /hæɪ̯t/ v
is fuath le
(transitive) To dislike intensely or greatly.

hateful /ˈheɪtfəl/ hatefuller hatefullest more hateful most hateful adj
fuafar gráiniúil
Evoking a feeling of hatred.

hater /ˈheɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈheɪtɚ/ haters n
fuathaitheoir
One who hates.

hatpin hatpins n
biorán hata
A long straight pin, often with a decorative head, used to secure a woman's hat to her hair.

hatred /ˈheɪtɹɪd/ hatreds n
fuath gráin
Strong aversion; intense dislike.

hatter /ˈhætə(ɹ)/ hatters n
haitéir hatadóir
A person who makes, sells, or repairs hats.

haughtiness haughtinesses n
airdiúlacht móiréis mórtas teidealacht toirtéis
The state or property of being haughty; arrogance, snobbery.

haughty /ˈhɑti/ /ˈhɔti/ /ˈhɔːti/ haughtier haughtiest adj
airdiúil anuaibhreach arduallach ceannard foruallach iarlaitheach
Conveying in demeanour the assumption of superiority; disdainful, supercilious.

haunch /hɑnt͡ʃ/ /hɑːnt͡ʃ/ /hɒnt͡ʃ/ /hɔnt͡ʃ/ /hɔːnt͡ʃ/ haunches n
gorún
(anatomy) The area encompassing the upper thigh, hip and buttocks on one side of a human, primate, or quadruped animal, especially one that can sit on its hindquarters.

haunt /hɑnt/ /hɔnt/ /hɔːnt/ v
gnáthaigh
(transitive) To inhabit or to visit frequently (most often used in reference to ghosts).

have /heɪv/ /hæf/ /hæv/ /həv/ /ə/ /əv/ v
bí ag
(transitive) To possess, own.

have a screw loose v
seachrán a bheith ort
(slang) To be insane, irrational, or eccentric.

have one's cake and eat it too v
é a bheith i do phota agus i do mhála agat
(idiomatic) To benefit by having two things which are mutually incompatible (such as eating a piece of cake and yet still possessing that piece for future use).

have to /ˈhæf.tu/ /ˈhæf.tə/ /ˈhæv.tuː/ v
bhí ar caithfidh is éigean
Must; need to; to be urged to; to be required to; indicates obligation.

haversack haversacks n
mála lóin
A small, strong bag carried on the back or the shoulder, usually with only one strap, and originally made of canvas.

havoc /ˈhævək/ /ˈhævɪk/ havocs n
eirleach slad
Widespread devastation and destruction.

hawfinch hawfinches n
glasán gobmhór
A large Eurasian finch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes), with a thick bill.

hawk /hɑk/ /hɔk/ /hɔːk/ hawks n
seabhac
A diurnal predatory bird of the family Accipitridae, smaller than an eagle.

hawk moth hawk moths n
conach
Any moth of the family Sphingidae.

hawksbill turtle hawksbill turtles n
turtar frithghobach
A sea turtle species (Eretmochelys imbricata).

hawkweed hawkweeds n
lus na seabhac
Any species of plant of the genus Hieracium and its segregate genus Pilosella, in the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

hawthorn /ˈhɔ.θɔɹn/ /ˈhɔː.θɔːn/ hawthorns n
sceach gheal
Any of various shrubs and small trees of the genus Crataegus having small, apple-like fruits and thorny branches

hawthorn berry /ˈhɑθɔɹn ˌbɛɹi/ /ˈhɔːθɔːn ˌbɛɹi/ /ˈhɔθɔɹn ˌbɛɹi/ hawthorn berries n
sceachóir
The edible fruit of the hawthorn.

hay fever hay fevers n
slaghdán teaspaigh
(pathology, immunology) An allergy to the pollen of grass or other plants that causes symptoms similar to those of a cold; pollinosis.

hayfork hayforks n
forc féir
A tool used for moving hay; a pitchfork.

hayloft haylofts n
lochta féir
The upper storey of a barn used for storing hay.

hayseed /ˈheɪˌsid/ hayseeds n
pór féir
(countable, uncountable) Seeds from grass that has become hay.

hazel /ˈheɪzəl/ hazels n
coll
(countable) A tree or shrub of the genus Corylus, bearing edible nuts called hazelnuts or filberts.

hazelnut /ˈheɪzəlnʌt/ /ˈheɪzəlˌnʌt/ hazelnuts n
cnó coill cnó gaelach
The fruit of the hazel, especially Corylus avellana, which is grown commercially.

he /hi/ /i/ /ˈhiː/ [hi] [çi] pronoun
sé é
(personal, sometimes, _, proscribed, see usage notes) They; he or she (a person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant).

head /ˈhɛd/ head heads n
ceann
(countable) The part of the body of an animal or human which contains the brain, mouth, and main sense organs.
Mental or emotional aptitude or skill.
(figurative, metonymy) Mind; one's own thoughts.
The end of a hammer, axe, golf club, or similar implement used for striking other objects.
The end of a nail, screw, bolt, or similar fastener which is opposite the point; usually blunt and relatively wide.
(countable) The topmost, foremost, or leading part.
(metonymy) Leader; chief; mastermind.
The source of a river; the end of a lake where a river flows into it.
ceann tor
A clump of seeds, leaves or flowers; a capitulum.

head line head lines n
líne an chinn
(palmistry) A line on the palm of the hand from between the thumb and index finger moving across the palm. Supposed to indicate, by its form or position, one's mentality.

head louse head lice n
babhdaí míol gruaige treaghdán
A parasitic insect, Pediculus humanus capitis, which lives among the hairs on the head of a human and feeds on blood.

head of state heads of state n
ceann stáit
The chief public representative of a nation having duties, privileges and responsibilities varying greatly depending on the constitutional rules; a monarch in a monarchy, and often styled president in a republic, but variations such as collegiality exist.

head office head offices n
ardoifig príomhoifig
The main administrative centre for a company or organisation.

headache /ˈhɛdeɪk/ headaches n
tinneas cinn
A pain or ache in the head.

headbutt /ˈhɛdbʌt/ headbutts n
poc leis an gceann sonc leis an gceann
A sharp blow delivered by driving the head into an opponent or object, generally by lowering the head and charging forward or by rapidly tilting the head backward and then forward.

headdress headdresses n
ceannbheart
A decorative covering or ornament worn on the head.

headgear /ˈhɛdɡɪə(ɹ)/ headgears n
ceannbheart
(uncountable) Anything worn on the head, such as a hat, hood, helmet, etc.

heading /ˈhɛdɪŋ/ headings n
ceannscríbhinn ceannteideal mírcheann rúibric
The title or topic of a document, article, chapter, or of a section thereof.

headlamp headlamps n
ceannlampa
A flashlight worn on the head.

headland /ˈhɛdlənd/ headlands n
ceann tíre rinn
Coastal land that juts into the sea.
iomaire cinn
The unplowed boundary of a field.

headlock headlocks n
glas cinn
A wrestling move where the attacker puts their arm tightly round their opponent's head, which the opponent can't easily escape from.

headlong /ˈhɛd.lɑŋ/ /ˈhɛd.lɒŋ/ /ˈhɛd.lɔŋ/ adv
i ndiaidh do chinn
With the head first or down.
With an unrestrained forward motion.

headmaster /ˈhɛdˌmæstɚ/ /ˈhɛdˌmɑːstə/ headmasters headmistress n
ardmháistir uachtarán
(chiefly, UK, Irish) A male school principal.

headmistress headmistresses n
ardmháistreás
(chiefly, British, Irish) A female school principal.

headphone /ˈhɛdfoʊn/ /ˈhɛdfəʊn/ headphones n
cluasán
A cushioned speaker placed on, over, or inside the ear, normally used in left/right pairs.

headphones n
cluasáin
A pair of cushioned speakers worn over or in the ears so only the wearer can hear the sound.

headquarters /ˈhɛd.ˌkwɔɹ.tɚz/ /ˌhɛd.ˈkwɔː.təz/ headquarters n
ceanncheathrú príomhlongfort
The military installation from which troops are commanded and orders are issued; the military unit consisting of a commander and his support staff.
ardoifig príomhoifig
The center of an organization's operations or administration.

headrope headropes n
rópa cinn rópa droma
(nautical) The part of a bolt rope that is sewn to the upper edge or head of a sail.

headscarf headscarfs headscarves n
caifirín
A more or less square piece of material worn over the head, typically by women, often to protect the hair, or for religious reasons.

headset /ˈhɛdsɛt/ headsets n
gléas cinn
A pair of headphones or earphones, or a singular headphone or earphone, typically with an attached microphone.
Any electronic device worn on the head.

headstall /ˈhɛdstɔːl/ headstalls n
éadanán
The part of a bridle that fits over a horse's head and supports other elements. [from 14th c.]

headstrong more headstrong most headstrong adj
ceanndána ceanntréan
Determined to do as one pleases, and not as others want.

headwind /ˈhɛdˌwɪnd/ v
gaoth chinn gaoth ghann
(transitive, uncommon) To blow directly against the course of a vehicle, like an aircraft, train, or ship.

heal /hiːl/ v
cneasaigh
(transitive) To make better from a disease, wound, etc.; to revive or cure.
(intransitive) To become better or healthy again.

healing /ˈhiːlɪŋ/ healings n
slánú
The psychological process of dealing with a problem or problems.

health /hɛlθ/ [hɛl̪θ] healths n
sláinte
The state of being free from physical or psychological disease, illness, or malfunction; wellness. [from 11th c.]
Physical condition.

health insurance health insurances n
árachas sláinte
Insurance against incurring medical expenses among individuals.

health physics n
fisic shláinte
The science of radiation protection and safety.

health service health services n
seirbhís sláintíochta
a public (or private) service providing health care to the general public.

healthy /ˈhɛl.θi/ healthier healthiest more healthy most healthy adj
folláin sláintiúil
Enjoying good health; well; free from disease or disorder.

heap /heːp/ /hiːp/ heaps n
carnán dumha
A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body, or thrown together so as to form an elevation.

hear /hjɜː/ /hɪə(ɹ)/ /hɪɚ/ v
cluin clois airigh
(transitive, stative) To perceive (a sound, or something producing a sound) with the ear, to recognize (something) in an auditory way. [from 10th c.]

hearing /ˈhiː.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈhɪə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈhɪɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈhɪː.ɹɪŋ/ more hearing most hearing adj
a bhfuil éisteacht agat
Able to hear, as opposed to deaf.

hearing /ˈhiː.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈhɪə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈhɪɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈhɪː.ɹɪŋ/ hearings n
éisteacht
(uncountable) The sense used to perceive sound.
(uncountable) A proceeding at which discussions are heard.
(countable, legal) A legal procedure done before a judge, without a jury, as with an evidentiary hearing.

hearing aid hearing aids n
áis éisteachta
A device used to help the hard of hearing to hear sounds.

hearsay /hɪərseɪ/ hearsays n
scéal scéil
Information that was heard by one person about another that cannot be adequately substantiated.
(law) Evidence based on the reports of others, which is normally inadmissible because it was not made under oath, rather than on personal knowledge.

hearse /hɜːs/ /hɝs/ hearses n
eileatram
A bier or handbarrow for conveying the dead to the grave.
cóiste marbh eileatram marbhchóiste
A carriage or vehicle specially adapted or used for transporting a dead person to the place of funeral or to the grave.

heart /hɑɹt/ /hɑːt/ hearts n
croí
(anatomy) A muscular organ that pumps blood through the body, traditionally thought to be the seat of emotion.
The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, etc.; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; usually in a good sense; personality.
A conventional shape or symbol used to represent the heart, love, or emotion: ♥.
(figurative) The centre, essence, or core.
hart croí
(card games) A playing card of the suit hearts featuring one or more heart-shaped symbols.

heart attack heart attacks n
taom croí
(cardiology) An acute myocardial infarction, sometimes fatal, caused by the sudden occurrence of coronary thrombosis, which obstructs the blood supply to the heart and leads to necrosis of heart muscle tissue.

heart line heart lines n
líne an chroí
(palmistry) A line on the palm of the hand from below the index finger to below the pinky, supposed to indicate, by its form or position, one's love life.

heart-breaking more heart-breaking most heart-breaking adj
croíbhriste
(idiomatic) That causes extreme sorrow or grief.

heart-shaped more heart-shaped most heart-shaped adj
croíchruthach
Having the traditional shape of a heart (♥), that is pointed at one end and indented at the opposite side.

heartache /ˈhɑːteɪk/ heartaches n
croíbhriseadh crá croí
Very sincere and difficult emotional problems or stress.

heartbeat /ˈhɑɹtˌbit/ /ˈhɑːtˌbiːt/ [ˈhɑɹʔbiʔ] heartbeats n
buille an chroí
One pulsation of the heart; especially an irregular one, hence the emotion which causes it.

heartbreak /hɑɹt.bɹeɪk/ /hɑːt.bɹeɪk/ heartbreaks n
briseadh croí croíbhriseadh crá croí
overwhelming mental anguish or grief, especially that caused by loss or disappointment.

heartbreaking more heartbreaking most heartbreaking adj
coscrach
That causes great grief, anguish or distress.

heartbroken more heartbroken most heartbroken adj
croíbhriste
Suffering from grief, especially after a failed romance.

heartburn heartburns n
daigh chroí dó croí loscadh daighe
(pathology) A burning pain in the chest that is caused by stomach acid entering the gullet.

hearth /hæθ/ /hɑɹθ/ /hɑːθ/ /hɜːɹθ/ hearths n
teallach tinteán
A hearthstone, either as standalone or as the floor of an enclosed fireplace or oven.

hearthstone /ˈhɑɹθstoʊn/ /ˈhɑːθstəʊn/ hearthstones n
teallach
A flat stone used to form a hearth.

heartiness heartinesses n
folláine
The quality of being hearty.

heartland /-lænd/ /-ˌlænd/ /ˈhɑɹtlənd/ /ˈhɑːtlənd/ heartlands n
croíthailte
The interior part of a region, especially when contrasted with coastal parts or when regarded as particularly powerful or significant.

heartlessness /ˈhɑɹtləsnəs/ /ˈhɑːtlɪsnəs/ heartlessnesses n
cruachroíocht
the characteristic of being heartless

heartrending more heartrending most heartrending adj
coscrach
That causes great grief, anguish or distress.

heartsease heartseases n
goirmín searraigh lus croí
A common European wild flower, Viola tricolor; the wild pansy.

heartwood heartwoods n
croí-adhmad
The wood nearer the heart of a stem or branch, different in color from the sapwood.

heat /hit/ /hiːt/ [çit] heats n
teas
(uncountable) Thermal energy.
(uncountable) The condition or quality of being hot.
(countable) A hot spell.
adhall catachas clíth dáir eachmairt reithíocht
(uncountable) A condition where a mammal is aroused sexually or where it is especially fertile and therefore eager to mate; oestrus.

heat death heat deaths n
teasbhás
(physics) The state of a thermodynamic system having reached a maximum entropy; temperature is uniform throughout, and no energy is available to do work.

heat death of the universe pn
teasbhás na cruinne
(cosmology, thermodynamics) A theoretical future state of the universe in which the universe attains thermodynamic equilibrium and a further increase of entropy is no longer possible.

heat haze heat hazes n
ceo bruithne
A shimmering atmospheric disturbance caused by currents of warm air between the observer and the object observed.

heat-resistant more heat-resistant most heat-resistant adj
teasdíonach
Resistant to the effects of fire or intense heat.

heathen /ˈhiːðən/ heathener heathenest more heathen most heathen adj
págánach págánta
Not adhering to an Abrahamic religion; pagan.

heathen /ˈhiːðən/ heathen heathens n
págán págánach
A pagan; someone who is neither Christian nor Jewish (other Abrahamic or monotheistic religions may or may not be included)

heathenism heathenisms n
págántacht
paganism, heathendom

heather /ˈhiːðəɹ/ /ˈhɛðə/ /ˈhɛðɚ/ heathers n
fraoch
A plant in the family Ericaceae.

heatproof more heatproof most heatproof adj
teasdíonach

heatwave heatwaves n
tonn teaspaigh
A period of very hot weather.

heaven /ˈhɛvən/ heavens n
neamh flaitheas flaithis
(Christianity, usually capitalized) The abode of God and of the angels and saints in His presence.
(religion, by extension, often capitalized) The afterlife of the blessed dead in other religions and traditions, such as the Pure Land or Elysium.

heavenly /ˈhɛvənli/ heavenlier heavenliest more heavenly most heavenly adj
neamhaí
Of or pertaining to the heaven believed in by many religions.

heavenly body heavenly bodies n
rinn
A natural celestial object, visible in the sky, such as a star, planet, natural satellite, asteroid, comet, the Moon or the Sun. Objects flying or moving in the atmosphere are not usually considered as heavenly bodies.

heaviness /ˈhɛvɪnəs/ heavinesses n
múisiam
The state of being heavy; weight, weightiness, force of impact or gravity.

heavy /ˈhev.i/ /ˈhɛv.i/ heavier heaviest adj
múisiamach
trom
(of a physical object) Having great weight.
tromchúiseach
(of a topic) Serious, somber.

hectare /ˈhektaː/ /ˈhektɛː/ /ˈhɛk.tɑː/ /ˈhɛk.tɛə/ /ˈhɛk.tɛɹ/ hectares n
heicteár
A unit of surface area (symbol ha) equal to 100 ares (that is, 10,000 square metres, one hundredth of a square kilometre, or approximately 2.5 acres), used for measuring the areas of geographical features such as land and bodies of water.

heddle heddles n
úim
A component in a loom, being one of a number of similar components, through the eye of each of which a distinct strand of the warp is threaded.

hedge /hɛd͡ʒ/ hedges n
airbhe fál ime
A thicket of bushes or other shrubbery, especially one planted as a fence between two portions of land, or to separate the parts of a garden.

hedge /hɛd͡ʒ/ v
fálaigh
(transitive) To enclose with a hedge or hedges.
(transitive, finance) To offset the risk associated with.

hedge school hedge schools n
scoil chois claí scoil ghairid scoil ghearr scoil scairte
(historical, Ireland) A rudimentary school in 18th- and 19th-century Ireland, held outdoors or in a house or barn.

hedgehog /ˈhɛd͡ʒ.hɒɡ/ /ˈhɛd͡ʒ.hɔɡ/ hedgehogs n
gráinneog
A small mammal, of the family Erinaceidae or subfamily Erinaceinae (spiny hedgehogs, the latter characterized by their spiny back and often by the habit of rolling up into a ball when attacked.)
(US) Any of several spiny mammals, such as the porcupine, that are similar to the hedgehog.

hedonism /ˈhiːdənɪzəm/ /ˈhɛdənɪzəm/ hedonisms n
héadónachas
(ethics, uncountable) The philosophical belief that happiness, particularly sensual pleasure, is the highest good in life.

heed /hiːd/ n
aoidh
Careful attention.

heed /hiːd/ v
tabhair aird
(transitive) To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe.

heedless /ˈhiːdləs/ more heedless most heedless adj
anaireach
Unaware; without noticing; careless; inattentive.

heel /hiːl/ heels n
sáil
(anatomy) The rear part of the foot, where it joins the leg.

heeltap heeltaps n
preabán sáile
A piece or wedge that raises the heel of a shoe.

heifer /ˈhɛfə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛfɚ/ heifers n
bearach bodóg colann collaid seafaid
A young female cow, (particularly) one over one year old but which has not calved.

heighten /ˈhaɪ̯.tən/ [ˈhaɪ̯tn̩] [ˈhaɪ̯ʔn̩] v
ardaigh
To make high; to raise higher; to elevate.

heinousness heinousnesses n
fuafaireacht gráiniúlacht uafás
The property of being heinous.

heir /ɛə/ /ɛɚ/ heiress heirs n
oidhre beangán
Someone who inherits, or is designated to inherit, the property of another.
One who inherits, or has been designated to inherit, a hereditary title or office.

heir apparent heir apparents heirs apparent n
léiroidhre
(usually, monarchy) Someone who will definitely inherit if surviving the one whose property is to be inherited.

heir presumptive heirs presumptive n
tánaiste
Someone who will become an heir (usually to a monarchy) only if no-one with a higher-ranking claim is born.

heiress /ɛəˈɹɛs/ heiresses n
banoidhre
A woman who has a right of inheritance or who stands to inherit.

heirloom /ˈɛə.luːm/ /ˈɛəɹ.lum/ heirlooms n
airnéis oidhreach seoid fine séad fine
A valued possession that has been passed down through the generations.

helicopter /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛl.iˌkɒp.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛl.ɪˌkɒp.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ helicopters n
ingearán héileacaptar
(aviation) An aircraft that is borne along by one or more sets of long rotating blades which allow it to hover, move in any direction including reverse, or land; and typically having a smaller set of blades on its tail to stabilize the aircraft.

heliographic adj
héalagrafach
Of or pertaining to heliography; transmitted by heliograph

heliotrope /-lɪ.əʊ-/ /ˈhi.li.əˌtɹoʊp/ /ˈhiː.li.ə.tɹəʊp/ /ˈhɛ-/ heliotropes n
plúr na gréine
(countable, botany, also, figuratively) A plant with flowers which turn to face and follow the sun, such as (archaic) marigolds and sunflowers.

heliotropism heliotropisms n
héileatrópacht
The property of some plants of turning under the influence of light; either positively (towards the light) or negatively (away from the light)

helium /ˈhiː.li.əm/ heliums n
héiliam
(uncountable) The second lightest chemical element (symbol He) with an atomic number of 2 and atomic weight of 4.002602, a colorless, odorless and inert noble gas.

helium star helium stars n
réalta héiliam
(star) A star which has lost most or all of its hydrogen, leaving just a core of helium.

hell /hɛl/ hells n
ifreann
(countable, hyperbole, figuratively) A place or situation of great suffering in life.

hell /hɛl/ pn
ifreann
(in many religions, uncountable) A place of torment where some or all sinners and evil spirits are believed to go after death.

hellebore /ˈhɛlɪbɔː/ /ˈhɛlɪbɔːɹ/ hellebores n
eileabar
Any of the common garden flowering plants of the genus Helleborus, in family Ranunculaceae, having supposed medicinal properties.

hello /həˈloʊ/ /həˈloː/ /həˈləʉ/ /həˈləʊ/ /hɛˈloʊ/ /hɛˈloː/ /hɛˈləʊ/ /ˈhɛlo/ /ˈhɛloʊ/ /ˈhɛloː/ interjection
haló
Dia dhaoibh Dia dhuit Dia is Muire dhaoibh Dia's Muire dhuit
A greeting (salutation) said when meeting someone or acknowledging someone’s arrival or presence.
haileo
A greeting used when answering the telephone.

helm /hɛlm/ helms n
halmadóir
(nautical) The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel.

helmet /ˈhɛlmət/ /ˈhɛlmɪt/ helmets n
ceannbheart clogad cafarr
A hard, protective head covering, typically part of armour.

helminth /ˈhɛl.mɪnθ/ helminths n
heilmint péist sheadánach
A parasitic worm; a fluke, tapeworm, or nematode.

helminthology n
heilminteolaíocht
(zoology) The branch of zoology related to the study of helminths (parasitic worms).

help /hɛlp/ /hɛp/ helps n
cabhair cuidiú cúnamh
(uncountable) Action given to provide assistance; aid.

help /hɛlp/ /hɛp/ v
cabhraigh le cuidigh le
(transitive) To provide assistance to (someone or something).

helper /ˈhɛlpɚ/ helpers n
cúntóir
One who helps; an aide; assistant; auxiliary.

helpful /ˈhɛlp.fəl/ /ˈhɛlp.fʊl/ more helpful most helpful adj
cúntach
Furnishing help; giving aid; useful.

helping hand helping hands n
lámh chuidithe lámh chúnta
(idiomatic) Any assistance, help or aid.

helpless /ˈhɛlplɪs/ more helpless most helpless adj
fágtha
Unable to defend oneself.

hematuria hematurias n
fual fola
(pathology) The presence of blood in the urine

hemi- prefix
heimea- heimi- leath-
Half.

hemline hemlines n
fáithimlíne
The height of this line, measured from the floor.

hemoglobin /ˈhiməˌɡloʊbɪn/ /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/ /ˌhiːmə(ʊ)ˈɡləʊbɪn/ hemoglobins n
haemaglóibin
(American spelling) The iron-containing substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body; it consists of a protein (globulin), and haem (a porphyrin ring with an atom of iron at its centre).

hemp /hɛmp/ hemps n
cnáib
A tall annual herb, Cannabis sativa, native to Asia.

hemstitch hemstitches n
greim fáithime
an embroidery stitch in which parallel threads are drawn together in groups

hen /hɛn/ hens n
cearc
A female chicken (Gallus gallus), particularly a sexually mature one kept for her eggs.
A female of other bird species, particularly a sexually mature female fowl.

hen harrier hen harriers n
cromán na gcearc préachán na gcearc
A bird of prey, Circus cyaneus, which breeds in the northern parts of Eurasia.

henbane /ˈhɛnbeɪn/ henbanes n
caoch na gcearc gafann
A poisonous plant, Hyoscyamus niger, used sometimes as a drug that causes at least hallucinations, dilated pupils, restlessness, and flushed skin.

hence /ˈhɛns/ adv
mar sin uaidh seo
(archaic) From here, from this place, away.

henceforth /hɛnsˈfɔɹθ/ adv
uaidh seo amach
(formal, temporal) From now on; from this time on.

hendecagon hendecagons n
aondeacagán
(geometry) A polygon with eleven edges and eleven angles.

hendiadys /hɛnˈdaɪ.ədɪs/ hendiadyses n
einniad
(rhetoric) A figure of speech used for emphasis, where two words joined by and are used to express a single complex idea.

henhouse henhouses n
cró cearc cúb cearc
Synonym of hencoop.

hepta- /hɛptə-/ /hɛpˈtæ-/ prefix
heipti-
seven

heptarchy /ˈhɛptɑː(ɹ)ki/ heptarchies n
heiptearcacht

her /ə(ɹ)/ /ɚ/ /ˈhɜː(ɹ)/ /ˈhɝ/ pronoun
ise í
The form of she used after a preposition, as the object of a verb, or (colloquial) as a subject with a conjunction; that woman, that ship, etc.

herald /ˈhɛɹəld/ heralds n
aralt bolscaire
A messenger, especially one bringing important news.
aralt
(heraldry) An official whose speciality is heraldry, especially one between the ranks of pursuivant and king-of-arms

heraldry /ˈhɛɹ.əl.dɹi/ heraldries n
araltas
(uncountable) The profession or art of devising, granting and blazoning coats of arms, tracing genealogies and ruling on questions of protocol or rank.

herb /(h)ɝb/ /h/ /hɜːb/ herbs n
luibh
(countable) Any green, leafy plant, or parts thereof, used to flavour or season food.

herbalism herbalisms n
luibhliacht
The use or study of medicinal herbs.

herbalist herbalists n
luibhlia
A person who treats diseases by means of medicinal herbs.

herd /hɚd/ /hɜːd/ herds n
tréad
A number of domestic animals assembled together under the watch or ownership of a keeper. [from 11th c.]

herd immunity /ˈhəːd ɪˈmjuːnɪti/ /ˈhɚd ɪˈmjunəti/ [-ɾi] herd immunities n
imdhíonacht tréada
(epidemiology) The indirect protection against the spread of a contagious disease in a given population caused by the immunity of a significant proportion of the population to that particular disease; the immunity may have been obtained through having survived the infection or through vaccination. [from early 20th c.]

herdsman herdsmen n
aoire feighlí bó maor
A person who tends livestock, especially cows and sheep; especially, the foreman among a group of such farmworkers, usually with more knowledge and experience.

here /hiːɹ/ /hjɜː/ /hɪə̯(ɹ)/ /hɪə̯/ /hɪɚ̯/ /hɪɹ/ /hɪː(ɹ)/ /hɪː/ /ˈhiː.ə/ adv
abhus anseo
(location) In, on, or at this place.
anseo abhus
(location) To this place; used in place of the more dated hither.

here you are phraseologicalUnit
seo daoibh seo duit
(idiomatic) Said when handing something over to someone or doing a favour to them, usually to draw the recipient's attention to the exchange; equivalent to “thank you” when receiving something.

hereabouts adv
anseo timpeall thart anseo
Near here.

heredity /həˈɹɛɾəɾi/ /hɪˈɹɛdɪti/ heredities n
oidhreacht dúchas
Hereditary transmission of the physical and genetic qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants.

heresy /ˈhɛɹəsi/ heresies n
eiriceacht
(religion) a doctrine held by a member of a religion at variance or conflict with established religious beliefs

heretic /ˈhɛɹɪtɪk/ heretics n
eiriceach
Someone whose beliefs are contrary to the fundamental tenets of a religion they claim to belong to.

heretical /həˈɹɛtɪkəl/ more heretical most heretical adj
eiriceach eiriciúil
Of or pertaining to heresy or heretics.

heritage /ˈhɛɹ.ɪ.tɪd͡ʒ/ heritages n
oidhreacht
An inheritance; property that may be inherited.
A tradition; a practice or set of values that is passed down from preceding generations through families or through institutional memory.
A birthright; the status acquired by birth, especially of but not exclusive to the firstborn.

hermaphrodite /hɝˈmæfɹədaɪt/ adj
idirghnéasach
(biology) Having both ovaries and testes or both stamens and pistils.

hermaphrodite /hɝˈmæfɹədaɪt/ hermaphrodites n
cadar idirghnéas
(WWI, _, military, historical) An armoured fighting vehicle having features of both male tanks and female tanks.

hermeneutics /hɜːɹməˈnjuːtɪks/ hermeneutics n
heirméineotaic
The study or theory of the methodical interpretation of text, especially holy texts.

hermetic /hə(ɹ)ˈmɛtɪk/ more hermetic most hermetic adj
heirméasach
(chiefly, capitalized) Pertaining to Hermes Trismegistus or the writings attributed to him.
ailceimiceach heirméiteach
Pertaining to alchemy or occult practices; magical, alchemical.
heirméiteach leáshéalaithe
Hermetically sealed.
heirméiteach
Isolated, away from outside influence.

hermetic seal hermetic seals n
leáshéalú
An airtight seal.

hermit /ˈhɜːmɪt/ /ˈhɝmɪt/ hermits n
ancaire
A religious recluse; someone who lives alone for religious reasons; an eremite.
A recluse; someone who lives alone and shuns human companionship.

hermit crab hermit crabs n
faocha ghliomaigh portán sligreach
A decapod crustacean (not a true crab) from the superfamily Paguroidea, which salvages empty seashells or other portable objects to permanently shelter and protect its soft abdomen.

hernia /ˈhɜː(ɹ)niə/ herniae hernias herniæ n
heirne maidhm sheicne snaidhm sheicne
(diseases) A disorder in which a part of the body protrudes abnormally through a tear or opening in an adjacent part, especially of the abdomen.

hero /ˈhiɹ.oʊ/ /ˈhɛɹ.oʊ/ /ˈhɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈhɪɹ.oʊ/ [ˈhɪə.ɹəʊ~ˈçɪə.ɹəʊ] heroes heroine heros n
laoch gaiscíoch
Somebody who possesses great bravery and carries out extraordinary or noble deeds.

heroic /hɪˈɹoʊ.ɪk/ /hɪˈɹəʊ.ɪk/ more heroic most heroic adj
gaisciúil laochúil
Of or relating to a hero or heroine; supremely noble.

heroin /ˈhɛɹoʊ.ɪn/ heroins n
héaróin
A powerful and addictive drug derived from opium producing intense euphoria, classed as an illegal narcotic in most of the world. [from late 19th century]

heroine /ˈhɛɹoʊɪn/ /ˈhɪɹoʊɪn/ hero heroines n
banlaoch banghaiscíoch
A female hero.

heroism /ˈhiɹoʊɪzəm/ /ˈhɛɹoʊɪzəm/ /ˈhɛɹəʊɪzəm/ heroisms n
laochas
The qualities characteristic of a hero, such as courage, bravery, fortitude, selflessness, etc.; the display of such qualities.

heron /ˈhɛɹən/ herons n
corr
Any long-legged, long-necked wading bird of the family Ardeidae.

herpetology /ˌhɜː.pɪ.ˈtɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ herpetologies n
reiptíleolaíocht
The branch of biology dealing with reptiles (Reptilia) and amphibians (Amphibia).

herring /ˈhɛɹɪŋ/ herring herrings n
scadán
Fish similar to those in genus Clupea, many of those in the order Clupeiformes.

herringbone /ˈhɛɹɪŋˌboʊn/ herringbones n
cnámh an scadáin
(countable) A bone of a herring.
A zigzag pattern, especially made by bricks, on a cloth, or by stitches in sewing.

hetero- prefix
heitri-
Other, by another, not auto-.

heteroallelic more heteroallelic most heteroallelic adj
heitrea-ailléileach
Of or pertaining to heteroalleles

heterobiography heterobiographies n
heitribheathaisnéis
biography written by another person, as opposed to an autobiography

heterocyclic adj
heitreafháinneach
(organic chemistry, of a cyclic compound) Having one or more atoms other than carbon in at least one of its rings.

heterodont /ˈhɛtəɹəʊdɒnt/ /ˈhɛtəɹəˌdɑnt/ /ˈhɛtɹə-/ /ˈhɛtɹəʊdɒnt/ [-ɾəɹə-] [-ɾɹə-] adj
heatródóntach heitridhéadach
(zootomy) Having teeth of different types (like most mammals).

heterodont /ˈhɛtəɹəʊdɒnt/ /ˈhɛtəɹəˌdɑnt/ /ˈhɛtɹə-/ /ˈhɛtɹəʊdɒnt/ [-ɾəɹə-] [-ɾɹə-] heterodonts n
heatródóntach heitridhéadach
(zoology) A heterodont animal.

heterodox /ˈhɛtɛɹədɒks/ adj
heitreadocsach
Of or pertaining to creeds, beliefs, or teachings, especially religious ones, that are different from what a religion (or sect) believes to be orthodox, but (usually) not conflicting with that religion's established beliefs and therefore not heretical.

heterodoxy /ˈhɛtɛɹədɒksi/ heterodoxies n
heitreadocsacht
(uncountable) The quality of being heterodox.

heterogeneous /ˌhɛt.(ə)ˈɹɑd͡ʒ.ə.nəs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə)ˈɹɒd͡ʒ.ə.nəs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə.)ɹoʊˈd͡ʒiː.ni.əs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə.)ɹəʊˈd͡ʒiː.nɪəs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə.)ɹəˈd͡ʒiː.ni.əs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə.)ɹəˈd͡ʒiː.nɪəs/ more heterogeneous most heterogeneous adj
ilchineálach ilghnéitheach
Diverse in kind or nature; composed of diverse parts.

heteroglossia n
heitribhéascna
(sociology, linguistics) The coexistence of distinct linguistic varieties, styles of discourse, or points of view within a single language, as in a literary work.

heteromorphic more heteromorphic most heteromorphic adj
heitreamorfach
(biology) Having different forms in different stages of the life cycle

heteronormative more heteronormative most heteronormative adj
heitreanormatach

heterophony /hɛtəˈɹɒfəni/ heterophonies n
heitreafóine

heterosexual /ˌhɛtəɹoʊˈsɛkʃuəl/ /ˌhɛtəɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/ /ˌhɛtɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/ more heterosexual most heterosexual adj
heitrighnéasach
Sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex.

heterosexual /ˌhɛtəɹoʊˈsɛkʃuəl/ /ˌhɛtəɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/ /ˌhɛtɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/ heterosexuals n
díreach heitrighnéasach
A heterosexual person, or other heterosexual organism.

heterosis heteroses n
heatróis
(genetics) The tendency of cross-breeding to produce an animal or plant with a greater hardiness than its parents; hybrid vigour.

heterosite n
heitrisít
(mineral) An orthorhombic-dipyramidal mineral containing iron, oxygen, and phosphorus.

heterosome heterosomes n
heitreasóm
(genetics) sex chromosome

heterosphere heterospheres n
heitrisféar
The upper part of the atmosphere, above about 60 miles or 100 km, in which there is great variation in its composition.

heterothallism heterothallisms n
heitreatallacht
(botany) The condition of being heterothallic

heterotroph /-ˌtɹɒf/ /hɛt(ə)ɹə(ʊ)ˈtɹɒf/ /ˈhɛt(ə)ɹə(ʊ)tɹəʊf/ /ˈhɛɾəɹəˌtɹoʊf/ heterotrophs n
heitreatrófach
(ecology) An organism which requires an external supply of energy and nutrients under the form of food containing organic carbon as it cannot synthesize its own.

heterotrophic adj
heitreatrófach
Being a heterotroph.

heterozygosity heterozygosities n
heitrisigóiseacht
The condition of being heterozygous.

heterozygote heterozygotes n
heitrisiogót
(genetics) A diploid individual that has different alleles at one or more genetic loci.

heterozygous adj
heitrisigeach
Of an organism which has two different alleles of a given gene.

hexagon /ˈhɛk.sə.ɡɑn/ /ˈhɛk.sə.ɡən/ hexagons n
heicseagán
(geometry) A polygon with six sides and six angles.

hexagonal /hɛkˈsæɡənəl/ adj
heicseagánach
(geometry) Having six edges, or having a cross-section in the form of a hexagon.

hexane /ˈhɛkseɪn/ hexanes n
heacsán
(organic compound) Any of five isomeric aliphatic hydrocarbons, C6H14. They are colorless, volatile liquids.

hey /heɪ/ interjection
hé hóigh
An exclamation to get attention.
hóigh
(mostly, US) An informal greeting, similar to hi.

hi /haɪ/ [haɪ̯] interjection
haigh
A friendly, informal, casual greeting said upon someone's arrival.

hi-hat hi-hats n
ciombal ard-hata ciombal troitheáin
A pair of cymbals as part of a drum kit that clash together when actuated by the foot pedal.

hi-tech adj
ardteicniúil
(informal) Of, or using high technology.

hiatus /haɪˈeɪtəs/ hiatus hiatuses n
hiatas
séanas
(linguistics, uncountable) A syllable break between two vowels, without an intervening consonant. (Compare diphthong.)

hiccup /ˈhɪkəp/ /ˈhɪkʌp/ hiccups n
fail snag
A case of the hiccups; the condition of having the spasms of hiccupping; singultus; diaphragmatic myoclonus.

hiccup /ˈhɪkəp/ /ˈhɪkʌp/ v
déan fail déan snag
(intransitive) To produce a hiccup; have the hiccups.

hick /hɪk/ hicks n
cábóg tútachán
(pejorative) An awkward, naive, clumsy and/or rude country person. [from early 18th c.]

hickey /ˈhɪk.i/ hickeys n
plaicín suirí
(originally, US, slang) A bruise-like mark made during petting by pressing the mouth to the skin on one’s partner’s body and sucking. [from 1934]

hidden /ˈhɪd(ə)n/ /ˈhɪdn/ more hidden most hidden adj
ceilte folaithe
Located or positioned out of sight; not visually apparent.
ceilte
Obscure.

hidden agenda hidden agendas n
aidhm fholaigh
A wish (and plan) to implement a particular idea without telling anybody, even though people may be affected in a negative way.

hide /haɪd/ hides n
leathar seithe
(countable) The skin of an animal.

hide /haɪd/ v
ceil cuir i bhfolach folaigh
(transitive) To put (something) in a place where it will be harder to discover or out of sight.
téigh i bhfolach
(intransitive) To put oneself in a place where one will be harder to find or out of sight.

hidebound /ˈhaɪd.baʊnd/ more hidebound most hidebound adj
cruachraicneach
Bound with the hide of an animal.
cúngintinneach stalcánta stóinsithe
(figurative, of a person) Stubborn; narrow-minded; inflexible.

hideous /ˈhɪd.i.əs/ more hideous most hideous adj
in anchruth
Extremely or shockingly ugly.
fuafar
Hateful; shocking.

hiding place /ˈhaɪdɪŋ ˌpleɪs/ hiding places n
cró folaigh
A place where someone or something may be hidden.

hieroglyph /ˈhaɪ.ɹəʊˌɡlɪf/ /ˈhaɪ.ɹəˌɡlɪf/ /ˈhaɪɚ.oʊˌɡlɪf/ /ˈhaɪɚ.əˌɡlɪf/ hieroglyphs n
iairiglif
An element of a hieroglyphic writing system, an individual sign or glyph.

high /ˈhaɪ/ [haɪ̯] higher highest adj
ard
Physically elevated, extending above a base or average level:
Relatively elevated; rising or raised above the average or normal level from which elevation is measured.
Very elevated; extending or being far above a base; tall; lofty.

high cross high crosses n
ardchros cros ard
(Ireland, UK) a large free-standing Celtic cross made of stone and often richly decorated.

high definition high definitions n
ardghléine

high fidelity n
ard-dílseacht
The electronic reproduction of a given sound or image with relatively high accuracy.

high frequency high frequencies n
ardmhinicíocht
(radio) The frequency area from 3 MHz through 30 MHz, commonly used for radio broadcasting.

high heels n
sála arda
High-heeled shoes.

high jinks /ˈhaɪ d͡ʒɪŋks/ /ˈhaɪ ˌd͡ʒɪŋks/ n
rancás
Boisterous activity or behaviour; lively fun.

high king high kings n
ardrí
A chief king or ruler; a great, superior, or supreme king; a king of kings.

high priest high priests n
ardsagart uachtarán na sagart
(religion) A clergyman with a higher function than a normal priest.

high relief high reliefs n
rilíf ard
(sculpture) A form of classical sculpture in which forms extend from the background by at least half of their depth.

high school /ˈhaɪ.skul/ /ˈhʌɪskul/ [ˈhɐɪsku̟ɫ] high schools n
ardscoil

high spirits n
mórtas
Joyous elation, joyfulness, joyousness.

high street high streets n
mórshráid príomhshráid
(British, Irish, parts of New England) The main street of any town.
mórshráid
(British, Irish) Mainstream shops, banks, etc. that can be found on such a street, in contrast to more specialist shops and services.

high technology high technologies n
ardteicneolaíocht
Any highly technical or specialized technological application or equipment, especially one that involves complex electronics or computing

high tide high tides n
barr taoide ionradh ard lán mara taoide lán
The natural tide at its highest level for a particular tidal cycle at a certain place.

high time high times n
mithid

high treason n
ardtréas
Criminal disloyalty to one's country or a sovereign.

high vacuum high vacuums n
ardfholús
(physics) A vacuum having a pressure less than about a hundred millipascals

high-frequency adj
ardmhinicíochta
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see high,‎ frequency.

high-level adj
ardleibhéil
(computing, of a programming language) Consisting of relatively natural language-like commands and mathematical notations which, after compilation or interpretation, become a set of machine language instructions.

high-level language high-level languages n
teanga ardleibhéil
(programming) A programming language requiring a compiler to translate it into a form that a particular machine understands, focusing on user-friendly code development by automating core tasks such as accessing memory.

high-minded more high-minded most high-minded adj
mórintinneach
Refined, cultured, particularly civilized.

high-mindedness n
ardaigeantacht
The characteristic of being high-minded.

high-speed higher-speed highest-speed adj
mórluais
That operates, moves or takes place at a greater than normal speed.

high-spirited more high-spirited most high-spirited adj
ardaigeanta ardintinneach móraigeanta
Possessing a bold nature.

highborn adj
uasal
Of, pertaining to, or befitting people of high social standing.

highbrow adj
ardnósach
(sometimes, derogatory) Intellectually stimulating, highly cultured, sophisticated.

highchair highchairs n
ardchathaoir
An elevated chair, often including a built-in tray, used for feeding babies and toddlers.

higher education n
ardoideachas
Education at a university level or beyond.

highland /ˈhaɪ.lənd/ /ˈhaɪ.lɪnd/ highlands n
ardchríoch
A high area; land that is higher than surrounding areas.

highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ highways n
mórbhealach mórbhóthar
A main public road, especially a multi-lane, high-speed thoroughfare.

highwayman /ˈhaɪˌweɪmən/ highwaymen n
gadaí bóthair
(historical) A person, usually mounted on horseback, who robbed travelers on public roads.

hijack /ˈhaɪ.dʒæk/ hijacks n
fuadach
An instance of hijacking; the illegal seizure of a vehicle; a hijacking.

hiking /ˈhaɪkɪŋ/ hikings n
fánaíocht
Walking in the countryside for pleasure or sport.

hilarious /hɪˈlæɹiəs/ /hɪˈlɛ(ə)ɹiəs/ /hɪˈlɛəɹiəs/ more hilarious most hilarious adj
fíorghreannmhar
Very funny; causing great merriment and laughter.

hilarity /hɪˈlæɹɪ.ti/ hilarities n
meidhir
(uncountable) A great amount of amusement, usually accompanied by laughter.
(countable) Something that induces laughter.

hill /hɪl/ [hɪo̯] [hɪɫ] [hɪʊ̯] hills n
cnoc
An elevated landmass smaller than a mountain.

hillbilly /ˈhɪlˌbɪli/ hillbillies n
cábóg
(often, _, pejorative) Someone who is from the hills; especially from a rural area, with a connotation of a lack of refinement or sophistication.

hillock /ˈhɪl.ək/ hillocks n
altán cnocán tulach
A small hill.

hillside hillsides n
leitir
The side of a hill.

hilly /ˈhɪli/ hillier hilliest adj
cnocach
(of a landscape) Abundant in hills; having many hills.

hilt /hɪlt/ hilts n
dornchla feirc
The handle of a sword, consisting of grip, guard, and pommel, designed to facilitate use of the blade and afford protection to the hand.

him /əm/ /ˈhɪm/ [ɪ̈m] pronoun
é
With accusative effect or as a direct object. [from 12th c.]

hind leg /haɪnd.lɛɡ/ hind legs n
cos deiridh
Either of the two legs towards the rear of a four-legged animal.

hindgut hindguts n
putóg chúil
(biology, anatomy, embryology) The caudal part of the alimentary canal of an embryo, including the colon and the rectum, in humans and some other animals.

hindquarter hindquarters n
ceathrú deiridh
(in the plural) The hind biped (leg) of a quadruped, or all body parts situated behind the hind legs' trunk-attachment.

hindrance /ˈhɪndɹəns/ hindrances n
éaradh
Something which hinders: something that holds back or causes problems with something else.

hinge /ˈhɪnd͡ʒ/ hinges n
inse tuisle
A jointed or flexible device that allows the pivoting of a door etc.

hinge joint hinge joints n
alt bacánach
(anatomy) A type of joint where motion is restricted to one plane as in the knee or elbow.

hinged adj
bacánach
ar insí
Affixed by a hinge, as a door.

hint /hɪnt/ hints n
leid
A clue.

hinterland /-lənd/ /ˈhɪntə(ɹ)ˌlænd/ hinterlands n
cúlchríoch cúltír
The land immediately next to, and inland from, a coast.

hip /hɪp/ hips n
cromán alt an chromáin corróg
(slang, possibly, dated) A drug addict, especially someone addicted to a narcotic like heroin.

hip bone hip bones n
cnámh an chromáin cnámh na corróige
(anatomy) One of two roughly symmetrical skeleton parts, each composed of the fused iliac, ischial and pubic bones, that together form the sides of the pelvis.

hip flask hip flasks n
fleasc póca
A container designed to hold small amounts of alcohol, especially spirits, for personal consumption on the go.

hippopotamus /hɪ.po.poˈta.mʊs/ /hɪ.poˈpo.ta.mʊs/ /ˌhi.po.ˈpo.te.mɔs/ /ˌhi.po̞.po̞.ˈte̞ː.mo̞s/ /ˌhɪp.əˈpɑ.tə.məs/ /ˌhɪp.əˈpɒt.ə.məs/ [ˌhɪp.əˈpɑ.ɾə.məs] hippopotami hippopotamus hippopotamuses n
dobhareach
A large, semi-aquatic, herbivorous (plant-eating) African mammal (Hippopotamus amphibius; common hippopotamus).

hire /haɪə/ /haɪɹ/ /ˈhaɪ.ə/ /ˈhaɪ.ɚ/ v
fostaigh
(transitive) To employ; to obtain the services of (a person) in exchange for remuneration; to give someone a job.

hireling /ˈhaɪ.ə.lɪŋ/ /ˈhaɪɹˌlɪŋ/ hirelings n
amhas
(usually, pejorative) An employee who is hired, often to perform unpleasant tasks with little independence.

his /əz/ /ɪ̈z/ /ˈhɘz/ /ˈhɪz/ determiner
a
Belonging to him. [from 8th c.]

hiss /hɪs/ hisses n
siosóg
A sibilant sound, such as that made by a snake or escaping steam; an unvoiced fricative.

hiss /hɪs/ v
sios
(intransitive) To make a hissing sound.

histidine histidines n
histidín
(amino acid) An essential amino acid C6H9N3O2 found in most animal proteins; essential for tissue growth and repair.

histochemistry n
histiceimic
(biology, chemistry) The branch of histology dealing with the chemistry of cells and tissues.

histogenesis histogeneses n
histigineas
(biology) the formation and development of the tissues of an organism from embryonic cells

histogenetic adj
histigineach histiginiteach
of, or relating to histogenesis

histogram /ˈhɪstəˌɡɹæm/ histograms n
histeagram
(statistics) A graphical display of numerical data in the form of upright bars, with the area of each bar representing frequency.

histologist /hɪˈstɑlədʒɪst/ histologists n
histeolaí
(biology) One who studies histology.

histology /hɪsˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ histologies n
histeolaíocht
(biology) The study of the microscopic structure, chemical composition and function of the tissue or tissue systems of plants and animals.

histolysis histolyses n
histealú
breakdown of bodily tissues

histopathology histopathologies n
histeapaiteolaíocht
(biology) The microscopic study of tissue, especially of abnormal tissue as a result of disease.

historian /hɪˈstɑɹi.ən/ /hɪˈstɔəɹɪən/ /hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/ /hɪˈstɔːɹɪən/ historians n
staraí
A writer of history; a chronicler; an annalist.
One who studies or researches history.

historical /hɪˈstɑɹɪkəl/ /hɪˈstɒɹɪkəl/ /hɪˈstɔɹɪkəl/ more historical most historical adj
stairiúil
(uncommon) Synonym of historic: important or likely to be important to history and historians.

historical present n
láithreach stairiúil
(grammar) The present tense as used when referring to real past events, to add immediacy to what is being said or written.
(grammar) The present tense as used when writing a fictional narrative.

historiographer /hɪˌstɔɹiˈɑɡɹəfəɹ/ historiographers n
croiniceoir
A scholar who studies historiography.

historiography /hɪˌstɔɹiˈɑɡɹəfi/ historiographies n
scríobh na staire staireagrafaíocht

history /ˈhɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/ /ˈhɪs.tɹɪ/ histories n
stair
The aggregate of past events.
The branch of knowledge that studies the past; the assessment of notable events.
(countable) A record or narrative description of past events.

hit /hɪt/ v
smiot
aimsigh
(transitive) To manage to touch (a target) in the right place.

hoar frost /ˈhoɹ ˌfɹɑst/ /ˈhɔː fɹɒst/ hoar frosts n
sioc bán sioc geal
(specifically, meteorology) Water vapour which has undergone deposition or desublimation when the air is cold and moist to form a white deposit on exposed surfaces.

hoarse /hoəs/ /hoɹs/ /hoː(ə)ɹs/ /hoːɹs/ /hɔː(ɹ)s/ [ho̞ɹs] hoarser hoarsest adj
cársánach piachánach
Having a dry, harsh tone to the voice, as a result of a sore throat, age, emotion, etc.

hoarseness hoarsenesses n
piachán
The quality of being hoarse, of having a dry harsh voice.

hoax /hoʊks/ /həʊks/ hoaxes n
dallamullóg
Anything deliberately intended to deceive or trick.

hobbit /ˈhɒbɪt/ [-ɪʔ] hobbits hobbitses n
hobad
A member of a fictional race of small humanoids with shaggy hair and hairy feet. [from 20th c.]

hobble /ˈhɒbəl/ hobbles n
habal
An unsteady, off-balance step.

hobble skirt hobble skirts n
habal
A skirt with a narrow enough hem to significantly impede the wearer's stride, or hobble the wearer.

hobby /ˈhɑ.bi/ /ˈhɒ.bi/ hobbies n
caitheamh aimsire
An activity that one enjoys doing in one's spare time.

hobo /ˈhoʊ.boʊ/ /ˈhəʉ.bəʉ/ /ˈhəʊ.bəʊ/ hoboes hobos n
fear siúil
(North America) A wandering homeless person, especially (historical) one illegally travelling by rail or (pejorative) a penniless, unemployed bum.

hockey /ˈhɑki/ /ˈhɒki/ n
haca haca oighir
(North America) Ice hockey, a game on ice in which two teams of six players skate and try to score by shooting a puck into the opposing team's net, using their sticks.

hod /hɑd/ /hɒd/ hods n
adac
A three-sided box mounted on a pole for carrying bricks, mortar, or other construction materials over the shoulder.

hod carrier hod carriers n
fear adaic
A bricklayer’s or mason’s laborer who carries bricks, mortar, cement and the like in a hod.

hoe /hoʉ/ /hoʊ/ /həʊ/ hoes n
grafóg
An agricultural tool consisting of a long handle with a flat blade fixed perpendicular to it at the end, used for digging rows or removing weeds.

hog /hɑɡ/ /hɒɡ/ /hɔɡ/ hogs n
muc borra
Any animal belonging to the Suidae family of mammals, especially the pig, the warthog, and the boar.
muc
(informal) A greedy person or thing; one who refuses to share; a gluttonous one.

hogweed hogweeds n
feabhrán
An umbelliferous plant, of genus Heracleum, most species of which are phototoxic.

hoi polloi /ˌhɔɪ pəˈlɔɪ/ n
slua
(collective) The common people; the masses. (Used with or without the definite article.)

hoist /hɔɪst/ v
tóg
(transitive) To raise; to lift; to elevate (especially, to raise or lift to a desired elevation, by means of tackle or pulley, said of a sail, a flag, a heavy package or weight).

hold /hoʊld/ /həʊld/ [hoəɫd] [həʊɫd] v
coimeád coinnigh
(transitive) To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or action; to bind legally or morally; to confine; to restrain.
coinnigh
To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to prosecute, as a course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to sustain.

holder /ˈhoʊɫdɚ/ /ˈhəʊldə/ holders n
coimeádán gabhdán
A thing that holds.

holding /ˈhəʊldɪŋ/ [ˈhoʊɫdɪŋ] [ˈhəʉɫdɪŋ] [ˈhəʊɫdɪŋ] holdings n
gabháltas
A tenure; a farm or other estate held of another.

holding company holding companies n
cuideachta sealbhaíochta
(business) A company whose main purpose is to own shares of other companies, as opposed to producing goods or offering services.

hole /hoʊl/ /hɐʉl/ /həʊl/ [hoɫ] [hɔʊɫ] holes n
poll
An opening that goes all the way through a solid body, a fabric, etc.; a perforation; a rent.
(stud poker) A card (also called a hole card) dealt face down thus unknown to all but its holder; the status in which such a card is.
(golf) A subsurface standard-size hole, also called cup, hitting the ball into which is the object of play. Each hole, of which there are usually eighteen as the standard on a full course, is located on a prepared surface, called the green, of a particular type grass.
poll cuas gola oscailt
(slang) Any bodily orifice, in particular the anus.

holiday /ˈhɑləˌdeɪ/ /ˈhɒlɪdeɪ/ /ˈhɒlɪdɪ/ holidays n
lá saoire
A day on which a festival, religious event, or national celebration is traditionally observed.
A day declared free from work by the state or government.
saoire
(chiefly, UK, Australia) A period of one or more days taken off work for leisure and often travel; often plural.
laethanta saoire
(chiefly, UK, Australia) A period during which pupils do not attend their school; often plural; rarely used for students at university (usually: vacation).

holiday camp holiday camps n
campa saoire
(British) An enclosed resort providing accommodation (often in chalets) and entertainment, generally aimed at families.

holiday-maker holiday-makers n
lucht aermaíochta
(British) Someone who is on holiday.

hollow /ˈhɑ.loʊ/ /ˈhɑlɚ/ /ˈhɒl.əʊ/ hollows n
easca
A sunken area on a surface.
cuas cuasán
An unfilled space in something solid; a cavity, natural or artificial.

hollowness hollownesses n
fabhtacht
The state or quality of being hollow.

holly /ˈhɑli/ /ˈhɒli/ hollies n
crann cuilinn cuileann
Any of various shrubs or (mostly) small trees, of the genus Ilex, either evergreen or deciduous, used as decoration especially at Christmas.

holm oak /ˈhoʊm oʊk/ /ˈhəʊm əʊk/ holm oaks n
dair thoilm
An evergreen tree, Quercus ilex, native to the Mediterranean region.

holmium /ˈhoʊ.mi.əm/ holmiums n
hoilmiam
A chemical element (symbol Ho) with atomic number 67: a soft and malleable silvery-white metal, too reactive to be found uncombined in nature.

hologram /ˈhɒləɡɹæm/ holograms n
holagram
A three-dimensional image of an object created by holography.

holography holographies n
holagrafaíocht
(physics) a technique for recording, and then reconstructing, the amplitude and phase distributions of a coherent wave disturbance; used to produce three-dimensional images or holograms

holy /ˈhoʊli/ /ˈhəʊli/ holier holiest adj
naofa beannaithe
Dedicated to a religious purpose or a god.
naofa
Revered in a religion.

holy cross holy crosses n
Cros Naofa
A cross as a Christian symbol of the crucifixion of Christ

holy water holy waters n
uisce coisricthe
(Christianity) In certain Christian churches, water that has been sanctified by a priest or bishop for the purpose of baptism or for the blessing of persons, places, or things.

homage /oʊˈmɑʒ/ /ɒˈmɑːʒ/ /ˈ(h)ɑmɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈhɒmɪd͡ʒ/ homages n
ómós
(countable, uncountable) A demonstration of respect, such as towards a person after their retirement or death.
(historical) In feudalism, the formal oath of a vassal to honor his or her lord's rights.

home /hoʊm/ /həʊm/ adv
abhaile
(internet) To the home page.
sa bhaile
At or in one's place of residence or one's customary or official location; at home.

home /hoʊm/ /həʊm/ homes n
baile
One’s own dwelling place; the house or structure in which one lives; especially the house in which one lives with one's family; the habitual abode of one’s family.

home front home fronts n
fronta baile
The civilian sphere as opposed to the military; specifically, the civilian sphere supporting the military's efforts in a war.

home is where the heart is proverb
níl aon tinteán mar do thinteán féin
One's true home is where one feels happiest.

home page /ˈhoʊmpeɪdʒ/ /ˈhəʊmpeɪdʒ/ home pages n
leathanach baile
The main or first page of a website or set of hyperlinked documents.
The default page set to open in a web browser or hypertext system when it starts up, or when its home function is invoked.

homeland /ˈhoʊmˌlænd/ /ˈhoʊmˌlənd/ homelands n
tír dhúchais
The country that one regards as home.

homeless /ˈhoʊmləs/ /ˈhoʊmlɪs/ adj
gan dídean
Lacking a permanent place of residence.

homemade more homemade most homemade adj
baile
Made at home.

homeomorphism homeomorphisms n
hoiméamorfachas hoiméamorfacht
(topology) a continuous bijection from one topological space to another, with continuous inverse.

homeopath homeopaths n
hoiméapat
A person who practices homeopathy.

homeopathic more homeopathic most homeopathic adj
hoiméapatach
Of or pertaining to homeopathy.

homeopathy /ˌhomiˈɑpəθi/ /ˌhɑmiˈɑpəθi/ /ˌhɒmɪˈɒpəθi/ /ˌhəʊmɪˈɒpəθi/ homeopathies n
hoiméapaite
A system of treating diseases with small amounts of substances which, in larger amounts, would produce the observed symptoms.

homeostasis /ˌhoʊ.mi.oʊˈsteɪ.sɪs/ /ˌhɒmɪə(ʊ)ˈsteɪsɪs/ /ˌhəʊmɪə(ʊ)ˈsteɪsɪs/ homeostases n
aonstádas hoiméastáis
(physiology) The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a state of dynamic constancy; such as the ability of warm-blooded animals to maintain a stable temperature.

homeostatic /ˌhoʊmioʊˈstætɪk/ adj
aonstádach
(biology, physiology) Of or pertaining to homeostasis.

homesickness homesicknesses n
cumha (i ndiaidh an bhaile)
The characteristic of being homesick; a strong, sad feeling of missing one's home (and often left-behind loved ones, such as family and friends) when physically away.

homestead /ˈhoʊmˌstɛd/ homesteads n
aicíocht
The place that is one's home.

homeward /ˈhoʊmwɚd/ /ˈhəʊmwəd/ adv
abhaile
Towards home.

homewards adj
abhaile
Leading toward home.

homework /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/ /ˈhəʊmˌwɜːk/ homeworks n
obair bhaile
(literally, now, _, rare) Any work that is done at home; housework.

homing pigeon homing pigeons n
colúr frithinge
A variety of domesticated rock pigeon (Columba livia) that has been selectively bred to be able to find its way home over extremely long distances.

hominid adj
homainideach
Of the Hominidae.

hominid hominids n
homainid
Any primate of the taxonomic family Hominidae, which includes all the nonhuman great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans) as well as humans.

homocentric more homocentric most homocentric adj
aonlárnach
(geometry) Having the same centre.

homoerotic /ˌhoʊmoʊəˈɹɑtɪk/ /ˌhəʊməʊəˈɹɒtɪk/ more homoerotic most homoerotic adj
homa-earótach
Arousing a homosexual desire.
Pertaining to homosexual love or desire

homogeneity /ˌhoʊ.mə.d͡ʒəˈneɪ.ə.ti/ /ˌhoʊ.mə.d͡ʒəˈniː.ə.ti/ /ˌhɑ.mə.d͡ʒəˈneɪ.ə.ti/ /ˌhɑ.mə.d͡ʒəˈniː.ə.ti/ /ˌhɒm.ə(ʊ).d͡ʒəˈneɪ.ə.ti/ /ˌhɒm.ə(ʊ).d͡ʒəˈniː.ə.ti/ /ˌhəʉ.mə.d͡ʒəˈniː.ə.ti/ /ˌhəʉ.mə.d͡ʒəˈnæɪ.ə.ti/ /ˌhəʊ.mə(ʊ).d͡ʒəˈneɪ.ə.ti/ /ˌhəʊ.mə(ʊ).d͡ʒəˈniː.ə.ti/ [ˌhəʉ.mə.d͡ʒəˈnæɪ.ə.ɾi] [ˌhəʉ.mə.d͡ʒəˈnɪi.ə.ti] [ˌhəʉ.mə.d͡ʒəˈnɪi.ə.ɾi] homogeneities n
homaigineacht
The condition of being homogeneous: having uniformity of constituent content.

homogeneous /həˈmɑ.d͡ʒə.nəs/ /ˌhoʊ.moʊˈd͡ʒiː.njəs/ /ˌhoʊ.moʊˈd͡ʒɛ.njəs/ /ˌhoʊ.məˈd͡ʒiː.njəs/ /ˌhɒ.mə(ʊ)ˈdʒiː.nɪəs/ /ˌhəʊ.mə(ʊ)ˈdʒiː.nɪəs/ adj
aonchineálach
(ring theory, of an element of a graded ring) Belonging to one of the summands of the grading (if the ring is graded over the natural numbers and the element is in the kth summand, it is said to be homogeneous of degree k; if the ring is graded over a commutative monoid I, and the element is an element of the ith summand, it is said to be of grade i)

homograph /ˈhoʊməɡɹæf/ /ˈhɑːməɡɹæf/ /ˈhɒməɡɹɑːf/ /ˈhəʊməɡɹæf/ homographs n
homagraf
A word that is spelled the same as another word, usually having a different etymology.

homologous /həˈmɒləɡəs/ more homologous most homologous adj
homalógach
Showing a degree of correspondence or similarity.

homologue /ˈhoʊməlɑːɡ/ /ˈhɑːməlɑːɡ/ /ˈhɒməlɒɡ/ homologues n
homalóg

homology homologies n
homalógacht
(algebra) Given a chain complex {Gn} and its associated set of homomorphisms {Hn}, the rule which explains how each Hn maps Gn into the kernel of Gn+1.
(biology, psychology) The relationship, between characteristics or behaviours, of having a shared evolutionary or developmental origin;(evolutionary theory) specifically, a correspondence between structures in separate life forms having a common evolutionary origin, such as that between mammalian flippers and hands.
(chemistry) The relationship, between elements, of being in the same group of the periodic table.
(genetics) The presence of the same series of bases in different but related genes.
(geometry, projective geometry) An automorphism of the projective plane (representing a perspective projection) that leaves all the points of some straight line (the homology axis) fixed and maps all the lines through some single point (the homology centre) onto themselves.
(organic chemistry) The relationship, between organic compounds, of being in the same homologous series.
(topology, algebraic topology) A general way of associating a sequence of algebraic objects, such as abelian groups or modules, to a sequence of topological spaces; also used attributively: see Usage notes below.
The relationship of being homologous; a homologous relationship.

homomorphism homomorphisms n
homamorfacht
(algebra) A structure-preserving map between two algebraic structures of the same type, such as groups, rings, or vector spaces.

homomorphous more homomorphous most homomorphous adj
homamorfach
(algebra, biology) Characterized by homomorphism.

homophobia /ˌhɒ.məˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌhəʊ.məˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ homophobias n
homafóibe hómafóibe
Hatred, fear, dislike of, or prejudice against homosexuals.

homophobic more homophobic most homophobic adj
homafóbach
Exhibiting homophobia; characteristic of homophobes.

homophone /ˈhɑməfoʊ̯n/ /ˈhɒməfəʊ̯n/ /ˈhɔməfoʊ̯n/ homophones n
homafón téarma comhfhuaimneach
(semantics) A word which is pronounced the same as another word but differs in spelling or meaning or origin.

homophonic adj
aonséiseach homafónach
(music) Having a single, accompanied, melodic line; not polyphonic.

homophony /həˈmɒfəni/ homophonies n
aonséis homafóine

homosexual /ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhoʊməˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/ /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhəʊməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/ /ˌhəʊməʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ more homosexual most homosexual adj
aerach homaighnéasach
(of a person or other animal, formal, distancing, or, dated) Sexually and/or romantically attracted to members of the same sex, such as a man who is attracted to men or a woman who is attracted to women; gay. (Typically used in the sense of sole/exclusive attraction.)

homosexual /ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhoʊməˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/ /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhəʊməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/ /ˌhəʊməʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ homosexuals n
homaighnéasach
(typically, formal, distancing, or, dated) A person who is sexually attracted solely or primarily to others of the same sex.

homosexuality /ˌhoʊmoʊˌsɛkʃuˈælɪti/ /ˌhoʊməˌsɛkʃuˈælɪti/ /ˌhɒmə(ʊ)-/ /ˌhəʊmə(ʊ)sɛkʃʊˈælɪti/ /ˌhəʊmə(ʊ)ˌsɛksjʊˈælɪti/ homosexualities n
homaighnéasachas homaighnéasacht
Sexual activity with a person of the same sex, sometimes (potentially, _, offensive) restricted to same-sex sex between males. [1897]

homothetic adj
homaitéiteach

homozygote /ˌhəʊməʊˈzaɪɡəʊt/ homozygotes n
homaisiogót
(genetics) A diploid individual that has equal alleles at one or more genetic loci.

homozygous /ˌhəʊməʊˈzaɪɡəs/ more homozygous most homozygous adj
homaisigeach
Of an organism in which both copies of a given gene have the same allele

honest /ˈɑnəst/ /ˈɑnɪst/ /ˈɒnɪst/ /ˈɔːnɪst/ honester honestest more honest most honest adj
macánta
(of a person or institution) Scrupulous with regard to telling the truth; not given to swindling, lying, or fraud; upright.

honesty /ˈɑnəsti/ /ˈɒnəsti/ /ˈɒnəstɪ/ /ˈɔːnɪstɪ/ honesties n
ionracas
(uncountable, countable) The act, quality, or condition of being honest.
sailchuach na gealaí
(countable) Any of various crucifers in the genus Lunaria, several of which are grown as ornamentals, particularly Lunaria annua.

honey /ˈhʌni/ honeys honies n
mil
(uncountable) A viscous, gold-coloured sweet fluid produced from plant nectar by bees, and often consumed by humans.

honey badger honey badgers n
broc meala
Mellivora capensis, a badger-like mustelid native to Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent.

honey bee honey bees n
beach mheala seileán
Any of seven species of bee, in genus Apis, often kept commercially for honey, beeswax, and pollination of crops.

honeycomb /ˈhʌnikəʊm/ /ˈhʌniˌkoʊm/ honeycombs n
cíor mheala
(uncountable) A substance made by bees (clade Anthophila) primarily from beeswax which has hexagonal cells to hold their larvae, and for storing pollen and honey to feed the larvae and themselves when other food is scarce; it is also eaten by humans as part of comb-honey; (countable) a single sheet made up of two layers of this substance.

honeycombed more honeycombed most honeycombed adj
criathraithe
Having a perforated structure, resembling a honeycomb.

honeymoon /ˈhʌn.iˌmuːn/ honeymoons n
mí na meala
The period of time immediately following a marriage.
A trip taken by a newly married couple during this period.
A period of goodwill at the beginning of a new term or relationship (e.g. towards a newly elected politician or in respect of a new business arrangement).

honeysuckle /ˈhʌniːsʌkəl/ /ˈhʌnɪsʌk(ə)l/ honeysuckles n
féithleann
Any of several species of superficially similar plants from Australia

honor /ˈɑ.nɚ/ /ˈɒn.ə/ /ˈɔn.ə/ honors n
oirmhidin
(uncountable) Recognition of importance or value; respect; veneration (of someone, usually for being morally upright or successful).
clú
(uncountable) The state of being morally upright, honest, noble, virtuous, and magnanimous; excellence of character; the perception of such a state; favourable reputation; dignity.
oineach onóir
(countable) A token of praise or respect; something that represents praiseworthiness or respect, such as a prize or award given by the state to a citizen.

honor /ˈɑ.nɚ/ /ˈɒn.ə/ /ˈɔn.ə/ v
oirmhinnigh onóraigh tabhair onóir do
(transitive) To think of highly, to respect highly; to show respect for; to recognise the importance or spiritual value of.

honoured /ˈɑnɚd/ /ˈɒnəd/ more honoured most honoured adj
clúiteach
(British spelling) Respected, having received honour.

hood /hʊd/ [hɪ̈d] [hʊ̈d] hoods n
cochall maistín
A covering for the head, usually attached to a larger garment such as a jacket or cloak.

hooded /ˈhʊdɪd/ adj
cochallach
Wearing a hood.
Covered with a hood.
Shaped like a hood.

hooded crow hooded crows n
badhbh charóg liath
A grey and black Eurasian crow, Corvus cornix.

hooded seal /ˈhʊdɪd siːl/ hooded seals n
rón cochallach
An arctic seal, Cystophora cristata, notable for the fleshy bulge on its forehead and nose.

hoodwink /ˈhʊdwɪŋk/ /ˈhʊdˌwɪŋk/ v
bob a bhualadh ar
To deceive using a disguise; to bewile, dupe, mislead.

hoof /huːf/ /hʊf/ hoofs hooves n
crúb
The tip of a toe of an ungulate such as a horse, ox or deer, strengthened by a thick keratin covering.

hoofed /hʊft/ adj
crúbach
Having a hoof or hooves; ungulate.

hook /huːk/ /hʉk/ /hʊk/ hooks n
crúca
A rod bent into a curved shape, typically with one end free and the other end secured to a rope or other attachment.
(music) A catchy musical phrase which forms the basis of a popular song.
dorn húc
(boxing) a type of punch delivered with the arm rigid and partially bent and the fist travelling nearly horizontally mesially along an arc

hook and eye hooks and eyes n
crúca is cró lúb is corrán
A matched hook and an eye (loop into which the hook can fit), used for fastening.

hooker /ˈhʊk.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈhʊk.ɚ/ hookers n
caiteoir
(rugby) A player who hooks the ball out of the scrum with his foot.

hookup /ˈhʊkʌp/ hookups n
ceangal
(sometimes, attributive) A connection.

hookworm hookworms n
péist chrúcach
Any of various parasitic bloodsucking roundworms which cause disease, especially the species Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, having hooked mouthparts and entering their hosts by boring through the skin.

hooligan /ˈhuː.lɪ.ɡən/ hooligans n
amhas amhasóir
(informal, pejorative) A person who causes trouble or violence.

hooliganism /ˈhu.lɪ.ɡən.ɪz.əm/ hooliganisms n
amhasóireacht
unruly, aggressive behavior; behavior associated with hooligans

hoop /huːp/ hoops n
fleasc fonsa
A circular band of metal used to bind a barrel.
fonsa
A circular band of metal, wood, or similar material used for forming part of a framework such as an awning or tent.
(now, chiefly, historical) A circle, or combination of circles, of thin whalebone, metal, or other elastic material, used for expanding the skirts of ladies' dresses; (hence, by extension) a hoop petticoat or hoop skirt.
(basketball) The rim part of a basketball net.

hoopoe /ˈhupoʊ/ /ˈhupu/ /ˈhupəʊ/ /ˈhuːpuː/ hoopoes n
hupu
Any Old World bird of genus Upupa, especially Upupa epops (Eurasian hoopoe), known for its distinctive plumage, fanlike crest, and slender bill.

hooray /həˈɹeɪ/ interjection
abú
Used to express approval, joy or victory.

hop /hɑp/ /hɒp/ /hɔp/ hops n
leannlus
(usually, in the plural) The flowers of the hop plant, dried and used to brew beer etc.
(US, slang) Opium, or some other narcotic drug.

hop picker hop pickers n
buanaí leannlus
A person employed to pick hops in the hop-picking season.

hope /hoʊp/ /həʊp/ hopes n
dóchas dúil súil
(countable, _, or, _, uncountable) The feeling of trust, confidence, belief or expectation that something wished for can or will happen.

hope /hoʊp/ /həʊp/ v
bí ag súil bí i ndóchas
(intransitive, transitive) To want something to happen, with a sense of expectation that it might.

hopeful /ˈhoʊpfəl/ /ˈhəʊpfəl/ more hopeful most hopeful adj
misniúil
feeling hope

hopeless /ˈhoʊplɪs/ /ˈhəʊplɪs/ more hopeless most hopeless adj
éadóchasach
Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing desirable; desperate.

hopper /ˈhɑ.pɚ/ /ˈhɒp.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɔp.ə/ hoppers n
crannóg
A temporary storage bin, filled from the top and emptied from the bottom, often funnel-shaped.

horde /ho(ː)ɹd/ /hoəd/ /hoːd/ /hɔɹd/ /hɔːd/ hordes n
slua
A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe of a nomadic people (originally Tatars) migrating from place to place for the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude.
A large number of people or things.

horizon /həˈɹaɪ.zən/ horizons n
spéire
The visible horizontal line (in all directions) where the sky appears to meet the earth in the distance.

horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑntəl/ /ˌhɒɹɪˈzɒntəl/ more horizontal most horizontal adj
cothrománach
Perpendicular to the vertical; parallel to the plane of the horizon; level, flat.

horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑntəl/ /ˌhɒɹɪˈzɒntəl/ horizontals n
cothromán
A horizontal component of a structure.

hormonal /hɔɹˈmoʊnəl/ more hormonal most hormonal adj
hormónach
(hormone) Pertaining to hormones.

hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ /ˈhɔːməʊn/ hormones n
hormón
(physiology) Any substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another to effect physiological activity.

horn /hɔɹn/ /hɔːn/ /ˈhoːrn/ /ˈhoːɻn/ /ˈhɒːɹn/ horns n
adharc
Any similar real or imaginary growth or projection such as the elongated tusk of a narwhal, the eyestalk of a snail, the pointed growth on the nose of a rhinoceros, or the hornlike projection on the head of a demon or similar.
(uncountable) The hard substance from which animals' horns are made, sometimes used by man as a material for making various objects.
(countable, musical instrument) An instrument resembling a musical horn and used to signal others.
(countable, automotive) A loud alarm, especially one on a motor vehicle.
(vulgar, slang, with definite article) An erection of the penis.
corn
(countable) Any of several musical wind instruments.

hornbeam /ˈhɔɹnˌbim/ /ˈhɔːnˌbiːm/ hornbeams n
crann sleamhain
A tree of the genus Carpinus, having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard, common along the banks of streams in the United States.

horned /ˈhɔː(ɹ)nd/ /ˈhɔː(ɹ)nɪd/ adj
beannach
Having horns.

horned grebe horned grebes n
foitheach cluasach
A type of grebe native to the Northern Hemisphere, Podiceps auritus, that has tufts of feathers during the breeding season positioned like horns on the sides of the head.

horned lark horned larks n
fuiseog adharcach
(US) A lark, Eremophila alpestris, with distinctive facial markings.

hornet /ˈhɔɹ.nɪt/ /ˈhɔː.nɪt/ hornets n
cearnabhán
A large wasp, of the genus Vespa, having a brown-and-yellow-striped body and the ability to inflict a serious sting.

horniness n
adharcacht
(slang, vulgar) The state, quality, or extent of being horny or sexually excited.

hornless /hɔɹn.ləs/ /hɔɹn.lɪs/ /hɔːn.ləs/ /hɔːn.lɪs/ adj
maol
Without horns.

horny /ˈhoɹni/ /ˈhɔːni/ hornier horniest adj
adharcach gnéasach macnasach mealltach téisiúil áilíosach
(slang, informal) Sexually aroused, with or without physical manifestation; experiencing a feeling of sexual desire.

horrible /ˈhɑɹɪbəl/ /ˈhɒɹɪbəl/ /ˈhɔɹɪbəl/ [-bəɫ] horribler horriblest more horrible most horrible adj
gránna uafásach
Causing horror; terrible; shocking.

horror /ˈhɑɹ.ɚ/ /ˈhɒɹ.ə/ /ˈhɔɚ/ /ˈhɔɹ.ɚ/ horrors n
adhfhuath
uafás
(countable, uncountable) An intense distressing emotion of fear or repugnance.

horror movie horror movies n
scannán uafáis
(mostly, North America) A motion picture which entertains by horrifying or frightening the audience.

horse /hoɹs/ /hoːs/ /hɔːs/ /hɔːɹs/ [ho̝ːs] [ho̞ɹs] horses n
capall each
(chess, informal) The chess piece representing a knight, depicted as a horse.
(nautical) Type of equipment.
(dated, slang, among students) A translation or other illegitimate aid in study or examination.
each capall
Any member of the species Equus ferus, including the Przewalski's horse and the extinct Equus ferus ferus.
eachra
(military, sometimes, uncountable) Cavalry soldiers (sometimes capitalized when referring to an official category).

horse chestnut /ˌhɔɹs ˈtʃɛsnʌt/ /ˌhɔːs ˈtʃɛsnʌt/ horse chestnuts n
crann cnó capaill
Any of several tree species of genus Aesculus, especially Aesculus hippocastanum, common in temperate northern hemisphere.
cnó capaill
The large nutlike seed of these trees.

horse mackerel horse mackerels n
bolmán bolmán Atlantach

horse mushroom horse mushrooms n
beacán capaill
Agaricus arvensis (species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae).

horse mussel horse mussels n
diúilicín capaill
Atrina zelandica, a large bivalve common from low tide to 45 m depth with a thin, dark, wedge-shaped shell covered with hollow spines.
Atrina squamifera

horse pistol horse pistols n
piostal marcaigh

horse-leech horse-leeches n
súmaire
A type of sucking worm, Haemopis sanguisuga, larger than the common leech.

horseback /ˈhɔɹsˌbæk/ /ˈhɔːsˌbæk/ adv
ar chapall ar dhroim capaill ar muin capaill
On the back of a horse.

horsefly horseflies n
creabhar creabhar capaill
Any of several medium to large flies, of the family Tabanidae, that suck the blood of mammals (not to be confused with Stomoxys calcitrans, the stable fly, or dog fly).

horseman /ˈhɔɹsmən/ /ˈhɔːsmən/ horsemen n
marcach eachaí eachmharcach
A man who rides a horse.

horsemeat horsemeats n
feoil chapaill
The meat from a horse.

horseplay n
pleidhcíocht
Rough or rowdy play that can often result in unintentional physical harm.

horsepower /ˈhɔɹsˌpaʊɚ/ /ˈhɔːsˌpaʊə/ horsepower horsepowers n
each-chumhacht
A metric unit (symbol often PS from the German abbreviation), approximately equal to 735.5 watts.

horseradish /ˈhɔɹsɹædɪʃ/ /ˈhɔːsɹædɪʃ/ horseradishes n
raidis fhiáin
(uncountable) A pungent condiment made from the root of the plant.

horseshoe /ˈhɔː.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːs.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːɹ.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːɹs.ʃuː/ horseshoes n
crú
The U-shaped shoe of a horse, now typically made of metal; by extension, a representation of this used to play the game horseshoes, hung as a luck charm, etc.

horseshoe bat horseshoe bats n
crú-ialtóg
A bat of the genus Rhinolophus.

horsetail /ˈhɔː(ɹ)s.teɪl/ horsetails n
eireaball capaill
(botany) Any of various simple vascular plants, of the order Equisetales, that have hollow stems and produce spores.

horsewoman horsewomen n
baneachlach banmharcach
A woman who is skilled with horses; a female equestrian.

horticulturist horticulturists n
gairneoir gortóir
A gardener; a person interested or practicing horticulture.

hose /hoʊz/ /həʊz/ hosen hoses n
píobán
(countable) A flexible tube conveying water or other fluid.

hospice /ˈhɑspɪs/ /ˈhɒspɪs/ hospices n
ospís
(uncountable) The provision of palliative care for terminally ill patients, either at a specialized facility or at a residence, and support for the family, typically refraining from taking extraordinary measures to prolong life.

hospitable /hɑsˈpɪtəbl̩/ /hɒsˈpɪtəbl̩/ /ˈhɑspɪtəbl̩/ more hospitable most hospitable adj
aíoch aíochtach gartach iostasach
cordial and generous towards guests

hospital /ˈhɑs.pɪ.tl̩/ /ˈhɑs.pɪ.ɾl̩/ /ˈhɒs.pɪ.tl̩/ /ˈɒs.pɪ.tl̩/ hospitals n
ospidéal
A large medical facility, usually in a building with multiple floors, where seriously ill or injured patients are given extensive medical and/or surgical treatment.

hospital gown hospital gowns n
gúna ospidéil
A gown worn by patients, typically being knee-length, having short sleeves, and being secured on the body with strings or snaps.

hospitality /hɑs.pɪˈtæl.ɪ.ti/ /hɒs.pɪˈtæl.ɪ.ti/ hospitalities n
cóir fáilte gart
The act or service of welcoming, receiving, hosting, or entertaining guests; an appropriate attitude of openness, respect, and generosity toward guests.
aíocht fáilteachas
(business) The business of providing catering, lodging and entertainment service; the industry which includes the operation of hotels, restaurants, and similar enterprises.

host /hoʊst/ /həʊst/ hosts n
óstach
One which receives or entertains a guest, socially, commercially, or officially.
abhlann
(Christianity) The consecrated bread of the Eucharist.

hostage /ˈhɑs.tɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈhɒs.tɪd͡ʒ/ hostages n
banna brá geall giall
A person given as a pledge or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or similar agreement, such as to ensure the status of a vassal.

hostelling n
brúdóireacht
(British spelling) the practice of staying in youth hostels when on holiday, or travelling

hostess /ˈhoʊstɪs/ /ˈhəʊstəs/ host hostesses n
banóstach
A female host.

hot /hɑt/ /hɒt/ /hɔt/ hotter hottest adj
te
(of an object) Having or giving off a high temperature.
gnéasach slachtmhar téisiúil
(colloquial, of a person) Very physically and/or sexually attractive.

hot chocolate hot chocolates n
seacláid the
A serving of a warm beverage made of cocoa and water or milk, often drunk during cold weather.

hot tub hot tubs n
tobán te
(chiefly, US) A large tub, often situated outdoors, filled with hot water and used for communal leisure bathing.

hot water bottle hot water bottles n
buidéal te
A flexible, saclike bottle, usually made of rubber, intended to be filled with hot water and placed on some part of the body for thermotherapy, or simple warming.

hot whiskey hot whiskeys n
fuisce te uisce beatha te
A drink consisting of a shot of whiskey, boiling water, brown sugar, and a slice of lemon with cloves.

hot-tempered more hot-tempered most hot-tempered adj
cochallach
Becoming very vocal or even violent when angered or frustrated.

hotel /(h)əʊˈtɛl/ /hoʊˈtɛl/ /ˈhoʊtɛl/ hotels n
óstán
An establishment that provides accommodation and other services for paying guests; normally larger than a guesthouse, and often one of a chain. [from 17th c.]

hound /haʊnd/ hounds n
cú
A dog, particularly a breed with a good sense of smell developed for hunting other animals.

hound's tongue hound's tongues n
leadhb ghadhair teanga chon
A biennial weed (Cynoglossum officinale) with soft tongue-shaped leaves and an offensive odour. It bears nutlets covered with barbed or hooked prickles.

hour /aː(r)/ /ɐwə(r)/ /ɐʋə(r)/ /ˈaʊə(ɹ)/ /ˈaʊɚ/ hours n
uair
A unit of time of one twenty-fourth of a day (sixty minutes).
(Christianity, in the plural) The set times of prayer, the canonical hours, the offices or services prescribed for these, or a book containing them.

hour hand hour hands n
snáthaid bheag
The hand of a clock or watch face that revolves twice each day and indicates the hours.

hourly /ˈaʊ̯əli/ /ˈaʊ̯ɚli/ adv
in éadan na huaire
At intervals of an hour.

house /haʊs/ /huːs/ /hʌʊs/ hice housen houses n
teach
(Hong Kong, only used in names) An apartment building within a public housing estate.
A place of business; a company or organisation, especially a printing press, a publishing company, or a couturier. [from 10th c.]
A building used for something other than a residence (typically with qualifying word). [from 10th c.]
A place of public accommodation or entertainment, especially a public house, an inn, a restaurant, a theatre, or a casino; or the management thereof. [from 10th c.]
(politics) A building where a deliberative assembly meets; whence the assembly itself, particularly a component of a legislature. [from 10th c.]
A dynasty; a family with its ancestors and descendants, especially a royal or noble one. [from 10th c.]
teach tithe
A structure built or serving as an abode of human beings. [from 9th c.]

house arrest house arrests n
braighdeanas baile
(legal) Confinement of a person to his or her residence, sometimes with a limited travel allowance, ordered by a judge or other authority as a more lenient alternative to imprisonment.

house martin house martins n
gabhlán binne
A migratory passerine bird of the swallow family, genus Delichon

house sparrow house sparrows n
gealbhan binne
A bird of the species Passer domesticus, native to much of Eurasia, introduced in many other temperate environments.

household /ˈhaʊshoʊld/ /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ households n
teaghlach teaghlaigh

housekeeper /ˈhaʊskipɚ/ /ˈhaʊskiːpə/ housekeepers n
bean tí
Someone (traditionally a woman) employed to look after the home, typically by managing domestic servants or superintending household management; also someone with equivalent duties in a hotel, institution etc. [from 16th c.]
bean tí tíosach
Someone who manages the running of a home, traditionally the female head of the household. [from 17th c.]

housekey housekeys n
eochair tí
A key to a house

houseleek /ˈhaʊsliːk/ houseleeks n
buachaill tí
Any of several succulent plants, of the genus Sempervivum, having a rosette of fleshy leaves.

housemaid housemaids n
cailín aimsire cailín tí
A female domestic worker attached to the non-servant quarter part of the house, as opposed to a scullery maid.

housemaid's knee housemaid's knees n
glúinteas
(pathology) swelling of the bursa before the kneecap.

housemate housemates n
comrádaí tí páirtí tí
Someone living in the same house.

housepost houseposts n
cleith
(architecture) A vertical pillar supporting the roof of a house, especially among Native American peoples where these posts may be decorated with carvings.

housewife /ˈhaʊs.waɪf/ /ˈhʌz(w)ɪf/ /ˈhʌzwaɪf/ /ˈhʌzɪf/ housewifes housewives n
bean tí
(plural "housewives") The wife of a householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a household.

housing /ˈhaʊsɪŋ/ /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ housings n
tithíocht
(uncountable) The activity of enclosing something or providing a residence for someone.
tithe tithíocht
(uncountable) Residences, collectively.
cásáil
(countable) A mechanical component's container or covering.

housing estate housing estates n
eastát eastát tithíochta
A group of often architecturally similar buildings constructed at the same time. Primarily for residential accommodation, estates may also include commercial facilities.

hover /ˈhavə/ /ˈhɑvɚ/ /ˈhɒvə/ /ˈhɔvə/ /ˈhʌvə/ /ˈhʌvɚ/ v
ainligh
To remain stationary or float in the air.

how /haʊ/ /hæɔ/ adv
conas cé
(interrogative) To what degree or extent.
conas cad é mar cén chaoi
(interrogative) In what manner:
chomh
(exclamative) Used as a modifier to indicate surprise, delight, or other strong feelings in an exclamation.

how are you /haʊ ˈɑɹ ju/ /haʊ ˈɑː juː/ /hæɔ ˈaː jə/ /hæɔ ˈaː jʉː/ phraseologicalUnit
cad é an dóigh atá ort cad é mar tá sibh cad é mar tá tú conas taoi conas tá sibh conas tá tú
(idiomatic) An informal greeting, not requiring a literal response. In form a question, and thus followed by a question mark. Typical responses include:

how do you say … in English phraseologicalUnit
cad é an Béarla ar …? cad é an Béarla atá ar …?
A request for a translation of a word or phrase into English.

how many determiner
cá mhéad cé mhéad
(This entry is a translation hub.)

how much determiner
cá mhéad cé mhéad
(interrogative) What amount or quantity (of something stated or implied).

however /haʊˈɛvɚ/ /hɑʊˈɛvə/ /hɑˈwɛvə(ɹ)/ adv
arae
áfach
(conjunctive) Nevertheless; yet, still; in spite of that.
dá
(degree) To whatever degree or extent.

howitzer /ˈhaʊ.ɪts.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈhaʊ.ɪts.əɹ/ howitzers n
habhatsar
A cannon that combines certain characteristics of field guns and mortars, delivering projectiles with medium velocities, usually with relatively high trajectories; normally a cannon with a tube length of 20 to 30 calibers.

howler monkey howler monkeys n
moncaí uallach
A Central American and South American monkey of the genus Alouatta, noted for its loud call.

hub /hʊb/ /hʌb/ hubs n
mol
The central part, usually cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave.
A point where many routes meet and traffic is distributed, dispensed, or diverted.
(networking) A computer networking device connecting several Ethernet ports. See switch.

hubcap hubcaps n
caipín moil
A decorative and protective disk that covers the hub of a motor car wheel.

huckaback huckabacks n
anairt
A type of coarse, absorbent cotton or linen fabric used for making towels.

hue and cry hue and cries hues and cries n
fógra tóra
(historical) The public pursuit of a criminal, accompanied by shouts to warn others to give chase.

huff /hʌf/ huffs n
Verärgerung stuaic
An condition of anger, annoyance, disgust, etc.

huffy /ˈhʌfi/ huffier huffiest adj
stuacach
(informal) Angry, annoyed, indignant or irritated.
(informal) Easily offended; thin-skinned or touchy.

hug /hʌɡ/ hugs n
cuach
A close embrace, especially when charged with an emotion such as affection, joy, relief, lust, anger, aggression, compassion, and the like, as opposed to being characterized by formality, equivocation or ambivalence (a half-embrace or "little hug").

hug /hʌɡ/ v
cuach barróg a thabhairt dá chéile
(transitive, figurative) To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish.

huge /hjuːd͡ʒ/ /juːdʒ/ [hʊudʒ] [çu̟ːd͡ʒ] huger hugest more huge most huge adj
anmhór ollmhór
Very large.

hugeness hugenesses n
ainmhéid
the quality of being huge; immensity.

hulk /hʌlk/ hulks n
ablach
(bodybuilding) An excessively muscled person.
(figuratively) A big (and possibly clumsy) person.

hull /hʌl/ hulls n
crotal
The outer covering of a fruit or seed.
cabhail
(mathematics, geometry, of a set A) The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset.

hull /hʌl/ v
scil
To remove the outer covering of a fruit or seed.

hullabaloo /ˈhʌləbəˌlu/ /ˌhʌləbəˈlu/ /ˌhʌləbəˈluː/ hullabaloos n
fuilibiliú fuililiú
A clamour, a commotion; a fuss or uproar. [from 17th c.]

hullock /ˈhʌlək/ hullocks n
ullóg
(sailing) A small part of a sail lowered in a gale to keep the ship’s head to the sea.

human /ˈhjuː.mən/ /ˈju.mən/ [ˈçju̟mn̩] [ˈçju̟mən] more human most human adj
daonna
(notcomp) Of or belonging to the species Homo sapiens or its closest relatives.
duineata duiniúil
(comparable) Having the nature or attributes of a human being.

human being /ˌhjuːmən ˈbiːɪŋ/ human beings n
duine neach daonna
A person; a large sapient, bipedal primate, with notably less hair than others of that order, of the species Homo sapiens.

human immunodeficiency virus human immunodeficiency viruses n
víreas easpa imdhíonachta daonna
(virology) Either of the two related viruses, human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus 2 (HIV-2) that progressively destroy the body's immune system and can potentially lead to AIDS.

human resources n
acmhainní daonna
(management) The personnel department of an organization, dealing with the recruitment, administration, management and training of employees; abbreviated as HR.
(management) The personnel employed in an organization.

human rights /ˌhjumən ˈɹaɪtz/ /ˌhjuːmən ˈɹaɪtz/ n
cearta an duine cearta daonna
(international law) The set of basic rights and freedoms that all humans should be guaranteed, including the right to life and liberty, freedom of thought and expression, and equality before the law.

humane /hjuːˈmeɪn/ humaner humanest more humane most humane adj
Críostúil daonna daonnachtúil
Having or showing concern for the pain or suffering of another; compassionate.

humanitarian /hjuˌmæ.nəˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/ /hjʊˌmæ.nɪˈtɛː.ɹɪ.ən/ /ˌhjuː.mæ.nɪˈtɛː.ɹɪ.ən/ [-ɛə.ɹi.ən] more humanitarian most humanitarian adj
daonchairdiúil
Concerned with people's welfare, and the alleviation of suffering; compassionate, humane.

humble /ˈhʌmbl̩/ /ˈʌmbl̩/ humbler humblest more humble most humble adj
umhal
Having a low opinion of oneself; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; modest.

humble /ˈhʌmbl̩/ /ˈʌmbl̩/ v
uirísligh
(transitive, often, reflexive) To make humble or lowly; to make less proud or arrogant; to make meek and submissive.

humid /ˈhjuːmɪd/ humider humidest adj
taisíoch
Containing perceptible moisture (usually describing air or atmosphere); damp; moist; somewhat wet or watery.

humidity /hjuˈmɪd.ə.ti/ /hjuːˈmɪd.ə.ti/ /hjuːˈmɪd.ɪ.ti/ /hjʉːˈmɪd.ə.ti/ [hjuˈmɪɾ.ə.ti] [hjuˈmɪɾ.ə.ɾi] [hjuːˈmɪɾ.ə.ti] [hjuːˈmɪɾ.ə.ɾi] humidities n
bogthaise
Dampness, especially that of the air.

humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/ v
náirigh uirísligh
(transitive) To cause to be ashamed; to injure the dignity and self-respect of.

humiliation /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/ humiliations n
náiriú uirísliú
The act of humiliating or humbling someone; abasement of pride; mortification.
bochtaineacht
The state of being humiliated, humbled or reduced to lowliness or submission.

humility /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/ humilities n
uirísle umhlaíocht
The characteristic of being humble; humbleness in character and behavior.

hummingbird /ˈhʌmɪnˌbɜːd/ /ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɜːd/ /ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɝd/ hummingbirds n
dordéan
Any of various small American birds in the family Trochilidae that have the ability to hover.

hummus /ˈhuːməs/ /ˈhʊməs/ /ˈhʌməs/ hummuses n
humas
A Levantine Arab dip made of chickpea paste with various additions, such as olive oil, fresh garlic, lemon juice, and tahini, often eaten with pitta bread, or as a meze.

humorous /ˈhjuːməɹəs/ /ˈhjuːməɹɪs/ more humorous most humorous adj
greannmhar
Full of humor or arousing laughter; funny.

humour /ˈhjuː.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈhjuːmɚ/ /ˈjuːmɚ/ humours n
giúmar
(uncountable) A mood, especially a bad mood; a temporary state of mind or disposition brought upon by an event; an abrupt illogical inclination or whim.
greann
(medicine) Either of the two regions of liquid within the eyeball, the aqueous humour and vitreous humour.

humour /ˈhjuː.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈhjuːmɚ/ /ˈjuːmɚ/ v
ionramhái mol le
(transitive) To pacify by indulging.

humpback /ˈhʌmpbæk/ humpbacks n
cruitíneach
(derogatory, now, offensive) A person with a humpback; a person who suffers from kyphosis.

humus /ˈhjuːməs/ humuses n
húmas
A large group of natural organic compounds, found in the soil, formed from the chemical and biological decomposition of plant and animal residues and from the synthetic activity of microorganisms.

hunch /hʌnt͡ʃ/ /hʌnʃ/ hunches n
tuaileas
A theory, idea, or guess; an intuitive impression that something will happen.

hunchback /ˈhʌnt͡ʃbæk/ hunchbacks n
cruitíneach
(derogatory) A person with kyphosis, a spinal deformity that causes a hunched over appearance.

hundred /ˈhʌndɚd/ /ˈhʌndɹəd/ /ˈhʌndɹɪd/ /ˈhʌnd͡ʒɚd/ hundreds numeral
céad
A numerical value equal to 100 (102), occurring after ninety-nine.

hundred thousand hundred thousands numeral
céad míle
The cardinal number 100,000.

hundredth /ˈhʌndɹədθ/ adj
céadú
The ordinal form of the number one hundred.

hundredweight hundredweight hundredweights n
céad
(historical) Various units of ancient measurement systems consisting of 100 units usually translated as "pounds".

hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə/ /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/ hungers n
ocras
A need or compelling desire for food.
anrachán ocras
(by extension) Any strong desire.

hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə/ /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/ v
ocras
(intransitive) To be in need of food.

hunger is a good sauce proverb
is maith an t-anlann an t-ocras
(dated) Being hungry makes one less concerned about the taste of one's food.

hunger strike hunger strikes n
stailc ocrais
A fast undertaken as a means of protest, often by a prisoner.

hungry /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ hungrier hungriest adj
ocrach ocras a bheith ort
Affected by hunger; having the physical need for food.
amplach amplúil
(figuratively) Eager, having an avid desire (‘appetite’) for something.

hunk /hʌŋk/ hunks n
fear breá leadhb píosa staic staic bhreá d'fhear staic láidir
(informal) An attractive man, especially one who is muscular.

hunt /hʌnt/ hunts n
fiach seilg
The act of hunting.

hunt /hʌnt/ v
seilg
(transitive) To drive; to chase; with down, from, away, etc.

hunter /ˈhʌntɚ/ [ˈhʌɾ̃ɚ] hunters huntress n
fiagaí sealgaire
One who hunts game for sport or for food; a huntsman or huntswoman.
capall fiaigh capall seilge
A horse used in hunting, especially a thoroughbred, bred and trained for hunting.

hunting /ˈhʌntɪŋ/ huntings n
fiach sealgaireacht seilg
The act of finding and killing a wild animal, either for sport or with the intention of using its parts to make food, clothes, etc.
lorgaireacht
Looking for something, especially for a job or flat.

hunting dog hunting dogs n
gadhar fiaigh madra seilge

hunting horn hunting horns n
corn fiaigh
(music) A bugle, being either simply curved (especially in heraldry), or having from one (in e.g. some Roman horns) to three (in many modern musical horns) spirals, on which signals are blown during a hunt.

hunting knife hunting knives n
scian sealgaire
A knife optimized for use in hunting animals, usually with a substantial belly and sometimes with a back edge that is partially serrated#Adjective for sawing#Noun; fixed-blade and folding versions are both popular, and tasks such as field dressing, skinning#Noun, and bushcraft are anticipated.

hunting whip hunting whips n
fuip fiaigh
A whip with a hooked horn handle (that can be used for opening gates), a short shaft or stock, and a long leather thong with a silk or cord lash.

hunting-crop hunting-crops n
fuip fiaigh
A hunting whip, without a thong, that can be used for opening gates.

huntress /ˈhʌntɹɪs/ hunter huntresses n
bansealgaire
(dated) A female hunter.

hurdle /ˈhɜːdl̩/ /ˈhɝd(ə)l/ hurdles n
cliath
(athletics, horses) An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race.
A movable frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or sometimes of iron, used for enclosing land, for folding sheep and cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as revetments, and for other purposes.
constaic
(figuratively) An obstacle, real or perceived, physical or abstract.

hurler hurlers n
báireoir iománaí
(hurling) Someone who participates in the sport of hurling.

hurley hurleys n
camán
(countable) A stick used in the game of hurling.

hurling hurlings n
iomáin iomáint iománaíocht
An Irish game of ancient Celtic origin. It is played with an ash stick called a hurley (camán in Irish) and a hard leather ball called a sliotar.

hurlyburly hurlyburlies n
gírle guairle hurla burla
(archaic) A noisy and disorderly tumult and confusion, especially as of battle.

hurricane /ˈhɝɪkeɪn/ /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/ /ˈhʌɹɪkən/ hurricanes n
hairicín spéirling
A severe tropical cyclone in the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, or in the eastern North Pacific off the west coast of Mexico, with winds of 119 km/h (74 miles per hour) or greater accompanied by rain, lightning, and thunder that sometimes moves into temperate latitudes.
spéirling hairicín
(meteorology) A wind scale for quite strong wind, stronger than a storm.

hurricane lamp hurricane lamps n
laindéar doininne
A kerosene lantern.

hurry /ˈhɝ.i/ /ˈhʌɹ.i/ hurries n
deifir deabhadh dithneas
Rushed action.

hurry /ˈhɝ.i/ /ˈhʌɹ.i/ v
éascaigh
(intransitive) To do things quickly.
(intransitive) Often with up, to speed up the rate of doing something.
(transitive) To hasten; to impel to greater speed; to urge on.

hurry up v
brostaigh (ar) cuir bealadh faoi d'ioscaidí
(emphatic, ambitransitive) To hurry; to increase the speed of doing something.

hurt /hɜːt/ /hɝt/ more hurt most hurt adj
gortaithe
Wounded, physically injured.

hurt /hɜːt/ /hɝt/ v
gortaigh
(transitive, intransitive) To cause (a person or animal) physical pain and/or injury.
(transitive, intransitive) To cause (somebody) emotional pain.

hurtfulness hurtfulnesses n
nimhneachas
The property of being hurtful.

husband /ˈhʌz.bənd/ husbands n
fear céile fear
A man in a marriage or marital relationship, especially in relation to his spouse.

husk /hʌsk/ husks n
crotal
The dry, leafy or stringy exterior of certain vegetables or fruits, which must be removed before eating the meat inside.

husky /ˈhʌs.ki/ huskies n
huscaí
Any of several breeds of dogs used as sled dogs.

hut /hʊt/ /hʌt/ huts n
both bothán
A small, simple one-storey dwelling or shelter, often with just one room, and generally built of readily available local materials.
both
A small wooden shed.

hutch /hʌt͡ʃ/ hutches n
púirín coinín
A coop or cage for keeping small animals (rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, etc).

hutment hutments n
bothchampa
(military) An encampment of huts

hyacinth /ˈhaɪəsɪnθ/ hyacinths n
bú iasaint
Any bulbous plant of the genus Hyacinthus, native to the Mediterranean and South Africa.

hybrid /ˈhaɪ.bɹɪd/ more hybrid most hybrid adj
cros-síolrach croschineálach hibrideach
Consisting of diverse components.

hybrid /ˈhaɪ.bɹɪd/ hybrids n
cros-síolrach hibrid
(biology) Offspring resulting from cross-breeding different entities, e.g. two different species or two purebred parent strains.

hybridism hybridisms n
hibrideacht
The state of being hybrid.

hybridization /haɪ.bɹɪd.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ hybridizations n
hibridiú
The act of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized.

hydrate /haɪˈdɹeɪt/ hydrates n
hiodráit
(chemistry) A solid compound containing or linked to water molecules.

hydrate /haɪˈdɹeɪt/ v
hiodráitigh
(transitive) To take up, consume or become linked to water.

hydrated more hydrated most hydrated adj
hiodráitithe

hydraulic engineering n
innealtóireacht hiodrálach
A sub-discipline of civil engineering concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage.

hydrazide hydrazides n
hiodraisíd
(chemistry) any compound derived from an oxoacid by replacing the hydroxide group with -NHNH2 or derived forms -NRNR2

hydrazine hydrazines n
hiodraisín
(organic compound, countable) Any member of the class of organic compounds formally derived from NH2-NH2.

hydride hydrides n
hidríd
(inorganic chemistry) A compound of hydrogen with a more electropositive element.

hydrobiology n
hidri-bhitheolaíocht
(biology) The study of the biology of the organisms that inhabit bodies of water.

hydrobromic adj
hidreabrómach

hydrocarbon hydrocarbons n
hidreacarbón
(organic compound) A compound consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

hydrocephalus hydrocephali hydrocephaluses n
hiodracafalas
(medicine) A usually congenital condition in which an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the cerebral ventricles causes enlargement of the skull and compression of the brain, destroying much of the neural tissue

hydrochloric adj
hidreaclórach
(chemistry) Of or relating to hydrochloric acid.

hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acids n
aigéad hidreaclórach
(inorganic compound) A strong acid made by dissolving the gas hydrogen chloride in water. It reacts with alkalis, bases and many metals to form chlorides; it has many industrial applications.

hydroculture n
hidreashaothrú
A type of hydroponics in which plants are grown in a medium that allows the distribution of water and nutrients through capillary action.

hydrocyanic acid hydrocyanic acids n
aigéad prúiseach

hydrogen /ˈhaɪdɹədʒ(ə)n/ /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒən/ [ˈhaɪd͡ʒɹəd͡ʒən] hydrogens n
hidrigin
The lightest chemical element (symbol H), with an atomic number of 1 and atomic weight of 1.00794.
A molecule of this molecular species

hydrogen bomb hydrogen bombs n
buama hidrigine
A thermonuclear bomb that derives its destructive power from the fusion of isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium).

hydrogenate /haɪˈdɹɑd͡ʒəneɪt/ /haɪˈdɹɒdʒəneɪt/ /ˈhaɪdɹədʒəneɪt/ /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒəneɪt/ v
hidriginigh
(chemistry, transitive) to treat something, or react something, with hydrogen; especially to react an unsaturated fat with hydrogen, in the presence of a nickel catalyst, to produce a harder saturated fat

hydrogenous /haɪˈdɹɑd͡ʒənəs/ /haɪˈdɹɒdʒənəs/ adj
hidrigineach
of, related to, or containing hydrogen

hydrogeology hydrogeologies n
hidrigeolaíocht
The geology of groundwater, especially concerning the physical, biological and chemical properties of its occurrence and movement.

hydrography /haɪˈdɹɑɡ.ɹə.fi/ /haɪˈdɹɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ hydrographies n
hidreagrafaíocht
(nautical) The scientific measurement and description of the physical features and conditions of navigable waters and the shoreline.

hydrological adj
hidreolaíoch
Of or pertaining to hydrology.

hydrology hydrologies n
hidreolaíocht
The science of the properties, distribution, and effects of water on a planet's surface, in the soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere

hydrometallurgy n
hidri-mhiotaleolaíocht
The field of extractive metallurgy involving the use of aqueous chemistry for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials.

hydrometry n
hidriméadracht
(physics) The branch of hydrostatics dealing with the measurement of specific gravity using hydrometers

hydropathic more hydropathic most hydropathic adj
hidreapaiteach
Relating to hydropathy

hydropathic hydropathics n
ospidéal hidreapaiteach
A temperance hotel offering hydropathy to guests.

hydrophobia /ˌhaɪ.dɹəˈfoʊ.bɪ.ə/ /ˌhʌɪ.dɹə(ʊ)ˈfəʊ.bɪ.ə/ hydrophobias n
hidreafóibe
(pathology) An aversion to water, as a symptom of rabies; the disease of rabies itself.

hydrophobic /haɪdɹəˈfəʊbɪk/ adj
hidreafóbach
Of, or having, hydrophobia (rabies).

hydropower n
hidreachumhacht
hydroelectric power

hydrotropism hydrotropisms n
hidreatrópacht
(biology) The movement of a plant (or other organism) in response to water, either towards or away from water.

hyena /haɪˈiːnə/ hyena hyenae hyenas n
hiéana
Any of the medium-sized to large feliform carnivores of the subfamily Hyaenidae, native to Africa and Asia and noted for the sound similar to laughter which they can make if excited.
(Subsaharan Africa) A man that performs ritualized sex acts with recently widowed women and menarchal girls.

hygiene /haɪˈd͡ʒiːn/ /ˈhaɪˌd͡ʒiːn/ hygienes n
sláinteachas
Those conditions and practices that promote and preserve health.

hygienic /haɪˈd͡ʒiːnɪk/ /haɪˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ /hʌɪd͡ʒɪˈɛnɪk/ more hygienic most hygienic adj
sláinteach sláintiúil
Pertaining to hygiene; clean, sanitary.

hygrograph hygrographs n
taisghraf
Any of several forms of automated hygrometer that record humidity.

hygrometer /haɪˈɡɹɒmɪtə(ɹ)/ hygrometers n
taismhéadar
(meteorology) An instrument that measures the humidity of the air or other gases, especially the relative humidity.

hygrometric adj
taismhéadrach

hygrometry n
taismhéadracht
The measurement of the moisture content of gases, but especially of the humidity of the atmosphere

hygrophilous adj
taisiarrthach
(botany, of a plant) adapted for growth in a damp or wet environment.

hygroscope hygroscopes n
tais-scóp
An instrument that indicates changes in atmospheric humidity

hygroscopic more hygroscopic most hygroscopic adj
tais-scópach
(physical chemistry, botany) Readily taking up and retaining water, especially from the atmosphere.

hygroscopicity hygroscopicities n
tais-scópacht
(countable) The degree to which a substance is hygroscopic.

hygroscopy n
tais-scópacht
The ability of a substance to attract and hold water molecules from the surrounding environment.

hymen /ˈhaɪmən/ hymens n
dlaoi himéin scannán óchta
(anatomy) A membrane which completely or partially occludes the vaginal opening in human females.

hymn /hɪm/ hymns n
iomann
A song of praise or worship, especially a religious one.

hyper- /ˈhaɪpə(ɹ)/ /ˈhaɪpɚ/ /ˈhɑɪpə(ɹ)/ [ˈhʌɪpɚ] prefix
hipear-
over, above

hyperacidity hyperacidities n
hipearaigéadacht

hyperactivity hyperactivities n
hipirghníomhaíocht
The quality of being hyperactive; excessive and pathological movement and restlessness

hyperarc hyperarcs n
hipearstua
(graph theory) A directed edge in a hypergraph.

hyperbaric adj
hipearbarach
Of, relating to, or using greater than normal pressure (as of oxygen).

hyperbaric chamber hyperbaric chambers n
seomra hipearbarach
A vessel containing air at an elevated pressure, especially one used to administer oxygen to a patient

hyperbola /haɪˈpɚ.bə.lə/ hyperbolae hyperbolas hyperbolæ n
hipearbóil
(geometry) A conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane that intersects the base of the cone and is not tangent to the cone. The function y(x) = 1/x draws a hyperbola.

hyperbole /haɪˈpɜːbəli/ /haɪˈpɝbəli/ hyperboles n
hipearbóil urtheilgean
(uncountable, rhetoric, literature) Deliberate or unintentional overstatement, particularly extreme overstatement.

hyperbolic /ˌhaɪ.pɚˈbɔl.ɪk/ adj
urtheilgeach áibhéalach
Using hyperbole: exaggerated.
hipearbóileach
(topology) Of, pertaining to, or in a hyperbolic space (a space having negative curvature or sectional curvature).

hypercapnia hypercapnias n
hipearcaipnia
(medicine, pathology) The condition of abnormally elevated carbon dioxide in the blood.

hypercharge hypercharges n
hipearlucht
(physics) Short for hyperonic charge: a quantum characteristic of a group of subatomic particles governed by the strong force that is related to strangeness and is represented by a number equal to twice the average value of the electric charge of the group.

hypercholesterolemia hypercholesterolemias n
hipearcolaistéaróiléime
(medicine) An excess of cholesterol in the blood.

hyperconjugation hyperconjugations n
hipear-chomhchuingiú
(organic chemistry) A weak form of conjugation in which single bonds interact with a conjugated system

hypercorrect more hypercorrect most hypercorrect adj
forcheart
(linguistics) Nonstandard because of a mistaken idea of standard usage.

hypercorrection /ˌhaɪ.pə.kəˈɹɛk.ʃən/ /ˌhaɪ.pɚ.kəˈɹɛk.ʃən/ hypercorrections n
forcheartú
(linguistics) Nonstandard language use that results from the over-application of a perceived prescriptive rule.

hyperfiltration n
hipearscagachán
(medicine) An elevation of the rate of glomerular filtration of the kidneys.

hyperglobalist hyperglobalists n
hipeardhomhandaí
A proponent of hyperglobalism.

hyperglycemia hyperglycemias n
hipirglicéime
(pathology) An unusually high concentration of sugar in the blood

hypergraph hypergraphs n
hipeargraf
(graph theory) A generalization of a graph, in which edges can connect any number of vertices.

hypergroup hypergroups n
hipearghrúpa
(mathematics) Any algebraic group equipped with a hyperoperation.

hyperinflation hyperinflations n
hipearbhoilsciú
(economics) A very high rate of inflation.

hyperkalemia hyperkalemias n
hipearcailéim
(biology, medicine) The condition of having an abnormally high concentration of potassium ions in the blood (above the reference range).

hyperlink /ˈhaɪpə(ɹ)ˌlɪŋk/ hyperlinks n
hipearnasc
Some text or a graphic in an electronic document that can be activated to display another document or trigger an action.
(by extension) The URL or other address that defines a hyperlink's target or function.

hyperlink /ˈhaɪpə(ɹ)ˌlɪŋk/ v
hipearnasc
(of a hypertext document) To point to another document by a hyperlink.
To use a hyperlink to jump to a document.

hypermarket hypermarkets n
hipearmhargadh ollsiopa
A combination of department store and supermarket.

hypernucleus hypernuclei n
hipearnúicléas
(physics) a nucleus that consists of protons, neutrons and at least one hyperon, such as a lambda baryon

hypernym /ˈhaɪpənɪm/ /ˈhaɪpɚnɪm/ hypernyms n
scáth-théarma
(semantics) A superordinate word or phrase; a term whose referents form a set which includes as a subset the referents of a subordinate term—as, for example, insect being (a hypernym) for ant.

hyperostosis hyperostoses n
hipearostóis
(medicine) An excessive growth or thickening of bone.

hyperplasia /ˌhaɪ.pɚ.ˈpleɪ.ʒə/ hyperplasias n
hipearpláise
(medicine) An increase in the size of a tissue or organ due to increased number of cells.

hypersecretion hypersecretions n
hipearthál
(endocrinology) Excessive secretion.

hypersensitivity hypersensitivities n
hipiríogaireacht
Any heightened immune response to an antigen; an allergy; hypersensation.

hyperspace hyperspaces n
hipearspás
(mathematics) A Euclidian space of unspecified dimension.
(science fiction) A notional space orthogonal to the usual dimensions of space-time often used for faster-than-light travel.

hyperthyroidism /ˌhaɪ̯pəˈθaɪ̯ɹɔɪ̯ˌdɪzəm/ hyperthyroidisms n
hipirtíoróideacht
(medicine) The excessive production of hormones by the thyroid.
(pathology) The pathological condition resulting from these excess hormones.

hypertonic more hypertonic most hypertonic adj
hipeartonach
(of a solution) Having a greater osmotic pressure than another.

hypertrophic /hʌɪpəˈtɹɒfɪk/ more hypertrophic most hypertrophic adj
hipeartrófach
Of, pertaining to, or exhibiting hypertrophy.

hypertrophy /haɪˈpɜːtɹəfi/ /haɪˈpɝːtɹəfi/ hypertrophies n
hipeartrófacht
(countable, medicine) An increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its individual cells.

hyphen /ˈhaɪ.fən/ hyphens n
fleiscín
The symbol "‐", typically used to join two or more words to form a compound term, or to indicate that a word has been split at the end of a line.

hypnosis /hɪpˈnoʊsɪs/ hypnoses n
hiopnóis
A trancelike state, artificially induced, in which a person has a heightened suggestibility, and in which suppressed memories may be experienced.

hypnotic /hɪpˈnɑ.tɪk/ /hɪpˈnɒ.tɪk/ [hɪp̚ˈnɑ.ɾɪk̚] more hypnotic most hypnotic adj
hiopnóiseach
Of, or relating to hypnosis or hypnotism.
(pharmaceutical effect) Inducing sleep; soporific.

hypnotic /hɪpˈnɑ.tɪk/ /hɪpˈnɒ.tɪk/ [hɪp̚ˈnɑ.ɾɪk̚] hypnotics n
hiopnóiseach
(pharmaceutical drug) A soporific substance.

hypnotist /ˈhɪpnətɪst/ hypnotists n
hiopnóisí
A person who uses hypnotism to induce hypnosis in someone, either for entertainment or therapy.

hypoacidity hypoacidities n
hiopaigéadacht
(pathology) The condition of having less than the normal amount of acidity in the stomach

hypoallergenic /haɪ.poʊ.æl.ɚˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪk/ /haɪ.pəʊ.æl.ə(ɹ)ˈdʒɛn.ɪk/ adj
hiopailléirgineach
Containing fewer allergens; minimally allergenic.

hypobromite hypobromites n
fobhróimít hipeabróimít
(inorganic chemistry) any salt or ester of hypobromous acid

hypochlorite hypochlorites n
fochlóirít hipeaclóirít
(chemistry) any salt of hypochlorous acid; used as a household bleach

hypochondria n
galareagla hipeacoindre
(medicine) A psychological disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation or worry about having a serious illness.

hypochondriac /ˌhaɪpoʊˈkɑndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəʊˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈkɑndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhɪpoʊˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhɪpəˈkɒndɹiæk/ more hypochondriac most hypochondriac adj
galareaglach hipeacoindreach
Related to, or affected by hypochondria

hypochondriac /ˌhaɪpoʊˈkɑndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəʊˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈkɑndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhɪpoʊˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhɪpəˈkɒndɹiæk/ hypochondriacs n
galareaglach hipeacoindreach
A person affected with hypochondria.

hypochondriasis hypochondriases n
hipeacoindriáis
(medicine) A mental disorder characterized by excessive fear of or preoccupation with a serious illness, despite medical testing and reassurance to the contrary.

hypocotyl hypocotyls n
hipeacotail
(botany) In plants with seeds, that portion of the embryo or seedling between the root and cotyledons.

hypocrisy /hɪˈpɑkɹəsi/ /hɪˈpɒkɹəsi/ hypocrisies n
bréagchrábhadh fimínteacht
The practice of engaging in the same behaviour or activity for which one criticises another; moral self-contradiction whereby the behavior of one or more people belies their own claimed or implied possession of certain beliefs, standards or virtues.

hypocrite /ˈhɪ.pə.kɹɪt/ hypocrites n
fimíneach
Someone who practices hypocrisy, who pretends to hold beliefs, or whose actions are not consistent with their claimed beliefs. [from early 13th c.]

hypocrystalline adj
hipicriostalta
(geology, of igneous rocks) having both glass and crystalline components

hypocycloid hypocycloids n
hipicioglóideach
(geometry) The locus of a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls without slipping inside the circumference of another circle.

hypodermic /ˌhaɪpəˈdɜːmɪk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈdɝmɪk/ adj
fodheirmeach hipideirmeach
Of, or relating to the hypodermis, the layer beneath the dermis

hypodermic /ˌhaɪpəˈdɜːmɪk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈdɝmɪk/ hypodermics n
instealladh hipideirmeach snáthaid hipideirmeach
A hypodermic syringe, needle or injection

hypodermis hypodermes hypodermises n
hipideirm
(anatomy) A subcutaneous layer of loose connective tissue containing fat cells, lying beneath the dermis.

hypoglycemia hypoglycemias n
hipiglicéime
(pathology) A too low level of blood glucose.

hypoglycemic /ˌhaɪpəʊɡlaɪˈsiːmɪk/ more hypoglycemic most hypoglycemic adj
hipiglicéimeach
(pathology) Suffering from hypoglycemia.

hyponasty n
hipeanastacht
(botany) an upward bending of leaves or other plant parts, caused by increased growth on their lower surface

hypopharynx hypopharynges hypopharynxes n
hipeafaraing
(anatomy) bottom part of the pharynx, the part of the throat that connects to the esophagus

hypophosphate hypophosphates n
fofhosfáit hipeafosfáit
(inorganic chemistry) The oxyanion of phosphorus P2O64- derived from hypophosphoric acid; any salt containing this anion

hypophosphite hypophosphites n
hipeafoisfít
(chemistry) any salt of hypophosphorous acid

hypophosphorous adj
fofhosfarúil
(chemistry) Of or pertaining to hypophosphorous acid or its derivatives

hypophysial more hypophysial most hypophysial adj
hipifiseach
Of or pertaining to the hypophysis (the pituitary gland).

hypophysis /haɪˈpɒfɪsɪs/ hypophyses n
faireog phiotútach hipifis hipifiseas
(anatomy) The pituitary gland.

hypoplasia hypoplasias n
hipeapláise
(medicine, pathology) Underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ, especially when caused by an inadequate or below-normal number of cells.

hyposecretion hyposecretions n
hipeathál
A secretion below the normal value.

hypospadias /ˌhaɪ.pəˈspeɪ.di.əs/ /ˌhʌɪ.pəʊˈspeɪ.di.əs/ hypospadiases n
hipeaspáidias
(anatomy) A congenital condition in males in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis.

hypostome hypostomes n
hipeastóm
(anatomy) Any of certain mouth appendages of some insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and hydrozoa; in particular:

hypostyle hypostyles n
hipistíl
(architecture) A building or chamber whose roof is supported on a row of columns.

hypothalamus hypothalami hypothalamuses n
hipeatalamas
(neuroanatomy) A region of the forebrain located below the thalamus, forming the basal portion of the diencephalon, and functioning to regulate body temperature, some metabolic processes and governing the autonomic nervous system.

hypotheca hypothecae n
hipithiach
(microbiology, planktology) The lower or posterior half of the theca of a thecate protist such as a diatom or dinoflagellate

hypothermia /ˌhaɪpəʊˈθɜː(ɹ)mi.ə/ /ˌhaɪpəˈθɜː(ɹ)mi.ə/ hypothermias n
hipiteirme
(pathology) Abnormally low body temperature; specifically, below 35 degrees Celsius for humans.

hypothermic more hypothermic most hypothermic adj
hipiteirmeach
Affected by hypothermia; having an abnormally low body temperature.

hypothesis /-əsəs/ /-əsɪs/ /haɪˈpɑː.θə.sɪs/ /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/ /həˈpɒθɪsɪs/ /hɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/ hypotheses n
hipitéis
(sciences) Used loosely, a tentative conjecture explaining an observation, phenomenon or scientific problem that can be tested by further observation, investigation and/or experimentation. As a scientific term of art, see the attached quotation. Compare to theory, and quotation given there.

hypothyroidism /ˌhaɪpəʊˈθaɪɹɔɪˌdɪzəm/ /ˌhaɪpəˈθaɪɹɔɪˌdɪzəm/ hypothyroidisms n
hipitíoróideacht
(pathology) The disease state caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. [from 1900s]

hypotrochoid /ˌhaɪ.poʊˈtɹoʊ.kɔɪd/ /ˌhaɪ.pə(ʊ)ˈtɹəʊ.kɔɪd/ /ˌhaɪ.pəˈtɹoʊ.kɔɪd/ hypotrochoids n
hipeatrocóideach
(geometry) A geometric curve traced by a fixed point on the radius line outside one circle which rotates inside the perimeter of another circle.

hypovolemic adj
hipeavoiléimeach
Of, pertaining to hypovolemia, or characterized by low volume of blood in the circulatory system; as hypovolemic shock.

hypoxemia hypoxemias n
hiopocsaeime
(medicine) An abnormal deficiency in the concentration of oxygen in the blood, be it the partial pressure of oxygen (mm Hg), the content of oxygen (ml oxygen per dl of blood) or the per cent saturation of the blood's hemoglobin, singly or in combination.

hypoxia hypoxias n
hiopocsa hiopocsacht
(pathology) A condition in which tissues are deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen [from 1940s].

hypozoic adj
hipeasóch
(geology) older than the lowest rocks which contain organic remains

hysteria /hɪˈstɛɹiə/ /hɪˈstɪɹiə/ hysteriae hysterias hysteriæ n
histéire
Behavior exhibiting excessive or uncontrollable emotions, in a wide range from joy to panic but usually including anxiety or fear.

hysterical /hɪˈstɛɹɪkəl/ more hysterical most hysterical adj
histéireach
Of, or arising from hysteria.

i /aɪ/ /i/ /ɪ/ ies n
idad iodhadh í
The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.

i.e. /ɪd ɛst/ /ˌaɪˈiː/ adv
.i.
(initialism) That is, namely, in other words, that is to say.

iamb /ˈaɪəm/ /ˈaɪˌæm/ iambs n
iambus
(prosody) A metrical foot in verse consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.

iatrochemistry /aɪˌæt.ɹoʊˈkɛm.ɪ.stɹi/ n
iatraiceimic
(chemistry, medicine) An early branch of chemistry, having roots in alchemy, that tried to provide chemical remedies to diseases; alternatively, the application of chemistry to medical theory.

iatrogenic /aɪˌætɹəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ more iatrogenic most iatrogenic adj
iatraigineach
(medicine, of a disease, injury, or other adverse outcome) Induced by the words or actions of the physician or by medical treatment or diagnostic procedure.

ibuprofen /aɪˈbju.pɹəf.ən/ /ˌaɪ.biˈpɹoʊfən/ /ˌaɪ.bjuˈpɹoʊ.fən/ /ˌʌɪ.bjuːˈpɹəʊ.fən/ ibuprofens n
iobúpróifein
(carboxylic acid, pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic compound used widely as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug.

ice /aɪs/ [ʌɪs] ices n
oighear
Water in frozen (solid) form.
(physics, astronomy) Any frozen volatile chemical, such as ammonia or carbon dioxide.
(ice hockey) The area where a game of ice hockey is played.
A frozen dessert made of fruit juice, water and sugar.

ice age ice ages n
oighearaois
(colloquial) Any of several glacial periods (within a scientific ice age) marked by episodes of extensive glaciation alternating with episodes of relative warmth (interglacial).

ice axe ice axes n
piocóid oighir
An axe used by mountaineers to cut footholds in the ice.

ice cap ice caps n
oighearchaidhp
A permanent expanse of ice encompassing a large geographical area, as for example in Earth's polar zones (polar ice) or at high elevation. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

ice cream /aɪsˈkɹiːm/ /ˈaɪs.kɹiːm/ /ˌaɪsˈkɹiːm/ ice creams n
uachtar reoite reoiteog
(uncountable) A dessert made from frozen sweetened cream or a similar substance, usually flavoured.
(countable) A portion of ice cream on a stick, in a cup or in a wafer cone.

ice cream cone ice cream cones n
coirceog reoiteoige cón uachtar reoite
A thin, conical confection baked from crepe batter, sealed at its apex, used to hold ice cream while it is being eaten.
coirceog reoiteoige
An ice cream cone filled with ice cream.

ice sculpture ice sculptures n
dealbh oighir
(sculpture) temporary, decorative sculpture carved from a block of ice

ice sheet ice sheets n
clúid oighir
A broad glacial mass with a relatively flat surface.

iceberg /ˈaɪsbɜːɡ/ /ˈaɪsbɝɡ/ icebergs n
cnoc oighir
A huge mass of ocean-floating ice which has broken off a glacier or ice shelf [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

iced coffee iced coffees n
caife oighrithe
Various types of cold beverages made from coffee.

iced tea iced teas n
tae oighrithe
(uncountable) Cold tea, a beverage.

icepick icepicks n
bior oighir piocóid oighir
A pointed tool, shaped like an awl, used for breaking ice.

icicle /ˈaɪ.sɪ.kl̩/ /ˈaɪs.ɪkl̩/ /ˈʌɪsəkəl/ icicles n
bior seaca bior siocáin birín seaca briogadán reodóg
A drooping, tapering shape of ice.

icing on the cake n
an dlaíóg mhullaigh
(idiomatic) Something that intensifies the appreciation of something already good (or bad in an ironic sense depending on the context).

icon /ˈaɪ.kɑn/ /ˈaɪ.kɒn/ /ˈaɪ.kən/ icons n
íocón
An image, symbol, picture, portrait, or other representation usually as an object of religious devotion.
(religion, especially, Eastern Christianity) A type of religious painting portraying a saint or scene from Scripture, often done on wooden panels.
(graphical user interface) A small picture that represents something.
(internet, informal) An image used to represent a user; an avatar or profile picture.

iconic /aɪˈkɒnɪk/ more iconic most iconic adj
íocónach
Relating to, or having the characteristics of, an icon. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

iconography /ˌaɪkəˈnɒɡɹəfi/ iconographies n
íocónagrafaíocht
A set of specified or traditional symbolic forms associated with the subject or theme of a stylized genre of art.

iconoscope iconoscopes n
íocónascóp

iconostasis /ˌaɪkəˈnɒstəsɪs/ iconostaseis iconostases n
íocónastáis
(Eastern Orthodoxy) A wall of icons between the sanctuary and the nave in an Eastern Orthodox church.

icy /ˈaɪsi/ icier iciest adj
oighreata reoite
Covered with ice, wholly or partially.
préachta sioctha
Characterized by coldness of manner; frigid; cold.

idea /aɪˈdiː/ /aɪ̯ˈdi.ə/ /aɪ̯ˈdiə̯/ /aɪ̯ˈdɪə̯/ /aːˈdɪɹ/ /ˈaɪdi/ [-ˈdeə̯] [ɑe̯ˈdiə̯] ideas ideæ n
smaoineamh
An image of an object that is formed in the mind or recalled by the memory. [from 16th c.]
smaoineamh idé nóisean
More generally, any result of mental activity; a thought, a notion; a way of thinking. [from 17th c.]
barúil tuairim
A vague or fanciful notion; a feeling or hunch; an impression. [from 17th c.]

ideal /aɪˈdiː.əl/ /aɪˈdiːl/ /aɪˈdɪəl/ more ideal most ideal adj
idéalach
Optimal; being the best possibility.
Perfect, flawless, having no defects.

ideal /aɪˈdiː.əl/ /aɪˈdiːl/ /aɪˈdɪəl/ ideals n
idéal
A perfect standard of beauty, intellect etc., or a standard of excellence to aim at.
(algebra, order theory, lattice theory) A non-empty lower set (of a partially ordered set) which is closed under binary suprema (a.k.a. joins).

idealism /ʌɪˈdiːəlɪz(ə)m/ /ʌɪˈdɪəlɪz(ə)m/ idealisms n
idéalachas
The property of a person of having high ideals that are usually unrealizable or at odds with practical life.
(philosophy) An approach to philosophical enquiry, which asserts that direct and immediate knowledge can only be had of ideas or mental pictures.

idealist idealists n
idéalaí
(philosophy) One who adheres to idealism.

identical /aɪˈdɛntɪkl̩/ /ɪˈdɛntɪkl̩/ more identical most identical adj
comhionann
(not comparable) Bearing full likeness by having precisely the same set of characteristics; indistinguishable.

identification /aɪˌdɛntɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ɪˌdɛntɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ identifications n
aitheantas
(broadly, often) The combination of identifying (which one, which thing) and validating the identity (proving or confirming it); identifying and authenticating viewed as a unitary concept in cognition.

identity /aɪˈdɛn(t)əti/ /aɪˈdɛn(t)ɪti/ /aɪˈdɛntɪti/ /ɑɪˈdentəti/ [aɪˈdɛnəɾi] [aɪˈdɛnɪɾi] identities n
ionannas
The difference or character that marks off an individual or collective from the rest of the same kind; selfhood; the sense of who something or someone or oneself is, or the recurring characteristics that enable the recognition of such an individual or group by others or themselves.

identity element identity elements n
ball ionannais
(algebra) An element of an algebraic structure which when applied, in either order, to any other element via a binary operation yields the other element.

ideological /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ /ˌaɪ.diː.əˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌɑɪ.diː.əˈlɔd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌɪd.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ more ideological most ideological adj
idé-eolaíoch idé-eolaíochta
Of or pertaining to an ideology.
Based on an ideology or misleading studies or statistics, especially based on the media or propaganda. Not based on scientific evidence or reality.

ideologue /ˈaɪ.di.ə.lɑɡ/ /ˈaɪ.di.ə.lɒɡ/ /ˈɑɪ.di.ə.lɔɡ/ /ˈɪ.di.ə.lɑɡ/ ideologues n
idé-eolaí
A person who advocates an ideology, especially as an official or preeminent advocate.

ideology /aɪ.diˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪ.diˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌaɪ.diːˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒiː/ /ˌɑɪ.diːˈɔl.ə.d͡ʒiː/ ideologies n
idé-eolaíocht
Doctrine, philosophy, body of beliefs or principles belonging to an individual or group.
(uncountable) The study of the origin and nature of ideas.

idio- /ˈɪdɪəʊ/ prefix
féin- idea-
individuality, peculiarity, separateness.

idiolect /ˈɘ.di.ɐʉ.lekt/ /ˈɪd.i.ə.lɛkt/ /ˈɪd.i.əʊ̯.lɛkt/ idiolects n
canúint aonair féinchanúint idióileict urlabhra aonair
(linguistics) The language variant used by a specific individual.

idiom /ˈɪdi.əm/ idiomata idioms n
cor cainte
A manner of speaking, a mode of expression peculiar to a language, language family, or group of people.

idiomaticity /ˈɪd.i.əʊ.məˈtɪ.si.ti/ idiomaticities n
nádúrthacht rithim nádúrtha
(linguistics, countable, rare) The state of a linguistic expression which exists when the expression exhibits semantic-pragmatic divergence, when the semantic value of the expression differs from its pragmatic value; that is to say, idiomaticity exists when the inherent meaning of the words expressed does not match the meaning of the expression as understood by the users: the sayer(s) and hearer(s).

idiopathic /ˌɪdioʊˈpæθɪk/ adj
ideapatach
(pathology) Of, relating to, or designating a disease or condition having no known cause.

idiophone /ˈɪdi.əfoʊn/ /ˈɪdi.əfəʊn/ idiophones n
ideafón
Any musical instrument that produces its sound by its own vibration (without any strings or membranes).

idiot /ˈɪdiət/ /ˈɪd͡ʒət/ idiots n
amadán dúramán
(pejorative) A person of low general intelligence.

idle /ˈaɪd(ə)l/ /ˈʌɪdəl/ more idle most idle adj
díomhaoin
Not engaged in any occupation or employment; unemployed; inactive; doing nothing in particular.

idleness /ˈaɪdəlnəs/ idlenesses n
díomhaointeas
The state of being idle; inactivity.
leisce
The state of being indolent; indolence.

idolater /ˌaɪˈdɑlətəɹ/ idolaters n
íoladhraitheoir íoltóir
One who worships idols; (historical) a pagan.

idolatress idolatresses n
baníoltóir
A female idolater.

idolatry /aɪˈdɑ.lə.tɹi/ /aɪˈdɒl.ə.tɹiː/ idolatries n
íolacht íoladhradh
The worship of idols.

if /ɪf/ conjunction
dá má
Supposing that; given that; supposing it is the case that.

if I were you phraseologicalUnit
dá mba mé tú
A phrase said to introduce advice, i.e. to express what one would do in the interlocutor's situation.

if and only if conjunction
is gá agus is leor
(logic, mathematics) Is equivalent to; implies and is implied by; is true and false in the same cases as.

igloo /ˈɪɡluː/ igloos n
íoglú
A dome-shaped Inuit shelter, constructed of blocks cut from snow.

igneous /ˈɪɡ.ni.əs/ adj
adhantach
Pertaining to or having the nature of fire; containing fire; resembling fire.
bruthach
(geology) Resulting from, or produced by, great heat. With rocks, it could also mean formed from lava or magma.

igneous rock igneous rocks n
bruthcharraig carraig dhoigheartha
(geology) One of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; formed by the cooling of molten rock, either below the surface (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive).

ignitable more ignitable most ignitable adj
inadhainte so-adhainte
Capable of being ignited; able to burn.

ignite /ɪɡˈnaɪt/ v
adhain
(transitive) to set fire to (something), to light (something)
(intransitive) to commence burning.

igniter igniters n
adhainteoir
Any device that is used to ignite something, especially a fuel mixture, or a charge of explosive

ignition /ɪɡˈnɪʃən/ ignitions n
adhaint
The act of igniting.

ignoble /ɪɡˈnəʊbəl/ ignobler ignoblest adj
anuasal
Not noble; plebeian; common.
tútach
Not honorable; base.

ignoramus /ɪɡnəˈɹeɪməs/ ignorami ignoramuses n
abhlóir ainbhiosán aineolaí amadán dalldramán graoisín
A totally ignorant person—unknowledgeable, uneducated, or uninformed; a fool.

ignorance /ˈɪɡ.nə.ɹəns/ /ˈɪɡ.nɚ.əns/ ignorances n
aineolas ainbhios
The condition of being uninformed or uneducated; lack of knowledge or information.

ignorant /ˈɪɡnəɹənt/ ignoranter ignorantest more ignorant most ignorant adj
aibéiseach ainbhiosach
Unknowledgeable or uneducated; characterized by ignorance.

iguana /əˈɡwɑnə/ /ɪ.ɡjuˈɑːnə/ /ɪˈɡwɑnə/ /ɪˈɡwɑːnə/ iguanas n
ioguána
(zoology) Any member of the genus Iguana.
Colloquially, in America and the Pacific, any of several members of the lizard family Iguanidae.
Colloquially, in Africa, any large member of the genus Varanus, especially the aquatic Nile monitor (see leguan).

ileum ilea n
caolán beag iléam
(anatomy) The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine.

ill /ɪl/ iller illest more ill most ill worse worst adj
tinn
Unwell in terms of health or physical condition; sick. [from 15th c.]
adhascaideach
Having an urge to vomit. [from 20th c.]

ill health n
breoiteacht
(idiomatic) A state of illness, or bad health.

ill humor ill humors n
anaoibh
bad temper

ill repute n
droch-cháil
Bad reputation; notoriety.

ill-treatment n
anaiste anchor
bad, unkind or abusive treatment

ill-usage ill-usages n
ainíde drochbhail drochíde oidhe raiceáil íde
bad, cruel or unkind treatment

illegal /ɪˈli.ɡəl/ /ɪˈliːɡəl/ [ɪɫˈli.ɡəɫ] more illegal most illegal adj
mídhleathach aindleathach neamhdhleathach neamhdhlíthiúil
Contrary to or forbidden by law, especially criminal law.

illegality illegalities n
aindleathacht mídhlisteanacht neamhdhleathacht neamhdhlíthiúlacht
(law) the state of being illegal

illegitimacy illegitimacies n
neamhdhlisteanacht
The state or condition of being illegitimate

illegitimate /ɘlɘˈdʒɘtɘmeɪt/ /ɘlɘˈdʒɘtɘmɘt/ /ɪlɪˈd͡ʒɪtɪmeɪt/ /ɪlɪˈd͡ʒɪtɪmət/ [ɪlɨˈd͡ʒɪɾəmeɪt] [ɪlɨˈd͡ʒɪɾəmɨt] more illegitimate most illegitimate adj
neamhdhlisteanach tabhartha
Born to unmarried parents.

illiquidity /ˌɪlɪˈkwɪdɪti/ illiquidities n
neamhleachtacht
(economics) The condition of being illiquid; a lack of liquidity; difficulty in selling out an asset

illiteracy /ɪˈlɪtəɹəsi/ /ɪˈlɪt͡ʃɹəsi/ illiteracies n
neamhlitearthacht
(uncountable) The inability to read and write.

illiterate /ɪˈlɪtəɹət/ /ɪˈlɪtɹət/ more illiterate most illiterate adj
neamhliteartha
Unable to read and write.
ainléannta
Having less than an expected standard of familiarity with language and literature, or having little formal education.

illness /ˈɪl.nəs/ illnesses n
tinneas
breoiteacht galar othras
(countable) An instance of a disease or poor health.
galar othras
(uncountable) A state of bad health or disease.

illuminate /ɪˈl(j)uməneɪt/ /ɪˈl(j)umɪneɪt/ /ɪˈl(j)umɪnət/ v
maisigh
(transitive) To decorate the page of a manuscript book with ornamental designs.

illumination /ɪˌl(j)umɪˈneɪʃən/ /ɪˌlumɪˈneɪʃən/ illuminations n
soilsiú
The act of illuminating, or supplying with light; the state of being illuminated.
Festive decoration of houses or buildings with lights.

illustrate /ɪˈlasˌtɹæɪt/ /ɪˈlʌsˌtɹeɪt/ /ˈɪl.jəˌstɹeɪt/ /ˈɪl.jʊˌstɹeɪt/ /ˈɪl.əˌstɹeɪt/ /ˈɪl.əˌstɹæɪt/ v
maisigh
To provide a book or other publication with pictures, diagrams or other explanatory or decorative features.

image /ˈɪmɪd͡ʒ/ images n
íomhá
An optical or other representation of a real object; a graphic; a picture.
(computing) A file that contains all information needed to produce a live working copy. (See disk image and image copy.)

imagery /-ədʒɹi/ /ˈɪmɪd͡ʒəɹi/ /ˈɪmɪd͡ʒɹi/ imageries n
íomháineachas

imaginary /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnəɹi/ /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnɹi/ /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌnɛɹi/ more imaginary most imaginary adj
samhailteach samhlaithe samhlaitheach taibhriúil íomháineach
Existing only in the imagination.

imagination /ɪˌmæd͡ʒəˈneɪʃən/ imaginations n
íomháineacht
The image-making power of the mind; the act of mentally creating or reproducing an object not previously perceived; the ability to create such images.
Particularly, construction of false images; fantasizing.

imago /ɪˈmeɪɡoʊ/ /ɪˈmeɪɡəʊ/ /ɪˈmɑɡoʊ/ /ɪˈmɑːɡəʊ/ imagines imagoes imagos n
iomágó
(entomology) The final developmental stage of an insect after undergoing metamorphosis.

imam /ɪˈmɑːm/ /ˈiːmɑːm/ imams n
iomám
(usually capitalized) A Shi'ite Muslim leader descended from the prophet Muhammad and functioning as his spiritual successor.

imbalance imbalances n
neamhchothroime éagothroime
The property of not being in balance.

imbroglio /ɪmˈbɹoʊljoʊ/ /ɪmˈbɹəʊljəʊ/ imbrogli imbroglios n
cíor thuathail gírle guairle
A complicated situation; an entanglement.

imitative more imitative most imitative adj
aithriseach
Imitating; copying; not original.

imitator imitators n
aithriseoir
A person who imitates or apes another.

immateriality immaterialities n
neamhthábhacht neamhábharthacht
The state of being immaterial.

immaturity /ɪməˈt͡ʃʊɹɪti/ immaturities n
anabaíocht
Youth; the condition of being immature or not fully grown

immeasurable /ɪˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/ /ɪˈmɛʒɹəbəl/ more immeasurable most immeasurable adj
as cuimse as miosúr gan teorainn
impossible to measure

immeasurably adv
as cuimse as miosúr gan teorainn
In a manner that is not measurable, in a way that cannot be measured.

immediacy /əˈ-/ /ɪˈmiːdi.əsi/ /ɪˈmiːd͡ʒəsi/ immediacies n
neasacht
The quality of being immediate, of happening right away.
neamh-mheánacht
(philosophy) Immediate awareness or apprehension.

immediate family immediate families n
neasteaghlach
A family unit consisting of a parent or parents and their children.

immediateness immediatenesses n
neasacht
the state of being immediate; immediacy

immense /ɪˈmɛns/ immenser immensest adj
ábhal
Huge, gigantic, very large.

immensity immensities n
aibhse aibhseacht dearmháile ollmhéid áibhle
The state or characteristic of being immense.

immerse /ɪˈmɜːs/ /ɪˈmɝs/ v
tum
(transitive) To place within a fluid (generally a liquid, but also a gas).

immersion /ɪˈmɜːʃən/ /ɪˈmɝʒən/ immersions n
bá deochadh folcadh fothragadh tumadh
The act of immersing or the condition of being immersed.

immigrant /ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/ immigrants n
inimirceach
A non-native person who comes to a country from another country to permanently settle there.

immigration /ɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃn/ /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/ immigrations n
inimirce
The act of immigrating; the passing or coming into a country of which one is not native born for the purpose of permanent residence.

immodest /ɪˈmɑdəst/ more immodest most immodest adj
mí-umhal mígheanúil mímhodhúil mínáireach
Without customary restraint or modesty of expression; shameless.

immoral /ɪˈmɒɹəl/ /ɪˈmɔɹəl/ more immoral most immoral adj
mímhorálta
Breaching principles of natural law, rectitude, or justice, and so inconsistent with the demands of virtue, purity, or "good morals"; not right, not moral. (Compare unethical, illegal.)

immortal /ɪˈmɔɹtəl/ /ɪˈmɔːtəl/ adj
neamhbhásmhar bithbheo buan síoraí
Not susceptible to death; living forever; never dying.
buanseasmhach
Never to be forgotten; that merits being always remembered.

immovable /ɪˈmuːvəb(ə)l/ more immovable most immovable adj
anscuithe
incapable of being physically moved; fixed

immune /ɪˈmjuːn/ more immune most immune adj
imdhíonach
(medicine, usually with "to") Protected by inoculation, or due to innate resistance to pathogens.
imdhíonachta
(medicine) Of or pertaining to the immune system.

immune system immune systems n
córas imdhíonachta
(anatomy, immunology) The system that differentiates self from non-self and protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing an immune response. It includes organs such as the thymus, the spleen and lymph nodes; tissue such as bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils; cells such as lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and cell products such as antibodies.

immunity /ɪˈmjuːnəti/ immunities n
díolúine
(law) An exemption from prosecution.
(law) An exemption from specified duties, such as payments or services.
imdhíonacht
(uncountable) The state of being insusceptible to something; notably:
acmhainn
(countable) A resistance to a specific thing.

immunocytochemistry n
cíticeimic imdhíonachta
(immunology, chemistry) The field of study that encompasses immunochemistry and cytochemistry

immunoglobulin immunoglobulins n
glóbailin imdhíonachta
(protein, immunology) Any of the glycoproteins in blood serum that respond to invasion by foreign antigens and that protect the host by removing pathogens; an antibody.

immunotoxicity immunotoxicities n
tocsaineacht imdhíonachta
The toxic effect of an immunotoxin on the immune system

impact /ɪmˈpækt/ /ˈɪmpækt/ impacts n
tionchar
(figurative, proscribed) A significant or strong influence or effect.

impairment /ɪmˈpɛə(ɹ)mənt/ impairments n
lagú
The result of being impaired

impala /ɪmˈpɑːlə/ impala impalas n
iompála
An African antelope, Aepyceros melampus, noted for its leaping ability; the male has ridged, curved horns.

impalpable more impalpable most impalpable adj
do-airithe dobhraite domhothaithe doshonraithe
Not able to be perceived by the senses (especially by touch); intangible or insubstantial; not easily grasped or understood.

impartiality impartialities n
neamhchlaontacht
The quality of being impartial; fairness.

impassive /ɪmˈpæsɪv/ more impassive most impassive adj
fuarchúiseach
Having, or revealing, no emotion.

impedance /ɪmˈpiːdn̩s/ impedances n
coisceas
(physics) A measure of the opposition to the flow of an alternating current in a circuit; the aggregation of its resistance, and inductive and capacitive reactances; the ratio of voltage to current treated as complex quantities.

impedance coil impedance coils n
corn coisceasa
(electricity) a coil of wire designed to provide impedance in an electric circuit

impenetrability impenetrabilities n
neamh-intreáiteacht
The characteristic of being impenetrable; invulnerability.

imperative /ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/ more imperative most imperative adj
tiarnúil
Expressing a command; authoritatively or absolutely directive.

imperfect /ɪmpə(ɹ)ˈfɛkt/ /ɪmˈpɜː(ɹ)fɛkt/ /ɪmˈpɜː(ɹ)fɪkt/ more imperfect most imperfect adj
anfhoirfe
not perfect

imperfection /ɪmpɚˈfɛkʃən/ imperfections n
neamhfhoirfeacht
(uncountable) Those qualities or features that are imperfect; the characteristic, state, or quality of being imperfect.

imperial /ɪmˈpɪə.ɹi.əl/ /ɪmˈpɪɹ.i.əl/ more imperial most imperial adj
impiriúil
Related to an empire, emperor, or empress.
maorga ríúil
Very grand or fine.

imperialism [ɪmˈpɪə.ɹi.ə.lɪ.zm̩] [ɪmˈpɪɹ.i.ə.lɪ.zm̩] imperialisms n
impiriúlachas
The policy of forcefully extending a nation's authority by territorial gain or by the establishment of economic and political dominance over other nations.

imperialist /ɪmˈpɪəɹiəlɪst/ imperialists n
impiriúlaí
An advocate of imperialism.

imperious /ɪmˈpɪəɹi.əs/ /ɪmˈpɪɹi.əs/ adj
anúdarásach máistriúil tiarnúil
Domineering, arrogant, or overbearing.

impermanence impermanences n
díomuaine neamhbhuaine
Lack of permanence or continued duration.
The quality or state of being impermanent.

impermeability /ɪmˌpɜːmi.əˈbɪlɪti/ /ɪmˌpɝmi.əˈbɪlɪti/ impermeabilities n
neamh-thréscaoilteacht neamhscagacht
the quality of being impermeable

impermeable /ɪmˈpɜːɹmɪəbəl/ more impermeable most impermeable adj
neamh-thréscaoilteach
Impossible to permeate.
Not allowing passage, especially of liquids; waterproof.

impertinence /ɪm.ˈpɜː.tɪ.nəns/ /ɪm.ˈpɝ.tɪ.nəns/ /ɪm.ˈpɝt.nəns/ impertinences n
brusaireacht cocaireacht dosaireacht dradaireacht pastaireacht plucaireacht
(uncountable) The fact or character of being out of place; inappropriateness.

impertinent /ɪm.ˈpɜː.tɪ.nənt/ /ɪm.ˈpɝ.tɪ.nənt/ /ɪm.ˈpɝt.nənt/ more impertinent most impertinent adj
brusanta dosartha sonnta tagrach
Insolent, ill-mannered or disrespectful; Disregardful.

imperturbable /ˌɪmpəˈtɜːbəbəl/ /ˌɪmpɚˈtɝbəbəl/ more imperturbable most imperturbable adj
fuarchúiseach
Not easily perturbed, excited, or upset; calm and collected, even under pressure

imperviousness n
neamh-thréscaoilteacht
The ability to prevent any penetration.

impetuous /imˈpɛt͡ʃuəs/ more impetuous most impetuous adj
tobann
Making arbitrary decisions, especially in an impulsive and forceful manner.

impiety impieties n
aindiagacht éagráifeacht
(uncountable) The state of being impious.
(uncountable) The lack of respect for a god or something sacred.

impious /ɪmˈpaɪəs/ /ˈɪmpi.əs/ more impious most impious adj
aindiaga éagráifeach
Not pious.
Lacking reverence or respect, especially towards a god.

implacability implacabilities n
dobhogthacht doshástacht
The quality or state of being implacable.

implement /ˈɪmpləmənt/ /ˈɪmpləmɛnt/ implements n
uirlis
A tool or instrument for working with.

implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/ implications n
impleacht
(countable, uncountable) An implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed; an inference, or something which may fairly be understood, though not expressed in words.

impolite /ɪmpəˈlaɪt/ impoliter impolitest more impolite most impolite adj
drochbhéasach
Not polite; not of polished manners; wanting in good manners.

import /ɪmˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɪmˈpoət/ /ɪmˈpɔɹt/ /ɪmˈpɔːt/ /ˈɪm.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈɪm.poət/ /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ /ˈɪm.pɔːt/ imports n
allmhaire iompórtáil
(countable) Something brought in from an exterior source, especially for sale or trade.
(countable, Philippines) A foreigner playing in a sports league.
allmhairiú iompórtáil
(uncountable) The practice of importing.

import /ɪmˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɪmˈpoət/ /ɪmˈpɔɹt/ /ɪmˈpɔːt/ /ˈɪm.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈɪm.poət/ /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ /ˈɪm.pɔːt/ v
allmhairigh iompórtáil
(transitive) To bring (something) in from a foreign country, especially for sale or trade.

importance /ɪmˈpɔɹtəns/ /ɪmˈpɔːtəns/ [-ʔn̩s] importances n
tábhacht
The quality or condition of being important or worthy of note.
significance or prominence.

important /ɪm.ˈpo(ː)ɹ.tənt/ /ɪm.ˈpoə.tənt/ /ɪm.ˈpɔɹ.tənt/ /ɪm.ˈpɔɹ.ɾənt/ /ɪm.ˈpɔː.tənt/ [ɪmˈpʰɔɹʔn̩t] [ɪmˈpʰɔɹʔn̩ʔ] [ɪmˈpʰɔːtənt̚] [ɪmˈpʰɔːʔn̩ʔ] more important most important adj
mórluachach tábhachtach
Having relevant and crucial value; having import.

importer /ɪmˈpɔː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)/ importers n
allmhaireoir iompórtálaí
One who, or that which, imports: especially a person or company importing goods into a country.

importunate /ɪmˈpɔɹt͡ʃənət/ /ɪmˈpɔːtjʊnət/ more importunate most importunate adj
achainíoch
(of a person) Given to importunate demands, greedily or thoughtlessly demanding.

impose /ɪmˈpoʊz/ /ɪmˈpəʉz/ /ɪmˈpəʊz/ v
cuir i bhfeidhm
To place or put (something chiefly immaterial, especially something regarded as burdensome as a duty, an encumbrance, a penalty, etc.) on another thing or on someone; to inflict, to repose; also, to place or put (on someone a chiefly immaterial thing, especially something regarded as burdensome).

imprecise /ɪmpɹəˈsaɪs/ /ɪmpɹəˈsɑɪs/ /ɪmpɹɪˈsaɪs/ more imprecise most imprecise adj
neamhbheacht
Not precise or exact; containing some error or uncertainty.

impregnable /ɪmˈpɹɛɡ.nəˌb(ə)l/ more impregnable most impregnable adj
dochloíte
(military) Of a fortress or other fortified place: able to withstand all attacks; impenetrable, inconquerable, unvanquishable.
(figuratively) Too strong to be defeated or overcome; invincible.

impregnate /ˈɪmpɹɛɡneɪt/ v
toirchigh
(transitive) To cause to become pregnant.

impregnation /ɪmpɹɛɡˈneɪʃən/ impregnations n
toirchiú
The act of making pregnant; fertilization.

impress /ɪmˈpɹɛs/ /ˈɪmpɹɛs/ v
téigh i bhfeidhm ar
(transitive) To affect (someone) strongly and often favourably.

impressionism impressionisms n
impriseanachas
(arts) An art movement characterized by visible brushstrokes, ordinary subject matter, and an emphasis on light and its changing qualities.

impressionist impressionists n
impriseanaí
One who adheres to the theory or method of impressionism.

impressionistic more impressionistic most impressionistic adj
impriseanaíoch
Pertaining to or characterized by impressionism.
Based on impression rather than reason or fact; based on trying to impress somebody rather than trying for accuracy.

impressive /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/ more impressive most impressive adj
iontach
Making, or tending to make, a positive impression; having power to impress

imprison /ɪmˈpɹɪzən/ v
cuir i bpríosún cuir i ngéibheann
(transitive) To put in or as if in prison; confine somebody against their will.

imprisonment /ɪmˈpɹɪzn̩.mənt/ imprisonments n
gabhann braighdeanas príosún príosúnacht príosúnú
A confinement in a place, especially a prison or a jail, especially as punishment for a crime.

improbability /ɪmˌpɹɑb.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /ɪmˌpɹɑb.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ /ɪmˌpɹɒb.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ [ɪmˌpɹɑb.əˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] [ɪmˌpɹɑb.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ɾi] improbabilities n
andóigh neamhdhóchúlacht
The quality or state of being improbable; unlikelihood.

improbable /ɪmˈpɹɑbəbl̩/ /ɪmˈpɹɒbəbl̩/ more improbable most improbable adj
andóch

improper /ɪmˈpɹɑ.pɚ/ /ɪmˈpɹɒp.ə/ /ɪmˈpɹɔp.ə/ more improper most improper adj
aindílis
Not in keeping with conventional mores or good manners; indecent or immodest

improve /ɪmˈpɹuːv/ v
cuir feabhas ar leasaigh
(transitive) To make (something) better; to increase the value or productivity (of something).
téigh i bhfeabhas
(obsolete) To disapprove of; to find fault with; to reprove; to censure.
(dated) To use or employ to good purpose; to turn to profitable account.

improvement /ɪmˈpɹuːvmənt/ improvements n
biseach feabhas
The act of making profitable use or application of anything, or the state of being profitably employed; practical application, for example of a doctrine, principle, or theory, stated in a discourse.

improver /ɪmˈpɹuːvə/ /ɪmˈpɹuːvɚ/ improvers n
leasaitheoir
Something that, or someone who, improves something.

improvident /ɪmˈpɹɒvɪdənt/ more improvident most improvident adj
neamhchríonna
failing to provide for the future; reckless

improvisation /ɪmpɹəvaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ɪmˌpɹɑvəˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɪm-/ improvisations n
seiftiú
The act or art of composing and making music, poetry, and the like, extemporaneously

improvise /ˈɪmpɹəvaɪz/ v
seiftigh
To make something up or invent it as one goes on; to proceed guided only by imagination, intuition, and guesswork rather than by a careful plan.

improvised explosive device improvised explosive devices n
feiste phléascach sheiftithe
An unconventional or amateur explosive weapon made from nonmilitary components, especially one used by guerillas, commandos or terrorists.

imprudent /ɪmˈpɹudənt/ more imprudent most imprudent adj
aimhghlic ainchríonna díchéillí místuama neamhchríonna éigríonna
Not prudent; lacking prudence or discretion; indiscreet; injudicious; not paying attention to the consequences of one's actions.

impudence /ˈɪmpjudəns/ /ˈɪmpjədəns/ impudences n
brusaireacht dailtíneacht gearr-aighneas
The quality of being impudent, not showing due respect.
brusaireacht gearr-aighneas
Impudent language, conduct or behavior.

impudent /ˈɪmpjədn̩t/ /ˈɪmpjʊdənt/ impudenter impudentest more impudent most impudent adj
aisfhreagrach anbhal athchainteach dailtíneach deiliúsach gíománta
Not showing due respect; bold-faced, impertinent.

impulse /ˈɪmpʌls/ impulses n
spreagadh
(physics) The integral of force over time.

impulsive /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/ more impulsive most impulsive adj
tobann
Actuated by impulse or by transient feelings; inclined to make rapid decisions without due consideration.

impulsivity impulsivities n
ríogacht
The quality of being impulsive, impulsiveness; inclination to act on impulse rather than thought.

in /ɘn/ /ən/ /ɪn/ more in most in adj
faiseanta san fhaisean
In fashion; popular.
isteach
Incoming.

in /ɘn/ /ən/ /ɪn/ adv
istigh
isteach
Towards the speaker or other reference point.
After the beginning of something.
(in combination, after a verb) Denotes a gathering of people assembled for the stated activity, sometimes, though not always, suggesting a protest.

in /ɘn/ /ən/ /ɪn/ preposition
i
Contained by; inside.
Part of; a member of; out of; from among.
Surrounded by; among; amidst.
i gceann
At the end of (a period of time).
isteach
Into.
as
Used to indicate a language, script, tone, etc. of a text, speech, etc.

in a huff
stuacach
In an angry or annoyed state, feeling angry or upset.

in a hurry
deifir a bheith ort faoi dheifir
(adjectival) Rushed, hurried; short of time.

in a nutshell adv
go hachomair i mbeagán focal
(idiomatic) In summary; briefly or simply.

in a row
as a chéile
(informal) successively, one after the other.

in addition adv
le cois
(conjunctive, idiomatic) Also; as well; besides.

in any case
ar aon chaoi ar aon chuma ar aon nós ar chuma ar bith pé scéal é
Whatever is the case.

in any event
ar aon chaoi ar aon chuma ar aon nós ar chaoi ar bith ar chuma ar bith pé scéal é
at any rate, anyhow

in broad daylight /ɪn bɹɑd ˈdeɪˌlaɪt/ /ɪn bɹɔd ˈdeɪˌlaɪt/ /ɪn bɹɔːd ˈdeɪlaɪt/
i lár an lae ghil i lár an lae ghléigil
(figurative) In a blatant and publicly visible manner during the day.

in camera adv
i gcúirt iata
(legal) Without the presence of the public or the media (in court)

in charge more in charge most in charge adj
i bhfeighil
Having the responsibility of leading or overseeing.
i gceannas sa diallait
Having the power of command or control.

in effect adj
i bhfeidhm
Operating or functioning; in force; in play.

in effect adv
déanta na fírinne
For all practical purposes; in practice; actually; essentially; basically.

in focus
i bhfócas
(of an image) Sharp and clear with no fuzziness.

in for a penny, in for a pound /ɪn fɔɹ ə ˈpɛ.ni ɪn fɔɹ ə paʊnd/ /ɪn fəɹə ˈpɛ.ni ɪn fəɹə paʊnd/ proverb
ó loisc mé an choinneal loiscfidh mé an t-orlach
Having started something, one must see it through to its end, rather than stopping short; one must “go the whole hog”.

in force
i bhfeidhm
(law, insurance) In effect; applicable.

in front of preposition
le hucht
ar aghaidh
At or near the front part of (something).
In the presence of, in view of (someone).
ar aghaidh ar ceann
Located before, ahead of, previous to (someone or something).

in general adv
go coitianta
In the general case; without further assumption; without qualification; in all respects.

in heat
faoi adhall faoi reith

in hiding
i bhfolach
Remaining hidden (typically of a person).

in layman's terms
ar bhealach a thuigeann an gnáthdhuine
(idiomatic) Phrased simply, without jargon.

in love
i ngrá le
Enamored (of a person, etc.) [with with]

in my opinion
dar liom dar liomsa is dóigh liom
according to me

in one's opinion
dar le is dóigh le

in operation
i bhfeidhm
activated; functional; functioning; operating; working

in order that conjunction
i riocht is go ionas go sa chaoi go
So that; used to indicate purpose

in order to phraseologicalUnit
chun d'fhonn le
As a means of achieving the specified end; to.

in particular
áirithe
(focus) Especially, individually or specifically.

in question more in question most in question adj
i gceist
Under consideration, under discussion.

in right of preposition
as dualgas
(law, government, often, capitalized) jurisdiction of a person who is head of state of more than one state

in spite of preposition
in ainneoin ainneoin d’ainneoin

in stitches
in arraingeacha
(idiom) Laughing vigorously; very amused; aching due to convulsive laughter.

in the driver's seat phraseologicalUnit
i gceannas sa diallait
(idiomatic) In control of an entity or situation.

in the first place /ɪn ðə ˈfɜːst pleɪs/ /ɪn ðə ˈfɜːst plæɪs/ /ɪn ðə ˈfɜ˞st pleɪs/
ó thosach ó thús
(sequence, idiomatic) to begin with; earlier; firstly; originally; at the start,

in the long run
i ndeireadh na dála
(idiomatic) After a very long time; eventually; over a long period of time; more generally.

in the middle of preposition
i mbun
(often followed by the -ing form of a verb) Engaged in, but not finished with, often with something unpleasant.

in the mood
fonn a bheith ort chun
Disposed (to do something or for something; often romantic or sexual, without further context).

in the name of preposition
in ainm
With appeal to; by; often used to introduce oaths
By the authority of.
Under the name or possession of.
Under the designation or excuse of.

in the open
faoin spéir
Outdoors.

in the process of preposition
i mbun
(often followed by the -ing form of a verb) Engaged in, but not finished with.

in the works
sna fonsaí tógála
(idiomatic) Being planned or worked upon.

in time
in am
At or before the time assigned.
(with for) Sufficiently early.
le himeacht aimsire
As time passes.

in trouble
i dtrioblóid
Suffering difficulties.

in two
leathanach
(set phrase) Into two parts.

in wine, there is truth proverb
sceitheann fíon fírinne
Things said under the influence of alcohol reveal true beliefs not expressed when sober.

in writing
ar pháipéar
via a written message, as opposed to orally or through other means.

inaccessibility n
neamh-inrochtaineacht
The quality or state of being inaccessible; inaccessibleness.

inaccessible /ˌɪnəkˈsɛsɪbl̩/ more inaccessible most inaccessible adj
doshroichte
Not able to be accessed; out of reach; inconvenient.

inaccurate /ɪnˈæ.kjʊ.ɹət/ /ɪnˈæk.jə.ɹət/ /ɪnˈæk.jə.ɹɪt/ more inaccurate most inaccurate adj
míchruinn neamhbheacht neamhchruinn éigrinn
Mistaken or incorrect; not accurate.

inactivity inactivities n
neamhghníomhaíocht
The quality of being inactive; idleness; passiveness.

inanition /ɪnəˈnɪʃən/ inanitions n
lagar ocrais
foilmhe
(philosophy) A spiritual emptiness or lack of purpose or will to live, akin to nausea in existentialist philosophy.

inaptitude /ɪnˈæpt.ɪ.tud/ inaptitudes n
mí-oiriúnacht
The quality of being inapt.

inarticulate /ɪn.ɑɹˈtɪk.jə.lət/ /ɪn.ɑːˈtɪk.jʊ.lət/ more inarticulate most inarticulate adj
amhlabhrach
unable to speak with any clarity

inattentive /ˌɪn.ə.ˈtɛn.tɪv/ more inattentive most inattentive adj
anaireach
Of or pertaining to a lack of attention; not paying attention; careless.

inaudible adj
dochloiste dochluinte
Unable to be heard or not loud enough to be heard.

inauguration /ɪnɔːɡ(j)ʊˈɹeɪʃən/ inaugurations n
oirniú
The act of inaugurating, or inducting into office with solemnity; investiture by appropriate ceremonies.

inbox /ˈɪmbɑks/ /ˈɪmbɒks/ /ˈɪnbɑks/ /ˈɪnbɒks/ inboxes n
bocsa isteach
(computing) An electronic folder serving the same purpose, but for electronic files, especially email.

incapacity /ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪti/ incapacities n
míchumas neamhacmhainn neamhinneamh neamhábaltacht éagumas
The lack of a capacity; an inability.
éagumas
Legal disqualification.

incarcerate /ɪnˈkɑɹ.səˌɹeɪt/ /ɪnˈkɑː.səˌɹeɪt/ v
cuir i ngéibheann
(chiefly, US) To lock away; to imprison, especially for breaking the law.

incautious /ɪnˈkɑʃəs/ more incautious most incautious adj
anfhaiteach
careless, reckless, not exercising proper caution.

incense /ɪnˈsɛns/ /ˈɪnsɛns/ incenses n
túis
Biotic material that releases fragrant smoke when burnt, often used in religious rites or for aesthetic reasons.

incense boat incense boats n
túisbhád
The vessel that holds incense before it is put into a censer.

incentive /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/ incentives n
spreagadh
Something that motivates, rouses, or encourages.

incessant /ɪnˈsɛs.ənt/ more incessant most incessant adj
síor- síoraí
Without pause or stop; not ending, especially to the point of annoyance.

incest /ˈɪnsɛst/ incests n
ciorrú coil col corbadh
Sexual relations between close relatives, especially immediate family members and sometimes first cousins, usually considered taboo; in many jurisdictions, close relatives are not allowed to marry, and incest is a crime.

inch /ɪnt͡ʃ/ inch inches n
orlach
An English unit of length equal to 1/12 of a foot or 2.54 cm, conceived as roughly the width of a thumb.
Any of various similar units of length in other traditional systems of measurement.

incidence /ˈɪn.sɪ.dəns/ incidences n
ionsaitheacht
(epidemiology) A measure of the rate of new occurrence of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time.

incident /ˈɪn.sɪ.dənt/ adj
ionsaitheach
(physics, of a stream of particles or radiation) Falling on or striking a surface.

incident /ˈɪn.sɪ.dənt/ incidents n
eachtra
(countable, uncountable) An event or occurrence.
An event that causes or may cause an interruption or a crisis, such as a workplace illness or a software error.

incidentally /ˌɪnsəˈdɛn(t)l̩i/ /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntl̩i/ more incidentally most incidentally adv
dála an scéil
(speech act, conjunctive) Parenthetically, by the way.

incitation /ɪnsɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ incitations n
spreagthacht
The act of inciting or moving to action.

incite /ɪnˈsaɪt/ v
dreasaigh fadaigh spreag
(transitive) To stir up or excite; to rouse or goad into action.

inclement /ɪnˈklɛm.ənt/ /ˈɪn.kləm.ənt/ more inclement most inclement adj
anróiteach
Stormy, of rough weather; not clement.

including /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/ /ɪŋˈkluːdɪŋ/ preposition
san áireamh
Such as, among which; introducing one or more parts of the group or topic just mentioned.

inclusion /ɪnˈkluːʒən/ inclusions n
comhaireamh cur sa chomhaireamh cur san áireamh áireamh
(countable) An addition or annex to a group, set, or total.

income /ˈɪnˌkʌm/ incomes n
ioncam teacht isteach
Money one earns by working or by capitalising on the work of others.

income tax /ˈɪnˌkʌm tæks/ income taxes n
cáin ioncaim
A tax levied on earned and unearned income, net of allowed deductions.

incomparable /ɪŋkəmˈpærəbəl/ /ɪŋkəmˈpɛɹəbəl/ /ɪŋˈkɑmp(ə)ɹəbəl/ /ɪŋˈkɒmp(ə)rəbəl/ more incomparable most incomparable adj
dosháraithe
So much better than another as to be beyond comparison.

incompatibility /ˌɪnkəmˌpætɪˈbɪlɪti/ incompatibilities n
neamh-chomhoiriúnacht neamhfhreagracht neamhréiteacht
The quality or state of being incompatible; inconsistency; irreconcilability.

incompatible /ˌɪnkəmˈpætɪbəl/ /ˌɪŋkəmˈpætɪbəl/ more incompatible most incompatible adj
contrártha neamhfhreagrach
Of two things: that cannot coexist; not congruous because of differences; unable to function together due to dissimilarities.

incompetence incompetences n
neamhfhulangacht neamhinniúlacht
Inability to perform; lack of competence; ineptitude.

incomplete /ɪn.kəm.ˈpliːt/ more incomplete most incomplete adj
anfhoirfe neamhfhoirfe
Not complete; not finished

incompleteness incompletenesses n
neamhfhoirfeacht neamhiomláine
The state or condition of being not complete.

incongruity /ɪnkɑŋˈɡɹuɪti/ /ɪnkɒŋˈɡɹuːɪti/ incongruities n
aimhriar aiste coimhthíos mífhreagracht neamhréireacht
The state of being incongruous, or lacking congruence.

inconsiderate /ˌɪnkənˈsɪdəɹɪt/ /ˌɪŋ-/ more inconsiderate most inconsiderate adj
antuisceanach
Not considerate of others.

inconsistency /ˌɪnkənˈsɪst(ə)nsi/ /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi/ inconsistencies n
neamh-chomhsheasmhacht neamhfhreagracht
The state of being inconsistent.

inconstancy inconstancies n
luaineacht
Lack of constancy; lack of consistency in thought, emotion or action.

inconstant more inconstant most inconstant adj
luaineach
Not constant; wavering.

incontinence /ɪnˈkɒntɪnəns/ incontinences n
neamhchoinneálacht ainriantacht neamh-mheasarthacht
(urology) The inability of any of the physical organs to restrain discharges of their contents; involuntary discharge or evacuation (of urine or feces).

incontinent /ɪŋˈkɒntɪnənt/ more incontinent most incontinent adj
neamhchoinneálach
Plagued by incontinence; unable to retain natural discharges or evacuations, most commonly of urine or feces.

incontrovertible /ˌɪŋ.kɒn.tɹəˈvɜː.təbl̩/ more incontrovertible most incontrovertible adj
dobhréagnaithe
Not capable of being denied, challenged, or disputed; closed to questioning.

inconvenient more inconvenient most inconvenient adj
aistreach aistreánach
not convenient

incorrect /ˌɪnkəˈɹekt/ /ˌɪnkəˈɹɛkt/ more incorrect most incorrect adj
mícheart
Not correct; erroneous or wrong.

increase /ɪnˈkɹiːs/ /ˈɪnkɹiːs/ increases n
ardú breis fuilleamh
An amount by which a quantity is increased.
ardú breisiú fuilleamh
For a quantity, the act or process of becoming larger

increase /ɪnˈkɹiːs/ /ˈɪnkɹiːs/ v
ardaigh
(transitive) To make (a quantity, etc.) larger.

incredible /ɪŋˈkɹɛdəbəl/ /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbəl/ [ɪ̈ŋˈkɹ̥ʷɛɾəbəɫ] [ɪ̈ŋˈkɹ̥ʷɛɾəbɫ̩] more incredible most incredible adj
dochreidte
(literal) Too implausible to be credible; beyond belief. [from 15th c.]
(figurative) Amazing; astonishing; awe-inspiring.
(figurative) Marvellous; profoundly affecting; wonderful; excellent.

increment /ˈɪŋkɹɪmn̩t/ increments n
breisíocht incrimint
The action of increasing or becoming greater.
breis breisíocht incrimint
The amount of increase.
(grammar) A syllable in excess of the number of the nominative singular or the second-person singular present indicative.

incriminate /ɪŋˈkɹɪmɪneɪt/ v
ciontaigh
(transitive) To accuse or bring criminal charges against.

incubate /ˈɪŋkjʊbeɪt/ v
gor
(transitive) To brood, raise, or maintain eggs, organisms, or living tissue through the provision of ideal environmental conditions.

incubation /ɪnkjuˈbeɪʃən/ /ɪnkjuːˈbeɪʃən/ incubations n
gor
Sitting on eggs for the purpose of hatching young; a brooding on, or keeping warm, to develop the life within, by any process.

incubation period incubation periods n
tréimhse ghoir
(epidemiology) The time elapsed between an exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical or radiation, and the appearance of signs and symptoms.

indeed /ɪnˈdid/ /ɪnˈdiːd/ interjection
ambaiste don daighe muise!
Indicates emphatic agreement.

indefatigable /ˌɪn.də-/ /ˌɪn.dəˈfæt.ɪ.ɡə.bəl/ /ˌɪn.dɪ.fəˈti.ɡə.bəl/ /ˌɪn.dɪˈfæt.ɪ.ɡə.bəl/ [ˌɪn.dəˈfæɾ.ɪ.ɡə.bəl] more indefatigable most indefatigable adj
dochloíte dosháraithe dothraochta dothuirsithe
Extremely persistent and untiring.

indefinite article indefinite articles n
alt éiginnte
(grammar) A word preceding a noun to indicate that the noun refers to any member of the class of objects named by the noun.

indefinite pronoun indefinite pronouns n
forainm éiginnte
(grammar) A pronoun that does not specify the identity of its referent.

indemnification /ənˌdɛmnəfəˈkeɪʃən/ /ɪnˌdɛmnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ indemnifications n
leorchúiteamh
The act or process of indemnifying, preserving, or securing against loss, damage, or penalty.
A reimbursement of loss, damage, or penalty.
The state of being indemnified.

indemnity /ɪnˈdɛmnɪti/ indemnities n
slánaíocht
cúiteamh slánú
(legal) An obligation or duty upon an individual to incur the losses of another.
slánú
Repayment; compensation for loss or injury.
cúiteamh
(legal) The right of an injured party to shift the loss onto the party responsible for the loss.
(insurance) A principle of insurance which provides that when a loss occurs, the insured should be restored to the approximate financial condition occupied before the loss occurred, no better, no worse.

independent /ˌɪn.dɪˈpɛn.dənt/ more independent most independent adj
neamhspleách
Not dependent; not contingent or depending on something else; free.

indeterminacy indeterminacies n
neamhchinntitheacht
The condition of being indeterminate.

indeterminate /ɪndɪˈtɜː(ɹ)mɪnət/ more indeterminate most indeterminate adj
neamhchinntithe
Not accurately determined or determinable.

index /ˈɪndɛks/ index's indexes indices n
innéacs
An alphabetical listing of items and their location.

indicator /ˈɪn.dɪ.ˌkeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ indicators n
treotháscaire
(UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, automotive ) A turn signal; each of the flashing lights on each side of a vehicle which indicate a turn is being made to left or right, or a lane change etc.

indict /ˌɪnˈdaɪt/ v
díotáil
(legal) To make a formal accusation or indictment for a crime against (a party) by the findings of a jury, especially a grand jury.

indifference /ɪnˈdɪf.ə.ɹəns/ /ɪnˈdɪf.ɹəns/ indifferences n
fuarchúis
The state of being indifferent.
Unbiased impartiality.
Unconcerned nonchalance.

indifferent /ɪnˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt/ /ɪnˈdɪf.ɹənt/ more indifferent most indifferent adj
lagmheasartha
Mediocre (usually used negatively in modern usage).
fuarchúiseach
Not making a difference; without significance or importance.
(obsolete) Not different, matching.

indifferently more indifferently most indifferently adv
ar nós cuma liom
In an indifferent manner.

indigent /ɪnˈd(a)ɪd͡ʒənt/ /ˈɪndɪd͡ʒənt/ more indigent most indigent adj
daibhir
Poor; destitute; in need.

indigent /ɪnˈd(a)ɪd͡ʒənt/ /ˈɪndɪd͡ʒənt/ indigents n
daibhir
A person in need, or in poverty.

indigestion indigestions n
mí-dhíleá tinneas bhéal an ghoile
A condition of heartburn, nausea, or other stomach-related pain, sometimes caused by eating too quickly.

indignity /ɪnˈdɪɡ.nɪ.ti/ indignities n
tarcaisne
an affront to one's dignity or pride

indigo /ˈɪn.dɪˌɡəʊ/ /ˈɪndɪˌɡoʊ/ more indigo most indigo adj
indeagó
having a deep purplish-blue colour

indigo /ˈɪn.dɪˌɡəʊ/ /ˈɪndɪˌɡoʊ/ indigoes indigos n
indeagó
A purplish-blue colour.
indeagó plúirín
An indigo-colored dye obtained from certain plants (indigo plant or woad), or a similar synthetic dye.

indigo bunting indigo buntings n
gealóg phlúiríneach
A blue bunting of North America (Passerina cyanea).

indiscernible adj
dofheicthe
Not capable of being discerned or perceived.
Not capable of being distinguished from something else.

indiscreet indiscreeter indiscreetest adj
béalsceiteach
Not discreet; lacking in discretion.

indispensable /ɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl/ more indispensable most indispensable adj
riachtanach
Absolutely necessary or requisite; that one cannot do without. [from 17th c.]

indisposition /ɪnˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/ indispositions n
meath-thinneas
A mild illness, the state of being indisposed.

indium /ˈɪndi.əm/ indiums n
indiam
A chemical element (symbol In) with an atomic number of 49: a soft silvery-white metal.

individual /ɪndɪˈvɪdjʊ(ə)l/ /ɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒʊ(ə)l/ /ˌɪndə-/ /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əl/ more individual most individual adj
aonánach

individualism individualisms n
indibhidiúlachas
The moral stance, political philosophy, or social outlook that promotes independence and self-reliance of individual people, while opposing the interference with each person's choices by society, the state, or any other group or institution.

indivisible /ˌɪndɪˈvɪzɪbəl/ adj
doroinnte
Incapable of being divided; atomic.
(arithmetic) Incapable of being divided by a specific integer without leaving a remainder.

indolence /ˈɪndl̩(ə)ns/ /ˈɪndl̩əns/ /ˈɪndəl(ə)ns/ indolences n
sácráilteacht
Habitual laziness or sloth.

indolent /ˈɪn.də.lənt/ more indolent most indolent adj
sácráilte
Habitually lazy, procrastinating, or resistant to physical labor
leasc
(medicine) Causing little or no physical pain; progressing slowly; inactive (of an ulcer, etc.)
(medicine) Healing slowly

indomitable /ɪnˈdɑmɪtəbl̩/ /ɪnˈdɒmɪtəbl̩/ more indomitable most indomitable adj
dochloíte
Incapable of being subdued, overcome, or vanquished.

indoors /ɪnˈdɔɹz/ /ɪnˈdɔːz/ adv
isteach istigh
Inside, into, or within a building.

indri /ˈɪndɹi/ indris n
indrídigh
One of the largest living lemurs (Indri indri), native to Madagascar.

inductor inductors n
ionduchtóir
(electronics) A passive device that introduces inductance into an electrical circuit.

industrial school industrial schools n
scoil saothair
(historical) Such a residential school formerly used to rehabilitate juvenile delinquents.

industrious /ɪnˈdʌstɹi.əs/ more industrious most industrious adj
saothrach tábhachtach
Hard-working and persistent.

industry /ˈɪndəstɹi/ industries n
tábhacht
(uncountable) The tendency to work persistently. Diligence.
tionscal
(uncountable, economics) Businesses that produce goods as opposed to services.

inebriation /ɪˌniːbɹiˈeɪʃən/ inebriations n
druncaeireacht meisce meisceoireacht
The state or characteristic of drunkenness.

ineffective /ˌɪn.əˈfek.tɪv/ /ˌɪn.əˈfɛk.tɪv/ /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tɪv/ more ineffective most ineffective adj
ainéifeachtach
not having the desired effect; ineffectual
lacking in ability; incompetent or inadequate

inefficacy inefficacies n
ainéifeacht
The condition of being ineffective

inefficient /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/ more inefficient most inefficient adj
neamhéifeachtúil
Not efficient; not producing the effect intended or desired; inefficacious

inert gas inert gases n
gás támh
(chemistry) A gas which does not undergo chemical reactions.

inertia /ɪnˈɜː.ʃə/ /ɪnˈɝ.ʃə/ /ɪˈnɜː.ʃə/ /ɪˈnɝ.ʃə/ inertiae inertias inertiæ n
spadántacht táimhe
(figuratively) In a person, unwillingness to take action.

inessive adj
ineiseach
(grammar) Of or relating to the grammatical case that in some languages indicates the state of being in or inside a location.

inessive inessives n
tuiseal ineiseach
(grammar) The inessive case, or a word in that case.

inexcusable more inexcusable most inexcusable adj
doleithscéil
not excusable

inexhaustible /ɪnɪɡˈzɔːstɪbl̩/ adj
do-ídithe
Impossible to exhaust; unlimited.

inexpensive more inexpensive most inexpensive adj
saor
low in price

inexperience inexperiences n
ainchleachtadh aineolas easpa cleachtaidh easpa taithí neamhchleachtadh neamhoilteacht
A lack of experience.

inexperienced /ɪnəkˈspɪəɹi.ənst/ more inexperienced most inexperienced adj
anársa
Not experienced; lacking knowledge or experience; green.

infant mortality infant mortalities n
básmhaireacht naíonán
The occurrence of death of very young children under one year old.

infantryman infantrymen n
coisí saighdiúir coise
(military) a soldier employed in an infantry role
(by restriction) a male soldier of the infantry

infect /ɪnˈfɛkt/ v
galraigh ionfhabhtaigh
(transitive) To bring (the body or part of it) into contact with a substance that causes illness (a pathogen), so that the pathogen begins to act on the body; (of a pathogen) to come into contact with (a body or body part) and begin to act on it.

infected more infected most infected adj
galrach
Having an infection.

infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ infections n
galrú
(pathology) The act or process of infecting.
galar
An uncontrolled growth of harmful microorganisms in a host.

infectious /ɪnˈfɛk.ʃəs/ more infectious most infectious adj
tógálach
(pathology, of an illness) Caused by an agent that enters the host's body (such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion); often, also, transmitted among hosts via any of various routes (for example, contact, droplet-borne, airborne, waterborne, foodborne, fomite-borne, or bloodborne).
ionfhabhtaíoch
(pathology, typically, of a person) Able to infect others; capable of transmitting pathogens.

infectious disease infectious diseases n
galar gabhálach galar tógálach
(medicine) An illness caused by a specific infectious agent (bacterium, virus, fungus, protozoa, prion etc.), that results from transmission of that agent from an infected person, animal, or reservoir to a susceptible host.
(medicine) A medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis, control and treatment of infections.

inferiority complex inferiority complexes n
coimpléasc ísleachta
(psychology) A sense of inferiority; the feeling that one is inferior to others in certain aspects.

infertile /ɪnˈfɜː(ɹ)taɪl/ /ɪnˈfɝtɪl/ more infertile most infertile adj
aimrid neamhthorthúil seasc
Not fertile.

infertility infertilities n
neamhthorthúlacht
The condition of being infertile; of having poor fertility.
The inability to conceive children.

infidel /ˈɪn.fə.dl̩/ /ˈɪn.fə.ˌdɛl/ infidels n
ainchreidmheach díchreidmheach neamhchreidmheach
(now, usually, derogatory) One who does not believe in a certain religion.
(now, usually, derogatory) One who does not believe in a certain principle.

infidelity /ˌɪnfɪˈdɛlɪti/ infidelities n
mídhílseacht
Unfaithfulness in a marriage or an intimate (sexual or romantic) relationship: practice or instance of having a sexual or romantic affair with someone other than one's spouse, without the consent of the spouse.
ainchreideamh éigreideamh
Lack of religious belief.

infiltrate /ɪnˈfɪltɹeɪt/ /ˈɪnfəltɹeɪt/ /ˈɪnfɪltɹeɪt/ v
insíothlaigh síothlaigh isteach
(ambitransitive) To surreptitiously penetrate, enter or gain access to.
(transitive) To cause (a liquid) to pass through something by filtration.

infinite /ˈɪnfənɪt/ /ˈɪnfɪnɪt/ more infinite most infinite adj
éigríochta
Boundless, endless, without end or limits; innumerable. [from 15th c.]
(mathematics) Greater than any positive quantity or magnitude; limitless. [from 17th c.]
(set theory, of a set) Having infinitely many elements.

infinity /ɪnˈfɪnɪti/ infinities n
éigríoch
(uncountable) endlessness, unlimitedness, absence of a beginning, end or limits to size.
(countable, mathematics) A number that has an infinite numerical value that cannot be counted.

inflame /ɪnˈfleɪm/ v
adhain
(transitive) To set on fire; to kindle; to cause to burn, flame, or glow.

inflammable /ɪnˈflæməbəl/ more inflammable most inflammable adj
adhantach inadhainte inlasta so-adhainte so-lasta
Capable of burning; easily set on fire.
so-lasta sochorraithe soghríosaithe
(figuratively) Easily excited; set off by the slightest excuse; easily enraged or inflamed.

inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪʃən/ inflammations n
bruith adhaint aodh athlasadh gor gríosú
(pathology) A condition of any part of the body, consisting of congestion of the blood vessels, with obstruction of the blood current, and growth of morbid tissue. It is manifested outwardly by redness and swelling, attended with heat and pain.

inflated more inflated most inflated adj
boilscithe
(economics) : In a state of higher cost.

inflation /ɪnˈfleɪʃən/ inflations n
séideadh teannadh
An act, instance of, or state of expansion or increase in size, especially by injection of a gas.
boilsciú
(economics) An increase in the general level of prices or in the cost of living.

influence /ɪnˈflu.əns/ /ˈɪn.flu.əns/ influences n
tionchar
The power to affect, control or manipulate something or someone; the ability to change the development of fluctuating things such as conduct, thoughts or decisions.
A person or thing exerting such power or action.

influence /ɪnˈflu.əns/ /ˈɪn.flu.əns/ v
téigh i bhfeidhm ar
(transitive) To have an effect on by using gentle or subtle action; to exert an influence upon; to modify, bias, or sway; to persuade or induce.

informal /ɪnˈfɔɹm(ə)l/ /ɪnˈfɔːm(ə)l/ more informal most informal adj
neamhnósúil
Not formal or ceremonious.

informatics /ɪnfəˈmætɪks/ /ˌɪnfəɹˈmætɪks/ [ˌɪnfɚˈmæɾɪks] n
faisnéisíocht
(computing) A branch of information science and of computer science that focuses on the study of information processing, particularly with respect to systems integration and human interactions with machine and data.

information /ˌɪn.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.fəˈmæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/ informations n
eolas fios
Things that are or can be known about a given topic; communicable knowledge of something. [from 14th c.]

information theory n
teoiric eolais teoiric fhaisnéise
(mathematics) A branch of applied mathematics and engineering involving the quantification of information sent over a communication channel, disregarding the meaning of the sent messages, exemplified by the noisy-channel coding theorem.

informative /ɪnˈfoːmətɪv/ /ɪnˈfɔɹmətɪv/ /ɪnˈfɔːmətɪv/ [ɪnˈfoːməɾɪv] [ɪnˈfɔɹməɾɪv] more informative most informative adj
eolasach faisnéiseach
Providing information; especially, providing useful or interesting information.

informed /ɪnˈfɔɹmd/ /ɪnˈfɔːmd/ more informed most informed adj
eolach
Instructed; having knowledge of a fact or area of education.

informedness n
eolasacht
the state or quality of being informed

informer informers n
brathadóir
A person who tells authorities about improper or illegal activity.

inframarginal adj
infrimeallach infririmeallach

infrared /ɪnfɹəˈɹɛd/ adj
fodhearg infridhearg
Having a wavelength in the infrared spectrum.

infrared /ɪnfɹəˈɹɛd/ infrareds n
infridhearg
(uncountable) The electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation, having a wavelength between 700 nm and 1 mm.

infrasound infrasounds n
infreafhuaim
(physics) Sound waves having a frequency below the human audible range (below about 20 Hz).

infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃɚ/ infrastructures n
bonneagar infreastruchtúr
(systems theory) An underlying base or foundation especially for an organization or system. [from 1887]

infrequent more infrequent most infrequent adj
ainmhinic
Not frequent; not happening frequently.

ingenuous /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.əs/ more ingenuous most ingenuous adj
soineanta
Naive and trusting.

inglenook /ˈɪŋɡ(ə)lnʊk/ /ˈɪŋɡəlˌnʊk/ inglenooks n
clúid
A nook or corner beside an open fireplace; a chimney corner.

ingot /ˈɪŋɡət/ ingots n
barra uinge
A solid block of more or less pure metal, often but not necessarily bricklike in shape and trapezoidal in cross-section, the result of pouring out and cooling molten metal, often immediately after smelting from raw ore or alloying from constituents.

ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ ingredients n
comhábhar
One of the substances present in a mixture, especially food.

inhabit /ɪnˈhæbɪt/ v
áitrigh
(transitive) To live or reside in.

inhabitant /ɪnˈhæ.bɪ.tənt/ inhabitants n
áitreabhach áitreabhthóir
Someone or thing who lives in a place.

inhalant inhalants n
ionanálach
Something, especially a medication, that is inhaled.

inheritance /ɪnˈhɛɹɪtəns/ inheritances n
oidhreacht
The passing of title to an estate upon death.
(countable) That which a person is entitled to inherit, by law or testament.
(biology, genetic algorithms) The biological attributes passed hereditarily from ancestors to their offspring.

inhibit /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/ v
urchoill
(transitive) To hold in or hold back; to keep in check; restrain.

inhibition /ɪnhɪˈbɪʃən/ /ɪnɪˈbɪʃən/ inhibitions n
urchoilleadh
The act of inhibiting.

inhibitive more inhibitive most inhibitive adj
urchoillteach
that inhibits

inhibitory adj
coiscthe coisctheach toirmeascach toirmiscithe urchoillte
That inhibits.

inhomogeneity inhomogeneities n
neamh-aonchineálacht

inhospitable /ˌɪnhɒsˈpɪtəbəl/ more inhospitable most inhospitable adj
ainfhial danartha dofháilteach doicheallach dothíosach
(of a place) Not offering shelter; barren or forbidding. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

inhospitality inhospitalities n
ainfhéile doicheall
Lack of hospitality.

inhuman /ɪnˈhjuːmən/ more inhuman most inhuman adj
mídhaonnachtúil
Of or pertaining to inhumanity and the indifferently cruel, sadistic or barbaric behavior it brings.

iniquity /-kwə-/ /ɪnˈɪkwɪti/ [-ɾi] iniquities n
urchóid
(uncountable) Deviation from what is right; gross injustice, sin, wickedness.

initial /ɪˈnɪʃəl/ initials n
ceannlitir túslitir
The first letter of a word or a name.
In plural, the first letter of each word of a person's full name considered as a unit.
ceannlitir iniseal túslitir
(typesetting, calligraphy) A distinguished initial letter of a chapter or section of a document.

injective /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ adj
inteilgeach
(mathematics) Of, relating to, or being an injection: such that each element of the image (or range) is associated with at most one element of the preimage (or domain); inverse-deterministic

injunction /ɪnˈd͡ʒʌnk.ʃən/ injunctions n
urghaire
That which is enjoined; such as an order, mandate, decree, command, precept.
(legal) A writ or process, granted by a court of equity, and, in some cases, under statutes, by a court of law, whereby a party is required to do or to refrain from doing certain acts, according to the exigency of the writ.

injure /ˈɪn.dʒə/ /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ/ v
déan díobháil díobháil gortaigh leon
(transitive) To wound or cause physical harm to a living creature.

injury /ˈɪn.d͡ʒə.ɹi/ /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ.i/ /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɹi/ injuries n
gortú
The violation of a person's reputation, rights, property, or interests.

ink /iŋk/ /ɪŋk/ inks n
dúch
A pigment (or dye)-based fluid used for writing, printing etc.
The black or dark-colored fluid ejected by squid, octopus etc, as a protective strategy.

inkling /ˈɪŋklɪŋ/ inklings n
leid átlamh éachtaint
Usually preceded by forms of to give: a slight hint, implication, or suggestion given.

inkwell inkwells n
dúchán
A container for ink, designed and usually positioned so that a person may conveniently dip a pen into it whenever a refill is needed.

inn /ɪn/ inns n
teach ósta
Any establishment where travellers can procure lodging, food, and drink.

innate /ɪˈneɪt/ adj
dúchasach
Inborn; existing or having existed since birth.

innkeeper /ˈɪnkiːpəɹ/ innkeepers n
óstóir
The person responsible for the running of an inn, usually the proprietor.

innocent /ˈɪnəsənt/ more innocent most innocent adj
neamhchiontach
Bearing no legal responsibility for a wrongful act.
soineanta
Naive; artless.

innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/ innovations n
nuáil nuálaíocht
The act of innovating; the introduction of something new, in customs, rites, etc.
nuálaíocht
Something new, and contrary to established customs, manners, or rites.

inoffensive more inoffensive most inoffensive adj
neamhurchóideach
harmless

inoffensiveness n
neamhurchóid
the state or condition of being inoffensive

inorganic /ɪnɔɹˈɡænɪk/ /ɪnɔːˈɡænɪk/ adj
neamhorgánach
(chemistry) relating to a compound that does not contain carbon

inorganic chemistry inorganic chemistries n
ceimic neamhorgánach
(chemistry) The chemistry of the elements (including carbon), and those compounds that do not contain carbon.

inorganic compound inorganic compounds n
comhdhúil neamhorgánach
(inorganic chemistry) Any compound containing carbon atoms ionically bound to other atoms.

input /ˈɪnpʊt/ [ˈɪmpʊt] [ˈɪnpʊt] inputs n
ionchur
Data fed into a process with the intention of it shaping or affecting the output of that process.

inquire /ɪnˈkwaɪə/ /ɪnˈkwaɪɹ/ v
fiafraigh fiosraigh
(intransitive, US, Canada, Australia) To ask (about something).

inquiry /ɪnˈkwaɪ(ə)ɹi/ /ɪnˈkwaɪəɹi/ /ɪŋ-/ /ˈɪnkwɪɹi/ inquiries n
fiosrúchán
The act of inquiring; a seeking of information by asking questions; interrogation; a question or questioning.

insect /ˈɪnsɛkt/ insects n
feithid
An arthropod (in the Insecta class) characterized by six legs, up to four wings, and a chitinous exoskeleton.

insecticide insecticides n
feithidicíd feithidnimh
A substance used to kill insects.

insectivore /ɪnˈsɛktəˌvɔɹ/ /ɪnˈsɛktəˌvɔː/ insectivores n
feithiditeoir
Insect-eating animal or plant.

insectivorous /ˌɪnsɛkˈtɪv(ə)ɹəs/ more insectivorous most insectivorous adj
feithiditeach
Feeding on insects.

insecurity insecurities n
neamhdhiongbháilteacht
A lack of security; uncertainty.

inseparable /in.ˈsɛ.p(ə).ɹə.bl/ more inseparable most inseparable adj
níl dul idir
Unable to be separated; bound together permanently.

insert /ɪnˈsɜːt/ /ɪnˈsɝt/ /ˈɪnsɜːt/ /ˈɪnsɝt/ v
ionsáigh
(transitive) To put in between or into.

inside out /ˌɪnsaɪdˈaʊt/ adv
taobh istigh amuigh taobh tuathail amach
(not comparable) With the inside surface turned to be on the outside.

insight /ˈɪnsaɪ̯t/ insights n
léargas
Power of acute observation and deduction

insignificance insignificances n
diomaibhse suarachas
the state of being insignificant

insipid /ɪnˈsɪp.ɪd/ more insipid most insipid adj
leamh
Unappetizingly flavorless.

insolence /ˈɪn.sə.ləns/ insolences n
borrachas
Contemptible, ill-mannered conduct; insulting: arrogant, bold behaviour or attitude.

insolent /ˈɪn.sə.lənt/ more insolent most insolent adj
drochmhúinte
Insulting in manner or words, particularly in an arrogant or insubordinate manner.

insomnia /ɪnˈsɒmniə/ insomnias n
díth codlata neamhchodladh neamhshuan
(medicine) A sleeping disorder that is known for its symptoms of unrest and the inability to sleep.

inspector /ɪnˈspɛktə/ /ɪnˈspɛktɚ/ inspectors n
banchigire cigire
A person employed to inspect something.

inspire /ɪn.ˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ /ɪn.ˈspaɪɹ/ v
spreag

instability instabilities n
éagobhsaíocht
(uncountable) The quality of being unstable.

instant /ˈɪnstənt/ adj
práinneach
(legal) Present; current; extant.

instantaneous /ɪnstənˈteɪni.əs/ adj
láithreach
Occurring, arising, or functioning without any delay; happening within an imperceptibly brief period of time. [from 17th c.]

instead /ɪnˈstɛd/ adv
ina ionad ina áit
In the place of something (usually mentioned earlier); as a substitute or alternative.

instead of preposition
in ionad in áit
In lieu of; in place of; rather than.

instep /ˈinˌstɛp/ insteps n
trácht
(anatomy) The arched part of the top of the foot between the toes and the ankle.

instinctive /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪv/ more instinctive most instinctive adj
instinneach
Related to or prompted by instinct.

instruct /ɪnˈstɹakt/ /ɪnˈstɹʌkt/ v
deachtaigh
teagasc
(transitive) To teach by giving instructions.

instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/ instructions n
teagasc treoir
(uncountable) The act of instructing, teaching, or providing with information or knowledge.
treoir
(computing) A single operation of a processor defined by an instruction set architecture.

instrument /ˈɪnstɹəmənt/ /ˈɪnstɹʊmənt/ instruments n
uirlis adhbh cheoil gléas ionstraim
A device used to produce music.
ionstraim uirlis
A tool, implement used for manipulation or measurement.
ionstraim
(legal) A legal document, such as a contract, deed, trust, mortgage, power, indenture, or will.

insubordination insubordinations n
easumhlaíocht
The quality or state of being insubordinate; disobedience to lawful authority; specifically, an employee's failure or refusal to comply with a request or an assignment given by his/her supervisor.

insubstantiality insubstantialities n
diomaibhse míthathag
The state or quality of being insubstantial.

insufficiency insufficiencies n
easnamh easpa ganntanas
The lack of sufficiency; a shortage or inadequacy.

insulating more insulating most insulating adj
teasdíonach
That insulates.

insulin /ˈɪnsjʊlin/ /ˈɪnsəlɪn/ /ˈɪnʃʊlɪn/ insulins n
inslin
A polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism (in various animals including humans).

insult /ɪnˈsʌlt/ /ˈɪnsʌlt/ insults n
achasán
(uncountable) Action or form of speech deliberately intended to be rude; (countable) a particular act or statement having this effect.
tarcaisne
(countable) Something that causes offence (for example, by being of an unacceptable quality).

insult /ɪnˈsʌlt/ /ˈɪnsʌlt/ v
maslaigh tarcaisnigh
(transitive) To be insensitive, insolent, or rude to (somebody); to affront or demean (someone). [from 17th c.]

insuperable /ɪnˈsup(ə)ɹəb(ə)l/ more insuperable most insuperable adj
dosháraithe

insurance /ɪn.ˈʃɔː.ɹəns/ /ɪn.ˈʃɝ.əns/ /ɪn.ˈʃʊə.ɹəns/ /ɪn.ˈʃʊɹ.əns/ /ˈɪn.ʃɚəns/ insurances n
árachas táille árachais
A means of indemnity against a future occurrence of an uncertain event.

insurance company insurance companies n
cuideachta árachais
A company that provides insurance policies.

insurance policy insurance policies n
polasaí árachais
(insurance) A legal document outlining a particular insurance cover for an insured entity for a given risk.

insure /ɪnˈʃɔː/ /ɪnˈʃɝ/ /ɪnˈʃʊə/ /ɪnˈʃʊɚ/ v
cuir árachas ar
(transitive) To provide for compensation if some specified risk occurs. Often agreed by policy (contract) to offer financial compensation in case of an accident, theft or other undesirable event.

insurmountable more insurmountable most insurmountable adj
dochloíte dosháraithe
Incapable of being passed over, surmounted, or overcome; insuperable

integrated circuit integrated circuits n
ciorcad iomlánaithe
(semiconductors) A thin chip, usually of silicon, consisting of at least two interconnected semiconductor devices, mainly transistors.

integrity /ɪnˈtɛɡɹəti/ /ɪnˈtɛɡɹɪti/ integrities n
ionracas
Steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code.

integument /ɪnˈtɛɡ.jʊ.mənt/ integuments n
seicin
(biology) An outer protective covering such as the feathers or skin of an animal, a rind or shell.

intelligence /ɪnˈtɛl.ɪ.d͡ʒəns/ intelligences n
meabhair éirimiúlacht
(mostly, uncountable) The quality of making use or having made use of such capacities: depth of understanding, mental quickness.

intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/ intelligenter intelligentest more intelligent most intelligent adj
éirimiúil
Of high or especially quick cognitive capacity, bright.

intelligible /ɪnˈtɛləd͡ʒəbl̩/ more intelligible most intelligible adj
intuigthe sothuigthe
Capable of being understood; clear to the mind.

intemperance /ɪnˈtɛmpɛɹəns/ intemperances n
ainmheasarthacht
Lack of moderation or temperance; excess.

intend /ɪnˈtɛnd/ v
tá faoi
(ambitransitive, usually followed by particle "to" + verb, or "on"/"upon" + noun) To fix the mind upon (something, or something to be accomplished); be intent upon

intense /ɪnˈtɛns/ intenser intensest more intense most intense adj
an- dian dian- tréan-
Of a characteristic: extreme or very high or strong in degree; severe; also, excessive.
dlúth
(also, figurative) Under tension; tightly drawn; strained, stressed, tense.

intensify /ɪnˈtɛnsɪfaɪ/ v
géaraigh neartaigh
(intransitive) To become intense, or more intense; to act with increasing power or energy.

inter- /ɪntə/ /ɪntɚ/ [ɪ̃n(ɾ̃)ɚ] [ɪ̃ɾ̃ɚ] prefix
idir-
Intermittently: the root verb is done between or among temporal entities; also forming nouns and adjectives derived from the verb form.
Internally: the root verb is done in between or among relevant entities; also formining nouns and adjectives derived from the verb form.
Intersocially: the root verb is done between or among social entities; also forming nouns and adjectives derived from the verb form.
Interspatially: the root verb is done between or among spatial entities; also forming nouns and adjectives derived from the verb form.
Communal: a kind of the root which is shared among people.

interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈæk.ʃən/ interactions n
idirfheidhm idirghníomh idirghníomhaíocht idirghníomhú idirghníomhúchán imghníomhú
The situation or occurrence in which two or more objects or events act upon one another to produce a new effect; the effect resulting from such a situation or occurrence.
caidreamh
A conversation or exchange between people.

interactive /ɪn.təˈɹæk.tɪv/ /ɪn.tɚˈæk.tɪv/ more interactive most interactive adj
idirghníomhach
Interacting with or communicating with and reacting to each other; influencing or having an effect on each other; acting or capable of acting on each other or with the other.

interactivity /ɪntəɹækˈtɪvɪti/ interactivities n
idirghníomhaíocht
The quality of being interactive.

intercept /ɪntəˈsɛpt/ /ɪntɚˈsɛpt/ /ˈɪntəsɛpt/ /ˈɪntɚsɛpt/ intercepts n
idirlíne
(algebraic geometry) The coordinate of the point at which a curve intersects an axis.

intercept /ɪntəˈsɛpt/ /ɪntɚˈsɛpt/ /ˈɪntəsɛpt/ /ˈɪntɚsɛpt/ v
idirlínigh

intercession intercessions n
idirghuí
A prayer to God on behalf of another person; especially, such a prayer offered by a heavenly saint on behalf of a mere mortal who has prayed to the saint for such help.

intercessor /ˈɪntə(ɹ)ˌsɛsə(ɹ)/ intercessors n
impíoch
A person who intercedes; a mediator; one who reconciles enemies, or pleads for another.

interconfessional adj
idirchreidmheach
(religion) Taking place between religious organisations that have different systems of formulated theology (confessions of faith)

intercontinental ballistic missile intercontinental ballistic missiles n
diúracán balaistíoch idirilchríochach
(military, rocketry) A class of long-range missiles associated especially with carrying nuclear warheads.

interdenominational adj
idirchreidmheach idireaglasta
(religion) Of, relating to, or between different denominations or churches.

interdict /ɪntəˈdɪkt/ /ɪntɚˈdɪkt/ /ˈɪntədɪkt/ /ˈɪntɚdɪkt/ interdicts n
urghaire
A papal decree prohibiting the administration of the sacraments from a political entity under the power of a single person (e.g., a king or an oligarchy with similar powers). Extreme unction/Anointing of the Sick is excepted.

interdict /ɪntəˈdɪkt/ /ɪntɚˈdɪkt/ /ˈɪntədɪkt/ /ˈɪntɚdɪkt/ v
urghair
(transitive, Roman Catholic) To exclude (someone or somewhere) from participation in church services; to place under a religious interdict. [from 13th c.]

interest /ˈɪntəɹst/ /ˈɪntəɹəst/ /ˈɪntəɹɛst/ /ˈɪntəɹɪst/ /ˈɪntɹəst/ /ˈɪntɹɛst/ /ˈɪntɹɪst/ interests n
ús
(uncountable, finance) The price paid for obtaining, or price received for providing, money or goods in a credit transaction, calculated as a fraction of the amount or value of what was borrowed. [from earlier 16th c.]
spéis suim
(uncountable) A great attention and concern from someone or something; intellectual curiosity. [from later 18th c.]
(uncountable) Attention that is given to or received from someone or something.

interested /ˈɪntəɹɛstəd/ /ˈɪntəɹɛstɪd/ /ˈɪntəɹɪstɪd/ /ˈɪntɹəstəd/ /ˈɪntɹəstɪd/ /ˈɪntɹɪstɪd/ more interested most interested adj
spéis
Having or showing interest (attention or curiosity).
leasmhar
Owning a share of a company; being a shareholder.

interesting /ˈɪn(t)əɹɛstɪŋ/ /ˈɪntəɹəstɪŋ/ /ˈɪntɹəstɪŋ/ /ˈɪntɹɛstɪŋ/ /ˈɪntɹɪstɪŋ/ more interesting most interesting adj
suimiúil spéisiúil
Arousing or holding the attention or interest of someone.

interfacing interfacings n
idirfhásáil
A layer of fabric inserted between other layers of a garment to provide stiffening

interference /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈfɪəɹəns/ /ˌɪntəɹˈfiɹɪns/ interferences n
éaradh
The act of interfering with something, or something that interferes.

interferometer interferometers n
trasnamhéadar
(physics) any of several instruments that use the interference of waves to determine wavelengths and wave velocities, determine refractive indices, measure small distances, temperature changes, stresses, and many other useful measurements.

interferometry n
trasnamhéadracht
(physics) The design and use of optical or radio interferometers.

intergalactic adj
idir-réaltrach
(astronomy) Occurring between galaxies.

interglacial adj
idiroighreach
Occurring between glaciations (colloquially known as ice ages).

interglacial interglacials n
tréimhse idiroighreach
The relatively warm period between glacial periods.

interior angle interior angles n
uillinn istigh
(geometry) The inner angle between two sides of a polygon.

interjection /ɪn.təˈdʒɛk.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ interjections n
intriacht
(grammar) An exclamation or filled pause; a word or phrase with no particular grammatical relation to a sentence, often an expression of emotion.

interlanguage /ɪnˈtɜɹˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ/ interlanguages n
idirtheanga
A language generated by a student of a foreign language that incorporates aspects of their native language and the target language.

interline /ˈɪntə(ɹ)ˌlaɪn/ /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈlaɪn/ v
idirlínigh

interlinear adj
idirlínteach
having alternate lines of text in different languages

interlineation interlineations n
idirlíniú
A notation made between the lines, especially in a handwritten document; interlining.

intermarry /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈmæɹi/ v
pós a chéile
To marry a member of another group, social stratum, or religion.
pós a muintir féin
To marry within the same ethnic, social, or family group.

intermediate /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.di.ət/ /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.diˌeɪt/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈmi.di.eɪt/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈmi.di.ət/ more intermediate most intermediate adj
idirmheánach
Being between two extremes, or in the middle of a range.

intermezzo /ɪntəˈmɛtsəʊ/ /ɪntɚˈmɛtsoʊ/ /ɪntɛɹˈmɛdzoʊ/ intermezzi intermezzos n
idirchluiche idirmhír
(music, arts) A short piece of music or act in the interval of the main spectacle; a theatrical interlude.

intermittency intermittencies n
eadrannacht
The state of being intermittent; periodicity.

intermittent /ˌɪntəˈmɪtn̩t/ /ˌɪntɚˈmɪtn̩t/ more intermittent most intermittent adj
anois is arís eadrannach uaineach ó am go ham
Stopping and starting, occurring, or presenting at intervals; coming after a particular time span.

intern /ɪnˈtɜːn/ /ɪnˈtɝn/ v
imtheorannaigh
(transitive) To imprison somebody, usually without trial.

internal combustion engine internal combustion engines n
inneall dócháin inmheánaigh
A heat engine in which intermittent or the continuous burning of a fuel takes place inside a combustion chamber; the resulting pressurized gas acts directly on the engine to do useful work, such as a piston engine, gas turbine, jet engine or rocket.

internal organ internal organs n
ball inmheánach
(anatomy) An organ, such as the heart or colon, that is entirely within the confines of the body.

internally displaced person internally displaced people internally displaced persons n
duine easáitithe de thír
Someone who is forced to flee their home but who remains within their country's borders.

international /ˌɪn.(t)ɚˈnæʃ.(ə.)n(ə)l/ /ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.(ə.)n(ə)l/ [ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] [ˌɪntɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] [ˌɪɾ̃ɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] more international most international adj
idirnáisiúnta
common to, or affecting, two or more nations.
Of or concerning the association called the International.

international auxiliary language international auxiliary languages n
teanga idirnáisiúnta chúnta
(linguistics) A language intended to be used by people who do not share a common language.

international rules football n
peil na rialacha idirnáisiunta
A sport created as a mixture of Australian rules football and Gaelic football, to allow international matches between Australia and Ireland.

internationalism internationalisms n
idirnáisiúnachas
(politics) Political, economic and cultural cooperation between nations.

internationalist internationalists n
idirnáisiúnaí
An advocate of internationalism.

internationality internationalities n
idirnáisiúntacht
internationalness

internationalness n
idirnáisiúntacht
The state or condition of being international.

internee /ɪntɜːˈniː/ /ɪntɝˈniː/ internees n
imtheorannaí
One who is imprisoned or otherwise confined.

internment /ɪnˈtɜːnmənt/ /ɪnˈtɝnmənt/ internments n
imtheorannú
The state of being imprisoned, usually without trial.

internode internodes n
idirnód
(botany) A section of stem between two stem nodes.

interpellation interpellations n
forghairm
(politics) The act of interpellating (questioning); the period in which government officials are questioned about and explain an act, a policy or a point raised during a debate.

interphase interphases n
idirphas
(biology) The stage in the life cycle of a cell between two successive mitotic or meiotic divisions.

interpretation /ɪntəpɹəˈteɪʃən/ /ɪntɚpɹəˈteɪʃən/ interpretations n
teangaireacht míniú
(countable) An act of interpreting or explaining something unclear; a translation; a version.

interpreter /ɪnˈtɜːpɹɪtə/ /ɪnˈtɝpɹɪtɚ/ interpreters n
teangaire
A person who converts spoken or signed language into a different language for the benefit of one or more others who do not understand the first language being used (especially if in real time or shortly after that person has finished communicating). (Contrasted with translator.)

interrelated more interrelated most interrelated adj
idirghaolmhar
Having a mutual or reciprocal relation or parallelism; correlative.

interrelationship /ˌɪntə.ɹɪˈleɪ.ʃən.ʃɪp/ /ˌɪntɚ.ɹɪˈleɪ.ʃən.ʃɪp/ interrelationships n
idirghaol idirghaolmhaireacht
A relationship between multiple things.

interrobang /ɪnˈtɛ.ɹɔˌbæŋ/ /ɪnˈtɛ.ɹəʊˌbæŋ/ /ɪnˈtɛ.ɹəˌbæŋ/ [ɪnˈtə.ɹəˌbæŋ] interrobangs n
comhartha ceiste uaillbhreasa
The nonstandard punctuation mark ⟨‽⟩ (a combination of ⟨?⟩ and ⟨!⟩), which may be used at the end of a sentence to express excitement or disbelief, or to indicate that it is a rhetorical question. [from 1962.]
(rare) A combination of a question mark and an exclamation mark; ⟨!?⟩ or ⟨?!⟩.

interrogate /ɪnˈtɛɹ.ə.ɡeɪt/ /ɪnˈtɛɹ.ə.ɡæɪt/ /ɪnˈtɛɹ.əˌɡeɪt/ v
ceistigh
(transitive) to question or quiz, especially in a thorough and/or aggressive manner

interrogation /ɪnˌteɹ.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ interrogations n
ceistiú ceistiúchán
The act of interrogating or questioning; examination by questions; inquiry.

interrogative pronoun interrogative pronouns n
forainm ceisteach
(grammar) A pronoun used in a question. In English, the five interrogative pronouns are what, which, who, whom, and whose (also used as relative pronouns). These require no antecedent.

interschool adj
idirscoile
Occurring or taking place between two or more schools.

intersex /ˈɪntəsɛks/ /ˈɪntɚsɛks/ adj
idirghnéasach
(of an individual) Having any of a variety of inherent conditions (in a species with distinct sexes) in which one's sex characteristics differ from those of a typical male and female; for example, having sex characteristics relating to both male and female sexes.

intersexuality n
idirghnéas
The state of having the physical features of both sexes, or of having ambiguous sex, i.e. not unambiguously male or female.

interstellar adj
idir-réaltach
Between the stars.
Among the stars.

interstellar medium n
meán idir-réaltach
(astronomy) The matter that exists in the space between star systems in a galaxy, including gas, dust, and cosmic rays.

intertidal zone intertidal zones n
urthrá
(oceanography) The part of a shore between high water and low water, especially the beach exposed at maximum ebb spring tides.

interval /ˈɪntəvəl/ /ˈɪntɚvəl/ intervals n
eadar-àm
A period of time.

interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ /ˈɪntɚvjuː/ interviews n
agallamh
A conversation in person (or, by extension, over the telephone, Internet etc.) between a journalist and someone whose opinion or statements he or she wishes to record for publication, broadcast etc. [from 19th c.]
A formal meeting, in person, for the assessment of a candidate or applicant. [from 20th c.]

interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ /ˈɪntɚvjuː/ v
cuir agallamh ar
(intransitive) To be interviewed; to attend an interview.

interweave /ˌɪntəɹˈwiv/ /ˌɪntəˈwiːv/ [-ɾəɹ-] v
idirfhigh
(transitive) To combine (things) through weaving.

intestacy /ɪnˈtɛstəsi/ intestacies n
díthiomnacht
(legal) The state of being intestate, or of dying without having made a valid will.

intestate /ɪnˈtɛsteɪt/ adj
díthiomnach
Without a valid will indicating whom to leave one's estate to after death.

intestate /ɪnˈtɛsteɪt/ intestates n
díthiomnóir
(legal) A person who dies without making a valid will.

intestine /ɪnˈtɛstaɪn/ /ɪnˈtɛstɪn/ /ɪnˈtɛsˌtiːn/ /ˈɪntɛstaɪn/ /ˈɪntɛstɪn/ intestines n
putóg drólanna
(anatomy, often pluralized) The alimentary canal of an animal through which food passes after having passed all stomachs.
putóg
One of certain subdivisions of this part of the alimentary canal, such as the small or large intestine in human beings.

intimate /ˈɪn.tɪ.meɪt/ /ˈɪn.tɪ.mət/ more intimate most intimate adj
caidreamhach
Closely acquainted; familiar.

intimate /ˈɪn.tɪ.meɪt/ /ˈɪn.tɪ.mət/ intimates n
caidreamhach
A very close friend.

into /ˈɪn.tu/ /ˈɪn.tuː/ /ˈɪn.tə/ /ˈɪn.tʊ/ preposition
isteach i
To or towards the inside of.
Against, especially with force or violence.
isteach go
To or towards the region of.
i rith
After the start of.
tugtha do
(colloquial) Interested in or attracted to.
i i rith
(mathematics) Expressing the operation of division, with the denominator given first. Usually with "goes".
faoi
Investigating the subject (of).

into the bargain
le cois
(informal) along with it; additionally; as well

intolerant /ɪnˈtɑləɹənt/ /ɪnˈtɒləɹənt/ more intolerant most intolerant adj
éadulangach
Not tolerant; close-minded about new or different ideas; indisposed to tolerate contrary opinions or beliefs; impatient of dissent or opposition; denying or refusing the right of private opinion or choice in others; inclined to persecute or suppress dissent.

intoxicate /ɪnˈtɑksɪkeɪt/ /ɪnˈtɑksɪkət/ /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt/ /ɪnˈtɒksɪkət/ v
splanc
To excite to enthusiasm or madness.

intoxicating more intoxicating most intoxicating adj
meisciúil
(of a substance) Able to intoxicate; an intoxicant.
(figurative) Very exciting and stimulating, like alcohol or some other stimulant.

intractability intractabilities n
docheansaitheacht domhúinteacht
The state of being intractable; intractableness.

intraday adj
ionlae
(finance) occurring during a single day.

intranet /ˈɪntɹəˌnɛt/ intranets n
inlíon
(computing) A private computer network, typically one that uses the protocols of the Internet.

intransitive /ɪnˈtɹænsətɪv/ /ɪnˈtɹænzətɪv/ adj
neamhaistreach
(grammar, of a verb) Not transitive: not having, or not taking, a direct object.

intrasexual adj
ingnéasach
Within a group of individuals of the same sex.

intricacy /ɪnˈtɹɪ.kə.si/ /ˈɪn.tɹɪ.kə.si/ intricacies n
castacht
The state or quality of being intricate or entangled.
Perplexity.
Something which is intricate or complex.

intricate /ˈɪn.tɹɪ.kət/ more intricate most intricate adj
achrannach aimhréidh cas casta doraidh doréidh
Having a great deal of fine detail or complexity.

introduction /ˌɪntɹəˈdʌkʃən/ introductions n
réamhrá
An initial section of a book or article, which introduces the subject material.

intuitionism intuitionisms n
iomasachas
(mathematics) An approach to mathematics/logic which avoids proof by contradiction, and which requires that, in order to prove that something exists, one must construct it.

inundate /ˈɪn.ən.deɪt/ /ˈɪn.ʌn.deɪt/ v
plúch
To cover with large amounts of water; to flood.
To overwhelm.

invariable /ɪnˈvɛə.ɹi.ə.bl̩/ /ɪnˈvɛɚbl̩/ /ɪnˈvɛɹ.i.ə.bl̩/ adj
do-athraitheach
Not variable; unalterable; uniform; always having the same value.

invariant more invariant most invariant adj
do-athraitheach
Not varying; constant.

invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/ v
cum

invented /ɪnˈvɛntɪd/ more invented most invented adj
cumtha
fictional, made up, imaginary.

invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/ inventions n
aireagán
Something invented.
aireag
The capacity to invent.
fionnachtain
(archaic) The act of discovering or finding; the act of finding out; discovery.

inventive /ɪnˈvɛntɪv/ more inventive most inventive adj
airgtheach
Possessed of a particular capacity for the design of new mechanisms or processes, creative or skilful at inventing.

inventor /ɪnˈvɛntə/ /ɪnˈvɛntɚ/ inventors n
aireagóir
One who invents, either as a hobby or as an occupation.

inversion /ɪnˈvɚ.ʒən/ /ɪnˈvɜː.ʃən/ inversions n
aisiompú
The act of being in an inverted state; being upside down, inside out, or in a reverse sequence.

invert /ɪnˈvɜːt/ /ɪnˈvɝt/ /ˈɪn.vət/ /ˈɪn.vɚt/ v
aisiompaigh
(transitive) To turn (something) upside down or inside out; to place in a contrary order or direction.

invertebrate /ɪnˈvəːtɪbrət/ adj
inveirteabrach
Lacking a backbone; without vertebrae.

invertebrate /ɪnˈvəːtɪbrət/ invertebrates n
inveirteabrach
An animal without vertebrae, i.e. backbone.

investigation /ɪnˌvɛs.təˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ /ɪnˌvɛs.tɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ investigations n
fiosrúchán
The act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up; research, especially patient or thorough inquiry or examination

investment /ɪnˈvɛsmənt/ /ɪnˈvɛstmənt/ investments n
fuilleamh
(finance) A placement of capital in expectation of deriving income or profit from its use or appreciation.

investor /ɪnˈves.tə(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈvɛs.tɚ/ investors n
fuilleamhóir infheisteoir
A person who invests money in order to make a profit.

inveterate /ɪnˈvɛtəɹɪt/ more inveterate most inveterate adj
dobhogtha doleigheasta ársanta
firmly established from having been around for a long time; of long standing

invincible /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/ /ɪnˈvɪn.sɪ.bəl/ adj
dochloíte dosháraithe
Impossible to defeat, destroy, or kill; too powerful to be defeated or overcome.

inviolable /ɪnˈvaɪələbl̩/ more inviolable most inviolable adj
dosháraithe
Incapable of being injured or invaded; indestructible.

inviolate /ɪnˈvaɪ.ə.lət/ /ɪnˈvaɪ.əʊˌleɪt/ more inviolate most inviolate adj
ógh

invoice /ˈɪnˌvɔɪs/ invoices n
sonrasc
A bill; a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer indicating the products, quantities and agreed prices for products or services that the seller has already provided the buyer with. An invoice indicates that, unless paid in advance, payment is due by the buyer to the seller, according to the agreed terms.

involuntary /ɪnˈvɑl.ənˌtɛ.ɹi/ /ɪnˈvɒl.ən.tɹi/ more involuntary most involuntary adj
ainneonach neamhthoiliúil éadoilteanach

inwards /ˈɪnwədz/ /ˈɪnwɚdz/ more inwards most inwards adv
isteach
Towards the inside.

iodic adj
iadach
(chemistry) of, or relating to iodine or its compounds, especially those in which it has a valency of five

iodine /ˈaɪ.əˌdaɪn, -dɪn, -diːn/ iodines n
iaidín
An antiseptic incorporating the element.

iodoform iodoforms n
iadaform trí-iadaimeatán
(chemistry) A halogenated hydrocarbon, CHI3; a yellow crystalline compound, formerly used as a mild antiseptic.

iodometry n
iadaiméadracht
(chemistry) An analytical technique that uses the sudden disappearance (or appearance) of iodine to mark the end of a redox titration

iodyrite iodyrites n
iadairít
(mineral) a natural mineral form of silver iodide

ionization /ˌaɪənɪˈzeɪʃən/ ionizations n
ianú ianúchán
(chemistry, physics) Any process that leads to the dissociation of a neutral atom or molecule into charged particles ions; the state of being ionized.

ionosphere ionospheres n
ianaisféar
The part of the Earth's atmosphere beginning at an altitude of about 50 kilometers (31 miles) and extending outward 500 kilometers (310 miles) or more.

irascible /aɪˈɹæs.ɪ.bəl/ /ɪˈɹæs.ə.bəl/ /ɪˈɹæs.ɪ.bəl/ more irascible most irascible adj
colgach tobann
Easily provoked to outbursts of anger; irritable.

iridium /ɪˈɹɪd.i.əm/ iridiums n
iridiam
(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol Ir) with an atomic number of 77: a very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group.

iris /aɪɹɪs/ /ʌɪɹɪs/ /ˈaɪ.ɹɪs/ [əɪɹɪs] irides iris irises n
glóiriam ireas
(botany) A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See w:Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).
imreasc inteachán seall
(anatomy) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, which adjusts to control the amount of light reaching the retina, and which forms the colored portion of the eye (See w:Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).

irksome /ˈɜɹksəm/ more irksome most irksome adj
liosta
Marked by irritation or annoyance; disagreeable; troublesome by reason of long continuance or repetition

iron /ˈaɪ(ə)ɹn/ /ˈaɪən/ /ˈaɪɹən/ adj
iarnaí iarnda
(not comparable) Made of the metal iron.

iron /ˈaɪ(ə)ɹn/ /ˈaɪən/ /ˈaɪɹən/ irons n
iarann
(uncountable) A common, inexpensive metal, silvery grey when untarnished, that rusts, is attracted by magnets, and is used in making steel: a chemical element having atomic number 26 and symbol Fe.
(golf) A golf club used for middle-distance shots.

iron lung iron lungs n
scamhóg iarainn
A pneumonic device for assisted breathing.

iron ore iron ores n
amhiarann iarnmhian
(mining) A mineral deposit from which iron can be viably extracted.

ironer ironers n
iarnálaí
Someone who irons, someone who does ironing.
A mangle, a device used to iron clothes.

ironmonger /ˈaɪə(ɹ)nˌmʌŋɡə(ɹ)/ ironmongers n
iarnmhangaire iarnóir
(chiefly, British, Irish) A retailer in iron goods and hardware.

ironshot more ironshot most ironshot adj
iarnbhreac

ironstone ironstones n
iarnchloch
Any ore of iron which is impure through the admixture of silica or clay.

ironware ironwares n
earraí iarainn
Articles made of iron, as household utensils, tools, and the like.

irony /ˈaɪ.ɚ.ni/ /ˈaɪ.ɹə.ni/ /ˈaɪə.ɹən.i/ ironies n
íoróin
(rhetoric) The quality of a statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context.

irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/ more irrational most irrational adj
aingiallta
Not rational; unfounded or nonsensical.

irrational number irrational numbers n
uimhir éagóimheasta
(mathematics) Any real number that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers.

irreducible /ˌɪɹɪˈdjuːsɪbəl/ more irreducible most irreducible adj
dochloíte dosháraithe
Not able to be reduced or lessened.
Not able to be brought to a simpler or reduced form.

irrefutable /ɪˈɹɛfjuːtəbəl/ /ɪˈɹɛfjətəbəl/ /ˌɪɹəˈfjuːtəbəl/ /ˌɪɹɪˈfjuːtəbəl/ more irrefutable most irrefutable adj
dobhréagnaithe
undeniable; unable to be disproved or refuted

irregular /ɪˈɹeɡ.jə.lə/ /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/ /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/ more irregular most irregular adj
neamhrialta
nonstandard; not conforming to rules or expectations
mírialta neamhrialta
(grammar, of a word) not following the regular or expected patterns of inflection in a given language

irregularity /ɪˌɹɛ.ɡjəˈlɛɹ.ɪ.ti/ /ɪˌɹɛ.ɡjʊˈlæ.ɹɪ.ti/ irregularities n
mírialtacht neamhrialtacht
(countable) An instance of being irregular.
(uncountable) The state or condition of being irregular, or the extent to which something is irregular.

irrelevancy irrelevancies n
neamhábharthacht
(uncountable) The quality of being irrelevant or inapplicable; lack of pertinence or connection.

irreligious /ˌɪɹɪˈlɪd͡ʒəs/ more irreligious most irreligious adj
díreiligiúnach
Having no relation to religion.
Contrary to religious beliefs and practices.
neamhchráifeach
In conscious rejection of religion.

irrepressible more irrepressible most irrepressible adj
dochloíte
Not containable or controllable.

irresponsibility irresponsibilities n
neamhfhreagracht
The character or state of being irresponsible; lack of or freedom from responsibility; want of accountability.

irresponsible /ˌɪɹ.əˈspɑn.sə.bəl/ /ˌɪɹ.ɪˈspɒn.sə.bəl/ /ˌɪɹ.ɪˈspɔn.sə.bəl/ [ˌɪɹ.ɪˈspɔn.sə.bl̩] more irresponsible most irresponsible adj
neamhfhreagrach
(now, rare) Not responsible; exempt from legal responsibility, not to be held accountable.

irreversible /ˌɪr.ɪˈvɜː.sə.bəl/ /ˌɪr.ɪˈvɝ.sə.bəl/ adj
dochúlaithe
Incapable of being reversed or turned about or back; incapable of being made to run backwards.

irrigate /ˈɪɹəˌɡeɪt/ v
uiscigh
(transitive) To supply (farmland) with water, by building ditches, pipes, etc.

irritability /ˌɪɹɪtəˈbɪlɪti/ irritabilities n
colg colgaí drisíneacht frisnéiseacht gairge greannaitheacht
The state or quality of being irritable; quick excitability

irritable /ˈɪɹɪtəbl̩/ more irritable most irritable adj
greannaitheach
Capable of being irritated.
drisíneach
Easily exasperated or excited.

irritable bowel syndrome n
siondróm putóige greannaithí
(pathology) A functional disorder causing the nerves and muscles of the large intestine to be oversensitive, leading to symptoms such as cramp, bloating, flatulence, diarrhoea and constipation.

irritate /ˈɪɹ.ɪˌteɪt/ v
greannaigh
(intransitive) To cause or induce displeasure or irritation.

irritated /ˈɪɹɪteɪtɪd/ more irritated most irritated adj
múisiamach
Experiencing a feeling of irritation.

is there a smaller size phraseologicalUnit
an bhfuil méid níos lú ann?
Indicates that the speaker needs a smaller size (of clothes or shoes).

island /ˈaɪlənd/ islands n
oileán inis
(by extension, in place names) A contiguous area of land, smaller than a continent, partially surrounded by water; A peninsula; A half-island.
An entity surrounded by other entities that are very different from itself.

islander /ˈaɪləndə/ /ˈaɪləndɚ/ islanders n
oileánach
A person who lives on an island.

islet /ˈaɪ.lət/ islets n
oileáinín
A small island.

islets of Langerhans n
insíní Langerhans
(anatomy, biology) Distinctive regions of tissue in the pancreas, which contain its endocrine cells.

isn't /ˈɪn(t)/ /ˈɪzənt/ [ˈɪzn̩t] v
ní níl
(negative auxiliary)

iso- /aɪsoʊ-/ prefix
isi-
Equal; equivalent.

isobar isobars n
iseabar
(meteorology) A line drawn on a map or chart connecting places of equal or constant pressure.
(nuclear physics) Either of two nuclides of different elements having the same mass number.

isobaric more isobaric most isobaric adj
iseabarach
having the same pressures, masses, or densities
(thermodynamics) (of a process) having a constant pressure throughout

isobath isobaths n
iseabat
A line on a map or chart joining places of equal depth of water; a depth contour.

isochore isochores n
iseacór

isochronal adj
iseacrónach iseacrónúil

isodimorphism n
isi-démhorfacht
isomorphism between the two forms severally of two dimorphous substances

isoelectric adj
isileictreach
Having equal electric potential, or the same number of positive and negative charges.

isogloss /-sə-/ /ˈaɪsoɡlɒs/ /ˈaɪsə(ʊ̯)ɡlɒs/ /ˈaɪsəɡlɑs/ /ˈʌɪ-/ isoglosses n
teoirlíne
(linguistics) A line on a map indicating the geographical boundaries of a linguistic feature.

isolable more isolable most isolable adj
sodhealaithe soscartha
Able to be isolated. [from mid-19th c.]

isolate /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/ /ˈaɪ.sə.lət/ v
aonraigh
(transitive) To set apart or cut off from others.
(transitive) To place in quarantine or isolation.

isolated /ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd/ more isolated most isolated adj
aonarach aonartha aonarúil
Placed or standing apart or alone; in isolation.

isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/ isolations n
iargúltacht leithlis
(chiefly, uncountable) The state of being isolated, detached, or separated; the state of being away from other people.
leithlisiú
The act of isolating.

isolator isolators n
aonraitheoir

isomer /ˈaɪ.sə.mə/ /ˈaɪ.sə.mɚ/ isomers n
isiméir
(physical chemistry) Any of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structure.
(nuclear physics) Any of two or more atomic nuclei with the same mass number and atomic number but with different radioactive properties.

isomeric adj
isiméireach
(physical chemistry, nuclear physics) Being an isomer.
(physical chemistry) Exhibiting isomerism.

isomerism isomerisms n
isiméireacht
(physical chemistry) the phenomenon of the existence of isomers - the existence of different substances with the same molecular formulae

isometric /ˌaɪ.soʊˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ /ˌaɪ.səʊˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ /ˌaɪ.səˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ more isometric most isometric adj
isiméadrach
Of, or exhibiting equality in dimensions.
Of, or being a geometric system of three equal axes lying at right angles to each other (especially in crystallography).

isomorphic /ˌaɪ.soʊˈmɔɹ.fɪk/ /ˌaɪ.səˈmɔː.fɪk/ adj
iseamorfach
(mathematics) Related by an isomorphism; having a structure-preserving one-to-one correspondence.
(biology) Having a similar structure or function to something that is not related genetically or through evolution.
Having identical relevant structure; being structure-preserving while undergoing certain invertible transformations.

isonomia n
iseanóimeacht
Equality before the law; possession of equal rights; equal distribution of rights and privileges.

isopod /ˈaɪ.sə(ʊ)ˌpɒd/ /ˈaɪ.səˌpɒd/ isopods n
iseapód
Any of very many crustaceans, of the order Isopoda, that have a flattened body and no carapace.

isoprene /ˈaɪsə(ʊ)pɹiːn/ /ˈaɪsəˌpɹin/ isoprenes n
isipréin
(organic compound) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C5H8, that is readily polymerized; natural rubber (caoutchouc) is cis-1,4-polyisoprene, and trans-1,4-polyisoprene is present in gutta-percha and balata; it is the structural basis for the terpenes.

isosceles /aɪˈsɒsəliːz/ adj
comhchosach
(geometry) Having (at least) two sides of equal length, used especially of a triangle or trapezoid.

isosceles trapezoid isosceles trapezoids n
traipéisiam comhchosach
A quadrilateral with two parallel sides and a separate pair of congruent sides which are not parallel.

isosceles triangle isosceles triangles n
triantán comhchosach
(geometry) A triangle having at least two sides equal.

isostasy /ʌɪˈsɒstəsi/ isostasies n
iseastacht
(geology) The state of balance or pressure equilibrium thought to exist within the Earth's crust, whereby the upper lithosphere floats on denser magma beneath.

isotherm /ˈaɪ.səʊˌθɜː(ɹ)m/ isotherms n
isiteirm
A line on a graph or chart, such as a weather map, along which all the points have the same temperature.

isothermal adj
isiteirmeach
Of or pertaining to an isotherm

isotope /ˈaɪ.sə.toʊp/ /ˈaɪ.sə.təʊp/ isotopes n
iseatóp
(nuclear physics) Any of two or more forms of an element where the atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons within their nuclei. Thus, isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number.

isotopic adj
iseatópach
(chemistry, physics) of, or relating to isotopes

isotropic adj
iseatrópach
(physics) Having properties that are identical in all directions; exhibiting isotropy

issuance /ˈɪʃ(j)uəns/ issuances n
eisiúint
The act of issuing, or giving out.

issue /ˈɪsjuː/ /ˈɪʃ(j)u/ /ˈɪʃ(j)uː/ /ˈɪʃʉː/ [ˈɪʃïɯ] issues n
eagrán
The entire set of some item printed and disseminated during a certain period, particularly (publishing) a single printing of a particular edition of a work when contrasted with other print runs.
eisiúint
The action or an instance of sending something out, particularly:
ceist
(US, originally, _, psychology, usually, in the plural) A psychological or emotional difficulty, (now, _, informal, figurative, _, and, _) any problem or concern considered as a vague and intractable difficulty.
deacracht
(law) A point of law or fact in dispute or question in a legal action presented for resolution by the court.

issue /ˈɪsjuː/ /ˈɪʃ(j)u/ /ˈɪʃ(j)uː/ /ˈɪʃʉː/ [ˈɪʃïɯ] v
eisigh
To send out; to put into circulation.
To deliver by authority.

isthmus /ˈɪs.məs/ /ˈɪst.məs/ /ˈɪsθ.məs/ /ˈɪz.məs/ isthmi isthmuses n
cuing
(landforms) A narrow strip of land, bordered on both sides by water, and connecting two larger landmasses.

it /ɘt/ /ət/ /ɪt/ [ɪt] [ɪ̈t] [ɪ̈ʔ] pronoun
sé é sí ea í
The third-person singular neuter personal pronoun used to refer to an inanimate object, abstract entity, or non-human living thing.
sé
The impersonal pronoun, used without referent as the subject of an impersonal verb or statement (known as the dummy pronoun, dummy it or weather it).
é í
The impersonal pronoun, used as a placeholder for a delayed subject, or less commonly, object; known as the dummy pronoun (according to some definitions), anticipatory it or, more formally in linguistics, a syntactic expletive. The delayed subject is commonly a to-infinitive, a gerund, or a noun clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction.

it doesn't matter phraseologicalUnit
miste
It is not important; do not fret (used to reassure or comfort the person to whom it is said).

it takes one to know one proverb
aithníonn ciaróg ciaróg eile
(idiomatic) expressing the same underlying character-judgment themes as pot calling the kettle black or set a thief to catch a thief.

italic /aɪˈtælɪk/ /ɪˈtælɪk/ adj
iodálach
(typography, of a typeface or font) Designed to resemble a handwriting style developed in Italy in the 16th century.

italic /aɪˈtælɪk/ /ɪˈtælɪk/ italics n
cló iodálach iodálaigh
(typography) A typeface in which the letters slant to the right.

itinerant /aɪˈtɪnɚənt/ itinerants n
fear siúil
One who travels from place to place.

its /ɪts/ pronoun
a
The one (or ones) belonging to it. [from 17th c.]

ivied /ˈaɪviːd/ more ivied most ivied adj
eidhneach eidhneánach
Overgrown with ivy or another climbing plant.

ivorine /ˈʌɪvəɹiːn/ ivorines n
eabhairín
A type of man-made imitation ivory.

ivory /ˈaɪv(ə)ɹi/ adj
eabhair
Made of ivory.
eabhartha
Resembling or having the colour of ivory.

ivory /ˈaɪv(ə)ɹi/ ivories n
eabhar
(uncountable) The hard white form of dentin which forms the tusks of elephants, walruses and other animals.
Something made from or resembling ivory.
(collective, singular or in plural) The teeth.
(collective, singular or in plural) The keys of a piano.
(slang, ethnic slur) A white person.
(informal) A die (object bearing numbers, thrown in games of chance).
eabhar dath an eabhair
A creamy white color, the color of ivory.

ivy /ˈaɪvi/ ivies n
eidhneán eidheann eidhneachán
Any of several woody, climbing, or trailing evergreen plants of the genus Hedera.

jab /d͡ʒæb/ jabs n
sonc sáiteán
A quick stab or blow; a poking or thrusting motion.
buille dorn smitín
(boxing) A short straight punch.
instealladh
(British) A medical hypodermic injection (vaccination or inoculation)

jab /d͡ʒæb/ v
dírigh prioc sáigh tabhair priocadh do tabhair sonc do
To poke or thrust abruptly, or to make such a motion.
tabhair smitín
To deliver a quick punch.
insteall tabhair instealladh do
(slang, UK) To give someone an injection.

jack-o'-lantern /ˈdʒæk.oʊˌlæn.tɚn/ /ˈdʒæk.əʊˌlæn.tən/ /ˈdʒæk.əˌlæn.tɚn/ jack-o'-lanterns n
Seán na gealaí
A carved pumpkin whose top and stem have been cut out and interior removed, leaving a hollow shell that is then decorated to represent a face, illuminated from within by a candle. It is a symbol of Halloween.

jackal /ˈd͡ʒækəl/ jackals n
seacál
Any of certain wild canids of the genera Lupulella and Canis, native to the tropical Old World and smaller than a wolf.

jackdaw /ˈdʒækˌdɔː/ /ˈd͡ʒækˌdɑ/ /ˈd͡ʒækˌdɔ/ jackdaws n
cág
A European bird (Coloeus monedula) of the crow family, often nesting in church towers and ruins.

jacket /ˈd͡ʒæk.ət/ /ˈd͡ʒæk.ɪt/ jackets n
seaicéad casóg
A piece of clothing worn on the upper body outside a shirt or blouse, often waist length to thigh length.
cásáil
A protective or insulating cover for an object (e.g. a book, hot water tank, bullet.)

jacket /ˈd͡ʒæk.ət/ /ˈd͡ʒæk.ɪt/ v
cumhdaigh
(transitive) To enclose or encase in a jacket or other covering. [from 19th c.]

jackfruit jackfruit jackfruits n
crann seacthorthaí seacthoradh
The large fruit from this tree.

jackstaff jackstaffs jackstaves n
slat bhrataí
(nautical) a short spar, at the bows of a ship, that serves as a flagpole to fly a flag (a jack)

jacuzzi /d͡ʒəˈkuːzi/ jacuzzis n
tobán cuilithe
A hot tub or whirlpool bath with underwater jets that massage the body.

jade /d͡ʒeɪd/ jades n
séad
A semiprecious stone, either nephrite or jadeite, generally green or white in color, often used for carving figurines.
A bright shade of slightly bluish or greyish green, typical of polished jade stones.
A succulent plant, Crassula ovata.

jaguar /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.(j)u.ɑɹ/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.juː.ɑː/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.juː.ə/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.jʊə/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.waɪɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.wɑɹ/ jaguars n
iaguar
A carnivorous spotted large cat native to South and Central America, Panthera onca.

jaguarundi jaguarundis n
iaguarúndaí
A medium-sized Central and South American wild cat, Puma yagouaroundi, Herpailurus yagouaroundi or Felis yagouaroundi.

jailer /ˈd͡ʒeɪlə(ɹ)/ jailers n
séiléir
One who enforces confinement in a jail or prison.

jam /ˈdʒæːm/ /ˈd͡ʒæm/ [ˈd͡ʒeəm] jams n
subh
(less common in the, _, US, &, Canada) A sweet mixture of fruit boiled with sugar and allowed to congeal. Often spread on bread or toast or used in jam tarts.

jam /ˈdʒæːm/ /ˈd͡ʒæm/ [ˈd͡ʒeəm] v
plúch
To block or confuse a radio or radar signal by transmitting a more-powerful signal on the same frequency.

jamb /d͡ʒæm/ jambs n
ursain
(architecture, interior decorating, carpentry) Either of the vertical components that form the side of an opening in a wall, such as that of a door frame, window frame, or fireplace.

jambon /d͡ʒæmˈbɒn/ jambons n
siamban
(Ireland, British) A square puff pastry containing ham and cheese.

janissary /-səɹi/ /ˈdʒanɪzəɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænəˌzeɹi/ /ˈja-/ janissaries n
Ianasóir
(by extension) Any Turkish soldier, particularly one escorting a traveller.
(historical) An infantry soldier, often of European Christian background from the Balkans as well as Eastern Europe and forcibly converted to Islam, in a former elite Turkish (Ottoman) guard (disbanded in 1826).

janitor /ˈd͡ʒænɪtə/ /ˈd͡ʒænɪtɚ/ janitors n
doirseoir
A doorman.

janitress janitresses n
bandoirseoir
a female janitor

japan /d͡ʒəˈpæn/ v
seapán
(transitive) To varnish with japan.

jargon /ˈdʒɑː.ɡən/ /ˈd͡ʒɑɹ.ɡən/ jargons n
béarlagair
(uncountable) A technical terminology unique to a particular subject.
(countable) A language characteristic of a particular group.
dríodar cainte gibiris
(uncountable) Speech or language that is incomprehensible or unintelligible; gibberish.

jasper /ˈdʒæs.pə/ /ˈd͡ʒæs.pɚ/ jaspers n
seaspar
(obsolete) Any bright-coloured kind of chalcedony apart from cornelian.
An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking conchoidally with a smooth surface.
Jasperware pottery.

jaundice /ˈd͡ʒændɚz/ /ˈd͡ʒɑndɚz/ /ˈd͡ʒɔndɚz/ /ˈd͡ʒɔndɪs/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːndɪs/ jaundices n
buíochán
(pathology) A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine. [from early 14th c.]

jaundiced /ˈd͡ʒɔːndɪst/ more jaundiced most jaundiced adj
buí
(pathology) Affected with jaundice.

jaunting car jaunting cars n
carr cliathánach
(historical) A kind of low-set horse-drawn open vehicle, used in Ireland, in which the passengers ride sideways, sitting back to back.

javelin /ˈd͡ʒæv.(ə.)lɪn/ javelins n
sleá
A light spear thrown with the hand and used as a weapon.

jaw /d͡ʒɑ/ /d͡ʒɔ/ /d͡ʒɔː/ jaws n
giall
One of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form the framework of the mouth.
draid
One of a pair of opposing parts which are movable towards or from each other, for grasping or crushing anything between them.

jay /ˈd͡ʒeɪ/ jays n
jé
The name of the Latin-script letter J/j.
scréachóg
Any of various other birds of similar appearance and behaviour.

jazz /d͡ʒæz/ jazzes n
snagcheol
(music genre) A musical art form rooted in West African cultural and musical expression and in the African American blues tradition, with diverse influences over time, commonly characterized by blue notes, syncopation, swing, call and response, polyrhythms and improvisation.

jealous /ˈd͡ʒɛləs/ jealouser jealousest more jealous most jealous adj
éadmhar éad a bheith agat/ort
Suspecting rivalry in love; troubled by worries that one might have been replaced in someone's affections; suspicious of a lover's or spouse's fidelity. [from 13th c.]
Protective; zealously guarding; careful in the protection of something (or someone) one has or appreciates, especially one's spouse or lover. [from 14th c.]
Envious; feeling resentful or angered toward someone for a perceived advantage or success, material or otherwise. [from 14th c.]

jealousy /ˈd͡ʒɛləsi/ jealousies n
formad
(archaic) A close concern for someone or something, solicitude, vigilance.
(countable, uncountable) A state of being jealous; a jealous attitude.

jeans /d͡ʒiːnz/ n
brístí géine jíons
denim trousers

jeep /d͡ʒiːp/ jeeps n
jíp
(genericized trademark) A sport utility vehicle or similar four-wheel-drive vehicle.

jejunum /dʒɪˈdʒuːnəm/ jejuna jejunums n
aoineán
(anatomy) The central of the three divisions of the small intestine which lies between the duodenum and the ileum

jellyfish /ˈd͡ʒɛliˌfɪʃ/ jellyfish jellyfishes n
smugairle róin
An almost transparent aquatic animal; any one of the acalephs, especially one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance.

jennet /ˈdʒɛnɪt/ jennets n
capaillín Spáinneach
A small Spanish horse.

jersey /ˈd͡ʒɜːzi/ /ˈd͡ʒɝzi/ jerseys n
geansaí
(countable) A garment knitted from wool, worn over the upper body.
(countable, US) A shirt worn by a member of an athletic team, usually oversized, typically depicting the athlete's name and team number as well as the team's logotype.
geirsí
(uncountable) A type of fabric knit.

jet /d͡ʒɛt/ jets n
scaird
An engine that propels a vehicle using a stream of fluid as propulsion.

jet lag jet lags n
tuirse aerthaistil
(aviation) A physical condition caused by crossing time zones during flight; often the result of disruption to the circadian rhythms of the body.

jet stream jet streams n
scairdsruth
(meteorology) any of the high-speed, high-altitude air currents that circle the Earth in a westerly direction

jewel /d͡ʒul/ /d͡ʒʉ.əl/ /d͡ʒʉl/ /ˈd͡ʒu.əl/ /ˈd͡ʒuːl/ /ˈd͡ʒuːəl/ /ˈd͡ʒʊəl/ jewels n
seoid
A precious or semi-precious stone; gem, gemstone.
A valuable object used for personal ornamentation, especially one made of precious metals and stones; a piece of jewellery.
(figuratively) Anything precious or valuable.

jib /d͡ʒɪb/ jibs n
géag
The projecting arm of a crane.
jib seol cinn seol jibe éadach cinn
(nautical, usually with a modifier) Any of a variety of specialty triangular staysails set forward of the foremast.

jib /d͡ʒɪb/ v
cos a chur i dtaca stailc a chur suas éirigh stalcánta
(figuratively) To stop doing something, to become reluctant to proceed with an activity.

jig /d͡ʒɪɡ/ jigs n
port
(traditional English Morris, _, dancing) A dance performed by one or sometimes two individual dancers, as opposed to a dance performed by a set or team.

jihad /d͡ʒəˈhɑːd/ /d͡ʒɪˈhæd/ /d͡ʒɪˈhɑːd/ /ˈd͡ʒiːhæd/ /ˈd͡ʒiːhɑːd/ jihads n
jiohád
(Islam) A holy war undertaken by Muslims.

jihadist more jihadist most jihadist adj
jiohádach
Pertaining to the Islamic fundamentalist doctrine of jihadism, which advocates armed jihad.

jihadist jihadists n
jiohádach
One who participates in a jihad, an Islamic holy war or conflict; a mujahid.

job /d͡ʒɑb/ /d͡ʒɒb/ jobs n
jab
A task.
(computing) A task, or series of tasks, carried out in batch mode (especially on a mainframe computer).
obair jab post
An economic role for which a person is paid.

job center job centers n
jabionad
(business) An agency, often a government agency, that tries to find a job for working-age people.

jobbing jobbings n
jabaireacht
Work carried out by the job; piecework, odd-job work. [from 18th c.]

jockey /ˈdʒɒki/ jockeys n
eachaí jacaí marcach
One who rides racehorses competitively.

jockstrap /ˈd͡ʒɑkstɹæp/ /ˈd͡ʒɒkstɹæp/ jockstraps n
bléinbheart
(sports) An athletic supporter worn by men and boys to support the genitals during strenuous exercise.

joey /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.i/ joeys n
cangarú óg
Ellipsis of joey word.

joiner /ˈd͡ʒɔɪnə/ /ˈd͡ʒɔɪnɚ/ joiners n
siúinéir
A maker of wooden furniture or fittings.

joinery joineries n
siúinéireacht
The work of the joiner.

joist /d͡ʒɔɪst/ joists n
giarsa
A piece of timber or steel laid horizontally, or nearly so, to which the planks of the floor, or the laths or furring strips of a ceiling, are nailed.

joke /d͡ʒoʊk/ /d͡ʒəʊk/ jokes n
cleas
Something said or done for amusement, not in seriousness.

joker /ˈd͡ʒoʊkɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊkə/ jokers n
áilteoir
A person who makes jokes.
buachaill mór cleasaí fear na gcrúb
A playing card that features a picture of a joker (that is, a jester) and that may be used as a wild card in some card games.

joss stick joss sticks n
bata túise
A stick of incense, especially (China, _, Taoism, Buddhism, etc.) those burned as an offering before a Chinese shrine.

jostaberry jostaberries n
iostachaor
A fruit made by crossing several members of the Ribes genus, including blackcurrant and gooseberry.

jot /d͡ʒɑt/ /d͡ʒɒt/ jots n
ruainne
The smallest letter or stroke of any writing; an iota.

journal /ˈd͡ʒɜːnəl/ /ˈd͡ʒɝnəl/ journals n
dialann
A diary or daily record of a person, organization, vessel etc.; daybook.
(accounting) A chronological record of payments or receipts.
(computing) A chronological record of changes made to a database or other system; along with a backup or image copy that allows recovery after a failure or reinstatement to a previous time; a log.
nuachtán
A newspaper or magazine dealing with a particular subject.

journalist /ˈd͡ʒɜːnəlɪst/ /ˈd͡ʒɝnəlɪst/ journalists n
iriseoir
One whose occupation is journalism, originally only writing in the printed press.

journey /ˈd͡ʒɜːni/ /ˈd͡ʒɝni/ journeys n
aistear slí
A set amount of travelling, seen as a single unit; a discrete trip, a voyage.

journey /ˈd͡ʒɜːni/ /ˈd͡ʒɝni/ v
eachtraigh
To travel, to make a trip or voyage.

joviality /d͡ʒoʊviˈælɪti/ jovialities n
meidhir
The state of being jovial; jollity or conviviality.

joy /d͡ʒɔɪ/ joys n
áthas lúcháir
A feeling of extreme happiness or cheerfulness, especially related to the acquisition or expectation of something good.

joyful /ˈd͡ʒɔɪfəl/ joyfuller joyfullest more joyful most joyful adj
aiteasach lainneach seaghsach subhach suáilceach urghairdeach
Feeling or causing joy.

joyless more joyless most joyless adj
dúchroíoch
without joy; unhappy, sad

joylessness joylessnesses n
duairceas duáilce duáilceas gruaim
The state or condition of being joyless; lack of joy.

joyride /ˈd͡ʒɔɪˌɹaɪd/ joyrides n
spraoithiomáint
An instance of driving a motor vehicle in a carefree or reckless manner, especially a vehicle which has been taken without the permission of the owner.

joyrider joyriders n
spraoithiománaí tiománaí bradach tiománaí teaspaigh
A person who goes on a joyride

judge /d͡ʒʌd͡ʒ/ judges n
breitheamh
A public official whose duty it is to administer the law, especially by presiding over trials and rendering judgments; a justice.
A person who decides the fate of someone or something that has been called into question.

judgement day judgement days n
Lá an Bhreithiúnais
(Christianity, Islam, Judaism) The final trial of all humankind, both the living and the dead, by God expected to take place at the end of the world, when each is rewarded or punished according to their merits; the Final Judgment, the Last Judgment.

judgeship judgeships n
breithiúnacht
The office or status of a judge.

judicature /d͡ʒʊˈdɪkət͡ʃə/ /ˈd͡ʒuːdɪkət͡ʃə/ /ˈd͡ʒuːdɪˌkeɪt͡ʃɚ/ judicatures n
breithiúnacht
The office or authority of a judge; jurisdiction. [from 16th c.]

judicial /d͡ʒuˈdɪʃəl/ more judicial most judicial adj
breithiúnach
Of or relating to the court system or the judicial branch of government.

judicious /dʒuˈdɪʃ.əs/ more judicious most judicious adj
stuama tuisceanach
Having, characterized by, or done with good judgment or sound thinking.

judo /ˈd͡ʒudoʊ/ /ˈd͡ʒuːdəʊ/ n
júdó
A Japanese martial art and sport adapted from jujutsu.

jug /d͡ʒʌɡ/ jugs n
crúsca
A serving vessel or container, typically circular in cross-section and typically higher than it is wide, with a relatively small mouth or spout, an ear handle and often a stopper or top.

jugular vein jugular veins n
cuingealach féith chuingealach féith scornaigh
(anatomy) Any of several veins on each side of the neck, which drain the brain, face and neck of deoxygenated blood.

juice /d͡ʒus/ /d͡ʒuːs/ /d͡ʒɪʊ̯s/ /ˈd͡ʒʉs/ juices n
sú
(uncountable) A liquid from a plant, especially fruit.
(countable) A beverage made of juice.
(uncountable) Any liquid resembling juice.

juicy /ˈd͡ʒuːsi/ juicier juiciest adj
méith súmhar
Having lots of juice.

jumble sale jumble sales n
margadh mangarae
(British) A sale of used goods by individuals operating tables or stalls, usually held indoors and open to the public.

jump /d͡ʒʌmp/ [d͡ʒɐm̥p] jumps n
geit
An instance of reacting to a sudden stimulus by jerking the body.

jump /d͡ʒʌmp/ [d͡ʒɐm̥p] v
léim
(intransitive) To propel oneself rapidly upward, downward and/or in any horizontal direction such that momentum causes the body to become airborne.

jump on the bandwagon v
dul faoi uisce an cheatha
(idiomatic) To profit from a craze; to join a trend.

jump seat jump seats n
suíochán infhillte

jump the queue v
an scuaine a shárú
To move into a queue ahead of others who have been waiting longer or that have a higher priority; push in.

jump to conclusions v
déan dóigh de do bharúil
(idiomatic) To make conclusions before being presented with all the evidence.

jumper /ˈd͡ʒʊmpə/ /ˈd͡ʒʌmpə/ /ˈd͡ʒʌmpɚ/ jumpers n
léimneoir
Someone or something that jumps, e.g. a participant in a jumping event in track or skiing.
geansaí
(chiefly, British, Australian, New Zealand) A woollen sweater or pullover.

junco /ˈd͡ʒʌŋkoʊ/ /ˈd͡ʒʌŋkəʊ/ juncoes juncos n
luachairín
Any bird of the genus Junco, which includes several species of North American sparrow.

junction /ˈd͡ʒʌŋkʃən/ junctions n
acomhal
A place where two things meet, especially where two roads meet.

juncture /ˈd͡ʒʌŋk.tʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈd͡ʒʌŋk.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒʌŋk.ʃɚ/ junctures n
acomhal
A place where things join, a junction.

jungle /ˈd͡ʒʌŋ.ɡ(ə)l/ jungles n
dufair
A large, undeveloped, humid forest, especially in a tropical region, that is home to many wild plants and animals; a tropical rainforest.
ceol dufaire
(music genre, uncountable) A style of electronic dance music and precursor of drum and bass.

jungle gym jungle gyms n
barraí moncaí
(US, Israel) A play structure designed for children to climb on, traditionally constructed as a frame of metal bars as introduced in 1920.

juniper /ˈd͡ʒunɪpə/ /ˈd͡ʒunɪpɚ/ [ˈd͡ʒunɪ̈pɚ] junipers n
aiteal biora leacra iúr binne iúr creige
Any shrub or tree of the genus Juniperus of the cypress family, which is characterized by pointed, needle-like leaves and aromatic berry-like cones.

juniper berry juniper berries n
caor aitil
The berrylike female seed cone produced by the various species of junipers.

junk /d͡ʒʌŋk/ junks n
siunca
(nautical) A Chinese sailing vessel.

junk food junk foods n
mearbhia
(informal) Food with little or no nutritional value.

junta /ˈdʒʊntə/ /ˈdʒʌntə/ /ˈhʊntə/ /ˈhʌntə/ juntas n
giunta
The ruling council of a military dictatorship.

jurisdiction /d͡ʒɔːɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/ /d͡ʒɔːɹɪz-/ /d͡ʒɝɪsˈdɪkʃən/ /d͡ʒɝɪz-/ /d͡ʒʊəɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/ /d͡ʒʊəɹɪz-/ /d͡ʒʊɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/ /d͡ʒʊɹɪz-/ jurisdictions n
urlámhas
The power, right, or authority to interpret and apply the law.
The power or right to exercise authority.
údarás
The limits or territory within which authority may be exercised.

jurisprudence /ˈd͡ʒʊəɹɪsˌpɹuːdəns/ /ˌd͡ʒʊəɹɪsˈpɹuːdəns/ jurisprudences n
dlí-eolaíocht
(legal) The theoretical study of law.

jury /ˈd͡ʒuːɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒɚ.i/ /ˈd͡ʒʉːɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒʊəɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒʊɹi/ juries n
giúiré
(law) A group of individuals chosen from the general population to hear and decide a case in a court of law.

just /d͡ʒəs(t)/ /d͡ʒɛst/ /d͡ʒɪst/ /d͡ʒʌst/ adv
go díreach
Exactly, precisely, perfectly.

just now adv
anois beag
(set phrase) Very close to the present moment; just a moment ago.

justice /ˈd͡ʒʌstɪs/ justices n
giúistís
A title given to judges of certain courts; capitalized when placed before a name.

justification /ˌd͡ʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ justifications n
réasún
(countable) A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence.

jute /d͡ʒuːt/ jutes n
siúit
The coarse, strong fiber of the East Indian plants, Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis, used to make mats, paper, gunny cloth etc.
The plants from which this fibre is obtained.

juvenile /ˈd͡ʒuːvənaɪl/ /ˈd͡ʒuːvənəl/ more juvenile most juvenile adj
sóisearach óigeanta
Young; not fully developed.
Characteristic of youth or immaturity; childish.

juvenile /ˈd͡ʒuːvənaɪl/ /ˈd͡ʒuːvənəl/ juveniles n
ógánach
A prepubescent child.

juxtaposition /ˌd͡ʒʌk.stə.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ juxtapositions n
neas-suíomh
(mathematics) An absence of operators in an expression.

kale /keɪl/ /kæɪl/ kales n
cál
An edible plant, similar to cabbage, with curled leaves that do not form a dense head (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

kangaroo /kæŋ.ɡə.ˈɹuː/ kangaroos n
cangarú
A member of the Macropodidae family of large marsupials with strong hind legs for hopping, native to Australia. [from 18th c.]

kangaroo court /ˌkæŋɡəˌɹu ˈkɔɹt/ /ˌkæŋɡəˌɹuː ˈkɔːt/ kangaroo courts n
cúirt bhradach
(originally, US, idiomatic) A judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding, or a group of people which conducts such proceedings, which is without proper authority, and often acts abusively or decides unjustly. [from mid 19th c.]

kangaroo rat kangaroo rats n
cangarú francaigh francach cangarú
Any of many different species in genus Dipodomys, rodents that move about by hopping.

kanji /ˈkaːnd͡ʒi/ /ˈkænd͡ʒi/ /ˈkɑnd͡ʒi/ kanji kanjis n
Ceansaí
Any individual Chinese character as used in the Japanese language.

kapok /ˈkeɪpɒk/ /ˈkeɪˌpɑk/ /ˈkɑːpəʊk/ [ˈkɑːpəʊʔ] kapoks n
capac capóc
A silky fibre obtained from seed pods of the silk-cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra) used for insulation and stuffing for mattresses, pillows, etc.

karst /kɑɹst/ /kɑːst/ karsts n
boireann carst
(geology) A type of land formation, usually with many caves formed through the dissolving of limestone by underground drainage.

kay /ˈkeɪ/ kays n
cá
The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.

kazoo /kə.ˈzuː/ kazoos n
casú
(musical instrument) A simple musical instrument (a membranophone) consisting of a pipe with a hole in it, producing a buzzing sound when the player hums into it.

keen /kin/ /kiːn/ keener keenest more keen most keen adj
amhnas

keep /kiːp/ [kʰip̚] keeps n
daingean doinsiún
(historical) The main tower of a castle or fortress, located within the castle walls.

keep /kiːp/ [kʰip̚] v
coimeád coinnigh
(ditransitive) To maintain the condition of; to preserve in a certain state.
coinnigh
To supply with necessities and financially support (a person).
coimeád coinnigh comhlíon cumhdaigh
(transitive) To observe; to adhere to; to fulfill; to not swerve from or violate.

keep back v
coisc
(transitive) To restrict or restrain.

keep up with v
coinnigh suas le
To manage to remain beside or just behind someone or something that is moving away from one.

keeper /ˈkiːpə/ /ˈkiːpɚ/ keepers n
coimeádaí maor
A person charged with guarding or caring for, storing, or maintaining something; a custodian, a guard; sometimes a gamekeeper.

kelp /kɛlp/ kelps n
ceilp
Any of several large brown algae seaweeds (order Laminariales).

kelpie kelpies n
each-uisge
(Celtic mythology) A malevolent shapeshifting spirit, most often in the form of a horse, believed to haunt the rivers and lochs of Scotland.

kennel /ˈkɛ.nəl/ kennels n
conchró cró madra
A house or shelter for a dog.
conchró coinneála
A facility at which dogs are reared or boarded.
conairt
(UK, collective) The dogs kept at such a facility; a pack of hounds.

keratin /ˈkɛrətɪn/ keratins n
ceiritin
(protein) The protein of which hair and nails are composed.

kerb /kɜːb/ /kɝb/ kerbs n
colbha
(British, AU, NZ) The raised edge between the pavement and the roadway, typically made of concrete though originally consisting of a line of kerbstones.

kerchief /ˈkɜː.tʃiːf/ /ˈkɜː.tʃɪf/ /ˈkɝ.t͡ʃif/ /ˈkɝ.t͡ʃɪf/ kerchiefs kerchieves n
brat cinn bréidín cafarr ciarsúr
(dated) A piece of cloth used to cover the head; a bandana.

kermes oak kermes oaks n
dair cheirmise
An oak, Quercus coccifera, native to the western Mediterranean region and growing 1-6 meters tall.

kernel /ˈkɜːnəl/ /ˈkɝnəl/ kernels n
eithne
The core, center, or essence of an object or system.

kernel of truth kernels of truth n
iarracht den fhírinne

kerning /ˈkɜːnɪŋ/ /ˈkɝnɪŋ/ kernings n
coirneáil
(typography) The adjustment of the horizontal space between selected pairs of glyphs in a typeface.

kerosene /ˈkɛɹəsiːn/ kerosenes n
ceirisín
A thin colorless, blue- or straw-colored petroleum-based fuel heavier than gasoline/petrol or naptha but lighter than diesel, used primarily as jet fuel but also for heating and lighting in some remote or impoverished areas.

kestrel /ˈkɛstɹəl/ kestrels n
pocaire gaoithe
Any of various small falcons of the genus Falco that hover while hunting.
bod gaoithe bodaire gaoithe pocaire gaoithe pocaire gaoithe coiteann seabhac buí seabhac gaoithe
The common kestrel, Falco tinnunculus.

ketchup /ˈkɛt͡ʃ.əp/ /ˈkɛt͡ʃ.ʌp/ ketchups n
citseap
(uncountable, chiefly, US, Canada, UK) Ellipsis of tomato ketchup. A tomato-vinegar-based sauce, sometimes containing spices, onion or garlic, and (especially in the US) sweeteners.

kettle /ˈkɛ.təl/ /ˈkɪtəl/ [ˈkʰɛtᵊɫ̩] [ˈkʰɛɾɫ̩] kettles n
citeal
A vessel for boiling a liquid or cooking food, usually metal and equipped with a lid.

kettledrum kettledrums n
tiompán citealdruma
(musical instruments) A large percussion instrument with a drumhead that is stretched over a hemispherical metal bowl.

kettledrummer kettledrummers n
tiompánaí
A musician who plays the kettledrum.

key /ki/ /kiː/ [cʰi̞i̯] [kʲʰi̞i̯] more key most key adj
eochair príomh-
Indispensable, supremely important.
eochair
Important, salient.

key /ki/ /kiː/ [cʰi̞i̯] [kʲʰi̞i̯] keys n
eochair
An object designed to open and close a lock.
A crucial step or requirement.
In instruments with a keyboard such as an organ or piano, one of the levers, or especially the exposed front end of it, which are depressed to cause a particular sound or note to be produced.
In musical instruments, one of the valve levers used to select notes, such as a lever opening a hole on a woodwind.
(cryptography) A piece of information (e.g., a password or passphrase) used to encode or decode a message or messages.
(databases) In a relational database, a field used as an index into another table (not necessarily unique).
(computing) A value that uniquely identifies an entry in a container.
(biology) A series of logically organized groups of discriminating information which aims to allow the user to correctly identify a taxon.
cae
One of a string of small islands.
eochair cnaipe
(computing) One of several small, usually square buttons on a typewriter or computer keyboard, mostly corresponding to text characters.
eochair gléas
(music) A scale or group of pitches constituting the basis of a musical composition.

key fob key fobs n
siogairlín eochrach
An item carried on a key ring either as decoration or for security.

keyboard /ˈki.bɔɹd/ /ˈkiː.bɔːd/ keyboards n
eochairchlár méarchlár luibheanchlár
(computing, etc.) A set of keys used to operate a typewriter, computer etc.
(music) A component of many instruments including the piano, organ, and harpsichord consisting of usually black and white keys that cause different tones to be produced when struck.
(music) A device with keys of a musical keyboard, used to control electronic sound-producing devices which may be built into or separate from the keyboard device.

keyboard shortcut keyboard shortcuts n
aicearra méarchláir
(computing) A key, or more usually a combination of keys, on the keyboard of a personal computer that activates a specific, predefined function.

keyhole /ˈkiˌhoʊl/ keyholes n
poll eochrach
Any small opening resembling the hole for a key in shape or function; especially, one that gives a vista of, or access to, a space beyond.

keypad /ˈkiːpæd/ keypads n
eochaircheap
A small board with keys primarily used for tactile input into a machine.

khat /kat/ /kæt/ /kɑːt/ khats n
cait
A shrub, Catha edulis, whose leaves are used as a mild stimulant when chewed or brewed as tea; also a drug produced from this plant.

kick /kɪk/ [kʰɪk] kicks n
speach cic
A hit or strike with the leg, foot or knee.

kick /kɪk/ [kʰɪk] v
ciceáil
(transitive) To strike or hit with the foot or other extremity of the leg.
(transitive) To direct to a particular place by a blow with the foot or leg.

kid /kɪd/ kids n
meannán
A young goat.
(uncountable) The meat of a young goat.

kidnap /ˈkɪdnæp/ kidnaps n
fuadach
The crime, or an instance, of kidnapping.

kidney /ˈkɪdni/ kidneys n
duán
An organ in the body that filters the blood, producing urine.

kidney bean kidney beans n
pónaire dhuánach pónaire fhada
A common bean of a cultivar of (Phaseolus vulgaris), with a dark-red skin.

kill /kɪl/ [kʰɪo̯] [kʰɪɫ] [kʰɪʊ̯] v
maraigh
(transitive) To put to death; to extinguish the life of.
meil
(transitive) To use up or to waste.

kill two birds with one stone v
dhá éan a mharú leis an urchar amháin
(idiomatic) To solve two problems with one single action.

killdeer /ˈkɪldɪə/ /ˈkɪldɪɹ/ killdeer killdeers n
feadóg ghlórach
A North American plover (Charadrius vociferus) with a distinctive cry and territorial behavior that includes feigning injury to attract predators and spare the young in the nest.

killer /ˈkɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɪlɚ/ [ˈkʰɪlə(ɹ)] [ˈkʰɪɫlɚ] killers n
marfóir
One who or that which kills.

kiln /kɪl(n)/ kilns n
áith
An oven or furnace or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, calcining or drying anything; for example, firing ceramics, curing or preserving tobacco, or drying grain.

kilo- prefix
cilea-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 1,000. Symbol: k
(computing) Multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 210 (1024)

kilogram /ˈkɪləɡɹæm/ kilograms n
cileagram
In the International System of Units, the base unit of mass; conceived of as the mass of one litre of water, but now defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.626 070 15 × 10-34 when expressed in units of kg⋅m2⋅s−1. Symbol: kg

kilometre /kəˈlɑmɪtɚ/ /kɪˈlɑmɪtɚ/ /kɪˈlɒmɪtə/ /kɪˈlɔmɪtəɹ/ /ˈkɪləˌmitəɹ/ /ˈkɪləˌmitɚ/ /ˈkɪləˌmiːtə/ kilometres n
ciliméadar
(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 103 metres. Symbol: km

kimono /kəˈmoʊnoʊ/ /kəˈmoʊnə/ [kɪ̈ˈmoʊ̯noʊ̯] [kɪ̈ˈmoʊ̯nə] kimono kimonos n
cimeonó
A traditional Japanese T-shaped, wrapped-front garment with square sleeves and a rectangular body, now generally worn only on formal occasions.

kind /kaɪnd/ kinder kindest adj
cineálta
Affectionate.

kind /kaɪnd/ kinds n
gné sórt
(type theory) The type of a type constructor or a higher-order type operator.

kind of adv
cineál
(idiomatic, colloquial) Slightly; somewhat; sort of.

kindle /ˈkɪn.dəl/ v
adhain fadaigh
(transitive) To start (a fire) or light (a torch, a match, coals, etc.).

kindliness kindlinesses n
caoideanas caoithiúlacht conlacht dailbhe daonnacht duineatacht
The state of feeling kindly towards someone or something, or the actions inspired thereby.

kindling /ˈkɪnd.lɪŋ/ kindlings n
brosna connadh
Small pieces of wood and twigs used to start a fire.

kindly /ˈkaɪndli/ kindlier kindliest adj
duiniúil
(obsolete) Natural; inherent to the kind or race.

kindred spirit kindred spirits n
anamchara
(idiomatic) Someone with the same feelings or attitudes as oneself.

kinesis /ˌkəˈniːsɪs/ kineses n
cinéis
(biology) The movement of an organism in response to an external stimulus.

kinetic /kaɪˈnɛtɪk/ /kɪˈnɛtɪk/ adj
cinéiteach
Relating to motion.
Relating to kinesis or motor function.

kinetic energy kinetic energies n
fuinneamh cinéiteach
(physics) The energy possessed by an object because of its motion, equal (nonrelativistically) to one half the mass of the body times the square of its speed.

kinetics /kɪˈnɛt.ɪks/ n
cinéitic
(mechanics) The branch of mechanics concerned with motion of objects, as well as the reason i.e. the forces acting on such bodies. This, along with kinematics constitute dynamics, which is concerned purely with the effects of forces on moving bodies.
(chemistry) The branch of chemistry that is concerned with the rates of chemical reactions.

king /kiŋ/ /kʰɪŋ/ kings n
rí
A male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy; in an absolute monarchy, the supreme ruler of his nation.
(chess) The principal chess piece, that players seek to threaten with unavoidable capture to result in a victory by checkmate. It is often the tallest piece, with a symbolic crown with a cross at the top.
(card games) A playing card with the letter "K" and the image of a king on it, the thirteenth card in a given suit.
A checker (a piece of checkers/draughts) that reached the farthest row forward, thus becoming crowned (either by turning it upside-down, or by stacking another checker on it) and gaining more freedom of movement.

king cobra king cobras n
rí-chobra
A large venomous snake found in East Asia (Ophiophagus hannah), the longest venomous snake in the world.

kingdom /ˈkɪŋdəm/ kingdoms n
ríocht
A realm having a king and/or queen as its actual or nominal sovereign.

kingfisher /ˈkɪŋˌfɪʃə/ kingfishers n
cruidín
Any of various birds of the suborder Alcedines (or the family Alcedinidae sensu lato), having a large head, short tail and brilliant colouration; they feed mostly on fish.

kingliness kinglinesses n
ríogacht
(uncountable) The state or quality of being kingly.

kingly kinglier kingliest adj
ríoga ríúil
Characteristic of kings, majestic, regal; as befits a king, in the manner of a king.

kingship /ˈkɪŋʃɪp/ kingships n
ríogacht
The dignity, rank or office of a king; the state of being a king.

kipper /ˈkɪpə(ɹ)/ kippers n
scadán leasaithe
A split, salted and smoked herring or salmon.

kiss /kɪs/ [kʰɪs] kisses n
póg
A touch with the lips, usually to express love or affection, or as a greeting.

kiss /kɪs/ [kʰɪs] v
póg
(transitive) To touch with the lips or press the lips against, usually to show love or affection or passion, or as part of a greeting.

kiss my ass interjection
póg mo thóin
(sometimes, vulgar, idiomatic) Go away!; an expression of disdain or dismissal.

kiss of life kisses of life n
análú tarrthála
(idiomatic, UK) Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

kit /kɪt/ kits n
foireann

kitchen /ˈkɪt͡ʃən/ /ˈkɪt͡ʃɪn/ kitchens n
cistin
A room or area for preparing food.
(slang) A public gaming room in a casino.

kitchen paper kitchen papers n
páipéar cistine
(UK) Paper towels intended for kitchen purposes such as absorbing spillages and wrapping sandwiches.

kitchenware kitchenwares n
gréithe cistine
Instruments and utensils found in a kitchen, particularly those associated with the preparation and serving of food.

kite /kaɪt/ kites n
cúr
A bird of prey of the family Accipitridae.
eitleog
(geometry) A polygon resembling the shape of a traditional toy kite (sense 3): a quadrilateral having two pairs of edges of equal length, the edges of each pair touching each other at one end.
(sailing, dated) In a square-rigged ship: originally a sail positioned above a topsail; later a lightweight sail set above the topgallants, such as a studding sail or a jib topsail.

kitefin shark kitefin sharks n
siorc eite eitleoige
A small sharks of the family Dalatiidae, especially of species Dalatias licha.

kitten /ˈkɪtən/ kittens n
piscín puisín
A young cat, especially before sexual maturity (reached at about seven months).

kitty /ˈkɪti/ [ˈkʰɘɾiː] [ˈkʰɪɾi] kitties n
leac
A money pool used for a particular purpose, such as for a card game or for shared expenses.
ciste
(card games) A set of additional cards dealt face down in some games.

kiwi /ˈkiːwi/ kiwi kiwis n
cíobhaí
A flightless bird of the genus Apteryx native to New Zealand.

kiwi fruit kiwi fruit n
cíobhaí
A Chinese gooseberry vine fruit, having a hairy brown skin and dark green (or in the case of the kiwi fruit gold, yellow) flesh with fine black seeds, almost always varieties of Actinidia deliciosa.

knack /næk/ knacks n
féith
A readiness in performance; aptness at doing something. [from 1580]

knapweed /ˈnæpwiːd/ knapweeds n
bata cogaidh mínscoth
especially Centaurea nigra.

knave /neɪv/ knaves n
cuireata
(cards) A playing card marked with the figure of a servant or soldier; a jack.

knawel knawels n
cabhair Mhuire
Scleranthus annuus, common in sandy soil.

knee /kniː/ /ni/ /niː/ kneen knees n
glúin
In humans, the joint or the region of the joint in the middle part of the leg between the thigh and the shank.

knee pad knee pads n
pillín glún
A protective garment worn on a knee to protect it from injury, for example due to a blow or a fall.

kneecap /ˈniːˌkæp/ kneecaps n
gealacán glúine caipín glúine gealacán
(anatomy) The flat, roundish bone in the knee.

kneel /niːl/ v
bí ar do ghlúine sléacht téigh ar do ghlúine
(intransitive) To rest on one's bent knees, sometimes only one; to move to such a position.

knife /naɪf/ knives n
scian
A utensil or a tool designed for cutting, consisting of a flat piece of hard material, usually steel or other metal (the blade), usually sharpened on one edge, attached to a handle. The blade may be pointed for piercing.
A weapon designed with the aforementioned specifications intended for slashing and/or stabbing and too short to be called a sword. A dagger.
Any blade-like part in a tool or a machine designed for cutting, such as that of a chipper.

knight /naɪt/ knights n
ridire
(by extension) An armored and mounted warrior of the Middle Ages.
(modern) A person on whom a knighthood has been conferred by a monarch.
(chess) A chess piece, often in the shape of a horse's head, that is moved two squares in one direction and one at right angles to that direction in a single move, leaping over any intervening pieces.

knighthood knighthoods n
ridireacht
An honour whereby one is made into a knight, and one can thereafter be called "Sir"
The quality of being a knight.

knightly /ˈnaɪtli/ knightlier knightliest adj
ridiriúil
Befitting a knight; formally courteous (as a knight); chivalrous, gallant and courtly.

knit /ˈnɪt/ v
cniotáil
(ambitransitive) To turn thread or yarn into a piece of fabric by forming loops that are pulled through each other. This can be done by hand with needles or by machine.
(ambitransitive) To create a stitch by pulling the working yarn through an existing stitch from back to front.

knitted /ˈnɪtɪd/ adj
cniotáilte
Made by knitting.

knitting /ˈnɪtɪŋ/ knittings n
cniotáil
The action of the verb to knit; the process of producing knitted material.

knitting needle knitting needles n
biorán cniotála
A long, thin, pointed rod, used in pairs to knit yarn.

knitwear knitwears n
éadaí cniotáilte
knitted garments

knob /nɑb/ /nɒb/ knobs n
pilibín
The head of the penis; the glans.
cnap
(cooking) A dollop, an amount just larger than a spoonful (usually referring to butter).

knot /nɑt/ /nɒt/ knots n
snaidhm
A looping of a piece of string or of any other long, flexible material that cannot be untangled without passing one or both ends of the material through its loops.
cnota
One of a variety of shore birds; red-breasted sandpiper (variously Calidris canutus or Tringa canutus).
alt cranra dual fadharcán
The whorl left in lumber by the base of a branch growing out of the tree's trunk.

knotgrass knotgrasses n
glúineach bheag
An annual plant, Polygonum aviculare, found in fields and wasteland

knothole knotholes n
poll cranra
In a piece of lumber, a void left by a knot in the wood; such holes are often convenient for peering through when they occur in fences.

knotted more knotted most knotted adj
cnotach cocánach cranraithe dualach fadharcánach foirbeach
Full of knots; knotty.

knotty /ˈnɑti/ /ˈnɒti/ [-ɾi] knottier knottiest more knotty most knotty adj
cranrach
Of string or something stringlike: full of, or tied up, in knots.

know /noʊ/ /nəʊ/ [nəʉ] v
a fhios a bheith agat eolas a bheith ag is eol do
(transitive) To perceive the truth or factuality of; to be certain of; to be certain that.
(intransitive) To have knowledge; to have information, be informed.
aithin aithne a bheith ag
(transitive) To be acquainted or familiar with; to have encountered.

knowing /ˈnoʊɪŋ/ /ˈnəʊɪŋ/ more knowing most knowing adj
seanchríonna
Possessing knowledge or understanding; knowledgeable, intelligent. [from 14th c.]

knowledge /ˈnoʊlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈnɑlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈnɒlɪd͡ʒ/ knowledges n
fios
The fact of knowing about something; general understanding or familiarity with a subject, place, situation etc. [from 14th c.]
Awareness of a particular fact or situation; a state of having been informed or made aware of something. [from 14th c.]
Familiarity or understanding of a particular skill, branch of learning etc. [from 14th c.]

knowledgeable /ˈnɑ.lɪ.d͡ʒə.bəl/ /ˈnɒl.ɪ.d͡ʒə.bəl/ more knowledgeable most knowledgeable adj
eolach
Educated and well-informed.

knuckle /ˈnʌkəl/ knuckles n
alt
Any of the joints between the bones of the fingers.

koala /koʊ.ˈɑː.lə/ /kə.ˈwɑː.lə/ /kəʊ.ˈɑː.lə/ /ˈkwɑː.lə/ koalas n
cóála
A tree-dwelling marsupial, Phascolarctos cinereus, that resembles a small bear with a broad head, large ears and sharp claws, mainly found in eastern Australia.

koan /ˈkoʊ.ɑn/ /ˈkəʊ.ɑːn/ koans n
cóán
(Zen, _, Buddhism) A story about a Zen master and his student, sometimes like a riddle, other times like a fable, which has become an object of Zen study, and which, when meditated upon, may unlock mechanisms in the Zen student’s mind leading to satori.

koi /kɔɪ/ koi n
carbán koi
Ornamental domesticated varieties of the Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus), of Japan and eastern Asia with red-gold or white coloring.

kolkhoz /-kɒs/ /-kɔs/ /-kɔz/ /kol-/ /kɒl-/ /kɔːl-/ /kəlˈkɒz/ kolkhozes kolkhozy n
calchas
(historical) A farming collective in the former Soviet Union.

kookaburra /ˈkʊkəˌbaɹə/ /ˈkʊkəˌbɝɹə/ /ˈkʊkəˌbʌɹə/ kookaburras n
cúcabarra
Any of several species of kingfishers in the genus Dacelo.

kraft paper kraft papers n
craftpháipéar
Strong paper made from kraft pulp, often used for making corrugated board.

krill /kɹɪl/ krill krills n
crill
any of several small marine crustacean species of plankton in the order Euphausiacea in the class Malacostraca.

krypton /ˈkɹɪptɒn/ kryptons n
crioptón
The chemical element (symbol Kr) with an atomic number of 36. It is a colourless, odourless noble gas that only reacts with fluorine. It is one of the rarest gases in the Earth's atmosphere.

kumquat /ˈkʌmkwɑt/ /ˈkʌmkwɒt/ kumquats n
cumcuat
A small, orange citrus-like fruit which is native to Asia (Citrus japonica, syn. Fortunella japonica).

kuru /ˈkʉː.ɹʉː/ /ˈkʊ.ɹuː/ n
kuru
A chronic, progressive, fatal central nervous system disease found mainly among the Fore and neighboring peoples of New Guinea, caused by a prion that probably resembles the scrapie agent of sheep, transmissible to nonhuman primates, and believed to be transmitted by ritual cannibalism.

kyle /kaɪl/ kyles n
caol
(Scotland) A narrow arm or channel of the sea between an island and the mainland, or between two islands.

labiodental /ˌleɪ.bi.oʊˈdɛn.təl/ /ˌleɪ.bi.əʊˈdɛn.təl/ adj
liopa-dhéadach
(phonetics) articulated with the lower lip and upper teeth.

labiodental /ˌleɪ.bi.oʊˈdɛn.təl/ /ˌleɪ.bi.əʊˈdɛn.təl/ labiodentals n
liopa-dhéadach
(phonetics) A speech sound articulated with the lower lip and upper teeth.

labor market labor markets n
margadh an tsaothair margadh fostaíochta
(economics) The market consisting of the supply of unemployed workers in relation to the demand for them.

labor pain labor pains n
tinneas clainne
(American spelling, often plural)

laboratory /ləˈbɒɹət(ə)ɹi/ /ləˈbɔɹ.ə.tɹiː/ /ləˈbɔɹətɹi/ /ləˈbɔɹəˌtɔɹi/ /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/ /ˈlæbɹəˌtɔɹi/ /ˈlɛb.ɹəˌtoːɹ.iː/ laboratories n
saotharlann
A room, building or institution equipped for scientific research, experimentation or analysis.
A place where chemicals, drugs or microbes are prepared or manufactured.

laborer /ˈleɪ.bɚ.ɹɚ/ laborers n
sclábhaí
One who uses bodily strength rather than intellect to earn a wage, usually hourly.

laborious /ləˈbɔːɹiəs/ more laborious most laborious adj
saothrach
Requiring much physical effort; toilsome.

labour /ˈleɪ.bə/ /ˈleɪ.bɚ/ labours n
obair saothar
(uncountable) Workers in general; the working class, the workforce; sometimes specifically the labour movement, organised labour.
tinneas clainne
(medicine, obstetrics) The act of a mother giving birth.
The time period during which a mother gives birth.

labyrinth /ˈlæb.ə.ɹɪnθ/ /ˈlæb.ɹɪnθ/ labyrinths n
lúbra cathair ghríobháin
(gardening) A maze formed by paths separated by high hedges.
lúbra
(anatomy) A complex structure in the inner ear which contains the organs of hearing and balance. It consists of bony cavities (the bony labyrinth) filled with fluid and lined with sensitive membranes (the membranous labyrinth).

lack /læk/ lacks n
uireasa
A deficiency or need (of something desirable or necessary); an absence, want.

lackey /ˈlæ.ki/ lackeys n
gíománach
A footman, a liveried male servant.

laconic /ləˈkɑnɪk/ /ləˈkɒnɪk/ more laconic most laconic adj
gearr-abartha
Using as few words as possible; pithy and concise.

lacquer /ˈlæk.ə/ /ˈlæk.ɚ/ lacquers n
laicear
A glossy, resinous material used as a surface coating; either a natural exudation of certain trees, or a solution of nitrocellulose in alcohol, etc.

lacquer /ˈlæk.ə/ /ˈlæk.ɚ/ v
laicearaigh
To apply a lacquer to something or to give something a smooth, glossy finish.

lacrimal /ˈlak.ɹɪm.l̩/ /ˈlak.ɹɪm.əl/ /ˈlæk.ɹəm.əl/ adj
deorach
(anatomy) Of or relating to tears or the tear-secreting organs.

lacrimal gland lacrimal glands n
faireog dheorach
(anatomy, ophthalmology) Either of a pair of almond-shaped glands, one for each eye, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.

lacrosse /ləˈkɹɑs/ /ləˈkɹɒs/ /ləˈkɹɔs/ n
crosógaíocht
(sports) A sport played on a field between two opposing teams using sticks (crosses) and a ball, whereby one team defeats the other by scoring more goals within the allotted time.

lactic acid n
aigéad lachtach
(carboxylic acid) 2-hydroxy-propanoic acid (CH3.CHOH.CO2H), a syrupy liquid, soluble in water; found in milk, wine and many fruits; used as a food additive and in many industrial applications.

lacto- prefix
lacht-
milk.

lactose /ˈlæk.toʊs/ /ˈlæk.təʊs/ /ˈlæk.təʊz/ lactoses n
lachtós
(carbohydrate) The disaccharide sugar of milk and dairy products, C12H22O11, a product of glucose and galactose used as a food and in medicinal compounds.

lad /læd/ /ləd/ lads n
leaid
A boy or young man.
A familiar term of address for a young man.

ladder /ˈladə/ /ˈlædɚ/ [ˈlæɾɚ] ladders n
dréimire
A frame, usually portable, of wood, metal, or rope, used for ascent and descent, consisting of two side pieces to which are fastened rungs (cross strips or rounds acting as steps).
In the game of go, a sequence of moves following a zigzag pattern and ultimately leading to the capture of the attacked stones.

ladies and gentlemen n
a dhaoine uaisle
Used to address an audience.
(rare, _, and, _, euphemism) Public toilets: a ladies' room and a gentlemen's room.

lady /ˈleɪdi/ [ˈleɪ.ɾi] ladies n
bantiarna
(historical) The mistress of a household.
A title for someone married to a lord or gentleman.
bantiarna bean uasal
A woman of breeding or higher class, a woman of authority.
bean uasal
A woman to whom the particular homage of a knight was paid; a woman to whom one is devoted or bound.

lady fern lady ferns n
raithneach Mhuire
A fern of the species Athyrium filix-femina, native throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

lady's mantle lady's mantles n
dearna Mhuire
The herb Alchemilla vulgaris, or any plant in the genus Alchemilla.

lady's thumb lady's thumbs n
glúineach dhearg
A perennial plant of the knotweed family, native to Eurasia but introduced to many other regions, Persicaria maculosa.

lady-in-waiting /ˌleɪdi ɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ/ /ˌleɪdɪ ɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ/ [-ɾɪŋ] ladies-in-waiting n
bean choimhdeachta
A lady, often a noblewoman, in the household of a queen, princess, or other woman of higher rank who attends her as a personal assistant, generally a role considered an honour.

ladybird /ˈleɪ.di.bəːd/ /ˈleɪ.di.bɝd/ ladybirds n
bóín Dé bó shamhraidh bóín samhraidh
Any of the Coccinellidae family of beetles, typically having a round shape and red or yellow spotted elytra.

ladylike more ladylike most ladylike adj
banúil modhúil
Of or related to the appearance or behaviour of a well-mannered woman.

lair /lɛə/ /lɛɚ/ lairs n
brocais leaba dhearg
A place inhabited by a wild animal, often a cave or a hole in the ground.
A shed or shelter for domestic animals.
cró folaigh
(figuratively) A place inhabited by a criminal or criminals, a superhero or a supervillain; a refuge, retreat, haven or hideaway.

laity /ˈleɪ.ə.ti/ /ˈleɪ.ɪ.ti/ laities n
tuata tuath
People of a church who are not ordained clergy or clerics.

lake /leɪk/ lakes n
loch
(now, _, chiefly, _, dialectal) A small stream of running water; a channel for water; a drain.

lama /ˈlɑː.mə/ lamas n
láma
A master of Tibetan Buddhism.

lamb /læm/ [leəm] lamber lambren lambs n
uan
A young sheep.
uaineoil
(uncountable) The flesh of a lamb or sheep used as food.

lambkin /ˈlæmkɪn/ lambkins n
uainín
A young lamb, a very young sheep.

lame /leɪm/ lamer lamest adj
bacach
Unable to walk properly because of a problem with one's feet or legs.

lament /ləˈmɛnt/ laments n
olagón ong
An expression of grief, suffering, sadness or regret.

lament /ləˈmɛnt/ v
caoin olagón a dhéanamh éagaoin
(intransitive) To express grief; to weep or wail; to mourn.
caoin éagaoin
(transitive) To express great sorrow or regret over; to bewail.

lamentation /ˌlæm.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌlæm.ɪnˈteɪ.ʃən/ lamentations n
acaoineadh
The act of lamenting.
A sorrowful cry; a lament.

laminated adj
bileogach lannach lannaithe
Made by lamination.
bileogach
Consisting of many thin layers.

lamp /læmp/ [leəmp] [lɛəmp] [lɛːmp] lamps n
lampa
A device that generates heat, light or other radiation. Especially an electric light bulb.
A device containing oil, burnt through a wick for illumination; an oil lamp.

lampblack lampblacks n
dubh súiche smúrabhán
An amorphous form of carbon made from incompletely burned organic matter; used to make pigments and inks.

lamplight /ˈlæmplaɪt/ lamplights n
solas lampa
The light emitted by a lamp.

lampoon /læmˈpuːn/ lampoons n
aoir
A written attack or other work ridiculing a person, group, or institution; especially, a satirical one.

lamppost lampposts n
cuaille lampa cuaille solais
The pole that holds up a light so it can illuminate a wide area, such as holds up a streetlight.

lamprey /ˈlæm.pɹeɪ/ /ˈlæm.pɹi/ lampreys n
péist an dá shúil déag
Any long slender primitive eel-like freshwater and saltwater fish of the order Petromyzontiformes, having a sucking mouth with rasping teeth but no jaw.

lampshade /ˈlæmp.ʃeɪd/ lampshades n
scáthlán lampa clúdach lampa
A cover over a lamp to either diffuse the light or to block it in certain directions to avoid glare in the eyes.

lance /læns/ /lɑːns/ lances n
sleá
A weapon of war, consisting of a long shaft or handle and a steel blade or head; a spear carried by horsemen.

land /lænd/ [ɫeə̯nd] v
faigh
(transitive) To acquire; to secure.

land agent land agents n
aibhéardaí gníomhaire talaimh gníomhaire talún

land bridge land bridges n
droichead talún
(biogeography) An isthmus or other land connection between what at other times are separate land masses.

land mine /ˈlænd.maɪn/ land mines n
mianach talún
(military) A mine that is placed on land and designed to explode when stepped upon or touched.

land surveyor land surveyors n
suirbhéir talún
a professional who measures land, delineates property boundaries, etc.

landfall /ˈlænd.fɑl/ /ˈlænd.fɔl/ /ˈlænd.fɔːl/ landfalls n
teacht i dtír
Arrival at the shore by ship, or sighting of the shore from a ship.

landfill /ˈlænd.fɪl/ landfills n
láithreán líonadh talún
(countable) A site at which refuse is buried under layers of earth.
líonadh talún
(uncountable) The material so disposed of.

landholding landholdings n
gabháltas
A piece of property (land) that is held (owned).

landing /ˈlændɪŋ/ landings n
ceann an staighre léibheann cheann staighre
A level area at the top of a flight of stairs, or connecting one flight with another.

landing net landing nets n
cochall lúbach
(fishing) A fishnet mounted on a ring which is connected to a handle, used by anglers to secure a catch when pulling it out of the water by the line to which it is hooked.

landlady /ˈlændˌleɪ.di/ landladies n
bantiarna talún
A female landlord.

landlocked /ˈlændlɑkt/ /ˈlændlɒkt/ adj
talamhiata
(of a country, geographical region, etc.) Surrounded by land (having no borders with the sea).

landlord /ˈlænd.lɔɹd/ /ˈlænd.lɔːd/ landlords n
tiarna talaimh tiarna talún
A person that leases real property; a lessor.
(surfing, slang, with "the") A shark, imagined as the owner of the surf to be avoided.
tiarna talaimh tiarna talún tábhairneoir óstóir
(chiefly, British) The owner or manager of a public house.

landlubber /ˈlænd.lʌ.bə/ /ˈlænd.lʌ.bɚ/ landlubbers n
aineolaí mara caslóir
(nautical, pejorative) Someone unfamiliar with the sea or seamanship, especially a novice seaman.

landmark /ˈlændmɑɹk/ landmarks n
sainchomhartha
A recognizable natural or man-made feature used for navigation.
A notable location with historical, cultural, or geographical significance.

landmass /ˈlænd.mæs/ landmasses n
mórchríoch
(geography) A large, continuous area of land surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass.

landowner /ˈlændˌoʊ.nɚ/ /ˈlændˌəʊ.nə/ landowners n
uachtarán urra
A person who owns land.

landrace /ˈlændˌɹeɪs/ landraces n
pór dúchasach
(often, attributive) Any local variety of a domesticated animal or plant species that has adapted over time to its ecological and cultural environment (including, in some cases, its work). [from late 19th c.]

landscape /ˈlan(d)skeɪp/ /ˈlæn(d)skɪp/ landscapes n
amharc tíre
taobh tíre tírdhreach
A portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in a single view, including all the objects it contains.
pictiúr den tírdhreach radharc tíre tírdhreach
A picture representing a real or imaginary scene by land or sea, the main subject being the general aspect of nature, as fields, hills, forests, water, etc.
tírdhreachtaigh
The pictorial aspect of a country.
tírdhreach
(figuratively) a situation that is presented, a scenario

landscape /ˈlan(d)skeɪp/ /ˈlæn(d)skɪp/ v
tírdhreachtaigh
To create or maintain a landscape.

landscape gardener landscape gardeners n
garraíodóir pictiúrtha garraíodóir tírdhreacha
Someone who does landscape gardening.

landslide /ˈlænd.slaɪd/ landslides n
maidhm thalún sciorradh talún
A natural disaster that involves the breakup and downhill flow of rock, mud, water and anything caught in the path.

landslide victory landslide victories n
ollbhua
(politics) an overwhelming victory in an election

lane /leɪn/ lanes n
lána
A narrow passageway between fences, walls, hedges or trees.
A lengthwise division of roadway intended for a single line of vehicles.

language /ˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ/ [ˈleɪŋɡwɪd͡ʒ] languages n
teanga
(countable) A body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication.
(uncountable) The ability to communicate using words.
(uncountable) A sublanguage: the slang of a particular community or jargon of a particular specialist field.
(countable, uncountable, figurative) The expression of thought (the communication of meaning) in a specified way; that which communicates something, as language does.
(computing, countable) A computer language; a machine language.
(uncountable) The particular words used in a speech or a passage of text.

language barrier language barriers n
bacainn teanga
A conceptual barrier to effective communication, occurring when people who speak different languages attempt to communicate with each other.

language code language codes n
cód teanga
short alphabetic or numeric identifier assigned to a language.

language family language families n
fine teangacha
(linguistics) A set of languages which have evolved from a common ancestor.

languor /ˈlæŋ(ɡ)ɚ/ /ˈlæŋɡə/ languors n
leisce
(uncountable) Dullness, sluggishness; lack of vigour; stagnation.

lanky /ˈlæŋk.i/ lankier lankiest adj
caol ard fada caol scailleagánta scrogallach
(informal, prejorative) Tall, slim, and rather ungraceful or awkward.

lanner falcon lanner falcons n
fabhcún lanner
Falco biarmicus, a large bird of prey found in Africa, southeast Europe, and southwest Asia.

lanolin lanolins n
úsc olla
A greasy yellow substance chemically akin to wax that is secreted from wooly animals, with a variety of uses from rust prevention, lubrication and waterproofing to cosmetics and skin ointments.

lantern /ˈlæntən/ /ˈlɛən(t)ɚn/ lanterns n
laindéar
A case of translucent or transparent material made to protect a flame, or light, used to illuminate its surroundings.

lantern slide lantern slides n
sleamhnán laindéir
A slide projected by a magic lantern, an early slide projector.

lantern wheel lantern wheels n
roth laindéir
A pinion with cylindrical staves, instead of teeth, inserted at their ends in two parallel disks or plates.

lantern-jawed adj
corránach lomleicneach
Having a protruding or jutting lower jaw.

lanthanum /ˈlænθənəm/ lanthanums n
lantainam
(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol La) with an atomic number of 57: a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes slowly when exposed to air.

lanyard /ˈlæn.jəd/ /ˈlæn.jɚd/ /ˈlænˌjɑɹd/ /ˈlænˌjɑːd/ /ˈɫænjəd/ lanyards n
láinnéar
(nautical) A short rope used for fastening rigging, as a handle, etc.
(by extension) A cord worn around the neck, shoulder, or wrist which is attached to a small object to be carried such as an identity card or security pass, key, knife, or whistle.

lap /læp/ laps n
ucht
The upper legs of a seated person.

lap dance lap dances n
damhsa gabhail
An erotic form of entertainment, typically at a men's club, where a naked or nearly-nude performer straddles a customer and moves in a rhythmic, sexual manner over his or her lap.

lap dog /ˈlæpdɒɡ/ lap dogs n
measán
(cynology) A small toy dog, kept as household pet, whose light weight and companionable temperament make it both suited and disposed to spend time resting in the comfort of its master's lap; a dog bred to behave in this manner.

laparoscopy /lapəˈɹɒskəpi/ laparoscopies n
laparascópacht
(medicine) Examination of the loins or abdomen, now specifically examination or surgery on the peritoneal cavity using a laparoscope.

lapel /ləˈpɛl/ lapels n
bóna liopa
Each of the two triangular pieces of cloth on the front of a jacket or coat that are folded back below the throat, leaving a triangular opening between.

lapidary /ˈlæpəˌdɛɹi/ /ˈlæpɪdəɹi/ /ˈlæpɪdɹi/ adj
greanta
Of or pertaining to gems and precious stones, or the art of working them.

lapis lazuli /ləˈzu.li/ /ˈlaz.jʊ.li/ /ˈlæz.(j)ə.laɪ/ /ˈlæʒ.ə.laɪ/ /ˈlæʒ.ə.li/ /ˌlap.ɪs ˈlaz.jʊ.laɪ/ /ˌlæp.ɪs ˈlæz.(j)ə.li/ lapides lazuli lapis lazulis n
lapis lazuli
A deep, bright blue, like that of the stone.

laptop /ˈlæp.tɑp/ /ˈlæp.tɒp/ laptops n
ríomhaire glúine
(computing) A laptop computer.

lapwing /ˈlæpwɪŋ/ lapwings n
adhaircín pilibín
Any of several medium-sized wading birds belonging to the subfamily Vanellinae, within family Charadriidae.

larch /ˈlɑɹt͡ʃ/ /ˈlɑːtʃ/ larches n
learóg
(countable) A coniferous tree, of genus Larix, having deciduous leaves, in fascicles.

lard /lɑɹd/ /lɑːd/ lards n
blonag
Fat from the abdomen of a pig, especially as prepared for use in cooking or pharmacy.

large /lɑɹd͡ʒ/ /lɑːd͡ʒ/ larger largest adj
mór
Of considerable or relatively great size or extent.

large-scale more large-scale most large-scale adj
mórscála
(of a map or image) Drawn large so as to show detail.

largehearted more largehearted most largehearted adj
mórchroíoch
Possessing the properties associated with the heart as the seat of love; compassionate, generous, benevolent, forgiving, etc.

lark /lɑɹk/ /lɑːk/ larks n
fuiseog circín starraiceach
Any of various small, singing passerine birds of the family Alaudidae.

laryngeal /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.əl/ /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/ /ləˈɹɪn.ʒi.əl/ /ˌlæɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/ /ˌlɛɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/ adj
laraingeach
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the larynx.

laryngitis /læɹɪnˈd͡ʒaɪtɪs/ /lɛɹɪnˈd͡ʒaɪtɪs/ laryngites laryngitides n
laraingíteas
An inflammation of the larynx, typically resulting in hoarseness.

laryngology n
laraingeolaíocht
The branch of physiology dealing with the larynx and its disorders.

laryngoscope laryngoscopes n
laraingeascóp
An endoscope used for viewing the interior of the larynx.

larynx /ˈlæ.ɹɪŋks/ /ˈlæɹ.ɪŋks/ /ˈlɛɹ.ɪŋks/ larynges larynxes n
laraing an feadán glóir úll na scórnaí
(anatomy, zootomy) A hollow muscular organ of the neck of mammals situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the oesophagus. It is involved in breath control and protection of the trachea, and, because it houses the vocal cords, sound production.

lascivious /ləˈsɪviəs/ more lascivious most lascivious adj
ainmhianach drúisiúil macnasach áilíosach
Wanton; lewd, driven by lust, lustful.

lasciviousness n
anmhacnas drúisiúlacht
The characteristic or state of being lascivious.

lash /læʃ/ v
gread
(transitive) To strike with a lash; to whip or scourge with a lash, or with something like one.
(transitive) To strike forcibly and quickly, as with a lash; to beat, or beat upon, with a motion like that of a lash.
(intransitive, of rain) To fall heavily, especially in the phrase lash down.

lass /læs/ lasses n
cailín gearrchaile maighdean
(archaic, _, in some dialects, informal) A young woman or girl.

lassie /ˈlæsi/ lassies n
cailín gearrchaile girseach ógbhean
(chiefly, Scotland, Northern England, Geordie, Northumbria) A young girl, a lass, especially one seen as a sweetheart.

lassitude /ˈlæsɪˌtjuːd/ /ˈlæsɪˌtud/ lassitudes n
leisce
Lethargy or lack of energy; fatigue.

last /last/ /læst/ /lɑːst/ /ɫast/ determiner
seo caite
(of days of the week or months of the year) Closest in the past, or closest but one if the closest was very recent; of days, sometimes thought to specifically refer to the instance closest to seven days (one week) ago, or the most recent instance before seven days (one week) ago.

last /last/ /læst/ /lɑːst/ /ɫast/ lasts n
ceap
A tool for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes.

last /last/ /læst/ /lɑːst/ /ɫast/ v
mair
(intransitive) To endure, continue over time.
(intransitive) To hold out, continue undefeated or entire.

last but not least /ˈlæst bʌt nɑt ˈlist/ /ˈlɑːst bʌt nɒt ˈliːst/ adv
an ball is mó ar deireadh an meall is mó ar deireadh
An expression to start the last item of a list, emphasising that while it is listed last, it is just as important as the rest of the items.

last night adv
aréir
during the previous day’s nighttime; during the night before today (This entry is a translation hub.)

last night n
aréir
(often, used adverbially) The evening or night immediately before the present. (This entry is a translation hub.)

last straw n
buille na tubaiste
(idiomatic, almost always preceded by the) A small addition to a burden which causes it to exceed the capacity.

last word last words n
an focal deiridh

last year adv
anuraidh
(This entry is a translation hub.)

latecomer /ˈleɪtˌkʌm.ə/ /ˈleɪtˌkʌm.ɚ/ latecomers n
leastar
One who arrived late.

lateness /ˈleɪt.nəs/ /ˈleɪt.nɪs/ latenesses n
déanaí
The state of being late.

latent heat latent heats n
teas folaigh
(physics) The heat that is released or absorbed accompanying a change of state or of a phase.

lateral /ˈlæt.ə.ɹəl/ /ˈlæt.ɹəl/ more lateral most lateral adj
cliathánach
(disease) Affecting the side or sides of the body, or confined to one side of the body.

lath /læθ/ /lɑːθ/ laths n
lata
A thin, narrow strip, fastened to the rafters, studs, or floor beams of a building, for the purpose of supporting a covering of tiles, plastering, etc.

lathe /leɪð/ lathes n
deil
(tools, metalworking, woodworking) A machine tool used to shape a piece of material, or workpiece, by rotating the workpiece against a cutting tool.

lathe /leɪð/ v
deil
To shape with a lathe.

lather /ˈlæð.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlæð.ɚ/ /ˈlɑː.ðə(ɹ)/ lathers n
sobal
(countable, uncountable) The foam made by rapidly stirring soap and water.
brat allais
(countable, uncountable) Foam from profuse sweating, as of a horse.

lattice window lattice windows n
fuinneog laitíse fuinneog mhuileatach
(architecture) a window with strips of metal holding small pieces of glass

laudanum /ˈlɔːdnəm/ /ˈlɔːdənəm/ laudanums n
ládanam
(pharmacology) A tincture of opium, once widely used for various medical purposes and as a recreational drug.

laugh /laf/ /laːf/ /læf/ /lɑːf/ laughs n
gáire
An expression of mirth particular to the human species; the sound heard in laughing; laughter.

laugh /laf/ /laːf/ /læf/ /lɑːf/ v
gáir déan gáire
(intransitive) To show mirth, satisfaction, or derision, by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face, particularly of the mouth, causing a lighting up of the face and eyes, and usually accompanied by the emission of explosive or chuckling sounds from the chest and throat; to indulge in laughter.

laugh at v
bí ag magadh faoi
To scorn or tease; to evince contempt or pity for someone, usually contrasted with laugh with.

laugh on the other side of one's face v
gáire Sheáin dóite a dhéanamh

laughing kookaburra laughing kookaburras n
cúcabarra gáiriteach
A kookaburra of species Dacelo novaeguineae, native to eastern Australia and famed for its loud laugh-like call.

laughing stock laughing stocks n
airí an mhagaidh beithé ceap magaidh paor staic mhagaidh staicín áiféise
(idiomatic) An object of ridicule, someone who is publicly ridiculed; the butt of a joke.

laughter /ˈlæftɚ/ /ˈlɑːftə/ laughters n
gáire
A movement (usually involuntary) of the muscles of the laughing face, particularly of the lips, and of the whole body, with a peculiar expression of the eyes, indicating merriment, satisfaction or derision, and usually attended by a sonorous and interrupted expulsion of air from the lungs.

launch /lɑnt͡ʃ/ /lɑːnt͡ʃ/ /lɔnt͡ʃ/ /lɔːnt͡ʃ/ [lɒnt͡ʃ] launches n
lainse
(nautical) An open boat of any size powered by steam, petrol, electricity, etc.

launch pad /ˈlɑntʃ.pæd/ /ˈlɔntʃ.pæd/ /ˈlɔːntʃ.pæd/ launch pads n
ceap lainseála ionad lainseála
The surface or structure from which a launch is made.

launderette /lɔndəˈɹɛt/ /lɔːnˈdɹɛt/ launderettes n
ionad níocháin níolann
A place that has facilities for washing and drying clothes that the public may pay to use.

laundry /ˈlɑn.dɹi/ /ˈlɑːn.dɹi/ /ˈlɔːn.dɹi/ laundries n
níochán
That which needs to be, is being, or has been laundered. [from c. 1930]

laundry basket laundry baskets n
ciseán níocháin
A container, often made of plastic, for holding and transporting clothing and household textiles, especially before and after being laundered.

lava /ˈlævə/ /ˈlɑːvə/ lavas n
laibhe
The molten rock ejected by a volcano from its crater or fissured sides; magma that has breached the surface of the earth.

lavender /ˈlæv.ən.də/ /ˈlæv.ən.dɚ/ lavenders n
labhandar lus liath
Any of a group of European plants, genus, Lavandula, of the mint family.
lus liath
A pale bluish purple colour, like that of the lavender flower.

laver /ˈleɪvə/ /ˈleɪvɚ/ /ˈlɑvɚ/ /ˈlɑːvə/ lavers n
glasarnacht sleabhac
A red alga/seaweed, Porphyra umbilicalis (syn. Porphyra laciniata), eaten as a vegetable.

lavish /ˈlævɪʃ/ lavisher lavishest more lavish most lavish adj
flaithiúil flaithiúlach scaoilteach
Expending or bestowing profusely; profuse; prodigal.

law /lɑ/ /lɔ/ /lɔː/ /ɫoː/ laws n
dlí
(usually with "the") The body of binding rules and regulations, customs, and standards established in a community by its legislative and judicial authorities.
Any rule that must or should be obeyed, concerning behaviours and their consequences. (Compare mores.)
(mathematics, logic) A statement (of relation) that is true under specified conditions; a mathematical or logical rule.
A statement (in physics, etc) of an (observed, established) order or sequence or relationship of phenomena which is invariable under certain conditions. (Compare theory.)

law and order /lɔ.ənˈoɹdɚ/ /lɔː.ɹənˈɔːdə/ n
riail agus reacht
The strict enforcement of law, statutes, and social conventions.

lawful /ˈlɔːfʊl/ more lawful most lawful adj
dleathach
(legal) Conforming to, or recognised by the laws of society.

lawless /ˈlɔːləs/ more lawless most lawless adj
aindleathach aindlíthiúil mídhleathach

lawlessness lawlessnesses n
aindlí
A lack of law and order; anarchy.

lawn /lɑn/ /lɔn/ /lɔːn/ lawns n
péirlín
(uncountable) A type of thin linen or cotton.
léana báinseach faiche plásóg plásóg fhéir
Ground (generally in front of or around a house) covered with grass kept closely mown.

lawnmower /ˈlɑn.moʊ.ɚ/ /ˈlɔn.moʊ.ɚ/ /ˈlɔːn.məʊ.ə/ lawnmowers n
buainteoir lomaire lomaire faiche lomaire léana
A device used for cutting grass to a chosen height, typically of landscaped lawns of residences or institutions.
buainteoir
A person who landscapes and in particular mows lawns.

lawrencium /ləˈɹɛnsiəm/ n
láirinciam
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Lr, formerly Lw) with atomic number 103.

lawsuit /ˈlɑˌs(j)ut/ /ˈlɔˌs(j)ut/ /ˈlɔːˌs(j)uːt/ lawsuits n
agra dlí cúis dlí tagra
(legal) In civil law, a case where two or more people disagree and one or more of the parties take the case to a court for resolution.

lawyer /ˈlɔ.jɚ/ /ˈlɔɪ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɔɪ.ɚ/ /ˈlɔːjə(ɹ)/ lawyers n
dlíodóir
A professional person qualified (as by a law degree or bar exam) and authorized to practice law as an attorney-at-law, solicitor, advocate, barrister or equivalent, i.e. represent parties in lawsuits or trials and give legal advice.

lawyer's wig lawyer's wigs n
caidhp dhubh ghiobach caidhp mhosach
A certain edible mushroom (Coprinus comatus).

lax /læks/ laxer laxest adj
neamartach
Lenient and allowing for deviation; not strict.

laxative /ˈlæk.sə.tɪv/ more laxative most laxative adj
scaoilteach
Having the effect of moving the bowels, or aiding digestion and preventing constipation.

laxative /ˈlæk.sə.tɪv/ laxatives n
purgóid
Any substance, such as a food or in the form of a medicine which has a laxative effect.

lay /leɪ/ more lay most lay adj
tuata
Not belonging to the clergy, but associated with them.
Non-professional; not being a member of an organized institution.

lay brother lay brethren lay brothers n
bráthair tuata
(Christianity) A layman who is a member of a religious congregation or monastic order without the intention to become a priest.

lay waste v
bánaigh folmhaigh fásaigh
(transitive) To completely destroy, especially of a geographical area or region.

lay-by /ˈleɪ.baɪ/ lay-bys n
leataobh
(UK, Philippines) A paved area at the side of a highway designated for drivers to stop in, for emergency parking, or where vehicles can wait, with larger lay-bys possibly having facilities like food vendors or public telephones.
(UK) A railroad siding; a second, short railroad track just to the side of a railroad track, connected with the main track by a switch and used for unloading, bypassing, etc.
(Australia, New Zealand, South Africa) A method of retail purchase in which the selected goods are set aside and the customer pays for them in instalments, receiving them when fully paid; layaway.

layer /lɛə/ /lɛɚ/ /ˈleɪ.ə/ /ˈleɪ.ɚ/ layers n
sraith
A single thickness of some material covering a surface.
A (usually) horizontal deposit; a stratum.

layering layerings n
cisealú
A method of plant propagation by rooting cuttings.

layman /ˈleɪmən/ laymen n
tuata neamheaglaiseach
Layperson, someone who is not an ordained cleric or member of the clergy.
tuata duine gan foghlaim gnáthdhuine
(by extension) Someone who is not a professional in a given field.

layperson laypeople laypersons n
tuata
A person who is not a cleric.
One who is not intimately familiar with a given subject or activity.

laziness lazinesses n
drogall
The quality of being lazy

lazurite lazurites n
lasúirít
(mineral) A mineral of metamorphosed limestones. Lazurite forms the gemstone lapis lazuli, and crushed lazurite provided the ultramarine color in artists' paint of the Old Masters. Sodalite and lazurite form the sodalite group of silicate minerals. Chemical composition: Sodium aluminum silicate with sulphur, Na4-5Al3Si3O12S.

lazy /ˈleɪzi/ lazier laziest adj
anábhailleach drogallach leisciúil sámh
Unwilling to do work or make an effort; disinclined to exertion.

lazy-bed lazy-beds n
ainneor iompú
(agriculture, historical) a ridge of ground generally used for growing potatoes and sometimes also for raising corn, the seed being laid on the surface and covered with earth dug out of trenches along both sides

lazybones lazybones n
giolla na leisce
(slang) A person who is lazy.

lead /lid/ /liːd/ leads n
treoraigh
(uncountable, card games, dominoes) The act or right of playing first in a game or round; the card suit, or piece, so played
In a steam engine, the width of port opening which is uncovered by the valve, for the admission or release of steam, at the instant when the piston is at end of its stroke.

lead /lɛd/ leads n
luaidhe
(uncountable) A heavy, pliable, inelastic metal element, having a bright, bluish color, but easily tarnished; both malleable and ductile, though with little tenacity. It is easily fusible, forms alloys with other metals, and is an ingredient of solder and type metal. Atomic number 82, symbol Pb (from Latin plumbum).
(slang) bullets; ammunition.

lead /lid/ /liːd/ v
treoraigh
To guide or conduct in a certain course, or to a certain place or end, by making the way known; to show the way, especially by going with or going in advance of, to lead a pupil; to guide somebody somewhere or to bring somebody somewhere by means of instructions.

lead /lɛd/ v
luaidhe
(transitive) To cover, fill, or affect with lead.
(transitive, printing, historical) To place leads between the lines of.

lead crystal lead crystals n
criostal luaidhe
cut glass made of this material.

lead shot n
grán luaidhe
Small balls of lead, used as projectiles in shotguns, and as a weight in angling etc

lead-acid adj
aigéid is luaidhe luaidhe-aigéadach
Describing a battery having lead electrodes and an electrolyte of sulfuric acid solution; used in motor vehicles

leader /ˈlidɚ/ /ˈliː.də(ɹ)/ leaders n
ceannaire ceann treoraí
One having authority to direct.

leading /ˈlɛdɪŋ/ n
scaradh
(typography) Vertical space added between lines; line spacing.

leaf /liːf/ leaves n
duilleog bileog
(publishing, bookbinding, advertising) A sheet of a book, magazine, etc (consisting of two pages, one on each face of the leaf).
comhla
(plural leaves or leafs) A moveable panel, e.g. of a bridge or door, originally one that hinged but now also applied to other forms of movement.

leaf-hopper leaf-hoppers n
preabaire duilleog
(zoology) Any insect of the family Cicadellidae.

leaflet /ˈliːflɪt/ leaflets n
bileog bileog faisnéise bileoigín bileoigín páipéir duilleachán duilleoigín
duillín
(botany) A small plant leaf.

leafy /ˈliːfi/ leafier leafiest adj
bileogach duilleach duilleogach duilliúrach
covered with leaves
containing much foliage
bileogach
in the form of leaves (of some material)
resembling a leaf

league /liːɡ/ leagues n
conradh
A group or association of cooperating members.
léig
A stone erected near a public road to mark the distance of a league.

leak /liːk/ leaks n
poll
A crack, crevice, fissure, or hole which admits water or other fluid, or lets it escape.
sceitheadh
The entrance or escape of a fluid through a crack, fissure, or other aperture.
A divulgation, or disclosure, of information previously held secret.

leakage /ˈliːkɪd͡ʒ/ leakages n
sileadh
An act of leaking, or something that leaks.

leap /lip/ /liːp/ /lɛp/ leaps n
léim
The act of leaping or jumping.

leap /lip/ /liːp/ /lɛp/ v
léim
(intransitive) To jump.
(transitive) To cause to leap.

leap day /liːp deɪ/ leap days n
lá bisigh
An extra day intercalated into a year, especially the day intercalated into the Julian calendar every fourth year and into the Gregorian calendar every fourth year excepting centuries not divisible by 400, usually reckoned as February 29th.

leap year /ˈlip ˌjɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ˈliːp ˌjɪə/ leap years n
bliain bhisigh
A year in the Julian or Gregorian calendar with an intercalary day added to February (in the Gregorian calendar, February 29), used to adjust for the extra hours of the solar year; a 366-day year.

leapfrog /-fɹɔɡ/ /ˈliːpfɹɑɡ/ /ˈliːpfɹɒɡ/ leapfrogs n
caitheamh cliobóg
(games) A game, often played by children, in which a player leaps like a frog over the back of another person who has stooped over. One variation of the game involves a number of people lining up in a row and bending over. The last person in the line then vaults forward over each of the others until he or she reaches the front of the line, whereupon he also bends over. The process is then repeated.

learn /lɑː(ɹ)n/ /lɜːn/ /lɝn/ v
foghlaim
To acquire, or attempt to acquire knowledge or an ability to do something.

learned /ˈlɜːnɪd/ /ˈlɝnɪd/ more learned most learned adj
léannta
Having much learning, knowledgeable, erudite; highly educated.

learning /ˈlɜːnɪŋ/ /ˈlɝnɪŋ/ learnings n
foghlaim léann
(uncountable) An act in which something is learned.
léann
(uncountable) Accumulated knowledge.

lease /liːs/ v
léasaigh
(transitive, formal, law) To grant a lease as a landlord; to let.

least /list/ /liːst/ determiner
íosta
The most little; the smallest amount or quantity of something.

least weasel /ˈlist ˈwiz(ə)l/ /ˈliːst ˈwiːz(ə)l/ least weasels n
bláthnaid ghallda
The common weasel, little weasel, or simply weasel (Mustela nivalis), the smallest member of the weasel genus Mustela, native to Eurasia, North America, and North Africa.

leather /ˈlɛðə/ /ˈlɛðɚ/ /ˈlʌðəɹ/ leathers n
leathar
A tough material produced from the skin of animals, by tanning or similar process, used e.g. for clothing.

leave /liv/ /liːv/ v
fág
(transitive) To cause or allow (something) to remain as available; to refrain from taking (something) away; to stop short of consuming or otherwise depleting (something) entirely.
(transitive) To depart from; to end one's connection or affiliation with.
(transitive) To end one's membership in (a group); to terminate one's affiliation with (an organization); to stop participating in (a project).
(transitive) To transfer responsibility or attention of (something) (to someone); to stop being concerned with.
fág imigh
(transitive) To give (something) to someone; to deliver (something) to a repository; to deposit.
fág tiomnaigh
(transitive) To transfer possession of after death.

leave no stone unturned v
scag go mion
(idiom) To search or investigate thoroughly.

leave someone in the lurch v
fág Baile Átha Cliath ar an mbóthar ag duine fág san abar
(idiomatic) To abandon somebody; especially, to abandon somebody and leave him or her in a difficult situation.

leaven /ˈlɛv.ən/ [ˈlɛvn̩] leavens n
gabháil
Any agent used to make dough rise or to have a similar effect on baked goods.

leavings n
fuílleach
A worthless and incidental residuum, such as scraps from a meal, or shavings or sawdust from wood.

lecithin /ˈlɛs.ə.θɪn/ lecithins n
leicitin
(organic chemistry) The principal phospholipid in animals; it is particularly abundant in egg yolks, and is extracted commercially from soy. It is a major constituent of cell membranes, and is commonly used as a food additive (as an emulsifier).

lectern /ˈlɛktə(ɹ)n/ lecterns n
léachtán
A stand with a slanted top used to support a bible from which passages are read during a church service.

lecture /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/ /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃɚ/ lectures n
léacht
A spoken lesson or exposition, usually delivered to a group.

lecturer /ˈlɛktʃəɹə/ /ˈlɛkt͡ʃəɹɚ/ lecturers n
léachtóir
A person who gives lectures, especially as a profession.
A member of a university or college below the rank of assistant professor or reader.

ledger /ˈlɛd͡ʒə/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒɚ/ ledgers n
mórleabhar mórleabhar cuntas
(accounting) A collection of accounting entries consisting of credits and debits.

lee /liː/ lees n
fothain
(nautical) A protected cove or harbor, out of the wind.
A sheltered place, especially a place protected from the wind by some object; the side sheltered from the wind (see also leeside); shelter; protection.
taobh an fhoscaidh taobh na fothana
(nautical) The side of the ship away from the wind.

leech /liːt͡ʃ/ leeches n
súmaire
An aquatic blood-sucking annelid of class Hirudinea, especially Hirudo medicinalis.
súmaire diúgaire siolpaire
(figuratively) A person who derives profit from others in a parasitic fashion.

leek /liːk/ leeks n
cainneann
A vegetable of variety variety, having edible leaves and an onion-like bulb but with a milder flavour than the onion.

leer /lɪə(ɹ)/ /lɪɹ/ leers n
claonfhéachaint
A significant side glance; a glance expressive of some passion, as malignity, amorousness, etc.; a sly or lecherous look.

lees n
amhaisc dríodar moirt
The sediment that settles during fermentation of beverages, consisting of dead yeast and precipitated parts of the fruit.

leeway [ˈliːˌweɪ] leeways n
saoirse solúbthacht
A varying degree or amount of freedom or flexibility.

left /ˈlɛft/ lefter leftmost more left most left adj
clé
Designating the side of the body toward the west when one is facing north; the side of the body on which the heart is located in most humans; the opposite of right. This arrow points to the reader's left: ←

left hand n
ciotóg

left wing left wings n
eite chlé
(politics) The more left-wing faction of a group, party, or group of parties.

left-click v
cléchliceáil
(intransitive, computing) To press the left button on a computer mouse.
(transitive, computing) To activate an item on the screen by left-clicking while the pointer is over it.

left-handed n
ciotach
Left-handed people, taken as a whole.

left-hander left-handers n
ciotóg
One who is left-handed.
(automotive) A bend or turn to the left; a left-hand corner.

leftovers n
fuílleach
food remaining after a meal

leg /leɪɡ/ /lɛɡ/ legs n
cos
In humans, the lower limb extending from the groin to the ankle.
A rod-like protrusion from an inanimate object, such as a piece of furniture, supporting it from underneath.

legal /ˈliɡəl/ /ˈliː.ɡəl/ more legal most legal adj
dleathach
Relating to the law or to lawyers.
Being established, permitted, required or prescribed by law.

legal tender legal tenders n
dlíthairiscint
(legal) Any form of currency that by law cannot be refused as payment to extinguish a debt equal to the amount offered.

legatee legatees n
leagáidí
(legal) One who receives a legacy.

legation legations n
leagáideacht
The post or office of a legate; a legateship.

legend /ˈliːd͡ʒ.ənd/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənd/ legends n
finscéal
A story of unknown origin describing plausible but extraordinary past events.

legendary /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ən.də.ɹi/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ən.dɹi/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənˌdɛɹ.i/ more legendary most legendary adj
finscéalach
Of or pertaining to a legend or to legends.

legible /ˈlɛd͡ʒəbl/ more legible most legible adj
inléite
Clear enough to be read; readable, particularly of handwriting.

legion /ˈliːd͡ʒən/ legions n
léigiún
(military, Ancient Rome) The major unit or division of the Roman army, usually comprising 3000 to 6000 infantry soldiers and 100 to 200 cavalry troops.

legislate /ˈlɛd͡ʒɪsˌleɪt/ v
reachtaigh achtaigh
To pass laws (including the amending or repeal of existing laws).

legislation /ˌlɛd͡ʒɪsˈleɪʃən/ legislations n
reachtaíocht
The act of legislating; preparation and enactment of laws.
Law which has been enacted by legislature or other governing body

legislative /-slæɪ-/ /lɛˈd͡ʒɪ.slə.tɪv/ /ˈled͡ʒ.ɪ.slə.tɪv/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ɪ.slə.tɪv/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ɪˌsleɪ.tɪv/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒˌɪs.lə.tɪv/ [ˈled͡ʒ.ɪ.slə.ɾɪv] [ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ɪˌsleɪ.ɾɪv] more legislative most legislative adj
reachtach
Making, or having the power to make, a law or laws; lawmaking

legislator legislators n
reachtóir
Someone who creates or enacts laws.

leisurely /ˈliʒɚli/ /ˈlɛʒɜli/ more leisurely most leisurely adj
réidh
Characterized by leisure; taking plenty of time; unhurried.

lemon /ˈlɛm.ən/ /ˈlɪm.ɪn/ lemons n
líomóid buí líomóide
A yellowish citrus fruit.
buí líomóide líomóid
A semitropical evergreen tree, Citrus limon, that bears such fruits.
buí líomóide
A more or less bright shade of yellow associated with lemon fruits.
A lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris).
(slang) A defective or inadequate item or individual.
(Cockney rhyming slang, shortened from “lemon flavour”) Favor.
(fandom) A piece of fanfiction involving explicit sex.
(geometry) The surface of revolution of a circular arc of angle less than 180° rotated about the straight line passing through the arc’s two endpoints.

lemon balm lemon balms n
lus na meala líomóide
A perennial herb, of species Melissa officinalis, of southern Europe; used as a flavouring in ice cream etc.

lemon sole lemon soles n
leith bhallánach
A European flatfish of the species Microstomus kitt (not a true sole).

lemon verbena lemon verbenas n
beirbhéine líomóideach
A deciduous perennial shrub native to South America, used for its lemon-like fragrance and flavor, Aloysia citrodora.

lemonade /ˈlɛmənˌeɪd/ /ˌlɛmənˈeɪd/ lemonades n
líomanáid
(US, Canada, Philippines) A flavoured beverage consisting of water, lemon, and sweetener, sometimes ice, served mainly as a refreshment.

lender /ˈlɛndɚ/ lenders n
iasachtóir
One who lends, especially money; specifically, a bank or other entity that specializes in granting loans.

length /leɪn(t)θ/ /lɛn(t)θ/ /lɛŋ(k)θ/ lengths n
fad
The distance measured along the longest dimension of an object.

lengthen /ˈlɛŋ(k)θən/ v
sín
(transitive) To make longer, to extend the length of.

lengthwise adj
ar a fhad
In the long direction of an oblong object.

lenite /ləˈnaɪt/ /ˈliːnaɪt/ v
séimhigh
(phonetics, phonology, transitive) To cause (a consonant) to undergo lenition.

lenition /liˈnɪʃən/ /liːˈnɪʃən/ /ləˈnɪʃən/ /lɪˈnɪʃən/ lenitions n
séimhiú
(phonetics, phonology) A weakening of articulation causing a consonant to become lenis (soft).

lens /lɛnz/ lens lenses lentes n
lionsa
An object, usually made of glass, that focuses or defocuses the light that passes through it.

lenticular /lɛnˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/ /lɛnˈtɪk.jʊ.lə/ more lenticular most lenticular adj
lionsach
Of or pertaining to a lens.
dédhronnach
Shaped like a biconvex lens.

leopard /ˈlɛpəd/ /ˈlɛpɚd/ leopards n
liopard
Panthera pardus, a large wild cat with a spotted coat native to Africa and Asia, especially the male of the species (in contrast to leopardess) .

leopard cat leopard cats n
liopardchat
A wild cat native to Southeast Asia, Prionailurus bengalensis.

leopard seal /ˈlɛpəd siːl/ /ˈlɛpɚd siːl/ leopard seals n
rón liopaird
A large pinniped mammal (Hydrurga leptonyx) found in the Antarctic.

leopard shark leopard sharks n
siorc liopaird
A hound shark, Triakis semifasciata, having distinctive markings; it is found in the coastal waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean.

leotard /ˈliː.ə.tɑːd/ /ˈliː.ə.tɑːɹd/ /ˈlɪə.tɑːd/ leotards n
léatar
A one-piece skintight garment with or without sleeves and without legs (often worn by gymnasts, acrobats, wrestlers, female swimmers, etc.)

leprechaun /ˈlɛprəˌkɑn/ /ˈlɛprəˌkɔn/ /ˈlɛpɹəkɔːn/ leprechauns n
leipreachán lucharachán lucharbán luchargán lucharpán luchormán
(Irish folklore) One of a race of elves that can reveal hidden treasure to those who catch them.

leprosy /ˈlɛpɹəsi/ leprosies n
lobhra
(medicine) An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, gradually producing nerve damage and patches of skin necrosis and historically handled by permanently quarantining its sufferers.
Ellipsis of murine leprosy. and feline leprosy, diseases caused in rodents and cats by Mycobacterium lepraemurium.

lesbian /ˈlɛz.bi.ən/ /ˈlɛz.bɪ.ən/ more lesbian most lesbian adj
leispiach
(of a woman) Homosexual, gay; preferring exclusively women as romantic or sexual partners.
(of a woman, broadly) Preferring primarily women as romantic or sexual partners.
(of a romantic or sexual act or relationship) Between two or more women; homosexual, gay.
(especially of an institution or group) Intended for lesbians.

lesbian /ˈlɛz.bi.ən/ /ˈlɛz.bɪ.ən/ lesbians n
leispiach
A gay woman, one who is mostly or exclusively sexually or romantically attracted to other women.

lessen /ˈlɛsən/ v
beagaigh laghdaigh
(transitive) To make less; to diminish; to reduce.

lesser bilby lesser bilbies n
bilbí beag
An extinct species of bilby, a rabbit-sized marsupial, Macrotis leucura, previously endemic to arid regions of central Australia.

lesser black-backed gull lesser black-backed gulls n
droimneach beag
a seabird and member of the gull family, genus Larus fuscus

lesser celandine lesser celandines n
aonscoth grán arcáin
A European perennial herb (Ficaria verna, formerly Ranunculus ficaria), having heart-shaped leaves and solitary yellow flowers

lesser kestrel lesser kestrels n
mionphocaire gaoithe
A small falcon, Falco naumanni.

lesser spotted woodpecker /ˈlɛsə(ɹ) ˈspɒtəd ˈwədpɛkə(ɹ)/ lesser spotted woodpeckers n
mionchnagaire breac
Any of species Dryobates minor of woodpeckers, principally of cooler regions of Eurasia.

lesser white-fronted goose lesser white-fronted geese n
mhionghé bhánéadanach
Anser erythropus, a goose closely related to the larger white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons)

lesson /ˈlɛsən/ [ˈlɛsn̩] lessons n
ceacht
A section of learning or teaching into which a wider learning content is divided.
A learning task assigned to a student; homework.
Something learned or to be learned.
A section of the Bible or other religious text read as part of a divine service.

lest /liːst/ /lɛst/ conjunction
ar eagla go
For fear that; that not; in order to prevent something from happening; in case.

let bygones be bygones /lɛt ˈbaɪɡɒnz biː ˈbaɪɡɒnz/ /lɛt ˈbaɪˌɡɑnz bi ˈbaɪˌɡɑnz/ v
an rud atá thart bíodh sé thart
(intransitive, idiomatic) To disregard or ignore a past difficulty in a relationship or an offence (when dealing with another individual).

let down v
scaoil anuas
(transitive) To allow to descend.

let go v
scaoil (de)
(intransitive, with of, and, transitive, with object before go) To release from one's grasp; to go from a state of holding on to a state of no longer holding on.

let's go phraseologicalUnit
seo leat
Hortative of go, particularly as an cheer expressing encouragement.

lethal /ˈliː.θəl/ more lethal most lethal adj
marfach
Of, pertaining to, or causing death; deadly; mortal; fatal.

letter /ˈletə/ /ˈlɛtə/ /ˈlɛtɚ/ [-ɾə] [-ɾɚ] letters n
litir
A symbol in an alphabet.
A written or printed communication, generally longer and more formal than a note.

letter opener letter openers n
scian pháipéir
A knifelike device with a blunt edge, used for slicing letters open.

letterbox letterboxes n
bosca litreacha bosca poist
A collection point for mail intended for onward delivery, a secure box or receptacle for this purpose.

letterpress letterpresses n
litirphreas

lettuce /ˈlɛtus/ /ˈlɛtəs/ /ˈlɛtɪs/ [ˈlɛɾəs] [ˈlɛɾɪs] lettuces n
leitís
An edible plant, Lactuca sativa and its close relatives, having a head of green and/or purple leaves.

leukocyte /ˈluːkə(ʊ)sʌɪt/ leukocytes n
fuilchill bhán leocaicít
(hematology, cytology, immunology) Any of a class of blood cells that play various roles in cell-mediated immunity.

level /ˈlɛv.əl/ leveler levelest leveller levellest adj
cothrom réidh
The same height at all places; parallel to a flat ground.
cothrom
At the same height as some reference; constructed as level with.
Unvaried in frequency.
Unvaried in volume.

level /ˈlɛv.əl/ levels n
leibhéal
A tool for finding whether a surface is level, or for creating a horizontal or vertical line of reference.
Degree or amount.
(Singapore, education) A school grade or year.
airde leibhéal
A distance relative to a given reference elevation.
urlár
A floor of a multi-storey building.
céim leibhéal
(British) An area of almost perfectly flat land.

lever /ˈliː.və/ /ˈliː.vɚ/ /ˈlɛv.ɚ/ levers n
luamhán
A small such piece to trigger or control a mechanical device (like a switch or a button).

leverage /ˈliːv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈlɛv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ leverages n
cumas luamháin luamhánacht
A force compounded by means of a lever rotating around a pivot; see torque.

leveret /ˈlɛvəɹɪt/ /ˈlɛvɹɪt/ leverets n
patachán
A young hare less than one year old.

levity /ˈlɛ.vɪ.ti/ levities n
éadroime
Lightness of manner or speech, frivolity; flippancy; lack of appropriate seriousness; inclination to make a joke of serious matters.

lewd /ljuːd/ /lud/ lewder lewdest adj
graosta
Lascivious, sexually promiscuous, rude.

lexical /ˈlɛksɪkəl/ adj
foclóireachta léacsach
(linguistics) Concerning the vocabulary, words, sentences or morphemes of a language.
(linguistics) Denoting a content word as opposed to a function word.

lexical item lexical items n
aonad léacsach mír fhoclóireachta
(semantics) A term (that is, a word or sequence of words) that acts as a unit of meaning, including words, phrases, phrasal verbs and proverbs; exemplified by cat, traffic light, take care of, by-the-way, and don't count your chickens before they hatch.

lexicographer /ˌlɛksɪˈkɒɡɹəfə(ɹ)/ lexicographers n
foclóirí
One who writes or compiles a dictionary.

lexicography /-sə-/ /ˌlɛksɪˈkɑɡɹəfi/ /ˌlɛksɪˈkɒɡɹəfi/ lexicographies n
foclóireacht
(uncountable) The art or craft of compiling, writing, and editing dictionaries.
(uncountable, linguistics) The scholarly discipline of analysing and describing the semantic, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships within the lexicon (vocabulary) of a language and developing theories of dictionary components and structures linking the data in dictionaries.

lexicology lexicologies n
foclóireolaíocht
(uncountable, linguistics) The part of linguistics that studies words, their nature and meaning, words' elements, relations between words including semantic relations, words groups and the whole lexicon.

lexicon /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kɑn/ /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kɒn/ /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kən/ lexica lexicons n
foclóir
(rare) Any dictionary.

liable /ˈlaɪ̯əbəl/ [ˈlaɪ̯əbəɫ] [ˈlaɪ̯əbɫ̩] more liable most liable adj
faoi dhliteanas freagrach
Bound or obliged in law or equity; responsible; answerable.

liar /ˈlaɪ.ə/ /ˈlaɪ.ɚ/ liars n
bréagadóir bréagach scaitseálaí éitheoir
A person who frequently lies; someone who tells a lie.

libel /ˈlaɪbəl/ libels n
leabhal
(uncountable) The act or tort of displaying such a statement publicly.

liberalism liberalisms n
liobrálachas
(politics) Any political movement founded on the autonomy and personal freedom of the individual, progress and reform, and government by law with the consent of the governed.

liberate /ˈlɪbəɹeɪt/ v
fuascail saor
(transitive) To set free, to make or allow to be free, particularly

liberation liberations n
fuascailt saoradh
The act of liberating or the state of being liberated.

liberty /ˈlɪb.ə.ti/ /ˈlɪb.ɚ.ti/ /ˈlɪb.ɪ.ti/ [ˈlɪb.ɚ.ɾi] [ˈlɪb.ɪ.ɾi] liberties n
saoirse
The condition of being free from control or restrictions.

libido /lɪˈbiː.dəʊ/ libidos n
libídeo
(psychology) Drives or mental energies related to or based on sexual instincts but not necessarily sexual in and of themselves.

librarian /laɪˈbɹɛɹ.i.ən/ librarians n
leabharlannaí
One who cares for the publications, files etc. in a library, whether staff or volunteer.

librarianship librarianships n
leabharlannaíocht
The act of operating of a library; service as a librarian

library /ˈlaɪbɹi/ /ˈlaɪbɹəɹi/ /ˈlaɪˌbɛɹi/ /ˈlaɪˌbɹɛɹi/ libraries n
leabharlann
An institution which holds books and/or other forms of media for use by the public or qualified people often lending them out, as well as providing various other services for its users.
A collection of books or other forms of stored information.
(genetics) A collection of DNA material from a single organism or relative to a single disease.
(card games) The deck or draw pile.

libre /-bɹeɪ/ /ˈlibɹə/ /ˈliːbɹə/ [ˈlibʁ] adj
saor
(software) With very few limitations on distribution or the right to access the source code to create improved versions, but not necessarily free of charge. [from late 20th c.]

license /ˈlaɪsəns/ licenses n
ceadúnas
A legal document giving official permission to do something; a permit.

license plate license plates n
pláta cláraithe
An identifying tag, usually of metal, bearing a sequence of letters, numbers, or both identifying the vehicle, and placed at the back and, often, also at the front of a motor vehicle.

licentious /laɪ.ˈsɛn.ʃəs/ more licentious most licentious adj
ainrianta drabhlásach
Lacking restraint, or ignoring societal standards, particularly in sexual conduct; sexually unprincipled.
ainrianta
Disregarding accepted rules.

licentiousness licentiousnesses n
ainriantacht drabhlás díolúnas
The property of being licentious.

lichen /ˈlaɪ.kən/ /ˈlɪ.tʃən/ lichen lichens n
léicean
Any of many symbiotic organisms, being associations of algae and fungi, often found as white or yellow-to-blue–green patches on rocks, old walls, etc.

lick /lɪk/ v
ligh
(transitive) To stroke with the tongue.

licorice /ˈlɪ.k(ə).ɹɪs/ /ˈlɪ.k(ə).ɹɪʃ/ licorices n
carra mhilis
(countable) A plant of species Glycyrrhiza glabra, or sometimes in North America, the related American licorice plant Glycyrrhiza lepidota.
liocras
(uncountable, chemistry) A flavouring agent made from dried root portions of the aforementioned plant.

lie /laɪ̯/ lies n
bréag
An intentionally false statement; an intentional falsehood.

lie /laɪ̯/ v
luigh
(intransitive) To rest in a horizontal position on a surface.
(intransitive) To be placed or situated.

lie detector lie detectors n
brathadóir éithigh

lieutenant /l(j)uˈtɛnənt/ /ləˈtɛnənt/ /lɛfˈtɛnənt/ /ˈlɛftɛnənt/ lieutenants n
leifteanant
(military) The lowest junior commissioned officer rank(s) in many military forces, often Army and Marines.

life /laɪf/ lives n
saol beatha beo
(uncountable) The state of organisms preceding their death, characterized by biological processes such as metabolism and reproduction and distinguishing them from inanimate objects; the state of being alive and living.
beatha saol
Nature, reality, and the forms that exist in it.
príosúnacht saoil
(countable) A life assured under a life assurance policy (equivalent to the policy itself for a single life contract).

life cycle /ˈlaɪf ˌsaɪ.kəl/ life cycles n
timthriall na beatha
(biology) The course of stages through which an organism passes from fertilized zygote until maturity, reproduction, and death.

life insurance life insurances n
árachas saoil
A form of insurance on the life of a person, whereby if the person dies then the insurance policy pays out a sum of money to the beneficiary (such as a person's family).

life jacket life jackets n
seaicéad tarrthála
an article of protective clothing that is designed to keep the wearer's head floating above the surface of the water.

lifeform lifeforms n
beathachruth foirm bheatha
Any specific living organism.

lifeguard lifeguards n
garda tarrthála
A lifesaver: a rescuer, usually an expert swimmer, employed to save swimmers in trouble or near drowning at a body of water.

lifelessness n
díbheocht
The property of being lifeless, the lack of apparent animation.

lifeline /ˈlaɪfˌlaɪn/ lifelines n
líne tharrthála téad sábhála
A line to which a drowning or falling victim may cling.

lifestyle /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ lifestyles n
stíl mhaireachtála
A style of living that reflects the attitudes and values of a person or group.

lift /lɪft/ lifts n
ardaitheoir
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) Mechanical device for vertically transporting goods or people between floors in a building.

lift /lɪft/ v
tóg
To try to raise something; to exert the strength for raising or bearing.

lift up v
tóg suas
(transitive) To elevate to a higher position.

lifter /ˈlɪftə/ lifters n
ardaitheoir
Someone or something that lifts or assists in lifting.

ligament /ˈlɪɡəmənt/ ligaments n
ballnasc
(anatomy) A band of strong tissue that connects bones to other bones.

ligand /ˈlaɪ.ɡənd/ /ˈlɪɡ.ənd/ ligands n
liogann
(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry) A molecule or moiety (ion, functional group, or radical) that binds to another chemical entity to form a larger complex; as, especially:

ligature /ˈlɪɡət͡ʃɚ/ ligatures n
nasclitir
(countable, typography) A character that visually combines multiple letters, such as æ, œ, ß or ĳ; also logotype. Sometimes called a typographic ligature.
ceangal
(countable, music) A group of notes played as a phrase, or the curved line that indicates such a phrase.

light /laɪt/ /lʌɪt/ [ɫɐɪ̯ʔ] lighter lightest adj
bán- geal- éadrom
Pale or whitish in color; highly luminous and more or less deficient in chroma.

light /laɪt/ /lʌɪt/ [ɫɐɪ̯ʔ] lights n
solas
(physics, uncountable) Electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range visible to the human eye (about 400–750 nanometers); visible light.
(countable) A source of illumination.
(figurative) Spiritual or mental illumination; enlightenment, useful information.
A flame or something used to create fire.

light /laɪt/ /lʌɪt/ [ɫɐɪ̯ʔ] v
las
(transitive) To set fire to; to set burning.
(transitive, pinball) To make (a bonus) available to be collected by hitting a target, and thus light up the feature light corresponding to that bonus to indicate its availability.

light bulb /ˈlaɪtˌbʌlb/ light bulbs n
bolgán
An evacuated glass bulb containing a metal filament which is heated by electrical resistance to produce light.

light cone light cones n
cón solais

light year /ˈlaɪt.jɜː/ /ˈlaɪt.jɪə/ /ˈlaɪt.jɪɹ/ /ˈläːt.jøː/ light years n
solasbhliain
(astronomy) A unit of length (abbreviation ly; equal to just under 10 trillion kilometres (1016 metres)) equal to the distance light travels in one Julian year; used to measure extremely large distances.

light-headed lighter-headed lightest-headed more light-headed most light-headed adj
aertha
Dizzy or feeling faint, usually as a result of a drop in blood pressure to the brain; delirious.

lighter /ˈlaɪtə/ /ˈlaɪtɚ/ [ˈlaɪɾɚ] lighters n
lastóir lastóir toitíní
A device used to light things, especially a reusable handheld device for creating fire to light cigarettes.

lightheadedness n
aerthacht
The state or quality of being light-headed; dizziness or faintness; flightiness; wandering; delirium.

lighthearted more lighthearted most lighthearted adj
aerach
Joyful, glad, taking pleasure in being alive; not depressed or sad.
Enjoyably lacking of seriousness, not grave.

lighthouse /ˈlaɪthaʊs/ lighthouses n
teach solais
A tower or other structure exhibiting a light or lights to warn or guide sailors.

lighthouse keeper lighthouse keepers n
coimeádaí teach solais
A person who lives in a lighthouse and tends the light together with its optics and mechanisms.

lighting /ˈlaɪtɪŋ/ [-ɾɪŋ] lightings n
soilsiú
The equipment used to provide illumination; the illumination so provided.
The act of activating such equipment, or of igniting a flame etc.

lightning /ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/ [ˈlɐɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ] [ˈlʌɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ] lightnings n
tintreach
A flash of light produced by short-duration, high-voltage discharge of electricity within a cloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the earth.

lightning rod lightning rods n
conduchtaire tintrí
A metallic conductor that is attached to a high point of a building and leads to the ground to protect the building from damage by lightning.

lightproof more lightproof most lightproof adj
solasdíonach
Sealed so that no light can enter.

lightship lightships n
long sholais
(nautical) A vessel riding at anchor and displaying a light for the guidance of sailors, in a position where a fixed lighthouse structure would be impracticable.

ligneous more ligneous most ligneous adj
adhmadúil
Of, or resembling wood; woody.

lignite /lɪɡnaɪ̯t/ lignites n
gual donn
A low-grade, brownish-black coal.

likable /ˈlaɪkəbl̩/ more likable most likable adj
taitneamhach
(of a person) Having qualities tending to result in being liked; friendly, personable.

like /laɪ̯k/ /læ̙ːk/ /lɑːk/ /lɔɪ̯k/ more like most like adj
cosúil
Similar.

like /laɪ̯k/ /læ̙ːk/ /lɑːk/ /lɔɪ̯k/ likes n
leithéid
(sometimes as the likes of) Someone similar to a given person, or something similar to a given object; a comparative; a type; a sort.
is maith liom
(internet) An individual vote showing support for, approval of, or enjoyment of, something posted on the Internet.

like /laɪ̯k/ /læ̙ːk/ /lɑːk/ /lɔɪ̯k/ preposition
ar nós
Similar to, reminiscent of

like /laɪ̯k/ /læ̙ːk/ /lɑːk/ /lɔɪ̯k/ v
is maith le
(obsolete) To have an appearance or expression; to look; to seem to be (in a specified condition).

like father, like son proverb
cad é a dhéanfadh mac an chait ach luch a mharú
A son takes after his father.

like that
ar an aiste sin
(adverbial) In such, the same, a similar way, in that particular manner

likely /ˈlaɪkli/ likelier likeliest more likely most likely adj
dócha is dóigh
Probable; having a greater-than-even chance of occurring.

likeness /ˈlaɪknəs/ likenesses n
cosúlacht
Appearance or form; guise.
That which closely resembles; a portrait.

likewise /ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz/ adv
mar an gcéanna
(manner) In a similar manner.

lilting /ˈlɪltɪŋ/ liltings n
portaireacht portaireacht bhéil
A type of lively singing without any musical accompaniment, where the tune itself is sung, often to nonsense syllables.

lily /ˈlɪli/ lilies n
lile
Any of several flowers in the genus Lilium of the family Liliaceae, which includes a great many ornamental species.

lily of the valley lilies of the valley n
lile na ngleanntán
A flowering plant, Convallaria majalis, with richly fragrant pendant bells.

lima bean /ˈlaɪmə ˌbin/ /ˈlaɪmə ˌbiːn/ lima beans n
pónaire mhór
A plant of species Phaseolus lunatus or the bean it yields.

limb /lɪm/ limbs n
géag
A major appendage of human or animal, used for locomotion (such as an arm, leg or wing).
A branch of a tree.
ciumhais
(astronomy) The apparent visual edge of a celestial body.

limber /ˈlɪmbə(ɹ)/ v
aclaigh
To cause to become limber; to make flexible or pliant.

lime /laɪm/ limes n
aol
(chemistry) Any inorganic material containing calcium, usually calcium oxide (quicklime) or calcium hydroxide (slaked lime).
líoma
Any of several green citrus fruit, somewhat smaller and sharper-tasting than a lemon.
crann líomaí
Any of the trees that bear limes, especially Key lime, Citrus aurantiifolia.
glas líoma uaine líoma
(uncountable) A brilliant, sometimes yellowish, green colour associated with the fruits of a lime tree.

lime /laɪm/ v
aol
(transitive) To treat with calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide (lime).

limekiln limekilns n
tiníl áith aoil
A furnace used to produce lime from limestone.

limerick /ˈlɪm(ə)ɹɪk/ limericks n
luimneach
A humorous, often bawdy verse of five anapaestic lines, with the rhyme scheme aabba, and typically having an 8–8–5–5–8 cadence.

limestone /ˈlaɪmˌstoʊn/ /ˈlaɪmˌstəʊn/ limestones n
aolchloch cloch aoil
An abundant rock of marine and fresh-water sediments; primarily composed of calcite (CaCO3); it occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous.

liminal /ˈlɪmən(ə)l/ more liminal most liminal adj
tairseachúil
Of or pertaining to a beginning or first stage of a process. [from late 19th c.]

limit /ˈlɪmt/ /ˈlɪmɪt/ v
cum teorannaigh
(transitive) To restrict; not to allow to go beyond a certain bound, to set boundaries.

limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/ limitations n
teorannú
The act of limiting or the state of being limited.
cinnteacht
(law) A time period after which some legal action may no longer be brought.

limited /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ more limited most limited adj
teoranta
With certain (often specified) limits placed upon it.

limited company limited companies n
cuideachta theoranta
A company in which the liability of members or subscribers of the company is limited to what they have invested or guaranteed to the company.

limnology limnologies n
linneolaíocht
(ecology) The science concerning the biological, physical and geological properties of fresh water bodies, especially lakes and ponds.

limpet /ˈlɪm.pɪt/ limpets n
bairneach
A small mollusc, of the family Patellidae with a conical shell found clinging to rocks in the intertidal zones of rocky shores.

limpid /ˈlɪmpɪd/ more limpid most limpid adj
glé
Clear, transparent or bright.

limy /ˈlʌɪ.mi/ limier limiest adj
aolmhar
containing or resembling lime

linchpin /ˈlɪnt͡ʃˌpɪn/ linchpins n
dealg acastóra lispin pionna rotha tairne aisil
A pin inserted through holes at the end of an axle or shaft, so as to secure a wheel or shaft-mounted device.

linden /ˈlɪn.dən/ lindens n
teile
The soft wood of such trees.

line /laɪn/ /lɑɪn/ [lɑe̯n] lines n
líne
A path through two or more points (compare ‘segment’); a continuous mark, including as made by a pen; any path, curved or straight.
(geography) A circle of latitude or of longitude, as represented on a map.
The wire connecting one telegraphic station with another, a telephone or internet cable between two points: a telephone or network connection.
The exterior limit of a figure or territory: a boundary, contour, or outline; a demarcation.
A more-or-less straight sequence of people, objects, etc., either arranged as a queue or column and often waiting to be processed or dealt with, or arranged abreast of one another in a row (and contrasted with a column), as in a military formation. [from mid-16th c.]
dorú
A rope, cord, string, or thread, of any thickness.
clólíne dorú líne
A written or printed row of letters, words, numbers, or other text, especially a row of words extending across a page or column, or a blank in place of such text.

line management n
bainistíocht líne
(business) A method of management in which instructions are passed to and from one's superior.

line manager line managers n
bainisteoir líne
The manager who is directly responsible for an employee.

line of battle lines of battle n
líne chatha
(military) The position of troops drawn up in their usual order without any determined maneuver.
(naval) The line or arrangement formed by vessels of war in an engagement.

line of centers lines of centers n
líne na lár

line of force lines of force n
treolíne fórsa
(physics) An imaginary line in a field of force, whose tangent at any point gives the direction of the field at that point and whose number through unit area perpendicular to the field represents its intensity.

line of life lines of life n
líne na beatha

lineage /ˈlɪn.i.ɪd͡ʒ/ lineages n
ginealach líne
Descent in a line from a common progenitor; progeny; descending line of offspring or ascending line of parentage.

linearity /ˌlɪniˈæɹəti/ linearities n
líneacht
The state of being linear.
(mathematics) A relationship between several quantities which can be considered as proportional and expressed in terms of linear algebra, or any mathematical property of a relationship, operation or function that is analogous to such proportionality, satisfying additivity and homogeneity.

linen /ˈlɪnɪn/ linens n
línéadach
(uncountable) Thread or cloth made from flax fiber.

linen closet linen closets n
cófra línéadaigh
A shelved closet or cupboard used for the storage of household linen, particularly bedlinen and associated bedding, but also bathroom and kitchen linen (towels, etc.).

liner /ˈlaɪnɚ/ liners n
línéar
A large passenger-carrying ship, especially one on a regular route; an ocean liner.

linesman linesmen n
fear líne

ling /li(ː)ŋ/ /lɪŋ/ ling lings n
bod mór langa
Any of various marine food fish, of the genus Molva, resembling the cod.
fraoch
Any of various varieties of heather or broom.

lingerie /-ɹi/ /ˈlɑn.ʒə.ɹi/ /ˈlɒndʒəɹeɪ/ /ˈlɒndʒəɹi/ /ˈlɒ̃ʒəɹeɪ/ /ˈlɒ̃ʒəɹi/ /ˈlɔ̃.(d)ʒə.ɹæɪ/ /ˌlɑn.ʒəˈɹeɪ/ /ˌlɔn.(d)ʒəˈɹæɪ/ lingeries n
éadaí cnis
Underwear or nightclothes, especially when lacy or designed to be seductive.

lingering /ˈlɪŋɡəɹɪŋ/ /ˈlɪŋɡɹɪŋ/ lingerings n
leadrán
an act of loitering or waiting.

lingua franca /ˈlɪŋ.ɡwə ˈfɹæŋ.kə/ lingua francas linguae francae linguas franca lingue franche n
francbhéarla
A common language used by people of diverse backgrounds to communicate with one another, often a basic form of speech with simplified grammar, particularly, one that is not the first language of any of its speakers.

lingual /ˈlɪŋ.ɡju.əl/ /ˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ adj
teangach teangúil
(anatomy, dentistry, relational) Related to, near, or on the side toward the tongue.

linguiform more linguiform most linguiform adj
teangachruthach
shaped like a tongue

linguist /ˈlɪŋɡwɪst/ linguists n
teangeolaí
One who studies linguistics.

linguistic /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/ adj
teangach teangúil
Of or relating to language.
teangeolaíoch
Of or relating to linguistics.

linguistics /liŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ n
teangeolaíocht
The systematic and scholarly study of language.

lining /ˈlaɪnɪŋ/ linings n
líneáil
A covering for the inside surface of something.

link /lɪŋk/ links n
nasc
(engineering) Any intermediate rod or piece for transmitting force or motion, especially a short connecting rod with a bearing at each end; specifically (in steam engines) the slotted bar, or connecting piece, to the opposite ends of which the eccentric rods are jointed, and by means of which the movement of the valve is varied, in a link motion.

link /lɪŋk/ v
nasc
(intransitive, of a Web page) To contain a hyperlink to another page.

links /lɪŋks/ links n
dumhach
A golf course, especially one situated on dunes by the sea.

linnet /ˈlɪnɪt/ linnets n
gleoiseach coinnleoir óir
A small passerine bird, the common linnet (Linaria cannabina, syn. Carduelis cannabina), in the finch family Fringillidae, native to Europe, western Asia, and north Africa.

linseed /ˈlɪnsiːd/ linseeds n
ros ros lín
The seed of the flax plant, which yields linseed oil.

linseed oil linseed oils n
ola rois
An oil, extracted from flax seeds, used as a drying agent in paints, varnishes etc.

lint /lɪnt/ lints n
clúmh
Clinging fuzzy fluff that clings to fabric or accumulates in one's pockets or navel etc.
línolann
A fine material made by scraping cotton or linen cloth; used for dressing wounds.

lintel /ˈlɪn.təl/ lintels n
fardoras
(architectural element) A horizontal structural beam spanning an opening, such as between the uprights of a door or a window, and which supports the wall above.

lion /ˈlaɪən/ lion lioness lions n
leon
A big cat, Panthera leo, native to Africa, India and formerly much of Europe.
(in particular) A male lion, as opposed to a lioness.
(by extension) Any of various extant and extinct big cats, especially the mountain lion.
A Chinese foo dog.
A person who shows attributes associated with the lion, such as strength, courage, or ferocity.
A famous person regarded with interest and curiosity.
A light brown color that resembles the fur of a lion.
(historical) An old Scottish coin, with a lion on the obverse, worth 74 shillings.

lip /lɪp/ lips n
liopa beola
(countable) Either of the two fleshy protrusions around the opening of the mouth.

lipid /ˈlɪpɪd/ lipids n
lipid
(organic compound) Any of a group of organic compounds including the fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides. Lipids are characterized by being insoluble in water, and account for most of the fat present in the human body.

lipophilicity lipophilicities n
lipifileacht
(uncountable, chemistry) The condition of being lipophilic

lipped /lɪpt/ adj
gobach
Having a raised lip.

lipstick /ˈlɪpˌstɪk/ lipsticks n
béaldath
(uncountable) Makeup for the lips.

liquefied natural gas n
gás nádúrtha leachtaithe
(petrochemistry) Natural gas that has been cooled and compressed to liquid form for transport and storage.

liquefy /ˈlɪ.kwɪ.faɪ/ v
leachtaigh
(transitive) To make into a liquid.

liqueur /lɪˈk(j)ɔɹ/ /lɪˈk(j)ɝ/ /lɪˈkjuɹ/ /lɪˈkjɔː/ /lɪˈkjʊə/ liqueurs n
licéar
A flavoured alcoholic beverage that is usually very sweet and contains a high percentage of alcohol.

liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ more liquid most liquid adj
leachtach
Flowing freely like water; fluid; not solid and not gaseous; composed of particles that move freely among each other on the slightest pressure.
(finance, of an asset) Easily sold or disposed of without losing value.

liquidity /lɪkˈwɪdəti/ liquidities n
leachtacht
(uncountable) The state or property of being liquid.
(economics, countable) An asset's property of being able to be sold without affecting its value; the degree to which it can be easily converted into cash.
(finance) Availability of cash over short term: ability to service short-term debt.

liquor /ˈlɪk.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɪk.ɚ/ liquors n
licéar
A liquid obtained by cooking meat or vegetables (or both).
deoch mheisciúil
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia) Strong alcoholic drink derived from fermentation and distillation; more broadly, any alcoholic drink.

lisp /lɪl͡sp/ /lɪsp/ /lɪθp/ v
labhair go briotach
To pronounce the consonant ‘s’ imperfectly; to give ‘s’ and ‘z’ the sounds of ‘th’ (/θ/, /ð/). This is a speech impediment common among children.

lisper lispers n
briotaire briotóg
One who has a lisp.

lisping lispings n
briotaireacht
That which is spoken in a lisp.

list /lɪst/ lists n
liosta
(nautical) A careening or tilting to one side, usually not intentionally or under a vessel's own power. [from early 17th c.]
A register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself. [from 1600]

listen /ˈlɪs.ən/ [ˈlɪs.n̩] v
éist
(intransitive, _, except in archaic usage) To use one's sense of hearing in an intentional way; to make deliberate use of one's ears; to pay attention to or wait for a specific sound.

listless /ˈlɪstləs/ more listless most listless adj
díbheo fuairnéalach fuarbhruite fuarspreosach fuaránta lagspreosach
Lacking energy, enthusiasm, or liveliness.

listlessness listlessnesses n
díbheocht
The state of being listless; apathetic indifference; lethargy.

literacy /ˈlɪtəɹəsi/ /ˈlɪtɹəsi/ [-ɾ(ə)ɹə-] literacies n
litearthacht
The ability to read and write.

literal /ˈlɪt(ə)ɹəl/ /ˈlɪɾəɹəl/ more literal most literal adj
beacht
Exactly as stated; read or understood without additional interpretation; according to the letter or verbal expression; real; not figurative or metaphorical, and etymonic rather than idiomatic.

literary criticism n
critic liteartha
(literature) The study, discussion, evaluation, and interpretation of literature.

literature /ˈlɪt.ə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈlɪt.ə.ɹə.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɪt.ɚ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈlɪt.ɚ.ə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈlɪt.ɹə.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɪt.ɹə.t͡ʃɚ/ [ˈlɪt͡ʃ.ɹə.t͡ʃɚ] [ˈlɪɾ.ɚ.ə.t͡ʃɚ] literatures n
litríocht
The body of all written works.
The collected creative writing of a nation, people, group, or culture.
(usually preceded by the) All the papers, treatises, etc. published in academic journals on a particular subject.

lithe /laɪð/ /laɪθ/ /lɪθ/ lither lithest adj
scaoilte
Slim but not skinny.
ligthe scaoilte
Capable of being easily bent; flexible.

lithium /ˈlɪθi.əm/ lithiums n
litiam
(uncountable) The simplest alkali metal, the lightest solid element, and the third lightest chemical element (symbol Li) with an atomic number of 3. It is a soft, silvery metal.

lithograph /ˈlɪθəɡɹæf/ /ˈlɪθəɡɹɑːf/ lithographs n
liteagraf
A printed image produced by lithography.

lithograph /ˈlɪθəɡɹæf/ /ˈlɪθəɡɹɑːf/ v
liteagraf
To create a copy of an image through lithography.

lithographer lithographers n
liteagrafaí
A person who makes lithographs, who does lithography.

lithography /lɪθˈɒɡɹəfi/ lithographies n
liteagrafaíocht
The process of printing an image by drawing the image with a water-repellent material onto a hard, flat surface (typically metal), then copying the surface by applying water and ink (or the equivalent) to it and pressing another material against it. [from 1813]

lithology lithologies n
liteolaíocht
(uncountable) The study of rocks, with particular emphasis on their description and classification.

lithosphere lithospheres n
litisféar
(geology) The rigid, mechanically strong, outer layer of the Earth; divided into twelve major plates.

lithostratigraphy lithostratigraphies n
liteastratagrafaíocht
(geology) The study and classification of rock strata according to their distinct lithological properties.

litotes /laɪˈtəʊ.tiːz/ litotes n
liotóid
(rhetoric) A figure of speech whereby something is stated by denying its opposite, particularly the negation of a negative quality to say something positive.

litre /ˈli.tɚ/ /ˈliː.tə/ [ˈli.ɾɚ] litres n
lítear
The metric unit of fluid measure, equal to one cubic decimetre. Symbols: l, L, ℓ

litter /ˈlɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɪtɚ/ [ˈlɪɾɚ] litters n
ál
(collective, countable) The offspring of a mammal born in one birth.

little /ˈlɘtl̩/ /ˈlɪt(ə)l/ /ˈlɪtl̩/ [ˈlɪtʰɫ̩] [ˈlɪɾɫ̩] [ˈɫɪɾɫ̩] least less lesser littler littlest adj
beag
Small in size.
Very young, of childhood age.

little /ˈlɘtl̩/ /ˈlɪt(ə)l/ /ˈlɪtl̩/ [ˈlɪtʰɫ̩] [ˈlɪɾɫ̩] [ˈɫɪɾɫ̩] least less lesser adv
beag
Not much.

little /ˈlɘtl̩/ /ˈlɪt(ə)l/ /ˈlɪtl̩/ [ˈlɪtʰɫ̩] [ˈlɪɾɫ̩] [ˈɫɪɾɫ̩] least less determiner
beagán
Not much, only a little: only a small amount (of).

little auk little auks n
falcóg bheag
A dovekie, a bird of the species Alle alle.

little boy little boys n
buachaill
A male child, especially one younger than ten years of age.
(AU, NZ) A small saveloy often consumed with tomato sauce at parties, also known as a cocktail sausage or a cheerio.

little finger little fingers n
méar bheag
The outermost and smallest finger of the hand, next to the ring finger, farthest from the thumb.

little girl little girls n
cailín cailíneog
A female child, especially one younger than ten years of age.

little grebe little grebes n
lapairín locha spágaire tonn
A small freshwater bird of Europe (Tachybaptus ruficollis).

little gull little gulls n
sléibhín beag
A small migratory gull, Larus minutus, from Northern Europe and Asia.

little owl /ˈlɪtəl ˌaʊl/ little owls n
ulchabhán beag
A species of small European owl, Athene noctua.

little ringed plover little ringed plovers n
feadóigín chladaigh
A small plover, Charadrius dubius

little tern little terns n
geabhróg bheag
The seabird Sternula albifrons.

live /laɪv/ more live most live adj
beo
(only used attributively) Having life; that is alive.
(engineering) Imparting power; having motion.
beo dearg
Being in a state of ignition; burning.

live /lɪv/ v
mair bí beo bí i do bheatha
(intransitive) To be alive; to have life.
bí i do chónaí cónaigh
(intransitive) To have permanent residence somewhere, to inhabit, to reside.

live action /laɪv ˈækʃən/ n
beoghníomhaíocht
(often used attributively) Filmed video, as opposed to video produced by animation or by computer graphics.

live and learn v
tagann ciall le haois
An exhortation to gain knowledge from lived experiences. Commonly used after a misfortune to indicate a moral lesson.

live oak /laɪv oʊk/ live oaks n
dair shíorghlas
An evergreen species of oak characteristic of the US South, southern live oak (Quercus virginiana).

live on v
tar suas
(idiomatic, transitive) To survive solely by consuming a certain thing.

livelihood /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/ /ˈlaɪvlɪhʊd/ livelihoods n
slí bheatha slí mhaireachtála
A means of providing the necessities of life for oneself (for example, a job or income). [from 14th c.]

liveliness /ˈlaɪvlinəs/ livelinesses n
abúlacht aibíocht anamúlacht beogacht éirimiúlacht
The quality of being lively; animation; energy.

lively /ˈlaɪv.li/ livelier liveliest adj
aerach beoga bíogúil cróga crógach cróganta
Full of life; energetic.

liven up v
beoigh suas
(transitive) To improve a person's mood by making them more energetic

liver /ˈlɪvə/ /ˈlɪvɚ/ livers n
ae
(anatomy) A large organ in the body that stores and metabolizes nutrients, destroys toxins and produces bile. It is responsible for thousands of biochemical reactions.
(countable, uncountable) This organ, as taken from animals used as food.

liver fluke liver flukes n
leith leith uisce puchán ae
Any of several parasitic trematode worms that infect the livers of various mammals, including humans.

liverwort /ˈlɪv.ə.wɜːt/ /ˈlɪv.ɚ.wɔːɹt/ /ˈlɪv.ɚ.wɝːt/ liverworts n
aelus
A type of bryophyte with a leafy stem or leafless thallus characterized by a dominant gametophyte stage and a lack of stomata on the sporophyte stage of the life cycle.

livery /ˈlɪ.və.ɹi/ /ˈlɪv.ɹi/ liveries n
libhré éide
Any distinctive identifying uniform worn by a group, such as the uniform worn by chauffeurs and male servants.
libhré
The paint scheme of a vehicle or fleet of vehicles.

livestock /ˈlaɪvstɑk/ /ˈlaɪvstɒk/ livestocks n
stoc
Farm animals; animals domesticated for cultivation.

livid /ˈlɪvɪd/ livider lividest more livid most livid adj
dubhghlas (dúghlas) gorm gormach
Having a dark, bluish appearance.

living fossil /ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈfɑsl̩/ /ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈfɒsl̩/ living fossils n
iontaise bheo
(evolutionary theory) Any species discovered first as a fossil and believed extinct, but which is later found living; an organism that has remained unchanged over geological periods. [from 1859]

living room /ˈlɪvɪŋ ɹuːm/ living rooms n
seomra suí
(countable) A room in a private house used for general social and leisure activities.

living thing living things n
beothach
An entity such as an animal, a plant, a fungus or a microorganism; something that lives, as opposed to being non-living or dead.

living will living wills n
uacht an bheo
(legal) A document, made by a person when still legally fit to do so, which provides clear instructions or principles to be employed by a surrogate decision-maker, such as expressing a desire to be allowed to die instead of being kept alive by artificial means, in the event of being severely disabled or suffering from a terminal illness.

lizard /ˈlɪz.əd/ /ˈlɪz.ɚd/ lizards n
earc laghairt
(chiefly, in attributive use) Lizard skin, the skin of these reptiles.

llama /ˈjɑmə/ /ˈlɑmə/ /ˈlɑː.mə/ llamas n
láma
A South American mammal of the camel family, Lama glama, used as a domestic beast of burden and a source of wool and meat.

load /loʊd/ /ləʊd/ loads n
ualach
A burden; a weight to be carried.

loaded /ˈloʊdɪd/ /ˈləʊdɪd/ more loaded most loaded adj
luchtaithe
Burdened by some heavy load; packed.
lódáilte
(of a projectile weapon) Having a live round of ammunition in the chamber.

loading dock loading docks n
bá lastála bá lódála cuas lastála cuas lódála
An area where goods are loaded and unloaded into and out of vehicles

loaf /loʊf/ /ləʊf/ loaves n
bairín bollóg builín
(also loaf of bread) A block of bread after baking.

loaf /loʊf/ /ləʊf/ v
bheith ag leadaíocht (thart)
(intransitive) To do nothing, to be idle.

loafer /ˈloʊfɚ/ /ˈləʊfə/ loafers n
liairne liúdramán lófaire scraiste
An idle person.
lófaire
A shoe with no laces, resembling a moccasin.

loan /loʊn/ /ləʊn/ loans n
iasacht
(law, banking, finance) A sum of money or other property that a natural or legal person borrows from another with the condition that it be returned or repaid over time or at a later date (sometimes with interest).
The contract and array of legal or ethical obligations surrounding a loan.
airleacan iasacht
The permission to borrow any item.

loanword /ˈloʊnˌwɝd/ /ˈləʊnˌwɜː(ɹ)d/ loanwords n
focal iasachta
A word directly taken into one language from another one with little or no adaptation.

loath /loʊθ/ /ləʊθ/ loather loathest adj
leasc leisciúil
Averse, disinclined; reluctant, unwilling.

loathing /ˈloʊðɪŋ/ /ˈləʊðɪŋ/ loathings n
déistin gnás
Sense of revulsion, distaste, detestation, extreme hatred or dislike.

lobby /ˈlɑ.bi/ /ˈlɒb.i/ /ˈlɔb.i/ lobbies n
forhalla
An entryway or reception area; vestibule; passageway; corridor.

lobbyist /ˈlɑ.bi.ɪst/ /ˈlɒ.bi.ɪst/ lobbyists n
brústocaire
A person who is paid to lobby politicians and encourage them to vote a certain way or otherwise use their office to effect a desired result.

lobe /ləʊb/ lobes n
bog liopa maothán
Any projection or division, especially one of a somewhat rounded form. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

lobster /ˈlɑb.stɚ/ /ˈlɒb.stə/ lobsters n
gliomach
A crustacean of the Nephropidae family, dark green or blue-black in colour turning bright red when cooked, with a hard shell and claws, which is used as a seafood.
A crustacean of the Palinuridae family, pinkish red in colour, with a hard, spiny shell but no claws, which is used as a seafood.

local /ˈloʊkl̩/ /ˈləʊkl̩/ more local most local adj
logánta áitiúil
(computing, of a variable or identifier) Having limited scope (either lexical or dynamic); only accessible within a certain portion of a program.
(group theory, of a property of a finite group) Detectable from the behavior of the normalizers of the nontrivial p-subgroups.

locative case locative cases n
áitreabhach
(linguistics, grammar) A case used to indicate place, or the place where, or wherein; corresponding roughly to the English prepositions "in", "on", "at", and "by".

loch /lɑk/ /lɒk/ /lɒx/ /lɔx/ lochs n
loch
(Ireland, Scotland) A bay or arm of the sea.

lock /lɑk/ /lɒk/ locks n
glas
Something used for fastening, which can only be opened with a key or combination.
A fastening together or interlacing; a closing of one thing upon another; a state of being fixed or immovable.
ciabhóg dlaoi ghruaige dlaíóg ghruaige duailín gruaige dual gruaige gibne
A tuft or length of hair, wool, etc.

lock /lɑk/ /lɒk/ v
glasáil
(transitive) To fasten with a lock.

lockdown /ˈlɑkˌdaʊn/ /ˈlɒkˌdaʊn/ lockdowns n
dianghlasáil
The confinement of people in their own rooms (e.g., in a school) or cells (in a prison), or to their own homes or areas (e.g., in the case of a city- or nation-wide issue) as a security measure after or amid a disturbance or as a non-pharmaceutical intervention in a pandemic.

lockjaw lockjaws n
glas fiacla
(pathology) A spasmodic, nervous system disease brought on by the tetanus bacteria. It causes muscles to seize up and may cause death by suffocation.

locksmith /ˈlɑksmɪθ/ /ˈlɒksmɪθ/ locksmiths n
glasadóir glasaire
one who practices locksmithing

locomotion /ləʉ.kəˈməʉ.ʃən/ /ləʊ.kəˈməʊ.ʃən/ /ˌloʊ.kəˈmoʊ.ʃən/ locomotions n
féinghluaiseacht
(uncountable) The ability to move from place to place, or the act of doing so.

locust /ˈloʊ.kəst/ /ˈləʊ.kəst/ locusts n
lócaiste
Any of various often leguminous trees and shrubs, especially of the genera Robinia and Gleditsia; locust tree. [from 17th c.]

locust bean locust beans n
pónaire lócaiste
A seed of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua).

lode /loʊd/ /ləʉd/ /ləʊd/ lodes n
síog
(mining) A vein of metallic ore that lies within definite boundaries, or within a fissure.

lodestone /ˈloʊdˌstoʊn/ lodestones n
adhmaint cloch adhmainte
A naturally occurring magnet.

lodging /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪŋ/ /ˈlɒd͡ʒɪŋ/ lodgings n
lóistín
A place to live or lodge.
iostas lóistín
Sleeping accommodation.

lodgings /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪŋz/ /ˈlɒd͡ʒɪŋz/ n
lóistín
A room or set of rooms in another person's house where a person lodges.

loft /lɑft/ /lɒft/ /lɔft/ lofts n
lochta
An attic or similar space (often used for storage) in the roof of a house or other building.

log /lɑɡ/ /lɒɡ/ /lɔɡ/ logs n
bloc
The trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches.
taifead
A chronological record of actions, performances, computer/network usage, etc.

log in v
logáil isteach
(computing, transitive, intransitive) To gain access to a computer system, usually by providing a previously registered username and password.

log out v
logáil amach
(computing) To exit a user account in a computer system, so that one is not recognized until signing in again.

loganberry loganberries n
lóganchaor
A hybrid berry, produced by crossing a raspberry with a blackberry, considered a species Rubus loganobaccus, a variety Rubus ursinus var. loganobaccus, or a nothospecies Rubus × loganobaccus.

logbook /ˈlɑɡ.bʊk/ /ˈlɔɡ.bʊk/ logbooks n
leabhar loinge
(nautical) A book in which measurements from the ship's log are recorded, along with other salient details of the voyage.

logger /ˈlɑɡɚ/ /ˈlɒɡə/ loggers n
lománaí
A worker whose occupation is to harvest trees.

logic /ˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪk/ /ˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪk/ /ˈlɔd͡ʒ.ɪk/ logics n
loighic
(uncountable) A method of human thought that involves thinking in a linear, step-by-step manner about how a problem can be solved. Logic is the basis of many principles including the scientific method.
(uncountable, mathematics) The mathematical study of relationships between rigorously defined concepts and of mathematical proof of statements.
(uncountable) Any system of thought, whether rigorous and productive or not, especially one associated with a particular person.
(countable, sociology) A system of thought or collection of rhetoric, especially one associated with a social practice.

logistical adj
lóistíochúil
Relating to logistics.

logistics /ləˈd͡ʒɪstɪks/ n
lóistíocht
(operations) The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from their point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of satisfying customer requirements.
(military) The procurement, supply, maintenance, and transportation of equipment, facilities, and personnel.

loincloth loincloths n
bréid gabhail
A garment worn about the loins and covering the crotch.

loitering loiterings n
leadrán
The action of the verb loiter.

lollipop /ˈlɑ.li.pɑp/ /ˈlɒl.i.pɒp/ lollipops n
líreacán
An item of confectionery consisting of a piece of candy or sweet attached to a stick.

lone /loʊn/ /ləʊn/ adj
aonarach aonartha aonarúil
Solitary; having no companion.

loneliness /ˈloʊnlinəs/ lonelinesses n
uaigneas
A feeling of depression resulting from being alone or from having no companions.
The condition or state of being alone or having no companions.

long /lɑŋ/ /lɒŋ/ /lɔŋ/ /lɔːŋ/ /lʊŋɡ/ longer longest adj
fada
Having much distance in space from one end to the other.
Having great duration.

long ago longer ago longest ago adv
fadó i bhfad ó shin
At a time in the past, especially the distant past.

long live v
go maire
May he, she, they, or it live for a long time; may it prosper.

long long ago phraseologicalUnit
fadó fadó

long time no see interjection
is fada ná faca thú
(idiomatic) I (or we) have not seen you for a long time.

long-eared owl /ˌlɒŋɪədˈaʊl/ long-eared owls n
ceann cait
Asio otus, a species of owl which breeds in Europe, Asia, and North America. Long eared owls are partially migratory, moving south in winter from the northern parts of their range.

long-lived /ˈlɒŋˈlaɪvd/ /ˈlɒŋˈlɪvd/ more long-lived most long-lived adj
cianaosta saolach saolmhar
Having a long lifespan; surviving for a long period of time.

long-sleeved more long-sleeved most long-sleeved adj
fadmhuinchilleach muinchillí fada
(of a garment) Having long sleeves, often extending from shoulder to wrist.

long-suffering more long-suffering most long-suffering adj
fulangach
Having endured mental or physical discomfort for a protracted period of time patiently or without complaint.

long-tailed tit long-tailed tits n
meantán earrfhada
Any of many subspecies of small passerine birds with long tails, Aegithalos caudatus, found throughout Europe and Asia

long-winded /ˈlɔŋˌwɪndəd/ more long-winded most long-winded adj
fadchainteach fadálach
Tediously long in speaking; consuming much time; unnecessarily verbose.

longbow /ˈlɒŋbəʊ/ longbows n
bogha fada
A large bow that has a strong tension, and is usually more than 3 feet tall. The most famous longbows in history were the English longbows, which were crafted of yew.

longevity /lɑnˈd͡ʒɛv.ə.ti/ /lɒnˈd͡ʒɛv.ɪ.ti/ /lɒŋˈd͡ʒɛv.ɪ.ti/ /lɔnˈd͡ʒɛv.ə.ti/ /lɔŋˈd͡ʒev.ə.ti/ [lɑnˈd͡ʒɛv.ə.ɾi] [lɔnˈd͡ʒɛv.ə.ɾi] [lɔŋˈd͡ʒev.ə.ɾi] longevities n
buaine fadsaolaí
The quality of being long-lasting, especially of life.

longhorn /ˈlɒŋhɔːn/ /ˈlɔŋhɔɹn/ longhorns n
bó fhadadharcach
A breed of beef cattle, having long horns, bred in Texas and other parts of southwest United States.

longhorn beetle longhorn beetles n
ciaróg fhadadharcach
Any beetle from the Cerambycidae family, notable for their extremely long antennae.

longhorned adj
fadadharcach
Having long horns

longing /ˈlɒŋɪŋ/ /ˈlɔːŋɪŋ/ longings n
cumha
An earnest and deep, not greatly passionate, but rather melancholic desire.

longitudinal /lɔŋɡəˈt͡ʃʉːdənəl/ /ˌlɑnd͡ʒəˈtuːdənəl/ /ˌlɒŋɡɪˈt͡juːdɪnl̥/ /ˌlɔŋɡɪˈt͡ʃʉwdɪnəl/ adj
comhréireach
(science, and, social science, of a study) Sampling data over time rather than merely once.

loofah /ˈluːfə/ loofahs n
lúfach
Any of several tropical vines of the genus Luffa, having almost cylindrical fruit with a spongy, fibrous interior; the dishcloth gourd.

look /luːk/ /lʉk/ /lʊk/ [luːx] looks n
dreach
A facial expression.

look /luːk/ /lʉk/ /lʊk/ [luːx] v
féach amharc
To try to see, to pay attention to with one’s eyes.

look after v
bí i bhfeighil
(transitive, obsolete) To expect, look forward to. [14th–18th c.]

look at v
féach

look for v
cuardaigh
(transitive) To search for; to seek.

look forward to v
ag súil le
(transitive, idiomatic) To anticipate, expect, or wait for, especially with a feeling of approval or pleasure; to be excited or eager to.

lookout /ˈlʊkaʊt/ lookouts n
crannóg ionad faire
A vantage point with a view of the surrounding area.

loom /lum/ /luːm/ looms n
taibhsigh
A distorted appearance of something as seen indistinctly or from afar.
seol
A frame or machine of wood or other material, in which a weaver forms cloth out of thread; a machine for interweaving yarn or threads into a fabric, as in knitting or lace making.

loon /ˈluːn/ loons n
foitheach lóma
(US, Canada) Any of various birds, of the order Gaviiformes, of North America and Europe that dive for fish and have a short tail, webbed feet and a yodeling cry.

loony /ˈluːni/ loonies n
gealt
(informal, offensive, derogatory) An insane or very foolish person.

loop /luːp/ loops n
dol
A length of thread, line or rope that is doubled over to make an opening.

loophole /ˈluphoʊl/ /ˈluːphəʊl/ loopholes n
poll lámhaigh
(historical) A slit in a castle wall; today, any similar window for shooting a ranged weapon or letting in light. Also written loop hole.
lúb ar lár
(figurative) A method of escape, especially an ambiguity or exception in a rule or law that can be exploited in order to avoid its effect.

loose /luːs/ /ˈlʉs/ looser loosest adj
scaoilte scaoilteach
Not fixed in place tightly or firmly.
scaoilte
Not compact.
(not comparable, sports) Not being in the possession of any competing team during a game.
scaoilteach
Indiscreet.

loose /luːs/ /ˈlʉs/ v
scaoil scaoil amach
(transitive) To let loose, to free from restraints.
scaoil
(transitive) To unfasten, to loosen.
(transitive) To make less tight, to loosen.
(archery) To shoot (an arrow).
(obsolete) To solve; to interpret.

loose-tongued more loose-tongued most loose-tongued adj
béalach scaoilteach
garrulous, gossipy

loosen /ˈluːsn̩/ v
scaoil
(transitive) To make loose.

looseness /ˈluːsnəs/ loosenesses n
liobairne
The quality or fact of being free from rigidity, attachment or restraint; not tight, not firmly attached or taut.

loot /luːt/ /ɫʉːt/ v
creach slad
(transitive) Synonym of plunder, to seize by violence particularly during the capture of a city during war or (video games) after successful combat.

looter /ˈlutɚ/ looters n
sladaire sladaí
One who loots, who steals during a general disturbance such as a riot or natural disaster.

looting lootings n
sladaireacht sladaíocht
The act of stealing during a general disturbance.

lop /lɒp/ v
meang
(transitive, usually with off) To cut off as the top or extreme part of anything, especially to prune a small limb off a shrub or tree, or sometimes to behead someone.

lopsided /ˈlɑp.saɪ.dɪd/ /ˈlɒp.saɪ.dəd/ more lopsided most lopsided adj
aontaobhach leataobhach
Not even or balanced; not the same on one side as on the other.

loquacious /loʊˈkweɪʃəs/ /ləʊˈkweɪʃəs/ more loquacious most loquacious adj
béalach teangach
Talkative; chatty.

loquat /ˈloʊkwɑt/ /ˈləʊkwɒt/ loquats n
crann locuataí
Any of species Eriobotrya japonica of trees (Japanese medlar, Chinese plum, Japanese plum).
locuat
The fruit of this tree. It is as large as a small plum, but grows in clusters, and contains four or five large seeds.

lord /lɔɹd/ /lɔːd/ lords n
tiarna
(obsolete) The master of the servants of a household; (historical) the master of a feudal manor
One possessing similar mastery over others; (historical) any feudal superior generally; any nobleman or aristocrat; any chief, prince, or sovereign ruler; in Scotland, a male member of the lowest rank of nobility (the equivalent rank in England is baron)

lord protector lords protector n
tiarna cuinge
The regent for the kingdom of England and/or Scotland.
The head of state of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
(rare) A vidame.
A temporary regent, acting for the absent monarchic head of state.

lordling /ˈlɔɹdlɪŋ/ /ˈlɔːdlɪŋ/ lordlings n
fothiarna mionuasal
An unimportant or petty lord.

lordly /ˈlɔː(ɹ)dli/ lordlier lordliest more lordly most lordly adj
tiarnúil
Proud; haughty; imperious; insolent.

lordship /ˈlɔɹd.ʃɪp/ /ˈlɔːd.ʃɪp/ lordships n
an Tiarna
(hence, with "his" or "your", often capitalised) Title applied to a lord, bishop, judge, or another man with a title.
tiarnas
Seigniory; domain; the territory over which a lord holds jurisdiction; a manor.
Dominion; power; authority.

lose /luːz/ v
caill
(transitive) To cause (something) to cease to be in one's possession or capability.

loss /lɑs/ /lɒs/ /lɔs/ losses n
anachain

lost /lɑst/ /lɒst/ /lɔst/ /lɔːst/ loster lostest more lost most lost adj
easpach
ar strae
Having wandered from, or unable to find, the way.
caillte
In an unknown location; unable to be found.

lost and found lost and founds n
oifig na n-earraí caillte
(US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) A department, service or location where items that are found can be claimed by their owners.

lost cause lost causes n
cúis caillte
(idiomatic) A person or thing that is hopeless or futile.

lot /lɑt/ /lɒt/ /lɔt/ lots n
gabháltas
A distinct portion or plot of land, usually smaller than a field.
cinniúint
The part, or fate, that falls to one, as it were, by chance, or without one's planning.

lotus /ˈloʊtəs/ /ˈləʊtəs/ loti lotuses n
loiteog
A kind of aquatic plant, genus Nelumbo in the family Nelumbonaceae.
A legendary plant eaten by the Lotophagi of the Odyssey that caused drowsiness and euphoria.

lotus-eater lotus-eaters n
giolla na leisce
(figuratively) Someone with a carefree, idyllic life.

loud /laʊd/ louder loudest adj
ard glórach
(of a sound) Of great intensity.
callánach
(of a person, thing, event, etc.) Noisy.
gáifeach scéiniúil
(of clothing, decorations, etc.) Having unpleasantly and tastelessly contrasting colours or patterns; gaudy.

loudly /ˈlaʊdli/ loudlier loudliest more loudly most loudly adv
os ard
In a loud manner; at a high volume.

loudmouth loudmouths n
trumpadóir
(derogatory) One who talks too much or too loudly, especially in a boastful or self-important manner.

loudmouthed more loudmouthed most loudmouthed adj
ardghlórach
Tending to loud, indiscreet, especially bragging, speech.

loudspeaker /laʊdˈspiːkə/ /ˈlaʊdspiːkɚ/ loudspeakers n
callaire
An electromechanical transducer that converts an electrical signal into audible sound.

lounger loungers n
bruachaire cathaoir shuaimhnis
A chair made for lounging.

louse /laʊs/ lice louses n
míol cnis míol
A small parasitic wingless insect of the order Psocodea.

lousewort louseworts n
lus an ghiolla
Any of very many semiparasitic flowering plants, of the genus Pedicularis, related to wood betony.

lout /laʊt/ /lʌʊt/ louts n
amhas cuilceach maistín scabhaitéir
A troublemaker, often violent; a rude violent person; a yob.
bastún bodach buailtíneach cábóg
A clownish, awkward fellow; a bumpkin.

loutish adj
gamalach
Resembling a lout.

louver /ˈluːvə/ /ˈluːvɚ/ louvers n
lata lúvar
A type of turret on the roof of certain medieval buildings designed to allow ventilation or the admission of light. [from 14th c.]
(chiefly, _, in plural) A series of sloping overlapping slats or boards which admit air and light but exclude rain etc. [from 16th c.]
Any of a system of slits, as in the hood of an automobile, for ventilation.

louvered adj
lúvrach
(American spelling) Having louvers.

lovable /ˈlʌvəbəl/ more lovable most lovable adj
grámhar
Inspiring or deserving love or affection; adorable or cute.

lovage /ˈlʌvəd͡ʒ/ /ˈlʌvɪd͡ʒ/ lovages n
luáiste
A perennial Mediterranean herb, Levisticum officinale, with odor and flavor resembling celery.

love /lav/ /lʊv/ /lʌv/ [läv~lɐv] [lɘv] [lɘʋ] loves n
grá armacas
(uncountable) Strong affection.
grá ansacht rún
(countable) A person who is the object of romantic feelings; a darling, a sweetheart, a beloved.

love /lav/ /lʊv/ /lʌv/ [läv~lɐv] [lɘv] [lɘʋ] v
gráigh
(usually, transitive, sometimes, _, intransitive, stative) To have a strong affection for (someone or something).
(transitive) To be strongly inclined towards something; an emphatic form of like.
(usually, transitive, sometimes, _, intransitive) To seek the good or honor of (someone), care deeply about, to be dedicated to (someone or something).
(transitive, euphemistic) To have sex with (perhaps from make love).

love child love children n
páiste suirí
(euphemistic) A child born as a result of a romantic liaison between parents not married to one another; an illegitimate child.

love is blind proverb
folaíonn grá gráin
A person who is in love can see no faults or imperfections in the person whom they love.

love match love matches n
cleamhnas cumainn
A marriage, betrothal, or other romantic relationship which is based on a spontaneous mutual feeling of love by the two individuals in the relationship, as opposed to a relationship based on other reasons or an arranged marriage brokered by parents or by third parties.

love story love stories n
scéal grá
A story about love.

love token love tokens n
séad suirí
a gift or keepsake that is symbolic of a love relationship

love triangle /ˈlʌv ˌtɹaɪ.æŋɡəl/ love triangles n
triantán suthain
A situation in which two suitors vie or compete for the love of the same person.

lovebird lovebirds n
éan suirí
Any small parrot from one of the nine species within the genus Agapornis. Sometimes they are kept as cage birds and are noted for their affection towards each other.

loved one loved ones n
ansacht
A very close friend or family member for whom a person has feelings of endearment, one of someone's close ones; sometimes: next of kin (for example on hospital admission form).

loving /ˈlʌvɪŋ/ lovinger lovingest more loving most loving adj
armacach ceanúil cionmhar grámhar muirneach
Expressing a large amount of love to other people; affectionate.

low /ˈloʊ/ /ˈləʊ/ lower lowest adj
íseal
Small, not high (in amount or quantity, value, force, energy, etc).
(especially in, _, biology) Simple in complexity or development.
(phonetics) Made with a relatively large opening between the tongue and the palate; made with (part of) the tongue positioned low in the mouth, relative to the palate.

low blow low blows n
buille íseal
(boxing) An unfair or illegal blow that lands below the opponent’s waist.

low-born more low-born most low-born adj
anuasal
Born in a family of low status.

low-key /ˈloʊki/ /ˈloʊˈki/ /ˈləʊki/ /ˌloʊˈki/ /ˌləʊˈkiː/ more low-key most low-key adj
íosghile
(art, photography) Dark; characterized by dark tones and muted colors. [from 19th c.]

lower /ˈloʊ.ɚ/ /ˈləʊ.ə/ v
ísligh
(transitive) To let descend by its own weight, as something suspended; to let down
(transitive) to pull down
(transitive) To depress as to direction
(transitive) To reduce the degree, intensity, strength, etc., of
(reflexive) To humble oneself; to do something one considers to be beneath one's dignity.
(transitive) To reduce (something) in value, amount, etc.
(intransitive) To fall; to sink; to grow less; to diminish; to decrease
(computing, transitive) To reduce operations to single machine instructions, as part of compilation of a program.

lower class lower classes n
íosaicme
A class of people in a society characterized by low incomes, low level of education, high unemployment and, as a result of these, a low social status.

lowland lowlands n
ísealchríoch
An area which is considered particularly low or lower than surrounding areas.

lowly /ˈloʊli/ /ˈləʊli/ lowlier lowliest adj
uiríseal íseal
Not lofty or sublime; humble.

loyalist /ˈlɔɪəlɪst/ loyalists n
dílseoir
A person who is loyal to a cause, generally used as a political affiliation.

loyalty /ˈlɔɪəlti/ loyalties n
dílseacht
The state of being loyal; fidelity.
Faithfulness or devotion to some person, cause or nation.

loyalty card loyalty cards n
cárta dílseachta
A card used in a company's loyalty program, which rewards customers who make regular purchases.

lozenge /ˈlɑ.zɪnd͡ʒ/ /ˈlɒz.ɪnd͡ʒ/ /ˈlɔz.ɪnd͡ʒ/ lozenges n
muileata
(shapes, heraldiccharge) A quadrilateral with sides of equal length (rhombus), having two acute and two obtuse angles.
losainn
A small tablet (originally diamond-shaped) or medicated sweet used to ease a sore throat.

lubricant /ˈljuːbɹɪkənt/ /ˈlubɹəkənt/ /ˈluːbɹɪkənt/ lubricants n
bealadh
A substance used to reduce friction between objects or surfaces.

lucid /ˈl(j)uːsɪd/ lucider lucidest more lucid most lucid adj
glé
Clear; easily understood.

lucidity lucidities n
gléine
The property of being lucid; lucidness.

luck /lʊk/ /lʌk/ [lɐk] lucks n
ádh
Something that happens to someone by chance, a chance occurrence, especially a favourable one.

luckily /ˈlʌkəli/ /ˈlʌkɪli/ more luckily most luckily adv
ádhúil
In a lucky manner; by good fortune; fortunately.

lucky /ˈlʌki/ luckier luckiest more lucky most lucky adj
méanar sonasach ádhúil
(of people) Favoured by luck; fortunate; having good success or good fortune.

lucrative more lucrative most lucrative adj
brabúsach gnóthachúil éadálach
Producing a surplus; profitable.

luggage /ˈlʌɡɪd͡ʒ/ luggages n
bagáiste
(uncountable) The bags and other containers that hold a traveller's belongings.

lugsail lugsails n
lug seoil
A quadrilateral sail bent upon a yard that crosses the mast obliquely; a lug.

lukewarm /ˈluk.wɔɹm/ /ˌlukˈwɔɹm/ /ˌluːkˈwɔːm/ lukewarmer lukewarmest more lukewarm most lukewarm adj
bog alabhog alathe bogthe
(temperature) Between warm and cool.
patuar fuarbhruite fuarchráifeach fuarspreosach lagspreosach
Unenthusiastic (about a proposal or an idea).

lull /lʌl/ lulls n
snag
A period of reduced activity; a respite.

lullaby /ˈlʌləbaɪ/ lullabies n
suantraí
A cradlesong, a soothing song to calm children or lull them to sleep.

lumbago /lʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ/ /ˌləm-/ /ˌlʌmˈbeɪˌɡoʊ/ lumbagos n
lumbágó
(uncountable) Backache of the lumbar region or lower back, which can be caused by muscle strain or a slipped disc.

lumbar /ˈlʌm.bɑɹ/ /ˈlʌm.bɑː/ more lumbar most lumbar adj
lumbach
Related to the lower back or loin, specifically the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis.

lumbar puncture lumbar punctures n
polladh lumbach
(medical) A diagnostic and at times therapeutic procedure performed to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for biochemical, microbiological, and cytological analysis, or rarely to relieve increased intracranial pressure.

lumber /ˈlʌm.bə/ /ˈlʌm.bɚ/ lumbers n
crainn leagtha
(North America) Wood sawn into planks or otherwise prepared for sale or use, especially as a building material. [from 17th c.]

lumberjack /ˈlʌm.bə.d͡ʒæk/ /ˈlʌm.bɚ.d͡ʒæk/ lumberjacks n
lománaí
A person whose work is to fell trees.

luminescence /ˌluː.məˈnɛs.əns/ luminescences n
lonracht
(physics) Any emission of light that cannot be attributed merely to the temperature of the emitting body.

luminescent /luːmɪˈnɛs(ə)nt/ more luminescent most luminescent adj
lonrach
Emitting light by luminescence.

luminism n
lúmanachas
(arts) An American artistic style of the 19th century, characterised by effects of light in landscapes.

luminous /ˈluːmɪnəs/ more luminous most luminous adj
lonrach
Emitting light; glowing brightly; shining.

lump /lʌmp/ lumps n
daba
Something that protrudes, sticks out, or sticks together; a cluster or blob; a mound or mass of no particular shape.

lumpsucker lumpsuckers n
léasán leice
Any of the scorpaeniform fish in the family Cyclopteridae, with adhesive pelvic discs.

lumpy /ˈlʌmpi/ lumpier lumpiest adj
cnapánach fadharcánach
Full of lumps, not smooth, uneven.

lunacy /ˈljuː.nə.si/ /ˈluː.nə.si/ lunacies n
gealtachas
(of a person or group of people) The state of being mad, insanity

lunar /ˈl(j)uːnə/ /ˈlunɚ/ adj
éascaí
(astronomy) Of or pertaining to travel through space between the Earth and the Moon, or exploration and scientific investigation of the Moon.

lunar calendar lunar calendars n
féilire na gealaí
A calendar that measures the passage of the year according to the phases of the moon, as opposed to the revolution of the earth around the sun; a calendar of the lunar year.

lunatic /ˈluːnətɪk/ more lunatic most lunatic adj
gan chiall gealtach
Crazed, mad, insane, demented.

lunatic /ˈluːnətɪk/ lunatics n
gealt
An insane person.

lunch /lʌnt͡ʃ/ /lʌnʃ/ [lʌ̃nt͡ʃ] lunches n
lón
A light meal usually eaten around midday, notably when not as main meal of the day.

lunch /lʌnt͡ʃ/ /lʌnʃ/ [lʌ̃nt͡ʃ] v
lón a ithe
(transitive) To treat to lunch.

lunchbreak lunchbreaks n
sos lóin
A period of rest from work for the purpose of eating lunch.

lunchtime /ˈlʌnt͡ʃtaɪm/ lunchtimes n
am lóin
The time or hour at or around which lunch is normally eaten.

lune /luːn/ /lɪu̯n/ lunes n
corrán
(geometry) A concave figure formed by the intersection of the arcs of two circles on a plane, or on a sphere the intersection between two great semicircles.

lung /ˈlʌŋ/ lungs n
scamhóg
(anatomy) A biological organ of vertebrates that controls breathing and oxygenates the blood.

lung cancer lung cancers n
ailse scamhóg
Cancer of the lung(s).

lunge line lunge lines n
adhastar traenála
(British) A rope-like piece of equipment, usually 20 feet or longer in length, attached to the bridle, lungeing cavesson, or halter of a horse to provide control while lungeing.

lungeing rein lungeing reins n
adhastar traenála
A piece of cotton or nylon webbing, usually around 25mm wide by about 20 metres (or longer) in length, attached with a swivel to the bridle, lungeing cavesson, or headcollar of a horse to provide control while exercising or training it.

lungfish lungfish lungfishes n
iasc scamhógach
air-breathing fish, of the class Dipnoi, that have four limblike appendages instead of fins

lupin /ˈluːpɪn/ lupins n
lúipín
Any member of the genus Lupinus in the family Fabaceae.

lush /lʌʃ/ lusher lushest adj
méith
(of vegetation) Dense, teeming with life; luxuriant.

lust /lʌst/ lusts n
ainmhian anmhacnas collaíocht
A feeling of strong desire, especially such a feeling driven by sexual arousal.

lustful /ˈlʌst.fəl/ more lustful most lustful adj
ainmhianach drúisiúil
Full of lust; driven by lust.

lustfulness lustfulnesses n
drúisiúlacht
The state, quality, or condition of being lustful

lustrous more lustrous most lustrous adj
lonrach
Having a glow or lustre.

lute /l(j)uːt/ /luːt/ /lɪu̯t/ lutes n
liúit
A fretted stringed instrument, similar to the guitar, having a bowl-shaped body or soundbox; any of a wide variety of chordophones with a pear-shaped body and a neck whose upper surface is in the same plane as the soundboard, with strings along the neck and parallel to the soundboard.

lutenist lutenists n
liúiteadóir seinnteoir liúite
One who plays the lute, a lutist.

lutetium /ljuːˈtiːʃiəm/ n
lúitéitiam
A chemical element (symbol Lu) with an atomic number of 71, a silvery-white metal which resists corrosion in dry air.

lutist lutists n
seinnteoir liúite
One who plays the lute.

luxuriant /-ɔːɹi.ənt/ /-ɝi.ənt/ /ləkˈʃʊɹi.ənt/ /ləɡ-/ /ləɡˈʒʊɹi.ənt/ /lʌɡˈzjʊəɹi.ənt/ /lʌɡˈʒʊəɹi.ənt/ more luxuriant most luxuriant adj
borrchas fásmhar rábach sómasach tiubh uaibhreach
Abundant in growth or detail.

luxurious /lʌkˈsjʊə.ɹɪəs/ /lʌkˈʃʊɹ.i.əs/ /lʌɡˈzjʊə.ɹɪəs/ /lʌɡˈʒʊə.ɹɪəs/ /lʌɡˈʒʊɹ.i.əs/ more luxurious most luxurious adj
macnasach
Very fine in quality and comfortable.

luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/ /ˈlʌkʃəɹi/ /ˈlʌɡʒəɹi/ luxuries n
sómas
Very wealthy and comfortable surroundings.
só
Something that is pleasant but not necessary in life.

lyase lyases n
liáise
(enzyme) Any of many classes of enzyme that catalyze the breaking of a specific form of bond

lych-gate lych-gates n
urtheach reilige
A churchyard gateway with a roof, under which a corpse was laid during a funeral to await the arrival of the clergyman.

lychee /laɪ̯ˈt͡ʃiː/ /ˈlaɪ̯t͡ʃi/ /ˈlit͡ʃi/ lychees n
lítsí
The Chinese tropical fruit tree Litchi chinensis, of the soapberry family.

lye /laɪ/ lyes n
buac
An alkaline liquid made by leaching ashes (usually wood ashes).
Potassium or sodium hydroxide (caustic soda).

lymph /lɪmf/ [lɪmpf] lymphs n
limfe
(physiology) A colourless, watery, coagulable bodily fluid which bathes the tissues and is carried by the lymphatic system into the bloodstream; it resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets.

lymph gland lymph glands n
faireog limfe nód limfe
(anatomy, immunology, informal) .

lymph node lymph nodes n
faireog limfe nód limfe
(anatomy, immunology) Each of the small oval bodies of the lymphatic system, distributed along the lymphatic vessels, that are clustered in the armpits, groin, neck, chest and abdomen. They act as filters, with an internal honeycomb of connective tissue filled with lymphocytes and macrophages that collect and destroy bacteria, viruses and foreign matter from lymph. When the body is fighting an infection, these lymphocytes multiply rapidly and produce a characteristic swelling of the lymph nodes.

lymphoma /lɪmˈfoʊ.mə/ lymphomas lymphomata n
liomfóma
(oncology, pathology) A malignant tumor that arises in the lymph nodes or in other lymphoid tissue.

lynch /lɪnt͡ʃ/ v
linseáil
To execute (somebody) without a proper legal trial or procedure, especially by hanging and backed by a mob.

lynx /lɪŋks/ lynx lynxes n
lincse
Any of several medium-sized wild cats, mostly of the genus Lynx.

lyophobic more lyophobic most lyophobic adj
liófóbach
(chemistry, of a colloid) Having no affinity for the dispersion medium and thus easily precipitated.

lyre /laɪɹ/ /ˈlaɪ.ə/ /ˈlaɪ.ɚ/ lyres n
lir
An ancient stringed musical instrument (a yoke lute chordophone) of Greek origin, consisting of two arms extending from a body to a crossbar (a yoke), and strings, parallel to the soundboard, connecting the body to the yoke.
A lyre-shaped sheet music holder that attaches to a wind instrument when a music stand is impractical.

lyrebird lyrebirds n
liréan
Either of two large ground-dwelling Australian songbirds, of the genus Menura, named because of the beautiful tail feathers of the male of one species, the superb lyrebird (Menura novaehollandiae), which can be erected to look like a lyre, and notable for their extraordinary ability to mimic natural and artificial sounds from their environment.

lyric /ˈlɪɹ.ɪk/ lyrics n
liric
A lyric poem.

lyrical /ˈlɪɹɪkəl/ more lyrical most lyrical adj
liriceach liriciúil
Appropriate for or suggestive of singing.
Expressive of emotion.

lyrics /ˈlɪɹ.ɪks/ n
liricí
The words to a song (or other vocal music).

macabre /məˈkɑb/ /ˌməˈkɑ.bɚ/ /ˌməˈkɑ.bɹə/ /ˌməˈkɑː.bə(ɹ)/ /ˌməˈkɑː.bɹə/ more macabre most macabre adj
adhfhuafar
Ghastly, shocking, terrifying.

macaque /məˈkæk/ /məˈkɑ(ː)k/ macaques n
meacaic
Any of a group of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae, especially genus Macaca.

mace /meɪs/ maces n
más
A ceremonial form of this weapon.

machicolation /məˌtʃɪkəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /məˌt͡ʃɪkəˈleɪʃən/ machicolations n
poll lámhaigh uchtbhalla pollta
(architectural element) An opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building from which missiles can be shot or heated items dropped upon assailants attacking the base of the walls.

machine /məˈʃin/ /məˈʃiːn/ machines n
meaisín
A device that directs and controls energy, often in the form of movement or electricity, to produce a certain effect.
(historical) A contrivance in the Ancient Greek theatre for indicating a change of scene, by means of which a god might cross the stage or deliver a divine message; the deus ex machina.

machine /məˈʃin/ /məˈʃiːn/ v
meaisínigh
To shape or finish by machinery; (usually, more specifically) to shape subtractively by metal-cutting with machine-controlled toolpaths.

machine gun machine guns n
meaisínghunna
A type of fully automatic firearm that fires bullets in rapid succession by a single action of the trigger and is capable of sustained fire.

machine language machine languages n
meaisínteanga teanga mheaisín
(programming) The set of instructions that a particular computer is designed to execute; generated from an assembly language by an assembler, or from a high-level language by a compiler or interpreter.

mackerel /ˈmæk(ə)ɹəl/ mackerel mackerels n
maicréal ronnach murlas
Certain smaller edible fish, principally true mackerel and Spanish mackerel in family Scombridae, often speckled,

mackerel shark mackerel sharks n
craosaire
Any shark of the order Lamniformes, having two dorsal fins an anal fin, five gill slits and eyes without nictitating membrane
Any shark of the family Lamnidae.

mackerel sky mackerel skies n
spéir dhroim an ronnaigh spéir ronnach
A sky filled with a regular pattern of altocumulus clouds somewhat resembling the skin of a mackerel.

mackintosh /ˈmækɪntɑʃ/ /ˈmækɪntɒʃ/ mackintoshes n
cóta báistí cóta fearthainne cóta uiscedhíonach
A waterproof long coat made of rubberized cloth.
éadach uiscedhíonach
Waterproof rubberized cloth.

macramé /məˈkɹɑːmeɪ/ /məˈkɹɑːmi/ /ˈmækɹəˌmeɪ/ macramés n
macraime
A form of decorative textile made by knotting and weaving.

macro- /ˈmæk.ɹoʊ/ /ˈmæk.ɹəʊ/ prefix
macra-
large
long
large in quantity

macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/ /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌɛ.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/ n
maicreacnamaíocht
The study of the entire economy in terms of the total amount of goods and services produced, total income earned, the level of employment of productive resources, and the general behavior of prices.

macron /ˈmeɪkɹɑn/ /ˈmeɪkɹɒn/ /ˈmækɹɑn/ /ˈmækɹɒn/ macra macrons n
macran macrón
(orthography) A short, straight, horizontal diacritical mark (◌̄) placed over a letter, usually to indicate that the pronunciation of a vowel is long. [from 19th c.]

macrophotography n
macra-fótagrafaíocht
Photography that is done up close; close-up photography.

macroscopic adj
macrascópach
Visible to the unassisted eye.

macrospore macrospores n
macraspór
One of the specially large spores of certain flowerless plants, as Selaginella, etc.

madder /ˈmædə(ɹ)/ /ˈmædɚ/ [ˈmadə(ɹ)] [ˈmæɾɚ] madders n
madar
The root of the plant, used as a medicine or a dye.
A dye made from the plant.
A deep reddish colour, like that of the dye.

madman /ˈmædmən/ madmen n
fear mire
A male who is insane or mentally disturbed.

magenta /məˈd͡ʒɛntə/ magentas n
maigeanta
A colour which is close to an equal mixture of red and blue which is an additive secondary colour but a subtractive primary colour evoked by the combination of red and blue light.

maggot /ˈmæɡət/ maggots n
cruimh
A soft, legless larva of a fly or other dipterous insect, that often eats decomposing organic matter. [from 15th c.]

maggoty /ˈmæɡəti/ more maggoty most maggoty adj
cruimheach crumhógach
(literally) Infested with and/or partially eaten by maggots; flyblown.

magic /ˈmad͡ʒɪk/ /ˈmæd͡ʒɪk/ adj
draíochtach
Having supernatural talents, properties or qualities attributed to magic. [from 14th c.]

magic /ˈmad͡ʒɪk/ /ˈmæd͡ʒɪk/ magics n
draíocht
The application of rituals or actions, especially those based on occult knowledge, to subdue or manipulate natural or supernatural beings and forces in order to have some benefit from them. [from 14th c.]
A specific ritual or procedure associated with such magic; a spell; a magical ability. [from 14th c.]
A conjuring trick or illusion performed to give the appearance of supernatural phenomena or powers. [from 19th c.]

magic lantern magic lanterns n
laindéar draíochta
(historical) An early light projector and precursor to the slide projector that could achieve simple animation by moving and merging images.

magic mushroom magic mushrooms n
beacán draíochta muisiriún mire
(informal) Any mushroom-like fungus that has psychedelic effects.

magic wand magic wands n
slat draíochta
A wand, usually made of wood, that is used to perform magic.
réiteach draíochta
(figuratively) A means which will effect an instant solution.

magical /ˈmæd͡ʒɪkəl/ more magical most magical adj
rúnda
Of, relating to, or by means of magic.

magician /məˈd͡ʒɪʃən/ magicianess magicians n
draíodóir draoi
A person who plays with or practices allegedly supernatural magic.

magnanimity /ˌmæɡnəˈnɪmɪti/ magnanimities n
gart móraigeantacht mórintinn
The quality of being magnanimous; greatness of mind; elevation or dignity of soul.

magnanimous /mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/ more magnanimous most magnanimous adj
gartach mór móraigeanta mórintinneach
Noble and generous in spirit.

magnesium /ˌmæɡˈnizi.əm/ /ˌmæɡˈniʒəm/ /ˌmæɡˈniːzi.əm/ n
maignéisiam
The chemical element (symbol Mg) with an atomic number of 12. It is a light, easily flammable, silvery-white alkaline earth metal.

magnet /ˈmæɡnət/ /ˈmæɡnɪt/ magnets n
maighnéad adhmaint
A piece of material that attracts some metals by magnetism.

magnet- /maɡˌniːt/ prefix
maighnéada-
magnet, magnetic, magnetism

magnetic /mæɡˈnɛtɪk/ more magnetic most magnetic adj
adhmainteach maighnéadach
Of, relating to, operating by, or caused by magnetism.
Having the properties of a magnet, especially the ability to draw or pull.
Determined by earth's magnetic fields.

magnetic field magnetic fields n
réimse maighnéadach
(physics) A condition in the space around a magnet or electric current in which there is a detectable magnetic force and two magnetic poles are present.

magnetism /ˈmæɡ.nəˌtɪz.əm/ magnetisms n
maighnéadas adhmainteas
(physics) The property of being magnetic.

magnetize v
maighnéadaigh
(transitive, physics) To make magnetic.

magnetomotive more magnetomotive most magnetomotive adj
maighnéadghluaiseach
(physics) capable of producing magnetic flux

magnifying glass magnifying glasses n
gloine mhéadaithe
An instrument made of convex glass, used to magnify.

magniloquent more magniloquent most magniloquent adj
mórfhoclach
Using pompous speech; speaking with deliberately long or esoteric words.

magnitude /ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/ magnitudes n
méid
(uncountable, countable) The absolute or relative size, extent or importance of something.
(astronomy) A logarithmic scale of brightness defined so that a difference of 5 magnitudes is a factor of 100.
(uncountable) The apparent brightness of a star, with lower magnitudes being brighter; apparent magnitude
méid creatha talún
(seismology) A measure of the energy released by an earthquake (e.g. on the Richter scale).

magnolia /ˌmæɡˈnoʊ.li.ə/ magnolias n
magnóilia
(countable) The flower of a magnolia tree.
(countable, uncountable) A creamy white colour, like that of some magnolia flowers.

magnum opus /ˌmæɡnəm ˈoʊpəs/ /ˌmæɡnəm ˈəʊpəs/ magna opera magnum opi magnum opuses n
ardsaothar
A great or important work of literature, music or art, a masterpiece.
The best, most popular, or most renowned achievement of an author or artist, representing their major life effort.

magpie /ˈmæɡˌpaɪ/ magpies n
snag breac meaig
One of several kinds of bird in the family Corvidae, especially Pica pica.

maharaja /ˌmɑ.hɑˈɹɑː.d͡ʒɑ/ /ˌmɑ.hɑˈɹɑː.d͡ʒə/ /ˌmɑ.həˈɹɑː.d͡ʒə/ maharajas n
maharáiseá
A Hindu monarch ranking above a raja, an emperor.

maid /meɪd/ maids n
ainnir cailín maighdean
(dated, or, poetic) A girl or an unmarried young woman; maiden.
A female servant or cleaner (short for maidservant).
(archaic) A virgin, now female but originally one of either gender.

maiden /ˈmeɪdən/ maidens n
ainnir bruinneall bé maighdean
(now, _, chiefly, _, literary) A girl or an unmarried young woman.
maighdean
(archaic) A female virgin.

maidenhair /ˈmeɪdənhɛəɹ/ /ˈmeɪdənhɛː/ maidenhairs n
cos dhubh folt bé
Either of two species of genus Adiantum of fern with delicate, hair-like stalks, especially Adiantum capillus-veneris.

maidenhead maidenheads n
maighdeanas
(uncountable) Virginity.

maidenhood /ˈmeɪd(ə)nhʊd/ maidenhoods n
iníonacht iníonas maighdeanas ócht
(uncountable) The condition of being a maiden; the time when one is a maiden or young girl.
maighdeanas ócht
A woman's virginity or maidenhead.

maidenlike more maidenlike most maidenlike adj
maighdeanúil mánla
Like a maiden; gentle, demure.

maidenly more maidenly most maidenly adj
maighdeanúil mánla

maidservant maidservants n
banseirbhíseach
A female servant; a maid.

main clause main clauses n
príomhchlásal
(grammar) A clause that can stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence and contains at least a subject and a verb.

main sequence main sequences n
príomhsheicheamh
(star) A major grouping of stars represented on a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram by a nearly uniform band of increasing luminosity with increasing surface temperature.

mainland /-lænd/ /mæɪnlænd/ /ˈmeɪnlænd/ /ˈmeɪnlənd/ mainlands n
mórthír míntír tír mór
The continent; the principal land, as distinguished from islands or a peninsula.

mainland China pn
mórthír na Síne
The People's Republic of China, viewed as the general geographical region administered by the PRC in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War (as opposed to Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan which are coastal and insular areas)

mainstay /ˈmeɪn.steɪ/ mainstays n
comhla chatha
A chief support.

mainstream more mainstream most mainstream adj
lárshrutha príomhshrutha
Used or accepted broadly rather than by small portions of population, market, scientific community, etc.

maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ /mənˈteɪn/ v
coinnigh
To keep up; to preserve; to uphold (a state, condition etc.). [from 14th c.]

maintenance /ˈmeɪnt(ə)nəns/ /ˈmeɪntɪnəns/ [ˈmẽɪ̃(n)ʔ(ə)nəns] maintenances n
cothabháil
coinneáil
Actions performed to keep some machine or system functioning or in service.

maisonette /meɪ.zəˈnɛt/ maisonettes n
teachín teaghasán
a small house

maize /meɪz/ [meːz] maizes n
arbhar Indiach grán buí
Corn; a type of grain of the species Zea mays.

major /ˈmeɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ majors n
maor maor airm
(military ranks) A rank of officer in the army and the US air force, between captain and lieutenant colonel.
príomhábhar
(education, North America, Australia, New Zealand) The principal subject or course of a student working toward a degree at a college or university.

major arcana n
na rúnchártaí móra
The 22 trumps of a deck of tarot cards.

major axis major axes n
mór-ais
(geometry) The longest diameter of an ellipse, running through the center and foci, with its ends being the widest points of the shape.

major key major keys n
mórghléas
(music) A musical key based upon a major scale.

major premise major premises n
mórleagan
(logic) In a categorical syllogism, the premise whose terms are the syllogism's major term and middle term.

major term major terms n
mórthéarma
(logic) In a syllogism, the term that is the predicate of the conclusion.

make /meɪk/ [meɪkʲ] [meːk] makes n
cineál déanamh
Brand or kind; model.

make /meɪk/ [meɪkʲ] [meːk] v
cóirigh déan tabhair ar
(obsolete) To act in a certain manner; to have to do; to manage; to interfere; to be active; often in the phrase to meddle or make.

make a mistake v
déan dearmad déan earráid
To err, to be wrong. (This entry is a translation hub.)

make for v
déan ar
(idiomatic) To set out to go (somewhere); to move towards.

make friends v
déan cairdeas
(intransitive) To form friendships with others.

make fun of v
bí ag magadh
(idiomatic, informal) To tease, ridicule or make jokes about, generally in a pejorative manner.

make known v
scaoil
(transitive) To announce (some information) generally.
(transitive) To disclose (a secret).

make sail v
éadach a dhéanamh
(nautical) To extend an additional quantity of sail (i.e. to spread a sail or sails).

make sense v
ciall a bhaint as
(intransitive, idiomatic, with of) To decipher or understand.
ciall a bheith le
(informal) Used to express interest or desire in something; to be pleasing or beneficial; to work, be operative, or be advantageous to.

make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ v
dreach
folíon
To compensate, to fill in, to catch up.
déan suas
To invent, to imagine, to concoct
To make social or romantic advances to; to pay court to. [from 18th c.]

makeshift /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/ makeshifts n
ainmniúchas earra ionaid siocair
A temporary (usually insubstantial) substitution.

makeup /ˈmeɪkʌp/ makeups n
dreachadh smideadh
(countable, uncountable) Cosmetics; colorants and other substances applied to the skin to alter its appearance.

malachite /ˈmæl.əˌkaɪt/ malachites n
malaicít
(mineral) A bright green mineral, a basic copper carbonate, Cu2CO3(OH)2; one of the principal ores of copper.

malaise /-ˈlɛz/ /mæˈleɪz/ /mɑˈleɪz/ /məˈleɪz/ malaises n
easláinte meath-thinneas
A feeling of general bodily discomfort, fatigue or unpleasantness, often at the onset of illness.

malamute /ˈmæl.ə.mjuːt/ malamutes n
malamútach
An ancient northern breed of dog of the husky type, particularly used as a sled dog.

malapropism /ˈmæləpɹɑpˌɪzəm/ /ˈmæləpɹɒpˌɪzəm/ malapropisms n
mífheilteachas
(uncountable) The blundering use of an absurdly inappropriate word or expression in place of a similar-sounding one.

male /meɪl/ maler malest more male most male adj
fireannach
Belonging to the sex which typically produces sperm, or to the gender which is typically associated with it. [from 14th c.]

male fern male ferns n
raithneach mhadra
Dryopteris filix-mas, from which is derived a vermifuge preparation.

malefactor /ˈmæləˌfæktɚ/ malefactors n
bithiúnach
An evildoer.

malevolent /məˈlɛvələnt/ more malevolent most malevolent adj
anchroíoch
Having or displaying ill will; wishing harm on others.
Having an evil or harmful influence.

malformation malformations n
anchuma míchuma mídhéanamh éagruth
An abnormal formation.

malignancy /məˈlɪɡ.nən.si/ malignancies n
aincis urchóideacht
The state of being malignant or diseased.
urchóid urchóideacht
A malignant cancer; specifically, any neoplasm that is invasive or otherwise not benign.
urchóid
That which is malign; evil, depravity, malevolence.

malignant /məˈlɪɡnənt/ more malignant most malignant adj
aingí
Harmful, malevolent, injurious.
ainciseach urchóideach
(medicine) Tending to produce death; threatening a fatal issue.

malinger /məˈlɪŋɡə/ /məˈlɪŋɡɚ/ v
bheith ag meathlóireacht
(ambitransitive) To feign illness, injury, or incapacitation in order to avoid work, obligation, or perilous risk.

mall /mæl/ /mɑl/ /mɔːl/ malls n
ceantar siopaí ionad siopadóireachta meal meal siopadóireachta
An enclosed shopping centre. [from 20th c.]

mallard /ˈmæl.ɑː(ɹ)d/ /ˈmælɚd/ mallard mallards n
lacha
Anas platyrhynchos, a common and widespread dabbling duck, natively found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, whose male has a distinctive dark green head.

malleus /ˈmæl.i.əs/ mallei n
casúirín mailléas
(anatomy) The small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear.

malpractice malpractices n
míchleachtas
The improper treatment of a patient by a physician that results in injury or loss.
Improper or unethical conduct by a professional or official person.

malt /mɑlt/ /mɒlt/ /mɔlt/ /mɔːlt/ malts n
braich
Malted grain (sprouted grain) (usually barley), used in brewing and otherwise.

malt vinegar malt vinegars n
braichfhínéagar fínéagar braiche

malt whisky malt whiskies n
fuisce braiche uisce beatha braiche
Whisky made only from malted barley.

maltose /ˈmɔːltəʊz/ maltoses n
maltós
(carbohydrate) A disaccharide, C12H22O11 formed from the digestion of starch by amylase; is converted to glucose by maltase; it is an isomer of trehalose

mamma /ˈmæmə/ mammae mammas n
faireog mhamach mama
(anatomy, plural mammae) The milk-secreting organ of female humans and other mammals which includes the mammary gland and the nipple or teat; a breast; an udder.

mammal /ˈmæməl/ mammals n
mamach
An animal of the class Mammalia, characterized by being warm-blooded, having hair and producing milk with which to feed its young.

mammary /ˈmæməɹi/ adj
cíochach cíochmhar
(biology) Of or relating to mamma or breast (of a woman or a female animal).

mammary gland mammary glands n
faireog bhainne faireog mhamach
(anatomy) A gland that secretes milk for suckling an infant or offspring.

mammiform adj
cíoch-chruthach
Shaped like a breast.

mammography mammographies n
X-ghathú cíche mamagrafaíocht
(medicine) X-ray examination of the breasts for diagnosing and locating abnormalities, especially tumours.

mammoth /ˈmæməθ/ mammoths n
mamat
Any species of the extinct genus Mammuthus, of large, usually hairy, elephant-like mammals with long curved tusks and an inclined back, which became extinct with the last retreat of ice age glaciers during the late Pleistocene period, and are known from fossils, frozen carcasses, and Paleolithic cave paintings found in North America and Eurasia.

man /meːn/ /mæn/ [meən] [mɑn] [mɛn] [mɛən] [mẽə̃n] men n
duine
(collective) All humans collectively: mankind, humankind, humanity. (Sometimes capitalized as Man.)
fear
A male person, usually an adult; a (generally adult male) sentient being, whether human, supernatural, elf, alien, etc.

man in the moon /ˌmæn ən ðə ˈmun/ /ˌmæn ɪn ðə ˈmuːn/ pn
Dónall na gealaí
An image of a man perceived in the dark maria (plains or "seas") and light highlands or other features of the Moon, originally regarded as a man with a burden on his back or accompanied by a small dog, and now more commonly as a man's face in the full moon or his profile in a crescent moon; hence, an imaginary man thought to be living on the Moon.

man management n
bainistíocht daoine
The organization and motivation of people who work in an organization.

man of letters men of letters n
duine liteartha litrí
(dated) A literary man; a scholar or author.

man overboard interjection
fear i bhfarraige
(nautical) A cry used to announce that one of the crew or passengers has fallen over the side of the vessel.

man proposes, God disposes proverb
is tusa a dúirt agus ní hé Dia
Things don't always work out as they were planned.

man-made adj
de dhéantús an duine saorga
Created by people, as opposed to occurring in nature; artificial or synthetic.

manage /ˈmænədʒ/ /ˈmænɪdʒ/ v
bainistigh
(transitive) To direct or be in charge of.

management /mənˈeɪd͡ʒmənt/ /ˈmænəd͡ʒmənt/ /ˈmænɪd͡ʒmənt/ managements n
bainisteoireacht bainistiú bainistíocht reachtas riar
(uncountable) Administration; the use of limited resources combined with forecasting, planning, leadership and execution skills to achieve predetermined specific goals.

manager /ˈmæn.ə.d͡ʒɚ/ /ˈmæn.ɪ.d͡ʒə/ [ˈmeən.ə.d͡ʒɚ] managers n
bainisteoir
(management) A person whose job is to manage something, such as a business, a restaurant, or a sports team.

managerial /ˌmænəˈdʒɪəɹi.əl/ more managerial most managerial adj
bainisteoireach
Of or relating to a manager or management; involving management-like duties.

managership managerships n
bainisteoireacht bainistíocht
The office or period of a manager.

managing director managing directors n
stiúrthóir bainisteoireachta
The chief executive of a limited company.

manat manat manats n
manat na hAsarbaiseáine
The basic unit of currency for Azerbaijan; symbol ₼; subdivided into 100 qapik.
manat na Tuircméanastáine
The basic unit of currency for Turkmenistan; subdivided into 100 tennesi.

manatee /ˈmæn.əˌtiː/ manatee manatees n
bó mhara
Any of several plant-eating marine mammals, of family Trichechidae, found in tropical regions.

mandarin /mæn.də.ˈɹɪn/ /ˈmæn.də.ɹɪn/ mandarins n
mandairín
(historical) A high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire. [from 1580s]
A pedantic or elitist bureaucrat.
(informal, British) A senior civil servant.

mandarin collar mandarin collars n
bóna mandairín
A short unfolded stand-up collar on a shirt or jacket.

mandarin duck /ˈmændəɹɪn dʌk/ mandarin ducks n
lacha mhandrach
A colorful perching duck that has a red bill, large white crescent above the eye and reddish face, Aix galericulata.

mandarin orange mandarin oranges n
crann mandairíní
A small citrus tree (Citrus reticulata) with oblate fruits smaller than the (so-named) sweet oranges.
mandairín
The fruit of this tree; in loose, informal usage, the term may include other similar citrus fruits such as Citrus unshiu (satsuma or mikan).

mandolin /ˈmændəlɪn/ mandolins n
slisneoir
A kitchen tool for julienning vegetables.

mane /meɪn/ manes n
moing
Longer hair growth on back of neck of an animal, especially a horse or lion

maned wolf maned wolves n
faolchú mongach
One of species Chrysocyon brachyurus, the largest canid of South America,.

manganese /ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌnis/ /ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌniz/ /ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌniːz/ manganeses n
mangainéis
(uncountable) A metallic chemical element (symbol Mn) with an atomic number of 25, not a free element in nature but often found in minerals in combination with iron, and useful in industrial alloy production.

mange /meɪnd͡ʒ/ manges n
claimhe clamh
(veterinary medicine) A skin disease of nonhuman mammals caused by parasitic mites (Sarcoptes spp., Demodecidae spp.).

mangelwurzel mangelwurzels n
meaingeal
A root vegetable, variety of Beta vulgaris, cultivated chiefly as cattle feed.

mango /ˈmæŋɡoʊ/ /ˈmæŋɡəʊ/ [ˈmeɪŋɡoʊ] mangoes mangos n
mangó
A pickled vegetable or fruit with a spicy stuffing; a vegetable or fruit which has been mangoed.

mangrove /ˈmæŋɡɹoʊv/ /ˈmæŋɡɹəʊv/ mangroves n
mangróbh
Any of various tropical evergreen trees or shrubs that grow in intertidal coastal brackish waters.

mangy /ˈmeɪn.d͡ʒi/ mangier mangiest adj
gearbach
Afflicted, or looking as if afflicted, with mange.

manhood /ˈmænhʊd/ manhoods n
ball fearga
(euphemism) The male genitalia, especially the penis.

manifestation /ˌmænɪfəˈsteɪʃən/ /ˌmænɪfɛˈsteɪʃən/ manifestations n
réaladh
The act or process of becoming manifest.

manipulate /məˈnɪp.jə.leɪt/ /məˈnɪp.jʊ.leɪt/ v
lámhaigh
(transitive) To influence, manage, direct, control or tamper with something
(transitive, medicine) To handle and move a body part, either as an examination or for a therapeutic purpose

mankind /mænˈkaɪnd/ n
cine daonna
The human race in its entirety.
(obsolete) Human feelings; humanity.

manly /ˈmænli/ manlier manliest adj
fearúil
Having the characteristics of a man.
Having qualities viewed as befitting a man; courageous, resolute, noble.

manna /ˈmænə/ mannas n
manna
(biblical) Food miraculously produced for the Israelites in the desert in the book of Exodus.
(by extension) Any boon which comes into one's hands by good luck.

mannequin /ˈmænəˌkɪn/ mannequins n
mainicín
A dummy, or life-size model of the human body, used for the fitting or displaying of clothes.
A jointed model of the human body used by artists, especially to demonstrate the arrangement of drapery.
An anatomical model of the human body for use in teaching of e.g. CPR.
(dated) A person who models clothes.

manner /ˈmænə/ /ˈmænɚ/ manners n
slí
Mode of action; way of performing or doing anything

mannerism /ˈmænəˌɹɪzəm/ mannerisms n
faisean gothaíocht nósúlacht snas
A noticeable personal habit, a verbal or other (often, but not necessarily unconscious) habitual behavior peculiar to an individual.

manners /ˈmæn.ɚz/ n
béasa
Etiquette.

manometry manometries n
manaiméadracht

manor /ˈmænə(ɹ)/ /ˈmænəɹ/ manors n
mainéar
A landed estate.

manor house manor houses n
mainéar teach tiarna
(UK) The main house on a landed estate.
teach tiarna
The house of the lord of the manor.

manpower n
fearchumhacht
The power exerted by a single person (analogous to horsepower.)

mansion /ˈmæn.t͡ʃən/ /ˈmæn.ʃən/ mansions n
teach mór
A large luxurious house or building, usually built for the wealthy.

manslaughter manslaughters n
dúnorgain
(law) The unlawful killing of a human, either in negligence or incidentally to the commission of some unlawful act, but without specific malice, or upon a sudden excitement of anger; considered less culpable than murder, but more culpable than justifiable homicide.

mantelpiece /ˈmæntlpiːs/ mantelpieces n
clabhar matal
A shelf that is affixed to the wall above a fireplace.

mantis shrimp mantis shrimp mantis shrimps n
ribe róibéis maintise
A stomatopod, a marine crustacean of the order Stomatopoda, with powerful claws and a carapace which covers only the rear part of the head and part of the thorax.

mantle /ˈmæn.təl/ mantles n
brat clóca cochall fallaing
A piece of clothing somewhat like an open robe or cloak, especially that worn by Orthodox bishops. [from 9th c.]
brat scáth
(figuratively) Anything that covers or conceals something else; a cloak. [from 9th c.]
maintlín
(malacology) The body wall of a mollusc, from which the shell is secreted. [from 15th c.]

manual /ˈmæn.j(u)əl/ /ˈmæn.j(ʊ)əl/ manuals n
méarchlár
(music) A keyboard for the hands on a harpsichord, organ, or other musical instrument.

manual labor manual labors n
obair láimhe
(American spelling) Work done by hand or using basic tools rather than by machines; usually physically demanding but (sometimes, _, pejorative) unskilled labor.

manufacturer /ˌmænjəˈfækt͡ʃəɹɚ/ /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/ manufacturers n
déantóir
A person or company that manufactures.

manure /məˈn(j)ʊɹ/ /məˈnjɔː/ /məˈnjʊə/ manures n
aoileach
Animal excrement, especially that of common domestic farm animals and when used as fertilizer. Generally speaking, from cows, horses, sheep, pigs and chickens.

manure /məˈn(j)ʊɹ/ /məˈnjɔː/ /məˈnjʊə/ v
leasaigh
To cultivate by manual labor; to till; hence, to develop by culture.

manuscript /ˈmæn.jəˌskɹɪpt/ manuscripts n
lámhscríbhinn
A book, composition or any other document, written by hand (or manually typewritten), not mechanically reproduced.

many /ˈmæni/ /ˈmɛni/ /ˈmɪni/ more most determiner
a lán mórán
An indefinite large number of.

many a mickle makes a muckle /ˌmɛni‿ə ˈmɪk(ə)l meɪks‿ə ˈmʌk(ə)l/ /ˌmɛni‿ə ˈmɪkəl meɪks‿ə ˈmʌkəl/ proverb
bailíonn brobh beart
(chiefly, Northern England, Scotland) A lot of small amounts, put together, become a large amount. [from 1793]

many-sided more many-sided most many-sided adj
iltaobhach
Having many sides; polygonal

map /mæp/ maps n
léarscáil mapa
A visual representation of an area, whether real or imaginary, showing the relative positions of places and other features.

map projection map projections n
teilgean léarscáile teilgean mapa
(cartography) Any systematic method of transforming the spherical representation of parallels, meridians and geographic features of the Earth's surface to a nonspherical surface, usually a plane.

maple /ˈmeɪpl̩/ maples n
mailp
A tree of the genus Acer, characterised by its usually palmate leaves and winged seeds.

maple syrup maple syrups n
síoróip mhailpe
Syrup made from the sap of the sugar maple, Acer saccharum.

mapping /ˈmæpɪŋ/ mappings n
léarscáiliú léarscáilíocht mapáil
The process of making maps.

mar /mɑɹ/ /mɑː(ɹ)/ [mɑɹ] [mɑ˞] v
loit
(transitive) To spoil; to ruin; to scathe; to damage.

maraca /məˈɹæ.kə/ /məˈɹɑ.kə/ maracas n
maraca
(musical instrument) A Latin American percussion instrument consisting of a hollow-gourd rattle containing pebbles or beans and often played in pairs, as a rhythm instrument.

marathon /ˈmæɹə(ˌ)θɔn/ /ˈmæɹəˌθɑn/ /ˈmæɹəθən/ /ˈmɛɹə(ˌ)θɔn/ /ˈmɛɹəˌθɑn/ marathons n
maratón
A 42.195-kilometre (26-mile-385-yard) road race.
(figuratively, by extension) Any extended or sustained activity.

marble /ˈmɑɹ.bəl/ /ˈmɑː.bəl/ marbles n
marmar
(uncountable, rock) A metamorphic rock of crystalline limestone. [from 12th c.]
mirlín
(countable, games) A small ball used in games, originally of marble but now usually of glass or ceramic. [from 17th c.]

marble /ˈmɑɹ.bəl/ /ˈmɑː.bəl/ v
marmaraigh
(intransitive) To get or have the streaked or swirled appearance of certain types of marble, for example due to the incomplete mixing of viscous ingredients, or the uneven application of paint or other colorants.

marble cake marble cakes n
císte marmarach
A cake with two or more colors of ingredients which give a marble pattern to its interior.

marbled cat marbled cats n
cat marmarach
Pardofelis marmorata, a cat similar in size to the domestic cat, with a longer, more thickly furred tail.

march /mɑɹt͡ʃ/ /mɑːtʃ/ marches n
máirseáil
Any song in the genre of music written for marching (see Wikipedia's article on this type of music)

march /mɑɹt͡ʃ/ /mɑːtʃ/ v
máirseáil
(intransitive) To walk with long, regular strides, as a soldier does.

marchioness /mɑɹʃəˈnɛs/ /ˈmɑɹʃənɪs/ marchionesses n
banmharcas
The wife of a marquess.

mare /mɛə/ /mɛɚ/ mares n
láir
An adult female horse.

margarine /ˈmaɾ.ɡɐ.ɾɪn/ /ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒə.ɹɪn/ /ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒəˌɹin/ /ˈmɑː.d͡ʒə.ɹɪn/ /ˌmɑː.d͡ʒəˈɹiːn/ /ˌmɑː.ɡəˈɹiːn/ margarines n
buíoc margairín
A spread, manufactured from a blend of vegetable oils (some of which are hydrogenated), emulsifiers etc, mostly used as a substitute for butter.

margay margays n
margae
Leopardus wiedii, a spotted cat native to Central and South America.

margin /ˈmɑːd͡ʒɪn/ /ˈmɑːɹd͡ʒ(ə)n/ margins n
imeall
The edge or border of any flat surface.
corrlach
(finance) The yield or profit; the selling price minus the cost of production.

mariculture maricultures n
muirshaothrú muirshaothrúchán
aquaculture using seawater

marimba /mə.ˈɹɪm.bə/ marimbas n
mairimbe
(musical instrument) A percussion instrument with African origins, similar to a xylophone with resonators, but much lower in range and darker in timbre.

maritime pine maritime pines n
péine muirí
A pine tree (Pinus pinaster), native to the western Mediterranean region.

marjoram /ˈmɑɹd͡ʒəɹəm/ /ˈmɑːd͡ʒ(ə)ɹəm/ marjorams n
oragán cumhra
A herb of the mint family, Origanum majorana, having aromatic leaves.
The leaves of this plant used in flavouring food.

mark /mæɹk/ /mɑɹk/ /mɑː(ɾ)k/ /mɑːk/ marks n
grád marc
A score for finding the correct answer, or other academic achievement; the sum of such points gained as out of a possible total. [from 19th c.]
marc
(historical) A half pound, a former English and Scottish currency equivalent to 13 shillings and fourpence and notionally equivalent to a mark of sterling silver.

mark /mæɹk/ /mɑɹk/ /mɑː(ɾ)k/ /mɑːk/ v
marcáil
To create an indication of (a location).
(sports) To follow a player not in possession of the ball when defending, to prevent them receiving a pass easily.

market /ˈmɑɹkət/ /ˈmɑɹkɪt/ /ˈmɑːkɪt/ markets n
margadh
City square or other fairly spacious site where traders set up stalls and buyers browse the merchandise.
A group of potential customers for one's product.
A geographical area where a certain commercial demand exists.
The sum total traded in a process of individuals trading for certain commodities.

market /ˈmɑɹkət/ /ˈmɑɹkɪt/ /ˈmɑːkɪt/ v
margaigh
(transitive) To make (products or services) available for sale and promote them.

market day market days n
lá margaidh
The day of the week in which a market is held in some particular location.

market garden market gardens n
gairdín margaidh garraí margaidh
(chiefly, _, UK) A garden whose produce is mostly intended for sale.

market gardener market gardeners n
garraíodóir margaidh
One who operates a market garden.

market gardening n
garraíodóireacht mhargaidh
(British) The relatively small-scale growing of vegetables for market.

market town market towns n
baile margaidh
A town that has a traditional right to hold a regular market.

market value market values n
luach margaidh
(finance) The price which a seller or insurer might reasonably expect to fetch for goods, services or securities on the open market.

marketeer marketeers n
fear margaidh
(US) A specialist in marketing (promoting and selling products and services).

marketplace marketplaces n
log margaidh
An open area in a town housing a public market.

markhor /ˈmɑɹkɔɹ/ /ˈmɑːkɔː/ markhors n
marcár
A large wild goat, Capra falconeri, especially Capra falconeri megaceros, syn. Capra megaceros, having huge flattened spiral horns, found in the western Himalayas.

marksman /ˈmɑɹksmən/ marksmen n
aimsitheoir
A man or person skilled at hitting targets, as with a firearm, bow, or thrown object.

marksmanship /ˈmɑɹksmənʃɪp/ marksmanships n
aimsitheoireacht cumas aimsithe cumas scórála
The ability to shoot accurately at a target.

markup language markup languages n
teanga mharcála
(computer language) A computer language using markup.

marl /mɑɹl/ /mɑːl/ marls n
marla móta liath
A mixed earthy substance, consisting of carbonate of lime, clay, and possibly sand, in very variable proportions, and accordingly designated as calcareous, clayey, or sandy.

marmalade /ˈmɑɹ.mə.leɪd/ /ˈmɑː.mə.leɪd/ marmalades n
marmaláid
(obsolete) quince jam

marmoreal /mɑɹˈmo.ɹi.əl/ /mɑːˈmɔː.ɹɪ.əl/ more marmoreal most marmoreal adj
marmarach
Resembling marble or a marble statue; cold, smooth, white, etc.; marblelike.

marmoset /ˈmɑɹməsət/ /ˈmɑɹməzət/ marmosets n
moncaí marmaisíneach
A small monkey, now specifically a Central and South American monkey of the genera Callithrix, Mico, Cebuella, or Callibella, with claws instead of nails, and a rather primitive layout. [from 14th c.]

marmot /ˈmɑɹ.mət/ /ˈmɑː.mət/ marmots n
marmat
Any of several large ground-dwelling rodents of the genera Marmota and Cynomys in the squirrel family.

marquess /ˈmɑɹ.kwɪs/ /ˈmɑː.kwɪs/ marquesses n
marcas
A title of nobility for a man ranking beneath a duke and above an earl.

marriage /ˈmeɹɪdʒ/ /ˈmæɹɪdʒ/ /ˈmɛɹɪdʒ/ marriages n
pósadh
The state of being married. [from 14th c.]
pósadh lánúnas
(often, _, specifically) The union of two people of opposite sex, to the exclusion of all others.
pósadh bainis
A wedding; a ceremony in which people wed. [from 14th c.]

marriage bed marriage beds n
leaba lánúine
The bed shared by a newly-married couple.

marriage equality n
comhionannas pósta
Equality and equal acceptance (particularly legal acceptance, but also social acceptance) of same-sex in addition to heterosexual marriages.

married /ˈmæɹ.id/ /ˈmæɹ.ɪd/ /ˈmɛɹ.id/ adj
pósta
In a state of marriage; having a wife or a husband.

marrow /ˈmæɹoʊ/ /ˈmæɹəʊ/ /ˈmɛ(ə)ɹoʊ/ marrows n
smior
(uncountable) The substance inside bones which produces blood cells.
mearóg
A kind of vegetable like a large courgette/zucchini or squash.

marrowbone marrowbones n
cnámh smeara
A bone containing edible marrow. [from 14th c.]

marry /ˈmeɹ.i/ /ˈmæɹ.i/ /ˈmɛɹ.i/ v
pós
(intransitive) To enter into the conjugal or connubial state; to take a husband or a wife. [from 14th c.]
(transitive) To unite in wedlock or matrimony; to perform the ceremony of joining spouses; to bring about a marital union according to the laws or customs of a place. [from 16th c.]

marsh /mæʃ/ /mɑɹʃ/ /mɑː(ɹ)ʃ/ marshes n
corcach corrach eanach riasc seascann
An area of low, wet land, often with tall grass.

marsh buck marsh bucks n
siteatunga
A swamp-dwelling antelope found throughout Central Africa, Tragelaphus spekii

marsh harrier marsh harriers n
cromán móna
Any member of the raptor genus Circus of similar appearance and habit to Circus aeruginosus.

marsh horsetail marsh horsetails n
scuab eich chorraigh
A plant in the taxonomic genus Equisetum of horsetails (Equisetum palustre).

marsh mallow marsh mallows n
leamhachán
A European species of plant in the mallow family, Althaea officinalis, historically used medicinally and the source of what became the modern marshmallow confection (which no longer contains the plant).

marsh marigold marsh marigolds n
lus buí Bealtaine
Caltha palustris, a perennial plant with bright yellow flowers.

marsh thistle marsh thistles n
feochadán corraigh
A biennial or perennial herb (Cirsium palustre).

marsh tit marsh tits n
meantán lathaí
A passerine bird of the tit family (Poecile palustris).

marten /ˈmɑɹ.tən/ /ˈmɑː.tən/ /ˈmɑː.tɪn/ [ˈmɑɹ.ʔn̩] martens n
cat crainn
Any carnivorous mammal of the genus Martes (family Mustelidae).

martial /ˈmɑɹʃəl/ /ˈmɑːʃəl/ more martial most martial adj
badhbha míleata
(comparable) Of, relating to, or suggestive of war; warlike.

martial art martial arts n
ealaín oscartha
Any of several fighting styles which contain systematized methods of training for combat, both armed and unarmed; often practiced as a sport, e.g. boxing, karate, judo, silat, wrestling, or Muay Thai.

martin /ˈmɑɹ.tɪn/ /ˈmɑː.tɪn/ martins n
gabhlán
Any of various passerine birds of the family Hirundinidae, which also includes swallows, that catch insects whilst flying.

martingale martingales n
iall bhrád
A piece of harness used on a horse to keep it from raising its head above a desired point.

martyr /ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɑɹ.tɚ/ /ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/ [ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)] [ˈmɐːɾə(ɹ)] [ˈmɑɹ.ɾɚ] martyrs n
mairtíreach
One who willingly accepts being put to death for adhering openly to one's religious beliefs; notably, saints canonized after martyrdom.

mascot /ˈmæsˌkɑːt/ /ˈmæsˌkɒt/ mascots n
sonóg
Something thought to bring good luck.

masculine /ˈmæskjələn/ /ˈmæskjʊlɪn/ more masculine most masculine adj
fearúil
Of or pertaining to the male sex; biologically male, not female.
firinscneach
(of a noun) Being of the masculine class or grammatical gender, and inflected in that manner.

masculinity /ˌmæskjəˈlɪnɪti/ masculinities n
fearúlacht fireannacht
The degree or property of being masculine or manly; manliness.

mashed potatoes n
brúitín
(uncountable, or, in the plural) A dish consisting of potatoes that have been boiled, mashed to a pulpy consistency, and mixed with such ingredients as butter or milk.

mask /mask/ /mæsk/ /mɑːsk/ masks n
masc púic
A cover, or partial cover, for the face, used for disguise or protection.

masking tape masking tapes n
téip chumhdaigh
A pressure-sensitive tape made of a thin and easy-to-tear paper characterized by its ease of removal, not leaving adhesive behind. It is used mainly in painting, to mask off areas that should not be painted.

mason /ˈmeɪsən/ masons n
saor
A bricklayer, one whose occupation is to build with stone or brick

masquerade /ˈmæskəˌɹeɪd/ /ˈmɑːs-/ /ˌmæskəˈɹeɪd/ /ˌmɑːs-/ masquerades n
bréagriocht

mass /mæs/ /mɑːs/ masses n
Aifreann
(Christianity) Celebration of the Eucharist.
(Christianity, usually as the Mass) The sacrament of the Eucharist.
A musical setting of parts of the mass.

mass burial mass burials n
olladhlacadh

mass energy mass energies n
maisfhuinneamh
(physics) The energy present in an object because of its mass

mass extinction mass extinctions n
olldíothú
(evolutionary theory, geology) A sharp decrease in the total number of species in a relatively short period of time; specifically, a loss of ∼75% of all species on the planet over a geologically interval of less than 3 million years, as a result of a mass extinction event.

mass noun mass nouns n
ainmfhocal maise
A noun that normally cannot be counted.

mass production n
olltáirgeacht olltáirgeadh
The process of manufacturing products on a large scale.

mass transit mass transits n
olliompar
A large-scale transportation system in which the passengers do not travel in their own vehicles.

massif /mæˈsiːf/ /ˈmæsɪf/ massifs n
masaíf
A principal mountain mass.

master class master classes n
máistir-rang
(education) A class, typically in a performing art such as music or drama, in which a teacher listens to and critiques the performance of individual students, one at a time, while the other students look on.

mastery /ˈmæs.tɚ.i/ /ˈmɑːs.t(ə.)ɹi/ masteries n
ceannsmacht

mastic /ˈmæstɪk/ mastics n
maisteog
(especially, Commonwealth English) Any of various cements, usually flexible and waterproof, used as an adhesive, sealant, caulk, or filler.

mastication /mæstɪˈkeɪʃən/ mastications n
cogaint
(physiology) The process of chewing.
The process of crushing as though chewed.

mastiff /ˈmæstɪf/ mastiffs mastives n
maistín
One of an old breed of powerful, deep-chested, and smooth-coated dogs, used chiefly as watchdogs and guard dogs.

masturbation /ˌmæstəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌmæstɚˈbeɪʃən/ /ˌmɑːstəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/ masturbations n
glacaireacht lámhchartadh
Sexual stimulation of the genitals or other erotic regions, often to orgasm, usually in the context of oneself.

mat /mæt/ [mæʔ(t̚)] mats n
straille
A thickly tangled mess.

matador /ˈma.tə.dɔː/ /ˈmæ.tə.dɔɹ/ matadora matadores matadors n
tarbhadóir tarbhchomhraiceoir
(bullfighting) The person whose aim is to kill the bull in a bullfight.

match /mæt͡ʃ/ matches n
cluiche
(sports) A competitive sporting event such as a boxing meet (commonly called a "bout"), a baseball game, or a cricket match.
lasán
A device made of wood or paper, at the tip coated with chemicals that ignite with the friction of being dragged (struck) against a rough dry surface.
diongbháil
Someone with a measure of an attribute equaling or exceeding the object of comparison.

matchbox matchboxes n
bosca cipíní
A small cardboard box in which matches are kept.

matchstick matchsticks n
cipín cipín solais lasán
A small, slender piece of wood or cardboard serving as a component of a match.

mate /meɪt/ mates n
comrádaí
(colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, sometimes elsewhere in the Commonwealth) A friend, usually of the same sex.

material /məˈtɪə.ɹi.əl/ /məˈtɪɹ.i.əl/ more material most material adj
ábhartha
Having to do with matter; consisting of matter.
Worldly, as opposed to spiritual.
(law, accounting) Significant.

material /məˈtɪə.ɹi.əl/ /məˈtɪɹ.i.əl/ materials n
damhna mianach
Matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something.

materialism /məˈtɪəɹiəlɪzəm/ /məˈtɪɹiəlɪzəm/ materialisms n
ábharachas saoltacht
Constant concern over material possessions and wealth; a great or excessive regard for worldly concerns.
ábharachas
(philosophy) The philosophical belief that nothing exists beyond what is physical.

materialist /məˈtiːɹɪəlɪst/ more materialist most materialist adj
ábharaíoch
Having features typical of philosophical materialism.

materialist /məˈtiːɹɪəlɪst/ materialists n
duine saolta ábharaí
Someone who is materialistic, concerned only with material possessions.
A follower or proponent of philosophical materialism.

materialistic /məˌtɪəɹ.i.əˈlɪs.tɪk/ more materialistic most materialistic adj
ábharaíoch
Being overly concerned with material possessions and wealth.
Of or concerning philosophical materialism.

maternal aunt maternal aunts n
aintín
A sister of one's mother.
A sister-in-law of one's mother; the wife or ex-wife of a maternal uncle.
An aunt on one's mother's side of the family, including both

matgrass matgrasses n
fiteog eanaigh
The grass Nardus stricta.

mathematical /ˌmæθəˈmætəkəl/ /ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl/ more mathematical most mathematical adj
matamaiticiúil
Of, or relating to mathematics

mathematician /ˌmæθ(.ə)məˈtɪʃ.ən/ mathematicians n
matamaiticeoir
An expert on mathematics.

mathematics /mæθ(ə)ˈmætəks/ /mæθ(ə)ˈmætɪks/ n
matamaitic
An abstract representational system studying numbers, shapes, structures, quantitative change and relationships between them.
A person's ability to count, calculate, and use different systems of mathematics at differing levels.

matriarch /ˈmeɪtɹiɑɹk/ /ˈmeɪtɹɪˌɑːk/ matriarchs n
matrarc
A female leader of a family, a tribe or an ethnic or religious group.

matriarchal more matriarchal most matriarchal adj
matrarcach
Governed by (or as if by) a matriarch.

matricide matricides n
marfóir máthar
A person who kills his or her mother.

matrix /mæːʈ.rɪks/ /mɛʈ.rɪks/ /ˈmeɪ.tɹɪks/ /ˈmæt.ɹɪks/ /ˈmæɪ.tɹɪks/ matrices matrixes n
maitrís

matte /mæt/ more matte most matte adj
neamhlonrach
(American spelling) Dull; not reflective of light.

matter /ˈmætə/ /ˈmætɚ/ [-ɾɚ] matters n
damhna
(physics) Matter made up of normal particles, not antiparticles.
An affair, condition, or subject, especially one of concern or (especially when preceded by the) one that is problematic.
damhna ábhar
A kind of substance.

matter /ˈmætə/ /ˈmætɚ/ [-ɾɚ] v
miste
(intransitive, stative) To be important. [from 16th c.]
(transitive, in negative constructions, now, England, _, regional, Caribbean) To care about, to mind; to find important. [from 17th c.]

mattock /ˈmætək/ mattocks n
matóg
An agricultural tool whose blades are at right angles to the body, similar to a pickaxe.

mature /məˈt(j)ʊəɹ/ /məˈtjʊə/ /məˈt͡ʃɔː/ /məˈt͡ʃɝ/ /məˈt͡ʃʊ(ə)ɹ/ /məˈt͡ʃʊə/ maturer maturest more mature most mature adj
abúil críonna
foirfe
Fully developed; grown up in terms of physical appearance, behaviour or thinking; ripe.

mature /məˈt(j)ʊəɹ/ /məˈtjʊə/ /məˈt͡ʃɔː/ /məˈt͡ʃɝ/ /məˈt͡ʃʊ(ə)ɹ/ /məˈt͡ʃʊə/ v
aibigh
(intransitive, of food, especially fruit) To attain maturity, to become mature or ripe.

maturity /məˈtjʊəɹəti/ /məˈtʊəɹəti/ /məˈt͡ʃɝ.ɪ.ti/ /məˈt͡ʃʊ(ə.)ɹ(ə.)ti/ /məˈt͡ʃʊəɹəti/ [məˈt͡ʃɝ.ɪ.ɾi] [məˈt͡ʃʊ(ə.)ɹ(ə.)ɾi] maturities n
abúlacht aibíocht foirfeacht lánaibíocht
The state of being mature, ready or ripe; the prime state of productibility and self expression.
foirfeacht
When bodily growth has completed and/or reproduction can begin.

matutinal /-ˈt͡ʃuː-/ /-ˈt͡ʃʊ-/ /məˈt(j)utənl̩/ /məˈtjuːtɪnl̩/ /ˈmæt͡ʃəˌtaɪn(ə)l/ /ˌmætjʊˈtaɪnl̩/ [-ɾə-] adj
maidine maidiniúil
Of, occurring in, or relating to the morning, especially the early morning upon waking up.

maté /ˈmæteɪ/ /ˈmɑteɪ/ matés n
maité
(uncountable) A beverage, resembling tea, made from the dried leaves of this plant.

maul /mɔːl/ mauls n
smíste
A heavy long-handled hammer, used for splitting logs by driving a wedge into them, or in combat.
crág
(rugby) A situation where the player carrying the ball, who must be on his feet, is held by one or more opponents, and one or more of the ball carrier's team mates bind onto the ball carrier.

maulstick /ˈmɔːl.stɪk/ maulsticks n
lámhthaca péintéara
(arts) A short stick with a pad on one end, used by a painter to steady their hand, and to prevent it from accidentally touching the painting.

mausoleum /ˌmɔ.səˈli.əm/ /ˌmɔː.zəˈliː.əm/ mausolea mausoleums n
másailéam ula
A large stately tomb or a building housing such a tomb or several tombs.

maw-worm maw-worms n
péist ghoile
Any of several parasitic worms which infest the mammalian stomach and intestines, especially a nematode.

maximize /ˈmæksəmaɪz/ v
uasmhéadaigh
(computing, graphical user interface) To expand (a window) to fill the main display area.

may the Force be with you phraseologicalUnit
go raibh an Chumhacht libh
(idiomatic) Used to wish someone luck with a difficult endeavor.

maybe /ˈmeɪbi/ [ˈmeɪ̯bi] adv
b'fhéidir is dócha
(as a pro-sentence) Perhaps that is true (expressing no commitment to a decision or a neutral viewpoint to a statement).

mayonnaise /ˈmeɪ.ə.neɪz/ /ˈmæn.eɪz/ /ˌmeɪ.əˈneɪz/ [ˈmɐ.jɔ.nɛs] [ˈmɛən-] mayonnaises n
maonáis
Any cold dish with that dressing as an ingredient.

mayor /ˈmeɪ.ə/ /ˈmeɪ.ɚ/ /ˈmɛə̯/ /ˈmɛɚ/ mayors n
méara
(Ireland, rare, obsolete) A member of a city council.

me /meɪ/ /mi/ /miː/ /mɪ/ pronoun
mise mé
As the object (direct or indirect) of a verb.
(sometimes, proscribed) As the complement of the copula (be).

mead /miːd/ meads n
meá
An alcoholic drink fermented from honey and water.

meadow /ˈmɛd.oʊ/ /ˈmɛd.əʊ/ [ˈmɛɾoʊ] meadows n
móinéar cluain
A field or pasture; a piece of land covered or cultivated with grass, usually intended to be mown for hay.

meadow pipit meadow pipits n
riabhóg mhóna banaltra na cuaiche
A small passerine bird (Anthus pratensis).

meadowsweet /ˈmɛdoʊˈswit/ /ˈmɛdəʊswiːt/ meadowsweets n
airgead luachra
A Eurasian perennial flowering plant of Rosaceae family, Filipendula ulmaria.

meal /mil/ /miːl/ [miəɫ] meals n
béile proinn séire
(countable) Food that is prepared and eaten, usually at a specific time, and usually in a comparatively large quantity (as opposed to a snack).

mean /min/ /miːn/ meaner meanest adj
tútach
Without dignity of mind; destitute of honour; low-minded; spiritless; base.
ceachartha míghnaíúil ocrach
(chiefly, UK) Ungenerous; stingy; tight-fisted.

meander /miˈæn.də(ɹ)/ /miˈæn.dɚ/ v
bí ag lúbarnaíl
(intransitive) To wind or turn in a course or passage
(transitive) To wind, turn, or twist; to make flexuous.

meanie meanies n
suarachán
(informal, chiefly, childish) A mean (unkind or miserly) person; a killjoy.

meaningless more meaningless most meaningless adj
gan chiall
Lacking meaning.

meanness meannesses n
cneámhaireacht suarachas
(uncountable) The condition, or quality, of being mean (any of its definitions)

means /minz/ /miːnz/ n
gustal
(uncountable) Resources; riches.

measles /ˈmizəlz/ /ˈmiːzəlz/ n
bruitíneach
(medicine) An acute and highly contagious disease which often afflicts children caused by the virus Measles morbillivirus and causing red rashes, fever, runny nose, coughing, and red eyes.

measure /ˈmeɪ.ʒə/ /ˈmeɪ.ʒɚ/ /ˈmeʒ.ə/ /ˈmɛʒ.ə/ /ˈmɛʒ.ɚ/ /ˈmɪ.ʒɚ/ measures n
miosúr
An (unspecified) portion or quantity. [from 16th c.]
miosúr tomhas
The size of someone or something, as ascertained by measuring. (Now chiefly in make to measure.) [from 14th c.]
barra
(music) A musical designation consisting of all notes and or rests delineated by two vertical bars; an equal and regular division of the whole of a composition; a bar. [from 17th c.]
beartas seift
(in plural) Actions designed to achieve some purpose; plans. [from 17th c.]

measure /ˈmeɪ.ʒə/ /ˈmeɪ.ʒɚ/ /ˈmeʒ.ə/ /ˈmɛʒ.ə/ /ˈmɛʒ.ɚ/ /ˈmɪ.ʒɚ/ v
tomhais
To ascertain the quantity of a unit of material via calculated comparison with respect to a standard.

meat /mit/ /miːt/ meats n
feoil
(uncountable) The flesh (muscle tissue) of an animal used as food. [from 14th c.]
(countable) A type of meat, by anatomic position and provenance. [from 16th c.]
(uncountable) Any relatively thick, solid part of a fruit, nut etc. [from 15th c.]

meat market meat markets n
margadh feola
A market where meat is sold.
margadh craicinn margadh leathair
(colloquial, idiomatic) A place where one goes for a casual sexual encounter, such as a bar (establishment) or nightclub.

meat pie meat pies n
pióg fheola
(non-idiomatic usage, cooking) A pie containing meat.

meat safe meat safes n
cófra feola taisceán feola
A ventilated cupboard used to keep meat away from flies and other pests.

meatball meatballs n
millín feola
A ball of minced or ground meat, seasoned and cooked.

mechanical /məˈkænəkəl/ /məˈkænɪkəl/ more mechanical most mechanical adj
meicniúil
Related to mechanics (the branch of physics that deals with forces acting on mass).
Using mechanics (the design and construction of machines): being a machine.
inneallach
Related to mechanics (the design and construction of machines).
Done by machine.

mechanical engineering n
innealtóireacht mheicniúil
(engineering) The subfield of engineering concerned with designing and building machines and mechanical systems.

mechanical pencil mechanical pencils n
peann luaidhe meicniúil
(North America) A pencil with a replaceable and mechanically extendable lead that wears away with use, designed to provide lines of constant thickness without requiring sharpening, and typically featuring a small eraser at the end opposite the tip.

mechanics n
meicnic
(physics) The branch of physics that deals with the action of forces on material objects with mass

meconium meconiums n
meacóiniam
(medicine) A dark green mass, the contents of the fetal intestines during the later stages of mammalian gestation, that forms the first feces of the newborn.

medal /ˈmɛdəl/ [ˈmeɾ.ɫ̩] [ˈmɛd.ɫ̩] [ˈmɛɾ.ɫ̩] medals n
bonn
A stamped metal disc used as a personal ornament, a charm, or a religious object.
A stamped or cast metal object (usually a disc), particularly one awarded as a prize or reward.

medallion /məˈdæljən/ medallions n
meadáille mórbhonn
A large medal, usually decorative.
meadáille
A cut of meat resembling a large medal.

media studies /ˈmiːdi.ə ˈstʌdiz/ n
staidéar ar na meáin
Academic discipline that deals with the content, history, meaning and effects of various media, in particular mass media.

median /ˈmi.di.ən/ /ˈmiː.dɪən/ [ˈmɪi.di.ən] medians n
meánlíne
(geometry) A line segment joining the vertex of triangle to the midpoint of the opposing side.
airmheán
(statistics) A number separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, population, or probability distribution. The median of a finite list of numbers can be found by arranging all the observations from lowest value to highest value and picking the middle one (e.g., the median of {3, 3, 5, 9, 11} is 5). If there is an even number of observations, then there is no single middle value; the median is then usually defined to be the mean of the two middle values. [from 19th c.]

median nerve median nerves n
néaróg mheánach
(anatomy) A nerve in the upper limb in humans and other animals, formed from parts of the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus, and compression of which in the carpal tunnel of the wrist causes carpal tunnel syndrome.

median strip median strips n
lárthearmann
(US) A strip of land between opposing lanes of a road.

medical ethics medical ethics n
eitic mhíochaine
(ethics) The branch of ethics that examines questions of moral right and wrong arising in the context of the practice of medicine.

medicine /ˈmɛd.s(ɪ)n/ /ˈmɛd.ɪ.s(ɪ)n/ /ˈmɛd.ɪ.sɪn/ /ˈmɛdəs(ə)n/ medicines n
cógas leigheas
(uncountable, countable) A substance which specifically promotes healing when ingested or consumed in some way; a pharmaceutical drug.
liacht
(uncountable) The study of the cause, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease or illness.
(uncountable) The profession and practice of physicians, including surgeons.

medieval /mɪd.ˈi.vəl/ /mɪd.ˈiː.vəl/ /ˌmiː.di.ˈiː.vəl/ /ˌmɛd.i.ˈiː.vəl/ /ˌmɛdi.ˈi.vəl/ more medieval most medieval adj
meánaoiseach
Of or relating to the Middle Ages, the period from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Having characteristics associated with the Middle Ages in popular, modern cultural perception:

medievalism medievalisms n
meánaoiseachas
(uncountable) The study of the Middle Ages.

medievalist medievalists n
meánaoisí
one who studies the culture and history of the Middle Ages

mediocrity /mi.dɪˈɑk.ɹɪ.ti/ /miː.dɪˈɒk.ɹɪ.ti/ [mi.dɪˈɑk.ɹɪ.ɾi] mediocrities n
lagmheasarthacht
(uncountable) The condition of being mediocre; having only an average degree of quality, skills etc.; no better than standard.

meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃən/ meditations n
machnamh
A devotional exercise of, or leading to, contemplation.
A contemplative discourse, often on a religious or philosophical subject.

medium /ˈmiː.di.əm/ media mediums n
meán
The material of the surrounding environment, e.g. solid, liquid, gas, vacuum, or a specific substance such as a solvent.
The materials or empty space through which signals, waves, or forces pass.
(countable) A middle place or degree.
idirmheán meán meánábhar
A format for communicating or presenting information.
meán spioradaí
(countable, spiritualism, plural mediums) Someone who supposedly conveys information from the spirit world.

medlar /ˈmedlɘ/ /ˈmɛdlə/ /ˈmɛdlɚ/ medlars n
meispeal Gearmánach
Mespilus germanica, common medlar (now often Crataegus germanica).
Any tree of the genus Mespilus, now Crataegus sect. Mespilus, including many species now in other genera.

meerkat /ˈmɪəkat/ /ˈmɪəɹkæt/ meerkats n
míorchat
Suricata suricatta, a small carnivorous mammal of the mongoose family, from the Kalahari Desert, known for its habit of standing on its hind legs.

meeting /ˈmitɪŋ/ /ˈmiːtɪŋ/ [ˈmiɾɪŋ] meetings n
cruinniú
A gathering of persons for a purpose; an assembly.

megabat megabats n
ialtóg na meas
Any of the bats in the suborder Megachiroptera consisting of one family, Pteropodidae; a fruit bat.

megalith /ˈmɛɡəlɪθ/ /ˈmɛɡəˌlɪθ/ megaliths n
meigilit
A prehistoric monument made up of one or more large stones.

megalithic /ˌmɛɡəˈlɪθɪk/ adj
meigiliteach
Of or pertaining to megaliths, to the people who made them, or to the period when they were made.

megalopolis /mɛ.ɡəˈlɒ.pə.lɪs/ megalopoleis megalopoli megalopolises n
ollchathair
A large conurbation, where two or more large cities have sprawled outward to meet, forming something larger than a metropolis; a megacity.

megasporangium megasporangia n
macraspóragán
(biology) A sporangium which produces only megaspores

melancholic more melancholic most melancholic adj
dúchroíoch
Filled with or affected by melancholy—great sadness or depression, especially of a thoughtful or introspective nature.

melatonin /ˌmɛləˈtoʊnɪn/ melatonins n
meileatoinin
Any material similar in its chemistry and effect to the natural hormone.

mellow /ˈmɛloʊ/ /ˈmɛləʊ/ mellower mellowest more mellow most mellow adj
méith séimh
(also, figuratively, of fruit) Soft or tender by reason of ripeness; having a tender pulp.

melodious /məˈloʊdi.əs/ /məˈləʊdi.əs/ more melodious most melodious adj
duanach
Having a pleasant melody or sound; tuneful.

melody /ˈmɛl.ə.di/ melodies n
séis
A sequence of notes that makes up a musical phrase

melon /ˈmɛlən/ melons n
mealbhacán
(uncountable) The large, round to ovoid fruits that have rinds and are of such plants

melt /mɛlt/ melts n
leá-uisce
The springtime snow runoff in mountain regions.

melt /mɛlt/ v
leáigh
(ergative) To change (or to be changed) from a solid state to a liquid state, usually by a gradual heat.
(transitive, figurative) To soften, as by a warming or kindly influence; to relax; to render gentle or susceptible to mild influences; sometimes, in a bad sense, to take away the firmness of; to weaken.

meltwater meltwaters n
leá-uisce
Water from melting ice or snow.

member /ˈmɛmbə/ /ˈmɛmbɚ/ members n
ball comhalta
One who belongs to a group.
ball
Part of an animal capable of performing a distinct office; an organ; a limb.

member state member states n
ballstát
A sovereign state which is a member of an international organisation or some kind of confederation of other such states.

membership memberships n
baill ballra
The body of members of an organization.
ballraíocht comhaltas
(math) The fact of being a member of a set.

membrane /ˈmɛm.bɹeɪn/ membranes n
scannán seicin
(anatomy, zootomy) A flexible enclosing or separating tissue forming a plane or film and separating two environments.

membranous /ˈmɛm.bɹən.əs/ more membranous most membranous adj
scannánach sreabhnach
(anatomy, zoology) Having the qualities of, or pertaining to, a membrane.

memento /məˈmɛntoʊ/ mementoes mementos n
cuimhneachán
A keepsake; an object kept as a reminder of a place or event.

memory /ˈmɛm(ə)ɹi/ /ˈmɪm(ə)ɹi/ memories n
cuimhne
(uncountable) The ability of the brain to record information or impressions with the facility of recalling them later at will.
(computing) The part of a computer that stores variable executable code or data (RAM) or unalterable executable code or default data (ROM).

memory lane /ˈmɛm(ə)ɹi ˌleɪn/ memory lanes n
bóithrín na smaointe
(idiomatic, sometimes, capitalized) A nostalgic or sentimental journey through one's memories of an experience or other time in the past.

mend /mɛnd/ /mɪnd/ v
ceartaigh deisigh
(transitive) To help, to advance, to further; to add to.

mendelevium /ˌmɛndəˈliːviəm/ n
meindiléiviam
(chemistry) A transuranic chemical element (symbol Md, formerly Mv) with atomic number 101.

mendicant order mendicant orders n
ord bocht ord déirce
Any religious order whose members depend on begging or charity.

menhir /ˈmɛnhɪə/ /ˈmɛnˌ(h)ɪ(ə)ɹ/ menhirs n
gallán
(archaeology) A single tall standing stone as a monument, especially one dating to prehistoric times.

menstrual /ˈmɛn.stɹu.əl/ /ˈmɛn.stɹəl/ adj
míosta
Of or relating to the menses.

menstrual cycle menstrual cycles n
timthriall míosta
The recurring cycle of physiological changes in the uninseminated females of some animal species that is associated with reproductive fertility; especially the cycle in a human.

menstrual fluid menstrual fluids n
fuil mhíosta
The mixture of blood and cellular debris from the uterus that constitutes the menses

menstruate /ˈmɛnstɹəˌweɪt/ /ˈmɛnstɹʊeɪt/ /ˌmɛnstɹuˈeɪt/ /ˌmɛnˈstɹeɪt/ v
míostraigh
(intransitive) To undergo menstruation, to have a period.

menstruation /-stɹəˈweɪ-/ /ˌmɛnstɹuˈeɪʃən/ /ˌmɛnstɹuːˈeɪʃən/ /ˌmɛnstɹʊˈeɪʃən/ /ˌmɛnˈstɹeɪʃən/ menstruations n
fuil mhíosta míostrú
The periodic discharging of the menses, the flow of blood and cells from the lining of the uterus in unfertilized females of humans and other primates.

menswear /ˈmɛnz.wɛɚ/ n
éadaí fear
Men's clothing (and accessories), particularly in a retail context.

mental hospital mental hospitals n
gealtlann
A hospital facility designed to treat persons with serious mental disorders, as opposed to disorders of the body.

mention /ˈmɛnʃən/ v
trácht ar
To make a short reference to something.

menu /ˈmɛnju/ /ˈmɛnjuː/ /ˈmɛnɪu̯/ menus n
biachlár
The details of the food to be served at a banquet; a bill of fare.
A list containing the food and beverages served at a restaurant, café, or bar. Menus may be printed on paper sheets provided to customers, put on a large poster or display board inside the establishment, displayed outside the restaurant, or digital.
roghchlár
(computing, gaming) A list from which the user may select an operation to be performed, often done with a keyboard, mouse, or controller under a graphical user interface

meow /miˈaʊ̯/ /mjaʊ̯/ interjection
míáú
The cry of a cat.

meow /miˈaʊ̯/ /mjaʊ̯/ meows n
meamhlach
(countable) The cry of a cat.

mercantilism mercantilisms n
marsantachas
(historical, economics) The theory that a nation must always have a positive balance of trade, in the manner that a merchant would operate a shop. Typically this model presupposes protectionism.

mercenary /ˈmɜː.sə.nə.ɹi/ /ˈmɜː.sən.ɹi/ /ˈmɝ.səˌnɛɹ.i/ mercenaries n
amhas
A person employed to fight in an armed conflict who is not a member of the state or military group for which they are fighting and whose primary motivation is private gain.

merchandise /-daɪz/ /ˈmɜːt͡ʃəndaɪs/ /ˈmɝt͡ʃəndaɪs/ merchandises n
earra
(uncountable) Goods which are or were offered or intended for sale.

merchandising /ˈmɜːt͡ʃ(ə)ndaɪzɪŋ/ /ˈmɝt͡ʃənˌdaɪzɪŋ/ merchandisings n
earraíocht
(archaic) Trade in merchandise.

merchant /ˈmɜːtʃənt/ /ˈmɝt͡ʃənt/ merchants n
ceannaí
A person who traffics in commodities for profit.

merciless /ˈmɜːsɪləs/ /ˈmɝsɪləs/ more merciless most merciless adj
neamhthrócaireach éadrócaireach
Showing no mercy; cruel and pitiless.

mercury /ˈmɜː(ɹ)kjʊɹi/ /ˈmɝk(ə)ɹi/ /ˈmɝkjəɹi/ mercuries n
mearcair airgead beo
(science, historical) One of the elemental principles formerly thought to be present in all metals. [from 15th c.]

mercy /ˈmɜːsi/ /ˈmɝsi/ mercies n
trócaire
(uncountable) Relenting; forbearance to cause or allow harm to another.
(uncountable) Forgiveness or compassion, especially toward those less fortunate.
(uncountable) A tendency toward forgiveness, pity, or compassion.

meridian /məˈɹɪ.di.ən/ /məˈɹɪ.dɪ.ən/ /mɪ-/ meridians n
fadlíne
(also, geography) In full terrestrial meridian: a great circle on the Earth's surface, passing through the geographic poles (the terrestrial North Pole and South Pole); also, half of such a circle extending from pole to pole, all points of which have the same longitude. [from 14th c.]

meringue /məˈɹæŋ/ meringues n
meireang
A mixture consisting of beaten egg whites and sugar which is added to the tops of pies then browned.
A shell made of this mixture which serves as the receptacle for fruit, ice cream or sherbet.

meritocracy /mɛɹəˈtɑkɹəsi/ /mɛɹɪˈtɒkɹəsi/ meritocracies n
tuilleamhlathas
Rule by merit and talent.

meritocratic more meritocratic most meritocratic adj
tuilleamhlathach

merlon /ˈmɜːlən/ /ˈmɝl(ə)n/ merlons n
meiril
(architectural element, military, historical) Any of the upright projections between the embrasures of a battlement, originally for archers to shield behind while shooting arrows over the embrasures, or through loopholes in the merlons.

mermaid /ˈmɜːˌmeɪd/ /ˈmɝ.meɪd/ mermaids n
maighdean mhara murúch
A mythological creature with a woman's head and upper body, and a tail of a fish.

merman mermen n
murúch fir
A legendary creature, human male from the waist up, fishlike from the waist down.

merostome merostomes n
míreastóm
(biology) Any primitive arthropod of the subclass Merostomata.

merry /ˈmeɪɹi/ /ˈmeɹi/ /ˈmɛɹi/ merrier merriest adj
sona
Jolly and full of high spirits; happy.

merry Christmas phraseologicalUnit
Nollaig Shona
(Australia, New Zealand, Philippines, Canada, US) Used to express good wishes on or before Christmas Day.

merrymaking merrymakings n
siamsaíocht
Joyful festivities, especially as a celebration.

mesentery /ˈmɛs.ən.təɹ.i/ /ˈmɛs.ən.tɹi/ /ˈmɛs.ənˌtɛɹ.i/ /ˈmɛz.ənˌtɛɹ.i/ mesenteries n
méiseintre
(anatomy) The membrane that attaches the intestines to the wall of the abdomen, maintaining their position in the abdominal cavity, and supplying them with blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

mesh /mɛʃ/ meshes n
mogall
A measure of fineness (particle size) of ground material. A powder that passes through a sieve having 300 openings per linear inch but does not pass 400 openings per linear inch is said to be -300 +400 mesh.

mesne lord mesne lords n
meántiarna
(law, historical) A lord entitled to rent or feudal obligations from tenants but who himself owes rent or feudal obligations to another.

meso- prefix
méisi-
Middle or centre in location/position.
The middle of a time period, or medium in duration.

mesoderm mesoderms n
méisideirm
(embryology) One of the three tissue layers in the embryo of a metazoan animal. Through embryonic development, it will produce many internal organs of the adult, e.g. muscles, spine and circulatory system.

mesophyll /ˈmiːsə(ʊ)fɪl/ /ˈmiːzə(ʊ)fɪl/ /ˈmɛsə(ʊ)fɪl/ /ˈmɛzə(ʊ)fɪl/ mesophylls n
méisifill
(botany) The soft internal parenchyma of a leaf

mesophyte /ˈmɛsə(ʊ)fʌɪt/ /ˈmɛzəˌfaɪt/ mesophytes n
méisifít
(botany) Any normal terrestrial plant that grows in environments that have an average supply of water.

mess /mɛs/ messes n
praiseach
A disagreeable mixture or confusion of things; hence, a situation resulting from blundering or from misunderstanding.

mess hall mess halls n
bialann
(US) A military dining room or building on an army or marine base.

message /ˈmɛsɪd͡ʒ/ messages n
teachtaireacht
A communication, or what is communicated; any concept or information conveyed.

messenger /ˈmɛs.n̩.d͡ʒə/ /ˈmɛs.n̩.d͡ʒɚ/ messengers n
teachtaire eachlach scéalaí
One who brings messages.

messiah /məˈsaɪ.ə/ messiahs n
Meisias
(Abrahamic tradition) The one who is ordained by God to lead the people of Israel, believed by Christians and Muslims to be Jesus Christ.

messianic /ˌmɛsaɪˈænɪk/ adj
meisiasach
Of, relating to, or resembling a messiah or the Messiah.

messianism messianisms n
meisiasacht
The belief in a messiah.

messy /ˈmɛsi/ messier messiest adj
míshlachtmhar smeadráilte
(of a place, situation, person, etc) In a disorderly state; chaotic; disorderly.

meta- /məˈtæ/ /mɪˈta/ /mɪˈtæ/ prefix
meiti-

metal /ˈmɛtəl/ metals n
miotal
Any of a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms; generally shiny, somewhat malleable and hard, often a conductor of heat and electricity.
(music) A category of rock music encompassing a number of genres (including thrash metal, death metal, heavy metal, etc.) characterized by strong drum-beats and distorted guitars.

metal detector metal detectors n
brathadóir miotail

metalanguage metalanguages n
meititheanga
(linguistics, translation studies, critical theory) Any language or vocabulary of specialized terms used to describe or analyze a language or linguistic process
(computing) Any similar language used to define a programming language

metallic /məˈtæl.ɪk/ /mɪˈtæl.ɪk/ more metallic most metallic adj
miotalach
Of, relating to, or characteristic of metal.
(of a color) Having the appearance of being of polished metal.

metallogeny n
miotalaigineas
(geology) The branch of geology concerned with the study of the formation of mineral deposits

metallography metallographies n
miotalagrafaíocht
(metallurgy) The study of the structure of metals and their alloys, by any of a variety of techniques

metalloid /ˈmɛtəlɔɪd/ metalloids n
miotalóideach
(chemistry) An element, such as silicon or germanium, intermediate in properties between that of a metal and a nonmetal; especially an elemental semiconductor.

metalloprotein metalloproteins n
miotalapróitéin
(protein) a protein, such as haemoglobin or chlorophyll, that contains a metal atom as a cofactor

metallurgical /ˌmɛtəˈlɜː(ɹ)dʒɪkəl/ more metallurgical most metallurgical adj
miotaleolaíoch miotalóireach
(metallurgy) Of or relating to metallurgy, the study of metals and their properties.

metallurgist metallurgists n
miotalóir
A person skilled in metallurgy.

metallurgy /məˈtæl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /məˈtælədʒi/ /ˈmɛt.əˌlɚ.d͡ʒi/ /ˈmɛtəˌlɝdʒi/ metallurgies n
miotaleolaíocht miotalóireacht
The science of metals; their extraction from ores, purification and alloying, heat treatment, and working.

metalworking metalworkings n
miotalóireacht obair mhiotail

metamorphic rock metamorphic rocks n
carraig mheiteamorfach
(geology) one of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; consists of pre-existing rock mass in which new minerals or textures are formed at higher temperatures and greater pressures than those present on the Earth's surface

metaphor /ˈmɛ.tə.fə/ /ˈmɛ.tə.fɚ/ /ˈmɛt.ə.fɔɹ/ /ˈmɛt.ə.fɔː/ metaphors n
meafar
(countable, figure of speech) A word or phrase used in such implied comparison.

metaphosphate metaphosphates n
meiteafosfáit
(chemistry) Any salt or ester of metaphosphoric acid.

metaphysics /mɛtəˈfɪzɪks/ n
meitifisic
branch of philosophy that studies first principles

meteor /ˈmiːtiɔɹ/ /ˈmiːtiɚ/ /ˈmiːtɪ.ə/ /ˈmiːtɪɔː/ [ˈmiːɾiɚ] meteors n
dreige meitéar
A fast-moving streak of light in the night sky caused by the entry of extraterrestrial matter into the earth's atmosphere; a shooting star or falling star. [from 16th c.]

meteor shower meteor showers n
dreigechith
(astronomy) A phenomenon occurring when many meteors are seen on Earth during a short period of time.

meteorite /-ɾi-/ /ˈmi.ti.əˌɹaɪt/ /ˈmiː.tɪ.ə.ɹaɪt/ meteorites n
dreigít
A metallic or stony object or body that is the remains of a meteoroid.

meteoroid meteoroids n
dreigeoideach
(astronomy) A relatively small (sand- to boulder-sized) fragment of debris in a star system that produces a meteor when it hits the atmosphere

meteorology /ˌmiːti.əˈɹɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌmiːtɪəˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ meteorologies n
meitéareolaíocht
The science that deals with the study of the atmosphere and its phenomena, especially with weather and weather forecasting.

meter /ˈmitəɹ/ /ˈmiːtə/ [ˈmiɾɚ] meters n
méadar
A device that measures things.
aiste meadaracht méadar
(obsolete) A poem.

methane /ˈmiːθeɪn/ /ˈmɛθeɪn/ methanes n
meatán
(organic compound, uncountable) The simplest aliphatic hydrocarbon, CH₄, being a constituent of natural gas, and one of the most abundant greenhouse gases.

methanogen methanogens n
meatánaigin
Any of various archaebacteria capable of methanogenesis.

method /ˈmɛθəd/ methods n
slí
(countable) A process by which a task is completed; a way of doing something (followed by the adposition of, to or for before the purpose of the process).

methodology /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌmɛθ.ɪˈdɑ.lɪ.d͡ʒi/ methodologies n
modheolaíocht
(originally, sciences) The study of methods used in a field.
(loosely) A collection of methods, practices, procedures and rules used by those who work in some field.

methylated spirit methylated spirits n
biotáille mheitileach
(Commonwealth) Ethyl alcohol used as a fuel and a solvent, and usually free of taxes on alcohol; denatured alcohol;

metonymic /ˌmɛt.əˈnɪm.ɪk/ more metonymic most metonymic adj
meatonaimeach
Of, or relating to, a word or phrase that names an object from a single characteristic of it or of a closely related object.

metonymy /mɪˈtɑnəmi/ /mɪˈtɒnəmi/ metonymies n
meatonaime
(rhetoric) The use of a single characteristic or part of an object, concept or phenomenon to identify the entire object, concept, phenomenon or a related object.

metre /ˈmiːtə/ /ˈmiːtəɹ/ [ˈmiːɾɚ] metres n
méadar
The basic unit of length in the International System of Units (SI: Système International d'Unités), equal to the distance travelled by light in a vacuum in 1/299 792 458 seconds. The metre is equal to 39+47⁄127 (approximately 39.37) imperial inches.

metric /ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ adj
méadrach
Of or relating to the metric system of measurement.

metric space metric spaces n
spás méadrach
(mathematics, analysis, topology) Any set on which a metric is defined, giving a distance between any two elements.

metric system /ˈmɛtɹɪk ˌsɪstəm/ n
córas méadrach
The system of units developed in France in the 1790s and now used worldwide.

metrical foot metrical feet n
troigh
(prosody) The basic unit of the underlying rhythm of verse.

metrics /ˈmɛt.ɹɪks/ v
meadaracht
study of metrical verse

metronome /ˈmɛtɹəˌnoʊm/ /ˈmɛtɹəˌnəʊm/ metronomes n
méadranóm
(music) A device, containing an inverted pendulum, used to mark time by means of regular ticks at adjustable intervals; an electronic equivalent that emits flashes.

metropolis /məˈtɹɑ.pə.ləs/ /məˈtɹɑ.pə.lɪs/ /mɪˈtɹɒ.pə.lɪs/ metropoleis metropoles metropoli metropolis's metropolises metropolisses metropolizes n
ceannchathair
(history, especially, Ancient Greece) The mother (founding) polis (city state) of a colony.
A large, busy city, especially as the main city in an area or country or as distinguished from surrounding rural areas.

metropolitan /mɛ.tɹəˈpɑ.lɪ.tən/ /mɛ.tɹəˈpɒ.lɪ.tən/ more metropolitan most metropolitan adj
uirbeach
(Orthodox Christianity) Pertaining to the see or province of a metropolitan. [from 15th c.]
Of, or pertaining to, a metropolis or other large urban settlement. [from 16th c.]

mettle /ˈmɛtəl/ mettles n
miotal
A quality of courage and endurance.

mettlesome more mettlesome most mettlesome adj
faghartha
Marked by mettle or bravery; courageous.

mews /mjuːz/ mews mewses n
eachlann stáblaí
(British) An alley where there are stables; a narrow passage; a confined place.
cúb seabhac
(falconry) A place where birds of prey are housed.

mezzanine /ˈmɛtsə-/ /ˈmɛzəniːn/ /ˈmɛzəˌnin/ /ˈmɛzˌnin/ /ˌmɛzəˈnin/ /ˌmɛzəˈniːn/ /ˌmɛzˈnin/ mezzanines n
idirurlár
An intermediate floor or storey in between the main floors of a building; specifically, one that is directly above the ground floor which does not extend over the whole floorspace of the building, and so resembles a large balcony overlooking the ground floor; an entresol.

mi /miː/ n
mí
(music) A syllable used in sol-fa (solfège) to represent the third note of a major scale.

micro- /maɪˈkɹɒ-/ /ˈmaɪkɹoʊ-/ /ˈmaɪkɹə-/ prefix
micri-
(diminutive) Very small.

microanalysis microanalyses n
micreanailís
small-scale analysis
(chemistry) The analysis (and subsequent identification) of very small quantities of material.
(social science) the analysis of individual or community social activity e.g. family relationships.
(sociology) the analysis of individual or community social activity e.g. family relationships.

microbalance microbalances n
micrimheá
Any balance capable of weighing objects having a mass less than a milligram

microbe /ˈmaɪkɹoʊb/ microbes n
miocrób
(microbiology) Any microorganism; (loosely, nonscientifically) especially, a harmful bacterium.

microbiology n
micri-bhitheolaíocht
(biology) The branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, especially their effects on man and other living organisms.

microclimate microclimates n
micrichlíoma
A small, local region having a unique pattern of weather or weather effects that differ from the local climate.

microclimatology n
micri-chlíomeolaíocht
The branch of climatology that studies microclimates

microcomputer microcomputers n
micriríomhaire
(computer hardware, now, primarily, historical) A computer designed around a microprocessor, smaller than a minicomputer or a mainframe.

microcosm /ˈmaɪ.kɹə(ʊ)ˌkɒz.əm/ /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌkɑz.əm/ microcosms n
micreacosma
Human nature or the human body as representative of the wider universe; man considered as a miniature counterpart of divine or universal nature. [from 15th c.]
domhnán
A smaller system which is seen as representative of a larger one. [from 17th c.]

microeconomics /ˌmaɪkɹəʊˌiːkəˈnɒnɪks/ /ˌmaɪkɹəʊˌɛkəˈnɒnɪks/ n
micreacnamaíocht
(economics) The field of economics that deals with small-scale economic activities such as those of an individual or company.

microfilm microfilms n
micreascannán
a continuous roll of film containing photographs of documents at a greatly reduced size.

microfilm v
cuir ar mhicreascannán
To reproduce (documents) on such film.

microlithic adj
micriliteach
Formed of small stones.

micrometer /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌmiːtəɹ/ /ˈmaɪkɹəˌmiːtə/ [ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌmiːɾɚ] micrometers n
micriméadar
one millionth of a meter

microphagous adj
micreafagach
(zoology) Feeding on small particles.

microphone /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌfoʊn/ /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌfəʊn/ microphones n
micreafón
A device (transducer) used to convert sound waves into a varying electric current; normally fed into an amplifier and either recorded or transmitted over radio.

microphotograph microphotographs n
micreafótagraf
A photograph so reduced in size that it must be viewed through a lens or a microscope.

microphotography n
micreafótagrafaíocht
The field of study of creating microphotographs, of photographing very small items or areas.

microprogram microprograms n
micreachlár
(computing) a set of microinstructions in a CPU, used to implement machine instructions

microscope /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskəʊp/ microscopes n
micreascóp
An optical instrument used for observing small objects.

microscopic /ˌmaɪ.kɹə.ˈskɑpɪk/ more microscopic most microscopic adj
micreascópach
Of, or relating to microscopes or microscopy; microscopal
So small that it can only be seen with the aid of a microscope.
Very small; minute
(figurative) Carried out with great attention to detail.

microscopy /maɪˈkɹɑ.skə.pi/ /maɪˈkɹɒs.kə.pi/ /mɑɪˈkɹɔs.kə.pi/ microscopies n
micreascópacht
The study of microscopes, their design and manufacture.
The use of microscopes.

microsporangium microsporangia n
micreaspóragán
(botany) A case, capsule or container that holds microspores.

microspore microspores n
micreaspór
(botany) The smaller of the two spores produced by plants; compare megaspore.

microsporophyll microsporophylls n
micreaspóraifill
a leaflike organ that bears one or more microsporangia (contrast megasporophyll or macrosporophyll)

microtome microtomes n
micreatóm
A special instrument that produces very thin slices of plant and animal tissues, for later examination by light microscope or electron microscope.

microwave /ˈmaɪkɹəʊˌweɪv/ /ˈmaɪkɹəˌweɪv/ microwaves n
micreathonn
An electromagnetic wave with wavelength between that of infrared light and radio waves.

microwave oven /ˈmaɪkɹə(ʊ)ˌweɪv ˈʌv(ə)n/ microwave ovens n
micreathonnán oigheann micreathonnach
An oven that uses microwave energy to heat food or other items placed within it.

mid-iron mid-irons n
meániarann
(golf) An iron golf club with more lift than a driver.

midafternoon midafternoons n
ardtráthnóna
The middle of the afternoon, normally between 2 and 4 pm.

midbrain midbrains n
lárinchinn
(neuroanatomy) A part of the brain located rostral to the pons and caudal to the thalamus and the basal ganglia, composed of the tectum (dorsal portion) and the tegmentum (ventral portion).

midden /ˈmɪdən/ middens n
carnán bruscair
(archaeology) An accumulation, deposit, or soil derived from occupation debris, rubbish, or other by-products of human activity, such as bone, shell, ash, or decayed organic materials; or a pile or mound of such materials, often prehistoric.

middle /ˈmɘdɘl/ /ˈmɪdəl/ [ˈmə.dɯ(ɫ)] [ˈmə.ɾ-] [ˈmɪ.dəɫ] [ˈmɪ.dʊ] [ˈmɪ.ɾɫ̩] [ˈmɪ̝.dəɫ] [ˈmɪ̝.dʊ] [ˈmɪ̝.ɾ-] middles n
lár
A centre, midpoint.
The central part of a human body; the waist.
lár meán
The part between the beginning and the end.

middle age n
meánaois
That period of life directly preceding old age, often defined roughly as ages 45–65; midlife.

middle class middle classes n
meánaicme
A social and economic class lying above the working class and below the upper class.

middle ear middle ears n
chluas láir
(anatomy) The cavity in the temporal bone between the eardrum and the inner ear that contains the ossicles, and which conveys sound to the cochlea.

middle finger middle fingers n
méar mheáin
The finger between the forefinger and the ring finger.

middle ground middle grounds n
meánionad meánraon
(art, photography) The middle distance.

middle manager middle managers n
meánbhainisteoir
(business) In a large organization, a manager or administrator who occupies a position in the organizational hierarchy which is above the level of a front-line supervisor but below the level of a vice-president or similar senior manager.

middle name middle names n
dara hainm lárainm
a name between the first given name and the family name or surname; a second or subsequent given name

middle of nowhere middles of nowhere n
ar an iargúil
(idiomatic) A very remote or secluded area; a nondescript place lacking population, interesting things, or defining characteristics.

middle school middle schools n
scoil mheánach
(schools, countable) A school which crosses the traditional divide between primary school and secondary school.

middle-aged /ˈmɪdl̩ˌeɪd͡ʒd/ /ˌmɪdl̩ˈeɪd͡ʒd/ more middle-aged most middle-aged adj
bunaosta meánaosta
(not comparable) Of or relating to middle age or a middle-ager; neither old nor young.

middle-class more middle-class most middle-class adj
meánaicmeach
Occupying a position between the upper class and the working class.
Characteristic of the middle class(es); reflective of that class's values and aspirations. Commonly associated with a desire for social respectability and an emphasis on family values and education.

midfield /ˈmɪd.fiːld/ midfields n
lárpháirc
(sports) The middle of the field of play.

midfielder midfielders n
lárpháircí
(sports) A player who operates behind the attackers and in front of the defence.

midge /mɪd͡ʒ/ midges n
míoltóg
any of various small two-winged flies, for example, from the family Chironomidae or non-biting midges, the family Chaoboridae or phantom midges, and the family Ceratopogonidae or biting midges, all belonging to the order Diptera

midget /ˈmɪd͡ʒɪt/ midgets n
cnádaí
(sometimes, offensive) Any short person.

midnight /ˈmɪdnʌɪt/ /ˈmɪdˌnaɪt/ midnights n
meán oíche
Twelve o'clock at night exactly.

midpoint /ˈmɪd.poɪnt/ /ˈmɪd.pɔɪnt/ midpoints n
lárphointe
A point equidistant between two extremes.
(mathematics) A point which divides a line segment into two lines of equal length.

midshipman midshipmen n
meánloingseach
(nautical) An officer of the lowest rank in several navies; especially, a trainee officer.

midsummer midsummers n
Lá Fhéile Eoin Oíche Fhéile Eoin Oíche Fhéile Sin Seáin
Midsummer Day, the English quarter day.

midway /mɪdweɪ/ midways n
fothaispeántas
(US) The part of a fair or circus where rides, entertainments, and booths are concentrated.

midwife /ˈmɪd.(w)ɪf/ /ˈmɪd.waɪf/ midwives n
bean chabhrach bean ghlúine cnáimhseach
A person, usually a woman, who is trained to assist women in childbirth, but who is not a physician.

midwifery /mɪdˈwɪfəɹi/ /ˈmɪdˌwaɪfəɹi/ midwiferies n
cnáimhseachas
The practice and science of being a midwife.

mien /miːn/ miens n
gnúis
(countable, uncountable) Demeanor; facial expression or attitude, especially one which is intended by its bearer.
(countable) A specific facial expression.

mighty /ˈmaɪti/ [ˈmʌɪɾi] mightier mightiest adj
mórchumhachtach neartmhar tréan
Very strong; possessing might.

mignonette /ˌmɪnjəˈnɛt/ mignonettes n
buí cumhra
A greyish-green colour, like that of the flowers of the plant.

migraine /ˈmaɪɡɹeɪn/ /ˈmiːɡɹeɪn/ migraines n
mígréin
(pathology) A severe, disabling headache, usually affecting only one side of the head, and often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia and visual disturbances.

migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ migrations n
imirce
An instance of moving to live in another place for a while.
Seasonal moving of animals, as mammals, birds or fish, especially between breeding and non-breeding areas.

migratory /ˈmaɪ.ɡɹəˌtɔɹ.i/ /ˌmaɪˈɡɹeɪ.tə.ɹi/ adj
aistreánach imirceach
(of birds, etc) Migrating.

migratory bird migratory birds n
éan aistreáin éan aistreánach éan imirce éan imirceach
A bird that moves from one area of the world to another according to the season, usually from north to south and vice versa.

milch /mɪlt͡ʃ/ adj
bainne bleacht
(dated, of a mammal) Currently producing milk for its offspring.

mildew /ˈmɪl.d(j)u/ /ˈmɪl.djuː/ n
caonach liath coincleach
(plant disease) A growth of minute powdery or webby fungi, whitish or of different colors, found on various diseased or decaying substances.

mile /maɪ̯l/ [maɪ̯ɫ] mile miles n
míle
Any of several customary units of length derived from the 1593 English statute mile of 8 furlongs, equivalent to 5,280 feet or 1,760 yards of various precise values.
Any of many customary units of length from other measurement systems of roughly similar values, as the Chinese mile or Arabic mile.

milieu /-ˈju/ /-ˈjʊ/ /mɪlˈju/ /mɪlˈjɜː/ /ˈmiːljɜː/ milieus milieux n
timpeallacht
(specifically) A social environment or setting.

military /mɪ.lɪˈta.ɾi/ /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tɹi/ /ˈmɪl.ɪˌtɛɹ.i/ more military most military adj
míleata
Characteristic of members of the armed forces.
(North America) Relating to armed forces such as the army, marines, navy and air force (often as distinguished from civilians or police forces).
Relating to armies or ground forces.

military service n
seirbhís airm seirbhís mhíleata
Service in an army or other military organisation, whether as a chosen job (volunteering) or as a result of an involuntary draft (conscription).

milk /mɪlk/ [mɛlk] milks n
bainne
(uncountable, by extension) A white (or whitish) liquid obtained from a vegetable source such as almonds, coconuts, oats, rice, and/or soy beans.

milk /mɪlk/ [mɛlk] v
crúigh bligh
(transitive) To express milk from (a mammal, especially a cow).

milk chocolate milk chocolates n
seacláid bhainne
(uncountable) Chocolate that includes milk powder as one of its ingredients.

milk pudding milk puddings n
maróg bhainne
(chiefly, British) Any of several simple cooked desserts made from sweetened milk and some starchy ingredient.

milk thistle milk thistles n
feochadán Muire
Any of the thistles in the genus Silybum, especially Silybum marianum.

milk tooth milk teeth n
fiacail diúil
Any tooth of the first set of teeth of young people (or animals).

milking milkings n
bleán
The act by which any animal is milked.

milking machine milking machines n
inneall crúite
A machine for milking cows.

milkman /ˈmɪlkmən/ milkmen n
fear bainne
A man who delivers milk to households and sometimes businesses early in the morning.

milkshake /ˈmɪlk.ʃeɪk/ [ˈmɪɫk.ʃeɪk] milkshakes n
creathán bainne
A thick beverage consisting of milk and ice cream mixed together, often with fruit, chocolate, or other flavoring.
(New England, Australia, New Zealand) A thin beverage, similar to the above, but with no ice cream or significantly less of it.

milkshed milksheds n
bleánlann
A shed in which animals are milked. (Contrast milkhouse, a building or portion thereof where milk is cooled and stored pending transport.)

milky /ˈmɪlki/ milkier milkiest adj
lachtach
Resembling milk in color, consistency, smell, etc.; consisting of milk.

mill /mɪl/ [mɪo̯] [mɪɫ] [mɪʊ̯] mills n
muileann
The building housing such a grinding apparatus.
A manufacturing plant for paper, steel, textiles, etc.

mill /mɪl/ [mɪo̯] [mɪɫ] [mɪʊ̯] v
meil
(transitive) To grind or otherwise process in a mill or other machine.

mill dam /ˈmɪldam/ mill dams n
damba muilinn
A dam constructed across a river or stream to raise the water level so that it can turn a millwheel; also, the millpond so created.

millennium /mɪˈlɛnɪəm/ millennia millenniums n
mílaoise
(with definite article) The year in which one period of one thousand years ends and another begins, especially the year 2000.

miller /ˈmɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɪlɚ/ millers n
muilleoir
A person who owns or operates a mill, especially a flourmill.

millet /ˈmɪlət/ /ˈmɪlɪt/ millets n
muiléad
Any of a group of various types of grass or its grains used as food, widely cultivated in the developing world.

milli- /ˈmɪlɪ/ prefix
mili-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, one-thousandth of the unit to which it is prefixed; that is, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10-3. Symbol: m.

millibar millibars n
milleabar
A non-SI unit of pressure equal to 100 pascals, used primarily to report atmospheric pressure.

millinery /ˈmɪl.nɚˌi/ /ˈmɪl.ɪ.nɚ.i/ millineries n
hataí ban
Women's hats.
siopa hataí
(countable) A shop selling women's hats.
haitéireacht
(uncountable) The business and work that a milliner engages in.

million /ˈmɪljən/ [ˈmɪʎən] millions numeral
milliún
(long and short scales) The cardinal number 1,000,000: 106; a thousand thousand.

millionaire /ˈmɪl.jəˌnɛɹ/ /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/ /ˌmɪl.jəˈnɛɹ/ millionaires n
milliúnaí
A person whose net worth is at or greater than one million units of the local currency.

millionairess millionairesses n
banmhilliúnaí
A woman whose wealth is greater than one million dollars, or the local currency; a female millionaire.

milt /mɪlt/ milts n
péire
The semen of a male fish.

mimic /ˈmɪm.ɪk/ mimics n
aithriseoir
A person who practices mimicry; especially:

mimicry /ˈmɪm.ɪ.kɹi/ /ˈmɪm.ɪ.kɹɪ/ mimicries n
aithriseoireacht athmhagadh
An act or ability to simulate or effect the appearance of someone or something else.

mimosa /mɪˈmoʊ.sə/ /mɪˈməʊ.sə/ /mɪˈməʊ.zə/ mimosae mimosas n
míomós
(botany) A plant belonging to the genus Mimosa usually found in tropical climates, their leaves are usually prickly and sensitive to touch or light, and have small white or pink flowers.

minaret /mɪnəˈɹɛt/ /ˈmɪnəɹɛt/ minarets n
miontúr
The tall slender tower of an Islamic mosque, from which the muezzin recites the adhan (call to prayer).

mince /mɪns/ minces n
mionfheoil
(uncountable) Finely chopped meat; minced meat.

mince pie mince pies n
pióg mhionra
A pie, traditionally served around Christmas time, having a filling of mincemeat (now usually in the sweet sense) and sometimes also containing alcohol or other ingredients.

mind /maɪnd/ minds n
intinn meabhair
The capability for rational thought.

mind /maɪnd/ v
aireachasaigh bí i bhfeighil is miste le tabhair aire do
(chiefly, in the imperative) To pay attention or heed to so as to obey; hence to obey; to make sure, to take care (that). [from 17th c.]
aireachasaigh bí i bhfeighil tabhair aire do
To look after, to take care of, especially for a short period of time. [from 17th c.]

minder minders n
feighlí páistí
A monitor assigned by the authorities to someone, such as a foreign visitor (to exercise control over their contacts with the populace) or a journalist or someone who is speaking to journalists (to monitor and control what they say).

mine /maɪ̯n/ mines n
mianach
An excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken, especially one consisting of underground tunnels.
(military) A passage dug toward or underneath enemy lines, which is then packed with explosives.
(military) A device intended to explode when stepped upon or touched, or when approached by a ship, vehicle, or person.

miner /ˈmaɪnə(ɹ)/ miners n
mianadóir
A person who works in a mine.
An operator of ordnance mines and similar explosives.

mineral /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/ /ˈmɪn.ɚ.əl/ /ˈmɪn.ɹəl/ adj
mianrach
of, related to, or containing minerals

mineral /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/ /ˈmɪn.ɚ.əl/ /ˈmɪn.ɹəl/ minerals n
mianra
(geology) Any naturally occurring material that has a (more or less) definite chemical composition and characteristic physical properties; especially, an inorganic one.

mineral oil mineral oils n
ola mhianra
Any mixture of aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons derived from petroleum used for very many applications, but not as a fuel.

mineralize v
mianraigh
To convert to a mineral; to petrify.
To impregnate with minerals.

mineralogist mineralogists n
mianreolaí
A person expert in mineralogy.

mineralogy /ˌmɪnəˈɹɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌmɪnəˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ mineralogies n
mianreolaíocht
(petrology) The branch of petrology that studies minerals.

mineshaft mineshafts n
sloc mianaigh
A vertical hole through the strata to reach the mineral which is being mined.

miniature /ˈmɪn(i)ət͡ʃəɹ/ /ˈmɪn(i)ət͡ʃʊəɹ/ /ˈmɪnɪtʃə/ miniatures n
mionsamhail
A small version of something; a model of reduced scale.

minimal /ˈmɪn.ə.məl/ /ˈmɪn.ɪ.məl/ more minimal most minimal adj
íosta
The smallest possible amount, quantity, or degree.

minimal pair minimal pairs n
péire íosmhéide
(phonology) A pair of words differing by only one phonetic segment or suprasegment, used to prove the validity of a proposed phoneme, toneme, or chroneme.

minimalism minimalisms n
íostachas
(arts) A style of art that emphasises extreme simplicity of form.
(music genre) A style of music that emphasises extreme simplicity of rhythms and melodic forms to achieve a trancelike effect.

minimalist minimalists n
íostach
One who believes in or seeks a minimal state; one who seeks to minimize or reduce to a minimum.

minimization minimizations n
íoslaghdú íoslaghdúchán
The act of lowering something to its smallest value or extent.
íoslaghdú
(mathematics) The process of finding the minimum value of a function.

minimize /ˈmɪn.ə.maɪz/ /ˈmɪn.əˌmaɪz/ /ˈmɪn.ɪ.maɪz/ v
íoslaghdaigh íosmhéadaigh
(transitive) To make (something) smaller or as small as possible; shrink; reduce.

minimum wage /ˌmɪnəməm ˈweɪd͡ʒ/ /ˌmɪnɪməm ˈweɪd͡ʒ/ minimum wages n
pá íosta íosphá
(economics) The lowest rate at which an employer must legally pay an employee, usually expressed as pay per hour.

mining /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/ minings n
mianadóireacht
The activity of removing solid valuables from the earth.

mining engineer mining engineers n
innealtóir mianach
(This entry is a translation hub.)

ministry /ˈmɪnɪstɹi/ ministries n
aireacht
Government department, at the administrative level normally headed by a minister (or equivalent rank, e.g. secretary of state), who holds it as portfolio, especially in a constitutional monarchy, but also as a polity
The complete body of government ministers (whether or not they are in cabinet) under the leadership of a head of government (such as a prime minister)
ministreacht
The active practice and education of the minister of a particular religion or faith.

mink /mɪŋk/ mink minks n
minc
(plural mink or minks) Any of various semi-aquatic, carnivorous mammals in the Mustelinae subfamily, similar to weasels, with dark fur, native to Europe and America, of which two species in different genera are extant: the American mink (Neovison vison) and the European mink (Mustela lutreola).

minnow /ˈmɪnoʊ/ /ˈmɪnəʊ/ minnows n
bodairlín pincín
The common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), a small freshwater fish of the carp family Cyprinidae which has a green back with black elongated blotches, commonly swimming in large shoals.

minor /ˈmaɪ.nəɹ/ /ˈmaɪnə/ minors n
mionaoiseach
(Scots law, obsolete) An adolescent, a person above the legal age of puberty but below the age of majority.

minor arcana n
na rúnchártaí beaga
The court cards and numbered pip cards in a tarot deck.

minor key minor keys n
mionghléas
(music) A musical key based upon a minor scale.

minor planet minor planets n
fophláinéad mionphláinéad
(astronomy) An astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun that is not a planet or a comet.

mint /mɪnt/ mints n
mionta
A building or institution where money (originally, only coins) is produced under government licence.
mismín
The flavouring of the plant, either a sweet, a jelly or sauce.

mint /mɪnt/ v
buail
To invent; to forge; to fabricate; to fashion.

mint sauce mint sauces n
anlann miontais
A sauce, made with mint and vinegar, that is a popular accompaniment to roast lamb.

minus /ˈmaɪnəs/ preposition
lúide
(mathematics) Made less or reduced by (followed by an expression of number or quantity). [from 15th c.]

minute /ˈmɪnɪt/ minutes n
nóiméad bomaite
A unit of time which is one sixtieth of an hour (sixty seconds).

minute hand minute hands n
snáthaid mhór
The hand of a clock or watch face that revolves once each hour and indicates the minutes.

minutes /ˈmɪnɪts/ n
miontuairisc
The official notes kept during a meeting.

mirabelle plum mirabelle plums n
miribéal
The sweet, edible drupaceous fruit of the mirabelle prune tree, a cultivar of the plum tree of the subspecies Prunus domestica subsp. syriaca, often used in pies, wines, and brandy

miracle /ˈmiɹəkəl/ /ˈmɪɹəkəl/ miracles n
míorúilt
An event that appears inexplicable by the laws of nature and so is held to be supernatural in origin.

miraculous /məˈɹæk.jə.ləs/ /mɪˈɹæk.jə.ləs/ /mɪˈɹæk.jʊ.ləs/ more miraculous most miraculous adj
míorúilteach
By supernatural or uncommon causes, e.g. by a god; that cannot be explained in terms of normal events.

mirror /ˈmiɹ.ɚ/ /ˈmə.ɹa/ /ˈmɪ.ɹə/ /ˈmɪɹ.ɚ/ /ˈmɪɹ/ mirrors n
scáthán
A smooth surface, usually made of glass with reflective material painted on the underside, that reflects light so as to give an image of what is in front of it.

miry /ˈmaɪ(ə)ɹi/ mirier miriest adj
broghach ceachrach draoibeach lábach lábánach
Resembling or characteristic of a mire; swampy, boggy. [from 14th c.]

misalignment misalignments n
mí-ailíniú
the state, or an instance, of being misaligned

misandrist misandrists n
fuathaitheoir fear
One who professes misandry; a hater of men.

misanthrope /ˈmɪs.ənˌθɹoʊp/ /ˈmɪs.ənˌθɹəʊp/ /ˈmɪz.ənˌθɹoʊp/ /ˈmɪz.ənˌθɹəʊp/ misanthropes n
míchaidreamhach
One who has a negative view of the entire human race. This may express itself as, e.g., distrust, dislike, hate, or contempt.

misanthropic /-zən-/ /ˌmɪsənˈθɹɑpɪk/ /ˌmɪsənˈθɹɒpɪk/ more misanthropic most misanthropic adj
míchaidreamhach
Having a negative view of mankind. This may express itself as, e.g., distrust, dislike, hate, or contempt.

misanthropy misanthropies n
míchaidreamhacht
A negative view of the entire human race. This may express itself as, e.g., distrust, dislike, hate, or contempt.

miscalculate v
mí-áirigh míríomh
To calculate incorrectly.

miscalculation miscalculations n
mí-áireamh míríomh
An incorrect or mistaken calculation.

miscarriage /ˈmɪs.kæɹ.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈmɪs.kɛɹ.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈmɪskaɹɪd͡ʒ/ miscarriages n
anabaíocht breith anabaí
(medicine) The spontaneous natural termination of a pregnancy, especially before it is viable; the fatal expulsion of a foetus from the womb before term. [from 17th c.]

miscarry /ˌmɪsˈkæɹi/ v
beir go hanabaí scar le clann
To have a miscarriage; to involuntarily abort a foetus. [from 16th c.]

miscellaneous /ˌmɪsəˈleɪnɪəs/ more miscellaneous most miscellaneous adj
il- ilghnéitheach
Consisting of a variety of ingredients or parts.
ilghnéitheach
Having diverse characteristics, abilities or appearances.

mischief /ˈmɪs.t͡ʃiːf/ /ˈmɪs.t͡ʃɪf/ /ˈmɪʃ.t͡ʃiːf/ /ˈmɪʃ.t͡ʃɪf/ mischiefs n
anmhailís breathas cros donas drochobair mísc
diabhlaíocht rógaireacht
(uncountable) Conduct that playfully causes petty annoyance.
dochar díobháil trioblóid
(uncountable) Harm or trouble caused by an agent or brought about by a particular cause.
clampróir diabhal toirmeascaí áibhirseoir
(archaic, countable) A cause or agent of annoyance, harm or injury, especially a person who causes mischief.

mischievous /mɪs.ˈt͡ʃiː.vi.əs/ /mɪs.ˈt͡ʃiː.vəs/ /ˈmɪs.t͡ʃə.vəs/ /ˈmɪs.t͡ʃɪ.vəs/ more mischievous most mischievous adj
aibéiseach ábhailleach
anmhailíseach toirmeascach
Causing mischief; injurious.
anmhailíseach
Troublesome, cheeky, badly behaved.

mischievousness /ˈmɪst͡ʃɪvəsnəs/ mischievousnesses n
diabhlaíocht
The characteristic of being mischievous; the tendency to make mischief.

miser /ˈmaɪzə(ɹ)/ misers n
cníopaire
(pejorative) A person who hoards money rather than spending it; one who is cheap or extremely parsimonious.

miserable /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹəbəl/ more miserable most miserable adj
aimléiseach ainnis anóiteach galair
In a state of misery: very sad, ill, or poor.
dearóil
Wretched; worthless; mean; contemptible.

miserly /ˈmaɪ.zə(ɹ).li/ more miserly most miserly adj
ocrach
Like a miser, very or objectionably cautious with money.

misery /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹi/ /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹɪ/ miseries n
aimléis galar
Great unhappiness; extreme pain of body or mind; wretchedness; distress; woe.

misfire /mɪsˈfaɪ(ɹ)/ /ˈmɪs.faɪ(ɹ)/ /ˈmɪs.faɪ.ɚ/ misfires n
loiceadh
An act of misfiring.

misfire /mɪsˈfaɪ(ɹ)/ /ˈmɪs.faɪ(ɹ)/ /ˈmɪs.faɪ.ɚ/ v
loic
(firearm) To fail to discharge properly.

misfortune /mɪsˈfɔɹt͡ʃən/ /mɪsˈfɔːtʃuːn/ misfortunes n
mí-ádh amarrán drochrath mífhortún
(uncountable) Bad luck.
amaróid anachain tubaiste
(countable) An undesirable event such as an accident.

misgiving /mɪsˈɡɪvɪŋ/ misgivings n
drochamhras
doubt, apprehension, a feeling of dread

misguided /mɪsˈɡaɪdɪd/ more misguided most misguided adj
aimhleasach aimhleasta gan chiall iomrallach místiúrtha seachránach
Lacking proper guidance.

mishmash /ˈmɪʃˌmæʃ/ mishmashes n
meascán
A collection containing a variety of miscellaneous things.

misinterpretation misinterpretations n
míchiall
An instance of misinterpreting.

misjudgment misjudgments n
míbhreithiúnas

mismanagement /ˌmɪsˈmænəd͡ʒmənt/ /ˌmɪsˈmænɪd͡ʒmənt/ mismanagements n
drochbhainistiú míbhainistíocht
The process or practice of managing ineptly, incompetently, or dishonestly.

misogynist /mɪˈsɑd͡ʒ.ən.ɪst/ /mɪˈsɒd͡ʒ.ən.ɪst/ misogynists n
fuathaitheoir ban
One who professes misogyny; a hater of women.

misreading misreadings n
míléamh
an incorrect reading

miss /mɪs/ misses n
ógbhean
An unmarried woman; a girl.

miss /mɪs/ v
airigh ó cronaigh
(transitive) To become aware of the loss or absence of; to feel the want or need of, sometimes with regret.

missal missals n
leabhar Aifrinn
(Catholicism) A book containing the prayers and responses needed when celebrating the Roman Catholic Mass throughout the year.

misshapen /mɪsˈʃeɪ.pən/ [mɪʃˈʃeɪ.pən] more misshapen most misshapen adj
anchumtha dodhealbhach míchruthach míchumtha
Having a bad, ugly or awkward shape; deformed; malformed.

missile /-aɪl/ /ˈmɪs(ə)l/ /ˈmɪsaɪl/ missiles n
arm diúractha diúracán
Any object used as a weapon by being thrown or fired through the air, such as stone, arrow or bullet. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
diúracán
(military) A self-propelled projectile whose trajectory can be adjusted after it is launched. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

missing /ˈmɪsɪŋ/ adj
ar iarraidh easpach
Not able to be located; gone, misplaced.

missing person missing people missing persons n
duine ar iarraidh
A person whose whereabouts are unknown and who is being sought.

missionary position missionary positions n
suíomh misinéireachta
A position for sexual intercourse in which the man and woman face each other, with the man on top.

mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ mistakes n
botún
An error.

mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ v
déan dearmad déan earráid
(transitive) To understand wrongly, taking one thing or person for another.

mistle thrush mistle thrushes n
smólach mór
A large Eurasian thrush, Turdus viscivorus.

mistletoe /ˈmɪs(ə)ltəʊ/ /ˈmɪsəlˌtoʊ/ mistletoes n
drualus
(countable, uncountable) Any of numerous hemiparasitic evergreen plants of the order Santalales with white berries that grow in the crowns of apple trees, oaks, and other trees, such as the European mistletoe (Viscum album) and American mistletoe or eastern mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum).

mistress /ˈmɪstɹɪs/ mistresses n
máistreás
A woman, specifically one with great control, authority or ownership
A female teacher
bean luí
The other woman in an extramarital relationship, generally including sexual relations

misty /ˈmɪsti/ mistier mistiest adj
ceoch
Covered in mist; foggy.

mite /maɪt/ mites n
fíneog
Any of many minute arachnids which, along with the ticks, comprise subclass Acarina (aka Acari).
cianóg
A small coin formerly circulated in England, rated at about a third of a farthing.

mitochondrion /ˌmaɪtoʊˈkandɹiən/ mitochondria mitochondrions n
miteacoindre
(cytology) A spherical or ovoid organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and containing genetic material separate from that of the host; it is responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy in the form of ATP.

mitosis /maɪˈtoʊ.sɪs/ /maɪˈtəʊ.sɪs/ mitoses n
miotóis
(cytology) The division of a cell nucleus in which the genome is copied and separated into two identical halves. It is normally followed by cell division.

mitre /ˈmaɪtəɹ/ mitres n
mítéar
A covering for the head, worn on solemn occasions by church dignitaries, which has been made in many forms, mostly recently a tall cap with two points or peaks.

mitten /ˈmɪtn̩/ /ˈmɪʔn̩/ mittens n
mitín
A type of glove or garment that covers a hand with a separate sheath for the thumb, but not for other fingers, which are either enclosed in a single section or left uncovered.

mix /ˈmɪks/ v
measc
(transitive) To combine (items from two or more sources normally kept separate).

mix and match v
measc agus meaitseáil a dhéanamh
To vary elements to make compatible combinations.

mixed /mɪkst/ more mixed most mixed adj
measctha
Having two or more separate aspects.
Including both male(s) and female(s).
ilchultúrtha measctha
Stemming from two or more races or breeds.

mixed doubles n
cluiche dúbailte measctha
(sports) A game played between two teams, each consisting of a female and a male.

mixed marriage mixed marriages n
idirphósadh pósadh measctha
Marriage between people of different socially-distinguished groups, such as different races, cultures or religions.

mixologist mixologists n
manglamóir deochanna
(jocular) A person who creates cocktails; a bartender. [from 1856]

mixture /ˈmɪkstʃə/ /ˈmɪkst͡ʃɚ/ mixtures n
meascadh
The act of mixing.
meascán
Something produced by mixing.
cumasc
A medicinal compound, typically a suspension of a solid in a solution

mizzenmast /ˈmɪz.ənˌmæst/ /ˈmɪz.ənˌmɑːst/ mizzenmasts n
crann deiridh
(nautical) The aftmost mast on a ship having three masts; the third-tallest mast on a full-rigged ship.

moan /moʊn/ /məʊn/ moans n
ong
a low, mournful cry of pain, sorrow or pleasure

moan /moʊn/ /məʊn/ v
éagaoin
(transitive, now, _, rare) To complain about; to bemoan, to bewail; to mourn. [from 13th c.]

moat /moʊt/ /məʊt/ moats n
díog móta
A deep, wide defensive ditch, normally filled with water, surrounding a fortified habitation.

mobile phone mobile phones n
fón póca guthán póca guthán soghluaiste
A portable telephone that connects with the telephone network over radio wave transmission.

mobility /moʊˈbɪlɪti/ /mə(ʊ)ˈbɪlɪti/ mobilities n
luaineacht lúth
The ability to move; capacity for movement. [from 15th c.]
(military) The ability of a military unit to move or be transported to a new position. [from 18th c.]

mobster /ˈmɑb.stɚ/ /ˈmɒb.stə/ mobsters n
drongadóir
A member of a mob or Mafia.

mocha /ˈmoʊkə/ /ˈmɒkə/ mochas n
caife mhoca moca
(countable) A coffee drink with chocolate syrup added, or a serving thereof.

mock examination mock examinations n
scrúdú bréige

mock-heroic more mock-heroic most mock-heroic adj
scig-ghaisciúil
(literature) Pertaining to a literary mode in which trivial subjects or characters are treated using the elaborate language devices of the heroic style.

mock-up /ˈmɑk.ʌp/ /ˈmɒk.ʌp/ mock-ups n
balbhshamhail samhail samhailghaireas
A scale or full-size model of a design or device which is not fully functional, used for teaching, demonstration, design evaluation, promotion, and other purposes.

mocking /ˈmɑkɪŋ/ /ˈmɒkɪŋ/ more mocking most mocking adj
aithriseach
derisive or contemptuous
teasing or taunting

mockingbird /ˈmɑkɪŋˌbɝd/ /ˈmɒkɪŋbɜːd/ mockingbirds n
éan aithrise
A long-tailed American songbird of the Mimidae family, noted for its ability to mimic calls of other birds.

modal verb modal verbs n
briathar cúntach

model /ˈmɑdl̩/ /ˈmɒdl̩/ [ˈmɑ.ɾɫ] models n
cuspóir
cuspa mainicín
A person who serves as a template for artwork or fashion
samhail
A representation of a physical object.
A representation used to analyze the workings of a real world system or event.
cineál
A style, type, or design.
samhail macasamhail mionsamhail múnla
The structural design of a complex system.
eiseamláir
A successful example to be copied, with or without modifications.
macasamhail mionsamhail múnla
(software architecture) In software applications using the model-view-controller design pattern, the part or parts of the application that manage the data.

model /ˈmɑdl̩/ /ˈmɒdl̩/ [ˈmɑ.ɾɫ] v
déan
(transitive) to create from a substance such as clay
bheith ag mainicíneacht
(intransitive) to make a model or models

modeling modelings n
mionsamhlú múnlú
The art of sculpting models from clay etc. to create a representation of something.
mainicíneacht
The profession of someone who models clothes.
samhaltú
(mathematics) The construction and use of a computer model of a physical system.
aithris eiseamláiriú
The learning of a new skill by copying other people.

modeling clay modeling clays n
marla
A malleable substance used in building models and sculpting.

moderate /ˈmɑdəɹeɪt/ /ˈmɑdəɹət/ /ˈmɒdəɹeɪt/ /ˈmɒdəɹət/ more moderate most moderate adj
réasúnta
Not excessive; acting in moderation

moderateness n
nádúrthacht réasúntacht
the quality of being moderate

moderation /ˌmɑdəˈɹeɪʃən/ /ˌmɒdəˈɹeɪʃən/ moderations n
measarthacht

modern /ˈmɑdɚn/ /ˈmɒd(ə)n/ moderner modernest more modern most modern adj
nua-aimseartha nua-aoiseach
Pertaining to a current or recent time and style; not ancient.

modernity /məˈdɜːn.ɪ.ti/ /məˈdɝn.ɪ.ti/ modernities n
nua-aois
nua-aimsearthacht nua-aoiseacht
(history) Quality of being of the modern period of contemporary historiography.

modest /ˈmɑdəst/ modester modestest more modest most modest adj
adhnáireach modhúil náireach náiriúil
Not bragging or boasting about oneself or one's achievements; unpretentious, humble.
modhúil
(especially of behavior or clothing) Intending to avoid the encouraging of sexual attraction in others.

modesty /ˈmɒd.ə.sti/ modesties n
adhnáire
The quality of being modest; having a limited and not overly high opinion of oneself and one's abilities.

moggy /ˈmɒ.ɡi/ /ˈmɔ.ɡi/ moggies n
caitín peata cait
(UK, AU) A domestic cat, especially (depreciative, _, or, _, derogatory) a non-pedigree or unremarkable cat.

moisture /ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃə/ /ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃɚ/ moistures n
taisleach
The state of being moist.

mold /moʊld/ /mɔʊld/ /məʊld/ molds n
múnla
A hollow form or matrix for shaping a fluid or plastic substance.
múscán snas
A natural substance in the form of a woolly or furry growth of tiny fungi that appears when organic material lies for a long time exposed to (usually warm and moist) air.

molding /ˈmoʊl.dɪŋ/ /ˈməʊl.dɪŋ/ moldings n
múnla múnlóireacht teilgeoireacht
The act or process of shaping in or on a mold, or of making molds; the art or occupation of a molder.
múnláil
(architecture) A plane, or curved, narrow surface, either sunk or projecting, used for decoration by means of the lights and shades upon its surface and to conceal joints, especially between unlike materials.

mole /mol/ /moʊl/ /mɒʊl/ /mɔʊl/ /məʊl/ moles n
ball dobhráin
A naevus, a pigmented, slightly raised, and sometimes hairy spot on the skin.

mole /mol/ /moʊl/ /mɒʊl/ /məʊl/ moles n
caochán
Any of the burrowing rodents also called mole-rats.
(espionage) An internal spy, a person who involves himself or herself with an enemy organisation, especially an intelligence or governmental organisation, to determine and betray its secrets from within.

mole /mol/ /moʊl/ /məʊl/ moles n
muirmhúr
(nautical) A massive structure, usually of stone, used as a pier, breakwater or junction between places separated by water.
gram-mhóilín mól
(chemistry, physics) In the International System of Units, the base unit of amount of substance; the amount of substance of a system which contains exactly 6.02214076×1023 elementary entities (atoms, ions, molecules, etc.). Symbol: mol. The number of atoms is known as Avogadro’s number. [from 1897]

mole cricket mole crickets n
caoch-chriogar
Any of various large insects from the family Gryllotalpidae that burrow into moist soil and feed on plant roots.

molecatcher /ˈməʊlkatʃə/ molecatchers n
fiagaí caochán
A person who traps and kills moles. [from 16th c.]

molecular /məˈlɛkjuləɹ/ /məˈlɛkjələɹ/ /məˈlɛkjʊlə/ adj
móilíneach
(chemistry) Relating to, or consisting of, or produced by molecules.
(food) Relating to molecular gastronomy.

molecule /ˈmɑl.ə.kjul/ /ˈmɒl.ə.kjuːl/ moleculae molecules moleculæ n
móilín
(chemistry) The smallest particle of a specific element or compound that retains the chemical properties of that element or compound; two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

molehill /ˈməʊlhɪl/ molehills n
carnán caochán
A small mound of earth created by a mole's burrowing underneath the surface of the ground.

moleskin moleskins n
craiceann caocháin
The fur of a mole.

mollusc /ˈmɑləsk/ /ˈmɒləsk/ molluscs n
moileasc
A soft-bodied invertebrate of the phylum Mollusca, typically with a hard shell of one or more pieces.

mollycoddle /ˈmɑl.iˌkɑd.əl/ /ˈmɒl.ɪˌkɒd.əl/ mollycoddles n
peata mamaí
(now, _, rare) A person, especially a man or a boy, who is pampered and overprotected.

molybdenum /məˈlɪbdɪnəm/ molybdenums n
molaibdéineam
A chemical element (symbol Mo) with an atomic number of 42: a silvery metal, not found as a free element, used in steel alloys.

moment /ˈmoʊmənt/ /ˈməʊmənt/ moments n
nóiméad
(historical, unit) A definite period of time, specifically one-tenth of a point, or one-fortieth or one-fiftieth of an hour.

momentum /ˌmoʊˈmɛntəm/ /ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/ momenta momentums n
móiminteam
(physics) Of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity, or the vector sum of the products of its masses and velocities.

monarch /ˈmɑnɑɹk/ /ˈmɑnɚk/ /ˈmɒnək/ monarchs n
monarc
The ruler of an absolute monarchy or the head of state of a constitutional monarchy.

monarchist monarchists n
monarcaí
A supporter of, or believer in, monarchy.

monarchy /ˈmɑnɚki/ /ˈmɒnəki/ monarchies n
monarcacht
A government in which sovereignty is embodied within a single, today usually hereditary head of state (whether as a figurehead or as a powerful ruler).

monastery /ˈmɑnəstəɹi/ /ˈmɑnəstɛɹi/ /ˈmɒnəstɹi/ monasteries n
mainistir
A residence for monks or others who have taken religious vows.

monasticism monasticisms n
manachas
(religion) The practice of renouncing all worldly pursuits in order to fully devote one's life to spiritual work.

monatomic adj
aon-adamhach
(chemistry) Of an element, consisting of a single atom in the molecule, for example, the noble gases. Note: Strictly speaking, a molecule has at least two atoms.

monetarist more monetarist most monetarist adj
airgeadaíoch
Of, pertaining to, or advocating monetarism.

monetarist monetarists n
airgeadaí
An economist who is an advocate of monetarism.

monetary /ˈman.ə.teː.ɹi/ /ˈmɑnɪtɛɹi/ /ˈmʌnətɛɹi/ /ˈmʌnɪt(ə)ɹi/ adj
airgeadaíochta airgeadúil
Of, pertaining to, or consisting of money.

monetary policy monetary policies n
airgeadaíocht
(economics) The process by which the government, central bank, or monetary authority manages the supply of money, or trading in foreign exchange markets.

money /ˈmʌni/ [ˈmɐni] moneys monies n
airgead
A generally accepted means of exchange and measure of value.
A currency maintained by a state or other entity which can guarantee its value (such as a monetary union).
Hard cash in the form of banknotes and coins, as opposed to cheques/checks, credit cards, or credit more generally.
saibhreas
Wealth; a person, family or class that possesses wealth.

money bag money bags n
mála airgid
A bag, normally with a drawstring, used for holding money.

money changer money changers n
malartóir airgid
A person who will exchange currency of one type for another for a fee or percentage.

money market money markets n
margadh airgid
(finance) A market for trading short-term debt instruments, such as treasury bills, commercial paper, bankers' acceptances, and certificates of deposit.

money talks /ˈmʌn.i tɑks/ /ˈmʌn.i tɔks/ /ˈmʌn.i tɔːks/ proverb
bíonn urraim don airgead
It is easier to accomplish goals using money instead of just talk.

monger /ˈmɑŋ.ɡəɹ/ /ˈmʌŋ.ɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈmʌŋ.ɡəɹ/ mongers n
ceannaí mangaire
(mostly, in combination) A dealer in a specific commodity.

mongoose /ˈmɑŋ.ɡus/ /ˈmɒŋ.ɡuːs/ /ˈmʌŋ.ɡus/ mongeese mongooses n
mongús
Any of several species of generalist predatory Carnivores in the family Herpestidae; the various species range in size from rats to large cats. The Indian mongoose is noted as a predator of venomous snakes, though other mongoose species have similar habits.

mongrel /ˈmɑŋ.ɡɹəl/ /ˈmʌŋ.ɡɹəl/ mongrels n
crosanta
(often, pejorative) Someone or something of mixed kind or uncertain origin, especially a dog.

monitor lizard monitor lizards n
laghairt mhonatóra
Any of various large carnivorous lizards of the family Varanidae, all of whose extant species are of genus Varanus, native to Africa, Asia and Australia.

monk seal monk seals n
rón manaigh
A seal of the genus Monachus.

monkey /ˈmʊŋki/ /ˈmʌŋki/ monkeys monkies n
moncaí
(inexact, sometimes, _, proscribed) Any simian primate other than hominids, any monkey or ape.

monkey puzzle /ˈmʌŋkiˌpʌz(ə)l/ monkey puzzles n
arócar
A large coniferous tree, Araucaria araucana, native to Chile. [from 19th c.]

monkey-house monkey-houses n
teach moncaí
An enclosure in which monkeys are kept.

monkfish monkfish monkfishes n
láimhíneach
Any large bottom-dwelling anglerfish of the genus Lophius, such as Lophius piscatorius, of the Atlantic, having a large head and mouth.
anglait bráthair
An angel shark, of the genus Squatina.

mono- /ˈmɑ.now/ /ˈmɑ.nə/ /ˈmɑː.nə/ /ˈmɒn.əʊ̯/ /ˈmɔn.ə/ /ˈmɔn.əw/ prefix
aon-
one, single, only

monobasic adj
aonbhunata

monochord monochords n
monachorda

monochrome /ˈmɑn.əˌkɹoʊm/ /ˈmɒn.əˌkɹəʊm/ adj
monacrómatach
Having only one colour.

monocle /ˈmɑnəkəl/ monocles n
leathspéacla
A single lens, usually in a wire frame, and used to correct vision for only one eye.

monoclinic adj
aonchlaonasach
(crystallography) Having three unequal axes with two perpendicular and one oblique intersections.

monoculture /ˈmɒnoʊˌkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɒnəˌkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ monocultures n
monashaothrú
(agriculture) The cultivation of a single crop at a time.
(anthropology) A culture or society that lacks diversity; a society marked by monoculturalism.

monofunctional adj
aonfheidhmeach
Having a single function

monogamous /məˈnɑɡəməs/ /məˈnɒɡəməs/ adj
aonchéileach monagamach
Being married to one person at a time.
(zoology) Having only one sexual partner at a time.

monogamy /məˈnɑɡəmi/ /məˈnɒɡəmi/ monogamies n
aonchéileachas monagamas
A form of sexual bonding involving a permanent pair bond between two beings.

monoglot more monoglot most monoglot adj
aonteangach

monolingual more monolingual most monolingual adj
aonteangach
Knowing or using a single language; written or spoken in a single language.

monolith /ˈmɑn.əˌlɪθ/ /ˈmɒn.lɪθ/ /ˈmɒn.ə.lɪθ/ monoliths n
allait monailit
(also, attributively) A large, single block of stone which is a natural feature; or a block of stone or other similar material used in architecture and sculpture, especially one carved into a monument in ancient times.
(also, attributively, and, figurative) Anything massive, uniform, and unmovable, especially a towering and impersonal cultural, political, or social organization or structure.

monolithic /ˌmɑ.nəˈlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˌmɒn.əˈlɪθ.ɪk/ more monolithic most monolithic adj
monailiteach
(engineering) Consisting of a single piece of homogeneous material as opposed to a composite material or an assembly of multiple parts.
(figurative) Having a massive, unchanging structure that does not permit individual variation.

monomer /ˈmɑnəmɚ/ /ˈmɒnəmə/ monomers n
monaiméir
(chemistry) A relatively small molecule which can be covalently bonded to other monomers to form a polymer.

monomial adj
aontéarmach

mononucleosis mononucleoses n
fiabhras faireoige monanúiclé-óis
(pathology) A viral infection marked by extreme fatigue, high fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

monophonic adj
aonfhónach monafónach
(of sound reproduction) having a single channel
(music) Having a single melodic line and no harmony.

monophthong /ˈmɑnəfˌθɑŋ/ /ˈmɑnəfˌθɔŋ/ /ˈmɑnəpˌθɑŋ/<a:proscribed> /ˈmɑnəpˌθɔŋ/ /ˈmɒnəfˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˈmɒnəpˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ ; monophthongs n
aonfhoghar
A vowel (in the sense of a sound rather than a letter of the alphabet) that has the same sound throughout its pronunciation, such as the short vowels in "pap", "pep", "pip", "pop" and "pup", as opposed to a diphthong (eg, /aɪ/, the vowel in "pipe") or a triphthong (eg, /aɪə/, the sound in the non-rhotic pronunciation of "pyre").

monosemy /ˈmɒ.nə(ʊ)ˌsiː.mi/ n
aonchiallachas
(semantics) The property of terms of having a single meaning; absence of ambiguity.

monostable adj
aonchobhsaí
(electronics) Having more than one state, only one of which is stable.

monosyllabic /ˌmɑ.noʊ.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)sɪˈlabɪk/ /ˌmɔ.nəʉ.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ adj
aonsiollach
Consisting of one syllable.

monosyllabic /ˌmɑ.noʊ.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)sɪˈlabɪk/ /ˌmɔ.nəʉ.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ monosyllabics n
aonsiollach
a word consisting of one syllable

monosyllable monosyllables n
aonsiollach
A word of one syllable.

monotheism /ˌmɑnoʊ̯ˈθiɪzm̩/ monotheisms n
aondiachas
The belief in a single deity (one god or goddess); especially within an organized religion.

monotheist monotheists n
aondiach
A believer of monotheism, the doctrine that there is a single divine being in the universe.

monotheistic /ˌmɑnəθiˈɪstɪk/ /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)θiːˈɪstɪk/ /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)θɪˈɪstɪk/ adj
aondiach aondiachúil
(religion) Believing in a single god, deity, spirit, etc., especially for an organized religion, faith, or creed.

monothematic adj
aontéamach monaitéamach
(onomastics, of a name) Composed of a single traditional name element

monotonic /ˌmɑnəˈtɑnɪk/ /ˌmɒnəˈtɒnɪk/ adj
aontonach
(mathematics) Of a function: that either never decreases or never increases as its independent variable increases.

monotonous /məˈnɑtənəs/ /məˈnɒtənəs/ more monotonous most monotonous adj
aontonach
Having an unvarying pitch or tone.

monotony /məˈnɑtni/ /məˈnɑtəni/ /məˈnɒtəni/ monotonies n
aontonacht
leadrán liostacht
Tedium as a result of repetition or a lack of variety.

monounsaturated adj
monai-neamhsháithithe
(chemistry, of an organic compound) having a single double or triple bond

monoxide /məˈnɒksʌɪd/ monoxides n
aonocsaíd
(chemistry) any oxide containing a single oxygen atom in each molecule or formula unit

monsoon /mɑnˈsuːn/ /mɒnˈsuːn/ monsoons n
monsún
Tropical rainy season when the rain lasts for several months with few interruptions.

monster /ˈmɑnstɚ/ /ˈmɒnstə(ɹ)/ monsters n
ainbheithíoch alltán anchúinse
ainmhí amhailt arracht
(informal) A terrifying and dangerous creature, especially one of an imaginary or mythical kind.
péist
(informal, childish) A bizarre or whimsical creature.
ainmhí
A cruel, heartless, or antisocial person, especially a criminal.

monstrance /ˈmɑnztɹəns/ /ˈmɒnstɹəns/ monstrances n
oisteansóir
(Christianity) An ornamental, often precious receptacle, either open or with a transparent cover, in which the sacramental bread (consecrated host) is placed for Eucharistic adoration.

monstrosity /mɒnˈstɹɒsɪti/ monstrosities n
anchúinseacht
The state of being monstrous.

monstrous /ˈmɑnstɹəs/ /ˈmɒnstɹəs/ more monstrous most monstrous adj
anchúinseach

montage /mɑnˈtɑʒ/ /mɒnˈtɑːʒ/ /ˈmɑn.tɑʒ/ /ˈmɒn.tɑːʒ/ montages n
montáis montáiste
(countable) A composite work, particularly an artwork, created by assembling or putting together other elements such as pieces of music, pictures, texts, videos, etc. [from early 20th c.]

month /mʌnθ/ month months n
mí
A period into which a year is divided, historically based on the phases of the moon.

moo /mu/ /muː/ moos n
géim
(onomatopoeia) The characteristic lowing sound made by cattle.

moo /mu/ /muː/ v
géim
(intransitive) Of a cow or bull, to make its characteristic lowing sound.

mood /muːd/ /mʉd/ moods n
tiúin
A mental or emotional state, composure.

moon /mun/ /muːn/ moons n
gealach éasca
(informal, by extension of Moon) Any natural satellite of a planet.

moonlight /ˈmunˌlaɪt/ moonlights n
solas na gealaí
(sometimes, attributive) The light reflected from the Moon.

moonlight /ˈmunˌlaɪt/ v
obair faoi choim a dhéanamh
To work on the side (at a secondary job), often in the evening or during the night.

moonlighting moonlightings n
obair faoi choim
The act of, or a period of, working on the side (at a secondary job), often in the evening or during the night.

moonquake moonquakes n
crith gealaí
A seismic event occurring on the moon; the lunar equivalent of an earthquake.

moonrise moonrises n
éirí na gealaí
The time of day or night when the moon begins to rise over the horizon.

moonshine /ˈmuːnʃaɪn/ moonshines n
fuisce baile poitín stuif glas
(math, uncountable) A branch of pure mathematics relating the Monster group to an invariant of elliptic functions.

moor /moː/ /muːɹ/ /mɔɹ/ /mɔː/ /mʉːɹ/ /mʊ(ə)ɹ/ /mʊə/ [möː(ə̯)~mʊ̈ː(ə̯)] moors n
caorán móinteán
An extensive waste covered with patches of heath, and having a poor, light soil, but sometimes marshy, and abounding in peat; a heath

moor /moː/ /muːɹ/ /mɔɹ/ /mɔː/ /mʉːɹ/ /mʊ(ə)ɹ/ /mʊə/ [möː(ə̯)~mʊ̈ː(ə̯)] v
daingnigh feistigh fosaigh múráil suigh
(transitive, nautical) To fix or secure (e.g. a vessel) in a particular place by casting anchor, or by fastening with ropes, cables or chains or the like.
daingnigh feistigh fosaigh suigh
(transitive) To secure or fix firmly.

moorhen /ˈmuɹ.hɛn/ moorhens n
cearc uisce
Any of various medium-sized water birds of the genus Gallinula, of the rail family, that feed in open water margins.

moose /muːs/ /mʉs/ meese moose mooses n
mús
The largest member of the deer family (Alces americanus, sometimes included in Alces alces), of which the male has very large, palmate antlers.

mop /mɑp/ /mɒp/ mops n
mapa strailleán
An implement for washing floors or similar, made of a piece of cloth, or a collection of thrums, or coarse yarn, fastened to a handle.
stoth straille
(humorous) A dense head of hair.

moped /ˈmoʊ.pɛd/ /ˈməʊ.pɛd/ mopeds n
móipéid
A lightweight, two-wheeled vehicle equipped with a small motor and pedals, designed to go no faster than some specified speed limit.

moraine /mɒˈɹeɪn/ /məˈɹeɪn/ moraines n
moiréan
(geology) An accumulation of rocks and debris carried and deposited by a glacier.

moral /ˈmoɹəl/ /ˈmɑɹəl/ /ˈmɒɹəl/ morals n
múineadh teagasc
(of a narrative) The ethical significance or practical lesson.

morale /məˈɹæl/ /məˈɹɑːl/ morales n
meanma misneach sprid
The capacity of people to maintain belief in an institution or a goal, or even in oneself and others.

morality /məˈɹælɪti/ moralities n
moráltacht
(uncountable) Recognition of the distinction between good and evil or between right and wrong; respect for and obedience to the rules of right conduct; the mental disposition or characteristic of behaving in a manner intended to produce morally good results.

morass /məˈɹæs/ morasses n
bar seascann
A tract of soft, wet ground; a marsh; a fen.

morbid /ˈmɔɹ.bɪd/ /ˈmɔː.bɪd/ more morbid most morbid adj
galrach
(originally) Of, or relating to disease. [from 1650s]

more /mo(ː)ɹ/ /moə/ /moʊ/ /mɔɹ/ /mɔː/ adv
tuilleadh níos mó
Used to form the comparative form of adjectives and adverbs. [from 13thc.]

more's the pity phraseologicalUnit
móide an trua
(idiom) It is a pity; it is unfortunate.

morel /məˈɹɛl/ morels n
morchal
A true morel; any of several fungi in the genus Morchella, the upper part of which is covered with a reticulated and pitted hymenium.
morchal coiteann
Any of several edible mushrooms, especially the common morel or yellow morel.

morello morelloes morellos n
searbhshilín
A variety of cultivated cherry, Prunus cerasus 'austera', having a dark skin

morepork /ˈmoːpoːk/ /ˈmɔɹˌpɔ(ə)ɹk/ /ˈmɔːpɔːk/ moreporks n
búbúc Norfolk
(chiefly, New Zealand) The Tasmanian spotted owl (Ninox novaeseelandiae), a small brown owl indigenous to New Zealand and Tasmania. [from 19th c.]

morgue /moɹɡ/ /mɔː(ɹ)ɡ/ /mɔːɡ/ [mo̞ɹɡ] morgues n
marbhlann
A building or room where dead bodies are kept before their proper burial or cremation, (now) particularly in legal and law enforcement contexts.

moribund /ˈmɔːɹɪbʌnd/ adj
díbheo
Approaching death; about to die; dying; expiring.

moribundity moribundities n
díbheocht
the state or condition of being moribund

morning /mɔːnɪŋ/ /mɔːɹnɪŋ/ /ˈmɔɹnɪŋ/ /ˈmɔːnɪŋ/ mornings n
maidin
The early part of the day, especially from midnight to noon. [from 13th c.]
(obsolete) That part of the day from dawn until the main meal (typically in late afternoon). [18th–19th c.]

morning sickness n
adhascaid
(medicine) Early morning nausea and vomiting as a symptom of pregnancy.

morning star pn
réalta na maidine
(astronomy) The planet Venus as observed in the eastern sky around dawn.

morose /mɔɹˈoʊs/ /məˈɹoʊs/ /məˈɹəʊs/ more morose moroser morosest most morose adj
púiceach
Sullen, gloomy; showing a brooding ill humour.

morphogenesis morphogeneses n
morfaigineas
(biology) The differentiation of tissues and subsequent growth of structures in an organism

morphology /moːˈfɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /mɔɹˈfɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /mɔːˈfɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ morphologies n
moirfeolaíocht
(biology) The study of the form and structure of animals and plants.
(linguistics) The study of the internal structure of morphemes (words and their semantic building blocks).
(uncountable) A scientific study of form and structure, usually without regard to function. Especially:

morphometric adj
morfaiméadrach

morphosyntax morphosyntaxes n
morfa-chomhréir

mortal /ˈmɔɹtəl/ /ˈmɔːtəl/ more mortal most mortal adj
básmhar so-mharaithe
Susceptible to death by aging, sickness, injury, or wound; not immortal. [from 14th c.]

mortal sin mortal sins n
peaca marfach
(Roman Catholicism, theology) A sin which causes the loss of God's grace, leading to eternal damnation, unless the sinner repents, which includes their intent to confess and atone; such a sin is defined as a grave transgression against one of the Ten Commandments with the full knowledge and deliberate consent of the sinner.

mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/ mortalities n
básmhaireacht
The state of being susceptible to death.

mortar /ˈmɔːtə(ɹ)/ mortars n
moirtéal
(uncountable) A mixture of lime or cement, sand and water used for bonding building blocks.
moirtéar
(countable) A hollow vessel used to pound, crush, rub, grind or mix ingredients with a pestle.

mortgage /ˈmɔɹ.ɡɘd͡ʒ/ /ˈmɔɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈmɔː.ɡɪd͡ʒ/ mortgages n
morgáiste
(legal) A special form of secured loan where the purpose of the loan must be specified to the lender, to purchase assets that must be fixed (not movable) property, such as a house or piece of farm land. The assets are registered as the legal property of the borrower but the lender can seize them and dispose of them if they are not satisfied with the manner in which the repayment of the loan is conducted by the borrower. Once the loan is fully repaid, the lender loses this right of seizure and the assets are then deemed to be unencumbered.

mosaic /moʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/ /moʊˈzeɪk/ /məʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/ /məʊˈzeɪk/ mosaics n
mósáic
A piece of artwork created by placing colored squares (usually tiles) in a pattern so as to create a picture.

moschatel /ˌmɒskəˈtɛl/ moschatels n
moscadal
Adoxa moschatellina, a plant of the genus Adoxa, with pale green flowers and a musky smell.

mosh pit mosh pits n
log maiseála
The spontaneous dance floor created in front of a stage when people mosh.

mosque /mɑsk/ /mɒsk/ mosques n
mosc
(Islam) A place of worship for Muslims, often having at least one minaret; a masjid.

mosquito /mɒˈskiː.təʊ/ /məˈski.toʊ/ /məˈskiːto/ [məˈskiːɾ̥o] [məˈskɪto] mosquitoes mosquitos n
muiscít
A small flying insect of the family Culicidae, the females of which bite humans and animals and suck blood, leaving an itching bump on the skin, and sometimes carrying diseases like malaria, dengue and yellow fever.

moss /mɑs/ /mɒs/ /mɔs/ mosses n
caonach
Any of various small, green, seedless plants growing on the ground or on the surfaces of trees, stones, etc.; now specifically, a plant of the phylum Bryophyta (formerly division Musci).

mossy /ˈmɑːsi/ /ˈmɒsi/ mossier mossiest adj
móinteach móintiúil
Covered in or overgrown with moss.

mostly /ˈmoʊstli/ /ˈməʊstli/ adv
d'fhormhór go formhór
Mainly or chiefly; for the most part; usually, generally, on the whole.

mote /moʊt/ /məʊt/ motes n
cáithnín
A small particle; a speck.

motel /moʊˈtɛl/ motels n
óstán óstán cois bóthair
(also, _, attributive) A type of hotel or lodging establishment, often located near a major highway, which typically features a series of rooms the entrances of which are immediately adjacent to a parking lot to facilitate convenient access to automobiles parked there.

moth /mɑθ/ /mɒθ/ /mɔθ/ moths n
leamhan
A usually nocturnal insect of the order Lepidoptera, distinguished from butterflies by feather-like antennae.

mother /ˈmɐðə/ /ˈmʊðə/ /ˈmʊðəɹ/ /ˈmʌðə/ /ˈmʌðəɹ/ /ˈmʌðɚ/ mothers n
máthair
A female parent, sometimes especially a human; a female who parents a child (which she has given birth to, adopted, or fostered).
Something that is the greatest or most significant of its kind. (See mother of all.)

mother /ˈmɐðə/ /ˈmʊðə/ /ˈmʊðəɹ/ /ˈmʌðə/ /ˈmʌðəɹ/ /ˈmʌðɚ/ v
máithrigh
(transitive) To treat as a mother would be expected to treat her child; to nurture.

mother hen mother hens n
cearc ghoir
(idiomatic) An outspoken and overprotective woman or person dealing with others' affairs; especially, an assertive matriarch.

mother superior mother superiors mothers superior n
máthairab
A nun in charge of a priory or convent; either a prioress or an abbess.

mother tongue /ˈmʌð.ə ˌtʌŋ/ /ˈmʌð.ɚ ˌtʌŋ/ mother tongues n
máthairtheanga teanga dhúchais
The language one first learned; the language one grew up with; one's native language.

mother-in-law /ˈmʌ.ðəɹ.ɪnˌlɑː/ /ˈmʌ.ðəɹ.ɪnˌlɔː/ mother-in-laws mothers-in-law n
máthair chéile
The mother of one's spouse.

mother-of-pearl /ˌmʌðəɹ əv ˈpɜː(ɹ)l/ mother-of-pearls n
néamhann
The hard pearly inner layer of certain mollusk shells; nacre.

motherboard /ˈmʌðɚˌbɔɹd/ motherboards n
máthairchlár
(computer hardware) The primary circuit board of a personal computer, containing the circuitry for the central processing unit, keyboard, mouse and monitor, together with slots for other devices.

motherfucker /ˈmʌðəˌfʌkə/ /ˈmʌðɚˌfʌkɚ/ motherfuckers n
mac soith mac soithe
(vulgar) An extremely intense experience, often but not always negative.
(vulgar, literally) One who engages in incest with their mother.
(vulgar, literally) One who engages in sex with a mother, not necessarily one's own.

motherland /ˈmʌð.ə.lænd/ /ˈmʌðɚˌlænd/ motherlands n
tír dhúchais
The country of one's ancestors.
The country of one's birth.

motion /ˈmoʊ.ʃən/ /ˈməʊ.ʃən/ motions n
gluaisne
(philosophy) from κίνησις (kinesis); any change. Traditionally of four types: generation and corruption, alteration, augmentation and diminution, and change of place.

motion detector motion detectors n
brathadóir gluaiseachta
A device used in security systems that can alert the user of the presence of a moving object.

motion sickness n
tinneas gluaisne
A feeling of nausea or dizziness caused by a disagreement between visually perceived movement and the vestibular system's sense of movement; typically resulting from travel in a vehicle such as a ship or car.

motivation motivations n
inspreagadh spreagadh
Willingness of action especially in behavior.
siocair
An incentive or reason for doing something.

motive /ˈmoʊtɪv/ /ˈməʊtɪv/ motives n
réasún
(law) Something which causes someone to want to commit a crime; a reason for criminal behaviour. [from 18th c.]

motor /ˈmoʊtəɹ/ /ˈməʊtə/ [ˈmoʊɾɚ] adj
luaileach
(biology) Relating to the ability to move.

motor /ˈmoʊtəɹ/ /ˈməʊtə/ [ˈmoʊɾɚ] motors n
mótar
A machine or device that converts other energy forms into mechanical energy, or imparts motion.

motor home motor homes n
veain champála
A type of recreational vehicle, a self-propelled structure built on a truck or bus chassis containing living accommodations.

motor oil motor oils n
ola innill
Oil for lubricating an internal-combustion engine.

motor unit motor units n
aonad mótair
(neurology) A neuron with its associated muscle fibres.

motor vehicle motor vehicles n
feithicil mhótair
Any land-based means of transportation in the form of a machine that operates primarily through a motor to provide power to rotate the tires.

motorcycle /ˈmoʊtɚˌsaɪkəl/ /ˈməʊtəˌsaɪkəl/ [ˈmoʊɾɚˌsaɪkl̩] motorcycles n
gluaisrothar
An open-seated motor vehicle with handlebars instead of a steering wheel, and having two (or sometimes three) wheels.

motorway /ˈməʊtəweɪ/ motorways n
mótarbhealach
(UK, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia) A highway with grade-separated crossings (rather than level crossings) and designed (and only permitted) for high-speed motor-traffic (in Europe motor vehicles with a higher speed limit than 40 km/h) running in two directions on one separate carriageway each.

mottled /ˈmɑt əld/ more mottled most mottled adj
ballach
Colored in patches; spotted.

motto /ˈmɑ.toʊ/ /ˈmɒ.təʊ/ mottoes mottos n
mana
(heraldry) A sentence, phrase, or word, forming part of an heraldic achievement.

mouflon /ˈmuːf.lɑːn/ /ˈmuːf.lɒn/ mouflons n
caora mouflon
A species of wild sheep, Ovis orientalis musimon, syn. Ovis aries musimon, endemic to Sardinia and Corsica. [from c. 1770]

mouldboard mouldboards n
clár céachta clár sceithe
A curved blade on a plough that serves to turn over the furrow.

mound /maʊnd/ mounds n
mullóg tulach
An artificial hill or elevation of earth; a raised bank; an embankment thrown up for defense

mountain /ˈmaʊn.tən/ /ˈmaʊn.tɪn/ [ˈmaʊn.tn̩] [ˈmãʊ̯̃(n)ʔn̩] [ˈmæ̃ʊ̯̃(n)ʔn̩] mountains n
sliabh
(countable) An elevation of land of considerable dimensions rising more or less abruptly, forming a conspicuous figure in the landscape, usually having a small extent of surface at its summit. [from 12th c.]

mountain bike mountain bikes n
rothar sléibhe
(cycling) A bicycle specially designed for off-road riding, typically with straight, flat handlebars, a heavier frame than road bikes, higher ground clearance, and wider tires, sometimes with knobs on them for greater traction.

mountainous /ˈmaʊn.tən.əs/ /ˈmaʊn.tɪn.əs/ [-ʔn̩-] [ˈmæʊn.tn̩.əs] [ˈmæ̃ʊ̃(n)-] more mountainous most mountainous adj
sléibhteach sléibhtiúil
Having many mountains; characterized by mountains; of the nature of a mountain; rough (terrain); rocky.

mountainside mountainsides n
mala shléibhe
The sloping side of a mountain.

mourn /mo(ː)ɹn/ /moən/ /mɔɹn/ /mɔːn/ /mʊən/ /mʊɹn/ v
caoin
(ambitransitive) To express sadness or sorrow for; to grieve over (especially a death).

mouse /maʊs/ /maʊz/ /mʌʊs/ /mʌʊz/ mice mouses n
luch luchóg
Any small rodent of the genus Mus.
(computing) (plural mice or, rarely, mouses) An input device that is moved over a pad or other flat surface to produce a corresponding movement of a pointer on a graphical display.

mouse-ear /ˈmaʊsɪə/ mouse-ears n
searbh na muc
A type of small hawkweed native to Eurasia (Pilosella officinarum), commonly found on dry grasslands. [from 14th c.]

mousehole mouseholes n
ábhach luiche
A hole through which a mouse enters a room.

moustache /məˈstaːʃ/ /məˈstæʃ/ /məˈstɐːʃ/ /məˈstɑːʃ/ /məˈstɒʃ/ /ˈmʌstæʃ/ moustaches n
croiméal
A growth of facial hair between the nose and the upper lip.

moustached /məˈstɑːʃt/ /ˈmʌstæʃt/ adj
croiméalach
Having a moustache.

mouth /maʊð/ /maʊθ/ /mʌʊθ/ [məʊθ] mouths n
béal béala
(anatomy) The opening of a creature through which food is ingested.
béal
The end of a river out of which water flows into a sea or other large body of water.
An outlet, aperture or orifice.

mouthful mouthfuls mouthsful n
bolgam lán béil
The amount that will fit in a mouth.

mouthpiece /ˈmaʊθˌpiːs/ mouthpieces n
béal
The part of a telephone that is held close to the mouth.
béalóg
The part of a wind instrument that is held in or against the mouth.

mouthwash mouthwashes n
folcadh béil
A liquid used to clean one's mouth.

movable more movable most movable adj
aistritheach
Capable of being moved, lifted, carried, drawn, turned, or conveyed, or in any way made to change place or posture; not fixed or stationary

move /muːv/ v
bog
(transitive, ergative) To cause to change place or posture in any manner; to set in motion; to carry, convey, draw, or push from one place to another

mover movers n
breabhsaire
Someone who or something that moves.

movie /ˈmuːvi/ movies n
scannán
(chiefly, North America, AU) A recorded sequence of images displayed on a screen at a rate sufficiently fast to create the appearance of motion; a film.

movie star movie stars n
réalta scannán scoth-aisteoir
A leading actor in a movie, especially one perceived as a celebrity.

moving /ˈmuːvɪŋ/ more moving most moving adj
imeachtach
(not comparable) That moves or move.
coscrach
Causing or evoking deep emotions.

mow /moʊ/ /məʊ/ v
bain
(transitive) To cut down grass or crops.

mower /ˈmoʊ.ɚ/ /ˈməʊ.ə(ɹ)/ mowers n
buainteoir spealadóir
A person who cuts grass.

much /mʊt͡ʃ/ /mʌt͡ʃ/ more most determiner
a lán mórán
A large amount of. [from 13th c.]

much ado about nothing /mʌtʃ əˈduː əˈbaʊt ˈnʌθɪŋ/ phraseologicalUnit
duifean mór ar bheagán fearthainne glór mór ar bheagán cúise mórán cainte ar bheagán cúise
(idiomatic) A lot of fuss or bother about something trivial.

mucous /ˈmjuːkəs/ more mucous most mucous adj
ronnach
Pertaining to mucus
Having the qualities of mucus

mucous membrane mucous membranes n
scannán ronnach
(anatomy) A membrane which secretes mucus. It forms the lining of various body passages that communicate with the air, such as the respiratory, genitourinary, and alimentary tracts including the mouth, nasal passages, vagina, and urethra.

mud /mʌd/ muds n
láib lathach
A mixture of water and soil or fine grained sediment.

mud /mʌd/ v
draoibeáil
(transitive) To make muddy or dirty; to apply mud to (something).

muddiness muddinesses n
moirtiúlacht
The characteristic of being muddy.

muddy /ˈmʌdi/ muddier muddiest adj
abarach draoibeach lábach
Covered or splashed with, or full of, mud.
ceachrach dorcha modartha moirtiúil murtallach tiubh
Of water or some other liquid: containing mud or (by extension) other sediment in suspension; cloudy, turbid.

mudflat mudflats n
réileán láibe
A muddy expanse of flat land, especially such land as a riverbed exposed at low tide.

mudslide mudslides n
sciorradh láibe sleamhnú láibe
A geological event in which viscous mud flows down an incline.

mudstone mudstones n
láibchloch
(petrology) A fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. [from 18th c.]

muesli /ˈmjuːsli/ /ˈmjuːzli/ mueslis n
múslaí
A breakfast dish based on uncooked rolled oats and fruit.

muffle /mʌfl̩/ v
cumhdaigh
(transitive) To wrap (a person, face etc.) in fabric or another covering, for warmth or protection; often with up.
plúch
(transitive, dated) To prevent seeing, or hearing, or speaking, by wraps bound about the head; to blindfold; to deafen.

muffle furnace muffle furnaces n
mufalfhoirnéis

muffler /ˈmʌflɚ/ mufflers n
ciúnadóir
(US, automotive) A part of the exhaust pipe of a car that dampens the noise the engine produces.

mug /mʌɡ/ mugs n
muga
A large cup for beverages, usually having a handle and used without a saucer.A mug

mugwort /ˈmʌɡwɜːt/ /ˈmʌɡwɝt/ mugworts n
liathlus
Artemisia vulgaris, traditionally used medicinally.

mulberry /ˈmʌlbəɹi/ /ˈmʌlbɛɹi/ /ˈmʌlbɹi/ mulberries n
maoildearg crann maoildeirge
(countable) The fruit of this tree.

mulch /mʌlt͡ʃ/ mulches n
móta
(agriculture, horticulture) Any material used to cover the top layer of soil to protect, insulate, or decorate it, or to discourage weeds or retain moisture.

mule /mjuːl/ /mjʉl/ mules n
miúil
The generally sterile male or female hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse.
Any shoe with an upper covering the front of the foot but without a back flap or strap, leaving the heel exposed.
iompróir drugaí
(slang) A person paid to smuggle drugs.

mullein /ˈmʌlɪn/ mulleins n
coinnle Muire coinnle an phúca coinnle bána
Any of a few hundred species of European and Asian plants, of the genus Verbascum, especially that majority that have yellow flowers. Some species have been introduced to other continents, where some are now seen as invasive pests. Some species, though far from all, have downy leaves, hence common names such as: "velvet plant". [from 14th c.]

mullet /ˈmʌlət/ /ˈmʌlɪt/ mullet mullets n
lannach
A fish of the family Mullidae (order Syngnathiformes), especially the genus Mullus (red mullets or goatfish).

multi- /ˈmʌl.taɪ/ /ˈmʌl.ti/ prefix
il-
Many; pertaining to many things.

multi-storey adj
ilstórach
(of a building) Having more than one storey.

multicolored /ˈmʌltɪˌkʌləd/ /ˈmʌltɪˌkʌlɚd/ more multicolored most multicolored adj
dathannach ildathach
(American spelling) Having multiple colors.

multicultural /ˌmʌltiˈkʌlt͡ʃəɹəl/ more multicultural most multicultural adj
ilchultúrtha
Relating or pertaining to several different cultures.

multiculturalism /ˌmʌltɪˈkʌltʃəɹəˌlɪz(ə)m/ multiculturalisms n
ilchultúrachas ilchultúrthacht
The characteristics of an organization, society, city etc. which has many different ethnic or national cultures mingling freely; political or social policies which support or encourage such coexistence. [from 20th c.]

multidenominational more multidenominational most multidenominational adj
ilchreidmheach
having multiple denominations

multiethnic more multiethnic most multiethnic adj
il-eitneach
Of, pertaining to, or consisting of several ethnic groups.

multifaceted more multifaceted most multifaceted adj
ilghnéitheach
Having many aspects; nuanced or diverse.

multifarious /ˌmʌl.tɪˈfɛə.ɹi.əs/ /ˌmʌl.tɪˈfɛɚ.i.əs/ more multifarious most multifarious adj
ilchineálach ilghnéitheach
Having great diversity or variety; of various kinds; made up of many differing parts.

multiform /ˈmuʌltiˌfɔɹm/ more multiform most multiform adj
ilchruthach

multilayered more multilayered most multilayered adj
[[il-]]leibhéil
Having more than one layer.

multilevel /ˌmal.tiˈlev.əl/ /ˌmʌl.taɪˈlɛv.əl/ /ˌmʌl.tiˈlɛv.əl/ adj
[[il-]]leibhéil
Having several levels or floors.

multiple /ˈml̩tɪpl̩/ /ˈmʌltɪpl̩/ multiples n
méadaí
(mathematics) A whole number that can be divided by another number with no remainder.

multiple star multiple stars n
ilréalta
(star) Multiple stars which form a stellar system, such that they orbit the point of equilibrium of their gravitational fields; a multiple star system.

multiplication table multiplication tables n
tábla méadaithe
(arithmetic) A table showing the products of each of the integers from 1 to 10 (or, especially formerly, 12) with each of the integers from 1 to 10 (or 12).

multitude /ˈmʌltəˌt(j)ud/ /ˈmʌltɪtjuːd/ [-t͡ʃ-] multitudes n
mórshlua
A great amount or number, often of people; abundance, myriad, profusion.
The mass of ordinary people; the masses, the populace.

multiverse /ˈmʌltiːˌvɜ(ɹ)s/ /ˈmʌltəˌvɝs/ /ˈmʌltɪˌvɜːs/ multiverses n
ilchruinne
(physics, cosmology) The hypothetical group of all the possible universes in existence.

mum /mʌm/ mums n
maime mam
(UK, Ireland, Canada, New England, South Africa, India, Singapore) Mother.

mummify v
mumaigh
(intransitive) To become a mummy.

mummy /ˈmʌmi/ mummies n
maime mamaí
(chiefly, UK, New England, usually, childish) mother.
mumaí seargán
(countable, by extension) A reanimated embalmed human corpse, as a stock character in horror films. [from 20th c.]

mundane /mʌnˈdeɪn/ mundaner mundanest adj
domhanda
Worldly, earthly, profane, vulgar as opposed to heavenly.

municipal /mjuˈnɪsɪpəl/ more municipal most municipal adj
bardasach
Of or pertaining to a municipality (a city or a corporation having the right of administering local government).

municipality /mjʊˌnɪsɪˈpælɪti/ municipalities n
baile bardais bardasacht cathair bhardais
A district with a government that typically encloses no other governed districts; a borough, city, or incorporated town or village.
bardas
The governing body of such a district.

munificence /mjuːˈnɪfɪsəns/ munificences n
flaithiúlacht mórmhaitheas
The quality of being munificent; generosity.

muntjac /ˈmʌntd͡ʒæk/ /ˈmʌntd͡ʒɑːk/ muntjacs n
muinseac
Any of various species of east Asian deer of the genus Muntiacus, having short antlers and a barking call.

murder /ˈmɜːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɝ.dɚ/ murders n
dúnmharú
(uncountable, legal, in jurisdictions which use the felony murder rule) The act of committing or abetting a crime that results in the killing of a person, regardless of intent, and even if the committer or abettor is not the one who killed the person: felony murder.

murder /ˈmɜːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɝ.dɚ/ v
dúnmharaigh
To illegally kill (a person or persons) with intent, especially with predetermination

murky /ˈmɜː(ɹ)ki/ murkier murkiest adj
modartha
Hard to see through, as a fog or mist.

murmuring murmurings n
cnáimhseáil
A complaint against something.

muscat /ˈmʌskæt/ /ˈmʌskət/ muscats n
musc-chaor
A white grape variety; used as table grapes and for making raisins and sweet wine.

muscle /ˈmʌ.sl̩/ /ˈmʌ.səl/ muscles n
matán
(uncountable) A contractile form of tissue which animals use to effect movement.

muscle fiber muscle fibers n
snáithín matáin
(muscle) A single cell of a muscle; each muscle fiber contains many myofibrils, the contractile unit of muscles.

muscle tone n
teannas matán
(physiology) The continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles, which helps maintain posture.

muscular /ˈmʌ.skjəl.ɚ/ /ˈmʌ.skjʊl.ə/ more muscular most muscular adj
matánach muscalach
(relational) Of, relating to, or connected with muscles.
matánach urrúnta
Brawny, thewy, having strength.
matánach
Having large, well-developed muscles.
(figurative) Robust, strong.

muscular dystrophy muscular dystrophies n
diostróife mhatánach
(pathology) A group of genetic diseases which cause progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and tissue.

museology museologies n
músaemeolaíocht
The design, organization, and management of museums.

museum /mjuˈziəm/ /mjuˈzæm/ /mjuːˈziːəm/ /mjəˈziːəm/ [mjuˈzɛəm] musea museums n
músaem iarsmalann
A building or institution dedicated to the acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects having scientific, historical, cultural or artistic value.

mushroom /ˈmʌʃˌɹuːm/ /ˈmʌʃˌɹʊm/ adj
muisiriúnach
Having characteristics like those of a mushroom, for example in shape or appearance, speed of growth, or texture.

mushroom /ˈmʌʃˌɹuːm/ /ˈmʌʃˌɹʊm/ mushrooms n
beacán muisiriún
A fungus producing such fruiting bodies.

mushroom /ˈmʌʃˌɹuːm/ /ˈmʌʃˌɹʊm/ v
bheith ag baint beacán bheith ag baint muisiriún
(intransitive) To gather mushrooms.

music /ˈmjuzɪk/ /ˈmjuːzɪk/ musics n
ceol
A series of sounds organized in time, usually employing some combination of harmony, melody, rhythm, tempo, etc., often to convey a mood.
(figuratively) Any interesting or pleasing sounds.

music box music boxes n
ceolbhosca
A box that generates or plays music, particularly one using mechanical means rather than electronic, generally using a cylinder or disk containing the music.

music school /ˈmjuːzɪkˌskuːl/ music schools n
ceolscoil scoil cheoil
A school whose main objective is teaching music.

music stand music stands n
seastán ceoil
A stand made for holding pages or books of sheet music.

music theory n
teoiric an cheoil
The field of study dealing with how music works, typically examining the language and notation of music, the patterns and structures in composers' techniques, and so on.

music video music videos n
físeán ceoil
A short film integrating a song and imagery, produced for promotional or artistic purposes.

musical /ˈmju.zɪ.kəl/ more musical most musical adj
ceolmhar
Of, belonging or relating to music, or to its performance or notation.

musical /ˈmju.zɪ.kəl/ musicals n
ceoldráma
A stage performance, show or film that involves singing, dancing and musical numbers performed by the cast as well as acting.

musical instrument musical instruments n
gléas ceoil adhbh cheoil ionstraim (cheoil) uirlis cheoil
A device, object, contrivance or machine used to produce musical notes or sounds.

musician /mjuˈzɪʃən/ musicians n
ceoltóir
A composer, conductor, or performer of music; specifically, a person who sings and/or plays a musical instrument as a hobby, occupation, or profession.

musk /mʌsk/ musks n
musc
A greasy secretion with a powerful odour, produced in a glandular sac of the male musk deer and used in the manufacture of perfumes.

musk deer musk deer n
muscfhia
Any member of the genus Moschus.

muskrat /ˈmʌskɹæt/ muskrats n
muscfhrancach
A large aquatic rodent (Ondatra zibethicus).

muslin /ˈmʌz.lɪn/ muslins n
muislín
(textile) Any of several varieties of thin cotton cloth.

mussel /ˈmʌsəl/ mussels n
diúilicín
Any of several groups of bivalve shellfish with elongated, asymmetrical shells.

must /məs(t)/ /ˈmʌst/ v
bí ar caithfidh is éigean ní foláir
(modal, _, auxiliary, defective) To do as a requirement; indicates that the sentence subject is required as an imperative or directive to execute the sentence predicate, with failure to do so resulting in a failure or negative consequence.

mustard /ˈmʌstəɹd/ [ˈmas.təd] [ˈmɐs.təd] [ˈmʊs.təd] [ˈmʌs.tɚd] mustards n
mustard
The leaves of the mustard plant, used as a salad.
The tomalley of a crab, which resembles the condiment.

mustard gas mustard gases n
gás mustaird
A highly cytotoxic vesicant, C4H8Cl2S, used in World War I that is known to cause skin burns, blisters, inflammation, edema, and potentially other respiratory effects.

muster /ˈmʌs.tə/ /ˈmʌs.tɚ/ musters n
mustar
(military) An assembling or review of troops, as for parade, verification of numbers, inspection, exercise, or introduction into service. [from 15th c.]
An assemblage or display; a gathering, collection of people or things. [from 14th c.]

muster roll muster rolls n
rolla mustair
An official list of the officers and men in a military (or naval) unit

musty /ˈmʌstɪ/ mustier mustiest adj
múisiúnta
Having an odour or taste of mould; also (generally) , having a stale or unfresh odour or taste.

mutation /mjuˈteɪʃən/ mutations n
athrú
(linguistics) An alteration in a particular sound of a word, especially the initial consonant, which is triggered by the word's morphological or syntactic context and not by its phonological context.

mute /mjuːt/ /mɪu̯t/ muter mutest adj
balbh
Not having the power of speech; dumb. [from 15th c.]

mute /mjuːt/ /mɪu̯t/ mutes n
balbhán
(obsolete, theatre) An actor who does not speak; a mime performer. [16th–19th c.]
A person who does not have the power of speech. [from 17th c.]

mute swan mute swans n
eala bhalbh
A species of white plumaged swan, Cygnus olor, having a distinctive orange bill with a black tip, native to Eurasia and widely introduced elsewhere as an ornamental waterbird.

muteness mutenesses n
bailbhe balbhántaíocht
The characteristic of being mute.

mutilate /ˈmjuː.tɪ.lət/ /ˈmjuː.tɪ.lɪt/ /ˈmjuː.tɪˌleɪt/ v
loit
To destroy beyond recognition.

mutton /ˈmʌtn̩/ [ˈmʌʔn̩] muttons n
caoireoil
The meat of sheep used as food.

mutual /ˈmjuːt͡ʃuəl/ more mutual most mutual adj
frithpháirteach
(Relating to a company, insurance or financial institution) Owned by the members.

mutual masturbation mutual masturbations n
comhghlacaireacht
A sexual activity in which two or more persons simultaneously masturbate themselves, usually while observing or otherwise communicating with one another.
A sexual activity in which two or more persons simultaneously masturbate one another.

mutuality mutualities n
cómhalartacht frithpháirteachas
The property of being mutual.

muzzle /ˈmʌzəl/ muzzles n
béalóg mantóg musal
A device used to prevent an animal from biting or eating, which is worn on its snout.
béal
(firearms) The mouth or the end for entrance or discharge of a gun, pistol etc., that the bullet emerges from.
(chiefly, Scotland) A piece of the forward end of the plow-beam by which the traces are attached.

muzzleloading adj
béal-lódáilte
Of a gun, having ammunition loaded from the front of the barrel where it will exit.

my /maɪ/ /mi/ /mə/ /mɪ/ determiner
m' mo
Belonging to me.

my name is phraseologicalUnit
is mise
A common way to identify oneself.

myalgia myalgias n
miailge
(medicine, pathology) Muscular pain or tenderness.

mycelium /maɪˈsi.li.əm/ mycelia n
mícéiliam
The vegetative part of any fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, threadlike hyphae, often underground.

mycology /maɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /maɪˈkɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ n
míceolaíocht
The study of fungi, in the wide sense.

mydriasis /maɪ-/ /mɪˈdɹaɪ ə sɪs/ mydriases n
leathadh imrisc

myelin /ˈmaɪəlɪn/ myelins n
miailin
(neuroanatomy) A white, fatty material, composed of lipids and lipoproteins, that surrounds the axons of nerves.

myelin sheath myelin sheaths n
truaill mhiailineach
(neuroanatomy) An envelope of myelin that surrounds nerve fibres.

myeloma myelomas myelomata n
mialóma
(pathology, oncology) A malignant tumour arising from cells of the bone marrow, specifically plasma cells.

myna /ˈmaɪnə/ mynas n
míona
One of the South and East Asian birds of the starling family Sturnidae.

myopathy myopathies n
miópaite
(medicine) Any of several diseases of muscle that are not caused by nerve disorders

myopic /maɪˈoʊpɪk/ /maɪˈɑpɪk/ /maɪˈɒpɪk/ more myopic most myopic adj
gearr-radharcach
Near-sighted; unable to see distant objects unaided.

myosin /ˈmaɪ.oʊsɪn/ myosins n
mióisin
(biochemistry) Any of a large family of motor proteins found in eukaryotic tissues, allowing mobility in muscles.

myositis myositides n
mióisíteas
Inflammation of the muscles.

myrrh /mɜɹ/ [mɜː(ɹ)] [mɝ] myrrhs n
miorr
A red-brown resinous material, the dried sap of a tree of the species Commiphora myrrha, used as perfume, incense or medicine.

myrtle /ˈmɜːtl̩/ /ˈmɝtl̩/ [ˈmɝtɫ̩] [ˈmɝɾɫ̩] myrtles n
miortal
An evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Myrtus, native to southern Europe and north Africa.

myself /maɪˈsɛlf/ pronoun
mé féin
(reflexive pronoun) Me, as direct or indirect object the speaker as the object of a verb or preposition, when the speaker is also the subject. [from 9th c.]
Personally, for my part; used in apposition to I, sometimes for simple emphasis and sometimes with implicit exclusion of any others performing the activity described. [from 10th c.]
Me (as the object of a verb or preposition). [from 10th c.]

mysterious /məˈstɪɹi.əs/ /mɪˈstɪəɹi.əs/ /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/ more mysterious most mysterious adj
rúndiamhair
Of unknown origin.
rúnda
Having unknown qualities.

mystic /ˈmɪstɪk/ more mystic most mystic adj
doilfe fáthrúnda misteach mistiúil
Of, or relating to mystics, mysticism or occult mysteries; mystical.

mystic /ˈmɪstɪk/ mystics n
misteach
Someone who practices mysticism.

mystical /ˈmɪstɪkl̩/ /ˈmɪstɪkəl/ more mystical most mystical adj
misteach
Relating to mystics or mysticism.

myth /mɪθ/ myths n
miotas
An invented story, theory, or concept.

mythological /ˌmɪθəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
miotaseolaíoch
Of, or relating to myths or mythology.

mythologist mythologists n
miotaseolaí
A person who studies mythology

mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /mɪˈθɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ mythologies n
déscéalaíocht miotaseolaíocht
(countable, _, and, _, uncountable) The collection of myths of a people, concerning the origin of the people, history, deities, ancestors and heroes.

nadir /neɪˈdɪə(ɹ)/ /neɪˈdɪɚ/ /ˈneɪ.də(ɹ)/ /ˈneɪ.dɚ/ /ˈneɪˌdɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈneɪˌdɪɚ/ /ˈnæd.ɪə(ɹ)/ nadirs n
nadair
The point of the celestial sphere, directly opposite the zenith; inferior pole of the horizon; point of the celestial sphere directly under the place of observation.

nail /neɪl/ [neɪ̯ɫ] nails n
ionga
The thin, horny plate at the ends of fingers and toes on humans and some other animals.
tairne
A spike-shaped metal fastener used for joining wood or similar materials. The nail is generally driven through two or more layers of material by means of impacts from a hammer or other device. It is then held in place by friction.

nail polish nail polishes n
vearnais iongan
A cosmetic lacquer applied to the fingernails or toenails.

nail scissors n
siosúr ingne
Small, usually curved scissors for cutting the fingernails and toenails.

nailbrush /ˈneɪl.bɹʌʃ/ nailbrushes n
scuab ingne
A small brush, with firm bristles, used to clean the fingernails or to scrub the hands.

naive /naɪˈiːv/ /nɑːˈiːv/ more naive most naive adj
soineanta
Lacking worldly experience, wisdom, or judgement; unsophisticated.

naked /ˈneɪkɪd/ /ˈnɛkɪd/ more naked most naked adj
nocht
Bare, not covered by clothing.

name /neɪm/ names n
ainm
Any nounal word or phrase which indicates a particular person, place, class, or thing.
Reputation.

namely /ˈneɪmli/ adv
eadhon
Specifically; that is to say.

nameplate nameplates n
ainmchlár
A plate or plaque inscribed with a name.

nanny /ˈnæni/ nannies n
buime
A child's nurse.

nanolithography n
nanailiteagrafaíocht
the use of lithography to fabricate nanoscale patterns

nanotechnology nanotechnologies n
nanaitheicneolaíocht
The science and technology of creating nanoparticles and of manufacturing machines which have sizes within the range of nanometres (1–100 nm).

nanotoxicology n
nanatocsaineolaíocht
the toxicology of nanoparticles

nap /nap/ /næp/ naps n
bruth caitín
A soft or fuzzy surface, generally on fabric or leather.

nape /neɪp/ napes n
baic
(anatomy) The back part of the neck.

naphtha /ˈnæfθə/ /ˈnæpθə/ naphthas n
nafta
(petrochemistry) Any of a wide variety of aliphatic or aromatic liquid hydrocarbon mixtures distilled from petroleum or coal tar, especially as used in solvents or petrol.

narcissism /ˈnɑɹsəˌsɪzm/ /ˈnɑːsəˌsɪzm/ narcissisms n
naircisíocht
Excessive love of oneself.

narcissus /nɑɹˈsɪsəs/ narcissi narcissuses n
lus an chromchinn lus an aisig
Any of several bulbous flowering plants, of the genus Narcissus, having white or yellow cup- or trumpet-shaped flowers, notably the daffodil

narcolepsy /ˈnɑː(ɹ)kəˌlɛpsi/ narcolepsies n
narcailéipse
(pathology) A disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable attacks of deep sleep, often brief, sometimes accompanied by paralysis and hallucinations.

narrate /nəˈɹeɪt/ /nəˈɹæɪt/ /ˈnæɹeɪt/ /ˈnɛɹ.eɪt/ v
inis
(transitive) To relate (a story or series of events) in speech or writing.

narration /nəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /nəˈɹæɪ.ʃən/ /nɛɹˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌnæɹˈeɪ.ʃən/ [nəˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩] [nəˈɹæɪ.ʃn̩] [nɛɹˈeɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌnæɹˈeɪ.ʃn̩] narrations n
reacaireacht ríomh
The act of recounting or relating in order the particulars of some action, occurrence, or affair; a narrating.
That which is narrated or recounted; an orderly recital of the details and particulars of some transaction or event, or of a series of transactions or events; a story or narrative.

narrow /ˈnæɹoʊ/ /ˈnæɹəʊ/ /ˈnɛ(ə)ɹoʊ/ narrower narrowest adj
cúng caol
Having a small width; not wide; having opposite edges or sides that are close, especially by comparison to length or depth.

narrowly /ˈnæɹoʊli/ /ˈnæɹəʊli/ /ˈnɛɹoʊli/ more narrowly most narrowly adv
idir cleith agus ursain
Closely; by a narrow margin.

narwhal /ˈnɑɹwɔl/ /ˈnɑɹwəl/ /ˈnɑɹʍɑl/ /ˈnɑɹʍɔl/ /ˈnɑɹʍəl/ /ˈnɑɹˌweɪl/ /ˈnɑɹˌʍeɪl/ /ˈnɑːwəl/ /ˈnɑːʍəl/ /ˈnɑːˌweɪl/ /ˈnɑːˌʍeɪl/ narwhal narwhals n
narbhal
Monodon monoceros, an Arctic cetacean that grows to about 20 feet (6 meters) long, the male having a single horn-like tusk, a twisted, pointed canine tooth that projects forward.

nasal /ˈneɪ.zəl/ more nasal most nasal adj
srónach
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the nose or to the nasion.
(phonetics) Having a sound imparted by means of the nose; and specifically, made by lowering the soft palate, in some cases with closure of the oral passage, the voice thus issuing (wholly or partially) through the nose, as in the consonants m, n, ng.

nasal /ˈneɪ.zəl/ nasals n
srónach
(phonetics) Ellipsis of nasal consonant.
(phonetics) Ellipsis of nasal vowel.
(zootomy) A plate, or scale, on the nose of a fish, etc.

nasal cavity nasal cavities n
cuas na sróine
(anatomy) In higher vertebrates, a large air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face.

nasal mutation nasal mutations n
srónaíl urú
An alteration of the initial consonant of a word which occurs in certain Celtic languages under particular linguistic circumstances.

nation /ˈneɪ̯.ʃən/ /ˈneɪ̯.ʃɪn/ nations n
náisiún
(collective) A historically constituted, stable community of people, formed based on a common language, territory, economic life, ethnicity and/or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.
stát
(international, _, legal, metonymically) A sovereign state; (loosely, metonymically, proscribed) a country.

nation-state nation-states n
náisiúnstát
(politics) A political entity (a state) associated with a particular cultural entity (a nation) and a sovereign territorial unit.

national /ˈnaʃn(ə)l/ /ˈnaʃn̩(ə)l/ /ˈnæʃn(ə)l/ /ˈnæʃən(ə)l/ more national most national adj
náisiúnta
Pertaining to a nation or country, especially as a whole; affecting, shared by, or existing throughout all of a nation. [from 16th c.]

national /ˈnaʃn(ə)l/ /ˈnaʃn̩(ə)l/ /ˈnæʃn(ə)l/ /ˈnæʃən(ə)l/ nationals n
náisiúnach
A subject of a nation.

national anthem national anthems n
amhrán náisiúnta
(nonstandard) The official song of a constituent state of a country.

national debt national debts n
fiach náisiúnta
(economics) Any money owed by the government of a nation.

national park national parks n
páirc náisiúnta
An area of land that is not built upon, but reserved by the national government for conservation of nature and usually also for recreational use.

national security n
slándáil náisiúnta
The safety of a country as managed through the exercise of economic and political power, intelligence agencies and diplomacy.

nationalism /ˈnæʃənəlɪzəm/ nationalisms n
náisiúnachas
Patriotism; the idea of supporting one's country, people or culture.
(UK, Ireland) Support for the union of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.

nationalist /ˈnæʃ.nə.lɪst/ /ˈnæʃ.ə.lɪst/ /ˈnæʃ.ə.nə.lɪst/ more nationalist most nationalist adj
náisiúnach
Of or relating to nationalism.

nationalist /ˈnæʃ.nə.lɪst/ /ˈnæʃ.ə.lɪst/ /ˈnæʃ.ə.nə.lɪst/ nationalists n
náisiúnaí
An advocate of nationalism.

nationality /-ˈnæl.ti/ /-ˈnæl.ə.ti/ /ˌnæʃ.əˈnæl.ɪ.ti/ /ˌnæʃ.ˈnæl.ɪ.ti/ nationalities n
náisiúntacht
National origin or identity; legal membership of a particular nation or state, by origin, birth, naturalization, ownership, allegiance or otherwise. [from 18th c.]

nationhood nationhoods n
náisiúntacht
The quality of being a nation.

native soil native soils n
tír dhúchais
(idiomatic, as pertaining to persons) The country or geographical region where one was born or which one considers to be one's true homeland.

native speaker native speakers n
cainteoir dúchais
(linguistics) A person who grew up with a particular language as their mother tongue.

nativity scene nativity scenes n
radharc bhreith Chríost
(Christianity) A depiction—which may be pictorial, dramatic, or by means of figurines—of the birth of Jesus Christ in a manger, as described in the New Testament account.

natural /ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/ more natural most natural adj
duiniúil
nádúrtha
(music) Neither sharp nor flat. Denoted ♮. [from 18th c.]
Normally associated with a particular person or thing; inherently related to the nature of a thing or creature. [from 14th c.]

natural disaster natural disasters n
anachain nádúrtha tubaiste nádúrtha

natural gas natural gases n
gás nádúrtha
A mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons associated with petroleum deposits; mostly methane with smaller amounts of ethane, propane and butane; principally used as a fuel.

natural language natural languages n
teanga nádúrtha
(retronym, linguistics) Any human language that has evolved naturally in a community, usually in contrast to computer programming languages, to controlled natural languages, and to constructed languages such as Esperanto (although constructed languages are subject to change by natural forces among fluent speakers).

naturalization naturalizations n
eadóirseacht
The action of naturalizing somebody; act of granting citizenship.

naturalize /ˈnæt͡ʃəɹəˌlaɪz/ /ˈnæt͡ʃɹəˌlaɪz/ v
eadóirsigh saoránacht a thabhairt do éadaoirsigh
(transitive) To grant citizenship to someone not born a citizen.

naturalness naturalnesses n
nádúrthacht
The state or quality of being natural.

nature /ˈneɪ̯.tʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈneɪ̯.tʃə/ /ˈneɪ̯.t͡ʃəɹ/ /ˈnæɪ̯.tʃə/ /ˈnɛː.tʃɐ/ [ˈnae̯tʃɐ] [ˈnæe̯tʃɐ] natures n
nádúr an dúlra dúlra
(uncountable, often, _, capitalized) The way things are, the totality of all things in the physical universe and their order, especially the physical world in contrast to spiritual realms and flora and fauna as distinct from human conventions, art, and technology.
dúchas nádúr
The essential or innate characteristics of a person or thing which will always tend to manifest, especially in contrast to specific contexts, reason, religious duty, upbringing, and personal pretense or effort.

naughty /ˈnɑti/ /ˈnɔti/ /ˈnɔːti/ [ˈnɑɾi] [ˈnɔɾi] naughtier naughtiest adj
dalba
Mischievous; tending to misbehave or act badly (especially of a child). [from 17th c.]

nausea /ˈnɑsi.ə/ /ˈnɑzi.ə/ /ˈnɑʃə/ /ˈnɑʒə/ /ˈnɔsi.ə/ /ˈnɔzi.ə/ /ˈnɔʃə/ /ˈnɔʒə/ /ˈnɔːsɪə/ /ˈnɔːzɪə/ nauseae nauseas nauseæ n
masmas adhascaid
A feeling of illness or discomfort in the digestive system, usually characterized by a strong urge to vomit.
déistin
Strong dislike or disgust.

nauseated /ˈnɔːziˌeɪtɪd/ more nauseated most nauseated adj
adhascaideach
Having a feeling of nausea.

nauseating more nauseating most nauseating adj
múisciúil samhnasach
Causing a feeling of nausea; disgusting and revolting.

nauseous /ˈnɑːʃəs/ /ˈnɑːʒəs/ /ˈnɔːsiːəs/ /ˈnɔːziːəs/ /ˈnɔːʃəs/ /ˈnɔːʒəs/ more nauseous most nauseous adj
adhascaideach
(proscribed) Afflicted with nausea; sick. [from 19th c.]

nautilus /ˈnɑ.tɪ.ləs/ /ˈnɔ.tɪ.ləs/ /ˈnɔː.tɪ.ləs/ nautili nautiluses n
nátalas
A marine mollusc, of the family Nautilidae native to the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean, which has tentacles and a spiral shell with a series of air-filled chambers, of which Nautilus is the type genus.

nave /neɪv/ naves n
corp na heaglaise meánlann
(architecture) The middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances.

navel /ˈneɪbəl/ /ˈneɪvəl/ navels n
imleacán
(anatomy) The indentation or bump remaining in the abdomen of mammals where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.

navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/ navigations n
loingseoireacht
(uncountable) The theory, practice and technology of charting a course for a road vehicle, ship, aircraft, or spaceship.
(uncountable) Traffic or travel by vessel, especially commercial shipping.

navy /ˈneɪvi/ navies n
cabhlach loingeas
(countable) A country's entire maritime military force, including ships and personnel.
dúghorm
(countable, and, uncountable) A dark blue colour, usually called navy blue.

navy blue navy blues n
dúghorm
A dark blue color.

neap tide /ˈniːpˌtaɪd/ /ˈnɪpˌtaɪd/ neap tides n
mallmhuir
The tide which occurs just after the first and third quarters of the moon, when there is least difference between high tide and low tide.

near /nɛə/ /nɪə(ɹ)/ /nɪə/ /nɪɚ/ [nɪː] nearer nearest adj
dlúth
Physically close.

near /nɛə/ /nɪə(ɹ)/ /nɪə/ /nɪɚ/ [nɪː] preposition
in aice le
Physically close to, in close proximity to.

nearby /ˌnɪə(ɹ)ˈbaɪ/ more nearby most nearby adv
in aice láimhe in aice láithreach
next to, close to

nearly /ˈniːɹli/ /ˈnɪəli/ /ˈnɪɹli/ more nearly most nearly nearlier nearliest adv
beagnach de chóir suas le
In close approximation; almost, virtually. [from 17th c.]

nearsightedness nearsightednesses n
gearr-radharc
The property of being nearsighted, myopia.

neat /ˈniːt/ neater neatest adj
cúirialta pioctha
Clean, tidy; free from dirt or impurities.

neatness neatnesses n
ordúlacht slacht
The state of being neat.

nebula /ˈnɛbjʊlə/ nebulae nebulas nebulæ n
réaltnéal
(astronomy) A cloud in outer space consisting of gas or dust (e.g. a cloud formed after a star explodes).

nebulosity nebulosities n
néalmhaireacht réaltnéalmhaireacht
(meteorology, astronomy) The characteristic of being nebulous; cloudiness (measured in octas).

necessary /ˈnɛsəsɹi/ /ˈnɛsəɹi/ /ˈnɛsəˌsɛɹi/ more necessary most necessary necessarier necessariest adj
riachtanach
Required, essential, whether logically inescapable or needed in order to achieve a desired result or avoid some penalty.

necessity /nɪˈsɛsəti/ necessities n
riachtanas
The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite.
Something necessary; a requisite; something indispensable.
Something which makes an act or an event unavoidable; an irresistible force; overruling power.

neck /nɛk/ necks n
muineál
(anatomy) The part of the body connecting the head and the trunk found in humans and some animals.
The part of a shirt, dress etc., which fits a person's neck.
scrogall scrogall buidéil scóig (buidéil)
The tapered part of a bottle toward the opening.
caol
(music) The extension of any stringed instrument on which a fingerboard is mounted
scóig
A long narrow tract of land projecting from the main body, or a narrow tract connecting two larger tracts.

neck and neck phraseologicalUnit
gob ar ghob gob le gob
(idiomatic) Very close in progress, as in a race or a contest.

neckerchief /ˈnɛkə(ɹ)tʃiːf/ /ˈnɛkə(ɹ)tʃɪf/ neckerchiefs neckerchieves n
brat brád ciarsúr brád
A scarf that is worn looped or tied around the neck.

necklace /ˈnɛklæɪs/ /ˈnɛkləs/ /ˈnɛklɪs/ necklaces n
muince bráisléad brád
An article of jewelry that is worn around the neck, most often made of a string of precious metal, pearls, gems, beads or shells, and sometimes having a pendant attached.

necktie /ˈnɛk.taɪ/ neckties n
carbhat
A strip of cloth worn around the neck and tied in the front. See also bowtie.

necromancy /ˈnɛkɹəˌmænsi/ necromancies n
marbhdhraíocht
Loosely, any sorcery or witchcraft, especially involving death or the dead, particularly sorcery involving raising or reanimating the dead.

necropolis /nə-/ /nɛˈkɹɑpələs/ /nɛˈkɹɒplɪs/ /nɛˈkɹɒpəlɪs/ /nɪ-/ necropoleis necropoles necropoli necropolises n
reilig úirleachas
(chiefly, historical, also, figuratively) A cemetery; especially a large one in or near a city.

necrosis necroses n
neacróis
(pathology) The localized death of cells or tissues through injury, disease, or the interruption of blood supply. (Usually gangrene will follow unless the dead tissue is resected).

nectar /ˈnɛk.tə/ /ˈnɛk.təɹ/ nectars n
neachtar
(chiefly, _, mythology) The drink of the gods. [from 16th c.]
(by extension) Any delicious drink, now especially a type of sweetened fruit juice. [from 16th c.]
(botany) The sweet liquid secreted by flowers to attract pollinating insects and birds. [from 17th c.]

nectarine /ˈnɛk.tə.ɹiːn/ nectarines n
neachtairín
A cultivar of the peach with smooth rather than fuzzy skin.
(obsolete) A nectar-like liquid medicine.

nectary nectaries n
faireog mheala
(botany) A gland that secretes nectar

need /nid/ /niːd/ [nɪi̯d] needs n
gá riachtanas
(countable, and, uncountable) A requirement for something; something needed.

need /nid/ /niːd/ [nɪi̯d] v
teastaigh ó is gá do
(transitive) To have an absolute requirement for.
is gá do teastaigh ó
(transitive) To want strongly; to feel that one must have something.
caithfidh
(intransitive) To be required; to be necessary.

needle /ˈniː.dəl/ needles n
snáthaid
A long, thin, sharp implement usually for piercing as in sewing, embroidery, acupuncture, tattooing, body piercing, medical injections, sutures, etc; or a blunt but otherwise similar implement used for forming loops or knots in crafts such as darning, knitting, tatting, etc.

needle in a haystack needles in a haystack needles in haystacks n
táilliúir i mbruth faoi thír
(idiomatic) Something that is difficult or impossible to locate.

needlefish needlefish needlefishes n
snáthaid mhara
Slender fish, in the family Belonidae, usually found in shallow marine habitats.

needlessly more needlessly most needlessly adv
gan chall gan fáth
in a needless manner

needlewoman needlewomen n
bean fuála bean snáthaide druinneach fuálaí maintín
A woman who works with a needle; a female embroiderer, sewer, etc.

needlework needleworks n
fuáil obair shnáthaide
The art or process of working with a needle especially in embroidery or needlepoint.
obair shnáthaide
The occupation or employment of a person skilled in embroidery, needlepoint, etc.

needy /ˈniːdi/ needier neediest adj
díothach
In need; poor.

nefarious /nəˈfɛɚ.i.əs/ /nɪˈfeː.ɹi.əs/ /nɪˈfɛɚ.i.əs/ /nɪˈfɛː.ɹi.əs/ more nefarious most nefarious adj
bithiúnta
Sinful, villainous, criminal, or wicked, especially when noteworthy or notorious for such characteristics.

negative /-ɾɪv/ /ˈnɛ(e)ɡəˌɾɪv/ /ˈnɛɡətɪv/ more negative most negative adj
diúltach
Not positive nor neutral.
(physics) Of electrical charge of an electron and related particles [from the 18th c.]

negative /-ɾɪv/ /ˈnɛ(e)ɡəˌɾɪv/ /ˈnɛɡətɪv/ negatives n
claonchló
(photography) An image in which dark areas represent light ones, and the converse. [from 19th c.]
diúltach
(grammar) A word that indicates negation.

neglect /nɪˈɡlɛkt/ neglects n
faillí
The act of neglecting.

neglectful more neglectful most neglectful adj
neamartach
Tending to neglect; failing to take care of matters which require attention.

negligently more negligently most negligently adv
ar nós cuma liom
In a negligent manner: carelessly or inattentively.

neigh /neɪ/ neighs n
seitreach
The cry of a horse.

neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ /ˈneɪbɚ/ neighbours n
comharsa
A person living on adjacent or nearby land; a person situated adjacently or nearby; anything (of the same type of thing as the subject) in an adjacent or nearby position.
(biblical) A fellow human being.

neither /ˈnaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈnaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈneɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈni.ðɚ/ /ˈniː.ðə(ɹ)/ determiner
ceachtar
Not one of two; not either.

neither /ˈnaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈnaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈneɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈni.ðɚ/ /ˈniː.ðə(ɹ)/ pronoun
ceachtar
Not either one of two.

neither fish nor fowl /ˌnaɪðə ˈfɪʃ nɔː ˈfaʊl/ /ˌnaɪðɚ ˈfɪʃ nɔɹ ˈfaʊl/ /ˌni-/ /ˌniː-/ adj
níl sé ina ghruth ná ina mheadhg
(idiomatic) Not easily categorized; not rightly belonging or fitting well in a given group or situation; also, not having the advantages of the various options.

nene /ˈneɪneɪ/ /ˈneɪˌneɪ/ nene nenes n
gé Haváíoch
The Hawaiian goose, Branta sandvicensis, which was designated the state bird of Hawaii in 1957.

neo- /ˈnioʊ/ /ˈniːəʊ/ prefix
neo-
new

neo-pagan adj
neopágánachas
Of or relating to neo-paganism, a modern form of paganism.

neocortex neocortexes neocortices n
neocoirtéis
(neuroanatomy) The top layer of the cerebral hemispheres in the brain of mammals; part of the cerebral cortex.

neodymium /nɪə(ʊ)ˈdɪmɪəm/ /ˌniː.oʊˈdɪmiəm/ neodymiums n
neoidimiam
A chemical element (symbol Nd) with an atomic number of 60: a hard, slightly malleable silvery metal that quickly tarnishes in air and moisture.

neoimpressionism n
nua-Impriseanachas
A genre of French impressionist art that used pointillism to achieve a more formal composition.

neologism /niːˈɒləd͡ʒɪzəm/ neologisms n
nuafhocal
(linguistics, lexicography, countable) A word or phrase which has recently been coined; a new word or phrase, or an existing one which has gained a new meaning.

neon /ˈni.ɒn/ /ˈni.ˌɑn/ adj
gléineach lonrach
(of a color) That resembles a neon light; extremely bright; fluorescent

neon /ˈni.ɒn/ /ˈni.ˌɑn/ neons n
neon
(countable) A form or sample of the element.
(countable, uncountable) Neon signs or lights, collectively.

neonatology /ˌniːəʊnəˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ neonatologies n
nua-naíocht
(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn infant.

neontology n
neointeolaíocht nua-ointeolaíocht
(biology) The study of organisms living in the current era, as opposed to organisms that are extinct.

neoplasm /ˈniːoʊˌplæzəm/ neoplasms n
neoplasma
(pathology, oncology) An abnormal new growth of disorganized tissue in animals or plants.

neoprene /ˈniɵpɹin/ neoprenes n
neoipréin
A synthetic rubber, a polymer of chloroprene, commonly used in wetsuits, laptop sleeves, orthopedic braces, electrical insulation, liquid and sheet-applied elastomeric membranes and flashings, car fan belts, etc.

neotechnic more neotechnic most neotechnic adj
neoiteicniúil
Describing the period, between the late 19th century and the Second World War, characterized by the development of new technology

neoteny /niˈɑːtəni/ /niˈɒtəni/ neotenies n
neoitineacht
(biology) The retention of juvenile characteristics in the adult.
(biology) The sexual maturity of an organism still in its larval stage.

nephew /ˈnɛf.ju/ /ˈnɛv.ju/ nephews n
nia
A son of one's sibling, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law; either a son of one's brother (fraternal nephew) or a son of one's sister (sororal nephew).

nephrectomy nephrectomies n
neifreachtóime
(surgery) The surgical removal of a kidney.

nephridium nephridia n
neifridiam

nephritis nephritides nephritises n
neifríteas
(pathology) Inflammation of the kidney.

nephrologist nephrologists n
neifreolaí
A physician whose speciality is nephrology.

nephrology /nəˈfɹɒlədʒi/ n
neifreolaíocht
(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the function and diseases of the kidneys.

nepotism /ˈnɛp.ə.tɪ.zəm/ nepotisms n
finíochas
The favoring of relatives (most strictly) or also personal friends (more broadly) because of their relationship rather than because of their abilities.

neptunium /nɛpˈtjuːniəm/ /nɛpˈtuːniəm/ n
neiptiúiniam
The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 93 and symbol Np.

nerd /nɜːd/ /nɝːd/ nerds n
saoithín
(slang, sometimes, _, derogatory) A person who is intellectual but generally introverted.

nerve /nɛɾv/ /nɜɪv/ /nɜːv/ /nɝv/ nerves n
néaróg
A bundle of neurons with their connective tissue sheaths, blood vessels and lymphatics.
(nonstandard, colloquial) A neuron.

nerve cell nerve cells n
néarchill
(cytology) A cell of the nervous system which conducts nerve impulses; a neuron.

nerve center nerve centers n
néarlár
(anatomy) A point at which nerves come together for the processing of signals.
croílár
(figuratively) A physical location in a business, organization, or agency where information procured from different sources is brought together to be considered and acted upon by decision-makers.

nerve cord nerve cords n
néarchorda
(anatomy) A dorsal tubular cord of nervous tissue above the notochord of a chordate.

nerve ending nerve endings n
néarcheann
The termination of a nerve, at the distal end of an axon

nerve gas nerve gases n
néarghás
A toxic chemical compound and banned weapon of mass destruction which, when inhaled or ingested, impairs nervous system functions, typically causing extreme physical distress and death by asphyxiation.

nerve impulse nerve impulses n
néar-ríog
(physiology) The signal transmitted along a nerve fibre, either in response to a stimulus (such as touch, pain or heat), or as an instruction (such as causing a muscle to contract).

nerve net nerve nets n
néareangach
(biology) Simplistic and uncentralized nervous system of cnidarians.

nerve-racking more nerve-racking most nerve-racking adj
coscrach
Intensely irritating or distressing to the nerves.

nervous /ˈnɑvəs/ /ˈnɜːvəs/ /ˈnɝːvəs/ more nervous most nervous adj
faiteach
Easily agitated or alarmed; edgy, on edge. [from 18th c.]
imníoch neirbhíseach
Apprehensive, anxious, hesitant, worried. [from 18th c.]
néarógach
Affecting or involving the nerves or nervous system. [from 15th c.]

nervous system nervous systems n
néarchóras
An organ system whose principal constituent is nervous tissue that coordinates the activities of muscles, monitors organs, constructs and processes data received from the senses, and initiates actions.

nest /nɛst/ nests n
nead sead
A structure built by a bird as a place to incubate eggs and rear young.
nead
A place used by another mammal, fish, amphibian or insect, for depositing eggs and hatching young.

nest egg nest eggs n
cillín
(figurative) A saving; a reserve of money.

nestful nestfuls nestsful n
lán fáire lán nide
As much or many as will fill a nest.

nestling /ˈnɛstlɪŋ/ nestlings n
gearrcach
A small, young bird that is still confined to the nest.

net /nɛt/ nets n
eangach
A mesh of string, cord or rope.
A device made from such mesh, used for catching fish, butterflies, etc.
Anything that has the appearance of such a device.
(by extension) A trap.
A system that interconnects a number of users, locations etc. allowing transport or communication between them.
(sports) A framework backed by a mesh, serving as the goal in hockey, soccer, lacrosse, etc.
(tennis, by extension) The area of the court close to the net (mesh stretched to divide the court).

netball /ˈnɛtbɔːl/ /ˈnɛtˌbɔl/ netballs n
líonpheil
(uncountable) A (usually women's) team sport derived from basketball, with seven players on each side who attempt to score goals by passing a ball and throwing it into the opponent's goal, which is a raised hoop with a net at one end of the playing area. Unlike basketball, a player in possession of the ball cannot move until the ball is passed to another player.

netting-needle netting-needles n
snáthadán
A long needle with pincers used for winding thread for the production of netting.

nettle /ˈnɛt(ə)l/ nettles n
cál faiche neantóg
Especially, most species of herb genus Urtica, the stinging nettles:

network /ˈnɛt.wɜːk/ /ˈnɛt.wɝk/ networks n
eangach
Any interconnected group or system
eangach líonra
(computing, Internet) Multiple computers and other devices connected together to share information

neural /ˈnjəɹəl/ /ˈnjʉːɹəl/ /ˈnjʊəɹəl/ /ˈnɝəl/ /ˈnʊɹəl/ adj
néarógach
(biology) Of, or relating to the nerves, neurons or the nervous system.

neural tube neural tubes n
néarfheadán
(anatomy) hollow longitudinal dorsal tube formed in the folding and subsequent fusion of the opposite ectodermal folds in the embryo that gives rise to the brain and spinal cord

neuralgia neuralgias n
néarailge
(pathology, neurology) An acute, severe, intermittent pain that radiates along a nerve.

neuralgic adj
néarailgeach
(neurology, pathology) Pertaining to or affected by neuralgia.

neurasthenia /ˌnjʊəɹəsˈθiːniə/ neurasthenias n
néaraistéine
(psychiatry, dated) An ill-defined medical condition characterized by lassitude, fatigue, headache, and irritability, associated chiefly with emotional disturbance.

neurasthenic /ˌnjʊəɹəsˈθɛnɪk/ /ˌnʊɹəsˈθɛnɪk/ more neurasthenic most neurasthenic adj
néaraistéineach
Of or pertaining to neurasthenia; that is, tendencies of a person who has suffered a nervous breakdown.

neurobiology neurobiologies n
néarbhitheolaíocht
(biology) The scientific study of nerve and brain function in people and animals.

neurocranium neurocrania n
néaracráiniam
(anatomy) The part of the skull that encloses the brain.

neurofibril neurofibrils n
néaraifibril
(anatomy) Any of a group of microscopic fibrils through the body of a neuron that extend into the axon and dendrites

neurogenic adj
néaraigineach
Originating in, or caused by, the nervous system

neuroglia /njuˈrɔɡlĭə/ neuroglia neuroglias n
néaraiglia
(cytology) glial cell

neurolemma neurolemmas neurolemmata n
néaraileime
(neurology) the outermost nucleated cytoplasmic layer of Schwann cells that surrounds the axon of the neuron.

neuroleptic adj
néaraileipteach
(pharmaceutical effect) Having antipsychotic properties.

neuroleptic neuroleptics n
druga néaraileipteach
(pharmaceutical drug) An antipsychotic drug.

neuroleptic malignant syndrome n
siondróm urchóideach néaraileipteach
A life-threatening neurological disorder, exhibiting muscle rigidity, fever, delirium, etc., most often caused by an adverse reaction to neuroleptic or antipsychotic drugs.

neurological adj
néareolaíoch
Dealing with neurology, the study of the nervous system or the health care specialty that provides care for it.

neurologist neurologists n
néareolaí
A doctor or scientist who practices or specializes in neurology.

neurology /n(j)uˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ neurologies n
néareolaíocht
The branch of medicine that deals with the disorders of nervous system including the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system and the nerves, muscles, and neuromuscular junction of the peripheral nervous system.

neuromotor adj
néarluaileach
Pertaining to the relationship between the nervous system and movement.

neuromuscular adj
néarmhatánach
(anatomy) Pertaining to the voluntary or reflexive control of muscles by nerves.

neuropathic adj
néarapatach
Of or relating to neuropathy.

neuropathy neuropathies n
néarapaite
(medicine) Any disease of the nerves and nervous system, usually and more specifically the peripheral nervous system, thus including both non-neuraxial and neuraxial instances of neural damage or dysfunction but excluding the neuraxis's psychiatric aspects (mental illnesses).

neurophysiologist neurophysiologists n
néaraifiseolaí
A scientist who studies neurophysiology.

neuropsychology n
néarshíceolaíocht
A branch of neurology and of clinical psychology that investigates the physiological basis of psychological processes.

neuroradiologist neuroradiologists n
néar-raideolaí
A specialist in neuroradiology: a radiologist who specializes in the nervous system

neuroscience neurosciences n
néareolaíocht
The scientific study of the nervous system.

neurosis neuroses n
néaróis
(pathology) A mental disorder, less severe than psychosis, marked by anxiety or fear which differ from normal measures by their intensity, which disorder results from a failure to compromise or properly adjust during the developmental stages of life, between normal human instinctual impulses and the demands of human society.

neurosurgeon neurosurgeons n
néar-mháinlia
A surgeon specializing in brain surgery.

neurosurgery neurosurgeries n
néar-mháinliacht
(neurology, surgery, uncountable) The surgical discipline focused on treating those central and peripheral nervous system diseases.
(neurology, surgery, countable) Any surgical procedure performed on the nervous system, especially the brain.

neuroticism neuroticisms n
néaróiseachas
The quality or state of being neurotic

neurotoxicity neurotoxicities n
néarthocsaineacht
The state or property of being neurotoxic.

neurovascular adj
néarshoithíoch
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to both nerves and blood vessels.

neurula neurulae neurulas n
néarúl
(zoology) An embryo of vertebrates in the stage when the primitive band is first developed.

neurulation neurulations n
néarúlú
(embryology) The process by which the beginnings of the vertebrate nervous system is formed in embryos.

neuter /ˈn(j)utɚ/ /ˈnjuːtə/ more neuter most neuter adj
neodrach
(grammar) Having a form which is not masculine nor feminine; or having a form which is not of common gender.
seasc
(biology) Sexless: having no or imperfectly developed sex organs.

neuter /ˈn(j)utɚ/ /ˈnjuːtə/ neuters n
neodar seascachán
(biology) An organism, either vegetable or animal, which at its maturity has no generative organs, or but imperfectly developed ones, as a plant without stamens or pistils, as the garden Hydrangea; especially, one of the imperfectly developed females of certain social insects, as of the ant and the common honeybee, which perform the labors of the community, and are called workers.
neodar
(grammar) A noun of the neuter gender; any one of those words which have the terminations usually found in neuter words.

neuter /ˈn(j)utɚ/ /ˈnjuːtə/ v
neodraigh
(transitive) To remove sex organs from an animal to prevent it from having offspring; to castrate or spay, particularly as applied to domestic animals.

neutral /ˈnjuːtɹəl/ /ˈnuːtɹəl/ [ˈnuːt͡ʃɹəl] neutrals n
neodrach
A neutral hue.

neutrality /njuːˈtɹæləti/ /nuˈtɹæləti/ neutralities n
neodracht
The state or quality of being neutral; the condition of being unengaged in contests between others; state of taking no part on either side.

neutralization neutralizations n
neodrú
The act of neutralizing.

neutralize /ˈnjuːtɹəlaɪz/ /ˈnutɹəˌlaɪz/ v
neodraigh
(transitive) To make even, inactive or ineffective.

neutron /ˈn(j)uː.tɹɒn/ /ˈnu.tɹɑn/ neutrons n
neodrón
(particle) A subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and having no charge; it is a combination of an up quark and two down quarks.

neutron bomb neutron bombs n
buama neodrón
An atomic bomb that produces a greater amount of neutrons, and a lesser amount of blast; the intention being to create equal lethal neutron radiation and blast radii which increases the effectiveness of the weapon against armour while reducing collateral damage.

neutron star neutron stars n
neodrónréalta
(star) A degenerate star that has been so collapsed by gravity that its electrons and protons have been merged into neutrons by the intense pressure. The solid mass of neutrons is sometimes called neutronium.

never /ˈnɛv.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈnɛv.ɚ/ adv
go deo riamh
At no time; on no occasion; in no circumstance.

never mind /ˈnɛ.vɚˌmaɪnd/ /ˈnɛv.ə(ɹ)ˌmaɪnd/ v
miste
(hortative) It is not important; do not fret; used to reassure or comfort the person to whom it is said.

never say never phraseologicalUnit
ní bheadh a fhios agat go deo

nevertheless /ˌnɛvəðəˈlɛs/ /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/ adv
mar sin féin
(conjunctive) In spite of what preceded; yet.

new /njuː/ /njʉ/ /njʉː/ /nu/ /nɪu̯/ newer newest adj
nua úr
Recently made, or created.
óg nua
Newborn.

new moon new moons n
gealach úr nuaré
The phase of the moon when it is in conjunction with the sun and is therefore obscured.

new potato new potatoes n
práta nua práta úr
A potato harvested before fully developed for its tender, less starchy texture and more delicate flavor.

new year n
athbhliain
next year; the year following the current year, especially the early part of it.

newborn adj
nuabheirthe
Recently born.

newel /ˈnju.əl/ /ˈnjuː.əl/ /ˈnu.əl/ newels n
cuaille mol ráille staighre
(architecture) A central pillar around which a staircase spirals.
(architecture) A sturdy pillar at the top or bottom of a flight of stairs, supporting the handrail.

newfangled /ˌnjuːˈfæŋ.ɡəɫd/ /ˌnuˈfæŋ.ɡəld/ adj
nua-aimseartha
(usually derogatory, disapproving, or humorous) new and often needlessly novel or gratuitously different; recently devised or fashionable, especially when not an improvement.

newlywed /ˈnjuːliˌwɛd/ adj
nuaphósta
Recently married.

newness /ˈn(j)uːnəs/ newnesses n
nua núíosacht úire úrmhaire
The property of being new; novelty; recency.

news /n(j)uz/ /njuːz/ n
scéal
New information of interest.
nuacht
Information about current events disseminated via media.

newspaper /ˈn(j)usˌpeɪpɚ/ /ˈn(j)uzˌpeɪpɚ/ /ˈnjuːsˌpeɪpə/ /ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə/ newspapers n
nuachtán páipéar nuachta
(countable) A publication, usually published daily or weekly and usually printed on cheap, low-quality paper, containing news and other articles.

newsvendor newsvendors n
díoltóir páipéar fear díolta páipéar
A person who runs a newsstand selling newspapers, magazines, etc.

newt /ˈn(j)ut/ /ˈnjuːt/ /ˈnjʉːt/ newts n
earc niút
A small lizard-like amphibian in the family Salamandridae that lives in the water as an adult.

next /nɛkst/ adj
seo chugainn
Nearest in order, succession, or rank; immediately following (or sometimes preceding) in order.

next to preposition
in aice le
Beside, alongside, by, adjacent to, or near.

nexus /ˈnɛksus/ /ˈnɛksuːs/ /ˈnɛksəs/ nexus nexuses nexusses n
nasc
A form or state of connection.

nib /nɪb/ nibs n
gob
The tip of a pen or tool that touches the surface, transferring ink to paper.

nibbed more nibbed most nibbed adj
gobach
Having a nib or point.

nice /naɪs/ /nɑjs/ /nɑɪs/ /nəɪs/ nicer nicest adj
deas
(chiefly, informal) Pleasant, satisfactory. [from 18th c.]
(chiefly, informal) Of a person: friendly, attractive. [from 18th c.]

nicety /ˈnaɪsɪti/ niceties n
beaichte cruinneas
A small detail or distinction.

niche /niʃ/ /niːʃ/ /nɪt͡ʃ/ /nɪʃ/ niches n
almóir cuasán
(architectural element) A cavity, hollow, or recess, generally within the thickness of a wall, for a statue, bust, or other erect ornament.
nideog
(ecology) A function within an ecological system to which an organism is especially suited.

niche market niche markets n
margadh nideoige
A relatively small and specialist, yet profitable, market.

nickel /ˈnɪk.əl/ nickels n
nicil
(uncountable) A silvery elemental metal with an atomic number of 28 and symbol Ni.
(US, Canada, countable) A coin worth 5 cents.

nickel /ˈnɪk.əl/ v
niciligh
(transitive) To plate with nickel.

nickname /ˈnɪkneɪm/ nicknames n
leasainm forainm
A familiar, invented name for a person or thing used instead of the actual name of the person or thing, often based on some noteworthy characteristic.

nicotine /ˈnɪkətiːn/ n
nicitín
(organic compound) An alkaloid (C10H14N2), commonly occurring in the tobacco plant. In small doses it is a habit-forming stimulant; in larger doses it is toxic and is often used in insecticides.
(figuratively) Tobacco, cigarettes

nicotine gum nicotine gums n
guma nicitín
A form of chewing gum that slowly releases nicotine into the body; used by people who are trying to quit smoking

nicotine patch nicotine patches n
paiste nicitín
An adhesive patch, affixed to the skin, that slowly diffuses nicotine into the bloodstream; used by people who are trying to quit smoking

nicotinism n
nicitíneacht nimhiú nicitín
nicotine poisoning (especially as a result of tobacco use)

nictitating membrane nictitating membranes n
maothán maothán súile
A transparent protective fold of skin acting as an inner eyelid in birds, reptiles and some mammals.

niece /nis/ /niːs/ nieces n
neacht
A daughter of one’s sibling, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law; either the daughter of one's brother ("fraternal niece"), or of one's sister ("sororal niece").

niggardly /ˈnɪɡədli/ /ˈnɪɡɚdli/ more niggardly most niggardly adj
ceachartha
Withholding for the sake of meanness; stingy, miserly.

nigh /naɪ/ adv
i bhfogas i gcóngar in aice
Almost, nearly.

night /naɪt/ /nʌɪt/ interjection
oíche mhaith
Ellipsis of good night.

night /naɪt/ /nʌɪt/ nights n
oíche
(astronomy, countable) The period of darkness beginning at the end of evening astronomical twilight when the sun is 18 degrees below the horizon, and ending at the beginning of morning astronomical twilight.
(legal, countable) A period of time often defined in the legal system as beginning 30 minutes after sunset, and ending 30 minutes before sunrise.
(countable) An evening or night spent at a particular activity.
teacht na hoíche titim na hoíche
(uncountable) Nightfall.
dorchadas oíche
(uncountable) Darkness (due to it being nighttime).

night blindness night blindnesses n
daille oíche
The optic condition nyctalopia, the inability to see clearly in faint light, as at night

nightclub /ˈnʌɪtklʌb/ nightclubs n
club oíche
A public or private establishment that is open late at night to provide entertainment, food, drink, music or dancing.

nightgown /ˈnaɪtˌɡaʊn/ nightgowns n
gúna oíche
A long loose robe worn mainly by women for sleeping in.

nightingale /ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/ nightingales n
filiméala
A Eurasian and African songbird, Luscinia megarhynchos, family Muscicapidae, famed for its beautiful singing at night; a common nightingale.

nightjar /ˈnaɪtd͡ʒɑɹ/ /ˈnaɪtd͡ʒɑː/ nightjars n
tuirne lín
Any of various medium-sized nocturnal birds of the family Caprimulgidae, that feed predominantly on moths and other large flying insects.

nightmare /ˈnaɪt.mɛə/ /ˈnaɪt.mɛɚ/ [nʌɪʔ.mɛəɹ] nightmares n
tromluí
A very bad or frightening dream. [from 19th c.]
(figuratively) Any bad, miserable, difficult or terrifying situation or experience that arouses anxiety, terror, agony or great displeasure. [from 20th c.]
(now, chiefly, historical) A feeling of extreme anxiety or suffocation experienced during sleep; Sleep paralysis. [from 16th c.]

nightshade /ˈnaɪt.ʃeɪd/ nightshades n
lus na hoíche
Any of the poisonous plants belonging to the genus Solanum, especially black nightshade or woody nightshade.

nightstand nightstands n
bord cois leapa bord éadain
(US) A small table or cabinet, usually with two drawers one above the other or one drawer and a lower shelf, placed beside the head of a bed.

nihilism /ˈnaɪ.(h)ɪ.lɪz.m̩/ /ˈnaɪ.əˌlɪz.m̩/ /ˈniː-/ /ˈnɪ-/ [-(h)ɨ̞-] nihilisms n
nihileachas
(countable, uncountable, philosophy) A doctrine grounded on the negation of one or more meaningful aspects of life; in particular, the view that nothing in the world actually exists.

nihilist /ˈnaɪ.(h)ɪl.ɪst/ /ˈni.ɪl.ɪst/ /ˈniː.ɪl.ɪst/ nihilists n
nihilí
(philosophy, religion) A person who accepts or champions nihilism.

nihilistic more nihilistic most nihilistic adj
nihilíoch
Of or relating to nihilism.

nimble /ˈnɪmbl̩/ nimbler nimblest adj
luaineach lúfar mear éasca
Quick and light in movement or action.

nimbleness /ˈnɪm.bəl.nɪs/ nimblenesses n
luaineacht éascaíocht
The quality of being nimble.

nine /naɪn/ [naɪ̯n] numeral
naoi
A numerical value equal to 9; the number following eight and preceding ten.

nineteen /naɪnˈtiːn/ /ˈnaɪntiːn/ /ˈnaɪnˌtin/ /ˌnaɪnˈtin/ numeral
naoi déag
The cardinal number occurring after eighteen and before twenty, represented in Roman numerals as XIX and in Arabic numerals as 19. It is the last/largest of the "teens".

ninetieth /ˈnaɪn.ti.əθ/ adj
nóchadú
The ordinal form of the number ninety.

ninety /ˈnaɪn.di/ /ˈnaɪn.ti/ numeral
nócha
The cardinal number occurring after eighty-nine and before ninety-one, represented in Roman numerals as XC and in Arabic numerals as 90.

ninth /naɪnθ/ adj
naoú
The ordinal form of the number nine.

niobium /naɪˈoʊbiəm/ niobiums n
niaibiam
A chemical element (symbol Nb) with an atomic number of 41: a light grey, crystalline, ductile transition metal used in superconducting materials.

nip /nɪp/ nips n
liomóg
A playful bite.

nip in the bud /ˈnɪp.ɪn.ðəˈbʌd/ v
rud a mharú san ubh rud a stopadh ina thús
(idiomatic) To stop (something) at an early stage.

nipple /ˈnɪ.p(ə)l/ nipples n
sine dide
(anatomy) The projection of a mammary gland from which, on female mammals, milk is secreted. [from 16th c.]

nipplewort nippleworts n
duilleog Bhríde duilleog mhaith
A flowering plant, Lapsana communis, that yields a milky juice.

nirvana /nɚˈvænə/ /nɚˈvɑnə/ /nɪəˈvɑːnə/ /nɪɹˈvɑnə/ /nɪɾˈʋɑːn(ə)/ nirvanas n
nirbheána
(Buddhism) Complete cessation of suffering; a blissful state attained through realization of sunyata; enlightened experience.

nit /nɪt/ nits n
sniodh
The egg of a louse.

nitric /ˈnaɪtɹɪk/ adj
nítreach
Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrogen.

nitric acid n
aigéad nítreach
(inorganic compound) A transparent, colorless to pale yellow, fuming corrosive liquid, HNO3; a highly reactive oxidizing agent used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and rocket fuels and in a wide variety of industrial processes; once called aqua fortis.

nitride /ˈnaɪ.tɹaɪd/ nitrides n
nítríd
(chemistry) A compound of nitrogen where nitrogen has an oxidation state of −3.

nitrification nitrifications n
nítriú nítriúchán
The process of nitrifying

nitrile /ˈnaɪtɹaɪl/ nitriles n
nítríl
(organic compound) Any of a class of organic compounds containing a cyano functional group −C≡N; they are named as derivatives of the appropriate carboxylic acid.

nitrite /ˈnaɪ.tɹaɪt/ nitrites n
nítrít
(chemistry) Any salt or ester of nitrous acid.
(chemistry) The univalent radical -NO2, and the anion NO2-

nitro- prefix
nítri-
nitrate, nitrogen

nitrobenzene nitrobenzenes n
nítribeinséin
(organic compound) A nitro derivative of benzene, C6H5NO2, prepared by reacting benzene with a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids; any of a series of such compounds having two or more nitro groups

nitrogen /ˈnaɪ.tɹə.d͡ʒən/ [ˈnɐɪtʰɹəd͡ʒən] nitrogens n
nítrigin
(uncountable) The chemical element (symbol N) with an atomic number of 7 and atomic weight of 14.0067. It is a colorless and odorless gas.

nitrogen cycle n
timthriall nítrigine
The natural circulation of nitrogen, in which atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen oxides by lightning and deposited in the soil by rain, where it is assimilated by plants and either eaten by animals (and returned as faeces) or decomposed back to elemental nitrogen by bacteria.

nitrogenous adj
nítrigineach
of, relating to, or containing nitrogen

nitroglycerine nitroglycerines n
nítriglicrín
(organic compound) The compound glyceryl-tri-nitrate or 1,2,3 tri-nitrooxy propane; the ester of glycerol with nitric acid; prepared by the careful addition of a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids to glycerol with constant stirring and cooling; it is a thick, pale yellow liquid, that is highly explosive on concussion or on exposure to sudden heat; it is used in medicine as a vasodilator, and as an explosive in the form of dynamite which is safe to handle.

nitrous /ˈnaɪtɹəs/ adj
nítriúil
(chemistry) Of, relating to, or derived from nitrogen, especially in which the valence of the nitrogen is lower than that of a corresponding nitric species. [from 17th c.]

nitrous acid n
aigéad nítriúil
(inorganic compound) A weak acid, HNO2, known only in solution, or as its salts and esters, the nitrites; it has a linear structure, H-O-N=O

no /nɐʉ/ /nəʉ/ preposition
ní hea
without
like
(colloquial, usually, humorous) not, does not, do not, etc.

no doubt adv
gan amhras gan dabht is dóigh
without a doubt; surely.

no entry phraseologicalUnit
gan iontráil
Used on signs to indicate that entry into the area where the sign is displayed is forbidden.

no longer adv
a thuilleadh níos mó
Not any more; no more.

no man is an island proverb
is ar scáth a chéile a mhaireann na daoine
All people are connected to and dependent on other people.

no one /ˈnoʊ ˌwʌn/ /ˈnəʊ wʌn/ pronoun
aon duine
Used in contrast to anyone, someone or everyone: not one person; nobody.

no parking phraseologicalUnit
cosc ar pháirceáil ná loctar níl cead páirceáil
On a traffic sign, indicates that parking a vehicle is not allowed within the area of influence of the sign.

no problem interjection
fadhb dá laghad
No apology is necessary; think nothing of it (said in response to an expression of regret).

no rest for the wicked proverb
ní dual don diabhal bheith díomhaoin
(humorous) People who are wicked must work harder than normal people.

no smoking phraseologicalUnit
cosc ar thobac ná caitear tobac
A phrase used in notices indicating that the smoking of cigarettes, etc., is not permitted in the surrounding area.

no, thanks interjection
go raibh maith agat
Politely refuses something offered.

nobelium /noʊˈbiːliəm/ /noʊˈbɛliəm/ n
nóbailiam
a transuranic chemical element (symbol No) with an atomic number of 102.

nobility /noʊˈbɪlɪti/ /nəʊˈbɪlɪti/ /nəˈbɪlɪti/ nobilities n
uaisle
A noble or privileged social class, historically accompanied by a hereditary title; aristocracy.
uaisleacht
(uncountable) The quality of being noble.

noble /ˈnoʊbəl/ /ˈnəʊbəl/ more noble most noble nobler noblest adj
uasal án
Having honorable qualities; having moral eminence and freedom from anything petty, mean or dubious in conduct and character.
uasal
Of exalted rank; of or relating to the nobility; distinguished from the masses by birth, station, or title; highborn.

noble /ˈnoʊbəl/ /ˈnəʊbəl/ nobles n
uasal
An aristocrat; one of aristocratic blood. [from 14th c.]

noble metal noble metals n
miotal lómhar miotal uasal
(inorganic chemistry, alchemy) A metal resistant to corrosion, oxidizing and tarnishing, such as gold or platinum.

noblewoman noblewomen n
bean uasal
A woman having a noble rank, especially one belonging to the peerage; a Lady.

nobody /ˈnoʊ.bɑ.di/ /ˈnoʊ.bə.di/ /ˈnoʊˌbʌd.i/ /ˈnəʊ.bɒd.i/ /ˈnəʊ.bə.di/ nobodies n
neamhdhuine
Someone who is not important or well-known.

nock /ˈnɒk/ nocks n
eang
(archery) The notch at the rear of an arrow that fits on the bowstring.

node /noʊd/ /nəʊd/ nodes n
nód
(astronomy) The point where the orbit of a planet, as viewed from the Sun, intersects the ecliptic. The ascending and descending nodes refer respectively to the points where the planet moves from South to North and N to S; their respective symbols are ☊ and ☋.
(graph theory) A vertex or a leaf in a graph of a network, or other element in a data structure.

noggin /ˈnɑɡn̩/ /ˈnɑɡɪn/ /ˈnɒɡɪn/ noggins n
gogán
A small mug, cup or ladle; the contents of such a container.
naigín
(dated, outside, dialects) A small measure of spirits equivalent to a gill.

noise /nɔɪz/ noises n
torann callán
(uncountable) Various sounds, usually unwanted or unpleasant.

noisy /ˈnɔɪzi/ /ˈnɔːɪzɪ/ noisier noisiest adj
callánach glórach
Making a noise, especially a loud unpleasant sound
callánach
Full of noise.

nomenclature /-ˈmɛn/ /nə(ʊ)ˈmɛŋ.klətʃə/ /ˈnoʊmənˌkleɪt͡ʃɚ/ /ˌnoʊmənˈkleɪt͡ʃɚ/ nomenclatures n
ainmníocht
A set of rules used for forming the names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences.

nominal /ˈnɑ.mɪ.nəl/ /ˈnɒm.ɪ.nəl/ [ˈnɑ.mɪ.nl̩] [ˈnɒm.ɪ.nl̩] adj
ainmfhoclach
(finance) Of, relating to, or being the amount or face value of a sum of money or a stock certificate, for example, and not the purchasing power or market value.

nominalism nominalisms n
ainmníochas
(philosophy) A doctrine that universals do not have an existence except as names for classes of concrete objects.

nomination /ˌnɑmɪˈneɪʃən/ /ˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/ nominations n
ainmniú
An act or instance of nominating.
ainmniúchán
A device or means by which a person or thing is nominated.

nominative case nominative cases n
ainmneach
(grammar) The case used to indicate the subject—or agent—of a finite verb.

nominator nominators n
ainmnitheoir
One who nominates, the enactor of a nomination.

nominee /ˌnɒmɪˈniː/ nominees n
ainmnitheach
A person named, or designated, by another, to any office, duty, or position; one nominated, or proposed, by others for office or for election to office.

non- /ˈnɑn/ /ˈnɒn/ prefix
mí- neamh-
Not, the negation of the root word (a quality).

non-binary /nɔnˈbaɪ.nɚ.i/ /nɔnˈbaɪ.nɛɹ.i/ adj
neamh-dhénártha
Having or pertaining to a gender identity not represented by the gender binary; not exclusively male or female; genderqueer.

non-commissioned officer non-commissioned officers n
oifigeach neamhchoimisiúnta
A person of authority in the military who has not received a commission (a direct conveyance of authority from the sovereign government); as such they can have charge or control but not command in the most technical use of the word.

nonaggression nonaggressions n
neamhionsaitheacht neamhionsaí
an absence of aggression

nonalignment nonalignments n
neamh-ailíniú neamh-chomhghuaillíocht
The condition of being nonaligned

nonchalant /ˈnɒn.ʃəl.ənt/ /ˌnɑn.ʃəˈlɑnt/ more nonchalant most nonchalant adj
neamhchorrbhuaiseach neamhchúiseach
Casually calm and relaxed.
fuarbhruite
Indifferent; unconcerned; behaving as if detached.

nonchalantly more nonchalantly most nonchalantly adv
ar nós cuma liom
In a nonchalant manner.

noncontributory adj
neamhchionmhar
Describing a pension plan in which the members do not provide their own direct contributions (that is, the employer makes all monetary contributions; the employees make no monetary contributions, whereas their service toward the company's ability to operate is their indirect contribution, for which the pension is remuneration).

nondegeneracy nondegeneracies n
neamh-dhíchineálacht
the condition of being nondegenerate

nondestructive adj
neamhlotmhar
That does not result in destruction or damage.

none /nʌn/ pronoun
aon cheann aon duine aon rud
Not any of a given number or group.

nonflammable adj
dolasta doloiscthe neamh-inlasta
Not combustible.

nonintoxicating more nonintoxicating most nonintoxicating adj
neamh-mheisciúil
not intoxicating; not causing drunkenness

nonkilling nonkillings n
neamh-mharú
A precept or worldview that affirms the possibility of a society where killing is absent.

nonlinearity nonlinearities n
neamhlíneacht
(uncountable) The state of being nonlinear.

nonpolitical adj
neamhpholaitiúil
not political; not related to politics

nonprofessional adj
amaitéarach
Not professional; amateur.

nonprofit adj
neamhbhrabúis
Not seeking to produce a profit (a financial gain).

nonprofit nonprofits n
eagraíocht neamhbhrabúis
Ellipsis of nonprofit organization: an organization that exists for reasons other than to make a profit, such as a charitable, educational or service organization.

nonsense /ˈnɑn.sɛns/ /ˈnɒn.səns/ nonsenses n
amaidí brilléis seafóid áiféis
Letters or words, in writing or speech, that have no meaning or pattern or seem to have no meaning.

nonvascular adj
neamhshoithíoch
Not vascular.

noodle /ˈnu.dəl/ [ˈnuː.dl̩] [ˈnʉː.dl̩] noodles n
núdal
(usually, in the plural) A string or flat strip of pasta or other dough, usually cooked (at least initially) by boiling, and served in soup or in a dry form mixed with a sauce and other ingredients.

nook /nuːk/ /nʉk/ /nʊk/ nooks n
clúid cúinne
A small corner formed by two walls; an alcove.
clúid
A hidden or secluded spot; a secluded retreat.

nook and cranny nooks and crannies n
gach cearn is clúid
(idiomatic) A place or part of a place, especially one that is small, remote, or tedious to access.

noon /nuːn/ noons n
nóin meán lae
(now, rare) The corresponding time in the middle of the night; midnight.

noose /nuːs/ /ˈnʉs/ nooses n
dol
An adjustable loop of rope, such as the one placed around the neck in hangings, or the one at the end of a lasso.

normal /ˈnɔɹm(ə)l/ /ˈnɔːml̩/ more normal most normal normaler normalest adj
gnách gnáth- normálta
(set theory, of a function from the ordinals to the ordinals) Which is strictly monotonically increasing and continuous with respect to the order topology.

normal /ˈnɔɹm(ə)l/ /ˈnɔːml̩/ normals n
normal
(geometry) A line or vector that is perpendicular to another line, surface, or plane.

normalcy /ˈnɔɹməlsi/ normalcies n
normáltacht
(US) The state of being normal; the fact of being normal; normality.

normality /noːˈmæl.ə.ti/ /nɔɹˈmæl.ə.ti/ /nɔːˈmæl.ɪ.ti/ [nɔɹˈmæl.ə.ɾi] normalities n
normáltacht
(uncountable) The state of being normal or usual; normalcy.
normalacht
(countable, mathematics, statistics) A measure of how well an observed distribution approximates a normal distribution.

normalize /ˈnɔɹ.mə.laɪz/ /ˈnɔː.mə.laɪz/ v
normalaigh normalú a dhéanamh ar
(transitive) To make normal, to make standard.

normative /ˈnoː.mə.tɪv/ /ˈnɔɹ.mə.tɪv/ /ˈnɔː.mə.tɪv/ [ˈnɔɹ.mə.ɾɪv] more normative most normative adj
normatach
Of or pertaining to a norm or standard.

north /noɹθ/ /noːθ/ /nɔəθ/ /nɔː(ɹ)θ/ /nɔːθ/ [no̞ɹθ] norths n
tuaisceart
The direction towards the pole to the left-hand side of someone facing east, specifically 0°, or (on another celestial object) the direction towards the pole lying on the northern side of the invariable plane.
The up or positive direction.
(physics) The positive or north pole of a magnet, which seeks the magnetic pole near Earth's geographic North Pole (which, for its magnetic properties, is a south pole).
Alternative letter-case form of North (“a northern region; the inhabitants thereof”). [circa 1300]
(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction to the left-hand side of a person facing the altar.

north wind north winds n
gaoth aduaidh
A wind blowing from the north.

northeastern /ˌnorˈθiː.stɚn/ /ˌnɔːˈθiː.stn̩/ more northeastern most northeastern adj
thoir thuaidh
Of, related to, located in, or from the northeast.

northeastward more northeastward most northeastward adv
soir ó thuaidh
Toward the northeast.

northerly /ˈnɔɹðɚli/ /ˈnɔːðəli/ more northerly most northerly adj
aduaidh
Facing the north; directed towards the north.

northern /ˈnɒðə(ɹ)n/ /ˈnɔɹðɚn/ /ˈnɔːðn̩/ /ˈnɔːðən/ more northern most northern adj
thuaidh tuaisceartach
Of, facing, situated in, or related to the north; northerly.

northern hawk owl northern hawk owls n
ulchabhán seabhaic tuaisceartach
A medium-sized owl native to boreal forests of North America and Eurasia; Surnia ulula.

northern lights n
Gealáin Thuaidh na Saighneáin
The aurora of the northern hemisphere.

northern shoveler northern shovelers n
spadalach tuaisceartach
Spatula clypeata, formerly Anas clypeata, a duck breeding in northern areas of Europe and across the Palearctic and across most of North America.

northwest /nɔɹθˈwɛst/ /nɔːθˈwɛst/ northwests n
iarthuaisceart
The intercardinal compass point halfway between west and north; specifically at a bearing of 315°.

northwesterly more northwesterly most northwesterly adj
thiar thuaidh
Situated in, or pointing to, the northwest.
(chiefly, of a wind) Coming from the northwest.

northwestern /nɔːθˈwɛst.ə(ɹ)n/ /nɔːθˈwɛstn̩/ more northwestern most northwestern adj
siar ó thuaidh

nose [noʊ̯z] [noːz] [nəwz] [nəʊ̯z] noses n
srón
A protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell.
The tip of an object.
The skill in recognising bouquet.

nosebag nosebags n
mála cinn socmhála
A sack or bag for feeding a horse, mule, ox or similar animal, generally on the move or away from the home stable or paddock. Designed to be attached to harness and slipped over the animal's nose to permit feeding while eliminating spillage; designs vary.

nosebleed /ˈnoʊsˌblid/ /ˈnoʊzˌblid/ /ˈnəʊzˌbliːd/ nosebleeds n
fuil shróine
haemorrhage from the nose (usually, blood flow exiting the nostrils that originates from the nasal cavity)

nosey parker nosey parkers n
gobadán
(UK, Ireland, colloquial) An overly inquisitive or prying person.

not /nɑt/ /nɒt/ /nɔt/ [nɑ̈ʔt̚] [nɒt] [nɒʔ(t)] [nɔt] [nɞʔt] adv
cha chan gan ní char níor
Negates the meaning of the modified verb.

not at all [ˈnɑɾəˈɾɑɫ] [ˈnɑɾəˈɾɔɫ] [ˈnɒtʰəˈtʰɔːɫ] [ˈnɔɾəˈɾoːɫ] adv
ar chor ar bith
(emphatic) Not in the least.

not guilty adj
neamhchiontach
(legal) Of a person, legally innocent of a crime which they have been accused of in a court of law.

not the sharpest knife in the drawer not the sharpest knives in the drawer n
ní hé is éirimiúla amuigh
(humorous, euphemistic) Lacking in intelligence; dimwitted.

notary /ˈnoʊtəɹi/ notaries n
nótaire
(legal, Canada, US) A notary public, a public officer who serves as an impartial witness to the signing of important documents, but who is not authorised to practise law.

notary public /ˈnəʊtəɹi ˈpʌblɪk/ notaries public notaries publics n
nótaire poiblí
(law) An officer who can administer oaths and statutory declarations, witness and authenticate documents and perform certain other acts varying from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.

notation /noʊˈteɪʃən/ notations n
nodaireacht
(uncountable) A system of characters, symbols, or abbreviated expressions used in an art or science or in mathematics or logic to express technical facts or quantities.

notch /nɑt͡ʃ/ /nɒtʃ/ notches n
scór
A V-shaped cut.
Such a cut, used for keeping a record.

note /noʊt/ /nəʊt/ v
nótáil

notebook /ˈnoʊtˌbʊk/ /ˈnəʊtˌbʊk/ notebooks n
leabhar nótaí
(computing, sometimes, attributive) A kind of user interface in literate programming, allowing calculations to be interspersed with human-readable comments, diagrams, etc.
ríomhaire glúine
(computing) Ellipsis of notebook computer. A laptop.

notepad notepads n
ceap nótaí
A pad of paper, often bound, in which one jots down notes; a notebook.

notepaper notepapers n
páipéar litreacha
Relatively small writing paper used for writing notes or letters; often provided with matching envelopes.

nothing /-ŋk/ /nɒ-/ /ˈnʌθɪŋ/ ; [ˈnʌʔn̩] pronoun
neamhní
Not any thing; no thing.

notice /ˈnoʊtɪs/ /ˈnəʊtɪs/ [ˈnoʊɾɪs] notices n
fógra fógraí
(countable) A written or printed announcement.
fógra
(countable) A formal notification or warning.

notice /ˈnoʊtɪs/ /ˈnəʊtɪs/ [ˈnoʊɾɪs] v
tabhair faoi deara

notion /ˈnoʊʃən/ /ˈnəʊʃən/ notions n
nóisean smaoineamh éirim
Mental apprehension of whatever may be known, thought, or imagined; idea, concept.

notochord notochords n
nótacorda

notwithstanding /ˌnɑtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/ /ˌnɒtwɪðˈstændɪŋ/ preposition
in ainneoin ainneoin d’ainneoin
In spite of, despite.

noun /naʊn/ /næːn/ nouns n
ainmfhocal ainm
(grammar, narrowly) A word that functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as person, animal, place, word, thing, phenomenon, substance, quality, or idea: one of the basic parts of speech in many languages, including English.
ainm
(grammar, now, rare, loosely) Either a word that can be used to refer to a person, animal, place, thing, phenomenon, substance, quality or idea, or a word that modifies or describes a previous word or its referent; a substantive or adjective, sometimes also including other parts of speech such as numeral or pronoun.
(computing) An object within a user interface to which a certain action or transformation (i.e., verb) is applied.

noun clause noun clauses n
ainmchlásal
(grammar) a subordinate clause which functions as a subject or object of the main clause

nourish /ˈnɝ.ɪʃ/ /ˈnʊɹ.ɪʃ/ /ˈnʌɹ.ɪʃ/ v
beathaigh biathaigh
(transitive) To feed and cause to grow; to supply with food or other matter which increases weight and promotes health.

nourishing more nourishing most nourishing adj
beathúil cothabhálach
That provides nourishment; nutritious.

nouveau riche /ˌnu.voʊ ˈɹiʃ/ /ˌnu.voʊ ˈɹɪtʃ/ /ˌnuː.vəʊ ˈɹiːʃ/ nouveaux riches n
lucht an nuashaibhris
(pejorative) New money; wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy.

novel /ˈnɑvəl/ /ˈnɒvəl/ [ˈnɒvl̩] novels n
úrscéal nóibhille
A work of prose fiction, longer than a novella. [from 17th c.]

novelty /ˈnɑvəlti/ /ˈnɒvəlti/ novelties n
adhnua nuacht úrnuacht
The state of being new or novel; newness.
rud nua
A new product; an innovation.

now /naʊ/ adv
anois adrásta
At the present time.

now and then /ˌnaʊ ən(d) ˈðɛn/ adv
anois agus arís anois is arís
(idiomatic) sometimes; occasionally; intermittently

nowhere /ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/ /ˈnəʊ.wɛə/ adv
in áit ar bith
In no place.

nuclear /ˈn(j)u.kjə.lɚ/ /ˈn(j)u.kli.ɚ/ /ˈnjuː.klɪə(ɹ)/ adj
núicléach
Pertaining to the nucleus of an atom. [from 20th c.]
Involving energy released by nuclear reactions (fission, fusion, radioactive decay). [from 20th c.]
eithneach núicléach
(biology) Pertaining to the nucleus of a cell. [from 19th c.]

nuclear bomb nuclear bombs n
buama núicléach
A nuclear weapon.

nuclear chemistry n
ceimic núicléach
(chemistry) The application of chemical techniques to the solution of problems in nuclear physics, including the discovery of naturally occurring and synthetic radioactive elements and the results of nuclear fission.

nuclear energy n
fuinneamh núicléach
The energy released by a nuclear reaction; either through nuclear fission or nuclear fusion

nuclear physics n
fisic núicléach
The branch of physics that studies the nucleus of the atom, its internal structure and components.

nuclear power nuclear powers n
cumhacht adamhach cumhacht núicléach
(uncountable) Power, especially electrical power, obtained using nuclear fission or nuclear fusion.

nuclear power plant nuclear power plants n
cumhachtstáisiún núicléach stáisiún cumhachta núicléach stáisiún núicléach
A power plant that obtains its primary energy from the heat generated in nuclear reactions.

nucleic acid /njuːˈkleɪ.ɪk ˈæsɪd/ /njuːˈkliː.ɪk ˈæsɪd/ /nuˈkleɪ.ɪk ˈæsɪd/ nucleic acids n
aigéad núicléasach
(biochemistry, genetics) Any acidic, chainlike biological macromolecule consisting of multiple repeat units of phosphoric acid, sugar and purine and pyrimidine bases; they are involved in the preservation, replication and expression of hereditary information in every living cell

nucleolus nucleoli n
eithneog núiclín
(cytology) A conspicuous, rounded body within the nucleus of a cell.

nucleus /ˈnjuː.kli.əs/ /ˈnuː.kli.əs/ nuclei nucleuses n
núicléas
(chemistry, physics) The massive, positively charged central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons.

nude /n(j)uːd/ nuder nudest adj
nocht
Without clothing or other covering of the skin; without clothing on the genitals or female nipples.

nudism /njuː.dɪzəm/ nudisms n
nochtachas
The belief in or practice of going nude in social, nonsexualized and frequently mixed-gender groups specifically in cultures where going nude in the social situation is not the norm.

nudity /ˈnjudɪˌti/ /ˈnudɪti/ nudities n
nochtacht
(uncountable) The state or quality of being without clothing on the body; specifically, the quality of being without clothing on the genitals.

nuisance /ˈnjuː.səns/ /ˈnuː.səns/ nuisances n
crá croí
A minor annoyance or inconvenience.
A person or thing causing annoyance or inconvenience.
núis
(legal) Anything harmful or offensive to the community or to a member of it, for which a legal remedy exists.

null hypothesis null hypotheses n
hipitéis nialasach
(statistics) A hypothesis set up to be nullified or refuted in order to support an alternative hypothesis. When used, the null hypothesis is presumed true until statistical evidence in the form of a hypothesis test indicates otherwise. Therefore, the null and the alternative hypothesis must be mutually exclusive and exhaustive.

number /ˈnʌmbə/ /ˈnʌmbɚ/ numbers n
uimhir
(countable) An abstract entity used to describe quantity.
(Followed by a numeral; used attributively) Indicating the position of something in a list or sequence. Abbreviations: No or No., no or no. (in each case, sometimes written with a superscript "o", like Nº or №). The symbol "#" is also used in this manner.
(grammar) Of a word or phrase, the state of being singular, dual or plural, shown by inflection.
(countable, informal) A person.
figiúr uimhir
(countable, mathematics) An element of one of several sets: natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, real numbers, complex numbers, and sometimes extensions such as hypercomplex numbers, etc.

number /ˈnʌmbə/ /ˈnʌmbɚ/ v
uimhrigh
(transitive, passive) To limit to a certain number; to reckon (as by fate) to be few in number.
(transitive) To label (items) with numbers; to assign numbers to (items).

numbness numbnesses n
eanglach
Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.

numeracy numeracies n
uimhearthacht
The quality of being numerate; numerical skill.

numeral /ˈnjuːməɹəl/ /ˈnjuːmɹəl/ /ˈnuməɹəl/ /ˈnumɹəl/ numerals n
figiúr
A symbol that is not a word and represents a number, such as the Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3 and the Roman numerals I, V, X, L.

numerate /ˈnjuːməɹət/ /ˈnuːməɹət/ more numerate most numerate adj
uimheartha
Having the ability to understand numbers and perform arithmetic.

numerical /n(j)uˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kəl/ /n(j)ʉˈmeɹ.ɪ.kəl/ [n(j)uˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kl̩] [n(j)ʉˈmeɹ.ɪ.kl̩] more numerical most numerical adj
uimhriúil
Of or pertaining to numbers.

numerical noun numerical nouns n
uimhir phearsanta
A type of noun in Scottish Gaelic used as a numeral, only applied to persons. They exist for the numbers 1-10 only.

numerous /ˈnjuːməɹəs/ /ˈnjuːmɹəs/ /ˈnuməɹəs/ /ˈnumɹəs/ more numerous most numerous adj
líonmhar
Indefinitely large numerically; many.

numerousness numerousnesses n
líonmhaireacht
The state or quality of being numerous.

nun /nʊn/ /nʌn/ nuns n
bean rialta
A member of a Christian religious community of women who live by certain vows and usually wear a habit, (Roman Catholicism, specifically) those living together in a cloister.

nunnery /ˈnʌn(ə)ɹi/ nunneries n
clochar
(chiefly, _, Christianity) The residence of a female religious community, a monastery for nuns.

nurse /nɜːs/ /nɝs/ nurses n
banaltra banaltra fir
A person trained to provide care for the sick.
banaltra buime
A person (usually a woman) who takes care of other people’s young.

nurse /nɜːs/ /nɝs/ v
cothaigh tabhair beathú cíche do tabhair brollach do
(transitive) To breastfeed: to feed (a baby) at the breast; to suckle.

nursery nurse nursery nurses n
nyrs feithrin

nursery school nursery schools n
naíscoil
(British) An educational institution for small children (normally around 3 to 5 years old, who not yet have begun primary school).

nursing /ˈnɜːsɪŋ/ /ˈnɝsɪŋ/ nursings n
altranas banaltracht
The process or profession of caring for patients as a nurse.

nursing home nursing homes n
teach altranais
A place of residence for people who require constant nursing care and have significant deficiencies with activities of daily living, such as the elderly and younger adults with physical disabilities.

nurture /ˈnɜːɹ.t͡ʃəɹ/ nurtures n
oiliúint
The act of nourishing or nursing; tender care

nut /nʊt/ /nʌt/ [nɐt] nuts n
cnó meas
(food, broadly) Any of various hard-shelled seeds or hard, dry fruits from various families of plants.
cnó
(hardware) A piece of hardware, typically metal and typically hexagonal or square in shape, with a hole through it having internal screw threads, intended to be screwed onto a threaded bolt or other threaded shaft.
(climbing) A shaped piece of metal, threaded by a wire loop, which is jammed in a crack in the rockface and used to protect a climb. (Originally, machine nuts [sense #2] were used for this purpose.)
gealt
(slang) A crazy person.

nutation nutations n
nútaíocht nútú
(physics) A bobbing motion that accompanies the precession of a spinning rigid body.
(astronomy) Any of several irregularities in the precession of the equinoxes caused by varying torque applied to the Earth by the Sun and the Moon.

nutcracker nutcrackers n
cnóire
(ornithology) Either of two birds of the genus Nucifraga in the crow family.

nutmeg /ˈnʌt.mɛɡ/ nutmegs n
noitmig
The aromatic seed of this tree, used as a spice.

nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪ.ʃən/ /nuˈtɹɪ.ʃən/ nutritions n
oiliúint
That which nourishes; nutriment.

nutritious /njuːˈtɹɪʃəs/ /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/ more nutritious most nutritious adj
beathúil
(of food or drink) Providing nutrients; healthy to eat.

nutritive /ˈnjuːtɹətɪv/ more nutritive most nutritive adj
beathúil
Nourishing, providing nutrition.

nutshell /ˈnʌt.ʃɛl/ nutshells n
blaosc cnó
The shell that surrounds the kernel of a nut.

nux vomica nuces vomicae n
múisc-chnó
The strychnine tree, Strychnos nux-vomica, an evergreen tree found in southeastern Asia.

nyctinasty n
oíche-iamh
(botany) The movement of leaves or petals in response to darkness; the closing of a flower at night.

nylon /ˈnaɪlɑn/ /ˈnaɪlɒn/ nylons n
níolón
Originally, the DuPont company trade name for polyamide, a copolymer whose molecules consist of alternating diamine and dicarboxylic acid monomers bonded together; now generically used for this type of polymer.
(in the plural) A stocking originally fabricated from nylon; also used generically for any long, sheer stocking worn on a woman's legs.
(perjoratively, by comparison to silk) A Queen's Counsel, King's Counsel or Senior Counsel who was appointed as a courtesy, rather than on merit.

nymph /ˈnɪmf/ nymphs nymphæ n
bé choille
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Any female nature spirit associated with water, forests, grotto, wind, etc.
nimfeach
(entomology) The larva of certain insects.

o /ˈoʊ/ /ˈəʊ/ oes n
onn ó
The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.

o'clock /oʊˈklɑk/ /əʊˈklɒk/ /əˈklɑk/ /əˈklɒk/ adv
a a chlog a haon a chlog aon
(modifying a numeral, one to twelve) In conjunction with a numeral, indicates the time within a twelve-hour period (midnight to noon or noon to midnight), specifically the time when the hour hand of a clock points precisely to the symbol or marking corresponding to the designated numeral.
(with a numeral, one to twelve) In conjunction with a numeral, indicates the direction, relative to the speaker or a vehicle, especially an aircraft, corresponding to the direction the hour hand is pointing at the time corresponding to the numeral, with twelve representing directly ahead on a horizontal plane, or directly up on a vertical plane, and three being to the right on either.

oaf /oʊf/ /əʊf/ oafs oaves n
dúramán gamal
(pejorative) A person, especially a large male, who is clumsy or a simpleton.

oak /oʊk/ /woʊk/ /əʊk/ oaks n
dair
(uncountable) The wood of the oak.
Any tree of other genera and species of trees resembling typical oaks of genus Quercus in some ways.

oak gall oak galls n
gál darach
A gall produced by an oak by a wasp larva.

oakwood oakwoods n
doire
(countable) A wood populated with oak trees.

oar /o(ː)ɹ/ /oə/ /ɔɹ/ /ɔː/ oars n
rámh
A type of lever used to propel a boat, having a flat blade at one end and a handle at the other, and pivoted in a rowlock atop the gunwale, whereby a rower seated in the boat and pulling the handle can pass the blade through the water by repeated strokes against the water's resistance, thus moving the boat.

oarlock oarlocks n
pionna iomartha
(nautical) A usually U-shaped device attached to the gunwale of a rowboat to hold the oars in place while rowing.

oasis /oʊˈeɪsəs/ /oʊˈeɪsɪs/ /əʊˈeɪsəs/ /əʊˈeɪsɪs/ oases oasises n
ósais
A spring of fresh water, surrounded by a fertile region of vegetation, in a desert.

oast /əʊst/ oasts n
áith
(British) A kiln for drying tobacco, malt and especially hops.

oat /oʊt/ /əʊt/ oats n
coirce
(uncountable) Widely cultivated cereal grass, typically Avena sativa.

oat milk oat milks n
bainne coirce
A milky liquid made from oats and used as a milk substitute, cooking ingredient or beverage.

oatbread n
arán coirce
bread made with oatmeal

oatcake oatcakes n
arán coirce bonnóg arán coirce briosca coirce císte aráin choirce sruán coirce
Any of many flat biscuits, or cakes, made from oatmeal.

oath /ˈoʊθ/ /ˈəʊθ/ oaths n
mionn móid
A solemn pledge or promise that invokes a deity, a ruler, or another entity (not necessarily present) to attest the truth of a statement or sincerity of one's desire to fulfill a contract or promise.

oatmeal /ˈoʊtmil/ /ˈɒtmiːl/ /ˈəʊtmiːl/ oatmeals n
min choirce
Meal made from rolled or round oats.
brachán coirce brachán mine coirce leite mhine coirce
A breakfast cereal made from rolled oats, cooked in milk and/or water.

oats /ˈoʊts/ /ˈəʊts/ n
coirce
Seeds of an oat plant, especially prepared as food.

obduracy /-djʊ-/ /ˈɑbdʊɹəsi/ /ˈɒb.dʊ.ɹə.si/ obduracies n
aindiúid
The state of being obdurate, intractable, or stubbornly inflexible.

obdurate /-ət/ /ˈɑbd(j)əɹɪt/ /ˈɑbd(j)ʊɹɪt/ /ˈɒbdjʊɹɪt/ /ˈɒbdʒəɹɪt/ /ˈɒbdʒʊɹɪt/ more obdurate most obdurate adj
aindiúideach ceanndána docht dolúbtha dáigh dígeanta
Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent.

obedience /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːdɪəns/ obediences n
umhlaíocht
The quality of being obedient.

obelisk /ˈɑbəlɪsk/ /ˈɒbəlɪsk/ /ˈɔbəlɪsk/ obelisks n
oibilisc
(architecture) A tall, square, tapered, stone monolith topped with a pyramidal point, frequently used as a monument. [from mid 16th c.]
miodóg
A dagger symbol (†), which is used in printed matter as a reference mark to refer the reader to a footnote, marginal note, etc.; beside a person's name to indicate that the person is deceased; or beside a date to indicate that it is a person's death date.

obesity /oʊˈbisɪti/ /oʊˈbɛzɪti/ /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/ [-ɾi] obesities n
murtall otracht beathaitheacht cothaitheacht foircheas foircheasacht
(pathology) The state of being obese.

obesogenic /əʊbiːsəˈdʒɛnɪk/ adj
murtallaigineach
Causing obesity. [from 20th c.]

obey /oʊˈbeɪ/ /əʊˈbeɪ/ /əˈbeɪ/ v
géill do
(transitive) To do as ordered by (a person, institution etc), to act according to the bidding of.

obituary /oʊ-/ /əʊ-/ /əˈbɪtjʊ(ə)ɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃuˌɜɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃəɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃəˌwɛɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃʊ(ə)ɹi/ obituaries n
scéala báis
A brief notice of a person's death, especially one published in a newspaper or other publication; also (obsolete) , the section of a newspaper where notices of deaths are published.

object /əbˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɑb.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɒb.d͡ʒɛkt/ objects n
rud réad
A thing that has physical existence but is not alive.
A person or thing toward which an emotion is directed.
cuspóir
(grammar) The noun phrase which is an internal complement of a verb phrase or a prepositional phrase. In a verb phrase with a transitive action verb, it is typically the receiver of the action.
oibiacht
(object-oriented programming) An instantiation of a class or structure.
aidhm cuspa cuspóir
(category theory) An instance of one of the two kinds of entities that form a category, the other kind being the arrows (also called morphisms).

object /əbˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɑb.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɒb.d͡ʒɛkt/ v
agóid
(intransitive) To disagree with or oppose something or someone; (especially in a Court of Law) to raise an objection.

object language object languages n
sprioctheanga
(lexicography) the language of the headwords in a dictionary (in a French-to-English translation dictionary, French is the object language)
teanga aidhme
(computing) target language; the language of the object code, the output of a compiler (not necessarily executable machine code)

object lesson object lessons n
eiseamláir
An example from real life that explains a principle or teaches a lesson.
Anything used as an example or lesson which serves to warn others as to the outcomes that result from a particular action or behavior, as exemplified by the fates of those who followed that course.

objection /əbˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/ objections n
agó
agóid
The act of objecting.
A statement expressing opposition, or a reason or cause for expressing opposition (generally followed by the adposition to).
(legal) An official protest raised in a court of law during a legal trial over a violation of the rules of the court by the opposing party.

objective /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ /əbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ more objective most objective adj
oibiachtúil
Not influenced by the strong emotions or prejudices.
Based on observed facts; without purely subjective assessment.
cuspóireach
(grammar) Of, or relating to a noun or pronoun used as the object of a verb.

objective /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ /əbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ objectives n
aidhm cuspóir sprioc
A goal that is striven for.
cuspóireach
(grammar) The objective case.
réadlionsa
The lens or lenses of a camera, microscope, or other optical device closest to the object being examined.

objectivity /ˌɑbd͡ʒɛkˈtɪvɪti/ /ˌɒbd͡ʒɛkˈtɪvɪti/ [ˌɑbd͡ʒɛkˈtɪvɪɾi] objectivities n
oibiachtúlacht
The state of being objective, just, unbiased, and not influenced by irrational emotions or personal prejudices.

objector objectors n
agóideoir
A person who objects to something.

objet d'art /ˌɒbʒeɪ ˈdɑː(ɹ)/ objets d'art n
séad
A work of art with some artistic merit.

obligation /ɑb.ləˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ obligations n
oibleagáid
The act of binding oneself by a social, legal, or moral tie to someone.
A course of action imposed by society, law, or conscience by which someone is bound or restricted.
oibleagáid dualgas
A social, legal, or moral requirement, duty, contract, or promise that compels someone to follow or avoid a particular course of action.

oblique case oblique cases n
claontuiseal
(grammar) Any noun case except the nominative case (and sometimes the vocative case), where the noun is the object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

obliteration obliterations n
múchadh

obnoxious /ɒb-/ /əbˈnɑkʃəs/ /əbˈnɒkʃəs/ more obnoxious most obnoxious adj
domlasta
Extremely offensive or unpleasant; very annoying, contemptible, or odious.

oboe /ˈoʊboʊ/ oboes n
óbó
A soprano and melody wind instrument in the modern orchestra and wind ensemble. It is a smaller instrument and generally made of grenadilla wood. It is a member of the double reed family.

obscene /əbˈsin/ /əbˈsiːn/ more obscene most obscene obscener obscenest adj
graosta gáirsiúil
Offensive to standards of decency or morality.
Lewd or lustful.

obscurity /əbˈskjɔːɹɪti/ /əbˈskjɝɪti/ /əbˈskjʊəɹɪti/ /əbˈskjʊɹɪti/ obscurities n
aduaine anaithne
The state of being unknown; a thing that is unknown.
The quality of being difficult to understand; a thing that is difficult to understand.

obsequies /ˈɔbsɪ.kwiːz/ n
cluiche caointe
(pluralonly) Funeral rites.

obsequious /əbˈsiːkwi.əs/ more obsequious most obsequious adj
spleách
Excessively eager and attentive to please or to obey instructions; fawning, subservient, servile.

obsequiousness n
spleá
The quality of being obsequious; servile compliance.

observance /əbˈzɜːvəns/ /əbˈzɝvəns/ observances n
coinneáil
The practice of complying with a law, custom, command or rule.

observant /əbˈzɜːvənt/ /əbˈzɝvənt/ more observant most observant adj
súilaibí
Alert and paying close attention; watchful.

observatory /əbˈzɜːvət(ə)ɹi/ /əbˈzɝvətɔɹi/ observatories n
réadlann
A place where stars, planets and other celestial bodies are observed, usually through a telescope; also place for observing meteorological or other natural phenomena.

observe /ɒbˈzɜːv/ /əbˈzɜːv/ /əbˈzɝv/ v
coinnigh
(transitive) To take note of and celebrate (a holiday or similar occurrence), to keep; to follow (a type of time or calendar reckoning).

obsessive /əbˈsɛsɪv/ more obsessive most obsessive adj
dúghafach
Having one thought or pursuing one activity to the absolute or nearly absolute exclusion of all others.

obsessive-compulsive disorder obsessive-compulsive disorders n
neamhord éigníoch dúghafach
(medicine, psychology) A mental and behavioral disorder, characterized by obsessive intrusive thoughts and a compulsion to ease the resulting distress by repeating specific routines or rituals, regardless of their interference with other activities.

obsolete /ɑbsəˈliːt/ /ˈɑbsəliːt/ /ˈɒbsəliːt/ more obsolete most obsolete adj
seanchaite
(of words, equipment, etc.) No longer in use; gone into disuse; disused or neglected (often in favour of something newer).

obstacle /ˈɑbstəkəl/ /ˈɒbstəkəl/ obstacles n
constaic
Something that impedes, stands in the way of, or holds up progress, either physically or figuratively

obstetric /əbˈstɛtɹɪk/ adj
cnáimhseach
Of or relating to obstetrics (the care of women during and after pregnancy).

obstetrician /ˌɑbstəˈtɹɪʃən/ /ˌɒbstəˈtɹɪʃən/ obstetricians n
cnáimhseoir obstatraí
(medicine) A physician who specializes in childbirth.

obstetrics /ɑbˈstɛ.trɪks/ /əbˈstɛ.trɪks/ n
cnáimhseachas
(medicine) The care of women during and after pregnancy.

obstinate /ˈɑb.stə.nət/ /ˈɑb.stə.nɪt/ /ˈɒb.stɪ.nət/ /ˈɒb.stɪ.nɪt/ more obstinate most obstinate adj
ceanntréan cruamhuineálach dáigh stuacach
Stubbornly adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course, usually with implied unreasonableness; persistent.

obstructive /ɑbˈstɹʌk.tɪv/ /əbˈstɹʌk.tɪv/ more obstructive most obstructive adj
toirmeascach
Causing obstructions.

obtain /əbˈteɪn/ v
faigh bain

obtainable more obtainable most obtainable adj
infhaighte
Able to be obtained.

obverse obverses n
aghaidh boinn
The heads side of a coin, or the side of a medal or badge that has the principal design.

obvious /ˈɑ.vi.əs/ /ˈɑb.vi.əs/ /ˈɒ.vɪəs/ /ˈɒb.vɪəs/ /ˈɒv.jəs/ more obvious most obvious adj
follasach soiléir
Easily discovered, seen, or understood; self-explanatory.

ocarina /oʊkəˈɹinə/ /ɑkəˈɹinə/ /ɒkəˈɹiːnə/ ocarinas n
ócairín
(musical instruments) A woodwind musical instrument that is closed at both sides to produce an enclosed space, and punctured with finger holes.

occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/ more occasional most occasional adj
ócáideach
Occurring or appearing irregularly from time to time, but not often.

occasionally /əˈkeɪʒnəli/ /əˈkeɪʒənli/ /əˈkeɪʒənəli/ more occasionally most occasionally adv
fo-uair
From time to time; sometimes; at relatively infrequent intervals. [from 15th c.]

occipital /ɑkˈsɪp.ət.l̩/ /ɒkˈsɪp.ɪt.l̩/ /ɒkˈsɪp.ɪt.əl/ adj
ocsapatach
(anatomy) Of, pertaining to, or located within or near the occiput (back of the head) or the occipital bone.

occiput /ˈɑk.səp.ət/ /ˈɑk.səˌpʌt/ /ˈɒk.sɪ.pʌt/ occipita occiputs n
cúlphlaic ocsapat

occultation /ˌɑkəlˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɒkəlˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ occultations n
ceilt
(astronomy) An astronomical event that occurs when one celestial object is hidden by another celestial object that passes between it and the observer when the nearer object appears larger and completely hides the more distant object.

occultism occultisms n
asarlaíocht
The study of the supernatural

occupancy occupancies n
áitíocht
The act of occupying, the state of being occupied or the state of being an occupant or tenant.

occupation /ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən/ /ˌɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/ /ˌɒkjəˈpeɪʃən/ /ˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃən/ occupations n
gabháil lonnaíocht
The act, process or state of possessing a place.
gabháil
(geopolitics, military) The control of a nation or region by a hostile military or paramilitary force.

occupational more occupational most occupational adj
gairme
Of, belonging, or relating to an occupation (in any sense).

occupational safety and health n
sláinte agus sábháilteacht cheirde
The activities and policies aimed at protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment.

occupy /ˈɑkjəpaɪ/ /ˈɒkjʊpaɪ/ v
áitigh
To live or reside in.

occur /əˈkɜː/ /əˈkɝ/ v
rith le
(impersonal) To come or be presented to the mind; to suggest itself.

ocean /ˈoʊ.ʃən/ /ˈəʊ.ʃən/ oceans n
aigéan an fharraige mhòr bóchna farraige lear mórmhuir
(countable) One of the large bodies of water separating the continents.

ocean current ocean currents n
feacht

oceanic /ˌəʊsiˈænɪk/ /ˌəʊʃiˈænɪk/ more oceanic most oceanic adj
aigéanach aigéanta
Of or relating to the ocean.

oceanic whitetip shark oceanic whitetip sharks n
siorc bán aigéanach
a large pelagic shark, taxonomic name Carcharhinus longimanus, characterized by the white tips on the fin, often prone to attack humans.

oceanographer /ˌoʊʃəˈnɑɡɹəfəɹ/ oceanographers n
aigéaneolaí
a person who studies oceanography, the science of oceans

oceanographic /ˌoʊʃənəˈɡɹæfɪk/ adj
aigéaneolaíoch
relating to oceanography, the science of oceans

oceanography /ˌoʊʃəˈnɑɡɹəfi/ /ˌəʊʃjəˈnɒɡɹəfi/ n
aigéaneolaíocht
The exploration and scientific study of the oceans and ocean floor.

ocellus /əʊˈsɛləs/ ocelli n
súileog
A simple eye consisting of a single lens and a small number of sensory cells.

ocelot /ˈɑsəlɑt/ /ˈɒsəlɒt/ ocelots n
osalat
An American feline carnivore (Leopardus pardalis, syn. Felis pardalis) covered with blackish ocellated spots and blotches which are variously arranged.

ochre /ˈoʊkɚ/ /ˈəʊkə/ adj
ócair
Having a yellow-orange colour.

ochre /ˈoʊkɚ/ /ˈəʊkə/ ochres n
ócar
A clay earth pigment containing silica, aluminum and ferric oxide

octagon /ˈɑktəˌɡɑn/ /ˈɒktəɡ(ə)n/ octagons n
ochtagán
(geometry, also, attributively) A polygon with eight sides and eight angles.

octagonal /ɑkˈtæɡ.ə.n(ə)l/ adj
ochtagánach
(geometry) Shaped like an octagon, in having eight sides and eight angles.

octopus /ˈɑktəpəs/ /ˈɑktəpʊs/ /ˈɒktəpəs/ /ˈɒktəpʊs/ octopi octopii octopodes octopuses octopusses n
ochtapas
(uncountable) The flesh of these marine molluscs eaten as food.

odd /ɑd/ /ɒd/ odder oddest adj
aisteach
Peculiar, singular and strange in looks or character; eccentric, bizarre.
corr corr-
(not comparable) Scattered; occasional, infrequent; not forming part of a set or pattern.
(not comparable) Not regular or planned.

odd number odd numbers n
uimhir chorr

oddness oddnesses n
aiteacht
(uncountable) The state or quality of being odd.

odds /ɑdz/ /ɒdz/ n
corrlach
the ratio of winnings to stake in betting situations
corrlach seans
the ratio of the probabilities of an event happening to that of it not happening

odds and ends n
giúirléidí
(idiomatic) Miscellaneous things.

odious /ˈoʊ.di.əs/ /ˈəʊ.di.əs/ more odious most odious adj
fuafar gráiniúil
Arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure.

odonto- prefix
ódónta-
tooth

odontology n
ódónteolaíocht
The study of the structure and development of teeth
The branch of dentistry dealing with abnormalities of teeth

odontophore odontophores n
ódóntafór
A projection in the mouths of most molluscs, used with the radula to break up food.

odor /ˈoʊ.dɚ/ /ˈəʊ.də/ odors n
tuth
Any smell, whether fragrant or offensive.

oesophagus /iːˈsɒfəɡəs/ /ɪˈsɑfəɡəs/ /ɪˈsɒfəɡəs/ oesophagi oesophaguses n
éasafagas
(anatomy) The tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach.

oestrus /ˈiːstɹəs/ /ˈɛstɹəs/ oestri oestruses n
éastras
(countable, and, uncountable, biology) A female animal's readiness to mate; heat, rut.

of /ɒv/ /ɔv/ /ə/ /əv/ /ʌv/ preposition
an
Introducing an epithet that indicates a birthplace, residence, dominion, or other place associated with the individual.
de
Links an intransitive verb, or a transitive verb and its subject (especially verbs to do with thinking, feeling, expressing etc.), with its subject-matter; concerning, with regard to. [from 10th c.]
Belonging to, existing in, or taking place in a given location, place or time. Compare "origin" senses, above. [from 9th c.]
(archaic, or, literary) Links an adjective with a noun or noun phrase to form a quasi-adverbial qualifier; in respect to, as regards. [from 13th c.]

of course /əv ˈkoə(ɹ)s/ /əv ˈkɔɹs/ /əv ˈkɔːs/ adv
ar ndóigh
Naturally, as would be expected; for obvious reasons, obviously. [from 19th c.]

of late
le déanaí
(idiomatic) In the recent past; recently; lately.

of one's own accord /əv ˌwʌnz oʊn əˈkɔɹd/ /əv ˌwʌnz əʊn əˈkɔːd/
as do stuaim féin de dheoin de do dheoin féin de do leointe féin de do leontaíl féin
On one's (or its) own initiative; under one's (or its) own power, without being commanded or controlled.

of two minds
idir dhá chomhairle
(idiomatic) Undecided or unsure; equivocating; conflicted in one's opinions.

off /ɑf/ /ɒf/ /ɔf/ /ɔːf/ adv
ar shiúl
In a direction away from the speaker or other reference point.
as
Into a state of non-operation or non-existence.

off-color more off-color most off-color adj
drochshnóch
(idiomatic) Feeling mildly unwell.

offal /ˈɑfl̩/ /ˈɒfl̩/ /ˈɔfl̩/ offals n
conamar garr
The internal organs of an animal, used as food.

offend /əˈfɛnd/ v
ciontaigh
(transitive) To transgress or violate a law or moral requirement.

offender offenders n
ciontóir
A person who commits an offense against the law, a lawbreaker.

offense /əˈfɛns/ /ˈɑf.ɛns/ /ˈɔf.ɛns/ offenses n
aithisiú
The act of offending.
múisiam
The state of being offended or displeased; anger; displeasure.

offer /ˈɑfɚ/ /ˈɒfə(ɹ)/ /ˈɔfɚ/ /ˈɔːfə(ɹ)/ v
ofráil
(transitive) To present (something) to God or gods as a gesture of worship, or for a sacrifice.

offering /ˈɑfəɹɪŋ/ /ˈɒfəɹɪŋ/ /ˈɔfəɹɪŋ/ offerings n
ofráil
A contribution given at a religious service.
An oblation or presentation made as a religious act.

office /ˈɑfɪs/ /ˈɒfɪs/ /ˈɔfɪs/ offices n
feidhmeannas
A position of responsibility.
oifig
Official position, particularly high employment within government; tenure in such a position.
A room, set of rooms, or building used for non-manual work, particularly:

official language official languages n
teanga oifigiúil
A language afforded an elevated status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction, typically for government use.

officious more officious most officious adj
anchúramach
Offensively intrusive or interfering in offering advice and services.

offline /ɑfˈlaɪn/ /ɒfˈlaɪn/ /ɔfˈlaɪn/ adj
as líne
Of a system, currently not connected (generally electrically) to a larger network. For example, a power plant which is not connected to the grid, or a computer which is not connected to the Internet or to any other communications service.

offset printing n
seach-chur
Printing by the offset process, in which ink is carried from a metal plate to a rubber blanket (“offset cylinder”) and from there to the printing surface.

offspring /ˈɑfspɹɪŋ/ /ˈɒfspɹɪŋ/ /ˈɔfspɹɪŋ/ offspring offsprings n
clann síolradh
An animal or plant's progeny or young.

often /ˈɑf(t)ən/ /ˈɒf(t)ən/ /ˈɔf(t)ən/ /ˈɔːf(t)ən/ more often most often oftener oftenest adv
go minic
Frequently; many times.

oh my God interjection
a Thiarna a thiarcais
(potentially, _, offensive) An expression of anger, frustration, excitement, shock, awe, dismay, etc.

ohm /oʊm/ /əʊm/ ohms n
óm
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical resistance; the electrical resistance of a device across which a potential difference of one volt causes a current of one ampere. Symbol: Ω

ohmmeter ohmmeters n
óm-mhéadar
(physics) A portable device for measuring relatively small values of electrical resistance.

oil /ɔl̴/ /ɔɪ(ə)l/ [ɔɪ(ə)ɫ] oils n
ola
Liquid fat.
ola íle
Petroleum-based liquid used as fuel or lubricant.
ola phlandúil
(attributive) Containing oil, conveying oil; intended for or capable of containing oil.

oil painting oil paintings n
péintéireacht ola
A painting done with oil paints.
(uncountable) The art of painting with oil paints.

oil sand oil sands n
gaineamh ola gaineamh tarra tarraghaineamh
A relatively loose sandstone, or porous carbonate rock, impregnated with bitumen.

oil-fired adj
ola-adhainte
Of a boiler or heating system: burning oil as a fuel to provide heat.

oilcan oilcans n
canna ola
A container with a long spout, for holding oil and delivering it in drops or small quantities for lubrication.

oilcloth oilcloths n
éadach ola
A fabric or cloth treated on one side with a waterproof covering, especially one made from linseed oil etc.; used for flooring, tablecloths, kitchen shelves and sometimes furniture covering.

ointment /ˈɔɪn(t)m(ə)nt/ /ˈɔɪntm(ə)nt/ [ˈɔ̃ɪ̃(n)ʔ.mɪ̃(n)ʔ] ointments n
ungadh
(medicine) A viscous preparation of oils and/or fats, usually containing medication, used as a treatment or as an emollient.

okra /ˈoʊkɹə/ /ˈɒkɹə/ /ˈəʊkɹə/ okras n
ocra
The edible immature mucilaginous seed pod (properly, capsule) of the Abelmoschus esculentus.

old /aʉld/ /ˈoʊld/ /ˈəʊld/ [ɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈɔʊ(ɫ)d] elder eldest older oldermost oldest adj
críonna
sean
Of an object, concept, relationship, etc., having existed for a relatively long period of time.
Of a perishable item, having existed for most of, or more than, its shelf life.
Having been used and thus no longer new or unused.
sean aosta
Of a living being, having lived for most of the expected years.
d'aois
Having existed or lived for the specified time.
sean ath-
Former, previous.

old age n
foirfeacht aostacht
The latter part of life, the part of life after one's prime.

old as the hills /ˌoʊld əz‿ðə ˈhɪlz/ /ˌəʊld əz‿ðə ˈhɪlz/ adj
chomh sean leis an díle chomh sean leis an gceo chomh sean leis na clocha glasa chomh sean leis na cnoic
(idiomatic, simile, chiefly, hyperbolic) Extremely old.

old dear old dears n
cailleach seanbhean seanchailleach
(endearing, or, patronizing) old woman

old man old men n
seanduine seanfhear
(literally) An elderly man.

old woman old women n
seanbhean seanchailleach
(literally) An elderly woman.

older brother older brothers n
deartháir mór
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see older,‎ brother. (This entry is a translation hub.)

oldness /əʊldnəs/ oldnesses n
aostacht
The state of being old; age.

oleander /ˈoʊliændɚ/ /ˌoʊliˈændɚ/ /ˌəʊliˈændə(ɹ)/ oleanders n
oiliandar
Nerium oleander, a notoriously poisonous shrub in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae, but nonetheless widely grown as an ornamental, having leathery lance-shaped leaves and deep rose-colored or white flowers.

oleic more oleic most oleic adj
oiléach
(chemistry) Of or pertaining to oleic acid or its derivatives

oleic acid n
aigéad óileach
(fatty acid) An unsaturated fatty acid, having 18 carbon atoms and one double bond, found in olive oil and very many other vegetable and animal oils and fats; it is used for making soap, cosmetics etc.

oleiferous more oleiferous most oleiferous adj
olatháirgeach
That produces oil

oligarchy /ˈoʊlɪˌɡɑɹki/ /ˈɑːlɪˌɡɑɹki/ /ˈɒlɪˌɡɑːki/ oligarchies n
olagarcacht
A government run by only a few, often the wealthy.
Those who make up an oligarchic government.
A state ruled by such a government.

oligopoly /ɒlɪˈɡɒpli/ /ɒlɪˈɡɒpəli/ /ˌoʊ-/ /ˌɑləˈɡɑpəli/ oligopolies n
olagaplacht
(economics) An economic condition in which a small number of sellers exert control over the market of a commodity.

olive /ˈɑ.lɪv/ /ˈɒl.ɪv/ olives n
ológ
The small oval fruit of this tree, eaten ripe (usually black) or unripe (usually green).

olive oil olive oils n
ola olóige
A vegetable oil, pressed from olives, and used in cooking and as a salad dressing; it is high in unsaturated fatty acids.

omasum omasa omasums n
goile an leabhair goile duilleach mála an leabhair
(biology, food) The third compartment of the stomach of a ruminant; the lining of said compartment, regarded as a foodstuff.

ombrotrophic adj
ombratrófach
Pertaining to ombrotrophy.

omelette /ˈɑ.mə.lət/ /ˈɑm.lət/ /ˈɑm.lɪt/ /ˈɒm.lɪt/ /ˈɔm.lət/ omelettes n
uibheagán
A dish made with beaten eggs cooked in a frying pan without stirring, flipped over to cook on both sides, and sometimes filled or topped with other foodstuffs, for example cheese or chives.

omen /ˈoʊmən/ /ˈəʊmən/ omens n
droch-tuar mana teir tuar
Something which portends or is perceived to portend either a good or evil event or circumstance in the future, or which causes a foreboding; a portent or augury.

omentum omenta omentums n
scairt
(anatomy) Either of two folds of the peritoneum that support the viscera.

omicron /əʊˈmaɪkɹɒn/ /əʊˈmaɪkɹən/ /əˈmaɪkɹɒn/ /əˈmaɪkɹən/ /ˈoʊməˌkɹɑn/ /ˈoʊmɪˌkɹɑn/ /ˈɑməˌkɹɑn/ /ˈɑmɪˌkɹɑn/ /ˈɒmɪkɹɒn/ /ˈɒmɪkɹən/ /ˈəʊmɪkɹɒn/ n
oimiocrón
(virology, pathology) Ellipsis of Omicron variant.

omission /oʊˈmɪʃən/ /əˈmɪʃən/ omissions n
faill faillí
(uncountable) The act of neglecting to perform an action one has an obligation to do.

omnibus /ˈɑmnɪbəs/ /ˈɒmnɪbəs/ adj
oll-
Containing multiple items.

omnibus /ˈɑmnɪbəs/ /ˈɒmnɪbəs/ omnibi omnibuses omnibusses n
ollchlár
A broadcast programme consisting of all of the episodes of a serial that have been shown in the previous week.

omnipotence /ɒmˈnɪpətəns/ omnipotences n
uilechumhacht
Unlimited power; commonly attributed to a deity or deities.

omnipotent /ɒmˈnɪpətənt/ more omnipotent most omnipotent adj
mórchumhachtach ollchumhachtach uilechumhachtach
Having unlimited power, force or authority.

omniscience /ɑmˈnɪʃəns/ /ɒmˈnɪsiəns/ omnisciences n
uilefhios
The capacity to know everything.

omniscient /ɑmˈnɪʃənt/ /ɒmˈnɪsɪənt/ adj
uilefheasach
Having total knowledge.

on /ɑn/ /ɒn/ /ɔn/ /ɔʊn/ preposition
ar
Positioned at the upper surface of, touching from above.

on account of preposition
ar aoi
mar gheall ar
(idiomatic) Because of, due to, owing to.

on behalf of preposition
ar son as ucht
Speaking or acting for.

on board adj
ar bord
On or in a means of transportation.

on duty
ar dualgas
Actively engaged in an assigned task, duty or occupation.

on fire
le thine
Being burned by fire.

on foot
de chois de shiúl cos de shiúl na gcos
On one's feet; walking, jogging or running but not in a vehicle or on the back of an animal. [from 10th c.]

on high /ɑn ˈhaɪ/ /ɒn ˈhaɪ/
suas
To a high position; or up in, or to, the sky; above.

on offer
ar shladmhargadh
(British) For sale at a reduced price.

on parade
ar paráid

on pins and needles
ar bís

on sufferance
le caolchuid
(idiomatic) Unwillingly agreed to or barely tolerated.

on the beat
ar an stádar
(law enforcement) Of a police officer: patrolling his or her assigned area; on duty.

on the double
ar sodar
(idiomatic) Rapidly or immediately.

on the house
ar chuntas an tí ó mhuintir an tí
(of goods or services) free, complimentary.

on the other hand
ar an lámh eile os a choinne sin
(sequence, idiomatic) From another point of view.

on the ropes adj
ar na rópaí
(boxing, professional wrestling) Leaning against the ropes of the boxing ring, as when exhausted and nearing defeat or collapse.
ar an dé deiridh in ísle brí streachailt
(figuratively, by extension) Showing signs of imminent failure or collapse.

on the spot
ar an ásc sin
(idiomatic) At that very moment.

on the tip of one's tongue
ar bharr do ghoib ar bharr do theanga
Known but not quite able to be recalled.

on the warpath
ar buile
(idiomatic) Very angry or upset and eager for confrontation.

on tiptoe
ar na barraicíní
Moving carefully, quietly, warily or stealthily on the tips of one's toes.

once /wɒn(t)s/ /wʌn(t)s/ adv
uair amháin
(frequency) One and only one time.

once /wɒn(t)s/ /wʌn(t)s/ conjunction
ó
As soon as; when; after.

once in a blue moon /wʌns ɪn ə bluː muːn/ adv
uair sna naoi n-aird uair umá seach
(idiomatic) Very rarely; very infrequently.

once upon a time /ˈwʌns.əˈpɑn.əˈtaɪ̯m/ adv
fadó fadó feacht n-aon lá den saol tráth dá raibh
A long time ago; at some time in the past (a traditional beginning of children's stories, especially fairy tales).

oncilla /ɒnˈsiː.ə/ oncillas n
cat beag ballach
Leopardus tigrinus, a small spotted felid found in the tropical rainforests of Central and South America.

oncologist /ɒnˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ /ɒŋˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ oncologists n
oinceolaí
(oncology) A doctor or scientist who specializes in oncology.

oncology /ɒŋˈkɒləd͡ʒi/ oncologies n
oinceolaíocht
The branch of medicine concerned with tumors, including study of their development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

one /oʊn/ /w/ /wan/ /wɒn/ /wʌn/ /ɔːn/ [wän] [wən] numeral
aon amháin
The number represented by the Arabic numeral 1; the numerical value equal to that cardinal number.

one /oʊn/ /w/ /wan/ /wɒn/ /wʌn/ /ɔːn/ [wän] [wən] pronoun
ceann duine
(impersonal pronoun, indefinite) One thing (among a group of others); one member of a group.

one after another adv
as a chéile
(idiomatic) In single file.

one another pronoun
a chéile
(reciprocal pronoun) Used of a reciprocal relationship among a group of two or more people or things; compare each other.

one by one adv
as éadan a chéile
Individually in succession.

one o'clock n
a haon a chlog
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the second hour of the day; 1:00 a.m. (01:00).

one-dimensional more one-dimensional most one-dimensional adj
aontoiseach
Having length, but no width, height or depth.

one-eyed adj
aonsúileach
Having only a single eye, particularly when a greater number is normal.

one-off more one-off most one-off adj
aonuaire
Occurring once, independent of any pattern; one-time.

one-sided more one-sided most one-sided adj
leataobhach
Partial or biased in favour of one faction or demographic group.
aontaobhach
With one competitor dominant over the other.
Out of proportion or lopsided.
Having only one side, like a Möbius strip.

one-way adj
aontreo
Allowing movement in only one direction; unidirectional.

one-way mirror one-way mirrors n
scáthán aonbhealaigh
A mirror reflecting images on one side and transparent on the other, often used by the police during interrogations.

one-way street one-way streets n
sráid aontreo
A road in which traffic is only allowed to proceed in one direction.

onion /ˈɪn.jən/ /ˈɪŋ.ən/ /ˈʌn.jən/ /ˈʌŋ.jən/ /ˈʌŋ.jɪn/ onions n
oinniún
A monocotyledonous plant (Allium cepa), allied to garlic, used as vegetable and spice.
The bulb of such a plant.

online /ɑnlaɪn/ /ɑnˈlaɪn/ /ɒnˈlaɪn/ /ɔnˈlaɪn/ /ˈɒnlaɪn/ /ˈɔnlaɪn/ more online most online adj
ar líne
Of a computer: actively connected to the Internet or to some other communications service.
Available over, or delivered from, the Internet.

only child only children n
aonghin
A person who has no siblings; a person raised as the sole child in a household.

only son only sons n
aonmhac mac aonghine
A sole male child, whether one among multiple siblings, or one who has no siblings.

onomasiology n
onamaiseolaíocht
(linguistics) A branch of lexicology concerned with the names of concepts.

onomatopoeia /ˌɑnəˌmætəˈpiːə/ /ˌɑnəˌmɑnəˈpiːə/ /ˌɑnəˌmɑtəˈpiːə/ /ˌɒnəˌmætəˈpiːə/ /ˌɒnəˌmɛtəˈpæɪə/ onomatopoeiae onomatopoeias n
fuaimfhoclaíocht onamataipé
(uncountable) The property of a word that sounds like what it represents.

onto /ˈɑn.tu/ /ˈɑn.tə/ /ˈɑn.tʊ/ /ˈɒn.tuː/ /ˈɒn.tə/ /ˈɒn.tʊ/ /ˈɔn.tu/ /ˈɔn.tə/ /ˈɔn.tʊ/ preposition
ar
Arriving upon or on top of (speaking of a physical or metaphorical movement).

ontogenesis ontogeneses n
ontaigineas
The generation and development of an individual organism from fertilization to adulthood.

ontology /ɒnˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ ontologies n
ointeolaíocht onteolaíocht
(uncountable, philosophy) The branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist; the study of being qua being.
(countable, computer science, information science) A structure of concepts or entities within a domain, organized by relationships; a system model.

onus /ˈoʊnəs/ /ˈəʊnəs/ onera onuses n
dualgas
A legal obligation.

onward /ˈɑnwɚd/ /ˈɒnwəd/ /ˈɔnwɚd/ adv
ar aghaidh chun cinn
In a forward direction.

oogamy /oʊˈɒɡəmi/ n
úgamacht
(biology) A form of anisogamy (heterogamy) in which the female gamete (e.g. ovum) is significantly larger than the male gamete (sperm) and is non-motile.

oogenesis oogeneses n
úigineas

oops /uːps/ /ʊps/ interjection
hoips úps
(colloquial) Acknowledging a mistake.

opalescent /oʊpəˈlɛsənt/ more opalescent most opalescent adj
ópalach
Exhibiting a milky iridescence like that of an opal.

opaline opalines n
ópalach
(mineral) Any of several minerals resembling opal, including a variety of yellow chalcedony.

open /ˈoʊp(ə)n/ /ˈəʊp(ə)n/ more open most open adj
ar oscailt oscailte
(usually, not comparable) Not closed.
Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration.
oscailteach
(not comparable) Candid, ingenuous, not subtle in character.

open /ˈoʊp(ə)n/ /ˈəʊp(ə)n/ v
oscail
(transitive) To make something accessible or allow for passage by moving from a shut position.
(transitive) To make accessible to customers or clients.
(obsolete) To disclose; to reveal; to interpret; to explain.

open sea open seas n
mórmhuir
That part of the sea out of sight of land.

open source /ˈoʊpən ˌsɔɹs/ n
foinse oscailte
(software) The practice of providing open-source code for a product.

open-air museum open-air museums n
iarsmalann faoin aer
A museum where the exhibitions are located outdoors.

open-handed more open-handed most open-handed adj
oscailteach rannach
Liberal and generous.

open-heart surgery open-heart surgeries n
obráid croí oscailte

open-mouthed more open-mouthed most open-mouthed adj
gionach
With the mouth open.

open-plan more open-plan most open-plan adj
plean oscailte
(architecture) Having large rooms with few dividing barriers such as partitions.

opening /ˈoʊ.pə.nɪŋ/ /ˈəʉp.nɪŋ/ /ˈəʊ.pə.nɪŋ/ openings n
oscailt
An act or instance of making or becoming open.

openly /ˈoʊpənli/ more openly most openly adv
os ard
In an open manner; visibly.

openness opennesses n
oscailteacht
Accommodating attitude or opinion, as in receptivity to new ideas, behaviors, cultures, peoples, environments, experiences, etc., different from the familiar, conventional, traditional, or one's own.
The degree to which a person, group, organization, institution, or society exhibits this liberal attitude or opinion.

opera /ˈɑ.pɚ.ə/ /ˈɑ.pɹə/ /ˈɒp.ə.ɹə/ /ˈɒp.ɹə/ /ˈɔp.ə.ɹə/ /ˈɔp.ɹə/ operas opere n
teach ceoldráma áras ceoldrámaíochta
ceoldráma
(music) A theatrical work, combining drama, music, song and sometimes dance.
(music) The score for such a work.
A company dedicated to performing such works.

opera house opera houses n
teach ceoldráma áras ceoldrámaíochta

opera singer opera singers n
amhránaí ceoldráma
Someone who sings opera professionally.

operatic /ˌɑ.pɚˈæt.ɪk/ /ˌɒp.əˈɹæt.ɪk/ /ˌɔp.əˈɹæt.ɪk/ [ˌɑ.pɚˈæɾ.ɪk] [ˌɔp.əˈɹæɾ.ɪk] more operatic most operatic adj
ceoldrámach
Of, related to, or typical of opera.

operating system /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɪŋ ˌsɪstəm/ /ˈɒpəˌɹeɪtɪŋ ˌsɪstəm/ operating systems n
córas oibriúcháin
(computing, software) Software for controlling the allocation and use of various hardware resources (memory, CPU time, disk space, input and output devices) to tasks and remote terminals.

operating theatre operating theatres n
obrádlann
A room in a hospital used for performing surgery (originally designed for operations in front of observers).

operation /ˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɒp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ operations n
oibriú oibriúchán
The method by which a device performs its function.
obráid
(medicine) A surgical procedure.
oibríocht
(computing, logic, mathematics) A procedure for generating a value from one or more other values (the operands)
(military) A military campaign (e.g. Operation Desert Storm)

operculum /oʊˈpɝ.kjə.ləm/ /əʊˈpɜː.kjʊ.ləm/ opercula n
clúidín lannach
(zoology) A covering flap in animals, such as a gill cover.

ophthalmia /ɑpˈθælmiə/ /ɒfˈθælmiə/ /ɒpˈθælmiə/ ophthalmias n
oftailme
(medicine)

ophthalmo- /ɒfˌθælməʊ/ /ˌɒfθəlˈmɒ/ prefix
oftailmi-
Of or relating to eyes.

ophthalmologist /ˌɑp.θə(l)ˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌɒf.θælˈmɒ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌɔf.θælˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌɔf.θə(l)ˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ ophthalmologists n
oftailmeolaí
A medical doctor specializing in the eye: deficiencies of vision requiring correction, and diseases. Compare optometrist.

ophthalmology /ˌɒfθælˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɒfθə(l)ˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɒpθælˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɒpθə(l)ˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ ophthalmologies n
oftailmeolaíocht
(medicine) The anatomy, functions, pathology, and treatment of the eye.

opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ opinions n
tuairim meas barúil
A belief, judgment or perspective that a person has formed, either through objective or subjective reasoning, about a topic, issue, person or thing.

opinionated /əˈpɪn.jə.neɪ.tɪd/ /əˈpɪn.jə.næɪ.tɪd/ [əˈpɪn.jə.neɪ.ɾɪd] more opinionated most opinionated adj
amhrasach
Having very strong opinions.

opiomaniac opiomaniacs n
andúileach codlaidín
An opium addict.

opium /ˈoʊ.pi.əm/ /ˈəʊ.pi.əm/ opia opiums n
óipiam
(uncountable) A yellow-brown, addictive narcotic drug obtained from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine.

opium poppy opium poppies n
lus an chodlata
Papaver somniferum, the species of plant from which opium and poppy seeds are extracted.

opossum /əˈpɑsəm/ /əˈpɒsəm/ /ˈpɑsəm/ opossums n
apasam
Any American marsupial of the family Didelphidae. The common species of the United States is Didelphis virginiana.

opportune more opportune most opportune adj
tráthúil ócáideach
At a convenient or advantageous time.

opportuneness n
tráthúlacht
the state or condition of being opportune

opportunist /ˌɒpə(ɹ)ˈtjuːnɪst/ opportunists n
brabúsaí
Someone who takes advantage of any opportunity to advance their own situation, placing expediency above principle.

opportunity /-ˈt͡ʃuː-/ /ˌɑpɚˈt(j)unəti/ /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtɪ/ [-ɾi] opportunities n
faill deis
A chance for advancement, progress or profit.

opposed /əˈpoʊzd/ /əˈpəʊzd/ adj
i gcoinne in aghaidh
Acting in opposition; opposing.

opposite /ˈɑp(ə)sɪt/ /ˈɑpəzɪt/ /ˈɒpəsɪt/ /ˈɒpəzɪt/ adj
urchomhaireach
Located directly across from something else, or from each other.

opposite /ˈɑp(ə)sɪt/ /ˈɑpəzɪt/ /ˈɒpəsɪt/ /ˈɒpəzɪt/ preposition
ar aghaidh
Facing, or across from.

opposition /ˌɑ.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ /ˌɒp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/ oppositions n
urchomhaireacht
(astronomy) The apparent relative position of two celestial bodies when one is at an angle of 180 degrees from the other as seen from the Earth.

oppression /əˈpɹɛʃən/ oppressions n
ansmacht cos ar bolg leatrom
The exercise of authority or power in a burdensome, cruel, or unjust manner.
ansmacht leatrom
The act of oppressing, or the state of being oppressed.

oppressive /əˈpɹɛs.ɪv/ more oppressive most oppressive adj
aintréan
anfhorlannach tíoránta
Tyrannical or exercising unjust power.

opprobrium /əˈpɹoʊ.bɹi.ə/ /əˈpɹoʊ.bɹi.əm/ /əˈpɹəʊ.bɹɪ.ə/ /əˈpɹəʊ.bɹɪ.əm/ opprobria opprobriums n
masla
Scornful contempt or reproach; (countable) an instance of this.

optic /ˈɑp.tɪk/ /ˈɒp.tɪk/ adj
optach
(relational) Of, or relating to the eye or to vision.
optaice
(optics, relational) Of, or relating to optics or optical instruments.

optical /ˈɑptɪkəl/ /ˈɒptɪkəl/ more optical most optical adj
optúil

optical double optical doubles n
réalta dhúbailte optúil
(star) A star that appears as a double due to an optical illusion; in reality, the stars may be far apart from each other.

optician opticians n
radharceolaí
A person who makes, dispenses or sells lenses, spectacles.

optics /ˈɑptɪks/ /ˈɒptɪks/ n
optaic radharceolaíocht
(physics) The physics of light and vision: basic optical science.

opto- prefix
opta-

optometrist /ɑpˈtɑmətɹɪst/ /ɒpˈtɒmətɹɪst/ optometrists n
optaiméadraí radharceolaí oftalmach
A person trained and skilled in examining and testing the eyes for defects, in order to prescribe corrective lenses or treatment.

optometry n
optaiméadracht
The art and science of vision and eye care.

or /ɑɹ/ /ɔɹ/ /ɔː(ɹ)/ /ə/ /əɹ/ /ɚ/ conjunction
nó
(logic) An operator denoting the disjunction of two propositions or truth values. There are two forms, the inclusive or and the exclusive or.
Otherwise (a consequence of the condition that the previous is false).

or so phraseologicalUnit
nó faoin tuairim sin
Roughly, approximately.

oracle /ˈɒɹəkəl/ /ˈɔɹəkəl/ oracles n
aitheascal
oracal
A shrine dedicated to some prophetic deity.
A person such as a priest through whom the deity is supposed to respond with prophecy or advice.
A prophetic response, often enigmatic or allegorical, so given.
saineolaí saoi
A person considered to be a source of wisdom.

oral cavity oral cavities n
cuas an bhéil
(anatomy) The cavity of the mouth, especially the part of the mouth behind the gums and teeth that is bounded above by the hard and soft palates and below by the tongue and by the mucous membrane connecting it with the inner part of the mandible.

oral sex n
gnéas béil
Stimulation of another person's genitals or anus using the mouth.

oral test n
béaltriail scrúdú béil
(This entry is a translation hub.)

oral tradition oral traditions n
béalaireacht
Cultural material transmitted orally from one generation to another.

orality oralities n
béalaireacht
The state of being oral

orange /ˈɑɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɨnd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɨnʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ɪ̈ŋʒ/ /ˈɔɹnd͡ʒ/ more orange most orange oranger orangest adj
oráiste flannbhuí
Having the colour of the fruit of an orange tree; yellowred; reddish-yellow.

orange /ˈɑɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɨnd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɨnʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ɪ̈ŋʒ/ /ˈɔɹnd͡ʒ/ oranges n
crann oráistí
(countable) An evergreen tree of the genus Citrus such as Citrus sinensis which yields oranges (the fruit).
oráiste
(countable) Any round citrus fruit with a yellow-red colour when ripe and a sour-sweet taste; the fruit of the orange tree.
oráiste flannbhuí dath oráiste
(uncountable) An orange-coloured and orange-flavoured cordial.
(uncountable) An orange-coloured and orange-flavoured soft drink.

orange juice orange juices n
sú oráiste
The juice of squeezed oranges; used as a beverage or in cocktails.

orangutan /oʊˈɹæŋ-/ /ɔəˌɹæŋuːˈtæn/ /ɔˈɹæŋ.ʊˌtæn/ /əˈɹæŋ.əˌtæn/ /əˈɹæŋ.əˌtæŋ/ /əˈɹæŋˌə.tæŋ/ /əˈɹæŋˌə.tɛːŋ/ /əˌɹæŋ.uːˈtæn/ /əˌɹæŋ.uːˈtæŋ/ /ˌɔə.ɹæŋˈuː.tæn/ orangutans n
órang-útan
Any of three species of arboreal anthropoid ape, characterised by their shaggy reddish-brown coat and long arms, which comprise the genus Pongo; Pongo pygmaeus of Borneo, Pongo abelii of Sumatra or Pongo tapanuliensis of South Tapanuli (in Sumatra).

orator /ˈɑɹ.ə.tɚ/ /ˈɒ.ɹə.tə(ɹ)/ orators n
óráidí
Someone who orates or delivers an oration.

oratorio oratorios n
oratóir
(music) A musical composition, often based on a religious theme; similar to opera but with no costume, scenery or acting.

oratory /ˈɒɹət(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɔ.ɹə.tɔ.ɹi/ n
aireagal séipéilín
A private chapel or prayer room. [from 14th c.]
óráidíocht
The art of public speaking, especially in a formal, expressive, or forceful manner. [from 16th c.]

orbit /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/ /ˈɔː.bɪt/ v
fithisigh
(astronomy) To circle or revolve around another object or position.

orbital /ɔɹ.bət.l̩/ /ɔː.bɪt.l̩/ /ɔː.bɪt.əl/ orbitals n
fithiseán
(physics) A specification of the energy and probability density of one or more electrons at any point in an atom or molecule, and can be represented as a wave function.

orchard /ˈɔɹ.t͡ʃɚd/ /ˈɔː.tʃəd/ orchards n
úllord
A garden or an area of land for the cultivation of fruit or nut trees.

orchestra /ˈɔɹkəstɹə/ /ˈɔːkəstɹə/ orchestrae orchestras n
ceolfhoireann
(music) A large group of musicians who play together on various instruments, usually including some from strings, woodwind, brass and/or percussion; the instruments played by such a group.

orchid /ˈɔɹ.kɪd/ /ˈɔː.kɪd/ orchids n
lus na magairlí magairlín
A plant of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), bearing unusually-shaped flowers of beautiful colours. [mid-19th c.]

order /ˈɔɹdɚ/ /ˈɔːdə(r)/ /ˈɔːdə/ [ˈɔɹɾɚ] orders n
bail
(countable) Arrangement, disposition, or sequence.
(countable) A position in an arrangement, disposition, or sequence.

order /ˈɔɹdɚ/ /ˈɔːdə(r)/ /ˈɔːdə/ [ˈɔɹɾɚ] v
ordaigh
(transitive) To issue a command to.

order of knighthood orders of knighthood n
ord ridireachta
An order which (at least mainly) consists of members who receive and/or most have the knighthood, hence constitutes an honorific brotherhood (in modern times often open to both genders, in rare cases a sisterhood) of knights (and/or, as female equivalent, dames). The hierarchical structure, purpose, activities (in many cases rare and mainly ceremonious), titles and insignia vary widely.

order of magnitude orders of magnitude n
ord méadaíochta
(mathematics) The class of scale or magnitude of any amount, where each class contains values of a fixed ratio (most often 10) to the class preceding it.

orderliness /ˈɔːdəlɪnəs/ orderlinesses n
innealtacht ordúlacht
The fact of having a regular, proper and systematic arrangement.

ordinal number ordinal numbers n
orduimhir
(grammar) A word that expresses the relative position of an item in a sequence.
(arithmetic) A natural number used to denote position in a sequence.
(set theory) Such a number generalised to correspond to any cardinal number (the size of some set); formally, the order type of some well-ordered set of some cardinality a, which represents an equivalence class of well-ordered sets (exactly those of cardinality a) under the equivalence relation "existence of an order-preserving bijection".

ordinance /ˈoɹdnəns/ /ˈoɹdɪnəns/ /ˈɔːdnəns/ /ˈɔːdɪnəns/ ordinances n
reacht
An edict or decree, authoritative order.

ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ /ˈɔːdənɹi/ /ˈɔːdɪnəɹi/ more ordinary most ordinary adj
coitianta gnách gnáth- normálta
Being part of the natural order of things; normal, customary, routine.

ordure /-d͡ʒə/ /ˈɔɹd͡ʒʊɹ/ /ˈɔːdj(ʊ)ə/ ordures n
garr salachar
Dung, excrement.

ore /o(ː)ɹ/ /oə/ /ɔɹ/ /ɔː/ ores n
mianach
Rock or other material that contains valuable or utilitarian materials; primarily a rock containing metals or gems for which it is typically mined and processed.

oregano /ɒɹɪˈɡɑːnəʊ/ /əˈɹɛɡənoʊ/ /əˈɹɛɡənəʊ/ oreganos n
máirtín fiáin oragán
The leaves of these plants used in flavouring food.

orf /ɔːf/ n
salachar béil
(medicine) An exanthemous disease caused by a parapox virus, occurring primarily in sheep and goats but also capable of infecting humans.

organ /ˈɔɹɡən/ /ˈɔːɡən/ organs n
orgán
(musical instruments) A musical instrument that has multiple pipes which play when a key is pressed (the pipe organ), or an electronic instrument designed to replicate such.

organ loft organ lofts n
lochta orgáin
The gallery or raised platform within a church or hall from which an organ is played, though not necessarily housing the organ itself.

organelle /ˌɔɹ.ɡənˈɛl/ organelles n
orgánaid
(cytology) A specialized structure found inside cells that carries out a specific life process (e.g. ribosomes, vacuoles).

organic /ɔɹˈɡænɪk/ /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ more organic most organic adj
orgánach
(biology) Pertaining to or derived from living organisms. [from 1778]
(physiology, medicine) Pertaining to an organ of the body of a living organism.
(chemistry) Relating to the compounds of carbon, relating to natural products.
(agriculture) Of food or food products, grown in an environment free from artificial agrichemicals, and possibly certified by a regulatory body. [from 1942]

organic chemistry n
ceimic orgánach
(chemistry) The chemistry of organic compounds (that is, chemical compounds with carbon atoms in a covalent bond).

organic compound organic compounds n
comhdhúil orgánach
(organic chemistry) Any compound containing carbon atoms covalently bound to other atoms.

organicism organicisms n
orgánachas
(philosophy) The treatment of society or the universe as if it were an organism.

organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ /ˈɔː.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ organisms n
orgánach
Something with many separate interdependent parts, seen as being like a living thing; an organic system. [from 18th c.]

organist organists n
orgánaí
A musician who plays the organ.

organization /ˌɔɹɡnɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɔɹɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɔɹɡənɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɔɹˈɡænɪzeɪʃən/ /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ organizations n
eagraíocht
(countable) A group of people or other legal entities with an explicit purpose and written rules.
(countable) A group of people consciously cooperating.

organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənaɪˈzeɪʃənəl/ /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/ adj
eagraíochtúil
Of, relating to, or produced by an organization.

organizer /ˈɔɹɡənaɪzɚ/ organizers n
dialann
(computing) A hand-held micro-computer that will perform specific tasks; can be used as an electronic diary, alarm clock, recorder of memos and notes, a portable database etc.

organoleptic /ɔː(ɹ)ˌɡænəʊˈlɛptɪk/ adj
orgánaileipteach

orgasm /ˈoɹ.ɡæ.zəm/ /ˈɔːɡaz(ə)m/ orgasms n
súnás
A rush of sexual excitement; now specifically, the climax or peak of sexual pleasure, which occurs during sexual activity and which in males may include ejaculation and in females vaginal contractions. [from 18th c.]

orientalism orientalisms n
oirthearachas
(arts, architecture, literature) The tendency to represent eastern subjects, to assume stylistical characteristics original of the East.

orienteering n
rianadóireacht
(sport) The act of racing across unfamiliar place using a map and compass.

orifice /ˈɒɹɪfɪs/ /ˈɔɹəfɪs/ orifices n
béal oscailt poll
A mouth or aperture, such as of a tube, pipe, etc.; an opening.

origami /ˌɒɹɪˈɡɑːmɪ/ /ˌɔɹəˈɡɑmi/ [ˌɔɹɪ̈ˈɡɑmi] origamis n
oragámaí
(uncountable) The Japanese art of paper folding.

origin /ˈɑɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɒɹ.ə.d͡ʒən/ /ˈɒɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɔɹ.d͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɔɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ origins n
foinse bunús máthair
The beginning of something.
foinse
The source of a river, information, goods, etc.
bunphointe
(mathematics) The point at which the axes of a coordinate system intersect.
bunús
(in the plural) Ancestry.

original sin original sins n
peaca an tsinsir
(Christianity) The state of sinfulness, present in each human from birth, which is a result of Adam's disobedience.

originality /əˌɹɪd͡ʒɪˈnælɪti/ originalities n
bunúlacht

originator /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪtə/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪtɚ/ originators n
tionscnóir údar
Someone who originates, creates or founds something.

oriole /ˈɔɹ.iˌoʊl/ /ˈɔː.ɹiːˌəʊl/ orioles n
óiréal
Any of various colourful passerine birds, the New World orioles from the family Icteridae and the Old World orioles from the family Oriolidae.

orlop orlops n
deic íochtair
(nautical) The platform over the hold of a ship that makes up the fourth or lowest deck, hence in full called orlop deck, especially of a warship.

ornament /ˈɔɹnəmənt/ /ˈɔɹnəˌmɛnt/ /ˈɔː(ɹ)nəmənt/ /ˈɔː(ɹ)nəˌmɛnt/ ornaments n
breáthán feathal gréas imdhéanamh oirnimint ornáid
An element of decoration; that which embellishes or adorns.
maisiúchán ornáid
(music) A musical flourish that is unnecessary to the overall melodic or harmonic line, but serves to decorate that line.

ornament /ˈɔɹnəmənt/ /ˈɔɹnəˌmɛnt/ /ˈɔː(ɹ)nəmənt/ /ˈɔː(ɹ)nəˌmɛnt/ v
gréasaigh
To decorate.

ornamental /ˌɔɹnəˈmɛntl/ /ˌɔːnəˈmɛntl/ more ornamental most ornamental adj
gréagáin ornáideach
Serving as an ornament; having no purpose other than to make more beautiful.

ornamentation ornamentations n
eagrú gréasú maisiú oirniú
The act or process of decorating etc.

ornithological adj
éaneolaíoch
of or pertaining to ornithology

ornithologist ornithologists n
éaneolaí
A person who studies or practices ornithology.

ornithology ornithologies n
éaneolaíocht
The branch of zoology that deals with the scientific study of birds.

orogenesis orogeneses n
oraigineas
(geology) The process of mountain formation by deformation of the Earth's crust.

orogenic /ɒɹə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk/ more orogenic most orogenic adj
oraigineach

orogeny /ɒˈɹɒdʒɪni/ /əˈɹɒdʒɪni/ orogenies n
oraigineas
(geology) The process of mountain building by the upward folding of the Earth's crust.

orographic adj
oragrafach
Of or pertaining to the physical features of mountains, or to orography

orography /ɒˈɹɒɡɹəfi/ orographies n
oragrafaíocht
(geomorphology) the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains

orology n
oireolaíocht
(geomorphology, obsolete, rare) The study or science of mountains and their formation.

oropharynx oropharynges oropharynxes n
béalfharaing
(anatomy) The oral part of the pharynx, reaching from the uvula to the level of the hyoid bone.

orphan /ˈɔɹfən/ /ˈɔːfən/ /ˈɔːɹfənt/ orphans n
dílleachta aindílleachta tachrán
A person, especially a minor, both or (rarely) one of whose parents have died.

orphanage /ˈɔː(ɹ)fənɪd͡ʒ/ orphanages n
dílleachtlann
A residential institution for the care and protection of orphans.

orpine /ˈɔːp(ʌ)ɪn/ orpines n
tóirpín
Any of several temperate succulent plants of the family Crassulaceae, that have clusters of purple flowers, especially Hylotelephium telephium.

orrery /ˈɑɹ.ə.ɹi/ /ˈɒɹ.ə.ɹi/ /ˈɔɹ.ə.ɹi/ orreries n
oraire
A clockwork model of any given solar system.

orthochromatic adj
ortacrómatach
Being uniformly sensitive across the entire visible range, and thus reproducing colours faithfully

orthoclase orthoclases n
ortaclás
(mineral) Potassium aluminum silicate, KAlSi3O8, a common feldspar of igneous, plutonic, and metamorphic rocks. Orthoclase is the main feldspar of pegmatite occurrences, where it is most commonly flesh-colored. Orthoclase is used in the ceramic and glass industries and as a decorative gravel.

orthodox /ˈɔɹθədɑks/ /ˈɔːθədɒks/ more orthodox most orthodox adj
ceartchreidmheach ortadocsach
Conforming to the accepted, established, or traditional doctrines of a given faith, religion, or ideology. [from 15th c.]

orthodoxy /ˈɔɹθədɑksi/ /ˈɔːɹθədɑːksi/ /ˈɔːθədɒksi/ orthodoxies n
ceartchreideamh ceartchreidmheacht ortadocsacht
Correctness in doctrine and belief.

orthodromic adj
ortadromach
Passing along neurological impulses in a normal (expected) direction. (of neurons)

orthogonal /ɔɹˈθɑɡ.ə.nəl/ /ɔːˈθɒɡ.ə.nəl/ adj
dronuilleach ingearach ortagánach
(geometry) Of two objects, at right angles; perpendicular to each other.
Of a pair of elements in an ortholattice: each less than or equal to the orthocomplement of the other.
ingearach ortagánach
(mathematics)
(statistics) Statistically independent, with reference to variates.
(software engineering) Of two or more aspects of a problem, able to be treated separately; of a design, exhibiting consistency and composability.

orthogonality n
ortagánacht
(mathematics, statistics, software engineering) The property of being orthogonal.

orthographic /ˌɔːɹθəˈɡɹæfɪk/ /ˌɔːθəˈɡɹæfɪk/ adj
ortagrafach
Of, or relating to, orthography.

orthography /ɔɹˈθɑɡɹəfi/ /ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi/ orthographies n
ortagrafaíocht
(countable) A method of representing a language or the sounds of language by written symbols; spelling.
(uncountable) Correct spelling according to established usage; also (obsolete) pronunciation according to the spelling of a word.
(uncountable) The aspect of language study concerned with letters and their sequences in words; the study of spelling.

orthopedic more orthopedic most orthopedic adj
ortaipéideach
Of, or relating to orthopedics.

orthopedics /ˌɔɹθəˈpidɪks/ /ˌɔːθəˈpiːdɪks/ n
ortaipéide
(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the prevention or correction of disorders of the bones and associated muscles and joints

orthopedist orthopedists n
máinlia ortaipéideach ortaipéidí
(medicine) A surgeon who specializes in orthopedics.

orthophotography n
ortafótagrafaíocht
(photography) Geometrical correction of aerial photographs so that displayed distances are uniform and can be measured like a map.

oryx /ˈoʊɹ.ɪks/ /ˈɔɹ.ɪks/ oryges oryx oryxes n
oracs
Any of several antelopes, of the genus Oryx, native to Africa, which have long, straight horns

oscillate /ˈɑsɪleɪt/ v
ascalaigh
(intransitive) To swing back and forth, especially if with a regular rhythm.

osculum oscula n
óisín
(zoology) The main opening in a sponge from which water is expelled.

osier /ˈoʊʒəɹ/ /ˈəʊzɪə/ /ˈəʊʒə/ osiers n
saileánach
(countable, uncountable) Long, pliable twigs of this plant, or of other similar plants.

osmium /ˈɑz.mi.əm/ /ˈɒz.mi.əm/ osmiums n
oismiam
A chemical element (symbol Os) with atomic number 76: a hard, brittle, heavy, bluish-white transition metal found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores.

osmolality osmolalities n
osmalálacht
(chemistry) The molality of an ideal solution that would exert the same osmotic pressure as the solution being considered.

osmosis /ɑsˈmoʊsɪs/ /ɑzˈmoʊsɪs/ /ɒsˈməʊsɪs/ /ɒzˈməʊsɪs/ osmoses n
osmóis
(chemistry) The net movement of solvent molecules, usually water, from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration through a partially permeable membrane.

osmotic /ɑsˈmɑtɪk/ /ɑzˈmɑtɪk/ /ɒsˈmɒtɪk/ /ɒzˈmɒtɪk/ adj
osmóiseach
Relating to, or powered by, osmosis.

osprey /ˈɑspɹi/ /ˈɒspɹeɪ/ ospreys n
coirneach iascaire coirneach
A bird of prey (Pandion haliaetus) that feeds on fish and has white underparts and long, narrow wings each ending in four finger-like extensions.

ossiferous more ossiferous most ossiferous adj
cnámhar
containing or yielding bone

ossification /ˌɑsəfəˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌɒsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/ ossifications n
cnámhú
The normal process by which bone is formed.

ostensibly /ɑːˈstɛn.sə.bli/ /ɒˈstɛn.sə.bli/ /ɒˈstɛn.sɪ.bli/ adv
de réir cosúlachta de réir dealraimh
(modal) Seemingly, apparently, on the surface.

ostentation /ˌɒstənˈteɪʃən/ ostentations n
mustar
Ambitious display; vain show; display intended to excite admiration or applause.

ostentatious /ˌɒs.tənˈteɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌɒs.tɛnˈteɪ.ʃəs/ more ostentatious most ostentatious adj
gáifeach mustrach taibhseach
Of ostentation.
Intended to attract notice.
Of tawdry display; kitsch.

osteo- /ɑstioʊ̯/ prefix
oisté-
bone

osteoarthritis osteoarthritides osteoarthritises n
oisté-airtríteas
(pathology) A form of arthritis, affecting mainly older people, caused by chronic degeneration of the cartilage and synovial membrane of the joints, leading to pain and stiffness.

osteoblast osteoblasts n
oistéablast
(biology, cytology) A mononucleate cell from which bone develops.

osteocalcin osteocalcins n
oistéacailcin
(organic compound, biochemistry) A protein, found in bone and dentin and manufactured by osteoblasts, that plays a role in mineralization and calcium ion homeostasis.

osteoclast osteoclasts n
oistéaclast
(physiology, cytology) A large multinuclear cell associated with the resorption of bone.

osteogenesis osteogeneses n
oistéigineas
(physiology) The formation and development of bone.

osteologist osteologists n
oisté-eolaí
A scientist or physician whose speciality is osteology.

osteomalacia osteomalacias n
oistéamalaice
(medicine) A softening of adult bones due to inadequate mineralization; the adult equivalent of rickets

osteomyelitis osteomyelites osteomyelitides osteomyelitises n
oistéimiailíteas
(pathology) An infection of the bone

osteopath osteopaths n
oistéapat
(alternative medicine) A non-physician healthcare practitioner who practices osteopathy by manipulating the skeleton and muscles. Not to be confused with Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) (also known as osteopathic physicians) who are full physicians like Doctors of Medicine (M.D.).

osteopathy osteopathies n
oistéapaite
(alternative medicine) The branch of therapy based on manipulation of bones and muscles.

osteopenia osteopenias n
oistéipéine
The medical condition of having low bone density, but not low enough to be considered osteoporosis.

osteoporosis /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈɹəʊsɪs/ osteoporoses n
oistéapóróis
(pathology) A disease, occurring especially in women following menopause, in which the bones become extremely porous and are subject to fracture.

osteotomy osteotomies n
oistéatóime
(surgery) The surgical procedure of cutting a bone. This is often performed to either lengthen, shorten, or straighten a bone.

ostrich /ˈɑs.tɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɑs.tɹɪt͡ʃ/ /ˈɒs.tɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒs.tɹɪt͡ʃ/ /ˈɔs.tɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔs.tɹɪt͡ʃ/ ostriches n
ostrais struth struth-chamhall
(ornithology) A large flightless bird of the genus Struthio.

other /ʊðə/ /ˈɐðə/ /ˈʊðəɹ/ /ˈʌðə/ /ˈʌðəɹ/ /ˈʌðɚ/ adj
eile
See other (determiner) below.
(obsolete) Left, as opposed to right.

other /ʊðə/ /ˈɐðə/ /ˈʊðəɹ/ /ˈʌðə/ /ˈʌðəɹ/ /ˈʌðɚ/ determiner
eile
Not the one or ones previously referred to.

other than preposition
diomaite de seachas
(idiomatic) Except, besides.

otherness othernesses n
eachtarthacht eileacht
(uncountable) The quality of being different or distinct.
(countable) The result or product of being different or distinct.

others /ˈʌðəz/ /ˈʌðɚz/ n
an mhuintir eile
Other people.

otolaryngology /ˌoʊtoʊˌlɛɹɪŋˈɡɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɑtoʊ-/ /ˌəʊtə(ʊ)ˌlæɹɪŋˈɡɒləd͡ʒi/ n
otairinealaraingeolaíocht
(medicine) The study of diseases of the ear, nose and throat.

otologist /əʊˈtɒlədʒɪst/ otologists n
cluaslia
A doctor specializing in otology. [from 19th c.]

otology /oʊˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ otologies n
oiteolaíocht
(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the ear, its structure, function and pathology.

otter /ˈɑtɚ/ /ˈɒt.ə/ [(ʔ)ɑɾɚ] otters n
dobharchú cú dobhráin madra uisce dobhrán
An aquatic or marine carnivorous mammal in the subfamily Lutrinae of the family Mustelidae, which also includes weasels, polecats, badgers, and others.

ottoman /ˈɑtəmən/ /ˈɒtəmən/ ottomans n
otamán
(furniture) A low stool or thick cushion used to rest the feet or as a seat.

ounce /aʊns/ ounces n
uinge unsa
An avoirdupois ounce, weighing 1⁄16 of an avoirdupois pound, or 28.349523125 grams.

our /aː(r)/ /aː(ɹ)/ /æʊ(ə)/ /ɐwə(r)/ /ɐʋə(r)/ /ɐː/ /ɑɹ/ /ɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈaʊə(ɹ)/ /ˈaʊɚ/ [ɑɹ] [ɑ˞] determiner
ár
Belonging to us.

ourselves /aʊəˈsɛlvz/ /aʊɚˈsɛlvz/ /ɑɹˈsɛlvz/ /ɑːˈsɛlvz/ pronoun
sinn féin
(reflexive pronoun) Us; the group including the speaker as the object of a verb or preposition when that group also is the subject.
(emphatic) We; intensifies the subject as the group including the speaker, especially to indicate that no one else satisfies the predicate.

out /aʊt/ /æɔt/ /æʊt/ /ɘʉt/ /ʌʊt/ adv
amach amuigh
Specifically, away from home or one's usual place.
(sports) Of the ball or other playing implement, so as to pass or be situated beyond the bounds of the playing area.
as
Into a state of non-operation or non-existence.

out /aʊt/ /æɔt/ /æʊt/ /ɘʉt/ /ʌʊt/ preposition
as
From the inside to the outside of; out of. [from 14th c.]

out loud adv
os ard
(idiomatic) Using the voice; not silently; aloud.

out of /ˈaʊt əv/ /ˈaʊtə/ preposition
as
From the inside to the outside of. [from 5th c.]

out of sight adj
as amharc
(literally) Not accessible to view.

out of sight, out of mind proverb
seachnaíonn súil ní nach bhfeiceann
When something is not nearby, it is forgotten about.

out of the frying pan, into the fire
amach as na muineacha is isteach sna driseacha ón tine chun na gríosaí
(idiomatic) Move or get from an already bad situation to a worse one; end up in a worse situation when trying to escape from a bad or difficult one.

out-and-out adj
amach is amach
Complete, utter.

outback outbacks n
iargúil
(Australia) The most remote and desolate areas of Australia; the desert and areas too arid for growing crops.

outboard motor outboard motors n
inneall crochta
A detachable and pivotable propulsion unit fitted over the transom of a boat, comprising an engine that drives a propeller.

outbreak /ˈaʊtbɹeɪk/ outbreaks n
ráig
An eruption; the sudden appearance of a rash, disease, etc.
(figurative) An outburst or sudden eruption, especially of violence and mischief.

outcast /aʊtˈkæst/ /aʊtˈkɑːst/ /ˈaʊtkæst/ /ˈaʊtkɑːst/ outcasts n
díbeartach
One that has been excluded from a society or system, a pariah, a leper. [from 14th c.]

outer /ˈaʊtə/ /ˈaʊtɚ/ [ˈaʊɾɚ] outermore outermost adj
imeachtrach
Outside; external.

outer ear outer ears n
chluas sheachtrach
(anatomy) The outer portion of the ear which includes the auricle/pinna and the ear canal and leads to the eardrum.

outer garment outer garments n
éadach imeachtair
An item of clothing normally worn outdoors as the outermost layer of clothing.

outerwear outerwears n
éadaí imeachtair
Clothing (such as a dress) worn over one's underwear.

outgassing outgassings n
sceitheadh gáis
The slow release of gas from a solid or liquid; especially, the release of gases into the atmosphere of a planet, or the release of gases from plastic parts.

outlay /aʊtˈleɪ/ /ˈaʊtleɪ/ outlays n
costas
The spending of money, or an expenditure.

outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ outlines n
imchruth

outlook /ˈaʊtˌlʊk/ /ˌaʊtˈlʊk/ outlooks n
mana
An attitude or point of view.

outpost /ˈaʊtˌpoʊst/ outposts n
urphost
A military post stationed at a distance from the main body of troops.

output /ˈaʊtpʊt/ outputs n
aschur
(computing) Data sent out of the computer, as to output device such as a monitor or printer, or data sent from one program on the computer to another.
aschur táirgeacht
(economics) Production; quantity produced, created, or completed.

output /ˈaʊtpʊt/ v
aschuir
(computing) To send data out of a computer, as to an output device such as a monitor or printer, or to send data from one program on the computer to another.

outrage /ˈaʊt.ɹeɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈaʊt.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ outrages n
feillbheart
An offensive, immoral or indecent act.
fearg uafás
The resentful, indignant, or shocked anger aroused by such acts.

outrigger /ˈaʊtˌɹɪɡə/ /ˈaʊtˌɹɪɡɚ/ outriggers n
bíoma amuigh
(nautical) Any of various projecting beams or spars that provide support for a sailing ship's mast.

outside /aʊtˈsaɪd/ /ˈaʊt.saɪd/ more outside most outside adv
amuigh amach
To or in the outdoors or outside; to or in an area that is beyond the scope, limits, or borders of a given place.
faoin aer lasmuigh
Outdoors.

outside /aʊtˈsaɪd/ /ˈaʊt.saɪd/ outsides n
imeachtar
The part of something that faces out; the outer surface.
The space beyond some limit or boundary.
The side of a curved road, racetrack etc. that has the longer arc length; the side of a racetrack furthest from the interior of the course or some other point of reference.

outside /aʊtˈsaɪd/ /ˈaʊt.saɪd/ preposition
taobh amuigh de
On the outside of, not inside (something, such as a building).

outside of preposition
diomaite de
Aside from; besides.

outsider /ˌaʊtˈsaɪdəɹ/ outsiders n
coimhthíoch
One who is not part of a community or organization.

outskirts /ˈaʊtskɜːts/ /ˈaʊtskɝts/ n
ciumhais imeachtar
The area surrounding a city or town; suburb.

outstanding /ˌaʊtˈstæn.dɪŋ/ /ˌæɔtˈstæn.dɪŋ/ /ˌʌʊtˈstæn.dɪŋ/ more outstanding most outstanding adj
gan réiteach idir chamáin
Unresolved; not settled or finished.

outward /ˈaʊt.wəd/ /ˈaʊt.wɚd/ more outward most outward adv
amach
Towards the outside; away from the centre. [from 10th c.]

outwork /aʊtˈwɔːk/ /aʊtˈwɔːɹk/ /ˈaʊtwɔːk/ /ˈaʊtwɔːɹk/ outworks n
urtheach
(architecture, countable) A minor, subsidiary fortification built beyond the main limits of fortification.

oval /ˈoʊvəl/ /ˈəʊvəl/ more oval most oval adj
ubhchruthach ubhach
Having the shape of an oval.

oval /ˈoʊvəl/ /ˈəʊvəl/ ovals n
ubhchruth
An elongated round shape resembling an egg or ellipse.

ovarian /oʊˈvɛɹi.ən/ adj
ubhagánach
(medicine) Relating to the ovaries.

ovary /ˈoʊvəɹi/ /ˈəʊvəɹi/ ovaries n
ubhagán síollann
(anatomy) A female reproductive organ, often paired, that produces ova and in mammals secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

oven /ˈʌ.vn̩/ /ˈʌv.ən/ ovens n
oigheann
A chamber used for baking or heating.

oven glove oven gloves n
miotóg oighinn miteán oighinn
A heatproof glove designed to carry hot things to or from an oven.

ovenbird ovenbirds n
éan oighinn
An American warbler, Seiurus aurocapilla, that builds such a nest of vegetation.

over /ˈoʊ.vɚ/ /ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/ adj
thart ós cionn
Discontinued; ended or concluded.

over /ˈoʊ.vɚ/ /ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/ adv
arís
(US, usually, with do) Again; another time; once more; over again.

over /ˈoʊ.vɚ/ /ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/ preposition
ós cionn
On top of; above; higher than; further up.

over and above adv
de bhreis
Supplementarily.

over and above preposition
de bhreis ar
in addition to, supplementary to

overalls /ˈoʊvəɹɔːlz/ /ˈɐʉv(ə)ɹəlz/ n
forbhríste
(UK) A loose-fitting garment worn over regular clothes to protect them.
dungaraí
(US, Canada, Australia) Loose-fitting pants with supporting cross-straps and a panel of material in the chest (called a bib), often associated with farm work.

overambitious adj
aindréimeach
Excessively ambitious

overbearing more overbearing most overbearing adj
anúdarásach forbhríoch iomarcach stróinéiseach tiarnúil
Overly bossy, domineering, or arrogant.

overcast /ˈoʊvɚ.kæst/ /ˈəʊvəˌkɑːst/ /ˌoʊvɚˈkæst/ /ˌəʊvəˈkɑːst/ more overcast most overcast adj
duibheagánach modartha scamallach smúitiúil
Covered with clouds; overshadowed; darkened; (meteorology) more than 90% covered by clouds.

overcoat /ˈoʊvɚkoʊt/ /ˈəʊvəkəʊt/ overcoats n
casóg mhór cóta mór
A heavy garment worn over other clothes, for protection from cold or weather.

overcooked more overcooked most overcooked adj
róchócaráilte
Made unpalatable or inedible by cooking for too long.

overcurious more overcurious most overcurious adj
ainfhiosrach
Excessively curious

overexploitation n
dubhídiú dúshaothrú róshaothrú
Excessive and damaging exploitation.

overfall /oʊvɚˈfɔl/ /əʊvəˈfɔːl/ /ˈoʊvɚfɔl/ /ˈəʊvəfɔːl/ overfalls n
brachlainn bruth
A turbulent section of a body of water, caused by strong currents passing over submerged ridges.

overfishing overfishings n
ró-iascaireacht
Fishing that reduces the stock of remaining fish in an area to below that which is acceptable.

overhead projector overhead projectors n
osteilgeoir
A projector that projects an image over the heads of the viewers onto a screen in front of them.

overjoyed /ˌoʊvɚˈd͡ʒɔɪd/ /ˌəʊvəˈd͡ʒɔɪd/ more overjoyed most overjoyed adj
[[an-]]áthasach lúcháir a bheith ort
Very happy.

overload /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌləʊd/ /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈləʊd/ v
anluchtaigh
(intransitive) To fail due to excessive load.

overlord /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)lɔː(ɹ)d/ /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈlɔː(ɹ)d/ overlords n
ard-aire ardtiarna
A ruler of other rulers.

overlordship overlordships n
ard-aireacht ardcheannas ardtiarnas
The position or quality of being an overlord.

overly adv
ró-
(sometimes, proscribed) To an excessive degree.

overnourished /-nɝɪʃt/ /ˈoʊvɚnʌɹɪʃt/ /ˈəʊvənʌɹɪʃt/ more overnourished most overnourished adj
róchothaithe
Excessively nourished.

overpass /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈpæs/ /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈpɑːs/ /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)pæs/ /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)pɑːs/ overpasses n
uasbhealach
A section of a road or path that crosses over an obstacle, especially another road, railway, etc.

overproduction overproductions n
rótháirgeacht rótháirgeadh
The production of more of a commodity than can be used or sold.

overrepresentation overrepresentations n
ró-ionadaíocht
(uncountable) The condition of being overrepresented

overriding /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈɹaɪdɪŋ/ more overriding most overriding adj
dosháraithe

overripe more overripe most overripe adj
cianaibí críon-aibí
Excessively ripe; spoiled; gone bad.

overseas /ˌoʊvɚˈsiːz/ /ˌəʊvəˈsiːz/ adj
thar lear
Abroad.

overseas /ˌoʊvɚˈsiːz/ /ˌəʊvəˈsiːz/ adv
thar sáile
Abroad.
Across a sea; to an area across a sea.

overseer /ˈəʊvəˌsiːə(ɹ)/ overseers n
feighlí maor
One who oversees or supervises.

overshadow /ˌoʊ.vɚˈʃæd.oʊ/ /ˌəʊ.vəˈʃæd.əʊ/ v
scáil a chaitheamh ar
(transitive) To obscure something by casting a shadow.
sarú
(transitive) To dominate something and make it seem insignificant.

overshoe /ˈoʊvəɹˌʃuː/ overshoes n
forbhróg
A shoe worn over an ordinary shoe, as: [from 18th c.]

overshot /ˈoʊ.vɚˌʃɑt/ /ˈəʊ.vəˌʃɒt/ more overshot most overshot adj
uas-scairde
powered by water that flows over the top from above (of a water wheel)

overstimulation overstimulations n
róspreagthacht
Excessive stimulation.

overtake /oʊvɚˈteɪk/ /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈteɪk/ /ˈoʊvɚteɪk/ /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)teɪk/ v
tar suas
To pass a slower moving object or entity (on the side closest to oncoming traffic).

overview /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/ /ˈəʊ.vəˌvjuː/ overviews n
foramharc forbhreathnú léargas ginearálta osamharc
A brief summary, as of a book or a presentation.

overweening /oʊvɚˈwinɪŋ/ /əʊvəˈwiːnɪŋ/ more overweening most overweening adj
ainteann anuallach leitheadach ládasach mórchúiseach mórtasach
Unduly confident; arrogant.

overweight /ˈoʊvɚweɪt/ /ˈəʊvəweɪt/ /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/ /ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/ more overweight most overweight adj
róthrom
(of a person) Having a higher weight, especially body fat, than what is generally considered healthy for a given body type and height.
(transportation, legal, of a vehicle) Weighing more than what is allowed for safety or legal commerce.

oviduct /ˈɒvɪdʌkt/ oviducts n
ubhaducht
(anatomy) A duct through which an ovum passes from an ovary to the uterus or to the exterior.

oviparous /oʊˈvɪpəɹəs/ /əʊˈvɪpəɹəs/ adj
ubh-bhreitheach
Depositing eggs that develop and hatch outside the body as a reproductive strategy.

ovipositor /oʊvɪˈpɑzɪtɚ/ /əʊvɪˈpɒzɪtə/ ovipositors n
ubhlonnaitheoir
(zoology) A tubular protruding organ for laying eggs.

ovoviviparous /ˌoʊvoʊvɪˈvɪpəɹəs/ /ˌəʊvəʊvɪˈvɪpəɹəs/ adj
ubh-bheobhreitheach
Of or pertaining to such kind of animals such as some reptiles whose eggs hatch inside their body

ovulate /ˈɒvjʊleɪt/ /ˈɒvjʊlət/ v
ubhsceith
(intransitive) To produce eggs or ova.

ovulation /ɑvjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /ɒvjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ ovulations n
ubhsceitheadh
(physiology) The release of an ovum from an ovary.

ovum /ˈoʊ.vəm/ /ˈəʊ.vəm/ ova n
ubh ubhán
(cytology) The female gamete in animals; the egg cell.

owe /oʊ/ /əʊ/ v
bí ar
(ditransitive) To be under an obligation to give something back to someone or to perform some action for someone.
(intransitive) To have debt; to be in debt.

owl /aʊ(ə)l/ owls n
ulchabhán cailleach oíche
Any of various birds of prey of the order Strigiformes that are primarily nocturnal and have forward-looking, binocular vision, limited eye movement, and good hearing. [from 8th c.]

own /oʊn/ /uŋ/ /əʊn/ adj
féin
Belonging to; possessed; acquired; proper to; property of; titled to; held in one's name; under/using the name of. Often marks a possessive determiner as reflexive, referring back to the subject of the clause or sentence.

owner /ˈoʊnɚ/ /ˈəʊnə/ owners n
úinéir
One who owns something.

ownership /ˈoʊnɚʃɪp/ /ˈəʊnəʃɪp/ ownerships n
dílseacht úinéireacht
The state of having complete legal control of something; possession; proprietorship.

ox /ˈɑks/ /ˈɒks/ oxen oxes n
damh
An adult castrated male of cattle (B. taurus), especially when used as a beast of burden.

oxalate /ˈɒksəleɪt/ oxalates n
ocsaláit
(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of oxalic acid.

oxide /ˈɒksaɪd/ oxides n
ocsaíd
(chemistry) A binary chemical compound of oxygen with another chemical element.

oxidizing agent oxidizing agents n
oibreán ocsaídithe
(chemistry) Any substance that oxidizes, or receives electrons from, another; in so doing, it becomes reduced.

oxygen /ˈɒksɪd͡ʒən/ oxygens n
ocsaigin aer-beatha
The chemical element (symbol O) with an atomic number of 8 and relative atomic mass of 15.9994. It is a colorless and odorless gas.

oxygenate /ˈɒksɪdʒəneɪt/ v
ocsaiginigh
(transitive) To treat or infuse with oxygen.

oxyhaemoglobin oxyhaemoglobins n
ocsahaemaglóibin
(biochemistry) The form of haemoglobin, loosely combined with oxygen, present in arterial and capillary blood.

oyster /ˈɔɪstə/ /ˈɔɪstəɹ/ /ˈɔɪst͡ʃəɹ/ oysters n
oisre
Any of certain marine bivalve mollusks, especially those of the family Ostreidae (the true oysters), usually found adhering to rocks or other fixed objects in shallow water along the seacoasts, or in brackish water in the mouth of rivers.
(colloquial, by analogy) A person who keeps secrets.

oystercatcher /ˈɔɪstə.ˌkæt͡ʃə/ oystercatchers n
roilleach
Any of several black or pied coastal wading birds in the genus Haematopus that have a long red or orange bill and feed on shellfish.

ozone /ˈoʊzoʊn/ /ˈəʊzəʊn/ n
ózón
(inorganic chemistry) An allotrope of oxygen (symbol O₃) having three atoms in the molecule instead of the usual two; it is a toxic gas, generated from oxygen by electrical discharge.
(Britain, informal) Fresh air, especially that breathed at the seaside and smelling of seaweed.

p. pp. n
lch
Abbreviation of page.

pacemaker /ˈpeɪsˌmeɪkəɹ/ pacemakers n
séadaire
One who sets the pace in a race, to guide the others.
(hence, medicine) A medical implement that is used to stimulate a heart to beat by simulating the action of the natural pacemaker.

pacifier /ˈpæsɪfaɪə/ /ˈpæsɪfaɪɚ/ pacifiers n
gobán
(North America) A rubber or plastic device imitating a nipple that goes into a baby’s mouth, used to calm and quiet the baby. [from 20th c.]

pacifism /ˈpæsɪfɪzəm/ pacifisms n
síochánachas
The conviction that it is morally wrong to settle disputes (especially between countries) by war or other violent means. [from c. 1900]

pacifist /ˈpæsɪfɪst/ pacifists n
síochánaí
One who both abstains from inflicting violence on others and opposes others doing so.
One who loves, supports, or favours peace.
One who prefers to avoid violence in daily life.

pacify /ˈpæsəfaɪ/ /ˈpæsɪfaɪ/ v
ceansaigh
(transitive) To bring peace to (a place or situation), by ending war, fighting, violence, anger or agitation.

pack /pæk/ [pʰæk] packs n
paca
A bundle made up and prepared to be carried; especially, a bundle to be carried on the back, but also a load for an animal, a bale.
deic
A full set of playing cards

pack /pæk/ [pʰæk] v
pacáil
(transitive) To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely, as for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into.
(transitive) To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack

package /ˈpækɪd͡ʒ/ packages n
pacáiste
Something which is packed, a parcel, a box, an envelope.

package deal package deals n
beartmhargadh cuachmhargadh margadh pacáiste
A circumstance in which two or more items are provided together, especially if it is impossible to obtain one without also receiving the other.

paddle /ˈpæ.dəl/ /ˈpædl̩/ [ˈpʰæ.ɾɫ̩] paddles n
céasla
A two-handed implement consisting of a shaft with one or two blades attached to the end(s) used to propel a canoe, kayak or a small boat. A paddle is unattached to the boat and freely operated with the hands, compared with an oar which is attached to the boat at a pivot point.

paddle /ˈpæ.dəl/ /ˈpædl̩/ [ˈpʰæ.ɾɫ̩] v
céaslaigh
(transitive) To propel something through water with a paddle, oar, hands, etc.

paddleboat paddleboats n
bád rotha
(watercraft) A boat propelled by a paddle wheel

padlock /ˈpadˌlɒk/ padlocks n
glas crochta glas fraincín
A detachable lock that can be used to secure something by means of a sliding or hinged shackle

pagan /ˈpeɪɡən/ adj
págánach págánta
Relating to, characteristic of religions that differ from main world religions.

pagan /ˈpeɪɡən/ pagans n
págán págánach
A person not adhering to a main world religion; a follower of a pantheistic or nature-worshipping religion.

paganism /ˈpeɪɡənɪzm̩/ paganisms n
págántacht
Any of a class of religions often associated with nature rituals.

page /peɪd͡ʒ/ pages n
leathanach
(figurative) Any record or writing; a collective memory.
(computing) A screenful of text and possibly other content; especially, the digital simulation of one side of a paper leaf.

pailful pailfuls pailsful n
lán tobáin
The amount that fills, or would fill, a pail. [from 16th c.]

pain /peɪn/ pains n
pian
(countable, and, uncountable) An ache or bodily suffering, or an instance of this; an unpleasant sensation, resulting from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; hurt.
crá croí
(uncountable) The condition or fact of suffering or anguish especially mental, as opposed to pleasure; torment; distress
(countable, from, _, pain in the neck) An annoying person or thing.

painful /ˈpeɪn.fəl/ more painful most painful painfuller painfullest adj
léanmhar pianach pianmhar piantach piantúil pianúil
Causing pain or distress, either physical or mental. [from 14th c.]

painfulness painfulnesses n
dócúlacht leadarthaí nimhneachas peannaideacht pianmhaireacht
The state or quality of being painful, of causing pain.

painkiller /ˈpeɪnˌkɪlə(ɹ)/ painkillers n
pianmhúchán
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug that numbs the pain in the body.

paint /peɪnt/ v
péinteáil
(transitive) To apply paint to.
(transitive) To apply in the manner that paint is applied.
(transitive, medicine) To apply with a brush in order to treat some body part.

paintbrush /ˈpeɪntˌbɹʌʃ/ paintbrushes n
cleiteán scuab phéinte
A thin brush for applying paint.

painting /ˈpeɪn.tɪŋ/ paintings n
pictiúr péintéireacht
(countable) An illustration or artwork done with the use of paint.
péintéireacht péinteáil
(uncountable) The action of applying paint to a surface.

pair /peː/ /pɛ(ə)ɹ/ /pɛə(ɹ)/ pair pairs n
péire
Two similar or identical things taken together; often followed by of.
(cards) A poker hand that contains two cards of identical rank, which cannot also count as a better hand.
beirt
Two people in a relationship, partnership or friendship.
cuingir
A couple of working animals attached to work together, as by a yoke.

pair of compasses pairs of compasses n
compás
A tool for drawing accurate circles or circular arcs, or for measuring or transferring lengths, usually consisting of two arms joined with an adjustable hinge at one end; until the middle ages both arms always had metal points at their free ends (this version is now called a divider or pair of dividers), but in recent centuries for a device called a compass or pair of compasses, one arm typically holds a ruling pen, pencil, or some other implement for making marks.

pajamas /pəˈd͡ʒæ.məz/ /pəˈd͡ʒɑ.məz/ n
pitseámaí
Clothes for wearing to bed and sleeping in, usually consisting of a loose-fitting shirt and pants/trousers.

palace /ˈpæləs/ /ˈpælɪs/ palaces n
pálás
A large and lavishly ornate residence.

paladin /ˈpælədɪn/ paladins n
palaidín
A heroic champion, especially a knight.

palaeoaeolian more palaeoaeolian most palaeoaeolian adj
pailé-aeólach
(geomorphology, climatology) Relating to, or caused by, ancient winds

palaeogeography n
pailéigeografaíocht
The study of historical geography — of the (chiefly physical, but sometimes political/cultural) geography of the world in the geologic past.

palatal /pəˈleɪtl̩/ /ˈpælətl̩/ more palatal most palatal adj
carballach pailitiúil
(phonetics) Articulated at the hard palate.

palatalised more palatalised most palatalised adj
caol
(phonetics, phonology, chiefly, British) Having undergone palatalisation.

palatalization /ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌpælətəlɪˈzeɪʃən/ palatalizations n
caoile
(phonology, uncountable) The state or quality of being palatalized, of pronouncing a sound with the tongue against the palate of the mouth that normally is not.
caolú
(phonology, countable) An instance of pronunciation in which a sound is palatalized.

palate /ˈpæl.ət/ palates n
carball
(anatomy) The roof of the mouth, separating the cavities of the mouth and nose in vertebrates. [from 14th c.]

palaver /pəˈlɑː.və(ɹ)/ palavers n
suainseán
(North America, archaic, _, in Britain) Talk, especially unnecessary talk; chatter. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
plámás
Talk intended to deceive. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

pale /peɪl/ [pʰeəɫ] [pʰeɪ̯ɫ] pales n
cuaille
(heraldiccharge) A vertical band down the middle of a shield.

paleo- /-oʊ/ /ˈpeɪ.li.ə/ /ˈpeɪ.li.əʊ/ /ˈpæl.i.ə/ /ˈpæl.i.əʊ/ prefix
pailé-
Old; ancient or primitive
Related to paleontology.

paleobiogeography n
pailéibhithgheografaíocht
The scientific study of the prehistoric distribution of plants and animals.

paleobotany paleobotanies n
pailéa-luibheolaíocht
The branch of paleontology that deals with the study of plant fossils. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

paleoecology paleoecologies n
pailé-éiceolaíocht

paleographer paleographers n
pailéagrafaí
a person skilled in paleography

paleographic adj
pailéagrafach
Of or pertaining to paleography.

paleontology /ˌpeɪli.ənˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌpeɪli.ənˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ /ˌpæli.ənˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ n
pailé-ointeolaíocht
(American spelling) Study of the forms of life existing in prehistoric or geologic times, especially as represented by fossils.

paleotechnic adj
pailéiteicniúil
Relating to ancient art.

paleozoology n
pailé-zóeolaíocht
(zoology) The branch of zoology dealing with fossils, and the creatures that were transformed into them

palindrome /ˈpælɪndɹoʊm/ /ˈpælɪndɹəʊm/ palindromes n
palandróm
A word, phrase, number or any other sequence of units which has the property of reading the same forwards as it does backwards, character for character, sometimes disregarding punctuation, capitalization and diacritics.

pall /pɑl/ /pɔl/ /pɔːl/ palls n
brat bróin páilín
A heavy cloth laid over a coffin or tomb; a shroud laid over a corpse.

palladium /pəˈleɪdiəm/ palladiums n
pallaidiam
A chemical element (symbol Pd) with an atomic number of 46: a rare, lustrous silvery-white metal.

pallet /ˈpælət/ /ˈpælɪt/ pallets n
leaba chocháin leaba shoip leaba thuí sráideog
A straw bed.
sráideog
(by extension) A makeshift bed.

palm /pæm/ /pɑlm/ /pɑm/ /pɑːm/ /pɔlm/ /pɔm/ /ˈpam/ /ˈpæm/ [pɑːm] [pɒːm] palms n
bos dearna
The inner and somewhat concave part of the human hand that extends from the wrist to the bases of the fingers.

palm oil palm oils n
ola phailme
An edible plant oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis).

palmate adj
palmatach
(chiefly, botany) Having three or more lobes or veins arising from a common point.

palmated adj
scamallach
(ornithology, zoology) Having digits connected by a thin membrane; webbed.

palmful palmfuls palmsful n
lán boise
Enough to fill the palm of one's hand.

palmiped palmipeds n
scamallach
(obsolete) A web-footed bird.

palmist palmists n
dearnadóir
A fortuneteller who uses palmistry.

palmistry palmistries n
dearnadóireacht
Telling fortunes from the lines on the palms of the hand.

palpate /ˈpælpeɪt/ v
lámhaigh
To examine or otherwise explore through touch, particularly (medical) in reference to an area or organ of the human body.

pampootie /pæmˈpuːti/ pampooties n
bróg úrleathair
A traditional shoe, formerly made and worn on the Aran Islands of County Galway, Ireland, consisting of a single piece of untanned hide folded around the foot and stitched with twine or a leather strap.

pan /pæn/ pans pen n
panna

pan- prefix
pan-
Encompassing, including all, or involving all.

pancake /ˈpæn.keɪk/ /ˈpæŋ.keɪk/ pancakes n
pancóg
A thin batter cake fried in a pan or on a griddle in oil or butter; in particular:

pancreas /ˈpæn-/ /ˈpæŋ.kɹi.əs/ /ˈpæŋkɹɪəs/ pancreases pancreata n
paincréas
(anatomy) A gland near the stomach which secretes a fluid into the duodenum to help with food digestion. The fluid contains protease, carbohydrase and lipase, which breaks down larger molecules into smaller pieces. The pancreas also produces the hormones insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar. These hormones are released into the cardiovascular system.

pancreatic adj
paincréasach
Of or pertaining to the pancreas

pancreatic cancer pancreatic cancers n
ailse phaincréis
(oncology, disease) A malignant neoplasm of the pancreas.

pancreatic duct pancreatic ducts n
ducht paincréasach
(anatomy) The duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juice provided from the exocrine pancreas which aids in digestion.

panda /ˈpændə/ pandas n
ollphanda panda
(colloquial, also, attributively) Short for giant panda (“Ailuropoda melanoleuca”). [from 19th c.]

pandemic /pænˈdɛmɪk/ pandemics n
paindéim
(epidemiology) A pandemic disease; a disease that affects a wide geographical area and a large proportion of the population.

pane /peɪn/ /peːn/ panes n
pána
(architecture) A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one side or face of a building.

panegyric /ˌpænəˈd͡ʒaɪɹɪk/ /ˌpænəˈd͡ʒɪɹɪk/ panegyrics n
adhmholadh formholadh moladh
A formal speech publicly praising someone or something.

pang /peɪŋ/ /pʰæŋ/ pangs n
arraing géaróg
(often, in the plural) A paroxysm of extreme physical pain or anguish; a feeling of sudden and transitory agony; a throe.

pangolin /pæŋˈɡoʊlɪn/ /ˈpæŋɡəlɪn/ pangolins n
pangailin
The scaly anteater; any of several long-tailed, scale-covered mammals of the order Pholidota of tropical Africa and Asia, the sole extant genus of which is Manis.

panic /ˈpænɪk/ panics n
anbhá
(uncountable) Overwhelming fear or fright, often affecting groups of people or animals; (countable) an instance of this; a fright, a scare.

panic /ˈpænɪk/ v
scanraigh
To cause (someone) to feel panic; also, to frighten (someone) into acting hastily.

panicky /ˈpænɪki/ more panicky most panicky adj
anbhách scaollmhar
In a state of panic.

panidiomorphic adj
painideamorfach
(geology) Having a completely idiomorphic structure.

panjandrum /pænˈd͡ʒæn.dɹəm/ panjandra panjandrums n
boc mór
An important, powerful or influential person; muckamuck.

pannier /ˈpæn.i.ɚ/ /ˈpæn.jɚ/ /ˈpæn.ɪ.ə/ panniers n
pardóg

pansexual /pænˈsɛk.ʃu.əl/ pansexuals n
ilghnéasach
Someone who is attracted to all types of people regardless of gender.

pansy /ˈpæn.zi/ pansies n
goirmín
A cultivated flowering plant, derived by hybridization within species Viola tricolor.

panties n
brístín
Underpants for women and girls.

pantry /ˈpantɹi/ /ˈpæntɹi/ [ˈpant(ʰ)ɹ̥i] [ˈpeənt(ʰ)ɹ̥i] [ˈpænt(ʰ)ɹ̥i] pantries n
bialann pantrach
A small room, closet, or cabinet usually located in or near the kitchen, dedicated to shelf-stable food storage and/or storing kitchenware, like a larder, but smaller.

pants /pænts/ n
bríste treabhsar triús
(chiefly, North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Philippines) An outer garment that covers the body from the waist downwards, covering each leg separately, usually as far as the ankles; trousers. [from 19th c.]

pap /pæp/ paps n
dide
(archaic) A female breast or nipple. [from 13th c.]

paper /ˈpeɪpə/ /ˈpeɪpɚ/ [ˈpeɪpə(r)] [ˈpeːpə(r)] [ˈpʰeɪpɚ] papers n
páipéar
A sheet material typically used for writing on or printing on (or as a non-waterproof container), usually made by draining cellulose fibres from a suspension in water.
A written document, generally shorter than a book (white paper, term paper), in particular one written for the Government.

paper clip paper clips n
fáiscín páipéar
A small, folded, wire or plastic device used to hold sheets of paper together.

paper fastener paper fasteners n
fáiscín páipéir

paper mill paper mills n
muileann páipéir
A factory devoted to making paper from wood pulp and other ingredients.

paper money /ˌpeɪpə ˈmʌni/ /ˌpeɪpəɹ ˈmʌni/ n
airgead páipéir
Cash in the form of banknotes.

paper tiger paper tigers n
tíogar páipéir
(idiomatic) A seemingly fierce or powerful person, country or organisation without the ability to back up their words; apparently powerful but actually ineffective.

paper towel paper towels n
píosa páipéar cistine
(Britain) A sheet of absorbent paper dispensed in restrooms, usually used for drying washed hands.

paperboard paperboards n
clárpháipéar
A thick paper, or thin cardboard.

paperboy paperboys n
giolla páipéar
A male who delivers newspapers to houses on a paper round.

paperchase paperchases n
lorg páipéir
A cross-country race in which a trail of shredded paper marks the route.
páipéarachas
(by extension) An administration process involving cross-references between many documents; the following of a paper trail.

paperhanger /ˈpeɪpəhæŋə/ /ˈpeɪpɚhæŋɚ/ paperhangers n
páipéaróir
Someone who puts wallpaper on walls.

paperweight paperweights n
tromán páipéir
A small, decorative, somewhat weighty object placed on one or more pieces of paper to keep them from fluttering away.

papilla /pəˈpɪl.ə/ papillae n
sineán
(anatomy) A nipple-like protuberance on a part or organ of the body.

pappus pappi pappuses n
papas

parabola /pəˈɹæbələ/ parabolae parabolas parabolæ n
parabóil
(geometry) The conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to a tangent plane to the cone; the locus of points equidistant from a fixed point (the focus) and line (the directrix).

parade /pəˈɹeɪd/ parades n
paráid
A public procession, especially one commemorating a holiday or special event or (dated) in protest.

paradise /ˈpæɹ.ə.daɪs/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.daɪs/ paradises n
parthas
(slang) The upper gallery in a theatre.

paragon /ˈpæɹəɡən/ /ˈpæɹəˌɡɑn/ /ˈpæɹəˌɡɔn/ paragons n
eiseamláir
A person of preeminent qualities, who acts as a pattern or model for others. [from 16th c.]

paragraph /ˈpæɹəɡɹæf/ /ˈpæɹəɡɹɑːf/ /ˈpɛɹəɡɹæf/ paragraphs n
paragraf alt mír
A passage in text that starts on a new line, the first line sometimes being indented, and usually marks a change of topic.
(originally) A mark or note set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, such as a change of subject.

parakeet /paɹəˈkiːt/ /ˈpaɹəkiːt/ /ˈpɛɹəkit/ parakeets n
pearaicít
Any of various species of small parrot primarily of tropical regions. [from 16th c.]

paralipsis /ˌpæ.ɹəˈlɪp.sɪs/ paraleipses n
parathagra
(rhetoric, linguistics) A figure of speech in which one pretends to ignore or omit something by actually mentioning it. [from 16th c.]

parallax /ˈpæɹ.əˌlæks/ parallaxes n
saobhdhiall
An apparent shift in the position of two stationary objects relative to each other as viewed by an observer, due to a change in observer position.

parallel /ˈpæɹ.əˌlɛl/ /ˈpɛɹ.əˌlɛl/ adj
comhthreomhar
Equally distant from one another at all points.
Having the same overall direction; the comparison is indicated with "to".
(hyperbolic geometry, said of a pair of lines) Either not intersecting, or coinciding.
comhuaineach
(computing) Involving the processing of multiple tasks at the same time.

parallel /ˈpæɹ.əˌlɛl/ /ˈpɛɹ.əˌlɛl/ parallels n
líne dhomhanleithid líne leithid
(geography) A line of latitude.
macasamhail samhail
Something identical or similar in essential respects.

parallel circuit parallel circuits n
ciorcad comhthreomhar
An electrical circuit that has two or more components that are connected in parallel.

parallel park v
páirceáil go comhthreomhar
To park a vehicle with side parallel to the curb or the side of the road in line with other parked vehicles.

parallel parking parallel parkings n
páirceáil chomhthreomhar
The action of parking a vehicle with its side parallel to the curb or the side of the road and facing in the direction of the traffic in the adjacent lane.

paralogism /pəˈɹaləd͡ʒɪzəm/ /pəˈɹæləd͡ʒɪzəm/ paralogisms n
claonloighic
A fallacious argument or illogical conclusion, especially one committed by mistake, or believed by the speaker to be logical.

paramecium /ˌpæ.ɹəˈmiː.si.əm/ /ˌpɛ.ɹəˈmi.si.əm/ paramecia parameciums n
paraiméiciam
An oval-shaped protozoan organism of the genus Paramecium.

paramorphism paramorphisms n
paramorfacht
(geology) A change in the physical structure of a mineral without any chemical change.

paranoia /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ /ˌpɛɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ paranoias paranoiæ n
paranóia
The obsolete name for a psychotic disorder, now called delusional disorder, often (in one of 6 subtypes) characterized by delusions of persecution and perceived threat against the individual affected with the disorder, and often associated with false accusations and general mistrust of others
Extreme, irrational distrust of others.

paranoiac /ˌpæɹəˈnɔɪæk/ more paranoiac most paranoiac adj
paranóiach
Pertaining to, or exhibiting, paranoia.

paranoid /ˈpæɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/ paranoids n
paranóiach
A person suffering from paranoia.

paranormal more paranormal most paranormal adj
paranormálta
That (ostensibly) cannot be explained by what scientists know; supernatural; especially of or pertaining to ghosts, spirits, and supposed abilities like telepathy.

parapet /ˈpæɹ.ə.pɪt/ parapets n
uchtbhalla
A low protective wall.
uchtbhalla uchtbharr
(military) A fortification consisting of a wall.

parasite /ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/ /ˈpɛɹəˌsaɪt/ parasites n
seadán
(biology) An organism that lives on or in another organism of a different species, deriving benefit from living on or in that other organism, while not contributing towards that other organism sufficiently to cover the cost to that other organism.
diúgaire péist sceartán siolpaire súmaire trumpa
(pejorative) A person who lives on other people's efforts or expense and gives little or nothing back. [from 16th c.]

parasol /ˈpæɹəˌsɒl/ /ˈpɛɹəˌsɑl/ parasols n
parasól
A small light umbrella used as protection from the sun.

parch /pɑɹt͡ʃ/ /pɑːtʃ/ v
tíor
(transitive) To burn the surface of, to scorch.
(transitive) To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat.

parched /pɑɹt͡ʃt/ /pɑːtʃt/ more parched most parched adj
spalptha
Dry.
Very thirsty.

parchment /ˈpɑːtʃmənt/ /ˈpʰɑɹt͡ʃmənt/ parchments n
párpháipéar pár
A document made on such material.
páipéar párach párpháipéar
Stiff paper imitating that material.

parchment paper parchment papers n
páipéar párach párpháipéar
Cellulose-based paper used in baking as a disposable nonstick surface.

pare /pɛə(ɹ)/ /pɛɹ/ v
smiot

parent /ˈpæɹ.ənt/ /ˈpɛə.ɹənt/ /ˈpɛɚ.ənt/ parents n
tuismitheoir
One of the two persons from whom one is immediately biologically descended; a mother or father. [from 15th c.]
A person who acts as a parent in rearing a child; a step-parent or adoptive parent.

parenteral adj
paireintreach
(medicine) Administered by some means that avoids the gastrointestinal tract, particularly intravenously or by injection.

parenthesis /pəˈɹɛnθəsɪs/ parentheses n
idiraisnéis
A clause, phrase or word which is inserted (usually for explanation or amplification) into a passage which is already grammatically complete, and usually marked off with brackets, commas or dashes.
lúibín lúibíní
Either of a pair of brackets, especially (mainly US) round brackets, ( and ) (used to enclose parenthetical material in a text).

parietal lobe /pəˈɹaɪətəl ˌloʊb/ parietal lobes n
maothán pairiatach
(anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain.

parish /ˈpæɹɪʃ/ /ˈpɛɹɪʃ/ parishes n
paróiste
In the Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran and Roman Catholic Church, an administrative part of a diocese that has its own church.
(US) An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a congregation live.
A civil subdivision of a British county, often corresponding to an earlier ecclesiastical parish.

parish church parish churches n
eaglais an pharóiste
A church that serves as the religious centre of a parish; the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches.

park /pɐk/ /pɑɹk/ [pɑɹk] [pʰäːk] [pʰɑɹk] [pʰɑːk] [pʰɒək] parks n
páirc
An area of land set aside for environment preservation or recreation.

park /pɐk/ /pɑɹk/ [pɑɹk] [pʰäːk] [pʰɑɹk] [pʰɑːk] [pʰɒək] v
loc páirceáil
(transitive) To bring (something such as a vehicle) to a halt or store in a specified place.

parka /ˈpɑɹkə/ /ˈpɑːkə/ parkas n
parca
(clothing) A long jacket with a hood which protects the wearer against rain and wind.

parking attendant parking attendants n
giolla páirceála maor páirceála
(UK) A person who issues tickets for parking violations.

parking garage parking garages n
carrchlós ilstórach
(US) A building for vehicles to park in, typically with several floors and sometimes underground.

parking lot parking lots n
carrchlós
(North America, Philippines, Malaysia) An open area, generally paved, where automobiles may be left when not in use.

parking meter parking meters n
méadar páirceála
A device, located by a parking space, that collects payment in exchange for the right to park a vehicle for a specified time.

parking permit parking permits n
cead páirceála
(UK) A pre-printed card, issued by several local authorities, that a resident (or his visitor) can display in his car when parking in a designated roadside place.

parking space parking spaces n
spás páirceála áit pháirceála
A space in which a car or other vehicle can be parked.

parking ticket /ˈpɑɹ.kɪŋ ˈtɪk.ɪt/ /ˈpɑː.kɪŋ ˈtɪk.ɪt/ parking tickets n
ticéad páirceála
A legal summons issued for parking a motor vehicle in a place where such parking is restricted, or beyond the time paid for.
A small ticket issued as proof of payment for the right to park a motor vehicle.

parliament /ˈpaːləmənt/ /ˈpɑɹləmənt/ /ˈpɑːləmənt/ /ˈpɑːlɪəmənt/ parliaments n
parlaimint
In many countries, the legislative branch of government, a deliberative assembly or set of assemblies whose elected or appointed members meet to debate the major political issues of the day, make, amend, and repeal laws, authorize the executive branch of government to spend money, and in some cases exercise judicial powers; a legislature. [from 14th c.]
A particular assembly of the members of such a legislature, as convened for a specific purpose or period of time (commonly designated with an ordinal number – for example, first parliament or 12th parliament – or a descriptive adjective – for example, Long Parliament, Short Parliament and Rump Parliament). [from 14th c.]

parliamentarian /ˌpɑː(ɹ)ləmənˈtɛəɹiən/ parliamentarians n
parlaiminteoir
(Commonwealth) A member of a parliament, congress or an elected national legislative body of another name.

parmesan /ˈpɑɹ.məˌʒɑn/ /ˈpɑː(ɹ).məˌzɑːn/ /ˈpɑːməˌzən/ /ˈpɑːmɪˌzæn/ /ˌpɑːmɪˈzæn/ parmesans n
cáis Parma parmasán
A hard, full-fat Italian cheese from Parma.

parotid adj
paróitideach
Relating to the parotid gland.

parotid gland parotid glands n
faireog pharóitideach paróitid
(anatomy) Either of a pair of salivary glands located in front of and below each ear in humans.

paroxysm /ˈpæ.ɹək.ˌsɪ.zəm/ paroxysms n
taom
A random or sudden outburst (of activity).

parrot /ˈpæɹət/ /ˈpɛɹət/ parrots n
pearóid
A kind of bird, many species of which are colorful and able to mimic human speech, of the order Psittaciformes or (narrowly) of the family Psittacidae.
(metaphorical) A parroter; a person who repeats the words or ideas of others.

parry /ˈpæɹi/ v
coisc
To avoid, deflect, or ward off (an attack, a blow, an argument, etc.).

parsimony /ˈpɑɹ.sə.ˌmoʊ.ni/ /ˈpɑː.sə.ˌməʊ.ni/ parsimonies n
barainn
Great reluctance to spend money unnecessarily.

parsley /ˈpɑː(ɹ)sli/ parsleys n
peirsil
(countable, uncountable) A bright green, biennial herb, Petroselinum crispum, having many cultivars.

parsnip /ˈpɑɹ.snɪp/ /ˈpɑː.snɪp/ parsnips n
meacan bán
A biennial plant, Pastinaca sativa, related to the carrot.
The root of the parsnip, when used as a vegetable.

part /pɐːt/ /pɑɹt/ /pɑːt/ parts n
cuid
A fraction of a whole.

part of speech parts of speech n
roinn chainte
(grammar) A linguistic category of words sharing syntactic or morphological behaviour and semantic properties, such as noun or verb.

part-time adj
páirtaimseartha
For, during, or involving less than the normal time for some activity, especially the number of hours an employee works.

partake /pɑɹˈteɪk/ /pɑːˈteɪk/ v
bí rannpháirteach caith glac
(formal) To take part in an activity; to participate. [with in]
caith glac
(formal) To take a share or portion. [with of or in]

partaker partakers n
rannpháirtí
One who partakes of something.

parthenogenesis /ˌpɑɹθənoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ /ˌpɑɹθɪnoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ /ˌpɑːθənəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ /ˌpɑːθɪnəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ parthenogeneses n
partanaigineas
(biology, countable, uncountable) (An instance of) reproduction by the development of a single gamete (an ovum or ovule) without fertilisation by a gamete of the opposite sex; compare monogenesis, metagenesis, and heterogamy.
(theology) Virgin birth, in reference to the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ.

partial /ˈpɑɹʃəl/ /ˈpɑːʃəl/ more partial most partial adj
neamhuilíoch páirt páirteach
existing as a part or portion; incomplete
(mathematics) of or relating to a partial derivative or partial differential
leataobhach
biased in favor of a person, side, or point of view, especially when dealing with a competition or dispute

partial fraction partial fractions n
fochodán
(mathematics) Any of several fractions to the sum of which a single fraction is equal.

participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/ /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/ /pəɹˈtɪsəpənt/ participants n
rannpháirtí
One who participates.

participate /pɑɹˈtɪsəpeɪt/ /pɑɹˈtɪsəpət/ /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ /pɑːˈtɪsɪpət/ v
rannpháirtigh
(intransitive) To join in, to take part, to involve oneself (in something). [from 16th c.]

participator participators n
rannpháirtí
one who participates, a participant

participle /pɑːˈtɪsɪpəl/ /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/ /ˈpɑːtɪsɪpəl/ participles n
rangabháil
(grammar) A form of a verb that may function as an adjective, noun or adverb. English has two types of participles: the present participle and the past participle. In other languages, there are others, such as future, perfect, and future perfect participles.

particle /ˈpɑɹtɪkəl/ /ˈpɑːtɪk(ə)l/ particles n
cáithnín
A very small piece of matter, a fragment; especially, the smallest possible part of something. [from 14th c.]
(physics) Any of various physical objects making up the constituent parts of an atom; an elementary particle or subatomic particle. [from 19th c.]
páirteagal mír
(linguistics) A part of speech that has no inherent lexical definition but must be associated with another word to impart meaning, often a grammatical category: for example, the English word to in a full infinitive phrase (to eat) or O in a vocative phrase (O Canada), or as a discourse marker (mmm).

particle board particle boards n
slischlár
(US, Canada, AU) a structural material manufactured from wood particles (such as chips and shavings) by pressing, and binding through resin

particle physics n
fisic cháithníní

particular /pəˈtɪk.jə.lə/ /pəˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/ /pəˈtɪk.jʊ.lə/ /pɚˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/ more particular most particular adj
cuntasach
sonrach
Specific; discrete; concrete.
ar leith
Distinguished in some way; special (often in negative constructions).
meonúil
Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; precise.

particularity /pɑɹ-/ /pɑː-/ /pə(ɹ)ˌtɪkjəˈlɛɹəti/ /pəˌtɪkjʊˈlæɹɪti/ [-ɾi] particularities n
leithleachas
A distinctive characteristic or quality; a peculiarity.

particulars /pəˈtɪkjələz/ /pəˈtɪkjəlɚz/ /pɚˈtɪkjəlɚz/ n
sonraí
The details or specifics of something.

partisan /-sən/ /-zən/ /ˈpaː.tɪ.sæn/ /ˈpaː.tɪ.zæn/ /ˈpɑɹ.ɾə.sən/ /ˈpɑɹ.ɾɪ.sən/ /ˈpɑː.tɪˌzæn/ /ˌpɑː.tɪˈzæn/ more partisan most partisan adj
claonpháirteach
Adherent to a party or faction; especially, having the character of blind, passionate, or unreasonable adherence to a party.

partisan /-sən/ /-zən/ /ˈpaː.tɪ.sæn/ /ˈpaː.tɪ.zæn/ /ˈpɑɹ.ɾə.sən/ /ˈpɑɹ.ɾɪ.sən/ /ˈpɑː.tɪˌzæn/ /ˌpɑː.tɪˈzæn/ partisans n
páirtíneach
An adherent to a party or faction.
páirtiseán
(historical) A long-handled spear with a triangular, double-edged blade having lateral projections, in some forms also used in boar hunting.

partition /pɑɹˈtɪ.ʃən/ /pɑɹˈtɪ.ʃɪn/ partitions n
deighilt
An action which divides a thing into parts, or separates one thing from another.
That which divides or separates; that by which different things, or distinct parts of the same thing, are separated; boundary; dividing line or space.
landair spiara
A vertical structure that divides a room.

partner /ˈpɐːtnə/ /ˈpɑɹtnɚ/ /ˈpɑːtnə(ɹ)/ [ˈpɑɹʔnɚ] partners n
páirtnéir
A spouse or other person with whom one shares a domestic, romantic or sexual bond.

partridge /ˈpɑɹtɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɑːtɹɪd͡ʒ/ partridge partridges n
patraisc
(ornithology) Any bird of a number of genera in the family Phasianidae, notably in the genera Perdix and Alectoris.

parturition /ˌpɑː(ɹ)tjʊˈɹɪʃən/ /ˌpɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃəˈɹɪʃən/ parturitions n
breith clainne
The act of giving birth; childbirth.

party /ˈpɑ(ː)ti/ /ˈpɑɹ.ti/ /ˈpɑː.ti/ [ˈpʰɑ(ː)ɾi] [ˈpʰɑɹɾi] parties n
comhluadar dream
A group of people traveling or attending an event together, or participating in the same activity.
cóisir
A gathering of acquaintances so that one of them may offer items for sale to the rest of them.

party wall party walls n
idirbhalla
A commonly shared wall dividing two properties within a row house (or terrace)

paschal candle paschal candles n
coinneal na Cásca
(Christianity) A large symbolic white candle used at Easter.

pass /pæs/ /pɑːs/ [pʰas] [pʰaːs] [pʰeəs] [pʰeə̯s] [pʰäs] [pʰäːs] [pʰæs] [pʰɐːs] [pʰɑːs] [pʰɛəs] v
meil
(ditransitive) To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another.
(transitive) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and just.
(transitive) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed.

pass away v
imigh sall
(archaic, literary) To disappear; to cease to be; to be no more.

pass on v
iompair
To convey or communicate.

pass round v
scaoil thart scaoil timpeall
(transitive) to distribute

passage /ˈpæsɪd͡ʒ/ passages n
sliocht
A paragraph or section of text or music with particular meaning.
slí
Part of a path or journey.
pasáiste slí
A passageway or corridor.

passenger car passenger cars n
cóiste paisinéirí
(rail, US) A railroad car designed to carry passengers.

passenger seat passenger seats n
suíochán paisinéara
(automotive) A seat in a vehicle for a passenger, especially the front seat next to the driver in a motor vehicle.

passion /ˈpæʃən/ [ˈpʰæʃən] passions n
ainmhian
Any great, strong, powerful emotion, especially romantic love or extreme hate.

passion fruit passion fruit passion fruits n
páiseog
(uncountable) The flesh of the edible fruit.

passion play passion plays n
dráma Páise
Any analogous religious story of the suffering, death, and resurrection of other gods or goddesses, or of the martyrdom of holy people, such as the Muslim tazia.

passionate /ˈpæʃənət/ /ˈpæʃənɪt/ more passionate most passionate adj
ainmhianach
Fired with intense feeling.

passionflower passionflowers n
lus na páise páiseog chorcra
Any of very many vines, in North America and elsewhere, of the genus Passiflora that bear edible fruit called passion fruit, and showy flowers of a structure symbolic of the Passion of Christ.

passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/ more passive most passive adj
fulangach
Taking no action.
céasta
(grammar) Being in the passive voice.

passive voice passive voices n
faí chéasta
(grammar) The form of a transitive verb in which its subject receives the action.

passivity /pæˈsɪvɪti/ passivities n
neamhghníomhaíocht éighníomhaíocht
The state of being passive.

passport /ˈpæspɔɹt/ /ˈpɑːspɔːt/ passports n
pas
An official document normally used for international journeys, which proves the identity and nationality of the person for whom it was issued.

password /ˈpæswɜːd/ /ˈpæswɝd/ /ˈpɑːswɜː(ɹ)d/ passwords n
pasfhocal focal faire
(military, security) A word relayed to a person to gain admittance to a place or to gain access to information.
(computing, cryptography) A string of characters used to log in to a computer or network, to access a level in a video game, and so on; archetypally a word#Noun but nowadays often an alphanumeric#Adjective string or a phrase#Noun.

past /past/ /pæst/ /pɑːst/ more past most past adj
caite
Having already happened; in the past; finished. [from 14th c.]
(grammar) Of a tense, expressing action that has already happened or a previously-existing state. [from 18th c.]

past /past/ /pæst/ /pɑːst/ more past most past adv
thar bráid
In a direction that passes.

past /past/ /pæst/ /pɑːst/ preposition
i ndiaidh tar éis
Beyond in place or quantity

past paper past papers n
seanpháipéar scrúdaithe
(education) An examination paper from a previous year.

past participle past participles n
rangabháil chaite
(grammar) A participle indicating a completed action or state.

pasta /ˈpastə/ /ˈpæstə/ /ˈpɐːstɘ/ /ˈpɐːstə/ /ˈpɑstə/ /ˈpɛstɘ/ pastas paste n
pasta
(uncountable) Dough made from wheat and water and sometimes mixed with egg and formed into various shapes; often sold in dried form and typically boiled for eating.

paste /peɪst/ pastes n
leafaos
One of flour, fat, or similar ingredients used in making pastry.
leafaos taos
A soft moist mixture, in particular:
One of pounded foods, such as fish paste, liver paste, or tomato paste.
paist
(mineralogy) The mineral substance in which other minerals are embedded.

pastie pasties n
pastae
A type of seasoned meat pie, usually of a semicircular or distinctive shape.

pastime /ˈpæs.taɪm/ /ˈpɑːs.taɪm/ pastimes n
caitheamh aimsire spórt
Something which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably.

pastry /ˈpeɪstɹi/ pastries n
pastae taosrán
(uncountable) The food group formed by the various kinds of pastries.

pastry chef pastry chefs n
cócaire pastaetha cócaire taosráin
A baker who makes pastry products.

pasture /ˈpæs.tɚ/ /ˈpæs.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈpɑːs.tjə/ /ˈpɑːs.t͡ʃə/ pastures n
féarach
Land, specifically, an open field, on which livestock is kept for feeding.

pasty /ˈpeɪsti/ pastier pastiest adj
taosach
Like paste, sticky.

pasty /ˈpæsti/ /ˈpɑːsti/ pasties n
pastae
A type of seasoned meat and vegetable hand pie, usually of a semicircular shape.

pat /pæt/ [pʰæt] [pʰæt̚] [pʰæˀt̚] pats n
boiseog
A light tap or slap, especially with the hands

pat /pæt/ [pʰæt] [pʰæt̚] [pʰæˀt̚] v
slíoc
To (gently) tap the flat of one's hand on a person or thing.

patch /pæt͡ʃ/ patches n
paiste
A piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, especially upon an old garment to cover a hole.
A small piece of anything used to repair damage or a breach; as, a patch on a kettle, a roof, etc.

patchouli /pəˈt͡ʃuli/ patchoulis n
paitsiúlaí
Any of several East Indian plants in the genus Pogostemon, especially Pogostemon cablin, which yield a highly fragrant oil.
The oil or perfume made from these plants.

patchwork patchworks n
obair phaistí
A work, such as a blanket, composed of many different colors and shapes, sewn together to make an interesting whole.

patent /peɪ-/ /pæ-/ /ˈpeɪtənt/ /ˈpætənt/ [pʰe̞ɪʔn̩t̚] [pʰæ̝ʔn̩t̚] more patent most patent adj
paiteanta
Explicit and obvious.

paterfamilias paterfamiliases patresfamilias n
ceann tí ceann urra teaghlaigh
A man who is the head of a household, family or tribe.

paternal aunt paternal aunts n
aintín
A sister of someone’s father.
The wife of a sibling of someone’s father.

paternal uncle paternal uncles n
uncail uncail athartha
A brother or brother-in-law of one's father. (This entry is a translation hub.)

paternoster /-ˌnɑstɚ/ /ˈpɑtəɹˌnɔstɚ/ /ˈpɑːtəˌnɒstə(ɹ)/ paternosters n
Paidir Ár nAthair
(archaic) A patent medicine, so named because salesmen would pray the Lord's Prayer over it before selling it.

path /pæθ/ /pɑːθ/ [pʰaθ] [pʰeəθ] [pʰäːθ] [pʰæθ] [pʰɐːθ] [pʰɑːθ] [pʰɛəθ] paths n
séad
A course taken.
(computing) A human-readable specification for a location within a hierarchical or tree-like structure, such as a file system or as part of a URL.

pathogen /ˈpæθəd͡ʒn̩/ pathogens n
pataigin
(pathology, immunology) An agent that can cause disease, especially an infectious microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, protozoon or fungus.

pathogenesis pathogeneses n
pataigineas
The origin and development of a disease.
The mechanism whereby something causes a disease.

pathological more pathological most pathological adj
paiteolaíoch
(medicine) Pertaining to pathology.
galrach
(medicine) Relating to, amounting to, or caused by a physical or mental disorder.

pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/ pathologies n
paiteolaíocht
(academic, _, medicine) The academic biomedical specialty that advances the aspects of the biomedical sciences that allow for those clinical applications and their advancements over time.

patience /ˈpeɪʃəns/ patiences n
foighne
The quality of being patient.

patient /ˈpeɪʃənt/ patients n
othar
A person or animal who receives treatment from a doctor or other medically educated person.

patio /ˈpæt.i.oʊ/ /ˈpæt.i.əʉ/ /ˈpæt.i.əʊ/ [ˈpæɾ.i.oʊ] [ˈpæɾ.i.əʉ] patios n
paitió
A paved outside area, adjoining a house, used for dining or recreation.

patriarch /ˈpeɪtɹɪɑːk/ /ˈpeɪt͡ʃɹiɑɹk/ /ˈpætɹiɑːk/ patriarchs n
ardathair patrarc uasalathair
The male head of a household or nuclear family.

patrician /pətɹˈɪʃən/ patricians n
paitríoch
(Ancient Rome) A member of any of the families constituting the populus Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special privilege conferred, belonged to the senior class of Romans, who, with certain property, had by right a seat in the Roman Senate.
A person of high birth; a nobleman.

patrimony /ˈpat.ɹɪ.mə.ni/ /ˈpæt.ɹɪˌmoʊ.ni/ patrimonies n
dúchas
A right or estate inherited from one's father; or, in a larger sense, from any male ancestor.

patriot /ˈpeɪ.tɹi.ət/ /ˈpæ.tɹi.ət/ patriots n
tírghráthóir
A person who loves and zealously supports and defends their country.

patriotism /ˈpeɪtɹi.əˌtɪzəm/ /ˈpætɹi.əˌtɪzəm/ patriotisms n
tírghrá
Love of one's country; devotion to the welfare of one's compatriots; passion which inspires one to serve one's country.

patron /ˈpeɪ.tɹən/ patrons n
éarlamh

patron saint /ˈpeɪtɹən ˈseɪnt/ patron saints n
éarlamh
(Christianity) A saint conceived as the patron (protector or supporter) of a particular place, group, person, or activity, for whom or for which his or her intercession is specially invoked.

patroness /ˈpeɪtɹənɪs/ /ˌpeɪtɹəˈnɛs/ patronesses n
banéarlamh
(religion) A female patron goddess or saint.

pattern /ˈpatn̩/ /ˈpatən/ /ˈpætɚn/ patterns n
pátrún
(Ireland, Roman Catholicism) The devotions that take place within a parish on the feast day of the patron saint of that parish.

paucity /ˈpɑ.sɪ.ti/ /ˈpɒs.ɪ.ti/ /ˈpɔs.ɪ.ti/ [ˈpɑ.sɪ.ɾi] [ˈpɔs.ɪ.ɾi] paucities n
laghad
Fewness in number; too few.
A smallness in size or amount that is insufficient; meagerness, dearth.

paunch /pɑːntʃ/ /pɔːnt͡ʃ/ paunches n
méadail mhór
The first compartment of the stomach of a ruminant, the rumen.
blonag maróg
The belly of a human, especially a large, fat protruding one.

pavilion /pəˈvɪljən/ pavilions n
pailliún
An ornate tent.
A light roofed structure used as a shelter in a public place.
A detached or semi-detached building at a hospital or other building complex.
puball
A structure, sometimes temporary, erected to house exhibits at a fair, etc.

paw /poː/ /pɑ/ /pɔ/ /pɔː/ paws n
crág
The soft foot of a mammal or other animal, generally a quadruped, that has claws or nails; comparable to a human hand or foot.

pawn /pɑn/ /pɑɒn/ /pɔn/ /pɔːn/ pawns n
ceithearnach fichillín
(chess) The most numerous chess piece, or a similar piece in a similar game. In chess, each side starts with eight; moves are only forward, and attacks are only diagonally or en passant.

pawnshop /ˈpɔnʃɑp/ /ˈpɔːnʃɒp/ pawnshops n
teach gill
The business premises of a pawnbroker; where loans are made, with personal property as security

pawpaw /ˈpɑːpɑː/ /ˈpɔːpɔː/ pawpaws n
pápá
Asimina, a genus of trees and shrubs native to eastern North America, especially common pawpaw (Asimina triloba).
The fruit of these trees.

pay /peɪ/ [pʰeɪ] pays n
pá tuarastal
Money given in return for work; salary or wages.

pay /peɪ/ [pʰeɪ] v
íoc díol
(transitive) To give money or other compensation to in exchange for goods or services.

pay attention v
tabhair aird
(idiomatic, intransitive) To attend; to be attentive; to focus one's attention.

pay back /peɪ bæk/ v
aisíoc
(figuratively) To avenge, to exact revenge.

pay grade pay grades n
grád pá
A level indicating a base salary (in the US applying to military and government employees).

payment /ˈpeɪmənt/ payments n
íocaíocht
(uncountable) The act of paying.
(countable) An instance of that act; a sum of money paid in exchange#Noun for goods or services, or the transaction#Noun that conveys it.

payphone payphones n
táillefón
A public telephone that requires prepayment to operate, generally via the insertion of coins or a credit card.

pea /piː/ peas pease n
peasair pis
Any plant of the family Fabaceae.

pea coat pea coats n
cóta mairnéalaigh seaicéad sáile
(nautical) A coat of heavy, navy-coloured wool, originally worn by sailors of European navies.

peace /piːs/ peaces n
síth suaimhneas síocháin
A state of tranquility, quiet, and harmony; absence of violence.
síth
Harmony in personal relations.
síocháin
A state free of war, in particular war between different countries.

peace and quiet n
síth agus socracht
Tranquility; freedom from stress or interruptions.

peace process peace processes n
próiseas síochána
Negotiations towards the peaceful settlement of a long-running conflict.

peaceful /ˈpiːsfəl/ more peaceful most peaceful peacefuler peacefulest peacefuller peacefullest adj
suaimhneach
Not at war; not disturbed by strife or turmoil.
Inclined to peace.
sámh
Motionless and calm.

peach /piːt͡ʃ/ peaches n
péitseog crann péitseog
(countable) Any tree of species Prunus persica, native to China and now widely cultivated throughout temperate regions, having pink flowers and edible fruit.
(countable, uncountable) Soft juicy stone fruit of the peach tree, having yellow flesh, downy, red-tinted yellow skin, and a deeply sculptured pit or stone containing a single seed.

peachfuzz n
clúnachán féasóige giobarsach féasóige
(informal) The soft, scanty beard of an adolescent male.

peacock /ˈpikɑk/ /ˈpiːkɒk/ peacocks n
péacóg
A peafowl (of the genus Pavo or Afropavo), either male or female.
(entomology) Any of various Asian species of papilionid butterflies of the genus Papilio.

peahen /ˈpiː.hɛn/ peahens n
cearc phéacóige
A female peafowl.

peak /piːk/ peaks n
píce
stuaic
A point; the sharp end or top of anything that terminates in a point; as, the peak, or front, of a cap.

peanut /ˈpiˌnʌt/ /ˈpiːnʌt/ peanuts n
pis talún
A legume resembling a nut, the fruit of the plant Arachis hypogaea, native to South America.

peanut butter /ˈpi.nʌtˌbʌ.tɚ/ /ˈpiːnʌtˌbʌ.tə/ /ˌpiːnʌtˈbʌ.tə/ peanut butters n
im piseanna talún
A spread made from ground peanuts.

pear /pɛə/ /pɛɚ/ /ˈpiːə(r)/ [pʰeə] pears n
piorra péire
A type of fruit tree (Pyrus communis).

pearl /pɜːl/ /pɝl/ [pʰəːɫ] [pʰɚɫ] pearls n
péarla
A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or mother-of-pearl. Round lustrous pearls are used in jewellery.

peasant /ˈpɛzənt/ peasants n
tuathánach
A country person.

peat /piːt/ peats n
móin
Soil formed of dead but not fully decayed plants found in bog areas, often burned as fuel. [from 14th c.]

peat moss peat mosses n
caonach móna fionnmhóin móin súsán
sphagnum.

pebble /ˈpɛb.əl/ pebbles n
méaróg
A small stone, especially one rounded by the action of water.

pectoral /pɛkˈtoɹəl/ /ˈpɛk.tə.ɹəl/ adj
uchtach
Of or pertaining to the breast, or chest.

peculiar /pəˈkjul.jɚ/ /pəˈkjuː.li.ə/ /pɪˈkjul.jɚ/ /pɪˈkjuː.li.ə/ /pɪˈkjʉː.li.ə/ more peculiar most peculiar adj
saoithiúil
Out of the ordinary; odd; strange; unusual.

pedagogy /ˈpɛdəˌɡoʊd͡ʒi/ /ˈpɛdəˌɡɑd͡ʒi/ /ˈpɛdəˌɡɒd͡ʒi/ /ˈpɛdəˌɡɒɡi/ pedagogies n
oideolaíocht
The profession of teaching.
The activities of educating, teaching or instructing.

pedal /ˈpiːdəl/ /ˈpɛdəl/ pedals n
troitheán
A lever operated by one's foot that is used to control or power a machine or mechanism, such as a bicycle or piano

pedal /ˈpiːdəl/ /ˈpɛdəl/ v
troitheánaigh
To operate a pedal attached to a wheel in a continuous circular motion.

peddler /ˈpɛdlə/ /ˈpɛdləɹ/ peddlers n
fear cairte hácaeir joltaeir mangaire peidléir
An itinerant seller of small goods.

pederast /ˈpi.də.ɹæst/ /ˈpɛd.ɚ.ɹæst/ pederasts n
péidearastach
A man who is engaged in an erotic relationship with an adolescent boy; a practitioner of pederasty.

pederasty /ˈpi.də.ɹæs.ti/ /ˈpɛd.ə.ɹæs.ti/ /ˈpɛd.ə.ɹəs.ti/ pederasties n
péidearastacht
Erotic love, sexually expressed or chaste, between a man and an adolescent boy.
(archaic) Anal intercourse in general, usually between a man and an adolescent boy.

pedestal /ˈpɛdɪstəl/ pedestals n
seastán
(architecture) The base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp.

pedestrian /pəˈdɛst.ɹi.ən/ pedestrians n
coisí
A walker; one who walks or goes on foot, especially as opposed to one who uses a vehicle.

pedestrian crossing pedestrian crossings n
trasrian coisithe
A place where pedestrians are permitted to or advised to cross a street.

pedestrian precinct pedestrian precincts n
ceantar coisithe limistéar coisithe
An area in a town or city intended for pedestrians only, where vehicles (in particular motor vehicles) are not normally allowed.

pedestrianization pedestrianizations n
teorannú do choisithe
The restriction of access to a street to pedestrians only.

pediatrician /piːdɪəˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌpidi.əˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ pediatricians n
péidiatraí
(American spelling) A physician that specializes in pediatrics; the medical care of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.

pediatrics /ˌpidiˈætɹɪks/ /ˌpiːdɪˈætɹɪks/ n
leanbhliacht péidiatraic
(American spelling, medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of children and adolescents.

pedogenesis n
peidigineas
(geology) Process of the formation of soil.

pedophile /ˈpe.dəˌfɑel/ /ˈpiː.dəˌfaɪl/ /ˈpɛ.doʊˌfaɪl/ /ˈpɛ.dəʉˌfɑel/ /ˈpɛ.dəˌfaɪl/ pedophiles n
péidifileach
(by extension, common use) An adult who is sexually attracted to or engages in sexual acts with a child.

pedophilia /ˌpe.dəˈfɪ.li.ə/ /ˌpiː.dəˈfɪ.li.ə/ /ˌpɛ.dəˈfi.li.ə/ pedophilias n
péidifilia
Sexual attraction by adults and adolescents to children, specifically prepubescent children.
(by extension, proscribed) Sexual activity between adults and children; the act of child molestation.

pee /ˈpiː/ pees n
mún
peith pé
The name of the Latin-script letter P/p.

pee /ˈpiː/ v
déan mún

peel /piːl/ [pʰiəɫ] [pʰiːɫ] v
snamh
(transitive) To remove the skin or outer covering of.

peep /pip/ /piːp/ [pʰip] peeps n
gíog
A feeble utterance or complaint.

peer /pɪə/ /pɪɹ/ peers n
piara
Somebody who is, or something that is, at a level or of a value equal (to that of something else).
bantiarna tiarna
A noble with a title, i.e., a peerage, and in times past, with certain rights and privileges not enjoyed by commoners.

peer review peer reviews n
athbhreithniú piaraí piarmheasúnú próiseas athbhreithnithe piaraí
(education) The scholarly process whereby manuscripts intended to be published in an academic journal are reviewed by independent researchers (referees) to evaluate the contribution, i.e. the importance, novelty and accuracy of the manuscript's contents.

peerage peerages n
tiarnas
The rank or title of a peer or peeress.

peevish /ˈpivɪʃ/ /ˈpiːvɪʃ/ more peevish most peevish adj
aingí cantalach
Constantly complaining, whining; childishly fretful.

peevishness peevishnesses n
aincis aingíocht cantal cantlamh cianaí domlastacht
The state of being peevish.

peewit /ˈpiːwɪt/ peewits n
pilibín
the Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus.

pegboard pegboards n
pionnachlár
A perforated form of hardboard.

pelican /ˈpɛl.ə.kən/ /ˈpɛl.ɪ.kən/ pelicans n
peileacán
Any of various seabirds of the family Pelecanidae, having a long bill with a distendable pouch.

pelican crossing pelican crossings n
trasrian peileacánach trasrian túcánach
(British) A pedestrian crossing with traffic-lights operated by pedestrians

pellagra /pɛˈlaɡɹə/ /pɪˈlaɡɹə/ pellagras n
peallagra
(pathology) A disease characterised by skin lesions and mental confusion, primarily caused by a niacin deficiency. [from 19th c.]

pelt /pɛlt/ pelts n
bian peall
The skin of an animal with the hair or wool on; either a raw or undressed hide, or a skin preserved with the hair or wool on it (sometimes worn as a garment with minimal modification).

pelvic floor pelvic floors n
urlár peilbheach
(anatomy) A muscular partition, formed by the muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue, which spans the area underneath the pelvis.

pelvis /ˈpɛlvɪs/ pelves pelvises n
peilbheas
(anatomy) The large compound bone structure at the base of the spine that supports the legs. It consists of hip bone, sacrum and coccyx.

pen /pɛn/ /pɪn/ pens n
cró mainnear
An enclosure (enclosed area) used to contain domesticated animals, especially sheep or cattle.
peann
A tool, originally made from a feather but now usually a small tubular instrument, containing ink used to write or make marks.

pen name pen names n
ainm bréige ainm cleite
A fictitious name used by an author in place of their actual name; a writer's pseudonym.

penalize /ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/ /ˈpɛn.əl.aɪz/ v
pionósaigh
(transitive) To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation.

penalty /ˈpɛnəlti/ penalties n
pionós
A legal sentence.
(ice hockey) A punishment for an infraction of the rules, often in the form of being removed from play for a specified amount of time.

penalty box penalty boxes n
loca pionóis póna peacaí
(ice hockey) An enclosed bench where a player must remain for timed period (a penalty) that is assessed after an infraction.

penalty kick penalty kicks n
pionós
(soccer) A form of direct free kick, taken from the penalty spot after a defensive foul in the penalty box, with only the goalkeeper defending the goal.

penalty shootout penalty shootouts n
ciceanna éirice
(football, field hockey) A series of penalties (penalty kicks in soccer), taken to decide a winner after a game has resulted in a tie and extra time has been played.

penance /ˈpɛn.əns/ penances n
aithrí
A voluntary self-imposed punishment for a sinful act or wrongdoing. It may be intended to serve as reparation for the act.
A sacrament in some Christian churches.

pencil /ˈpɛnsəl/ /ˈpɛnsɪl/ /ˈpɛntsəl/ pencils n
peann luaidhe
A writing utensil with a graphite (commonly referred to as lead) shaft, usually blended with clay, clad in wood, and sharpened to a taper. [from 16th c.]

pencil moustache pencil moustaches n
croiméal pionsail croiméal tanaí
A very thin moustache that is kept trimmed short.

pencil pleat pencil pleats n
pléata caol pléata pionsail
A pleat with a semicylindrical appearance like a row of pencils, often used for curtains.

pendant /ˈpɛnd(ə)nt/ pendants n
siogairlín
A piece of jewellery which hangs down as an ornament, especially worn on a chain around the neck. [from 15th c.]
igín
(nautical) A short rope hanging down, used to attach hooks for tackles; a pennant. [from 15th c.]

penetrate /ˈpɛnətɹeɪt/ /ˈpɛnɪtɹeɪt/ v
treáigh
To enter into; to make way into the interior of; to pierce.

penetrating /ˈpɛnɪtɹeɪtɪŋ/ more penetrating most penetrating adj
tolltach
able to pierce or penetrate

penguin /ˈpɛŋɡwɪn/ /ˈpɪŋɡwɪn/ penguins n
piongain
Any of several flightless sea birds, of order Sphenisciformes, found in the Southern Hemisphere, marked by their usual upright stance, walking on short legs, and (generally) their stark black and white plumage. [from 16th c.]

penholder penholders n
cró pinn
A device for storing pens while they are not being used.

peninsula /pəˈnɪn.sjə.lə/ /pəˈnɪn.sə.lə/ /pəˈnɪn.ʃə.lə/ /pɪˈnɪn.sjʊ.lə/ /ˈpɛn.ɪn.sjʊ.lə/ peninsulae peninsulas n
leithinis glasoileán
(geography) A piece of land projecting into water from a larger land mass.

penis /ˈpi.nɪs/ /ˈpiː.nɪs/ [ˈpʰi.nɪs] [ˈpʰiː.nɪs] penes penises n
bod péineas

penitence penitences n
aithrí
The condition of being penitent; a feeling of regret or remorse for doing wrong or sinning.

penitent /ˈpɛnɪtənt/ more penitent most penitent adj
aithríoch
Feeling pain or sorrow on account of one's sins or offenses; feeling sincere guilt.
Doing penance.

penitent /ˈpɛnɪtənt/ penitents n
aithríoch
One who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of their transgressions.
One under church censure, but admitted to penance; one undergoing penance.
One under the direction of a confessor.

penitentiary /ˌpɛnɪˈtɛnʃəɹi/ penitentiaries n
príosún
(chiefly, US) A state or federal prison for convicted felons; (broadly) a prison.

penknife penknives n
scian phóca

penny /pəni/ /ˈpɛni/ /ˈpɪni/ pence pennies pens n
pingin pingineacha pinginí pingneacha
(historical) In the United Kingdom and Ireland, a unit of currency worth 1⁄240 of a pound sterling or Irish pound before decimalisation, or a copper coin worth this amount. Abbreviation: d.

pennyroyal /pɛnɪjˈɹojəl/ /pɛ̝nɪˈɹɔɪ̯əl/ pennyroyals n
borógach
Mentha pulegium, a plant of the mint family, formerly much used in various medicinal treatments and as a flea repellent.

pension /ˈpɛnʃən/ pensions n
pinsean
An annuity paid regularly as benefit due to a retired employee, serviceman etc. in consideration of past services, originally and chiefly by a government but also by various private pension schemes. [from 16th c.]

pensioner /ˈpɛnʃənə/ /ˈpɛnʃənɚ/ pensioners n
pinsinéir
(chiefly, UK, Canada) Someone who lives on a pension, especially the retirement or old age pension.

pentagon /ˈpɛn.tə.ɡɒn/ /ˈpɛn.tə.ɡən/ /ˈpɛn.təˌɡɑn/ pentagons n
peinteagán
(geometry) A polygon with five sides and five angles.

pentagram /ˈpɛn.tə.ɡɹæm/ pentagrams n
peinteagram
The shape of a five-pointed star constructed of five intersecting lines meeting at the vertices, such that a central pentagon and five surrounding isosceles triangles are formed; often with magical connotations; a 5/2 (or 5/3) star polygon.

penthouse /ˈpɛnt(h)aʊs/ penthouses n
cleiteán cleitín sceimheal
(now, historical) A structure or annexe (especially one with a sloping roof) extending from the side of a building, sometimes as protection from the weather. [from 14th c.]
díonteach
An apartment or suite found on an upper floor, or floors, of a tall building, especially one that is expensive or luxurious with panoramic views. [from 19th c.]

people /ˈpipl̩/ /ˈpipəl/ /ˈpiːpl̩/ /ˈpiːpəl/ [ˈpʰipɫ̩] peoples n
daoine lucht
a body of persons considered generally or collectively; a group of two or more persons.
pobal lucht
(countable, collective) Persons forming or belonging to a particular group, such as a nation, class, ethnic group, country, family, etc.

people person people people people persons n
caidreamhach
(idiomatic) One who interacts skilfully with other people and who receives satisfaction from such interaction.

people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones proverb
an té atá saor caitheadh sé an chéad chloch
Do not criticize others if you have similar weaknesses yourself.

people's republic people's republics n
daon-phoblacht
A self-designation of states with Marxist-Leninist governments.

pepper /ˈpɛpə/ /ˈpɛpɚ/ peppers n
piobar
A plant of the family Piperaceae.
(uncountable) A spice prepared from the fermented, dried, unripe berries of this plant.
(UK, US, Ireland, and, Canada) A fruit of the capsicum plant: red, green, yellow or white, hollow and containing seeds, and in very spicy and mild varieties.

pepper mill pepper mills n
muileann piobair
A small handheld grinder containing a supply of peppercorns for grinding fresh at the table or in the kitchen.

peppermint /ˈpɛpəˌmɪnt/ /ˈpɛpɚˌmɪnt/ peppermints n
lus an phiobair miontas piobair
A hybrid herb of the mint family (Mentha × piperita), formed by crossing watermint and spearmint, which has a high menthol content and a sharp flavor and is used in cooking, especially in herb teas and in confections. [from 17th c.]
(countable) Any of various sweets containing extract of the peppermint herb; peppermint confectionery. [from 19th c.]

peptic ulcer peptic ulcers n
othras peipteach
(pathology) An ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract.

perambulate /pəɹˈæmbjəˌleɪt/ /pəɹˈæmbjʊˌleɪt/ v
máirseáil
(intransitive) To walk about, roam or stroll.

perceive /pəˈsiːv/ /pɚˈsiv/ v
airigh
(transitive) To become aware of, through the physical senses, to see; to understand.

perception /pəˈsɛpʃn̩/ /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ perceptions n
braistint
Conscious understanding of something.

perceptive /pəˈsɛptɪv/ /pɚˈsɛptɪv/ more perceptive most perceptive adj
airitheach braiteach céadfach céadfaíoch grinn léirsteanach
Having or showing keenness or sharpness of perception, insight, understanding, or intuition.

perch /pɜːtʃ/ /pɝt͡ʃ/ perch perches n
péirse
Any of the three species of spiny-finned freshwater fish in the genus Perca.
fara
A rod, staff, tree branch, ledge, etc., used as a roost by a bird.

percipient more percipient most percipient adj
airitheach braiteach tuisceanach
Having the ability to perceive, especially to perceive quickly.

percipient percipients n
airitheoir
(philosophy, psychology) One who perceives something.

percolate /ˈpɜːkəleɪt/ /ˈpɝkjəleɪt/ /ˈpɝkəleɪt/ v
síothlaigh
(transitive) To pass a liquid through a porous substance; to filter.
(intransitive) To drain or seep through a porous substance.
(transitive) To make (coffee) in a percolator.

percolator /ˈpɜːkəleɪtə/ /ˈpɝkəleɪtɚ/ percolators n
síothlán
A device used to brew coffee by passing boiling water through coffee grounds

percussion /pɚˈkʌʃən/ percussions n
cnaguirlis
(music) The section of an orchestra or band containing percussion instruments; such instruments considered as a group; in bands, may be separate from drum kits.

percussionist percussionists n
cnagcheoltóir
A trained musician who plays percussion instruments, as opposed to a drummer who lacks formal training.

peregrine falcon /ˈpɛɹəɡɹɪn ˈfælkən/ /ˈpɛɹəɡɹɪn ˈfɔː(l)kən/ peregrine falcons n
fabhcún gorm seabhac gorm seabhac seilge
A medium-sized, very swift falcon, of species Falco peregrinus, that hunts small birds.

perennial /pəˈɹɛn.i.əl/ /pəˈɹɛn.j(ə)l/ /pəˈɹɛn.ɪ.əl/ adj
ilbhliantúil
Lasting or remaining active throughout the year, for multiple years, or all the time.
(botany) Of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons.

perfect /ˈpɜː.fɛkt/ /ˈpɜː.fɪkt/ /ˈpɝ.fɪkt/ more perfect most perfect perfecter perfectest adj
foirfe
Having all of its parts in harmony with a common purpose.
(grammar, of a tense or verb form) Representing a completed action.

perfection /pɚˈfɛk.ʃən/ perfections n
foirfeacht
The quality or state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing substandard remains; the highest attainable state or degree of excellence

perforate /ˈpəːfəreɪt/ v
toll
(transitive) To pierce; to penetrate.

perforator perforators n
polltóir
A machine that can bore a tunnel underground

performance /pəɹ.ˈfɔɹ.məns/ [pə.ˈfɔː.məns] [pɚ.ˈfɔɹ.məns] performances n
gníomhaíocht

perfume /pɚˈfjuːm/ /ˈpɚfjuːm/ /ˈpɜːfjuːm/ /ˈpɝfjuːm/ perfumes n
cumhrán
A pleasant smell; the scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor

perfumer /pəˈfjuːmə/ /ˈpəːfjʊmə/ perfumers n
ungadóir
A person who makes or sells perfume.

perfunctorily /pəɹˈfʌŋkt(ə)ɹɪli/ more perfunctorily most perfunctorily adv
ar nós cuma liom
In a perfunctory manner, without interest or concern for quality.

perfunctory /pəˈfʌŋk.t(ə)ɹɪ/ /pɚˈfʌŋk.tɚ.i/ more perfunctory most perfunctory adj
neamhaireach sleamchúiseach
Performed in a careless or indifferent manner as a thing of rote.

perhaps /pəˈhæps/ /pəˈɹæps/ /pɚˈhæps/ /ˈpɹæps/ adv
b'fhéidir
Possibly.
(dated) By chance.

periapsis periapses periapsides periapsises n
pearaipsis

perigee /ˈpɛɹ.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒiː/ perigees n
peirigithe peirigí
(astronomy) The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is closest to the Earth: the periapsis of an Earth orbiter.

perineum /ˌpɛ.ɹɪˈniː.əm/ /ˌpɛɹ.əˈniː.əm/ /ˌpɛɹ.ɪˈni.əm/ perinea perineums n
gibidinic

period /ˈpi.ɹɪd/ /ˈpɪə.ɹi.əd/ /ˈpɪə.ɹɪ.əd/ /ˈpɪɚ.i.əd/ /ˈpɪɹ.i.əd/ periods n
peiriad
(chemistry) A row in the periodic table of the elements. [from 19th c.]

periodic /ˌpɪə-/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɒdɪk/ adj
féiltiúil
tréimhsiúil
Occurring at regular intervals.
(astronomy) Pertaining to the revolution of a celestial object in its orbit.

periodic table /ˌpɪə-/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk ˈteɪbəl/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɒdɪk ˈteɪb(ə)l/ periodic tables n
tábla peiriadach
(chemistry) A tabular chart of the chemical elements according to their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties are in the same group (column).

periodical /ˌpɪəɹiˈɒdɪkl̩/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪkl̩/ periodicals n
tréimhseachán
A regularly issued thematic publication that contains the most current information in its field, often the primary means for communication of original scholarship or creative work at the cutting edge of research in its field.

peripheral device peripheral devices n
gléas forimeallach
(computer hardware) An electronic device that is outside the computer's system unit (external to the computer's enclosing case), but used by the computer to which it is connected, such as a printer or a scanner.

peristyle /ˈpɛɹəstaɪl/ /ˈpɛɹɪstaɪl/ peristyles n
peiristíl
A colonnade surrounding a courtyard, temple, etc., or the yard enclosed by such columns. [from 17th c.]
A porch surrounded by columns. [from 17th c.]

peritoneum /ˌpɛ.ɹɪ.təˈniː.əm/ peritonea peritoneums n
seicin
(anatomy) In mammals, the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and that is folded over the viscera.

peritonitis peritonites peritonitides n
peireatóiníteas
(pathology) Inflammation of the peritoneum, especially when caused by an infectious organism introduced into the abdominal cavity.

periwinkle /ˈpɛɹ.ɪˌwɪŋ.kəl/ periwinkles n
faocha gioradán miongán
A mollusk of family Littorinidae.
bláth na faochan fincín
Similar plants of genus Catharanthus.

perjury /ˈpɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəɹi/ perjuries n
mionn bréige mionn éithigh
(legal) The deliberate giving of false or misleading testimony under oath.

permafrost /ˈpɝməˌfɹɔst/ permafrosts n
talamh shíorshioctha talamh síorshioctha
Permanently frozen ground, or a specific layer thereof.

permanence /ˈpɜmənəns/ /ˈpɜɹmənəns/ permanences n
buaine marthanaí síoraíocht
The state of being permanent.

permanent magnet permanent magnets n
buanmhaighnéad
(physics) A material, or piece of such material, which retains its magnetism even when not subjected to any external magnetic fields.

permeability /ˌpɜːmi.əˈbɪlɪti/ /ˌpɝmi.əˈbɪlɪti/ permeabilities n
tréscaoilteacht
The property of being permeable.
(physics) A quantitative measure of the degree of magnetization of a material in the presence of an applied magnetic field (measured in newtons per ampere squared in SI units).

permeable /ˈpɜː(ɹ)miəbəl/ more permeable most permeable adj
tréscaoilteach
(by extension) Allowing the passage of persons, information, or other things, especially when such passage occurs despite hopes or expectations otherwise.

permit /pəˈmɪt/ /pɚˈmɪt/ /ˈpɜːmɪt/ /ˈpɝmɪt/ v
ceadaigh lamháil leomh lig
(transitive) To allow (someone) to do something; to give permission to. [from 15th c.]

perpetual /pəˈpɛtjʊəl/ /pəˈpɛtʃʊəl/ /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃuəl/ adj
síoraí
Lasting forever, or for an indefinitely long time.
Continuing; uninterrupted.

perpetually /pəˈpɛtjʊəli/ /pəˈpɛtʃʊəli/ /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃuəli/ more perpetually most perpetually adv
de ghréas
Seeming to never end; endlessly; constantly.

perpetuity /ˌpɜː(ɹ)pɪˈtjuːɪti/ /ˌpɝpəˈtuːɪti/ perpetuities n
buaine síoraíocht
(uncountable) The quality or state of being perpetual; endless duration; uninterrupted existence.
buanbhlianacht
(countable, finance) An annuity in which the periodic payments begin on a fixed date and continue indefinitely.

perplexity /pəɹˈplɛksəti/ /pəˈplɛksɪti/ perplexities n
aincheas
The state or quality of being perplexed.

perry /ˈpɛɹi/ perries n
leann piorra
A fermented alcoholic beverage made from pears; somewhat analogous to cider.

persecute /ˈpɜːsɪkjuːt/ /ˈpɝsəkjut/ v
déan géarleanúint ar
To pursue in a manner to do harm or cruelty to; especially, because of the victim's race, sexual identity, or adherence to a particular belief.

persecution /ˌpɜːsəˈkjuːʃən/ /ˌpɝsəˈkjuʃən/ persecutions n
géarleanúint
The act of persecuting, especially a specific group of people; an instance of persecution.

perseverance /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪəɹəns/ /ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/ perseverances n
buanseasmhacht buanseasamh
Continuing in a course of action without regard to discouragement, opposition or previous failure.

persevering more persevering most persevering adj
buanseasmhach síoraí
Tending to persevere.

persimmon /pəɹˈsɪmən/ /pɜːˈsɪmən/ /ˈpɜːsəmən/ persimmons n
dátphluma
A type of fruit, of orange colour, very sweet, quite astringent when immature.
crann dátphlumaí
The tree this fruit grows on, generally one of two species of ebony: Diospyros kaki (Asian) or Diospyros virginiana (North American).

person /ˈpɑsən/ /ˈpɜːsən/ /ˈpɝsən/ [ˈpʰɜːsn̩] [ˈpʰɝsn̩] people persons n
duine
(in a compound noun or noun phrase) A human of unspecified gender (in terms usually constructed with man or woman).
duine daoine
An individual who has been granted personhood; usually a human being. [from 13th c.]
(law) Any individual or formal organization with standing before the courts. [from 14th c.]
pearsa duine
(grammar) A linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom they are speaking. See grammatical person. [from 14th c.]

persona non grata /pə(ɹ)ˈsəʊnə nɒn ˈɡɹɑːtə/ personae non gratae n
persona neamh grata
A person who is not welcome, especially a diplomat in a foreign country.

personable /ˈpɜː(ɹ)sənəbəl/ more personable most personable adj
dathúil pearsanta pearsantach
(of a person) Having a pleasing appearance; attractive; handsome.

personal /ˈpɜː.sə.nəl/ /ˈpɜːs.nəl/ /ˈpɝ.sə.nəl/ /ˈpɝs.nəl/ more personal most personal adj
pearsanta
Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals

personal lubricant personal lubricants n
bealadh
Any lubricant used during human sexual activity to reduce friction between body parts, or between body parts and other objects.

personal pronoun personal pronouns n
forainm pearsanta
A pronoun which, in English, refers to one or a combination of the following:
Another person or group of people. (third person)
Any pronoun, with an antecedent, standing in as the subject or object of a verb.

personal property personal properties n
maoin phearsanta
(legal) Any property that is movable, that is, not real estate.

personality /-i/ /pɜːsəˈnælətɪ/ /ˌpɝsəˈnælɪti/ [ˌpɝsəˈnælɪɾi] personalities n
tréithe pearsanta
(of people) A set of non-physical psychological and social qualities that make one person distinct from another.

persuade /pəˈsweɪd/ /pɚˈsweɪd/ v
cuir i bhfeidhm
(transitive, now, rare, regional) To urge, plead; to try to convince (someone to do something). [from 16th c.]

pertinence pertinences n
ábharthacht
The quality of being pertinent.

perturb /pɚˈtɝb/ v
buair
To disturb; to bother or unsettle.

perturbed more perturbed most perturbed adj
múisiamach

perverse /pəˈvɜːs/ /pɚˈvɝs/ more perverse most perverse perverser perversest adj
ainbhreitheach
(legal, of a verdict) Ignoring the evidence or the judge's opinions.

pessimist /ˈpɛsɪmɪst/ pessimists n
duarcán
Someone who habitually expects the worst outcome; one who looks on the dark side of things.

pest /pɛst/ pests n
crá croí
An annoying person, a nuisance.

pestiferous /ˌpɛsˈtɪfəɹəs/ more pestiferous most pestiferous adj
aicídeach
containing organisms that cause contagious diseases

pestilence /ˈpɛstlən(t)s/ /ˈpɛstələn(t)s/ /ˈpɛstɪlən(t)s/ pestilences n
aicíd
Any epidemic disease that is highly contagious, infectious, virulent and devastating.

pestle /ˈpɛsəl/ pestles n
tuairgnín
A club-shaped, round-headed stick used in a mortar to pound, crush, rub or grind things.

pet /pɛt/ [pʰɛt] [pʰɛʔt] pets n
peata
An animal kept as a companion.

pet /pɛt/ [pʰɛt] [pʰɛʔt] v
déan peataireacht muirnigh
(transitive) To stroke or fondle (an animal).

petal /ˈpɛtl̩/ petals n
peiteal
(botany) One of the component parts of the corolla of a flower. It applies particularly, but not necessarily only, when the corolla consists of separate parts, that is when the petals are not connately fused. Petals are often brightly colored.

petiole /ˈpɛti.oʊl/ /ˈpɛti.əʊl/ petioles n
peitín
(botany) The stalk of a leaf, attaching the blade to the stem.

petition /pəˈtɪʃ.ən/ petitions n
achairt
achainí
A formal, written request made to an official person or organized body, often containing many signatures.
A compilation of signatures built in order to exert moral authority in support of a specific cause.
(legal) A formal written request for judicial action.

petition /pəˈtɪʃ.ən/ v
achainigh impigh
(transitive) To make a request to, commonly in written form.

petitioner petitioners n
achainíoch
(legal) Someone who presents a petition to a court.

petrel /ˈpɛtɹəl/ petrels n
guairdeall peadairín
Any of various species of black, grey, or white seabirds in the order Procellariiformes.

petro- prefix
peitri-
stone
petroleum

petrochemical adj
peitriceimiceach
Of or pertaining to the such compounds, or the industry that produces them.

petrochemical petrochemicals n
peitriceimiceán
(petrochemistry) Any compound derived from petroleum or natural gas.

petroleum jelly petroleum jellies n
veasailín
A pale yellow semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum; used in lubricants and ointments.

petticoat /ˈpet.ɪ.kəʉt/ /ˈpɛt.ɪ.koʊt/ /ˈpɛt.ɪ.kəʊt/ /ˈpɛtɪkət/ [ˈpeɾ.ɪ.kəʉt] [ˈpɛɾ.ɪ.koʊt] petticoats n
cóta beag
(archaic, or, historical) A type of ornamental skirt or underskirt, often displayed below a dress; chiefly in plural, designating a woman's skirts collectively.
A light woman's undergarment worn under a dress or skirt, and hanging either from the shoulders or (now especially) from the waist; a kind of slip, worn to make the skirt fuller, or for extra warmth.

petting /ˈpɛtɪŋ/ [ˈpʰɛɾɪŋ] pettings n
peataireacht peataíocht
The act of stroking or gently patting an animal.

petty cash n
mionairgead
Cash available for trivial purchases, especially limited funds for employees to use without close supervision.

petty spurge n
easpa eorna
The plant Euphorbia peplus.

pew /pjuː/ pews n
suíochán
Any structure shaped like a church pew, such as a stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in a theatre; or a pen or sheepfold.

pewter /ˈpjutɚ/ /ˈpjuːtə/ [ˈpjuɾɚ] pewters n
péatar
An alloy of approximately 93–98% tin and 1–2% copper, and the balance of antimony.

pewterer pewterers n
péataróir
A manufacturer of pewterware.

pewterware /ˈpjuːtə(ɹ)ˌwɛə(ɹ)/ pewterwares n
gréithe péatair
Articles made from pewter.

phalanx /ˈfeɪ.ˌlæŋks/ /ˈfæ.ˌlæŋks/ phalanges phalanxes n
falang
(historical, plural phalanxes) An ancient Greek and Macedonian military unit that consisted of several ranks and files (lines) of soldiers in close array with joined shields and long spears.
(skeleton, plural phalanges) One of the bones of the finger or toe.

phantom /ˈfæntəm/ phantoms n
amhailt
Something apparently seen, heard, or sensed, but having no physical reality; an image that appears only in the mind; an illusion or delusion.

phantom pain phantom pains n
pian bhréige
(medicine, pathology) A sensation of pain coming from a part of the body that has been amputated, or in which the nerves have been destroyed.

pharmaceutical /ˌfɑɹməˈs(j)utɪkl̩/ /ˌfɑː.məˈkjuː.tɪ.kl̩/ /ˌfɑː.məˈs(j)uː.tɪ.kl̩/ adj
cógaisíochta cógaseolaíoch
(medicine, pharmacy, pharmacology) Of or relating to pharmacy or pharmacists.

pharmacist /ˈfɑɹməsɪst/ pharmacists n
poitigéir cógaiseoir
(pharmacy) A health professional who controls, formulates, preserves, and dispenses medications and provides medical advice and counseling on how medicines should be used in order to achieve maximum benefit, and minimal side effects in order to avoid drug interactions.

pharmacology /ˌfɑɹməˈkɒləd͡ʒi/ n
míochaine
The science of drugs, including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.

pharmacy /ˈfɑɹməsi/ /ˈfɑːməsi/ pharmacies n
cógaslann siopa poitigéara
(countable) A place where prescription drugs are sold or dispensed.
cógaisíocht poitigéireacht
(uncountable) The science of medicinal substances, inclusive of pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, phytochemistry, and forensics.
poitigéireacht
(uncountable) The role or occupation of a pharmacist.

pharynx /ˈfa.ɹɪŋks/ /ˈfæɹ.ɪŋks/ /ˈfɛɹ.ɪŋks/ pharynges pharynxes n
faraing
(anatomy) The part of the alimentary canal and respiratory tract that extends from the back of the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus.

pheasant /ˈfɛzənt/ pheasants n
piasún
(countable) A bird of family Phasianidae, often hunted for food.

pheasant's eye pheasant's eyes pheasants' eyes n
Adónas bliantúil
Any of genus Adonis of flowering plants in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae), native to Europe and Asia, particularly

phenol /ˈfinɑl/ /ˈfinəl/ /ˈfiːnɒl/ /ˈfiːnəl/ phenols n
feanól
(organic compound, uncountable) A caustic, poisonous, white crystalline compound, C6H5OH, derived from benzene and used in resins, plastics, and pharmaceuticals and in dilute form as a disinfectant and antiseptic; once called carbolic acid
(organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of aromatic organic compounds having at least one hydroxyl group attached directly to the benzene ring (or other aromatic ring)

phenolphthalein /ˌfi.nl̩ˈθæl.i.ɪn/ /ˌfi.nl̩ˈθæˌlin/ /ˌfiː.nɒlˈ(f)θa.liːn/ /ˌfiː.nɒlˈ(f)θeɪ.liːn/ phenolphthaleins n
feanóltailéin

phenotype /ˈfiː.noʊˌtaɪp/ /ˈfiː.nə(ʊ)ˌtaɪp/ /ˈfiː.nəˌtaɪp/ phenotypes n
feinitíopa
(genetics, evolutionary theory) The appearance of an organism based on a multifactorial combination of genetic traits and environmental factors, especially used in pedigrees.

phi /faɪ/ /fiː/ phis n
fí
Φ, the 21st letter of the Euclidean and modern Greek alphabet, usually romanized as "ph".

philanthropic more philanthropic most philanthropic adj
daonchairdiúil
Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by philanthropy; loving or helping mankind

philanthropy /fɪˈlæn.θɹə.pi/ /fɪˈlæn.θɹə.piː/ philanthropies n
daonnachtúlacht
(chiefly, _, uncountable) Benevolent altruism with the intention of increasing the well-being of humankind.

philatelic more philatelic most philatelic adj
stampshanais
Of or relating to philately or of interest to philatelists.

philological adj
focleolaíoch

philologist philologists n
focleolaí
A person who engages in philology (historical linguistics), especially as a profession; a collector of words and their etymologies.

philology /fɪˈlɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /fɪˈlɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/ /fɪˈlɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ philologies n
focleolaíocht
(philosophy) Love and study of learning and literature, broadly speaking.

philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfəɹ/ /fɪˈlɒs.ə.fə(ɹ)/ philosophers n
fealsamh
(archaic) A person who applies the principles of philosophy to the conduct of their life, as by acting calmly and rationally in the face of inevitable change.
(archaic) A student, scholar, or expert in any branch of knowledge, especially those branches studied prior to being considered part of pure science.

philosopher's stone philosopher's stones n
órchloch
(alchemy, uncountable) A supposed substance able to turn base metals, such as lead or mercury, into gold or silver, also sometimes claimed to cure any illness (as panacea) or confer immortality (as elixir of life), among other functions.

philosophy /fɪˈlɑsəfi/ /fɪˈlɒsəfi/ philosophies n
fealsúnacht
(uncountable) An academic discipline that seeks truth through reasoning rather than empiricism, often attempting to provide explanations relating to general concepts such as existence and rationality.

philtrum /ˈfɪl.tɹəm/ philtra philtrums n
filtream
(anatomy) The shallow vertical groove running from the nasal septum to the center of the upper lip.

phishing /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ n
fioscaireacht
The act of circumventing security with an alias.

phlebitis /flɪˈbaɪtɪs/ phlebitides n
fleibíteas
(pathology) Inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs.

phlegm /fliːm/ /flɛm/ phlegms n
réama
Viscid mucus produced by the body, later especially mucus expelled from the bronchial passages by coughing. [from 14th c.]
fuarchúis
Calmness of temperament, composure; also seen negatively, sluggishness, indifference. [from 16th c.]

phlegmatic /flɛɡˈmætɪk/ more phlegmatic most phlegmatic adj
fuarchúiseach
Not easily excited to action or passion; calm; sluggish.

phobia /ˈfoʊbi.ə/ /ˈfəʊbɪə/ phobiae phobias phobiæ n
fóibe
An irrational, abnormal, or obsessive fear (of something).

phone /foʊ̯n/ /fəʊ̯n/ phones n
foghar
(phonetics) A speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties, considered as a physical event without regard to its place in the phonology of a language.

phonetician /ˌfoʊ.nəˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ /ˌfɑ.nəˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ /ˌfɒn.ɪˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ /ˌfɔn.ɪˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ /ˌfəʊ.nɪˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ phoneticians n
foghraí
A person who specializes in the physiology, acoustics, and perception of speech.

phonetics /fəˈnɛtɪks/ n
foghraíocht
(linguistics) The study of the physical sounds of human speech, concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phones), and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception, and their representation by written symbols.

phonic /ˈfoʊ.nɪk/ /ˈfɑn.ɪk/ /ˈfɒn.ɪk/ adj
foghrach fónach
Of or pertaining to sound; of the nature of sound; acoustic.

phonological /ˌfoʊ̯nəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌfɒnəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌfəʊ̯nəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
fóineolaíoch
Of or relating to phonology.

phonology /foʊ-/ /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/ /fəˈnɒləd͡ʒi/ /fəˈnɔləd͡ʒi/ phonologies n
foghareolaíocht fóineolaíocht
(uncountable) The study of the way sounds function in languages, including accent, intonation, phonemes, stress, and syllable structure, and which sounds are distinctive units within a language; (countable) the way sounds function within a given language; a phonological system. [from late 18th c.]
(by extension, uncountable) The study of the way components of signs function in a sign language, and which components are distinctive units within the language; (countable) the way components of signs function within a given sign language.

phosphate /ˈfɑsfeɪt/ /ˈfɒsfeɪt/ phosphates n
fosfáit
(chemistry) Any salt or ester of phosphoric acid.

phosphatic adj
fosfáiteach
Of, relating to, or composed of phosphate.

phosphinate phosphinates n
foisfíonáit hipeafoisfít
(organic chemistry) Any organophosphorus compound of general formula R2(R'O)P=O

phosphite phosphites n
foisfít
(chemistry) any salt or ester of phosphorous acid

phospholipid phospholipids n
fosfailipid
(organic compound) Any lipid, such as lecithin or cephalin, consisting of a diglyceride combined with a phosphate group and a simple organic molecule such as choline or ethanolamine; they are important constituents of biological membranes.

phosphorescence /ˌfɑs.fəˈɹɛs.əns/ /ˌfɒs.fəˈɹɛs.əns/ phosphorescences n
méarnáil
The emission of light without any perceptible heat; the quality of being phosphorescent.

phosphorus /ˈfɑs.fɚ.əs/ /ˈfɒs.fə.ɹəs/ /ˈfɒs.fɹəs/ phosphori phosphoruses n
fosfar
(chemistry) a chemical element (symbol P) with an atomic number of 15, that exists in several allotropic forms.

phosphorylation phosphorylations n
fosfairiliú fosfairiliúchán
(biochemistry) the process of transferring a phosphate group from a donor to an acceptor; often catalysed by enzymes.

photo shoot photo shoots n
fótaisheisiún
A session in which a photographer takes shots of an individual or group.

photocathode photocathodes n
fótacatóid
(physics) A cathode that emits electrons when exposed to light.

photochemical adj
fótaiceimiceach
(chemistry) Of, relating to, or produced by photochemistry or by photochemical reactions

photochemistry photochemistries n
fótaiceimic
(chemistry) The study of photochemical reactions.

photochromism photochromisms n
fótacrómachas
The reversible transformation of the optical properties of a material when exposed to electromagnetic radiation, especially the reversible darkening of a plastic lens when exposed to sunlight.

photoconductivity photoconductivities n
fótaisheoltacht
(physics) The increase in the electrical conductivity of a material as a result of incident electromagnetic radiation.

photocopier photocopiers n
fótachóipeálaí fótachóipire gléas fótachóipeála
A machine which reproduces documents by photographing the original over a glass plate and printing duplicates.

photocopy /ˈfəʊtəˌkɒpi/ photocopies n
fótachóip
A copy made using a photocopier.

photocopy /ˈfəʊtəˌkɒpi/ v
fótachóipeáil
To make a copy using a photocopier.

photodiode photodiodes n
fótaidhé-óid
(electronics) A semiconductor two-terminal component whose electrical characteristics are light-sensitive.

photodisintegration /ˈfoʊ.toʊ.dɪs.ɪn.tɪˌɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˈfoʊ.ɾoʊ.də-/ /ˈfoʊ.ɾoʊ.dɪ.sɪɾ̃.əˌɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˈfoʊ.ɾə.də-/ /ˈfoʊ.ɾə.dɪ-/ [-sɪn.əˌɡɹeɪ.ʃən] photodisintegrations n
fóta-dhíscaoileadh
(nuclear physics) Any nuclear reaction, especially a nuclear fission, initiated by absorption of high-energy electromagnetic radiation such as a gamma ray.

photoelasticity photoelasticities n
fótaileaisteachas
a technique for studying and measuring the stresses and strains in an object by means of mechanical birefringence

photoelectric adj
fótaileictreach
Of or relating to the electric effects of electromagnetic radiation, especially the ejection of an electron from a surface by a photon.

photoelectric cell photoelectric cells n
fótaichill
A transducer that generates an electric current proportional to the light intensity.

photoelectron photoelectrons n
fótaileictreon
(physics) An electron ejected from the surface of a material by the photoelectric effect.

photoemissive more photoemissive most photoemissive adj
fótastaíoch
Of or relating to photoemission.

photogenic /ˌfoʊ.toʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪk/ /ˌfoʊ.təˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪk/ /ˌfəʊ.təʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪk/ more photogenic most photogenic adj
fótaigineach
Looking good when photographed.

photogrammetry photogrammetries n
fótagraiméadracht fótagramaíocht
The making of precise measurements from photographs.
The making of maps from photographs, especially from aerial surveying.

photograph /ˈfoʊ.tə.ˌɡɹæf/ /ˈfəʊ.tə.ˌɡɹɑːf/ [ˈfoʊ̯.ɾə.ˌɡɹ̠æf] [ˈfəʊ̯.tʰə̥.ˌɡɹ̠ɑːf] photographs n
grianghraf fótagraf
A picture created by projecting an image onto a photosensitive surface such as a chemically treated plate or film, CCD receptor, etc.

photographer /fəˈtɑɡɹəfɚ/ /fəˈtɒɡɹəfə/ photographers n
grianghrafadóir
One who takes photographs, typically as an occupation.

photographic /ˌfoʊtəˈɡɹæfɪk/ [ˌfoʊɾəˈɡɹæfɪk] more photographic most photographic adj
fótagrafach
Pertaining to photographs or photography.

photography /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fi/ /fəˈtɒ.ɡɹə.fi/ photographies n
grianghrafadóireacht fótagrafaíocht
The art and technology of producing images on photosensitive surfaces, and its digital counterpart.

photogravure photogravures n
fótaghrábháil
(uncountable) An intaglio process for printing photographic reproductions in newspapers and books.

photojournalism n
fóta-iriseoireacht
A form of journalism in which a story is told primarily through photographs and other images

photojournalist photojournalists n
fóta-iriseoir
A journalist who uses photojournalism.

photolyase photolyases n
fótaláis
(enzyme) An enzyme that repairs DNA that has been damaged by light.

photolysis n
fótalú
(chemistry) Any chemical reaction in which a compound is decomposed after absorbing a photon

photomagnetism n
fótamaighnéadas
The branch of science that deals with the relation of magnetism to light, or the effect in which a material acquires or loses its ferromagnetic properties in response to light.

photomap photomaps n
fótailéarscáil fótamapa
(cartography) a map made by the superimposition of aerial photographs onto grid lines, contours and other normal map features

photometer /fəˈtɑmɪtɚ/ /fəˈtɒmɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈfoʊtoʊˌmitɚ/ /ˈfəʊtəʊˌmiːtə(ɹ)/ photometers n
fótaiméadar
(physics) Any of several instruments used to measure various aspects of the intensity of light.

photometry photometries n
fótaiméadracht
(physics) The measurement of various aspects of light, especially its intensity.
(astronomy) The measurement of the intensity and spectrum of light from stars.

photomicrography n
fótaimicreagrafaíocht
(photography) Photography using a microscope.

photomontage photomontages n
fótamontáis
(photography) A composite image combining two or more photographs.

photomosaic photomosaics n
fótamósáic
(photography) A composite image made of individual photographs, normally of the same shape and size, placed together - to show a panoramic view etc.

photomultiplier photomultipliers n
fóta-iolróir
(physics) A device, normally in the form of a tube, that uses a photocathode to convert photons into photoelectrons which are then amplified

photonasty n
fótanastacht
A nastic response to a change in light levels.

photonics /foʊˈtɑnɪks/ n
fótónaic
(sciences) The science and technology of generating and controlling photons, particularly in the visible and near infrared light spectrum.

photoperiodism photoperiodisms n
fótathréimhseacht
(biology) The growth, development and other responses of plants and animals according to the length of day and/or night.

photophosphorylation photophosphorylations n
fótafosfairiliú
(biochemistry) photosynthetic phosphorylation

photorealistic /ˌfoʊ.toʊˌɹiː.əlˈɪs.tɪk/ more photorealistic most photorealistic adj
fótairéalaíoch
(arts) of or pertaining to photorealism

photoreceptor photoreceptors n
fótaghabhdóir
(biology) A specialized neuron or other structure able to detect and react to light.

photoresist photoresists n
fótafhriotaí fótaifhriotán
A light-sensitive film used in photolithography and photoengraving.

photosensitive more photosensitive most photosensitive adj
fótamhothálach
having a reaction to, or able to be affected by, light

photosynthesis /ˌfoʊ.toʊ.ˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/ /ˌfəʊ.təʊ.ˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/ [ˌfŏʊ.ɾoʊ.ˈsɪn̪.θə.sɪs] [ˌfəʊ.tʰəʊ.ˈsɪn̪.θə.sɪs] photosyntheses n
fótaisintéis
(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any process by which plants and other photoautotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy.

photosynthetic more photosynthetic most photosynthetic adj
fótaisintéiseach
Of, relating to, or employing photosynthesis.

phototactic more phototactic most phototactic adj
fótaluadrach
of or relating to phototaxis

phototherapy phototherapies n
fótaiteiripe
The use of light to treat disorders of the skin, and certain mood disorders.

phototropic more phototropic most phototropic adj
fótatrópach
Having a tendency to move in response to light. An animal or microbe that is positively phototropic will move toward light. One that is negatively phototropic will move away from light.

phototropism phototropisms n
fótatrópacht
(biology) The movement of a plant towards or away from light.

phototypesetting n
fótachlóchuradóireacht
A printing process that generated columns of type on a scroll of photographic paper, using a phototypesetter

phototypography n
fótachlóghrafaíocht
A photomechanical method of printing made to resemble traditional metal typography

photovoltaic adj
fótavoltach
Producing a voltage when exposed to light.

photovoltaics n
fótavoltachas
(physics) The technology of the conversion of sunlight into electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect.

phrase /fɹeɪz/ phrases n
frása
A short written or spoken expression.
abairtín frása
(grammar) A word or, more commonly, a group of words that functions as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence, usually consisting of a head, or central word, and elaborating words.

phycology n
fíceolaíocht
The scientific study of algae.

phyllotaxis /fɪləˈtæksɪs/ phyllotaxes n
duilleagar
(botany) The arrangement of leaves on a stem, or the mathematical principles governing such arrangement.

phylo- prefix
fíli-
tribes, races or phyla

phylogenesis phylogeneses n
fíligineacht
Evolutionary development of a species.

phylogeny /faɪˈlɑd͡ʒəni/ /faɪˈlɒd͡ʒəni/ phylogenies n
fíligineacht
(systematics) The evolutionary history of groups of organisms, such as species or clades.

physical /ˈfɪzɪkəl/ more physical most physical adj
corpartha ábhartha
Pertaining to the world as understood through the senses rather than the mind; tangible, concrete; real. Having to do with the material world. [from 16th c.]
corpartha fisiceach fisiciúil
Having to do with the body as opposed to the mind; corporeal, bodily. [from 18th c.]

physical quantity physical quantities n
cainníocht fhisiceach
(physics) A physical property that can be measured or calculated from other physical property and expressed as the product of a numerical value and a physical unit.

physician /fɪˈzɪʃən/ physicians n
dochtúir lia
A medical doctor trained in human medicine.

physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ physicists n
fisiceoir fisicí
A person whose occupation specializes in the science of physics, especially at a professional level.

physicochemical adj
fisiciceimiceach
Of or pertaining to physical chemistry.

physics /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ n
fisic
The branch of science concerned with the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter and energy.

physiography physiographies n
fiseagrafaíocht
(geography) The subfield of geography that studies physical patterns and processes of the Earth. It aims to understand the forces that produce and change rocks, oceans, weather, and global flora and fauna patterns.

physiologist physiologists n
fiseolaí
A person who studies or specializes in physiology.

physiology /ˌfɪziˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌfɪziˈɒləd͡ʒi/ physiologies n
fiseolaíocht
A branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved.

physiotherapist physiotherapists n
fisiteiripeach fisiteiripeoir
(British) A therapist who treats physical injury or dysfunction, usually with exercise.

physiotherapy physiotherapies n
fisiteiripe
(British) Therapy that uses physical techniques such as massage, ultrasound, heat, and exercise.

phytosociology n
fíteasocheolaíocht
(ecology) The study of the ecology, classification and distribution of plant communities

phytotoxic more phytotoxic most phytotoxic adj
fíteatocsaineach

pi /paɪ/ pis n
pí
The 16th letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets and the seventeenth in Old Greek.
(mathematics) An irrational and transcendental constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter; approximately 3.14159265358979323846264338327950; usually written π.

pianist /piˈænɪst/ /ˈpi.ənɪst/ pianists n
pianódóir oirfideach pianó
A person who plays the piano, particularly with skill or as part of an orchestra.

piano /piˈænoʊ/ /piˈɑnoʊ/ /piˈɑːnəʊ/ adv
pianó
(music) softly, as a musical direction (abbreviated to p. in sheet music) [from 17th c.]

piano /paɪˈænoʊ/ /piˈænoʊ/ /piˈænəʊ/ pianoes pianos n
pianó
(musical instruments) a percussive keyboard musical instrument, usually ranging over seven octaves, with white and black colored keys, played by pressing these keys, causing hammers to strike strings [from 1803]

piano accordion piano accordions n
cairdín pianó pianóchairdín
(musical instruments) an accordion with a keyboard similar to that of a piano.

piano stool piano stools n
stól pianó
A round wooden stool used by piano players. It is less stable than the rectangular piano bench. The height can be adjusted by simply spinning the seat clockwise or counterclockwise, respectively.

piastre piastres n
piastar
(now, _, historical) A Spanish or Spanish-American coin and unit of currency, originally worth eight real.
A form of currency currently used as a subunit in the Middle Eastern and East African countries of Egypt, Jordan (partly including Palestine), Lebanon, South Sudan, Sudan, and Syria.

piccolo /ˈpɪkl̩oʊ/ /ˈpɪkoloʊ/ /ˈpɪkəloʊ/ /ˈpɪkələʊ/ piccoli piccolos n
fliúiteog
A piccolo flute A transverse flute that is smaller than a Western concert flute and pitched nearly an octave higher.

pick /pɪk/ [pʰɪk] picks n
piocóid
A tool used for digging; a pickaxe.
A tool for unlocking a lock without the original key; a lock pick, picklock.

pick /pɪk/ [pʰɪk] v
pioc
To grasp and pull with the fingers or fingernails.
To harvest a fruit or vegetable for consumption by removing it from the plant to which it is attached; to harvest an entire plant by removing it from the ground.
(dated) To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick, as with a pin.

pick on v
pioc ar
(transitive) To bully, harass, or make fun of a victim; to bother or harass.

pick up v
tóg pioc suas
(transitive) To learn, to grasp; to begin to understand; to realize.

pickaxe /ˈpɪkˌæks/ pickaxes n
piocóid
A heavy iron tool with a wooden handle; one end of the head is pointed, the other has a chisel edge.

picket /ˈpɪkɪt/ pickets n
staic
A stake driven into the ground.

pickpocket /ˈpɪkpɒkɪt/ pickpockets n
peasghadaí piocaire póca
One who steals from the pocket of a passerby, usually by sleight of hand.

picture /ˈpɪk(t)ʃə/ /ˈpɪk(t)ʃəɹ/ /ˈpɪt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ pictures n
pictiúr
A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a building) upon canvas, paper, or other surface, by drawing, painting, printing, photography, etc.
A photograph.
(in the plural, informal) ("the pictures") Cinema (as a form of entertainment).

pidgin /ˈpɪ.d͡ʒən/ /ˈpɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ pidgins n
nasctheanga
(linguistics) An amalgamation of two disparate languages, used by two populations having no common language as a lingua franca to communicate with each other, lacking formalized grammar and having a small, utilitarian vocabulary and no native speakers.

pie /paɪ/ /pɑɪ/ pies n
pióg
A type of pastry that consists of an outer crust and a filling.
A paper plate covered in cream, shaving foam or custard that is thrown or rubbed in someone’s face for comical purposes, to raise money for charity, or as a form of political protest; a custard pie; a cream pie.

piebald /ˈpaɪ.bɑld/ /ˈpaɪ.bɔld/ /ˈpaɪ.bɔːld/ more piebald most piebald adj
alabhreac ballach
Spotted or blotched, especially in black and white.

piece /piːs/ pieces n
píosa boim giota
A part of a larger whole, usually in such a form that it is able to be separated from other parts.
dréacht píosa saothar
An artistic creation, such as a painting, sculpture, musical composition, literary work, etc.

piece of paper pieces of paper n
giota páipéir píosa páipéir
A single sheet or scrap of paper.

pied /paɪd/ more pied most pied adj
alabhreac
Decorated or colored in blotches.

pier /pɪə(ɹ)/ /pɪɹ/ piers n
cé
A raised platform built from the shore out over water, supported on piles; used to secure, or provide access to shipping; a jetty.
piara
(architecture) A rectangular pillar, or similar structure, that supports an arch, wall or roof, or the hinges of a gate.

pier glass pier glasses n
scáthán piara
A tall narrow mirror, usually set between two windows, above a pier table.

pierce /pɜː(ɹ)s/ /pɪəs/ /pɪɹs/ v
toll poll
(transitive) To puncture; to break through.

piety /ˈpaɪ.ɪ.ti/ pieties n
crábhadh beannaíocht cráifeacht
(uncountable, religion) Reverence and devotion to God.

pig /ˈpɪɡ/ pigs n
muc
Any of several mammalian species of the genus Sus, having cloven hooves, bristles and a nose adapted for digging; especially the domesticated animal Sus domesticus.
muc alpachán alpaire craosaire pórc
(metaphorically, derogatory) Someone who overeats or eats rapidly and noisily.

pig iron pig irons n
muciarann
A type of crude, brittle iron shaped like a block, unsuitable for working but suitable for casting, commonly used as an industrial raw material.

pigeon /ˈpɪ.d͡ʒən/ /ˈpɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ pigeons n
colm colúr colmán
One of several birds of the family Columbidae, which consists of more than 300 species.

piggery piggeries n
cró muc cró muice
A place, such as a farm, where pigs are kept or raised.

piggy bank piggy banks n
muicín taisce
A small container, sometimes in the form of a pig, to store small saved coins in. Often the "bank" must be broken open to retrieve the contents.

piglet /ˈpɪɡ.lət/ piglets n
banbh
A young pig.

pigment /ˈpɪɡ.mənt/ pigments n
lí ábhar datha
A dry colorant, usually an insoluble powder

pigskin pigskins n
craiceann muice
Leather made from the skin of a pig.

pigsty /ˈpɪɡstaɪ/ pigsties n
cró muc cró muice
An enclosure where pigs are kept, either a building or part of one.

pika /ˈpaɪkə/ pikas n
pioca
Any of several small, furry mammals, similar to guinea pigs, but related to rabbits, of the family Ochotonidae, from the mountains of North America and Asia.

pike /paɪk/ pikes n
píce
(military, historical) A very long spear used two-handed by infantry soldiers for thrusting (not throwing), both for attacks on enemy foot soldiers and as a countermeasure against cavalry assaults.
gailliasc liús
Any carnivorous freshwater fish of the genus Esox, especially the northern pike, Esox lucius.

pilchard /ˈpɪl.tʃəd/ /ˈpɪl.t͡ʃɚd/ pilchard pilchards n
pilséar
Any of various small oily fish related to herrings, family Clupeidae.

pile /paɪl/ piles n
carnán
caitín
Hair, especially when very fine or short; the fine underfur of certain animals. (Formerly countable, now treated as a collective singular.)

pilgrimage /ˈpɪlɡɹɪmɪd͡ʒ/ pilgrimages n
oilithreacht turas
A journey made to a sacred place, or a religious journey.

pillage /ˈpɪl.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɪl.ɪd͡ʒ/ pillages n
slad
The spoils of war.
slad sladaireacht sladaíocht
The act of pillaging.

pillage /ˈpɪl.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɪl.ɪd͡ʒ/ v
creach slad
(ambitransitive) To loot or plunder by force, especially in time of war.

pillager pillagers n
sladaire sladaí
A person who pillages.

pillar /ˈpɪlə/ /ˈpɪlɚ/ pillars n
piléar
(architecture) A large post, often used as supporting architecture.

pillow /ˈpɛloʊ/ /ˈpɪloʊ/ /ˈpɪləʊ/ pillows n
adhairt ceannadhairt piliúr
A soft cushion used to support the head in bed.

pillow lava pillow lavas n
laibhe adhartach
(geology, countable) A rock of that type.

pillowcase /ˈpɘlɐʉˌkæes/ /ˈpɘlɘˌkæes/ /ˈpɪloʊˌkeɪs/ /ˈpɪləʊˌkeɪs/ /ˈpɪləˌkeɪs/ pillowcases n
clúdach piliúir
A washable, easily removable cloth cover for pillows.

pimento /pɪˈmɛntoʊ/ /pɪˈmɛntəʊ/ pimentoes pimentos n
pimeantó
A red sweet pepper, a cultivar of Capsicum annuum, used to make relish, stuffed into olives, or used as spice.

pimp /pɪmp/ pimps n
máistir striapach
Someone who solicits customers for prostitution and acts as manager for a group of prostitutes; a pander.

pimple /ˈpɪmp(ə)l/ pimples n
goirín
(dermatology) An inflamed (raised and colored) spot on the surface of the skin that is usually painful and fills with pus.

pin /pɪn/ [pʰɪn] pins n
biorán
A needle without an eye (usually) made of drawn-out steel wire with one end sharpened and the other flattened or rounded into a head, used for fastening.

pinafore /ˈpɪ.nəˌfɔ(ɹ)/ pinafores n
bibe pilirín
A sleeveless dress, often similar to an apron, generally worn over other clothes, and most often worn by young girls as an overdress.

pincer attack pincer attacks n
gluaiseacht phionsúir pionsúrghluaiseacht
(military) An attack in which two or more forces attack from multiple sides at once.

pincers /ˈpɪnsəɹz/ n
ordóg
The front claws of crustaceans such as lobsters.

pinch /pɪnt͡ʃ/ pinches n
liomóg scealpóg
The action of squeezing a small amount of a person's skin and flesh, making it hurt.
gráinne
A small amount of powder or granules, such that the amount could be held between fingertip and thumb tip.

pinch of salt pinches of salt n
gráinnín salainn pinsín salainn
A small amount of salt.

pine /paɪn/ pines n
giúis péine
(countable, uncountable) Any coniferous tree of the genus Pinus.
giúis
(countable) Any tree (usually coniferous) which resembles a member of this genus in some respect.
péine
(uncountable) The wood of this tree.

pine marten pine martens n
cat crainn
A species of marten native to Northern Europe, Martes martes.

pine needle pine needles n
spíonlach giúise
An adult leaf of an adult pine tree.

pine nut /ˈpaɪn ˌnʌt/ pine nuts n
cnó péine
The edible seed of any of several species of evergreen pine, especially Pinus pinea, Pinus cembra, and Pinus cembroides.

pine oil pine oils n
ola bhí
a mixture of monoterpene alcohols obtained from various species of Pinus, rich in α-terpineol

pineal gland /ˈpaɪ.niːəl ˌɡlænd/ /ˈpɪ.niːəl ˌɡlænd/ pineal glands n
faireog phinéalach
(anatomy, neuroanatomy) A small, pinecone-shaped endocrine gland found near the centre of the brain that produces melatonin.

pineapple /ˈpaɪnæpəl/ /ˈpaɪnəpəl/ /ˌpaɪnˈæpəl/ pineapples n
anann
(uncountable) The flesh of a pineapple fruit used as a food item.
(slang) An Australian fifty dollar note.
A decorative carving of a pineapple fruit used as a symbol of hospitality.

pineapple weed pineapple weeds n
lus anainn
Wild chamomile (Matricaria discoidea)

pinecone pinecones n
caor phéine buaircín giúise coirceog giúise
A seed-bearing conical fruit of a pine tree.

pink /pɪŋk/ [pʰɪŋk] pinker pinkest adj
bándearg
Having a colour between red and white; pale red.

pink /pɪŋk/ [pʰɪŋk] pinks n
bándearg
Pale red.

pinking shears n
siosúr scealptha
(sewing) A pair of scissors with zigzag cutting edges, used to cut fabric: the zigzag edge helps keep the fabric from fraying.

pinnacle /ˈpɪnəkəl/ pinnacles n
buaic spuaic
The highest point.
spuaic stuaic
(geology) A tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain.
stuaic
(architectural element) An upright member, generally ending in a small spire, used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire.

pinocytosis n
pinicíotóis
(biology) A form of endocytosis in which material enters a cell through its membrane and is incorporated in vesicles for digestion.

pins and needles n
codladh driúraic codladh gliúragáin codladh grifín diúracas eanglach
(informal) A tingling or prickling sensation, felt in a limb when a nerve compression is relieved and in other situations.

pinscher /ˈpɪnʃə(ɹ)/ pinschers n
pinséir
Any of several breeds of dog.

pint /paɪnt/ pints n
pionta
16 US fluid ounces [473 millilitres] for liquids (a US liquid pint) or
A unit of volume, equivalent to:
(UK, metonymy) A glass of beer or cider, served by the pint.

pinto /ˈpɪntəʊ/ pintoes pintos n
capall alabhreac capall breac
A horse with a patchy coloration that includes a white color.

pintuck pintucks n
mionfhilltín
(sewing) A very narrow tuck.

pinwheel pinwheels n
muileann
An artificial flower with a stem, usually plastic, for children: the flower spins round in the wind, like a small paper windmill.

pipe /paɪp/ pipes n
píb
(musical instrument) A wind instrument consisting of a tube, often lined with holes to allow for adjustment in pitch, sounded by blowing into the tube. [from 10th c.]
píopa
A rigid tube that transports water, steam, or other fluid, as used in plumbing and numerous other applications. [from 10th c.]
(lacrosse) One of the goalposts of the goal.
(computing, typography) The character |. [from 20th c.]

pipe band pipe bands n
banna píob
A musical band featuring bagpipes with musicians (pipers) dressed as kilted Scotsmen.

pipefish pipefish pipefishes n
snáthaid mhara
A small fish of subfamily Syngnathinae in the seahorse family, having a long thin body covered with partially ossified plates, the head long, and the jaws elongated so as to form a tubular snout.

pipeful pipefuls pipesful n
lán píopa
Enough tobacco to fill a pipe for smoking.

piper /ˈpaɪ.pə/ /ˈpaɪ.pɚ/ /ˈpʌɪ.pɚ/ pipers n
píobaire
A musician who plays a pipe.

pipit /ˈpɪpɪt/ pipits n
gobadán na cuaiche riabhóg
Any of various small passerine birds, mainly from the genus Anthus, that are often drab, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

pique /pik/ /piːk/ piques n
múisiam
(uncountable) Enmity, ill feeling; (countable) a feeling of animosity or a dispute.
stuaic
(uncountable) Irritation or resentment awakened by a social injury or slight; offence, especially taken in an emotional sense with little consideration or thought; (countable) especially in fit of pique: a transient feeling of wounded pride.

pirate /ˈpaɪ̯(ə)ɹət/ /ˈpaɪ̯(ə)ɹɪt/ pirates n
foghlaí mara píoráid
A criminal who plunders at sea; commonly attacking merchant vessels, though often pillaging port towns.

pirate radio pirate radios n
raidió bradach
Broadcasting without having the necessary license that covers the territory where the signals are received.

piss /pɪs/ pisses n
mún
(occasionally, vulgar, usually, _, uncountable, swear word) Urine. [from 14th c.]

piss /pɪs/ v
mún

pistachio /pɪsˈtæʃi.əʊ/ /pɪsˈtæʃioʊ/ /pɪsˈtɑʃioʊ/ pistachioes pistachios n
piostáis
The nutlike fruit of this tree.

pistol /ˈpɪstəl/ pistols n
piostal
A handgun [1570s]

pit bull terrier pit bull terriers n
tarbh-bhrocaire
A medium-sized dog historically bred for dogfighting.

pitch /pɪt͡ʃ/ pitches n
airde
(music, phonetics) The perceived frequency of a sound or note.
pic
A dark, extremely viscous material still remaining after distilling crude oil and tar.

pitch pine pitch pines n
giúis roisíneach
Any of various other pine trees from which pitch can be obtained, or which have very resinous wood, including members of species:

pitch pipe pitch pipes n
fideog airde
(music) A device much like a harmonica, used to supply a sought pitch.

pitch-black more pitch-black most pitch-black adj
ciardhubh
Very dark; without light.

pitch-dark adj
chomh dubh le pic dubh dorcha
Absolutely dark or black; as dark as pitch.

pitcher /ˈpɪtʃ.ə/ /ˈpɪt͡ʃ.ɚ/ [ˈpɪʔt͡ʃə] [ˈpɪʔt͡ʃɚ] pitchers n
crúsca
A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or handle.

pitchfork /ˈpɪt͡ʃˌfɔɹk/ pitchforks n
píce
An agricultural tool comprising a fork with sparse, light tines, attached to a long handle, used for pitching hay (especially loose hay) high up onto a stack (as on a wagon or haystack, or into a haymow).

pitfall /ˈpɪtfɔl/ /ˈpɪtfɔːl/ pitfalls n
gaiste
(figurative) A potential, unsuspected, hidden problem, hazard, or danger that is easily encountered but not immediately obvious.

pith /pɪθ/ piths n
garr laíon meideall
The soft, spongy substance inside plant parts; specifically, the parenchyma in the centre of the roots and stems of many plants and trees.

pitiless /ˈpɪtɪləs/ more pitiless most pitiless adj
cruachroíoch
Having, or showing, no pity; merciless, ruthless.

pituitary /pɪˈtjuːɪt(ə)ɹi/ /pɪˈtuɪˌtɛɹi/ /pɪˈt͡ʃuːɪt(ə)ɹi/ adj
piotútach
(anatomy) Of or relating to the pituitary gland.

pituitary gland pituitary glands n
faireog phiotútach hipifis hipifiseas
(anatomy) An endocrine gland, about the size of a pea, that sits in a small, bony cavity at the base of the brain whose secretions control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism, and maturation.

pity /ˈpɪ.ti/ pities n
trua
(uncountable) A feeling of sympathy at the misfortune or suffering of someone or something.
(countable) Something regrettable.

pity /ˈpɪ.ti/ v
trua a bheith agat do

pivot /ˈpɪv.ət/ pivots n
maighdeog
A thing on which something turns; specifically a metal pointed pin or short shaft in machinery, such as the end of an axle or spindle.

pizza /ˈpiːt.sə/ [ˈpʰit.sə] pizzas pizze n
píotsa
(uncountable) A baked Italian dish of a thinly rolled bread crust typically topped before baking with tomato sauce, cheese, and other ingredients such as meat or vegetables.
(countable) A single instance of this dish.

placard /ˈplæk.ɑɹd/ /ˈplæk.ɑːd/ /ˈplæk.ɚd/ placards n
fógra
A sheet of paper or cardboard with a written or printed announcement on one side for display in a public place.

place /pleɪs/ [pl̥eɪs] places n
plás
áit
A location or position in space.

place /pleɪs/ [pl̥eɪs] v
cuir
(ergative) To earn a given spot in a competition; to rank at a certain position ((often followed by an ordinal)).

place of worship places of worship n
ionad adhartha
A place, usually a building such as a church, mosque, synagogue or temple where believers can practise their faith.

placebo /pləˈsi.boʊ/ /pləˈsiː.bəʊ/ placeboes placebos n
placebo
(medicine) A dummy medicine containing no active ingredients; an inert treatment. [from 18th c.]

placename /ˈpleɪsneɪm/ placenames n
logainm

placenta /pləˈsɛntə/ placentae placentas n
slánú
(botany) In flowering plants, the part of the ovary where ovules develop; in non-flowering plants where the spores develop.

plagiarize /ˈpleɪd͡ʒi.əɹaɪz/ /ˈpleɪd͡ʒəɹaɪz/ v
bradaíl a dhéanamh
(ambitransitive) To use, and pass off as one's own, someone else's writing, speech, ideas, or other intellectual or creative work, especially in an academic context; to commit plagiarism.

plagiotropic more plagiotropic most plagiotropic adj
claontrópach
(botany) Growing at an oblique or almost horizontal angle

plague /pleɪɡ/ /plɛɡ/ [pʰl̥eɪɡ] [pʰɫ̥ɛːɡ] plagues n
Plá bhúbónach an Phlá Dhubh an Phlá Mhór
(often used with the, sometimes capitalized: the Plague) The bubonic plague, the pestilent disease caused by the virulent bacterium Yersinia pestis.
plá
(pathology) An epidemic or pandemic caused by any pestilence, but specifically by the above disease.
A widespread affliction, calamity or destructive influx, especially when seen as divine retribution.

plaice /pleɪs/ plaice plaices n
leathóg bhallach plás
Pleuronectes platessa (European plaice), commonly found in the North Sea and Irish Sea, with smooth brown skin and red or orange spots.

plain /pleɪn/ [pl̥eɪn] plainer plainest adj
pléineáilte simplí
Ordinary; lacking adornment or ornamentation; unembellished. [from 14th c.]
pléineáilte
Evident to one's senses or reason; manifest, clear, unmistakable. [from 14th c.]

plain /pleɪn/ [pl̥eɪn] plains n
machaire má
An expanse of land with relatively low relief and few trees, especially a grassy expanse.

plainsong plainsongs n
cantaireacht eaglasta réchantaireacht
(music) A form of monophonic chant in unison using the Gregorian scale, sung in various Christian churches.

plaintiff /ˈpleɪntɪf/ plaintiffs n
gearánaí éilitheoir
(law, UK, _, historic, otherwise, current) A party bringing a suit in civil law against a defendant; accuser.

plaintive /ˈpleɪntɪv/ more plaintive most plaintive adj
acaointeach
Sounding sorrowful, mournful or melancholic.

plan /plæn/ [plɛən] plans n
plean
A set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal.

planar /ˈpleɪnə/ /ˈpleɪnɚ/ more planar most planar adj
plánach
Of or pertaining to a plane.
Flat, two-dimensional.

plane /pleɪn/ planer planest adj
plánach
Of a surface: flat or level.

plane /pleɪn/ planes n
plána
(countable, carpentry) A tool for smoothing wood by removing thin layers from the surface.
eitleán
An airplane; an aeroplane.
plána
(countable) A deciduous tree of the genus Platanus.
(geometry) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane).

plane /pleɪn/ v
plánáil
(transitive, carpentry) To smooth (wood) with a plane.

plane table plane tables n
plánchlár
(cartography) A particular kind of instrument used by surveyors in mapmaking.

planet /ˈplænət/ /ˈplænɪt/ planets n
pláinéad
(now, historical, or, astrology) Each of the seven major bodies which move relative to the fixed stars in the night sky—the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. [from 14thc.]
(astronomy, historical) Any body that orbits the Sun, including the asteroids (as minor planets) and sometimes the moons of those bodies (as satellite planets)
pláinéad rinn
(astronomy, current) A body which is massive enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium (generally resulting in being an ellipsoid) but not enough to attain nuclear fusion and, in IAU usage, which directly orbits a star (or multiple star) and dominates the region of its orbit; specifically, in the case of the Solar system, the eight major bodies of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. [from 2006]

planetarium /pleənɪˈteə.ɹiəm/ /plænəˈtɛɚiəm/ /plænəˈtɛɹiəm/ /plænɪˈtɛəɹɪəm/ /plænɪˈtɛɚiəm/ /plænɪˈtɛɹiəm/ /plænɪˈtɛːɹi.əm/ planetaria planetariums n
pláinéadlann
A display museum in which images of stars and other astronomical phenomena are projected onto a domed ceiling.

planetary /ˈplænəˌtɛri/ /ˈplænɪtri/ /ˈplænɪtəri/ /ˈplænɪˌtɛəri/ adj
pláinéadach
(astronomy) Of, or relating to planets, or the orbital motion of planets.

planetary nebula planetary nebulae planetary nebulas n
réaltnéal pláinéadach
(astronomy) A nebulosity surrounding a dying red giant, consisting of material expelled by the star.

planetary science n
pláinéadeolaíocht
That branch of astronomy that deals with the planets of the solar system.

planetary system planetary systems n
córas pláinéadach

planetoid planetoids n
mionphláinéad
(astronomy, dated) An asteroid of any size

planetology n
pláinéadeolaíocht
(astronomy) The study of planets, planetary systems and the solar system.

planimeter planimeters n
plánaiméadar
An integrating device used to measure the area of an irregular figure via tracing its outline.

planimetric adj
plánaiméadrach

planimetry planimetries n
plánaiméadracht

plank /plæŋk/ planks n
clár plainc planc
A long, broad and thick piece of timber, as opposed to a board which is less thick.

plankton /ˈplæŋk.tən/ plankton planktons n
planctón
(uncountable) Organisms, especially small and microscopic ones, that drift in water.

plant /plænt/ /plɑːnt/ [pʰl̥eənt] [pʰl̥ænt] [pʰl̥ɑːnt] plants n
lus planda
(botany) An organism that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis. Typically a small or herbaceous organism of this kind, rather than a tree.

plantain /ˈplæn.teɪn/ /ˈplæntɪn/ /ˈplɑːntɪn/ [ˈplaː(n)ʔn̩] plantains n
cruach Phádraig cuach Phádraig naprún Phádraig
A plant of the genus Plantago, with a rosette of sessile leaves about 10 cm (4") long with a narrow part instead of a petiole, and with a spike inflorescence with the flower spacing varying widely among the species. See also psyllium.
plantán
The fruit of the plant, usually cooked before eating and used like potatoes.

plantigrade /ˈplæntəˌɡɹeɪd/ /ˈplæntɪɡɹeɪd/ [ˈpleə̯ɾ̃əˌɡɹeɪ̯d] adj
bonnsiúlach
(zoology) Of an animal: walking with the entire sole of the foot on the ground.

plasma /ˈplæzmə/ plasmas plasmata n
plasma
(physics) A state of matter consisting of partially ionized gas and electrons.
plasma fuilphlasma plasma fola
(hematology) A clear component of blood or lymph containing fibrin.

plasma display plasma displays n
taispeáint phlasma
A flat-screen display, for television or personal computers, consisting of a matrix of cells filled with an inert, ionized gas; three cells (red, green and blue) constituting a single pixel

plaster /ˈpla.stə/ /ˈpla.stəɹ/ /ˈplæs.tɚ/ /ˈplɑː.stə/ plasters n
plástar
(uncountable) A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand, and water, sometimes with the addition of fibres, that hardens to a smooth solid and is used for coating walls and ceilings; render, stucco.
plástar teilgean plástair
(countable) A cast made of plaster of Paris and gauze; a plaster cast.

plaster /ˈpla.stə/ /ˈpla.stəɹ/ /ˈplæs.tɚ/ /ˈplɑː.stə/ v
plástráil
(transitive) To apply a plaster to.
clúdaigh cumhdaigh plástráil
(transitive) To smear with some viscous or liquid substance.
brataigh clúdaigh dóibeáil plástráil
(transitive) To hide or cover up, as if with plaster; to cover thickly.

plaster of Paris n
plástar Pháras
A hemihydrate of calcium sulfate, made by calcining gypsum, that hardens when moistened and allowed to dry; used to make casts, molds and sculpture.

plasterboard plasterboards n
plástarchlár
A construction material consisting of a rigid panel of several layers of fibreboard or paper bonded to a gypsum core.

plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ [ˈpʰlastɪk] [ˈpʰlæstɪk] more plastic most plastic adj
plaisteach
Capable of being moulded; malleable, flexible, pliant. [from 17th c.]

plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ [ˈpʰlastɪk] [ˈpʰlæstɪk] plastics n
plaisteach
A synthetic, solid, hydrocarbon-based polymer, whether thermoplastic or thermosetting.
(colloquial, metonym) Credit or debit cards used in place of cash to buy goods and services.
(figurative, slang) insincerity; fakeness, or a person who is fake or arrogant, or believes that they are better than the rest of the population.

plastic bag plastic bags n
mála plaisteach
A type of packaging made of thin, flexible, plastic film, starch, or plastic textile, used for containing and transporting food, waste, and consumer goods. (This entry is a translation hub.)

plastic surgery plastic surgeries n
máinliacht athdheilbhithe
máinliacht phlaisteach
Surgery to repair body parts, especially involving the transfer of tissue.

plasticizer /ˈplæs.tɪ.saɪ.zə/ plasticizers n
plaisteachán
Any of various substances added to a material (such as plastic or concrete) in order to make it more pliable.

plate /pleɪt/ [pʰl̥eɪt] plates n
pláta
A slightly curved but almost flat dish from which food is served or eaten.
A layer of a material on the surface of something, usually qualified by the type of the material; plating
(printing) An engraved surface used to transfer an image to paper.
(printing, photography) An image or copy.
(dentistry) A shaped and fitted surface, usually ceramic or metal that fits into the mouth and in which teeth are implanted; a dental plate.

plate /pleɪt/ [pʰl̥eɪt] v
plátáil
To cover the surface material of an object with a thin coat of another material, usually a metal.

plate armour plate armours n
armúr plátáilte
Metallic armour made of large pieces or plates.

plate powder plate powders n
púdar airgid
A powder used to polish silverware, especially silver plate

plate tectonics n
teicteonaic phlátaí
(geology) The large-scale movement of tectonic plates that contributes to continental drift.

plateau /plæˈtoʊ/ /ˈplætəʊ/ plateaus plateaux n
ardchlár léibheann
A largely level expanse of land at a high elevation; tableland.

plateful platefuls platesful n
lán pláta
The quantity contained on a plate.

platelet platelets n
pláitín pláitín fola
(hematology, cytology) A small colorless disk-shaped particle found in the blood of mammals, which plays an important role in the formation of blood clots.

platiniferous more platiniferous most platiniferous adj
platanmhar
yielding, or containing platinum

platinum /pləˈtaɪn.əm/ /pləˈtiːn.əm/ /pləˈtɪn.əm/ /ˈplæt.nəm/ /ˈplæt.n̩.əm/ /ˈplæt.ɪn.əm/ platinums n
platanam
A whitish grey colour, like that of the metal.

platinum blond adj
fionnbhán
(of a person) Having platinum blond hair.

platonic /pləˈtɑnɪk/ /pləˈtɒnɪk/ /pləˈtɔnɪk/ more platonic most platonic adj
platónach
Neither sexual nor romantic in nature; being or exhibiting platonic love.

platoon /pləˈtuːn/ platoons n
buíon
(military) A unit of thirty to forty soldiers typically commanded by a lieutenant and forming part of a company.

platypus /ˈplætɪpəs/ /ˈplætɪˌpʊs/ platypi platypodes platypus platypuses n
platapas
A semi-aquatic, egg-laying monotreme mammal with a bill resembling that of a duck, that has a mole-like body, a tail resembling that of a beaver, a waterproof pelt, and flat webbed feet – males have poisonous spurs on the inside of the back legs; Ornithorhynchus anatinus.

play /pleɪ/ [pʰl̥eɪ̯] plays n
dráma
(countable) A literary composition, intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue.
(countable) A theatrical performance featuring actors.
imirt súgradh
(uncountable, informal) Sexual activity or sexual role-playing.

play /pleɪ/ [pʰl̥eɪ̯] v
imir súgradh
(intransitive) To act in a manner such that one has fun; to engage in activities expressly for the purpose of recreation or entertainment.
imir
(transitive, intransitive) To perform in (a sport); to participate in (a game).
seinn
(transitive, intransitive, especially, of a, person) To produce music using a musical instrument.
(transitive, of a person) To operate (a device or media) so as to cause sound (especially music) or moving pictures to be produced.
(AAVE, intransitive) To kid; to joke; to say something for amusement; to act, or to treat something, unseriously.

play-acting play-actings n
airleacánacht
aistíl
(figuratively) The act of engaging in pretence or insincere behavior, often in order to mislead someone or gain an advantage.

playboy /ˈpleɪbɔɪ/ /ˈpleɪˌbɔɪ/ playboys n
buachaill báire croíán
A single man, especially a wealthy one, who devotes himself to a life of leisure and pleasure, often sexual, without commitments or responsibilities.

player /ˈpleɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈpleɪɚ/ players n
imreoir
One who plays any game or sport.
seinnteoir
(music) One who plays on a musical instrument.

playful /ˈpleɪfəl/ more playful most playful playfuller playfullest adj
ábhailleach
cleasach
liking play, prone to play frequently, such as a child or kitten; rather sportive.
funny, humorous, jesting, frolicsome.

playing card playing cards n
cárta imeartha
Any of the usually 52 rectangular pieces of card used to play numerous games, featuring either one to 10 pips or a picture and belonging of one of four suits.

plaything playthings n
bréagán
A thing or person intended for playing with.

playwright /ˈpleɪˌɹaɪt/ playwrights n
drámadóir
A writer and creator of theatrical plays.

plea /pliː/ pleas n
agairt tagra

plead /pliːd/ /plɛd/ v
pléadáil
(ambitransitive, copulative) To present (an argument or a plea), especially in a legal case.

pleader /ˈpliːdə/ pleaders n
agróir gearánaí
(law) a person who pleads in court; an advocate [from 13th c.]

pleading /ˈpliːdɪŋ/ more pleading most pleading adj
impíoch

pleasant /ˈplɛzənt/ more pleasant most pleasant pleasanter pleasantest adj
aiteasach aoibheallach grianmhar lách taitneamhach
Giving pleasure; pleasing in manner.

pleasantness pleasantnesses n
aiteas aoibhiúlacht suáilceas
(uncountable) The state or quality of being pleasant.

please /pliz/ /pliːz/ adv
le do thoil más é do thoil é
Used to make a polite request.

please /pliz/ /pliːz/ v
sásaigh
(ambitransitive) To make happy or satisfy; to give pleasure to.

pleased /pliːzd/ more pleased most pleased adj
sásta áthas áthasach
Happy, content

pleasing /ˈplizɪŋ/ /ˈpliːzɪŋ/ more pleasing most pleasing adj
taitneamhach
Agreeable; giving pleasure, cheer, enjoyment or gratification.

pleasure /ˈplɛʒə/ /ˈplɛʒɚ/ pleasures n
pléisiúr
(uncountable) A state of being pleased or contented; gratification.
sámhas
(uncountable) Sexual enjoyment.

pleat /pliːt/ pleats n
pléata
(sewing) A fold in the fabric of a garment, usually a skirt, as a part of the design of the garment, with the purpose of adding controlled fullness and freedom of movement, or taking up excess fabric. There are many types of pleats, differing in their construction and appearance.

pleat /pliːt/ v
pléata a chur i pléatáil
(transitive) To form one or more pleats in a piece of fabric or a garment.

plebiscite /-sɪt/ /ˈplɛbəˌsaɪt/ /ˈplɛbɪsaɪt/ plebiscites n
pobalbhreith
(law, politics) A direct popular vote on an issue of public importance, such as an amendment to the constitution, a change in the sovereignty of the nation, or some government policy.

plentiful /ˈplɛntɪfl̩/ more plentiful most plentiful plentifuler plentifulest plentifuller plentifullest adj
fairsing líonmhar
Existing in large number or ample amount.
fairsing
Yielding abundance; fruitful.

plenty /ˈplɛnti/ [ˈplɛni] [ˈplɛɾ̃i] [ˈplɪni] [ˈplɪɾ̃i] plenties n
flúirse fuílleach leordhóthain
A more-than-adequate amount.

pleonasm /ˈpliː.əˌnæz.əm/ pleonasms n
iomarcaíocht focal
(uncountable, rhetoric) Redundancy in wording.

pleural /ˈplʊə.ɹəl/ /ˈplʊɹ.əl/ adj
pleorach
Of, relating to, or affecting the pleura, or the sides of the thorax.

pleuro- /plʊə.ɹə(ʊ)/ /plʊɹ.oʊ/ /plʊɹ.ə/ prefix
pleora- pliúra-
(medicine) Of or pertaining to the pleura; pleural.

plicate /plaɪˈkeɪt/ /plɪˈkeɪt/ /ˈplaɪ.keɪt/ /ˈplaɪkət/ v
fill
(chiefly, _, biology) To fold or pleat (usually used in passive).

plot /plɑt/ /plɒt/ plots n
ceapach
An area or land used for building on or planting on. [from 1550s]

plot /plɑt/ /plɒt/ v
graf marcáil
(transitive) To trace out (a graph or diagram).
(transitive) To mark (a point on a graph, chart, etc).

plough /plaʊ/ ploughs n
céachta arathar
A device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting.

plough /plaʊ/ v
treabh
(transitive) To use a plough on soil to prepare for planting.

ploughing ploughings n
arathar
(agriculture) The breaking of the ground into furrows (with a plough) for planting.

ploughshare ploughshares n
iarnach
(British spelling) The cutting edge of a plow, typically a metal blade.

plover /ˈploʊvɚ/ /ˈplʌvə/ /ˈplʌvɚ/ plover plovers n
feadóg
Any of various wading birds of the family Charadriidae.

plowshare plowshares n
iarnach
(American spelling) The cutting edge of a plow, typically a metal blade.

pluck /plʊk/ /plʌk/ v
cluimhrigh
(transitive) To remove feathers from a bird.

plug /plʌɡ/ plugs n
plocóid
(electricity) A pronged connecting device which fits into a mating socket, especially an electrical one.

plug /plʌɡ/ v
bolscaireacht a dhéanamh
(transitive) To promote (something, especially a product or service); to mention (something) as if promoting or advertising it.

plug up v
calc
(transitive) To put a plug or bung into something; to interrupt the flow of.

plum /plʌm/ more plum most plum adj
plumchorcra
(comparable) Of a dark bluish-red colour.

plum /plʌm/ plums n
crann plumaí
The fruit and its tree.
pluma
An edible, fleshy stone fruit of Prunus domestica (European plum), often of a dark red or purple colour. [from 8th c.]
plumchorcra
A dark bluish-red color/colour, the colour of some plums. [from 19th c.]

plum pudding plum puddings n
maróg rísíní
A pudding, cooked by boiling or steaming, containing a large amount of dried fruit.

plumage /ˈpljuːmɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpluːmɪd͡ʒ/ plumages n
cluimhreach clúmh
(ornithology, collective noun) Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally; feathering.

plumb bob plumb bobs n
puntán
A metal weight attached to the end of a plumb line.

plumber /ˈplʌmə/ /ˈplʌmɚ/ plumbers n
pluiméir
One who furnishes, fits, and repairs pipes and other apparatus for the conveyance of water, gas, or drainage.

plumed /pluːmd/ adj
eiteach
Having or decorated with a plume or plumes.

plummet /ˈplʌmət/ /ˈplʌmɪt/ plummets n
aigeach luaidhe
(archaic, nautical) A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water; a plumb bob or a plumb line.

plump /plʌmp/ more plump most plump plumper plumpest adj
méith
Having a full and rounded shape; chubby, somewhat overweight.

plumpness plumpnesses n
beathaitheacht raimhre
The quality or state of being plump.

plunder /ˈplən-/ /ˈplʌndə/ /ˈplʌndɚ/ n
argain
An instance of plundering.
slad
The loot attained by plundering.

plunder /ˈplən-/ /ˈplʌndə/ /ˈplʌndɚ/ v
creach slad
(transitive) To pillage, take or destroy all the goods of, by force (as in war); to raid, sack.
slad
(intransitive) To take by force or wrongfully; to commit robbery or looting, to raid.

plunderer plunderers n
argthóir bradach creachadóir díbheargach foghlaí scriostóir
One who plunders or pillages.

plundering plunderings n
sladaireacht sladaíocht

plunge /plʌnd͡ʒ/ v
tum
(transitive) To thrust into liquid, or into any penetrable substance; to immerse.
(intransitive) To dive, leap or rush (into water or some liquid); to submerge oneself.

plural /ˈpljʊə.ɹəl/ /ˈpluːɹəl/ /ˈplɔː.ɹəl/ /ˈplɝ.əl/ /ˈplʉːɹəl/ /ˈplʊə.ɹəl/ /ˈplʊɚ.əl/ more plural most plural adj
iolra
Consisting of or containing more than one of something.

pluralism pluralisms n
iolrachas
The quality or state of being plural, or in the plural number.
(sociology) A social system that permits smaller groups within a society to maintain their individual cultural identities.

pluralist pluralists n
iolraí
An advocate of pluralism (in all senses)

pluralistic more pluralistic most pluralistic adj
iolraíoch
Characteristic of pluralism.

plurinational adj
ilnáisiúnach
Describing a state containing large groups of people of different nationalities.

plus /plʌs/ /pɫɐs/ preposition
móide
And; sum of the previous one and the following one.

plutocracy /pluːˈtɑːkɹəsi/ /pluːˈtɒkɹəsi/ plutocracies n
maoinlathas plútacratachas
Government by the wealthy.

plutocrat plutocrats n
maoinlathaí
Someone who rules by virtue of his or her wealth.

plutocratic more plutocratic most plutocratic adj
maoinlathach
of, relating to, or being a plutocracy

plutonium /pluːˈtoʊniəm/ plutoniums n
plútóiniam
The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 94 and symbol Pu: a silvery-gray fissile radioactive actinide metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.

pluvial more pluvial most pluvial adj
báistiúil
Of, pertaining to, or produced by rain

plywood plywoods n
sraithadhmad
(countable) A specific grade or type of this construction material.

pneumatic /n(j)ʊˈmæ.tɪk/ more pneumatic most pneumatic adj
aer- aeroibrithe neomatach
Of, relating to, or resembling air or other gases

pneumatic trough pneumatic troughs n
gásumar
(chemistry) A piece of laboratory apparatus, consisting of a vessel filled with liquid (generally water or mercury), used for collecting gases. [from 19th c.]

pneumonia /njuˈməʊniə/ /nuˈmoʊniə/ /nəˈmoʊniə/ /nəˈmoʊnjə/ pneumoniae pneumonias pneumoniæ n
niúmóine aicíd na scamhóg
An acute or chronic inflammation of the lungs caused by viruses, bacteria or other microorganisms, or sometimes by physical or chemical irritants.

pocket /ˈpɑ.kət/ /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ /ˈpɒ.kɪt/ /ˈpɔ.kɪt/ pockets n
póca
A bag stitched to an item of clothing, used for carrying small items.

pocket money n
airgead póca liúntas linbh
(UK) A small sum of money given to a child, by a parent or guardian; an allowance
airgead póca
(US) A small sum of cash, carried on the person, for small, daily expenses.

pocket pistol pocket pistols n
piostal póca
Any handgun suitable to be carried in a pocket of one's clothing, usually of a small caliber.

pocketful pocketfuls pocketsful n
lán póca
The amount that a pocket would hold.

pocketknife pocketknives n
scian phóca

podcast /-kæst/ /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ /ˈpɒdkɑːst/ /ˈpɔd-/ podcasts n
podchraol
(loosely, by extension) An individual episode of such a programme.
A programme, especially an audio programme, produced on a regular basis, delivered over the Internet in a compressed digital format and designed for playback on computers or portable devices such as mobile phones. [from early 21st c.]

podded adj
cochallach
having pods (of a particular kind)

podium /ˈpoʊ.di.əm/ /ˈpəʉ.di.əm/ /ˈpəʊ.di.əm/ podia podiums n
póidiam
A platform on which to stand, as when conducting an orchestra or preaching at a pulpit; any low platform or dais.

poem /pojəm/ /poʊm/ /pɔɪm/ /ˈpoʊəm/ /ˈpoʊɪm/ /ˈpɔʊ(ə)m/ /ˈpɔː.ɪm/ /ˈpəʊəm/ /ˈpəʊɪm/ [ˈpo(ʊ̯)ɪm] [ˈpʰo(ʊ̯)m] [ˈpʰo(ʊ̯)m̩] [ˈpʰo(ʊ̯)əm] [ˈpʰəʊ̯ɪm] poems n
dán
A literary piece written in verse.
A piece of writing in the tradition of poetry, an instance of poetry.

poet /ˈpoʊ.ət/ /ˈpoʊ.ɪt/ /ˈpəʊ.ɪt/ [ˈpʰoʊ̯ɪ̈(ʔ)t̚] poets n
bard file
A person who writes poems.

poetess /ˈpoʊ.ɪˌtɛs/ /ˌpəʊ.ɪˈtɛs/ poetesses n
banfhile file mná
(dated) A female poet.

poetic licence n
pribhléid an fhile
Any departure from convention or from factual accuracy taken by a writer to achieve a desired effect.

poetry /ˈpoʊətɹi/ /ˈpəʊɪtɹi/ [ˈpəʊʷətɹɪ] [ˈpʰoʊ̯.ətˌɹi] poetries n
filíocht
Literature composed in verse or language exhibiting conscious attention to patterns and rhythm.
A poet's literary production.
(figurative) An artistic quality that appeals to or evokes the emotions, in any medium; something having such a quality.

point /pɔɪnt/ points n
pointe
(mathematics, science) A zero-dimensional mathematical object representing a location in one or more dimensions; something considered to have position but no magnitude or direction. [from 14th c.]
(sports, video games, board games) A unit of scoring in a game or competition. [from 18th c.]
pointe ama tráth
A particular moment in an event or occurrence; a juncture. [from 13th c.]
pointe pointe deachúlach
(automotive, mostly, in the plural) Either of the two metal surfaces in a distributor which close or open to allow or prevent the flow of current through the ignition coil. There is usually a moving point, pushed by the distributor cam, and a fixed point, and they are built together as a unit.
áit
A specific location or place, seen as a spatial position. [from 14th c.]
aird aird an chompáis rinn rinn compáis
(heraldry) One of the "corners" of the escutcheon: the base (bottom center) unless a qualifier is added (point dexter, point dexter base, point sinister, point sinister base), generally when separately tinctured. (Compare terrace, point champaine, enté en point.) This is sometimes blazoned argent, four points gules; otherwise, it is vêtu.
bior colg rinn
The sharp tip of an object. [from 14th c.]
pointe ponc
(cricket) A fielding position square of the wicket on the off side, between gully and cover. [from 19th c.]

point in time points in time n
am pointe ama
A moment (of time).

point of view points of view n
dearcadh
An attitude, opinion, or set of beliefs.

pointed /ˈpɔɪntɪd/ more pointed most pointed adj
gobach
(comparable) Sharp, barbed; not dull.
(comparable) Having a relevance to the matter at hand: pertinent, relevant.
(comparable, of a comment or inference) Directed negatively at a person or topic.

pointless /ˈpɔɪntləs/ more pointless most pointless adj
fánach
Having no purpose; purposeless; unable to effect an aim.

poison /ˈpɔɪz(ə)n/ poisons n
nimh
A substance that is harmful or lethal to a living organism when ingested.

poison /ˈpɔɪz(ə)n/ v
nimhigh
(transitive) To use poison to kill or paralyse (somebody).
truailligh
(transitive) To pollute; to cause to become poisonous.
(transitive) To cause to become much worse.

poison gland poison glands n
faireog nimhe
Any specialized gland in some fishes and amphibians that secretes a mucus-like substance containing venomous or acrid material.

poison ivy poison ivies n
eidhneán nimhe
Any of three ivy-like species of Toxicodendron, known for their ability to cause an itching rash and blistering for most people, through urushiol, an oil that is a skin irritant.

poisoner poisoners n
nimhitheoir
A person who poisons something or someone.

poisoning poisonings n
nimhiú
The administration of a poison.
The state of being poisoned.

poisonous /ˈpɔɪznəs/ /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ more poisonous most poisonous adj
nimhiúil
Containing sufficient poison to be dangerous to touch or ingest.

poke /poʊk/ /pəʊk/ v
rúisc
To stir up a fire to remove ash or promote burning.

poke fun v
bí ag magadh faoi bí ag piocadh ar bí ag spochadh as
To subject someone to laughter or ridicule. [with at]

polar bear polar bears n
béar bán
A hypercarnivorous species of bear, Ursus maritimus, whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle.

polarity /pəˈlærɪti/ polarities n
deighilt scoilt
Either of the two extremes of such attributes.
polaraíocht
(chemistry) The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces between the slightly positively-charged end of one molecule to the negative end of another or the same molecule. Wp

pole /pol/ /poʊl/ /pɐʉl/ /pəʊl/ [pʰoəɫ] [pʰoɫ] [pʰoʊɫ] [pʰɒʊɫ] poles n
cuaille
Originally, a stick; now specifically, a long and slender piece of metal or (especially) wood, used for various construction or support purposes.
mol pol
A point of magnetic focus, especially each of the two opposing such points of a magnet (designated north and south).
pol
(electricity) A contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves.

poleaxe poleaxes n
tua búistéara
An ax having both a blade and a hammer face; used to slaughter cattle.

police /pəˈliːs/ /ˈpl̩iːs/ /ˈpoʊ.liːs/ [pʰə̆ˈliˑs] n
péas póilíní Gardaí gardaí
(North America, &, _, historical) A department of local (usually municipal) government responsible for general law enforcement.

police station police stations n
stáisiún na bpéas stáisiún na bpóilíní stáisiún na nGardaí
A building serving as the headquarters of a branch of the police force, and sometimes as a temporary place of confinement for offenders.

policewoman policewomen n
bangharda
A female police officer.

policy /ˈpɑləsi/ /ˈpɒləsi/ /ˈpɒlɪsi/ policies n
beartas polasaí
A principle of behaviour, conduct etc. thought to be desirable or necessary, especially as formally expressed by a government or other authoritative body. [from 15th c.]
Wise or advantageous conduct; prudence, formerly also with connotations of craftiness. [from 15th c.]
polasaí
(law)
A contract of insurance.
A document containing or certifying this contract.

policyholder policyholders n
sealbhóir árachais
(insurance) The party to an insurance contract who transfers a risk to an insurer.

poliomyelitis /ˈpəʊlɪəʊmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/ /ˌpɒlɪəʊmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/ poliomyelitides n
polaimiailíteas
(pathology) Acute infection by the poliovirus, especially of the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis and sometimes deformity.

polished /ˈpɑlɪʃt/ /ˈpɒlɪʃt/ more polished most polished adj
slachtmhar

polite /pəˈlaɪt/ more polite most polite politer politest adj
béasach sibhialta
Well-mannered, civilized.

political /pəˈlɪtəkəl/ /pəˈlɪtɪkəl/ /pəˈlɪɾɪkəl/ [pəˈlɪɾəkəl] [pəˈlɪɾɪkəl] more political most political adj
polaitiúil
Concerning or relating to politics, the art and process of governing.

political party political parties n
páirtí páirtí polaitíochta
A political organization that subscribes to a certain ideology and seeks to attain political power through representation in government.

political science political sciences n
eolaíocht pholaitiúil
The analytical study of public policy and policies, past, present, and prospective.

politician /ˌpɑləˈtɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌpɒlɪˈtɪʃ(ə)n/ politicians n
polaiteoir
One engaged in politics, especially an elected or appointed government official.

politics /ˈpɑ.ləˌtɪks/ /ˈpɑ.lɪˌtɪks/ /ˈpɒl.ə.tɪks/ /ˈpɒl.ɪ.tɪks/ v
polaitíocht
a methodology and activities associated with running a government

polka dot /ˈpoʊ.kə ˌdɑt/ /ˈpɒl.kə ˌdɒt/ /ˈpəʊ.kə ˌdɒt/ polka dots n
polcaphonc
Any of a number of uniform round dots, repeated to make a regular geometric pattern on a fabric

poll /pol/ /poʊl/ /pɒl/ /pɒʊl/ /pɔl/ /pəʊl/ polls n
vótaíocht
(in extended senses of the above) A mass of people, a mob or muster, considered as a head count.

poll /pol/ /poʊl/ /pɒl/ /pɒʊl/ /pɔl/ /pəʊl/ v
dí-adharc
(transitive) To remove the horns of (an animal).

poll tax poll taxes n
ceannairgead
A tax determined as a uniform, fixed amount per individual.

pollen /ˈpɑlən/ /ˈpɒlən/ pollens n
pailin
A fine, granular substance produced in flowers.

pollinate /ˈpɒlɪneɪt/ v
pailnigh
To apply pollen to (a stigma).

pollination /ˌpɒlɪˈneɪʃən/ pollinations n
pailniú
(botany) The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma; effected by insects, birds, bats and the wind etc.

polling pollings n
vótaíocht
The action of taking a poll.

polling station polling stations n
stáisiún vótála
(Britain, Canada, Australia) a place where voters go to cast their ballot in an election or referendum; a voting station

pollute /pəˈljuːt/ /pəˈluːt/ v
truailligh éilligh
(transitive) To make something harmful, especially by the addition of some unwanted product.

polo /ˈpoʊloʊ/ /ˈpəʊ.ləʊ/ /ˈpəʊl.əʊ/ [ˈpɒʊɫəʊ] [ˈpəʊləʊ] polos n
póló
(uncountable) A ball game where two teams of players on horseback use long-handled mallets to propel the ball along the ground and into their opponent's goal.

polonaise /ˌpoʊləˈneɪz/ /ˌpɒləˈneɪz/ polonaises n
polannach polanáis
(dance) A stately Polish dance in triple time and moderate tempo.
polannach
(music genre) Music for this dance.

polonium /pəˈloʊni.əm/ /pəˈləʊni.əm/ poloniums n
polóiniam
A rare, highly radioactive chemical element (symbol Po) with atomic number 84.

poly- /pəˈlɪ-/ /ˈpɑli-/ /ˈpɑlə-/ /ˈpɑlɪ-/ /ˈpɒli-/ /ˈpɔli-/ prefix
pola-
many

polyamory [ˌpɑlijˈæm(ə)ɹi] [ˌpɒlɪˈæməɹi] [ˌpɔlijˈæm(ə)ɹi] polyamories n
il-leannánacht
Any of various practices involving romantic or sexual relationships with multiple partners with the knowledge and consent of all involved.

polyandrous adj
polandrach
Of or pertaining to polyandry; engaging in polyandry.

polyandry polyandries n
polandras
The having of a plurality of husbands at the same time; usually, the marriage of a woman to more than one man, or the practice of having several husbands, at the same time.

polychromatic /ˌpɑlikɹəˈmætɪk/ /ˌpɒlikɹəʊˈmætɪk/ more polychromatic most polychromatic adj
polacrómatach
Showing a variety, or a change, of colours; having many colours; multicoloured.

polygamous /pəˈlɪɡəməs/ adj
polagamach
Of, relating to, or practicing polygamy.

polygamy /pəˈlɪɡ.ə.mi/ polygamies n
ilphósadh polagamas
(often, especially in common use) Synonym of polygyny (“marriage of a man to more than one wife, the practice of having several wives at the same time”)

polygon /ˈpɑliɡɑn/ /ˈpɒliɡɒn/ /ˈpɒlɪɡən/ polygons n
polagán
(geometry) A plane figure bounded by edges that are all straight lines.

polygonal /pəˈlɪɡənəl/ adj
polagánach
Having many angles; hence characteristic of a polygon.

polygyny /pəˈlɪd͡ʒ.ɪ.ni/ polygynies n
polaigíneas il-leannántacht
The state or practice of having several wives at the same time; plurality of wives; marriage to several wives.

polymerase chain reaction polymerase chain reactions n
imoibriú slabhrúil polaiméaráise
(genetics, molecular biology, organic chemistry) A technique in molecular biology for creating multiple copies of DNA from a sample; used in genetic fingerprinting etc.

polymorphic /ˌpɑliˈmɔɹfɪk/ adj
polamorfach ilchruthach
Relating to polymorphism (any sense), able to have several shapes or forms.

polymorphism /pɑliˈmɔɹfɪz(ə)m/ /pɒlɪˈmɔːfɪz(ə)m/ polymorphisms n
ilchruthacht
polamorfacht
(object-oriented programming) The feature pertaining to the dynamic treatment of data elements based on their type, allowing for an instance of a method to have several definitions.

polymorphous more polymorphous most polymorphous adj
ilchruthach polamorfach
(chemistry) Crystallizing in two or more different forms; polymorphic

polyneuropathy polyneuropathies n
polainéarapaite
(medicine) Any of several diseases involving several peripheral nerves.

polyphase more polyphase most polyphase adj
ilphasach polaphasach
(electricity) Of, pertaining to, or involving multiple alternating currents that have the same frequency but differ in phase.
(physics) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of multiple phases of matter

polyptych /ˈpɒlɪptɪk/ polyptychs n
poiliptic
(arts) A work consisting of multiple painted or carved panels joined together, often with hinges.

polyradiculoneuropathy polyradiculoneuropathies n
polaifhréamhán-néarapaite
(medicine) A condition in which polyneuropathy and polyradiculopathy occur together, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome.

polysemy /pə.ˈlɪ.sɪ.mi/ /ˈpɒ.lɪ.siː.mi/ polysemies n
ilchiallachas
(semantics) The property of a word, sign or symbol that can represent multiple meanings, including multiple similar ones.

polysomnography polysomnographies n
polashuanagrafaíocht

polysyllabic /ˌpɑ.li.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ /ˌpɒ.lɪ.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ /ˌpɔ.lɪ.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ adj
ilsiollach
(of a word) Having more than one syllable; having multiple or many syllables.

polytechnic adj
ildánach

polytechnic polytechnics n
polaiteicnic
(UK, dated) An educational institute that teaches applied arts and sciences rather than academic subjects.

polytheism /pɒl.ɪˈθiː.ɪz.əm/ polytheisms n
ildiachas
The belief in the existence of multiple gods.

polytheist /pɒlɪˈθiːɪst/ polytheists n
ildiachaí
a believer in, or advocate of, polytheism

polytheistic /ˌpɒlɪθiːˈɪstɪk/ more polytheistic most polytheistic adj
ildiach ildiachúil
Of or relating to polytheism.

polyunsaturated adj
il-neamhsháithithe polai-neamhsháithithe
(chemistry) Of or relating to long chain organic compounds that have multiple double bonds; polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential to human nutrition.

polyunsaturated fat polyunsaturated fats n
saill il-neamhsháithithe
(fatty acid) A fat or oil, almost exclusively from vegetable sources, containing a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

polyunsaturated fatty acid polyunsaturated fatty acids n
aigéad sailleach polai-neamhsháithithe
(fatty acid) A fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid, that contains two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds

pomegranate /ˈpɑməˌɡɹænət/ /ˈpɑmɪˌɡɹænɪt/ /ˈpɑmˌɡɹænət/ /ˈpɒmɪ(ˌ)ɡɹænɪt/ pomegranates n
pomagránait gránúll ubhall gráinneach
The fruit of the Punica granatum, about the size of an orange with a thick, hard, reddish skin enclosing many seeds, each with an edible pink or red pulp tasting both sweet and tart.
crann pomagránaite
The shrub or small tree that bears the fruit.

pomelo /pəˈmɛləʊ/ /ˈpɑməloʊ/ /ˈpɒmɪləʊ/ /ˈpʌmɪləʊ/ pomeloes pomelos n
pomaló
The large fruit of the Citrus maxima (syn. C. grandis), native to South Asia and Southeast Asia, with a thick green or yellow rind, a thick white pith, and semi-sweet translucent pale flesh.

pommel /ˈpɑ.məl/ /ˈpɒ.məl/ v
gread
(transitive) To pound or beat.

pomp /ˈpɑːmp/ /ˈpɒmp/ pomps n
mustar
Show of magnificence; parade; display; power.

pomposity pomposities n
mórchúis
The quality of being pompous; self-importance.

pompous /ˈpɑmpəs/ /ˈpɒmpəs/ more pompous most pompous adj
mórchúiseach
Affectedly grand, solemn or self-important.

poncho /ˈpɑn.t͡ʃoʊ/ /ˈpɒn.tʃəʊ/ ponchoes ponchos n
painseó
A simple garment, made from a rectangle of cloth, with a slit in the middle for the head.

pond /pɑnd/ /pɒnd/ ponds n
linn dabhach
An inland body of standing water, either natural or man-made, that is smaller than a lake.

pontoon /pɒnˈtuːn/ pontoons n
pontún
A flat-bottomed boat or other floating structure used as a buoyant support for a temporary bridge, dock or landing stage.
A box used to raise a sunken vessel.
A float of a seaplane.

pontoon bridge pontoon bridges n
droichead pontúin
A temporary bridge built over floating pontoons

pony /ˈpoʊni/ /ˈpəʊni/ ponies n
capaillín gearrchapall pónaí
A small horse; specifically, any of several small breeds of horse under 14.2 hands at the withers.

pony-trekking /ˈpoʊniˌtɹɛkɪŋ/ /ˈpəʊniˌtɹɛkɪŋ/ n
fálróid ar chapaillíní
(UK) The practice of riding for pleasure across country on a pony or horse

ponytail /ˈpoʊniˌteɪl/ ponytails n
pónaí
A hairstyle where the hair is pulled back and tied into a single "tail" which hangs down behind the head.

poo /pu/ /puː/ poos n
cac

poo /pu/ /puː/ v
déan cac

poodle /ˈpuː.dəl/ poodles n
púdal
A breed of dog originating in Europe as hunting dogs, and having heavy, curly coat in a solid color; their shoulder height indicates their classification as standard, medium, miniature, or toy.

pool /pul/ /puːl/ /pʉl/ [pʰuəɫ] [pʰuɫ] pools n
dabhach linn
Any small body of standing or stagnant water; a puddle.

poop deck poop decks n
deic dheiridh
(nautical) A high, exposed deck at the stern of a ship on top of the cabin(s).

poor /poʊ/ /poː/ /puːɹ/ /pɔɹ/<a:pour-poor> /pɔː/<a:pour-poor> /pʉːɹ/ /pʊə/<a:non-pour-poor> /pʊɚ/<a:non-pour-poor> /pʊɹ/ /ˈpʊ(ː)ə(r)/ ; poorer poorest adj
bocht daibhir dearóil
With no or few possessions or money, particularly in relation to contemporaries who do have them.
bocht
Of low quality.
(attributive, _, only) Worthy of pity.

poor /poʊ/ /poː/ /puːɹ/ /pɔɹ/<a:pour-poor> /pɔː/<a:pour-poor> /pʉːɹ/ /pʊə/<a:non-pour-poor> /pʊɚ/<a:non-pour-poor> /pʊɹ/ /ˈpʊ(ː)ə(r)/ ; n
bocht
(plural only) The poor people of a society or the world collectively, the poor class of a society.

poor thing poor things n
créatúr
Someone or something to be pitied

poormouth v
béal bocht a dhéanamh
(ambitransitive, informal) To claim to be poor.

pop /pɑp/ /pɒp/ pops n
pléasc
(countable) A loud, sharp sound, as of a cork coming out of a bottle.

pop /pɑp/ /pɒp/ v
pléasc
(intransitive) To make a pop, or sharp, quick sound.
(transitive, UK, AU) To place (something) (somewhere); to move or position (something) with a short movement.

popcorn /ˈpɑp.kɔɹn/ /ˈpɒp.kɔː(ɹ)n/ /ˈpʌp.kɔɹn/ [ˈpʌp.kɒːn] [ˈpʌp.kɔɹn] popcorns n
grán rósta
(chiefly, uncountable) A snack food made from corn or maize kernels popped by dry heating.

pope /poʊp/ /pəʊp/ popes n
pápa
(Roman Catholicism, _, &, _, generally) An honorary title of the Roman Catholic bishop of Rome as father and head of his church, a sovereign of the Vatican city state.

poplar /ˈpɑ.plɚ/ /ˈpɒp.lə(ɹ)/ poplars n
poibleog
Any of various deciduous trees of the genus Populus.

poplit /ˈpɑplɪt/ /ˈpɒplɪt/ poplits n
ioscaid
The shallow depression (fossa) located at the back of the knee joint; the popliteal fossa or “knee pit”.

poppy /ˈpɑpi/ /ˈpɒpi/ poppies n
poipín cocán dearg
Any plant of the genus Papaver or the family Papaveraceae, with crumpled, often red, petals and a milky juice having narcotic properties; especially a common poppy or corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) which has orange-red flowers; the flower of such a plant.

poppyhead poppyheads n
ceann poipín
The seedhead of a poppy.

popular /ˈpɑpjəlɚ/ /ˈpɒpjʊlə/ more popular most popular adj
coiteann
Pertaining to or deriving from the people or general public. [from 16th c.]

porbeagle porbeagles n
craosaire
A large pelagic predatory shark, Lamna nasus, of the Atlantic.

porcelain /ˈpoːslɘn/ /ˈpɔɹslɪn/ /ˈpɔɹsəlɪn/ /ˈpɔːsəlɪn/ porcelains n
poirceallán
(usually, uncountable) A hard white translucent ceramic, originally made by firing kaolin, quartz, and feldspar at high temperatures but now also inclusive of similar artificial materials; also often (figurative) such a material as a symbol of the fragility, elegance, etc. traditionally associated with porcelain goods.

porch /po(ː)ɹtʃ/ /poətʃ/ /pɔɹt͡ʃ/ /pɔːtʃ/ porches n
póirse
(architectural element) A covered entrance to a building, whether taken from the interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the main wall, or projecting without and with a separate roof. A porch often has chair(s), table(s) and swings.

porcini /pɔːɹˈt͡ʃiː.ni/ /pɔːˈtʃiː.ni/ porcini porcinis n
ceap
An edible mushroom (Boletus edulis), prized for its flavor.

porcupine /ˈpɔː(ɹ)kiˌpaɪn/ /ˈpɔː(ɹ)kjʊˌpaɪn/ /ˈpɔː(ɹ)kəˌpaɪn/ /ˈpɔː(ɹ)kɪˌpaɪn/ porcupines n
torcán
Any of several rodents of either of the taxonomic families Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) or Erethizontidae (New World porcupines), both from the infraorder Hystricognathi, noted for their sharp spines or quills, which are raised when the animal is attacked or surprised.

pore /po(ː)ɹ/ /poə/ /pɔɹ/ /pɔː/ pores n
piochán póir
A tiny opening in the skin.
póir
By extension any small opening or interstice, especially one of many, or one allowing the passage of a fluid.

pork /po(ː)ɹk/ /poək/ /poɹk/ /pɔːk/ porks n
muiceoil
(mostly, uncountable) The meat of a pig.

pork rind pork rinds n
craiceann muiceola friochta
(US, Canada, food) A snack food made from cured pork skin; pork scratchings.

pornographer /pɔː(ɹ)ˈnɒɡɹəfə(ɹ)/ pornographers n
pornagrafaí
One who is involved in the creation or dissemination of pornography. [from mid-19th c.]

pornographic /ˌpɔː(ɹ)nəˈɡɹæfɪk/ more pornographic most pornographic adj
pornagrafach
Containing an explicit depiction of sexual activity.

pornography /pɔɹˈnɑ.ɡɹə.fi/ /pɔːˈnɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ pornographies n
pornagrafaíocht
The explicit literary or visual depiction of sexual subject matter; any display of material of an erotic nature. [from mid-19th c.]

porpoise /pɔːˈpɔɪs/ /ˈpɔːpəs/ /ˈpɔːɹpəs/ porpoises n
muc mhara
A small cetacean of the family Phocoenidae, related to dolphins and whales.

porridge /ˈpɑɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɒɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɔɹɪd͡ʒ/ porridges n
leite
A dish made of grain or legumes, milk or water, heated and stirred until thick and typically eaten for breakfast.

port /po(ː)ɹt/ /poət/ /pɔɹt/ /pɔːt/ adj
port calafort clébhord
(nautical) Of or relating to port, the left-hand side of a vessel when facing the bow.

port /po(ː)ɹt/ /poət/ /pɔɹt/ /pɔːt/ ports n
port calafort
A place on the coast at which ships can shelter, or dock to load and unload cargo or passengers.
pórt pórtfhíon
A type of very sweet fortified wine, mostly dark red, traditionally made in Portugal.
port calafort clébhord
An opening or doorway in the side of a ship, especially for boarding or loading; an embrasure through which a cannon may be discharged; a porthole.
clébhord
(nautical, aviation, uncountable) The left-hand side of a vessel, including aircraft, when one is facing the front. Used to unambiguously refer to directions relative to the vessel structure, rather than to a person or object on board.

port /po(ː)ɹt/ /poət/ /pɔɹt/ /pɔːt/ v
port calafort clébhord
(military) To hold or carry (a weapon) with both hands so that it lays diagonally across the front of the body, with the barrel or similar part near the left shoulder and the right hand grasping the small of the stock; or, to throw (the weapon) into this position on command.

port of registry ports of registry n
port cláraithe

portal /ˈpɔːtəl/ /ˈpɔːɹtəl/ [ˈpʰɔːɹɾɫ̩] portals n
tairseach
(Internet) A website or page that acts as an entrance to other websites or pages on the Internet.

portent /ˈpo(ː)ɹtɛnt/ /ˈpoətɛnt/ /ˈpɔɹtɛnt/ /ˈpɔːtɛnt/ portents n
mana
Something that portends an event about to occur, especially an unfortunate or evil event; an omen.

porter /ˈpo(ː)ɹtɚ/ /ˈpoətə/ /ˈpɔɹtɚ/ /ˈpɔːtə/ porters n
aistire póirtéir
A person who carries luggage and related objects.
pórtar
(countable, uncountable, beer) A strong, dark ale, originally favored by porters (etymology 1, sense 1), similar to a stout but less strong.

portion /ˈpoəɹʃən/ /ˈpoɹʃən/ /ˈpoːɹʃən/ /ˈpɔɹʃən/ /ˈpɔːʃən/ portions n
cuid
An allocated amount.
cinniúint
One's fate; lot.

portrait /ˈpoətɹeɪt/<a:rare> /ˈpoətɹɪt/ /ˈpoʊɹtɹeɪt/<a:rare> /ˈpoʊɹtɹət/ /ˈpɔɹtɹeɪt/ /ˈpɔɹtɹət/ /ˈpɔːtɹeɪt/ /ˈpɔːtɹɪt/ ; portraits n
portráid
(countable) A painting or other picture of a person, especially the head and shoulders.
(computing, printing) A print orientation where the vertical sides are longer than the horizontal sides.

portraitist portraitists n
portráidí
A painter or photographer who makes portraits.

portrayal /ˌpɔɹˈtɹeɪ.əl/ portrayals n
dreachadh léiriú
The act of portraying.
dreachadh léargas léiriú
The result of portraying; a representation, description, or portrait.

portress portresses n
bandoirseoir
a female porter (person in control of the entrance to a building)

pose /poʊz/ /pəʊz/ v
deasaigh
(transitive) To place in an attitude or fixed position, for the sake of effect.
deasaigh thú féin
(intransitive) To assume or maintain a pose; to strike an attitude.

poser /ˈpoʊzɚ/ /ˈpəʊzə(ɹ)/ posers n
cáithnín
(British) A particularly difficult question or puzzle.

posh /pɑʃ/ /pɒʃ/ /pəʊʃ/ more posh most posh posher poshest adj
galánta
Stylish; elegant; exclusive; luxurious; expensive.

position /pəˈzɪʃ.(ə)n/ positions n
feidhmeannas
A status or rank.

position paper position papers n
páipéar seasaimh
(philosophy, government) An essay or report which expresses a position, conclusion, or recommendation concerning a contested issue or undecided question and which usually contains arguments or reasons in support of this position.

positive /-ɾɪv/ /ˈpɑzɪtɪv/ /ˈpɒzɪtɪv/ more positive most positive adj
deimhneach
(mathematics) Of number, greater than zero. [from the 18th c.]
(chiefly, philosophy) Actual, real, concrete, not theoretical or speculative.
(physics) Having more protons than electrons.
Characterized by the existence or presence of distinguishing qualities or features, rather than by their absence.
dearfach deimhneach
(grammar) Describing the primary sense of an adjective, adverb or noun; not comparative, superlative, augmentative nor diminutive.
ceart
Derived from an object by itself; not dependent on changing circumstances or relations.

positive /-ɾɪv/ /ˈpɑzɪtɪv/ /ˈpɒzɪtɪv/ positives n
bunchéim
(grammar) A degree of comparison of adjectives and adverbs.
dearbhchló
(photography) A positive image; one that displays true colors and shades, not their opposites or complements.

positive degree n
bunchéim
(grammar) That state of an adjective or adverb indicating simple quality, without comparison or relation to increase or diminution; as in wise, noble.

positron /ˈpɑ.zɪ.tɹɑn/ /ˈpɒz.ɪ.tɹɒn/ positrons n
posatrón
(particle) The antimatter equivalent of an electron, having the same mass but a positive charge.

positron emission tomography positron emission tomographies n
tomagrafaíocht astúchán posatrón
(medicine) A medical imaging technique which detects the gamma rays produced by positrons emitted from injected radionuclides.

possess /pəˈzɛs/ v
bí + object + ag + subject
To have (something) as, or as if as, an owner; to have, to own.

possession /pəˈzɛʃən/ possessions n
sealúchas
Something that is owned.
seilbh
Ownership; taking, holding, keeping something as one's own.
gabháltas
A territory under the rule of another country.

possessive /pəˈzɛsɪv/ more possessive most possessive adj
sealbhach
(grammar) Indicating ownership, possession, origin, etc.
gabhálach
Unwilling to yield possession of.

possessive adjective possessive adjectives n
aidiacht shealbhach
An adjective expressing possession.

possessive case possessive cases n
sealbhach tuiseal sealbhach
(grammar) case used to express direct possession, ownership, origin, etc. Though similar in many ways to the genitive case, it is not always the same. Languages that have the possessive case include English and Quenya.

possessive pronoun possessive pronouns n
forainm sealbhach
(grammar) A pronoun which expresses possession.

possibility /ˌpɑ.səˈbɪl.ə.ɾi/ /ˌpɒs.ɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ possibilities n
féidearthacht
The quality of being possible.

possible /ˈpɑ.sə.bl̩/ /ˈpɒ.sɪ.bl̩/ more possible most possible adj
féideartha
(comparable) Capable of being done or achieved; feasible.

possum /ˈpɒsəm/ possums n
pasam
Any of the marsupials in several families of the order Diprotodontia of Australia and neighboring islands.

post /poʊst/ /pəʊst/ posts n
cuaille
A long dowel or plank protruding from the ground; a fencepost; a lightpost.

post office /ˈpoʊst ˌɑfɪs/ /ˈpoʊst ˌɔfɪs/ /ˈpəʊst ˌɒfɪs/ post offices n
oifig poist oifig an phoist
(countable) A place (building, office, shop, or counter) concerned with the business of delivering letters, post or mail and selling stamps, etc.

post-traumatic stress disorder n
neamhord strus iarthrámach
(psychology) A psychological condition that develops following some stressful situation or event, with symptoms such as sleep disturbance, recurrent dreams, flashbacks, hypervigilance, depression, dissociation, withdrawal or lack of concentration.

postage stamp postage stamps n
stampa poist
A small piece of printed paper stuck on an item to be mailed, indicating that postage has been paid.

postcard /ˈpoʊstˌkɑɹd/ postcards n
cárta poist
A rectangular piece of thick paper or thin cardboard intended to be written on and mailed without an envelope. In the case of a picture postcard, one side displays a picture or photograph.

postcode /ˈpoʊs(t)ˌkoʊd/ /ˈpəʊs(t)kəʊd/ postcodes n
postchód
(Australia, Britain, New Zealand) A sequence of letters and numbers added to a postal address to aid the sorting and delivery of post or mail.

poster /ˈpoʊstɚ/ posters n
póstaer
A picture of a celebrity, an event etc., intended to be attached to a wall.
An advertisement to be posted on a pole, wall etc. to advertise something.
postálaí
(internet) One who posts a message.

posterity /pɒˈstɛɹɪti/ posterities n
síolradh
All the future generations, especially the descendants of a specific person.

postgraduate /ˌpəʊstˈɡɹædju.ət/ postgraduates n
iarchéimí
A person continuing to study in a field after having successfully completed a degree course.

posthumous /ˈpɒs.t͡ʃə.məs/ /ˈpɒs.t͡ʃʊ.məs/ adj
iarbháis
Taking place after one's own death.

postimpressionism n
iar-Impriseanachas
(arts) A genre of painting that rejected the naturalism of impressionism, using colour and form in more expressive manners.

postmodernism /pəʊstˈmɑdɚnɪzəm/ postmodernisms n
iarnua-aoiseachas
Any style in art, architecture, literature, philosophy, etc., that reacts against an earlier modernist movement.

postmodernist more postmodernist most postmodernist adj
iarnua-aoiseach
postmodern

postmodernist postmodernists n
iarnua-aoiseach iarnua-aoisí
An advocate or follower of postmodernism.

postmodernity postmodernities n
iarnua-aoiseacht
The state or condition of being postmodern.

postposition postpositions n
iarfhocal
(grammar) A word that has the same purpose as a preposition but comes after the noun.

postprandial /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpɹæn.di.əl/ /ˌpəʊs(t)ˈpɹan.dɪ.əl/ adj
iarphroinne
After a meal, especially after dinner.

postulate /ˈpɑst͡ʃələt/ /ˈpɑst͡ʃəˌleɪt/ /ˈpɒstjʊleɪt/ /ˈpɒstjʊlət/ postulates n
foshuíomh
Something assumed without proof as being self-evident or generally accepted, especially when used as a basis for an argument. Sometimes distinguished from axioms as being relevant to a particular science or context, rather than universally true, and following from other axioms rather than being an absolute assumption.

posy /ˈpoʊzi/ /ˈpəʊzi/ posies n
pósae triblid
A flower; a small bouquet; a nosegay. [from 1570s]

pot /pɑt/ /pɒt/ /pɔt/ pots n
corcán pota
A vessel used for brewing or serving drinks: a coffeepot or teapot.

pot calling the kettle black /ˈpɑt ˈkɔliŋ ðə ˈkɛtl̩ ˈblæk/ /ˈpɒt ˈkɔːliŋ ðə ˈkɛtl̩ ˈblæk/ n
an óinseach ag aoir ar an amadán casadh an chorcáin leis an gciteal is maith an té atá ag tabhairt achasáin uaidh
(idiomatic) A situation in which somebody comments on or accuses someone else of a fault which the accuser shares.

potassium /pəˈtæsiəm/ potassiums n
potaisiam
A soft, waxy, silvery reactive metal that is never found unbound in nature; an element (symbol K) with an atomic number of 19 and atomic weight of 39.0983. The symbol is derived from the Latin kalium.

potato /pəˈteɪ.toʊ/ /pəˈteɪ.təʊ/ [pə̥ˈtʰeɪtʰəʊ] [pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾoʊ] [pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾə] potatoes n
práta fata
The tuber of a plant, Solanum tuberosum, eaten as a starchy vegetable, particularly in the Americas and Europe; this plant.

potato bread potato breads n
arán prátaí
A type of bread made with potatoes, often served shallow-fried as part of a cooked breakfast, common in Northern Ireland and Scotland.

potato crisp potato crisps n
brioscán prátaí criospa
(mostly, British) A thin slice of potato that has been fried, typically packaged and sold as a snack.

potato starch potato starches n
stailc phrátaí
(gastronomy) A widely diffused vegetable substance found in the extracted material of potatoes used in cooking.

potbellied more potbellied most potbellied adj
urbholgach
having a potbelly

potbelly potbellies n
ardbholg urbholg
A large, swollen, or protruding abdomen; a paunch. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

poteen /-tjiːn/ /-t͡ʃiːn/ /pəˈtiːn/ /ˈpɒ.tiːn/ poteens n
poitín
(Ireland, countable, uncountable) Illegally produced Irish whiskey; moonshine. [from early 19th c.]
(Ireland, countable, by extension) An unlicensed drinking establishment selling illegally produced Irish whiskey.

potentate /ˈpoʊ.tən.teɪt/ /ˈpəʊ.tən.teɪt/ potentates n
monarc rialaitheoir
A powerful leader; a monarch; a ruler.

potential /po(ʊ)ˈtɛnʃəl/ /pəˈtɛnʃəl/ adj
féideartha ionchasach poitéinsiúil
Existing in possibility, not in actuality.

potential /po(ʊ)ˈtɛnʃəl/ /pəˈtɛnʃəl/ potentials n
acmhainneacht cumas
A currently unrealized ability (with the most common adposition being to).
poitéinseal
(physics) The gravitational potential: the radial (irrotational, static) component of a gravitational field, also known as the Newtonian potential or the gravitoelectric field.
(physics) The work (energy) required to move a reference particle from a reference location to a specified location in the presence of a force field, for example to bring a unit positive electric charge from an infinite distance to a specified point against an electric field.
cumas
(grammar) A verbal construction or form stating something is possible or probable.

potential difference potential differences n
difríocht phoitéinsil
the difference in potential energy between two points in an electric field; the difference in charge between two points in an electrical circuit; voltage

potential energy potential energies n
fuinneamh poitéinsiúil
The energy possessed by an object because of its position (in a gravitational or electric field), or its condition (as a stretched or compressed spring, as a chemical reactant, or by having rest mass).

potentiometer potentiometers n
poitéinsiméadar

potentiometry n
poitéinsiméadracht
(physics) The measurement of electrical potential (voltage) using a potentiometer

pothole potholes n
linntreog
A shallow pit or other edged depression in a road's surface, especially when caused by erosion by weather or traffic.
A pit formed in the bed of a turbulent stream.

potter /ˈpɑtɚ/ /ˈpɒtə/ potters n
criadóir potaire
One who makes pots and other ceramic wares.

potter's clay potter's clays n
cré criadóra cré potaire
The clay used by a potter.

potter's wheel potter's wheels n
roth potaire
A turntable type of machine used by a potter to form round pieces of pottery from wet clay.

pottering potterings n
útamáil
The act of one who potters.

pottery /ˈpɑtəɹi/ /ˈpɒtəɹi/ potteries n
criadóireacht earraí potaireachta potaireacht
Fired ceramic wares that contain clay when formed.
saotharlann photaireachta
(countable) A potter's shop or workshop, where pottery is made.
criadóireacht potaireacht
The potter's craft or art: making vessels from clay.

poultice /ˈpoʊltɪs/ poultices n
ceirín
A soft, moist mass, usually wrapped in cloth and warmed, that is applied topically to a sore, aching or lesioned part of the body to soothe it.

poultry /ˈpoʊltɹi/ /ˈpɒltɹi/ /ˈpəʉltɹi/ /ˈpəʊltɹi/ poultries n
éanlaith
The meat from a domestic fowl.

pound /paʊnd/ pounds n
garraí gabhainn póna
A place for the detention of stray or wandering animals.
punt
A unit of mass equal to 16 avoirdupois ounces (= 453.592 g). Today this value is the most common meaning of "pound" as a unit of weight.
A unit of currency in various currency systems
Any of various units of currency formerly used in the United States.
póna
(UK) A place for the detention of automobiles that have been illegally parked, abandoned, etc.

pound /paʊnd/ v
tuargain
(transitive) To strike hard, usually repeatedly.

pound sterling /paʊnd ˈstɜː(ɹ).lɪŋ/ pounds sterling n
punt steirling
The currency of the United Kingdom.

pour /paʊəɹ/ /paʊɹ/ /po(ː)ɹ/ /poə/ /pɔɹ/ /pɔː/ v
doirt
(transitive, figurative) To send out as in a stream or a flood; to cause (an emotion) to come out; to cause to escape.

pout /paʊt/ /pʌʊt/ v
puisín a chur ort féin
(intransitive) To push out one's lips.

pouting /ˈpaʊtɪŋ/ pouting poutings n
cáitín
A fish in the cod family (Gadidae), Trisopterus luscus.

poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/ /ˈpɒvəti/ poverties n
bochtaineacht
The quality or state of being poor; lack of money

poverty-stricken more poverty-stricken most poverty-stricken adj
ocrach
Very poor.

powder /ˈpaʊ.də(ɹ)/ powders n
púdar smúdar
The fine particles which are the result of reducing a dry substance by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or the result of decay; dust.
púdar púdar éadain smúdar
(cosmetics) A mixture of fine dry, sweet-smelling particles applied to the face or other body parts, to reduce shine or to alleviate chaffing.

powder /ˈpaʊ.də(ɹ)/ v
púdar a dhéanamh de púdráil
(transitive) To reduce to fine particles; to pound, grind, or rub into a powder.
púdar a chur ar púdráil
(transitive) To sprinkle with powder, or as if with powder.

powder flask powder flasks n
cás púdair
A small flask for carrying gunpowder.

powder snow n
púdar sneachta
Freshly fallen, uncompacted snow, especially in the context of Alpine skiing

powdered /ˈpaʊdəd/ /ˈpaʊdɚd/ more powdered most powdered adj
púdrach

powderiness n
púdracht
The state or characteristic of being powdery

powdery /ˈpaʊdəɹi/ more powdery most powdery adj
púdrach
Of or pertaining to powder.

power /ˈpaʊ̯.ə/ /ˈpaʊ̯.ɚ/ /ˈpaʊ̯ə̯/ /ˈpaʊ̯ɹ/ /ˈpæʊ̯.ə/ [ˈpæɔ̯ə] [ˈpʰaə] [ˈpʰaʊ̯ɚ] [ˈpʰaʊ̯ɹ] [ˈpʰaː] [ˈpʰæʊ̯ə] [ˈpʰɑː] [ˈpʰɛəː] powers n
cumas
(countable) The ability to affect or influence.
(social) The ability to coerce, influence, or control.
cumhacht
(metonymically) An influential nation, company, or other such body.
Physical force or strength.
A product of equal factors (and generalizations of this notion): x^n, read as "x to the power of n" or the like, is called a power and denotes the product x \times x \times \cdots \times x, where x appears n times in the product; x is called the base and n the exponent.

power of attorney /ˌpaʊə(r) əv əˈtɜː(r)niː/ powers of attorney n
cumhacht aturnae

power station power stations n
cumhachtstáisiún stáisiún cumhachta
An industrial complex where electricity is produced.

power strip power strips n
clár plocóidí
A block of electrical sockets that attaches to the end of a flexible cable and allows multiple electrical devices to be plugged in.

powerful /ˈpaʊəfəl/ /ˈpaʊɚfəl/ more powerful most powerful powerfuler powerfulest powerfuller powerfullest adj
cumhachtach bríomhar cumasach láidir neartmhar tréan
Having, or capable of exerting, power or influence.

powerfully /ˈpaʊəf(ə)li/ /ˈpaʊɚf(ə)li/ more powerfully most powerfully adv
cumasach
In a powerful manner.

powerlessness powerlessnesses n
easpa cumhachta neamhchumhacht neamhéifeacht
The state or character of being powerless; absence or lack of power.

powertrain /ˈpaʊəˌtɹeɪn/ /ˈpaʊɚˌtɹeɪn/ powertrains n
gléasra cumhachta
The group of components in a vehicle that generate power and deliver it to the road surface, water, or air.

practicable /ˈpɹæktɪkəbəl/ adj
sodhéanta
Capable of being accomplished; feasible.

practice /ˈpɹæktɪs/ practices n
crábhadh
The observance of religious duties that a church requires of its members.

practise /ˈpɹæktɪs/ v
cleacht
(transitive) To repeat (an activity) as a way of improving one's skill in that activity.

pragmatism /ˈpɹaɡmətɪzəm/ /ˈpɹæɡmətɪzəm/ pragmatisms n
réadúlacht
The pursuit of practicality over aesthetic qualities; a concentration on facts rather than emotions or ideals.
(philosophy) The idea that beliefs are identified with the actions of a believer, and the truth of beliefs with success of those actions in securing a believer's goals; the doctrine that ideas must be looked at in terms of their practical effects and consequences.
(politics) The theory that political problems should be met with practical solutions rather than ideological ones.

praise /pɹeɪz/ praises n
clú
Commendation; favourable representation in words.

praise /pɹeɪz/ v
mol cuach
To give praise to; to commend, glorify, or worship.

pram /pɹæm/ prams n
cóiste linbh naíchóiste
A small vehicle, usually covered, in which a newborn baby is pushed around in a lying position.
(colloquial, loosely) A pushchair; a buggy.

prank /pɹæŋk/ pranks n
cleas
A practical joke or mischievous trick.

praseodymium /ˌpɹeɪzioʊˈdɪmiəm/ praseodymiums n
praiséidimiam
A chemical element (symbol Pr) with an atomic number of 59, a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties.

prattle /ˈpɹætəl/ n
gliogar
Silly, childish talk; babble.

prattler prattlers n
gliogaire
One who prattles or is inclined to do so.

prawn /pɹoːn/ /pɹɔn~pɹɑn/ /pɹɔːn/ prawn prawns n
cloicheán
(Commonwealth) A crustacean, sometimes confused with shrimp.

prawn cocktail prawn cocktails n
manglam cloicheán
A salad dish made from cooked, peeled, chilled prawns with a Marie Rose sauce, served on lettuce with lemon.

prawn cracker prawn crackers n
craicear cloicheán
A light, deep-fried snack made from shrimp and starch, popular in East Asian cuisine.

pray /pɹeɪ/ v
guigh
(religion) To direct words, thoughts, or one's attention to a deity or any higher being, for the sake of adoration, thanks, petition for help, etc.
(obsolete) To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat for.

prayer /pɹɛə(ɹ)/ /pɹɛɚ/ /ˈpɹeɪəɹ/ /ˈpɹɛɹ/ prayers n
guí urnaí
(uncountable) A practice of communicating with one's God, or with some spiritual entity.
(countable) An act of praying.
A meeting held for the express purpose of praying.
paidir guí
The specific words or methods used for praying.

prayer beads n
paidrín
A string of beads used by members of various religions to count prayers, chants or devotions.

pre-Christian adj
réamh-Chríostaí
Pertaining to the time before the arrival of Christianity, particularly in Western Europe.

pre-Romanesque adj
réamh-Rómhánúil

pre-drink v
réamhól
(intransitive) To drink cheaper take-away alcohol prior to drinking in more expensive clubs and bars

preach /pɹiːt͡ʃ/ v
seanmóir a thabhairt
(intransitive) To give a sermon.
craobhscaoil
(transitive) To proclaim by public discourse; to utter in a sermon or a formal religious harangue.

preacher /ˈpɹit͡ʃɚ/ /ˈpɹiːt͡ʃə/ preachers n
seanmóirí
Someone who preaches a worldview, philosophy, or religion, especially someone who preaches the gospel and especially a clergyman or clergywoman.

preadolescence n
réamhógántacht
The period between childhood and adolescence, between the ages of about 9 and 11 for girls, and 10 and 12 for boys.

preamble /ˈpɹiˌæmbəl/ /ˈpɹiːˌambəl/ preambles n
brollach réamhrá
A short preliminary statement or remark, especially an explanatory introduction to a formal document or statute.
réamhghiotán
(computing, networking) A syncword.

precancerous /pɹiˈkænsəɹəs/ adj
réamhailseach
(oncology) Of or pertaining to growth that is likely to develop into cancer

precedence /pɹɪˈsiːd(ə)ns/ /ˈpɹiːsɪd(ə)ns/ /ˈpɹɛsɪd(ə)ns/ precedences n
oireachas
The state of preceding in importance or priority.

precession precessions n
luainíocht
Any of several slow changes in an astronomical body's rotational or orbital parameters.

precious /ˈpɹɛʃ.əs/ more precious most precious adj
luachmhar lómhar maoineach
Of high value or worth.

preciousness preciousnesses n
luachmhaireacht
The condition of being precious.

precipitate /pɹəˈsɪpɪteɪt/ /pɹəˈsɪpɪtət/ /pɹɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/ /pɹɪˈsɪpɪtət/ more precipitate most precipitate adj
mear tobann
With a hasty impulse; hurried; headstrong.
tobann
Moving with excessive speed or haste; overly hasty.

precipitate /pɹəˈsɪpɪteɪt/ /pɹəˈsɪpɪtət/ /pɹɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/ /pɹɪˈsɪpɪtət/ v
comhdhlúthaigh
(transitive) To cause (water in the air) to condense or fall to the ground.

precipitation /pɹɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən/ precipitations n
comhdhlúthú
(meteorology) Any or all of the forms of water particles, whether liquid or solid, that fall from the upper atmosphere (e.g., rain, hail, snow or sleet). It is a major class of hydrometeor, but it is distinguished from cloud, fog, dew, rime, frost, etc., in that it must fall. It is distinguished from cloud and virga in that it must reach the ground.

precise /pɹɪˈsaɪs/ more precise most precise preciser precisest adj
cruinn beacht gonta pointeáilte
(broadly) Both exact and accurate.

precision /pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/ [pɹɪˈsɪʒ.n̩] precisions n
cruinneas
(broadly) The state of being precise or exact; especially, both exact and accurate.

preclude /pɹiːˈkluːd/ /pɹɪˈkluːd/ v
coisc
(transitive) Remove the possibility of; rule out; prevent or exclude; to make impossible.

precocious /pɹəˈkəʊʃəs/ more precocious most precocious adj
seanchríonna
Characterized by exceptionally early development or maturity.
Exhibiting advanced skills and aptitudes at an abnormally early age.

precociousness n
seanaimsearthacht seanchríonnacht seanórthacht
The condition of being precocious

precocity /pɹəˈkɒsɪti/ precocities n
seanaimsearthacht seanchríonnacht seanórthacht
The state of being precocious.

predator /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tə/ /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/ predators n
creachadóir
Any animal or other organism that hunts and kills other non-plant organisms (their prey), primarily for food.

predicate /ˈpɹɛd.ɪ.kət/ /ˈpɹɛd.ɪ.kɪt/ predicates n
faisnéis
(grammar) The part of the sentence (or clause) which states a property that a subject has or is characterized by.

predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ v
tuar réamhaithris
(transitive) To make a prediction: to forecast, foretell, or estimate a future event on the basis of knowledge and reasoning; to prophesy a future event on the basis of mystical knowledge or power.

predictable /pɹɪˈdɪktəbl̩/ more predictable most predictable adj
intuartha
Able to be predicted.

prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/ predictions n
réamhaisnéis tairngreacht
A statement of what will happen in the future.

predominant /pɹɪˈdɒmɪnənt/ more predominant most predominant adj
ardcheannasach
Significant or important; dominant.

preeclampsia preeclampsias n
réamheaclaimsia
(pathology) A complication of pregnancy, affecting about 2-20% of women, depending on location, characterized by hypertension and damage to the linings of the blood vessels of the brain, liver, lungs and kidneys, which can lead to multiple organ failure, convulsions, coma and death. The only cure is delivery of the child.

preeminent /pɹiːˈɛmɪnənt/ adj
aireaghdha dearscnaitheach séaghainn
Exceeding others in quality or rank; of outstanding excellence, extremely notable or important. [from 15th c.]

preen /pɹiːn/ v
cluimhrigh
(of birds, ambitransitive) To groom; to trim or dress the feathers with the beak.

prefabrication prefabrications n
réamhdhéanamh
The manufacture of prefabricated components, and their assembly.

preface /ˈpɹɛfəs/ /ˈpɹɛfɪs/ prefaces n
réamhrá
A beginning or introductory portion that comes before the main text of a document or book, typically serving to contextualize or explain the writing of the book and sometimes to acknowledge others' contributions.

prefect /ˈpɹiːfɛkt/ prefects n
maor
(British) A school pupil in a position of power over other pupils.

prefer /pɹɪˈfɜː/ /pɹɪˈfɝ/ v
is fearr le share lesh
(transitive) To be in the habit of choosing something rather than something else; to favor; to like better. [from 14th c.]

prefix /pɹiːˈfɪks/ /pɹɛˈfɪks/ /ˈpɹiːfɪks/ prefixes n
réimír
(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning, for example as, pre- in prefix, con- in conjure, re- in reheat, etc.

pregnancy /ˈpɹɛɡnənsi/ pregnancies n
toircheas
The period of time this condition prevails.

pregnant /ˈpɹɛɡnənt/ more pregnant most pregnant adj
ag iompar clainne torrach
(mostly, not comparable) Carrying developing offspring within the body.

prehensile /pɹiˈhɛnsəl/ /pɹɪˈhɛn.saɪl/ adj
greama inghreama
(zoology) Able to take hold of and clasp objects; adapted for grasping especially by wrapping around an object.

preliminary /pɹɪˈlɪmɪnəɹi/ /pɹɪˈlɪmɪnɛɹi/ adj
réamh-
In preparation for the main matter; initial, introductory, preparatory.

preliminary /pɹɪˈlɪmɪnəɹi/ /pɹɪˈlɪmɪnɛɹi/ preliminaries n
réamhbhabhta
Any of a series of sports events that determine the finalists

premature /ˈpɹɛ.mə.tjə/ /ˌpɹi.məˈtʊɹ/ /ˌpɹi.məˈt͡ʃʊɹ/ /ˌpɹɛ.məˈtjʊə/ more premature most premature adj
anabaí réamhaibí
Occurring before a state of readiness or maturity has arrived.
roimh am
Taking place earlier than anticipated, prepared for, or desired.

premature ejaculation premature ejaculations n
seadadh roimh am
A medical condition where a man, when initiating sexual intercourse, will experience an orgasm and expel semen after a time period far below the average, generally defined as one minute or less.

prematurity prematurities n
réamhaibíocht
(uncountable) The condition of (a baby, etc.) being premature.

preparation /pɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃən/ preparations n
inleadh oirchill réamhtheacht ullmhú
(uncountable) The act of preparing or getting ready.

prepare /pɹəˈpɛ(ə)ɹ/ /pɹɪˈpɛ(ə)ɹ/ /pɹɪˈpɛə/ /pɹɪˈpɛː/ v
ullmhaigh deasaigh réitigh
(transitive) To make ready for a specific future purpose; to set up; to assemble or equip.
deasaigh
(transitive) To make ready for eating or drinking; to cook.
stócáil ullmhaigh
(intransitive) To make oneself ready; to get ready, make preparation.

prepared /pɹɪˈpɛəd/ /pɹɪˈpɛɹd/ more prepared most prepared adj
réidh
(followed by the preposition to) Disposed, willing, ready (to do something).

prepayment prepayments n
réamhíocaíocht íocaíocht roimh ré
A payment in advance.

preponderance /pɹəˈpɑndəɹəns/ /pɹəˈpɑndɹəns/ /pɹɪˈpɒndəɹəns/ /pɹɪˈpɒndɹəns/ preponderances n
trom
Superiority of influence, power, a quality, etc.; an outweighing, predominance, pre-eminence.

preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/ prepositions n
réamhfhocal
(grammar, strict sense) Any of a class of non-inflecting words and multiword terms typically employed to connect a following noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word: a particle used with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to make a phrase limiting some other word.

prepositional adj
réamhfhoclach
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a preposition.

prepositional pronoun prepositional pronouns n
forainm réamhfhoclach
A type of pronoun used in Celtic and Semitic languages, where a preposition followed by a personal pronoun creates a new word.

presbyter /ˈpɹɛsbɪtɚ/ /ˈpɹɛzbɪtə/ /ˈpɹɛzbɪtɚ/ presbyters n
preispitéir
An elder, priest, pastor, or minister in various Christian churches.

preschooling n
réamhscolaíocht
the early education that occurs at preschool

prescription /pɝˈskɹɪpʃən/ /pɹəˈskɹɪpʃən/ prescriptions n
oideas
(medicine, pharmacy, pharmacology) A written order from an authorized medical practitioner for provision of a medicine or other treatment, such as (ophthalmology) the specific lenses needed for a pair of glasses.

presence /ˈpɹɛz(ə)ns/ /ˈpɹɛzn̩s/ presences n
láithreacht fianaise
The fact or condition of being present, or of being within sight or call, or at hand.

present /pɹiˈzɛnt/ /pɹəˈzɛnt/ /pɹɪˈzɛnt/ /ˈpɹɛzənt/ more present most present adj
i láithir láithreach
Relating to now, for the time being; current.
Relating to something a person is referring to in the very context, with a deictic use similar to the demonstrative adjective this.
i láthair
Located in the immediate vicinity.

present /pɹiˈzɛnt/ /pɹəˈzɛnt/ /pɹɪˈzɛnt/ /ˈpɹɛzənt/ presents n
am i láthair
The current moment or period of time.

present tense present tenses n
aimsir láithreach
(grammar) A grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in the present time.

presentation /pɹisɛnˈteɪʃən/ /ˌpɹizənˈteɪʃən/ /ˌpɹɛzənˈteɪʃən/ presentations n
láithreoireacht
The act of presenting, or something presented.

presenter /pɹɪˈzɛntə(ɹ)/ presenters n
láithreoir
(radio, television) Someone who presents a broadcast programme; a compere or master of ceremonies.

presently /ˈpɹɛzəntli/ more presently most presently adv
ar ball
Before long; soon. [from 15thc.]

preservative /prɪˈzəːvətɪv/ adj
leasaitheach
Tending to preserve.

preserve /pɹəˈzɜːv/ /pɹəˈzɝv/ v
caomhnaigh coinnigh
To protect; to keep from harm or injury.
leasaigh
To maintain throughout; to keep intact.

preside /pɹɪˈzaɪd/ v
dul sa chathaoir
(intransitive) To act as president or chairperson.

presidency /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/ presidencies n
uachtaránacht
The office or role of president.

president /ˈpɹɛzɪdənt/ presidentess presidents n
uachtarán
The head of state of a republic.

press /pɹɛs/ presses n
preas
(countable) A device used to apply pressure to an item.
(uncountable, collective) The print-based media (both the people and the newspapers).
prios
(countable, especially, _, in, _, Ireland, _) An enclosed storage space (e.g. closet, cupboard).

pressing /ˈpɹɛsɪŋ/ more pressing most pressing adj
práinneach
Needing urgent attention.

pressure cooker pressure cookers n
brúbhruthaire
(cookware) A sealed cooking vessel that allows cooking in greater than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature above the boiling point of water.

presumably /pɹɪˈzjuːməbli/ /pɹɪˈzuːməbli/ /pɹɪˈʒuːməbli/ more presumably most presumably adv
de réir cosúlachta de réir dealraimh
Able to be sensibly presumed.

presumption /pɹɪˈzʌmp.ʃən/ presumptions n
andóchas
The act of presuming, or something presumed.

presumptuous /pɹiˈzʌmpt͡ʃuəs/ /pɹəˈzʌmp.tjuː.əs/ /pɹəˈzʌmp.tʃuː.əs/ /pɹəˈzʌmp.ʃəs/ /pɹəˈzʌmpt͡ʃuəs/ more presumptuous most presumptuous adj
andóchasach dalba dána iomarcach
Making unwarranted presumptions or assumptions, often out of arrogance or excessive self-confidence, and thus exceeding what is appropriate or right.

pretence /pɹɪˈtɛns/ /ˈpɹiːtɛns/ pretences n
cur i gcéill
(British spelling) An act of pretending or pretension; a false claim or pretext.

pretender /pɹɪˈtɛndəɹ/ pretenders n
oidhre éilitheoir
A claimant to a throne or the office of a ruler; originally in a neutral sense, but now always applied to a claimant who is held to have no just title.
geáitseálaí gleacaí
A person who professes beliefs and opinions that they do not hold.

pretense /ˈpɹiːtɛns/ pretenses n
cur i gcéill
(US) A false or hypocritical assertion, implication, or representation.

pretension pretensions n
móiréis
Pretentiousness.

pretentious /pɹɪ.ˈ tɛn.t͡ʃəs/ more pretentious most pretentious adj
gáifeach taibhseach thar fóir
Motivated by an inappropriate, excessive, or unjustified desire to impress others.
gaisciúil móiréiseach postúil sotalach
Marked by an unwarranted claim to importance or distinction.

pretty /ˈpɔɪti/ /ˈpɝti/ /ˈpɹɪti/ /ˈpɹʊti/ [ˈpɹɪɾi] prettier prettiest adj
deas
Pleasant to the sight or other senses; attractive, especially of women or children. [from 15th c.]

pretty penny /ˌpɹɪti ˈpɛni/ [-ɾi-] pretty pennies n
pingin mhaith
(idiomatic, informal) Chiefly preceded by a: a considerable amount of money; a high income or price.

prevalence /pɹɪˈveɪləns/ /ˈpɹɛvələns/ prevalences n
leitheadúlacht
The quality or condition of being prevalent; wide extension or spread.

prevent /pɹəˈvɛnt/ /pɹɪˈvɛnt/ v
coisc urghair
(transitive) To stop (an outcome); to keep from (doing something). [from 16th c.]

preventive /pɹɪˈvɛntɪv/ more preventive most preventive adj
toirmeascach
Preventing, hindering, or acting as an obstacle to.

previously /ˈpɹivi.əsli/ /ˈpɹiːvi.əsli/ adv
roimh ré
(with past-tense constructions) At an earlier time; already.

prey /pɹeɪ/ preys n
creach
That which is or may be seized by animals to be devoured.

priapism /ˈpraɪ.əˌpɪ.zəm/ priapisms n
biachacht
(pathology) A potentially painful or harmful medical condition in which the erect penis (erection) does not return to its flaccid state (despite the absence of both physical and psychological stimulation), often as a result of a spinal injury.

price /pɹaɪs/ /pɹʌɪs/ prices n
praghas costas luach
The cost required to gain possession of something.

price tag price tags n
praghaslipéad
The tag or sticker attached to a product, displaying its price.

prick /pɹɪk/ [pʰɹ̠̊ɪk] pricks n
slat tairne
(obsolete) A tiny particle; a small amount of something; a jot. [10th–18th c.]
bior dealg goineog tairne
A small pointed object. [from 10th c.]

prick /pɹɪk/ [pʰɹ̠̊ɪk] v
clip
(obsolete) To mark or denote by a puncture; to designate by pricking; to choose; to mark.

prickle /pɹɪkəl/ prickles n
colg
A small, sharp pointed object, such as a thorn.

prickliness /ˈpɹɪklɪnəs/ pricklinesses n
drisíneacht
The state or quality of being prickly.

prickly pricklier prickliest adj
drisíneach
(figurative) Easily irritated.

prickly pear /ˌpɹɪkli ˈpɛː/ prickly pears n
piorra deilgneach
Any of various spiny cacti of the genus Opuntia.
The fruit, often edible, of such a plant.

pride /pɹaɪd/ [ˈpɹ̥ʷaɪd] prides n
mórchúis anumhlaíocht
The quality or state of being proud; an unreasonable overestimation of one's own superiority in terms of talents, looks, wealth, importance etc., which comes across as being lofty, distant, and often showing contempt of others.
mórtas uaill
(having a positive sense, often with of or in) A sense of one's own worth, and scorn for what is beneath or unworthy of oneself.
borrachas mórtas uaill
Proud or disdainful behavior or treatment; insolence or arrogance of demeanor; haughty bearing and conduct; insolent exultation.

prie-dieu /pɹiːˈdjəː/ prie-dieus prie-dieux n
stól urnaí
A piece of furniture on which someone can pray, consisting of a cushioned area to kneel on, with a built-in ledge for books. [from 17th c.]

priest /ˈpɹiːst/ [ˈpɹ̥iːst] priestess priests n
sagart athair naofa
A religious clergyman (clergywoman, clergyperson) who is trained to perform services or sacrifices at a church or temple.

priestess /priːˈstɛs/ /ˈpristɪs/ /ˈpriːstɛs/ priest priestesses n
bansagart
A woman with religious duties and responsibilities in certain religions.

priesthood /ˈpɹiːstˌhʊd/ priesthoods n
sagartacht
The role or office of a priest.
Authority to act in the name of God or the divine in general.
cléir sagairt
Priests as a group; the clergy.

priestliness n
sagartúlacht
The quality or state of being like a priest.

priestly /ˈpɹiːstli/ more priestly most priestly priestlier priestliest adj
sagartúil
Of or relating to priests.

priggish /ˈpɹɪɡɪʃ/ more priggish most priggish adj
ceartaiseach feimíneach saoithíneach
Like a prig.

prima donna /ˌpɹiːməˈdɒnə/ prima donnas primae donnae prime donne n
primadonna príomhamhránaí mná
(opera) The principal female singer or the leading lady.

primacy /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.si/ /ˈpɹɪ.mə.si/ primacies n
príomhacht
The state or condition of being prime or first, as in time, place, rank, etc.
príomhaíocht
(religion) The office, rank, or character of a primate, it being the chief ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church.

primary school primary schools n
bunscoil
(British, Australian, sometimes, Philippines, schools) A formal, obligatory kind of school that typically begins with nursery school or first grade and ends at fifth or sixth grade.

prime factor prime factors n
fachtóir príomha
(number theory) A factor of a given integer which is also a prime number.

prime minister /ˌpɹaɪm ˈmɪnɪstə(ɹ)/ prime ministers n
príomh-aire
The chief member of the cabinet and head of the government, especially in a parliamentary democracy; often the leader of the majority party.

prime number prime numbers n
uimhir phríomha
(number theory) Any natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers.

prime time n
príomh-am príomh-am sceidil
(television, radio) The block of programming on television during the middle of the evening, usually between 7:00 pm and 11:00 pm.

primer /ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɹaɪmɚ/ /ˈpɹɪ.mɚ/ primers n
bunleabhar miontosach priméar uraiceacht
A children's book intended to teach literacy: how to read, write, and spell.
bunleabhar
An introductory text on any subject, particularly basic concepts.

primeval /ˌpɹaɪˈmi.vəl/ more primeval most primeval adj
cianaosta príomhaoiseach
Belonging to the first ages.

primeval forest primeval forests n
foraois chianaosta
A forest unaffected by humans, typically containing large live trees, large dead trees, and large logs.

primrose /ˈpɹɪm.ɹoʊz/ /ˈpɹɪm.ɹəʊz/ primroses n
sabhaircín
A flowering plant of the genus Primula.

prince /pɹɪns/ /pɹɪnts/ princes n
prionsa flaith
The (male) ruler or head of a principality. [from 14th c.]
prionsa mac rí rídhamhna
A male member of a royal family other than the ruler; especially (in the United Kingdom) the son or grandson of the monarch. [from 14th c.]

princeliness n
flaithiúlacht
The quality or state of being princely.

princely /ˈpɹɪnsli/ princelier princeliest adj
prionsúil
Relating to a prince; regal; royal.

princess /pɹɪnˈsɛs/ /ˈpɹɪnsɛs/ /ˈpɹɪnsɪs/ princesses n
banphrionsa iníon rí banfhlaith
A female member of a royal family other than a queen, especially a daughter or granddaughter of a monarch. [from 14th c.]

principal /ˈpɹɪnsəpəl/ /ˈpɹɪnsɪpəl/ principals n
príomhoide
(North America, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines) The chief administrator of a school.
(architecture, engineering) The construction that gives shape and strength to a roof, generally a truss of timber or iron; or, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing.

principality /pɹɪnsɪˈpælɪti/ principalities n
prionsacht
(countable) A region or sovereign nation headed by a prince or princess. [from 14th c.]

print /pɹɪnt/ prints n
prionta
A visible impression on a surface.

print /pɹɪnt/ v
clóbhuail
(transitive) To produce one or more copies of a text or image on a surface, especially by machine; often used with out or off: print out, print off.

printer /ˈpɹɪn(t)ɚ/ /ˈpɹɪntə(ɹ)/ [ˈpʰɹɪɾ̃ɚ] printers n
clódóir
The operator of a printing press or the owner of a printing business; (metonymy) any printing business.
clóire printéir
(now chiefly, _, computer hardware) A device, usually attached to a computer, used to print text or images onto paper; an analogous device capable of producing three-dimensional objects.

printer's devil printer's devils printers' devils n
giolla clódóra
(dated) An apprentice printer.

printing /ˈpɹɪntɪŋ/ printings n
clódóireacht
(uncountable) The process or business of producing printed material by means of inked type and a printing press or similar technology.

printing ink printing inks n
dúch clódóireachta
A rapidly drying type of ink specifically for printing machines.

printing press printing presses n
clóphreas
A mechanical device used for printing text or images repeatedly.

printmaker printmakers n
déantóir priontaí
A person who makes prints of works of art, (particularly) a self-employed craftsman.

printout printouts n
asphrionta
Something printed on paper, usually by a printer (machine).

prion /ˈpɹaɪən/ /ˈpɹiːɒn/ prions n
prión
(molecular biology) A self-propagating misfolded conformer of a protein that is responsible for a number of diseases that affect the brain and other neural tissue.

prior /ˈpɹaɪ.(ə)ɹ/ /ˈpɹaɪ.ə/ priors n
prióir
In an abbey, the person ranking just after the abbot, appointed as his deputy; a prior claustral.

prioress prioresses n
banphrióir
A nun in charge of a priory (usually lower in rank than an abbess); mother superior.

priory /ˈpɹaɪ.əɹ.i/ /ˈpɹaɪəɹ.i/ priories n
prióireacht
A monastery or convent governed by a prior or prioress.

prism /ˈpɹɪz(ə)m/ /ˈpɹɪzəm/ [ˈpʰɹ̠̊ɪzm̩] prisms n
priosma
(geometry) A polyhedron with parallel ends of the same polygonal shape and size, the other faces being parallelogram-shaped sides.

prison /ˈpɹɪzən/ [pʰɹ̠̊ɪzn̩] prisons n
príosún carcair
A place or institution where people are held against their will, in the US especially for long-term confinement, as of those convicted of serious crimes or otherwise considered undesirable by the government.

prisoner /ˈpɹɪznə/ /ˈpɹɪzənə/ /ˈpɹɪzənɚ/ prisoners n
cime príosúnach
A person incarcerated in a prison, while on trial or serving a sentence.
príosúnach
Any person held against their will.

pristine /pɹɪsˈtaɪn/ /pɹɪsˈtiːn/ /ˈpɹɪstiːn/ more pristine most pristine adj
cianaosta
Primitive, pertaining to the earliest state of something.

privacy /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/ /ˈpɹɪv.ə.si/ privacies n
príobháideachas
(uncountable) The state of being secluded from the presence, sight, or knowledge of others.

private /ˈpɹaɪ.vət/ /ˈpɹaɪ.vɪt/ more private most private adj
príobháideach
Belonging or pertaining to an individual person, group of people, or entity that is not the state.
Protected from view or disturbance by others; secluded; not publicly accessible.

private /ˈpɹaɪ.vət/ /ˈpɹaɪ.vɪt/ privates n
baill ghiniúna náire
(euphemism, in the plural) The genitals.

private property private properties n
maoin phearsanta
(law, property law) Property to which individuals or corporations have certain exclusive property rights, but do not necessarily possess.

privet /ˈpɹɪv.ɪt/ privets n
pribhéad
Any of various shrubs and small trees in the genus Ligustrum.

privilege /ˈpɹɪv(ɪ)lɪd͡ʒ/ privileges n
pribhléid
(countable) A particular benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity enjoyed by some but not others; a prerogative, preferential treatment. [from 10th c.]

prize /pɹaɪz/ prizes n
duais
An honour or reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything offered to be competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort.
That which may be won by chance, as in a lottery.

pro- /pɹoʊ/ /pɹəʊ/ prefix
ur-
earlier; prior
rudimentary
in front of

probability theory n
teoiric na dóchúlachta
(mathematics) The mathematical study of probability (the likelihood of occurrence of random events in order to predict the behavior of defined systems).

probable /ˈpɹɑbəbl̩/ /ˈpɹɒbəbl̩/ more probable most probable adj
is dóigh
Likely or most likely to be true.

probably /ˈpɹɑbli/ /ˈpɹɑbəbli/ /ˈpɹɑəbli/ /ˈpɹɒbli/ /ˈpɹɒbəbli/ more probably most probably adv
is dócha (go)
In all likelihood.

probation officer probation officers n
oifigeach promhaidh
A law enforcement officer who supervises offenders who have been released from incarceration and, often, recommends sentencing in courts of law.

problem /ˈpɹɑbləm/ /ˈpɹɒbləm/ /ˈpɹɒblɪm/ problems n
fadhb deacracht
A difficulty that has to be resolved or dealt with.
Difficulty in accepting or understanding or refusal to accept or understand.
fadhb
A question to be answered, schoolwork exercise.
A puzzling circumstance.

proboscis /pɹə(ʊ)ˈbɒs(k)ɪs/ probosces proboscides proboscises n
próboscas
(anatomy) An elongated tube from the head or connected to the mouth, of an animal.

proceeds /pɹəˈsiːdz/ /ˈpɹoʊsidz/ /ˈpɹəʊsiːdz/ n
fáltas
Revenue; gross revenue.

process /-əs/ /ˈpɹoʊsɛs/ /ˈpɹɑsɛs/ /ˈpɹəʊsɛs/ processes n
próiseas
A series of events which produce a result (the product).
A path of succession of states through which a system passes.
starr
(anatomy) A structure that arises above a surface.

process /-əs/ /ˈpɹoʊsɛs/ /ˈpɹɑsɛs/ /ˈpɹəʊsɛs/ v
próiseáil

processing /ˈpɹɑsɛsɪŋ/ /ˈpɹəʊsɛsɪŋ/ processings n
próiseáil
The action of the verb to process.

procession /pɹəˈsɛʃən/ processions n
mórshiúl
A group of people or things moving along in an orderly, stately, or solemn manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a retinue.

proclamation /ˌpɹɑkləˈmeɪʃən/ /ˌpɹɒkləˈmeɪʃən/ proclamations n
fógra
A statement which is proclaimed; formal public announcement.

proctor /ˈpɹɒktə(ɹ)/ proctors n
prócadóir

prodigal /ˈpɹɑdɪɡəl/ /ˈpɹɒdɪɡəl/ [ˈpʰɹɑɾɪɡɫ̩] more prodigal most prodigal adj
anaisteach caifeach díobhlásach
Wastefully extravagant.

prodigal son prodigal sons n
mac díobhlásach millteán mic
Someone who returns home from travelling or exile or who is welcomed back after disgrace, especially having repented of former extravagant or immoral behaviour.

prodigality prodigalities n
caifeachas
Wasteful extravagance.

produce /pɹəˈdjuːs/ /pɹəˈdus/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒuːs/ /ˈpɹoʊ.dus/ /ˈpɹɑ.dus/ /ˈpɹɒdjuːs/ /ˈpɹɒd͡ʒuːs/ n
meas
Harvested agricultural goods collectively, especially vegetables and fruit, but possibly including eggs, dairy products and meat; the saleable food products of farms.

produce /pɹəˈdjuːs/ /pɹəˈdus/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒuːs/ /ˈpɹoʊ.dus/ /ˈpɹɑ.dus/ /ˈpɹɒdjuːs/ /ˈpɹɒd͡ʒuːs/ v
táirg
(transitive) To bring forth, to yield, make, manufacture, or otherwise generate.

producer /pɹəˈdjuːsə/ /pɹəˈduːsɚ/ /pɹəˈdʒuːsə/ producers n
táirgeoir
(economics) An individual or organization that creates goods and services.
táirgeoir léiritheoir
(UK, Irish, slang) An arrest for speeding after which the driver is allowed seven (in the UK) or ten (in Ireland) days to produce his/her driving licence and related documents at a police station.

product /ˈpɹɑ.dəkt/ /ˈpɹɑ.dʌkt/ /ˈpɹɒd.əkt/ /ˈpɹɒd.ʌkt/ products n
iolrach
(mathematics) Any operation or a result thereof which generalises multiplication of numbers, like the multiplicative operation in a ring, product of types or a categorical product.
toradh
Any tangible or intangible good or service that is a result of a process and that is intended for delivery to a customer or end user.
táirge
(chemistry) A chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
(countable, uncountable) A commodity offered for sale.

productive /pɹəˈdʌk.təv/ /pɹəˈdʌk.tɪv/ more productive most productive adj
táirgiúil
bisiúil torthúil
Capable of producing something, especially in abundance; fertile.

productiveness n
táirgiúlacht
The state of being productive.

productivity /ˌpɹoʊ.dʌkˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpɹoʊdʌkˈtɪvɪti/ /ˌpɹɑ.dʌkˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ /ˌpɹɔd.akˈtɪv.ə.ti/ [ˌpɹoʊ.dʌkˈtɪv.ɪ.ɾi] [ˌpɹɑ.dʌkˈtɪv.ɪ.ɾi] [ˌpɹɔd.akˈtɪv.ə.ɾi] productivities n
bisiúlacht táirgiúlacht
The state of being productive, fertile or efficient.

profane /pɹəˈfeɪn/ more profane most profane profaner profanest adj
diamhaslach
Treating sacred things with contempt, disrespect, irreverence, or scorn; blasphemous, impious.

profanity profanities n
naomhaithis mallachtach
(uncountable) The quality of being profane; quality of irreverence, of treating sacred things with contempt.

profession /pɹəˈfɛʃən/ professions n
gairm
Professional occupation.

profession of faith professions of faith n
admháil chreidimh
(religion) A creed; a (typically formulaic) statement of the beliefs of one's religion, often recited during public prayers or liturgies.
(religion, Christianity, specifically) A formulaic declaration asserting the orthodoxy of one's beliefs, usually made at baptism, entry into a particular Church, or upon the acceptance of an ecclesial office, and typically including the recitation of a creed.

professional /pɹəˈfɛʃənəl/ more professional most professional adj
gairmiúil
Of, pertaining to, or in accordance with the (usually high) standards of a profession.
That is carried out for money, especially as a livelihood.

professional /pɹəˈfɛʃənəl/ professionals n
gairmí
A person who belongs to a profession.

professor /pɹəˈfɛsə/ /pɹəˈfɛsɚ/ professors n
ollamh
(US, Philippines, informal) A teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank.

professorial more professorial most professorial adj
ollúnta
Of, relating to, or characteristic of a professor or professors, or of a professorship or professorships.

professorship professorships n
ollúnacht
(education) The office of a professor.

profile /ˈpɹoʊfaɪl/ /ˈpɹəʊfaɪl/ profiles n
próifíl
(countable) The outermost shape, view, or edge of an object.
(countable) The shape, view, or shadow of a person's head from the side; a side view.
(countable) A summary or collection of information, especially about a person
(Internet, countable) A specific page or field in which users can provide various types of personal information in software or Internet systems.

profit /ˈpɹɑfɪt/ /ˈpɹɒfɪt/ profits n
brabach brabús
(accounting, economics) Total income or cash flow minus expenditures. The money or other benefit a non-governmental organization or individual receives in exchange for products and services sold at an advertised price.

profitable /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/ /ˈpɹɒf.ɪ.tə.bl̩/ more profitable most profitable adj
airgeadúil
Producing a profit.

profiteer /ˌpɹɒfɪˈtɪə(ɹ)/ profiteers n
brabachóir
(pejorative) One who makes an unreasonable profit not justified by cost or risk, a rent-seeker.

profiteering profiteerings n
brabúsaíocht
The act of making an unreasonable profit not justified by the corresponding assumption of risk, or by doing so unethically or opportunistically.

profuse /pɹəˈfjuːs/ more profuse most profuse adj
raidhsiúil
abundant or generous to the point of excess.

profusion /pɹoʊˈfjuʒən/ /pɹə(ʊ)ˈfjuːʒən/ /pɹəˈfjuʒən/ profusions n
raidhse
abundance; the state of being profuse; a cornucopia

progenitor /pɹoʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪ.tɚ/ /pɹəʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪ.tə/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.tə/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.tɚ/ progenitors n
sinsear
A forefather, any of a person's direct ancestors.
A person from whom one or more people (dynasty, tribe, nation…) are descended.
(biology) An ancestral form of a species.

progeny /ˈpɹɑd͡ʒəni/ /ˈpɹɒd͡ʒəni/ progenies n
clann
(uncountable) Offspring or descendants considered as a group.

proglacial adj
uroighreach
Situated in front, or outside the margins, of a glacier or ice sheet (and formed from its meltwaters).

prognosis /-səs/ /pɹɑɡˈnoʊsiz/ /pɹɑɡˈnoʊsɪs/ /pɹɒɡˈnəʊsiːz/ /pɹɒɡˈnəʊsɪs/ prognoses n
tairngreacht
A forecast of the future course or outcome of a situation based on what is presently known; a prediction. [from mid 17th c.]
prognóis
(medicine) A forecast of the future course or outcome of a disease or disorder based on current medical knowledge. [from mid 17th c.]

program /ˈpɹoʊɡɹəm/ /ˈpɹoʊˌɡɹæm/ /ˈpɹoːɡɹɑːm/ /ˈpɹoːɡɹəm/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹæm/ programs n
clár
A set of structured activities; a plan of action.
(broadcasting) A performance of a show or other broadcast on radio or television.
ríomhchlár
(computing) A software application, or a collection of software applications, designed to perform a specific task.

programming language /ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɪŋ læŋɡwɪdʒ/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹæmɪŋ læŋɡwɪdʒ/ programming languages n
teanga ríomhaire teanga ríomhaireachta teanga ríomhchlárúcháin
(programming) A code of reserved words and symbols used in computer programs, which give instructions to the computer on how to accomplish certain computing tasks.

progress /-ɹəs/ /ˈpɹoʊɡɹɛs/ /ˈpɹɑɡɹɛs/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹɛs/ progresses n
forás
Movement onwards or forwards or towards a specific objective or direction; advance. [from 16th c.]

progression /pɹəˈɡɹɛʃən/ progressions n
gluaiseacht
The act of moving from one thing to another.
seicheamh
(mathematics) A sequence obtained by adding or multiplying each term by a constant.

prohibit /pɹoʊˈhɪbɪt/ /pɹəʊˈhɪbɪt/ /pɹəˈhɪbət/ /pɹəˈhɪbɪt/ v
coisc urghair
(transitive) To forbid, disallow, or proscribe officially; to make illegal or illicit.

prohibition /ˌpɹoʊ(h)ɪˈbɪʃən/ /ˌpɹəʊ(h)ɪˈbɪʃən/ prohibitions n
crosadh
An act of prohibiting, forbidding, disallowing, or proscribing something.

project /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹoʊ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɐʊ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɑ.d͡ʒɪkt/ /ˈpɹɑˌd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɒ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɒd͡ʒ.ɛkt/ /ˈpɹɔd͡ʒ.ɛkt/ /ˈpɹəʊ.dʒɛkt/ [-d͡ʒɪ̈kt] projects n
tionscadal togra
A planned endeavor, usually with a specific goal and accomplished in several steps or stages.

projection /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/ projections n
caitheamh amach starr
Something which projects, protrudes, juts out, sticks out, or stands out.
The action of projecting or throwing or propelling something.

projector /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛktɚ/ projectors n
teilgeoir
An optical device that projects a beam of light, especially one used to project an image (or moving images) onto a screen. [from 19th c.]

prolactin prolactins n
prólachtain
(hormone) A peptide gonadotrophic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland; it stimulates growth of the mammary glands and lactation in females.

prolepsis /pɹoʊˈlɛpsɪs/ prolepses n
réamhthagra
(rhetoric) The anticipation of an objection to an argument.
(grammar, rhetoric) A construction that consists of placing an element in a syntactic unit before that to which it would logically correspond.
(philosophy, epistemology) A so-called "preconception", i.e. a pre-theoretical notion which can lead to true knowledge of the world.

prolific /pɹəˈlɪf.ɪk/ /ˌpɹoʊˈlɪf.ɪk/ more prolific most prolific adj
bisiúil torthúil
Fertile; producing offspring or fruit in abundance — applied to plants producing fruit, animals producing young, etc.
rafar
Similarly producing results or performing deeds in abundance

prolificacy prolificacies n
bisiúlacht
Great fecundity.

promenade concert promenade concerts n
ceolchoirm phromanáid
(music) A concert at which the audience remains standing (originally promenading)

promethium /pɹoʊˈmiːθiəm/ n
próméitiam próiméitiam
A metallic chemical element (symbol Pm) with an atomic number of 61.

prominence /ˈpɹɑ.mɪ.nəns/ /ˈpɹɒ.mɪ.nəns/ prominences n
ardréim
The state of being prominent: widely known or eminent.
starr
A bulge: something that bulges out or is protuberant or projects from a form.

promiscuous /pɹəˈmɪs.kju.əs/ more promiscuous most promiscuous adj
ilchaidreamhach
Having many sexual partners, especially if indiscriminate in choosing said sexual partners.

promise /ˈpɹɑmɪs/ /ˈpɹɒmɪs/ promises n
gealltanas
(countable) an oath or affirmation; a vow

promising /ˈpɹɑmɪsɪŋ/ /ˈpɹɒmɪsɪŋ/ more promising most promising adj
tréitheach
Showing promise, and likely to develop in a desirable fashion.

promontory /ˈpɹɑməntɔɹi/ /ˈpɹɒm.ən.tɹi/ promontories n
léim rinn ros scoth
A high point of land extending into a body of water, headland; cliff.

promote /pɹəˈmoʊt/ /pɹəˈməʊt/ v
ardaigh
(transitive) To raise (someone) to a more important, responsible, or remunerative job or rank.
cuir chun cinn
(transitive) To advocate or urge on behalf of (something or someone); to attempt to popularize or sell by means of advertising or publicity.

promotion /pɹəˈmoʊʃən/ /pɹəˈməʊʃən/ promotions n
ardú ardú céime
An advancement in rank or position.

prompt /pɹɑmpt/ /pɹɒmpt/ more prompt most prompt adj
pras éasca
Quick; acting without delay.

prompt /pɹɑmpt/ /pɹɒmpt/ v
spreag
(transitive) To lead (someone) toward what they should say or do.
(transitive, theater, and, television) To show or tell (an actor/person) the words they should be saying, or actions they should be doing.

prompter prompters n
leideoir
(theater) The person who does the prompting.

promptness /ˈpɹɒmptnəs/ promptnesses n
éascaíocht
The habit or characteristic of doing things without delay.

prong /pɹɑŋ/ /pɹɒŋ/ /pɹɔŋ/ prongs n
beangán
A thin, pointed, projecting part, as of an antler or a fork or similar tool. A tine.
(sometimes, figurative) A branch; a fork.

pronged more pronged most pronged adj
beangánach
(chiefly, in combination) Having (a specified number or type of) prongs

pronghorn pronghorn pronghorns n
biorbheannach
A North American mammal, Antilocapra americana, that resembles an antelope.

pronominal /pɹəʊˈnɒmɪnəl/ more pronominal most pronominal adj
forainmneach
(linguistics, grammar) Of, pertaining to, resembling, or functioning as a pronoun.

pronominal /pɹəʊˈnɒmɪnəl/ pronominals n
forainmneach
(grammar) A phrase that acts as a pronoun.

pronoun /ˈpɹoʊ.naʊn/ /ˈpɹəʊnaʊn/ pronouns n
forainm
(grammar) A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.

pronounce /pɹəˈnaʊns/ v
fuaimnigh
(transitive) To sound out (a word or phrase); to articulate.
(intransitive) To produce the components of speech.

pronunciation /prəˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃn/ /pɹəˌnaʊn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ /pɹəˌnʌn.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ /pɹəˌnʌn.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃʌn/ [pʰɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən] pronunciations n
fuaimniú
(uncountable) The way in which the words of a language are made to sound when speaking.

proof /pɹuf/ /pɹuːf/ /pɹʉːf/ more proof most proof adj
díonmhar
Firm or successful in resisting.

proofread /ˈpɹuːfɹiːd/ /ˈpɹuːfɹɛd/ v
léigh profaí profáil
(transitive, and, intransitive) To check a written text for errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and punctuation.

proofreader proofreaders n
léitheoir profaí
A person who proofreads.

prop /pɹɑp/ /pɹɒp/ /pɹɔp/ props n
gabháil
An object placed against or under another, to support it; anything that supports.
prapa
(theater, film) An item placed on a stage or set to create a scene or scenario in which actors perform.

propaedeutic /ˌpɹoʊpiːˈdjuːtɪk/ /ˌpɹɑpəˈduːtik/ propaedeutics n
réamheolaíocht
An introductory course of instruction.

propaganda /ˌpɹɒpəˈɡændə/ [ˌpɹɑp.əˈɡɛə̯n.də] [ˌpɹɒp.əˈɡæn.də] [ˌpɹɔp.əˈɡan.də] propagandas n
bolscaireacht
(as a neutral word, _, dated) Agitation, publicity, public communication aimed at influencing an audience and furthering an agenda.

propagandist /pɹɒpəˈɡandɪst/ propagandists n
bolscaire
A person who disseminates propaganda. [from 18th c.]

propagate /ˈpɹɑpəˌɡeɪt/ /ˈpɹɒpəˌɡeɪt/ v
póraigh síolraigh
(transitive) To spread from person to person; to extend the knowledge of; to originate and spread; to carry from place to place; to disseminate.
síolraigh
(biology, intransitive) To produce young; to be produced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or plants.

proper noun proper nouns n
ainmfhocal dílis
(grammar) A word or phrase that is a noun denoting a particular person, place, organization, ship, animal, event, or other individual entity.

property /ˈpɹɑ.pɚ.ti/ /ˈpɹɒp.ə.ti/ [ˈpɹɑ.pɚ.ɾi] properties n
maoin sealúchas seilbh
Something that is owned.
réadmhaoin seilbh
A piece of real estate, such as a parcel of land.
maoin seilbh
The exclusive right of possessing, enjoying and disposing of a thing.
dílseacht
An attribute or abstract quality associated with an individual, object or concept.

property tax property taxes n
cáin mhaoine
A tax, usually ad valorem, charged on the basis of the fair market value of property. The scope of taxable property varies by jurisdiction and it may include personal property in addition to real estate.

prophecy /ˈpɹɑfɪ̈si/ /ˈpɹɒfɨsi/ prophecies n
fáistine tairngreacht
A prediction, especially one made by a prophet or under divine inspiration.

prophesy /ˈpɹɑfɪsaɪ/ /ˈpɹɒfɪsaɪ/ v
tairngir tuar
To foreshow; to herald; to prefigure.

prophet /ˈpɹɑ.fɪt/ /ˈpɹɒf.ɪt/ prophetess prophets n
fáidh
Someone who speaks by divine inspiration.
fáidh fáistineach
Someone who predicts the future; a soothsayer.

prophetess /pɹɒfɪˈtɛs/ prophet prophetesses n
banfháidh fáidhbhean
A female prophet.

prophetic /pɹəˈfɛtɪk/ adj
fáidhiúil tairngeartach
Of, or relating to a prophecy or a prophet.

prophylactic /pɹɒfəˈlæktɪk/ more prophylactic most prophylactic adj
próifiolacsach urchoscach

prophylactic /pɹɒfəˈlæktɪk/ prophylactics n
urchosc
A medicine which preserves or defends against disease; a preventive.

prophylaxis /pɹɔfɪˈlæksɪs/ prophylaxes n
urchoscacht
(medicine) Prevention of, or protective treatment for, disease.

propolis /ˈpɹɑ.pə.lɪs/ /ˈpɹɒ.pə.lɪs/ n
gliú beach
An aromatic glue-like substance produced by honeybees from tree resin, waxes, and their own secretions, used in the construction of their hives.

proportion /pɹəˈpo(ː)ɹʃən/ /pɹəˈpoəʃən/ /pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/ /pɹəˈpɔːʃən/ proportions n
comhréir
(countable) A quantity of something that is part of the whole amount or number.

proportional more proportional most proportional adj
cionmhar comhréireach
(mathematics) At a constant ratio (to). Two magnitudes (numbers) are said to be proportional if the second varies in a direct relation arithmetically to the first. Symbol: ∝.

proportional representation n
ionadaíocht chionmhar
A voting principle aimed at securing a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (usually political parties) obtain in elections, and the percentage of seats they receive in the elected body.

proprietor /pɹəˈpɹaɪətɚ/ proprietors proprietress n
úinéir
An owner.

propyl propyls n
próipil
(organic chemistry) Either of two isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, C3H7, formally derived from propane by the loss of a hydrogen atom. [from 1850]

proscribe /pɹəˈskɹaɪb/ /ˈpɹoʊˌskɹaɪb/ /ˈpɹəʊˌskɹaɪb/ v
coisc
(transitive) To forbid or prohibit.

prosody /ˈpɹoʊzədi/ /ˈpɹɑsədi/ /ˈpɹɑzədi/ /ˈpɹɒsədi/ /ˈpɹɒzədi/ /ˈpɹəʊzədi/ prosodies n
prosóid
(linguistics) The study of rhythm, intonation, stress, and related attributes in speech.
(poetry) The study of poetic meter; the patterns of sounds and rhythms in verse.

prospector /pɹəˈspɛktə/ /ˈpɹɑsˌpɛktɚ/ prospectors n
sirtheoir
A person who explores or prospects an area in search of mineral deposits, such as gold.

prosperity /pɹɑˈspɛɹ.ɪ.ti/ /pɹɒˈspɛɹ.ɪ.ti/ prosperities n
rath
The condition of being prosperous, of having good fortune

prosperous /ˈpɹɑs.pə.ɹəs/ /ˈpɹɒs.p(ə.)ɹəs/ more prosperous most prosperous adj
rafar
Characterized by success.

prostate /ˈpɹɒs.teɪt/ /ˈpɹɔs.teɪt/ prostates n
próstatach
The prostate gland. [from 1646]

prostitute /ˈpɹɑːstətuːt/ /ˈpɹɒstɪtjuːt/ /ˈpɹɒstɪtʃuːt/ prostitutes n
bean sráide striapach bean choiteann eachlach meirdreach
A person who does, or offers to do, a demeaning or dishonourable activity for money or personal gain; someone who acts in a dishonourable way for personal advantage. [from 17th c.]

protactinium /ˌpɹoʊ.tækˈtɪn.i.əm/ /ˌpɹəʊ.tækˈtɪn.i.əm/ n
prótachtainiam
A chemical element (symbol Pa) with atomic number 91: a dense, silvery-gray actinide metal.

protandrous adj
luathfhireannach

protease /ˈpɹəʊtɪeɪz/ proteases n
próitéáis
(enzyme) An enzyme that cuts or cleaves proteins.

protect /pɹəˈtɛkt/ v
caomhnaigh cosain ainic
(ambitransitive) To keep safe; to defend; to guard; to prevent harm coming to.

protection /pɹəˈtɛkʃən/ protections n
cosaint anacal cumhdach
The process of keeping (something or someone) safe.

protectionism /pɹəˈtɛkʃənɪzəm/ protectionisms n
cosantachas
(politics, economics) A system or policy of protecting the domestic producers of a product from foreign competition by imposing tariffs, quotas, duties or other barriers on importations.

protective /pɹoʊˈtɛk.tɪv/ /pɹəˈtek.tɪv/ /pɹəˈtɛk.tɪv/ more protective most protective adj
díonmhar fálach
Serving or intended to protect.

protector /pɹəˈtɛktə/ /pɹəˈtɛktɚ/ protectors protectress protectrix n
cosantóir
Someone who protects or guards, by assignment or on their own initiative.

protectress /pɹəˈtɛktɹɪs/ protectresses n
banchosantóir
A female protector.

protein /ˈpɹoʊ.tiːn/ /ˈpɹoʊ.ɾi.ɪn/ /ˈpɹəʊ.ti.ɪn/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tiːn/ proteins n
próitéin
(biochemistry, countable) Any of numerous large, complex naturally-produced molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids, in which the amino acid groups are held together by peptide bonds.

protest /pɹəˈtɛst/ /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tɛst/ protests n
agóid
A formal objection, especially one by a group.

protest /pɹəˈtɛst/ /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tɛst/ v
agóid
(intransitive) To make a strong objection.
áitigh
To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation; to appeal to.

protester /pɹəˈtɛstəɹ/ /ˈpɹoʊtɛstəɹ/ protesters n
agóideoir agóidí clamhsánaí gearánaí
(legal) One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.

protist /ˈproʊtɪst/ protists n
prótaisteach
(microbiology) Any of the eukaryotic unicellular organisms—including protozoans, slime molds and some algae—historically grouped into the kingdom Protista (or Protoctista), now distributed over several clades.

protistic adj
prótaisteach
Of or pertaining to protists.

protocanonical adj
prótacanónta
Describing the first (authorized) canon of books of scripture.

protogynous adj
luathbhaineannach

proton /ˈpɹoʊ.tɑn/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tɒn/ protons n
prótón
(particle) A positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark.

protoplanet protoplanets n
prótapláinéad
An astronomical object, approximately the size of the Moon, formed from the mutual gravitational attraction of planetesimals; they are thought to collide with each other and slowly form planets

protoplasm protoplasms n
prótaplasma réamhdhamhna
(cytology) The entire contents of a cell comprising the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is a semi-fluid, transparent substance which is the living matter of plant and animal cells.

protoplast /ˈpɹoʊ.təˌplæst/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tə(ʊ)ˌplast/ protoplasts n
prótaplast
(biology) The contents of a plant cell. [from 19th c.]

protostar /ˈpɹoʊtoʊˌtaɪp/ /ˈpɹoʊtəˌtaɪp/ /ˈpɹəʊtə(ʊ)stɑː/ protostars n
prótairéalta
(star) A collection of gas and dust in space with high temperature that usually grows to the point of beginning nuclear fusion and becoming a star.

prototroph prototrophs n
prótatrófach
(biology) Any microorganism that can synthesize its nutrients from inorganic material

prototrophic more prototrophic most prototrophic adj
prótatrófach
(biology) Of or pertaining to a prototroph or to prototrophy.

protozoan /ˌpɹoʊ.təˈzoʊ.ən/ /ˌpɹəʊ.təˈzəʊ.ən/ adj
prótasónach
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a protozoan.

protozoan /ˌpɹoʊ.təˈzoʊ.ən/ /ˌpɹəʊ.təˈzəʊ.ən/ protozoa protozoans n
prótasón
(cytology) Any of the diverse group of eukaryotes, of the phylum Protozoa, that are primarily unicellular, existing singly or aggregating into colonies, are usually nonphotosynthetic, and are often classified further into phyla according to their capacity for and means of motility, as by pseudopods, flagella, or cilia.

protozoic adj
prótasóch
Of or relating to the protozoa.

protractor /pɹəˈtɹæktə(ɹ)/ protractors n
uillinntomhais
A circular or semicircular tool for drawing or measuring angles.

protrusion /pɹəˈtɹuːʒən/ protrusions n
starr
(countable) Anything that protrudes.

protuberance /pɹoʊˈtuːbəɹəns/ /pɹəʊˈtjuːbəɹəns/ protuberances n
boiric breall cnap cíoch fadharcán meall
A bulge, knob, swelling, spine, or anything that protrudes.

protuberant more protuberant most protuberant adj
fadharcánach
Swelling or bulging outward.

proud /pɹaʊd/ more proud most proud prouder proudest adj
bródúil mórtasach mórálach
Feeling honoured (by something); feeling happy or satisfied about an event or fact; gratified.
anumhal
Possessed of a due sense of what one deserves or is worth.
mórchúiseach postúil sotalach uaibhreach
(chiefly, biblical) Having too high an opinion of oneself; arrogant, supercilious.

proud flesh n
ainfheoil
(pathology) Hypertrophic scarring; excessive granulation tissue formed in a wound.

proven /ˈpɹoːvən/ /ˈpɹuvən/ /ˈpɹuːvən/ /ˈpɹəʊvən/ more proven most proven adj
dearfa
Having been proved; having proved its value or truth.

provenance /ˈpɹoʊ.və.nɑns/ /ˈpɹɑ.və.nəns/ /ˈpɹɒ.və.nəns/ /ˈpɹɒ.və.ˌnɒns/ provenances n
bunáitíocht
foinse stair
Place or source of origin.
stair shaoil stair úinéireachta
(arts) The history of ownership of a work of art.

proverb /ˈpɹɑvɝb/ /ˈpɹɒvɜːb/ proverbs n
seanfhocal
(obsolete) A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma; a parable.
(obsolete) A drama exemplifying a proverb.

providence /ˈpɹɒvɪdəns/ providences n
fadcheann
Specifically, the prudent care and management of resources; thriftiness, frugality. [from 17th c.]

province /ˈpɹɑv.ɪns/ /ˈpɹɒv.ɪns/ provinces n
cúige proibhinse
A region of the earth or of a continent; a district or country. [from 14th c.]

provision /pɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/ provisions n
lón
An item of goods or supplies, especially food, obtained for future use.
oirchill
The act of providing, or making previous preparation.

provisional /pɹəˈvɪʒənəl/ adj
sealadach
Temporary, but with the intention of eventually becoming permanent or being replaced by a permanent equivalent.

provocation /ˌpɹɑvəˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌpɹɒvəˈkeɪʃən/ provocations n
gríosú saighdeadh
The act of provoking, inciting or annoying someone into doing something

prowess /ˈpɹaʊəs/ /ˈpɹaʊɪs/ prowesses n
calmacht
(uncountable) Distinguished bravery or courage, especially in battle; heroism.

proximal /ˈpɹɒksɪməl/ more proximal most proximal adj
neasach
(anatomy, geology) Closer to the point of attachment or observation.

prudence /ˈpɹuːdəns/ prudences n
críonnacht
The quality or state of being prudent

prudent /ˈpɹuːdənt/ more prudent most prudent adj
críonna

prune /pɹun/ /pɹuːn/ /pɹɪu̯n/ /pɹʉːn/ v
prúna
(intransitive, informal) To become wrinkled like a dried plum, as the fingers and toes do when kept submerged in water.
meang sciot
(transitive, horticulture) To remove excess material from a tree or shrub; to trim, especially to make more healthy or productive.

prussic adj
prúiseach

prussic acid n
aigéad prúiseach
(chemistry, obsolete) Hydrocyanic acid.

psalm /sæm/ /sɑlm/ /sɑm/ /sɑːm/ /sɔlm/ /sɔm/ psalms n
salm
(religion, music) A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God.
One of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship.

psalter /ˈsɒltə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɔːltə(ɹ)/ psalters n
saltair

pseudepigrapha /ˌs(j)uː.dəˈpɪ.ɡɹə.fə/ /ˌsuː.dəˈpɪ.ɡɹə.fə/ n
bréageipeagrafa
Writings falsely ascribed to famous persons (historical or mythical) to lend them greater legitimacy, typically composed many centuries after the ostensible author's death.

pseudo- /ˈs(j)uːdəʊ/ /ˈsuːdoʊ/ prefix
bréag-
False, not genuine, fake

pseudocubic adj
bréagchiúbach
(geometry) describing a rhombohedral structure that is almost cubic

pseudoephedrine /sjuː.dəʊˈɛf.ə.dɹiːn/ /su.doʊ.ɪˈfɛ.dɹɪn/ pseudoephedrines n
súideifidrín
(pharmaceutical drug) A sympathomimetic alkaloid commonly used as a decongestant; a chemical compound, an isomer of ephedrine, with the formula C10H15NO.

pseudofossil pseudofossils n
bréagiontaise
Any object, marking or impression that resembles a fossil but whose origin is non-biological.

pseudohexagonal adj
bréag-heicseagánach
being or pertaining to a pseudohexagon

pseudohistorical more pseudohistorical most pseudohistorical adj
bréagstairiúil
Of or pertaining to pseudohistory.

pseudohistory pseudohistories n
bréagstair
(pejorative) Any work claiming to be a historical account without using established historiographical methods, especially one using personal speculation or questionable evidence without necessary care or concern for the truth.

pseudohypertrophic adj
bréag-hipeartrófach
(medicine) Falsely hypertrophic.

pseudomalachite pseudomalachites n
bréagmhalaicít
(mineral) A mineral containing copper, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus.

pseudomorph pseudomorphs n
bréagmhorf
(geology, mineralogy) A mineral that formed by replacement of an existing mineral (or organic matter) such that the new mineral has the appearance and dimensions of the original.

pseudomorphism pseudomorphisms n
bréagmhorfacht
(crystallography) The state of having, or the property of taking, a crystalline form unlike that of the species.

pseudonym /ˈs(j)uː.də(ʊ).nɪm/ /ˈsu.doʊ.nɪm/ /ˈsu.də.nɪm/ pseudonyms n
ainm bréige ainm cleite
A fictitious name (more literally, a false name), as those used by writers and movie stars.

pseudopod /ˈsuː.də(ʊ)ˌpɒd/ /ˈsuː.dəˌpɑd/ pseudopodia pseudopods n
bréagphóidiam
(cytology) A temporary projection of the cytoplasm of certain cells, such as phagocytes, or of certain unicellular organisms, such as amoebas, that serves in locomotion. [from 19th c.]
(by extension) An extension or projection from something. [from 20th c.]

pseudoscalar pseudoscalars n
súdascálach
(physics) A quantity that behaves like a scalar, but changes sign under a parity inversion

pseudotachylite pseudotachylites n
bréagthacailít
(mineral) A dark, glassy rock generated by frictional heat within faults

psi /psaɪ/ /saɪ/ psis n
sí
(countable) The twenty-third letter of Classical and Modern Greek and the twenty-fifth letter of Old and Ancient Greek.

psychiatrist /ˌsaɪˈkaɪ.ə.tɹɪst/ psychiatrists n
síciatraí
(medicine) A medical doctor specializing in psychiatry.

psychiatry /saɪˈkaɪ.əˌtɹi/ psychiatries n
síciatracht
(medicine) The branch of medicine that focuses on mental and behavioral health by subjectively diagnosing, treating, or preventing mental disorders (mental illnesses) and behavioural conditions.

psychoanalyst psychoanalysts n
síocanailísí
A practitioner of psychoanalysis.

psychodynamic adj
sícidinimiciúil
Of or pertaining to psychodynamics, the dynamic interplay between forces that govern human behavior, or the study of this

psychodynamics n
sícidinimic
The dynamic interplay between forces that govern human behaviour.

psychogenic /ˌsʌɪkɒ(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ adj
sícigineach
(psychiatry) Originating from or caused by state of mind; having a psychological rather than a physiological cause.

psychologic /ˌsaɪkəˈlɑd͡ʒɪk/ adj
síceolaíoch
Of or pertaining to psychology.

psychological /ˌsaɪkəˈlɑːd͡ʒɪkl̩/ /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/ adj
síceolaíoch
Of or pertaining to psychology.
Relating to the mind and behavior or to the mental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics pertaining to a specified person, group, or activity.

psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ psychologists n
síceolaí aigneolaí
An expert in the field of psychology.

psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /saɪˈkɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/ /sɑɪˈkɔl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/ psychologies n
síceolaíocht aigneolaíocht
(uncountable) The study of the human mind.

psychometrics n
síciméadracht
(psychology) The design of psychological tests to measure intelligence, aptitude and personality; and the analysis and interpretation of their results.

psychometry psychometries n
síciméadracht
(psychology) The use of psychological tests to measure intelligence, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits.

psychopath /ˈsaɪkoʊˌpæθ/ /ˈsaɪkəˌpæθ/ psychopaths n
síceapatach
A person with a personality disorder indicated by a pattern of lying, cunning, manipulating, glibness, exploiting, heedlessness, arrogance, delusions of grandeur, carelessness, low self-control, disregard for morality, lack of acceptance of responsibility, callousness, and lack of empathy and remorse. Such a person may be especially prone to violent and criminal offenses.
(figurative) A person with no moral conscience.
(figurative) A person who perpetrates especially gruesome or bizarre violent acts.
A person diagnosed with antisocial or dissocial personality disorder.

psychopathic /ˈsaɪkoʊˌpæθɪk/ /ˈsaɪkəˈpæθɪk/ more psychopathic most psychopathic adj
síceapatach
Exhibiting the behaviors and personality traits of a psychopath.

psychopathy /saɪˈkɑpəθi/ /saɪˈkɒpəθi/ psychopathies n
síceapaite
A personality disorder characterized by impaired empathy and remorse, and bold, disinhibited, and egocentric traits masked by superficial charm and the outward presence of apparent normality. Violent and criminal offenses may be indicative of this disorder.

psychophysics n
sícifiseolaíocht sícifisic
(psychology) The branch of psychology concerned with the effects of physical stimuli on mental processes.

psychosis /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/ /saɪˈkəʊsɪs/ psychoses n
síocóis
(psychology) A severe mental disorder, sometimes with physical damage to the brain, marked by a deranged personality and a distorted view of reality.

psychosocial /ˌsaɪ̯.koʊ̯ˈsoʊ̯.ʃəl/ /ˌsaɪ̯.kəʊ̯ˈsəʊ̯.ʃəl/ adj
síceasóisialta
(of behaviour) Having both psychological and social aspects.

psychotherapy /ˌsaɪkoʊˈθɛɹəpi/ psychotherapies n
síciteiripe
The treatment of people diagnosed with mental and emotional disorders using dialogue and a variety of psychological techniques.

psychrometrics n
sícriméadracht
(meteorology, thermodynamics) The measurement or study of the physical and thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere and its water vapour.

psychrotrophic /ˌsaɪkɹəˈtɹəʊfɪk/ more psychrotrophic most psychrotrophic adj
sícreatrófach
(biology) Describing microorganisms that thrive in a cold environment.

ptarmigan /ˈtɑːmɪɡən/ ptarmigan ptarmigans n
tarmachan
Any of three species of small grouse in the genus Lagopus found in subarctic tundra areas of North America and Eurasia.

ptomaine /ˈtoʊmeɪn/ /ˈtəʊmeɪn/ ptomaines n
tóimín
(chemistry) Any of various amines formed by putrefactive bacteria.

pub /pʊb/ /pʌb/ pubs n
teach tábhairne teach óil
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa) A public house where beverages, primarily alcoholic, may be bought and consumed, also providing food and sometimes entertainment such as live music or television.

pubic /ˈpjuːbɪk/ adj
púbasach
Of, or relating to the area of the body adjacent to the pubis or the pubes.

pubic hair pubic hairs n
bruis caithir stothóg
(collectively) The hair that grows in the pubic region from puberty.
ribe caithre
(in the singular) A single hair growing in the pubic region.

pubis /ˈpju.bɪs/ pubes n
cnámh phúbasach púbas
the pubic bone; the part of the hipbone forming the front arch of the pelvis

public /ˈpʊblɪk/ /ˈpʌblɪk/ more public most public adj
poiblí
Open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it; especially, provided by national or local authorities and supported by money from taxes. [from 15th c.]
Pertaining to the people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people; concerning the whole community or country. [from 15th c.]
Officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community, rather than by a private organization. [from 15th c.]

public /ˈpʊblɪk/ /ˈpʌblɪk/ publics n
daoine pobal
(countable, uncountable) Chiefly preceded by the: members of the community or the people in general, regardless of membership of any particular group.

public domain /ˌpʌblɪk doʊˈmeɪn/ /ˌpʌblɪk də(ʊ)ˈmeɪn/ n
an fearann poiblí
(specifically, law) The realm of intellectual property which is not or no longer protected by copyrights or patents, and thus over which no person can establish a proprietary interest.

public service public services n
seirbhís phoiblí
(countable) A service such as health care, transport, or waste removal provided to the general public, often by the government.

public speaking public speakings n
óráidíocht óráidíocht phoiblí
act of speaking to a group of people in a structured manner

public transport public transports n
iompar poiblí
(UK, AU, NZ) Any form of transport that can be used by a member of public (who usually pays a fare); as opposed to private ownership of e.g. cars.

publican /ˈpʌblək(ə)n/ /ˈpʌblɪk(ə)n/ publicans n
tábhairneoir óstóir
(chiefly, Britain) The landlord (manager or owner) of a public house.

publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ publications n
foilsitheoireacht foilsiú
The act of publishing printed or other matter.
foilseachán
An issue of printed or other matter, offered for sale or distribution.
foilsiú
The communication of information to the general public etc.

publicity publicities n
bolscaireacht
Advertising or other activity designed to rouse public interest in something.

publicly /ˈpʌblɪkli/ more publicly most publicly adv
os ard
In public, openly, in an open and public manner.

publish /ˈpʊblɪʃ/ /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ v
foilsigh
(transitive) To issue (something, such as printed work) for distribution and/or sale.

puce /pjuːs/ /ˈpjʉs/ pucer pucest adj
ruachorcra
Of a brownish-purple color, sometimes more or less deep red or grayish.

pucker /ˈpʌkə(ɹ)/ puckers n
furca
A fold or wrinkle.

puckout puckouts n
poc cúil
(hurling) A free hit by the goalkeeper after the sliotar has gone behind the goal.

pudding /ˈpʊd.ɪŋ/ puddings n
maróg milseán
Any of various dishes, sweet or savoury, prepared by boiling or steaming, or from batter.
milseán
A type of cake or dessert cooked usually by boiling or steaming.
maróg
(originally) A sausage made primarily from blood.

puddle /ˈpʌdəl/ puddles n
lathach
A homogeneous mixture of clay, water, and sometimes grit, used to line a canal or pond to make it watertight. [from 18th c.]

puff pastry puff pastries n
puth-thaosrán
A light, flaky pastry that is made of alternating buttery and floury dough layers by repeatedly folding the rolled pastry into many layers.

puffball puffballs n
bolg béice bolgán béice béiceadán
Any of various fungi that produce a cloud of brown dust-like spores from their mature fruiting bodies.

puffball skirt puffball skirts n
sciorta bolgach
A skirt whose hemline curves inwards and upwards, somewhat resembling a puffball mushroom.

puffin /ˈpʌfɪn/ puffins n
puifín fuipín
The Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) or (by extension) any of the other various small seabirds of the genera Fratercula and Lunda that are black and white with a brightly-coloured beak. [from 17th c.]

pug /pʌɡ/ pugs n
smutmhadra
In full pug dog: a small dog of an ancient breed originating in China, having a snub nose, wrinkled face, squarish body, short smooth hair, and curled tail. [from 18th c.]

pug-nosed more pug-nosed most pug-nosed adj
smutach
Having a pug nose; with a short nose which is flattened and whose tip is turned up.

pugilist /ˈpju(ː).d͡ʒəlɪst/ /ˈpjuː.d͡ʒəlɪst/ pugilists n
bacsálaí dornálaí
One who fights with their fists, especially a professional prize fighter; a boxer. [from 1790]

pugnacious /pʌɡˈneɪ.ʃəs/ more pugnacious most pugnacious adj
trodach
Naturally aggressive or hostile; combative; belligerent; bellicose.

puli /ˈpuːli/ pulik pulis n
púilí Ungárach
One of a breed of Hungarian sheepdog with a distinctive thick, corded coat.

pull up v
tarraing suas
(transitive, intransitive) To lift upwards or vertically.

pulley /ˈpʊli/ pulleys pullies n
ulóg puilín
(engineering, countable) One of the simple machines; a sheave, a wheel with a grooved rim, in which a pulled rope or chain lifts an object (more useful when two or more pulleys are used together, as in a block and tackle arrangement, such that a small force moving through a greater distance can exert a larger force through a smaller distance).

pulmonary adj
scamhógach
(anatomy) Pertaining to, having, or affecting the lungs.

pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries n
artaire scamhógach
(anatomy) The artery that connects the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.

pulmonary embolism pulmonary embolisms n
eambólacht scamhóige
(pathology) The embolism or obstruction of a pulmonary artery, usually by a detached blood clot from a leg or pelvic vein, which causes a stoppage of blood into the lungs; symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, fainting, and sometimes death.

pulmonary tuberculosis n
eitinn scamhóige
(pathology) The most common form of active tuberculosis (TB) infecting the lungs, generally caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

pulmonary vein pulmonary veins n
féith scamhógach
(anatomy) In tetrapods, a vein that returns blood to the heart after it has circulated through the lungs.

pulp /pʊlp/ /pʌlp/ pulps n
garr
A soft, moist, shapeless mass or matter.
laíon páipéir
A mass of chemically processed wood fibres (cellulose).

pulpit /ˈpʊlpɪt/ /ˈpʌlpɪt/ pulpits n
crannóg puilpid
A raised platform in a church, usually enclosed, where the minister or preacher stands when giving the sermon.

pulsar pulsars n
pulsár
(astronomy) A rotating neutron star that emits radio pulses periodically.

pulsate /pʌlˈseɪt/ /ˈpʌl.seɪt/ v
frithbhuail
To expand and contract rhythmically; to throb or to beat.

pulse /pʊls/ /pʌls/ [pəls] pulses n
cuisle
A normally regular beat felt when arteries near the skin (for example, at the neck or wrist) are depressed, caused by the heart pumping blood through them.

pulverise v
púdraigh múr
(intransitive) To become reduced to powder; to fall to dust.

pumice /ˈpʌm.ɪs/ pumices n
slíogart
A light, porous type of pyroclastic igneous rock, formed during explosive volcanic eruptions when liquid lava is ejected into water or air as a froth containing masses of gas bubbles, which are frozen into the rock as the lava solidifies.

pump /pʌmp/ pumps n
pumpa
A device for moving or compressing a liquid or gas.

pump /pʌmp/ v
taosc
(transitive, intransitive) To use a pump; to move (water or other liquid) by means of a pump. [from 16th c.]

pumpkin /ˈpʌm(p).kɪn/ pumpkins n
puimcín
The round yellow or orange fruit of this plant.
(uncountable) The color of the fruit of the pumpkin plant.

pun /pʊn/ /pʌn/ puns n
imeartas focal
A joke or type of wordplay in which similar definitions or sounds of two words or phrases, or different definitions of the same word, are deliberately confused.

punch /pʌnt͡ʃ/ /pʌnʃ/ punches n
buille buille de dhorn dorn
(countable) A hit or strike with one's fist.
pollaire pritil
(countable) A device, generally slender and round, used for creating holes in thin material, for driving an object through a hole in a containing object, or to stamp or emboss a mark or design on a surface.
puins
A beverage, generally containing a mixture of fruit juice and some other beverage, often alcoholic.
anam beocht brí spleodar spreacadh
(uncountable) Power, strength, energy.

punch /pʌnt͡ʃ/ /pʌnʃ/ v
buille a thabhairt do dorn a bhualadh ar
(transitive) To strike with one's fist.
poll poll a chur i puinseáil toll
To employ a punch to create a hole in or stamp or emboss a mark on something.
brúigh buail
(transitive) To operate (a device or system) by depressing a button, key, bar, or pedal, or by similar means.
poll poll a chur i toll
(transitive) To emphasize, to give emphasis to something.

punch card punch cards n
tollchárta
A card that can have holes or notches cut in it, especially one for storing data, that can be sorted according to combinations of holes present or absent.

punctual /ˈpʌŋktjʊəl/ /ˈpʌŋkt͡ʃuəl/ /ˈpʌŋtjʊəl/ /ˈpʌŋt͡ʃuəl/ more punctual most punctual adj
pointeáilte poncúil
Prompt; on time.

punctuation /pʌŋk.t͡ʃuˈeɪ.ʃən/ punctuations n
poncaíocht
A set of symbols and marks which are used to clarify meaning in text by separating strings of words into clauses, phrases and sentences; examples include commas, hyphens, and stops (periods).

pungent /ˈpʌnd͡ʒənt/ more pungent most pungent adj
borb
Having a strong taste that stings the tongue; said especially of hot (spicy) food, which has a strong and sharp or bitter taste.

punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v
aifir cuir pionós ar pionósaigh
(transitive) To cause to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action.

punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ punishments n
pionós
A penalty to punish wrongdoing, especially for crime.

punt /pʌnt/ punts n
leastar puint punta
(nautical) A pontoon; a narrow shallow boat propelled by a pole.
cic lasc
(rugby, American football, soccer) A kick made by a player who drops the ball and kicks it before it hits the ground.
log
An indentation in the base of a wine bottle.

puny /ˈpjuni/ /ˈpjuːni/ punier puniest adj
aimlithe
Of inferior significance, size, or strength; ineffective, small, weak. [from 16th c.]

pupil /ˈpjuːpəl/ pupils n
dalta fealmhac fochlac scológ
(dated, _, except in, _, UK) A learner at a school under the supervision of a teacher.
mac imrisc
(anatomy) The hole in the middle of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to be focused on the retina.

pupilage pupilages n
daltachas
The condition of being a pupil.

puppet /ˈpʌpɪt/ v
puipéad
(transitive, also, figuratively) To control or manipulate like a puppet.

puppy /ˈpʌpi/ [ˈpʰɐpi] puppies n
coileáinín
A young dog, especially before sexual maturity (12–18 months)

purblind /ˈpɜːblaɪnd/ /ˈpɝblaɪnd/ more purblind most purblind adj
caoch
Of a person: having impaired vision; partially blind; dim-sighted.

purchase /ˈpɜː(ɹ).t͡ʃəs/ /ˈpɝ.t͡ʃəs/ purchases n
ceannach
(obsolete) The act or process of seeking and obtaining something (e.g. property, etc.)

pure as the driven snow adj
chomh glan leis an sneachta
(simile) Extremely pure; totally pure (typically "pure" in the sense of "virtuous").

purebred more purebred most purebred adj
pórghlan
Having genuine parents of the same breed, usually of an animal.

purge /pɜːd͡ʒ/ /pɝd͡ʒ/ v
folmhaigh
(transitive, intransitive, medicine) To void or evacuate (the bowels or the stomach); to defecate or vomit.

purify /ˈpjɔːɹɪfaɪ/ /ˈpjɝɪfaɪ/ /ˈpjʊəɹɪfaɪ/ /ˈpjʊɹɪfaɪ/ v
íonaigh íonghlan
(transitive) To cleanse, or rid of impurities.

purity /ˈpjɔːɹɪti/ /ˈpjɝɪti/ /ˈpjʊəɹɪti/ /ˈpjʊɹɪti/ purities n
gile glaine
The state or degree of being pure.

purl /pɜːl/ /pɝl/ [pʰəːɫ] [pʰɝɫ] purls n
lúb iompaithe
A particular stitch in knitting in which the working yarn is pulled through an existing stitch from front to back.

purlin [ˈpɜːɹlɪn] purlins n
taobhán
A longitudinal structural member bridging two or more rafters of a roof.

purple /ˈpɜː(ɹ).pəl/ /ˈpɝ.pəl/ more purple most purple purpler purplest adj
corcra purpair
Of a purple hue.
(US politics) Not predominantly red or blue, but having a mixture of Democrat and Republican support.
(in Netherlands and Belgium) Mixed between social democrats and liberals.
Imperial; regal.
Blood-red; bloody.
(of language) Extravagantly ornate, like purple prose.
(motor racing, of a sector, lap, etc.) Completed in the fastest time so far in a given session.

purple /ˈpɜː(ɹ).pəl/ /ˈpɝ.pəl/ purples n
corcairghorm purpair
(colour theory) Any non-spectral colour on the line of purples on a colour chromaticity diagram or a colour wheel between violet and red.

purple sandpiper purple sandpipers n
gobadán cosbhuí
A type of sandpiper, Calidris maritima.

purplish more purplish most purplish adj
scothchorcra
Somewhat purple in colour/color.

purport /pəˈpɔːt/ /pɚˈpɔɹt/ /ˈpɚpɔɹt/ /ˈpɜːpɔːt/ /ˈpɜːpət/ v
airbheartaigh

purportedly /pə(ɹ)ˈpɔː(ɹ).təd.li/ adv
de réir cosúlachta de réir dealraimh
As appears to be true or is stated or accepted to be (though might not be so).

purpose /ˈpɜ.poʊs/ /ˈpɜ.pəs/ /ˈpɜːpəs/ /ˈpɝpəs/ purposes n
aidhm
cuspóir
The end for which something is done, is made or exists.

purposelessness n
fánaíocht
The state of being purposeless.

purr /pɜː(ɹ)/ purrs n
crónán
The vibrating sound made by a cat in its throat when contented.

purr /pɜː(ɹ)/ v
bí ag crónán
(intransitive, of a cat) To make a vibrating sound in its throat when contented.

purse /pɜːs/ /pɝs/ purses n
mála sparán
(US) A handbag (small bag usually used by women for carrying various small personal items)

purse /pɜːs/ /pɝs/ v
crap
(transitive) To press (one's lips) in and together so that they protrude.

purseweb spider purseweb spiders n
damhán alla peaslín
any of several spiders, of the family Atypidae, that builds a silken tube close to the ground.

pursuit /-sɪu̯t/ /-ʃuːt/ /pə(ɹ)-/ /pə(ɹ)ˈsjuːt/ /pəɹ-/ /pəˈsʉːt/ /pəˈʃʉːt/ /pɜː(ɹ)-/ /pɜː(ɹ)ˈsɪu̯t/ /pɜːɹˈs(j)uːt/ /pɜːɹˈsuːt/ pursuits n
tóir
The act of pursuing.

purulent /ˈpjʊəɹ(j)ʊlənt/ /ˈpjʊəɹələnt/ more purulent most purulent adj
angaíoch angúil
(medicine) Consisting of pus.

pus /pʌs/ n
angadh braon
(medicine, pathology) A whitish-yellow or yellow substance composed primarily of dead white blood cells and deadpyogenic bacteria, normally found in regions of bacterial infection.

push the envelope /-ˈɑn-/ /-ˈɒnv(ə)ləʊp/ /ˌpʊʃ ði ˈɛnvəˌloʊp/ /ˌpʊʃ ðiː ˈɛnvələʊp/ v
iomairí nua a threabhadh
(intransitive, idiomatic, originally, aeronautics) To go beyond established limits; to pioneer. [from mid 20th c.]

pushing up daisies adj
bheith ag iompar na bhfód
(euphemistic, or, humorous) Dead.

pushy /ˈpʊʃ.i/ pushier pushiest adj
teanntásach treallúsach
Overly assertive, bold, or determined; aggressively ambitious.

pussy /ˈpʊsi/ pussies n
caitín meatachán puisín suarachán
(informal, affectionate) A cat. [from 17th c.]
pit faighin
(vulgar, colloquial) The female genitalia; the vulva or vagina. [from 17th c.]
caitín puisín
(vulgar, humorous, internet slang) A notional part of the body used during exertion of effort; usually in the form put one's whole pussy into. Also used in blends to form deliberately grotesque and unwieldy words referring to this. See -ussy.

pussy-cat pussy-cats n
puisín
(informal, affectionate) A pet domestic cat; a pussy.

pustule /ˈpʌstjuːl/ /ˈpʌst͡ʃuːl/ /ˈpʌst͡ʃəl/ pustules n
goirín puchóid
(dermatology) A small accumulation of pus in the epidermis or dermis.

put /pʉt/ /pʊt/ [pʰʊʔt] v
cuir
To place something somewhere.

put all one's eggs in one basket v
bheith ag brath ar rud amháin
To rely on a single source (as of income), rather than diversifying.

put away v
cuir i dtaisce
(transitive) To store, add to one's stores for later use.

put back v
aischuir
(transitive) To return something to its original place.

put on v
cuir ar
(transitive) To don (clothing, equipment, or the like).

put up v
cuir suas
(transitive) To place in a high location.
(transitive) To hang; to mount.
(transitive, idiom) To house; to shelter; to take in.

put up with v
cuir suas le

putrefy /ˈpjutɹəfaɪ/ v
morg
To reach an advanced stage of decomposition.

pygmy /pɪɡmiː/ pygmies n
pigmí
(often, _, capitalized) A member of one of various Ancient Equatorial African tribal peoples, notable for their very short stature.

pygmy owl pygmy owls n
mionulchabhán

pygostyle /ˈpaɪɡəstaɪl/ pygostyles n
pígistíl
The plate supporting the tail-feathers in birds, formed from fused vertebrae.

pyramid /ˈpɪɹəmɪd/ pyramids n
pirimid
An ancient massive construction with a square or rectangular base and four triangular sides meeting in an apex, such as those built as tombs in Egypt or as bases for temples in Mesoamerica.
A construction in the shape of a pyramid, usually with a square or rectangular base.
(geometry) A solid with triangular lateral faces and a polygonal (often square or rectangular) base.

pyre /ˈpaɪɚ/ pyres n
breocharn
A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which corpses are burned.

pyribole pyriboles n
pireaból
(mineralogy) Any mineral of either the pyroxene or amphibole groups.

pyrite /ˈpaɪˌɹaɪt/ pyrites n
pirít bréagór iarnphirít
(mineral) The common mineral iron disulfide (FeS2), of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system.

pyroclast pyroclasts n
pireaclast
(geology) Solid matter ejected into the air by an active volcano.

pyroclastic adj
pireaclastach
(vulcanology) Mostly composed of rock fragments of volcanic origin or comminuted during an eruption.

python /ˈpaɪθɑn/ /ˈpaɪθən/ pythons n
píotón
(zoology) A type of large constricting snake.

pyx /pɪks/ pyxes n
bosca abhlainne
(Roman Catholicism, also, figurative) A small, usually round container used to hold the host, especially when bringing communion to the sick or others unable to attend Mass.

quack /kwæk/ quacks n
vác
The sound made by a duck.
dochtúir bréige
(pejorative) A fraudulent healer, especially a bombastic peddler in worthless treatments, a doctor who makes false diagnoses for monetary benefit, or an untrained or poorly trained doctor who uses fraudulent credentials to attract patients [from c. 1630]
potrálaí soidéalach
(figuratively, pejorative) Any similar charlatan or incompetent professional.

quacking quackings n
vácarnach
The sound made by a group of ducks; quacks.

quadrilateral /ˌkwɑd.ɹəˈlæt.ɚ.əl/ adj
ceathairshleasach
Having four sides.

quadrupedal adj
ceathairchosach
Walking on four feet.

quadruple /kwɑˈdɹu.pəl/ /kwɑˈdɹʌp.əl/ /kwɒˈdɹuː.pəl/ /ˈkwɑd.ɹə.pəl/ /ˈkwɒd.ɹʊ.pəl/ adj
ceathrúil
Being four times as long, as big or as many of something.

quadruple star quadruple stars n
réalta cheathrúil
(star) Four stars which form a stellar system, such that they orbit the point of equilibrium of their gravitational fields; a quadruple star system.

quagmire /ˈkwæɡ.maɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈkwæɡ.maɪɹ/ /ˈkwæɡ.mɑɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈkwɒɡ.maɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈkwɔɡ.mɑɪə(ɹ)/ quagmires n
bogach
A swampy, soggy area of ground.

quail /kweɪl/ /ˈkweɪ.əl/ quail quails n
gearg
Any of various small game birds of the genera Coturnix, Anurophasis or Perdicula in the Old World family Phasianidae or of the New World family Odontophoridae.

quail /kweɪl/ /ˈkweɪ.əl/ v
creathnaigh
(intransitive) To lose heart or courage; to be daunted or fearful. [from 16th c.]

qualification /ˌkwɑlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ qualifications n
agús
A clause or condition which qualifies something; a modification, a limitation. [from 16th c.]

qualified /ˈkwɑl.ɪ.faɪd/ /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.faɪd/ more qualified most qualified adj
cáilithe
Meeting the standards, requirements, and training for a position.

qualifier /ˈkwɑ.lɪ.faɪ.ɚ/ /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.faɪ.ə/ /ˈkwɔl.ɪ.fɑɪ.ə/ qualifiers n
cáilitheoir
(grammar) A word or phrase, such as an adjective or adverb, that describes or characterizes another word or phrase, such as a noun or verb; a modifier; that adds or subtracts attributes to another.

qualify /ˈkwæl.ɪ.faɪ/ /ˈkwɑl.ɪ.faɪ/ /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.faɪ/ v
cáiligh

quality /ˈkwælɪti/ /ˈkwælɪtɪ/ /ˈkwɑləti/ /ˈkwɒlɪti/ /ˈkwɔl.ə.ti/ [ˈkwɔɫ.ə.ti] [ˈkʰwɑ.lə.ɾi] more quality most quality adj
ardchaighdeáin
Being of good worth, well made, fit for purpose; of high quality.

quality /ˈkwælɪti/ /ˈkwælɪtɪ/ /ˈkwɑləti/ /ˈkwɒlɪti/ /ˈkwɔl.ə.ti/ [ˈkwɔɫ.ə.ti] [ˈkʰwɑ.lə.ɾi] qualities n
aitreabúid dúchas
(countable) Something that differentiates a thing or person.

quality assurance n
dearbhú cáilíochta
A system in which the delivery of a service or the quality of a product is assessed, and compared with that required.

quantity /ˈkwæn.tɪ.ti/ /ˈkwæn.tɪ.tɪ/ /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/ /ˈkwɒn.tɪ.ti/ [ˈkwɑnɾəɾi] [ˈkʰwɑn(tʰ)ɨtʰi] [ˈkʰwɑn(ɾ)ɨɾi] quantities n
cainníocht
A fundamental, generic term used when referring to the measurement (count, amount) of a scalar, vector, number of items or to some other way of denominating the value of a collection or group of items.
A specific measured amount.

quantity surveyor quantity surveyors n
suirbhéir cainníochta

quantity theory of money n
teoiric chainníocht an airgid
the theory that changes in prices and the value of money vary with changes in the amount of money in circulation

quantum /ˈkwɑntəm/ /ˈkwɒntəm/ [ˈkʰwɑ̃ntʰə̃m] [ˈkʰwɑ̃ɾ̃ə̃m] quanta quantums n
candam
(physics) The smallest possible, and therefore indivisible, unit of a given quantity or quantifiable phenomenon. [from 20th c.]

quantum entanglement quantum entanglements n
fostú candamach
(quantum mechanics) A quantum mechanical phenomenon in which the quantum states of two or more objects have to be described with reference to each other, even though the individual objects are spatially separated.

quantum field theory quantum field theories n
réimsetheoiric chandamach
(quantum mechanics) A theory of quantum fields; the result of applying second quantization to Classical Relativistic Field Theory.

quantum mechanics n
meicnic chandamach
(physics) The branch of physics which studies matter and energy at the level of atoms and other elementary particles, and substitutes probabilistic mechanisms in place of classical Newtonian ones.

quantum number quantum numbers n
candamuimhir
(quantum mechanics) One of certain integers or half-integers that specify the state of a quantum mechanical system (such as an electron in an atom).

quantum physics n
fisic chandamach
(physics) quantum mechanics

quantum theory quantum theories n
teoiric an chandaim
(physics) A theory developed in the early 20th century, according to which nuclear and radiation phenomena can be explained by assuming that energy only occurs in discrete amounts called quanta.

quarantine /ˈkwɑɹ.ən.tin/ /ˈkwɒrn̩tiːn/ /ˈkwɒɹ.ən.taɪn/ /ˈkwɒɹ.ən.tiːn/ /ˈkwɔɹ.ən.tin/ /ˈkɔɹ.ən.tin/ quarantines n
coraintín
A period, instance, or state of isolation from the general public or from native livestock and flora enacted to prevent the spread of any contagious disease.

quark /kwɑɹk/ /kwɑːk/ /kwɔɹk/ /kwɔːk/ quarks n
cuarc
(particle) In the Standard Model, an elementary subatomic particle that forms matter. They combine to form hadrons, such as protons and neutrons.

quarrel /ˈkwɑɹəl/ /ˈkwɒɹ(ə)l/ /ˈkwɔɹəl/ quarrels n
clampar bruíon imreas
(countable) A dispute or heated argument (especially one that is verbal).

quarrel /ˈkwɑɹəl/ /ˈkwɒɹ(ə)l/ /ˈkwɔɹəl/ v
bruíon
(intransitive, also, figuratively) To argue fiercely; to contend; to squabble; to cease to be on friendly terms, to fall out.

quarrelsome /ˈkwɑɹəlsəm/ /ˈkwɒɹəlsəm/ /ˈkwɔɹəlsəm/ more quarrelsome most quarrelsome adj
achrannach anglánta argánta bruíonach clamprach cointinneach
Argumentative; fond of or prone to quarreling.

quarrelsomeness /ˈkwɒɹəlsm̩nəs/ n
achrannaí anglántacht bruíonachas clampracht iarógacht sceachaireacht
The quality of being quarrelsome; an argumentative nature. [from 17th c.]

quarry /ˈk(w)ɔɹ.i/ /ˈkwɑɹ.i/ /ˈkwɒɹ.i/ quarries n
cairéal
(mining) A site for mining stone, limestone, or slate.

quarry /ˈk(w)ɔɹ.i/ /ˈkwɑɹ.i/ /ˈkwɒɹ.i/ v
cairéalaigh
(transitive) To obtain (or mine) stone by extraction from a quarry.

quarter /ˈk(w)oː.tɘ/ /ˈk(w)ɔɹ.tɚ/ /ˈk(w)ɔːtə/ quarters n
ceathrú ráithe
(historical) A measure of length; originally a fourth part of an ell, now chiefly a fourth part of a yard. [from 14th c.]
ráithe
(now, historical) A fourth part of the night; one of the watches or divisions of the night. [from 14th c.]

quarter of an hour quarters of an hour n
ceathrú uaire
(time) fifteen minutes.

quarterdeck quarterdecks n
deic cheathrún
(nautical) The aft part of the upper deck of a ship; normally reserved for officers

quartermaster /ˈk(w)ɔɹtɚˌmæstɚ/ /ˈkwɔːtɚˌmɑːstə/ quartermasters n
ceathrúmháistir
(military rank) An officer whose duty is to provide quarters, provisions, storage, clothing, fuel, stationery, and transportation for a regiment or other body of troops, and superintend the supplies. Master of quartering.

quartz /k(w)ɔɹts/ /k(w)ɔːts/ quartzes n
grianchloch
(mineral) The most abundant mineral on the earth's surface, of chemical composition silicon dioxide, SiO2. It occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous. Found in every environment.

quasar /ˈkweɪ.zɑɹ/ /ˈkweɪ.zɑː/ quasars n
cuasár
(galaxy) An extragalactic object, starlike in appearance, that is among the most luminous and (putatively) the most distant objects in the universe.

quay /keɪ/ /kiː/ /kweɪ/ quays n
cé
(nautical) A stone or concrete structure on navigable water used for loading and unloading vessels; a wharf.

queasy /ˈkwiː.zi/ queasier queasiest adj
adhascaideach samhnasach
Experiencing or causing nausea or uneasiness, often characterized by an unsettled stomach.
samhnasach
Easily troubled; squeamish.

queen /kwiːn/ [kʰw̥iːn] queens n
banríon
A female monarch.
A woman whose pre-eminence, power, or forcefulness is comparable to that of a queen.
A playing card with a depiction of a queen on it, generally ranking next below the king and above the jack in a given suit.
A chess piece that, under contemporary rules, is the most powerful, able to move any number of spaces horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.
Worker bees around the queen (sense 6) of the hive, marked with a pink dot A reproductive female insect in a hive, such as an ant, bee, termite or wasp.

queen /kwiːn/ [kʰw̥iːn] v
ríonaigh
(transitive) To make a queen or (figuratively) to give the status of a queen.

queen bee queen bees n
cráinbheach
A reproductive female (especially the only one) in a colony of bees.

queen dowager queen dowagers queens dowager queens dowagers n
baintreach an rí
The widow of a king.

queen mother queen mothers n
ríonmháthair
A widowed queen consort (a queen dowager) whose son or daughter from that marriage is the reigning monarch.

queen post queen posts n
ríonphost
(construction) A supporting post designed to span longer openings than a king post.

queenship queenships n
ríonacht
The rank, status, position, or dignity of a queen.

queer /kwɪə/ /kwɪɹ/ queerer queerest adj
aiteach
(colloquial, sometimes, pejorative) Non-heterosexual or non-cisgender: homosexual, bisexual, asexual, transgender, etc.
(broadly) Pertaining to sexual or gender behaviour or identity which does not conform to conventional heterosexual or cisgender norms, assumptions etc. [from 20th c.]

queerness queernesses n
aisteachas aistiúlacht aiteacht aiteas greannmhaireacht suaithníocht
(uncountable) The quality of being queer, in the sense of not conforming to sexual or gender norms.

quench /kwɛnt͡ʃ/ v
cosc
(transitive) To satisfy, especially a literal or figurative thirst.
múch
(transitive) To extinguish or put out (as a fire or light).
fuaraigh múch
(transitive, metallurgy) To cool rapidly by direct contact with liquid coolant, as a blacksmith quenching hot iron.

quenching /ˈkwɛntʃ.ɪŋ/ quenchings n
múchadh
(metallurgy) The rapid cooling of a hot metal object, by placing it in a liquid, in order to harden it.

quern /kwɜːn/ /kwɝn/ querns n
bró
A mill for grinding corn, especially a handmill made of two circular stones.

query language query languages n
teanga iarratais
(databases, programming) Any of several generalized computer languages in which users may extract data from selected records in a database

question /ˈkwɛ.ʃən/ /ˈkwɛstjən/ /ˈkwɛst͡ʃən/ /ˈkwɛst͡ʃɛn/ /ˈkwɛʃ(t͡ʃ)ɛn/ /ˈkwɛʃtən/ /ˈkwɛʃt͡ʃən/ /ˈkwɛʔ.ʃən/ [ˈkwɛʃ.t͡ʃn̩˗] questions n
ceist
A sentence, phrase or word which asks for information, reply or response; an interrogative.
A subject or topic for consideration or investigation.

question /ˈkwɛ.ʃən/ /ˈkwɛstjən/ /ˈkwɛst͡ʃən/ /ˈkwɛst͡ʃɛn/ /ˈkwɛʃ(t͡ʃ)ɛn/ /ˈkwɛʃtən/ /ˈkwɛʃt͡ʃən/ /ˈkwɛʔ.ʃən/ [ˈkwɛʃ.t͡ʃn̩˗] v
ceistigh
(transitive) To ask questions of; to interrogate; to ask for information.

question mark /ˈkwɛstʃ(ə)n ˌmɑɹk/ /ˈkwɛstʃ(ə)n ˌmɑːk/ /ˈkwɛʃ-/ question marks n
comhartha ceiste
(typography) The punctuation mark "?", used at the end of a sentence to indicate a question.
Polygonia interrogationis, a North American nymphalid butterfly with a silver mark on the underside of its hindwing resembling a question mark (sense 1).

questioning /ˈkwɛs.tjə.nɪŋ/ /ˈkwɛs.t͡ʃə.nɪŋ/ /ˈkwɛs.t͡ʃɛ.nɪŋ/ /ˈkwɛʃ.(t͡ʃ)ɛ.nɪŋ/ /ˈkwɛʃ.tə.nɪŋ/ /ˈkwɛʃ.t͡ʃə.nɪŋ/ questionings n
ceistiú
The action of asking questions; a survey; an inquiry.

questionnaire /ˌk(w)ɛstjəˈnɛə/ /ˌk(w)ɛstʃəˈnɛə/ /ˌkwɛs.t͡ʃəˈnɛɹ/ questionnaires n
ceistiúchán
A form containing a list of questions; a means of gathering information for a survey

quethe /kwiːð/ v
abair
(obsolete, _, except in past tense quoth) To say or declare.

queue /kju/ /kjuː/ queues n
ciú scuaine
A waiting list or other means of organizing people or objects into a first-come-first-served order.

queueing theory n
teoiric na ciúála teoiric scuaineála
(mathematics) The study of the behaviour of queues, and of stochastic processes on which they are modelled.

quick /kwɪk/ [kʰw̥ɪk] more quick most quick quicker quickest adj
abúil
luath mear sciobtha
Moving with speed, rapidity or swiftness, or capable of doing so; rapid; fast.
pras
Occurring in a short time; happening or done rapidly.
mear tráthúil
Lively, fast-thinking, witty, intelligent.

quick /kwɪk/ [kʰw̥ɪk] quicks n
beo
Raw or sensitive flesh, especially that underneath finger and toe nails.

quick-tempered more quick-tempered most quick-tempered adj
mear tobann
Easily or quickly angered or frustrated.

quickdraw quickdraws n
crúca cairbíneach dúbailte
(climbing) A set of two carabiners connected by a strap.

quicken /ˈkwɪk(ə)n/ v
géaraigh
(literary, also, figuratively) To give life to (someone or something never alive or once dead); to animate, to resurrect, to revive. [from 14th c.]

quicklime quicklimes n
aol beo
Calcium oxide, which is produced by heating (calcining) limestone and gives slaked lime on treatment with water.

quickly /ˈkwɪkli/ more quickly most quickly quicklier quickliest adv
aibéil
Rapidly; with speed; fast.

quickness /ˈkwɪknəs/ quicknesses n
aibéil éascaíocht
rapidity of movement or activity; agility or dexterity

quicksand quicksands n
gaineamh beo gaineamh reatha gaineamh súraic
Wet sand that appears firm but in which things readily sink, often found near rivers or coasts.

quicksilver /ˈkwɪkˌsɪlvɚ/ n
airgead beo
The metal mercury.

quiet /ˈkwaɪ.ət/ /ˈkwaɪ.ɪt/ more quiet most quiet quieter quietest adj
ciúin
With little or no sound; free of disturbing noise.

quiet /ˈkwaɪ.ət/ /ˈkwaɪ.ɪt/ quiets n
ciúnas
The absence of sound; quietness.

quince /kwɪns/ quinces n
cainche crann cainche
(countable) The deciduous tree bearing such fruit, native to Asia.

quinine /kwɪˈniːn/ /ˈkwaɪ.naɪn/ /ˈkwɪn.aɪn/ /ˈkwɪn.iːn/ quinines n
quinín
(pharmaceutical drug) An alkaloid with the chemical formula C20H24N2O2, originally derived from cinchona bark (from plants of the genus Cinchona), used to treat malaria and as an ingredient of tonic water, which presents as a bitter colourless powder; also, a drug containing quinine or a chemical compound derived from it. [from early 19th c.]

quinone /ˈkwɪnəʊn/ quinones n
cuineon
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic compounds having two carbonyl functional groups in the same six-membered ring.

quinquennial /kwɪŋˈkwɛ.ni.əl/ adj
cúigbhliantúil
Of or related to a five-year period.

quinsy /ˈkwɪnzi/ quinsies n
sceith aincise
(pathology) A peritonsillar abscess; a painful pus-filled inflammation or abscess of the tonsils and surrounding tissues, usually a complication of tonsillitis, caused by bacterial infection and often accompanied by fever.

quintet /kwɪnˈtɛt/ quintets n
cúigréad
(music) A composition (a type of chamber music) in five parts (typically each a singer or instrumentalist, sometimes several musicians)
(music) A group of five musicians, fit to play such a piece of music together

quite /kwaɪt/ adv
ar fad
To the greatest extent or degree; completely, entirely.
réasúnta
To a moderate extent or degree; somewhat, rather. [from 19th c.]

quorum /ˈkwɔː.ɹəm/ /ˈkwɔːɹəm/ quora quorums n
córam
The minimum number of members required for a group to officially conduct business and to cast votes, often but not necessarily a majority or supermajority.

quota /ˈkwoʊtə/ /ˈkwəʉtə/ /ˈkwəʊtə/ [ˈkwoʊɾə] [ˈkwəʉɾə] quotas n
cuóta
A proportional part or share; the share or proportion assigned to each in a division.

quotation marks /kwoʊˈteɪʃən mɑɹks/ /kwəʊˈteɪʃən mɑːks/ n
comharthaí athfhriotail
Note: These languages use “◌”-style marks or other styles as indicated. Some are singular and some plural.

quote /kwəʊt/ v
luaigh
(transitive) To prepare a summary of work to be done and set a price.

rabbi /ˈɹæ.baɪ/ rabbies rabbis n
raibí
A Jewish scholar or teacher of halacha (Jewish law), capable of making halachic decisions.

rabbit /ˈɹæbət/ /ˈɹæbɪt/ rabbits n
coinín
A mammal of the family Leporidae, with long ears, long hind legs and a short, fluffy tail.

rabbit hole rabbit holes n
poll coinicéir poll coinín rapach súil choinicéir
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see rabbit,‎ hole. The entrance to a rabbit warren or burrow; the whole warren or burrow.

rabbit hutch rabbit hutches n
cró coinín
A cage for keeping a rabbit or rabbits.

rabid /ˈɹeɪbɪd/ /ˈɹæbɪd/ rabider rabidest adj
confach
Affected with rabies.
Of or pertaining to rabies, or hydrophobia.
(by extension) Furious; raging; extremely violent.

rabies /ˈɹeɪ.biːz/ n
confadh
(disease) An infectious disease caused by species of Lyssavirus that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals and people, characterised by abnormal behaviour such as biting, excitement, aggressiveness, and dementia, followed by paralysis and death.

raccoon /ɹæˈkun/ /ɹəˈkun/ /ɹəˈkuːn/ raccoons n
racún
An omnivorous, nocturnal mammal native to North America, typically with a mixture of gray, brown, and black fur, a mask-like marking around the eyes and a striped tail; Procyon lotor.

race /ɹeɪs/ races n
rás
A contest between people, animals, vehicles, etc. where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective.
A sequence of events; a progressive movement toward a goal.
cine
A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage.
A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of common physical characteristics, such as skin color or hair type.
A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of shared characteristics or qualities, for example social qualities.
caise sruth
A fast-moving current of water.
gránlann
(engineering) A ring with a groove in which rolling elements (such as balls) ride, forming part of a rolling-element bearing (for example, a ball bearing).

racehorse racehorses n
capall rása
A horse that competes in races.

racer /ˈɹeɪsə/ /ˈɹeɪsəɹ/ racers n
rásaí
Someone who takes part in a race.

racetrack /ˈɹeɪsˌtɹæk/ racetracks n
raon rásaí
A course over which any type of races are run.

racing /ˈɹeɪsɪŋ/ racings n
rásaíocht
The sport of competing in races.

racism /ˈɹeɪsɪzm̩/ racisms n
ciníochas
Prejudice or discrimination based upon race or ethnicity; (countable) an action of such discrimination.

rack /ɹæk/ racks n
aidhleann alchaing raca
A series of one or more shelves, stacked one above the other
Any of various kinds of frame for holding luggage or other objects on a vehicle or vessel.
raca céasta
(historical) A device, incorporating a ratchet, used to torture victims by stretching them beyond their natural limits.
raca
A cut of meat involving several adjacent ribs.
brollach cliabh
(slang, vulgar) A woman's breasts.

racket /ˈɹækɪt/ rackets n
raicéad
(countable, sports) An implement with a handle connected to a round frame strung with wire, sinew, or plastic cords, and used to hit a ball, such as in tennis or a birdie in badminton.
callán
A loud noise.

radial symmetry radial symmetries n
ga-shiméadracht
A form of symmetry in which identical parts are arranged in a circular fashion around a central axis.

radian /ˈɹeɪdiən/ radians n
raidian
(geometry) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of plane angular measure of angle equal to the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc of its circumference equal in length to the radius of the circle. Symbol: rad.

radiant /ˈɹeɪ.di.ənt/ more radiant most radiant adj
lonrach
Radiating light and/or heat.

radiation /ɹaɪ.di.ˈaɪ.ʃən/ /ɹæ.di.ˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɹeɪ.di.ˈeɪ.ʃən/ radiations n
radaíocht scaipeadh

radiation physics n
fisic radaíochta
(physics) The study of the effects of ionizing radiation on matter, and of its measurement

radicalism /ˈradɪkəlɪz(ə)m/ radicalisms n
radacachas raidiciúlacht

radiculopathy radiculopathies n
fréamhánphaite
(pathology) Any disease of the spinal nerve roots and spinal nerves.

radio /ˈɹeɪdiˌoʊ/ /ˈɹeɪdiˌəʊ/ radios n
raidió
(uncountable) The technology that allows for the transmission of sound or other signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves.
(countable) A device that can capture (receive) the signal sent over radio waves and render the modulated signal as sound.

radio astronomy n
radairéalteolaíocht
The branch of astronomy which studies celestial bodies and occurrences at radio frequencies by means of radio telescopes.

radio frequency radio frequencies n
minicíocht raidió radaimhinicíocht
(uncountable) That part of the electromagnetic spectrum, between about 3 kHz and 300 MHz, within which radio waves are transmitted.

radio station /ˈɹeɪ.di.oʊ ˌsteɪ.ʃən/ radio stations n
stáisiún raidió
An installation of a radio transmitter, and possibly a receiver, for the purpose of broadcasting or communication; usually refers to a broadcast station in non-technical usage.

radioactive waste radioactive wastes n
fuíoll núicléach
Waste containing radioactive nuclides.

radioactivity radioactivities n
radaighníomhaíocht
Spontaneous emission of ionizing radiation as a consequence of a nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus.
The radiation so emitted; including gamma rays, alpha particles, neutrons, electrons, positrons, etc.

radiocarbon radiocarbons n
radacarbón
A radioactive isotope of carbon, especially 146C

radiocarbon dating radiocarbon datings n
dátú radacarbóin
(physics, archaeology, paleontology) A method of estimating the age of an artifact or biological vestige based on the relative amounts of the different isotopes of carbon present in a sample.

radiograph radiographs n
radagraf
An image, often a photographic negative, produced by radiation other than ordinary light; especially an X-ray photograph.

radiographer radiographers n
radagrafaí
Someone who works with radiography. This term seems to be more common in British English.

radiographic adj
radagrafach
Of or pertaining to radiography.

radiography n
radagrafaíocht
The process of making radiographs, and the science of analyzing them.

radiological adj
raideolaíoch
Of or pertaining to radiation, radioactivity or nuclear weapons.

radiologist /ˌɹeɪ.diːˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ radiologists n
raideolaí
A person who is skilled in or practices radiology.

radiology n
raideolaíocht
(medicine) The specialty of medical imaging and its interpretation, originally and especially radiography#Noun but now including all imaging modalities, including ones that use no radiation#Noun (such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging).

radioluminescence radioluminescences n
radalonracht
luminescence produced by bombardment with ionizing radiation

radiotelegraphy /ˌɹeɪ.di.əʊ.təˈlɛɡ.ɹə.fi/ n
radaiteileagrafaíocht teileagrafaíocht raidió
The process and techniques of sending telegrams using radio waves rather than wires.

radiotelephony n
radaiteileafónaíocht
the transmission of sound (in both directions) using modulated radio waves rather than wires

radish /ˈɹadɪʃ/ /ˈɹædɪʃ/ /ˈɹɛdɪʃ/ radishes n
raidis
A plant of the Brassicaceae family, Raphanus sativus or Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, having an edible root.

radius /ˈɹeɪ.di.əs/ radii radiuses n
gaghéag
(zoology) The lighter bone (or fused portion of bone) in the forelimb of an animal.
ga
(geometry) The length of this line segment.

radix /ɹeɪ.dɪks/ radices radixes n
bunuimhir
(mathematics) The number of distinct symbols used to represent numbers in a particular base, as ten for decimal.

radon /ˈɹeɪdɒn/ n
radón
The chemical element (symbol Rn, formerly Ro) with atomic number 86. It is an odorless, colorless, chemically inert but radioactive noble gas.

raft /ɹæft/ /ɹɑːft/ rafts n
rafta
A flat-bottomed craft able to float and drift on water, used for transport or as a waterborne platform.

rafter /ˈɹæftəɹ/ /ˈɹɑːftə(ɹ)/ rafters n
rachta
(architecture) One of a series of sloped beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the downslope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads.

rag /ɹæɡ/ rags n
ceamach ceamacha ceirt giobal
A piece of old cloth, especially one used for cleaning, patching, etc.; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred or tatter.
páipéar suarach
(slang, pejorative) A newspaper or magazine, especially one whose journalism is considered to be of poor quality.

rag paper rag papers n
páipéar ceirteacha
Paper made from the pulp of rags.

ragged /ˈɹæɡɪd/ more ragged most ragged adj
ceamach
In tatters, having the texture broken.

ragman ragmen n
fear ceirteacha
A person who collects and sells unwanted household items such as rags and other refuse for a living, a rag and bone man.

ragweed ragweeds n
eimhear sléibhe
A plant of the genus Ambrosia. These weeds are particularly noted for producing pollen which people with hay fever are allergic to.

rail /ɹeɪl/ [ɹeɪɫ] rails n
ráille
A horizontal bar extending between supports and used for support or as a barrier; a railing.

railing /ˈɹeɪlɪŋ/ railings n
ráille
A fence or barrier consisting of one or more horizontal rails and vertical supports.

railroad car railroad cars n
carráiste traenach
(US) Any railway vehicle or rolling stock.

railway /ˈɹeɪlˌweɪ/ railways n
iarnród
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, and, Commonwealth) A transport system using rails used to move passengers or goods.
iarnród bóthar iarainn
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, Philippines, and, Commonwealth) A track, consisting of parallel rails, over which wheeled vehicles such as trains may travel.

railway station railway stations n
stáisiúin traenach
(British) A place where trains stop for passengers to embark and disembark.

rain /ɹeɪn/ rains n
báisteach fearthainn
Condensed water falling from a cloud.
(figuratively) Any matter moving or falling, usually through air, and especially if liquid or otherwise figuratively identifiable with raindrops.
(figuratively) An instance of particles or larger pieces of matter moving or falling through air.

rain /ɹeɪn/ v
cuir (báisteach, fearthainn)
(impersonal) To have rain fall from the sky.

rain cats and dogs v
sceana gréasaí a chur
(impersonal, idiomatic) To rain very heavily.

rain cloud rain clouds n
scamall báistí
A cloud from which rain is falling or may fall.

rainbow /ˈɹeɪmboʊ/ /ˈɹeɪnboʊ/ /ˈɹeɪnbəʊ/ rainbows n
bogha báistí tuar ceatha
A multicoloured arch in the sky, produced by prismatic refraction of light within droplets of rain in the air.

rainbow flag rainbow flags n
bratach bogha báistí
A rainbow-striped flag, typically consisting of six horizontal bars (from top to bottom: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet), used as a symbol of LGBT pride and LGBT social movements.

raincoat /ˈɹeɪnkoʊt/ /ˈɹeɪnkəʊt/ raincoats n
cóta báistí cóta fearthainne cóta uiscedhíonach
A waterproof coat to be worn in the rain.

rainforest rainforests n
foraois bháistí
A forest in a climate with high annual rainfall and no dry season.

rainproof more rainproof most rainproof adj
uiscedhíonach
waterproof (for use outdoors); resistant to rain

rainy /ˈɹeɪni/ rainier rainiest adj
báistiúil fearthainneach fliuch
Pouring with rain; wet; showery

rainy day rainy days n
cos thinn lá báistí
(idiomatic) A difficult period of need, in reference to a time when money will be needed.
lá báistí
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see rainy,‎ day.

raise /ɹeɪz/ v
ardaigh cruinnigh tóg
To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise, come forth, or appear.

raise up v
tóg suas
(transitive) To raise (put at a higher level)

raisin /ˈɹeɪzən/ /ˈɹiːzən/ raisins n
rísín
A dried grape.

raisin bread raisin breads n
arán rísíní
Bread with raisins in it.

rake /ɹeɪk/ rakes n
ráca
(agriculture, horticulture) A garden tool with a row of pointed teeth fixed to a long handle, used for collecting debris, grass, etc., for flattening the ground, or for loosening soil; also, a similar wheel-mounted tool drawn by a horse or a tractor.

ram /ɹæm/ rams n
reithe
(zoology, agriculture) A male sheep, typically uncastrated.

rambling /ˈɹæm.blɪŋ/ ramblings n
rámhaille
A long meandering talk with no specific topic or direction.
fánaíocht
A gentle hike.

rambutan [ɹamˈbjʉːtən] [ɹæmˈbuːtən] rambutans n
rambútan
A tree, Nephelium lappaceum, of Southeast Asia.
The fruit of this tree.

ramjet ramjets n
rop-scairdinneall
(aeronautics) A jet engine in which forward motion forces air into an inlet, compressing it (as opposed to having a pump type device compressing the air for combustion with fuel), and where combustion is subsonic.

rampant /ˈɹæm.pənt/ more rampant most rampant adj
ar a ingne deiridh
(originally) Rearing on both hind legs with the forelegs extended.
(heraldry) Rearing up, especially on its hind leg(s), with a foreleg raised and in profile.
Rife, or occurring widely, frequently or menacingly.
uaibhreach
Unrestrained or unchecked, usually in a negative manner.

ramsons n
creamh
A wild relative of chives, of species Allium ursinum, having edible leaves and roots.

rancor /ˈɹæŋ.kɚ/ rancors n
aicis
(American spelling) A feeling of long-lasting ire for another, sometimes to the point of hatred, over a perceived wrongdoing; bitterness.

rancorous /ˈɹæŋ.kəɹ.əs/ more rancorous most rancorous adj
aiciseach domlasta
Full of rancor; bitter; unforgiving.

random /ˈɹændəm/ more random most random adj
fánach teagmhasach
(statistics) Involving an outcome which is impossible to predict, but which may be represented by a probability distribution; in the ideal case, involving outcomes which are equally likely.

random access n
randamrochtain
(computing theory) The ability to access any element of a sequence in real time, without having to seek through preceding elements.

random access memory random access memories n
cuimhne randamrochtana
(computing, electronics) Computer memory, usually volatile, that stores program and data values during operation and in which each word of memory may be directly (randomly) accessed.

randomness /ˈɹændəmnəs/ randomnesses n
randamacht
The property of all possible outcomes being equally likely.
(mathematics) A type of circumstance or event that is described by a probability distribution.

range /ɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ ranges n
sliabhraon
A line or series of mountains, buildings, etc.
sorn sornóg
A fireplace; a fire or other cooking apparatus; now specifically, a large cooking stove with many hotplates.
réim
The extent or space taken in by anything excursive; compass or extent of excursion; reach; scope.
réimse
(ecology) The geographical area or zone where a species is normally naturally found.

rani /ˈɹɑː.niː/ ranis n
bantiarna Indiach
The wife of a rajah.
A Hindu princess or female ruler in India.

rank /ɹæŋk/ more rank most rank ranker rankest adj
borb
Having a very strong and bad taste or odor.
uaibhreach
Strong in growth; growing with vigour or rapidity, hence, coarse or gross.

rank /ɹæŋk/ ranks n
oireachas
One's position in a list sorted by a shared property such as physical location, population, or quality.

ranker rankers n
rangóir saighdiúir singil
(countable, military) A common soldier.

rankness ranknesses n
boirbe uabhar
The quality of being rank, of having a repulsive or pungent odor.

ransack /ˈɹænsæk/ v
tiomsaigh
(transitive) To make a vigorous and thorough search of (a place, person) with a view to stealing something, especially when leaving behind a state of disarray.

ransom /ˈɹænsəm/ v
fuascail
To pay a price to set someone free from captivity or punishment.

rap music n
ceol rap rapcheol
(music genre) Hip-hop music, especially when focused on rapping.

rape /ɹeɪp/ rapes n
éigniú
The act of forcing sex upon another person without their consent or against their will; originally coitus forced by a man on a woman, but now generally any sex act forced by any person upon another person; by extension, any non-consensual sex act forced on or perpetrated by any being. [from 15th c.]

rape /ɹeɪp/ v
éignigh
(chiefly, transitive) To force sexual intercourse or other sexual activity upon (someone) without their consent. [from 16th c.]

rapeseed oil rapeseed oils n
ola ráibe
A thick brownish-yellow oil expressed from rapeseed, used chiefly for lubricating and in the manufacture of soap and india rubber.

rapid /ˈɹæpɪd/ rapids n
fánsruth
(usually, in the plural) A rough section of a river or stream which is difficult to navigate due to the swift and turbulent motion of the water.

rapper /ˈɹæpɚ/ rappers n
ceoltóir rap
(music) A performer of rap music, or someone who raps in any form of music.

rare /ɹɛə(ɹ)/ /ɹɛɚ/ /ɹɛɹ/ [ɹɜɹ] rarer rarest adj
annamh
Very uncommon; scarce.

rare earth rare earths n
tearc-chré tearcithir
(chemistry) Any of the naturally occurring oxides of the lanthanide metals; they are widely distributed in relatively small concentrations and are used in glassmaking, ceramic glazes etc.

rareness rarenesses n
annamhacht
The property of being rare; rarity

rarity /ˈɹæ.ɹɪ.tɪ/ /ˈɹɛə.ɹə.ti/ /ˈɹɛɹ.ə.ti/ rarities n
annaimhe annamhacht
A measure of the scarcity of an object.

rascal /ˈɹæskl̩/ /ˈɹɑːskl̩/ rascals n
alfraits
A dishonest person; a rogue, a scoundrel, a trickster.
alfraits bithiúnach
Sometimes diminutive: a cheeky person or creature; a troublemaker.

rash /ɹæʃ/ rasher rashest adj
ainchríonna andána mear
Acting too quickly without considering the consequences and risks; not careful; hasty.

rashness rashnesses n
andánacht
The quality of state of being rash; inconsiderate or presumptuous haste

raspberry /ˈɹæzbɹi/ /ˈɹæzˌbɛɹi/ /ˈɹɑːzb(ə)ɹi/ raspberries n
tor sútha craobh
The plant Rubus idaeus.
sú craobh
The juicy aggregate fruit of these plants.

rat /ɹæt/ rats n
francach dubh luch francach luchóg mhor francach
(zoology) A medium-sized rodent belonging to the genus Rattus.
lúbaire
(informal) A scab: a worker who acts against trade union policies.

rat /ɹæt/ v
tréig
(intransitive, with on or out) To inform on someone; to betray someone to the police or authorities. [from 20th c.]

rat race rat races n
brú carnáin
(informal) An activity or situation which is congested with participants and which is hectic or tedious, especially in the context of a busy, modern urban lifestyle.

rate /ɹeɪt/ rates n
ráta
The relative speed of change or progress. [from 18th c.]
The price of (an individual) thing; cost. [from 16th c.]

rath /ɹæθ/ /ɹɑːθ/ raths n
ráth
(historical) A walled enclosure, especially in Ireland; a ringfort built sometime between the Iron Age and the Viking Age.

rather than preposition
seachas
instead of; in preference to.

ratify /ˈɹætəfaɪ/ /ˈɹætɪfaɪ/ v
daingnigh
(transitive) To give formal consent to; make officially valid, sign off on.

rating /ˈɹeɪtɪŋ/ [ˈɹeɪɾɪŋ] ratings n
grád
An evaluation of status, especially of financial status.
A quantitative measure of the audience of a television program.

ration /ˈɹæʃən/ rations n
beatha candam cion cuid raisín
A portion of some limited resource allocated to a person or group.

ration /ˈɹæʃən/ v
cum
(transitive) To portion out (especially during a shortage of supply); to limit access to.

rationalist rationalists n
réasúnaí
A person who follows the philosophy of rationalism

rationalistic more rationalistic most rationalistic adj
réasúnaíoch
Of or relating to rationalism.

rationality rationalities n
réasúnacht réasúnaíocht réasúntacht
The quality or state of being rational; due exercise of reason; reasonableness.

rattan /ɹəˈtan/ /ɹəˈtæn/ /ˈɹatan/ rattans n
ratán
Any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus.
(by extension) A cane made from this material.

rattle /ˈɹæ.təl/ [ˈɹæ.tɫ̩] rattles n
gligín
A baby’s toy designed to make sound when shaken, usually containing loose grains or pellets in a hollow container. [from 16th c.]
gliogar
Rattling sound.

rattlesnake /ˈɹæt.əlˌsneɪk/ rattlesnakes n
nathair shligreach péist ghliogair
Any of various venomous American snakes, of genera Crotalus and Sistrurus, having a rattle at the end of its tail.

raucous /ˈɹɑkəs/ /ˈɹɔkəs/ /ˈɹɔːkəs/ more raucous most raucous adj
callánach
Harsh and rough-sounding.

ravel /ˈɹæv(ə)l/ /ˈɹævl̩/ v
rois
To unwind (a reel of thread, a skein of yarn, etc.); to pull apart (cloth, a seam, etc.); to fray, to unpick, to unravel; also, to pull out (a string of yarn, a thread, etc.) from a piece of fabric, or a skein or reel.

raven /ˈɹeɪvən/ ravens n
fiach dubh bran fiach
(countable) Any of several, generally large and lustrous black species of birds in the genus Corvus, especially the common raven, Corvus corax.

ravenous /ˈɹævənəs/ more ravenous most ravenous adj
aimirneach cíocrach gionach
Very hungry.

ravine /ɹəˈviːn/ ravines n
ailt altán
A deep narrow valley or gorge in the earth's surface worn by running water.

raving /ˈɹeɪvɪŋ/ ravings n
rámhaille
(usually, in the plural) Wild, incoherent, or irrational talk.

raw /ɹɑ/ /ɹɔ/ /ɹɔː/ rawer rawest adj
amh
(cooking) (of food) Not cooked. [from 9th c.]

raw material raw materials n
amhábhar bunábhar
A material in its unprocessed, natural state considered usable for manufacture.
amh-
(figuratively) Any physical product serving as input to a factory or other installation which processes it.

ray /ɹeɪ/ rays n
roc
A marine fish with a flat body, large wing-like fins, and a whip-like tail.
ga
(botany) A radiating part of a flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, such as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius.

razor /ˈɹeɪzə/ /ˈɹeɪzɚ/ razors n
rásúr
A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or other parts of the body.
Any tool or instrument designed for shaving.

razor blade razor blades n
lann rásúir
A replaceable cartridge in which razor blades are set, fitted into a razor.

razor clam razor clams n
scian mhara scianbhreallach
A clam of several species in superfamily Solenoidea, with long curved shells resembling straight razors.

razor strop razor strops n
leathar rásúir strapa rásúir
A broad, heavy leather strop, designed to whet a razor on

razor wire razor wires n
sreang rásúir
A form of securing wire similar to barbed wire, but with a series of short blades instead of barbs. Also, a length thereof.

razorbill razorbills n
crosán
A large black and white auk, Alca torda, native to the north Atlantic.

re /ɹeɪ/ n
ré
(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the second note of a major scale.

re- /ɹiː/ /ɹə/ /ɹɪ/ prefix
a- ath-
again, anew

reach /ɹiːt͡ʃ/ v
ionsaigh sroich
(transitive) To give to someone by stretching out a limb, especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another person; to hand over.
(transitive, by extension) To extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut.

reach for v
sroich
To try to get (something) by extending one's arm or moving one's hand.
To aspire to achieve.

react /ɹiːˈækt/ v
imoibrigh
(chemistry, intransitive) To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition.
(chemistry, transitive) To cause chemical agents to react; to cause one chemical agent to react with another.

reactance reactances n
imoibríocht
(physics, electrics) The opposition to the change in flow of current in an alternating current circuit, due to inductance and capacitance; the imaginary part of the impedance. Symbol: X.

reaction /ɹiˈækʃən/ reactions n
frithghníomhaíocht
An action or statement in response to a stimulus or other event.
imoibriú
(chemistry) A transformation in which one or more substances is converted into another by combination or decomposition.

reactive /ɹiːˈæktɪv/ more reactive most reactive adj
imoibríoch
(chemistry) that readily takes part in reactions

reactivity reactivities n
imoibríocht
(chemistry) relative susceptibility to chemical reaction

reactor /ɹiˈæktɚ/ /ɹiːˈæktə/ reactors n
soitheach imoibriúcháin
(chemistry, engineering) A structure used to contain chemical or other reactions.
imoibreoir
(nuclear physics) A device which uses atomic energy to produce heat.
(chemistry) A chemical substance which responds to the presence of, or contact with, another substance.

read /ɹid/ /ɹiːd/ v
léigh
(transitive, or, intransitive) To look at and interpret letters or other information that is written.
(transitive, or, intransitive) To speak aloud words or other information that is written. (often construed with a to phrase or an indirect object)
(transitive) To interpret, or infer a meaning, significance, thought, intention, etc., from.

read-only memory read-only memories n
cuimhne inléite amháin
(computing) A computer memory chip that stores values but does not allow updates, in which the values are nonvolatile in that they are retained even when the computer is unpowered.

reader /ˈɹidɚ/ /ˈɹiːdə/ readers n
léitheoir
A person who reads a publication.

readiness /ˈɹɛdinəs/ readinesses n
innealtacht oirchill éascaíocht
The state or degree of being ready; preparedness.

reading /ˈɹidiŋ/ /ˈɹiːdɪŋ/ [ˈɹiɾiŋ] [ˈɹiːɾɪŋ] readings n
léitheoireacht
The process of interpreting written language.

readminister v
athriar
(transitive) to administer again

ready /ˈɹɛd.i/ readier readiest adj
réidh ullamh
Prepared for immediate action or use.

real number real numbers n
réaduimhir
(mathematics) The limit of a convergent sequence of rational numbers, whether the limit is a rational number such as 2, -5, or 2/7 or whether the limit is an irrational number such as the square root of two or the circumference of the circle whose radius is one.

real-time /ˈɹiːltaɪm/ /ˈɹiːəltaɪm/ adj
fíor-ama
(computing) Of a system: that responds to events or signals within a predictable time after their occurrence; specifically the response time must be within the maximum allowed, but is typically synchronous.

realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzəm/ realisms n
réadúlacht
A concern for fact or reality and rejection of the impractical and visionary.

realist /ˈɹɪəlɪst/ realists n
réalaí
(philosophy) An advocate of realism; one who believes that matter, objects etc. have real existence beyond our perception of them.
réadúil
One who believes in seeing things the way they really are, as opposed to how they would like them to be.

realistic /ˌɹiːjəˈlɪstɪk/ /ˌɹɪəˈlɪstɪk/ more realistic most realistic adj
réadúil
Expressed or represented as being accurate, practicable, or not idealistic.
réalaíoch
Relating to the representation of objects, actions or conditions as they actually are or were.

reality /ɹiˈæləti/ /ɹiˈælɪti/ realities n
nithiúlacht réadúlacht
The state of being actual or real; realness.

realize /ˈɹi.ə.laɪz/ /ˈɹɪə.laɪz/ v
réadaigh
(transitive) To cause to seem real to other people.

really /ˈɹeɪlɪ/ /ˈɹi.əli/ /ˈɹili/ /ˈɹɪli/ /ˈɹɪə.li/ /ˈɹɪə.liː/ [-li] [ˈɹʷeə̯ɫiː] [ˈɹʷiə̯-] [ˈɹʷɪə̯lɪ] [ˈɹʷɪː-] more really most really adv
dáiríre
(modal) Actually; in fact; in reality.

really /ˈɹeɪlɪ/ /ˈɹi.əli/ /ˈɹili/ /ˈɹɪli/ /ˈɹɪə.li/ /ˈɹɪə.liː/ [-li] [ˈɹʷeə̯ɫiː] [ˈɹʷiə̯-] [ˈɹʷɪə̯lɪ] [ˈɹʷɪː-] interjection
go fírinneach
(informal) Indicating surprise at, or requesting confirmation of, some new information; to express skepticism.

realm /ɹɛlm/ realms n
flaitheas
(formal, or, legal) A territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king.

ream /ɹiːm/ reams n
réam
A bundle, package, or quantity of paper, nowadays usually containing 500 sheets.
uafás
(chiefly, in the plural) An abstract large amount of something.

reamer /ˈɹi.məɹ/ reamers n
fáiscire réamaire
A tool for boring a hole wider.

rear /ɹɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ɹɪə/ v
tóg
(transitive) To bring up to maturity, as offspring; to educate; to instruct; to foster.
(transitive, literary) To raise physically or metaphorically; to lift up; to cause to rise, to elevate.

rear-view mirror rear-view mirrors n
scáthán siar
A mirror inside a vehicle that allows the driver to see the traffic behind.

rearrange /ˌɹiːəˈɹeɪndʒ/ v
athordaigh
(transitive) To change the order or arrangement of (one or more items).

rearrangement rearrangements n
atheagar athordú
The process of rearranging.

reason /ˈɹiːzən/ reasons n
fáth ábhar
An excuse: a thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation.
ábhar fáth
That which causes something: an efficient cause, a proximate cause.
réasún
(uncountable) Rational thinking (or the capacity for it); the cognitive faculties, collectively, of conception, judgment, deduction and intuition.

reasonable /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bəl/ /ˈɹiːz.nə.bəl/ [ˈɹɪiz.nə.bəl] more reasonable most reasonable adj
ciallmhar réasúnta
Just; fair; agreeable to reason.
réasúnta
Not expensive; fairly priced.

reasonableness /ˈɹiː.zə.nə.bəl.nəs/ /ˈɹiːz.nə.bəl.nəs/ [ˈɹɪiz.nə.bəl.nəs] reasonablenesses n
réasún réasúntacht
(uncountable) The state or characteristic of being reasonable.

reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/ /ˈɹiːz.nə.bli/ more reasonably most reasonably adv
réasúnta
Quite; fairly; satisfactorily.

reave /ɹiːv/ v
creach
(archaic) To plunder, pillage, rob, pirate, or remove.

rebab /ɹɪˈbæb/ rebabs n
reabab
(musical instruments) A stringed musical instrument, related to the lute, used especially in Islamic countries

rebellious /ɹəˈbɛliəs/ /ɹəˈbɛljəs/ more rebellious most rebellious adj
easumhal
Showing rebellion.

rebelliousness n
ceannairceacht easumhlaíocht reibiliúnacht éiritheacht
The state of being rebellious.

rebound /ɹiˈbaʊnd/ /ˈɹi.baʊnd/ rebounds n
athléim athphreab
The recoil of an object bouncing off another.

rebound /ɹiˈbaʊnd/ /ˈɹi.baʊnd/ v
athléim athphreab
To bound or spring back from a force.

rebuild /ɹiːˈbɪld/ /ˈɹiːbɪld/ v
atóg
(ambitransitive) To build again or anew.

rebuilding rebuildings n
atógáil
The act of building something again.

rebuke /ɹiˈbjuːk/ /ɹɪˈbjuːk/ rebukes n
aifirt spreagadh
(of a person) A harsh criticism.

rebuke /ɹiˈbjuːk/ /ɹɪˈbjuːk/ v
aifir spreag
(of a person) To criticise harshly; to reprove.

rebut /ɹɪ.ˈbʊt/ /ɹɪ.ˈbʌt/ v
bréagnaigh diúltaigh
To deny the truth of something, especially by presenting arguments that disprove it.

recapitulate /ɹiːkəˈpɪtʃʊleɪt/ v
achoimrigh
(ambitransitive) To summarize or repeat in concise form.

recapitulation /ɹiː.kəˌpɪ.t͡ʃəˈleɪ.ʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɹiːkəˌpɪtjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ recapitulations n
achoimriú
(theology) The symmetry provided by Christ's life to the teachings of the Old Testament; the summation of human experience in Jesus Christ.

recede /ɹɪˈsiːd/ v
cúlaigh téigh ar gcúl
To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.

receipt /ɹɪˈsiːt/ receipts n
fáltas
(in the plural) A quantity or amount received; takings.
admháil
A written acknowledgment that a specified article or sum of money has been received.

receive /ɹɪˈsiːv/ v
faigh
To take, as something that is offered, given, committed, sent, paid, etc.; to accept; to be given something.

receiver /ɹəˈsi.vɚ/ /ɹɪˈsiː.və/ receivers n
gabhdán
(chemistry) A vessel for receiving and holding the products of distillation, or for containing gases. [from 16th c.]

recension /ɹɪˈsɛnʃ(ə)n/ [-ˈsɛ̃n(t̚)ʃn̩] [ɹ̠ʷɪ̈ˈsɛ̃n(t̚)ʃə̃n] recensions n
atheagar athleagan
A critical revision of a text.
A text established by critical revision.

recent /ˈɹiːsənt/ more recent most recent adj
deireanach
Having happened a short while ago.

recently /ˈɹiːsəntli/ more recently most recently adv
le déanaí
In the recent past

recentness n
déanaí
The characteristic of being recent.

receptacle /ɹi-/ /ɹəˈsɛp.tə.k(ə)l/ /ɹɪˈsɛp.tə.kl̩/ receptacles n
coimeádán gabhdán gabháltóir glac
A container.

reception /ɹɪˈsɛp.ʃn̩/ receptions n
glacadh
(uncountable, electronics) The act or ability to receive radio or similar signals.
deasc fáiltithe
The desk of a hotel or office where guests are received.

receptionist /ɹɪˈsep.ʃə.nɪst/ /ɹɪˈsɛp.ʃə.nɪst/ receptionists n
fáilteoir
An employee (such as a secretary) who works in reception (receiving visitors and/or calls) for a person or business, especially an office.

receptive /ɹəˈsɛptɪv/ /ɹɪˈsɛptɪv/ more receptive most receptive adj
gabhálach glacach
Capable of receiving something.
gabhálach
Ready to receive something, especially new concepts or ideas.

receptiveness receptivenesses n
gabhálacht
the characteristic of being receptive

receptivity receptivities n
gabhálacht
(uncountable) The state of being receptive.

receptor /ɹɪˈsep.tə/ /ɹɪˈsɛp.tə/ /ɹɪˈsɛp.tɚ/ receptors n
gabhdóir
(biochemistry, medicine) A protein on a cell wall that binds with specific molecules so that they can be absorbed into the cell in order to control certain functions.
(biology) Any specialized cell or structure that responds to sensory stimuli.

recess /ɹiˈsɛs/ /ɹəˈsɛs/ /ɹɪˈsɛs/ /ˈɹiˌsɛs/ /ˈɹiːsɛs/ recesses n
clúid
(countable) An act of retiring or withdrawing from public life, society, etc.; also, an act of living in retirement or seclusion, or a period of such retirement or seclusion.

recession /ɹɪˈsɛʃn̩/ recessions n
cúlú
(economics) A period of reduced economic activity

recipe /ˈɹɛs.ə.pi/ /ˈɹɛs.ɪ.pi/ recipes n
oideas
Now especially, a set of instructions for making or preparing food dishes. [from 18th c.]

recitation /ˌɹɛsəˈteɪʃən/ recitations n
aithriseoireacht reacaireacht
The act of publicly reciting something previously memorized.

recitative /ɹɛsɪtəˈtiːv/ /ɹɛˈsaɪtətɪv/ /ˈɹɛsɪteɪtɪv/ recitatives n
ceolreacaireacht reacaireacht
(music) dialogue, in an opera etc, that, rather than being sung as an aria, is reproduced with the rhythms of normal speech, often with simple musical accompaniment or harpsichord continuo, serving to expound the plot.

reciter reciters n
aithriseoir
One who recites.

reckless /ˈɹɛkləs/ more reckless most reckless recklesser recklessest adj
meargánta neamhchúramach ráscánta
Careless or heedless; headstrong or rash.

recluse /ɹɪˈkluːs/ /ˈɹɛkluːs/ recluses n
ancaire aonarán
A person who lives in self-imposed isolation or seclusion from the world, especially for religious purposes; a hermit

reclusive /ɹɪˈkluːsɪv/ more reclusive most reclusive adj
aonarach
Of, characterized by, or preferring privacy and isolation; secluded.

recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃən/ recognitions n
aitheantas
The act of recognizing or the condition of being recognized (matching a current observation with a memory of a prior observation of the same entity).

recognizable more recognizable most recognizable adj
so-aitheanta
able to be recognized

recognizance recognizances n
cúirtbhanna
(legal) A form of bail; a promise made by the accused to the court that they will attend all required judicial proceedings and will not engage in further illegal activity or other prohibited conduct as set by the court.
coraíocht
A token; a symbol; a pledge.

recognize /ˈɹɛk.ən.aɪz/ /ˈɹɛk.əɡ.naɪz/ /ˈɹɛk.ɪɡ.naɪz/ v
aithin
(transitive) To match (something or someone which one currently perceives) to a memory of some previous encounter with the same person or thing.

recoil /ɹɪˈkɔɪl/ /ˈɹiːkɔɪl/ v
frithbhuail
(weaponry) Of a firearm: to quickly push back when fired.

recombination recombinations n
ath-chomhcheangal

reconnoiter /ˌɹɛkəˈnɔɪtə/ /ˌɹɛkəˈnɔɪtɚ/ [ˌɹʷɛkəˈnɔɪ̯tʰə] [ˌɹˠɛkəˈnɔɪ̯ɾɚ] reconnoiters n
taiscéalaíocht
(American spelling) An act or instance of reconnoitering.

reconnoiter /ˌɹɛkəˈnɔɪtə/ /ˌɹɛkəˈnɔɪtɚ/ [ˌɹʷɛkəˈnɔɪ̯tʰə] [ˌɹˠɛkəˈnɔɪ̯ɾɚ] v
taiscéalaíocht a dhéanamh
(American spelling, transitive, intransitive, military) To perform a reconnaissance (of an area; an enemy position); to scout with the aim of acquiring information.

reconsideration reconsiderations n
athmhachnamh
the act of reconsidering or something reconsidered

reconstruction reconstructions n
athdhéanamh
The act of restoring something to an earlier state.

record /ˈɹɛk.ɔɹd/ /ˈɹɛk.ɔːd/ /ˈɹɛk.ɚd/ records n
cuntas taifead tuairisc
An item of information put into a temporary or permanent physical medium.
Any instance of a physical medium on which information was put for the purpose of preserving it and making it available for future reference.
ceirnín
Ellipsis of phonograph record: a disc, usually made from vinyl, on which sound is recorded and may be replayed on a phonograph.
curiarracht
The most extreme known value of some variable, particularly that of an achievement in competitive events.

record /ɹɨˈkɔːd/ /ɹɪˈkɔɹd/ v
taifead
(transitive) To make a record of information.
(transitive) To make an audio or video recording of.
(intransitive) To make an audio, video, or multimedia recording.

recorder /ɹi.ˈkɔɹ.dəɹ/ /ɹi.ˈkɔː.də/ /ɹə-/ recorders n
taifeadán
An apparatus for recording; a device which records.

recording recordings n
taifeadadh
A reproduction of sound, video, etc., stored in a permanent medium.

recovery /ɹəˈkʌvəɹi/ /ɹəˈkʌvɹi/ /ɹɪˈkʌvəɹi/ /ɹɪˈkʌvɹi/ recoveries n
aisghabháil
The act or process of regaining or repossession of something lost.
biseach
A return to normal health.

recruit /ɹɪˈkɹut/ /ɹɪˈkɹuːt/ recruits n
earcach
A person enlisted for service in the army; a newly enlisted soldier.
A hired worker

recruit /ɹɪˈkɹut/ /ɹɪˈkɹuːt/ v
earcaigh
To enroll or enlist new members or potential employees on behalf of an employer, organization, sports team, the military, etc.
To supply with new men, as an army; to fill up or make up by enlistment; also, to muster

recruitment /rɪˈkruːt.mənt / recruitments n
earcaíocht
The process or art of finding candidates for a post in an organization, or recruits for the armed forces.

rectal /ˈrɛk.təl/ adj
reicteach
Of, via or related to the rectum.

rectangle /ˈrɛktæŋɡl̩/ rectangles n
dronuilleog
(geometry) Any quadrilateral having opposing sides parallel and four right angles.

rectify /ˈɹɛktəˌfaɪ/ v
ceartaigh
(transitive) To restore (someone or something) to its proper condition; to straighten out, to set right. [from 16th c.]

rectilinear /ˌɹɛktɪˈlɪniɚ/ /ˌɹɛktɪˈlɪnɪə/ more rectilinear most rectilinear adj
dronlíneach
In a straight line.

rector /ˈɹɛktə/ /ˈɹɛktɚ/ rectors n
reachtaire
In the Anglican Church, a cleric in charge of a parish and who owns the tithes of it.
(Eastern Orthodoxy, uncommon) A priest or bishop in the Orthodox Church who is in charge of a parish or in an administrative leadership position in a theological seminary or academy.
uachtarán
A headmaster or headmistress in various educational institutions, e.g., a university.

rectorate rectorates n
reachtaireacht
The office of a rector.

rectum /ˈɹɛktəm/ /ˈɹɛkˌtʌm/ recta rectums n
athán driseachán reicteam
(anatomy) The terminal part of the large intestine through which feces pass after exiting the colon, but before leaving the body through the anus.

recuperation recuperations n
biseach
Instance of getting something back.

recur /ɹɪˈkɜː(ɹ)/ v
athfhill fill
(obsolete) To go to a location again; to return (to a place).

recurrent adj
athfhillteach
Recurring; happening time after time.

recurring /rɪˈkəːrɪŋ/ more recurring most recurring adj
athfhillteach
Happening or occurring frequently, with repetition.

recycling recyclings n
athchúrsáil
The practice of sorting and collecting waste materials for new use.

red /ɹɛd/ [ɻʷɛˑd̥] more red most red redder reddest adj
rua dearg
(of hair) Having an orange-brown or orange-blond colour; ginger.
dearg rua
(of a, dog, or, its coat) Having a brown color.
deargach dearg
Left-wing parties and movements, chiefly socialist or communist, including the U.K. Labour party and the Social Democratic Party of Germany.

red /ɹɛd/ [ɻʷɛˑd̥] reds n
dearg rua
(countable, and, uncountable) The colour of the setting sun; the colour which is evoked by the longest visible wavelengths (between about 625–740 nm), and a primary additive colour.

red blood cell red blood cells n
eiritricít fuilchill dhearg
(hematology, cytology) A type of cell in the blood of vertebrates that contains hemoglobin and transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues; an erythrocyte.

red clover red clovers n
seamair chapaill seamair dhearg
A clover (Trifolium pratense), with red flowers, found in Europe, Asia and North America.

red currant /ˈɹɛdˌkɜɹənt/ /ˈɹɛdˌkʌɹənt/ red currants n
cuirín dearg
A deciduous shrub, Ribes rubrum, native to western Europe; any of certain cultivars of the shrub.
The bright red translucent edible berry of this plant.

red dead man's fingers n
méara mara
A soft coral (Alcyonium palmatum).

red deer red deer red deers n
fia rua
A species of large deer, Cervus elaphus, found in Europe and southwestern Asia.

red dwarf red dwarfs n
abhac dearg
(star) A small, relatively cool star of the main sequence.

red fescue red fescues n
feisciú dearg
a grass plant, Festuca rubra, with green, red, or blue-green flowers, found in Europe, Asia and North America.

red giant red giants n
fathach dearg
(star) A large red coloured star with a lower surface temperature than many stars, being at the final stage of moderately massive main-sequence stars.

red grouse red grouse n
cearc fhraoigh coileach fraoigh
A medium-sized bird, Lagopus lagopus scotica, of the grouse family, found in heather moorland in Great Britain and Ireland.

red kangaroo red kangaroos n
cangarú rua
A large kangaroo, Osphranter rufus, found in the desert areas of Australia.

red kite red kites n
cúr rua
A predator bird of the kite (Accipitridae) family, Milvus milvus.

red light red lights n
solas dearg
A warning light, especially as a traffic signal indicating stop.

red meat red meats n
feoil dhearg feoil fhola
Meats such as beef that are dark red in colour when uncooked.

red panda red pandas n
panda rua
An omnivorous mammal, Ailurus fulgens, native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia, which has dark red fur and a ringed tail.

red pepper red peppers n
piobar dearg
A red-colored, ripe, bell or sweet pepper. Unripe peppers of this variety are green and edible but not as sweet.

red phalarope red phalaropes n
falaróp gobmhór
Phalaropus fulicarius, a small wading bird.

red squirrel red squirrels n
iora rua
Sciurus vulgaris (Eurasian red squirrel), common in Europe and Asia.

red supergiant red supergiants n
ollfhathach dearg
(star) A very large, red star, such as Betelgeuse and Antares.

red wine red wines n
fíon dearg
Red-coloured wine made mostly from black grapes, including the skin.

red-flanked bluetail red-flanked bluetails n
earrghorm rua-chliathánach
Tarsiger cyanurus, an Old World flycatcher

redaction /ɹəˈdækʃən/ redactions n
atheagrú eagrán
(countable) Edited or censored version of a document.
cuir in eagar
(uncountable) The process of editing or censoring.

reddish /ˈɹɛdɪʃ/ more reddish most reddish adj
scothdhearg
Somewhat red.

redeem /ɹɪˈdiːm/ v
fuascail
(transitive) To recover ownership of something by buying it back.
(transitive) To liberate by payment of a ransom.
(transitive) To set free by force.
(transitive, finance) To convert (some bond or security) into cash
slánaigh
(transitive) To save from a state of sin (and from its consequences).

redemption /ɹɪˈdɛmpʃən/ redemptions n
slánú
The act of redeeming or something redeemed.
Salvation from sin.
fuascailt
The recovery, for a fee, of a pawned article.
Rescue upon payment of a ransom.

redhead /ˈɹɛdˌhɛd/ redheads n
bean rua fear rua rua
A person with red hair.

redheaded adj
rua ceannrua fionnrua foltrua ruafholtach
(of a person) Having red hair.

rediscover v
athaimsigh
(transitive) To discover again; especially something previously lost or forgotten.

rediscovery rediscoveries n
athaimsiú
The act of rediscovering.

redoubtable /ɹɪˈdaʊ.tə.bəl/ more redoubtable most redoubtable adj
forránta mórghníomhach
Eliciting respect or fear; imposing; awe-inspiring.

redshank redshanks n
cosdeargán
Any of two species of Old World wading bird in the genus Tringa that have long red legs.

redstart redstarts n
earrdheargán
Any of various insectivorous ground-feeding birds, mainly of the genus Phoenicurus. Many of the species have a red tail.

reduce /ɹɪˈd(j)us/ /ɹɪˈdjuːs/ /ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːs/ v
laghdaigh ísligh
(transitive) To bring down the size, quantity, quality, value or intensity of something; to diminish, to lower.
ísligh
(transitive) To bring to an inferior rank; to degrade, to demote.
(transitive) To humble; to conquer; to subdue; to capture.

reduction /ɹiˈdɑk.ʃən/ /ɹɪˈdʌkʃən/ reductions n
laghdú
The act, process, or result of reducing.

redundant /ɹɪˈdan.dənt/ /ɹɪˈdʌn.dənt/ more redundant most redundant adj
iomarcach
Superfluous; exceeding what is necessary, no longer needed.

redwater fever n
an bhroinne dhearg
(medicine, obsolete) A kind of fever borne by ticks, especially in cattle.

reed /ɹiːd/ reeds n
biorrach giolcach
(countable) Any of various types of tall stiff perennial grass-like plants growing together in groups near water.
feag geocán
(countable, music) Part of the mouthpiece of certain woodwind instruments, comprising a thin piece of wood or metal which shakes very quickly to produce sound when a musician blows over it.

reed bed reed beds n
sraith ghiolcach
A place where reeds grow.

reed bunting reed buntings n
gealóg ghiolcaí
A passerine bird, Emberiza schoeniclus, sparrow-sized but slim and with a long, deeply notched tail.

reef /ɹiːf/ reefs n
scairbh scoth
A chain or range of rocks, sand, or coral lying at or near the surface of the water.

reef knot reef knots n
snaidhm chúrsála
A knot used to securely tie two pieces of rope together, or to reef sails.

reef point reef points n
ribín seoil
(nautical) A short line, stitched through a sail, for tying a reef

reel /ɹiːl/ /ˈɹiːəl/ reels n
cor ríl
(music) The music of this dance; often called a Scottish (or Scotch) reel.
roithleán
A kind of spool, turning on an axis, on which yarn, threads, lines, or the like, are wound.

reenact /ɹi.ənækt/ /ɹi.ɛnækt/ /ɹi.ɪnækt/ v
athachtaigh
To enact again.
athléirigh
To recreate an event, especially a historical battle.

reexport v
atheaspórtáil athonnmhairigh
to export again; to export something that has been imported

refection /ɹɪˈfɛkʃən/ refections n
raisín
A meal, especially a light meal.

refectory /ɹɪˈfɛkt(ə)ɹi/ refectories n
proinnteach
A dining hall, especially in an institution such as a college or monastery.

referee /ˌɹɛf.əˈɹiː/ /ˌɹɛfəˈɹiː/ referees n
moltóir réiteoir
(sports) An umpire or judge; an official who makes sure the rules are followed during a game.
measúnóir
A person who settles a dispute.
An expert who judges the manuscript of an article or book to decide if it should be published.
measúnóir moltóir
(UK) A person who writes a letter of reference or provides a reference by phone call for someone. US English: reference.

referendum /ˌɹɛfəˈɹɛndəm/ referenda referendums n
reifreann
(politics) A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment. (The adposition on is usually used before the related subject of the vote.)

refill /ˌɹiːˈfɪl/ v
athlíon
To fill up once again.

refined /ɹiːfaɪnd/ more refined most refined adj
galánta
Cultured, freed from vulgarity, particularly:

reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ v
frithchaith
athfhill
(transitive) To bend back (light, etc.) from a surface.
(intransitive) To be bent back (light, etc.) from a surface.

reflection /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/ reflections n
frithchaitheamh
The act of reflecting or the state of being reflected.
scáil
Something, such as an image, that is reflected.
athmhachnamh
Careful thought or consideration.

reflective /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/ more reflective most reflective adj
frithchaiteach
That reflects, or redirects back to the source.
cuimhneach
Pondering, especially thinking back on the past.

reflector /ɹɪˈflɛktə(ɹ)/ reflectors n
frithchaiteoir
Something which reflects heat, light or sound, especially something having a reflecting surface.

reflexive /ɹəˈflɛksɪv/ adj
aisfhillteach frithluaileach
(grammar) Referring back to the subject, or having an object equal to the subject.

reflux /ˈɹiː.flʌks/ refluxes n
aife
(chemistry) A technique, using a reflux condenser, allowing one to boil the contents of a vessel over an extended period.

refold /ɹiːˈfoʊld/ v
athfhill
To fold again.

reform /ɹəˈfɔɹm/ /ɹɪˈfɔɹm/ /ɹɪˈfɔːm/ /ˌɹiːˈfɔɹm/ /ˌɹiːˈfɔːm/ reforms n
leasú
The change of something that is defective, broken, inefficient or otherwise negative, in order to correct or improve it

reform /ɹəˈfɔɹm/ /ɹɪˈfɔɹm/ /ɹɪˈfɔːm/ /ˌɹiːˈfɔɹm/ /ˌɹiːˈfɔːm/ v
leasaigh
(transitive) To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better.

reform school reform schools n
scoil cheartúcháin
(dated) A penal institution for juveniles, especially males.

reformer reformers n
leasaitheoir
One who reforms, or who works for reform.

refract v
athraon
(transitive, optics) To cause (light) to change direction as a result of entering a different medium.

refractometry refractometries n
athraonmhéadracht
(physics) the measurement of refractive index

refrain /ɹɪˈfɹeɪn/ refrains n
loinneog
The chorus or burden of a song repeated at the end of each verse or stanza.

refresh /ɹiˈfɹɛʃ/ /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/ v
beoigh
(transitive) To renew or revitalize.

refrigeration refrigerations n
cuisniú
The process of transferring heat from an object in order to cool it.
The process of preserving something by cooling.

refrigerator /ɹəˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪɾɚ/ /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪtə/ /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪɾɚ/ refrigerators n
cuisneoir
A household or commercial appliance used for keeping food fresh by refrigeration (short form fridge).

refuge /ˈɹɛfjuːd͡ʒ/ refuges n
tearmann
A state of safety, protection or shelter.
A place providing safety, protection or shelter.

refund /ɹɪˈfʌnd/ /ˈɹiːfʌnd/ refunds n
aisíoc
An amount of money returned.

refund /ɹɪˈfʌnd/ /ˈɹiːfʌnd/ v
aisíoc
(transitive) To return (money) to (someone); to reimburse.

refusal /ɹɪˈfjuːzl̩/ refusals n
éaradh eiteach
The act of refusing.

refuse /ˈɹɛfjuːs/ n
bruscar dríodar fuílleach
Collectively, items or material that have been discarded; rubbish, garbage.

refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/ v
eitigh éar
(transitive) To decline (a request or demand).

refutation refutations n
bréagnú
An act of refuting or disproving; the disproving of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine or theory by argument or countervailing proof; evidence of falseness.

refuter refuters n
bréagnaitheoir
A person who refutes with an argument or example.

regal /ˈɹiːɡəl/ more regal most regal adj
ríoga
Of or relating to royalty.
Befitting a king, or emperor.

regard /ɹɪˈɡɑɹd/ /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/ v
dearc ar
(transitive) To consider, look upon (something) in a given way etc. [from 16th c.]

regency /ˈɹiːd͡ʒənsi/ regencies n
leasríocht
A system of government that substitutes for the reign of a king or queen when that king or queen becomes unable to rule.

regenerate /ɹiːˈd͡ʒɛnəɹeɪt/ v
athghin
(transitive) To construct or create anew, especially in an improved manner.
(transitive) To revitalize.

regeneration regenerations n
athghiniúint
Rebuilding or restructuring; large scale repair or renewal; revitalisation.

regent /ˈɹiːd͡ʒənt/ regents n
leasrí
One who rules in place of the monarch, especially because the monarch is too young, absent, or disabled. [from 15th c.]

regicide /ˈɹɛd͡ʒəsaɪd/ regicides n
rímharfóir
One who kills a king. [from 1540s]

regime /ɹeɪˈʒiːm/ /ɹəˈʒiːm/ /ˈɹeɪʒiːm/ regimes n
réimeas
A form of government, or the government in power, particularly an authoritarian or totalitarian one.

regiment /ˈɹɛd͡ʒɪmənt/ regiments n
reisimint
(military) A unit of armed troops under the command of an officer, and consisting of several smaller units; now specifically, usually composed of two or more battalions. [from 16th c.]

register /ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tə/ /ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚ/ registers n
sainréim teanga
(linguistics) A style of a language used in a particular context.

registered trademark registered trademarks n
trádmharc cláraithe
A trademark that has been officially registered with the government by its owner. Indicated by the symbol ®.

regress /ɹɪˈɡɹɛs/ /ˈɹiːˌɡɹɛs/ v
aischéimnigh cúlaigh téigh ar gcúl
(intransitive) To move backwards to an earlier stage; to devolve.

regression /ɹiːˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/ /ɹəˈɡɹeʃ.ən/ /ɹəˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/ /ɹɪˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/ regressions n
aischéimniú
An action of regressing, a return to a previous state.
cúlú
(statistics) An analytic method to measure the association of one or more independent variables with a dependent variable.

regressive more regressive most regressive adj
aischéimnitheach cúlchéimnitheach
That tends to return, revert or regress.
(of a tax) Whose rate decreases as the taxed amount increases.

regret /ɹiˈɡɹɛt/ /ɹəˈɡɹɛt/ /ɹɪˈɡɹɛt/ regrets n
aiféala
Emotional pain on account of something done or experienced in the past, with a wish that it had been different; a looking back with dissatisfaction or with longing.
(decision theory) The amount of avoidable loss that results from choosing the wrong action.

regretful more regretful most regretful adj
aiféalach
Full of feelings of regret, indulging in regrets.

regroup /ɹiːˈɡɹuːp/ /ˈɹiːɡɹuːp/ v
athghrúpáil
(intransitive) To pause and get organized again.

regular /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/ /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/ /ˈɹɛɡ.l̩ɚ/ [ˈɹɛɡ.jɪ̈.lɚ] [ˈɹɛɡ.l̩ɚ] more regular most regular adj
rialta
(Christianity) Bound by religious rule; belonging to a monastic or religious order (often as opposed to secular). [from 14th c.]
Having a constant pattern; showing evenness of form or appearance. [from 15th c.]
Demonstrating a consistent set of rules; showing order, evenness of operation or occurrence. [from 16th c.]
Happening at constant (especially short) intervals. [from 17th c.]
(grammar, of a verb, plural, etc) Following a set or common pattern; according to the normal rules of a given language. [from 17th c.]

regularity /ˌɹɛɡjuˈlæɹəti/ regularities n
rialtacht
(uncountable) The condition or quality of being regular

regulation /ˌɹɛɡjəˈleɪʃən/ /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/ regulations n
riail
(uncountable) The act of regulating or the condition of being regulated.
(European Union law) A form of legislative act which is self-effecting, and requires no further intervention by the Member States to become law.

regulator /ˈɹɛɡ.ju.leɪ.tɚ/ /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪ.tə/ /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪ.tɚ/ /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.leɪ.tə/ regulators n
rialtán
A device that controls or limits something.

rehash /ɹiːˈhæʃ/ /ˈɹiːˌhæʃ/ rehashes n
athabláil
Something reworked, or made up from old materials.

reign /ɹeɪn/ reigns n
réim
The exercise of sovereign power.
réimeas
The period during which a monarch rules.

reindeer /ˈɹeɪndɪə/ /ˈɹeɪndɪɹ/ reindeer reindeers n
réinfhia
(plural: reindeer) Any Arctic and subarctic-dwelling deer of the species Rangifer tarandus, with a number of subspecies.

reinforce /ˌɹi.ɪnˈfɔɹs/ /ˌɹiː.ɪnˈfoːs/ /ˌɹiː.ɪnˈfɔːs/ v
athneartaigh
neartaigh le treisigh
(transitive) To strengthen, especially by addition or augmentation.

reinforced concrete reinforced concretes n
coincréit threisithe
A building material made from Portland cement concrete with a matrix of steel bars or wires (rebars) to increase its tensile strength.

reinforcement /ˌɹiːɪnˈfɔː(ɹ)smənt/ reinforcements n
athneartú
(uncountable) The act, process, or state of reinforcing or being reinforced.

reject /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɹiː.d͡ʒɛkt/ v
eitigh
(transitive) To refuse to accept.

rejection /ɹəˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ rejections n
dearadh
The act of rejecting.

rejuvenate /ɹiːˈd͡ʒuːvəneɪt/ /ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːvəneɪt/ v
athnuaigh
To render young again.

rejuvenation rejuvenations n
athnuachan
The process of rendering young again.

related /ɹɪˈleɪtɪd/ more related most related adj
gaolmhar
Standing in relation or connection.
Being a relative of.

relationship /ɹɪˈleɪ.ʃənˌʃɪp/ [ɹɪˈleɪ.ʃn̩ˌʃɪp] relationships n
baint comhchaidreamh gaolmhaireacht
Connection or association; the condition of being related.
cleamhnas gaol gaolmhaireacht
Kinship; being related by blood or marriage.
baint
A romantic or sexual involvement.

relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/ [tʰ] [ɾ] [ˈɹɛl.ə.tʰɪv.li] [ˈɹɛl.ə.tʰɪv] [ˈɹɛl.ə.ɾɪv] relatives n
gaol duine muinteartha
Someone connected by blood, marriage, or adoption; someone in the same family.

relative atomic mass n
mais adamhach choibhneasta
(physics) The ratio of the average mass per atom of the naturally occurring form of an element to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. Symbol Ar; abbreviation RAM or r.a.m. For elements with several isotopes, the most stable isotope is treated as the representative.

relative pronoun relative pronouns n
forainm coibhneasta
(grammar) A pronoun that introduces a relative clause and refers to an antecedent. In English, some words that can be used as interrogative pronouns can alternatively be used as relative pronouns: which, who, whose, whom and (non-standard) what. The other English relative pronouns are whoever, whomever, whatever, and that.

relativism relativisms n
coibhneasacht
(uncountable, philosophy) The theory, especially in ethics or aesthetics, that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them.

relativity /ɹɛləˈtɪvɪti/ /ˌɹɛləˈtɪvɪti/ [-ɾi] relativities n
coibhneasacht
(uncountable) The state of being relative to something else; the absence of universally applicable rules or standards; relativism; (countable) an instance of this.
(specifically) Also Einsteinian relativity: the reliance of the nature of physical phenomena (such as gravity, light, mass, and time) on the relative motion between an observer and the thing observed, as developed by Albert Einstein in two theories, special relativity and general relativity.
coibhneasacht gaolmhaireacht
(uncountable, physics) Short for principle of relativity (“the principle that the laws of physics should be the same for all observers”).

relax /ɹɪˈlæks/ v
lig do scíth
(transitive) To calm down.

release /ɹiˈliːs/ /ɹəˈliːs/ /ɹɪˈliːs/ releases n
scaoilteán
ligean scaoil amach
The event of setting (someone or something) free (e.g. hostages, slaves, prisoners, caged animals, hooked or stuck mechanisms).

release /ɹiˈliːs/ /ɹəˈliːs/ /ɹɪˈliːs/ v
scaoil scaoil amach scaoil de
To let go (of); to cease to hold or contain.
scaoil amach
To free or liberate; to set free.
scaoil
(legal) To let go, as a legal claim; to discharge or relinquish a right to, as lands or tenements, by conveying to another who has some right or estate in possession, as when the person in remainder releases his right to the tenant in possession; to quit.
To loosen; to relax; to remove the obligation of.
(intransitive) to launch; to come out; to become available.

relentless /ɹɪˈlɛntləs/ more relentless most relentless adj
gan staonadh
Unrelenting or unyielding in severity.
síorleanúnach
Unremitting, steady and persistent.

relentlessness /ɹɪˈlɛntləsnəs/ n
aindiúid
The condition of being relentless.

relevance /ˈɹɛl.ə.vən(t)s/ /ˈɹɛl.ɪ.vən(t)s/ relevances n
ábharthacht
The property or state of being relevant or pertinent.

relevant /ˈɹɛləvənt/ more relevant most relevant adj
ábhartha
Related, connected, or pertinent to a topic.

reliability reliabilities n
dílseacht
The quality of being reliable, dependable, or trustworthy.

relic /ˈɹɛlɪk/ relics n
taise
(religion) A part of the body of a saint, or an ancient religious object, kept for veneration.

relief /ɹɪˈliːf/ reliefs n
faoiseamh
The removal of stress or discomfort.
rilíf
(uncountable) A method of sculpture or other artwork in which shapes or figures protrude from a flat background.
(heraldry) The supposed projection of a charge from the surface of a field, indicated by shading on the sinister and lower sides.
fuascailt
Aid or assistance offered in time of need.

relief map relief maps n
léarscáil rilífe mapa rilífe
(cartography) A map that shows the three-dimensional topography of terrain, usually by use of contours but sometimes with colors or by hatching.

relieve /ɹɪˈliːv/ v
fuascail
(transitive) To bring military help to (a besieged town); to lift the siege on. [from 16th c.]

relight v
athlas
(ambitransitive) To light or kindle anew.

religion /ɹɪˈlɪd͡ʒən/ religions n
creideamh reiligiún
(uncountable) Belief in a spiritual or metaphysical reality (often including at least one deity), accompanied by practices or rituals pertaining to the belief.

religiosity /ɹɪˌlɪd͡ʒɪˈɑsəti/ /ɹɪˌlɪd͡ʒɪˈɒsɪti/ religiosities n
reiligiúnacht
The quality of being religious or pious, especially when zealous.

relinquish /ɹɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ/ v
tabhair suas
(transitive) To give up, abandon or retire from something. To trade away.

reliquary /ˈɹɛlɪkwəɹi/ /ˈɹɛlɪkwɛɹi/ reliquaries n
cathach taiseagán
A container to hold or display religious relics.

relish /ˈɹɛl.ɪʃ/ relishes n
anlann anlann goinbhlasta
A cooked or pickled sauce, usually made with vegetables or fruits, generally used as a condiment.

reluctance /ɹɪˈlʌktəns/ reluctances n
drogall leisce mífhonn
Unwillingness to do something.
leisce
Hesitancy in taking some action.

reluctant /ɹɪˈlʌktənt/ more reluctant most reluctant adj
aimhleasc aimhleisciúil deacair dochma drogallach iarmhartach
Not wanting to take some action; unwilling to do something.

rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/ v
bí ag brath ar cuir muinín i muinín a bheith agat as
(with on or upon, formerly also with in) to trust; to have confidence in; to depend.

rely on v
dóchas a bheith agat as iontaoibh a bheith agat as téigh i muinín

remainder /ɹəˈmeɪndə/ /ɹəˈmeɪndɚ/ /ɹɪˈmeɪndə/ remainders n
fuílleach
A part or parts remaining after some has/have been removed or already occurred.
(mathematics) The amount left over after subtracting the divisor as many times as possible from the dividend without producing a negative result. If n (dividend) and d (divisor) are integers, then n can always be expressed in the form n = dq + r, where q (quotient) and r (remainder) are also integers and 0 ≤ r &#60; d.

remains /ɹɪˈmeɪnz/ n
taisí
The body or any of its matter that are left after a person (or any organism) dies; a corpse.
All that is left of the stock of some things; remnants.

remarkable /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbl̩/ /ɹɪˈmɑːkəbl̩/ more remarkable most remarkable adj
ar leith
Worthy of remark; notable; interesting.

remedy /ˈɹɛmədi/ remedies n
leigheas
Something that corrects or counteracts.

remember /ɹəˈmɛmbɚ/ /ɹɪˈmɛmbə/ /ɹɪˈmɛmbɚ/ /ˈmɛmbɚ/ /ˈɹɛmbɚ/ /ˈɹɪmbɚ/ v
is cuimhin le cuimhne a bheith agat ar cuimhnigh ar
To recall from one's memory; to have an image in one's memory.

remind /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ /ɹɪˈmaɪnd/ v
cuir i gcuimhne meabhraigh
(transitive) To cause one to experience a memory (of someone or something); to bring to the notice or consideration (of a person).

remissness /ɹɪˈmɪsnɪs/ remissnesses n
amaoile faillí mainneachtain neamart sleamchúis éislis
The characteristic of being remiss

remnant /ˈɹɛmnənt/ remnants n
fuílleach
The small portion remaining of a larger thing or group.
The remaining fabric at the end of the bolt.

remorse /ɹɪˈmɔɹs/ /ɹɪˈmɔː(ɹ)s/ remorses n
doilíos
A feeling of regret or sadness for doing wrong or sinning.

remorseful /ɹɪˈmɔː(ɹ)sfʊl/ more remorseful most remorseful adj
aiféalach
(of a person) Feeling or filled with remorse.

remote [ɹəˈməʊt] [ɹɪˈmoʊt] [ɹɪˈməʊt] [ˌɹiːˈməʊt] more remote most remote remoter remotest adj
iargúlta
Distant or otherwise inaccessible.

remote control remote controls n
cianrialtán
(countable) A device used to operate an appliance (such as a television, vehicle, or mechanical toy) from a short distance away.

remoteness remotenesses n
ciandacht iargúltacht
The quality of being remote.

removability removabilities n
aistritheacht inaistritheacht
The state of being removable.

remove /ɹɪˈmuːv/ v
scaoil
(transitive) To move from one place to another, especially to take away.

renal /ˈɹiːnəl/ adj
duánach
Pertaining to the kidneys.

rename /ɹiːˈneɪm/ v
athainmnigh
(transitive) To give a new name to.

rend /ɹɛnd/ v
rois
(transitive) To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to split; to burst

render /ˈɹɛn.də/ /ˈɹɛn.dɚ/ renders n
roiseálaí
One who rends.

render /ˈɹɛn.də/ /ˈɹɛn.dɚ/ v
leáigh rindreáil
(transitive) To convert waste animal tissue into a usable byproduct.

renew /ɹɪˈnjuː/ /ɹɪˈnu/ v
athnuaigh
(transitive) To make (something) new again; to restore to freshness or original condition. [from 14thc.]

renewal renewals n
athnuachan
The act of renewing.

rennet /ˈɹɛnɪt/ rennets n
binid
An enzyme used as the first step in making cheese, to curdle the milk and coagulate the casein in it, derived by soaking the fourth stomach of a milk-fed calf in brine.

renounce /ɹɪˈnaʊns/ v
tabhair suas
(transitive) To give up, resign, surrender.
tréig
(transitive) To abandon, forsake, discontinue (an action, habit, intention, etc), sometimes by open declaration.

renovate /ˈɹɛnəveɪt/ /ˈɹɛnəʊveɪt/ /ˈɹɛnəˌveɪt/ v
athnuaigh
(transitive) To renew; to revamp something to make it look new again.

renovation /ˈɹɛnəveɪʃən/ renovations n
athnuachan deisiú tí
An act, or the process, of renovating.

renown /ɹɪˈnaʊn/ renowns n
alladh clú
Fame; celebrity; wide recognition.

renowned /ɹɪˈnaʊnd/ more renowned most renowned adj
clúiteach mórchlúiteach
Famous, celebrated, or well-known; widely praised or highly honored.

rent /ɹɛnt/ rents n
cíos
A payment made by a tenant at intervals in order to lease a property.
A similar payment for the use of a product, equipment or a service.
roiseadh
A tear or rip in some surface.

renunciation renunciations n
dearadh
The act of rejecting or renouncing something as invalid.

reopen /ɹiːˈəʊpən/ v
athoscail
(transitive) To open (something) again.
(intransitive) To open again.

reorganization reorganizations n
atheagar
The act or process of rearranging. See reorganize.
The end result of such an act.

reorganize v
atheagraigh
(transitive) to organize something again, or in a different manner

repair /ɹəˈpɛɚ/ /ɹɪˈpɛə/ /ɹɪˈpɛɚ/ v
cuir caoi ar deisigh
To restore to good working order, fix, or improve damaged condition; to mend; to remedy.

repast /-ˈpæst/ /ɹə-/ /ɹɪˈpæst/ /ɹɪˈpɑːst/ repasts n
séire
(archaic, or, literary) A meal.

repayment repayments n
aisíoc aisíocaíocht
The money or other item that is repaid.
(figurative) The act of revenge, an act of revenge.

repeal /ɹəˈpiːl/ v
aisghair cuir ar ceal
(transitive) To cancel, invalidate, annul.
To recall; to summon (a person) again; to bring (a person) back from exile or banishment.
To suppress; to repel.

repel /ɹɪˈpɛl/ v
éar
ruaig
(transitive, now, _, rare) To turn (someone) away from a privilege, right, job, etc. [from 15th c.]
(transitive, physics) To force away by means of a repulsive force. [from 17th c.]

repentance /ɹɪˈpɛntəns/ repentances n
aithrí
The condition of being penitent.
A feeling of regret or remorse for doing wrong or sinning.

repetition /ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/ [ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.n̩] repetitions n
athdhéanamh atarlú athra athsheinm
The act or an instance of repeating or being repeated.

repletion repletions n
lánmhaireacht
The condition of being replete; fullness.

reply /ɹɪˈplaɪ/ replies n
freagairt
A written or spoken response; part of a conversation.

reply /ɹɪˈplaɪ/ v
freagair
(transitive, intransitive) To give a written or spoken response, especially to a question, request, accusation or criticism; to answer.

reported speech n
claoninsint
(grammar, narratology) A form of speech used to express what another has said, often involving a change in tense.

representative /ˌɹɛpɹɪˈzɛnt(ət)ɪv/ representatives n
uiríollaí
One who speaks for or acts on behalf of another in a particular (especially official) capacity. [from 17th c.]

reprimand /ɹɛpɹɪˈmɑːnd/ /ˈɹɛp.ɹɪˌmænd/ /ˈɹɛpɹɪmɑːnd/ /ˌɹɛp.ɹɪˈmænd/ reprimands n
achasán
A severe, formal or official reproof; reprehension, rebuke, private or public.

reprisal /ɹɪˈpɹaɪzəl/ reprisals n
díoltas
An act of retaliation.

reproach /ɹɪˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ɹɪˈpɹəʊtʃ/ reproaches n
achasán aifirt aisc oirbhire
A mild rebuke, or an implied criticism.

reproach /ɹɪˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ɹɪˈpɹəʊtʃ/ v
achasán a thabhairt aifir imdhearg
(transitive) To criticize or rebuke (someone).

reproachful more reproachful most reproachful adj
achasánach aifearach casach easmailteach iomardach oirbhireach
Expressing or containing reproach
Occasioning or deserving reproach; shameful; base

reprobate /ˈɹɛpɹəbət/ reprobates n
alfraits
A person with low morals or principles.

reproduce /ˌɹi.pɹəˈdjuːs/ /ˌɹi.pɹəˈdus/ /ˌɹi.pɹəˈd͡ʒuːs/ v
síolaigh
(transitive) To bring something to mind; to recall.

reproduction /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/ reproductions n
atáirgeadh
The act of reproducing new individuals biologically.

reproductive more reproductive most reproductive adj
atáirgeach sliochtmhar
Of or relating to reproduction.

reprography reprographies n
athghrafaíocht atáirgíocht reipreagrafaíocht
the reproduction, reprinting and copying of graphics, especially using electromechanical or photographic methods

reproof /ɹɪˈpɹuːf/ reproofs n
spreagadh
An act or instance of reproving or of reprobating; a rebuke, a reproach, an admonition.

reprove /ɹɪˈpɹuːv/ v
ceartaigh spreag
(intransitive) To express disapproval. [from 14th c.]
(transitive) To criticise, rebuke or reprimand (someone), usually in a gentle and kind tone. [from 14th c.]

reptile /ɹɛpˈtaɪl/ /ˈɹɛp.taɪl/ reptiles n
reiptíl
(strictly) A cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia; an amniote that is neither a synapsid nor a bird; excludes amphibians. [from 19th c.]

reptilelike more reptilelike most reptilelike adj
péistiúil reiptíleach
Like or resembling a reptile.

republic /ɹəˈpʊb.lɪk/ /ɹəˈpʌb.lɪk/ /ɹɪˈpʊb.lɪk/ /ɹɪˈpʌb.lɪk/ republics n
poblacht
A state where sovereignty rests with the people or their representatives, rather than with a monarch or emperor; a country with no monarchy.
(archaic) A state, which may or may not be a monarchy, in which the executive and legislative branches of government are separate.
One of the subdivisions constituting Russia. See oblast.

republican /ɹɪˈpʌblɪkən/ more republican most republican adj
poblachtach poblachtánach
Advocating or supporting a republic as a form of government, advocating or supporting republicanism. [from 17th c.]

republican /ɹɪˈpʌblɪkən/ republicans n
poblachtach
Someone who favors a republic as a form of government. [from 17th c.]

republicanism republicanisms n
poblachtachas poblachtánachas
The political ideology of being a citizen in a state as a republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty.

repugnant /ɹɪˈpʌɡnənt/ more repugnant most repugnant adj
colach colúil cradhscalach déistineach míthaitneamhach samhnasach
Offensive or repulsive; arousing disgust or aversion.
aimhréireach contrártha in aghaidh
(legal) Opposed or in conflict.

repulse /ɹɪˈpʌls/ v
ruaig
(transitive) To repel or drive back.

repulsion repulsions n
éaradh
The act of repelling or the condition of being repelled.

request /ɹɪˈkwɛst/ v
iarr
(transitive, or, with a subjunctive clause) To ask for (something).
(transitive) To ask (somebody) to do something.

requiem shark requiem sharks n
siorc carcairinideach
Any member of the taxonomic family Carcharhinidae (order Carcharhiniformes).

requiescat in pace phraseologicalUnit
chuid eile i síocháin
May he/she rest in peace.

requirement /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ /ɹɪˈkwɑɹmənt/ /ɹɪˈkwʌɪəm(ə)nt/ requirements n
gá
A necessity or prerequisite; something required or obligatory. Its adpositions are generally of in relation to who or what has given it, on in relation to whom or what it is given to, and for in relation to what is required.

requisite /ɹɪˈkwɪzɪt/ /ˈɹɛkwɪzɪt/ more requisite most requisite adj
riachtanach
Essential, indispensable, required.

reread /ɹiːˈɹiːd/ /ɹiːˈɹɛd/ /ˈɹiːɹiːd/ v
athléigh
To read again.

rerise v
aiséirigh
To rise again.

res judicata res judicatae n
scéal thairis
(legal) A legal claim that has already been decided in another lawsuit or proceeding, and therefore must be dismissed.
(legal) The legal doctrine that claims already decided in a proceeding may not be brought in any later proceeding.

rescue /ˈɹɛs.kjuː/ rescues n
tarrtháil
An act or episode of rescuing, saving.

rescue /ˈɹɛs.kjuː/ v
tarrtháil
To save from any violence, danger or evil.

research /ɹiˈsɝt͡ʃ/ /ɹɪˈsɜːt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹiˌsɝt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹiː.sɜːt͡ʃ/ researches n
taighde
(uncountable, countable, _, in some dialects) Diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise facts, principles, theories, applications, etc. (that are currently available, or that are familiar to one's self).

researcher /ɹiˈsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ɹɪˈsɜː.t͡ʃə/ /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈɹiː.sɜː.t͡ʃə/ researchers n
taighdeoir taighdeora
One who researches.

reseda /ɹəˈsidə/ /ɹɪˈsiːdə/ /ˈɹɛsɪdə/ resedas n
buí cumhra
(botany) Any of various plants of the genus Reseda having small, pale grayish green flowers, such as dyer's rocket (Reseda luteola) and mignonette (Reseda odorata).

resemblance /ɹəˈzɛmbləns/ resemblances n
cosúlacht
The quality or state of resembling.

resemble /ɹɪˈzɛmb(ə)l/ v
is cosúil le
(transitive) To be like or similar to (something); to represent as similar.

reservation /ˌɹɛzəˈveɪʃən/ /ˌɹɛzɚˈveɪʃən/ reservations n
agús
(often, in the plural) A limiting qualification regarding certainty; a doubt.

reserve /ɹɪˈzɜːv/ /ɹɪˈzɝv/ v
cuir in áirithe
To book in advance; to make a reservation.

reside /ɹɪˈzaɪd/ v
cónaigh cónaí
To dwell permanently or for a considerable time; to have a settled abode for a time; to remain for a long time.

residual /ɹə-/ /ɹɪˈzɪd.jəl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd.jʊəl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.u.əl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.wəl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.ə.wəl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.əl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.ʊəl/ residuals n
fuílleach
A remainder left over at the end of some process.

residue /ˈɹɛzɪdjuː/ /ˈɹɛzɪduː/ residues n
dríodar fuílleach
Whatever remains after something else has been removed.
dríodar
(chemistry) The substance that remains after evaporation, distillation, filtration or any similar process.
fuílleach
(legal) Whatever property or effects are left in an estate after payment of all debts, other charges and deduction of what is specifically bequeathed by the testator.

resign /ɹɪˈzaɪn/ v
éirigh as
(transitive, or, intransitive) To quit (a job or position). [from 14th c.]

resigned /ɹɪˈzaɪnd/ adj
fulangach
Characterized by resignation or acceptance.

resin /ˈɹɛzɪn/ resins n
roisín
A viscous hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, particularly coniferous trees.
Any of various yellowish viscous liquids or soft solids of plant origin; used in lacquers, varnishes and many other applications; chemically they are mostly hydrocarbons, often polycyclic.
Any synthetic compound of similar properties.

resinous more resinous most resinous adj
roisíneach
Of or relating to resin.

resist /ɹəˈzɪst/ /ɹɪˈzɪst/ resists n
friotán
A protective coating or covering.

resist /ɹəˈzɪst/ /ɹɪˈzɪst/ v
friotaigh
cuir i gcoinne cuir in aghaidh cuir in éadan seas
(transitive) To attempt to counter the actions or effects of.
an fód a sheasamh cos a chur i dtaca
(intransitive) To oppose; to refuse to accept.

resolution /ˌɹɛzəˈl(j)uʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɹɛzəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ resolutions n
gléine
(computing, photography) The degree of fineness with which an image can be recorded or produced, often expressed as the number of pixels per unit of length (typically an inch).

resolve /ɹiːˈzɒlv/ /ɹɪˈzɑlv/ /ɹɪˈzɒlv/ v
scaoil
To cause to perceive or understand; to acquaint; to inform; to convince; to assure; to make certain.

resonance /ˈɹɛzənəns/ resonances n
macalla
(countable) A resonant sound, echo, or reverberation, such as that produced by blowing over the top of a bottle.
athshondas fuaimneacht gluaire
(astronomy) An influence of the gravitational forces of one orbiting object on the orbit of another, causing periodic perturbations.

resonant /ˈɹɛzənənt/ more resonant most resonant adj
athshondach fuaimneach
Resounding, echoing.

resonate /ˈɹez.əˌnæɪt/ /ˈɹɛz.əˌneɪt/ v
athshon
To vibrate or sound, especially in response to another vibration.

resort town resort towns n
baile saoire

resounding /ɹɪˈzaʊn.dɪŋ/ more resounding most resounding adj
athshondach fuaimneach macallach
Having a deep, rich sound; mellow and resonant.

respect /ɹɪˈspɛkt/ respects n
meas oirmhidin urraim ómós
(uncountable) an attitude of consideration or high regard
(countable) a particular aspect, feature or detail of something

respect /ɹɪˈspɛkt/ v
meas a bheith agat ar
To have respect for.

respectable [ɹɪ.ˈspɛk.tə.bl̩] more respectable most respectable adj
oiriúnach
Deserving respect.

respectful /ɹɪˈspɛktfəl/ more respectful most respectful adj
measúil ómósach
Marked or characterized by respect

respectively /ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/ more respectively most respectively adv
faoi seach
In a relative manner; often used when comparing array lists, where the term denotes that the items in the lists correspond to each other in the order they are given.

respiration /ɹɛspɪˈɹeɪʃən/ respirations n
riospráid
The process of inhaling and exhaling; breathing, breath.

respirator respirators n
análaitheoir
A device designed to allow breathing when it would otherwise be hindered, as by a medical condition or the presence of poisonous vapors.

respiratory /ɹɪˈspaɪ.ɹəˌtɔɹ.i/ /ɹɪˈspɪ.ɹə.tɹi/ /ɹɪˈspɪ.ɹət.ə.ɹi/ /ɹɪˈspʌɪ.ɹə.tɹi/ /ɹɪˈspʌɪ.ɹət.ə.ɹi/ /ˈɹɛs.pə.ɹə.tɹi/ /ˈɹɛs.pə.ɹət.ə.ɹi/ /ˈɹɛs.pəɹ.əˌtɔɹ.i/ /ˈɹɛs.pɹə.tɹi/ /ˈɹɛs.pɹəˌtɔɹ.i/ adj
riospráide análach
(relational) Relating to respiration or the organs of respiration; breathing.

responsibility /ɹɪˌspɑn.səˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /ɹɪˌspɒn.səˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ [ɹɪˌspɑn.səˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] responsibilities n
freagracht
The state of being responsible, accountable, or answerable. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
The state of being liable, culpable, or responsible for something in particular.
A duty, obligation or liability for which someone is held accountable.

rest /ɹɛst/ rests n
scíth
(uncountable, of a person or animal) Relief from work or activity by sleeping; sleep.
fuílleach
(uncountable) That which remains.
fos támh
(countable) Any relief from exertion; a state of quiet and relaxation.
(uncountable) Peace; freedom from worry, anxiety, annoyances; tranquility.
fos
(uncountable, of an object or concept) A state of inactivity; a state of little or no motion; a state of completion.
(physics, uncountable) Absence of motion.
sos
(music, countable) A pause of a specified length in a piece of music.
taca
(snooker, countable) A stick with a U-, V- or X-shaped head used to support the tip of a cue when the cue ball is otherwise out of reach.
branra
(countable) Any object designed to be used to support something else.

rest /ɹɛst/ v
lig do scíth glac suaimhneas
(intransitive, transitive, reflexive, copulative) To be or to put into a state of rest.

rest in peace v
ar dheis Dé go raibh a anam ar dheis Dé go raibh a hanam
A blessing or expression of hope that a deceased person is at peace.

restaurant /ˈɹɛs.t(ə).ɹ(ə)nt/ /ˈɹɛs.t(ə).ɹɒnt/ /ˈɹɛs.t(ə).ɹɒ̃/ /ˈɹɛs.t(ə).ɹənt/ /ˈɹɛs.t(ə)ˌɹɑnt/ restaurants n
bialann
An eating establishment in which diners are served food, usually by waiters at their tables but sometimes (as in a fast food restaurant) at a counter.

restless /ˈɹɛstləs/ /ˈɹɛstlɪs/ more restless most restless adj
luaileach
aistreach luaineach
Without rest; unable to be still or quiet; uneasy; continually moving.

restlessness /ˈɹɛstləsnəs/ restlessnesses n
anbhuain luaineacht
The state or condition of being restless; an inability to be still, quiet, at peace or comfortable.

restorative justice n
ceartas aisiríoch
(legal) Any of several forms of justice that attempt to repair the harm done to the victim, sometimes by having the offender make restitution.

restorer restorers n
aiseagthóir
Something or someone that restores.

restrain /ɹɪˈstɹeɪn/ v
coisc
(transitive) To control or keep in check.

restrained /ɹɪˈstɹeɪnd/ more restrained most restrained adj
araíonach
Held back, limited, kept in check or under control.

restraint /ɹɪˈstɹeɪnt/ restraints n
srianadh
(uncountable) control or caution; reserve

restrict /ɹɪˈstɹɪkt/ v
teorannaigh
To restrain within boundaries; to limit; to confine

restriction /ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/ restrictions n
teorannú
The act of restricting, or the state of being restricted.

result /ɹɪˈzʌlt/ results n
iarmhairt
That which results; the conclusion or end to which any course or condition of things leads, or which is obtained by any process or operation; consequence or effect.

resurrection /ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃn̩/ /ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃən/ resurrections n
aiséirí
The act of arising from the dead and becoming alive again.

retable retables n
clabhar altóra
A table or shelf behind an altar, on which are placed images or holy objects.

retail /ˈɹiˌteɪl/ [ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ] n
miondíol
(business) The sale of goods directly to the consumer, encompassing the storefronts, mail-order, websites, etc., and the corporate mechanisms, branding, advertising, etc. that support them.

retail park retail parks n
páirc mhiondíola
a type of shopping centre usually built on the outskirts of a town or city, typically containing a number of retail outlets such as chain stores.

retailer retailers n
miondíoltóir
A retail sales company or salesman.

retain /ɹi-/ /ɹəˈteɪn/ /ɹɪˈteɪn/ v
coinnigh
To keep (something) in control or possession; to continue having (something); to keep back.

retake /ɹiːˈteɪk/ /ˈɹiːteɪk/ v
atóg
To take something again.
aisghabh atóg
To take something back.
athghabh
To capture or occupy somewhere again.
athghlac
To photograph or film again.

retaliation /-ʃɪn/ /ɹi-/ /ɹiˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ɹə-/ /ɹɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/ retaliations n
díoltas
Violent or otherwise punitive response to an act of harm or perceived injustice; a hitting back; revenge.

retarded /ɹiˈtɑɹdɪd/ /ɹɪˈtɑːdɪd/ more retarded most retarded adj
mallintinneach
(psychology, sometimes, offensive, dated) Having mental retardation; mentally deficient or underdeveloped.

retching retchings n
urlacan folamh
The act of one who retches.

retention /ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/ retentions n
coinneáil
The act of retaining or something retained.

retentiveness n
coinneálacht
the state of being retentive

reticulate /ɹi-/ /ɹəˈtɪkjulət/ /ɹəˈtɪkjuˌleɪt/ /ɹəˈtɪkjələt/ /ɹəˈtɪkjəˌleɪt/ /ɹəˈtɪkjʊlət/ /ɹəˈtɪkjʊˌleɪt/ /ɹɪ-/ more reticulate most reticulate adj
eangachúil
Network-like in form or appearance.

retina /ˈɹɛt.nə/ /ˈɹɛt.ə.nə/ /ˈɹɛt.ɪ.nə/ retinae retinas retinæ n
reitine
(ophthalmology) The thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball that contains rods and cones sensitive to light, which trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.

retinopathy /ˌɹɛtɪnˈɑːpəθi/ retinopathies n
reitineapaite

retinue /ɹɪˈtɪnjuː/ /ˈɹɛt.ɪ.njuː/ /ˈɹɛtɪn(j)uː/ retinues n
cóisir
A group of attendants or servants, especially of someone considered important.

retire /ɹəˈtaɪə(ɹ)/ /ɹəˈtaɪɹ/ v
téigh ar scor
(intransitive) To stop working on a permanent basis, usually because of old age or illness.
téigh ar gcúl
(intransitive) To go back or return; to withdraw or retreat, especially from public view; to go into privacy.
cúlaigh téigh ar gcúl
(intransitive) To retreat from action or danger; to withdraw for safety or pleasure.

retirement /ɹəˈtaɪə(ɹ).mənt/ retirements n
scor
The state of having permanently left one's employment, now especially at reaching pensionable age; the portion of one's life after retiring from one's career. [from 17th c.]

retort /ɹɪˈtɔɹt/ /ɹɪˈtɔːt/ retorts n
aisfhreagra
A sharp or witty reply, or one which turns an argument against its originator; a comeback.

retreat /ɹiˈtɹiːt/ /ɹəˈtɹiːt/ /ɹɪˈtɹiːt/ v
cúlaigh
To withdraw military forces

retrial retrials n
atriail
(legal) A second trial, by the original court, if the original trial was found to be improper or unfair

retribution /ˌɹɛt.ɹɪ.ˈbju.ʃən/ retributions n
agairt díoltas
Punishment inflicted in the spirit of moral outrage or personal vengeance.

retroaction retroactions n
aisghníomhú
Any action that has an influence due to a past event

retroactive /ˌɹɛ.tɹoʊˈæk.tɪv/ /ˌɹɛt.ɹəʊˈæk.tɪv/ adj
aisghníomhach
Extending in scope, effect, application or influence to a prior time or to prior conditions

retroactively /ˌɹɛtɹoʊˈæktɪvli/ adv
go aisghníomhach
Done after the fact; applying to events that have previously transpired.

retroactivity retroactivities n
aisghníomhaíocht
The state or characteristic of being retroactive.
cúlghabhálacht
(legal) The application of a law to events that took place before it was made.

retroflex /ˈɹɛt.ɹoʊ.flɛks/ /ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/ /ˈɹɛt.ɹəʊ.flɛks/ more retroflex most retroflex adj
aislúbtha
(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue is raised and bent backwards, so that the underside of the tongue approaches or touches the palate.
(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge.
(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the blade of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge.

retrogression retrogressions n
aischéimniú aisghabháil aisiompú céim siar
A deterioration or decline to a previous state.
aisghabháil
(biology) A return to a less complex condition.

retrospection retrospections n
aisbhreathnú
The deliberate recall of past events

retrospective /ˌɹɛtɹə(ʊ)ˈspɛktɪv/ more retrospective most retrospective adj
aisbhreathnaitheach iardhearcach
Looking backwards.
cúlghabhálach siarghabhálach
Affecting or influencing past things; retroactive.

retry /riˈtɹaɪ/ /ˈriːtɹaɪ/ v
atriail
(transitive, law) To try judicially a second time.

return /ɹɪˈtɜːn/ /ɹɪˈtɝn/ v
fill
(intransitive) To come or go back (to a place or person).

reunification reunifications n
athaontú
The unification of something that was previously divided; used especially of a country.

reunify v
athaontaigh

reveal /ɹəˈvil/ /ɹəˈviːl/ /ɹɪˈvil/ /ɹɪˈviːl/ [ɹɪˈvɪil] v
foilsigh
(transitive) To uncover; to show and display that which was hidden.

revelation /ˌɹɛv.əˈleɪ.ʃən/ revelations n
nochtadh
The act of revealing or disclosing.

revenge /ɹiˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ /ɹəˈvendʒ/ /ɹəˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ /ɹɪˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ revenges n
díoltas
Any form of personal, retaliatory action against an individual, institution, or group for some alleged or perceived harm or injustice.

revenge /ɹiˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ /ɹəˈvendʒ/ /ɹəˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ /ɹɪˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ v
imir díoltas ar
(transitive) To take revenge for (a particular harmful action) or on behalf of (its victim); to avenge.

reverberate /ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ).bəɹ.eɪt/ v
aisfhuaimnigh macalla
(intransitive) To ring or sound with many echos.

reverberation /ɹiˈvɜː(ɹ)bəɹeɪʃən/ /ɹəˈvɜː(ɹ)bəɹeɪʃən/ /ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ)bəɹeɪʃən/ reverberations n
aisfhuaimniú frithchaitheamh macalla
An echo, or a series of overlapping echoes.
frithchaitheamh frithspré macalla
The reflection of light or heat; a reflection in, or as though in, a mirror.

reverberatory furnace reverberatory furnaces n
foirnéis fhrithspréite
A form of forge, used in smelting and refining, in which the material is melted by radiant heat and convection of hot gases, as opposed to direct contact with the fuel or flame (conduction).

revere /ɹə.viːɹ/ v
urraigh
(transitive) To regard someone or something with great awe or devotion.

reverence /ˈɹɛv.ə.ɹəns/ /ˈɹɛv.ɹəns/ reverences n
ardmheas oirmhidin urraim urramacht ómós
Veneration; profound awe and respect, normally in a sacred context.
urraim urramacht
The state of being revered.
oirmhinneach
A form of address for some members of the clergy.

reverend /ˈɹɛvəɹənd/ /ˈɹɛvɹənd/ reverends n
urramach
(informal) A member of the Christian clergy; a minister.

reverent /ˈɹev.ə.ɹənt/ /ˈɹev.ɹənt/ /ˈɹɛv.ə.ɹənt/ /ˈɹɛv.ɹənt/ more reverent most reverent adj
urramach ómósach
Showing or characterized by great respect or reverence; respectful.

reverse /ɹɪˈvɜːs/ /ɹɪˈvɝs/ v
aisiompaigh
(transitive) To turn something inside out or upside down.
(transitive) To transpose the positions of two things.
(obsolete, transitive) To turn away; to cause to depart.
(obsolete, transitive) To cause to return; to recall.
(rail transport, intransitive, of points) To move from the normal position to the reverse position.
aisiompaigh cúlaigh
(ergative, transport) To cause a mechanism to operate or move in the opposite direction to normal; to drive a vehicle in the direction the driver has the back.

reverse engineering n
ais-innealtóireacht
The process of analyzing the construction and operation of a product in order to manufacture a similar one.

reviewer reviewers n
léirmheastóir
A person who writes reviews for a newspaper or other publication; a critic.

revile /ɹəˈvaɪl/ v
imdhearg
(ambitransitive) To attack (someone) with abusive language.

reviler revilers n
achasánaí castóir
one who reviles

revision /ɹiˈvɪʒ.ən/ /ɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/ /ɹɪˈvɪʒ.ən/ [ɹiˈvɪʒ.n̩] [ɹəˈvɪʒ.n̩] [ɹɪˈvɪʒ.n̩] revisions n
athdhéanamh
The action or process of reviewing, editing and amending.

revocation /ˌɹɛvəˈkeɪʃən/ revocations n
cúlghairm
An act or instance of revoking.

revolute adj
aischasta
(botany) Having the edges rolled with the abaxial side outward.

revolution /ˌɹɛv.əˈl(j)uː.ʃən/ revolutions n
réabhlóid
A political upheaval in a government or state characterized by great change.
The removal and replacement of a government, especially by sudden violent action.
Rotation: the turning of an object around an axis, one complete turn of an object during rotation.
A sudden, vast change in a situation, a discipline, or the way of thinking and behaving.

revolutionary /-ˈljuː-/ /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/ /ˌɹɛvəˈluːʃənɹi/ more revolutionary most revolutionary adj
réabhlóideach
Of or pertaining to a revolution in government; tending to, or promoting, revolution
pertaining to something that portends of great change; overthrowing a standing mindset

revolutionary /-ˈljuː-/ /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/ /ˌɹɛvəˈluːʃənɹi/ revolutionaries n
réabhlóidí
A revolutionist; a person who revolts.

revolver /ɹɪˈvɒl.vɚ/ revolvers n
gunnán
(firearms) A handgun with a revolving chamber enabling several shots to be fired without reloading.

revolving door revolving doors n
doras imrothlach
A door that rotates around a central pivot.

reweld v
atáthaigh
To weld again.

rhapsody /ˈɹæpsədi/ rhapsodies n
rosc ceoil
(Ancient Greece, poetry, historical) An epic poem, or part of one, suitable for uninterrupted recitation.

rhenium /ˈɹiːniəm/ rheniums n
réiniam
A metallic chemical element (symbol Re) with an atomic number of 75: a heavy, silvery-gray transition metal.

rheology /ɹiːˈɒlədʒi/ rheologies n
réa-eolaíocht sreabheolaíocht
(physics) The branch of physics that studies the deformation and flow of matter.

rhetoric /ˈɹɛtəɹɪk/ rhetorics n
reitric roscaireacht
The art of using language, especially public speaking, as a means to persuade.
Meaningless language with an exaggerated style intended to impress.

rheum /ɹuːm/ /ɹɪu̯m/ rheums n
réama
(uncountable) Thin or watery discharge of mucus or serum, especially from the eyes or nose, formerly thought to cause disease. [from 14th c.]

rheumatologist rheumatologists n
réamaiteolaí
A doctor specializing in the treatment of arthritis and other ailments of the joints.

rheumatology n
réamaiteolaíocht
(medicine) The branch of medicine specializing in arthritis and other ailments of the joints.

rhinestone rhinestones n
réinchloch
An artificial diamond, strass.

rhinoceros /ɹaɪˈnɑ.sə.ɹəs/ /ɹaɪˈnɒs.ə.ɹəs/ /ɹɑɪˈnɔs.ə.ɹəs/ rhinoceri rhinoceroi rhinoceros rhinoceroses rhinocerosses rhinocerotes n
srónbheannach
Any of several large herbivorous ungulates native to Africa and Asia of the five extant species in the three extant genera in the family Rhinocerotidae, with thick, gray skin and one or two horns on their snouts.

rho /ɹoʊ/ /ɹəʊ/ rhos n
ró
The seventeenth letter of the Modern Greek and Classical alphabets and the nineteenth letter of Old and Ancient.

rhodium /ˈɹoʊdiəm/ rhodiums n
róidiam
A rare, hard, silvery-white, inert metallic chemical element (symbol Rh) with an atomic number of 45.

rhododendron /ɹoʊdəˈdɛndɹən/ rhododendra rhododendrons n
ródaidéandran
Any of various flowering shrubs in the genus Rhododendron, especially

rhubarb /ˈɹuˌbɑɹb/ /ˈɹuːbɑːb/ [ɹɪu̯-] [ˈɹuːbaɹb] rhubarb rhubarbs n
biabhóg
Any plant of the genus Rheum, especially Rheum rhabarbarum, having large leaves and long green or reddish acidic leafstalks that are edible, in particular when cooked (although the leaves are mildly poisonous).

rhyme scheme rhyme schemes n
aiste ríme
The pattern created by the rhymes at the ends of the lines of a stanza of poetry

rhythm /ˈɹɪð.əm/ /ˈɹɪθ.əm/ [ˈɹɪð.m̩] rhythms n
rithim
The variation of strong and weak elements (such as duration, accent) of sounds, notably in speech or music, over time; a beat or meter.

rhythm guitar rhythm guitars n
giotár rithime
A guitar in a band that provides rhythm, usually by playing chords or similar accompanying parts, to support the lead guitar.

rib /ɹɪb/ ribs n
easna
A cut of meat enclosing one or more rib bones.
easna maide
(architectural element) A long, narrow, usually arched member projecting from the surface of a structure, especially such a member separating the webs of a vault
féith
(botany) The main, or any of the prominent veins of a leaf.

rib /ɹɪb/ v
spoch as
To tease or make fun of someone in a good-natured way.
To enclose, as if with ribs, and protect; to shut in.

ribbon /ˈɹɪbən/ ribbons n
ribín
A long, narrow strip of material used for decoration of clothing or the hair or gift wrapping.

ribbonlike more ribbonlike most ribbonlike adj
ribíneach
having the characteristics of ribbons

ribonucleic acid ribonucleic acids n
aigéad ribeanúicléasach
(biochemistry) A derivative of DNA having ribose in place of deoxyribose, and uracil in place of thymine; its primary function is in the transcription of genetic material and subsequent synthesis of protein.

ribwort ribworts n
slánlus
ribgrass; Old World plantain, Plantago lanceolata.

rice /ɹaɪs/ rices n
rís
(countable) A specific variety of this plant.
(uncountable) The seeds of this plant used as food.

rice cake rice cakes n
císte ríse

rice cooker rice cookers n
cócaireán ríse
A kitchen appliance which is designed to cook rice, through either boiling or steaming it. It may also be used as a steam cooker for other foods.

rice flour rice flours n
plúr rís
Flour made from rice.

rice paper rice papers n
ríspháipéar
A thin, fragile paper made from parts of the rice plant, used in artificial flowers and watercolour art.

rice pudding rice puddings n
maróg ríse rís ar bhainne
(chiefly, British) A milk pudding made from rice, milk, sugar and nutmeg.

rich /ɹɪt͡ʃ/ more rich most rich richer richest adj
saibhir
Wealthy: having a lot of money and possessions.
borrúil méith
Yielding large returns; productive or fertile; fruitful.

riches /ɹɪt͡ʃɪz/ n
saibhreas
Money, goods, wealth, treasure.

richness /ˈɹɪt͡ʃnəs/ richnesses n
saibhreas
(uncountable) The state or quality of being rich; wealthiness, wealth, riches.

riddle /ˈɹɪdəl/ riddles n
tomhas
A verbal puzzle, mystery, or other problem of an intellectual nature.

riddle /ˈɹɪdəl/ v
rill
To put something through a riddle or sieve; to sieve; to sift.

ride /ɹaɪd/ rides n
síob
A lift given to someone in another person's vehicle.

ride cymbal ride cymbals n
ciombal creatháin
(musical instruments) A type of cymbal, the function of which is to maintain a steady rhythmic pattern.

rider /ˈɹaɪ.də/ /ˈɹaɪ.dəɹ/ /ˈɹɑɪ.də/ [ˈɹ̠aɪdə] [ˈɹ̠aɪɾɚ] [ˈɹ̠äɪɾɚ] [ˈɹ̠ʷɑe̯də] riders n
marcach
(generally) Someone who rides a horse or (later) a bicycle, motorcycle etc. [from 14th c.]
aguisín
(politics) A supplementary clause added to a document after drafting, especially to a bill under the consideration of a legislature. [from 17th c.]
fo-fhadhb
(shipbuilding) An interior rib occasionally fixed in a ship's hold, reaching from the keelson to the beams of the lower deck, to strengthen the frame. [from 17th c.]

ridge /ɹɪd͡ʒ/ ridges n
iomaire
mullach
The highest point on a roof, represented by a horizontal line where two roof areas intersect, running the length of the area.

ridgepole /ˈɹɪdʒpəʊl/ ridgepoles n
cleith mhullaigh
A beam along the ridge of a roof to which the rafters are attached. [from 17th c.]

ridiculous /ɹiːˈdɪkjʊləs/ /ɹɪˈdɪkjələs/ /ɹɪˈdɪkjʊləs/ /ɹɪˈdɪkləs/ more ridiculous most ridiculous adj
áiféiseach
deserving of ridicule; foolish, absurd

rifle /ˈɹaɪfəl/ rifles n
raidhfil
(weaponry) A firearm fired from the shoulder; improved range and accuracy is provided by a long, rifled barrel.

rifle /ˈɹaɪfəl/ v
creach
(transitive) To strip of goods; to rob; to pillage.

rifleman riflemen n
fear raidhfil muscaedóir
A soldier trained to use a rifle as a primary weapon.
fear raidhfil
A person especially skilled in the use of a rifle.

rigging /ˈɹɪɡɪŋ/ riggings n
rigín
Dress; tackle; especially (nautical) , the ropes, chains, etc., that support the masts and spars of a sailing vessel, and serve as purchases for adjusting the sails, etc.

right /ˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹeɪt/ /ˈɹiːt/ /ˈɹʌɪt/ [-ɾ̥] [-ʔ] [ɹei̯t] [ɹəi̯t] [ˈɹaɪt] [ˈɹaɪθ̠] [ˈɹäːtʰ] [ˈɹɑe̯t] [ˈɹɒɪʔ] [ˈɻɐʏt] righter or more right rightest or rightmost adj
deas
(geometry) Of an angle, having a size of 90 degrees, or one quarter of a complete rotation; the angle between two perpendicular lines.
(geography) Designating the bank of a river (etc.) on one's right when facing downstream (i.e. facing forward while floating with the current); that is, the south bank of a river that flows eastward. If this arrow: ⥴ shows the direction of the current, the tilde is on the right side of the river.
cóir
Complying with justice, correctness, or reason; correct, just, true. See also the interjection senses below.
ceart
Appropriate, perfectly suitable; fit for purpose.

right /ˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹeɪt/ /ˈɹiːt/ /ˈɹʌɪt/ [-ɾ̥] [-ʔ] [ɹei̯t] [ɹəi̯t] [ˈɹaɪt] [ˈɹaɪθ̠] [ˈɹäːtʰ] [ˈɹɑe̯t] [ˈɹɒɪʔ] [ˈɻɐʏt] interjection
ceart go leor
Yes, that is correct; I agree.
Signpost word to change the subject in a discussion or discourse.
Used to check listener engagement and (especially) agreement at the end of an utterance or each segment thereof.

right /ˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹeɪt/ /ˈɹiːt/ /ˈɹʌɪt/ [-ɾ̥] [-ʔ] [ɹei̯t] [ɹəi̯t] [ˈɹaɪt] [ˈɹaɪθ̠] [ˈɹäːtʰ] [ˈɹɑe̯t] [ˈɹɒɪʔ] [ˈɻɐʏt] rights n
ceart
A legal, just or moral entitlement.
deis deas
The right side or direction.

right hand n
deasóg

right of way right of ways rights of way n
ceart bealaigh
(uncountable) The right to proceed first in traffic, on land, on water or in the air. Also in metaphorical senses.

right triangle right triangles n
triantán dronuilleach
(geometry) A triangle having a right angle as one of its interior angles.

right wing right wings n
eite dheas
(politics) The more right-wing faction of a group or party.

right-angled adj
dronuilleach
(not comparable, geometry) Having a right angle.

right-click v
deaschliceáil
(intransitive, computing) To press the right-hand button on a computer mouse.

right-handed n
deasach
Right-handed people, taken as a whole.

right-hander right-handers n
deasóg
One who is right-handed.

right-wing more right-wing most right-wing adj
den eite deis
(politics) Of political ideologies: opposing political and social equality, especially conservative, traditional, and/or reactionary politics.

righteousness /ˈɹaɪt͡ʃəsnəs/ righteousnesses n
cirte fíréantacht ionracas
(uncountable) The quality or state of being righteous.
fíréantacht
(theology) The state of being right with God; justification; the work of Christ, which is the ground justification.

rill /ɹɪl/ rills n
silteán sruthlán sruthán
A very small brook; a streamlet; a creek, rivulet.

rim /ɹɪm/ rims n
fonsa imeall
An edge around something, especially when circular.
fonsa
(automotive, cycling) A wheelrim.

ring /ɹi(ː)ŋ/ /ɹɪŋ/ rings n
fáinne
A round piece of (precious) metal worn around the finger or through the ear, nose, etc.
(UK) A bird band, a round piece of metal put around a bird's leg used for identification and studies of migration.
A circumscribing object, (roughly) circular and hollow, looking like an annual ring, earring, finger ring etc.
(astronomy) A formation of various pieces of material orbiting around a planet or young star.
(geometry) A planar geometrical figure included between two concentric circles.
cró troda fáinne
A place where some sports or exhibitions take place; notably a circular or comparable arena, such as a boxing ring or a circus ring; hence the field of a political contest.

ring finger ring fingers n
mac an daba méar an fháinne sisile
Finger between middle finger and little finger; the "third finger" (UK) or the "fourth finger" (US), especially of the left hand. (The ring finger is the left hand; a ring finger is either hand.)

ring ouzel ring ouzels n
lon creige
Turdus torquatus, a European thrush, similar to the common blackbird, but with a ring of white feathers at its neck.

ring road ring roads n
bóthar cuarach cuarbhóthar
(chiefly, Australia, New Zealand, UK) A circumferential highway around a town, city, or other conurbation.

ring topology ring topologies n
toipeolaíocht fháinneach
(computing) A network topology in which, in the physical case, every node of a network is connected to exactly two other nodes: one node designated as upstream and the other as downstream. A given node receives data from its upstream node and sends data to its downstream node.

ring-necked duck ring-necked ducks n
lacha mhuinceach
Aythya collaris, a diving duck from North America commonly found in freshwater ponds and lakes

ringbolt ringbolts n
bolta fáinne
an eyebolt with a captive ring passing through it

ringed /ɹɪŋd/ adj
fáinneach
Marked with rings, circles, or loops.

ringlet ringlets n
bachall búcla caschiabh drol fáinne fáinneog
A lock, tress.

ringleted more ringleted most ringleted adj
bachallach barrchas búclach caschiabhach caslúbach drolach
With the hair in ringlets.

ringmaster ringmasters n
máistir sorcais
The person who manages the performers in a circus ring.

ringneck dove ringneck doves n
colm coille
A domesticated dove with an unclear taxonomic classification, often treated as its own species as, Streptopelia risoria. Other sources place it in a subspecies of either Streptopelia decaocto (Eurasian collared dove), or Streptopelia roseogrisea (African collared dove).

riot /ˈɹaɪ.ət/ /ˈɹaɪ.ɪt/ riots n
círéib
A tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by a large group of people, often involving violence or damage to property.

riot police n
póilíní círéibe
A unit of the police specifically trained to deal with rioting crowds. They use special equipment for personal defense as well as for crowd control and dispersal.

rioter /ˈɹaɪətə/ /ˈɹaɪətɚ/ rioters n
círéibeoir
One who riots; part of the unruly violent crowd causing a riot.

rip /ɹɪp/ v
rois
(transitive) To divide or separate the parts of (especially something flimsy, such as paper or fabric), by cutting or tearing; to tear off or out by violence.

ripe /ɹaɪp/ riper ripest adj
abúil

ripen /ˈɹaɪpən/ v
aibigh
(transitive) To cause (something) to mature; to make ripe
(transitive) To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to perfection

ripeness ripenesses n
abúlacht aibíocht
the characteristic of being ripe

ripening ripenings n
aibeachan fionnadh
The process of becoming ripe.

ripple /ˈɹɪp(ə)l/ ripples n
cuilithín
A moving disturbance, or undulation, in the surface of a fluid.

rise /ɹaɪs/ /ɹaɪz/ v
éirigh
(intransitive) To move, or appear to move, physically upwards relative to the ground.
(of a celestial body) To appear to move upwards from behind the horizon of a planet as a result of the planet's rotation.

rise up v
éirigh suas
To ascend to the surface.

risk assessment risk assessments n
measúnú riosca
The overall process of identifying all the risks to and from an activity and assessing the potential impact of each risk.

risk management n
bainistíocht riosca
The process of determining the maximum acceptable level of overall risk to and from a proposed activity, then using risk assessment techniques to determine the initial level of risk and, if this is excessive, developing a strategy to ameliorate appropriate individual risks until the overall level of risk is reduced to an acceptable level.

rissole rissoles n
riosól
A ball of meat, some variants covered in pastry, which has been fried or barbecued.

ritual /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/ rituals n
deasghnáth
A rite; a repeated set of actions, especially in religious contexts.

rivalry /ˈɹaɪ.vəl.ɹi/ rivalries n
coimhlint iomaidh
Any competition between two or more things or factors.

river /ˈɹɪvə/ /ˈɹɪvɚ/ rivers n
abhainn
A large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea.
Any large flow of a liquid in a single body.

river basin river basins n
abhantrach
(geography) An extent of land where water from rain or snow melt drains downhill into a river or series of rivers.

riverine /ˈɹɪvəɹaɪn/ /ˈɹɪvɚ.aɪn/ /ˈɹɪvɚ.ɪn/ more riverine most riverine adj
abhann dobhar- srutha
Of or pertaining to rivers, or located on or by a river; inhabiting a river or its surrounds.

rivet /ˈɹɪvət/ rivets n
seam
A cylindrical mechanical fastener that attaches multiple parts together by fitting through a hole and deforming the head(s) at either end.

rivulet /ˈɹɪv.jə.lət/ rivulets n
glaise glas silteán sruthlán srúill
A small brook or stream; a streamlet; a gill.

roach /ɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ɹəʊtʃ/ roach n
róiste
A common roach (Rutilus rutilus)

road /rod/ /ɹoʊd/ /ɹəʊd/ roads n
bóthar slí
A way used for travelling between places, originally one wide enough to allow foot passengers and horses to travel, now (US) usually one surfaced with asphalt or concrete and designed to accommodate many vehicles travelling in both directions. In the UK both senses are heard: a country road is the same as a country lane. [from 16th c.]
(US, railroads) A railway or (UK, railroads) a single railway track. [from 19th c.]
slí bheatha
(figuratively) A path chosen, as in life or career. [from 17th c.]
(nautical, often, in the plural) A partly sheltered area of water near a shore in which vessels may ride at anchor; a roadstead. [from 14th c.]

road map road maps n
léarscáil bhóithre mapa bóithre treochlár
A map with a visual representation of roads used for automobile travel and navigation. A road map may contain other relevant data, such as terrain or railway lines.
plean oibre
(figuratively) A plan of action, laying out the future actions of participants.

roadrunner /ˈɹoʊdˌɹʌnɚ/ /ˈɹəʊdˌɹʌnə/ roadrunners n
reathaí an bhóthair
Either of two species of fast-running bird in the genus Geococcyx of the cuckoo family native to North and Central America, the lesser roadrunner (Geococcyx velox) and, especially, the greater roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus).

roadside /ˈɹoʊdsaɪd/ /ˈɹəʊdsaɪd/ roadsides n
colbha bóthair
The area on either side of a road.

roadside bomb roadside bombs n
buama seiftithe cois bóthair
An explosive device placed at the side of a road and detonated when the target passes.

roadtest roadtests n
promhadh
A trial or practice run of a piece of equipment in its intended usage environment to check for errors before final deployment.
tástáil bhóthair
A test which assesses the performance of an engine or vehicle on the road.

roadtest v
promhadh a chur ar
(transitive) To make a trial of, or to test, (a piece of equipment) in its intended usage environment before its final deployment.
tástáil ar an mbóthar
(transitive) To test the performance of (an engine or vehicle) on the road.

roadwork roadworks n
deisiú bóthair
The construction or maintenance done to roads.

roar /ɹo(ː)ɹ/ /ɹoə/ /ɹɔɹ/ /ɹɔː/ roars n
tormán
A long, loud, deep shout, as of rage or laughter, made with the mouth wide open.
A loud resounding noise.
géim
The cry of the lion.
The deep cry of the bull.

roar /ɹo(ː)ɹ/ /ɹoə/ /ɹɔɹ/ /ɹɔː/ v
búir géim
Of animals (especially a lion), to make a loud deep noise.

roast /ɹoʊst/ /ɹəʊst/ roasts n
rósta
A piece of meat suited to roasting; meat that has been roasted.

roast beef roast beefs n
mairteoil rósta
Beef cooked by roasting.

roast pork roast porks n
muiceoil rósta
Pork cooked by roasting.

robber /ˈɹɑ.bɚ/ /ˈɹɒb.ə(ɹ)/ robbers n
gadaí robálaí ropaire
A person who robs.
An animal who robs.

robber baron robber barons n
bithiúnach gnó
(historical) In Europe, an aristocrat who charged exorbitant fees or otherwise exacted money from people who journeyed across land or waterways which he controlled.

robe /ɹoʊb/ /ɹəʊb/ robes n
gúna róba
A long loose outer garment, often signifying honorary stature.

robin /ˈɹɑː.bɪn/ /ˈɹɒ.bɪn/ robins n
smólach imirce
An American robin, Turdus migratorius.
spideog
A European robin, Erithacus rubecula.

robust /ɹoʊˈbʌst/ /ɹəʊˈbʌst/ /ɹəˈbʌst/ more robust most robust robuster robustest adj
urrúnta
Evincing strength and health; strong; (often, especially) both large and healthy#Adjective.

robustness robustnesses n
urrúntacht
The quality of being robust.

rock /ɹɑk/ /ɹɒk/ /ɹɔk/ n
carraig
(chiefly British) A boulder or large stone; or (US, Canada) a smaller stone; a pebble.
(uncountable) The naturally occurring aggregate of solid mineral matter that constitutes a significant part of the earth's crust.
A mass of stone projecting out of the ground or water.
rac-cheol
A style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums, keyboards (often), and vocals.

rock and roll /ˈɹɑk ən(d) ˈɹoʊl/ /ˈɹɒk ən(d) ˈɹəʊl/ n
rac-cheol
(dance) A style of vigorous dancing associated with this genre of music.

rock climber rock climbers n
ailleadóir speancaire
A person who takes part in rock climbing

rock climbing n
ailleadóireacht speancaireacht
The sport of scaling rock faces, either with or without ropes and other equipment.

rock dove /ɹɒk dʌv/ rock doves n
colm aille colúr aille fearán binne
The dove/pigeon species Columba livia.

rock music n
rac-cheol
(music) A broad genre of popular music, including especially those styles ultimately derived from rock and roll, employing electrical amplification, heavy use of guitars, 4/4 time with strong percussive rhythm on beats two and four (backbeat), and usually themes of bold wildness, rebellion, and sexuality.

rock paper scissors n
cloch páipéar siosúr
(hand game) A popular children's game using three hand signs representing rock, paper and scissors, frequently used as a tiebreaker.

rockery /ˈɹɑk.ɚ.i/ /ˈɹɒk.ə.ɹi/ rockeries n
carragán creig-ghairdín
A section of a garden made from decorative rocks and alpine plants.

rocket /ˈɹɑ.kət/ /ˈɹɑk.ɪt/ /ˈɹɒk.ɪt/ rockets n
roicéad
A long vehicle or craft propelled by a rocket engine; a missile or rocket-propelled spacecraft. [from 20th c.]
An engine operating similarly to the pyrotechnic, generating thrust by the expulsion of hot gases; a rocket engine. [from 20th c.]

rocket launcher rocket launchers n
teilgeoir roicéad
A hand-held tube-like device for launching a rocket-propelled explosive device (a missile).

rocking chair rocking chairs n
cathaoir luasctha cathaoir luascáin
A chair with a curved base which can be gently rocked (swung) back and forth.

rocky /ˈɹɑki/ /ˈɹɒki/ /ˈɹɔki/ [ˈɹʷɑki] [ˈɹʷɒki] [ˈɹʷɔki] more rocky most rocky rockier rockiest adj
achrannach boireannach carrach carraigeach creagach sceireach
Abounding in, or full of, rocks; consisting of rocks.

rod /ɹɑd/ /ɹɒd/ rods n
liúr
A straight, round stick, shaft, bar, cane, or staff.

rodent /ˈɹəʊdənt/ rodents n
creimire
A mammal of the order Rodentia, characterized by long incisors that grow continuously and are worn down by gnawing.

rodomontade /ˌɹɑ.də.mənˈteɪd/ /ˌɹɑ.də.mənˈtɑd/ /ˌɹɑ.dəˌmɑnˈteɪd/ /ˌɹɑ.dəˌmɑnˈtɑd/ /ˌɹɒ.də.mɒnˈteɪd/ /ˌɹɒ.də.mɒnˈtɑːd/ rodomontades n
radamandádaíocht
Vain boasting; a rant; pretentious behaviour.

roe deer /ˈɹoʊˌdɪɹ/ /ˈɹəʊˌdɪə/ roe deer n
fia odhar
A small, nimble Eurasian deer with no visible tail, a white rump patch, and a reddish summer coat that turns grey in winter, the male having short three-pointed antlers (Capreolus capreolus and Capreolus pygargus).

roebuck /ˈɹəʊ.bʌk/ roebucks n
ruaphoc
A male roe deer.

rogue /ˈɹoʊ̯ɡ/ /ˈɹəʊ̯ɡ/ rogues n
bithiúnach rógaire
A scoundrel, rascal or unprincipled, deceitful, and unreliable person.

rogue state rogue states n
stát bradach
A state or nation acting outside of the accepted international norms and policies.

roguery rogueries n
cneámhaireacht
malicious or reckless behaviour

roguish /ˈɹoʊɡɪʃ/ /ˈɹəʊɡɪʃ/ more roguish most roguish adj
rógánta
Unprincipled or unscrupulous.

role /ɹol/ /ɹoʊl/ /ɹɐʉl/ /ɹəʊl/ [ɹʷoʊɫ] [ɹʷɒʊɫ] roles n
ról
A character or part played by a performer or actor.
The expected behaviour of an individual in a society.
The function or position of something.

roll /ɹol/ /ɹoʊl/ /ɹɐʉl/ /ɹəʊl/ [ɹ̠ʷoɫ] [ɹ̠ʷɒʊɫ] rolls n
meilleog
That which is rolled up.

roll /ɹol/ /ɹoʊl/ /ɹɐʉl/ /ɹəʊl/ [ɹ̠ʷoɫ] [ɹ̠ʷɒʊɫ] v
roll
(ergative) To revolve by turning over and over; to move by turning on a horizontal axis; to impel forward with a revolving motion on a supporting surface.
cuach
(ergative) To wrap (something) round on itself; to form into a spherical or cylindrical body by causing to turn over and over.

roll call v
glaoch rolla
(transitive) To read aloud from a list of names, in order to determine who is present or absent.

roll up v
crap
(transitive) To make something into a particular shape, especially cylindrical or fold-like.

rolled oats n
coirce rollta
Oat groats that have been rolled into flat flakes under heavy rollers.

roller skating n
scátáil rollála
Skating on roller skates.

rollerblade rollerblades n
rollóirí i líne
A roller skate with all wheels aligned in a single row along the sole, resembling an ice skate.

rollercoaster /ˈɹoʊlɚˌkoʊstɚ/ rollercoasters n
rollchóstóir
An amusement ride consisting of a train on a track that rises, falls, twists and turns.

rolling paper rolling papers n
páipéar toitíní
(chiefly, US) A small sheet of paper used for rolling (tobacco) cigarettes, joints (marijuana cigarettes), and the like.

rolling pin rolling pins n
crann fuinte
A food preparation utensil consisting of a cylinder with a handle at each end, used to flatten dough.

romance /ɹoʊˈmæns/ /ɹəˈmæns/ /ˈɹoʊˌmæns/ /ˈɹəʊˌmæns/ romances n
scéal ridireachta
A story relating to chivalry; a story involving knights, heroes, adventures, quests, etc.

romantic comedy romantic comedies n
coiméide rómánsúil
(uncountable) A genre of fiction, especially film, that presents love stories in a humorous and light-hearted way.

rondo /ˈɹɒn.dəʊ/ rondos n
rondó
(music, countable) A musical composition, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains.

rood /ɹuːd/ roods n
ród
A measure of land area, equal to a quarter of an acre.

rood screen /ˈɹud ˌskɹin/ /ˈɹuːd skɹiːn/ rood screens n
scáthlán croise
(architecture, Christianity) A carved screen that separated the chancel and nave in a medieval church; it originally carried a large crucifix; an altar screen.

roof /ɹuf/ /ɹuːf/ /ɹʊf/ roofs rooves n
díon ceann
(architecture) The external covering at the top of a building.

roof /ɹuf/ /ɹuːf/ /ɹʊf/ v
díon
(transitive) To cover or furnish with a roof.

rook /ɹuːk/ /ɹʉk/ /ɹʊk/ rooks n
rúcach
A European bird, Corvus frugilegus, of the crow family.
caiseal
(chess) A piece shaped like a castle tower, that can be moved only up, down, left or right (but not diagonally) or in castling.

rookery rookeries n
adhbha rón garrán préachán
A colony of breeding birds or other animals.

room /ɹum/ /ɹuːm/ /ɹʉm/ /ɹʊm/ rooms n
spás
(archaic) A particular portion of space. [from 11th c.]
(obsolete) Place; stead.
seomra
(countable) A separate part of a building, enclosed by walls, a floor and a ceiling. [from 15th c.]

room temperature room temperatures n
teocht an tseomra
A normal temperature of a room in which people live; typically 20 to 23°C (68 to 73°F); neither heated nor cooled.

roomful roomfuls roomsful n
lán seomra
The amount that a room can hold, especially the number of people that can fit into a room.

roommate /ˈɹu(m)ˌmeɪt/ roommates n
comrádaí seomra
A person with whom one shares a room, as in a dormitory, barracks, rooming house, or apartment.

roost /ɹuːst/ /ɹʉst/ roosts n
fara
The place where a bird sleeps (usually its nest or a branch).

rooster /ˈɹustəɹ/ /ˈɹuːstə/ roosters n
coileach
(North America, Kent, Australia, NZ) A male domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) or other gallinaceous bird.

root /ɹuːt/ /ɹʉt/ /ɹʊt/ roots n
fréamh
The part of a plant, generally underground, that anchors and supports the plant body, absorbs and stores water and nutrients, and in some plants is able to perform vegetative reproduction.
The part of a tooth extending into the bone holding the tooth in place.
(arithmetic) Of a number or expression, a number which, when raised to a specified power, yields the specified number or expression.
(linguistic morphology) The primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Inflectional stems often derive from roots.
stoc
(philology) A word from which another word or words are derived.

root vegetable root vegetables n
meacan
A vegetable whose the edible part is the root, such as the carrot, potato, or onion.

rootstock rootstocks n
bonnstoc
(agriculture) A healthy and vigorous-rooted plant that is used in grafting, most commonly as a sound base to support a scion that bears desirable fruit in orchard culture.

rope /ɹoʊp/ /ɹəʊp/ ropes n
téad teaghrán
(uncountable) Thick strings, yarn, monofilaments, metal wires, or strands of other cordage that are twisted together to form a stronger line.
téad rópa
(computer science) A data structure resembling a string, using a concatenation tree in which each leaf represents a character.

rope bridge rope bridges n
droichead rópa
A suspension bridge constructed chiefly of rope.

rope ladder rope ladders n
dréimire rópa
A flexible ladder, constructed of rope, often with wooden rungs, suspended from the top.

ropemaker ropemakers n
rópadóir
A maker of ropes.

ropemaking n
rópadóireacht
The manufacture of rope.

rosary /ˈɹoʊzəɹi/ rosaries n
paidrín
Prayer beads, a string of beads used to keep track of repetitions in prayer, particularly in the Roman Catholic Marian prayer "Hail Mary" (Ave Maria)
Coróin Mhuire paidrín
(by extension) A series or collection of thoughts, literary pieces, etc. intended for similar contemplation.

rose /ɹoʊz/ /ɹəʊz/ [ɹ̠ʷəʊz̥] [ɻʷö̞ʊz̥] roses n
rós
A flower of the rose plant.
Something resembling a rose flower.
(countable, uncountable) A purplish-red or pink colour, the colour of some rose flowers.

rose-colored glasses n
spéaclaí bándearg
(idiomatic) An optimistic perception of something; a positive opinion; seeing something in a positive way, often thinking of it as better than it actually is.

roseate tern roseate terns n
geabhróg rósach
(UK) A species of tern, Sterna dougallii.

rosehip /ˈɹoʊzˌhɪp/ /ˈɹəʊzˌhɪp/ rosehips n
mogóir róis
The fruit of a rose plant.

rosemary /ˈɹoʊzˌmɛəɹi/ /ˈɹəʊzməɹi/ rosemaries n
marós
A shrub, Salvia rosmarinus (formerly Rosmarinus officinalis), that originates from Europe and Asia Minor and produces a fragrant herb used in cooking and perfumes.

rosin /ˈɹɑz.əm/ /ˈɹɑz.ən/ /ˈɹɒz.ən/ /ˈɹɔz.əm/ rosins n
roisín
(organic chemistry) A solid form of resin, obtained from liquid resin by vaporizing its volatile components.

roster /ˈɹɑ.stɚ/ /ˈɹɒs.tə/ /ˈɹɔs.tə/ /ˈɹɔs.tɚ/ rosters n
uainchlár
A list of individuals or groups, usually for an organization of some kind such as military officers and enlisted personnel enrolled in a particular unit; a muster roll; a sports team, with the names of players who are eligible to be placed in the lineup for a particular game; or a list of students officially enrolled in a school or class.

rostrum /ˈɹɑstɹəm/ /ˈɹɒstɹəm/ /ˈɹɔs-/ rostra rostrums n
rostram
A dais, pulpit, or similar platform for a speaker, conductor, or other performer.

rosé wine rosé wines n
fíon rosé
A pale pink wine made by removing the dark grape skins at the required point during fermentation.

rot /ɹɑt/ /ɹɒt/ /ɹɔt/ v
lobh
(intransitive) To suffer decomposition due to biological action, especially by fungi or bacteria.

rota /ˈɹoʊ.tə/ /ˈɹəʊ.tə/ rotas n
uainchlár
(UK) A schedule that allocates some task, responsibility or (rarely) privilege between a set of people according to a (possibly periodic) calendar.

rotating adj
rothlach
that proceeds in sequence or in turns

rotational adj
rothlach
Of, pertaining to or caused by rotation.

rotten /ˈɹɑtn̩/ /ˈɹɒtn̩/ [ˈɹɑʔn̩] more rotten most rotten rottener rottenest adj
lofa
In a state of decay.
Bad or terrible.

rotunda /ɹoʊˈtʌndə/ /ɹə(ʊ)ˈtʌndə/ rotundae rotundas n
cruinnteach
(architecture) A round building, usually small, often with a dome.

rough /ɹʌf/ rougher roughest adj
aindreanta
garbh
Not smooth; uneven.
Turbulent.
amhchaoin
Crude; unrefined.
eascaoin
Violent; not careful or subtle.

rough horsetail rough horsetails n
bioróg
A plant in the taxonomic genus Equisetum (horsetails); Equisetum hyemale.

round /ˈɹaʊnd/ more round most round rounder roundest adj
cruinn
Circular or cylindrical; having a circular cross-section in one direction.

round /ˈɹaʊnd/ rounds n
urchar
A single individual portion or dose of medicine.
A firearm cartridge, bullet, or any individual ammunition projectile. Originally referring to the spherical projectile ball of a smoothbore firearm. Compare round shot and solid shot.

round bracket round brackets n
lúibín cruinn
(UK) Each of the signs ( and ); parenthesis, bracket (in a strict sense).

roundabout /ˈɹaʊndəˌbaʊt/ roundabouts n
compal timpeallán
(chiefly, UK, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Australia, and) A road junction at which traffic streams circularly around a central island.
timpeallán spraoi
(chiefly, British) A horizontal wheel which rotates around a central axis when pushed and on which children ride, often found in parks as a children's play apparatus.
A fairground carousel.

roundel /ˈɹaʊn.dəl/ roundels n
cruinneán
(heraldiccharge) A circular spot; a charge in the form of a small coloured circle.

roundhouse roundhouses n
teach lár deice
(rail transport) A circular building in which locomotives are housed. [from 19th c.]
teach cruinn
(archaeology) A prehistoric dwelling typical of northwest Europe in the Iron Age and Bronze Age. [from 19th c.]

rout /ɹaʊt/ [ɹʌʊt] routs n
maidhm ruaig
(originally, military) The act of completely defeating an army or other enemy force, causing it to retreat in a disorganized manner; (by extension) in politics, sport, etc.: a convincing defeat; a thrashing, a trouncing.

route /ɹaʊt/ /ɹut/ /ɹuːt/ /ɹʉːt/ routes n
slí
A course or way which is traveled or passed.

roving /ˈɹoʊvɪŋ/ more roving most roving adj
aistreach
Moving about; having no fixed or permanent abode; travelling from place to place.

row /ˈɹoʊ/ /ˈɹəʊ/ rows n
líne
A line of objects, often regularly spaced, such as seats in a theatre, vegetable plants in a garden, etc.

rowan /ˈɹaʊ.ən/ /ˈɹoʊ.ən/ /ˈɹəʊ.ən/ rowans n
caorthann
Sorbus aucuparia, the European rowan.

rowboat /ˈɹəʊbəʊt/ rowboats n
bád rámhaíochta
(US) A small open boat propelled by oars (by rowing).

rower /ˈɹəʊ.ə(ɹ)/ rowers n
iomróir
One who rows.
A rowing machine.

rowhouse rowhouses n
teach sraithe
(especially, US) One of a row of houses situated side by side and sharing a common wall.

rowing /ˈɹoʊɪŋ/ /ˈɹəʊɪŋ/ n
rámhaíocht
The action of the verb to row.

rowing machine rowing machines n
meaisín rámhaíochta
An exercise machine whose action resembles that of rowing a boat.

rowlock /ˈɹoʊˌlɑk/ /ˈɹɑlək/ /ˈɹɒlək/ /ˈɹəʊˌlɒk/ /ˈɹʌlək/ rowlocks n
dola glacán leaba iomartha roillic
(nautical, chiefly, British) A usually U-shaped pivot attached to the gunwale (outrigger in a sport boat) of a boat that supports and guides an oar, and provides a fulcrum for rowing; an oarlock.

royal /ˈɹɔɪ(ə)l/ /ˈɹɔɪəl/ royaler royalest royaller royallest adj
ríoga
Of or relating to a monarch or his (or her) family.

royal family royal families n
teaghlach ríoga
The family of the ruling sovereign of a country or state.

royal fern royal ferns n
raithneach ghallda raithneach ríúil
Osmunda regalis, a fern native to Europe, Africa and Asia.

royalist royalists n
ríogaí
A monarchist (supporter of monarchy) or supporter of a particular royal régime.

royalty /ˈɹɔɪəlti/ royalties n
dleacht
The payment received by an owner of real property for exploitation of mineral rights in the property.
(by extension) Payment made to a writer, composer, inventor etc for the sale or use of intellectual property, invention etc.

rub /ɹʊb/ /ɹʌb/ v
cuimil
(transitive) To move (one object) while maintaining contact with another object over some area, with pressure and friction.

rubber /ˈɹɐbə/ /ˈɹʊbə/ /ˈɹʊbəɹ/ /ˈɹʌbə/ /ˈɹʌbəɹ/ /ˈɹʌbɚ/ rubbers n
rubar
(uncountable, countable) Pliable material derived from the sap of the rubber tree; a hydrocarbon polymer of isoprene.

rubbernecker /ˈrʌbəˌnɛkə/ /ˈrʌbɚˌnɛkɚ/ rubberneckers n
stánaí
(originally, US) A person who rubbernecks; someone who cranes their neck as though it were made of rubber to see something (such as a tourist attraction) or to watch an event (such as an accident); a rubberneck.

rubbish /ˈɹə-/ /ˈɹʌbɪʃ/ rubbishes n
ráiméis
(by extension, chiefly, Commonwealth) Nonsense.

rubella /ɹuːˈbɛlə/ n
bruitíneach dhearg
(pathology) A mild disease caused by the Rubella virus infecting the respiratory tract, and characterised by a rash of pink dots, fever and swollen lymph nodes.

rubidium /ˌɹuːˈbɪd.i.əm/ rubidiums n
rúbaidiam
The chemical element (symbol Rb) with an atomic number of 37. It is a soft, highly reactive alkali metal.

ruble /ɹuːbəl/ rubles n
rúbal
The monetary unit of Russia, Belarus and Transnistria equal to 100 kopeks (Russian: копе́йка, Belarusian: капе́йка). The Russian ruble's symbol is ₽.

rubric /ˈɹuːbɹɪk/ rubrics n
ceannscríbhinn ceannteideal rúibric
A heading in a book highlighted in red.

ruby /ˈɹuː.bi/ rubies n
rúibín
(uncountable, printing, UK, dated) The size of type between pearl and nonpareil, standardized as 5½-point.

rudd /ɹʌd/ rudd rudds n
ruán
common rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus)

rude /ɹud/ /ɹuːd/ /ɹɪʊ̯d/ /ɹʉːd/ ruder rudest adj
borb míbhéasach mímhúinte drochbhéasach drochmhúinte
Lacking in refinement or civility; bad-mannered; discourteous.

rudeness rudenesses n
boirbe drochmhúineadh
The property of being rude.

rudiment /ˈɹuːdɪmənt/ rudiments n
aibítir buntús uraiceacht
(often, _, in the plural) A fundamental principle or skill, especially in a field of learning.

ruff /ɹəf/ /ɹʌf/ ruffs n
rufachán
Philomachus pugnax (syn. Calidris pugnax), a gregarious, medium-sized wading bird of Eurasia; specifically, a male of the species which develops a distinctive ruff of feathers and ear tufts during mating season (the female is called a reeve).

ruffian /ˈɹʌfi.ən/ ruffians n
bithiúnach ruifíneach
A scoundrel, rascal, or unprincipled, deceitful, brutal and unreliable person.

rufiyaa rufiyaas n
rufiyaa
The official currency of Maldives, equal to 100 laari.

rugby /ˈɹʌɡbi/ rugbies n
rugbaí
A form of football in which players can hold or kick an ovoid ball; rugby football. The ball cannot be handled forwards and points are scored by touching the ball to the ground in the area past the opponent's territory or by kicking the ball between goalposts and over a crossbar.

rugged /ˈɹʌɡɪd/ more rugged most rugged adj
cnapánach
Not neat or regular; irregular, uneven.

rugose /ɹʊˈɡəʊs/ /ˌɹuːˈɡoʊs/ more rugose most rugose adj
rocach
Having rugae or wrinkles, creases, ridges, or corrugation.
(botany) Having a rough, wrinkled, or wavy surface; commonly in parasynthetic usage e.g. "rugose-veined" or "rugose-leaved".

ruin /ˈɹuː.ɪn/ [ˈɹuwɪn] ruins n
scrios
(uncountable) The state of being a ruin, destroyed or decayed.

ruin /ˈɹuː.ɪn/ [ˈɹuwɪn] v
creach
(transitive) To cause the fiscal ruin of; to bankrupt or drive out of business.

ruler /ˈɹulɚ/ /ˈɹuː.lə/ [ˈɹʉwlə]<t:measuring device> /ˈɹuːl.ə/ [ˈɹʊwɫə]<t:one who rules> /ˈɹuːlə(ɹ)/ rulers n
rialóir
A (usually rigid), flat, rectangular measuring or drawing device with graduations in units of measurement; a straightedge with markings.
rialtóir
A person who rules or governs; someone or something that exercises dominion or controlling power over others.

rum /ɹʌm/ rums n
rum
(uncountable) A distilled spirit derived from fermented cane sugar and molasses.

rumble /ˈɹʌmb(ə)l/ rumbles n
tormán
A low, heavy, continuous sound, such as that of thunder or a hungry stomach.

rummage /ˈɹʌm.ɪd͡ʒ/ v
tiomsaigh
(intransitive) To hastily search for something in a confined space and among many items by carelessly turning things over or pushing things aside.

rummy /ˈɹʌmi/ /ˈɹʌmɪ/ rummies n
rumaí
A card game with many rule variants, conceptually similar to mahjong.

rumormonger rumormongers n
ráflálaí
(American spelling) A person who spreads rumors and gossip.

run /ɹʊn/ /ɹʌn/ runs n
ruthag
Act or instance of running, of moving rapidly using the feet.
(music) A rapid passage in music, especially along a scale.

run /ɹʊn/ /ɹʌn/ v
rith sil
To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine.

run dry v
triomaigh
To become dry; to cease to flow with water.

run off v
teith
To flee or depart quickly.

run out v
rith as
(intransitive) To expire; to come to an end; to be completely used up or consumed.

run-up run-ups n
ruthag
The approach run of a high jumper or other athlete in order to gather speed or momentum.

rune /ɹuːn/ runes n
rúnscríbhinn
A letter, or character, used in the written language of various ancient Germanic peoples, especially the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons.
A letter or mark used as a mystical or magic symbol.

rung /ɹʌŋ/ rungs n
runga
A crosspiece forming a step of a ladder; a round.
A crosspiece between legs of a chair.

runner /ˈɹʌnə/ /ˈɹʌnɚ/ runners n
brat reatha
A long, narrow carpet for a high traffic area such as a hall or stairs.

runner bean runner beans n
pónaire reatha
A climbing plant of species Phaseolus coccineus, having long bean pods.

running /ˈɹʌniŋ/ adj
reatha silidh
(medicine) Discharging pus.

runny nose runny noses n
srón ag sileadh
A condition of discharge of mucus from the nose, often a symptom of the common cold.

runt /ˈɹʌnt/ runts n
abhaicín
Undersized or stunted plant, animal or person.

runway /ˈɹən-/ /ˈɹʌnweɪ/ /ˈɹʌnˌweɪ/ runways n
ardán taispeána
A narrow walkway (often on a platform) extending from a stage on which people walk, especially one used by models during fashion shows.
rúidbhealach
(aviation) A section of land, usually paved, for airplanes to land on or take off from.

rupee /ɹuˈpi/ /ɹʊ-/ /ˈɹupi/ /ˌɹuːˈpiː/ rupees n
rúipí
The common name for the monetary currencies used in modern India, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, the Seychelles, or Sri Lanka, often abbreviated ₨.
(video games) The primary currency of Hyrule.

rupture /ˈɹʌptʃə/ ruptures n
maidhm sheicne
(medicine) A break or tear in soft tissue, such as a muscle.

rush /ɹʌʃ/ rushes n
feag fiastalach luachair
The stem of such plants used in making baskets, mats, the seats of chairs, etc.

rushes /ˈɹʌʃɪz/ n
buntéip
(cinematography) Unedited footage; film material as recorded to tape etc.

rushlight rushlights n
geataire
(historical) A type of inexpensive candle formed by soaking the dried pith of the rush plant in fat or grease, which emits light for a relatively short period of time.

russet /ˈɹʌsɪt/ more russet most russet adj
donnrua
Having a reddish-brown color.

russet /ˈɹʌsɪt/ russets n
donnrua
A reddish-brown color.
rua-úll
A variety of apple with rough, russet-colored skin.

rust /ɹʌst/ rusts n
meirg
The deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation.
caoch rua
A disease of plants caused by a reddish-brown fungus.

rustic /ˈɹʌstɪk/ rustics n
tuathánach
A rural person.

rusty /ˈɹʌsti/ rustier rustiest adj
meirgeach
Marked or corroded by rust. [from 9th c.]
Affected with the fungal plant disease called rust.
tréigthe
(now, chiefly, historical) Of clothing, especially dark clothing: worn, shabby. [from 17th c.]

rusty-spotted cat rusty-spotted cats n
cat ruabhallach
Prionailurus rubiginosus, one of the smallest members of the cat family, native to India and Sri Lanka.

rutabaga /ˈɹutəˌbeɪɡə/ rutabagas n
svaeid
(now, North America) The edible root of this plant

ruthenium /ɹuːˈθiːniəm/ rutheniums n
ruitéiniam
A metallic chemical element (symbol Ru) with an atomic number of 44.

rye /ɹaɪ/ ryes n
seagal
The grass Secale cereale from which the grain is obtained. [from 14th c.]

ryegrass ryegrasses n
coirce préacháin
(countable) Any of several species of tufted grasses of the genus Lolium.

sable /ˈseɪbəl/ /ˈseɪbɫ/ sables n
sáible
(countable) A small carnivorous mammal of the Old World that resembles a weasel, Martes zibellina, from cold regions in Eurasia and the North Pacific islands, valued for its dark brown fur (Wikipedia).
ciardhubh
(tincture) A black colour on a coat of arms (Wikipedia).

sabotage /sæ.bɒˈtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæ.bɒˌtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæ.bɒˌtɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsæ.bəˌtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæb.əˌtɑʒ/ /ˌsæb.əˈtɑʒ/ sabotages n
sabaitéireacht
A deliberate action aimed at weakening someone (or something, a nation, etc) or preventing them from being successful, through subversion, obstruction, disruption, and/or destruction.

sabre-toothed tiger sabre-toothed tigers n
cat cuarfhiaclach tíogar cuarfhiaclach
Any of numerous species of extinct cat-like mammals, of the †Machairodontinae subfamily of the Felidae.

sacerdotal /ˌsæ.kə(ɹ)ˈdəʊ.təl/ /ˌsæs.ə(ɹ)ˈdəʊ.təl/ more sacerdotal most sacerdotal adj
sagartúil
(religion) Of or relating to priests or a high religious order; priestly.

sack /sæk/ v
creach
To plunder or pillage, especially after capture; to obtain spoils of war from.

sackcloth sackcloths n
sacéadach éadach lín éadach saic
A coarse hessian style of cloth used to make sacks.

sackful sackfuls sacksful n
lán mála lán saic
The amount a sack will contain.

sacred /ˈseɪkɹɪd/ more sacred most sacred adj
beannaithe coisricthe naofa
Characterized by solemn religious ceremony or religious use, especially, in a positive sense; consecrated, made holy.
dobhriste dosháraithe dílis
Not to be profaned or violated; inviolable.

sacredness sacrednesses n
beannaitheacht naofacht
The property of being sacred.

sacrifice /-faɪz/ /ˈsækɹəˌfaɪs/ /ˈsækɹɪfaɪs/ sacrifices n
íobairt
A human being or an animal, or a physical object or immaterial thing (see sense 1.3), offered to a deity.

sacrosanct /ˈsæk.ɹoʊˌsæŋkt/ more sacrosanct most sacrosanct adj
dosháraithe fíorchoisricthe
Beyond alteration, criticism, or interference, especially due to religious sanction; inviolable.

sacrum sacra sacrums n
sacram
(anatomy) A large triangular bone at the base of the spine, located between the two ilia (wings of the pelvis) and formed from vertebrae that fuse in adulthood.

sad /sæd/ more sad most sad sadder saddest adj
brónach
Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.
Causing sorrow; lamentable.

saddle /ˈsæd(ə)l/ /ˈsædl̩/ saddles n
diallait
A seat for a rider, typically made of leather and raised in the front and rear, placed on the back of a horse or other animal, and secured by a strap around the animal's body.
The immovable seat of a bicycle, motorcycle, or similar vehicle.
diallait droimín
A low point, in the shape of a saddle, between two hills.
spóla
A cut of meat that includes both loins and part of the backbone.

saddlebag /ˈsædəlˌbæɡ/ saddlebags n
mála diallaite
A covered pouch, usually one of a pair, laid across the back of a horse, donkey, or mule behind its saddle, or hanging over the rear wheel of a motorcycle; often made of leather or (on a motorcycle) a rigid material.

sadness /ˈsædnəs/ sadnesses n
brón cumha
(uncountable) The state or emotion of being sad.

safe /seɪf/ more safe most safe safer safest adj
slán
Not in danger; out of harm's reach.

safe haven safe havens n
tearmann
A place of safety or refuge.

safe sex n
gnéas sábháilte
Sexual activity engaged in by people who have taken precautions to protect themselves against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

safeness n
sábháilteacht
The property of being safe.

safety /ˈseɪfti/ safeties n
tearmann sábháilteacht
The condition or feeling of being safe; security; certainty.

safety razor safety razors n
rásúr sábháilte
A razor, designed for safety, that protects the skin from all but the very edge of the blade (as opposed to a straight razor).

saffron /ˈsæfəɹn/ /ˈsæfɹən/ saffrons n
cróch
A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent.

sagacious /səˈɡeɪʃəs/ more sagacious most sagacious adj
críonna fáidhiúil
Having or showing keen discernment, sound judgment, and farsightedness; mentally shrewd.

sagacity /səˈɡæsəti/ /səˈɡæsɪti/ sagacities n
seanchríonnacht
The quality of being sage, wise, or able to make good decisions; the quality of being perceptive, astute or insightful.

sage /seɪd͡ʒ/ sager sagest adj
eagnaí
Wise.

sage /seɪd͡ʒ/ sages n
eagnaí fáidh saoi
A wise person or spiritual teacher; someone of gravity and wisdom, especially, a teacher venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a grave or stoic philosopher.
sáiste
The plant Salvia officinalis and savory spice produced from it; also planted for ornamental purposes.
Any plant in the genus Salvia.
Any of a number of plants such as sagebrush considered to be similar to Salvia officinalis, mostly because they are small shrubs and have gray foliage or are aromatic.

saiga saigas n
antalóp saigeach
Saiga tatarica, an antelope which inhabits a vast area between Kalmykia, Kazakhstan, southern Siberia.

sail /seɪl/ [seɪ̯ɫ] sails n
seol
(nautical) A piece of fabric attached to a boat and arranged such that it causes the wind to drive the boat along. The sail may be attached to the boat via a combination of mast, spars and ropes.

sail /seɪl/ [seɪ̯ɫ] v
seol
To ride in a boat, especially a sailboat.

sailcloth sailcloths n
anairt seoil seoléadach
A strong, durable fabric suitable for making sails for ships or boats.

sailfish sailfish sailfishes n
péist an tseoil
A fish of the genus Istiophorus, having a characteristic sail-like fin on its back.

sailor /ˈseɪ.lə/ /ˈseɪ.lɚ/ sailors n
maraí
In particular, a member of the crew of a (civilian or military) vessel, as opposed to a captain, admiral, etc.; a mariner; a common seaman.

saint /seɪnt/ /sən(t)/ [sn̩(t)] [sɨn(t)] saints n
naomh
(religion, generally) A deceased person whom a church or another religious group has officially recognised as especially holy or godly; one eminent for piety and virtue.
(Mormonism, specifically) Alternative letter-case form of Saint (“a Mormon, a Latter-day Saint”)
(figuratively, by extension) A person with similarly overwhelming positive qualities; one who does good.

saker /ˈseɪkə/ /ˈseɪkɚ/ sakers n
fabhcún Saker
A falcon (Falco cherrug) native of Southern Europe and Asia.

salamander /ˈsæləˌmændə/ /ˈsæləˌmændɚ/ /ˈsæləˌmɑːndə/ salamanders n
salamandar
A long, slender, chiefly terrestrial amphibian of the order Caudata, superficially resembling a lizard.

salary /ˈsæl.ə.ɹi/ /ˈsæl.ɚ.i/ salaries n
tuarastal
A fixed amount of money paid to a worker, usually calculated on a monthly or annual basis, not hourly, as wages. Implies a degree of professionalism and/or autonomy.

sale /seɪl/ sales n
sladmhargadh
(Short for discount sale) The sale of goods at reduced prices.

saleswoman saleswomen n
bean díolacháin bean siopa cailín siopa
A woman whose occupation it is to sell things.

saline /ˈseɪ.laɪn/ /ˈseɪliːn/ more saline most saline adj
salanda
Containing salt; salty.

salinity /səˈlɪnɪti/ salinities n
salandacht
The quality of being saline.
(chemistry) The concentration of salt in a solution.

saliva /səˈlaɪvə/ salivae salivas salivæ n
seile
(physiology) A clear, slightly alkaline liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands, consisting of water, mucin, protein, and enzymes. It moistens the mouth, lubricates ingested food, and begins the breakdown of starches.

salivary /səˈlaɪvəɹi/ /ˈsælɪvəɹi/ /ˈsælɪˌvɛɹi/ adj
seileach
Relating to saliva.

salivary gland salivary glands n
faireog sheileach
(anatomy) Any of several exocrine glands that produce saliva to break down carbohydrates in food enzymatically.

sallow /ˈsæl.oʊ/ /ˈsæl.əʉ/ sallows n
saileach saileog
A European willow, Salix caprea, that has broad leaves, large catkins and tough wood.

salmon /ˈsalmon/ /ˈsalmən/ /ˈsælmən/ /ˈsæmən/ /ˈsɑmən/ salmon salmons n
bradán
A meal or dish made from this fish.

salt /sɑlt/ /sɒlt/ /sɔlt/ /sɔːlt/ [sɑɫt] [sɑɫʔ] [sɔɯ̯t] salts n
salann
A common substance, chemically consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl), used extensively as a condiment and preservative.
(chemistry) One of the compounds formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, where a positive ion replaces a hydrogen of the acid.

salt /sɑlt/ /sɒlt/ /sɔlt/ /sɔːlt/ [sɑɫt] [sɑɫʔ] [sɔɯ̯t] v
cuir salann ar saill
(mining) To blast metal into (as a portion of a mine) in order to cause to appear to be a productive seam.

salt cod salt cods n
trosc saillte
cod that has been dried and salted

salt dome salt domes n
cruinneachán salainn
(geology) An upwelling of crystalline rock salt and its aureole of deformed sediments.

salt lake /ˈsɔːlt ˌleɪk/ salt lakes n
loch salainn
A landlocked body of water with a high concentration of salts and other dissolved minerals.

salt marsh salt marshes n
riasc goirt
A marsh of saline water, found in the intertidal zone between land and sea, characterized by halophytic plants such as grasses and sedges adapted to periodic flooding with salt water.

salter salters n
ceannaí salainn mianadóir salainn saillteoir
One who makes, sells, or applies salt.

salting saltings n
sailleadh
(uncountable) The act of sprinkling salt, either on food, or on an icy road.
(uncountable) The act of tampering with an investigation site by adding bogus evidence.

salubrity salubrities n
folláine
The quality of being salubrious or invigorating.

salvage /ˈsælvɪd͡ʒ/ salvages n
tarrtháil
The rescue of a ship, its crew and passengers or its cargo from a hazardous situation.
The similar rescue of property liable to loss; the property so rescued.

salvage /ˈsælvɪd͡ʒ/ v
tarrtháil
(transitive, of discarded goods) to put to use.

salvation /sælˈveɪʃən/ salvations n
slánú
The process of being restored or made new for the purpose of becoming saved; the process of being rid of the old poor quality conditions and becoming improved.

salve /sæ(l)v/ /sælv/ /sɑːv/ salves n
ungadh
An ointment, cream, or balm with soothing, healing, or calming effects.

samarium /səˈmæɹɪəm/ n
samairiam
A chemical element (symbol Sm) with an atomic number of 62, a moderately hard silvery metal that slowly oxidizes in air.

same /seɪm/ /seːm/ [seːm] [sɛːm] adj
ionann
Not different or other; not another or others; not different as regards self; selfsame; identical.
céanna
Similar, alike.

sameness /ˈseɪmnəs/ samenesses n
ionannas
The quality of being the same; identity.

samphire /ˈsæm.faɪ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈsæm.fə(ɹ)/ samphires n
lus na gloine
Rock samphire (Crithmum maritimum).

sample /ˈsam.pəl/ /ˈsaːm.pəl/ /ˈsæm.pəl/ /ˈsæːm.pəl/ /ˈsɑːm.pəl/ [ˈsäːmpɯ] [ˈsɛəmpəɫ] samples n
tástáil
A part or snippet of something taken or presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen.

samsara /sʌmˈsɑɹə/ samsaras n
samsara
(philosophy, religion) In Jainism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and some other eastern religions, the ongoing cycle of birth, death, and rebirth endured by human beings and all other mortal beings, and from which release is obtained by achieving the highest enlightenment.

sanctimonious /ˌsæŋk.təˈmoʊ.ni.əs/ /ˌsæŋk.təˈməʊ.ni.əs/ /ˌsæŋk.tɪˈmoʊ.ni.əs/ /ˌsæŋk.tɪˈməʊ.ni.əs/ more sanctimonious most sanctimonious adj
bréagchráifeach béalchráifeach diagasúil
Making a show of being morally better than others, especially hypocritically pious.

sanctimony /ˈsæŋk.təˌmoʊ.ni/ /ˈsæŋk.təˌməʊ.ni/ /ˈsæŋk.tɪˌmoʊ.ni/ /ˈsæŋk.tɪˌməʊ.ni/ sanctimonies n
beannaíocht bréagchrábhadh
A hypocritical form of excessive piety, considered to be an affectation merely for public show.

sanctuary /ˈsæŋktjʊəɹi/ /ˈsæŋkt͡ʃuˌɛɹi/ /ˈsæŋkt͡ʃʊəɹi/ sanctuaries n
tearmann
A place of safety, refuge, or protection.
An area set aside for protection.
A state of being protected, asylum.

sand /sænd/ /sɛənd/ sands n
gaineamh
(uncountable) Rock that is ground more finely than gravel, but is not as fine as silt (more formally, see grain sizes chart), forming beaches and deserts and also used in construction.

sand flea sand fleas n
dreancaid mhara dreancaid trá
Any of various small crustaceans of the family Talitridae (order Amphipoda), that are found on beaches and jump like a flea.

sand lance sand lances n
corr ghainimh
Any of the slender fish of the family Ammodytidae.

sand martin sand martins n
gabhlán gainimh
A migratory passerine bird of the swallow family, Riparia riparia.

sand wedge sand wedges n
maide gainimh
(golf) A golf club (an iron) with a heavy flange on the bottom, ideal for bunker shots.

sandal /ˈsændəl/ sandals n
cuarán
A type of open shoe made up of straps or bands holding a sole to the foot

sandbank sandbanks n
oitir
A ridge of sand along a shore that is partially or totally submerged and thus a hazard to shipping.

sandbar sandbars n
guaire oitir
A ridge of sand caused by the action of waves along a shore.

sandbox /ˈsændbɑks/ /ˈsændbɒks/ sandboxes n
bosca gainimh
(US) A children's play area consisting of a box filled with sand.
bosca gainimh poll gainimh
A box filled with sand that is shaped to form a mould for metal casting.

sandcastle sandcastles n
caisleán gainimh
A sculpture made of sand and resembling a miniature castle; typically, but not always, made for fun by a child on a beach.

sanderling sanderlings n
luatharán
A small wading bird, Calidris alba, that breeds in the Arctic and winters on sandy shores and estuaries around the world.

sandfly sandflies n
míoltóg ghainimh
Any of various small flies of the genera Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus whose females suck the blood of vertebrates and thus spread leishmaniasis.

sandhill crane sandhill cranes n
grús Ceanadach
A crane native to North America and parts of Siberia (Antigone canadensis, syn. Grus canadensis).

sandman /ˈsænd.mæn/ sandmen n
Seán Ó Néill
(folklore) A figure that brings sleep and dreams by sprinkling magical sand into people's eyes. [from early 19th c.]

sandpiper /ˈsænd.paɪpə/ /ˈsænd.paɪpɚ/ sandpipers n
gobadán
Any of various small wading birds of the family Scolopacidae.

sandpit /ˈsænd.pɪt/ sandpits n
poll gainimh
A children’s play area consisting of a large container filled with sand.

sandspit sandspits n
gob
A small sandy point of land or a narrow shoal projecting into a body of water from the shore

sandstone /ˈsændˌstoʊn/ /ˈsændˌstəʊn/ sandstones n
gaineamhchloch cloch ghainimh
A sedimentary rock produced by the consolidation and compaction of sand, cemented with clay etc.

sandwich /ˈsæn(d)wɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsæn(d)wɪt͡ʃ/ /ˈsænˌ(d)wɪt͡ʃ/ [ˈsæmwɪd͡ʒ] [ˈsæmˌwɪt͡ʃ] [ˈsæmˌɪt͡ʃ] [ˈsæ̃wɪd͡ʒ] [ˈsæ̃ˌwɪt͡ʃ] sandwiches sandwichs n
ceapaire
A dish or foodstuff where at least one piece, but typically two or more pieces, of bread serve(s) as the wrapper or container of some other food.

sanguinary /ˈsæŋɡwɪnəɹi/ /ˈsæŋɡwɪnɛɹi/ more sanguinary most sanguinary adj
fuilbheartach fuilchíocrach fuilteach
(of a person) Eager to shed blood; bloodthirsty.

sanguine /ˈsæŋ.ɡwɪn/ more sanguine most sanguine adj
fola
(literary) Having the colour of blood; blood red. [from late 14th c.]
(obsolete, physiology) Having a bodily constitution characterised by a preponderance of blood over the other bodily humours, thought to be marked by irresponsible mirth; indulgent in pleasure to the exclusion of important matters.
aigeanta dearfach dóchasach
Anticipating the best; optimistic; confident; full of hope. [from early 16th c.]

sanguineness n
mórmhisneach
The property of being sanguine.

sapling /ˈsæplɪŋ/ saplings n
buinneán crann óg
A young tree, bigger than a seedling.

sapper /ˈsæpɚ/ sappers n
sapar

sapphic /ˈsæf.ɪk/ adj
Safach
Lesbian, relating to lesbianism, or (broadly) to women who are attracted (not necessarily exclusively) to women.

sapphire /ˈsæf.aɪ̯ə(ɹ)/ /ˈsæf.aɪ̯ɚ/ sapphires n
saifír
(countable) A clear deep blue variety of corundum, valued as a precious stone.
(countable, and, uncountable) A white, yellow, or purple variety of corundum, either clear or translucent.
(countable, and, uncountable) A deep blue colour.
(tincture) Azure, when blazoning by precious stones.
(countable) Any hummingbird in the genera Hylocharis and Chlorestes, as well as the rufous-throated sapphire, which is now in the genus Amazilia.
Any of the butterflies in the southern Asian lycaenid genus Heliophorus or the African lycaenid genus Iolaus.

sapro- prefix
sapra-
putrid, rotten matter

saprolite saprolites n
saprailít
a chemically weathered rock

saprophyte /ˈsæpɹəʊfaɪt/ saprophytes n
sapraifít
any organism that lives on dead organic matter, as certain fungi and bacteria

sapwood /ˈsapwʊd/ sapwoods n
sú-adhmad
The wood just under the bark of a stem or branch; it differs from the heartwood in color and in physiologic activity (flow of sap).

sarcasm /ˈsɑːɹˌkæzəm/ /ˈsɑːˌkæzəm/ sarcasms n
searbhas
(uncountable) Use of acerbic language to mock or convey contempt, often using irony and (in speech) often marked by overemphasis and a sneering tone of voice.

sarcoma /sɑɹˈkoʊmə/ sarcomas sarcomata n
sarcóma
(oncology) A type of malignant tumor of the bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue.

sarcophagus /-d͡ʒaɪ/ /sɑɹˈkɑfəɡaɪ/ /sɑɹˈkɑfəɡəs/ /sɑːˈkɒfəɡaɪ/ /sɑːˈkɒfəɡəs/ sarcophagi sarcophaguses sarcophagusses n
sarcafagas sarcófagas
A stone coffin, often with its exterior inscribed, or decorated with sculpture.

sardine /sɑɹˈdin/ /sɑːˈdiːn/ sardines n
sairdín
Any one of several species of small herring which are commonly preserved in olive oil or in tins for food, especially the pilchard, or European sardine Sardina pilchardus (syn. Clupea pilchardus). The California sardine Sardinops sagax (syn. Clupea sagax) is similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic coast are mostly the young of the Atlantic herring and of the menhaden.
(figurative) Someone packed or crammed into a small space.

sash window sash windows n
fuinneog shaise
(architecture) A window consisting of two sliding panels (sashes).

satanic /seɪˈtænɪk/ /səˈtænɪk/ more satanic most satanic adj
sátanach
(of, pertaining to or resembling Satan).
diabhlaí
Evil, fiendish, devilish or diabolical.

satchel /ˈsæt͡ʃəl/ satchels n
mála scoile
A bag or case with one or two shoulder straps, especially used to carry books etc.

satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/ satellites n
satailít
A moon or other smaller body orbiting a larger one. [from 17th c.]
A man-made apparatus designed to be placed in orbit around a celestial body, generally to relay information, data etc. to Earth. [from 20th c.]

satellite dish satellite dishes n
mias satailíte
A parabolic antenna designed to receive microwaves from communications satellites, which transmit data transmissions or broadcasts, such as satellite television.

satire /ˈsætaɪə/ /ˈsætaɪɹ/ satires n
aoir
(uncountable) A literary device of writing or art which principally ridicules its subject often as an intended means of provoking or preventing change or highlighting a shortcoming in the work of another. Imitation, humor, irony, and exaggeration are often used to aid this.

satirical /səˈtɪɹɪkəl/ more satirical most satirical adj
aorach
Of, pertaining to, or connected with satire.

satirist satirists n
aorthóir cáinte
A person who writes satire.

satisfaction /sætɪsˈfækʃən/ satisfactions n
sástacht
The pleasure obtained by such fulfillment.

satisfied /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/ more satisfied most satisfied adj
sásta
In a state of satisfaction.

saturated more saturated most saturated adj
sáithithe
(not comparable, chemistry, of a solution) Containing all the solute that can normally be dissolved at a given temperature.
(chemistry) Having all available valence bonds filled; especially of any organic compound containing only single bonds between carbon atoms.

saturated fat saturated fats n
saill sháithithe
A fat or oil, from either animal or vegetable sources, containing a high proportion of saturated fatty acids; will typically be solid at room temperature; a diet high in saturated rather than unsaturated fats is thought to contribute to higher levels of cholesterol in the blood.

sauce /sos/ /soːs/ /sɑs/ /sɔs/ /sɔːs/ sauces n
anlann
A liquid (often thickened) condiment or accompaniment to food.

saucepan /ˈsoːs.pɘn/ /ˈsoːsˌpɛn/ /ˈsɔsˌpæn/ /ˈsɔːs.pən/ saucepans n
scilléad sáspan
(countable, cookware) A deep cooking vessel with a handle and sometimes a lid; used for boiling, stewing and making sauces.

saucer /ˈsɑ.səɹ/ /ˈsɒ.səɹ/ /ˈsɔ.səɹ/ /ˈsɔː.sə/ saucers n
fochupán sásar
A small shallow dish to hold a cup and catch drips.
sásar
An object round and gently curved, shaped like a saucer.

saucerful saucerfuls saucersful n
lán sásair
As much as a saucer will hold.

sauciness saucinesses n
brusaireacht
The property of being saucy.

saucy /ˈsɑ.si/ /ˈsɔ.si/ /ˈsɔː.sɪ/ saucier sauciest adj
brusanta
(figurative) Impertinent or disrespectful, often in a manner that is regarded as entertaining or amusing; smart.

saunter /ˈsɑntɚ/ /ˈsɔntɚ/ /ˈsɔːntə/ v
meallac
(intransitive) To stroll, or walk at a leisurely pace.

sausage /ˈsæsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsɑsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsɑːsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsɒsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsɔsɪd͡ʒ/ sausages n
ispín
A food made of ground meat (or meat substitute) and seasoning, packed in a section of the animal's intestine, or in a similarly cylindrical shaped synthetic casing; a length of this food.

sauté /soʊˈteɪ/ /sɑˈteɪ/ /sɔˈteɪ/ /ˈsəʊteɪ/ v
sótáil
(transitive) To cook (food) using a small amount of fat in an open pan over a relatively high heat, allowing the food to brown and form a crust stopping it from sticking to the pan as it cooks.

savagery /ˈsæv.ɪd͡ʒ.ɹɪ/ savageries n
fiántas
Savages collectively; the world of savages.

save /seɪv/ saves n
sábháil
In various sports, a block that prevents an opponent from scoring.

save /seɪv/ v
ainic
To keep (something) safe; to safeguard.
slánaigh
(Christianity) To redeem or protect someone from eternal damnation.
sábháil
To help (somebody) to survive, or rescue (somebody or something) from harm.
(transitive) To store for future use.
(transitive, intransitive, computing, video games) To write a file to disk or other storage medium.

savings account savings accounts n
cuntas coigiltis
(finance, banking) A bank account designed for a client's savings, which compared to a current account typically entails withdrawal restrictions but yields a better interest

savings bank savings banks n
banc taisce
A type of financial institution that focuses on retail banking: savings of private depositors, payments, credits and insurances for individuals or small and medium-sized enterprises.

savior /ˈseɪvjə/ /ˈseɪvjɚ/ saviors n
slánaitheoir
A person who saves someone, rescues another from harm.

saw /ˈsɑ/ /ˈsɑl/ /ˈsɔ/ /ˈsɔː/ [ˈsɔɹ] saws n
sábh toireasc
A tool with a toothed blade used for cutting hard substances, in particular wood or metal.
nath seanrá
(archaic) A saying or proverb.

sawdust /ˈsɔːˌdʌst/ sawdusts n
min sáibh
The fine particles (dust) created by sawing wood or other material.

sawhorse /sɔ.hɔɹs/ /sɔː.hɔː(ɹ)s/ sawhorses n
binse sábhadóireachta
A structure with a crosspiece used to support timber or other material for working.

sawyer /ˈsɔ.jɚ/ /ˈsɔɪ.ə/ /ˈsɔɪ.ɚ/ /ˈsɔːjə/ sawyers n
sábhadóir
One who saws timber, especially in a sawpit.

saxophone /ˈsæksəfoʊn/ saxophones n
sacsafón
A single-reed instrument musical instrument of the woodwind family, usually made of brass and with a distinctive loop bringing the bell upwards.

saxophonist /ˈsæk.səˌfoʊn.ɪst/ /ˌsækˈsɑ.fə.nɪst/ /ˌsækˈsɒ.fə.nɪst/ saxophonists n
sacsafónaí
A person who owns, plays or practices with the saxophone.

say /seɪ/ said v
abair
(transitive) To tell, either verbally or in writing.
(transitive) To indicate in a written form.
(impersonal, transitive) To have a common expression; used in singular passive voice or plural active voice to indicate a rumor or well-known fact.
(intransitive) To speak; to express an opinion; to make answer; to reply.

say goodbye v
ceiliúir
(literal sense) To wish someone farewell upon their leaving.

say grace v
altaigh
(idiomatic) To recite a prayer of invocation or thanksgiving at meal time.

scab /skæb/ scabs n
gearb
An incrustation over a sore, wound, vesicle, or pustule, formed during healing.
gearbach
Common scab, a relatively harmless variety of scab (potato disease) caused by Streptomyces scabies.
(plant disease) Any one of various more or less destructive fungal diseases that attack cultivated plants, forming dark-colored crustlike spots.
(founding) A slight irregular protuberance which defaces the surface of a casting, caused by the breaking away of a part of the mold.

scabbard /ˈskæb.əd/ /ˈskæb.ɚd/ scabbards n
truaill
The sheath of a sword.

scabby /ˈskæb.i/ scabbier scabbiest adj
carrach gearbach scrathach
Affected with scabs; full of scabs.
gearbach
Diseased with the scab, or mange; mangy.

scad /skad/ /skæd/ scad scads n
gabhar
Any of several fish, of the family Carangidae, from the western Atlantic.

scaffold /ˈskæf.ld/ /ˈskæf.əld/ /ˈskæf.əʊld/ scaffolds n
scafall
A structure made of scaffolding for workers to stand on while working on a building.
croch
An elevated platform on which a criminal is executed.

scaffolding /ˈskæfəldɪŋ/ /ˈskæˌfoʊldɪŋ/ scaffoldings n
scafalra
A temporary modular system of tubes (or formerly wood) forming a framework used to support people and material in the construction or repair of buildings and other large structures.

scales /skeɪlz/ n
scálaí
A device for measuring weight.

scaling ladder scaling ladders n
dréimire dreapadóireachta
A ladder for the purpose of scaling the walls of a besieged fortification.

scallop /ˈskaləp/ /ˈskæləp/ /ˈskɑləp/ /ˈskɒləp/ /ˈskɔləp/ /ˈskɛləp/ scallops n
muirín
Any of various marine bivalve molluscs of the family Pectinidae which are free-swimming.
scolb
One of a series of curves, forming an edge similar to a scallop shell, especially in knitting and crochet.

scalp /skælp/ scalps n
craiceann an chinn
The part of the head where the hair grows from, or used to grow from.

scamper /ˈskæmpə/ /ˈskæmpɚ/ v
scinn sciurd
(intransitive) To run lightly and quickly, especially in a playful or undignified manner.

scandalmonger scandalmongers n
béadánaí
A person who trades in gossip; one who collects and disseminates rumors.

scandium /ˈskændi.əm/ n
scaindiam
A metallic chemical element, atomic number 21, obtained from some uranium ores; it is a transition element.

scanty /ˈskænti/ scantier scantiest adj
gearreireaballach
Somewhat less than is needed in amplitude or extent.

scapegoat /ˈskeɪpˌɡoʊt/ /ˈskeɪpˌɡəʊt/ scapegoats n
sceilpín gabhair
In the Mosaic Day of Atonement ritual, a goat symbolically imbued with the sins of the people, and sent out alive into the wilderness while another was sacrificed.
ceap milleáin
Someone unfairly blamed or punished for some failure.

scapular /ˈskapjʊlə/ adj
scaballach
Of or pertaining to the scapula. [from 18th c.]

scapular /ˈskapjʊlə/ scapulars n
scaball
(Christianity) A short cloak worn around the shoulders, adopted as part of the uniform of various religious orders, later often with an embroidered image of a saint. [from 15th c.]

scar /skɑɹ/ /skɑː(ɹ)/ scars n
colm
A permanent mark on the skin, sometimes caused by the healing of a wound.

scar tissue scar tissues n
fíochán coilm
(anatomy) A type of tissue found in animals containing a higher than normal amount of the protein collagen formed in a place where an injury has healed.

scarab /ˈskæɹəb/ /ˈskɛɹəb/ scarabs n
scarab
A symbol, seal, amulet, or gem fashioned to resemble the sacred beetle.

scarcely /ˈskɛəsli/ /ˈskɛɹsli/ more scarcely most scarcely adv
ar éigean ní móide
(modal) Probably not.
(modal) Certainly not.
ní móide
(degree) Hardly: only just; by a small margin.

scare /skɛə/ /skɛɚ/ /skɪə(ɹ)/ scares n
scanradh
A minor fright.

scare /skɛə/ /skɛɚ/ /skɪə(ɹ)/ v
cuir eagla ar scanraigh
To frighten, terrify, startle, especially in a minor way.

scarecrow /ˈskɛəkɹəʊ/ /ˈskɛɚˌkɹoʊ/ scarecrows n
fear bréige fear falsa
An effigy, typically made of straw and dressed in old clothes, fixed to a pole in a field to deter birds from eating crops or seeds planted there. [from 1530s]

scarf /skɑːf/ /skɑːɹf/ scarfs scarves n
cochall muifléad scairf scaif
A long, often knitted, garment worn around the neck.

scarlet /ˈskɐːlət/ /ˈskɑɹlɪt/ /ˈskɑːlɪt/ more scarlet most scarlet adj
scarlóideach
Of a bright red colour.

scarlet /ˈskɐːlət/ /ˈskɑɹlɪt/ /ˈskɑːlɪt/ scarlets n
scarlóid
A brilliant red colour tinged with orange.

scarlet fever scarlet fevers n
fiabhras dearg
(disease) A streptococcal infection, mainly occurring among children, and characterized by a red skin rash, sore throat and fever.

scarp /skɑɹp/ /skɑːp/ scarps n
scairp
(geology) A cliff at the edge of a plateau or ridge caused by erosion or faulting; the steeper side of an escarpment.

scary /ˈskɛəɹi/ /ˈskɛɹi/ adv
scanrúil
(informal) To a scary extent; scarily.

scatter /ˈskætə/ /ˈskætɚ/ v
easraigh
(transitive) To distribute loosely as by sprinkling.

scatterbrain scatterbrains n
uaill éagann
A flighty, disorganized or forgetful person.

scattered /ˈskætəd/ /ˈskætɚd/ more scattered most scattered adj
scaoilteach
Seemingly randomly distributed.

scavenge /ˈskæv.ɪndʒ/ v
cart
(transitive) To collect and remove refuse, or to search through refuse, carrion, or abandoned items for useful material.

scavenger /ˈskæv.ən.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ scavengers n
bailitheoir
Someone who scavenges, especially one who searches through rubbish for food or useful things.

scent /sɛnt/ scents n
boladh
A distinctive smell.

scheming more scheming most scheming adj
beartach
(pejorative) Tending to scheme; forming underhand plots.

schizoid /ˈskɪdzɔɪd/ /ˈskɪtsɔɪd/ schizoids n
sciotsóideach
(psychiatry) someone with schizoid personality disorder

schizoid personality disorder /ˈskɪdzɔɪd ˌpɜɹsəˈnælɪti dɪsˈɔːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈskɪdzɔɪd ˌpɝsəˈnælɪɾi dɪsˈɔːɹdɚ/ /ˈskɪtsɔɪd ˌpɜɹsəˈnælɪti dɪsˈɔːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈskɪtsɔɪd ˌpɝsəˈnælɪɾi dɪsˈɔːɹdɚ/ schizoid personality disorders n
an neamhord sciotsóideach pearsantachta
(psychiatry) A personality disorder characterized by social withdrawal, flat affect, very few, if any, close friends or personal relationships, excessive preoccupation with fantasy and insensitivity to prevailing social norms and conventions.

schizophrenia /ˌskɪt.səˈfɹiː.ni.ə/ /ˌskɪt.səˈfɹɛ.ni.ə/ /ˌskɪz.əˈfɹiː.ni.ə/ schizophrenias n
scitsifréine
(pathology) A psychiatric diagnosis denoting a persistent, often chronic, mental illness characterised by abnormal perception, thinking, behavior and emotion, often marked by delusions.

schnauzer /ˈʃnaʊzɚ/ schnauzers n
sneabhsar
A dog of a particular breed originating in Germany.

scholarly more scholarly most scholarly adj
léannta
Of or relating to scholastics or scholarship.

scholarship /ˈskɑːləɹʃɪp/ /ˈskɒləʃɪp/ scholarships n
scoláireacht
A grant-in-aid to a student.
(uncountable) The sum of knowledge accrued by scholars; the realm of refined learning.

school /skuːl/ /skuːɫ/ /skʉl/ schools n
scoil
(North America) An institution dedicated to teaching and learning; an educational institution.
(British) An educational institution providing primary and secondary education, prior to tertiary education (college or university).
Within a larger educational institution, an organizational unit, such as a department or institute, which is dedicated to a specific subject area.
An art movement, a community of artists.
(considered collectively) The followers of a particular doctrine; a particular way of thinking or particular doctrine; a school of thought.
The canons, precepts, or body of opinion or practice, sanctioned by the authority of a particular class or age.
scoil báire ráth
(collective) A group of fish or a group of marine mammals such as porpoises, dolphins, or whales.

school uniform school uniforms n
éide scoile
A number of uniform items which must be worn by pupils/students in a school.

schoolbag schoolbags n
mála scoile
A satchel used to carry supplies for school; a bookbag.

schoolbook schoolbooks n
leabhar scoile
A textbook, a book used, or prepared for use, in school.

schoolboy schoolboys n
buachaill scoile
A boy attending school.

schoolchild /ˈsku.əlt͡ʃaɪld/ /ˈskuːlt͡ʃaɪld/ schoolchildren n
páiste scoile
A young person attending school or of an age to attend school.

schoolgirl schoolgirls n
cailín scoile
A girl attending school.

schooner /skuːnə(ɹ)/ schooners n
scúnar
(watercraft) A sailing ship with two or more masts, all with fore-and-aft sails; if two masted, having a foremast and a mainmast.

science /ˈsaɪ.əns/ sciences n
eolaíocht
(countable) A particular discipline or branch of knowledge that is natural, measurable or consisting of systematic principles rather than intuition or technical skill. [from 14th c.]
(now, only, _, theology) The fact of knowing something; knowledge or understanding of a truth. [from 14th c.]
(uncountable) The collective discipline of study or learning acquired through the scientific method; the sum of knowledge gained from such methods and discipline. [from 18th c.]
eolas eolaíocht
(uncountable, archaic) Knowledge gained through study or practice; mastery of a particular discipline or area. [from 14th c.]

science fiction /ˈsaɪəns ˌfɪkʃən/ science fictions n
ficsean eolaíochta
Fiction in which advanced technology or science is a key element.
fantaisíocht
(by extension) Technology that, while theoretically possible, is not yet practical.

scientism scientisms n
eolaíochas
The belief that all truth is exclusively discovered through science.

scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/ /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ scientists n
eolaí
One whose activities make use of the scientific method to answer questions regarding the measurable universe. A scientist may be involved in original research, or make use of the results of the research of others.

scimitar /ˈsɪmɪtɑːɹ/ /ˈsɪmɪtə(ɹ)/ scimitars n
simeatár
A sword of Persian origin that features a curved blade.

scintillate /ˈsɪn.təˌleɪt/ /ˈsɪn.tɪˌleɪt/ v
aibhligh drithligh
(intransitive) To give off sparks; to shine as if emanating sparks; to twinkle or glow.

scion /ˈsaɪ.ɑn/ /ˈsaɪ.ən/ /ˈsaɪən/ scions n
beangán buinneán dias
A descendant, especially a first-generation descendant of a distinguished family.
beangán
(botany) A detached shoot or twig containing buds from a woody plant, used in grafting; a shoot or twig in a general sense.

scirrhous adj
crua-ailseach
(medicine) Proceeding from scirrhus; of the nature of scirrhus.

scissorbill scissorbills n
gob siosúir

scissors /ˈsɪzəz/ /ˈsɪzɚz/ scissors n
siosúr
(countable, usually, construed as plural) A tool used for cutting thin material, consisting of two crossing blades attached at a pivot point in such a way that the blades slide across each other when the handles are closed.

sclera /ˈsklɛəɹə/ /ˈsklɪəɹə/ sclerae scleras scleræ n
gealacán gealacán súile
(anatomy) The white of the eye; the tough outer coat of the eye that covers the eyeball except for the cornea.

scold /skoʊld/ /skəʊld/ [skɒʊɫd] scolds n
agóid
A person who habitually scolds, in particular a troublesome and angry woman.

scold /skoʊld/ /skəʊld/ [skɒʊɫd] v
sceamh ar
(ambitransitive) To rebuke angrily.

sconce /skɑns/ /skɒns/ sconces n
sconsa
A candlestick (holder for a candle, especially a circular tube, with a brim, into which a candle is inserted), either with a handle for carrying, or with a bracket for attaching to a wall.

scone /skoʊn/ /skɑn/ /skɒn/ /skəʊn/ scones n
scónsa bonnóg
A small, rich, pastry or quick bread, sometimes baked on a griddle.

scoop /skuːp/ scoops n
lán sluaiste
The act of scooping, or taking with a scoop or ladle; a motion with a scoop, as in dipping or shovelling.

scoop /skuːp/ v
scaob
(transitive) To lift, move, or collect with a scoop or as though with a scoop.

scoot /skuːt/ v
gread leat
(intransitive) To walk or travel fast; to go quickly.

scooter /ˈskuːtə(ɹ)/ scooters n
scútar
A motorscooter; a small motorcycle or moped with a step-through frame.

scope /ˈskoʊp/ /ˈskəʊp/ scopes n
scóp
The breadth, depth or reach of a subject; a domain.

scops owl scops owls n
ulchabhán scopach
A small European migratory owl, Otus scops, that winters in sub-Saharran Africa.

scorch /skɔɹt͡ʃ/ /skɔːtʃ/ v
tíor
(transitive) To burn the surface of something so as to discolour it

score /sko(ː)ɹ/ /skoə/ /skɔɹ/ /skɔː/ scores n
scór
The number of points accrued by each of the participants in a game, expressed as a ratio or a series of numbers.
(music) The written form of a musical composition showing all instrumental and vocal parts.
A notch or incision; especially, one that is made as a tally mark; hence, a mark, or line, made for the purpose of account.
fiche scór
Twenty, 20.

score /sko(ː)ɹ/ /skoə/ /skɔɹ/ /skɔː/ v
scor
(transitive) To cut a notch or a groove in a surface.
aimsigh scóráil
To earn points in a game.

scoreboard scoreboards n
scórchlár
A large board that displays the score in a game or contest.

scorecard scorecards n
cárta scóir
A printed card allowing spectators of a game to identify players and record progress.

scoresheet scoresheets n
bileog na scór clár na scór clár scórála
A sheet of paper (or similar) on which score is kept.

scorn /skɔɹn/ /skɔːn/ scorns n
dímheas tarcaisne
(uncountable) Contempt or disdain.

scorpion /-pɪ.ən/ /ˈskɔɹ.pi.ən/ /ˈskɔː.pi.ən/ scorpions n
scairp
Any of various arachnids of the order Scorpiones, related to the spiders, characterised by two large front pincers and a curved tail with a venomous sting in the end.

scoundrel /ˈskaʊ̯ndɹəl/ scoundrels n
alfraits anchúinse bithiúnach ropaire
A mean, worthless fellow; a rascal; a villain; a person without honour or virtue.

scourge /skɜɹd͡ʒ/ /skɜːd͡ʒ/ [skɔɹd͡ʒ] scourges n
sciúirse
(weaponry, chiefly, historical) A whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails; a lash.
A source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble, such as a cruel ruler, disease, pestilence, or war.

scowl /skaʊl/ scowls n
púic
The wrinkling of the brows or face in frowning; the expression of displeasure, sullenness, or discontent in the countenance; an angry frown.

scramble /ˈskɹæmbl̩/ v
scrobh
(transitive, military, also by extension) To quickly deploy (vehicles, usually aircraft) to a destination in response to an alert, usually to intercept an attacking enemy.

scrambled egg scrambled eggs n
uibheacha scrofa
(usually, in the plural) A dish made by beating and cooking eggs, sometimes mixed with milk, and typically stirred while cooking.

scrap /skɹæp/ scraps n
fuílleach
(usually, in the plural) Leftover food.

scrap paper n
fuíollpháipéar
Used paper, to be reused for jotting notes etc.

scrapie /ˈskɹeɪpi/ scrapies n
scráibeach
A degenerative prion disease of sheep and goats that attacks the central nervous system.

scratch /skɹæt͡ʃ/ v
scríob tochais
To rub a surface with a sharp object, especially by a living creature to remove itching with nails, claws, etc.

scratch card scratch cards n
scríobchárta
(gambling) A lottery ticket containing sections covered with an opaque waxy film which may be removed by scratching to reveal symbols that show whether or not a prize has been won.

scream /skɹim/ /skɹiːm/ screams n
scread
A loud, emphatic, exclamation of extreme emotion, especially horror, fear, excitement, or anger; it may comprise a word or a sustained, high-pitched vowel sound.

scree /skɹi/ /skɹiː/ screes n
sceallach scileach screathan
(uncountable) Loose stony debris on a slope. [from early 18th c.]

screech /skɹiːt͡ʃ/ [skɹit͡ʃ] [skɹiːt͡ʃ] screeches n
scréach
(countable) A high-pitched strident or piercing sound, such as that between a moving object and any surface.

screech owl screech owls n
scréachóg reilige ulscréachóg
Any New World owl of genus Megascops.

screen /skɹiːn/ [skɹ̥ʷɪi̯n] screens n
criathar
A material woven from fine wires intended to block animals or large particles from passing while allowing gasses, liquids and finer particles to pass.
scáileán
The informational viewing area of electronic devices, where output is displayed.
The viewing surface or area of a movie, or moving picture or slide presentation.

screen door screen doors n
doras greille
(US) A light door of mesh, outside of another door, used to prevent ingress by insects.

screen printing n
scagphriontáil
A printing technique in which ink is forced through a woven mesh with an ink-blocking stencil on it.

screensaver screensavers n
spárálaí scáileáin
(software) A computer program that displays aesthetic patterns or images when the computer is not being used, originally intended to prevent screenburn.

screw /skɹuː/ screws n
scriú
A steam vessel propelled by a screw instead of wheels.
(slang, derogatory) An extortioner; a sharp bargainer; a skinflint.

screwdriver screwdrivers n
scriúire
A hand tool or power tool which engages with the head of a screw and allows torque to be applied to turn the screw, thus driving it in or loosening it.

scribbler /ˈskɹɪblə(ɹ)/ /ˈskɹɪbələ(ɹ)/ scribblers n
breacaire breacaire páipéir
One who scribbles; a hasty or untalented writer or artist.

scribe /skɹaɪb/ scribes n
scríobhaí
Someone who writes; a draughtsperson; a writer for another; especially, an official or public writer; an amanuensis, secretary, notary, or copyist.

scripting language scripting languages n
teanga scriptithe

scrivener /ˈskɹɪvnə(ɹ)/ /ˈskɹɪvənəɹ/ scriveners n
breacaire breacaire páipéir

scrofula /ˈskɹɒfjʊlə/ /ˈskɹɔfjələ/ scrofulae scrofulas scrofulæ n
easpa bhrád gad brád
(pathology) A form of tuberculosis, most common in women 30-40 years of age, tending to cause enlarged and degenerated lymph nodes, especially in the neck, and often chronic, intractable skin inflammation as well.

scrotum /ˈskɹoʊ.təm/ /ˈskɹəʊ.təm/ scrota scrotums n
bosán cadairne cochall
(anatomy) The sac of skin and muscle that contains the testicles in most mammals.

scrubbing brush scrubbing brushes n
scuab sciúrtha
A short brush with stiff bristles, held in the hand, used for scrubbing floors etc.

scrum /skɹʌm/ scrums n
clibirt
(rugby) In rugby union or rugby league, all the forwards joined together in an organised way.

scrunchie /ˈskɹʌnt͡ʃi/ scrunchies n
lúbán
A small elasticated ring of fabric placed around long hair to hold it in place behind the head.

scuffling scufflings n
afrasc
a confused struggle

scullery maid scullery maids n
cailín cistine
(historical, in large houses) A domestic servant, of lowest status, whose job is to wash dishes and do other menial chores.

sculptor /ˈskʌlptɚ/ sculptors n
dealbhóir snoíodóir
A person who sculpts; an artist who produces sculpture.

sculpture /ˈskʌlptj(ʊ)ə/ /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃə/ /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃɚ/ sculptures n
dealbhóireacht dealbh
(countable) A three dimensional work of art created by shaping malleable objects and letting them harden or by chipping away pieces from a rock (sculpting).
dealbhóireacht
Works of art created by sculpting, as a group.

sculpture /ˈskʌlptj(ʊ)ə/ /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃə/ /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃɚ/ v
dealbhaigh
To fashion something into a three-dimensional figure.

scum /skʌm/ scums n
gramaisc
(derogatory, slang) A reprehensible person or persons.

scurf /skɜː(ɹ)f/ scurfs n
gainne
The flakes of skin that fall off as a result of a skin disease.

scurry /ˈskɜɹ.i/ /ˈskʌɹ.i/ v
scinn sciurd
To run with quick light steps, to scamper.

scut /skət/ /skʊt/ /skʌt/ scuts n
sciot
A short, erect tail, as of a hare, rabbit, or deer.

scuttle /ˈskʌ.təl/ [ˈskʌ.təɫ] [ˈskʌ.tɫ̩] [ˈskʌ.ɾəɫ] [ˈskʌ.ɾɫ̩] v
scinn sciurd
(intransitive) To move hastily, to scurry.

scythe /ˈsaɪð/ /ˈsaɪθ/ scythes n
speal
An instrument for mowing grass, grain, etc. by hand, composed of a long, curving blade with a sharp concave edge, fastened to a long handle called a snath. [before 10th century]
(historical) A scythe-shaped blade attached to ancient war chariots.
(cartomancy) The tenth Lenormand card.

scythe /ˈsaɪð/ /ˈsaɪθ/ v
speal
(transitive) To cut off as with a scythe; to mow. [from 1590s]

scytheman scythemen n
spealadóir
One who uses a scythe; a mower.

sea /seɪ/ /siː/ seas n
farraige muir
The ocean; the continuous body of salt water covering a majority of the Earth's surface.

sea anemone sea anemones n
bundún leice
Any of many polyps, of the order Actiniaria, which occurs in marine and estuarine habitats, and which captures its food using tentacles.

sea bass /ˈsiːbæs/ sea bass sea basses n
doingean mara Eorpach bas doingean mara
Any of various species of saltwater fish in various families, or a specimen thereof, in several families in order Perciformes

sea cucumber sea cucumbers n
súmaire cladaigh
An echinoderm of the class Holothuroidea, with an elongated body and leathery skin.

sea grape sea grapes n
fíonchaor thrá
A small tree, Coccoloba uvifera, that grows on sandy beaches in tropical America; it has clusters of purple fruit.

sea holly sea hollies n
cuileann duimhche cuileann trá
The plant Eryngium maritimum.

sea horse sea horses n
capall mara
Any of various small marine fish of the genus Hippocampus that have a horselike head and swim upright.

sea ivory n
eabhar mara
Ramalina siliquosa, a species of lichen.

sea lettuce sea lettuces n
glasán
Any of several edible seaweeds of the genus Ulva.

sea level sea levels n
leibhéal na farraige leibhéal na mara
The nominal height of the surface of the oceans above which heights of geographical features and aircraft flight levels are measured.

sea lion /ˈsiː ˈlaɪən/ /ˈsiːˌlaɪən/ sea lions n
mór-rón rón mór
A marine mammal of any of several genera in the family Otariidae (the eared seals).

sea monster sea monsters n
ollphéist mhara
(mythological creature) A large and aggressive creature living in or under the sea that attacks ships.

sea onion sea onions n
sciolla earraigh
A spring squill (Scilla verna), a plant of Atlantic Europe.

sea otter sea otters n
dobhrán mara
A marine mammal native to the northern Pacific Ocean, Enhydra lutris.

sea salt sea salts n
salann sáile
salt prepared by evaporating seawater.

sea serpent sea serpents n
nathair mhara ollphéist mhara péist chon péist mhara
Any unidentified sea monster, especially one resembling a snake or dragon.

sea urchin /ˈsi ˌɝtʃɪ̈n/ sea urchins n
cuán mara
Any of many marine echinoderms, of the class Echinoidea, commonly found in shallow water, having a complex chewing structure named Aristotle's lantern.

seabream seabream seabreams n
deargán garbhánach súgach
Any of several species of marine fish of the families Sparidae or Bramidae found in shallow temperate and tropical waters around the World.

seal /siːl/ seals n
rón
A pinniped (Pinnipedia), particularly an earless seal (true seal) or eared seal.

sealing /ˈsiːlɪŋ/ n
sealgaireacht rónta
Hunting of seals (the animals).

seam /siːm/ seams n
síog
(geology) A thin stratum, especially of an economically viable material such as coal or mineral.
éasc
A line or depression left by a cut or wound; a scar; a cicatrix.

seamanship /ˈsiː.mənˌʃɪp/ seamanships n
loingseoireacht
(nautical) Skill in, and knowledge of, the work of navigating, maintaining, and operating a vessel at sea.

seamstress /ˈsiːm(p).stɹɪs/ /ˈsɛm(p).stɹɪs/ seamstresses n
bean fuála maintín
A woman who sews clothes professionally.

seaquake seaquakes n
muirchrith

search /sɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃ/ /sɜːt͡ʃ/ /sɝt͡ʃ/ searches n
cuardach
An attempt to find something.

search /sɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃ/ /sɜːt͡ʃ/ /sɝt͡ʃ/ v
cuardaigh
(transitive) To look in (a place) for something.

search engine search engines n
inneall cuardaigh
(computing) An application that searches for, and retrieves, data based on some criteria, especially one that searches the Internet for documents containing specified words.

seascape seascapes n
amharc mara radharc mara
A view of the sea.
muirdhreach muirphictiúr
A piece of art that depicts the sea or shoreline.

seashell seashells n
sliogán sliogán trá
The empty shell of a marine mollusk.

seasick /siːsɪk/ more seasick most seasick adj
tinneas farraige a bheith ort
Suffering from sickness, nausea or dizziness due to the motion of a ship at sea.

seasickness /ˈsiːsɪk.nəs/ seasicknesses n
tinneas farraige
Nausea, dizziness etc caused by the motion of a ship; a form of motion sickness.

season /ˈsiː.zən/ seasons n
séasúr ráithe
A part of a year when something particular happens.

season /ˈsiː.zən/ v
leasaigh
(transitive) To flavour food with spices, herbs or salt.

seat belt seat belts n
crios sábhála
(automotive) A restraining belt attached to a vehicle seat and fastened around occupants in order to keep them in place and decelerate them smoothly rather than suddenly in an accident, mitigating the risk of injury from uncontrolled impact with injurious objects.

seawater seawaters n
sáile
The saltwater of a sea or ocean.

seaweed /ˈsiwid/ seaweeds n
feamainn
Any of numerous marine plants and algae, such as a kelp.

seawrack n
turscar
Mass(es) of seaweed washed ashore and in piles along a shore, predominantly algae of family Fucaceae.

sebaceous /səˈbeɪ.ʃəs/ adj
geireach
of or relating to fat, sebum

sebaceous gland sebaceous glands n
faireog gheireach
(anatomy) A gland of the skin which secretes an oily substance, sebum, usually into a hair follicle near the surface of the skin.

secede /sɪˈsiːd/ v
dealaigh scar
(intransitive) To split from or to withdraw from membership of a political union, an alliance or an organisation.
(transitive, uncommon) To split or to withdraw one or more constituent entities from membership of a political union, an alliance or an organisation.

seclusion /səˈkluːʒən/ seclusions n
iargúltacht
A secluded, isolated or private place.

second /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)nt/ /ˈsɛkənd/ /ˈsɛkɪnd/ adj
dara dóú
Number-two; following after the first one with nothing between them. The ordinal number corresponding to the cardinal number two.

second /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)nt/ seconds n
soicind
A unit of time historically and commonly defined as a sixtieth of a minute which the International System of Units more precisely defines as the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels of caesium-133 in a ground state at a temperature of absolute zero and at rest.
A unit of angle equal to one-sixtieth of a minute of arc or one part in 3600 of a degree.
(informal) A short, indeterminate amount of time.

second /səˈkɑnd/ /səˈkɒnd/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)nt/ v
cuidigh
(Should we move, merge or split(+) this sense?) (transitive) To agree as a second person to (a proposal), usually to reach a necessary quorum of two. (This may come from etymology 1 above.)

second cousin second cousins n
col seisir
A grandchild of a grandparent's sibling.
A relative who has with the other person only two great-grandparents in common, but where the parents and grandparents are different.

second-degree burn second-degree burns n
ball dóite den dara grád
a burn, more severe than a first-degree burn, that blisters the skin

secondary education n
meánoideachas
Education that follows primary education and leads to either employment or college / university education.

secondary school secondary schools n
ardscoil meánscoil

secrecy /ˈsiːkɹəsi/ secrecies n
rúndacht
Concealment; the condition of being secret or hidden.

secret /ˈsiːkɹət/ /ˈsiːkɹɛt/ /ˈsiːkɹɪt/ more secret most secret adj
rúnda rún
Being or kept hidden. [from late 14th c.]

secret /ˈsiːkɹət/ /ˈsiːkɹɛt/ /ˈsiːkɹɪt/ secrets n
rún scéal rúin
(countable) A piece of knowledge that is hidden and intended to be kept hidden. [from late 14th c.]

secretariat /ˌsɛkɹəˈtɛəɹɪət/ /ˌsɛkɹəˈtɛɹi.ət/ secretariats n
ardrúnaíocht rúnaireacht rúnaíocht
The office or department of a government secretary.

secretary /ˈsɛk.(ɹ)əˌtɛɹ.i/ /ˈsɛk.ɹə.tə.ɹi/ /ˈsɛk.ɹə.tɹi/ [ˈsɛk.(ɹ)əˌtʰɛɹ.i] secretaries n
rúnaí
A person who keeps records, takes notes and handles general clerical work.
(often, capitalized) The head of a department of government.
A managerial or leading position in certain non-profit organizations, such as political parties, trade unions, international organizations.
A secretary bird, a bird of the species Sagittarius serpentarius.

secretary bird /ˈsɛkɹəˌtɛɹɪ bɜːd/ secretary birds n
rúnaí
A large terrestrial bird of prey, Sagittarius serpentarius, native to Africa with very long legs that preys on reptiles, especially snakes.

secretly /ˈsiː.kɹət.li/ /ˈsiː.kɹɪt.li/ adv
gan fhios
In secret, covertly.

section /ˈsɛkʃən/ sections n
rannóg
A part, piece, subdivision of anything.

secular /ˈsɛkjələɹ/ /ˈsɛkjʊlə/ more secular most secular adj
saolta tuata
Not specifically religious; lay or civil, as opposed to clerical.

secularist secularists n
dí-eaglaisí
A person who believes in or supports secularism.

secularize v
dí-eaglaisigh
(transitive) To make secular.

secure /səˈkjɔɹ/ /səˈkjɔː(ɹ)/ /səˈkjɝ/ /səˈkjʊə(ɹ)/ /səˈkjʊɹ/ more secure most secure securer securest adj
diongbháilte
Firm and not likely to fail; stable.

secure /səˈkjɔɹ/ /səˈkjɔː(ɹ)/ /səˈkjɝ/ /səˈkjʊə(ɹ)/ /səˈkjʊɹ/ v
urraigh
To make safe; to relieve from apprehensions of, or exposure to, danger; to guard; to protect.

securitization /sɪˈkjʊəɹɪtʌɪzeɪʃən/ securitizations n
urrúsú
(commerce, finance) The fact or process of securitizing assets; the conversion of loans into securities, usually in order to sell them on to other investors.

securitize v
urrúsaigh
(finance) To convert assets or claims (typically outstanding loans or other receivables) to securities, usually by selling them with a discount to a financial intermediary, which pools them with other similar assets and sells further as securities to third-party investors.

security /səˈkjɔɹ.ɪˌti/ /səˈkjʊɹ.ɪˌti/ /sɪˈkjɔːɹəti/ /sɪˈkjʊəɹəti/ [səˈkjɔɹ.ɪˌɾi] [səˈkjʊɹ.ɪˌɾi] securities n
tearmann slándáil sábháilteacht
(uncountable) The condition of not being threatened, especially physically, psychologically, emotionally, or financially.
lucht slándála
An organization or department responsible for providing security by enforcing laws, rules, and regulations as well as maintaining order.

security forces n
fórsaí slándála
(political, euphemism) An army.

security guard security guards n
garda slándála
A person who is employed to provide security for people or property.

sedate /səˈdeɪt/ /sɪˈdeɪt/ more sedate most sedate sedater sedatest adj
státúil
(of a person or their behaviour) Remaining composed and dignified, and avoiding too much activity or excitement.

sedentary /ˈsɛd.ən.tə.ɹi/ /ˈsɛd.ən.tɛɹ.i/ /ˈsɛd.ən.tɹi/ more sedentary most sedentary adj
neamhaistreach
Not moving; relatively still; staying in the vicinity.
(medicine, of a job, lifestyle, etc.) Not moving much; sitting around.

sedge /sɛd͡ʒ/ sedges n
cíb
Any plant of the family Cyperaceae.
seisg
Any plant of the genus Carex, the true sedges; perennial, endogenous herbs with triangular jointless stems, a spiked inflorescence, and long grass-like leaves which are usually rough on the margins and midrib.

sediment /ˈsɛd.ɪ.mənt/ sediments n
dríodar
A collection of small particles, particularly dirt, that precipitates from a river or other body of water.

sedimentary rock sedimentary rocks n
carraig dríodair
(geology) One of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; formed by the deposition of either the weathered remains of other rocks, the results of biological activity, or precipitation from solution.

sedimentation sedimentations n
dríodrú
The separation of a suspension of solid particles into a concentrated slurry and a supernatant liquid, either to concentrate the solid or to clarify the liquid.

see /ˈsi/ /ˈsiː/ v
feic
(transitive) To perceive or detect someone or something with the eyes, or as if by sight.

seed /siːd/ seeds n
síol
(countable) Any small seed-like fruit.
(uncountable) Semen.

seed /siːd/ v
síolaigh
(transitive) To plant or sow an area with seeds.

seed oyster seed oysters n
oisre síl
A young oyster, especially when of a size suitable for transplantation to a new locality.

seed potato seed potatoes n
práta póir
A potato, usually with tiny shoots (chits), which is planted in the ground in order to grow a potato plant.

seedbed seedbeds n
ceapach síl
Ground prepared for the planting of seeds.

seedtime /ˈsiːdˌtaɪm/ seedtimes n
aimsir an tsíl
The time to sow seeds.

seeing /ˈsiːɪŋ/ seeings n
feiceáil
The action of the verb to see; eyesight.

seeing is believing proverb
déanann fearann fianaise déanann feiceáil fírinne
(idiomatic) You need to see something to believe it; visible facts cannot be denied.

seeker /ˈsikɚ/ /ˈsiːkə/ seekers n
sirtheoir
One who seeks.

seem /siːm/ v
taibhsigh
(copulative) To appear; to look outwardly; to be perceived as.

seer /sɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈsiːə(ɹ)/ seers n
fáidh
One who foretells the future; a clairvoyant, prophet, soothsayer or diviner.

seeress seeresses n
banfháidh
A female seer.

seersucker /ˈsɪəˌsʌk.ə/ /ˈsɪɹˌsʌk.ɚ/ seersuckers n
cnapéadach

seesaw /ˈsi.sɔ/ /ˈsiː.sɑː/ /ˈsiː.sɔː/ seesaws n
cranndaí bogadaí maide corrach
A structure composed of a plank, balanced in the middle, used as a game in which one person goes up as the other goes down.

segment /sɛɡˈmɛnt/ /ˈsɛɡ.mənt/ /ˈsɛɡmɛnt/ segments n
deighleog
A length of some object.

seismogram seismograms n
seismeagram
(geology) The graphical output from an accelerograph or seismograph.

seismograph /ˈsaɪz.mə.ɡɹæf/ seismographs n
seismeagraf
An instrument that automatically detects and records the intensity, direction and duration of earthquakes and similar events.

seismologist seismologists n
seismeolaí
A person who is skilled at, professes, or practices seismology.

seismology /saɪs.ˈmɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /saɪs.ˈmɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /saɪzˈmɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /saɪzˈmɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ n
seismeolaíocht
The study of the vibration of the Earth's interior caused by natural and unnatural sources, such as earthquakes.

seize /siːz/ v
urghabh
(transitive) To take possession of (by force, law etc.).

seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/ /ˈsizjʊɚ/ /ˈsiː.ʒə(ɹ)/ [ˈsɪi.ʒə(ɹ)] seizures n
forghabháil gabháil glacadh urghabháil
The act of taking possession, as by force or right of law.
gabhlán taom
A sudden attack or convulsion, (e.g. an epileptic seizure).
taom
A sudden onset of pain or emotion.

seldom /ˈsɛldəm/ more seldom most seldom seldomer seldomest adv
annamh
Infrequently, rarely.

select /sɪˈlɛkt/ v
togh
To choose one or more elements of a set, especially a set of options.

selection /səˈlɛkʃən/ selections n
rogha
The process or act of selecting.
Something selected.

selenite /ˈsɛlɪnaɪt/ selenites n
seiléinít
(inorganic chemistry) The anion SeO32− derived from selenous acid; any salt or ester of selenous acid.

selenium /səˈliːni.əm/ /sɪˈliːni.əm/ seleniums n
seiléiniam
A nonmetallic chemical element (symbol Se) with an atomic number of 34, used mainly in glassmaking and pigments and as a semiconductor.

selenography n
seiléineagrafaíocht
(astronomy, geography, cartography) The scientific study of the Moon's geographic features; geography of the Moon.

self /sɛf/ /sɛlf/ selfs selves n
féin
An individual person as the object of the person's own reflective consciousness (plural selves).

self- /sɛlf/ prefix
féin-
of, by, in or with oneself or itself

self-abnegation self-abnegations n
féindiúltú

self-assured more self-assured most self-assured adj
diongbháilte
confident in one's own abilities

self-aware more self-aware most self-aware adj
féin-chomhfhiosach
Aware of oneself as an individual that exists in the real world.

self-awareness n
féinfheasacht féinfhios
The state or property of being self-aware; state of being aware of oneself as an individual.

self-belief n
féinmhuinín
Trust in one's positive characteristics; self-confidence; self-worth.

self-care n
féinchúram
The care given to oneself, especially to maintain one's physical or psychological well-being.

self-confidence self-confidences n
féinmhuinín
The state or degree of being self-confident: believing in one's own abilities.

self-confident more self-confident most self-confident adj
féinmhuiníneach
Confident in one's own abilities.

self-conscious more self-conscious most self-conscious adj
féin-chomhfhiosach
Aware of oneself as an individual being.

self-denial self-denials n
féindiúltú staonadh
Action that sacrifices one's own benefit for the good of others.

self-determination /ˌsɛlfdɪˌtɜː(ɹ)mɪˈneɪʃən/ n
féinchinneadh féinchinntiúchán
(politics) The political independence of a people

self-discipline n
féin-araíonacht
Control of oneself, willpower.

self-employed adj
féinfhostaithe
Working for oneself, rather than for an employer.

self-employment n
féinfhostaíocht
Working for oneself, as being an independent contractor.

self-esteem /ˌsɛlf.əˈstiːm/ self-esteems n
féinmheas
Confidence in one's own worth; self-respect.

self-fulfilling adj
féin-chomhlíontach
Describing a prediction that causes itself to occur as predicted.

self-fulfillment self-fulfillments n
féin-chomhlíonadh
Personal fulfillment or satisfaction.

self-government n
féinriail féinrialtas féinrialú
The governance of a region by its own populace; autonomy.

self-help n
féinchabhair féinchúnamh
The practice of bettering oneself without relying on the assistance of others.

self-image self-images n
féiníomhá
A person's own view of themselves and their own character and worth.

self-importance n
mórchúis postúlacht
An exaggerated estimate of one's own importance or merit, especially as manifested by the conduct or manners; self-conceit.

self-important more self-important most self-important adj
gusmhar gustalach leitheadach mórchúiseach mórluachach postúil
Having, or behaving as if having, too high of an opinion of one's own importance.

self-indulgence self-indulgences n
só
Excessive or immoderate indulgence of one's own personal desires and needs above all others.

self-indulgent more self-indulgent most self-indulgent adj
sácráilte
Exhibiting tendencies of self-indulgence.

self-knowledge /ˈsɛlfˌnɑl.ɪdʒ/ /ˈsɛlfˌnɒl.ɪdʒ/ n
féinaithne féinfhios
Knowledge or insight into one's own nature and abilities.

self-love n
féinghrá
Regard for oneself; love of oneself.

self-portrait self-portraits n
féinphortráid
The bust of an artist by the artist him/herself; a portrait of the painter who painted it.

self-preservation /ˌsɛlfˌpɹɛzɜˈɹ.veɪ.ʃən/ n
féinchaomhnú
The instinctive behaviour that protects oneself from harm.

self-propelled adj
féinghluaiste
Having its own means of propulsion that moves with it.

self-respect n
féinmheas
The knowledge of one's own worth, valuing one's self; pride.

self-righteous more self-righteous most self-righteous adj
ceartaiseach
Piously self-assured and smugly moralistic.

self-rule n
féinriail
Rule of a group of people by their own leaders as opposed to rule imposed by a foreign government or people.

self-sacrifice self-sacrifices n
féiníobairt
The giving up of one's own benefit for the good of others.

self-satisfaction n
bogás
A feeling of fulfillment or contentment with respect to one's own accomplishments or situation.

self-service n
féinfhreastal féinseirbhís
(often, attributive) The practice of serving oneself, usually when purchasing items.

self-sterile more self-sterile most self-sterile adj
féinaimrid
(of a plant) Incapable of self-fertilization.

self-sufficiency n
neamhthuilleamaíocht
The condition of being self-sufficient.

self-sufficient more self-sufficient most self-sufficient adj
neamhthuilleamaíoch
Able to provide for oneself independently of others; not needing external support. [from 16th c.]

self-sustaining more self-sustaining most self-sustaining adj
féinchothabhálach féinchothaithe

selfheal selfheals n
duáinín an tseanchais duán ceannchosach duán donn tae na ngarraithe
A small, herbaceous European plant with blue-violet flowers from any species of genus Prunella.

selfie /ˈsɛlfi/ selfies n
féinphic féinín
(informal, mobile phones) A photographic self-portrait, especially one taken manually (not using a timer, tripod etc.) with a small camera or mobile phone.

selfish /ˈsɛlf.ɪʃ/ [ˈsɛɫ̥fɪʃ] more selfish most selfish selfisher selfishest adj
cóngarach duit féin féineach leithleach
Holding one's own self-interest as the standard for decision making.
leithleach
Having regard for one's own well-being above that of others.

selfishness /ˈsɛl.fɪʃ.nəs/ selfishnesses n
leithleachas
The quality of being selfish, the condition of putting one's own interests before those of others.

selkie selkies n
banrón leanbh-rón maighdean mhara
(Celtic mythology) A seal which can magically transform into a human by shedding its skin.

sell /sɛl/ v
díol
(transitive, ditransitive, intransitive) To transfer goods or provide services in exchange for money.

sell-by date sell-by dates n
spriocdháta díola
The final date on which a perishable product can be legally sold to the public.

semblance /ˈsɛm.bləns/ semblances n
amhlachas
likeness, similarity; the quality of being similar.

semen /ˈsiːmən/ semens n
seamhan síol
A sticky, milky fluid produced in male reproductive organs that contains the reproductive cells.

semi- /sɛmaɪ/ /sɛmi/ prefix
leath-
half

semi-detached semi-detacheds n
teach leathscoite
Such a house.

semi-trailer truck semi-trailer trucks n
leoraí altach
A tractor-trailer or big rig, consisting of a semi-trailer and a semitruck pulling it.

semiannual adj
leathbhliantúil
Biannual: occurring twice a year

semibreve semibreves n
lán-nóta
(music) A musical note four beats long in 4/4 time; a whole note (US)

semicolon /-ˈkəʊlɒn/ /ˈsɛmikoʊlən/ /ˌsɛmiˈkəʊlən/ semicola semicolons n
leathstad leathstadanna
The punctuation mark ;.

semiconductor semiconductors n
leathsheoltóir
(physics) A substance with electrical properties intermediate between a good conductor and a good insulator.

semifinal semifinals n
cluiche leathcheannais
A competition that narrows a field of contestants (semifinalists) to a set of finalists, for a subsequent final.

seminarist seminarists n
coláisteánach
(Roman Catholicism) A student training to be a priest at a Roman Catholic seminary.

seminiferous more seminiferous most seminiferous adj
seamhanmhar
(anatomy) conveying, containing, bearing, or producing semen or seminal fluid

semolina pudding semolina puddings n
maróg sheimilín
A soft dessert made by boiling a mixture of semolina, sugar and flavourings in milk.

senate /ˈsenət/ /ˈsɛnət/ /ˈsɛnɪt/ senates n
seanad
In some bicameral legislative systems, the upper house or chamber.

senator /ˈsɛn.ə.tə/ /ˈsɛn.ə.tɚ/ senators n
seanadóir
A member, normally elected, in the house or chamber of a legislature called a senate, as, for instance, the legislatures of the United States and Canada.
In Germany, a minister of the executive branch of government in the city states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg; and a government official of cities that were part of the Hanseatic League.

send /sɛnd/ v
cuir
(transitive, ditransitive) To make something (such as an object or message) go from one place to another (or to someone).

senile /ˈsinaɪl/ /ˈsiːnaɪl/ more senile most senile adj
seanaoise
Of, or relating to old age.
siabhránach
(often, offensive) Exhibiting the deterioration in mind and body often accompanying old age; doddering.

sensationalism sensationalisms n
gáifeachas scailéathan táblóideachas
The use of sensational subject matter, style or methods, or the sensational subject matter itself; behavior, published materials, or broadcasts that are intentionally controversial, exaggerated, lurid, loud, or attention-grabbing. Especially applied to news media in a pejorative sense that they are reporting in a manner to gain audience or notoriety but at the expense of accuracy and professionalism.
céadfaíochas
(philosophy) A theory of philosophy that all knowledge is ultimately derived from the senses.

sense /sɛn(t)s/ /sɪn(t)s/ senses n
céadfa
Any of the manners by which living beings perceive the physical world: for humans sight, smell, hearing, touch, taste.
ciall
Perception through the intellect; apprehension; awareness.
The meaning, reason, or value of something.
(semantics) A single conventional use of a word; one of the entries or definitions for a word in a dictionary.
A natural appreciation or ability.
(mathematics) One of two opposite directions of rotation, clockwise versus anti-clockwise.
ciall réasún
Sound practical or moral judgment.

sense /sɛn(t)s/ /sɪn(t)s/ v
airigh
To use biological senses: to either see, hear, smell, taste, or feel.

senseless /ˈsɛnsləs/ more senseless most senseless adj
gan chiall
Lacking meaning or purpose; without common sense.
díchéillí
Without consideration, awareness or sound judgement

sensibility /ˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪti/ sensibilities n
céadfacht céadfaíocht

sensible /ˈsɛns.ə.bəl/ /ˈsɛns.ɪ.bəl/ [ˈsɛn̥səbɫ̩] [ˈsɛn̥sɪbl̩] more sensible most sensible sensiblest adj
ciallmhar réasúnta
Acting with or showing good sense; able to make good judgements based on reason or wisdom, or reflecting such ability.
céadfach céadfaíoch inchéadfaithe
(especially, _, formally) Able to be sensed by the senses or the psyche; able to be perceived.
céadfach céadfaíoch
(archaic) Able to feel or perceive.
inchéadfaithe
(archaic) Liable to external impression; easily affected; sensitive.

sensitive plant sensitive plants n
lus cigilteach
A plant that moves in response to touch and other physical stimuli; especially Mimosa pudica, an annual plant native to Central and South America. [from 17th c.]

sensitivity /ˈsɛnsɪvəti/ /ˌsɛnsəˈtɪvəti/ /ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti/ sensitivities n
íogaireacht
The quality or state of being sensitive; sensitiveness.

sensor /ˈsɛn.sə/ /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ sensors n
braiteoir
A device or organ that detects certain external stimuli and responds in a distinctive manner.

sensory /ˈsɛn.sə.ɹi/ adj
céadfach céadfaíoch
Of the physical senses or sensation.

sentence /ˈsɛntəns/ [ˈsɛntn̩(t)s] [ˈsɛnʔn̩(t)s] sentences n
abairt
(grammar) A grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate, even if one or the other is implied. In modern writing, when using e.g. the Latin, Greek or Cyrillic alphabets, typically beginning with a capital letter and ending with a full stop or other punctuation. [from 15th c.]

sentence /ˈsɛntəns/ [ˈsɛntn̩(t)s] [ˈsɛnʔn̩(t)s] v
daor
(transitive) To declare a sentence on a convicted person; to condemn to punishment.

sentinel /ˈsɛntɪnəl/ sentinels n
fairtheoir
A sentry, watch, or guard.
(computer science) A unique value recognised by a computer program for processing in a special way, or marking the end of a set of data.

separate /ˈsep.əˌɹæɪt/ /ˈsep.ɹət/ /ˈsɛp.ə.ɹət/ /ˈsɛp.əˌɹeɪt/ /ˈsɛp.ɚˌeɪt/ /ˈsɛp.ɹət/ v
deighil scaoil i
(transitive) To disunite from a group or mass; to disconnect.

separately /ˈsɛpəɹətli/ /ˈsɛpɹətli/ adv
ar leith
In a separate manner; not together; apart.

separation /ˌsep.əˈɹæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɛp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ separations n
deighilt scaradh
The act of disuniting two or more things, or the condition of being separated.
deighilt
An interval, gap or space that separates things or people.

sepia /ˈsiːpiə/ /ˈsɛpiə/ sepias n
dúch cudail
A dark brown pigment made from the secretions of the cuttlefish. [from 1820s]

septic /ˈsɛp.tɪk/ more septic most septic adj
seipteach
Causing sepsis or putrefaction.
Of or pertaining to sewage or the disposal of sewage.

septuplet septuplets n
seachtrín
One of a group of seven, particularly one of seven babies born at the same birth.

sequence /ˈsiːkwəns/ sequences n
seicheamh
A set of things next to each other in a set order; a series
A series of musical phrases where a theme or melody is repeated, with some change each time, such as in pitch or length (example: opening of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony).
(mathematics) An ordered list of objects, typically indexed with natural numbers.

serf /sɜːf/ /sɝf/ serfs n
daoirseach daor seirfeach
A partially free peasant of a low hereditary class, attached like a slave to the land owned by a feudal lord and required to perform labour, enjoying minimal legal or customary rights.

serfdom serfdoms n
daoirse seirfeachas
The state of being a serf.
The feudal system that includes serfs.

sergeant /ˈsɑɹ.d͡ʒənt/ /ˈsɑː.d͡ʒənt/ sergeants n
sáirsint
The highest rank of noncommissioned officer in some non-naval military forces and police.

sergeant major sergeant majors sergeants major n
maorsháirsint
(US, plural sergeants major) The most senior rank of non-commissioned officer in the United States Army, ranking above a first sergeant. In the United States Marine Corps it ranks above First Sergeant and is equal in grade to Master Gunnery Sergeant.

serial /ˈsɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ /ˈsɪɚ.i.əl/ serials n
sraith sraithchlár
A literary or dramatic work, such as a radio or television programme, published in installments, often numbered and without a specified end.
sraithiris
A publication issued in successive parts, often numbered and with no predetermined end.

serif /səˈɹiːf/ /ˈsɛɹɪf/ serifs n
seiríf trasmhír trasnán
(typography) A short line added to the end of a stroke in traditional typefaces, such as Times New Roman.

serious /ˈsɪə.ɹɪ.əs/ /ˈsɪɚ.i.əs/ /ˈsɪɹ.i.əs/ /ˈsɪː.ɹɪ.əs/ more serious most serious adj
dáiríre
Really intending what is said (or planned, etc); in earnest; not jocular or deceiving

sermon /ˈsɜː.mən/ /ˈsɝ.mən/ sermons n
seanmóir
Religious discourse; a written or spoken address on a religious or moral matter.

serpentine /ˈsɜː.pənˌtaɪn/ /ˈsɝ.pənˌtaɪn/ serpentines n
nathairín
(mineralogy) Any of several green/brown minerals consisting of magnesium and iron silicates that have similar layered crystal structure, whose appearance somewhat resembles a snake's skin.

serval /ˈsɜːvəl/ /ˈsɝvəl/ servals n
seirbheal
A medium-sized African wild cat, Leptailurus serval, formerly Felis serval.

servant /ˈsɜːvənt/ /ˈsɝvənt/ [ˈsɝvn̩ʔ] servants n
seirbhíseach searbhónta
One who is hired to perform regular household or other duties, and receives compensation. As opposed to a slave.
One who serves another, providing help in some manner.

server /ˈsɜːvə/ /ˈsɝvɚ/ servers n
riarthóir

service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ /ˈsɝvɪs/ services n
feidhmeannas
(economics) The practice of providing assistance as economic activity.

service dog service dogs n
madra cuidithe
A dog that assists a person who is physically handicapped or who suffers from a mental disability such as post-traumatic stress disorder.

service pipe service pipes n
píopa seirbhíse
A smaller pipe from a main pipe to a dwelling.

service record service records n
teist seirbhíse

serviceable /ˈsɜːvɪsəbl̩/ /ˈsɝvɪsəbl̩/ more serviceable most serviceable adj
infheidhme inúsáidte
In condition for use.

serviceableness n
infheidhmeacht
the state or condition of being serviceable

serviceberry serviceberries n
caor sceach na sead sceach na sead
(North America) Any plant of the genus Amelanchier of small deciduous trees and large shrubs in the family Rosaceae.

servile /ˈsəɹ.vəl/ /ˈsəɹˌvaɪl/ /ˈsɜː(ɹ)ˌvaɪl/ more servile most servile adj
moghach uiríseal
Slavish or submissive.

servility /sə.ˈvɪ.lɪ.ti/ /sɚ.ˈvɪ.lɪ.ti/ /ˌsɜː.ˈvɪ.lɪ.ti/ /ˌsɝ.ˈvɪ.lɪ.ti/ servilities n
uirísle
The condition of being servile.

serving /ˈsɜːvɪŋ/ /ˈsɝvɪŋ/ servings n
fónamh
(uncountable, gerund) The act or process of serving.

servitude /-tjuːd/ /ˈsɜːvɪtʃuːd/ /ˈsɝvɪtud/ servitudes n
ansclábhaíocht daoirse meirse sclábhaíocht
The state of being a slave; slavery; being forced to work for others or do their bidding without one's consent or against one's will, either in perpetuity or for a period of time over which one has little or no control.

sesame /ˈsiːsəm/ /ˈsɛsəm/ /ˈsɛsəmi/ /ˈsɛzəmi/ sesames n
seasaman
The seed of this plant.

sessile oak sessile oaks n
dair neamhghasánach
A large deciduous tree, Quercus petraea.

session /ˈsɛʃ(ə)n/ sessions n
seisiún
A period devoted to a particular activity, e.g. the annual or semiannual periods of a legislative body (that together comprise the legislative term) whose individual meetings are also called sessions.
suí
A meeting of a council, court, school, or legislative body to conduct its business.

set /sɛt/ sets n
sceallán
(horticulture) A small tuber or bulb used instead of seed, particularly onion sets and potato sets.
foireann
An object made up of several parts.
tacar
(set theory) A collection of zero or more objects, possibly infinite in size, and disregarding any order or repetition of the objects which may be contained within it.
slí
A bias of mind; an attitude or pattern of behaviour.
(printing, dated) The width of the body of a type.
aicme
A group of people, usually meeting socially.

set /sɛt/ v
cuir
(transitive) To put (something) down, to rest.
cruaigh stalc
(transitive, dated) To cause to stop or stick; to obstruct; to fasten to a spot.

set about v
ionsaigh scaoil faoi
To devote oneself to some task.
ionsaigh
To attack.

set alight v
fionn
To cause (something) to begin to burn.

set back v
cuir chun deiridh
(transitive) To delay or obstruct.

set down v
scaoil anuas
(transitive, , especially, _, British) To place, especially on the ground or a surface; to cease carrying; to deposit; to allow passengers to alight.

set screw set screws n
bís shuite scriú suite
A screw with threads along the entire length and no head. Typically, set screws have a hex or slot drive recessed in the threaded length; a grub screw or worm screw.

set the table v
leag an bord
To arrange plates, etc. for a meal.

set theory set theories n
tacartheoiric teoiric na dtacar
(mathematics) The mathematical theory of sets.

set up v
cuir ar bun
(intransitive) To ready something for use.

sett /sɛt/ setts n
brocach
The system of tunnels that is the home of a badger.

settle /ˈsɛtl̩/ /ˈsɛtəl/ v
socraigh
(transitive) To place in(to) a fixed or permanent condition or position or on(to) a permanent basis; to make firm, steady, or stable; to establish or fix.
(transitive) To move (people) to (a land or territory), so as to colonize it; to cause (people) to take residence in (a place).

settlement /ˈsɛt.l̩.mənt/ settlements n
lonnaíocht socrú
The state of being settled.
lonnaíocht
A colony that is newly established; a place or region newly settled (even in past times).
socrú
(legal) A disposition of property, or the act of granting it.
(legal) A resolution of a dispute.
(law) A mutual agreement to end a dispute without resorting to legal proceedings, also known as an out-of-court settlement or settling out of court.

seven /ˈsɛvn̩/ /ˈsɛvən/ [ˈsɛbm̩] numeral
seacht
A numerical value equal to 7; the number following six and preceding eight. This many dots: (•••••••). Describing a group or set with seven elements.

seven deadly sins n
seacht bpeacaí marfacha
(Catholicism) The cardinal sins enumerated by medieval philosophers and theologians: pride (or vanity, vainglory), envy, gluttony, greed (or avarice), lust, sloth (or acedia), and wrath (or anger).

seventeen /ˈsɛv.ən.tiːn/ /ˌsɛv.ənˈtiːn/ numeral
seacht déag
The cardinal number occurring after sixteen and before eighteen, represented in Roman numerals as XVII and in Arabic numerals as 17.

seventh /ˈsɛvnθ/ /ˈsɛvənθ/ adj
seachtú
The ordinal form of the number seven.

seventieth /ˈsɛvnti.əθ/ adj
seachtó
The ordinal form of the number seventy.

seventy /ˈsɛv.ən.di/ /ˈsɛv.ən.ti/ numeral
seachtó
The cardinal number occurring after sixty-nine and before seventy-one, represented in Roman numerals as LXX and in Arabic numerals as 70.

severe /-vɪɹ/ /sɪˈviːɹ/ /sɪˈvɪə/ /sɪˈvɪɹ/ more severe most severe severer severest adj
aithrinneach amhnas
anróiteach
Very bad or intense.

severity /səˈvɛɹəti/ severities n
anróiteacht
The state of being severe.

sew /soʊ/ /səʉ/ /səʊ/ v
fuaigh
(transitive) To use a needle to pass thread repeatedly through (pieces of fabric) in order to join them together.
(intransitive) To use a needle to pass thread repeatedly through pieces of fabric in order to join them together.

sewage /ˈsu.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsuː.ɪd͡ʒ/ sewages n
múnlach
A suspension of water and solid waste, transported by sewers to be disposed of or processed.

sewer /ˈs(j)uːə/ /ˈsuɚ/ sewers n
séarach
A pipe or system of pipes used to remove human waste and to provide drainage.

sewing /ˈsoʊɪŋ/ /ˈsəʊɪŋ/ sewings n
fuáil
The action of the verb to sew.
Something that is being or has been sewn.

sewing machine sewing machines n
inneall fuála
Any mechanical or electromechanical device used to stitch cloth or other material; normally uses two threads to form lock stitches

sex /sɛks/ sexes n
gnéas
(countable) Another category, especially of humans and especially based on sexuality or gender roles.
(obsolete, or, literary, uncountable, with "the") Women; the human female gender and those who belong to it.
bualadh craicinn caidreamh collaí
(uncountable) Sexual activity, usually sexual intercourse unless preceded by a modifier.

sex appeal n
gnéasúlacht
Sexual attractiveness. [from 1910s]

sex life /ˈsɛksˌlaɪf/ sex lives n
saol gnéis
That part of a person's life that is directly concerned with sexual activity.

sex offender sex offenders n
ciontóir gnéis
Somebody who has committed a crime of a sexual nature.

sex symbol sex symbols n
réalta ghnéasach
A person who embodies the sexual ideals of a mass audience.

sex toy sex toys n
bréagán gnéis
Any physical object or device that is primarily used to facilitate human sexual pleasure.
A person willing to provide sexual pleasure to another at their beckoning.

sex worker sex workers n
oibrí gnéis
A person who supplies sex work (short-term sexual services) in exchange for compensation.

sexiness sexinesses n
gnéasúlacht meallacacht mealltacht
The state or quality of being sexy, of possessing the traits of sexual appeal.

sexism /ˈsɛksɪzm̩/ sexisms n
gnéasachas gnéasaíochas
Discrimination or different treatment based on sex or gender.

sexist /ˈsɛksɪst/ more sexist most sexist adj
gnéasaíoch
Unfairly discriminatory against one sex in favour of the other.

sexist /ˈsɛksɪst/ sexists n
gnéasaíoch
A person who discriminates on grounds of sex; someone who practises sexism.

sexton /ˈsɛk.stən/ sextons n
cléireach
A church official who looks after a church building and its graveyard and may act as a gravedigger and bell ringer.

sexual /ˈsɛksjuəl/ /ˈsɛkʃuəl/ more sexual most sexual adj
gnéasach

sexual harassment /ˌsɛkʃuəl həˈɹæsmənt/ /ˌsɛkʃuəl ˈhæɹəsmənt/ n
ciapadh gnéasach
Harassment in the form of unwelcome sexual advances and/or remarks.

sexual intercourse sexual intercourses n
caidreamh collaí comhriachtain bualadh craicinn déanamh craicinn
Sexual interaction, usually involving vaginal and/or anal and/or oral penetration, between at least two organisms.

sexual orientation sexual orientations n
claonadh gnéasach
One's tendencies of sexual attraction, considered as a whole.

sexuality /sɛksjuˈælɪti/ /sɛkʃuˈæləti/ /sɛkʃuˈælɪti/ sexualities n
collaíocht
The quality of being sexual; that which is characterized or distinguished by sex.
Sexual activity; concern with, or interest in, sexual activity.

sexualize v
gnéasaigh
(transitive) To render sexual, or apply sex appeal to (a person, thing, or concept).

sexually transmitted disease sexually transmitted diseases n
galar gnéas-tarchurtha
(disease) Any of various diseases that are usually contracted through sexual contact.

sexually transmitted infection sexually transmitted infections n
ionfhabhtú gnéas-tarchurtha
(disease) A sexually transmitted disease, with or without symptoms.

sexy /ˈsɛk.si/ /ˈsɛk.sɪ/ sexier sexiest adj
gnéasúil mealltach
Having sex appeal; attractive.

shack /ʃæk/ shacks n
bothán
A crude, roughly built hut or cabin.

shackle /ˈʃæk(ə)l/ /ˈʃækl̩/ shackles n
iarnach
(obsolete, rare) A fetter-like band worn on an appendage as an ornament; an anklet, an armlet, a bracelet, a wristlet.

shad /ʃæd/ shad shads n
sead
Any one of several species of food fishes that make up the genus Alosa in the family Clupeidae, to which the herrings also belong; river herring.

shade horsetail shade horsetails n
scuab eich mhóinéir
A plant in the taxonomic genus Equisetum (horsetails); Equisetum pratense.

shadow /ˈʃædoʊ/ /ˈʃædəʉ/ /ˈʃædəʊ/ shadows n
scáth
A dark image projected onto a surface where light (or other radiation) is blocked by the shade of an object.

shadowy /ˈʃæd.oʊ.i/ /ˈʃæd.əʊ.i/ shadowier shadowiest adj
foscúil scáthach
In shadow; darkened by shadows.

shady /ˈʃeɪdi/ shadier shadiest adj
foscúil scáthach
Abounding in shades.
scáthach
Causing shade.
Overspread with shade; sheltered from the glare of light or sultry heat.

shaft /ʃæft/ /ʃɑːft/ shafts n
fearsaid
Any long thin object, such as the handle of a tool, one of the poles between which an animal is harnessed to a vehicle, the driveshaft of a motorized vehicle with rear-wheel drive, an axle, etc.

shag /ʃæɡ/ shags n
seaga
Any of several species of sea birds in the family Phalacrocoracidae (cormorant family), especially a common shag or European shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis), found on European and African coasts.

shaggy /ˈʃæɡi/ shaggier shaggiest adj
mosach suasánach
Having long, thick, and uncombed hair, fur or wool.

shah /ʃɑː/ shahs n
seá
A king of Persia or Iran.

shake /ˈʃeɪk/ v
croith
(transitive, ergative) To cause (something) to move rapidly in opposite directions alternatingly.
(transitive) To give a tremulous tone to; to trill.

shakedown shakedowns n
sráideog
An improvised bed.

shallot /ʃəˈlɑt/ /ʃəˈlɒt/ /ˈʃælət/ shallots n
seallóid
Any vegetable of certain species in the onion family.

shallow /ˈʃaləʊ/ /ˈʃæl.oʊ/ shallower shallowest adj
tanaí éadomhain
Having little depth; significantly less deep than wide.
Extending not far downward.

shallowness shallownesses n
tanalacht tanaíocht éadoimhneacht
The property of being shallow; having little depth.

shamanism /ˈʃeɪmənɪzəm/ /ˈʃɑːmənɪzəm/ shamanisms n
seamanachas
Any of a range of traditional beliefs and practices concerned with communication with the spirit world.

shambles /ˈʃæmbl̩z/ shambles n
cosair chró
(countable) A scene of bloodshed, carnage or devastation.

shame /ʃeɪm/ shames n
adhnáire
náire
An uncomfortable or painful feeling due to recognition or consciousness of one's own impropriety or dishonor, or something being exposed that should have been kept private.
Something to regret.

shame /ʃeɪm/ v
adhnáirigh cuir náire ar imdhearg náirigh tabhair náire do
(transitive) To cause to feel shame.

shameful /ˈʃeɪmfəl/ more shameful most shameful adj
adhnáireach aithiseach náireach náiriúil
Causing or meriting shame or disgrace; disgraceful

shameless more shameless most shameless adj
dínáireach mínáireach neamhnáireach
Having no shame, no guilt nor remorse over something considered wrong; immodest, brazen; unable to feel disgrace.

shamelessness shamelessnesses n
ainfhéile mínáire neamhnáire
(uncountable) The state or characteristic of being shameless.

shamisen /ˈʃæmɪsɛn/ shamisen shamisens n
seamasan
(musical instrument) A kind of three-stringed Japanese fretless lute.

shampoo /ʃamˈpuː/ /ʃæmˈpuː/ shampoos n
seampú
(mineral) A commercial liquid soap product for washing hair or other fibres/fibers, such as carpets.
An instance of washing the hair or other fibres with shampoo.

shamrock /ˈʃæm.ɹɑk/ /ˈʃæm.ɹɒk/ shamrocks n
seamróg
The trefoil leaf of any small clover, especially Trifolium repens, or such a leaf from a clover-like plant, commonly used as a symbol of Ireland.

shanghai /ʃæŋˈhaɪ/ /ʃɑŋˈhaɪ/ /ˈʃæŋ.haɪ/ v
shanghai-áil
(transitive) To force or trick someone to go somewhere or do something against their will or interest, particularly
To press-gang sailors, especially (historical) for shipping or fishing work.

shank /ʃæŋk/ shanks n
lorga spanla
The metal part on a curb bit that falls below the mouthpiece, which length controls the severity of the leverage action of the bit, and to which the reins of the bridle are attached.

shanks' mare shanks' mares n
crágáil dul ann de shiúl cos
(US, idiomatic) One's own legs used for walking; to "travel by shanks' mare" or "ride [on] shanks' mare" is to walk to your destination.

shape /ʃeɪp/ shapes n
cruth
A graphical representation of an object's form or its external boundary, outline, or external surface. Though fully descriptive when applied to objects within the geometrically abstract purview of reality as opposed to any scenario more concrete, it is well-understood that the introduction of the third dimension acting upon the physics of the object in the latter introduces the possibility of diminishing the term's descriptive power.

shape /ʃeɪp/ v
cum
(transitive) To give something a shape and definition.

shaped /ʃeɪpt/ more shaped most shaped adj
-chruthach
Having been given a shape, especially a curved shape.
(in compound terms) Having a particular shape (sharing the appearance of something in space, especially its outline – often a basic geometric two-dimensional figure)

shapely more shapely most shapely shapelier shapeliest adj
cruthach cruthúil cumaí cumtha córach dea-chruthach
Having a pleasing shape, pleasant to look at.

shareholder /ˈʃɛəˌhəʊl.də(ɹ)/ /ˈʃɛ˞ˌhoʊl.dɚ/ shareholders n
scairshealbhóir
One who owns shares of stock in a corporation.

shark /ʃɑɹk/ /ʃɑːk/ sharks n
siorc
(ichthyology) A scaleless, predatory fish of the superorder Selachimorpha, with a cartilaginous skeleton and 5 to 7 gill slits on each side of its head.

sharp /ʃɑɹp/ /ʃɑːp/ sharper sharpest adj
aithrinneach amhainseach amhnas
géar aichear biorach faobhrach
Terminating in a point or edge, especially one that can cut or pierce easily; not dull, obtuse, or rounded.
géar géarchúiseach
(colloquial) Intelligent.
géar
(music) Raised by one semitone (denoted by the symbol ♯ after the name of the note).
(music) Higher in pitch than required.
Forming a small or tight angle; especially, forming an angle of less than ninety degrees.
géar searbh
Having a strong acrid or acidic taste.
glinn glé gléineach grinn
Exact, precise, accurate; keen.
domlasta faobhrach géar
Offensive, critical, or acrimonious; stern or harsh.
galánta snasta
(colloquial) Stylish, smart or attractive.

sharp /ʃɑɹp/ /ʃɑːp/ sharps n
géar
(music) The symbol ♯, placed after the name of a note in the key signature or before a note on the staff to indicate that the note is to be played one chromatic semitone higher.
(music) A note that is sharp in a particular key.
(psychiatry, healthcare) A sharp object; any item pointed enough to injure human skin.

sharp-tongued more sharp-tongued most sharp-tongued adj
géartheangach
Having an acrid or bitter wit; skilled at or given to insulting or belittling others.

sharpen /ˈʃɑɹpən/ /ˈʃɑːpən/ v
faobhraigh géaraigh
(transitive, sometimes, figurative) To make sharp.

sharpish adj
foghéar
(informal) Somewhat sharp; not blunt.

sharpness sharpnesses n
amhainse
aichre
(uncountable) the cutting ability of an edge; keenness.

shave /ʃeɪv/ v
bearr tú féin a bhearradh
(intransitive) To remove hair from one's face by this means.

shaving brush shaving brushes n
scuab bhearrtha
A small brush used to create a lather from shaving cream or shaving soap and apply it to the face or other area before shaving

shaving cream shaving creams n
sobal bearrtha
A substance, usually a foam or gel, that is applied to the face or wherever else hair grows, to provide lubrication and avoid razor burn during shaving.

shawl /ʃɑl/ /ʃɔl/ /ʃɔːl/ [ʃɒːɫ] shawls n
seál
A square or rectangular piece of cloth worn as a covering for the head, neck, and shoulders, typically by women. [from 1662]

shawm /ʃɔːm/ shawms n
seám
A mediaeval double-reed wind instrument with a conical wooden body.

she /ʃi/ /ʃiː/ pronoun
sí í
(personal) The female (typically) person or animal previously mentioned or implied.
sí
(personal, sometimes, _, affectionate) A ship or boat.

she-wolf she-wolves n
mac tíre baineann
A female wolf.

sheaf /ʃiːf/ sheafs sheaves n
punann
A quantity of the stalks and ears of wheat, rye, or other grain, bound together; a bundle of grain or straw.

shear /ʃɛə/ /ʃɪə(ɹ)/ /ʃɪɹ/ v
lom
(intransitive, transitive) To remove the fleece from (a sheep etc.) by clipping.
(mathematics) To transform by displacing every point in a direction parallel to some given line by a distance proportional to the point’s distance from the line.
bearr
To cut the hair of (a person).

shears /ʃɪə(ɹ)z/ /ʃɪɹz/ n
deimheas
A tool consisting of two blades with bevel edges, connected by a pivot, used for cutting cloth, or for removing the fleece from sheep etc.

shearwater shearwaters n
cánóg
Any of the long-winged pelagic seabirds of the family Procellariidae in genera Puffinus, Ardenna, and Calonectris, that breed on islands and coastal cliffs.

sheave /ʃiːv/ sheaves n
síobh
A wheel having a groove in the rim for a rope to work in, and set in a block, mast, or similar; the wheel of a pulley.

shed /ʃɛd/ sheds n
bothán cró seid
A slight or temporary structure built to shade or shelter something; a structure usually open in front; an outbuilding; a hut.

shed /ʃɛd/ v
sil
(transitive) To allow to flow or fall.

sheen /ʃiːn/ sheens n
lonracht
(also, figuratively) Splendor; radiance; shininess.

sheep /ʃip/ /ʃiːp/ sheep sheeps n
caora
(countable, chiefly, Christianity, chiefly plural) A religious adherent, a member of a congregation or religious community (compare flock).

sheep liver fluke sheep liver flukes n
leith uisce
A parasitic flatworm, of species Fasciola hepatica, of the class Trematoda, that infects the livers of various mammals, including humans.

sheepdog sheepdogs n
madra caorach
A breed of dog, used for herding sheep.

sheepfold /ˈʃiːp.fəʊld/ sheepfolds n
cró caorach
An enclosure for keeping sheep.

sheer /ʃɪɹ/ /ˈʃɪə/ more sheer most sheer sheerer sheerest adj
mín
(textiles) Very thin or transparent.

sheet /ʃit/ /ʃiːt/ sheets n
leathanach
A piece of paper, usually rectangular, that has been prepared for writing, artwork, drafting, wrapping, manufacture of packaging (boxes, envelopes, etc.), and for other uses. The word does not include scraps and irregular small pieces destined to be recycled, used for stuffing or cushioning or paper mache, etc. In modern books, each sheet of paper is typically folded in half, to produce two leaves and four pages. In the absence of folding, "leaf" and "sheet" are equivalent.
A thin, flat layer of solid material.

sheet anchor sheet anchors n
mórancaire
(nautical) A large, spare anchor used in an emergency.

sheet erosion n
bratchreimeadh
relatively even erosion of a layer of soil without channel formation; generally takes place on sloping land

sheet music n
bileog cheoil
Handwritten or printed form of musical notation.

sheet of paper sheets of paper n
bileog pháipéir leathán páipéir liarlóg pháipéir
A single piece of loose paper, which, when bound in a book or booklet, consists of two pages (one on the front and one on the back).

shekel /ˈʃɛkəl/ shekalim shekels n
seiceal
A currency unit of both ancient and modern Israel.

shelf /ʃɛlf/ shelfs shelves n
seilf
A flat, rigid structure, fixed at right angles to a wall or forming a part of a cabinet, desk, etc., and used to display, store, or support objects.
scairbh
A reef, sandbar, or shoal.

shell /ʃɛl/ shells n
sceall
sliogán
The calcareous or chitinous external covering of mollusks, crustaceans, and some other invertebrates.
(weaponry) The casing of a self-contained single-unit artillery projectile.
(weaponry) A hollow, usually spherical or cylindrical projectile fired from a siege mortar or a smoothbore cannon. It contains an explosive substance designed to be ignited by a fuse or by percussion at the target site so that it will burst and scatter at high velocity its contents and fragments. Formerly called a bomb.

shell game shell games n
cleas na méaracán cluiche sliogán
A game of skill which requires the bettor to guess which of three small cups (or shells) a pea-sized object is concealed under, after the party operating the game rapidly rearranges them, providing opportunity for sleight-of-hand trickery.

shellfire shellfires n
lámhach sliogán
Artillery bombardment.

shellfish /ˈʃɛl.fɪʃ/ [ʃɛɫˑfɪʃ] shellfish shellfishes n
sliogán
A culinary and nutritional term for several groups of non-piscine, non-tetrapod, aquatic animals that are used as a food source. The term often exclusively refers to edible aquatic crustaceans, bivalve mollusks and cephalopod mollusks; but sometimes echinoderms may be included as well.

shelter /ˈʃɛltə/ /ˈʃɛltɚ/ shelters n
foscadh fothain
A refuge, haven or other cover or protection from something.
dídean
An institution that provides temporary housing for homeless people, battered women, etc.

shepherd /ˈʃɛpəd/ /ˈʃɛpɚd/ shepherdess shepherds n
aoire buachaill caorach tréadaí
A person who tends sheep, especially a grazing flock.

shepherd /ˈʃɛpəd/ /ˈʃɛpɚd/ v
aoirigh
(transitive) To watch over; to guide.

shepherd's purse n
lus an sparáin
An edible weed, Capsella bursa-pastoris, family Brassicaceae, native to Europe but now found world-wide.

shepherdess shepherd shepherdesses n
banaoire bantréadaí
A female shepherd.

sherbet /ˈʃɜːbət/ /ˈʃɜːbɪt/ /ˈʃɝbət/ /ˈʃɝbɚt/ /ˈʃɝbɪt/ sherbets n
seirbit soirbéad
A dessert of frozen fruit juice with a dairy product such as milk added; a sorbet with dairy ingredients.
seirbit
An effervescent powder made of bicarbonate of soda, sugar and flavourings, intended to be eaten alone or mixed with water to make a drink.

sheriff /ˈʃɛɹəf/ /ˈʃɛɹɪf/ sheriffs n
sirriam
(US) A government official, usually responsible for law enforcement in their county and for administration of the county jail, sometimes an officer of the court, usually elected.

shh /ʃ̩ː/ interjection
fuist
Requesting silence.

shibboleth /ˈʃɪbəlɛθ/ shibboleths n
teagasc seanchaite
A common or longstanding belief, custom, or catchphrase associated with a particular group, especially one with little current meaning or truth.

shield /ʃiːld/ shields n
sciath
A broad piece of defensive armor, held in hand, formerly in general use in war, for the protection of the body.

shiftless more shiftless most shiftless adj
gan fónamh
Lazy, unmotivated.

shiitake /ʃiːˈtɑːkeɪ/ /ʃɪˈtɑkeɪ/ /ʃɪˈtɑki/ /ʃɪˈtɑːkeɪ/ shiitake shiitakes n
síotaicé
A wide, brown variety of edible mushroom, Lentinula edodes.

shillelagh /ʃəˈleɪli/ shillelaghs n
sail éille
(Ireland) A wooden (traditionally blackthorn (sloe) wood) club ending with a large knob.

shilling /ˈʃɪlɪŋ/ shillings n
scilling
(historical) A coin formerly used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Malta, Australia, New Zealand and many other Commonwealth countries worth twelve old pence, or one twentieth of a pound sterling.
The currency of Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania and Uganda.

shimmer /ˈʃɪm.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃɪm.ɚ/ shimmers n
loinnir
A faint or veiled and tremulous gleam or shining.

shin /ʃɪn/ shins n
lorga
The front part of the leg below the knee; the front edge of the shin bone: w:Shinbone on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

shine /ʃaɪn/ /ʃaːɪn/ v
taitin
(intransitive, copulative) To emit or reflect light so as to glow.

shining /ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/ more shining most shining adj
lonrach
Reflecting light.
Having a high polish or sheen.

shiny /ˈʃaɪ.ni/ more shiny most shiny shinier shiniest adj
lonrach
Reflecting light.

ship /ʃɪp/ ships n
long árthach
(nautical) A water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat.

shipbuilding shipbuildings n
saoirseacht loinge
(uncountable, nautical) The construction of ships.
A construction of a ship.

shipping /ˈʃɪpɪŋ/ shippings n
seoladh
The transportation of goods.
loingeas
The body of ships belonging to one nation, port or industry; ships collectively.
loingseoireacht
Passage or transport on a ship.
iompar seachadadh
The cost of sending an item or package using postal or carrier services.

shipshape /ˈʃɪpʃeɪp/ /ˈʃɪpˌʃeɪp/ more shipshape most shipshape adj
slachtmhar
(originally, nautical) Meticulously neat and tidy.

shipworm /ˈʃɪpwɜːm/ /ˈʃɪpwɝm/ shipworms n
giúrann
Any of several wormlike marine molluscs (not true worms) of the family Teredinidae that bore through the wooden hulls of ships and other woody material immersed in salt water; specifically, the naval shipworm or turu (Teredo navalis), the type species of the genus Teredo.

shipyard shipyards n
longchlós
A place where ships are built and repaired.

shire /ʃaɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ʃaɪə/ shires n
sír
(chiefly, historical) An administrative area or district between about the 5th to the 11th century, subdivided into hundreds or wapentakes and jointly governed by an ealdorman and a sheriff; also, a present-day area corresponding to such a historical district; a county; especially (England) , a county having a name ending in -shire.

shirt /ʃəːɾʈ/ /ʃəːʈ/ /ʃɜːt/ /ʃɝt/ shirts n
léine
An article of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body, and often has sleeves, either long or short, that cover the arms.

shirtmaker shirtmakers n
léinteoir
A person who makes shirts.

shirtmaking n
léinteoireacht
the industry or practice of making shirts

shit /ʃɪt/ shits n
cac
(countable, uncountable, colloquial, vulgar) Solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels; feces.
(uncountable, vulgar, colloquial) Rubbish; worthless matter.

shit /ʃɪt/ v
cac
(transitive, reflexive, vulgar, colloquial) To defecate on; to soil through defecating.

shoal /ʃəʊl/ shoals n
oitir scairbh
A sandbank or sandbar creating a shallow.

shock /ʃɑk/ /ʃɒk/ /ʃɔk/ shocks n
suasán
(psychology) A sudden or violent mental or emotional disturbance.

shock wave shock waves n
tonn turrainge
(physics) A powerful compression wave produced by the movement of a body through a fluid or gas at a velocity greater than the local speed of sound.

shoe /ʃu/ /ʃuː/ shoen shoes shoon n
bróg
A protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material. Shoes generally do not extend above the ankle, as opposed to boots, which do.
Something resembling a shoe in form, position, or function, such as a brake shoe.

shoe brush shoe brushes n
scuab bhróg
a brush used to apply shoe polish to shoes, work the polish in and bring up a shine.

shoe tree shoe trees n
brógchrann
A device approximating the shape of a foot that is placed inside a shoe when it is being stored to preserve its shape and extend the life of the shoe.

shoebill /ˈʃu.bɪl/ shoebills n
bróg-ghob
Balaeniceps rex, a tall wading bird related to the stork, native to tropical African swamps; the sole species of the family Balaenicipitidae.

shoehorn /ˈʃuːˌhɔɹn/ /ˈʃuːˌhɔː(ɹ)n/ shoehorns n
ladar bróige
A smooth tool that assists in putting the foot into a shoe, by sliding the heel in after the toe is in place. This reduces discomfort and damage to the back of the shoe. By slipping it into the back of the shoe behind the heel, the user prevents the heel from squashing down the back of the shoe and causing difficulty; instead the heel slides down the smooth shoehorn, which then comes out easily once the foot is in place.

shoelace /ˈʃuːˌleɪs/ shoelaces n
barriall iall (bróige)
A lace used for fastening a shoe.

shoemaker shoemakers n
gréasaí
A person who makes shoes

shoemaking n
gréasaíocht
The making of shoes.

shoo /ʃuː/ interjection
hois
(informal, demeaning) Go away! Clear off!

shoot /ʃuːt/ shoots n
beangán buinneán
The emerging stem and embryonic leaves of a new plant.

shoot /ʃuːt/ v
scaoil
To send out or forth, especially with a rapid or sudden motion; to cast with the hand; to hurl; to discharge; to emit.

shooting /ˈʃuːtɪŋ/ shootings n
lámhach
(countable) an instance of shooting with a gun or other weapon

shooting star shooting stars n
réalta reatha
A meteor, especially a streak of light in the night sky, caused by a meteoroid burning up as it enters the Earth’s atmosphere.

shop /ʃɑp/ /ʃɒp/ shops n
siopa
An establishment that sells goods or services to the public; originally only a physical location, but now a virtual establishment as well.

shop /ʃɑp/ /ʃɒp/ v
bheith ag siopadóireacht
(intransitive) To visit stores or shops to browse or explore merchandise, especially with the intention of buying such merchandise.

shop assistant shop assistants n
buachaill siopa cúntóir siopa freastalaí siopa
An employee in a shop, a shopkeeper.

shop window shop windows n
fuinneog
A large window at the front of a shop, behind which items for sale are displayed.

shopgirl shopgirls n
cailín siopa
A girl who works in a shop; a young saleswoman.

shoplifting shopliftings n
bradaíocht siopa gadaíocht siopa
(uncountable) The action of stealing goods from a shop; the action of the verb shoplift.

shopman shopmen n
buachaill siopa fear siopa
The proprietor, manager, or operator of a small store.

shopping /ˈʃɑpɪŋ/ /ˈʃɒpɪŋ/ shoppings n
siopadóireacht
The process of buying goods or services, or searching for those suitable to buy.

shopping bag shopping bags n
mála siopadóireachta
A strong bag with handles used to put purchases in; usually made of plastic, paper or fabric, sometimes given away with a purchase.

shopping cart /ˈʃɑpɪŋ kɑɹt/ shopping carts n
tralaí siopadóireachta
(US, Philippines) A conveyance used to carry groceries and other items while shopping in a store.

shopping centre shopping centres n
ionad siopadóireachta
(British, AU) A large retail outlet consisting of several shops.

shore /ʃo(ː)ɹ/ /ʃoə/ /ʃɔɹ/ /ʃɔː/ shores n
cladach
(from the perspective of one on a body of water) Land, usually near a port.

short /ʃoɹt/ /ʃoːt/ /ʃɔɹt/ /ʃɔːt/ /ˈʃoːrt/ /ˈʃoːɻt/ /ˈʃɒːɹt/ [ʃɑɹt] shorter shortest adj
gearr gairid
Having a small distance from one end or edge to another, either horizontally or vertically.
beag
(of a person) Of comparatively small height.
gairid gearr
Having little duration.

short circuit short circuits n
gearrchiorcad
(electrical engineering) A usually unintentional connection of low resistance or impedance in a circuit such that excessive and often damaging current flows in it.

short circuit v
gearrchiorcad
(transitive) To cause a short circuit in.

short film short films n
gearrscannán
Any motion picture not long enough to be considered a feature film.

short selling n
díol folamh
(commerce, finance) The practice of selling items or stock which one does not currently possess.

short story short stories n
gearrscéal
A work of fiction that is shorter than a novella.

short time n
gearr-am
(human resources) A period of reduced workhours.

short twentieth century /-ɪθ-/ /ˈʃoɹt ˌtwɛn.(t)ɪ.əθ ˈsɛn.(t)ʃ(ə).ɹi/ /ˈʃɔːt ˌtwɛn.(t)ɪ.əθ ˈsɛn.t͡ʃ(ʊ).ɹi/ pn
20ú hAois Ghearr
(historical period, specifically) The period between 1914 and 1991, from the beginning of World War I to the fall of the Soviet Union. [from 1990s]

short-eared owl short-eared owls n
ulchabhán réisc
A species of owl, Asio flammeus.

short-legged more short-legged most short-legged adj
gearrchosach
Having short legs, particularly in proportion to one's body.

short-lived /ʃɔɹtˈlaɪvd/ /ʃɔɹtˈlɪvd/ shorter-lived shortest-lived adj
duthain díomuan gearrshaolach
Alive or existent for only a short period of time.

short-necked more short-necked most short-necked adj
gearrmhuineálach
Having a short neck

short-sighted more short-sighted most short-sighted adj
dallradharcach
(figuratively) Unable to see long-term objectives; lacking foresight.

short-tempered more short-tempered most short-tempered adj
araiciseach tobann
Easily angered; frequently losing one's temper.

shortcut /ˈʃoɹtˌkʌt/ /ˈʃoːt.kat/ /ˈʃɔːtkʌt/ [ˈʃoːʔ.kat] [ˈʃoːʔ.kaʔ] shortcuts n
aicearra
A path between two points that is faster than the commonly used paths.
(computing, in the Microsoft family of operating systems) A file that points to the location of another file and serves as a quick way to access it.
bealach níos éasca
A method to accomplish something that omits one or more steps.

shorthand /ˈʃɔɹthænd/ /ˈʃɔːthænd/ shorthands n
gearrscríbhneoireacht gearrscríobh
A rough and rapid method of writing by substituting symbols for letters, words, etc.

shortness shortnesses n
giorra giorracht
(uncountable) The property of being short, of being small of stature or brief.

shorts /ʃɔː(ɹ)ts/ n
bríste sciota brístín
pants or trousers worn for sports or in warmer weather that do not go lower than the knees.

shot /ʃɑt/ /ʃɒt/ /ʃɔt/ shots n
urchar
The result of launching a projectile or bullet.
(sports) The act of launching a ball or similar object toward a goal.

shotgun /ˈʃɑtɡʌn/ /ˈʃɒtɡʌn/ shotguns n
gránghunna gunna gráin
(firearms) A gun which fires loads typically consisting of small metal balls, called shot, from a cartridge.

shotgun wedding shotgun weddings n
pósadh práinne
(idiomatic, slang) A wedding in which the bride is already pregnant.

shoulder /ˈʃoʊɫdɚ/ /ˈʃəʊɫdə/ shoulders n
gualainn
(anatomy) The joint between the arm and the torso, sometimes including the surrounding muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
The part of the human torso forming a relatively horizontal surface running away from the neck.

shoulder blade shoulder blades n
slinneán
Either of the large flat bones at the back of the shoulder.

shoulder-to-shoulder adv
gualainn ar ghualainn gualainn má gualainn
In close proximity; side-by-side.

shout /ʃaʊt/ /ʃʌʊt/ shouts n
allagar glao liú
A loud burst of voice or voices; a violent and sudden outcry, especially that of a multitude expressing joy, triumph, exultation, anger, or great effort.

shout /ʃaʊt/ /ʃʌʊt/ v
béic
(intransitive) To utter a sudden and loud cry, as in joy, triumph, exultation or anger, or to attract attention, to animate others, etc.

shovel /ˈʃʌv(ə)l/ /ˈʃʌvl̩/ shovels n
sluasaid
A hand tool with a handle, used for moving portions of material such as earth, snow, and grain from one place to another, with some forms also used for digging. Not to be confused with a spade, which is designed solely for small-scale digging and incidental tasks such as chopping of small roots.

shovel /ˈʃʌv(ə)l/ /ˈʃʌvl̩/ v
sluaisteáil
To move materials with a shovel.

shovelful shovelfuls shovelsful n
lán sluaiste
The amount that can be moved at once with a shovel.

show /ʃoʊ/ /ʃəʊ/ shows n
clár seó
(countable) A broadcast program, especially a light entertainment program.

show /ʃoʊ/ /ʃəʊ/ v
taispeáin
(transitive) To display, to have somebody see (something).
(intransitive) To be visible; to be seen; to appear.

shower /ˈʃaʊ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃaʊ.ɚ/ showers n
cith
A brief fall of precipitation (spell of rain, or a similar fall of snow, sleet, or cascade); burst of hefty precipitation.
A quantity of something that has characteristics of a rain shower.
cith cithfholcadh cithfholcadán
An instance of using of this device in order to bathe oneself.

shower /ˈʃaʊ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃaʊ.ɚ/ v
biathaigh
To bestow liberally, to give or distribute in abundance.

showy /ˈʃoʊ.i/ /ˈʃəʊ.i/ showier showiest adj
taibhseach éagsúil
(informal, chiefly of a literary work) Inclined to showing (by conveying an impression so that events are described in the narrative), instead of telling (by explicitly stating facts).

shred /ʃɹɛd/ shreds n
ruainne
A fragment of something; a particle; a piece; also, a very small amount.

shrew /ʃɹuː/ /ʃɹɪu̯/ shrews n
dallóg fhraoigh
Any of numerous small, mouselike, chiefly nocturnal, mammals of the family Soricidae (order Soricomorpha).

shrewd /ʃɹuːd/ shrewder shrewdest adj
críonna
glic
Showing clever resourcefulness in practical matters.

shriek /ʃɹiːk/ shrieks n
scréach
A sharp, shrill outcry or scream; a shrill wild cry such as is caused by sudden or extreme terror, pain, or the like.

shrike /ʃɹaɪk/ shrikes n
scréachán sríoc
Any of various passerine birds of the family Laniidae which are known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns.

shrimp /ʃɹɪmp/ shrimp shrimps n
séacla
(uncountable) The flesh of such crustaceans.
diúilicín
(slang) A small, puny or unimportant person.

shrine /ʃɹaɪ̯n/ shrines n
cumhdach
A case, box, or receptacle, especially one in which are deposited sacred relics, as the bones of a saint.

shrink /ˈʃɹɪŋk/ v
crap
(transitive) To cause to become smaller.
(intransitive) To become smaller; to contract.

shroud /ʃɹaʊd/ shrouds n
taisléine taiséadach
Especially, the dress for the dead; a winding sheet.
scriúta
(nautical) One of a set of ropes or cables (rigging) attaching a mast to the sides of a vessel or to another anchor point, serving to support the mast sideways; such rigging collectively.

shrub /ʃɹʊb/ /ʃɹʌb/ shrubs n
tor tom
A woody plant smaller than a tree, and usually with several stems from the same base.
srúb
A liquor composed of vegetable acid, fruit juice (especially lemon), sugar, sometimes vinegar, and a small amount of spirit as a preservative. Modern shrub is usually non-alcoholic, but in earlier times it was often mixed with a substantial amount of spirit such as brandy or rum, thus making it a liqueur.

shuffle /ˈʃʌfəl/ v
boscáil suaith
(ambitransitive) To put in a random order.

shunt /ʃənt/ /ʃʌnt/ shunts n
seachród
(electricity) A connection used as an alternative path between parts of an electrical circuit.

shunt /ʃənt/ /ʃʌnt/ v
siúnt
(transitive, rail transport) To move a train from one track to another, or to move carriages, etc. from one train to another.

shut /ʃɛt/ /ʃʊt/ /ʃʌt/ v
dún iaigh
(transitive) To close, to stop from being open.
(intransitive) To close, to stop being open.
(transitive, or, intransitive, chiefly, British) To close (a business) temporarily.
(transitive) To isolate, to close off from the world.

shut up /ʃʌt ˈʌp/ [ʃʌt̚ ˈʌp] [ʃʌʔ ˈʌp] [ʃʌˈɾʌp] interjection
dún do bhéal dún do chlab éist do bhéal
(highly, _, impolite, dismissal) Stop talking, crying, etc.

shutter /ˈʃʌt.ə/ /ˈʃʌɾ.ɚ/ shutters n
comhla
(usually, in the plural) Protective panels, usually wooden, placed over windows to block out the light.
(photography) The part of a camera, normally closed, that opens for a controlled period of time to let light in when taking a picture.

shuttle bus shuttle buses n
seirbhís tointeála tointeálaí
A short-haul, limited-passenger bus, typically privately owned, such as by hotels, retirement villages, etc.

shuttlecock /ˈʃʌtl̩kɑk/ /ˈʃʌtl̩kɒk/ shuttlecocks n
eiteán
(countable) A lightweight object that is conical in shape with a cork or rubber-covered nose, used in badminton the way a ball is used in other racquet games. [from early 16th c.]

shy /ʃaɪ/ more shy most shy shier shiest shyer shyest adj
faiteach
Easily frightened; timid.
coimhthíoch cotúil cúthail
Reserved; disinclined to familiar approach.

shy /ʃaɪ/ v
scinn
(intransitive) To jump back in fear.

shyness /ˈʃaɪnəs/ shynesses n
cotadh
The quality of being shy; a fear of social interactions.

sibilant /ˈsɪb.ɪ.lənt/ more sibilant most sibilant adj
siosach
Characterized by a hissing or hushing sound such as the s or sh in sack or shack.

sibilant /ˈsɪb.ɪ.lənt/ sibilants n
siosach
(phonetics) A consonant having a hissing or hushing sound such as the s or sh in sack or shack.

sibyl /ˈsɪ.bəl/ [ˈsɪ.bɫ̩] sibyls n
sibille
A pagan female oracle or prophetess, especially the Cumaean sibyl.

sick /sɪk/ sicker sickest adj
masmas a bheith ort
Having an urge to vomit.
bréan (de)
Tired of or annoyed by something.

sickbed /ˈsɪkbɛd/ sickbeds n
leaba bhreoiteachta leaba thinnis
A bed used by a person who is sick.
A place for convalescence.

sickle /ˈsɪkl̩/ sickles n
corrán
(agriculture) An implement having a semicircular blade and short handle, used for cutting long grass and cereal crops.

sickliness sicklinesses n
meath-thinneas
The state or characteristic of weakness, incapacity, or physical distress due to poor health, especially of a chronic nature.

sickly /ˈsɪkli/ sicklier sickliest adj
galrach leice
Frequently ill or in poor health.
meata
Appearing ill, infirm or unhealthy; giving the appearance of illness.

sickness /ˈsɪknɪs/ sicknesses n
tinneas galar othras
The quality or state of being sick or diseased; illness.

sickroom sickrooms n
seomra tinnis
A room to be used by someone who is ill.

side /saɪd/ /səɪd/ sides n
taobh
A flat surface of a three-dimensional object; a face.
One half (left or right, top or bottom, front or back, etc.) of something or someone.
A region in a specified position with respect to something.
One surface of a sheet of paper (used instead of "page", which can mean one or both surfaces.)
One possible aspect of a concept, person, or thing.
A group having a particular allegiance in a conflict or competition.
foireann taobh
One set of competitors in a game.

side /saɪd/ /səɪd/ v
taobhaigh
(intransitive) To ally oneself, be in an alliance, usually with "with" or rarely "in with"

side by side adv
le taobh a chéile taobh le taobh le hais a chéile taobh le chéile
(literally) Beside or alongside one another; close to one another and abreast.
faoi shíth agus faoi shíocháin
(figuratively) In peace.
bonn ar bhonn bonn ar bhonn le chéile
(figuratively) With a common purpose.

side dish side dishes n
fomhias
A serving of food meant as an accompanying dish. [from 1702]

side effect side effects n
fo-iamhairt fo-iarsma
(medicine) An unintended consequence of a drug or therapy; usually an adverse effect, not a beneficial effect.
fo-iarsma
(programming) A change in state outside of the local environment of the function being called.

side plate side plates n
pláta beag
A plate used to serve the side dish.

side puck side pucks n
poc sleasa

side street side streets n
taobhshráid
A secondary road; a road that is not intended for heavy traffic.

sideboard sideboards n
cornchlár
(furniture) A piece of dining room furniture having drawers and shelves for linen and tableware; originally for serving food.

sideburns /ˈsaɪd.bɚnz/ /ˈsaɪd.bɜː(ɹ)nz/ n
féasóg leicinn
Facial hair reaching from the top of the head down the side of the face to the side of the chin.

sidecar /ˈsaɪdkɑɹ/ sidecars n
carr cliathánach
A one-wheeled attachment to the side of a motorcycle to allow for a separate seat for a passenger or cargo space.

sideline /ˈsaɪdlaɪn/ sidelines n
taobhlíne
(sports) A line defining the side boundary of a playing field. Used in Canadian football, field lacrosse and basketball.

sideline cut sideline cuts n
poc sleasa

sidereal /saɪˈdɪə.ɹi.əl/ /saɪˈdɪɚ.i.əl/ /sɪˈdɪɚ.i.əl/ adj
réaltach
(astronomy) Relating to a measurement of time relative to the position of the stars.

sidereal time /saɪ.ˈdɪə.riəl taɪm/ /səɪ.ˈdɪə.riəl taɪm/ n
am na réaltaí
(astronomy) Time measured by the apparent diurnal motion of the vernal equinox; approximated by that based on the rotation of planet Earth relative to the seemingly fixed stars.

sidestroke sidestrokes n
bang thaoibh taobh-bhuille
A swimming stroke swum on the swimmer's side.

sidewalk /ˈsaɪdwɑk/ /ˈsaɪdwɔk/ /ˈsaɪdwɔːk/ sidewalks n
cosán
(US) A paved footpath located at the side of a road, for the use of pedestrians
(US, by extension) Any paved footpath, even if not located at the side of a road

sideways /ˈsaɪdweɪz/ more sideways most sideways adj
cliathánach
Moving or directed toward one side.
(informal) Positioned sideways (with a side to the front).

siege /sid͡ʒ/ /siːd͡ʒ/ sieges n
léigear
(military) A prolonged military assault or a blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition.

sieve /sɪv/ sieves n
criathar rilleán
A device with a mesh, grate, or otherwise perforated bottom to separate, in a granular material, larger particles from smaller ones, or to separate solid objects from a liquid.

sift /sɪft/ v
rill
To sieve or strain (something).

sifter /ˈsɪftɚ/ sifters n
criathar criathradóir scagaire
A tool for sifting, especially one for powdered cooking ingredients.

sigh /saɪ/ sighs n
cuach ochlán
A deep, prolonged audible inhale and exhale of breath; as when fatigued, frustrated, grieved, or relieved; the act of sighing.

sigh /saɪ/ v
osna a ligean
(intransitive) To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual, and immediately expel it; to make a deep single audible respiration, especially as the result or involuntary expression of fatigue, exhaustion, grief, sorrow, frustration, or the like.

sightly sightlier sightliest adj
amharcach dathúil
Attractive, pleasing to the eye; affording gratification to the sense of sight; aesthetically pleasing.

sightseeing sightseeings n
turasóireacht
The activity of going out looking at things; tourism.

sigil /ˈsɪd͡ʒəl/ /ˈsɪd͡ʒɪl/ sigils n
séala
A seal, signature or signet.

sigma /ˈsɪɡmə/ sigmas sigmata n
sigme
The eighteenth letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets (Σ, σ), the twentieth letter of Old and Ancient.

sign /saɪn/ signs n
fógra
A clearly visible object, generally flat, bearing a short message in words or pictures.
teanga chomharthaíochta
(uncountable) Sign language in general.

sign /saɪn/ v
sínigh
(transitive) To validate or ratify (a document) by writing one's signature on it. [from 15th c.]

sign language sign languages n
teanga chomharthaíochta
(uncountable) Sign languages (sense 1) considered collectively.

sign of the cross signs of the cross n
comhartha na croise fíor na croise
(Christianity) A gesture of the hand moving over the front of one's body in the shape of a cross made as part of ritual or to invoke divine protection.

signage /ˈsaɪnɪd͡ʒ/ signages n
comharthaíocht
(uncountable) Signs, particularly those imparting commercial, directional, or road traffic information, taken collectively.

signature /ˈsɪɡnət͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪɡnət͡ʃɚ/ /ˈsɪɡnɪt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪɡnɪt͡ʃɚ/ signatures n
síniú
A person's name, written by that person, used as identification or to signify approval of accompanying material, such as a legal contract.

significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ significances n
tábhacht
The extent to which something matters; importance

significant figure significant figures n
digit shuntasach figiúr suntasach
(mathematics) A digit that is meaningful with respect to the precision of a measurement; that is, excluding any leading zeroes, trailing rounding or placeholder zeroes, and non-zero digits not warranted by the accuracy of a derivation or measurement.

signpost signposts n
craobh eolais cuaille eolais maide eolais
A post bearing a sign that gives information on directions.

signwriter signwriters n
litritheoir fógraí
One who writes signs.

silage /ˈsaɪlɪd͡ʒ/ silages n
sadhlas
Fermented green forage fodder stored in an airtight silo or clamp.

silence /ˈsaɪl(ə)ns/ /ˈsaɪləns/ silences n
tost
The absence of any sound.
Refraining from speaking, for purposes of prayer or meditation; especially, a form of worship practiced by the Society of Friends (Quakers) during meetings.

silence /ˈsaɪl(ə)ns/ /ˈsaɪləns/ v
ciúnaigh cuir ina thost
(transitive) To make (someone or something) silent.
cuir ina thost
(transitive) To suppress criticism, etc.

silencer silencers n
ciúnadóir
An attachment to a gun or an exhaust pipe that reduces the sound it emits

silent /ˈsaɪlənt/ more silent most silent silenter silentest adj
i do thost
Free from sound or noise; absolutely still; perfectly quiet.
Not speaking; indisposed to talk; speechless; mute; taciturn; not loquacious; not talkative.

silent film silent films n
scannán tostach
(cinematography, retronym) A film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially spoken dialogue.

silhouette /ˌsɪ.luːˈwɛt/ /ˌsɪ.ləˈwɛt/ /ˌsɪ.lʊˈwɛt/ silhouettes n
scáthchruth
An illustrated outline filled in with a solid color(s), usually only black, and intended to represent the shape of an object without revealing any other visual details; a similar appearance produced when the object being viewed is situated in relative darkness with brighter lighting behind it; a profile portrait in black, such as a shadow appears to be. [mid 19th c.]

silicon /ˈsɪləkɑn/ /ˈsɪlɪkən/ silicons n
sileacan sileacón
(chemistry, uncountable) A nonmetallic element (symbol Si) with an atomic number of 14 and atomic weight of 28.0855.

silicone /ˈsɪlɪkəʊn/ silicones n
sileacón
(chemistry) Any of a class of inert, semi-inorganic polymeric compounds (polysiloxanes), that have a wide range of thermal stability and extreme water repellence, used in a very wide range of industrial applications, and in prosthetic replacements for body parts.

silicosis silicoses n
sileacóis
(disease) A disease of the lungs caused by the inhalation of crystalline silica dust. [from late 19th c.]

silk /sɪlk/ silks n
síoda éadach síoda
(mostly, uncountable) A fine fiber excreted by the silkworm or other arthropod (such as a spider).
Anything which resembles silk, such as the filiform styles of the female flower of maize, or the seed covering of bombaxes.
The gown worn by a Senior (i.e. Queen's/King's) Counsel.
(colloquial) A Queen's Counsel, King's Counsel or Senior Counsel.
(circus arts, in the plural) A pair of long silk sheets suspended in the air on which a performer performs tricks.
(horse racing, usually, in the plural) The garments worn by a jockey displaying the colors of the horse's owner.
síoda seiric éadach síoda
A fine, soft cloth woven from silk fibers.

silkworm /ˈsɪlkwɜːm/ silkworms n
seiriceán
Any of various caterpillars of moths that produce silk cocoons, especially Bombyx mori, the source of most commercial silk.

sill /sɪl/ sills n
tairseach
(architecture, also "window sill") A breast wall; window breast; horizontal brink which forms the base of a window.
urlár
(geology) A stratum of rock, especially an intrusive layer of igneous rock lying parallel to surrounding strata.

silliness /-nəs/ /ˈsɪlinɪs/ sillinesses n
aerthacht breallaireacht breallántacht brealsúnacht bundúnacht diúide
(uncountable) That which is perceived as silly or frivolous.

silly /ˈsɪli/ sillier silliest adj
guanach
aertha gamalach
Laughable or amusing through foolishness or a foolish appearance.
aertha gamalach gan chiall
(cricket, of a fielding position) Very close to the batsman, facing the bowler; closer than short.

silt /sɪlt/ silts n
siolta
(uncountable) Mud or fine earth deposited from running or standing water.

silver /ˈsɪl.və/ /ˈsɪl.vɚ/ silvers n
airgead
(collectively) Coins made from silver or any similar white metal.
(collectively) Any items made from silver or any other white metal.
(uncountable) A shiny gray color.

silver birch silver birches n
beith gheal
A European deciduous tree, Betula pendula, characterised by white peeling bark and drooping branches.

silver medal silver medals n
bonn airgid
A medal made of, or having the color of, silver, given as a prize for finishing in second place.

silver paper n
airgeadpháipéar
aluminium foil, often used in wrapping food products such as chocolate.

silvering silverings n
airgeadú
The process of coating a surface with a thin layer of silver (or a similar metal), especially so as to form a mirror.

silvery /ˈsɪlvəɹi/ /ˈsɪlvɹi/ silverier silveriest adj
airgeadúil
Resembling silver in color, shiny white.

silviculture silvicultures n
cranneolaíocht foraoiseolaíocht
The care and development of forests in order to obtain a product or provide a benefit; forestry.

simian /ˈsɪm.i.ən/ more simian most simian adj
simiach simíoch
Of or pertaining to apes and monkeys.
Bearing resemblance to an ape or monkey; apelike or monkeylike.

simian /ˈsɪm.i.ən/ simians n
simiach simíoch
An ape or monkey, especially an anthropoid (infraorder Simiiformes).

similarly /ˈsɪmələli/ /ˈsɪməlɚli/ more similarly most similarly adv
ar an gcuma chéanna ar an mbealach céanna mar an gcéanna
(manner) In a like style or manner.

simmer /ˈsɪmə/ /ˈsɪmɚ/ v
suanbhruith
(transitive) To cause to cook or to cause to undergo heating slowly at or below the boiling point.

simple /ˈsɪmpəl/ [ˈsɪmpl̩] more simple most simple simpler simplest adj
gan chealg macánta saonta
(now, colloquial, euphemism) Feeble-minded; foolish.
simplí
(heading, technical) Structurally uncomplicated.

simple interest n
ús simplí
(finance) interest paid only on the principal.

simple-minded more simple-minded most simple-minded adj
aertha simplí
Lacking mental capacity; feeble-minded.

simple-mindedness n
aerthacht

simpleton /ˈsɪmpəltən/ simpletons n
baothán
(pejorative) A simple-minded person lacking common sense.

simplex /ˈsɪmplɛks/ simplexes simplices simplicia n
aonphléacs
(geometry, algebraic, _, topology) An analogue in a space of arbitrary dimensionality of the triangle or tetrahedron; the convex hull of n+1 linearly independent points in n-dimensional space; in other words, the triangle, tetrahedron etc., generalized to an arbitrary number of dimensions.

sin /sɪn/ sins n
peaca
(theology) A violation of divine will or religious law.
A misdeed or wrong.

sin /sɪn/ v
peacaigh
(intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.

sin bin sin bins n
loca pionóis póna peacaí
(sports) An area where players are temporarily confined while suspended from play following an infringement of the rules of the game.

sin bin v
cuir sa loca pionóis
(sports, usually in passive voice) to send a player off temporarily following an infringement of a rule in a game

since /sɪns/ conjunction
ó
From the time that.
Because.

since /sɪns/ preposition
ó
From: referring to a period of time ending in the present and defining it by the point in time at which it started, or the period in which its starting point occurred.

sincere /sɪnˈsɪə(ɹ)/ /sɪnˈsɪɹ/ more sincere most sincere sincerer sincerest adj
dílis cneasta
Meant truly or earnestly.

sine /saɪn/ sines n
síneas
(trigonometry, mathematics) In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse.

sine wave sine waves n
síneastonn
(trigonometry, signal processing) A periodically oscillating waveform as described by the sine function, possibly multiplied by some amplitude, shifted by some phase, and translated by an additive constant.

sing /sɪŋ/ v
can
(intransitive) To produce musical or harmonious sounds with one’s voice.

singe /sɪnd͡ʒ/ v
tíor
(transitive) To burn slightly.

singer /ˈsɪŋə/ /ˈsɪŋɚ/ singers n
amhránaí fonnadóir
A person who sings, often professionally.

singer-songwriter singer-songwriters n
amhránaí is scríbhneoir
A musician who both sings and composes, especially when recording or performing his or her own compositions.

singing /ˈsɪŋɪŋ/ more singing most singing adj
amhránach
(music) Smooth and flowing.

singing /ˈsɪŋɪŋ/ singings n
canadh cantaireacht
The act of using the voice to produce musical sounds; vocalizing.

single /ˈsɪŋɡl̩/ /ˈsɪŋɡəl/ adj
aonarach aonartha aonarúil
Not accompanied by anything else; one in number.
singil
Designed for the use of only one.
singil díomhaoin
Not married, and (in modern times) not dating or without a significant other.

single /ˈsɪŋɡl̩/ /ˈsɪŋɡəl/ singles n
singil
(music) A 45 RPM vinyl record with one song on side A and one on side B.
(music) A popular song released and sold (on any format) nominally on its own though usually having at least one extra track.

single bed single beds n
leaba shingil
A standard-sized bed, usually for the use of only one person.

single market single markets n
margadh aonair
A trade bloc with some common product-regulation policies in which most trade barriers have been removed.

single transferable vote single transferable votes n
aonghuth inaistrithe
A voting system where each voter lists the candidates in order of preference and there is provision to transfer the votes of the less popular candidates and a proportion of the votes of candidates who are elected with more than a certain quota.

single-handed adj
dólámhach
Without help from others; unassisted.

single-use adj
aonúsáide
Designed to be used one time and then discarded or disposed of.

singles n
cluiche dólámhach cluiche singil
(sports, plurale tantum) a game between individual players

singular /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/ /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjʊ.lə/ more singular most singular adj
uatha
(grammar) Referring to only one thing or person.

sinister /ˈsɪnɪstə/ /ˈsɪnɪstɚ/ more sinister most sinister adj
clé
(heraldry) On the left side of a shield from the wearer's standpoint, and the right side to the viewer.

sink /sɪŋk/ /zɪŋk/ sinks n
doirteal
A basin used for holding water for washing.

sinkhole sinkholes n
cíocra poll slogaide slogaide súmaire
(geology) A hole formed in soluble rock by the action of water, serving to conduct surface water to an underground passage.

sinner /ˈsɪnɚ/ sinners n
peacach
A person who sins or has sinned.

sinuosity /ˌsɪnjuˈɒsɪti/ sinuosities n
lúbacht
The property of being sinuous.

sip /sɪp/ sips n
bolgam
A small mouthful of drink

siphon /ˈsaɪfən/ siphons n
siofón
A bent pipe or tube with one end lower than the other, in which hydrostatic pressure exerted due to the force of gravity moves liquid from one reservoir to another.

siphon /ˈsaɪfən/ v
siofón
(transitive) To transfer (liquid) by means of a siphon.

siphonal adj
siofónach
(zoology) Resembling or relating to a siphon.

siren /ˈsaɪəɹən/ /ˈsaɪɹən/ sirenes sirens n
Síréana
(Greek mythology) One of a group of nymphs who lured mariners to their death on the rocks.
banchealgaire
A dangerously seductive woman.

sissy /ˈsɪsi/ sissier sissiest adj
piteogach
(pejorative) Effeminate.

sister /ˈsɪs.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪs.tɚ/ sisters sistren n
siúr deirfiúr
A female member of a religious order; especially one devoted to more active service; (informally) a nun.
deirfiúr siúr
Any woman or girl with whom a bond is felt through the same biological sex, gender or common membership in a community, race, profession, religion, organization, or ism.

sister-german sisters-german n
lándeirfiúr
a sister born of the same parents

sit /sɪt/ v
suigh
(intransitive, copulative, of a person) To be in a position in which the upper body is upright and supported by the buttocks.
(government) To be a member of a deliberative body.

sit down v
suigh

sitar sitars n
siotár
(musical instruments) A Hindustani/Indian classical stringed instrument, typically having a gourd as its resonating chamber.

situation /ˌsɪ.t͡ʃuˈ(w)eɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɪt.juːˈeɪ.ʃən/ situations n
cúrsaí staid
The combination of circumstances at a given moment; a state of affairs.
suíomh
The way in which something is positioned vis-à-vis its surroundings.
cás scéal áit
Position or status with regard to conditions and circumstances.
post
(UK) A position of employment; a post.

six /sɪks/ numeral
sé
A numerical value equal to 6; the number following five and preceding seven. This many dots: (••••••).

six of one, half a dozen of the other proverb
deartháir don sac an mála is ionann an cás an t-éag agus an bás
(idiomatic) The two alternatives are equivalent or indifferent; it doesn't matter which one we choose.

sixfold adj
séchodach
Having six component parts.

sixteen /ˈsɪks.tiːn/ /ˌsɪksˈtiːn/ numeral
sé déag
The cardinal number occurring after fifteen and before seventeen, represented in Arabic numerals as 16 and in Roman numerals as XVI.

sixteenth /ˌsɪksˈtiːnθ/ adj
séú déag
The ordinal form of the number sixteen.

sixth /sɪksθ/ [sɪk(s)t̪] [sɪkθ] adj
séú
The ordinal form of the number six.

sixth /sɪksθ/ [sɪk(s)t̪] [sɪkθ] sixths n
séú
(not used in the plural) The person or thing in the sixth position.

sixtieth /ˈsɪksti.əθ/ adj
seascadú 60ú
The ordinal form of the number sixty.

sixty /ˈsɪksti/ /ˈsɪkstɪ/ numeral
seasca
The cardinal number occurring after fifty-nine and before sixty-one, represented in Roman numerals as LX and in Arabic numerals as 60.

sixty-two numeral
seasca is dhá
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-one and preceding sixty-three.

size /saɪz/ sizes n
méid
The dimensions or magnitude of a thing; how big something is. [from 15th c.]

skate /skeɪt/ skate skates n
scáta
A runner or blade, usually of steel, with a frame shaped to fit the sole of a shoe, made to be fastened under the foot, and used for gliding on ice.
sciata
A fish of the family Rajidae in the superorder Batoidea (rays) which inhabit most seas. Skates generally have small heads with protruding muzzles, and wide fins attached to a flat body.

skate /skeɪt/ v
scátáil
To move along a surface (ice or ground) using skates.
clárscátáil
To skateboard.

skateboard skateboards n
clár scátála
(sports, recreation) A narrow, wooden or plastic platform mounted on pairs of wheels, on which one stands and propels oneself by pushing along the ground with one foot.

skateboard v
clárscátáil
(intransitive) To use a skateboard.

skein /skeɪn/ skeins n
scáinne
A quantity of yarn, thread, etc. put up together in an oblong shape, after it is taken from the reel. A skein of cotton yarn is formed by eighty turns of the thread around a fifty-four inch reel.

skeleton /ˈskɛlətən/ /ˈskɛləʔ.n̩/ skeleta skeletons n
creatlach
(anatomy) The system that provides support to an organism, internal and made up of bones and cartilage in vertebrates, external in some other animals.

skeptic /ˈskɛp.tɪk/ skeptics n
amhrasán
Someone who doubts beliefs, claims, plans, etc that are accepted by others as true or appropriate, especially one who habitually does so.

skeptical /ˈskɛptɪkəl/ more skeptical most skeptical adj
díchreidmheach
Having, or expressing doubt; questioning.

skerry /ˈskɛɹi/ skerries n
sceir
A small rocky island which may be covered by the sea at high tide or during storms.

sketch /sket͡ʃ/ /skɛt͡ʃ/ sketches n
sceitse
A rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not intended as a finished work, often consisting of a multitude of overlapping lines.
A brief, light, or unfinished dramatic, musical, or literary work or idea; especially a short, often humorous or satirical scene or play, frequently as part of a revue or variety show.

sketch /sket͡ʃ/ /skɛt͡ʃ/ v
graf

sketchbook sketchbooks n
leabhar sceitseála
A book or pad with blank pages for sketching; a sketch pad.

skewer /ˈskjuː.ə/ /ˈskjuː.ɚ/ skewers n
briogún scibhéar
A long pin, normally made of metal or wood, used to secure food during cooking.

ski /skiː/ /ʃiː/ skis n
scí
One of a pair of long flat runners designed for gliding over snow or water.

ski /skiː/ /ʃiː/ v
sciáil
(transitive) To travel over (a slope, etc.) on skis; to travel on skis at (a place), (especially as a sport).

ski lift ski lifts n
ardaitheoir sciála
A device that transports skiers up a mountain.

skiff /skɪf/ skiffs n
scif
Any of various types of boats small enough for sailing or rowing by one person.

skilfulness n
ealaíontacht
The state or condition of being skilful.

skill set skill sets n
riar scileanna
A set of skills. [from 1975]

skilled /skɪld/ more skilled most skilled adj
sciliúil
Having or showing skill; skillful.

skillet /ˈskɪlɪt/ skillets n
scilléad
(Midland US, Southern US) A pan for frying, generally large and heavy.

skillful /ˈskɪl.fəl/ [ˈskɪɫ.fəɫ] more skillful most skillful adj
sciliúil
Possessing skill; skilled.

skilligalee n
scileagailí

skim /skɪm/ v
scinn
(transitive) To pass near the surface of; to brush the surface of; to glide swiftly along the surface of.

skin /skɪn/ skins n
craiceann cneas seithe
(uncountable) The outer protective layer of the body of any animal, including of a human.
seithe craiceann
(countable) The skin and fur of an individual animal used by humans for clothing, upholstery, etc.
barr brutha craiceann
(countable) A congealed layer on the surface of a liquid.

skin /skɪn/ v
feann seithigh
(transitive) To remove the skin and/or fur of an animal or a human.
(transitive) To cover with skin, or as if with skin; hence, to cover superficially.

skin cancer skin cancers n
ailse chraicinn
(oncology, pathology) A malignant growth on the skin, such as melanoma.

skink /skɪŋk/ skinks n
scinc
A lizard of the family Scincidae, having small or reduced limbs or none at all and long tails that are regenerated when shed; a sandfish.

skipping rope skipping ropes n
rópa scipeála
An item for play or physical exercise consisting of a length of rope with a handle attached to each end, intended to be swung over and under a person jumping in a continual rhythm.

skirt /skɚt/ /skɜːt/ skirts n
sciorta
An article of clothing, usually worn by women and girls, that hangs from the waist and covers the lower part of the body.
sciorta íochtar
The part of a dress or robe, etc., that hangs below the waist.

skirting board skirting boards n
clár sciorta
(UK, AU, NZ, finish carpentry, interior decorating) A panel, normally made of wood, between the floor and the interior wall of a structure, or placed in a position that is subject to repeated knocks

skull /skʌl/ skulls n
blaosc blaosc an chinn blaosc an chloiginn cloigeann
(anatomy) The main bones of the head considered as a unit; including the cranium, facial bones, and mandible.

skullcap /ˈskʌlkæp/ skullcaps n
bairéad cúil
A small domed cap that covers the area from the forehead to just above the back of the neck.

skunk /skʌŋk/ skunks n
scúnc
Any of various small mammals, of the family Mephitidae, native to North and Central America, having a glossy black with a white coat and two musk glands at the base of the tail for emitting a noxious smell as a defensive measure.

sky /skaɪ/ skies n
aer spéir
The atmosphere above a given point, especially as visible from the surface of the Earth as the place where the sun, moon, stars, and clouds are seen.

sky blue more sky blue most sky blue adj
spéirghorm
Of a vibrant light blue colour, like that of the sky on a fine day.

skylark /ˈskaɪ.lɑɹk/ /ˈskʌɪ.lɑːk/ skylarks n
circín starraiceach fuiseog
A small brown passerine bird, Alauda arvensis, that sings as it flies high into the air.

skylight /ˈskaɪˌlaɪt/ skylights n
forléas fuinneog dhín spéirléas
(architecture) A window, dome, or opening in the roof or ceiling, to admit natural light.

skyscraper /ˈskaɪˌskɹeɪp.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈskaɪˌskɹeɪpɚ/ skyscrapers n
teach spéire ilstórach
(architecture) A very tall building with a large number of floors.

slab /slæb/ slabs n
leac
A large, flat piece of solid material; a solid object that is large and flat.
A paving stone; a flagstone.

slack /slæk/ slacker slackest adj
leibideach
Lacking diligence or care; not earnest or eager.

slack /slæk/ slacks n
ligean
(uncountable) The part of anything that hangs loose, having no strain upon it.

slacken /ˈslæ.kən/ v
scaoil
(transitive) To make slack, less taut, or less intense.

slackness /ˈslæknəs/ slacknesses n
leibideacht
The state of being slack; the quality of having slack.

slacks n
bríste treabhsar
(dated) Semi-formal trousers which are less formal than those that are part of a suit but nowadays are considered suitable casualwear in most offices. (Takes a plural verb even when referring to a single pair; may be referred to as a pair of slacks.)

slaked lime slaked limes n
aol sceite aol teilgthe
Calcium hydroxide, a soft white powder, produced by adding water to quicklime. It is used in making mortar and cement, and has many industrial uses.

slam /slæm/ v
plab
(transitive, ergative) To shut with sudden force so as to produce a shock and noise.
(transitive, ergative) To put in or on a particular place with force and loud noise. (Often followed by a preposition such as down, against or into.)

slant /ˈslænt/ /ˈslɑːnt/ slants n
maig
A slope; an incline, inclination.
A palette or similar container with slants or sloping depressions.

slap /slæp/ slaps n
boiseog
(countable) A blow, especially one given with the open hand, or with something broad and flat.

slash /slaʃ/ /slæʃ/ slashes n
fleasc
(originally, _, US, typography) The slash mark: the punctuation mark ⟨/⟩.

slate /sleɪt/ slates n
slinn scláta
(uncountable, geology) A fine-grained homogeneous sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash which has been metamorphosed so that it cleaves easily into thin layers.
scláta
(countable) A chalkboard, sheet of slate for writing on with chalk or with a thin rod of slate (a slate pencil) formerly commonly used by both students and teachers in schools.
(countable) A roofing-tile made of slate.

slate /sleɪt/ v
feann
(transitive, chiefly, British) To criticise harshly.

slattern /ˈslætən/ /ˈslætɚn/ slatterns n
abarlach
(dated) One who is uncareful or unconcerned about appearance or surroundings, usually said of a dirty and untidy woman.

slaughter /ˈslɑtɚ/ /ˈslɑɾɚ/ /ˈslɔɾɚ/ /ˈslɔːtə/ slaughters n
eirleach ár
A massacre; the killing of a large number of people.
ár
A rout or decisive defeat.

slaughterer slaughterers n
coscróir marfach marfóir ainmhithe
one who slaughters.
A ritual slaughterer, kosher slaughterer, kosher butcher, shochet / shokhet.

slave /sleɪv/ slaves n
sclábhaí
A person who is held in servitude as the property of another person, and whose labor (and often also whose body and life) is subject to the owner's volition and control.
A sex slave, a person who is forced against their will to perform, for another person or group, sexual acts on a regular or continuing basis.

slave labour n
sclábhaíocht
Using slaves to do work

slavery /ˈsleɪvəɹi/ /ˈsleɪvɹi/ slaveries n
sclábhaíocht
A condition of servitude endured by a slave.

slavish /ˈsleɪvɪʃ/ more slavish most slavish adj
moghach
in the manner of a slave; abject

sleaze /sliːz/ sleazes n
broghaisireacht
(uncountable) Low moral standards.

sleek /sliːk/ v
slíoc
(transitive) To make smooth or glossy; to polish.

sleep /slip/ /sliːp/ sleeps n
codladh suan
(uncountable) The state of reduced consciousness during which a human or animal rests in a daily rhythm.
codladh suan brach sramaí
(uncountable) Rheum, crusty or gummy discharge found in the corner of the eyes after waking, whether real or a figurative objectification of sleep (in the sense of reduced consciousness).

sleep /slip/ /sliːp/ v
codail
(intransitive) To rest in a state of reduced consciousness.
(intransitive) To be, or appear to be, in repose; to be quiet; to be unemployed, unused, or unagitated; to rest; to lie dormant.

sleep apnea sleep apneas n
aipnia chodlata
(pathology, American spelling) Brief interruptions of breathing during sleep.

sleep like a log /-ˈlɑɡ/ /ˈsliːp ˈla͡ɪk ə ˈlɒɡ/ /ˈsliːp ˈla͡ɪk ə ˈlɔɡ/ v
codladh an róin a dhéanadh
(simile) To sleep heavily, long and without disturbance.

sleep of the just /ˈslip əv ðə ˈdʒʌst/ /ˈsliːp əv ðə ˈdʒʌst/ n
codladh na bhfíréan
A deep and worry-free sleep.

sleep talk v
bí ag caint trí chodladh
.

sleeper sleepers n
fáinne cluaise simplí
A small starter earring, worn to prevent a piercing from closing.

sleeping bag /ˈsliːpɪŋ(ɡ) bæɡ/ sleeping bags n
mála codlata
A padded or insulated bag large enough to surround the whole body and which keeps the user warm while sleeping, used as a substitute for bedclothes.

sleeping car sleeping cars n
cóiste codlata
(rail) A railroad car with sleeping facilities for passengers travelling overnight.

sleepwalking sleepwalkings n
suansiúl
The act of walking while not conscious or aware of it, during one's sleep.

sleepy /ˈsliːpi/ sleepier sleepiest adj
codlatach néalmhar suanmhar
Tired; feeling the need for sleep.

sleet /sliːt/ sleets n
flichshneachta
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, Northeast US) Precipitation in the form of a mixture of rain and snow.

sleeve /sliːv/ sleeves n
muinchille
The part of a garment that covers the arm. [from 10th c.]

sleeveless adj
gan mhuinchillí
Of a garment, having no sleeves.

sleiveen /ˈsliːviːn/ sleiveens n
slíbhín slíghbhín
(Ireland, Newfoundland) A dishonest person; a trickster, usually from a rural area.

slender /ˈslɛndə/ /ˈslɛndɚ/ more slender most slender slenderer slenderest adj
caol seangchruthach
Thin; slim.

slenderness slendernesses n
caoile
The property of being slender.

slick /slɪk/ slicks n
leo
A covering of liquid, particularly oil.

slide /slaɪd/ slides n
sleamhnán
An item of play equipment that children can climb up and then slide down again.

slide /slaɪd/ v
sleamhnaigh
(ergative) To (cause to) move in continuous contact with a surface.

slide guitar slide guitars n
sleamhnú giotáir
(music) A technique of playing guitar by sliding a metal tube, or (originally) a glass bottleneck, along the guitar strings to alter the pitch.

slide projector slide projectors n
teilgeoir sleamhnán
A device that projects an enlarged image of a photographic slide onto a screen.

slim /slɪm/ slimmer slimmest adj
caol seang tanaí
Slender, thin.

slingshot /ˈslɪŋʃɒt/ slingshots n
crann tabhaill
(chiefly, American, Philippines) A Y-shaped stick with an elastic sling between the arms used for shooting small projectiles.

slip /slɪp/ slips n
fo-ghúna
A woman's undergarment worn under a skirt or dress to conceal unwanted nudity that may otherwise be revealed by the skirt or dress itself; a shift.

slip /slɪp/ v
sleamhnaigh
(transitive) To cause to move smoothly and quickly; to slide; to convey gently or secretly.

slip away v
slíoc leat
To leave a place, or a gathering, without being noticed.

slip coach slip coaches n
cóiste inscoite
(rail transport) A coach at the end of a long-distance train which carries passengers for an intermediate destination and is decoupled or "slipped" and left behind. (In bygone times the decoupling was done on the move; the rest of the train did not stop.)

slip road slip roads n
sliosbhóthar
A segment of roadway that joins a motorway to ordinary roads (in either direction)

slip through someone's fingers v
imigh idir méara duine éigin

slipped disc slipped discs n
teasc sciorrtha
(pathology) A vertebral disc that protrudes into the spinal canal, exerting pressure on spinal nerves and causing backache or sciatica.

slippery /ˈslɪpəɹi/ /ˈslɪpɹi/ more slippery most slippery slipperier slipperiest adj
sciorrach sleamhain sliopach
Of a surface, having low friction, often due to being covered in a non-viscous liquid, and therefore hard to grip, hard to stand on without falling, etc.
sleamhain
(figuratively, by extension) Evasive; difficult to pin down.

sloe /ˈsloʊ/ /ˈsləʊ/ sloes n
airne
Any of various other plants of the genus Prunus, as a shrub or small tree, Prunus alleghaniensis, bearing dark-purple fruit.

sloe gin /ˈsloʊ ˌdʒɪn/ /ˈsləʊ ˌdʒɪn/ sloe gins n
biotáille airní
A dark red liqueur made from sloe berries.

slogan /ˈsloʊɡən/ /ˈsləʊɡ(ə)n/ slogans n
sluán
(advertising) A catchphrase associated with a product or service being advertised.

slope /sloʊp/ /sləʊp/ slopes n
ardú caitheamh le fána fána sléim
An area of ground that tends evenly upward or downward.
céim fhána
The degree to which a surface tends upward or downward.

sloppy /ˈslɑ.pi/ /ˈslɒp.i/ sloppier sloppiest adj
liobarnach
Messy; not neat, elegant, or careful.

slot machine slot machines n
meaisín sliotáin
Any machine operated by placing a coin or token into a slot, especially

sloth /slɑθ/ /slɒθ/ /slɔθ/ /sləʊθ/ sloths n
aimhleisce búistíocht leisce
(uncountable) Laziness; slowness in the mindset; disinclination to action or labour.
spadán
(countable) A herbivorous, arboreal South American mammal of the families Megalonychidae and Bradypodidae, noted for its slowness and inactivity.

slothful more slothful most slothful adj
leisciúil
lazy; idle; tending to sloth.

slotting machine slotting machines n
meaisín gearrtha sliotán
A reciprocating machine tool used to cut mortises and to shape openings.

slouch hat slouch hats n
hata cromdhuilleach
A broad-brimmed felt hat worn by soldiers, often with a clasp on the left side to allow a rifle to be carried over the shoulder.

slough /slaʊ/ /sluː/ sloughs n
seascann
(British) A muddy or marshy area.

slovenly /ˈslɒv.ən.li/ /ˈslʌv.ən.li/ slovenlier slovenliest adj
leibideach
Careless or negligent; sloppy.

slow /sloʊ/ /sləʊ/ slower slowest adj
mall righin
Taking a long time to move or go a short distance, or to perform an action; not quick in motion; proceeding at a low speed.
righin
Of reduced intellectual capacity; not quick to comprehend.
leasc
Not hasty; not tending to hurry; acting with deliberation or caution.

slowness slownesses n
leadrán
The quality or state of being slow.

slowworm /ˈsləʊwɜː(ɹ)m/ slowworms n
earcán earcán caoch
A small Old World lizard, Anguis fragilis, often mistaken for a snake, having no legs and small eyes.

sludge /slʌd͡ʒ/ sludges n
dríodar
A residual semi-solid material left from industrial, water treatment, or wastewater treatment processes.

slug /slʌɡ/ slugs n
seilide drúchtín seilide drúchta
Any of many terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks, having no (or only a rudimentary) shell. [from early 18th c.]

sluggard sluggards n
scraiste
A person who is lazy, stupid, or idle by habit.

sluggish /ˈslʌɡɪʃ/ more sluggish most sluggish sluggisher sluggishest adj
ceanntrom
Habitually idle and lazy; slothful; dull; inactive

slur /slɜː(ɹ)/ slurs n
tarcaisne
An insult or slight.

slur /slɜː(ɹ)/ v
aithisigh
To cover over; to disguise; to conceal; to pass over lightly or with little notice.

slurry /ˈslɝ.i/ /ˈslʌ.ɹi/ slurries n
sciodar
(agriculture) A mixture of animal waste, other organic material and sometimes water, stored in a slurry pit and used as fertilizer; also used in combination, as pig slurry, etc.

slush /slʌʃ/ slushes n
lathach
Liquid mud or mire.

slut /slʊt/ /slʌt/ /ˈsɫɐt/ sluts n
striapach
(vulgar, often, _, derogatory) A sexually promiscuous woman.
abarlach ceamach
(archaic, derogatory) A slovenly, untidy person, usually a woman.
Soith
(obsolete) A female dog.

sly /slaɪ/ slier sliest slyer slyest adj
spleách
bradach
Artfully cunning; secretly mischievous; wily.
glic
(having a positive connotation) Dexterous in performing an action, so as to escape notice

small /smoːl/ /smɑl/ /smɔl/ /smɔːl/ [smoːɫ] smaller smallest adj
beag
Not large or big; insignificant; few in number.
Not prolonged in duration; not extended in time; short.

small caps n
ceannlitreacha beaga
(typography) Capital letters shown in the same form but in small size (typically of the same size as lower-case letters).

small change n
briseadh airgid mionairgead
(idiomatic) A minor or insignificant amount of money.

small talk n
cabaireacht mionchomhrá
(idiomatic) Idle conversation, typically on innocuous or unimportant subjects, usually engaged in at social gatherings out of politeness.

small tortoiseshell small tortoiseshells n
ruán beag
The colourful butterfly Aglais urticae, of the family Nymphalidae.

smallness smallnesses n
laghad
(uncountable) The state or quality of being small.

smallpox /ˈsmɔlpɑks/ /ˈsmɔːlpɒks/ smallpoxes n
bolgach bolgach Dé
(disease) An acute, highly infectious often fatal disease caused by Variola virus of the family Poxviridae. It was completely eradicated in the 1970s, but still exists in laboratories. Those who survived were left with pockmarks.

smart /smɑɹt/ /smɑːt/ more smart most smart smarter smartest adj
galánta
Good-looking; well dressed; fine; fashionable.

smartness smartnesses n
innealtacht tagracht
(uncountable) The state or quality of being smart, intelligence.
(uncountable) The state or quality of being smart in appearance.

smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/ /ˈsmɑːtfəʊn/ smartphones n
fón cliste
(cell phone) A mobile phone with more advanced features and greater computing capacity than a featurephone.

smash /smæʃ/ smashes n
pleist pléasc smíste tuairt
The sound of a violent impact; a violent striking together.

smash /smæʃ/ v
smiot
(intransitive) To be destroyed by being smashed.
gread
(transitive) To hit extremely hard.

smattering /ˈsmæ.təɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈsmæɾɚɪŋ/ smatterings n
salacharaíl smeadar
A superficial or shallow knowledge of a subject.

smear /smiɚ/ /smɪə(ɹ)/ /smɪɚ/ smears n
smearadh
A mark made by smearing.

smell /smɛl/ smells n
boladh bolaithe
A conclusion or intuition that a situation is wrong, more complex than it seems, or otherwise inappropriate.

smell /smɛl/ v
bolaigh
(transitive) To sense a smell or smells.

smelt /ˈsmɛlt/ smelts n
cualarach smealt
Any small anadromous fish of the family Osmeridae, found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and in lakes in North America and northern part of Europe.

smidgen /ˈsmɪd͡ʒən/ smidgens n
ruainnín
A very small quantity or amount.

smile /ˈsmaɪ.əl/ /ˈsmaɪl/ smiles n
aoibh fáthadh an gháire meangadh meangadh gáire miongháire
A facial expression comprised by flexing the muscles of both ends of one's mouth, often showing the front teeth, without vocalisation, and in humans is a common involuntary or voluntary expression of happiness, pleasure, amusement, goodwill, or anxiety.

smile /ˈsmaɪ.əl/ /ˈsmaɪl/ v
déan miongháire
(ambitransitive) To have (a smile) on one's face.

smirk /smɜːk/ /smɝk/ smirks n
leamh-mheangadh siotgháire straois streill
An uneven, often crooked smile that is insolent, self-satisfied, conceited or scornful.

smith /smɪθ/ smiths n
gabha
A craftsperson who works metal into desired forms using a hammer and other tools, sometimes heating the metal to make it more workable, especially a blacksmith.

smog /smɑɡ/ /smɒɡ/ /smɔɡ/ smogs n
toitcheo
A noxious mixture of particulates and gases that is the result of urban air pollution.

smoke /smoʊk/ /smoːk/ /sməʊk/ smokes n
deatach toit
(uncountable) The visible vapor/vapour, gases, and fine particles given off by burning or smoldering material.

smoke /smoʊk/ /smoːk/ /sməʊk/ v
caith
(transitive) To inhale and exhale the smoke from a burning cigarette, cigar, pipe, etc.

smoked /smoʊkt/ /sməʊkt/ adj
deataithe
Of food, treated with smoke, often for flavor or as a method of preservation.

smokehole smokeholes n
poll deataigh poll toite toiteachán
A hole in the top of a building, especially a basic building or structure such as a tipi or yurt, through which smoke can exit.

smoker /ˈsmoʊkɚ/ smokers n
caiteoir tobac
A person who smokes tobacco habitually.

smokescreen smokescreens n
brat deataigh
Smoke used as a disguise, mask or cover, as of troops in battle.

smokiness n
deatachas
The state or quality of being smoky.

smoking /ˈsmoʊkɪŋ/ /ˈsməʊkɪŋ/ smokings n
caitheamh tobac
The burning and inhalation of tobacco.
The act of exposing (something) to smoke; (by extension) the process by which foods are cured or flavoured by smoke

smoking car smoking cars n
carráiste tobac
a railroad car in which smoking is allowed

smoky /ˈsmoʊki/ smokier smokiest adj
toiteach toitiúil
Of a colour or colour pattern similar to that of smoke.

smolt /smoʊlt/ /smɒlt/ smolts n
gealóg
A young salmon two or three years old, when it has acquired its silvery color.

smooth /smuːð/ smoother smoothest adj
caoin mín
Having a texture that lacks friction. Not rough.
réidh
Without difficulty, problems, or unexpected consequences or incidents.
(of an action) Natural; unconstrained.
(of a motion) Unbroken.

smooth /smuːð/ v
slíoc
(transitive) To make smooth or even.

smother /ˈsmʊðə/ /ˈsmʊðəɹ/ /ˈsmʌðə/ /ˈsmʌðəɹ/ /ˈsmʌðɚ/ v
plúch
(intransitive) To be suffocated.

smudge /smʌd͡ʒ/ smudges n
smearadh
A blemish or smear, especially a dark or sooty one.

smugness smugnesses n
bogás
(uncountable) The state or quality of being smug.

smut /smʊt/ /smʌt/ smuts n
cáidheadas graostacht gáirsiúlacht salachar
(uncountable) Sexually vulgar material; something that is sexual in a dirty way; pornographic material.
dúchan
Any of a range of fungi, mostly Ustilaginomycetes, that cause plant disease in grasses, including cereal crops; the disease so caused.

smutty /ˈsmʌti/ smuttier smuttiest adj
graosta
Obscene, indecent.

snack /snæk/ snacks n
raisín scroid
A light meal.
smailc sneaic
An item of food eaten between meals.

snail /sneɪl/ [sn̥eɪ̯ɫ] snails n
seilide seilche seilmide
Any of very many animals (either hermaphroditic or nonhermaphroditic), of the class Gastropoda, having a coiled shell.

snail's pace n
teacht an tseilide
(informal) A very slow pace.

snake /sneɪk/ snakes n
nathair
A legless reptile of the suborder Serpentes with a long, thin body and a fork-shaped tongue.
A treacherous person; a rat.

snap /snæp/ snaps n
snap
(uncountable) A card game, primarily for children, in which players cry "snap" to claim pairs of matching cards as they are turned up.

snap /snæp/ v
pléasc
(intransitive) To give forth or produce a sharp cracking noise; to crack.

snapdragon /ˈsnæpdɹæɡən/ snapdragons n
antairíneam
(countable) Any plant of the genus Antirrhinum, with showy yellow, white or red flowers.

snappy /ˈsnæpi/ snappier snappiest adj
bríomhar gasta mear sciobtha
(informal) Rapid and without delay.
borb cantalach giorraisc grod
(informal) Irritable.
galánta néata pioctha péacach
(informal) Tidy; well-dressed; sharp.

snare /snɛ(ə)ɹ/ /snɛə/ snares n
dol gaiste súil ribe
A mental or psychological trap.

snare drum snare drums n
sreangdhruma
A tubular drum with skins stretched over the top and bottom, and having a set of chains that can be applied to the bottom skin to create a rattling sound.

snatch /snæt͡ʃ/ snatches n
binsín ceoil bonnán ceoil bonnán d'amhrán cuach cheoil cuaichín cheoil spallaíocht cheoil
A piece of some sound, usually music or conversation.

snatch /snæt͡ʃ/ v
sciob
(transitive) To grasp and remove quickly.
(transitive) To take or seize hastily, abruptly, or without permission or ceremony.

sneakily more sneakily most sneakily adv
gan fhios
In a sneaky manner.

sneeze /sniːz/ sneezes n
sraoth sraothartach
An act of sneezing.

sneeze /sniːz/ v
lig sraoth
(intransitive, medical sign) To expel air as a reflex induced by an irritation in the nose.

sniffle /ˈsnəf.əl/ /ˈsnɪf.əl/ v
bheith ag smaoisireacht bheith ag smaoisíl
(intransitive) To make a whimpering or sniffing sound when breathing, because of a runny nose.

snipe /snaɪp/ snipe snipes n
naoscach
Any of various limicoline game birds of the genera Gallinago, Lymnocryptes and Coenocorypha in the family Scolopacidae, having a long, slender, nearly straight beak.

snobbery snobberies n
ardnós
The property or trait of being a snob.

snood /snuːd/ snoods n
drogha foirtéim losna lusna snúda
A short line of horsehair, gut, monofilament, etc., by which a fishhook is attached to a longer (and usually heavier) line; a snell.

snooker /ˈsnuːkə(ɹ)/ /ˈsnʊkɚ/ snookers n
snúcar
A cue sport, popular in the UK and other Commonwealth of Nations countries.

snore /sno(ː)ɹ/ /snoə/ /snɔɹ/ /snɔː/ v
srann
(ambitransitive) To breathe during sleep with harsh, snorting noises caused by vibration of the soft palate.

snow /snoʊ/ /snəʊ/ [snoʊ̯] [snəʊ̯] snows n
sneachta
(uncountable) The frozen, crystalline state of water that falls as precipitation.
(uncountable) Any similar frozen form of a gas or liquid.
(countable) A snowfall; a blanket of frozen, crystalline water.
(uncountable) A shade of the color white.
(uncountable) The moving pattern of random dots displayed on a television, etc., when no transmission signal is being received.
(uncountable, slang) Cocaine.
Marine snow.
(informal, in the plural) Clipping of snow tires.

snow /snoʊ/ /snəʊ/ [snoʊ̯] [snəʊ̯] v
sneachta a chur
(impersonal) To have snow fall from the sky.

snow bunting snow buntings n
gealóg shneachta
A finch, Plectrophenax nivalis, having white plumage, widely distributed in northern latitudes.

snow leopard snow leopards n
liopard sneachta
A large feline mammal, Panthera uncia (syn. Uncia uncia), native to mountain ranges of central Asia.

snow-covered more snow-covered most snow-covered adj
sneachtach sneachtúil
Snowy; covered with snow.

snowberry snowberries n
póirín sneachta
The fruit of shrubs of these genera.

snowboarding n
clársciáil
The sport of sliding downhill on a snowboard.

snowdrift /ˈsnəʊdɹɪft/ snowdrifts n
ráth sneachta
A bank of snow accumulated by the wind.

snowdrop /ˈsnoʊ.dɹɑp/ /ˈsnəʊ.dɹɒp/ snowdrops n
plúirín sneachta
Any of the 20 species of the genus Galanthus of the Amaryllidaceae, bulbous flowering plants, bearing a solitary, pendulous, white, bell-shaped flower that appears, depending on species, between autumn and late winter or early spring, all native to temperate Eurasia.

snowflake /ˈsnoʊ.fleɪk/ /ˈsnəʊ.fleɪk/ snowflakes n
calóg shneachta cáithnín sneachta
A crystal of snow, having approximate hexagonal symmetry.

snowman /ˈsnoʊ.mæn/ /ˈsnəʊ.mæn/ snowmen n
fear sneachta
A humanoid figure made with large snowballs stacked on each other. Human traits like a face and arms may be fashioned with sticks (arms), a carrot (nose), and stones or coal (eyes, mouth).

snowplow snowplows n
céachta sneachta
A motorized vehicle that is used to push snow off flat surfaces such as roads and parking lots.
A device attached to a vehicle to enable it to be used for removing snow.

snowshoe /ˈsnoʊʃu/ snowshoes n
bróg shneachta
A flat item of footwear worn to facilitate walking in deep snow.

snowy /snəʊi/ snowier snowiest adj
sneachtach sneachtúil
Marked by snow, characterized by snow.

snowy owl snowy owls n
ulchabhán sneachtúil
A large, white, nomadic Arctic owl (Bubo scandiacus).

snub nose snub noses n
geanc
A nose that is flat and broad, and turned upward at the tip.

snug /snʌɡ/ snugs n
clúid cúláisean
(British) A small, comfortable back room in a pub.

snuggle /ˈsnʌ.ɡəl/ v
deasaigh isteach (le)
(transitive, intransitive) To lie close to another person or thing, hugging or being cosy.
deasaigh isteach
To move or arrange oneself in a comfortable and cosy position.

so /soʊ/ /səʊ/ more so most so adj
chomh dá bhrí sin
In that state or manner; with that attribute. A proadjective that replaces the aforementioned adjective phrase.

so /soʊ/ /səʊ/ adv
chomh dá bhrí sin
To the (explicitly stated) extent that.
dá bhrí sin
In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned; likewise, also.

so /soʊ/ /səʊ/ conjunction
dá bhrí sin
With the result that; for that reason; therefore.
chomh
(informal) Used as a sentence-starting filler or introductory word with no particular meaning.
Used to connect previous conversation or events to the following question.

so /soʊ/ /səʊ/ interjection
dá bhrí sin
Used as a question to ask for further explanation of something said, often rhetorically or in a dismissive or impolite manner.
chomh dá bhrí sin
Used as a meaningless filler word to begin a response to a question.

so far adv
go dtí seo
(idiomatic) Until now; previously; yet.

so far so good proverb
tús maith leath na hoibre
(idiom) Up to this point, all is OK.

so that conjunction
ar nós go i riocht is go ionas go sa chaoi go
Indicates purpose; in order that, with the result that.

so what interjection
nach cuma?
(colloquial, rhetorical question, impolite) A reply to an unimportant or irrelevant statement, indicating indifference on the part of the speaker.

soaked to the skin adj
fliuch go craiceann

soap /soʊp/ /səʊp/ soaps n
gallúnach sópa
(countable, uncountable, informal, by extension, mineral) Some other substance, often a detergent or another surfactant, able to mix with both oil and water, used for cleaning.

soap dish soap dishes n
méisín sópa soitheach gallúnaí
A dish-like container to hold a bar of soap, often mounted to the wall of a bathroom.

soap opera /ˈsoʊp ˌɑ.pɚ.ə/ /ˈsoʊp ˌɑ.pɹə/ soap operas n
sobalchlár sobaldráma
(countable) A radio or television serial, typically broadcast in the afternoon or evening, about the lives of melodramatic characters, which are often filled with strong emotions, highly dramatic situations and suspense.

soap suds n
sobal sobal gallúnaí
Lather, suds, foam produced by soap in water.

soapwort soapworts n
garbhán creagach
Any perennial herb of the genus Saponaria.

sob /sɑb/ /sɒb/ sobs n
cuach
A cry with a short, sudden expulsion of breath.

sober /ˈsoʊ.bɚ/ /ˈsəʊ.bə(ɹ)/ soberer soberest adj
neamh-mheisciúil
Not drunk; not intoxicated.
Not given to excessive drinking of alcohol.

sober up v
tar as meisce
To become sober; to cause to become sober.

soccer /ˈsɑk.ɚ/ /ˈsɒk.ə/ n
sacar peil
(originated, , late 19th C, now, commonly, US, Australia) Association football.

sociability sociabilities n
caidreamhacht caidriúlacht cuideachtúlacht suáilceas
The skill, tendency or property of being sociable or social, of interacting well with others.

sociable /ˈsoʊʃəbəl/ more sociable most sociable adj
caidreamhach cuideachtúil
(of a person) Tending to socialize or be social.

sociable lapwing sociable lapwings n
pilibín ealtúil
A plover, Vanellus gregarius.

sociableness n
caidriúlacht cuideachtúlacht céilíocht láí
the state or condition of being sociable

social /ˈsoʊ.ʃəl/ /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl/ more social most social adj
sóisialta
Being extroverted or outgoing.
Of or relating to society.
(Internet) Relating to social media or social networks.

social /ˈsoʊ.ʃəl/ /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl/ socials n
ócáid shóisialta
A festive gathering to foster introductions.

social democracy social democracies n
daonlathas sóisialta
(political) A moderate political philosophy or ideology that aims to achieve socialist (socialistic) goals within a democratic society and a liberal democracy such as by means of a strong welfare state and regulation of private industry.

social democrat social democrats n
daonlathaí sóisialta
(politics) A supporter of social democracy, a political ideology in which a socialist system of government is achieved by democratic means.

social distancing /ˈsoʊʃəl ˌdɪstən(t)sɪŋ/ /ˈsəʊʃəl ˌdɪstən(t)sɪŋ/ n
scaradh sóisialta
(epidemiology) The practice of maintaining physical distance between people to reduce the spread of communicable diseases by isolating those with such diseases in quarantines, maintaining space between individuals, and prohibiting certain activities.

social engineering n
innealtóireacht shóisialta
(sociology) Use of numerical data to inform social programs.
(political science) Efforts to influence attitudes and social behaviors on a large scale, in order to produce desired characteristics in a target population.
(computer security) The practice of tricking a user into giving, or giving access to, sensitive information, thereby bypassing most or all protection.

social housing n
tithíocht phoiblí tithíocht shóisialta
(UK) Rental housing owned and managed by the government, non-profit organizations, or by a combination of the two, with the aim of providing affordable housing, often focusing on disadvantaged groups such as low-income earners, social-security recipients, the elderly and people with disabilities.

social security n
slándáil shóisialach slándáil shóisialta
Those benefits paid under such a system.

socialism /ˈsoʊʃəlɪzəm/ /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ socialisms n
sóisialachas
(Marxism-Leninism) The intermediate phase of social development between capitalism and communism in Marxist theory in which the state has control of the means of production.
Any of a group of later political philosophies such democratic socialism and social democracy which do not envisage the need for full state ownership of the means of production nor transition to full communism, and which are typically based on principles of community decision making, social equality and the avoidance of economic and social exclusion, with economic policy giving first preference to community goals over individual ones.

socialist /ˈsoʊ.ʃə.lɪst/ /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ more socialist most socialist adj
sóisialach
Of, relating to, supporting, or advocating socialism.

socialist /ˈsoʊ.ʃə.lɪst/ /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ socialists n
sóisialaí
One who supports or advocates socialism.

societal [səˈsaɪ.ə.tɫ̩] [səˈsaɪ.ə.ɾɫ̩] [səˈsaɪ.ɪ.tɫ̩] [səˈsɑɪ.ə.tɫ̩] [səˈsɑɪ.ə.ɾɫ̩] more societal most societal adj
sochaíoch
Of or pertaining to society or social groups, or to their activities, customs, etc.

society /səˈsaɪ.ə.ti/ societies n
tsochaí
(countable) A long-standing group of people sharing cultural aspects such as language, dress, norms of behavior and artistic forms.
cumann
(countable) A group of people who meet from time to time to engage in a common interest; an association or organization.

socio-economic adj
socheacnamaíoch
Of or pertaining to a combination of social and economic factors.

socio-political adj
sochpholaitiúil
Of or pertaining to a combination of social and political factors.

sociocritical adj
soch-chriticiúil
Of or relating to social criticism.

sociocultural more sociocultural most sociocultural adj
soch-chultúrtha
Of or relating to both society and culture.

socioeconomics n
socheacnamaíocht
The branch of economics that deals with social aspects.

sociogram sociograms n
sochghram
A graphic representation of the structure of interpersonal relations in a group situation; a depiction of the social links that a person has.

sociolinguistic /ˌsəʊsi.əʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/ /ˌsəʊʃjəʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/ adj
sochtheangeolaíoch
Pertaining to sociolinguistics.

sociolinguistics /ˌsoʊsi.oʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ /ˌsəʊsi.əʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ /ˌsəʊʃjəʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ n
sochtheangeolaíocht
(linguistics) The study of social and cultural effects on language and vice-versa.

sociological adj
socheolaíoch
Of or pertaining to sociology.

sociologism sociologisms n
socheolaíochas
The attribution of a sociological basis to another discipline.

sociologist sociologists n
socheolaí
A scientist studying the field of sociology; a social scientist.

sociology /ˌsəʊsiːˈɒlədʒiː/ /ˌsəʊʃiːˈɒlədʒiː/ sociologies n
socheolaíocht
A social science that studies society, human social interaction, patterns of social relationships, and the interactions of culture. Through both theory and applied research, it engages subject matters across a range of microanalysis, mesoanalysis, and macroanalysis.

sociomatrix sociomatrices n
sochmhaitrís
a tabular representation in matrix form of data collected using a sociometric method to measure interpersonal relationships

sociometric adj
sochmhéadrach
Relating to sociometry or to sociometrics

sociopath /ˈsoʊ.si.oʊˌpæθ/ /ˈsoʊ.si.əˌpæθ/ sociopaths n
sochapatach
A person with an antisocial personality disorder.

sociopathic more sociopathic most sociopathic adj
sochapatach
Having the characteristics of a sociopath.

sock /sɑk/ /sɒk/ socks sox n
stoca gearr stoca
(clothing) A knitted or woven covering for the foot.

socket /ˈsɑkɪt/ /ˈsɒkɪt/ sockets n
soicéad
(mechanics) An opening into which a plug or other connecting part is designed to fit (e.g. a light bulb socket).

soda bread soda breads n
arán sóide
(cuisine) Bread made using sour milk and baking soda as a raising agent, rather than yeast; common in Ireland.

sodden /ˈsɑ.dən/ /ˈsɒ.dən/ more sodden most sodden adj
aimlithe
Soaked or drenched with liquid; soggy, saturated.

sodium /ˈsoʊ.di.əm/ /ˈsəʊ.dɪəm/ sodiums n
sóidiam
The chemical element (symbol Na) with an atomic number of 11 and atomic weight of 22.990. It is a soft, waxy, silvery, reactive alkali metal that is never found unbound in nature.

sodium bicarbonate sodium bicarbonates n
décharbónáit sóidiam
(chemistry) A salt of sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid, NaHCO3.

sodium carbonate sodium carbonates n
carbónáit sóidiam
(chemistry) A salt, Na2CO3 formally derived from sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid; it is a white powder, soluble in water, with domestic, commercial and industrial uses; it occurs naturally as natrite.

sodium chloride sodium chlorides n
clóiríd sóidiam
(inorganic compound) Common table salt, a compound composed of equal number of sodium and chlorine atoms. Chemical formula NaCl.

sodium hydroxide n
hiodrocsaíd sóidiam
(inorganic compound) A strong, caustic alkali (NaOH) used in the manufacture of soap, detergents, paper, textiles and having many other industrial applications.

sodium nitrate n
níotráit sóidiam
(inorganic chemistry) the sodium salt of nitric acid, NaNO3; used as a food preservative, and as an oxidizing agent in explosives such as sodatol.

sodium sulfate n
sulfáit sóidiam
(inorganic compound) The sodium salt of sulfuric acid, Na2SO4; it is a mild laxative (as Glauber's salt), and is used in the manufacture of paper, detergents and many other products.

soft /sæft/ /sɑft/ /sɒft/ /sɔft/ /sɔːft/ softer softest adj
tláith
bog
Easily giving way under pressure.
(of cloth or similar material) Smooth and flexible; not rough, rugged, or harsh.

soft mutation soft mutations n
séimhiú
(linguistics) An alteration of the initial consonant of a word which occurs in certain Celtic languages under particular linguistic circumstances; lenition.

soft palate soft palates n
coguas
(anatomy) The soft tissue at the back of the roof of the mouth.

soft-shell turtle soft-shell turtles n
turtar blaoscbhog
Any turtle of the family Trionychidae, such turtles having a carapace that has no scutes and is leathery and pliable at the sides.

softball softballs n
láimhe
(sports) A game similar to baseball but played with a larger and softer ball which can be thrown overhand or underhand.

softcore pornography n
pornagrafaíocht bhog
A form of pornography where the sexual acts are relatively unexplicit.

softness /ˈsɑftnəs/ /ˈsɒftnəs/ /ˈsɔftnəs/ softnesses n
leibideacht
The quality of being soft.

software /ˈsɑftˌwɛɹ/ /ˈsɒf(t)ˌwɛə/ /ˈsɔf(t)ˌweː/ /ˈsɔftˌwɛɹ/ n
bogearraí
(computing) Encoded computer instructions, usually modifiable (unless stored in some form of unalterable memory such as ROM).

software engineer software engineers n
innealtóir bogearraí
One who designs and implements software solutions.

software engineering n
innealtóireacht bogearraí
The subfield of engineering concerned with applying a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software.

softwood softwoods n
adhmad bog bogadhmad
(uncountable, mostly, botany) The wood from any gymnosperm, without regard to how soft this wood is.
(uncountable) Any commercial timber.

softy softies n
leibide
(informal) A weak or sentimental person.

soggy /ˈsɒɡi/ soggier soggiest adj
fliuch
Soaked with moisture or other liquid.

soil /sɔɪl̩/ [sɔɪ̯ɫ̩] v
salaigh
(transitive) To make dirty.
To make invalid, to ruin.

soil physics n
ithirfhisic
The sub-discipline of soil science that studies the physical properties of the soil, with particular emphasis on soil moisture potential, water movement and solute transport.

solar radiation n
radaíocht na gréine
(astronomy) All the electromagnetic radiation and subatomic particles radiated from the Sun, especially that part that reaches the Earth

solar system /ˈsoʊ.lɚ ˌsɪs.təm/ /ˈsəʊl.ə ˌsɪs.təm/ solar systems n
grianchóras
Any collection of heavenly bodies including a star or binary star, and any lighter stars, brown dwarfs, planets, and other objects in orbit.

solar wind solar winds n
grianghaoth
(astronomy) The outflow of charged particles from the solar corona into space. Because of the high temperature of the particles of the corona, they are moving at speeds higher than the solar escape velocity.

solder /ˈsoʊ.dɚ/ /ˈsɑd.ɚ/ /ˈsɒl.də(ɹ)/ /ˈsɔ.dɚ/ /ˈsəʊl.də(ɹ)/ solders n
sádar
Any of various easily-melted alloys, commonly of tin and lead, that are used to mend, coat, or join metal objects, usually small.

solder /ˈsoʊ.dɚ/ /ˈsɑd.ɚ/ /ˈsɒl.də(ɹ)/ /ˈsɔ.dɚ/ /ˈsəʊl.də(ɹ)/ v
sádráil
to join items together, or to coat them with solder

soldier /ˈsoʊld͡ʒɚ/ /ˈsɒld͡ʒə/ /ˈsəʊld͡ʒə/ soldiers n
saighdiúir
A member of a ground-based army, of any rank, but especially an enlisted member.

soldier fly soldier flies n
saighdiúir cuile
Any fly of the insect family Stratiomyidae, which resemble wasps.

soldier of fortune soldiers of fortune n
amhas
A non-commissioned soldier willing to serve any state or person who will hire him.
(figuratively, by extension) A person willing to work for or ally himself with any person or institution who will take him on.

sole /soʊl/ /sɐʉl/ /səʊl/ [sɒʊɫ] soles n
sól coiteann teanga chait sól
(fish) Solea solea, a flatfish of the family Soleidae; a true sole.
bonn
The bottom of the body of a plough; the slade.

solecism /ˈsoʊlɪsɪzəm/ /ˈsɑləsɪzəm/ /ˈsɒlɪsɪzəm/ [ˈsoʊlɨsɪzəm] solecisms n
dearmad gramadaí
(grammar) Error in the use of language.

solicitor /səˈlɪstə/ /səˈlɪsɪtə/ /səˈlɪsɪtɚ/ solicitors n
aturnae
In many common law jurisdictions, a type of lawyer whose traditional role is to offer legal services to clients apart from acting as their advocate in court. A solicitor instructs barristers to act as an advocate for their client in court, although rights of audience for solicitors vary according to jurisdiction.

solicitude /səˈlɪsɪˌt(j)uːd/ solicitudes n
anchúram
The state of being solicitous; uneasiness of mind occasioned by fear of evil or desire for good; anxiety.

solid /ˈsɑ.lɪd/ /ˈsɒl.ɪd/ more solid most solid adj
soladach
(of volumes of materials) Measured as a single solid, as the volumes of individual pieces added together without any gaps.

solid /ˈsɑ.lɪd/ /ˈsɒl.ɪd/ solids n
solad
(chemistry) A substance in the fundamental state of matter that retains its size and shape without need of a container (as opposed to a liquid or gas).

solid-state adj
soladstaid staid sholadach
(physics) Having or relating to the physical properties of solid materials, especially electromagnetic, thermodynamic or structural properties of crystalline solids.
(electronics, of an electronic component) Based upon semiconductors, as distinct from older technologies such as vacuum tubes.

solidarism solidarisms n
dlúthpháirtíochas
Any of several social movements which advocate various kinds of solidarity; see Solidarism.

solidarity /ˌsɑ.ləˈdæɹ.ti/ /ˌsɑ.ləˈdæɹ.ə.ti/ /ˌsɒl.ɪˈdæɹ.ti/ /ˌsɒl.ɪˈdæɹ.ə.ti/ /ˌsɔl.əˈdæɹ.ə.ti/ [ˌsɑ.ləˈdæɹ.ɾi] [ˌsɔl.əˈdæɹ.ə.ɾi] solidarities n
dlúthchomhar dlúthpháirtíocht
(countable) A bond of unity or agreement between individuals, united around a common goal or against a common enemy, such as the unifying principle that defines the labor movement; mutual support within a group.
dlúthpháirtíocht
(uncountable) Willingness to give psychological and/or material support when another person is in a difficult position or needs affection.

solidify /səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ/ /səˈlɪdəˌfɑɪ/ /səˈlɪdɪˌfaɪ/ /səˈlɪdˌfɑɪ/ [səˈlɪɾəˌfaɪ] [səˈlɪɾəˌfɑɪ] [səˈlɪɾˌfɑɪ] v
cruaigh daingnigh reoigh soladaigh
(transitive) To make solid; convert into a solid body.
reoigh soladaigh éirigh crua
(intransitive) To become solid; to freeze, set.

solidity /səˈlɪdɪti/ solidities n
diongbháilteacht
The state or quality of being solid.

solitariness /ˈsɒlɪt(ə)ɹɪnəs/ solitarinesses n
aonaránacht
The state or quality of being solitary.

solitary /ˈsɑlɪtɛɹi/ /ˈsɒlɪtɹi/ adj
aonarach aonartha aonarúil aonraic
Living or being by oneself; alone; having no companion present
iargúlta
Not much visited or frequented; remote from society
aonarach aonartha aonarúil
Single; individual; sole.

solitary confinement solitary confinements n
braighdeanas aonair
Forced isolation in a small space and the denial of contact with other persons, usually as a form of punishment for a prison inmate.

solitude /ˈsɑlɪˌtud/ /ˈsɒlɪˌtjuːd/ solitudes n
aonarachas aonaracht
Aloneness; the state of being alone, solitary, or by oneself.

solo /ˈsoʊ.loʊ/ /ˈsəʊ.ləʊ/ soli solos n
aonréad
(music) A piece of music for one performer.

soloist soloists n
ceoltóir aonair
A person who performs a solo.

solstice /ˈsoʊl.stɪs/ /ˈsɑl.stɪs/ /ˈsɒl.stɪs/ /ˈsəʊl.stɪs/ solstices n
grianstad
One of the two points in the ecliptic at which the sun is furthest from the celestial equator. This corresponds to one of two days in the year when the day is either longest or shortest.

solution /səˈl(j)uːʃən/ solutions n
fuascailt
An act, plan or other means, used or proposed, to solve a problem.

solve /sɑlv/ /sɒlv/ /sɔlv/ v
fuascail
To find an answer or solution to a problem or question; to work out.

somatic cell somatic cells n
cill shómach
(cytology) Any normal cell of an organism that is not involved in reproduction; a cell that is not on the germline.

sombrero /soʊmˈbɹɛɹ.oʊ/ /sɑmˈbɹɛɹ.oʊ/ /səmˈbɹɛɹ.oʊ/ sombreros n
soimbréaró
A kind of hat with a high conical or cylindrical crown and a saucer-shaped brim, highly embroidered, made of plush felt.

some /sɐm/ /səm/ /sʊm/ /sʌm/ [säm] [sɐm] determiner
roinnt
(stressed) A nonzero, unspecified proportion of (a bounded set of countable things): at least two.
éigin
(stressed) A certain, an unspecified or unknown.

some /sɐm/ /səm/ /sʊm/ /sʌm/ [säm] [sɐm] pronoun
daoine
A certain number, at least two.
roinnt
An indefinite quantity.
roinnt ábhar
An indefinite amount, a part.

somehow /ˈsʌmhaʊ/ adv
ar chuma éigin
In one way or another; in a way not yet known or explained; by some means

somersault /ˈsʊməˌsɒlt/ /ˈsʌməˌsɒlt/ /ˈsʌməˌsɔːlt/ /ˈsʌmɚˌsɑlt/ /ˈsʌmɚˌsɔlt/ somersaults n
aer-rothlú
Starting on one's feet, an instance of rotating one's body 360 degrees while airborne or on the ground, with one's feet passing over one's head.

something /ˈsʌm.θɪŋ/ [sʌˑɪŋ] [sʌ̃ː] [ˈsɐm̥(p)θɪŋ] [ˈsʌ(m)ʔm̩] [ˈsʌm̥(p)θɪŋ] [ˈsʌn̪̥θɪŋ] [ˈsʌɾ̃ɪŋ] pronoun
rud éigin
An uncertain or unspecified thing; one thing.

sometime /ˈsʌmˌtaɪm/ adv
am éigin
At an indefinite but stated time in the past or future.

sometimes /ˈsʌmtaɪmz/ adv
amanna scaití uaireanta
On some occasions, over some periods, or in certain circumstances, but not always. [from 16th c.]

somewhat /ˈsʌmwɒt/ /ˈsʌmwʌt/ adv
breis rud beag
To a limited extent or degree; not completely.

somewhere else adv
in áit éigin eile
In or at some other place.
áit éigin eile
To some other place.

son /sɒn/ /sʌn/ sons n
mac
One's male offspring.
A male adopted person in relation to his adoptive parents.
A familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person.

son of a bitch sons of a bitch sons of bitches n
mac soith
(pejorative, slang, vulgar) An objectionable, despicable person.

son of a whore sons of whores n
mac striapaí
(pejorative, slang) An objectionable person.

son-in-law /ˈsʌnɪnˌlɔː/ son-in-laws sons-in-law n
cliamhain
The husband of one's child.

sonata /soʊˈneɪtə/ /səˈnɑːtə/ sonatas n
sonáid
(music) A musical composition for one or a few instruments, one of which is frequently a piano, in three or four movements that vary in key and tempo.

song /sɑŋ/ /sɒŋ/ /sɔŋ/ songs n
amhrán ceol
A musical composition with lyrics for voice or voices, performed by singing.

song thrush song thrushes n
smólach ceoil
A songbird in the thrush family, found across Eurasia (Turdus philomelos).

sonic /ˈsɒnɪk/ adj
sonach
Of or relating to sound.
Having a speed approaching that of the speed of sound in air.

sonic boom sonic booms n
tormán sonach
(physics, aerodynamics) The audible effect of a shock wave in the air, especially one caused by an aircraft flying faster than the speed of sound.

sonnet /ˈsɒnɪt/ /ˈsʌnɪt/ sonnets n
soinéad
A fixed verse form of Italian origin consisting of fourteen lines that are typically five-foot iambics and rhyme according to one of a few prescribed schemes.

soon /sun/ /suːn/ sooner soonest adv
go haibéil go luath
Within a short time; quickly.

soot /suːt/ /sʉt/ /sʊt/ /sʌt/ soots n
súiche
Fine black or dull brown particles of amorphous carbon and tar, produced by the incomplete combustion of coal, oil etc.

soothsayer /ˈsuːθˌseɪə/ /ˈsuθˌseɪɚ/ soothsayers n
bean feasa fear feasa fáidh fáidheadóir fáistineach mathmharc
One who attempts to predict the future, using magic, intuition or intelligence; a diviner.

sorcerer /ˈsoɹ.sɚ.ɚ/ /ˈsɔːsəɹə(ɹ)/ sorcerers sorceress n
draíodóir asarlaí draoi
(mythology, folklore, fantasy) A magician or wizard, sometimes specifically male.

sorcery /ˈsɔɹ.sə.ɹi/ /ˈsɔː.sə.ɹi/ sorceries n
asarlaíocht draíocht
Magical power; the use of witchcraft or magic arts.

sordid /ˈsɔɹdɪd/ /ˈsɔː.dɪd/ sordider sordidest adj
salach
Dirty or squalid.
suarach
Morally degrading.

sore /so(ː)ɹ/ /soə/ /sɔɹ/ /sɔː/ sorer sorest adj
tinn
Causing pain or discomfort; painfully sensitive.

soreness sorenesses n
nimhneachas tinneas
The property, state, or condition of being sore; painfulness.

sorority /səˈrɒrɪti/ /səˈrɔrəti/ sororities n
seathras
A group of girls or women associated for a common purpose; a sisterhood.
(US, Philippines) A social organization of female students at a college or university; usually identified by Greek letters.

sorrel /ˈsɒɹəl/ /ˈsɔɹəl/ sorrels n
samhadh
Any of various plants with acidic leaves of the genus Rumex, especially

sorrow /ˈsɑɹ.oʊ/ /ˈsɒɹ.əʊ/ /ˈsɔɹ.oʊ/ sorrows n
brón cumha ong tuirse
(uncountable) unhappiness, woe

sorrowful /ˈsɑɹoʊfəl/ /ˈsɑɹəfəl/ /ˈsɒɹəfəl/ /ˈsɒɹəʊfəl/ /ˈsɔɹoʊfəl/ /ˈsɔɹɐʉfɘl/ /ˈsɔɹɘfɘl/ /ˈsɔɹəfəl/ more sorrowful most sorrowful adj
aiféalach
exhibiting sorrow; dejected; distraught; sad. (of a person)
léanmhar
Producing sorrow; causing grief.

sorry /ˈsɑɹ.i/ /ˈsɒ.ɹi/ /ˈsɔɹ.i/ sorrier sorriest adj
brónach

sorry /ˈsɑɹ.i/ /ˈsɒ.ɹi/ /ˈsɔɹ.i/ interjection
tá brón orm
Expresses regret, remorse, or sorrow.
gabh mo leithscéal
Used as a request for someone to repeat something not heard or understood clearly.

sort /soɹt/ /soːt/ /sɔɹt/ /sɔːt/ sorts n
sórt
A general type.
(mathematics) A type.

sort /soɹt/ /soːt/ /sɔɹt/ /sɔːt/ v
togh
(transitive) To separate items into different categories according to certain criteria that determine their sorts.

sort of /ˈsɔɹt əv/ /ˈsɔːt əv/ [ˈsɔɹɾəv] [ˈsɔːt əv] [ˈsɔːʔ əv] [ˈsətəv] adv
cineál
(idiomatic, colloquial) Approximately; in a way; partially; not quite; somewhat.

soul /soʊl/ /sɐʉl/ /səʊl/ [so̞ːɫ] [sɒʊɫ] souls n
anam
(religion, folklore) The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality, often believed to live on after the person's death.
Life, energy, vigor.
A person, especially as one among many.

soulmate soulmates n
anamchara
Someone, especially a romantic partner, with whom one is exceptionally or uniquely compatible or has a special, almost spiritual connection.

sound /saʊnd/ sounder soundest adj
sámh
(of sleep) Quiet and deep.

sound /saʊnd/ sounds n
fuaim
A sensation perceived by the ear caused by the vibration of air or some other medium.
A vibration capable of causing such sensations.
bealach béal caolas sunda
(geography, landforms) A long narrow inlet, or a strait between the mainland and an island; also, a strait connecting two seas, or connecting a sea or lake with the ocean.

sound /saʊnd/ v
fuaimnigh
(intransitive) To be conveyed in sound; to be spread or published; to convey intelligence by sound.

sound engineer sound engineers n
innealtóir fuaime
One who practices sound engineering.

sound wave sound waves n
fuaimthonn
(physics) The longitudinal wave of pressure that is transmitted through any plastic material; audible sound.

sounding board sounding boards n
fuaimchlár
A thin board that forms part of the resonating chamber of a musical instrument and serves to reinforce its sound.
bonn braite
A person, or group, whose reactions to a new idea or proposal serve to assess its acceptability.

soundness soundnesses n
folláine
(uncountable) The state or quality of being sound.

soundproof more soundproof most soundproof adj
fuaimdhíonach
Not allowing sound through.

soup /sup/ /suːp/ soups n
anraith
(countable) A serving of such a dish, typically in a bowl.
(uncountable) The liquid part of such a dish; the broth.

soup kitchen soup kitchens n
cistin phoiblí
A place set up to provide soup and other basic food as a charity or in time of disaster.

soupspoon soupspoons n
spúnóg anraith
A spoon for eating soup, typically smaller than a tablespoon and larger than a dessert spoon, characterised by having a round bowl rather than the usual oval bowl of other types of spoon.

sour /ˈsaʊə/ /ˈsaʊɚ/ sourer sourest adj
géar
Tasting or smelling rancid.

sour /ˈsaʊə/ /ˈsaʊɚ/ v
géaraigh
(transitive) To make sour.
(intransitive) To become sour.

sour cherry sour cherries n
crann silíní searbha
Species of Prunus subg. Cerasus, (cherries), native to much of Europe and southwest Asia, especially, Prunus cerasus, Prunus pseudocerasus, and Prunus cerasoides.
silín searbh
The fruit of these trees, often used for cooking.

sour cream sour creams n
uachtar géar
Cream which has been treated with a benign bacterium to turn it slightly sour, often used as a condiment, or a topping for baked potatoes.

sour grapes n
silíní searbha
(idiomatic) A putting down or expression of disdain about something that one desires but cannot have.

source /so(ː)ɹs/ /soəs/ /suːɹs/ /sɔɹs/ /sɔːs/ /sʊɹs/ sources n
foinse
The person, place, or thing from which something (information, goods, etc.) comes or is acquired.

source language source languages n
teanga fhoinseach
(computing) The language of the source code to be compiled.

sourdough /ˈsaʊəˌdəʊ/ /ˈsaʊɚˌdoʊ/ sourdoughs n
taos géar
(obsolete) Leaven; an agent that makes dough rise.

sousaphone sousaphones n
súsafón
A valved brass instrument with the same length as a tuba, but shaped differently so that the bell is above the head, that the valves are situated directly in front of the musical instruments and a few inches above the waist, and that most of the weight rests on one shoulder.

soutane soutanes n
casóg sagairt
A long gown with sleeves and buttons at the front, particularly when worn by Roman Catholic clerics.

south /saʊθ/ /suːθ/ /sæoθ/ /sʌʊθ/ souths n
deisceart
The direction towards the pole to the right-hand side of someone facing east, specifically 180°, or (on another celestial object) the direction towards the pole lying on the southern side of the invariable plane.
The southern region or area; the inhabitants thereof. [circa 1300]
(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction to the right-hand side of a person facing the altar.
(physics) The negative or south pole of a magnet

south wind /ˌsaʊθ ˈwɪnd/ south winds n
gaoth aneas
A wind blowing from the south. [from 10th c.]

southern /ˈsaʊðɚn/ /ˈsʌðən/ /ˈsʌðɚn/ more southern most southern adj
deisceartach
Of or pertaining to a southern region, especially Southern Europe or the southern United States.

southern elephant seal southern elephant seals n
rón eilifintiúil deisceartach smutrón deisceartach
A large seal, found mainly around Antarctica of species Mirounga leonina, famous for being the largest ever carnivoran mammal.

southern lights n
Gealáin Theas
The aurora of the southern hemisphere. [from 18th c.]

southerner southerners n
deisceartach
A native or inhabitant of the south of a region (or of the world as a whole), such as the United Kingdom.

southwester southwesters n
hata bádóra hata cúil
(more often sou'wester) A waterproof hat, often of oilskin and with a long brim at the back covering the neck, designed to repel wind and rain.

souvenir /ˈsu.vəˌnɪɹ/ /ˌsoʊ.vəˈnɪ.ə/ /ˌsu.vəˈnɪɹ/ /ˌsuːvəˈnɪə/ souvenirs n
cuimhneachán
An item of sentimental value, that is given or kept to remember an event or location.

sovereign /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹɪn/ /ˈsɒv.ɹɪn/ more sovereign most sovereign adj
ardcheannasach ceannasach
Exercising power of rule.

sovereign /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹɪn/ /ˈsɒv.ɹɪn/ sovereigns n
rí banríon
A monarch; the ruler of a country.
sabhran
A gold coin of the United Kingdom, with a nominal value of one pound sterling but in practice used as a bullion coin.

sovereignty /-ɹɪn-/ /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹənti/ /ˈsɒvɹənti/ [-ɾi] sovereignties n
ardcheannas ceannas flaithiúnas
(by extension) Of a nation or other polity: the state of being able to control resources, make laws independently, and otherwise govern itself without the coercion or concurrence of other polities.
ardcheannas flaitheas flaithiúnas
Of a ruler (especially a monarch): supreme authority or dominion over something.
ceannas
(by extension) Of a person: the liberty to decide one's actions and thoughts.

soviet /ˈsoʊ.vi.ət/ /ˈsɒ.vi.ət/ /ˈsəʊ.vi.ət/ soviets n
sóivéid
(historical) A workers' council, an institution first formed during the 1905 Russian Revolution and then instituted as the main form of communist government at all levels in the Soviet Union; by extension, a similar organization in early Chinese communism and elsewhere.

sow /saʊ/ sows swine n
cráin
A female pig.
A female guinea pig.

sow /soʊ/ /səʊ/ v
síol a chur síolaigh
(ambitransitive) To scatter, disperse, or plant (seeds).

sow thistle /saʊ θɪsl̩/ sow thistles n
bainne muice bleachtfheochadán bleachtán slóchtán
Any of the thistles in one of the genera Cicerbita and Sonchus.

sowens n
cáfraith
(Scotland) A food item made from the husk of the oat by a process similar to that by which common starch is made; flummery.

sower /ˈsəʊɚ/ sowers n
gineadóir
One who or that which sows.

soy milk soy milks n
bainne soighe
(uncountable) A milky liquid made from soy beans and used as a beverage, cooking ingredient or substitute for dairy milk.

soy sauce soy sauces n
anlann soighe
A condiment sauce and ingredient, common in Asian cuisine, made from fermented soybeans, salt, and sometimes wheat.

soybean soybeans n
pónaire shoighe
The edible seed of this plant.

space /speɪs/ spaces n
spás
The near-vacuum in which planets, stars and other celestial objects are situated; the universe beyond the earth's atmosphere. [from 17thc.]
The physical and psychological area one needs within which to live or operate; personal freedom. [from 20thc.]
(heading) A bounded or specific extent, physical or otherwise.
A gap in text between words, lines etc., or a digital character used to create such a gap. [from 16thc.]
(metal type) A piece of metal type used to separate words, cast lower than other type so as not to take ink, especially one that is narrower than one en (compare quad). [from 17thc.]
A gap; an empty place. [from 17thc.]
spás slí
Physical extent across two or three dimensions (sometimes for or to do something). [from 14thc.]
spás tréimhse
(geometry) A set of points, each of which is uniquely specified by a number (the dimensionality) of coordinates.

space /speɪs/ v
spásáil
(transitive) To set some distance apart.

space bar space bars n
barra spásála spásbharra
(computing) A key, in the shape of a bar, near the bottom of a keyboard, that generates a space character when pressed.

space out v
agaigh
(transitive) To position (objects, people etc.) at regular intervals with a calculated space between them.

space station space stations n
stáisiún spáis
A crewed artificial satellite designed for long-term habitation, research, etc.

spaceship spaceships n
spásárthach
(astronautics) A vehicle that flies through space.

spacetime spacetimes n
spás-am
(uncountable, physics) The four-dimensional continuum of the three spatial dimensions plus time.
(physics) An n-dimensional continuum consisting of dimensions of both space and time. Normally spacetime is considered as having 4 dimensions (x, y, z, t), but higher-dimensional spacetimes are often encountered in theoretical physics, e.g. the 5-dimensional spacetime of Kaluza-Klein theory or the 11 dimensions of spacetime in M-theory.

spacious /ˈspeɪʃəs/ more spacious most spacious adj
spásmhar áirgiúil
Having plenty of space; roomy.
fairsing scóipiúil
Large in expanse.

spade /sped/ /speɪd/ spades n
spád
A garden tool with a handle and a flat blade for digging. Not to be confused with a shovel which is used for moving earth or other materials.
spéireata
(card games) A playing card marked with the symbol ♠.

spadework n
bunobair
(figuratively) Work done in preparation for something else.

spaghetti /spəˈɡɛti/ [-ɾi] spaghettis n
spaigití
(countable, uncountable) A type of pasta made in the shape of long thin strings.

spam /ˈspæm/ [ˈspeəm] spams n
turscar
(uncountable, rarely, countable, computing, Internet) Unsolicited bulk electronic messages.

span /spæn/ /spæːn/ spans n
réise
The full width of an open hand from the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger used as an informal unit of length.
seal
(by extension) A small space or a brief portion of time.

spancel /ˈspænsl̩/ spancels n
buarach
a rope or fetter used to hobble a horse or other animal

spangled kookaburra spangled kookaburras n
cúcabarra Arúach
A kookaburra of the Aru Islands, with blue wings and tail, a white chest and belly, dark eyes, and a striking white-spotted black head, Dacelo tyro.

spaniel /ˈspænjəl/ /ˈspænəl/ spaniels n
spáinnéar
Any of various small to medium-sized breeds of gun dog having a broad muzzle, long, wavy fur and long ears that hang at the side of the head, bred for flushing and retrieving game.

spank /spæŋk/ v
gread na mása ag
(transitive) To beat, smack or slap a person's buttocks or other vulnerable body part like the cheeks, with the bare hand or other object, as punishment, or for sexual gratification.

spanking /ˈspæŋkɪŋ/ spankings n
greadadh ar na mása ghreadadh
(uncountable) A form of physical punishment in which a beating is applied to the buttocks.

spar /spɑɹ/ /spɑː/ [spɑɹ] [spɑ˞] spars n
sparra
(mineralogy) Any crystal with readily discernible faces.
(nautical) Any linear object used as a mast, sprit, yard, boom, pole or gaff.
croscheann sciatháin
(aeronautics) A beam-like structural member that supports ribs in an aircraft wing or other airfoil.

spar /spɑɹ/ /spɑː/ [spɑɹ] [spɑ˞] v
speáráil
To fight, especially as practice for martial arts or hand-to-hand combat.

spare tyre spare tyres n
bonn breise roth breise
An extra tyre carried in case one of the vehicle's tyres is damaged or deflated.
blonag maróg
(idiomatic) A large paunch and rolls of fat around the waist.

sparingness n
coigilteas cruinneas spárálacht
The property of being sparing.

spark /spɑɹk/ /spɑːk/ sparks n
drithle splanc spréach
A small particle of glowing matter, either molten or on fire, resulting from an electrical surge or excessive heat created by friction.
spréach
A short or small burst of electrical discharge.
splanc
(figuratively) A small amount of something, such as an idea or romantic affection, that has the potential to become something greater, just as a spark can start a fire.

spark /spɑɹk/ /spɑːk/ v
spréach
(intransitive) To give off a spark or sparks.

spark plug spark plugs n
spréachphlocóid
The part of an internal combustion engine which forms a high-voltage electric spark which ignites the fuel-air mixture to begin the power stroke.

sparkle /ˈspɑɹkəl/ /ˈspɑːkəl/ sparkles n
drithle splanc
A little spark; a scintillation.
glioscarnach splanc
Brilliance; luster.

sparkling /ˈspɑɹklɪŋ/ /ˈspɑɹkl̩ɪŋ/ /ˈspɑːklɪŋ/ /ˈspɑːkl̩ɪŋ/ adj
lonrach
Of an object, reflecting light as if giving off tiny sparks or flashes of light.

sparrow /ˈspæɹoʊ/ /ˈspæɹəʊ/ /ˈspɛɹoʊ/ sparrows n
gealbhan
A member of the family Passeridae, comprising small Old World songbirds.

spasm /ˈspæz.əm/ spasms n
taom
A sudden and temporary burst of energy, activity, or emotion.

spat /spæt/ spats n
síol oisre

spate /speɪt/ spates n
roiseadh
(countable) A (sudden) flood or inundation of water; specifically, a flood in or overflow of a river or other watercourse due to heavy rain or melting snow; (uncountable, archaic) flooding, inundation.
(countable, figurative) A sudden increase or rush of something; a flood, an outburst, an outpouring.

spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/ /ˈspæɪ.ʃəl/ adj
spásúil spás- spásúlachta
Pertaining to (the dimension of) space.
(uncommon) Pertaining to (outer) space.

spatially adv
go spásúil ó thaobh spáis
With reference to space or arrangement in space.

spatula /ˈspætjʊlə/ /ˈspæt͡ʃələ/ /ˈspæt͡ʃʊlə/ spatulae spatulas spatulæ n
spadal
(cookware) A kitchen utensil consisting of a flat surface attached to a long handle, used for turning, lifting, or stirring food.

speak /spik/ /spiːk/ v
labhair
(intransitive) To communicate with one's voice, to say words out loud.

speak of the devil phraseologicalUnit
tagann gach aon rud lena iomrá ach madadh rua agus marbhán
(idiomatic, humorous) An expression sometimes used when a person mentioned in the current conversation happens to arrive on the scene.

spear /spɪə̯(ɹ)/ /spɪɹ/ spears n
ga sleá
A long stick with a sharp tip used as a weapon for throwing or thrusting, or anything used to make a thrusting motion.

spear thistle spear thistles n
feochadán colgach
A biennial herb, Cirsium vulgare.

spearmint /ˈspɪəˌmɪnt/ /ˈspɪɹˌmɪnt/ spearmints n
cartlainn gharraí
A herb of the mint family (Mentha spicata), commonly used in herb tea, candy and to treat mild stomach ache.

special /ˈspɛʃ(ə)l/ /ˈspɛʃl̩/ more special most special specialer specialest adj
speisialta ar leith
Distinguished by a unique or unusual quality.

specialist /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/ specialists n
speisialtóir
Someone who is an expert in, or devoted to, some specific branch of study or research.

species /-iːz/ /-ɪz/ /ˈspiːsiːz/ /ˈspiːʃiːz/ species specieses n
aicíd
(Christianity) Either of the two elements of the Eucharist after they have been consecrated.

specific /spəˈsɪf.ɪk/ /spɛk.ˈsi.fɪk/ /spɪˈsɪf.ɪk/ more specific most specific adj
sonrach

specific activity specific activities n
sainghníomhaíocht

specify /ˈspɛs.əˌfaɪ/ /ˈspɛs.ɪ.faɪ/ v
sonraigh
(transitive) To state explicitly, or in detail, or as a condition.
(transitive) To include in a specification.

speck /spɛk/ specks n
cáithnín
A tiny spot or particle, especially of dirt.
A very small amount; a particle; a whit.

speckled /ˈspɛkəld/ more speckled most speckled adj
ballach
Marked with dots or spots, spotted.

spectacled bear spectacled bears n
béar spéaclach
Tremarctos ornatus, a species of small, short-faced bear native to South America.

spectacles /ˈspɛktəkl̩z/ n
spéaclaí gloiní
(plural only, formal) A pair of lenses set in a frame worn on the nose and ears in order to correct deficiencies in eyesight or to ornament the face.

specter /ˈspɛktə/ /ˈspɛktɚ/ specters n
arracht
A ghostly apparition, a phantom. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

spectral /ˈspɛktɹəɫ/ more spectral most spectral adj
taibhsiúil
Of, or pertaining to, spectres; ghostly.
Of, or pertaining to, spectra; classified according to frequency or wavelength (of light etc)

spectral class spectral classes n
aicme speictreach
(star) A classification of stars depending on their spectra and luminosity; usually one of O, B, A, F, G, K, M.

spectro- prefix
speictri-
optical spectra.

spectrograph /ˈspɛktɹəˌɡɹæf/ spectrographs n
speictreagraf
A machine for recording spectra, producing spectrograms.

spectroheliogram spectroheliograms n
speictrihéileagram
(astronomy) a photograph taken using a spectroheliograph

spectroheliograph spectroheliographs n
speictrihéileagraf
(astronomy) an instrument that produced monochromatic photographs of the sun using light at a selected wavelength

spectrophotometer spectrophotometers n
speictreafótaiméadar
(physics) An instrument used to measure the intensity of electromagnetic radiation at different wavelengths.

spectrophotometry n
speictreafótaiméadracht
(physics, analytical chemistry) the quantitative analysis of electromagnetic spectra by use of a spectrophotometer; especially in order to determine the structure or quantity of a substance

spectroscope spectroscopes n
speictreascóp
An optical instrument used for spectrographic analysis [from later 19th c.].

spectroscopic adj
speictreascópach
(analytical chemistry) Of or relating to spectroscopy or to a spectroscope.

spectrum /ˈspɛktɹəm/ spectra spectrums n
speictream
A range; a continuous, infinite, one-dimensional set, possibly bounded by extremes.
Specifically, a range of colours representing light (electromagnetic radiation) of contiguous frequencies; hence electromagnetic spectrum, visible spectrum, ultraviolet spectrum, etc. [from later 17th c.]
(mathematics, linear algebra) The set of eigenvalues of a matrix.
(mathematics, functional analysis) Of a bounded linear operator A, the set of scalar values λ such that the operator A—λI, where I denotes the identity operator, does not have a bounded inverse; intended as a generalisation of the linear algebra sense.
(commutative algebra, algebraic geometry) An abstract object in mathematics created from a commutative ring R and denoted \operatorname{Spec}(R) or \operatorname{Spec} R and said to be the spectrum of R; useful in the study of such rings for providing a geometric object which encodes many of the properties R, and in modern geometry for generalizing the notion of an algebraic variety to that of an affine scheme. Formally, the set of all prime ideals R equipped with the Zariski topology and augmented with a sheaf of rings called the structure sheaf, generated by the B-sheaf on the distinguished open sets D_f which assigns the localization of R at f to each set D_f, regarded as a ring of functions on D_f. See w:Spectrum of a ring on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ speculations n
amhantraíocht
(business, finance) An investment involving higher-than-normal risk in order to obtain a higher-than-normal return.

speculator speculators n
amhantraí
(business, finance) One who speculates; as in investing, one who is willing to take volatile risks upon invested principal for the potential of substantial returns.

speech /ˈspiːt͡ʃ/ speeches n
caint labhairt urlabhra
(uncountable) The ability to speak; the faculty of uttering words or articulate sounds and vocalizations to communicate.
óráid
(countable) A formal session of speaking, especially a long oral message given publicly by one person.

speech bubble speech bubbles n
bolgán cainte
(comics) A rounded outline, containing words, representing speech in a comic.

speechmaker speechmakers n
óráidí
One who makes a speech.

speed bump speed bumps n
uchtóg mhoillithe
A traffic calming measure, consisting of a transverse ridge in the road, to limit the speed of vehicles.

speed limit speed limits n
luasteorainn teorainn luais
The maximum speed permitted by law for vehicles.

speedboat /ˈspidˌboʊt/ speedboats n
luasbhád
A fast boat, usually small (for 1-8 people).
A boat designed and built for racing.
A boat used for waterskiing.

speedometer /spiˈdɑ.mɪ.tɚ/ /spiːˈdɒm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /spiːˈdɔm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /spɪˈdɑ.mɪ.tɚ/ /spɪˈdɒm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /spɪˈdɔm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ speedometers n
luasmhéadar
An instrument located within the dashboard of a vehicle that measures and indicates the current speed of the vehicle.

speedwell /ˈspiːdˌwɛl/ speedwells n
seamair chré
A plant of the genus Veronica

speedy /ˈspiː.di/ speedier speediest adj
imeachtach
Proceeding with or characterized by high speed; rapid.

spell /spɛl/ spells n
briocht draíochta draíocht geis ortha piseog
A magical effect or influence induced by an incantation or formula. [from 16th c.]
scaitheamh seal tamall
(colloquial) An indefinite period of time (usually with a qualifier); by extension, a relatively short distance. [from 18th c.]
rith tinnis
(colloquial, US) A period of illness, or sudden interval of bad spirits, disease etc. [from 19th c.]

spell /spɛl/ v
litrigh
(intransitive, transitive, sometimes with “out”) To write or say the letters that form a word or part of a word. [from 16th c.]
(transitive) Of letters: to compose (a word). [from 19th c.]

spell checker spell checkers n
litreoir seiceálaí litrithe
(computing) A software application that attempts to verify spelling in a document.

spelling /ˈspɛlɪŋ/ spellings n
litriú
(uncountable) The act, practice, ability, or subject of forming words with letters, or of reading the letters of words; orthography.
(uncountable) The manner of spelling of words; correct spelling.
(countable) A specific spelling of a word.

spelt /ˈspɛlt/ spelts n
speilt
A grain, considered either a subspecies of wheat, Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta, or a separate species Triticum spelta or Triticum dicoccon.

spelunking spelunkings n
uaimheadóireacht
The practice or hobby of exploring underground caverns.

spend /spɛnd/ v
caith
(ambitransitive) To pay out (money).
To exhaust, to wear out.
To consume, to use up (time).

sperm /spɜɹm/ /spɜːm/ sperm sperms n
speirm
(uncountable, slang) Semen; the generative substance of male animals.

sperm bank sperm banks n
banc speirme
(medicine) A place where sperm from donors is stored for future use in artificial insemination.

sperm whale sperm whales n
caisealóid
A whale (Physeter catodon, syn. Physeter macrocephalus), the largest of the toothed whales.

spermato- prefix
speirmiti-
seed
sperm

spermatogenesis spermatogeneses n
speirmitigineas
The process of sperm production in the testes.

spermatozoon /ˌspɜːmətə(ʊ)ˈzəʊɒn/ spermatozoa n
speirmiteasón
(cytology) A reproductive cell or gamete of a male, carried in semen, that fertilizes an ovum to produce a zygote.

spermicide /ˈspɜː(ɹ)mɪsaɪd/ spermicides n
speirmicíd
A substance used for killing sperm.

sphagnum /ˈsfæɡnəm/ sphagnums n
sfagnam
Any of various widely distributed mosses, of genus Sphagnum, which slowly decompose to form peat.

sphere /sfɪə(ɹ)/ /sfɪɚ/ spheres n
sféar
An object which appears to be bounded by a sphere; a round object, a ball. [from 14th c.]
(logic, dated) The domain of reference of a proposition, subject, or predicate, or the totality of the particular subjects to which it applies.
réimse
(figuratively) The region in which something or someone is active; one's province, domain. [from 17th c.]

spherical /sfiːɹɪkəl/ /sfɛɹɪkəl/ more spherical most spherical adj
sféarúil
(geometry) Shaped like a sphere.

sphericity sphericities n
sféarúlacht
(chiefly, uncountable) The quality of being spherical, being a sphere.

spice /spaɪs/ spices n
spíosra
(countable, uncountable) Aromatic or pungent plant matter (usually dried) used to season or flavour food.

spick-and-span more spick-and-span most spick-and-span adj
pioctha bearrtha pioctha péacach
(idiomatic) Clean, spotless.

spicy /ˈspaɪsi/ spicier spiciest adj
te
(informal, of flavors) Provoking a burning sensation due to the presence of capsaicin.
láidir
(of foods, flavors, or odors) Tangy, zesty, or pungent.

spider /ˈspaɪ̯də/ /ˈspaɪ̯dɚ/ [ˈspʌɪ̯ɾə(ɹ)] spiders n
damhán alla fíodóir ruán alla
Any of various eight-legged, predatory arthropods, of the order Araneae, most of which spin webs to catch prey.

spider crab spider crabs n
crúbach portán crúbach portán faoilinne portán iarainn
especially, the true spider crabs (family Majidae).

spider monkey spider monkeys n
moncaí géagach
A muriqui, New World monkey of the genus Brachyteles, closely related to Ateles.

spiderweb /ˈspaɪ̯dəwɛb/ /ˈspaɪ̯dɚwɛb/ spiderwebs n
líon damhán alla líontán damhán alla
The net-like construct of a spider containing sticky strands to catch prey.

spike /spaɪk/ spikes n
dias
An ear of corn or grain.
(botany) A kind of inflorescence in which sessile flowers are arranged on an unbranched elongated axis.

spin /spɪn/ v
sníomh
(ergative) To rotate, revolve, gyrate (usually quickly); to partially or completely rotate to face another direction.
(transitive) To make yarn by twisting and winding fibers together.

spinach /ˈspɪnɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈspɪnɪt͡ʃ/ spinaches n
spionáiste
A particular edible plant, Spinacia oleracea, or its leaves.

spinal cord spinal cords n
corda an dromlaigh
(anatomy) A thick, whitish cord of nerve tissue which is a major part of the vertebrate central nervous system. It extends from the brain stem down through the spine, with nerves branching off to various parts of the body.

spindle /ˈspɪndəl/ spindles n
eiteán fearsaid
(spinning) A rod used for spinning and then winding fibres (especially wool), usually consisting of a shaft and a circular whorl positioned at either the upper or lower end of the shaft when suspended vertically from the forming thread.
fearsaid
A rod which turns, or on which something turns.
fearsaid mol
A rotary axis of a machine tool or power tool.
crann feorais feoras
Certain of the species of the genus Euonymus, originally used for making the spindles used for spinning wool.

spine /spaɪn/ spines n
cnámh droma dromlach
Something resembling a backbone, such as a ridge, or a long, central structure from which other structures radiate.
dealg spíon
(zootomy, botany) A pointed, fairly rigid protuberance or needlelike structure on an animal, shell, or plant.

spine board spine boards n
clár droma droimchlár
(emergency medicine) A rigid carrying surface for an injured person, designed to prevent the movement of the spine during transportation in order to prevent further damage to it.

spinner /ˈspɪnɚ/ spinners n
abhraiseach
Agent noun of spin; someone or something who spins.

spinning /ˈspɪnɪŋ/ spinnings n
sníomh
The process of converting fibres into yarn or thread.

spinning top spinning tops n
caiseal
A toy with a tapering point that can be made to spin on its axis, either with a built-in pump-action handle, with the fingers or with a string.

spinning wheel spinning wheels n
tuirne
A domestic device for making yarn or thread; having a single spindle and a wheel driven by hand or foot.

spinster /ˈspɪnstə/ /ˈspɪnstɚ/ spinsters n
bean shingil puisbhean
(sometimes, derogatory) A woman who has never been married, especially one past the typical marrying age according to social traditions.

spiny dogfish spiny dogfish n
fíogach gobach
Squalus acanthias, one of the best known of the dogfish which are members of the family Squalidae in the order Squaliformes

spiral staircase spiral staircases n
staighre bíse
A staircase in the form of a helix.

spire /spaɪə/ /ˈspaɪ.ə/ /ˈspaɪ.ɚ/ spires n
spuaic stuaic
(architectural element) A tapering structure built on a roof or tower, especially as one of the central architectural features of a church or cathedral roof. [from 16th c.]

spirit /ˈspiɹɪt/ /ˈspɪɹɪt/ spirits n
sprid
A supernatural being, often but not exclusively without physical form; ghost, fairy, angel.
Enthusiasm.
alcól
(usually, in the plural) A volatile liquid, such as alcohol. The plural form spirits is a generic term for distilled alcoholic beverages.

spirit lamp spirit lamps n
lampa alcóil
A lamp that burns a volatile liquid fuel such as alcohol, ethanol or denatured alcohol.

spirit level spirit levels n
leibhéal biotáille
(tool) A tool employing a chamber with a colored liquid (usually alcohol, hence spirit) and an air bubble, used to determine a horizontal or vertical reference line.

spirited /ˈspɪɹɪtɪd/ more spirited most spirited adj
cróga crógach cróganta fuinniúil mear uaibhreach
Lively, vigorous, animated or courageous.

spiritless more spiritless most spiritless adj
anábhailleach
Lacking energy, drive, motivation or emotion. Enervated.

spirits /ˈspɪɹɪts/ n
biotáille
(chiefly, UK) Distilled alcoholic beverages.

spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪtjʊəl/ /ˈspɪɹɪtʃʊəl/ /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/ /ˈspɪɹɪ̈t͡ʃul̩/ more spiritual most spiritual adj
spioradálta
Of or pertaining to the spirit or the soul.

spirometry spirometries n
spiriméadracht
(medicine) The measurement of the volume of air that a person can move into and out of the lungs, using a spirometer.

spit /spɪt/ spits n
bior bior rósta
A thin metal or wooden rod on which meat is skewered for cooking, often over a fire.
seile sileog
(uncountable) Saliva, especially when expectorated.

spit /spɪt/ v
caith seile
(ambitransitive) To evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc.

spite /spaɪt/ spites n
aicis
Ill will or hatred toward another, accompanied with the desire to unjustifiably irritate, annoy, or thwart; a want to disturb or put out another; mild malice

spiteful more spiteful most spiteful spitefuller spitefullest adj
aiciseach dúchroíoch
Filled with, or showing, spite; having a desire to annoy or harm.

spitting image /ˈspɪtɪŋ ˈɪmɪdʒ/ spitting images n
ar athphrátaí
(colloquial) The exact likeness (of someone).

spittle /ˈspɪ.t(ə)l/ spittles n
seile
Spit, usually frothy and of a milky coloration.

spittoon /spɪˈtuːn/ spittoons n
seileadán
A receptacle for spit (saliva); especially, one used by people using chewing tobacco or snuff.

spitz /spɪts/ spitzes n
spitse
Any of several Nordic breeds of dog such as the Pomeranian or Samoyed.

splatter /ˈsplætɚ/ splatters n
scuaid
An uneven shape or mess created by something dispersing on impact.

splay /spleɪ/ splays n
spré fuinneoige
A bevel, slant, or slope, especially of the frame or jamb of a door or window, by which an opening is made larger at one face of the wall than at the other, or larger at each of the faces than it is between them.

spleen /spliːn/ spleens n
liathán
(anatomy, immunology) In vertebrates, including humans, a ductless vascular gland, located in the left upper abdomen near the stomach, which destroys old red blood cells, removes debris from the bloodstream, acts as a reservoir of blood, and produces lymphocytes.
(archaic, except in the set phrase "to vent one's spleen") A bad mood; spitefulness.
(obsolete, rare) A sudden motion or action; a fit; a freak; a whim.
(obsolete) Melancholy; hypochondriacal affections.
A fit of immoderate laughter or merriment.

splendid /ˈsplɛndɪd/ more splendid most splendid splendider splendidest adj
calma
án
Possessing or displaying splendor; shining; very bright.

splendor /ˈsplɛndə/ /ˈsplɛndɚ/ splendors n
breáichte áilleacht
Magnificent appearance, display or grandeur.

splint /splɪnt/ splints n
meathán spliota
A narrow strip of wood split or peeled from a larger piece.

splinter /ˈsplɪn.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈsplɪn.tɚ/ /ˈsplɪnɚ/ [ˈsplɪɾ̃ɚ] splinters n
scealp scealpóg
A long, sharp fragment of material, often wood.

split /splɪt/ splits n
scoilt scáineadh
A crack or longitudinal fissure.

split /splɪt/ v
deighil scoilt scáin
(transitive, ergative, of something solid) To divide fully or partly along a more or less straight line.
(intransitive, of something solid, particularly wood) To break along the grain fully or partly along a more or less straight line.

spoil /spɔɪl/ spoils n
aicseam slad
(Also in plural: spoils) Plunder taken from an enemy or victim.

spoil /spɔɪl/ v
loit mill
(transitive) To ruin; to damage (something) in some way making it unfit for use. [from 16th c.]
(transitive) To ruin the character of, by overindulgence; to coddle or pamper to excess. [from 17th c.]

spoilsport /ˈspɔɪl.spɔɹt/ /ˈspɔɪl.spɔːt/ more spoilsport most spoilsport adj
cnádánaí seargánach
Like a spoilsport.

spokesperson /ˈspəʊkspɜːɹsən/ spokespeople spokespersons n
urlabhraí
A person who acts as the voice of another person or a group of people.

spondaic adj
spoindéach
(poetry) Having or relating to spondees.

spondee /ˈspɒndi/ spondees n
spoindé
(poetry) A word or metrical foot of two syllables, either both long or both stressed.

sponge cake sponge cakes n
císte spúinse
A light, soft, baked dessert (commonly layered with cream and jam) that is typically made with flour, sugar, baking powder and eggs, and has a firm, yet well aerated structure, similar to that of a sea sponge.

sponger /ˈspʌnd͡ʒɚ/ spongers n
failpéir
One who uses a sponge.

sponsor /ˈspɑn.sɚ/ /ˈspɒn.sə/ sponsoress sponsors n
urraitheoir
A person or organisation with some sort of responsibility for another person or organisation, especially where the responsibility has a religious, legal, or financial aspect.

sponsor /ˈspɑn.sɚ/ /ˈspɒn.sə/ v
urraigh
(transitive) To be a sponsor for.

sponsorship sponsorships n
urraíocht urrú
(uncountable) The state or practice of being a sponsor.
urraíocht
(countable, uncountable) The aid or support provided by a sponsor; backing or patronage.

spool /spuːl/ /spʉl/ spools n
roithleán
A reel; a device around which thread, wire or cable is wound, especially a cylinder or spindle.

spoon /spun/ /spuːn/ spoons n
spúnóg spiún
An implement for eating or serving; a scooped utensil whose long handle is straight, in contrast to a ladle.

spoonful /ˈspuːnfəl/ /ˈspuːnfʊl/ /ˈspʌnfʊl/ spoonfuls spoonsful n
lán spúnóige
The amount that a spoon will hold, either level or heaped.

sporangium /spəˈɹænd͡ʒɪəm/ sporangia n
spóragán
(botany, mycology) A case, capsule, or container in which spores are produced by an organism. [From 1821.]

spore /spo(ː)ɹ/ /spoə/ /spɔɹ/ /spɔː/ spores n
spór
A thick resistant particle produced by a bacterium or protist to survive in harsh or unfavorable conditions.

sporophyll sporophylls n
spóraifill
(botany) The equivalent to a leaf, in ferns and mosses, that bears the sporangia.

sport /spo(ː)ɹt/ /spoət/ /spɔɹt/ /spɔː/ /spɔːt/ sports n
spórt
(countable) Any activity that uses physical exertion or skills competitively under a set of rules that is not based on aesthetics.

sports jacket sports jackets n
seaicéad spórtaíochta
A tailored jacket that is not part of a suit; especially one of a sturdy fabric originally designed for outdoor sports.

sportscast sportscasts n
craoladh spóirt
The part of a news program reporting on sports and athletics.

spot /spɑt/ /spɒt/ spots n
goirín spota
A pimple, papule or pustule.

spotted /ˈspɑtɪ̈d/ /ˈspɒtɨd/ [ˈspɑɾɪ̈d] more spotted most spotted adj
ballach
Discoloured by spots; stained.
ballach breac
(no comparative or superlative) Characterized by spots (used especially of animals and plants).

spouse /spaʊ̯s/ /spaʊ̯z/ spouses n
céile
A person in a marriage or marital relationship.

spouter spouters n
roiseálaí
Someone who rants or talks nonsense at length.

sprain /spɹeɪn/ v
leon
To weaken, as a joint, ligament, or muscle, by sudden and excessive exertion, as by wrenching; to overstrain, or stretch injuriously, but without luxation

sprat /spɹæt/ sprat sprats n
bioránach maghar salán sprot stuifín
Any of various small, herring-like, marine fish in the genus Sprattus, in the family Clupeidae.

spread /spɹɛd/ v
scaoil
(transitive) To extend (individual rays, limbs etc.); to stretch out in varying or opposing directions. [from 13th c.]
leath spréigh
(transitive) To disperse, to scatter or distribute over a given area. [from 13th c.]

spreadsheet /ˈspɹɛd.ʃit/ /ˈspɹɛd.ʃiːt/ spreadsheets n
scarbhileog
(computing) A computer application for organization, analysis, and storage of data in tabular form.

sprightliness sprightlinesses n
beogacht breabhsántacht bíogúlacht éirimiúlacht
The property of being sprightly.

sprightly /ˈspɹaɪtli/ sprightlier sprightliest adj
beoga breabhsánta éirimiúil
Animated, gay, or vivacious; lively, spirited.
Of a person: full of life and vigour, especially with a light and springy step.
breabhsánta
Especially of an older person: energetic and in good health; spry.

spring /spɹɪŋ/ springs n
earrach
(countable) The season of the year in temperate regions in which plants spring from the ground and into bloom and dormant animals spring to life.
foinse
(astronomy) The period from the moment of vernal equinox (around March 21 in the Northern Hemisphere) to the moment of the summer solstice (around June 21); the equivalent periods reckoned in other cultures and calendars.

spring balance spring balances n
ainsiléad lingchlár lingmheátán spriongmheá stilliúr
A device for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring.

spring onion spring onions n
ciobúl oinniún earraigh
A species of onion (Allium fistulosum) from Asia, with slender bulbs.

spring roll spring rolls n
rollóg earraigh
A type of savoury food consisting of shredded vegetables wrapped in a pancake made from rice flour and then fried.

spring tide spring tides n
rabharta
The tide which occurs when the moon is new or full; the effects of the Sun and moon being reinforced so that this tide is of maximum range.

springboard springboards n
lingchlár
A diving board consisting of a flexible, springy, cantilevered platform, used for diving into water.
(gymnastics) A small platform on springs and usually hinged at one end, used to launch or vault onto other equipment.

springer spaniel springer spaniels n
spáinnéar preabach
A dog of either of two different breeds (the English springer spaniel and the Welsh springer spaniel).

springing cow springing cows n
mothasán
A cow or heifer which is close to calving.

springtail springtails n
preabaire
Any of various wingless hexapods, of the subclass Collembola, with spring-like legs. [from 18th c.]

springwater springwaters n
fíoruisce
Water originating from a spring.
Water that is purportedly, and marketed as, originating from a spring, but is mostly or entirely filtered or tap water.

springy /ˈspɹɪŋi/ springier springiest adj
lingeach
That returns rapidly to its original form (as a spring does) after being bent, compressed, stretched, etc.

sprinkle /ˈspɹɪŋkəl/ v
easraigh
(transitive) To cause (a substance) to fall in fine drops (for a liquid substance) or small pieces (for a solid substance).

sprinkler /ˈspɹiŋklɚ/ sprinklers n
spréire uisce
Anything that sprinkles.
A heat-activated device that sprays water in the event of a fire, usually mounted on a ceiling.
aisréadóir spréire
An irrigation device that sprays water into the air whilst moving back and forth.

sprint /spɹɪnt/ sprints n
aga reatha ruthag ráib rúid
A short race at top speed.

sprite /spɹaɪt/ sprites n
sprid
A spirit; a soul; a shade.

sprout /spɹaʊt/ /spɹʌʊt/ sprouts n
eascróg péacán
A new growth on a plant, whether from seed or other parts.

spruce /spɹuːs/ /spɹʉs/ sprucer sprucest adj
breabhsánta pioctha
(comparable) Smart, trim, and elegant in appearance; fastidious (said of a person).

spruce /spɹuːs/ /spɹʉs/ spruce spruces n
sprús
Any of various large coniferous evergreen trees or shrubs from the genus Picea, found in northern temperate and boreal regions; originally and more fully spruce fir.

spruceness n
breabhsántacht
The property of being spruce, of being neat and elegant.

spur /spɜː/ /spɝ/ spurs n
brod spor
A rigid implement, often roughly y-shaped, that is fixed to one's heel for the purpose of prodding a horse. Often worn by, and emblematic of, the cowboy or the knight.

spurge /spɜːd͡ʒ/ /spɝd͡ʒ/ spurges n
bainne caoin buí na mbáb buí na n-iníon spuirse
Any plant of the genus Euphorbia, a diverse genus of over 2,000 species.

spy /spaɪ/ spies n
spiaire brathadóir
A person who secretly watches and examines the actions of other individuals or organizations and gathers information on them (usually to gain an advantage).

spyglass spyglasses n
fadradharcán
A small portable telescope.

squall /ˈskwɔːl/ squalls n
osóg
(often, nautical) A sudden storm, as found in a squall line.

square /skweə(ɹ)/ /skweː(ɹ)/ /skwɛə(ɹ)/ /skwɛəɹ/ /skwɪə(ɹ)/ squarer squarest adj
cearnógach cearnóg
Shaped like a square (the polygon).

square /skweə(ɹ)/ /skweː(ɹ)/ /skwɛə(ɹ)/ /skwɛəɹ/ /skwɪə(ɹ)/ squares n
cearnóg cearnóg an bhaile
(printing) A certain number of lines, forming a portion of a column, nearly square; used chiefly in reckoning the prices of advertisements in newspapers.
cearnóg an bhaile
An open space or park, often in the center of a town, not necessarily square in shape, often containing trees, seating and other features pleasing to the eye.
uimhir chearnach cearnóg
(mathematics) The product of a number or quantity multiplied by itself; the second power of a number, value, term or expression.
hais
(British) The symbol # on a telephone; hash.

square ball square balls n
imreoir sa chearnóg
(Gaelic football, hurling) A foul where a player on the attacking team enters the opposing team's small square inside the penalty area before the ball does.

square bracket square brackets n
lúibín cearnach
Either of a pair of symbols, [ ], used for various purposes, e.g. to enclose text inserted or replaced by an editor, and to indicate various mathematical operations.

squash /skwɑʃ/ /skwɒʃ/ /skwɔɹʃ/ /skwɔʃ/ squash squashes n
puimcín
(botany, countable) A plant and its fruit of any of a few species of the genus Cucurbita, or gourd kind.

squat /skwɑt/ /skwɒt/ /skwɔt/ v
suigh ar do ghogaide
To sit close to the ground; to stoop, or lie close to the ground, for example to escape observation.

squeak /skwiːk/ squeaks n
gíog
(countable) A short, high-pitched sound, as of two objects rubbing together, or the sounds made by mice and other small animals.

squeak /skwiːk/ v
gíog
(intransitive) To emit a short, high-pitched sound.

squeal /skwil/ /skwiːl/ squeals n
sceamh
A high-pitched sound, such as the scream of a child or a female person, or noisy worn-down brake pads.

squeal /skwil/ /skwiːl/ v
sceamh
(intransitive, slang) To give sensitive information about someone to a third party; to rat on someone.

squeamish /ˈskwiːmɪʃ/ more squeamish most squeamish adj
samhnasach
Easily shocked, sickened or frightened; tending to be nauseated or nervous; oversensitive.

squib /skwɪb/ squibs n
pléascáinín
(military) A small firework that is intended to spew sparks rather than explode.
aoir burdún cáinte
(dated) A short piece of witty writing; a lampoon.

squid /skwɪd/ squid squids n
scuid máthair shúigh
Any of several carnivorous marine cephalopod mollusks, of the order Teuthida, having a mantle, eight arms, and a pair of tentacles
A fishhook with a piece of bright lead, bone, or other substance fastened on its shank to imitate a squid.
(US, military, slang, mildly, pejorative) A sailor in the Navy.
(UK, slang, humorous, rare) A quid; one pound sterling.

squill /skwɪl/ squills n
sciolla
A European bulbous liliaceous plant, of the genus Scilla, used in medicine for its acrid, expectorant, diuretic, and emetic properties

squint /skwɪnt/ squints n
fiarshúil
The look of eyes which are turned in different directions, as in strabismus.

squint /skwɪnt/ v
fiarshúil a bheith ionat
(intransitive) To look with, or have eyes that are turned in different directions; to suffer from strabismus.

squint-eyed more squint-eyed most squint-eyed adj
fiarshúileach

squirrel /ˈskwɝl/ /ˈskwɝl̩/ /ˈskwɝəl/ /ˈskwɪɹl̩/ /ˈskwɪɹəl/ /ˈskwʌɹəl/ squirrels n
iora madra crainn
Any of the rodents of the family Sciuridae distinguished by their large bushy tail.

squirrel monkey squirrel monkeys n
moncaí iorach
(zoology, primatology) Any of several small New World monkeys, of the genus Saimiri, that live in Central and South America.

squirt /skwɜːt/ /skwɝt/ squirts n
scaird
A small, quick stream; a jet.

squirt /skwɜːt/ /skwɝt/ v
scaird
(transitive, of a liquid) To cause to be ejected, in a rapid stream, from a narrow orifice.

stab /stæb/ stabs n
rop sá
An act of stabbing or thrusting with an object.

stab /stæb/ v
rop sáigh
(transitive) To pierce or to wound (somebody) with a (usually pointed) tool or weapon, especially a knife or dagger.

stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/ [stəˈbɪlɪɾi] stabilities n
diongbháil diongbháilteacht
The condition of being stable or in equilibrium, and thus resistant to change.

stabilize /ˈsteɪ.bəl.ˌaɪz/ v
cobhsaigh
(transitive) To make stable.
(intransitive) To become stable.

stabilizer stabilizers n
cobhsaitheoir
An additional wheel on a bicycle to keep it upright to assist a learner.
Any substance added to something in order to stabilize it, as for example a fuel additive that prolongs the shelf life of petrol.

stable /ˈsteɪb(ə)l/ /ˈsteɪbl̩/ more stable most stable stabler stablest adj
diongbháilte
Relatively unchanging, steady, permanent; firmly fixed or established; consistent; not easily moved, altered, or destroyed.

stable /ˈsteɪb(ə)l/ /ˈsteɪbl̩/ stables n
stábla
A building, wing or dependency set apart and adapted for lodging and feeding (and training) ungulates, especially horses.
(metonymy) All the racehorses of a particular stable, i.e. belonging to a given owner.
A group of people who are looked after, mentored, or trained in one place or for a particular purpose or profession.

stable boy stable boys n
buachaill stábla
A boy or young man who attends in a stable.

stableman stablemen n
giolla stábla
A person employed to take care of horses in a stable.

stabling stablings n
stáblaí
A building, shed, or room for horses and cattle; a stable.

stackyard stackyards n
iothlainn
A farmyard in which stacks of hay etc. are stored.

stadion stadia stadions n
staid
(historical) A Greek unit of distance based on standardized footraces, equivalent to about 185.4 metres.

stadium /ˈsteɪ.di.əm/ stadia stadiums n
staid staidiam
A venue where sporting events are held.

staff /stæf/ /stɑːf/ [staf] [steəf] [stäf] [stäːf] [stæf] [stɐːf] [stɑːf] [stɛəf] staff staffs staves n
liúr
(plural staffs or staves) A long, straight, thick wooden rod or stick, especially one used to assist in walking.
foireann
(engineering) An arbor, as of a wheel or a pinion of a watch.

staff officer staff officers n
oifigeach foirne
(military rank) An officer who fulfills a non-combat support function, often in a headquarters or planning office.

stag /stæɡ/ stags n
carria
(countable) An adult male deer, especially a red deer and especially one in high adulthood versus a young adult.
dreoilín
(countable) The Eurasian wren, Troglodytes troglodytes.

stage /steɪd͡ʒ/ stages n
céim
A phase.
stáitse ardán
(by extension) One of the portions of a device (such as a rocket or thermonuclear weapon) which are used or activated in a particular order, one after another.
(video games) A level; one of the sequential areas making up the game.
(geology) The succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic time scale.

stage manager stage managers n
bainisteoir stáitse
A person responsible for the organization of a stage production, and who is in charge of the stage during the performance

stagedoor stagedoors n
doras aisteoirí
the door used by actors and other professionals when entering or leaving a theatre

stagflation /ˌstæɡˈfleɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌstæɡˈfleɪʃn̩/ stagflations n
marbh-bhoilsciú
(economics) Prolonged high inflation accompanied by stagnant growth, often with recession and high unemployment. [from 1965]

stagger /ˈstæɡə/ /ˈstæɡɚ/ v
tuisligh
(intransitive) In standing or walking, to sway from one side to the other as if about to fall; to stand or walk unsteadily; to reel or totter.
agaigh
(transitive) Have multiple groups doing the same thing in a uniform fashion, but starting at different, evenly spaced, times or places (attested from 1856).

stairs /ˈstɛəz/ /ˈstɛɹz/ n
staighre
A contiguous set of steps connecting two floors.

stake /steɪk/ stakes n
cuaille
A piece of wood or other material, usually long and slender, pointed at one end so as to be easily driven into the ground as a marker or a support or stay.

stalactite /-lək-/ /stəˈlæktaɪt/ /stəˈlækˌtaɪt/ /ˈstælæktaɪt/ /ˈstæləkˌtaɪt/ stalactites n
aolchuisne
(geology) A secondary mineral deposit of calcium carbonate or another mineral, in shapes similar to icicles, that hangs from the roof of a cave.

stalagmite /stəˈlæɡˌmaɪt/ /ˈstæl.əɡˌmaɪt/ stalagmites n
aolchoinneal
(geology) A secondary mineral deposit of calcium carbonate or other mineral, in shapes similar to icicles, that lies on the ground of a cave.

stalemate /ˈsteɪlmeɪt/ stalemates n
leamhsháinn
(chess) The state in which the player to move is not in check but has no legal moves, resulting in a draw.

stalker stalkers n
stalcaire
A person who engages in stalking, i.e., quietly approaching animals to be hunted; a tracker or guide in hunting game.

stallion /ˈstæli.ən/ /ˈstæljən/ stallions n
stail
A male horse kept primarily as a stud.
An adult male horse.

stalwart /ˈstɑl-/ /ˈstɒl-/ /ˈstɔl.wɚt/ /ˈstɔːl.wət/ more stalwart most stalwart adj
calma
Courageous.

stammer /ˈstæmə/ /ˈstæmɚ/ stammers n
maolteanga snag stad

stammer /ˈstæmə/ /ˈstæmɚ/ v
beith ag stadaireacht
(transitive) To utter with a stammer, or with timid hesitancy.

stammering stammerings n
bailbhe balbhántaíocht snagaireacht stadaireacht trudaireacht

stamp /stæmp/ v
gread
(transitive) To strike, beat, or press forcibly with the bottom of the foot, or by thrusting the foot downward.

stamp pad stamp pads n
dúchaire
A porous pad, often made of a felt-like material, impregnated with ink, used for inking rubber stamps.

stanch /stænt͡ʃ/ /stɑːnt͡ʃ/ v
coisc
(transitive, archaic, except, poetic) To stop the flow of (water or some other liquid).
To stop the flow of (blood); also, to stop (a wound) from bleeding.
(transitive) To check or stop, or deter (an action).

stand /stænd/ [steənd] v
seas
(intransitive) To rise to one’s feet; to stand up.
(intransitive, copulative) To support oneself on the feet in an erect position.
(intransitive, copulative) To maintain one's ground; to be acquitted; not to fail or yield; to be safe.
(intransitive, followed by to + infinitive) To be positioned to gain or lose.
(transitive) To undergo; withstand; hold up.
fulaing
(intransitive, copulative, obsolete) To be in some particular state; to have essence or being; to be; to consist.

stand up v
feall ar fág ina staic
(transitive, idiomatic) (stand someone up) To avoid a prearranged meeting, especially a date, with (a person) without prior notification; to jilt or shirk.

standard /ˈstændəd/ /ˈstændəɹd/ [ˈsteəndɚd] more standard most standard adj
caighdeánach
Falling within an accepted range of size, amount, power, quality, etc.

standard /ˈstændəd/ /ˈstændəɹd/ [ˈsteəndɚd] standards n
caighdeán
A level of quality or attainment.
Something used as a measure for comparative evaluations; a model.

standing committee standing committees n
buanchoiste
An established parliamentary or congressional committee to which all proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials and other matters regarding a defined scope of subjects get referred to and then returned to parliament or congress along with a recommended measure.

standing stone standing stones n
cloch seasaimh gallán
A prehistoric monument consisting of an upright megalith; often in groups

standoffish /stænˈdɑ.fɪʃ/ /stænˈdɒf.ɪʃ/ /stænˈdɔ.fɪʃ/ /stænˈdɔː.fɪʃ/ [steənˈdɑ.fɪʃ] more standoffish most standoffish adj
coimhthíoch
Aloof; reserved; unsociable and unfriendly.

standstill /ˈstændˌstɪl/ [ˈstɛəndˌstɪɫ] standstills n
stad
Complete immobility; halt.

stannous /ˈstænəs/ adj
stánmhar stánúil
(chemistry) Containing bivalent tin.

stanza /ˈstænzə/ stanzas n
véarsa
A unit of a poem, written or printed as a paragraph; equivalent to a verse.

staple /ˈsteɪ.pəl/ staples n
stápla
A wire fastener used to secure stacks of paper by penetrating all the sheets and curling around.
príomh-amhábhar príomhtháirge
The principal commodity produced in a town or region.
amhábhar bunábhar
A basic or essential supply.

stapler /ˈsteɪplə/ /ˈsteɪplɚ/ staplers n
stáplóir
A device which binds together sheets of paper by driving a thin metal staple through the sheets and simultaneously folding over the ends of the staple against the back surface of the paper.

star /staː(ɹ)/ /stɑɹ/ /stɑː(ɹ)/ stars n
réalta
(geometry) A concave polygon with regular, pointy protrusions and indentations, usually with four, five, or six points.
(acting) An actor in a leading role.
An exceptionally talented or famous person, often in a specific field; a celebrity.
A symbol used to rate hotels, films, etc. with a higher number of stars denoting better quality.
A simple dance, or part of a dance, where a group of four dancers each put their right or left hand in the middle and turn around in a circle. You call them right-hand stars or left-hand stars, depending on the hand which is in the middle.
A composition of combustible matter used in the heading of rockets, in mines, etc., which, exploding in the air, presents a starlike appearance.
(networking) A network topology with multiple computers individually merging to one central switch, thus free of risk of collisions. A single point of failure can occur if the switch experiences corruption.
réalta réiltín
(printing) An asterisk (*) or symbol (★).

star cluster star clusters n
réaltbhraisle
(astronomy) A group of gravitationally bound stars and other material (such as nebulae and planets), conventionally with one generation of similarly aged stars from the same pre-stellar nebula.

starboard /ˈstaː.bəd/ /ˈstɑɹ.bɚd/ /ˈstɑː.bəd/ starboards n
deasbhord
The righthand side of a ship, boat or aircraft when facing the front, or fore or bow. Used to unambiguously refer to directions according to the sides of the vessel, rather than those of a crew member or object.

starch /stɑɹt͡ʃ/ /stɑːt͡ʃ/ starches n
ardnós
(uncountable) A stiff, formal manner; formality.

starfish /ˈstɑː(ɹ)fɪʃ/ starfish starfishes n
crosóg crosóg mhara
Any of various asteroids or other echinoderms (not in fact fish) with usually five arms, many of which eat bivalves or corals by everting their stomach.

stargazer /ˈstɑɹˌɡeɪzɚ/ stargazers n
réadóir
(now, colloquial) Someone who gazes at the stars; an astronomer or astrologer (now especially an amateur one). [from 16th c.]

stark naked adj
tarnocht
Completely naked.

starling /ˈstɑɹ.lɪŋ/ /ˈstɑː.lɪŋ/ starlings n
druid
A family, Sturnidae, of passerine birds.

starry /ˈstɑɹ.i/ /ˈstɑː.ɹi/ starrier starriest adj
réaltach réaltógach
Having stars visible.
Resembling or shaped like a star.

start /stɑɹt/ /stɑːt/ starts n
geit
A sudden involuntary movement.

start /stɑɹt/ /stɑːt/ v
preab
cuir tús le
(transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly.

starthistle starthistles n
plibisín
Any of the genus Centaurea of herbaceous thistle-like flowering plants.

starting point starting points n
tús túsphointe
(sometimes, figurative) The place where a journey starts.

starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/ /stɑːˈveɪʃən/ starvations n
gorta
A condition of severe suffering due to a lack of nutrition.

state /steɪt/ states n
stát
(anthropology) A society larger than a tribe. A society large enough to form a state in the sense of a government.
A political division of a federation retaining a notable degree of autonomy, as in the United States, Mexico, Nigeria, or India.

state /steɪt/ v
sonraigh
(transitive) To make known.

state visit state visits n
cuairt stáit
A formal visit by a head of state or a cabinet minister to another nation.

stateless adj
gan stát
(legal) Without a state or nationality; not subject to any state.

stately /ˈsteɪtli/ statelier stateliest adj
státúil
(of people) Worthy of respect; dignified, regal.

statement /ˈsteɪtm(ə)nt/ /ˈsteɪtmənt/ statements n
ráiteas
A declaration or remark.
A presentation of opinion or position.
ráisteas cuntais ráiteas bainc
(finance) A document that summarizes financial activity.

statesmanlike more statesmanlike most statesmanlike adj
státúil
Like a statesman, demonstrating the skills and qualities of a respected leader.

static /ˈstæt.ɪk/ [ˈstæɾ.ɪk] adj
statach
Unchanging; that cannot or does not change.
seasta statach
Immobile; fixed in place; having no motion.

statics n
stataic
(physics) The branch of mechanics concerned with forces in static equilibrium

station /ˈsteɪʃən/ stations n
stáisiún
A place where one performs a task or where one is on call to perform a task.

stationer stationers n
páipéaraí siopa páipéir
A person or business that sells stationery.

stationer's stationers' n
siopa páipéar
A shop that sells stationery

stationery /ˈsteɪʃ(ə)n(ə)ɹi/ /ˈsteɪʃənɛɹi/ stationeries n
páipéarachas
Writing materials, envelopes, office materials.

statistics /stəˈtɪstɪks/ n
staidreamh figiúr
A discipline, principally within applied mathematics, concerned with the systematic study of the collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data.

statue /ˈstæt.juː/ /ˈstæt͡ʃ.uː/ /ˈstæt͡ʃu/ statues n
dealbh íomhá
A three-dimensional work of art, usually representing a person or animal, usually created by sculpting, carving, molding, or casting.

statuette /ˌstætjuˈɛt/ /ˌstætʃuˈɛt/ statuettes n
deilbhín
A small statue, usually a figure much less than life size, especially when of marble or bronze, or of plaster or clay as a preparation for the marble or bronze, as distinguished from a figure in terra cotta etc.

statute /ˈstæt͡ʃuːt/ statutes n
reacht
Written law as laid down by a legislature.

statute of limitations statutes of limitations n
reacht na dtréimhsí
(law) A law passed by a legislative body that sets a maximum time limit after an incident, in which legal proceedings may be initiated.

statutory /ˈstætjʊt(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˈstæt͡ʃəˌtɔɹi/ adj
reachtúil
Of, relating to, enacted or regulated by a statute.

stay /steɪ/ v
fan
(intransitive) To remain in a particular place, especially for a definite or short period of time; sojourn; abide.
(transitive, obsolete) To remain for the purpose of; to stay to take part in or be present at (a meal, ceremony etc.).

steadfast /ˈstɛdfæst/ /ˈstɛdfɑːst/ /ˈstɛdfəst/ more steadfast most steadfast steadfaster steadfastest adj
buanseasmhach diongbháilte
Fixed or unchanging; steady.
Firmly loyal or constant; unswerving.

steadfastness steadfastnesses n
diongbháilteacht seasmhacht
Loyalty in the face of trouble and difficulty.

steadiness /ˈstɛdinəs/ steadinesses n
fostacht
the state of being steady

steak /steɪk/ steaks n
stéig
beefsteak, a slice of beef, broiled or cut for broiling.

steal /stiːl/ v
goid
(transitive) To take illegally, or without the owner's permission, something owned by someone else without intending to return it.
(transitive, baseball) To advance safely to (another base) during the delivery of a pitch, without the aid of a hit, walk, passed ball, wild pitch, or defensive indifference.

steal away v
éalaigh
(intransitive) To leave secretively.

steam /stim/ /stiːm/ steams n
gal uisce toit
The suspended condensate (cloud) formed by water vapour when it encounters colder air
gal uisce
Pressurized water vapour used for heating, cooking, or to provide mechanical energy.

steam turbine steam turbines n
tuirbín gaile
A system of angled and shaped blades arranged on a rotor through which steam is passed to generate rotational energy. Today, normally used in power stations.

steamboat /ˈstimˌboʊt/ /ˈstiːmˌbəʊt/ steamboats n
stíméar stíomar
A boat or vessel propelled by steam power.

steaming /ˈstiː.mɪŋ/ more steaming most steaming adj
galach
Giving off steam.

steampunk /ˈstiːm.pʌŋk/ steampunks n
galphunc
(uncountable) A subgenre of science fiction that depicts advanced technology combined with Victorian style and aesthetics, such as steam-powered machines and vehicles, visible gears and screws and people dressed in 19th-century attires.

stearate /ˈstɪəɹeɪt/ stearates n
stéaráit
(fatty acid) Any salt or ester of stearic acid.

steel /stiːl/ [stiːɫ] steels n
cruach
(countable, uncountable) An artificial metal produced from iron, harder and more elastic than elemental iron; used figuratively as a symbol of hardness.

steel guitar steel guitars n
giotár cruach
(music, uncountable) A method of playing slide guitar using a steel (a kind of slide).
(musical instrument, countable) Any of several types of guitar designed to be played using this method.

steelworks steelworks n
cruachchearta obair chruach
A place where steel is manufactured and/or shaped.

steep /stiːp/ steeper steepest adj
crochta géar
Of a near-vertical gradient; of a slope, surface, curve, etc. that proceeds upward at an angle near vertical.

steepen v
géaraigh
(transitive) To make steeper.

steeple /ˈstiːpəl/ steeples n
spuaic
A tall tower, often on a church, normally topped with a spire.

steepness steepnesses n
riteacht
(uncountable) The state or quality of being steep.

steering group steering groups n
grúpa stiúrtha
A committee whose function is to arrange the schedules of business for a legislative assembly or other organization

steersman /ˈstiɹz.mən/ /ˈstɪəz.mən/ /ˈstɪɹz.mən/ steersmen n
stiúrthóir
(nautical) One who steers a ship or other vessel; the helmsman.

stegosaur /ˈstɛɡəsoɹ/ stegosaurs n
steigeasár
Any of several extinct herbivorous dinosaurs, of the suborder Stegosauria, having two rows of bony plates along the back. [from c. 1900]

stele /stiːl/ /ˈstiːli/ stelai steles n
liagán greanta
(architecture, archaeology, obsolete) An acroterion, the decoration on the ridge of an ancient Greek building such as a temple.

stellar /ˈstɛlə/ /ˈstɛlɚ/ more stellar most stellar adj
réaltach
(astronomy, notcomp) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of stars.

stem /stɛm/ v
coisc
(transitive) To stop, hinder (for instance, a river or blood).

stem stitch stem stitches n
gasghreim
An embroidery stitch, derived from backstitch, in which each stitch overlaps the previous stitch to one side, forming a twisted line of stitching, with the thread passing below the needle.

stench /stɛnt͡ʃ/ stenches n
bréantas bréine drochbholadh mosar tuth
a strong foul smell; a stink.

stenographer /stəˈnɑɡɹəfɚ/ /stəˈnɒɡɹəfə/ stenographers n
gearrscríobhaí luathscríbhneoir luathscríobhaí
Someone skilled in the writing of shorthand or the use of a stenotype machine, especially for the purpose of rapid transcription of speech. One employed in such a role: a professional transcriptionist who employs shorthand.

stenography /stəˈnɑɡɹəfi/ /stɪˈnɒɡɹəfi/ stenographies n
luathscríbhneoireacht
The practice of transcribing speech (primarily for later dictation or testimony), usually using shorthand

stentorian /stɛnˈtɔː.ɹi.ən/ more stentorian most stentorian adj
ollghuthach
(of a voice) Loud, powerful, booming, suitable for giving speeches to large crowds.

step dance step dances n
damhsa céime rince céime
A dance emphasizing the dancer's steps.

step down v
íoschéimnigh
To gradually reduce something, a little at a time, as an electric step down transformer.

step ladder step ladders n
dréimire taca
A ladder with steps or treads instead of rungs that is hinged in the middle to form an inverted V, with stays to keep the two halves at a fixed angle.

step- prefix
leas-
A prefix used before father, mother, brother, sister, son, daughter, child, and so forth, to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative but is related through the marriage of a parent.

stepbrother stepbrethren stepbrothers n
leasdeartháir
The son of one's stepparent who is not the son of either of one's biological parents.

stepdaughter stepdaughters n
leasiníon
The daughter of one's spouse and not of oneself.

stepfather stepfathers n
leasathair
(in the narrow sense) A husband of one's biological mother after her initial marriage to or relationship with one's biological father.

stepmother /ˈstɛpmʌðə/ stepmothers n
leasmháthair
The wife of one's biological father, other than one's biological mother.

stepsister stepsisters n
leasdeirfiúr
The daughter of one's stepparent who is not the daughter of either of one's parents.

stepson /ˈstɛpsʌn/ stepsons n
leasmhac
The son of one's spouse, but not one's own child.

stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/ /ˈstɪə.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/ stereotypes n
steiréitiopa
A conventional, formulaic, and often oversimplified or exaggerated conception, opinion, or image of (a person or a group of people).

stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/ /ˈstɪə.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/ v
plátáil
(transitive, printing) To print from a stereotype.

steric adj
steireach
(chemistry) Relating to or involving the arrangement of atoms in space.

sterile /ˈstɛɹaɪl/ /ˈstɛɹəl/ more sterile most sterile adj
aimrid seasc
(uncomparable) Unable to reproduce (or procreate).
seasc
(figurative) Fruitless, uninspiring, or unproductive.
steiriúil
Germless; free from all living or viable microorganisms.

sterilization sterilizations n
steiriliú
(uncountable) The process of treating something to kill or inactivate microorganisms.
aimridiú
(uncountable) A procedure to permanently prevent an organism from reproducing.
steiriliúchán
(countable) An instance of a sterilization procedure.

sterilize /ˈstɛrɪlʌɪz/ v
aimridigh
(transitive) To make unable to produce; to make unprofitable.
steiriligh
(transitive, biology) To kill, deactivate (denature), or destroy (break apart) all living, viable microorganisms and spores on a surface, in a fluid, or contained in a compound, such as culture media or a medical product.

stern /stɜːn/ /stɝn/ sterns n
deireadh
(nautical) The rear part or after end of a ship or vessel.

sternsheets n
tile deiridh
(nautical) The stern area of an open boat; the planking that forms the floor or seating in that area

steroid /ˈstɛɹɔɪd/ /ˈstɪəɹɔɪd/ steroids n
stéaróideach
(biochemistry, organic compound) A class of organic compounds having a structure of 17 carbon atoms arranged in four rings; they are lipids, and occur naturally as sterols, bile acids, adrenal and sex hormones, and some vitamins; many drugs are synthetic steroids.

steroidogenesis steroidogeneses n
stéaróidigineas
(steroid) The process of steroid (hormone) production in living organisms.

steroidogenic adj
stéaróidigineach
(steroid) Of or relating to the process of steroidogenesis.

stethoscope /ˈstɛθəskəʊp/ /ˈstɛθəsˌkoʊp/ stethoscopes n
steiteascóp
(medicine) A medical instrument used for listening to sounds produced within the body.

stevedore /ˈstivəˌdɔɹ/ /ˈstiːvəˌdɔː(ɹ)/ stevedores n
stíbheadóir
A dockworker involved in loading and unloading cargo, or in supervising such work. [from 18th c.]

stew /stjuː/ /stu/ /stʃuː/ /stʃʉː/ stews n
stobhach
(uncountable, countable) A dish cooked by stewing. [from 18th c.]

stew /stjuː/ /stu/ /stʃuː/ /stʃʉː/ v
stobh
(transitive, or, intransitive, or, ergative) To cook (food) by slowly boiling or simmering.

steward /ˈstjuː.əd/ /ˈstuɚd/ stewardess stewards n
maor
(historical) A chief administrator of a medieval manor.
A person who has charge of buildings, grounds, and/or animals.
(higher education) An officer who provides food for the students and superintends the kitchen; also, an officer who attends to the accounts of the students.

stewardess /stjuː.əˈdɛs/ /ˈstjuː.ə.dɛs/ /ˈstjuː.ə.dɪs/ /ˈstjʊə.dɪs/ /ˈstu.ɚ.dɪs/ /ˈstʊɹ.dɪs/ stewardesses stewardii n
aeróstach
A female flight attendant (a member of the crew of an airplane who is responsible for the comfort and safety of its passengers).

stewardship stewardships n
reachtaireacht
The rank or office of a steward.

stick /stɪk/ sticks n
bata craobh maide
A small, thin branch from a tree or bush; a twig; a branch.
bata maide
A cane or walking stick (usually wooden, metal or plastic) to aid in walking.
A relatively long, thin piece of wood, of any size.
bata
a stick of butter (chiefly, North America) A small rectangular block, with a length several times its width, which contains by volume one half of a cup of shortening (butter, margarine or lard).
(figurative) A negative stimulus or a punishment. (This sense derives from the metaphor of using a stick, a long piece of wood, to poke or beat a beast of burden to compel it to move forward.)
camán maide haca
(hockey) The potential accuracy of a hockey stick, implicating also the player using it.

stick figure stick figures n
duine cipíneach
A line drawing with a circle for the head and straight lines for the torso and limbs.
A simple drawing, usually representing a human.

stick insect stick insects n
cipíneach
Any of various insects of the order Phasmida that mimic sticks or twigs.

sticker /ˈstɪkə/ /ˈstɪkɚ/ stickers n
greamaitheoir

stickiness stickinesses n
greamaitheacht
The property of sticking or adhering; adhesion.

stickleback sticklebacks n
biorach lodáin garmachán snáthaid mhara
Any one of numerous species of small fish of the family Gasterosteidae. The back is armed with two or more sharp spines. They inhabit both salt and brackish water, and construct nests from weeds.

sticky /ˈstɪki/ stickier stickiest adj
greamaitheach
Tending to stick; able to adhere via the drying of a viscous substance.

stiff /stɪf/ stiffer stiffest adj
stalcánta
(of a, person) Formal in behavior; unrelaxed.

stiff /stɪf/ stiffs n
stiúgaí
(slang) A cadaver; a dead person.

stiff-necked more stiff-necked most stiff-necked adj
cruamhuineálach
(figuratively) Stubborn and arrogant.

stiffen /ˈstɪfən/ v
stalc
(transitive) To make stiff.
(intransitive) To become stiff.

stifle /ˈstaɪf(ə)l/ /ˈstaɪfl̩/ v
plúch
(transitive, also, figuratively) To make (an animal or person) unconscious or cause (an animal or person) death by preventing breathing; to smother, to suffocate.

stigma /ˈstɪɡmə/ stigmas stigmata n
smál
A mark of infamy or disgrace.
stigme
(typography) A ligature of the Greek letters sigma and tau, (Ϛ/ϛ).
spota stiogma
A scar or birthmark.
stiogma stiogmata
(Christianity, chiefly, _, in the plural, _, stigmata) A mark on the body corresponding to one of the wounds of the Crucifixion on Jesus' body, and sometimes reported to bleed periodically.

still /stɪl/ [stɪo̯] [stɪɫ] [stɪʊ̯] more still most still stiller stillest adj
féithchiúin
Not moving; calm.

still /stɪl/ [stɪo̯] [stɪɫ] [stɪʊ̯] adv
go fóill i gcónaí ar fad fós
(aspect) Up to a time, as in the preceding time.

still life still lifes still lives n
neamhbheo
(painting) A work of art depicting an arrangement of inanimate objects.

stilt /stɪlt/ stilts n
cos croise
Either of two poles with footrests that allow someone to stand or walk above the ground; used mostly by entertainers.
cos taca
A tall pillar or post used to support some structure; often above water.

stilt sandpiper stilt sandpipers n
gobadán scodalach
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris himantopus)

stimulant /ˈstɪmjʊlənt/ stimulants n
ardóg
(pharmaceutical drug) A substance that acts to increase physiological or nervous activity in the body.

stimulating more stimulating most stimulating adj
spreagthach
Having a manner that stimulates.

stimulation stimulations n
spreagthacht
A pushing or goading toward action. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

stimulus /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ stimuli stimuluses n
spreagadh

sting /stɪŋ/ stings n
cealg
A puncture made by an insect or arachnid in an attack, usually including the injection of venom.

sting /stɪŋ/ v
cealg
(transitive, of an insect or arachnid) To puncture with the stinger.

stinginess stinginesses n
caillteacht ceacharthacht cinnteacht cruacht cruas cruáil
A lack of generosity; an excessive reluctance to spend money.

stingray /ˈstɪŋˌɹeɪ/ stingrays n
roc ga nimhe
Any of various large, venomous rays, of the orders Rajiformes and Myliobatiformes, having a barbed, whiplike tail.

stingy /ˈstɪnd͡ʒi/ stingier stingiest adj
ceachartha sprionlaithe
Unwilling to spend, give, or share; ungenerous; mean

stinkhorn stinkhorns n
adharc an phúca
Any fungus of the order Phallales, which produce a foul-scented, rod-shaped mushroom.

stipulation /ˌstɪp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ stipulations n
agó
Something that is stated or stipulated as a condition of an agreement.

stir /stɜː/ /stɝ/ v
corraigh
(transitive) To disturb the relative position of the particles of (a liquid or similar) by passing an object through it.

stirrup /ˈstɝ.əp/ /ˈstɪɹ.əp/ stirrups n
stíoróip
(equestrianism) A ring or hoop suspended by a rope or strap from the saddle, for a horseman's foot while mounting or riding.
(by extension) Any piece shaped like the stirrup of a saddle, used as a support, clamp, etc.

stitch /stɪt͡ʃ/ stitches n
greim
A single pass of a needle in sewing; the loop or turn of the thread thus made.
arraing
A local sharp pain (anywhere); an acute pain, like the piercing of a needle.
luid tointe
(colloquial) Any least part of a fabric or clothing.

stitchery stitcheries n
obair shnáthaide
fine work done by stitching

stitchwort stitchworts n
tursarraing mhór
A kind of chickweed, Rabelera holostea.

stock /stɑk/ /stɒk/ stocken stocks n
stoc
(cooking, uncountable, countable) Broth made from meat (originally bones) or vegetables, used as a basis for stew or soup.
A piece of black cloth worn under a clerical collar.

stock company stock companies n
comhlacht stoic cuideachta stoic
(finance) an incorporated company the capital of which is represented by marketable shares having a certain equal par value
compántas
a company of actors regularly employed at one theater, or permanently acting together in various plays under one management

stock dove stock doves n
colm gorm
A pigeon of species Columba oenas, found in much of Europe, in the family Columbidae of pigeons and doves).

stock market stock markets n
stocmhargadh
A market for the trading of company stock.

stock pigeon stock pigeons n
colm gorm
A pigeon of species Columba oenas, of western Eurasia.

stockade /ˌstɑˈkeɪd/ /ˌstɒˈkeɪd/ stockades n
bábhún pailis sonnach
(military) An enclosure protected by a wall of wooden posts.

stocking /ˈstɑkɪŋ/ /ˈstɒkɪŋ/ stockings n
stoca
A broad ring of a different fur colour on the lower part of the leg of a quadruped.

stocks /stɑks/ /stɒks/ n
branra
(plurale tantum) A device, similar to a pillory, formerly used for public humiliation and punishment.

stocky stockier stockiest adj
balcánta blocánta dingthe puntánach staiceáilte suite
(of a person or an animal) Sturdy; solidly built; heavy and compact.

stodgy /ˈstɒ.d͡ʒi/ more stodgy most stodgy stodgier stodgiest adj
stalcánta
(figurative) Dull, old-fashioned.

stoichiometry /ˌstɔɪ.kiˈɒm.ə.tɹi/ stoichiometries n
stócaiméadracht
(uncountable, chemistry) The study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations).

stomach /ˈstɐmək/ /ˈstɐmɪk/ /ˈstʌmək/ stomachs n
goile
An organ in animals that stores food in the process of digestion.
bolg
(informal) The belly.

stomachache /ˈstʌməkˌeɪk/ stomachaches n
tinneas goile
A pain in the abdomen, often caused by indigestion. (The pain is usually lower than the stomach and related to the intestines.)

stone /stoʊn/ /stɐʉn/ /stəʊn/ stone stones n
cloch
(uncountable) A hard earthen substance that can form large rocks.
A small piece of stone, a pebble.
(British) A unit of mass equal to 14 pounds (≈6.3503 kilograms), formerly used for various commodities (wool, cheese, etc.), but now principally used for personal weight. Abbreviated as st.
(medicine) A hard, stone-like deposit.
cloch sceallán
(botany) The central part of some fruits, particularly drupes; consisting of the seed and a hard endocarp layer.

stone /stoʊn/ /stɐʉn/ /stəʊn/ v
cloch
(transitive) To pelt with stones, especially to kill by pelting with stones.

stone dead adj
chomh marbh le hart
(idiomatic) Utterly dead.

stonechat stonechats n
Donncha an chaipín Máirín an triúis bod ar dris caislín cloch caislín dearg clochrán
Any of various small Old World passerine birds of the genus Saxicola that feed on insects.

stonemason stonemasons n
saor cloiche
One who works in stone.

stoneware stonewares n
cruachré
A type of pottery that is fired at a high temperature and is dense, opaque and nonporous.

stool /stuːl/ /stʉl/ stools n
fearadh
stól
(now, chiefly, dialectal, Scotland) A seat with a back; a chair.
(dated) A close-stool; a seat used for urination and defecation: a chamber pot, commode, outhouse seat, or toilet.

stop /stɑp/ /stɒp/ stops n
stad stop
A (usually marked) place where buses, trams or trains halt to let passengers get on and off, usually smaller than a station.
stop
An action of stopping; interruption of travel.
A device intended to block the path of a moving object

stop /stɑp/ /stɒp/ v
stad stop
(intransitive) Not to continue.
stad coisc
(transitive) To cause (something) to cease moving or progressing.
stad
(transitive) To cause (something) to come to an end.

stop sign stop signs n
comhartha stop
A sign by the side of a road or street, often at an intersection, instructing vehicle drivers to stop.

stopper /ˈstɑ.pɚ/ /ˈstɒp.ə/ /ˈstɔp.ə/ stoppers n
stoipéad stopallán
A bung or cork.

storage /ˈstoː.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈstɔɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈstɔː.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ storages n
costas
(uncountable) The price charged for storing goods.

storage cell storage cells n
taisc-chill
A rechargeable battery

store /sto(ː)ɹ/ /stoə/ /stɔɹ/ /stɔː/ v
coinnigh
(transitive) To keep (something) while not in use, generally in a place meant for that purpose.

store away v
cuir i dtaisce
(idiomatic, intransitive) To keep a supply of something, in a place or container.

store manager store managers n
bainisteoir siopa
The manager who is directly responsible for a store.

storey /ˈstɔːɹi/ /ˈstɔːɹɪ/ storeys stories n
stór urlár
A floor or level of a building or ship.

stork /stɔɹk/ /stɔːk/ storks n
storc corr bhán
A large wading bird with long legs and a long beak of the family Ciconiidae.

storm /stɔɹm/ /stɔːm/ storms n
stoirm doineann anfa
Any disturbed state of the atmosphere causing destructive or unpleasant weather, especially one affecting the earth's surface involving strong winds (leading to high waves at sea) and usually lightning, thunder, and precipitation; a tempest.

storm petrel storm petrels n
guairdeall peadairín na stoirme éan an anró
Any of several small seabirds, of the families Hydrobatidae (northern storm petrels) or Oceanitidae (southern storm petrels or Austral storm petrels), having dark plumage and a white rump.

stormy /ˈstɔɹmi/ stormier stormiest adj
anfach anfúil
Characterized by, or proceeding from, a storm; subject to storms; agitated with strong winds and heavy rain.

story /ˈstɔ.ɹi/ /ˈstɔː.ɹi/ stories n
scéal
An account of real or fictional events.

storyteller storytellers n
scéalaí seanchaí
A person who relates stories through one medium or another to an audience

stout /staʊt/ /stʌʊt/ stouter stoutest adj
alpartha téagartha
Large; bulky.
téagartha
Materially strong, enduring.

stout /staʊt/ /stʌʊt/ stouts n
leann dubh
(beer) A dark and strong malt brew made with toasted grain.

stout-hearted more stout-hearted most stout-hearted adj
móruchtúil
Alternative form of stouthearted

stoutness stoutnesses n
leithe
(usually, uncountable) The state or quality of being stout.

stove /stoʊv/ /stəʊv/ stoves n
sorn sornóg
A device for heating food, (UK) a cooker.
sorn
(dated) A house or room artificially warmed or heated.

straddle /ˈstɹæd.l̩/ straddles n
srathair
(finance) An investment strategy involving simultaneous trade with put and call options on the same security at the same strike price, giving a non-directional position sensitive to volatility.
A part of a harness placed on the back of a beast of burden (such as a horse or donkey) to carry the weight of a load.

straggler /ˈstɹæɡlə/ /ˈstɹæɡlɚ/ /ˈstɹæɡl̩ɚ/ stragglers n
haidhléaraí néiléir scíontachán straigléir
jaingléir
A roving vagabond.

straight /stɹeɪt/ straighter straightest adj
díreach
Not crooked, curly, or bent; having a constant direction throughout its length. [from 14th c.]
(of a path, trajectory, etc.) Direct, undeviating. [from 15th c.]
(slang, sex work) Related to conventional sexual intercourse.

straight /stɹeɪt/ straights n
sraith
(poker) Five cards in sequence.

straight line straight lines n
líne dhíreach
(geometry) A line with no curvature; a line with constant direction. The path of shortest length between two points.

strain /stɹeɪn/ strains n
ábhann
(music, poetry) Any sustained note or movement; a song; a distinct portion of an ode or other poem; also, the pervading note, or burden, of a song, poem, etc.
straidhn
(uncountable, engineering) A dimensionless measure of object deformation either referring to engineering strain or true strain.

strain /stɹeɪn/ v
freang
(transitive) To apply a force or forces to by stretching out.
sníomh
(ambitransitive) To exert or struggle (to do something), especially to stretch (one's senses, faculties etc.) beyond what is normal or comfortable.
scag síothlaigh
(transitive) To separate solid from liquid by passing through a strainer or colander.

strainer /ˈstɹeɪnɚ/ strainers n
síothlán
A device through which a liquid is passed for purification, filtering or separation from solid matter; anything (including a screen or a cloth) used to strain a liquid.
A perforated screen or openwork (usually at the end of a suction pipe of a pump), used to prevent solid bodies from mixing in a liquid stream or flowline.
One who strains.

strait /stɹeɪt/ straits n
caol
(geography) A narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water.

straitjacket /ˈstɹeɪtˌd͡ʒækɪt/ straitjackets n
seaicéad ceangail
A jacket-like garment with very long sleeves which can be secured in place, thus preventing the wearer from moving his or her arms. Often used in psychiatric hospitals to prevent patients from injuring themselves or others.

strake /ˈstɹeɪk/ strakes n
easna stráice
(nautical) A continuous line of plates or planks running from bow to stern that contributes to a vessel's skin. (FM 55-501).

strand /stɹænd/ [stɹɛənd] strands n
trá
The shore or beach of the sea or ocean.

strange /stɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ stranger strangest adj
aisteach ait saoithiúil éagsúlach
Not normal; odd, unusual, surprising, out of the ordinary.
aduain coimhthíoch
Unfamiliar, not yet part of one's experience.
coimhthíoch iasachta
(obsolete) Belonging to another country; foreign.

strangeness strangenesses n
aduaine éagsúlacht
(particle physics) One of the quantum numbers of subatomic particles, depending upon the relative number of strange quarks and anti-strange quarks.

stranger /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒə/ /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒɚ/ strangers n
strainséir
A person whom one does not know; a person who is neither a friend nor an acquaintance.
An outsider or foreigner.

strangle /ˈstɹæŋɡ(ə)l/ /ˈstɹæŋɡəl/ v
tacht
(transitive) To kill someone by squeezing the throat so as to cut off the oxygen supply; to choke, suffocate or throttle.
(intransitive) To be killed by strangulation, or become strangled.

strapping more strapping most strapping adj
strapaire
Having a sturdy muscular physique; robust.

stratagem /ˈstɹæt.ə.d͡ʒəm/ stratagems n
beart
Specifically, such a tactic or artifice in military operation.

strategy /ˈstɹæt.ə.d͡ʒi/ strategies n
straitéis
(countable) A plan of action intended to accomplish a specific goal.
(uncountable) The act of strategizing; the development of effective strategies.

stratigraphy /stɹəˈtɪɡ.ɹəfi/ /ˈstɹæt.əˌɡɹæf.i/ stratigraphies n
stratagrafaíocht
(geology) The study of rock layers and the layering process (stratification).

straw /stɹɑ/ /stɹɔ/ /stɹɔː/ straws n
fadóg sifín
(countable) A dried stalk of a cereal plant.
tuí cochán
(uncountable) Such dried stalks considered collectively; this bulk matter may be a chief salable product, a by-product, fodder, bedding, or green manure, depending on region and on current market conditions.

straw poll straw polls n
suirbhé samplála
(idiomatic) A survey of opinion or a vote that is nonbinding, unofficial, casual, or ad hoc.

strawberry /ˈstɹɑˌbɛɹi/ /ˈstɹɔˌbɛɹi/ /ˈstɹɔːb(ə)ɹi/ strawberries n
sú talún
The sweet, usually red, edible fruit of certain plants of the genus Fragaria.
Any plant of the genus Fragaria (that bears such fruit).
A dark pinkish red colour, like that of the fruit; strawberry red.

strawberry tree strawberry trees n
caithne
A cane apple, an evergreen shrub or small tree (Arbutus unedo), in family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean region and western Europe north to western France and Ireland, which bears fruits which resemble strawberries.
Any of the other species of Arbutus, native to Europe and temperate North America, especially

strawboard strawboards n
tuíchlár
A form of cardboard, usually yellow, made from straw

streak /stɹiːk/ streaks n
síog
An irregular line left from smearing or motion.

streak /stɹiːk/ v
síog
(intransitive) To have or obtain streaks.
(transitive) To create streaks upon.

stream /stɹiːm/ streams n
sruthán sruth
A small river; a large creek; a body of moving water confined by banks.
sruth sruthán
A thin connected passing of a liquid through a lighter gas (e.g. air).
sruth
Any steady flow or succession of material, such as water, air, radio signal or words.

streamlet /ˈstɹiːmlət/ streamlets n
altán caislín sreabhán sruthlán
A small stream.

streamlined more streamlined most streamlined adj
leabhairchruthach
Designed to offer little resistance to the flow of fluid, especially by having sleek, graceful lines.

street /stɹit/ /stɹiːt/ [skɹitˀ] [ʃkɹitˀ] [ʃtɹ̠̊iʔ] [ˈʃt͡ʃɹitˀ] streets n
sráid
A paved part of road, usually in a village or a town.

street map street maps n
léarscáil sráideanna
A map showing the streets in a city or district.

street organ street organs n
orgán sráide
(musical instrument) A type of mechanically-played barrel organ designed to be played in the street.

streetful streetfuls streetsful n
lán sráide
As much as a street will hold.

streetlight streetlights n
lampa sráide
(countable) Any large outdoor light used to illuminate a public area, usually urban.

streetwalker /ˈstɹiːtˌwɔːkə(ɹ)/ streetwalkers n
striapach sráide
A prostitute who looks for customers on the streets and in other public places.

strength /stɹɛŋkθ/ /stɹɛŋθ/ [st̠͡ɹ̠eɪŋkθ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɛn̪θ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɛŋkθ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɛɪŋkθ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɪŋkθ] strengths n
urrúntacht
The quality or degree of being strong.

strengthen /ˈstɹɛnθən/ /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/ /ˈʃt͡ʃɹeɪŋ(k)θən/ v
neartaigh
(transitive) To make strong or stronger; to add strength to; to increase the strength of; to fortify.

stress /stɹɛs/ stresses n
béim
(uncountable) Emphasis placed on a particular point in an argument or discussion (whether spoken or written).

stressed /stɹɛst/ more stressed most stressed adj
aiceanta
(phonetics) Having a stress or accent.

stressful /ˈstɹɛsfəl/ more stressful most stressful adj
strusmhar
Irritating; causing stress.

stretch /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ stretches n
réimse
A segment of a journey or route.

stretch /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ v
sín
(transitive) To lengthen by pulling.
(intransitive) To lengthen when pulled.

stretcher /ˈstɹɛt͡ʃə/ /ˈstɹɛt͡ʃɚ/ stretchers n
sínteán
A simple litter designed to carry a sick, injured, or dead person.

strew /stɹu/ /stɹuː/ v
easraigh
(dated, except strewn) To distribute objects or pieces of something over an area, especially in a random manner.

strict /stɹɪkt/ more strict most strict stricter strictest adj
beacht
Exact; accurate; precise; rigorously particular.

strident /ˈstɹaɪ.dənt/ [ˈstɹaɪdˀnt] more strident most strident adj
garg géar géarghlórach sianach
Loud; shrill, piercing, high-pitched; rough-sounding

strife /stɹaɪf/ strifes n
bruíon imreas
Bitter conflict, sometimes violent.

strike /stiː.ɹaɪk/ /stɹaɪk/ [stiː.ɹ̠ʌɪ̯k(ʰ)] strikes n
stailc
A work stoppage (or otherwise concerted stoppage of an activity) as a form of protest.
treo
(geology) The compass direction of the line of intersection between a rock layer and the surface of the Earth or another solid celestial body.

strike /stiː.ɹaɪk/ /stɹaɪk/ [stiː.ɹ̠ʌɪ̯k(ʰ)] v
buail dul ar stailc failp smiot téigh i bhfeidhm ar
(transitive) To give, as a blow; to impel, as with a blow; to give a force to; to dash; to cast.
téigh i bhfeidhm ar
(transitive) To impress, seem or appear to (a person).

strike up v
buail suas
(transitive, idiomatic) To start something with somebody else, such as a conversation or relationship.

strike while the iron is hot v
buail an t-iarann te
(idiomatic) To act on an opportunity promptly while favorable conditions exist; to avoid waiting.

strikebreaker strikebreakers n
bristeoir stailce
A non-unionized worker hired to replace a striking union worker.

string /stɹɪŋ/ strings n
sreang sreangán
(countable) A long, thin and flexible structure made from threads twisted together.
sreangán
(uncountable) Such a structure considered as a substance.

string theory string theories n
teoiric na dteaghrán
(physics) A candidate unified theory of all physical forces and particles; a theory which suggests that subatomic particles are one-dimensional strings rather than zero-dimensional points. It also suggests that space-time can have up to nine dimensions, plus the dimension of time.

stringed adj
sreangach
(music) Having strings

stringy /ˈstɹɪŋi/ stringier stringiest adj
sreangach
Composed of, or resembling, string or strings.

strip /stɹɪp/ v
feann
(transitive) To take away something from (someone or something); to plunder; to divest.
climir
(transitive) To milk a cow, especially by stroking and compressing the teats to draw out the last of the milk.

strip off v
lom nocht rúisc scamh scoith
(intransitive) To be removed by stripping

stripe /stɹaɪp/ /stɹʌɪp/ stripes n
síog
A long region of a single colour in a repeating pattern of similar regions.

striped /stɹaɪpt/ adj
riabhach
Having stripes, decorated or marked with bands differing in color.

stripling /ˈstɹɪplɪŋ/ striplings n
gas
(archaic, also, attributive, sometimes, humorous) A young man in the state of adolescence, or just passing from boyhood to manhood; a lad. [from 14th c.].

stripper /stɹɪpə/ /stɹɪpɚ/ /ʃkɹɪpə/ strippers n
gamhnach
A cow that has nearly stopped giving milk, so that it can be obtained from her only by stripping.

strive /ˈstɹaɪv/ v
bí ag dréim
To try to achieve a result; to make strenuous effort; to try earnestly and persistently.
bí ag coimhlint
To struggle in opposition; to be in contention or dispute; to contend; to contest.

stroke /stɹoʊk/ /stɹəʊk/ strokes n
béim
An act of hitting; a blow, a hit.

stroke /stɹoʊk/ /stɹəʊk/ v
slíoc
To move one's hand or an object (such as a broom or brush) along (a surface) in one direction, touching it lightly; to caress.

stroke order stroke orders n
ord stríoca
the standard sequence in which a Chinese character is written in Chinese, Japanese or Korean writing

stroll /stɹoʊl/ /stɹəʊl/ strolls n
spaisteoireacht
A wandering on foot; an idle and leisurely walk; a ramble.

stroll /stɹoʊl/ /stɹəʊl/ v
meallac téigh ag spaisteoireacht
To wander on foot; to ramble idly or leisurely; to rove.

stroller strollers n
bugaí
(US, Canada, Australia) A seat or chair on wheels, pushed by somebody walking behind it, typically used for transporting babies and young children.
válcaeir
One who strolls.

strolling strollings n
vardaíl válcaeireacht
The taking of a stroll.

strong /stɹɑŋ/ /stɹɒŋ/ /stɹɔŋ/ [st̠͡ɹ̠ɑŋ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɒŋ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɔŋ] [ʃt̠͡ɹ̠ɑŋ] [ʃt̠͡ɹ̠ɒŋ] [ʃt̠͡ɹ̠ɔŋ] [ʃt͡ʃɹɔŋ] stronger strongest adj
balcánta urrúsach
láidir bríomhar calma neartmhar tréan urrúnta
Capable of producing great physical force.
láidir urrúnta
Capable of withstanding great physical force.
borb garg
Having an offensive or intense odor or flavor.

stronghold /ˈstɹɒŋhəʊld/ /ˈstɹɔŋˌhoʊld/ strongholds n
daingean dún
A place built to withstand attack; a fortress.

strongly /stɹɑŋli/ /stɹɒŋli/ /stɹɔŋli/ more strongly most strongly stronglier strongliest adv
go láidir
In a strong or powerful manner.

strontium /ˈstɹɒn.ti.əm/ strontiums n
strointiam
The metallic chemical element (symbol Sr) with an atomic number of 38. It is a soft, reactive, silvery alkaline earth metal.

structural more structural most structural adj
imchruthach
Of, relating to, or having structure.

structure /ˈstɹʌk(t)ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈstɹʌkt͡ʃɚ/ [ˈstɹɐk(t)ʃə(ɹ)] [ˈstʃɹɐktʃə] structures n
struchtúr
A cohesive whole built up of distinct parts.
The underlying shape of a solid.
The overall form or organization of something.
(computing) Several pieces of data treated as a unit.

struggle /ˈstrʌɡəl/ [ˈstɹʌɡl̩] struggles n
sníomh
(figurative) Strife, contention, great effort.

struggle /ˈstrʌɡəl/ [ˈstɹʌɡl̩] v
streachail
To strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight (for or against), to contend.

strumpet /ˈstɹʌm.pɪt/ strumpets n
striapach
A female prostitute.
(derogatory) A trollop; a whore.

stub /stʊb/ /stʌb/ stubs n
snab snabóg
Something blunted, stunted, or cut short, such as stubble or a stump.

stubborn /ˈstʊbən/ /ˈstʌbən/ /ˈstʌbɚn/ stubborner stubbornest adj
ceanndána stalcach stalcánta stuacach
Refusing to move or to change one's opinion; obstinate; firmly resisting; persistent in doing something.

stubbornness /ˈstʌbən(n)əs/ /ˈstʌbɚn(n)əs/ stubbornnesses n
ceanndánacht
The state of being stubborn.

stud /stʌd/ studs n
graíre
A male animal, especially a stud horse (stallion), kept for breeding.
A female animal, especially a studmare (broodmare), kept for breeding.

student /ˈstjuː.dənt/ /ˈstu.dənt/ /ˈst͡ʃuː.dənt/ students n
mac léinn
A person who studies or learns about a particular subject.
(in particular) A person who is enrolled at a college or university (as contrasted with a pupil or schoolchild attending a primary or secondary school).
dalta mac léinn
A person who is formally enrolled at a school, a college or university, or another educational institution.

studio /ˈstjuːdiəʊ/ /ˈstudioʊ/ /ˈst͡ʃuːdiəʊ/ studios n
stiúideo
An artist’s or photographer’s workshop or the room in which an artist works.
An establishment where an art is taught.
A place where radio or television programs, records or films are made.
A company or organization that makes films, records or other artistic works.

study /ˈstʌdi/ studies n
staidéar
Mental effort to acquire knowledge or learning.
seomra staidéir
A room in a house intended for reading and writing; traditionally the private room of the male head of household.

study /ˈstʌdi/ v
déan staidéar

study hall study halls n
halla halla staidéir
(North America) A class period, usually in boarding school or high school, where students are afforded the time for independent study and homework assignments, as part of the curriculum or after hours, the last notably as a punishment called detention.

stuff /stʌf/ stuffs n
stuif
(informal) Miscellaneous items or objects; (with possessive) personal effects.
mianach
The tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object.

stumble /ˈstʌmbəl/ v
tuisligh
(transitive, figurative) To mislead; to confound; to cause to err or to fall.

stump /stʌmp/ stumps n
stoc
The remains of something that has been cut off; especially the remains of a tree, the remains of a limb.

stump orator stump orators n
cainteoir aonaigh
A politician who will speak from any available soapbox about any issue that comes up.

stunner stunners n
leadhb spéirbhean
(colloquial, variant spelling "stunna") A woman of stunning beauty (often hyperbolically), a knockout.

stupid /st͡ʃjuː.pɪd/ /ˈst(j)u.pɪd/ /ˈstjuː.pɪd/ /ˈʃtjuː.pɪd/ /ˈʃt͡ʃjʉː.pəd/ more stupid most stupid stupider stupidest adj
ainbhiosach dúr mórcheannach
(of animates) Lacking in intelligence.
Exhibiting the quality of having been done by someone lacking in intelligence.

sturdy /ˈstɜrdi/ /ˈstɜːdi/ sturdier sturdiest adj
cruadhéanta
Of firm build; stiff; stout; strong.

sturgeon /ˈstɜːd͡ʒən/ /ˈstɝd͡ʒən/ sturgeon sturgeons n
bradán fearna
Any marine or freshwater fish of the family Acipenseridae that are prized for their roe and are endemic to temperate seas and rivers of the northern hemisphere, especially central Eurasia.

stutter /ˈstʌtə/ /ˈstʌtɚ/ stutters n
maolteanga

sty /staɪ/ sties styes n
cró muc cró muice
A pen or enclosure for swine.

style /staɪl/ styles n
stíl
(botany) The stalk that connects the stigma(s) to the ovary in a pistil of a flower.
A particular manner of creating, doing, or presenting something, especially a work of architecture or art.

style guide style guides n
treoir stíle
A set of standards for design and writing of documents, either for general use or for a specific publication or organization, including standards on typography, grammar, or punctuation.

stylesheet /ˈstaɪlʃiːt/ stylesheets n
bileog stíle stílbhileog
(web design) A document consisting of markup that describes the layout and presentation to be used when displaying other documents.

stylish /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/ more stylish most stylish adj
galánta
Having elegance or taste or refinement in manners or dress.

stymie /ˈstaɪmi/ v
caoch déan idirluí ar
To thwart or stump; to cause to fail or to leave hopelessly puzzled, confused, or stuck.

sub-Saharan adj
fo-Shahárach
Of or pertaining to that part of Africa which lies south of the Sahara Desert.

sub-Saharan Africa pn
Afraic fho-Shahárach
Africa south of the Sahara, particularly used to distinguish the areas chiefly populated by dark-skinned peoples.

sub-system sub-systems n
fochóras
A group of related components that are part of a larger system.

subalpine more subalpine most subalpine adj
fo-alpach
At the foot of the Alps

subaltern /sʌbˈɔltərn/ /ˈsʌbəltɚn/ subalterns n
fo-oifigeach

subarctic /sʌbˈɑːktɪk/ /sʌbˈɑːtɪk/ adj
fo-artach
Of, relating to, or characteristic of the subarctic.

subatomic adj
fo-adamhach
(physics) Relating to particles that are constituents of the atom, or are smaller than an atom; such as proton, neutron, electron, etc.

subcategory subcategories n
fochatagóir
(category theory) A subclass of a category which is itself a category, whose arrows are a restriction of the arrows of the parent category, and whose composition rule is a restriction of the parent category's

subclass subclasses n
fo-rang
fo-aicme
(taxonomy) A rank directly below class.
(object-oriented programming) An object class derived from another class (its superclass) from which it inherits a base set of properties and methods.

subclavian /səbˈkleɪ.vi.ən/ adj
fo-chlabhach
(anatomy) Relating to or denoting an artery or vein which serves the neck and arm on the left or right side of the body.

subcommittee /ˈsʌb.kəˌmɪti/ subcommittees n
fochoiste
A committee formed by an existing committee, comprising a subset of its members.

subconsciousness n
fo-chomhfhios
The state of being subconscious.

subcontinent subcontinents n
fo-ilchríoch
A large landmass which is either smaller than a continent (such as Greenland), or part of an even larger continent (such as the Indian subcontinent).

subcontract v
fochonradh
(ambitransitive) To contract out portions of a larger contracted project.

subcontractor subcontractors n
fochonraitheoir
A contractor hired by a general contractor employed by the contractor rather than directly hired by the customer.

subculture /ˈsʌbˌkʌltʃɚ/ subcultures n
fochultúr
A portion of a culture distinguished by its customs or other features, often in contrast to the larger mainstream culture.

subcutaneous /sʌbkjuːˈteɪnɪəs/ more subcutaneous most subcutaneous adj
fo-chraicneach
Pertaining to the fatty layer under the skin.

subdeacon subdeacons n
fodheagánach
(Catholicism, chiefly, historical) A Catholic clerical rank in the major orders below that of a deacon.

subdermal adj
fo-chraicneach
just below the skin

subdirectory subdirectories n
fochomhadlann fofhillteán
(computing) A directory located inside another directory.

subdiscipline subdisciplines n
fodhisciplín
A field of study or work that is related to one aspect, but not the whole, of a broader field of study or work.

subdominant subdominants n
focheannasach
(music) The fourth tone of a scale.

subdue /səbˈdjuː/ /səbˈdu/ /səbˈdʒuː/ /sʌb-/ v
ceansaigh traoch
(transitive) To overcome, quieten, or bring under control.

subdwarf subdwarfs n
fo-abhac
(star) A star that is dimmer than a main-sequence star of same temperature; located below the main sequence on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.

subedit v
fo-eagraigh
(ambitransitive) To perform the work of a subeditor or copy editor.

subeditor subeditors n
fo-eagarthóir
An assistant editor, usually in a specific department of a newspaper.

subequatorial adj
fo-mheánchiorclach
(geography) Belonging to a region adjacent to an equatorial area.

subfolder subfolders n
fochomhadlann fofhillteán
(computing) A folder within another folder.

subgenre subgenres n
fosheánra
One of several categories within a particular genre.

subgiant subgiants n
fo-fhathach
(astronomy) A star that has left the main sequence but has not yet become a true giant star.

subgroup /ˈsʌbˌɡɹuːp/ subgroups n
foghrúpa
A group within a larger group; a group whose members are some, but not all, of the members of a larger group.

subharmonic more subharmonic most subharmonic adj
fo-armónach
(physics) Having a frequency that is a fraction of a fundamental frequency

subharmonic subharmonics n
fo-armónach
Such a frequency

subheading subheadings n
fo-cheannteideal fo-mhírcheann fo-rúibric fotheideal
a heading or caption subordinate to a main headline, heading, or title especially when inserted as a divider between sections (as of a newspaper or periodical article or story or text of a book)

subhuman [sʌbˈhjuːmən] more subhuman most subhuman adj
fodhaonna
Less than human; lacking characteristics of a human.

subject /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɪkt/ subjects n
ainmní
(grammar) The noun, pronoun or noun phrase about whom the statement is made. In active clauses with verbs denoting an action, the subject is the actor. In clauses in the passive voice the subject is the target of the action.

subject /səbˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /sʌbˈd͡ʒɛkt/ v
cuir faoi cuir faoi phróiseas
(transitive, construed with to) To cause (someone or something) to undergo a particular experience, especially one that is unpleasant or unwanted.

subjunctive /səbˈd͡ʒʌŋktɪv/ adj
foshuiteach
(grammar, of a verb) Inflected to indicate that an act or state of being is possible, contingent or hypothetical, and not a fact.

subjunctive mood subjunctive moods n
modh foshuiteach
(grammar) Mood expressing an action or state which is hypothetical or anticipated rather than actual, including wishes and commands.

sublease subleases n
foléas
(property law) A lease sublet by a tenant or lessee to a subtenant.

subliminal /səˈblɪm.ɪ.nəl/ /ˌsabˈlɪm.ɪ.nəl/ [səˈblɪm.ɪ.nl̩] [ˌsabˈlɪm.ɪ.nl̩] [ˌsʌbˈlɪm.ɪ.nl̩] more subliminal most subliminal adj
fo-thairseachúil
(physiology) Of a stimulus: below the limen or threshold of conscious perception, especially if still able to produce a response; also (generally) , below the threshold where a response can be produced. [from late 19th c.]

sublittoral adj
fo-chladachúil
Under the shore.

submachine gun submachine guns n
fo-mheaisínghunna
A type of short range machine gun that is carried as a personal weapon and uses pistol ammunition.

submanager submanagers n
fo-bhainisteoir
A manager who is subordinate to another manager.

submarine /sʌb.məˈɹin/ /sʌb.məˈɹiːn/ /ˈsʌb.mə.ɹin/ adj
faoi uisce fomhuirí
Hidden or undisclosed.

submarine /sʌb.məˈɹin/ /sʌb.məˈɹiːn/ /ˈsʌb.mə.ɹin/ submarines n
fomhuireán
A boat that can go underwater.

submediant submediants n
fomheánach
(music) The sixth note of a scale, shown as VI.

submenu submenus n
fo-roghchlár
(computing, graphical user interface) A secondary menu available through another menu, especially one that branches off the first.

submerge /səbˈmɜːd͡ʒ/ /səbˈmɝd͡ʒ/ v
tum
(transitive) To put into a liquid; to immerse; to plunge into and keep in.

submersion submersions n
folcadh iombhá

submission /səbˈmɪʃən/ submissions n
cur isteach géilleadh tabhairt isteach taisceadh umhlú
The act of submitting or yielding; surrender.
The act of submitting or giving e.g. a completed piece of work.
aighneacht
The thing which has been submitted.
géilleadh
A submission hold in wrestling, mixed martial arts, or other combat sports.

submit /səbˈmɪt/ v
géill tabhair isteach umhlaigh
(intransitive) To yield or give way to another.
aighnigh cuir isteach áitigh
(ambitransitive) To enter or put forward for approval, consideration, marking etc.

submultiple submultiples n
fomhéadaí
(science) A quantity that gives another quantity when multiplied by an integer

subnormal more subnormal most subnormal adj
fonormálta
Less than normal.

suboffice suboffices n
fo-oifig
A subsidiary office; a subsidiary building or room where clerical or professional duties are performed.

suborder suborders n
fo-ord
(taxonomy) A taxonomic category below order and above infraorder.

subordinate /səˈboːdɪnæɪt/ /səˈboːdɪnət/ /səˈbɔɹdɪneɪt/ /səˈbɔɹdɪnət/ /səˈbɔːdɪneɪt/ /səˈbɔːdɪnət/ more subordinate most subordinate adj
fo-ordaithe íochtaránach
Placed in a lower class, rank, or position.
Submissive or inferior to, or controlled by authority.
fo-ordaithe
(grammar, of a clause, not comparable) dependent on and either modifying or complementing the main clause

subordinate /səˈboːdɪnæɪt/ /səˈboːdɪnət/ /səˈbɔɹdɪneɪt/ /səˈbɔɹdɪnət/ /səˈbɔːdɪneɪt/ /səˈbɔːdɪnət/ v
fo-ordaigh
(transitive) To make subservient.
(transitive) To treat as of less value or importance.

subordinate clause subordinate clauses n
fochlásal
(grammar) A clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence, but functions as either a noun, adjective or adverb in a sentence.

subparagraph subparagraphs n
fo-alt fopharagraf
Part of a longer paragraph that can be considered alone, as in a legal document.

subplot subplots n
fo-phlota
A plot within a story, subsidiary to the main plot.

subpolar adj
fopholach
Situated below the poles

subprogram subprograms n
fo-ríomhchlár
(computing) A program contained within a larger program

subregion subregions n
foréigiún
A region that is part of a larger region.

subsalt subsalts n
foshalann
(chemistry, archaic) A basic salt.

subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/ v
foscríobh
(ergative) To sign up to have copies of a publication, such as a newspaper or a magazine, delivered for a period of time.

subscriber /səbˈskɹaɪbɚ/ subscribers n
foscríobhaí
A person who subscribes to a publication or a service.

subscript subscripts n
foscript
(typography) A type of lettering form written lower than the things around it.

subscription /səbˈskɹɪpʃən/ subscriptions n
liostáil síntiús
Access to a resource for a period of time, generally for payment.
síntiús
Contributing or promising to contribute money to a common fund.

subsection subsections n
fo-alt
A defined part of a section.
(legal) A subpart of a legal document such as law.

subsequence subsequences n
fosheicheamh
(mathematics) A sequence that is contained within a larger one.

subservience subserviences n
spleá spleáchas
The state of being subservient.

subservient more subservient most subservient adj
spleách
Obsequiously submissive.

subset /ˈsʌbˌsɛt/ subsets n
fo-thacar
(set theory, of a set S) A set A such that every element of A is also an element of S.

subshell subshells n
fosceall
(chemistry, physics) Atomic orbitals for which the values of the n and l quantum numbers are the same, such as the three 2p or five 3d atomic orbitals.

subside /səbˈsaɪd/ /sʌbˈsaɪd/ v
síothlaigh
(intransitive) To fall into a state of calm; to be calm again; to settle down; to become tranquil; to abate.

subsidiary /sʌbˈsɪ.di.əɹ.i/ /sʌbˈsɪ.dəɹ.i/ /sʌbˈsɪ.d͡ʒəɹ.i/ subsidiaries n
fochomhlacht
A company owned by a parent company or a holding company, also called daughter company or sister company.

subsistence /səbˈsɪstəns/ subsistences n
cothabháil
The act of maintaining oneself at a minimum level.
(theology) Embodiment or personification or hypostasis of an underlying principle or quality.

subsoil subsoils n
fo-ithir gaíon
The layer of earth that is below the topsoil.

subsonic adj
foshonach
(of a speed) (aviation) less than the speed of sound (in the same medium, and at the same temperature and pressure)

subspecies /-siːz/ /-ʃɪz/ /ˈsʌbspiːʃiːz/ subspecies n
fospeiceas
(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below species.

substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ [ˈsʌbstənts] substances n
damhna
A form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties.
mianach damhna
Physical matter; material.

substandard /ˌsʌbˈstændəd/ /ˌsʌbˈstændɚd/ more substandard most substandard adj
fochaighdeánach
Of inferior quality; not meeting the minimum quality requirements.

substantial /səbˈstænʃəl/ more substantial most substantial adj
téagartha
Having good substance; strong; stout; solid; firm.
mór nach beag suntasach
Large in size, quantity, or value; ample; significant.

substantival /ˌsʌbstənˈtaɪvəl/ adj
ainmfhoclach
(grammar) Of or pertaining to a substantive.

substantive /səbˈstæntɪv/ /ˈsʌbstəntɪv/ more substantive most substantive adj
ábhartha
Of the essence or essential element of a thing.
Having substance; enduring; solid; firm; substantial.

substantive verb substantive verbs n
briathar substainteach
(linguistics) In the Goidelic languages, a copular verb meaning “to be” that is used with predicates that are prepositional phrases, adverbs, or adjectives, but not with predicates that are noun phrases: Old Irish at·tá, Irish bí (present tá), Scottish Gaelic bi (present tha), Manx bee (present ta).

substation substations n
fostáisiún

substituent [sʌbˈstɪtʃuənt] substituents n
ionadán malartaí
(chemistry) Any atom, group, or radical substituted for another, or entering a molecule in place of some other part which is removed.

substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtjut/ /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/ /ˈsʌbstɪtut/ /ˈsʌbstɪtʃuːt/ substitutes n
bean ionaid fear ionaid ionadaí
(sports) A player who is available to replace another if the need arises, and who may or may not actually do so.

substitution /ˌsʌbstəˈtuʃən/ /ˌsʌbstɪˈtjuːʃən/ substitutions n
malartaíocht
(chemistry, especially, organic chemistry) The replacement of an atom, or group of atoms, in a compound, with another.

substrate /ˈsʌbstɹeɪt/ substrates n
foshraith
An underlying layer; a substratum.
substráit
(biology) A surface on which an organism grows, or to which an organism or an item is attached.

substratum substrata n
bunsraith foshraith fostratam
A layer that lies underneath another.

substructure substructures n
fostruchtúr
The supporting part of a structure (either physical or organizational; the foundation).

subsume /səbˈsjuːm/ /səbˈsuːm/ v
fo-ghlac
To place (any one cognition) under another as belonging to it; to include or contain something else.

subtenant subtenants n
fothionónta
(property law) A tenant of a sublease.

subtitle /ˈsʌbtaɪtəl/ subtitles n
fotheideal
(authorship) A heading below or after a title.
(cinematography, television) Textual versions of the dialogue in films (and similar media such as television or video games), usually displayed at the bottom of the screen.

subtitle /ˈsʌbtaɪtəl/ v
fotheidealaigh
To create subtitles for the dialogue in a film.

subtitled adj
fotheidealaithe le fotheidil
(of a film) in which the dialogue is translated into another language, and displayed, in text, at the bottom of the screen.

subtitler subtitlers n
fotheidealóir
Someone who translates subtitles.
A software package that assists in creating subtitles for movies, documentaries, etc.

subtitling subtitlings n
fotheidealú

subtle /ˈsʌt(ə)l/ [ˈsʌɾɫ̩] more subtle most subtle subtler subtlest adj
caolchúiseach
Hard to grasp; not obvious or easily understood.
(of a thing) Cleverly contrived.
glic
(of a person or animal) Cunning, skillful.

subtotal subtotals n
fo-iomlán
The total for a part of a list of numbers being summed.

subtropical adj
fo-theochriosach fothrópaiceach
Pertaining to the regions of the Earth further from the equator than the tropical regions.

suburb /ˈsʌbɜːb/ /ˈsʌbɝb/ suburbs n
bruachbhaile fo-bhaile
A residential area located on the outskirts of a city or large town that usually includes businesses that cater to its residents; such as schools, grocery stores, shopping centers, restaurants, convenience stores, etc.
barda barda cathrach
(AU, Ireland, NZ, UK) Any subdivision of a conurbation, not necessarily on the periphery.

suburban /səˈbɜː(ɹ)bən/ more suburban most suburban adj
bruachbhailteach fo-bhailteach fo-uirbeach
Relating to or characteristic of or situated on the outskirts of a city.

suburbanite /sə.ˈbɜ˞.bə.naɪt/ suburbanites n
bruachbhailteach fo-bhailteach
(informal) Someone who lives in the suburbs.

suburbanization suburbanizations n
fo-uirbiú
The process of suburbanizing, of population movement from cities to suburbs

subway /ˈsʌbˌweɪ/ [ˈsʌbˌweɪ̯] subways n
traein faoi thalamh
(North America, Scotland, South Africa) A train that runs on such an underground railway.
traein faoi thalamh íosbhealach
(British) An underground walkway, tunnel for pedestrians (called pedestrian underpass in US).

subwoofer subwoofers n
fo-dhordaire
An electronic speaker designed to produce low-frequency sound, especially bass.

success /səkˈsɛs/ successes n
áitheas
The achievement of one's aim or goal. [from 16th c.]

successful /səkˈsɛs.fl̩/ more successful most successful adj
áitheasach
Resulting in success; assuring, or promoting, success; accomplishing what was proposed; having the desired effect

succulent /ˈsʌkjələnt/ more succulent most succulent adj
súmhar
Juicy or lush.
(botany) Having fleshy leaves or other tissues that store water.

succulent /ˈsʌkjələnt/ succulents n
planda súmhar súmharán
A succulent plant.

such is life phraseologicalUnit
sin an saol
Used to express the acceptance of misfortune in one's life.

suck /sʊk/ /sʌk/ v
súigh
(transitive) To use the mouth and lips to pull in (a liquid, especially milk from the breast). [from 9th c.]
(transitive) To put the mouth or lips to (a breast, a mother etc.) to draw in milk. [from 11th c.]

sucker /ˈsʌk.ə/ /ˈsʌk.ɚ/ suckers n
súmaire
A thing that works by sucking something.
meathán
A small piece of leather, usually round, having a string attached to the center, which, when saturated with water and pressed upon a stone or other body having a smooth surface, adheres, by reason of the atmospheric pressure, with such force as to enable a considerable weight to be thus lifted by the string; formerly used by children as a plaything.
súiteoir
An animal such as the octopus and remora, which adhere to other bodies with such organs.

suckle /ˈsʌ.kəl/ v
diúl tál
(transitive) To give suck to; to nurse at the breast, udder, or dugs.

suckling pig suckling pigs n
banbh balláin
An unweaned pig, especially one whose carcass is roasted whole on a spit.

sucrose /ˈsjuːkɹəʊz/ /ˈsukɹoʊs/ /ˈsuːkɹəʊz/ sucroses n
siúcrós
(carbohydrate) A disaccharide with formula C12H22O11, consisting of two simple sugars, glucose and fructose; normal culinary sugar.

suction cup /ˈsʌkʃən kʌp/ suction cups n
cupa súcháin
A cup made of flexible material, such as rubber, that uses suction as an adhesive.

sudden /ˈsʌdən/ [ˈsʌdn̩] suddener suddenest adj
tobann
Happening quickly and with little or no warning.

suddenly /ˈsʌdn̩li/ more suddenly most suddenly adv
go tobann de gheit
Happening quickly and with little or no warning; in a sudden manner.

suddenness suddennesses n
aibéil
The state of being sudden.

sudoku /su-/ /suː-/ /sə-/ /sʊˈdoʊku/ /sʊˈdukoʊ/ /sʊˈduku/ /sʊˈduːku/ /sʊˈdɑku/ /sʊˈdɒku/ /sʊˈdəʊku/ /ˈsu-/ /ˈsuː-/ /ˈsʊdoʊku/ /ˈsʊdukoʊ/ /ˈsʊduku/ /ˈsʊduːku/ /ˈsʊdɑku/ /ˈsʊdɒku/ /ˈsʊdəʊku/ sudokus n
súdócú sūdoku
(games, puzzles) A type of pencil puzzle played on a square grid, requiring each of the columns, each of the rows, and each of the subregions (called "boxes" or "regions") to contain the lowest whole numbers up to the dimension of the puzzle, usually 1 to 9, once each. The subregions are rectangular or square except in variants.

suds /sʌdz/ n
sobal
(countable, uncountable) Lather; foam or froth formed by mixing soap and water.

sue /sjuː/ /suː/ /sɪu̯/ v
agair
(transitive) To file a legal action against someone, generally a non-criminal action.

suede /swed/ /sweɪd/ suedes n
craiceann fiaghabhair svaeid
A type of soft leather, made from calfskin, with a brushed texture to resemble fabric, often used to make boots, clothing and fashion accessories.

sufficiency sufficiencies n
leorgacht
(uncountable) The quality or condition of being sufficient.
leordhóthain sáith
(countable) An adequate amount.

suffix /səˈfɪks/ /ˈsʌfɪks/ suffixes n
iarmhír
(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added at the end of a word to modify the word's meaning.

suffocate /ˈsʌfəkeɪt/ /ˈsʌfəkət/ v
plúch
(ergative) To suffer, or cause someone to suffer, from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body.
(ergative) To die due to, or kill someone by means of, insufficient oxygen supply to the body.

suffocation suffocations n
múchadh plúchadh
(countable) A particular act of death or killing by means of asphyxia.

sugan /ˈʃuː.ɡɔːn/ sugans n
cathaoir shúgáin
(Ireland) A wooden chair with a seat made from woven straw or twine stretched over the frame.

sugar /ˈʃʊɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ interjection
siúcra
(minced oath) Shit!

sugar /ˈʃʊɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ sugars n
siúcra
(uncountable) Sucrose in the form of small crystals, obtained from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink.
(countable, chemistry) Any of various small carbohydrates that are used by organisms to store energy.

suggest /sə(ɡ)ˈd͡ʒɛst/ /səˈd͡ʒɛst/ v
mol
(transitive) To cause one to suppose (something); to bring to one's mind the idea (of something).

suggestible more suggestible most suggestible adj
inmheabhraíoch
Susceptible to influence by suggestion; easily swayed.

suicidal /ˌs(j)uː.ɪˈsaɪ.dəl/ /ˌsu.əˈsaɪ.dəl/ /ˌsu.ɪ-/ more suicidal most suicidal adj
i riocht tú fein a mharú
(of a person) Likely to commit, or to attempt to commit, suicide.
féinmharfach
(of a voluntarily-chosen course of action) Highly likely to certain to result in the deaths of the participants; dangerous or reckless to such a degree as to be tantamount to suicide for those taking part.

suicide /ˈs(j)uːɪˌsaɪd/ /ˈsuɪˌsaɪd/ suicides n
féinmharú
(countable) A particular instance of a person intentionally killing themselves, or of multiple people doing so.
féinmharfóir
(countable) A person who has intentionally killed themselves.

suit /sjuːt/ /sut/ /suːt/ /sɪu̯t/ /sʉt/ suits n
culaith
(card games) Each of the sets of a pack of cards distinguished by color and/or specific emblems, such as the spades, hearts, diamonds, or clubs of traditional Anglo, Hispanic, and French playing cards.

suit /sjuːt/ /sut/ /suːt/ /sɪu̯t/ /sʉt/ v
oir
(transitive, figurative) To be appropriate or apt for.

suitability /ˌsjuːtəˈbɪlɪti/ /ˌsuːtəˈbɪlɪti/ suitabilities n
oiriúint oiriúnacht
The quality of being suitable.

suitable /ˈsjuːtəbl/ /ˈsuːtəbl/ more suitable most suitable adj
fóirsteanach oiriúnach
Having sufficient or the required properties for a certain purpose or task; appropriate to a certain occasion.

suitcase /ˈs(j)uːtkeɪs/ /ˈsutkeɪs/ suitcases n
cás
A large (usually rectangular) piece of luggage used for carrying clothes, and sometimes suits, when travelling.

suite /swiːt/ suites n
cóisir
A group or train of attendants, servants etc.; a retinue. [from 16th c.]

suitor /ˈsjuːtə/ /ˈsutɚ/ /ˈsuːtə/ suitors n
suiríoch
One who pursues someone, especially a woman, for a romantic relationship or marriage; a wooer; one who falls in love with or courts someone.
agróir gearánaí
(law) A party to a suit or litigation.

sulfide sulfides n
suilfíd
(American spelling, chemistry) Any compound of sulfur and a metal or other electropositive element or group.

sulfite /ˈsʌlfaɪt/ sulfites n
suilfít
(American spelling, inorganic chemistry) Any salt of sulfurous acid.

sulfur /ˈsʌl.fə/ /ˈsʌl.fɚ/ sulfurs n
ruibh sulfar
(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol S) with an atomic number of 16.

sulfuric /sʌlˈfjuɹɪk/ /sʌlˈfjʊəɹɪk/ adj
ruibheach
(American spelling, chemistry) Of, or relating to sulfur, especially in its higher oxidation state

sulk /sʌlk/ sulks n
stuaic tormas
A state of sulking.

sulky /ˈsʌlki/ sulkier sulkiest adj
borrphusach smuilceach smutach stalcach stancánach stuacach
(often, derogatory) silent and withdrawn after being upset

sully /ˈsʌli/ v
salaigh
(transitive) To soil or stain; to dirty.

sultan /ˈsʌltən/ salateen sultans n
sabhdán
A hereditary ruler in various Muslim states (sultanate), varying from petty principalities (as in Yemen), often vassal of a greater ruler, to independent realms, such as Oman, Brunei, Morocco (until 1956) or an empire such as the Turkish Ottoman Empire.

sultana /ˌsʌlˈtæn.ə/ /ˌsʌlˈtɑ.nə/ /ˌsʌlˈtɑː.nə/ sultanas n
bansabhdán bean sabhdáin
A wife or mistress of a sultan.
sabhdánach
A type of viol, a cither viol.

sultanate /ˈsʌltənət/ sultanates n
sabhdánacht
A sovereign or vassal princely state—usually Muslim—where the ruler is styled sultan.

sultry /ˈsəl-/ /ˈsʌltɹi/ sultrier sultriest adj
macnasach
(figuratively) Sexually enthralling.

sumac /ˈs(j)uːmæk/ /ˈsu-/ /ˈsuːˌmæk/ /ˈʃuː-/ sumacs n
sumach
Any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Rhus and other genera in Anacardiaceae

summarize /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/ v
achoimrigh
(ambitransitive) To prepare a summary of (something).
(ambitransitive) To give a recapitulation of the salient facts; to recapitulate or review.

summary /ˈsʌməɹi/ more summary most summary adj
achomair
Concise, brief or presented in a condensed form

summary /ˈsʌməɹi/ summaries n
achoimre achoimriú
An abstract or a condensed presentation of the substance of a body of material.

summer /ˈsʌmə(ɹ)/ /ˈsʌmɚ/ summers n
samhradh
One of four seasons, traditionally the second, marked by the longest and typically hottest days of the year due to the inclination of the Earth and thermal lag. Typically regarded as being from June 21 to September 22 or 23 in parts of the USA, the months of June, July and August in the United Kingdom and the months of December, January and February in the Southern Hemisphere.

summer camp summer camps n
campa samhraidh
An institution devoted to housing and entertaining children for the summer.

summer solstice summer solstices n
grianstad an tsamhraidh
(astronomy) The moment when the Earth is in that point of its orbit where the northern or southern hemisphere is most inclined toward the sun.

summit /ˈsʌmət/ /ˈsʌmɪt/ summits n
uachtar mullach
The highest point of a hill, mountain, or similar geographical feature.

summons /ˈsʌ.mənz/ summonses n
toghairm
A call to do something, especially to come.
fógra toghairm
(legal) A notice summoning someone to appear in court, as a defendant, juror or witness.

sumptuous /ˈsʌmpt͡ʃuəs/ more sumptuous most sumptuous adj
costasach costasúil
Magnificent, luxurious, splendid.

sun /sʌn/ suns n
grian
(astronomy) A star, especially when seen as the centre of any single solar system.
The light and warmth which is received from the sun; sunshine or sunlight.
(figurative) Something like the sun in brightness or splendor.

sun /sʌn/ pn
grian
The star that the Earth revolves around and from which it receives light and warmth.

sun /sʌn/ v
grian
(transitive) To expose to the warmth and radiation of the sun.

sun bear sun bears n
béar gréine
A species of relatively small bears, Helarctos malayanus, found in Southeast Asia.

sun shower sun showers n
cith gealáin múirín gréine
(climatology) A rain shower which occurs while the sun is shining.

sunbathe /ˈsʌnbeɪð/ v
déan bolg le gréin
(intransitive) To expose one's body to the sun in order to relax or to obtain a suntan.

sunbathing n
bolg le gréin
The act of lying outdoors exposed to the sun, usually wearing little or no clothing, especially in order to get a tan.

sunbird sunbirds n
éan gréine
A bird belonging to any of several species in the family Nectariniidae.

sunbonnet sunbonnets n
boinéad gréine
A hat (bonnet) worn for protection from bright sunlight.
A plant of the genera Leibnitzia or Chaptalia, native to Asia and the Americas.

sunburn /ˈsʌnbɜːn/ /ˈsʌnbɝn/ sunburns n
dó gréine griandó
A burn on the skin caused by excess exposure to the sun's rays.

sundeck /ˈsʌnˌdɛk/ sundecks n
deic gréine
An area on a ship's deck or on the roof of a house used for sunbathing.

sundial /ˈsʌnˌdaɪ.əl/ sundials n
clog gréine
A device measuring the time of day by the position of a shadow cast by a pole or plate (gnomon) upon an engraved series of marks.

sunflower /ˈsʌn.flaʊ.ə/ /ˈsʌn.flaʊ.ɚ/ sunflowers n
lus na gréine
A bright yellow, like that of the flower petals.

sunny /ˈsʌni/ sunnier sunniest adj
grianmhar
(of weather or a day) Featuring a lot of sunshine.

sunrise /ˈsʌnɹaɪz/ sunrises n
éirí na gréine
The time of day when the sun appears above the eastern horizon.

sunscreen sunscreens n
grianbhac
A topical product for the skin containing organic compounds that absorb, and/or titanium dioxide that reflects the sun's ultraviolet radiation.

sunshine /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/ sunshines n
taitneamh na gréine grian dealramh gréine solas na gréine
The direct rays, light or warmth of the sun.

supercilious /ˌs(j)u.pɚˈsɪ.li.əs/ /ˌsjuː.pə(ɹ)ˈsɪ.li.əs/ more supercilious most supercilious adj
mórtasach
Arrogantly superior; showing contemptuous indifference; haughty.

supercomputer supercomputers n
sár-ríomhaire
(computing) Any computer that has a far greater processing power than others of its generation.

superego /supɛɹiɡoʊ/ superegos n
os-mhise
(psychoanalysis) The part of the mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards that have been learnt.

superfluous /sjʊˈpɜːflu.əs/ /suˈpɝflu.əs/ /suːˈpɜːflu.əs/ more superfluous most superfluous adj
iomarcach
In excess of what is required or sufficient.

supergiant supergiants n
ollfhathach
(astronomy) A very large star having a mass between 10 and 70 solar masses.

superhero /s(j)upɚhɪɹoʊ/ superheroes n
sárlaoch
Any fictional crime-fighting character, often with supernatural powers or equipment, in popular children's and fantasy literature; a fictional hero who does great things.

superintendent /ˌsjuːpəɹɪnˈtɛndənt/ /ˌsuːpəɹɪnˈtɛndənt/ superintendents n
maor
A person who is authorized to supervise, direct or administer something.

superior /suːˈpɪə.ɹi.ə/ /sə-/ /sʉːˈpɪə.ɹiː.ə/ /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/ adj
ardchéimiúil
Higher in rank, status, or quality.

superiority /sʊuˌpɪə(ɹ).iˈɒ.ɹɪ.ti/ superiorities n
ardchéimíocht
The state of being superior.

superlative /sjuːˈpɜː.lə.tɪv/ /suˈpɝː.lə.tɪv/ /suːˈpɜː.lə.tɪv/ superlatives n
sárchéim
(grammar) The form of an adjective that expresses which of several items has the highest degree of the quality expressed by the adjective; in English, formed by appending "-est" to the end of the adjective (for some short adjectives only) or putting "most" before it.

superlative degree n
sárchéim
(grammar) adverbial or adjectival forms modified by most or ending in -est, used when comparing three or more things

superman /ˈs(j)uːpəmæn/ /ˈsupɚmæn/ supermen n
osduine
(chiefly, philosophy) An imagined superior type of human being representing a new stage of human development; an übermensch, an overman. [from 1903.]

supermarket /ˌsupɚˈmɑɹkət/ /ˌsuːpəˈmɑːkɪt/ supermarkets n
ollmhargadh
A chain of such stores.

supermoon supermoons n
mór-ré mórghealach
(astrology, astronomy) A full moon or new moon, when the Earth–Moon distance is in the lowest tenth of its range.

supernova /ˌsuː.pə(ɹ)ˈnəʊ.və/ supernovae supernovas supernovæ n
ollnóva
(star) A powerful and bright explosion of a massive star, which afterwards becomes a neutron star or a black hole, or is destroyed.

superordinate more superordinate most superordinate adj
osordaithe
Greater in degree, rank or position.

superrealism n
sár-réalachas
Art intended to portray reality as accurately as possible.

superstition /ˌs(j)u.pə(ɹ)ˈstɪ.ʃn̩/ /ˌs(j)u.pɚˈstɪ.ʃn̩/ /ˌs(j)u.pɚˈstɪ.ʃən/ /ˌs(j)uː.pə(ɹ)ˈstɪ.ʃən/ superstitions n
baothchreideamh piseog
A belief or beliefs, not based on human reason or scientific knowledge, that events may be influenced by one's behaviour in some magical or mystical way.

superstitious /ˌs(j)u.pɚˈstɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌs(j)uː.pəˈstɪ.ʃəs/ more superstitious most superstitious adj
piseogach
Susceptible to superstitions.

supersymmetry supersymmetries n
forshiméadracht
(physics) A theory that attempts to unify the fundamental physical forces and which proposes a physical symmetry between bosons and fermions.

supervillain supervillains n
sárbhithiúnach
A fantasy-fiction criminal or evil-doer, often with supernatural powers or equipment, in popular children's and fantasy literature who can present a credible challenge for a superhero.

supervisor /ˈsupɚˌvaɪzɚ/ /ˈsuːpəˌvaɪzə(ɹ)/ supervisors n
maor
(management) A person with the official task of overseeing the work of a person or group, or of other operations and activities.

supper /ˈsʌpə/ /ˈsʌpɚ/ suppers n
suipéar
Any meal eaten in the evening; dinner eaten in the evening, rather than at noon.

supple /ˈsʌpəl/ suppler supplest adj
scaoilte
Lithe and agile when moving and bending.

supplement /ˈsap.lə.mənt/ /ˈsʌp.lə.mənt/ /ˈsʌp.lɪ.mənt/ supplements n
forbhia
An extension to a document or publication that adds information, corrects errors or brings up to date.

supplement /ˈsap.lə.mənt/ /ˈsʌp.lə.mənt/ /ˈsʌp.lɪ.mənt/ v
folíon
To provide or make a supplement to something.

suppleness supplenesses n
aclaíocht leabhaireacht lúfaireacht solúbthacht umhlóid
The quality of being supple; litheness.

suppletion /səˈpliːʃən/ suppletions n
ilfhréamhachas
(linguistics, grammar) The use of an unrelated word or phrase to supply inflected forms otherwise lacking, e.g. using “to be able” as the infinitive of “can”, or “better” as the comparative of “good”, or “went” as the simple past of “go”.

suppliant /ˈsʌpliənt/ more suppliant most suppliant adj
aisceánach impíoch
Entreating with humility.

suppliant /ˈsʌpliənt/ suppliants n
iarrthóir idirghuítheoir impíoch
One who pleads or requests earnestly.

supplication /sʌplɪˈkeɪʃən/ supplications n
impí
An act of supplicating; a humble request.

supply /səˈplaɪ/ supplies n
lón
(in the plural) Provisions.

supply and demand n
soláthar agus éileamh
(economics) A capitalistic model of price determination in a market, according to which, holding all else equal in a competitive market, the unit price for a particular good will eventually settle at a point where the quantity demanded will equal the quantity supplied (at the current price).

supply chain supply chains n
slabhra soláthair
A system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer.

supply teacher supply teachers n
múinteoir ionaid
(British, Canadian) A teacher who fills a temporary position in a school on a short-term basis; often supplied by an agency.

support /səˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /səˈpoət/ /səˈpɔɹt/ /səˈpɔːt/ [səˈpʰoɹt] [səˈpʰɔɹt] [səˈpʰɔːt] supports n
branra gabháil
(sometimes, attributive) Something which supports.

support /səˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /səˈpoət/ /səˈpɔɹt/ /səˈpɔːt/ [səˈpʰoɹt] [səˈpʰɔɹt] [səˈpʰɔːt] v
iompair
(transitive) To help keep from falling.
(transitive) To help, particularly financially; to subsidize.

supporting actor supporting actors n
aisteoir tánaisteach
An actor who plays a role that is not the lead but which still represents a major character.

supportive /səˈpo(ː)ɹtɪv/ /səˈpoətɪv/ /səˈpɔɹtɪv/ /səˈpɔːtɪv/ more supportive most supportive adj
coinneálach
Providing support.

supposition /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/ suppositions n
dóigh glacan
Something that is supposed; an assumption made to account for known facts, conjecture.
forshuíomh toimhde
The act or an instance of supposing.

suppository /səˈpɑzɪˌtɔɹi/ /səˈpɒzɪtəɹi/ suppositories n
sopastóir
(medicine) A medicine in the form of a small plug that is inserted into a bodily cavity, especially the rectum, vagina or urethra, where it melts at body temperature.

suppress /səˈpɹɛs/ v
coisc
To restrain or repress, such as laughter or an expression.
To stop a flow or stream.

supraglacial more supraglacial most supraglacial adj
osoighreach
of, relating to, or situated or occurring at the surface of a glacier

supraliminal more supraliminal most supraliminal adj
ostairseachúil
(psychology) Being above the threshold of consciousness or of sensation.

supremacy /suˈpɹɛməsi/ supremacies n
ardréim
The quality of being supreme.
ardcheannas ceannas
Power over all others.

supreme /səˈpɹim/ /ˌs(j)uːˈpɹiːm/ /ˌs(j)əˈpɹiːm/ /ˌs(j)ʊˈpɹiːm/ /ˌsuˈpɹim/ more supreme most supreme supremer supremest adj
ardcheannasach
Dominant, having power over all others.

supreme court supreme courts n
ardchúirt
A court of law which represents the highest legal authority within a jurisdiction.

sure /sjuːɹ/ /sjʊəɹ/ /sɪʊ̯ɹ/ /ʃoʊ/ /ʃoː/ /ʃuɚ/ /ʃɔɹ/ /ʃɔɹ/<a:pour-poor> /ʃɔː/<a:pour-poor> /ʃɚ/<a:cure-fir> /ʃʉːɹ/ /ʃʊə/ /ʃʊɹ/ /ˈʃuːɹ/ surer surest adj
dearfa deimhin
Physically secure and certain, non-failing, reliable.

sure thing sure things n
scéal cinnte
(US) That which is certain.

surety /ˈʃɔːɹɪti/ /ˈʃʊəɹəti/ /ˈʃʊəɹɪti/ /ˈʃʊɹəti/ sureties n
urra
(legal) One who undertakes to pay money or perform other acts in the event that his principal fails therein.

surf /sɜːf/ /sɝf/ surfs n
bruth
Waves that break on an ocean shoreline.

surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ /ˈsɝːfəs/ surfaces n
dreach
The overside or up-side of a flat object such as a table, or of a liquid.
dromchla
(mathematics, geometry) The locus of an equation (especially one with exactly two degrees of freedom) in a more-than-two-dimensional space.

surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ /ˈsɝːfəs/ v
uachtar
(intransitive) To rise to the surface.

surfboard /ˈsɜːfˌbɔːd/ /ˈsɝfˌbɔɹd/ surfboards n
clár toinne tonnchlár
A shaped waterproof plank, usually made of wood or foam and reinforced plastic, used to surf on waves.

surfeit /ˈsɜː.fɪt/ /ˈsɝː.fɪt/ surfeits n
anlucht
(countable) An excessive amount of something.

surfing /ˈsɝfɪŋ/ surfings n
marcaíocht toinne
The pastime or sport of riding surf on a surfboard.

surge /sɜːd͡ʒ/ /sɝd͡ʒ/ surges n
borradh cumhachta borradh leictreachais
borradh
(aviation) A momentary reversal of the airflow through the compressor section of a jet engine due to disruption of the airflow entering the engine's air intake, accompanied by loud banging noises, emission of flame, and temporary loss of thrust.
(nautical) The swell or heave of the sea (FM 55-501).

surgeon /ˈsɜːd͡ʒən/ /ˈsɝd͡ʒən/ surgeoness surgeons n
máinlia
One who performs surgery; a doctor who performs operations on people or animals.

surgery /ˈsɜːd͡ʒəɹi/ /ˈsɝd͡ʒəɹi/ surgeries n
cur faoi scian gnáthamh máinliachta obráid
(medicine, usually, _, uncountable) A procedure involving major incisions to remove, repair, or replace a part of a body.
máinliacht
(medicine) The medical specialty related to the performance of surgical procedures.
lialann áras máinliachta
A room or department where surgery is performed.
lialann
(British) A doctor's office.

surgical /ˈsɜːd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˈsɝd͡ʒɪkəl/ more surgical most surgical adj
máinliach máinliachta
Of, relating to, used in, or resulting from surgery.
críochnúil mionchruinn mionchúiseach
(figuratively) Precise or very accurate.

surjective /səˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ /sɚˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ adj
barrtheilgeach
(mathematics) Of, relating to, or being a surjection.

surly /ˈsɜːli/ /ˈsɝli/ surlier surliest adj
bodúil dorrga mosach
Irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly.

surname /ˈsɜːˌneɪm/ /ˈsɝˌneɪm/ surnames n
sloinne
The portion of a person's name that is generally hereditary or treated as an indicator of a person's family, which may be shared with other members of the family, or otherwise derived from their names in some fashion; distinguished from that person's given name(s).

surplice /ˈsɜːplɪs/ /ˈsɝplɪs/ surplices n
suirplís
A liturgical vestment of the Christian Church in the form of a tunic of white linen or cotton material, with wide or moderately wide sleeves, reaching to the hips or knees, usually featuring lace decoration and embroidered bordures.

surplus /ˈsɜːpləs/ /ˈsɝpləs/ /ˈsɝˌplʌs/ surpluses surplusses n
brabach fuílleach
That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.

surprise /səˈpɹaɪz/ /sɚˈpɹaɪz/ surprises n
ionadh
Something unexpected.
The feeling that something unexpected has happened.

surprise /səˈpɹaɪz/ /sɚˈpɹaɪz/ v
cuir ionadh ar breith amuigh ar cuir iontas ar
(transitive) To cause (someone) to feel unusually alarmed or delighted by something unexpected.
cuir ionadh ar cuir iontas ar
(transitive) To do something to (a person) that they are not expecting, as a surprise.

surprised /səˈpɹaɪzd/ /sɚˈpɹaɪzd/ more surprised most surprised adj
ionadh a bheith ort iontas a bheith ort
Caused to feel surprise, amazement or wonder, or showing an emotion due to an unexpected event.

surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/ more surprisingly most surprisingly adv
go diail
In a way that causes surprise because it is unexpected, or unusual.

surrealism /səˈɹiː(.ə)l.ɪz.əm/ surrealisms n
osréalachas
An artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious.

surrealist more surrealist most surrealist adj
osréalach osréalaíoch
of, or relating to surrealism

surrealist surrealists n
osréalaí
a surrealist artist

surrender /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/ /səˈɹɛndɚ/ v
tabhair suas
(intransitive, or, reflexive) To give oneself up into the power of another, especially as a prisoner; to submit or give in.

surreptitiously /sʌɹəpˈtɪʃəsli/ more surreptitiously most surreptitiously adv
gan fhios
In a surreptitious manner; stealthily, furtively, secretly.

surround /səˈɹaʊnd/ v
timpeallaigh
(transitive) To encircle something or simultaneously extend in all directions.

surroundings /səˈɹaʊndɪŋz/ n
timpeallacht urthimpeall
The area surrounding someone or something, together with the objects and circumstances in the vicinity; the environment or ambiance.

survey /səˈveɪ/ /sɚˈveɪ/ /sɜːˈveɪ/ /ˈsɜːveɪ/ /ˈsɝˌveɪ/ surveys n
suirbhéireacht
The act of surveying; a general view.
The operation of finding the contour, dimensions, position, or other particulars of any part of the Earth's surface.
suirbhé
An examination of the opinions of a group of people.

surveyor surveyors n
suirbhéir
A person occupied with surveying: the process of determining positions on the earth's surface.

survival /səˈvaɪ.vəl/ /səˈvʌɪ.vəl/ /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/ survivals n
maireachtáil
The fact or act of surviving; continued existence or life.

survival of the fittest n
seasamh na dtréan
(evolutionary theory) Natural selection.

survive /səˈvaɪv/ /səˈvʌɪv/ /sɚˈvaɪv/ v
tar tar slán
(intransitive) Of a person, to continue to live; to remain alive.

susceptibility /səˌsɛptəˈbɪlɪti/ susceptibilities n
leochaileacht
the condition of being susceptible; vulnerability

sushi /ˈsuʃi/ /ˈsuːʃi/ sushis n
súisí
(proscribed) Raw fish, especially as a Japanese dish.

suspect /səˈspɛkt/ /ˈsʌs.pɛkt/ more suspect most suspect adj
amhrasach
Viewed with suspicion; suspected.

suspect /səˈspɛkt/ /ˈsʌs.pɛkt/ suspects n
amhrastach
A person who is suspected of something, in particular of committing a crime.

suspect /səˈspɛkt/ /ˈsʌs.pɛkt/ v
bí san amhras
(transitive) To imagine or suppose (something) to be true, or to exist, without proof.
amhras a bheith agat ar
(transitive) To distrust or have doubts about (something or someone).
caith amhras ar
(transitive) To believe (someone) to be guilty.
amhras a bheith agat
(intransitive) To have suspicion.

suspended cymbal suspended cymbals n
ciombal crochta
(musical instruments) a cymbal that is suspended horizontally and usually played with one or two sticks

suspension bridge suspension bridges n
droichead crochta
A bridge whose deck or roadway is suspended from cables.

suspicion /səˈspɪʃ.ən/ suspicions n
drochamhras
The act of suspecting something or someone, especially of something wrong.

suspicious /səˈspɪʃ.əs/ more suspicious most suspicious adj
amhrasach
Arousing suspicion.
Expressing suspicion
amhrasach inamhrais
Distrustful or tending to suspect.

sustain /səˈsteɪn/ /səˈstæɪn/ v
cothaigh
(transitive) To provide for or nourish.
iompair
To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support.

sustainable development sustainable developments n
forbairt inbhuanaithe forbairt inmharthana
(agriculture, ecology) Development which seeks to produce sustainable economic growth while ensuring future generations' ability to do the same by not exceeding the regenerative capacity of nature.

sustaining more sustaining most sustaining adj
cothabhálach
That sustains, supports or provides sustenance.

sustenance /ˈsʌs.tə.nəns/ sustenances n
cothabháil
Something that provides support or nourishment.

sutler /ˈsʌtlə/ /ˈsʌtləɹ/ sutlers n
lóncheannaí campa
A person who follows an army, selling provisions.

sutra /ˈsuːtɹə/ sutras n
sútra
A rule or thesis in Sanskrit grammar or Hindu law or philosophy.
(Buddhism, Hinduism) A scriptural narrative, especially a discourse of the Buddha.

suzerainty /ˈs(j)uz(ə)ɹənti/ /ˈs(j)uzəˌɹeɪ̯nti/ suzerainties n
ardfhlaitheas ardtiarnas
A relation between states in which a subservient nation has its own government, but is unable to take international action independent of the superior state; a similar relationship between other entities.

svelte /ˈsfɛlt/ /ˈsvɛlt/ svelter sveltest adj
seangchruthach
Attractively thin; gracefully slender. [from 1810s]

swab /swɒb/ swabs n
ceirt
A piece of material used for cleaning or sampling other items like musical instruments or guns.

swagger /ˈswæɡ.ə/ /ˈswæɡ.ɚ/ swaggers n
mustar
Confidence, pride.
A bold or arrogant strut.
A prideful boasting or bragging.

swallow /ˈswɑ.loʊ/ /ˈswɒ.ləʊ/ [ˈswɑ.wɜʊ̯] [ˈswɑ.ɫoʊ̯] swallows n
fáinleog
A small, migratory bird of the Hirundinidae family with long, pointed, moon-shaped wings and a forked tail which feeds on the wing by catching insects.

swallow /ˈswɑ.loʊ/ /ˈswɒ.ləʊ/ [ˈswɑ.wɜʊ̯] [ˈswɑ.ɫoʊ̯] v
slog
(transitive) To cause (food, drink etc.) to pass from the mouth into the stomach; to take into the stomach through the throat. [from 11th c.]

swallow one's pride v
dul ar an umhlaíocht
(idiomatic) To set aside one's feelings of pride and adopt a more humble or appropriate stance.

swamp /swɑmp/ /swɒmp/ swamps n
bogach seascann
A piece of wet, spongy land; low ground saturated with water; soft, wet ground which may have a growth of certain kinds of trees, but is unfit for agricultural or pastoral purposes.

swan /swɑn/ /swɒn/ swan swans n
eala
Any of various species of large, long-necked waterfowl, of genus Cygnus (bird family: Anatidae), most of which have white plumage.

swanky /ˈswæŋki/ swankier swankiest adj
galánta
(informal) Rather posh, elegant, ritzy.

sward /swɔɹd/ /swɔːd/ swards n
báinseach
(countable) An expanse of land covered in grass; a lawn or meadow.

swarm /swɔɹm/ /swɔːm/ swarms n
saithe scaoth
A large number of insects, especially when in motion or (for bees) migrating to a new colony.

swastika /ˈswɑstəkə/ /ˈswɑstɪkə/ /ˈswɒstəkə/ /ˈswɒstɪkə/ /ˈswɔstɘkɘ/ swastikas n
svaistice
(countable) A cross with arms of equal length all bent halfway along at a 90° angle to the right or to the left, used as a religious symbol by various ancient and modern civilizations, but now mainly seen and used in the West (with arms angled to the right) as a symbol of Nazism and fascism.

sway /sweɪ/ sways n
ardréim
Influence, weight, or authority that inclines to one side
Rule; dominion; control; power.

sway /sweɪ/ v
téigh i bhfeidhm ar
(transitive) To influence or direct by power, authority, persuasion, or by moral force; to rule; to govern; to guide. Compare persuade.

swear word swear words n
crístín diairmín eascaine mionn mór tiomna
A word considered obscene and vulgar or offensive.

swearer swearers n
mallaitheoir mionnadóir spalpaire
one who swears

swearing swearings n
mallachtach
The act of swearing, or making an oath.

sweat /swɛt/ sweats n
allas
Fluid that exits the body through pores in the skin usually due to physical stress and/or high temperature for the purpose of regulating body temperature and removing certain compounds from the circulation.

sweat /swɛt/ v
allasaigh
(intransitive, plumbing) To solder (a pipe joint) together.

sweat gland sweat glands n
faireog allais
(anatomy) An exocrine gland found under the skin in mammals for regulating body temperature.

sweatband sweatbands n
banda allais
A band of fabric, inside the crown of a hat, designed to absorb perspiration.
A band of fabric worn around the wrist or head during sports to absorb perspiration.

sweater /-ɾɚ/ /ˈswetə/ /ˈswɛtə/ /ˈswɛtɚ/ sweaters n
geansaí
(US) A similar garment worn for warmth.

sweating /ˈswɛtɪŋ/ sweatings n
allas
The production and evaporation of a watery fluid called sweat that is excreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals.

sweatpants n
bríste aclaíochta
(US) Informal cotton trousers, with an elasticated or drawstring waist, used for exercise etc.

sweep /swiːp/ v
scuab
(transitive) To clean (a surface) by means of a stroking motion of a broom or brush.
(intransitive) To move through a (horizontal) arc or similar long stroke.

sweet /swit/ /swiːt/ sweeter sweetest adj
milis
Tasting of sugars.
(wine) Retaining a portion of sugar.
binn milis
Of a pleasant sound.
milis caoin
Of a pleasing disposition.

sweet /swit/ /swiːt/ sweets n
milseán
(countable, especially, _, UK) A confection made from sugar, or high in sugar content; a candy.

sweet chestnut sweet chestnuts n
castán castán Eorpach
A type of deciduous tree native to Europe, Castanea sativa.
cnó castáin
The edible nuts of this tree.

sweet clover sweet clovers n
seamair mhilis
A plant of any species in the genus Melilotus.

sweet potato /ˈswiːt pəˈteɪtəʊ/ sweet potatoes n
práta Spáinneach práta milis
The tuber of this plant cooked as a vegetable.

sweet william sweet williams n
lus na gile
A flowering plant, Dianthus barbatus, in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to the mountains of southern Europe from the Pyrenees east to the Carpathians and the Balkans.

sweetbread /ˈswitˌbɹɛd/ /ˈswiːtbɹɛd/ sweetbreads n
briseán briseán milis dúlia
The pancreas or thymus gland of an animal, especially a lamb or calf, as food.

sweeten /ˈswiːtən/ [ˈswiːtn̩] [ˈswiːʔn̩] v
milsigh
(transitive) To make sweet to the taste.
(transitive) To soften to the eye; to make delicate.

sweetener sweeteners n
milseoir
Something added to food to sweeten its taste, especially an artificial substitute for sugar.

sweetheart /ˈswitˌhɑɹt/ /ˈswiːtˌhɑːt/ [ˈswiˌɾ(ʱ)ɑɹt̠̚] sweethearts n
cumann
A person very much liked or loved by someone, especially when both partners are young.

sweetheart deal sweetheart deals n
margadh rúin
(idiomatic, business) A transaction, contract, or other agreement in which one party provides particularly favorable terms to the other, especially in suspicious circumstances.

sweetmeat /ˈswiːtmiːt/ sweetmeats n
póirín guma
A sweet delicacy; a confection.

sweets n
milseáin
Confectionery, candy.

sweetshop sweetshops n
taosráin
A shop selling confectionery, especially one that sells predominantly confectionery.

swell /swɛl/ swells n
mórtas
A long series of ocean waves, generally produced by wind, and lasting after the wind has ceased.

swelling /ˈswɛl.ɪŋ/ swellings n
at
The state of being swollen.
Anything swollen, especially any abnormally swollen part of the body.

swift /swɪft/ swifter swiftest adj
éasca
Fast; quick; rapid.

swift /swɪft/ swifts n
gabhlán gaoithe
A small plain-colored bird of the family Apodidae that resembles a swallow and is noted for its rapid flight.

swim /swɪm/ swims n
snámh
An act or instance of swimming.

swim /swɪm/ v
snámh
(intransitive) To move through the water, without touching the bottom; to propel oneself in water by natural means.

swim bladder swim bladders n
bolgán
(anatomy, usually of fish) A gas-filled sac within the bodies of most fish that variously acts as a float, lung, sound-producing organ or an aid to hearing.

swimmer /ˈswɪm.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈswɪm.ɚ/ swimmers n
snámhóir
One who swims.

swimming pool /ˈswɪmɪŋ ˌpuːl/ swimming pools n
linn snámha
A pool of water used for swimming, usually one which has been artificially constructed.

swimmingly /-ɡli/ /ˈswɪmɪŋli/ more swimmingly most swimmingly adv
go seoigh
(figuratively, informal) In a very favourable manner; without difficulty; agreeably, successfully.

swimsuit /swɪm.s(j)ut/ swimsuits n
culaith shnámha

swineherd /ˈswaɪnˌhɜːd/ swineherds n
muicí
A person who herds and tends swine, a keeper of swine (pigs).

swing /ˈswɪŋ/ swings n
luascán
A line, cord, or other thing suspended and hanging loose, upon which anything may swing.
A hanging seat that can swing back and forth, in a children's playground, for acrobats in a circus, or on a porch for relaxing.

swing bridge swing bridges n
droichead lúdrach luascdhroichead
A movable bridge that has as its primary structural support a vertical locating pin and support ring, usually at or near to its centre of gravity, about which the turning span can then pivot horizontally.

swing door swing doors n
doras luascach luascdhoras
A door that is opened by either pushing or pulling from either side (i.e. opens both ways) and is not normally capable of being locked.

switch /swɪt͡ʃ/ switches n
lasc
A device to turn electric current on and off or direct its flow.
ladhróg
(rail transport, US, Philippines) A movable section of railroad track which allows the train to be directed down one of two destination tracks; (set of) points.

switch off v
cuir as múch
(transitive) To turn a switch to the "off" position in order to stop or disable a device.

switchboard switchboards n
lasc-chlár
(telecommunications) The electronic panel that is used to direct telephone calls to the desired recipient.

swivel /ˈswɪvəl/ swivels n
udalán
(mechanical) A piece, such as a ring or hook, attached to another piece by a pin, in such a manner as to permit rotation about the pin as an axis.

swivel chair swivel chairs n
cathaoir sclóine
A chair with a rotating seat, typically used in an office or at a computer.

swoon /suːn/ /swuːn/ swoons n
aisnéal fanntais laige néal támh támhnéal
A faint.

sword /so(ː)ɹd/ /soəd/ /swɔːrd/ [soːd] [soːɹd] [sɔɹd] [sɔːd] swords n
claíomh
(weaponry) A long bladed weapon with a grip and typically a pommel and crossguard (together forming a hilt), which is designed to cut, stab, slash and/or hack.

swordfish /ˈsɔː(ɹ)dfɪʃ/ swordfish swordfishes n
colgán
A large marine fish with a long, pointed bill, Xiphias gladius.

swot /swɑt/ /swɒt/ /swɔt/ v
pulc
(intransitive, slang, British) To study with effort or determination (object of study indicated by "up on").

sycamore maple sycamore maples n
seiceamóir
(chiefly, US) The British and European sycamore tree, Acer pseudoplatanus.

syllabary /sɪˈlæbəɹi/ /ˈsɪləˌbɛɹi/ syllabaries n
siollabra
(orthography) A writing system where each character represents a complete syllable.

syllabic /sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ more syllabic most syllabic adj
siollach
Of, relating to, or consisting of a syllable or syllables.
(linguistics) Designating a sound that is or can be the most sonorant segment of a syllable, as a vowel or a resonant. In the word riddle ([ɹɪdl̩]), the two syllabic sounds are [ɪ] and [l̩].
Of, or being a form of verse, based on the number of syllables in a line rather than on the arrangement of accents or quantities.

syllable /ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/ [ˈsɪl.ə.bɫ̩] syllables n
siolla
(linguistics) A unit of human speech which often forms words corresponding to one opening of the mouth; a vowel and its surrounding consonants.

syllogism /ˈsɪlədʒɪz(ə)m/ syllogisms n
siollóg
(logic) An argument whose conclusion is supported by two premises, of which one contains the term that is the predicate of the conclusion, and the other contains the term that is the subject of the conclusion; common to both premises is a term that is excluded from the conclusion.

sylvan /ˈsɪl.vən/ more sylvan most sylvan adj
coillteach
Pertaining to the forest, or woodlands.
coillteach crannach crannmhar
Wooded, or covered in forest.

sylviculturist sylviculturists n
foraoisí saothróir coille
Someone who cultivates forest trees, especially as a business; a forester.

symbolism /ˈsɪmbəˌlɪzəm/ symbolisms n
siombalachas
Representation of a concept through symbols or underlying meanings of objects or qualities. [from between 1645 and 1655.]

symbolist symbolists n
siombalaí
One who employs symbols.

symmetrical /sɪˈmɛtɹɪkəl/ more symmetrical most symmetrical adj
comhchruthach siméadrach
Exhibiting symmetry; having harmonious or proportionate arrangement of parts; having corresponding parts or relations.

symmetry /ˈsɪmɪtɹaɪ/ /ˈsɪmɪtɹi/ symmetries n
siméadracht
Exact correspondence on either side of a dividing line, plane, center or axis.
The satisfying arrangement of a balanced distribution of the elements of a whole.

sympathetic /ˌsɪm.pəˈθɛt.ɪk/ more sympathetic most sympathetic adj
báúil comhbhraiteach comhbhách comhghoilliúnach cásmhar páirteach
Of, related to, feeling, showing, or characterized by sympathy.

sympathy /ˈsɪm.pəθ.i/ sympathies n
bá dáimh
An affinity, association or mutual relationship between people or things such that they are correspondingly affected by any condition.

symphonic /sɪmˈfɒnɪk/ more symphonic most symphonic adj
siansach
(music) Characteristic of a symphony

symphony /ˈsɪm.fə.ni/ [ˈsɪɱ.fə.ni] symphonies n
siansa
An extended piece of music of sophisticated structure, usually for orchestra.

symphony orchestra symphony orchestras n
ceolfhoireann shiansach
(music) A large orchestra that traditionally plays Western classical orchestral music.

synaesthesia /ˌsɪn.əsˈθi.ʒə/ /ˌsɪn.ɪsˈθiː.zɪ.ə/ /ˌsɪn.ɪsˈθiː.ʒə/ synaesthesiae synaesthesias n
sinéistéise
(arts, literature) A literary or artistic device whereby one kind of sensation is described in the terms of another.

synaesthete synaesthetes n
sinéistéiseach
A person who experiences synaesthesia.

synagogue /ˈsɪ.nəˌɡɑɡ/ /ˈsɪ.nəˌɡɒɡ/ synagogues n
sionagóg
A place of worship for Jews or Samaritans.

synclinal synclinals n
cuaschlaonas
(geology) A synclinal fold.

syncopate v
coimrigh meánchoimrigh sioncóipigh
(transitive, linguistics, phonology) to omit a vocalic or consonantal sound or a syllable from a word; to use syncope
sioncóipigh
(transitive, music) to stress or accentuate the weak beat of a rhythm; to use syncopation

syndicate /ˈsɪndɪkeɪt/ /ˈsɪndɪkət/ syndicates n
sindeacáit
A group of individuals or companies formed to transact some specific business, or to promote a common interest; a self-coordinating group.

syndicate /ˈsɪndɪkeɪt/ /ˈsɪndɪkət/ v
sindeacáitigh
(transitive) To put under the control of a group acting as a unit.

syndrome / ˈsin-ˌdrōm/ /-dɹəm/ /ˈsɪndɹoʊm/ /ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ syndromes n
siondróm
(pathology) A recognizable pattern of signs, symptoms and/or behaviours, especially of a disease or medical or psychological condition.

syngamy n
siongamacht
The fusion of two gametes to form a zygote.

synonym /ˈsɪn.əˌnɪm/ synonyms n
comhchiallach
(semantics, loosely) A word or phrase with a meaning that is the same as, or very similar to, another word or phrase.

synonymous /sɪˈnɑnɪməs/ /sɪˈnɒnɪməs/ adj
comhchiallach
(construed with with, narrower sense) Having an identical meaning.

synonymy /sɪˈnɒnəmi/ synonymies n
comhchiallachas
(semantics) The quality of being synonymous; sameness of meaning.

synopsis /sɪˈnɑpsɪs/ /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/ synopses n
achoimre achoimriú
(authorship) A brief summary of the major points of a written work, either as prose or as a table; an abridgment or condensation of a work.

synoptic more synoptic most synoptic adj
sionoptach
(Christianity) Pertaining to the gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke.

syntactic /sɪnˈtæktɪk/ more syntactic most syntactic adj
comhréireach
Of, related to or connected with syntax.

syntactician /ˌsɪntækˈtɪʃən/ syntacticians n
comhréireach
An expert in syntax.

syntax /ˈsɪn.tæks/ syntaxes n
comhréir
A set of rules that govern how words are combined to form phrases and sentences.
(computing, countable) The formal rules of formulating the statements of a computer language.
(linguistics) The study of the structure of phrases, sentences, and language.

synthesize /ˈsɪnθəsaɪz/ v
comhtháthaigh tarraing le chéile
(transitive) To combine two or more things to produce a new product.
(intransitive, of two or more things) To be combined producing a new, more complex product.
sintéisigh
(transitive, chemistry) To produce a substance by chemical synthesis.
(intransitive, chemistry, of a substance) To be produced by chemical synthesis.

synthesizer /ˈsɪn.θəˌsaɪ.zə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪn.θəˌsaɪ.zɚ/ synthesizers n
sintéiseoir
(music) An electronic musical instrument that creates its sounds with electronics and generally is played via a keyboard.
(music) An electronic instrument consisting of a module, or a set of modules, that creates its sounds with electronics and does not have any keyboard.
(electronics) An electronic device that generates electronic signal patterns to test an electronic circuit.

synthetic /sɪnˈθɛtɪk/ more synthetic most synthetic adj
sintéiseach
Of, or relating to synthesis.
tacar
Artificial, not genuine.

syphilis /ˈsɪfɪlɪs/ n
bolgach fhrancach
(disease) A disease spread via sexual activity, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.

syringe /səˈɹɪnd͡ʒ/ /sɪˈɹɪn(d)ʒ/ /ˈsɪɹɪn(d)ʒ/ /ˈsɪɹɪnd͡ʒ/ syringes n
steallaire
A device consisting of a hypodermic needle, a chamber for containing liquids, and a piston for applying pressure (to inject) or reducing pressure (to draw); a hypodermic syringe.

syrinx /sə-/ /sɪˈɹɪnd͡ʒiz/ /sɪˈɹɪnd͡ʒiːz/ /ˈsɪɹɪŋks/ syringes syrinxes n
siring
(ornithology, zootomy) The voice organ in birds, located at or near where the trachea and the bronchi join.

syrup /ˈsɝ.əp/ /ˈsɪɹ.əp/ syrups n
síoróip
Any thick liquid that has a high sugar content and which is added to or poured over food as a flavouring.

system /ˈsɪstəm/ systems n
córas
A group or set of related things that operate together as a complex whole. [from early 17th c.]

systems analyst systems analysts n
anailísí anailísí córas
(computing) A person whose job is to perform systems analysis by being responsible for researching, planning and recommending software and system choices to meet an organization's business requirements.

systole /ˈsɪstəli/ systoles n
croíchrapadh
(physiology) The rhythmic contraction of the heart, by which blood is driven through the arteries.

systolic adj
croíchrapthach
(maths) Relating to the mathematical concept of a systole

syzygy /ˈsɪz.ɪ.d͡ʒi/ syzygies n
sisige sisigí
(astronomy, astrology) An alignment of three celestial bodies (for example, the Sun, Earth, and Moon) such that one body is directly between the other two, such as occurs at an eclipse.
(Jungian, _, psychology) An archetypal pairing of contrasexual opposites, symbolizing the communication of the conscious and unconscious minds.

tabby /ˈtæb.i/ tabbier tabbiest adj
riabhach
Brindled; diversified in color.

tabby /ˈtæb.i/ tabbies n
cat riabhach
(countable) A brindled cat.

table /ˈteɪbl̩/ tables n
bord tábla clár cláranna táblaí
An item of furniture with a flat top surface raised above the ground, usually on one or more legs.

table lamp table lamps n
lampa boird
A lamp designed to be used on tables.

table linen table linens n
línéadach boird

table of contents tables of contents n
clár ábhair
A list of titles of the parts of a book or document, organized in the order in which the parts appear.

table salt table salts n
salann mín
Sodium chloride, the salt most commonly used to season food at the table.

table saw table saws n
binse sáibh
A circular saw mounted beneath the surface of a table, the rotating blade protruding up through a slot.

table tennis n
ping pang
A game or sport (similar to tennis) that involves the hitting of a light plastic ball across a table (fashioned like a mini tennis court) by rackets (paddles, bats (Britain)).

table wine table wines n
fíon boird
(US) Wine that is not fortified or sparkling.

tablecloth tablecloths n
scaraoid brat boird éadach boird éadach cláir éadach tábla
A cloth used to cover and protect a table, especially for a dining table.

tableland tablelands n
ardchlár
A relatively flat region of elevated terrain, particularly in reference to surrounding terrain.

tablespoon /ˈteɪbəlˌspun/ /ˈteɪbəlˌspuːn/ [-bɫ̩-] tablespoons n
spúnóg mhór
(Canada, US) A large spoon, used for eating food from a bowl.

tablespoonful tablespoonfuls tablespoonsful n
lán spúnóg boird
The capacity of a tablespoon (table implement).

tachycardia /tæ.kɪˈkɑː(ɹ).di.ə/ /tæ.kɪˈkɑːɹ.di.ə/ tachycardias n
taicéacairde
(medicine, cardiology) A rapid resting heart rate, especially one above 100 beats per minute. [from 19th c.]

tact /tækt/ n
stuaim
Sensitive mental touch; special skill or faculty; keen perception or discernment; ready power of appreciating and doing what is required by circumstances; the ability to say the right thing. [from early 19th c.]

tactic /ˈtæktɪk/ tactics n
beart beartaíocht oirbheart teaictic
A maneuver, or action calculated to achieve some end.

tactical adj
beartach oirbheartaíoch oirbheartaíochta teaicticiúil
of or relating to tactics

tactics /ˈtæktɪks/ n
beartaíocht oirbheartaíocht teaicticí
(military) The employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other.

tadpole /ˈtædpoʊl/ tadpoles n
torbán
A young toad or frog in its larval stage of development that lives in water, has a tail and no legs, and, like a fish, breathes through gills.

taffrail taffrails n
lifting rancás teafrail
(nautical) The rail around the stern of a ship.
(nautical) The deck area at the stern of a vessel.

tagboard tagboards n
clibchlár
(Internet) A small message board on a webpage, usually located in the sidebar, where visitors can leave a name and short message.

tail /teɪl/ tails n
eireaball eireaball cóiméid
The tail-end of an object, e.g. the rear of an aircraft's fuselage, containing the tailfin.

tailed /teɪld/ adj
earr earrach eireaballach
(often, in combination) Having a tail.

tailgate /ˈteɪlˌɡeɪt/ tailgates n
clár deiridh
(automotive) A hinged board or hatch at the rear of a vehicle that can be lowered for loading and unloading.

taillight taillights n
cúlsolas solas deiridh
One of a pair of red lights mounted on the rear of a vehicle, so it can be seen from the rear at night.

tailor /ˈteɪlə/ /ˈteɪlɚ/ tailors n
táilliúir
A person who makes, repairs, or alters clothes professionally, especially suits and men's clothing.

tailor's dummy tailors' dummies n
riochtán táilliúra
A simple mannequin used by tailors to fit clothes

tailoress tailoresses n
bantáilliúir
(dated) a female tailor

taint /teɪnt/ v
truailligh
(transitive) To contaminate or corrupt (something) with an external agent, either physically or morally.

take /teɪk/ /teːk/ /tæɪk/ [tʰeɪ̯k] v
tóg
(transitive) To get into one's hands, possession, or control, with or without force.
tóg caith
(transitive, baseball) To decline to swing at (a pitched ball); to refrain from hitting at, and allow to pass.

take a picture v
glac pictiúr tóg pictiúr
(idiomatic) To photographically capture an image

take aback /ˌteɪk əˈbæk/ /ˌtæɪk əˈbæk/ [ˌtʰeɪ̯.k‿əˈbæk] [ˌtʰæɪ̯.k‿əˈbæk] v
bain siar as
(idiomatic, transitive) To surprise or shock; to discomfit.

take away v
bain

take care of v
tabhair aire do
(transitive) To look after, to provide care for.

take care of the pennies and the pounds will take care of themselves proverb
is é cosaint na pingine a chruachas na puint
If one takes care of little things one at a time, they can add up to big things.

take down v
leag
(combat sports) To force one’s opponent off their feet in order to transition from striking to grappling in jujitsu, mixed martial arts, etc.

take for granted v
déan dóigh de
(transitive, of a thing) To assume something to be true without verification or proof.
(transitive, idiomatic, especially of a person) To give little attention to or to underestimate the value of; to fail to appreciate, especially something one has grown heavily accustomed to; not to value or care for appropriately, out of the assumption that the person or thing not valued cannot be lost.

take off v
bain de
(transitive) To remove.

take one's leave v
ceiliúir
say goodbye

take one's time v
glac am tóg am
(intransitive, idiomatic) To go about something slowly and carefully or at one's own pace.

take out v
glac tóg amach
(idiom) To immobilize with force; to subdue; to incapacitate.

take someone's word for it v
creid ó duine éigin
(idiomatic) To believe what someone claims, especially without checking or verifying for oneself.

take up v
tóg suas
(transitive) To begin doing (an activity) on a regular basis.
(transitive) To begin to support or patronize, to sponsor (a person), to adopt as protégé.

takedown takedowns n
leagan
(martial arts) A taking down: an act of bringing one's opponent to the ground by grabbing one or both legs and applying a rearward bending moment.

takin takins n
taicín
A goat-antelope, of species Budorcas taxicolor.

taking /ˈteɪkɪŋ/ takings n
fáltas
(in the plural) Cash or money received (by a shop or other business, for example).

talc /tælk/ talcs n
talc
(obsolete) Originally a large range of transparent or glistening foliated minerals. Examples include mica, selenite and the hydrated magnesium silicate that the term talc generally has referred to in modern times (see below). Also an item made of such a mineral and depending for its function on the special nature of the mineral (see next). Mediaeval writers adopted the term from the Arabic.
A soft mineral, composed of hydrated magnesium silicate, that has a soapy feel and a greenish, whitish, or grayish color, and usually occurs in foliated masses.

tale /ˈteɪl/ tales n
scéal
A rehearsal of what has occurred; narrative; discourse; statement; history; story.

talented /ˈtæləntɪd/ more talented most talented adj
tréitheach éirimiúil
Endowed with one or more talents.

talk /toːk/ /tɑk/ /tɔk/ /tɔʊ̯k/ /tɔːk/ [toːk] [tʰak] [tʰäk] [tʰɑk] talks n
caint aighneas
A conversation or discussion; usually serious, but informal.

talk /toːk/ /tɑk/ /tɔk/ /tɔʊ̯k/ /tɔːk/ [toːk] [tʰak] [tʰäk] [tʰɑk] v
caint
(intransitive) To communicate, usually by means of speech.

talkative /ˈtɑːkədɪv/ /ˈtɔːkətɪv/ more talkative most talkative adj
béalráiteach
Tending to talk a lot.

talkativeness n
aighneas
The state of being talkative.

tall /tɑl/ /tɔl/ /tɔːl/ [tʰoːɫ] taller tallest adj
ard
(of a building, etc.) Having its top a long way up; having a great vertical (and often greater than horizontal) extent; high.

tall tale /tɔl ˈteɪl/ /tɔːl ˈteɪl/ tall tales n
abhóg scéal áibhéalach siollóg
(idiomatic) A tale or story which is fantastic and greatly exaggerated; also, an account of questionable veracity; a lie, an untruth.

tally /ˈtæli/ tallies n
scór
(by extension) Any account or score kept by notches or marks, whether on wood or paper, or in a book, especially one kept in duplicate.

talon /ˈtælən/ talons n
gríobh
A sharp, hooked claw of a bird of prey or other predatory animal.

talus /ˈteɪləs/ taluses n
sceallach scileach
(geology) A sloping heap of fragments of rock lying at the foot of a precipice.

tamaraw tamaraw tamaraws n
tamará
A small, dark brown, hoofed buffalo, Bubalus mindorensis, found only on Mindoro in the Philippines.

tamarind /ˈtæməɹɪnd/ tamarinds n
tamarain tor tamaraine
(botany) A tropical tree, Tamarindus indica.
tamarain
(culinary) The fruit of this tree; the pulp is used as spice in Asian cooking and in Worcestershire sauce.

tambour /ˈtæmbʊə(ɹ)/ tambours n
tambór
A circular frame for embroidery.

tambour lace tambour laces n
lása fonsa
A kind of lace made with needle embroidery on machine-made net.

tambourine /ˌtæm.bəˈɹiːn/ tambourines n
tambóirín tiompán
A percussion instrument consisting of a small, usually wooden, hoop closed on one side with a drum frame and featuring jingling metal disks on the tread; it is most often held in the hand and shaken rhythmically; by extension, any frame drum.

tambourinist tambourinists n
tiompánaí
Someone who plays the tambourine

tame /teɪm/ v
ceansaigh
(transitive) To make (an animal) tame; to domesticate.

tamp /tæmp/ v
calc
(blasting) To plug up with clay, earth, dry sand, sod, or other material, as a hole bored in a rock.

tamperproof more tamperproof most tamperproof adj
crioscaíldíonach dosháraithe
Resistant to tampering.

tan /tæn/ tanner tannest adj
buí crón
Yellowish-brown.
Having dark skin as a result of exposure to the sun or an artificial process intended to mimic this effect.

tan /tæn/ tans n
crón
A light, brown-like colour.

tan /tæn/ v
cart
(transitive, stative) To change an animal hide into leather by soaking it in tannic acid. To work as a tanner.

tango /ˈtæŋɡoʊ/ /ˈtæŋɡəʊ/ tangoes tangos n
tangó
(dance) A standard ballroom dance in 4/4 time; or a social dance, the Argentine tango.

tank engine tank engines n
inneall umair
A steam locomotive that carries its fuel and water containers on the locomotive frames rather than in a separate tender.

tankard /ˈtæŋkəd/ /ˈtæŋkɚd/ tankards n
tancard
A large drinking vessel, sometimes of pewter, sometimes with a glass base, with one handle and often a hinged cover.Tankard

tanned more tanned most tanned adj
coirtithe daite griandaite síondaite
Having a suntan.
coirtithe
(of leather) Finished, made using tannic acid (as opposed to abrasion).

tanner /ˈtænɚ/ tanners n
súdaire tonnadóir tonnleasaitheoir
A person whose occupation is to tan hides, or convert them into leather by the use of tan.

tannery /ˈtænəɹi/ tanneries n
tonnús
A place where people tan hides to make leather.

tansy /ˈtanzi/ /ˈtæn.zi/ tansies n
franclus lus na bhfrancach
A herbaceous plant with yellow flowers, of the genus Tanacetum, especially Tanacetum vulgare.

tantalize /ˈtæntəlaɪz/ v
beophian clip griog
(transitive) to tease (someone) by offering something desirable but keeping it out of reach

tantalum /ˈtæntələm/ tantalums n
tantalam
A chemical element (symbol Ta) with atomic number 73: a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant.

tantamount /ˈtæntəˌmaʊnt/ more tantamount most tantamount adj
ionann
Equivalent in meaning or effect; amounting to the same thing in practical terms, even if being technically distinct. [1641–]

tap /tæp/ /tɐːp/ [tʰæp] taps n
buacaire
A tapering cylindrical peg or pin used to close and open the hole or vent in a container.
sconna buacaire
A hollow device used to control the flow of a fluid, such as an alcoholic beverage from a cask, or a gas or liquid in a pipe.

tape measure tape measures n
miosúr
A graduated flexible ribbon used for measuring lengths.

tape recorder tape recorders n
téipthaifeadán
(sound engineering) An electromechanical device use to record and play back sound, etc.

tapeworm /ˈteɪpˌwɝm/ tapeworms n
cailleach ghoile péist ribíneach
(countable) Any parasitical worm of the class or infraclass Cestoda, which infest the intestines of animals, including humans, often infecting different host species during their life cycle.

tapioca /tæpiˈoʊkə/ tapiocas n
taipióca
A starchy food made from the cassava plant, used in puddings.

tar /tɑɹ/ /tɑː/ [tʰɑɹ] [tʰɑɻ] tars n
tarra
(usually, uncountable) A black, oily, sticky, viscous substance, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons derived from organic materials such as wood, peat, or coal.
(uncountable) A solid residual byproduct of tobacco smoke.

tar /tɑɹ/ /tɑː/ [tʰɑɹ] [tʰɑɻ] v
tarra a chur ar tarráil
(transitive) To coat with tar.

tare /teə/ /teː/ /tɛ(ə)ɹ/ /tɛə/ tares n
meáchan glan táir
The empty weight of a container; unladen weight.

target /ˈtaːɡɪt/ /ˈtɑɹɡɪt/ /ˈtɑːɡɪt/ [ˈtʰɑɹɡɪt̚] targets n
cuspóir
A butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile.
cuspóir sprioc
A goal or objective.

target language target languages n
sprioctheanga
(translation studies) The language into which a translation is done.

tariff /ˈtæɹəf/ /ˈtæɹɪf/ /ˈtɛɹɪf/ tariffs n
cáin chustaim
taraif
A system of government-imposed duties levied on imported or exported goods; a list of such duties, or the duties themselves.
liosta táillí
A schedule of rates, fees or prices.

tarmac /ˈtɑː(ɹ)mæk/ tarmacs n
tarmac tarramhacadam
(loosely, UK, Ireland, Canada) Any bituminous road surfacing material.

tarragon /ˈtæɹəɡɑn/ /ˈtæɹəɡən/ /ˈtɛɹəɡɑn/ /ˈtɛɹəɡən/ tarragons n
dragan
A perennial herb, the wormwood species Artemisia dracunculus, from Europe and parts of Asia.

tartan /ˈtɑɹtn̩/ /ˈtɑːtn̩/ tartans n
breacán
A kind of woven woollen cloth with a distinctive pattern of coloured stripes intersecting at right angles, associated with Scottish Highlanders, different clans and some Scottish families and institutions having their own distinctive patterns.

tassel /ˈtæsəl/ tassels n
aigilín
A ball-shaped bunch of plaited or otherwise entangled threads from which at one end protrudes a cord on which the ball is hung, and which may have loose, dangling threads at the other end (often used as decoration along the bottom of garments, curtains or other hangings).

taste /teɪst/ tastes n
blas
One of the sensations produced by the tongue in response to certain chemicals; the quality of giving this sensation.
tástáil
(figuratively) A small amount of experience with something that gives a sense of its quality as a whole.

taste /teɪst/ v
tástáil
(transitive) To sample the flavor of something orally.

taste of one's own medicine n
tomhas a láimhe féin
(idiomatic, usually preceded by a) Harsh treatment inflicted on one who previously inflicted similar or equivalent treatment on others.

tastebud tastebuds n
blaslóg
(anatomy) Any of the small organs on the tongue used for tasting.

tasteless /ˈteɪstləs/ more tasteless most tasteless adj
leamh
Having no flavour; bland; insipid.

taster /teɪstɚ/ tasters n
blastóir
Someone who tastes something, especially food, wine etc., for quality.

tastiness tastinesses n
blastacht
The quality of being tasty.

tasting /ˈteɪstɪŋ/ tastings n
blaiseadh ócáid bhlaiste
The taking of a small amount of food or drink into the mouth in order to taste it.

tattered /ˈtætəd/ /ˈtætɚd/ adj
adhastrach ribíneach
Rent in tatters, torn, hanging in rags; ragged.

tattoo /tæˈtuː/ /təˈtuː/ [tʰaˈtʰuː] [tʰæˈtʰuː] [tʰæˈɾuː] tattoos n
tatú
An image made in the skin with ink and a needle.
dord na hoíche
(nautical) A signal played five minutes before taps (lights out).
tóstal oíche
(military) A military display or pageant.

tattoo /tæˈtuː/ /təˈtuː/ [tʰaˈtʰuː] [tʰæˈtʰuː] [tʰæˈɾuː] v
tatuálaim
To apply a tattoo to (someone or something).

taunt /tɑnt/ /tɔnt/ /tɔːnt/ taunts n
oirbhire tarcaisne
A scornful or mocking remark; a jeer or mockery

tautness tautnesses n
riteacht
The property of being taut.

tavern /ˈtævən/ /ˈtævəɹn/ taverns n
teach tábhairne teach óil teach ósta
A restaurant or bar.

tawny /ˈtɑ-/ /ˈtɔni/ /ˈtɔːni/ tawnier tawniest adj
crón
Of a light brown to brownish orange colour.

tawny /ˈtɑ-/ /ˈtɔni/ /ˈtɔːni/ tawnies tawnys n
crón
A light brown to brownish orange colour.

tawny owl /ˈtɔːni aʊl/ tawny owls n
ulchabhán donn
Any of species Strix aluco of strigid owls, of Europe, western Asia, and the Middle East.

tax /tæks/ taxes n
cáin cíos
Money paid to the government other than for transaction-specific goods and services.

tax haven tax havens n
tearmann cánach
(law, business, taxation) A jurisdiction that levies low tax rates on certain economic activities, especially to attract wealthy individuals and foreign businesses.

tax relief n
faoiseamh cánach
A reduction in the amount of tax that an individual or company has to pay.

tax-exempt adj
díolmhaithe ó cháin
Exempt from paying tax; not subject to taxation.

taxi /ˈtæk.si/ taxies taxis n
tacsaí
A vehicle that may be hired for single journeys by members of the public, driven by a taxi driver.

taxi /ˈtæk.si/ v
innill
To move an aircraft on the ground under its own power.

taxis /ˈtæksɪs/ taxes n
luadar
(biology) The directional movement of an organism in response to a stimulus.

tea /ti/ /tiː/ [tʰi] [tʰiː] teas n
tae
(uncountable) The dried leaves or buds of the tea plant; (countable) a variety of such leaves.
(uncountable) Any similar drink made by infusing parts of various other plants.
(countable, Commonwealth, northern, _, US) A cup or (East Asia, Southern, _, US) glass of any of these drinks, often with milk, sugar, lemon, and/or tapioca pearls.
(uncountable, UK) A light midafternoon meal, typically but not necessarily including tea.

tea caddy tea caddies n
taebhosca
A box, jar, pot, or tin used to store tea leaves.

tea garden tea gardens n
garraí tae plandáil tae taeghairdín
A public garden where tea and other refreshments are served.

tea leaf tea leaves n
cnámhóga tae duilleog tae
(usually, used in the plural) A dried fragment of a leaf of the tea plant used in making the drink tea.

tea set tea sets n
foireann taeghréithe
A set of crockery for making and serving tea (the drink).Tea set. (1)

tea-urn tea-urns n
taechoire
An urn or pot, with a gravity-fed tap at the bottom, used to hold hot water, hot tea or hot coffee.

teabag /ˈtiːbæɡ/ teabags n
mála tae
A cloth or paper sachet containing tea leaves or herbal tea, designed to act as an infuser when submerged in hot water.

teacake teacakes n
cáca tae cáicín tae císte tae
(British) A flat, round bread bun, usually containing currants, sultanas or peel and often served toasted and buttered with tea.

teach /tiːt͡ʃ/ v
múin teagasc
(ditransitive) To pass on knowledge to.
(intransitive, stative) To pass on knowledge generally, especially as one's profession; to act as a teacher.

teacher /ˈtit͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtiːt͡ʃə/ teachers n
múinteoir
A person who teaches, especially one employed in a school.

teaching /ˈtiːt͡ʃɪŋ/ teachings n
teagasc
Something taught by a religious or philosophical authority.
múinteoireacht teagasc
The profession of educating people; the activity that a teacher does when he/she teaches.

teaching assistant teaching assistants n
múinteoir cúnta
(education) A person who assists a teacher with instructional responsibilities, often by supporting students with learning disabilities or physical disabilities.

teacup /ˈtiː.kʌp/ teacups n
cupán tae taechupán
A small cup, usually with a handle, commonly used for drinking tea; normally sits in a saucer as part of a tea set.

teahouse teahouses n
teach tae
A cafe or restaurant that serves tea, usually with light food.

teak /tiːk/ teaks n
téac
(uncountable, countable) An extremely durable timber highly valued for shipbuilding and other purposes, yielded by Tectona grandis (and Tectona spp.).
(countable) A tree of the species in the genus Tectona.

teal /tiːl/ [tiːɫ] more teal most teal adj
téal
Having a bluish-green colour.

teal /tiːl/ [tiːɫ] teals n
praslacha
(countable) Any of various small freshwater ducks of the genus Anas that are brightly coloured and have short necks.
téal
(countable, uncountable) A dark, somewhat bluish-green colour; a dark cyan.

team /tiːm/ teams n
cuingir
A set of draught animals, such as two horses in front of a carriage.
foireann meitheal
A group of people who favor one side of a binary debate that is divided and lacks a well-established clear consensus.

teapot teapots n
taephota corcán tae
A vessel for brewing and serving tea.

tear /teə/ /tɛə/ /tɛəɹ/ tears n
roiseadh
A hole or break caused by tearing.

tear /teə/ /tɪə/ /tɪəɹ/ tears n
deoir
A drop of clear, salty liquid produced from the eyes by crying or irritation.

tear /teə/ /tɛə/ /tɛəɹ/ v
rois stróic
(transitive) To rend (a solid material) by holding or restraining in two places and pulling apart, whether intentionally or not; to destroy or separate.

tearer tearers n
roiseálaí
One who tears or rends anything.

tease /tiːz/ teases n
ciapaire clipire cráiteoir griogaire
One who teases.

tease /tiːz/ v
spíon
(transitive) To separate the fibres of (a fibrous material).
cíor spíon
(transitive) To backcomb.
ciap clip gabh do saighid faoi spoch as
(transitive) To poke fun at, either cruelly or affectionately.
cíor gabh de griog saighid spíon
(transitive) To provoke or disturb; to annoy.

teasel teasels n
liost
Any of several plants of the genus Dipsacus.

teaspoon /ˈtiˌspun/ /ˈtiːˌspuːn/ teaspoons n
spúnóg bheag taespúnóg
A small spoon used to stir the contents of a cup or glass.
A unit of measure, equivalent to one-third of a tablespoon or roughly five milliliters.

teaspoonful /ˈtiːspuːnfəl/ teaspoonfuls teaspoonsful n
lán taespúnóige taespúnóg
A unit of capacity equal to the amount a teaspoon can hold which is taken approximately as 5 ml.

teat /tiːt/ teats n
ballán dide
(anatomy) The projection of a mammary gland from which, on female mammals, milk is secreted.
dide
An artificial nipple used for bottle-feeding infants.

technetium /-ʃəm/ /tɛkˈni.ʃi.əm/ n
teicnéitiam
A metallic chemical element (symbol Tc) with an atomic number of 43.

technical /ˈtek.nɪ.kəl/ /ˈtɛk.nɪ.kəl/ /ˈtɛt.nɪ.kəl/ [ˈtek.nɪ.kl̩] [ˈtɛk.nɪ.kl̩] [ˈtɛt.nɪ.kl̩] more technical most technical adj
teicniúil
(securities and other markets) Relating to the internal mechanics of a market rather than more basic factors.

technician /tɛkˈnɪʃən/ technicians n
teicneoir
A person who studies or practises technology; an expert in a particular technology.

technique /tɛkˈniːk/ techniques n
teicníc teicníocht
(uncountable) The practical aspects of a given art, occupation etc.; formal requirements. [from 19th c.]

techno- /tɛknoʊ/ prefix
teicni-
Relating to technology.

technocracy /tɛkˈnɒkɹəsi/ technocracies n
teicnealathas
A system of governance where people who are skilled or proficient govern in their respective areas of expertise.

technocrat /ˈtɛknə(ʊ)kɹat/ technocrats n
teicnealathaí
An advocate of technocracy.

technocratic /tɛk.nəˈkɹæt.ɪk/ more technocratic most technocratic adj
teicnealathach
Of, or relating to a technocrat or technocracy.

technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ [ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩] [ˌtɛk.nəˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kl̩] more technological most technological adj
teicneolaíoch
Of, relating to, or involving technology, especially modern scientific technology.

technologist /tɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/ /tɛkˈnɒləd͡ʒɪst/ technologists n
teicneolaí
A scientist or an engineer who specializes in a particular technology, or who uses technology in a particular field.

technology /tɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒi/ /tɛkˈnɒləd͡ʒi/ technologies n
teicneolaíocht
The combined application of science and art in practical ways in industry, as for example in designing new machines.
(uncountable, academic) The study of or a collection of techniques.
(archaic) A discourse or treatise on the arts.

technostructure technostructures n
teicneastruchtúr
a corporate structure including technicians or other skilled professionals

tectonic adj
teicteonach
(geology) Of, relating to, or caused by large-scale movements of the Earth's (or a similar planet's) lithosphere.

tectonics n
teicteonaic
(geology) The study of crustal plates and other large-scale structural features of the Earth.

teddy bear teddy bears n
béirín béirín bréige
A plush toy in the shape of a bear.

tedious /ˈti.di.əs/ /ˈti.d͡ʒəs/ /ˈtiː.dɪəs/ more tedious most tedious adj
leadránach liosta
Boring, monotonous, time-consuming, wearisome.

tediousness tediousnesses n
leadránacht liostacht
The quality of being tedious; tedium.

tedium /ˈtiː.di.əm/ tedia tediums n
leadrán
Boredom or tediousness; ennui.

tee /ˈtiː/ tees n
teithne tinne té
The name of the Latin-script letter T/t.

teenager /ˈtiːnˌeɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ teenagers n
déagóir déagóirí
A person between 13 and 19 years old.

teething /ˈtiðɪŋ/ /ˈtiːðɪŋ/ teethings n
cur na bhfiacla gearradh na bhfiacla
(physiology) The eruption, through the gums, of the milk teeth; dentition.

teetotaler /ˈtitoʊtəlɚ/ /ˈtiːtəʊtələ/ teetotalers n
staonaire
(American spelling) A person who completely abstains from alcoholic beverages.

telegenic more telegenic most telegenic adj
teiligineach
Having an appearance and exhibiting qualities thought to be attractive to television viewers.

telegraph /ˈtɛl.ə.ɡɹæf/ /ˈtɛl.ɪ.ɡɹæf/ telegraphs n
teileagraf
(chiefly, _, historical) The electrical device gradually developed in the early 19th century to transmit messages (telegrams) using Morse code; the entire system used to transmit its messages including overhead lines and transoceanic cables.

telegraph line telegraph lines n
líne teileagraif
A wire strung between two locations allowing telegraphic communication between them.

telemarketing n
teileamhargaíocht
The business of selling products or services by making unsolicited telephone calls to potential customers.

telemetry /təˈlem.ə.tɹi/ /təˈlɛm.əˌtɹi/ /tɪˈlɛm.ɪ.tɹi/ telemetries n
teiliméadracht
(applied sciences) The science, and associated technology, of the automatic recording and transmission of data from a remote source to a receiving station for analysis.

teleological /tɛliːəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ more teleological most teleological adj
teileolaíoch
Of or pertaining to teleology; showing evidence of design or purpose.

teleology /ˌtiː.liˈɒ.lə.dʒi/ teleologies n
teileolaíocht
(philosophy) The study of the purpose or design of natural occurrences.
The use of a purpose or design rather than the laws of nature to explain an occurrence.

telephone /ˈ tɛl.əˌfoʊn/ /ˈ tɛl.əˌfəʊn/ /ˈ tɛl.ɪˌfəʊn/ telephones n
teileafón guthán fón
(countable) A telecommunication device (originally mechanical, and now electronic) used for two-way talking with another person (now often shortened to phone).

telephone directory telephone directories n
eolaí teileafóin leabhar fóin
A listing of telephone subscribers in a specific geographical area, together with their telephone numbers and, sometimes, a street address.

telephone line telephone lines n
líne teileafóin
The infrastructure which allows a single telephone to be connected to the network and conduct independent calls.

telephone number telephone numbers n
uimhir fóin uimhir ghutháin uimhir theileafóin
The sequence of digits used to identify a particular destination telephone in a network.

telephony /təˈlɛf.ə.ni/ telephonies n
teileafónaíocht
The act of sound transmission via the electromagnetic spectrum.

telephotography n
teileafótagrafaíocht

teleprompter /ˈtɛləˌpɹɑmptəɹ/ teleprompters n
uathleideoir
A device placed near or on a television camera that displays scrolling text, allowing a person to read a script while appearing to speak spontaneously to the camera.

telescope /ˈtɛl.əˌskoʊp/ /ˈtɛl.ɪ.skəʊp/ telescopes n
teileascóp cianradharcán
A monocular optical instrument that magnifies distant objects, especially in astronomy.

telescopic sight telescopic sights n
scóp
A device used e.g. on a rifle in aiming a projectile, through which the person aiming looks at the intended target.

television /ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən/ /ˈtɛlɪˌvɪʒən/ /ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən/ /ˌtɛlɪˈvɪʒən/ televisions n
teilifíseán teilifís
(countable) An electronic home entertainment device equipped with a screen and a speaker for receiving television signals and displaying them in audio-visual form.
teilifís teilifíseán
(uncountable) Collectively, the programs broadcast via the medium of television.

tell /tɛl/ [tʰɛl] [tʰɛɫ] v
abair le
(transitive) To order; to direct, to say to someone.

teller /ˈtɛlə/ /ˈtɛləɹ/ tellers n
airgeadóir
(banking, chiefly, US) A bank clerk who receives and pays out money.

tellurion /-ˈljɔː-/ /tə-/ /tɛˈl(j)ʊ.ɹi.ən/ /tɛˈljʊə.ɹɪ.ən/ /tɪ-/ tellurions n
teallúrán
(astronomy, historical) An instrument used to show how the rotation of the Earth on its axis and its orbit around the Sun cause day and night and the seasons.

tellurium /tɪˈljʊəɹiəm/ telluriums n
teallúiriam
(uncountable) The chemical element with atomic number 52. Symbol: Te. A rare, brittle, mildly toxic, silver-white metalloid.

temerity /təˈmɛɹ.ə.ti/ /təˈmɛɹ.ɪ.ti/ /tɪˈmɛɹ.ɪ.ti/ temerities n
andánacht
(uncountable) Reckless boldness; foolish bravery.

temperament /ˈtɛm.pə.mənt/ /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹə.mənt/ /ˈtɛm.pɚ.mənt/ /ˈtɛm.pɚ.ə.mənt/ /ˈtɛm.pɹə.mənt/ temperaments n
réiteacht
(music) The altering of certain intervals from their correct values in order to improve the moving from key to key.

temperance /ˈtɛmpəɹəns/ temperances n
measarthacht

temperature /ˈtɛm.pə.t͡ʃə/ /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹə.t͡ʃə/ /ˈtɛm.pəɹ.əˌt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtɛm.pəɹˌt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtɛm.pɹə.t͡ʃə/ /ˈtɛm.pɹəˌt͡ʃɚ/ [ˈtʰɛm.pʰəɹˌt͡ʃɚ] [ˈtʰɛm.pʰɹəˌt͡ʃɚ] temperatures n
teocht
A measure of cold or heat, often measurable with a thermometer.
(thermodynamics) A property of macroscopic amounts of matter that serves to gauge the average intensity of the random actual motions of the individually mobile particulate constituents.

tempestuous /-t͡ʃʊ-/ /tɛmˈpɛs.tjʊ.əs/ /tɛmˈpɛs.t͡ʃəs/ /tɛmˈpɛst͡ʃə.wəs/ more tempestuous most tempestuous adj
anfach anfúil
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a tempest; also, of a place: frequently experiencing tempests; (very) stormy.

template /tɛmˈpleɪt/ /ˈtɛm(ˌ)pleɪt/ /ˈtɛm.plət/ /ˈtɛm.plɪt/ templates n
teimpléad
A physical object whose shape is used as a guide to make other objects.
múnla
A generic model or pattern from which other objects are based or derived.

temple /ˈtɛmp(ə)l/ temples n
teampall
A house of worship, especially:
uisinn
(anatomy) The slightly flatter region, on either side of the human head, behind the eye and forehead, above the zygomatic arch, and forward of the ear.

temporal /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹəl/ more temporal most temporal adj
saolta teamparálta tuata
(relational) Of or relating to the material world, as opposed to sacred or clerical.
aimseartha
Of or relating to the sequence of time or to a particular time.

temporal artery temporal arteries n
camóg arach
(anatomy) Any of the three branches of the artery supplying the lateral surfaces of the cerebral cortex.

temporal lobe temporal lobes n
maothán na huisinne maothán uisinneach
(neuroanatomy, anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain, located behind the temples.

temptation /tɛmpˈteɪʃən/ temptations n
aimsiú
The act of tempting.

ten /tɛn/ /tɪn/ [tʰɛn] tens n
deich

ten /tɛn/ /tɪn/ [tʰɛn] numeral
deich
The number occurring after nine and before eleven, represented in Arabic numerals (base ten) as 10 and in Roman numerals as X.

ten thousand ten thousands numeral
deich míle
The cardinal number 10,000.

tenacious /təˈneɪʃəs/ more tenacious most tenacious adj
greamúsach
Clinging to an object or surface; adhesive.

tenacity /təˈnæs.ɪ.ti/ /təˈnæsəti/ tenacities n
diongbháilteacht
The quality or state of being tenacious, or persistence of purpose; tenaciousness.

tenancy /ˈtɛnənsi/ tenancies n
tionóntacht
Synonym of lease (an interest in land, its related contract or the document containing that contract); more commonly used when a lease is short-term or has a periodic rent that is not merely nominal.

tenant /ˈtɛ.nənt/ tenants n
tionónta
(computing) Any of a number of customers serviced through the same instance of an application.
(chiefly, historic) One who holds a feudal tenure in real property.
(property law, by extension) One who owns real estate other than via allodial title.

tenant farmer tenant farmers n
tionónta
A person who farms land rented from a landlord.

tench /tɛnt͡ʃ/ tench tenches n
cúramán
A species of freshwater game fish, Tinca tinca.

tender /ˈtɛn.də(ɹ)/ /ˈtɛn.də/ /ˈtɛn.dɚ/ tenderer tenderest adj
frithir
Sensitive or painful to the touch.
mín armacach grámhar muirneach
Fond, loving, gentle, or sweet.

tenderness /ˈtɛn.də.nɪs/ /ˈtɛn.dɚ.nɪs/ tendernesses n
armacas
A tendency to express warm, compassionate feelings.

tendon /ˈtɛn.dən/ tendons n
teannán
(anatomy) A tough band of flexible but inelastic fibrous collagen tissue that connects a muscle with its bony attachment and transmits the force which the muscle exerts.

tendril /ˈtɛn.dɹəl/ tendrils n
teannóg
(botany) A thin, spirally coiling stem that attaches a plant to its support.

tenement /ˈtɛnɪmənt/ tenements n
tionóntán
(legal) Any form of property that is held by one person from another, rather than being owned.

tenner /tɛnə(ɹ)/ tenners n
páipéar deich bpunt
(informal) A monetary note (bill) whose face value is ten basic units of currency. Originally, a ten-shilling (half pound) note.

tennis /ˈtɛnɪs/ tennises n
leadóg
(sports) A sport played by two players (or four in doubles), who alternately strike the ball over a net using racquets.

tennis court tennis courts n
cúirt leadóige
(tennis) A firm, rectangular surface, marked with lines and having a net across the middle, where the game of tennis is played.

tenosynovitis tenosynovites tenosynovitides n
trálach
(pathology) An inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath (the synovium) that surrounds a tendon.

tense /tɛns/ tenses n
aimsir
(grammar, countable) Any of the forms of a verb which distinguish when an action or state of being occurs or exists.

tenseness tensenesses n
riteacht
The characteristic of being tense.

tent /tɛnt/ /tɪnt/ tents n
puball
A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of skins, canvas, or some strong cloth, stretched and sustained by poles, used for sheltering people from the weather.

tent peg tent pegs n
pionna pubaill
A peg, driven into the ground, to hold a rope that supports a tent.

tentacle /ˈtɛntəkəl/ /ˈtɛntɪkəl/ tentacles n
adharcán
(zoology) An elongated, boneless, flexible organ or limb of some animals, such as the octopus and squid.

tenth /tɛnθ/ /tɪnθ/ [tʰɛn̪θ] adj
deichiú
Being one of ten equal parts of a whole.

tepid /ˈtɛpɪd/ more tepid most tepid adj
alabhog
Lukewarm; neither warm nor cool.

terato- prefix
teiriti-
(medicine) Pertaining to birth defects and similar abnormalities.

teratogenic more teratogenic most teratogenic adj
teiritigineach

terbium /ˈtɝ.bi.əm/ n
teirbiam
A metallic chemical element (symbol Tb) with an atomic number of 65: a soft, silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable and ductile.

term /tɜːm/ /tɝm/ terms n
téarma téarmaí
A chronological limitation or restriction, a limited timespan.
A word or phrase (e.g., noun phrase, verb phrase, open compound), especially one from a specialised area of knowledge; a name for a concept.
téarma
Part of a year, especially one of the divisions of an academic year.
Duration of officeholding, or its limit; period in office of fixed length.

terminate /ˈtɜːmɪneɪt/ /ˈtɝmɪneɪt/ v
cuir ar scor

tern /tɜːn/ /tɝn/ terns n
geabhróg scréachóg thrá
Any of various seabirds of the subfamily Sternidae (of the family Laridae) that are similar to gulls but are smaller and have a forked tail.

terrace /ˈtɛɹəs/ terraces n
lochtán
A platform that extends outwards from a building.
ardán
A row of residential houses with no gaps between them; a group of row houses.

terrapin /-ən/ /ˈtæɹəˌpɪn/ /ˈtɑɹpɪn/ /ˈtɛɚpɪn/ /ˈtɛɹəpɪn/ /ˈtɛɹəˌpɪn/ terrapins n
tiripín
(countable) Any of several small turtles of the families Emydidae and Geoemydidae found throughout the world.

terrestrial /təˈɹɛstɹi.əl/ adj
domhanda
Of, relating to, or inhabiting the land of the Earth or its inhabitants, earthly.

terrible /ˈtɛɚbəl/ /ˈtɛɹəbəl/ /ˈtɛɹɪbəl/ /ˈtɝbəl/ more terrible most terrible terribler terriblest adj
uafásach
Dreadful; causing terror, alarm and fear; awesome

terribly /ˈtɛɹ.ɪ.bli/ more terribly most terribly adv
go diail
Very; extremely.

terrier /ˈtɛɹiə(ɹ)/ terriers n
brocaire
A dog from a group of small, lively breeds, originally bred for the hunting of burrowing prey such as rats, rabbits, foxes, and even otters; this original function is reflected in some of their names (e.g. rat terrier).

terrific /təˈɹɪfɪk/ more terrific most terrific adj
fíormhaith
Extremely good; excellent, amazing. [from 19th c.]

terrifying /ˈtɛɹɪfaɪ.ɪŋ/ more terrifying most terrifying adj
scéiniúil
Frightening or intimidating.

territorial sea territorial seas n
farraigí críche farraigí teorann
The sea and ocean areas belonging to the territorial waters of a country.

terror /tɛɚ/ /ˈtɛɹ.ə/ /ˈtɛɹ.ɚ/ terrors n
scéin uafás
(countable, uncountable) Intense dread, fright, or fear.
(countable) Something or someone that causes such fear.

terrorism /ˈtɛɹəɹɪzəm/ terrorisms n
sceimhlitheoireacht
(historical) The system of fear and intimidation put into place during the Reign of Terror in Revolutionary France around 1793-94.

terrorist /ˈtɛɹəɹɪst/ terrorists n
sceimhlitheoir
A person, group, or organization that uses violent action, or the threat of violent action, to further political goals.

terry cloth terry cloths n
tuáilléadach éadach tuáillí
An absorbent cotton fabric typically used for towels and bathrobes; towelling.

terse /tɜːs/ /tɝːs/ terser tersest adj
cóngarach gonta
(by extension) Of speech or style: brief, concise, to the point.

test /tɛst/ [tʰest] [tʰɛst] tests n
scrúdú
(academia) An examination, given often during the academic term.
tástáil
A session in which a product, piece of equipment, or system is examined under everyday or extreme conditions to evaluate its durability, etc.
(obsolete) Judgment; distinction; discrimination.

test /tɛst/ [tʰest] [tʰɛst] v
tástáil
To place a product or piece of equipment under everyday and/or extreme conditions and examine it for its durability, etc.

testacy n
tiomnacht
(legal) The condition of being testate, of having left a valid will at one's death.

testament /ˈtes.tə.mənt/ /ˈtɛs.tə.mənt/ testaments n
tiomna uacht
(law) A solemn, authentic instrument in writing, by which a person declares his or her will as to disposal of his or her inheritance (estate and effects) after his or her death, benefiting specified heir(s).
tiomna
One of the two parts to the scriptures of the Christian religion: the New Testament, considered by Christians to be a continuation of the Hebrew scriptures, and the Hebrew scriptures themselves, which they refer to as the Old Testament.

testamentary adj
tiomnach
(legal) of or pertaining to a will or testament

testate adj
tiomnach
(legal) having left a legally valid last will and testament (of one who has died).

testate testates n
tiomnach
(legal) one who has left a valid will and testament

testator /tɛsˈteɪ.tɚ/ /ˈtɛˌsteɪ.tɚ/ testators n
tiomnóir
(legal) One who makes or has made a legally valid will.

testicle /ˈtɛstɪkəl/ testicles n
magairle cloch caid úirí
A testis: the male sex and endocrine gland, found in some types of animals, that produces sperm and male sex hormones, including the steroid testosterone.

testimonial testimonials n
teistiméireacht
A written recommendation of someone's worth or character

testimony /ˈtɛstɪmoʊni/ /ˈtɛstɪməni/ testimonies n
fianaise
(legal) Statements made by a witness in court.
An account of first-hand experience.

tetanus /ˈtɛt.nəs/ /ˈtɛt.ən.əs/ tetani tetanuses n
teiteanas
(pathology, countable) A serious and often fatal disease caused by the infection of an open wound with the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani, found in soil and the intestines and faeces of animals.

tether /ˈtɛðə(ɹ)/ tethers n
teaghrán
A rope, cable etc. that holds something in place whilst allowing some movement.

tetrachloride tetrachlorides n
teitreaclóiríd
(chemistry) any chloride containing four chlorine atoms in each molecule

tetrachloromethane n
teitreaclóraimeatán

text /tɛkst/ texts n
téacs
A book, tome or other set of writings.
A verse or passage of Scripture, especially one chosen as the subject of a sermon, or in proof of a doctrine.
téacs teachtaireacht
(colloquial) A brief written message transmitted between mobile phones.

text /tɛkst/ v
téacs a chur téacs a sheoladh téacsáil
(transitive) To send a text message to; i.e. to transmit text using the Short Message Service (SMS), or a similar service, between communications devices, particularly mobile phones.
téacsáil
(intransitive) To send and receive text messages.

textbook /ˈtɛkst.bʊk/ textbooks n
téacsleabhar
A coursebook, a formal manual of instruction in a specific subject, especially one for use in schools or colleges.

textual /ˈtɛks.tju.əl/ /ˈtɛks.tʃu.əl/ /ˈtɛks.tʃəl/ more textual most textual adj
téacsach
Of or pertaining to text as opposed to other document elements.

thalamus /ˈθæləməs/ thalami thalamuses n
talamas
(neuroanatomy) Either of two large, ovoid structures of grey matter within the forebrain that relay sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.

thallium /ˈθæliəm/ thalliums n
tailliam
A metallic chemical element (symbol Tl) with atomic number 81: a gray post-transition metal that discolors when exposed to air.

than /ðæn/ /ðən/ /ðɛn/ [ðn̩] preposition
ná
introduces a comparison, and is associated with comparatives, and with words such as more, less, and fewer. Typically, it seeks to measure the force of an adjective or similar description between two predicates.

thanatology /ˌθæ.nəˈtɑl.əd͡ʒ.i/ /θan.əˈtɒl.əd͡ʒ.i/ thanatologies n
báseolaíocht
The scientific study of death and the practices associated with it, including the study of the needs of the terminally ill and their families.

thane /θeɪn/ thanes n
taen
(historical) A rank of nobility in pre-Norman England, roughly equivalent to baron.

thank /ðæŋk/ /θæŋk/ [t̪eɪ̯ŋk] [ðeɪ̯ŋk] [θeɪ̯ŋk] v
gabh buíochas (le)
(transitive) To express gratitude or appreciation toward.

thank God interjection
buíochas le Dia
Used to express gratitude or relief.

thank you /ˈðæŋk ˌju/ /ˈθæŋk ˌju/ [ˈt̪eɪ̯ŋk ˌju] [ˈðeɪ̯ŋk ˌju] [ˈθeɪ̯ŋk ˌju] interjection
go raibh maith agat go raibh maith agaibh
An expression of gratitude or politeness in response to something done or given. [from c. 1400]

thank you all interjection
go raibh maith agaibh uile
A thank you to a group of people.

thank you very much interjection
go raibh míle maith agat
Said to express greater gratitude than would be conveyed by thank you.

thanks /t̪ʰaŋks/ /ðæŋks/ /θæŋks/ interjection
go raibh maith agat go raibh maith agaibh
Used to express appreciation or gratitude.

that /ðət/ /ˈd̪æt/ /ˈd̪æʈ/ /ˈd̪ɛt/ /ˈd̪ʱæʈ/ /ˈðæt/ /ˈðɛt/ conjunction
go
Introducing a clause that is the object of a verb, especially a reporting verb or verb expressing belief, knowledge, perception, etc.
Introducing a clause that describes the information content of a preceding reporting noun.

that /ðət/ /ˈd̪æt/ /ˈd̪æʈ/ /ˈd̪ɛt/ /ˈd̪ʱæʈ/ /ˈðæt/ /ˈðɛt/ those determiner
an sin
The (thing, person, idea, etc) indicated or understood from context, especially if more remote physically, temporally or mentally than one designated as "this", or if expressing distinction.

that /ðət/ /ˈd̪æt/ /ˈd̪æʈ/ /ˈd̪ɛt/ /ˈd̪ʱæʈ/ /ˈðæt/ /ˈðɛt/ pronoun
sin siúd
(demonstrative) The thing, person, idea, quality, event, action, or time indicated or understood from context, especially if more remote geographically, temporally or mentally than one designated as "this", or if expressing distinction. [from 9thc.]
(Northern England, Manchester, Liverpool) Clipping of that is; used to reinforce the preceding assertion or statement.

that is adv
eadhon
(conjunctive) In other words; that is to say. Used to introduce a clarification or explanation

that's it phraseologicalUnit
sin é
that's all (there is nothing more to the issue)

that's that phraseologicalUnit
sin é
(idiomatic) There is nothing more to say or to do concerning the matter and is not up for discussion or debate.

thatch /θæt͡ʃ/ thatches n
tuí
Straw, rushes, or similar, used for making or covering the roofs of buildings, or of stacks of hay or grain.

thatcher /ˈθæt͡ʃ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈθæt͡ʃ.ɚ/ thatchers n
tuíodóir
A person who installs thatch as a roofing material.

the /jiː/ /ð/ /ðeː/ /ði/ /ðiː/ /ðə/ /ðɪ/ /ˈðiː/ /ˈðʌ/ /θeː/ adv
dá + abstract noun, (is ea) is + comp.
With a comparative or with more and a verb phrase, establishes a correlation with one or more other such comparatives.

the /jiː/ /ð/ /ðeː/ /ði/ /ðiː/ /ðə/ /ðɪ/ /ˈðiː/ /ˈðʌ/ /θeː/ article
an na
The definite grammatical article that implies necessarily that the noun phrase it immediately precedes is definitely identifiable

the early bird gets the worm proverb
is leis an mochóirí an lá
Whoever arrives first has the best chance of success; some opportunities are available only to the first competitors.

the end /ði ɛnd/ /ðiː ɛnd/ phraseologicalUnit
nel
Used traditionally at the end of a story or film.

the grass is always greener on the other side proverb
is glas na cnoic a bhfad uainn
The circumstances of others seem more desirable than one's own but in reality often are not.

the next day adv
arna mhárach lá arna mhárach
The day that follows the one just spoken about. (This entry is a translation hub.)

the other day adv
an lá cheana an lá eile an lá faoi dheireadh
(idiomatic) recently; lately; a few days ago.

the penny drops phraseologicalUnit
thit an phingin
(UK, informal) Understanding is reached; one comprehends.

theater /ˈθi(ə)tɚ/ /ˈθi.eɪ.tɚ/ /ˈθiətə/ /ˈθiː.ə.tə/ /ˈθɪə.tə/ /ˈθɪə.tɚ/ /θiˈeɪ.tə/ /θiˈɛt.ə/ [ˈθiə̯tɜ] [ˈθiə̯ɾɜ] theaters n
amharclann
A place or building, consisting of a stage and seating, in which an audience gathers to watch plays, musical performances, public ceremonies, and so on.

theatrical /θiˈætɹɪkəl/ /θiːˈætɹɪkəl/ more theatrical most theatrical adj
amharclannach
Of or relating to the theatre.

thee /ðiː/ pronoun
thú
(now, chiefly, archaic, literary) Objective and reflexive case of thou. [from 8th c.]

theft /θɛft/ thefts n
goid
The act of stealing property.

their /ðɚ/ /ðɛə(ɹ)/ /ðɛɚ/ /ðɛː(ɹ)/ determiner
a
Belonging to, from, of, or relating to, them (plural).

them /ðəm/ /ðɛm/ /ðʌm/ [d̪ɛm] [d̪ʌm] pronoun
iad iadsan
Used as the direct object of a verb.
Used as the indirect object of a verb.
Used as the object of a preposition.
Used as the direct object of a verb.
Used as the indirect object of a verb.
Used as the object of a preposition.

theme /θiːm/ themes n
cuspóir
ábhar téama
A subject, now especially of a talk or an artistic piece; a topic.
téama
(music) The main melody of a piece of music, especially one that is the source of variations.

theme song theme songs n
ceol teidil
(music, broadcasting) A song which accompanies a television or radio program, usually as an intro or outro.

then /ðen/ /ðɛn/ adv
ansin
(temporal location) At that time.
i ndiadh sin
(temporal location) Soon afterward.

then and there adv
ar an bhfáscadh sin ar an iarracht sin ar an spota ar an ásc sin den fháscadh sin lom díreach
(idiomatic) Right at that moment in time and on the spot; immediately.

theodolite /θiːˈɒdəlaɪt/ theodolites n
teodailít
A surveying instrument, consisting of a small mounted telescope, used to measure horizontal and vertical angles.

theorbo /θi.ˈɔɹ.boʊ/ /θi.ˈɔː.bəʊ/ theorboes theorbos n
siotaróiné
(musical instruments) A baroque, double-necked lute having an extra set of open bass strings.

theorem /ˈθiː.ə.ɹəm/ /ˈθɪəɹ.əm/ theorems n
teoirim
(mathematics) A mathematical statement of some importance that has been proven to be true. Minor theorems are often called propositions. Theorems which are not very interesting in themselves but are an essential part of a bigger theorem's proof are called lemmas.
(mathematics, colloquial, nonstandard) A mathematical statement that is expected to be true

theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛt.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌθiːˈɹet.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌθɪəˈɹɛtɪkəl/ [ˌθi.əˈɹɛɾ.ɪ.kl̩] [ˌθiːˈɹet.ɪ.kl̩] [ˌθɪə̯ˈɹɛt.ɪ.kl̩] more theoretical most theoretical adj
teoiriciúil
Of or relating to theory; abstract; not empirical.

theorist /ˈθiːəɹəst/ /ˈθɪəɹəst/ /ˈθɪəɹɪst/ /ˈθɪɹəst/ theorists n
teoiricí
Someone who constructs theories, especially in the arts or sciences.

theory /ˈθi.ə.ɹi/ /ˈθiː.ə.ɹi/ /ˈθɪə.ɹi/ /ˈθɪɚ.i/ /ˈθɪɹ.i/ theories n
teoiric
A description of an event or system that is considered to be accurate.
(sciences) A coherent statement or set of ideas that explains observed facts or phenomena and correctly predicts new facts or phenomena not previously observed, or which sets out the laws and principles of something known or observed; a hypothesis confirmed by observation, experiment etc. [from 17th c.]
(mathematics) A field of study attempting to exhaustively describe a particular class of constructs. [from 18th c.]
(countable, logic) A set of axioms together with all statements derivable from them; or, a set of statements which are deductively closed. Equivalently, a formal language plus a set of axioms (from which can then be derived theorems). The statements may be required to all be bound (i.e., to have no free variables).

theory of relativity theories of relativity n
teoiric ghinearálta na coibhneasachta teoiric na coibhneasachta
(physics) The theories of special relativity and general relativity, two theories in physics developed mainly by Albert Einstein at the beginning of the 20th century from which several important results such as the equivalence of matter and energy and the Einstein field equations are derived.

there /ðeː(ɹ)/ /ðə(ɹ)/ /ðɚ/ /ðɛə(ɹ)/ /ðɛɚ/ /ðɛɹ/ adv
ansin ansiúd
(location) In a place or location (stated, implied or otherwise indicated) at some distance from the speaker (compare here).
(figuratively) In that matter, relation, etc.; at that point, stage, etc., regarded as a distinct place.
ansin
(location) To or into that place; thither.
ann
In this world, used to say that someone or something exists; see pronoun section below.

there are phraseologicalUnit
bí ann
. see also there is.

there be v
bí ann
The specified thing exists, physically or abstractly.

there is v
bí ann
. Used to indicate the existence of something physical or abstract. See also there are.

there you go phraseologicalUnit
sin agat é
You have done it, or are doing it, correctly.

there's more than one way to skin a cat proverb
is iomaí bealach le cat a mharú seachas é a thachtadh le him is iomaí slí chun beithíoch a fheannadh
(originally, US) A problem generally has more than one solution; there is more than one way to achieve a goal.

there's no place like home proverb
níl aon tinteán mar do thinteán féin
One feels most comfortable at home.

therefore /ˈðɛə.fɔː/ /ˈðɛɚ.fɔɹ/ /ˈðɜːɹˌfɔːɹ/ adv
dá bhrí sin
(conjunctive) Consequently, by or in consequence of that or this cause; referring to something previously stated.

thermal /ˈθɝməl/ adj
teirmeach
Pertaining to heat or temperature.

thermo- /θɜɹ.moʊ-/ /θɜː.məʊ-/ prefix
teirmi-
thermal: heat; temperature.

thermocouple thermocouples n
teirmeachúpla
(physics) A transducer consisting of two different metals welded together at each end; a voltage is produced that is proportional to the difference in temperature between the two junctions (one of which is normally held at a known temperature)

thermodynamic /ˌθɝmoʊdaɪˈnæmɪk/ adj
teirmidinimice teirmidinimiciúil
Of, or relating to the conversion of heat into other forms of energy.
(physics) Of, or relating to thermodynamics.

thermodynamic temperature thermodynamic temperatures n
teocht theirmidinimiciúil
(physics) Temperature defined in terms of the laws of thermodynamics rather than the properties of a real material: expressed in kelvins.

thermodynamics /-dɪ-/ /-mə-/ /-məʊ-/ /ˌθɜː(ɹ)moʊdaɪˈnæmɪks/ n
teirmidinimic
(physics) The science of the conversions between heat and other forms of energy.

thermoelectric more thermoelectric most thermoelectric adj
teirmileictreach
Of, pertaining to, or exhibiting thermoelectricity

thermometer /θəˈmɒmɪtə/ /θɚˈmɑmɪtɚ/ thermometers n
teirmiméadar
An apparatus used to measure temperature.

thermoplastic adj
teirmeaplaisteach
softening when heated and hardening when cooled, and thus able to be moulded

thermosphere thermospheres n
teirmeasféar
The layer of the Earth's atmosphere directly above the mesosphere and directly below the exosphere.

thermotaxis thermotaxes n
teirmealuadar
(biology) Movement in response to temperature

thermotropy n
teirmeatrópacht
The condition of being thermotropic

thesaurus /θɪˈsɔːɹəs/ thesauri thesauruses n
stórchiste
A publication, traditionally in the form of a printed book and now often online, that provides synonyms (and sometimes antonyms and other semantic relations) for the words of a given language.

they /ðeɪ/ pronoun
siad iad iadsan siadsan
(the third-person plural nominative) A group of entities previously mentioned. [since the 1200s]

thiamine thiamines n
tiaimín
(vitamin) One of the constituents of vitamin B complex, found in meat, yeast and bran, that is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates.

thick /θɘk/ /θɪk/ thicker thickest adj
tiubh
Relatively great in extent from one surface to the opposite in its smallest solid dimension.

thick-headed more thick-headed most thick-headed adj
ceannramhar
sluggish and obtuse of mind

thickness /ˈθɪknəs/ thicknesses n
tiús
(uncountable) The property of being thick (in dimension).
(uncountable, countable) A measure of how thick (in dimension) something is.

thief /θif/ /θiːf/ thieves n
gadaí
One who carries out a theft.

thieving /ˈθiːvɪŋ/ adj
bradach
That thieves; that steals; inclined to steal

thieving /ˈθiːvɪŋ/ thievings n
bradaíl gadaíocht ropaireacht
The action of theft.

thigh /θaɪ/ thighs n
ceathrú leis láirig sliasaid
The upper leg of a human, between the hip and the knee. [from 8th c.]

thigh boot thigh boots n
buatais cheathrún
A boot that rises as high as the wearer's thigh.

thigmotropism thigmotropisms n
tigmeatrópacht
(biology) Growth or motion in response to touch

thimble /ˈθɪmb(ə)l/ thimbles n
méaracán
(sewing) A pitted, now usually metal, cup-shaped cap worn on the tip of a finger, which is used in sewing to push the needle through material.
lán méaracáin
As much as fills a thimble (sense 1); a thimbleful.
bianna
(technology) A socket in machinery shaped like a thimble.
súil
(nautical) A metal ring which a cable or rope intended for attaching to other things is looped around as a protection against chafing.

thimbleful thimblefuls thimblesful n
lán méaracáin
As much as a thimble will hold.

thimblerigger thimbleriggers n
fear méaracán fear na méaracán
Someone who cheats by thimblerigging, or similar tricks involving sleight of hand.

thin /fɪn/ /θɪn/ thinner thinnest adj
caol tanaí
Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite.
Very narrow in all diameters; having a cross section that is small in all directions.
caol
Having little body fat or flesh; slim; slender; lean; gaunt.

thin /fɪn/ /θɪn/ v
séimhigh
(transitive) To make thin or thinner.

thing /θɪŋ/ things n
rud ní
That which is considered to exist as a separate entity, object, quality or concept.
rud
A word, symbol, sign, or other referent that can be used to refer to any entity.
An individual object or distinct entity.

think /θɪŋk/ [fɪŋk] [θæŋk] [θɪŋk] v
smaoinigh síl ceap
(intransitive) To communicate to oneself in one's mind, to try to find a solution to a problem.
smaoinigh síl
(intransitive) To conceive of something or someone (usually followed by of; infrequently, by on).
síl ceap smaoinigh
(transitive) To be of opinion (that); to consider, judge, regard, or look upon (something) as.
síl ceap
(transitive) To guess; to reckon.

thinness thinnesses n
caoile
The state or quality of being thin.

third /tʰʊːɹd/ /t̪ɔɪd/ /θɜːd/ /θɝd/ adj
tríú
The ordinal form of the cardinal number three; Coming after the second.

third /tʰʊːɹd/ /t̪ɔɪd/ /θɜːd/ /θɝd/ thirds n
trian treana
One of three equal parts of a whole.
tréach
(music) An interval consisting of the first and third notes in a scale.

third wheel third wheels n
éan corr
(idiomatic) An unwanted third party accompanying two people on a date.

third-degree burn third-degree burns n
ball dóite den tríú grád
A severe burn that destroys skin and underlying tissue and exposes nerve endings.

thirst /θɜːst/ /θɝst/ thirsts n
tart íota
A sensation of dryness in the throat associated with a craving for liquids, produced by deprivation of drink, or by some other cause (such as fear, excitement, etc.) which stops the secretion of the pharyngeal mucous membrane.

thirsty /ˈθɜːs.ti/ /ˈθɝs.ti/ thirstier thirstiest adj
tart
(informal, uncommon) Causing thirst; giving one a need to drink.

thirteen /ˈθɜː.tiːn/ /ˈθɝ.tin/ /ˈθɝt.tin/ /ˌθɜːˈtiːn/ /ˌθɝtin/ /ˌθɝtˈtin/ numeral
trí déag
The cardinal number occurring after twelve and before fourteen, represented in Roman numerals as XIII and in Arabic numerals as 13.

thirteenth /ˌθɜːˈtiːnθ/ /ˌθɝˈtiːnθ/ adj
tríú ... déag
The ordinal form of the number thirteen.

thirtieth /ˈθɜːti.əθ/ /ˈθɝti.əθ/ adj
tríochadú
The ordinal form of the number thirty.

thirtieth /ˈθɜːti.əθ/ /ˈθɝti.əθ/ thirtieths n
tríochadú
One of thirty equal parts of a whole.

thirty /ˈθɜːti/ /ˈθɝti/ [ˈθɝɾi] numeral
tríocha
The cardinal number occurring after twenty-nine and before thirty-one, represented in Arabic numerals as 30.

this /ðəs/ /ðɪs/ these determiner
seo
The (thing) here (used in indicating something or someone nearby).

this /ðəs/ /ðɪs/ pronoun
seo
The thing, item, etc. being indicated.

this year adv
i mbliana
The current year. (This entry is a translation hub.)

thistle /θɪsl̩/ thistles n
feochadán cluarán
This plant seen as the national emblem of Scotland.

thistledown thistledowns n
canach feochadáin
The soft, feathery pappus attached to the seeds of a thistle.

thither /ˈðɪðə/ /ˈðɪðɚ/ /ˈθɪðə/ /ˈθɪðɚ/ adv
anonn sall
(chiefly, literary, or, law, archaic) To that place.

thixotropy n
ticseatrópacht
(medicine) The property of certain gels whereby they become fluids when agitated and return to being solid or semi-solid when allowed to stand.

thong /θɑŋ/ /θɒŋ/ /θɔŋ/ thongs n
iall
A strip of leather.
flip fleap
(usually, in the plural, Australia) An item of footwear, usually of rubber, secured by two straps which join to pass between the big toe and its neighbour.

thoracic /θəˈɹæsɪk/ adj
tóracsach
(anatomy) Of the thorax.

thorax /ˈθɔɹæks/ thoraces thoraxes n
cliabhrach tóracs
(anatomy) The region of the mammalian body between the neck and abdomen as well as the cavity containing the heart and lungs.
tóracs
(entomology, and, arachnology) The middle of three distinct divisions in an insect, crustacean or arachnid body to which the legs are attached.

thorium /ˈθɔːɹiəm/ thoriums n
tóiriam
A chemical element (symbol Th) with atomic number 90: a weakly radioactive, malleable, moderately hard silvery metal that tarnishes black when exposed to air.

thorn /θoɹn/ /θɔːn/ /θɔːɹn/ [θo̞ɹn] thorns n
dealg
(botany) A sharp protective spine of a plant.

thorn in someone's side thorns in someone's side n
bior sa bheo tairne sa bheo
(idiomatic) A persistent annoyance.

thornbush thornbushes n
sceach sceacha
Any of many thorny or spiny shrubs and bushes.

thorny /ˈθɔɹni/ /ˈθɔːni/ thornier thorniest adj
deilgneach spíonach
Having thorns or spines

thoroughbred thoroughbreds n
capall ardfhola
(loosely) Any purebred horse.
A person of uncommon strength or endurance (like that of a thoroughbred horse).

thoroughness /ˈθɜɹoʊnəs/ /ˈθʌɹoʊnəs/ /ˈθʌɹənəs/ /ˈθʌɹəʊnəs/ thoroughnesses n
cruinneas
The state of being thorough.

thou /ðaʊ/ /ðuː/ ye pronoun
tú
(archaic, dialectal, literary, religion, or humorous) . [chiefly up to early 17th c.]

though /ðoʊ/ /ðəʊ/ conjunction
cé go
Despite the fact that; although.

thought /θoːt/ /θɑt/ /θɒt/ /θɔt/ /θɔːt/ thoughts n
smaoineamh
(countable) Representation created in the mind without the use of one's faculties of vision, sound, smell, touch, or taste; an instance of thinking.

thoughtful /ˈθɑtfəl/ /ˈθɔtfəl/ /ˈθɔːtfəl/ /ˈθɔːtfʊl/ more thoughtful most thoughtful adj
cuimhneach cásmhar
Demonstrating thought or careful consideration.
cásmhar
Demonstrating kindness or consideration for others.

thousand /ˈθaʊz(ə)n(d)/ /ˈθaʊz(ə)nd/ [ˈθaʊ̯zn̩d] thousands numeral
míle
A numerical value equal to 1,000 = 10 × 100 = 103 (1 E+3 exactly—in scientific E notation.)

thousandth /ˈθaʊzəndtθ/ /ˈθaʊzəndð/ /ˈθaʊzəntθ/ /ˈθaʊzənð/ /ˈθaʊzənθ/ adj
míliú
last in order of a series of a thousand; next after the nine hundred and ninety-ninth.

thrash /θɹæʃ/ v
gread greasáil liúr
To beat mercilessly.

thrashing /ˈθɹæʃɪŋ/ thrashings n
greasáil
A beating, especially a severe one.

thread /θɹɛd/ [θɾ̪̊ɛd] threads n
snáth snáithe
A long, thin and flexible form of material, generally with a round cross-section, used in sewing, weaving or in the construction of string.
snáithe snáth
(Internet) A series of messages, generally grouped by subject, in which all messages except the first are replies to previous messages in the thread.
snáithe
A filament, as of a flower, or of any fibrous substance, as of bark.

thread /θɹɛd/ [θɾ̪̊ɛd] v
snáithe a chur
(transitive) To put thread through.
To screw on; to fit the threads of a nut on a bolt.

threadbare /-bɛː/ /ˈθɹɛdbɛə/ /ˈθɹɛdˌbɛ(ə)ɹ/ more threadbare most threadbare adj
ar an bhfáithim barrchaite lom lomchaite scáineach scáinte
Of cloth, clothing, furnishings, etc.: frayed and worn to an extent that the nap is damaged and the warp and weft threads show; shabby, worn-out.

threadworm threadworms n
snáthphéist
A parasitic roundworm, Strongyloides stercoralis, which causes strongyloidiasis.

threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/ v
bagair
To make a threat against someone; to use threats.
To menace, or be dangerous.
To portend, or give a warning of.

three /fɹiː/ /θɹiː/ [t̪ɾ̪̊iː] [θɹi] [θɹ̥i] [θɹ̥ɪi] [θɾ̪̊i] [θɾ̪̊iː] [θɾ̪̊ɪi] numeral
trí
A numerical value after two and before four. Represented in Arabic digits as 3; this many dots (•••).

three-cornered adj
triantánach

three-legged /ˈθɹiːlɛɡd/ /θɹiːˈlɛɡɪd/ adj
tríchosach
having three legs

threefold adj
trí-aonta
Three times as great.

thresher /ˈθɹɛʃə(ɹ)/ threshers n
buailteoir inneall buailte
(agriculture) A modern farm machine for threshing grain, now a part of combine harvesters rather than a separate implement.

thresher shark thresher sharks n
sionnach mara
Any of the species of sharks in the genus Alopias, three of which are extant.

threshing floor threshing floors n
urlár buailte
The floor of a threshing house or similar area where grain is threshed.

threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/ /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)əʊld/ [ˈθɹɛʃ(h)ɒʊɫd] thresholds n
tairseach
The lowermost part of a doorway that one crosses to enter; a sill.

thrice /θɹaɪs/ [θɾ̪̊äɪs] [θɾ̪̊ɑɪs] adv
trí huaire
(archaic, outside, India) Three times.

thrift /θɹɪft/ thrifts n
barainn tábhacht
(uncountable) The characteristic of using a minimum of something (especially money).
rabhán
(countable) Any of various plants of the genus Armeria, particularly Armeria maritima.

thriftiness thriftinesses n
baileachas bainistíocht críonnacht tíosaíocht
The property of being thrifty.

thrifty /ˈθɹɪfti/ thriftier thriftiest adj
críonna
tábhachtach
(dated) Thriving, prosperous, successful; (of an animal or plant) growing rapidly or vigorously.

thrill /θɹɪl/ [t̪ɾ̪̊ɪl] [θɹ̥ɪɫ] [θɾ̪̊ɪl] [θɾ̪̊ɪɫ] thrills n
díoth
A trembling or quivering, especially one caused by emotion.

thriving /ˈθɹaɪ.vɪŋ/ /ˈθɹɑɪ.vɪŋ/ more thriving most thriving adj
fásmhar rafar
That thrives; successful; flourishing or prospering.

throat /ˈθɹoʊt/ /ˈθɹəʊt/ throats n
scóig
A narrow opening in a vessel.
scornach craos craos foirnéise
The part of a chimney between the gathering, or portion of the funnel which contracts in ascending, and the flue.

throb /θɹɑb/ /θɹɒb/ /θɹɔb/ throbs n
buille cuisle
A beating, vibration or palpitation.

throb /θɹɑb/ /θɹɒb/ /θɹɔb/ v
frithbhuail preab
(intransitive) To vibrate or pulsate with a steady rhythm.

thrombocytopenia thrombocytopenias n
trombaicítipéine
(hematology) An abnormally low number of platelets in the blood.

thrombosis /θɹɑmˈboʊsɪs/ /θɹɒmˈbəʊsɪs/ thromboses n
trombóis
(pathology) The formation of thrombi in the blood vessels of a living organism, causing obstruction of the circulation.

thrombotic more thrombotic most thrombotic adj
trombóideach
(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or caused by thrombosis

throne [tɹoʊn] [θɹoʊn] [θɹəʊn] thrones n
cathaoir ríoga ríchathaoir
The seat of a bishop in the cathedral-church of his diocese; also, the seat of a pope.

throng /θɹɑŋ/ /θɹɒŋ/ /θɹɔŋ/ throngs n
plód pulcadh slua
A group of people crowded or gathered closely together.

throng /θɹɑŋ/ /θɹɒŋ/ /θɹɔŋ/ v
plúch
(transitive) To crowd into a place, especially to fill it.
plódaigh
(intransitive) To congregate.

throttle /ˈθɹɑ.tl̩/ /ˈθɹɑ.təl/ /ˈθɹɒt.l̩/ /ˈθɹɔ.təl/ throttles n
scóig
A valve that regulates the supply of fuel-air mixture to an internal combustion engine and thus controls its speed; a similar valve that controls the air supply to an engine.
The lever or pedal that controls this valve.

through /θɹu/ /θɹuː/ preposition
trí
From one side of an opening to the other.

through traffic n
tréthrácht
(traffic) Vehicles which are passing through an area without originating or stopping there.

throughout /θɹaʊt/ /θɹuˈʌʊt/ /θɹuːˈaʊt/ preposition
ar fud
In every part of; all through.

throw /θɹoʊ/ /θɹəʊ/ [θɾ̪̊oʊ] [θɾ̪̊əʊ] v
caith
To twist two or more filaments of (silk, etc.) so as to form one thread; to twist together, as singles, in a direction contrary to the twist of the singles themselves; sometimes applied to the whole class of operations by which silk is prepared for the weaver.

throw in the towel v
an tuáille a chaitheamh isteach do hata a chaitheamh leis do lámh a chaitheamh i bpaca
(idiomatic) To quit; to give up.

throw the baby out with the bathwater /θɹoʊ ðə ˈbeɪbi aʊt wɪθ ðə ˈbæθwɔtɚ/ /θɹəʊ ðə ˈbeɪbi aʊt wɪð ðə ˈbɑːθwɔːtə(ɹ)/ v
an t-asal a dhíol leis an adhastar
(idiomatic) To discard, especially inadvertently, something valuable while in the process of removing or rejecting something unwanted.

throw up v
caith suas
(ambitransitive) To give up, abandon something.

thrush /θɹʌʃ/ thrushes n
salachar béil
smólach
Any of numerous species of songbirds of the cosmopolitan family Turdidae, such as the song thrush, mistle thrush, bluebird, and American robin.

thud /ˈθʌd/ thuds n
trost tuairt
The sound of a dull impact.

thug /ʈʰəɡ/ /θʌɡ/ thugs n
amhas bithiúnach maistín
A person who is affiliated with a criminal gang or engages in violent criminal activity.

thulium /ˈθjuːliəm/ /ˈθuːliəm/ n
túiliam
A metallic chemical element (symbol Tm) with atomic number 69: a fairly soft, easily workable metal with a bright silvery-gray lustre.

thumb /θʌm/ thumbs n
ordóg
The short thick digit of the hand that for humans has the most mobility and can be made to oppose (moved to touch) all of the other fingers.

thumbnail /ˈθʌm.neɪl/ thumbnails n
ionga ordóige
The fingernail on the thumb.

thumbscrew /ˈθʌmskɹuː/ thumbscrews n
scriú sciathánach
A screw that can be turned with the thumb and fingers.
bís ordóige scriú sciathánach
An instrument of torture used to crush the fingers.

thumbtack /ˈθʌm.tæk/ thumbtacks n
tacóid ordóige
(North America) A small nail-like tack with a slightly rounded head that can be pressed into place with light pressure from the thumb; used for hanging light articles on a wall or noticeboard.

thump /θʌmp/ thumps n
tump
A blow that produces a muffled sound.
The sound of such a blow; a thud.

thump /θʌmp/ v
gread
(transitive, mainly, _, UK) To hit (someone or something) as if to make a thump.

thunder /ˈθʌndə/ /ˈθʌndɚ/ thunders n
toirneach
The loud rumbling, cracking, or crashing sound caused by expansion of rapidly heated air around a lightning bolt.
tormán
A deep, rumbling noise resembling thunder.

thunderstorm /ˈθʌn.dəˌstɔːm/ /ˈθʌn.dɚˌstɔɹm/ thunderstorms n
stoirm thoirní léidearnach thoirní spéirling
A storm consisting of thunder and lightning produced by a cumulonimbus, usually accompanied with heavy rain, wind, and sometimes hail; and in rarer cases sleet, freezing rain, or snow.

thus /ˈðʌs/ adv
amhlaidh
(manner) In this way or manner.
mar sin uaidh seo
(conjunctive) As a result.

thylacine /ˈθailəsiːn/ thylacines n
tílicín
A carnivorous marsupial (†Thylacinus cynocephalus) which was native to Tasmania, now extinct.

thyme /taɪm/ thymes n
tím
Any plant of the labiate genus Thymus, such as garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris), a warm, pungent aromatic, that is much used to give a relish to seasoning and soups.

thymus /ˈθaɪ.məs/ thymi thymuses n
faireog thímis tímeas
(anatomy, immunology) Ellipsis of thymus gland (“A ductless gland, consisting mainly of lymphatic tissue, located behind the top of the breastbone. It is most active during puberty, after which it shrinks in size. It plays an important role in the development of the immune system and produces lymphocytes.”).

thyroid /ˈθaɪ.ɹɔɪd/ adj
tíoróideach
(anatomy) Of, relating to, or being the thyroid gland.

thyroid gland thyroid glands n
faireog thíoróideach
(anatomy) A large butterfly-shaped endocrine gland situated on the front of the neck that produces various hormones.

tick /tɪk/ ticks n
sceartán ceartán
A tiny woodland arachnid of the suborder Ixodida.

ticket /ˈtɪkət/ /ˈtɪkɪt/ tickets n
ticéad
A pass entitling the holder to admission to a show, concert, etc.
A pass entitling the holder to board a train, a bus, a plane, or other means of transportation
ticéad ticéad páirceála
A citation for a traffic violation.

ticking /ˈtɪkɪŋ/ tickings n
éadach tochta
A strong cotton or linen fabric used to cover pillows and mattresses.

tickle /ˈtɪkl̩/ tickles n
cigilt
The act of tickling.

tickle /ˈtɪkl̩/ v
cigil
(transitive) To touch repeatedly or stroke delicately in a manner which causes laughter, pleasure and twitching.
(transitive) To unexpectedly touch or stroke delicately in a manner which causes displeasure or withdrawal.

ticklish /ˈtɪk(ə)lɪʃ/ more ticklish most ticklish adj
cigilteach
Sensitive or susceptible to being tickled.
Touchy, sensitive, or delicate.

tidal /ˈtaɪd(ə)l/ adj
taoidmhear
Relating to tides.

tidal flat tidal flats n
réileán taoid
The bed of a tidal river, estuary, or shallow sea such as the Wadden Sea which is uncovered at low tide.

tidal wave /ˈtaɪdəlweɪv/ tidal waves n
muirbhrúcht tonn taoide tonn tuile
A large and sudden rise and fall in the tide.
súnámaí
(proscribed) A large, sudden, and disastrous wave of water caused by a tremendous disturbance in the ocean; a tsunami. (See Usage notes below.)

tiddler tiddlers n
snáthaid mhara
(British, informal) A small fish, especially a stickleback.

tide /taɪd/ [tʰaːd] [tʰɑe̯d] tides n
taoide
The periodic change of the sea level, particularly when caused by the gravitational influence of the sun and the moon.

tide gate tide gates n
geata taoide
An opening through which water may flow freely when the tide moves in one direction, but which closes automatically and prevents the water from flowing in the other direction.

tideway tideways n
sruth taoide
A channel in which the tide sets, especially in the tidal part of a river.

tidiness tidinesses n
ordúlacht slacht
The quality of being tidy.

tidy /ˈtaɪdi/ tidier tidiest adj
cúirialta
Arranged neatly and in order.

tidy /ˈtaɪdi/ tidies n
coimeádán gabhdán
A tabletop container for pens and stationery.

tiger /ˈtaɪɡə/ /ˈtaɪɡɚ/ [ˈtʌɪɡɚ] n
tíogar
Panthera tigris, a large predatory mammal of the cat family, indigenous to Asia.

tiger beetle tiger beetles n
ciaróg thíograch
Any active, carnivorous beetle (species) of the subfamily Cicindelinae.

tiger moth tiger moths n
leamhan tíograch
Certain stout-bodied moths of the family Arctiidae.

tiger prawn tiger prawns n
cloicheán tíograch cloicheán tíograch mór
A large marine crustacean (Penaeus monodon), widely reared for food

tiger shark tiger sharks n
siorc tíograch
A large shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, of wide warm-water distribution, that hunts alone and has dark stripes across its back.

tighten /ˈtaɪ.tən/ [ˈtʰaɪ̯tn̩] [ˈtʰaɪ̯ʔn̩] v
dlúthaigh
(transitive) To make tighter.
(intransitive) To become tighter.

tights /taɪts/ n
riteoga
A close-fitting, sheer or non-sheer skin-tight garment worn principally by women and girls that covers the body completely from the waist down, usually including the feet.
(dance) A similar, non-sheer garment worn by dancers of either sex, especially by ballet dancers.

tile /taɪl/ /ˈtaɪ.əl/ tiles n
tíl
A regularly-shaped slab of clay or other material, affixed to cover or decorate a surface, as in a roof-tile, glazed tile, stove tile, carpet tile, etc.

till /tɪl/ conjunction
go dtí go
Until, until the time that.

till /tɪl/ preposition
go dtí
Until; to, up to; as late as (a given time).

tillage /ˈtɪlɪd͡ʒ/ tillages n
ar
The cultivation of arable land by plowing, sowing and raising crops.

tiller /ˈtɪlə/ tillers n
meathán íochtair
A shoot of a plant which springs from the root or bottom of the original stalk; a sapling; a sucker.
halmadóir maide stiúrach
(nautical) The handle of the rudder which the helmsman holds to steer the boat, a piece of wood or metal extending forward from the rudder over or through the transom. Generally attached at the top of the rudder.

tilt /tɪlt/ tilts n
maig
The inclination of part of the body, such as backbone, pelvis, head, etc.

tilt at windmills v
dul i ngleic le samhailtí
(intransitive) To attack imaginary enemies.

timber /ˈtɪmbə/ /ˈtɪmbɚ/ [ˈtɪˑmˌbəː] [ˈtɪˑmˌbɚː] timbers n
adhmad
(uncountable) Trees in a forest regarded as a source of wood.
ánshraith
(countable) A heavy wooden beam, generally a whole log that has been squared off and used to provide heavy support for something such as a roof.

time /taɪm/ /tɑɪm/ /tɜːm/ [tʰaɪ̯m] [tʰɑe̯m] times n
am aimsir
(uncountable) The inevitable progression into the future with the passing of present and past events.
am uair
(countable) A measurement of a quantity of time; a numerical or general indication of a length of progression.
uair
(countable) An instance or occurrence.
uair am
(uncountable) The duration of time of a given day that has passed; the moment, as indicated by a clock or similar device.

time bomb time bombs n
buama ama
A bomb that has a mechanism such that detonation can be preset to a particular time.

time dilation time dilations n
iarmhairt amleata
(physics) The slowing of the passage of time experienced by objects in motion relative to an observer; measurable only at relativistic speeds.

time heals all wounds proverb
am a leigheasann gach créacht
Negative feelings eventually fade away.

time off n
am saor
(idiomatic, business, human resources) A period of time where one is not required to work.

time scale time scales n
amscála
A series of events used as a rough measure of duration.
(computer science) The ratio of the duration of time of an event as simulated by an analog computer to the actual duration of time of the event in the physical system under study.

time travel n
amthaisteal taisteal san/trí am
(chiefly, science fiction) Travel to the past or the future, typically by means of a time machine or a wormhole.

time zone time zones n
amchrios
A range of longitudes where a common standard time is used.

timebook timebooks n
leabhar ama
A book recording the time spent on tasks by employees.

timeliness timelinesses n
tráthúlacht
The state of being timely.

timely /ˈtaɪmli/ timelier timeliest adj
tráthúil ócáideach
Done at the proper time or within the proper time limits; prompt.
Happening or appearing at the proper time.

times /taɪmz/ /tɑemz/ /tɜːmz/ preposition
faoi
(mathematics) Multiplied by.

timesheet timesheets n
bileog ama
(business, human resources) A document that allows for the recording of hours worked on various tasks that is used as input for payroll, project accounting or client billing processes.

timetable /ˈtaɪmˌteɪbəl/ timetables n
amchlár clár ama tráthchlár
A tabular schedule of events with the times at which they occur, especially times of arrivals and departures.

timid /ˈtɪmɪd/ timider timidest adj
faiteach
Lacking in courage or confidence.

timorous /ˈtɪməɹəs/ /ˈtɪmɹəs/ more timorous most timorous adj
faiteach
Fearful; afraid; timid.

timothy /ˈtɪməθi/ timothies n
tiomóid
Other species of genus Phleum.

timpani /ˈtɪmpəni/ timpanis n
tiompán
(musical instruments) The set of precision kettledrums in an orchestra.

timpanist timpanists n
tiompánaí
Someone who plays the timpani.

tin /tɪn/ [tʰɪn] tins n
stán
(uncountable) A malleable, ductile, metallic element, resistant to corrosion, with atomic number 50 and symbol Sn.

tin-plate v
stánaigh
(transitive) To coat (something, especially steel sheet) with tin, either by dipping or electroplating.

tinder /ˈtɪn.də/ /ˈtɪn.dɚ/ tinders n
sponc
Small dry sticks and finely-divided fibrous matter etc., used to help light a fire.

tinker /ˈtɪŋkə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɪŋkɚ/ tinkers n
tincéir
An itinerant tinsmith and mender of household utensils made of metal.
(dated, chiefly, British, and, Irish, offensive) A member of the Irish Traveller community or of other itinerant groups; a gypsy.
scabhaitéir
(usually with "little") A mischievous person, especially a playful, impish youngster.

tinnitus /tɪˈnaɪ.təs/ /ˈtɪn.ə.təs/ /ˈtɪn.ɪ.təs/ tinnituses n
tinniteas
(otolaryngology, pathology) The perception of noise, such as a ringing or beating sound, which has no external source.

tiny /ˈtaɪni/ tinier tiniest adj
bídeach
Very small.

tip /tɪp/ tips n
síneadh láimhe
A gratuity; a small amount of money left for a bartender, waiter, taxi driver or other servant as a token of appreciation. [from mid-18th c.]

tipcat tipcats n
cead
(uncountable) An old game in which a small piece of wood pointed at both ends is tipped, or struck with a stick or bat, to make it travel through the air as far as possible.
(countable) The wooden piece used in this game.

tipsiness tipsinesses n
bogmheisce
The property of being tipsy.

tiptoe /ˈtɪpˌtoʊ/ /ˈtɪpˌtəʊ/ [ˈtʰɪpˌtʰoʊ̯] [ˈtʰɪpˌtʰəʊ̯] tiptoes n
barraicín
(usually, in the plural) The tip of the toe.

tire /ˈtaɪ̯ə(ɹ)/ /ˈtaɪ̯ɚ/ /ˈtɑːɚ/ /ˈtʌɪ̯ɚ/ [ˈtʰaɪ̯ɚ] v
tuirsigh
(intransitive) To become sleepy or weary.
(transitive) To make sleepy or weary.

tire out v
cuir tuirse ar traoch tuirsigh
To make someone tired; to exhaust.

tired [ˈtajəd] [ˈtaɪ̯əd] [ˈtaɪ̯ɚd] [ˈtæ̞ːəd] [ˈtɑjəd] more tired most tired tireder tiredest adj
tuirseach
In need of some rest or sleep.

tiredness tirednesses n
tuirse
The state of being tired.

tiresome /ˈtaɪəsəm/ /ˈtaɪɹsəm/ more tiresome most tiresome adj
liosta
Causing fatigue or boredom; wearisome.

tiresomeness tiresomenesses n
liostacht
the state or quality of being tiresome; wearisomeness; tediousness.

tissue /ˈtɪs.juː/ /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ /ˈtɪʃ.u/ tissues n
ciarsúr páipéir
A sheet of absorbent paper, especially one that is made to be used as tissue paper, toilet paper or a handkerchief.
fíochán
(biology) A group of cells (along with their extracellular matrix if any) that are similar in origin and function together to do a specific job.

tissue engineering n
innealtóireacht fíochán
An interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function or a whole organ.

tissue paper tissue papers n
páipéar síoda
Thin, translucent paper used for wrapping or for protecting delicate articles.

tit /tɪt/ tits n
brollach
(slang, vulgar, chiefly, in the plural) A person's breast or nipple.
faireog mhamach
(UK, Ireland, slang, derogatory) A police officer; a "tithead".

titanium /taɪˈteɪni.əm/ /tɪˈteɪni.əm/ titaniums n
tíotáiniam
A chemical element, atomic number 22; it is a strong, corrosion-resistant transition metal, used to make light alloys for aircraft etc.

tithe /taɪð/ tithes n
deachú
(historical) The tenth part of the increase arising from the profits of land and stock, allotted to the clergy for their support, as in England, or devoted to religious or charitable uses; a tax taking ten percent of land or stock profits, used for religious or charitable purposes.

title deed title deeds n
gníomhas teidil
(legal) A deed or similar document by which the title to property is conveyed between parties.

titmouse /ˈtɪtmaʊs/ titmice titmouses n
meantán
Any small passerine bird of the family Paridae, which are found in the woods of the Northern Hemisphere and of Africa.

tittle-tattle tittle-tattles n
suainseán
(uncountable) Petty, idle gossip.

tmesis /t(ə)ˈmiːsɪs/ /ˈmiːsɪs/ tmeses n
timéis
(prosody) The insertion of one or more words between the components of a compound word.

to /tu/ /tuː/ /tə/ /tʉː/ /tʊ/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] [tʰʉː] [ɾə] [ɾʊ] particle
a
A particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive.

to /tu/ /tuː/ /tə/ /tʉː/ /tʊ/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] [tʰʉː] [ɾə] [ɾʊ] preposition
chuig chun go go dtí ionsar
Indicating destination: In the direction of, so as to arrive at.
do i in aghaidh
(arithmetic) Used to indicate that the preceding term is to be raised to the power of the following value; indicates exponentiation.
chun go dtí
(time) Preceding the next hour.

to a T
go cruinn beacht
(idiomatic) Precisely; exactly; perfectly; with great attention to detail.

to err is human proverb
is é sin an duine
Everyone makes mistakes.

to tell the truth adv
déanta na fírinne
(idiomatic) An attestation to the truthfulness and frankness of an associated statement.

to the death
go héag
(set phrase, of a contest) That will continue until one of the contestants dies.

toad /toʊd/ /təʊd/ toads n
buaf
An amphibian, a kind of frog (order Anura) with shorter hindlegs and a drier, wartier skin, many in family Bufonidae.

toad in the hole toads in the hole n
buaf i bpoll
(British) A traditional English dish of roasted sausages (or formerly other kinds of meat) in batter.

toadstool /ˈtoʊdˌstu(ə)l/ /ˈtəʊdˌstuːl/ toadstools n
beacán bearaigh
Any inedible or poisonous mushroom, especially an amanita.

toady /ˈtoʊ.di/ /ˈtəʊ.di/ toadies n
Seoinín failpéir
A sycophant who flatters others to gain personal advantage, or an obsequious, servile lackey or minion.

toast /toʊst/ /təʉst/ /təʊst/ toasts n
tósta
(countable, uncountable) Toasted bread.

toaster /ˈtoʊstɚ/ /ˈtəʊstə/ toasters n
tóstaer
An electrical device for toasting bread, English muffins, crumpets, etc.

tobacco /təˈbæk.oʊ/ /təˈbæk.əʊ/ tobaccoes tobaccos n
tobac
(uncountable) Any plant of the genus Nicotiana.
(uncountable) Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and some other species cultivated and harvested to make cigarettes, cigars, snuff, for smoking in pipes or for chewing.
(countable) A variety of tobacco.

tobacco pipe tobacco pipes n
píopa píopa tobac
A small, hand-held device in its simplest form consisting of a bowl and stem; used for inhaling the smoke of burning tobacco.

tobacco water n
sú tobac
A traditional organic insecticide used in domestic gardening, produced by boiling or steeping strong tobacco in water.

tobacconist tobacconists n
tobacadóir
A person who sells tobacco, cigarettes, cigars, snuff and sundry items.

tobacconist's tobacconists' n
siopa tobac
A shop that sells tobacco products.

today /təˈdeɪ/ /tʊˈdeɪ/ [tʰəˈdeɪ] [tʰʉɾeɪː] [tʰʊˈdeɪ] adv
inniu
On the current day or date.
In the current era; nowadays; these days.

today /təˈdeɪ/ /tʊˈdeɪ/ [tʰəˈdeɪ] [tʰʉɾeɪː] [tʰʊˈdeɪ] todays n
an lá inniu inniu
A current day or date.

toddler /ˈtɑdlɚ/ /ˈtɒdlə/ toddlers n
imeachtaí linbh lapadán
A young child who has started walking but not fully mastered it, typically between one and three years old.

toe /toʊ/ /təʊ/ toes n
ladhar méar méar coise
(automotive) An alignment of the wheels of a road vehicle, either positive (toe in), meaning the wheels are closer together at the front than at the back, or negative (toe out), the other way round.

toecap toecaps n
barraicín
(especially) a piece of hard steel or leather on a shoe or boot for protection of the toes.

toffee /ˈtɒfi/ /ˈtɔfi/ toffees n
taifí
(uncountable) A type of confectionery made by boiling sugar (or treacle, etc) with butter or milk, then cooling the mixture so that it becomes hard.

tofu /ˈtoʊfu/ /ˈtəʊfuː/ tofus n
tófú
A protein-rich food made from curdled soy milk.

together /təˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /təˈɡɛðɚ/ /tʊˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /tʊˈɡɛðɚ/ adv
le chéile
At the same time, in the same place; in close association or proximity.

together with /tʊˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ) wɪð/ /tʊˈɡɛðɚ wɪθ/ preposition
in éineacht le
With or in proximity to another person or thing.

toil /tɔɪl/ /ˈtɔɪəl/ toils n
sclábhaíocht
Labour, work, especially of a grueling nature.

toilet /ˈtɔɪ.lət/ /ˈtɔɪ.lɪt/ toilets n
leithreas ionlann
(UK, AU, HK) A room or enclosed area containing a fixture used for urination and defecation (i.e. a toilet (sense 2)): a bathroom or water closet. [from 19th c.]
maisiúchán
(obsolete) A covering of linen, silk, or tapestry, spread over a dressing table in a chamber or dressing room. [17th–19th c.]
(now, historical, or, archaic) Personal grooming; the process of washing, dressing and arranging the hair. [from 17th c.]

toilet bowl toilet bowls n
babhla leithris
Receptacle designed to receive the dejections of humans.

toilet paper toilet papers n
páipéar leithris
Paper, usually on a roll, to clean oneself after defecation, or to pat oneself dry after urination.

toilet roll toilet rolls n
rolla leithris rolla páipéar leithris
(UK) A roll of toilet paper.

toilet seat toilet seats n
suíochán leithris
The hinged, contoured seat with a hole in the middle, often with a hinged cover, of a toilet

tolerable /ˈtɑləɹəbl̩/ /ˈtɒləɹəbl̩/ more tolerable most tolerable adj
réasúnta
Moderate in degree; mediocre; passable, acceptable or so-so.

tolerance /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹəns/ /ˈtɒl.ə.ɹəns/ /ˈtɔl.ə.ɹəns/ tolerances n
fulaingt
(uncountable, obsolete) The ability to endure pain or hardship; endurance. [15th–19th c.]

tolerant /ˈtɑːləɹənt/ /ˈtɒləɹənt/ more tolerant most tolerant adj
fulangach
Tending to permit, allow, understand, or accept something.
Tending to withstand or survive.

toll bridge toll bridges n
doladhroichead droichead custaim droichead dola
A bridge at which a toll is charged for passage.

tollbar tollbars n
bearna chustaim paidhc

toller tollers n
aimseadóir
Short for Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever.

tollgate tollgates n
geata dola paidhc

tom /tɑm/ /tɒm/ toms n
fearchat
The male of the domesticated cat, especially if not neutered.

tomato /təˈmeɪ.toʊ/ /təˈmɑː.təʊ/ /ʈoˈmæʈo/ [-ma-] [tʰəˈme(ː)to(ː)] [tʰəˈmeɪɾo] [tʰɵ-] tomatoes n
tráta
A widely cultivated plant, Solanum lycopersicum, having edible fruit.

tomato juice tomato juices n
sú tráta
Juice made from tomatoes. In modern use, this usually refers to the comminuted flesh and juice of cooked tomatoes, prepared commercially.

tomb /tum/ /tuːm/ tombs n
tuama
A small building (or "vault") for the remains of the dead, with walls, a roof, and (if it is to be used for more than one corpse) a door. It may be partly or wholly in the ground (except for its entrance) in a cemetery, or it may be inside a church proper or in its crypt. Single tombs may be permanently sealed; those for families (or other groups) have doors for access whenever needed.

tomboy /ˈtɑm.bɔɪ/ /ˈtɒm.bɔɪ/ tomboys n
cailín báire
A girl who behaves in a typically boyish manner.

tombstone /tuːmstoʊn/ /tuːmstəʊn/ tombstones n
leac uaighe
A grave marker, a stone slab or similar object marking a person's grave.

tome /toʊm/ /təʊm/ tomes n
mórleabhar
A large or scholarly book.

tomography tomographies n
tomagrafaíocht
Imaging by sections or sectioning.

tomorrow /təˈmɑɹoʊ/ /təˈmɑɹə/ /təˈmɒɹoʊ/ /təˈmɒɹə/ /təˈmɒɹəʊ/ /təˈmɔɹoʊ/ /təˈmʌɹəʊ/ /tʊ-/ /tʊˈmɑɹoʊ/ adv
amárach amáireach
On the day after the present day.

tomorrow /təˈmɑɹoʊ/ /təˈmɑɹə/ /təˈmɒɹoʊ/ /təˈmɒɹə/ /təˈmɒɹəʊ/ /təˈmɔɹoʊ/ /təˈmʌɹəʊ/ /tʊ-/ /tʊˈmɑɹoʊ/ tomorrows n
amárach
(uncountable) The day after the present day.

tonal /ˈtoʊnəl/ /ˈtəʊnəl/ more tonal most tonal adj
tonúil
Of or relating to tones or tonality.
(music) Employing tones that have a predictable relationship to some tonic.
(linguistics) Employing differences in pitch (tones) to distinguish differences in the meaning of otherwise similar words (words which would otherwise be homophonic).

tone /toʊn/ /təʊn/ tones n
ton
(linguistics) The pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese.
ton glór
(dated) A whining style of speaking; a kind of mournful or artificial strain of voice; an affected speaking with a measured rhythm and a regular rise and fall of the voice.
cuma
(literature) The manner in which speech or writing is expressed.

tongs /tɑŋz/ /tɒŋz/ /tɔŋz/ n
tlú
An instrument or tool used for picking things up without touching them with the hands or fingers, consisting of two slats or grips hinged at the end or in the middle, and sometimes including a spring to open the grips.

tongue /tɒŋɡ/ /tʊŋ/ /tʊŋɡ/ /tʌŋ/ tongues n
teanga cailín dearg
(countable, uncountable) This organ, as taken from animals used for food (especially cows).

tongue and groove tongue and grooves tongues and grooves n
teanga agus eitre
A joint, in flooring or panelling, made by fitting a ridge (tongue) along the edge of one board into a corresponding slot (groove) on another.

tongue depressor tongue depressors n
spadal teanga
A long narrow smooth piece of wood designed to depress the tongue, to allow for examination of the rear of the oral cavity.

tongue lashing tongue lashings n
léasadh teanga
A verbal rebuke, often severe.

tongue-twister tongue-twisters n
casfhocal rabhlóg
A phrase that is deliberately designed to be difficult to say correctly, usually because of varying combinations of similar phonemes.

tonic water tonic waters n
uisce íocshláinteach
A carbonated beverage containing quinine, originally used as a prophylactic against malaria, and now used as a soft drink or as a mixer in gin and tonic and other cocktails.

tonight /təˈnaɪt/ adv
anocht
During the night following the current day; during the evening of today.

tonnage /ˈtʌnɪd͡ʒ/ tonnages n
tonnáiste
The total shipping of a fleet or nation.

tonsillectomy tonsillectomies n
céislíneachtóime
(surgery) The surgical removal of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils. Frequently accompanied by an adenoidectomy.

tony /ˈtəʊni/ tonier toniest adj
galánta
(informal, North America) Stylish, high-toned, upscale.

too /tu/ /tuː/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] adv
freisin fosta leis
(focus) Likewise.
ró-
(degree) To an excessive degree; over; more than enough.

too bad phraseologicalUnit
is mór an trua
(idiomatic) That's a pity.

too many determiner
ainiomad iomarca
Excessive (used with countable nouns).

too much /tu ˈmʌtʃ/ adv
an iomarca barraíocht
To a greater extent than is wanted or required; excessively.

tool /tul/ /tuːl/ /tʉl/ /tʉːl/ tools n
uirlis
Any mechanical device meant to ease or do a task.

toolbox /ˈtuːlˌbɑks/ /ˈtuːlˌbɒks/ /ˈtʉːlˌbɔks/ toolboxes n
bosca uirlisí
A storage case for tools.

tooth /tuːθ/ /tuθ/ /tʉθ/ /tʊθ/ teeth n
fiacail
A sharp projection on the blade of a saw or similar implement.
A projection on the edge of a gear that meshes with similar projections on adjacent gears, or on the circumference of a cog that engages with a chain.
(zoology) A projection or point in other parts of the body resembling the tooth of a vertebrate animal.
(figurative) Liking, fondness (compare toothsome).

tooth powder tooth powders n
púdar fiacla
A powder for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice.

tooth socket tooth sockets n
log fiacaile
(anatomy) A socket in the jaw in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process with the periodontal ligament.

toothache /ˈtuθˌeɪk/ toothaches n
déideadh tinneas fiacaile
(medicine) A pain or ache in a tooth.

toothbrush /ˈtuːθbɹʌʃ/ toothbrushes n
scuab fiacla
A brush, used with toothpaste, for cleaning the teeth.

toothless /ˈtuθləs/ /ˈtuθlɪs/ more toothless most toothless adj
carballach mantach
Having no teeth.

toothpaste /ˈtuːθpeɪst/ /ˈtuθpeɪst/ toothpastes n
taos fiacla
A paste, normally used with a toothbrush, for cleaning the teeth.

toothpick /tuːθ.pɪk/ toothpicks n
bior fiacla
A small, usually wooden, stick, often pointed at both ends, for removing food residue from between the teeth.

top /tɑp/ /tɒp/ [tʰɑˀp] [tʰɒˀp] tops n
uachtar
The highest or uppermost part of something.

top hat top hats n
hata ard
A man's formal hat, with a tall cylindrical crown (often of silk).

top-hamper top-hampers n
rigín uachtair ualach uachtair
(nautical) The upper rigging, spars, etc., of a ship.

top-up adj
breisithe
That serves as an addition

topaz /ˈtoʊˌpæz/ /ˈtəʊˌpæz/ adj
órbhuí
Of a yellowish-brown color, like that of the gemstone.

topaz /ˈtoʊˌpæz/ /ˈtəʊˌpæz/ topazes n
afast tópás
A silicate mineral of aluminium and fluorine, usually tinted by impurities.
An often clear, yellowish-brown gemstone cut from this.
A yellowish-brown color, like that of the gemstone.

topboot topboots n
buatais
A high boot, generally with a band of light-coloured leather around the upper part of the leg; a riding boot.

tope /toʊp/ /təʊp/ topes n
gearrthóir
A small, grey, European shark, Galeorhinus galeus, that has rough skin and a long snout.

topiary /ˈtoʊpiˌɛəɹi/ /ˈtəʊpjəɹi/ topiaries n
tordhearadh
(uncountable) Art or practice of trimming shrubs or trees in artistic or ornamental shapes, e.g. of animals.

topic /ˈtɑpɪk/ /ˈtɒpɪk/ topics n
téama
Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.

topknot topknots n
cocán gruaige
A decorative knot of hair on the crown of the head, sometimes having ribbons or feathers.
cnota mullaigh
A decorative headdress.

topography /təˈpɑɡɹəfi/ /təˈpɒɡɹəfi/ topographies n
topagrafaíocht
The features themselves; terrain.

topology /təˈpɑləd͡ʒi/ /təˈpɒləd͡ʒi/ topologies n
toipeolaíocht
(mathematics, uncountable) The branch of mathematics dealing with those properties of a geometrical object (of arbitrary dimensionality) that are unchanged by continuous deformations (such as stretching, bending, etc., without tearing or gluing).

toponymy toponymies n
logainmníocht
(semantics) Lexicological study of place names; a branch of onomastics.

topsail /ˈtɑp.seɪl/ /ˈtɑp.səl/ /ˈtɒp.seɪl/ /ˈtɒp.səl/ topsails n
bairbíneach barrsheol barréadach seol bairr
(nautical) A sail or either of the two sails rigged just above the course sail and supported by the topmast on a square-rigged sailing ship.

torch /tɔɹt͡ʃ/ /tɔːtʃ/ torches n
beo breo lóchrann trilseán tóirse
A stick with a flame on one end, used chiefly as a light source; a similarly shaped implement with a replaceable supply of flammable material.

torchlight torchlights n
solas tóirse
The dim light produced by a burning torch.
The light produced by a flashlight.

toreador toreadores toreadors n
tarbhadóir tarbhchomhraiceoir
(bullfighting) A bullfighter, especially one on horseback.

torment /tɔː(ɹ)ˈmɛnt/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)mənt/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)mɛnt/ torments n
ciapadh crá crá croí céasadh
Any extreme pain, anguish or misery, either physical or mental.

torment /tɔː(ɹ)ˈmɛnt/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)mənt/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)mɛnt/ v
ciap cráigh céas páisigh
(transitive) To cause severe suffering to (stronger than to vex but weaker than to torture.)

tormentil tormentils n
néalfartach
A low-growing herb (Potentilla erecta, syn. Potentilla tormentilla).

tornado /tɔɹˈneɪ.doʊ/ /tɔɹˈneɪˌdoʊ/ /tɔː(ɹ)ˈneɪ.dəʊ/ tornadoes tornados n
tornádó
(meteorology) A violent wind in the form of a mobile, rapidly rotating, funnel cloud that has contacted the ground.

torque /tɔɹk/ /tɔːk/ torques n
torc
(physics, mechanics) A rotational or twisting effect of a force; a moment of force, defined for measurement purposes as an equivalent straight line force multiplied by the distance from the axis of rotation (SI unit newton metre or Nm; imperial unit pound-foot or lb·ft, not to be confused with the foot pound-force, commonly "foot-pound", a unit of work or energy)
muince dhualach torc
A tightly braided necklace or collar, often made of metal, worn by various early European peoples.

torrential /tɒɹˈɛn.tʃəl/ /tɔˈɹɛn.t͡ʃəl/ /təˈɹɛn.tʃəl/ /təˈɹɛn.t͡ʃəl/ more torrential most torrential adj
folcmhar
Coming or characterized by torrents; flowing heavily or in large quantities.

torrid zone n
teochrios trópaicí

tortoise /ˈtɔɹ.təs/ /ˈtɔː.təs/ /ˈtɔːˌtɔɪs/ tortoises n
toirtís turtar
Any of various land-dwelling reptiles, of the family Testudinidae (chiefly, North America) or the order Testudines (chiefly, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, India) , whose body is enclosed in a shell (carapace plus plastron). The animal can withdraw its head and four legs partially into the shell, providing some protection from predators.

torture /ˈtoɹt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtɔːt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ tortures n
pianadh
The infliction of severe pain or anguish, especially as an interrogation technique or punishment; (usually in the plural) a technique, method, or device which is designed to inflict such anguish.
Severe pain or anguish, of mind or body.

total /ˈtoʊ.təl/ /ˈtəʊ.təl/ [tʰoʊ̯ɾɫ] [tʰɔɾɫ] v
cuir le chéile scrios
(intransitive) To amount to; to add up to.

total quality management n
bainistíocht cáilíochta iomláine bainistíocht láncháilíochta
(management) A strategic approach to management aimed at embedding awareness of quality in all organizational processes.

totalitarianism totalitarianisms n
ollsmachtachas
A system of government in which the people have virtually no authority and the state wields absolute control, for example, a dictatorship.

totality /toʊˈtælɪti/ totalities n
lándorchadas
(astronomy) The phase of an eclipse when it is total.

totem /ˈtoʊtəm/ /ˈtəʊtəm/ totems n
tótam
Any natural object or living creature that serves as an emblem of a tribe, clan or family; the representation of such an object or creature.

totter /ˈtɑtɚ/ /ˈtɒtə/ v
tuisligh
To walk, move or stand unsteadily or falteringly; threatening to fall.

toucan /ˈtuːkən/ /ˈtuːˌkæn/ toucans n
túcán
Any of various neotropical frugivorous birds from the family Ramphastidae, with a large colorful beak.

touch /tɑt͡ʃ/ /tɛt͡ʃ/ /tʌt͡ʃ/ v
bain do bain le
(transitive) To make physical contact with; to bring the hand, finger or other part of the body into contact with. [from 14th c.]

touchable more touchable most touchable adj
inmhothaithe
Capable of being touched; tangible or palpable.

touchiness touchinesses n
drisíneacht íogaireacht
The property of being touchy.

touchwood n
sponc
Decayed wood used as tinder; punk.

touchy /ˈtʌt͡ʃi/ touchier touchiest adj
drisíneach
(of a person) Easily offended, oversensitive.

tough /tʌf/ tougher toughest adj
righin
(of food) Difficult to cut or chew.

toughen /ˈtʌfən/ v
cruaigh
(transitive) To make tough.
(intransitive) To become tough.

toughen up v
cruaigh
(idiomatic, ambitransitive) To make or become mentally tougher.

tour operator tour operators n
tionscnóir turas
A company that sells package holidays.

tourism /ˈtɔː(ɹ).ɪz.əm/ /ˈtʊə̯(ɹ).ɪz.əm/ tourisms n
turasóireacht
The act of travelling or sightseeing, particularly away from one's home.
The industry in which such travels and sightseeing are organized.

tourist /ˈtɔɹ.ɪst/ /ˈtɔːɹɪst/ /ˈtɝ.ɪst/ /ˈtʊəɹɪst/ /ˈtʊɹ.ɪst/ tourists n
turasóir cuairteoir fámaire
Someone who travels for pleasure rather than for business. [from 1770s]

tousled more tousled most tousled adj
gliobach
Of hair: in disarray, dishevelled, or unkempt.

tow truck /ˈtoʊ.tɹʌk/ tow trucks n
trucail tarraingthe
A motor vehicle typically equipped with winches, chains, and related equipment, and used to tow disabled vehicles.

toward /to(ː)ɹd/ /toəd/ /tɔɹd/ /tɘˈwoːd/ /təˈwɔd/ /təˈwɔɹd/ /təˈwɔːd/ /ˈtwo(ː)ɹd/ /ˈtwoəd/ /ˈtwɔɹd/ preposition
chuig chun faoi thuairim go dtí ionsar
In the direction of.
maidir le
In relation to (someone or something).
faoi thuairim le haghaidh
For the purpose of attaining (an aim).
ag tarraingt
Located close to; near (a time or place).

towel /ˈtaʊ(ə)l/ [tʰæɒ̯ɫ] [tʰæɫ] [tʰɛjɔ̯ɫ] towels n
tuáille
A cloth used for wiping, especially one used for drying anything wet, such as a person after a bath.

towel rail towel rails n
ráille tuáillí
A rail, or system of rails (sometimes heated) in a bathroom, on which towels are hung to dry.

tower /ˈtaʊ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈtaʊɚ/ towers n
túr
Any very tall building or structure; skyscraper.
(figuratively) An item of various kinds, such as a computer case, that is higher than it is wide.
(cartomancy) The nineteenth Lenormand card, representing structure, bureaucracy, stability and loneliness.

towheaded more towheaded most towheaded adj
fionnbhán
Having pale blond hair, resembling tow.

town /taʊn/ [tʰaʊ̯n] towns n
baile baile mór
(UK, historical) A rural settlement in which a market was held at least once a week.

town hall town halls n
hall an bhaile
A building that houses the local government offices of a town.

townland /ˈtaʊnlænd/ /ˈtaʊnˌlænd/ townlands n
baile fearainn
(Ireland) A geographical unit of land smaller than a parish.

toxic /ˈtɑk.sɪk/ /ˈtɒk.sɪk/ more toxic most toxic adj
nimhiúil tocsaineach
(toxicology, pharmaceutical drug) Having a chemical nature that is harmful to health or lethal if consumed or otherwise entering into the body in sufficient quantities.

toxicity /tɑkˈsɪs.ə.ti/ /tɒkˈsɪs.ə.ti/ /tɔkˈsɪs.ə.ti/ [tɑkˈsɪs.ə.ɾi] [tɔkˈsɪs.ə.ɾi] toxicities n
tocsaineacht
The quality or degree of being toxic.

toxicology /ˌtɒksɪˈkɒləd͡ʒi/ toxicologies n
tocsaineolaíocht
(sciences, pharmacology) The branch of pharmacology that deals with the nature, effect, detection and treatment of poisons and poisoning.

toxin /ˈtɑksɪn/ /ˈtɒksɪn/ toxins n
tocsain
(strictly) A toxic substance, specifically a poison produced by the biological processes of organisms.
(loosely, usually, _, proscribed) Synonym of toxicant: a toxic substance in a body requiring removal.

toy /tɔɪ/ toys n
bréagán
Something to play with, especially as intended for use by a child. [from 16th c.]

toy dog toy dogs n
measán
(cynology) Any of several breeds of small dogs, kept as pets.

toying toyings n
áilleagánacht
The act of one who toys.

tracer /ˈtɹeɪsə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹeɪsɚ/ [ˈtʃɹeɪsə(ɹ)] [ˈtʃɹeɪsɚ] tracers n
rianaí
A person who traces something.

trachea /tɹəˈkiː.ə/ /ˈtɹeɪ.ki.ə/ tracheae tracheas tracheæ n
aerchonair píobán traicé píobán garbh
(anatomy) A thin-walled, cartilaginous tube connecting the larynx to the bronchi.

tracing paper tracing papers n
páipéar rianúcháin rianpháipéar
A translucent paper on which may be traced the design of whatever it is placed on.

track /tɹæk/ tracks n
slí
A road or other similar beaten path.
Physical course; way.

track cycling n
raonrothaíocht
(cycle racing) A form of cycling on a specially-designed track, especially, a velodrome.

tracker /ˈtɹækə(ɹ)/ trackers n
rianaí
(finance) A tracker mortgage.

tracking /ˈtɹækɪŋ/ trackings n
rianú
(typography) A consistent adjustment of space between individual letters; letterspacing.

tracksuit tracksuits n
culaith reatha culaith spóirt
A garment, usually consisting of a top and trousers (commonly known as tracksuit bottoms) worn as an outer layer by participants in sporting events such as athletics. The tracksuit is usually designed to be easily removed or replaced, before or after competing. Tracksuits have also been adopted in some cultures as leisurewear.

tract /tɹækt/ tracts n
réimse
dréacht
A small booklet such as a pamphlet, often for promotional or informational uses.
A brief treatise or discourse on a subject.

trade /tɹeɪd/ trades n
tráchtáil
(uncountable) Buying and selling of goods and services on a market.

trade union trade unions trades unions n
ceardchumann
An organization whose members belong to the same trade and that acts collectively to address common issues.

trade wind /ˈtɹeɪd ˈwɪnd/ trade winds n
trádghaoth
A steady wind that blows from east to west above and below the equator.

trader /ˈtɹeɪdə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹeɪdɚ/ /ˈtɹeɪɾɚ/ traders n
ceannaí
One who earns a living by trading goods or securities.

tradition /tɹəˈdɪʃən/ traditions n
traidisiún
A part of culture that is passed from person to person or generation to generation, possibly differing in detail from family to family, such as the way to celebrate holidays.

traditional /tɹəˈdɪʃnəl/ /tɹəˈdɪʃənəl/ more traditional most traditional adj
traidisiúnta
Of, relating to, or derived from tradition.
In lieu of the name of the composer of a piece of music, whose real name is lost in the mists of time.

traducer traducers n
aithiseoir
One who traduces; one who maligns another by making malicious and false or defamatory statements.

traffic /ˈtɹæfɪk/ traffics n
trácht
Moving pedestrians or vehicles, or the flux or passage thereof.

traffic cone traffic cones n
cón tráchta
A cone-shaped marker, generally made out of plastic or rubber, that is placed on roads or footpaths to temporarily redirect traffic in a safe manner.

traffic island traffic islands n
oileán tráchta
A raised area in a roadway or traffic circle, bordered by curbs, used to control traffic.

traffic jam traffic jams n
plódú tráchta tranglam tráchta
A situation in which road traffic accumulates until it is stationary or very slow.

traffic light /ˈtɹæˌfɪk laɪt/ traffic lights n
solas tráchta
A signalling device positioned at a road intersection or pedestrian crossing to indicate when it may be safe to drive, ride or walk, using a universal colour code.

traffic sign traffic signs n
comhartha tráchta
A sign for the control of traffic or the information of drivers.

tragedian /tɹəˈd͡ʒidiən/ tragedians n
aisteoir traigéide
An actor who specializes in tragic roles.

tragedienne tragediennes n
ban-aisteoir traigéide
a female tragedian; a woman who acts in tragic drama

tragedy /ˈtɹæd͡ʒɛdi/ /ˈtɹæd͡ʒɪdi/ tragedies n
cinniúint
A disastrous event, especially one involving great loss of life or injury.

trailer /ˈtɹeɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹeɪlɚ/ trailers n
foleantóir
leantóir
An unpowered wheeled vehicle (not a caravan or camper) that is towed behind another, and used to carry equipment, etc, that cannot be carried in the leading vehicle.
réamhbhlaiseadh
A short blank segment of film at the end of a reel, for convenient insertion of the film in a projector.
eireaball
(computing) The final record of a list of data items, often identified by a key field with an otherwise invalid value that sorts last alphabetically (e.g., “ZZZZZ”) or numerically (“99999”); especially common in the context of punched cards, where the final card is called a trailer card.
(networking) The last part of a packet, often containing a check sequence.

train /tɹeɪn/ [t̠ɹ̠̊˔e̞ɪn] [t͡ʃɹeɪn] trains n
traein
A mechanical (traditionally steam-powered, now typically diesel or electrical) vehicle carrying a large number of passengers and freight along a designated track or path; a line of connected wagons considered overall as a mode of transport; (as uncountable noun) rail or road travel. [from 19th c.]
A group of animals, vehicles, or people that follow one another in a line, such as a wagon train; a caravan or procession. [from 15th c.]

train /tɹeɪn/ [t̠ɹ̠̊˔e̞ɪn] [t͡ʃɹeɪn] v
treoraigh
(transitive, horticulture) To encourage (a plant or branch) to grow in a particular direction or shape, usually by pruning and bending.

trainer /ˈtɹeɪnə/ /ˈtɹeɪnɚ/ trainers n
traenálaí
A person who trains another; a coach.

training /ˈtɹeɪnɪŋ/ trainings n
oiliúint
The activity of imparting and acquiring skills.

traitor /ˈtɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹeɪtɚ/ [ˈtʰɹeɪɾɚ] traitors n
fealltóir tréatúir
(by extension) One who betrays any confidence or trust.

trajectory /tɹəˈd͡ʒɛktəɹɪ/ trajectories n
conair ruthag
(astronomy, space) The path of a body as it travels through space.
conair cúrsa ruthag treocht
(figuratively) A course of development, such as that of a war or career.

tram /tɹæm/ [tɹeəm] [tɹɛəm] [tɹɛːm] trams n
tram
(Australia, Britain, rail transport) A passenger vehicle for public use that runs on tracks in the road (called a streetcar or trolley in North America).
A similar vehicle for carrying materials.

tramp /tɹæmp/ tramps n
fear siúil
(sometimes, pejorative) A homeless person; a vagabond. [from 1664]

trampoline /ˈtɹæmpəˌliːn/ /ˌtɹæmpəˈliːn/ trampolines n
trampailín
A gymnastic and recreational device consisting of a piece of taut, strong fabric or rubber stretched over a (usually steel) frame using many coiled springs as anchors.

tramway tramways n
trambhealach
The track on which a tram (streetcar) runs.

tranquil /ˈtɹæŋ.kwɪl/ tranquiler tranquilest adj
suaimhneach
Free from emotional or mental disturbance.

trans- /tɹænz/ prefix
tras-
To or on the other side of, beyond; outside of.

transept /ˈtɹænsɛpt/ /ˈtɹɑːnsɛpt/ transepts n
croslann
(architecture) The transversal part of a church, which crosses at right angles to the greatest length, and between the nave and choir. In the basilicas, this had often no projection at its two ends. In Gothic churches these project greatly, and should be called the arms of the transept. It is common, however, to speak of the arms themselves as the transepts.

transesophageal adj
tras-éasafagach
(anatomy, medicine) Across the esophagus.

transfer /tɹænsˈfɚ/ /tɹænsˈfɜː/ /tɹɑːnsˈfɜː/ /ˈtɹæns.fɚ/ /ˈtɹæns.fɜː/ /ˈtɹɑːns.fɜː/ transfers n
aistreog
(countable) A design conveyed by contact from one surface to another; a heat transfer.

transferee transferees n
aistrí
A person who is transferred.

transgender /tɹæns-/ /tɹænzˈd͡ʒɛndə/ /tɹɑːnz-/ /ˌtɹæn(t)s-/ /ˌtɹænzˈd͡ʒɛndɚ/ adj
trasinscneach
(narrowly) Of a person: having a gender (identity) which is opposite from the sex one was assigned at birth: being assigned male but having a female gender, or vice versa (that is, not including a non-binary identity).

transgress /tɹænzˈɡɹɛs/ v
ciontaigh
(intransitive, construed with against) To commit an offense; to sin.

transgressor transgressors n
coireach
Someone who transgresses.

transient /-si.ənt/ /ˈtɹan.zi.ənt/ /ˈtɹæn.si.ənt/ /ˈtɹæn.zi.ənt/ /ˈtɹæn.ʃənt/ /ˈtɹɑːn.zi.ənt/ more transient most transient adj
duthain díomuan
Passing or disappearing with time; transitory.
Remaining for only a brief time.

transition year transition years n
Idirbhliain

transitive /ˈtɹænzɪtɪv/ adj
aistreach
(grammar, of a verb) Taking a direct object or objects.

transitory /ˈtɹæn.sɪ.t(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˈtɹæn.sɪˌtɔɹ.i/ /ˈtɹæn.zɪ.t(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˈtɹæn.zɪˌtɔɹ.i/ more transitory most transitory adj
duthain díomuan gearrshaolach
Lasting only a short time; temporary.

translatability translatabilities n
inaistritheacht
The quality or property of being translatable; ability to be translated.

translatable more translatable most translatable adj
inaistrithe
Capable of being translated into another language.

translate /tɹæns-/ /tɹænz-/ /tɹænzˈleɪt/ /tɹɑːns-/ /tɹɑːnzˈleɪt/ /ˈtɹæns-/ /ˈtɹænzˌleɪt/ /ˈtɹɛnz.læɪt/ [ˈtʃɹʷɛ̃nzɫæe̯ʔ(t)] v
aistrigh
(transitive) To express spoken words or written text in a different (often clearer or simpler) way in the same language; to paraphrase, to rephrase, to restate.
(intransitive) To provide a translation of spoken words or written text in another language; to be, or be capable of being, rendered in another language.

translation /tɹæn(t)sˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹæns-/ /tɹænzˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹɑːns-/ /tɹɑːnz-/ translations n
aistriú
(physics, mathematics) A motion or compulsion to motion in a straight line without rotation or other deformation.
aistriúchán aistriú
(translation studies) The discipline or study of translating written language (as opposed to interpretation, which concerns itself with spoken language).

translation studies n
staidéar ar aistriúchán
The study of the theory and practice of translating and interpreting, especially in an academic context, combining elements of social science and the humanities.

translator /ˈtɹanzleɪtə/ /ˈtɹænsleɪtɚ/ /ˈtɹænzleɪtɚ/ /ˈtɹɑːnzleɪtə/ /ˌtɹænsˈleɪtɚ/ /ˌtɹænzˈleɪtɚ/ [ˌtʰɹænzˈleɪtʰɚ] [ˌtʰɹænzˈleɪɾɚ] translators n
aistritheoir
A computer program that translates something from one language to another using machine translation.

transliterate /tɹænzˈlɪtəɹeɪt/ v
traslitrigh
(transitive) To represent letters or words in the characters of another writing system.

transmarine more transmarine most transmarine adj
tarlearach
Beyond or on the other side of a sea.

transmigrate v
imaistrigh
(intransitive) To migrate to another country.
athchollaigh
(intransitive, of the soul) To pass into another body after death.

transmigration transmigrations n
imaistriú trasimirce
Departure from one's homeland to live in another country; migration.
anamimirce athchollúchas
The movement of a soul from one body to another after death; metempsychosis.

transmit /tɹænsˈmɪt/ /tɹænzˈmɪt/ v
iompair
(transitive) To send or convey something from one person, place or thing to another.

transmitter transmitters n
tarchuradóir
An electronic device that generates and amplifies a carrier wave, modulates it with a meaningful signal derived from speech, music, TV or other sources, and broadcasts the resulting signal from an antenna.

transom /ˈtɹæn.səm/ transoms n
trasnán
(architectural element) A crosspiece over a door; a lintel.

transom window transom windows n
fuinneog fhardorais fuinneog thrasnáin
(architecture) A window above a door or another window.

transparency /-ˈpæɹənsi/ /tɹænsˈpæɹənsi/ /tɹænsˈpɛɹənsi/ /tɹænz-/ /tɹænzˈpæɹənsi/ transparencies n
gléine
(uncountable) The quality of being transparent.

transparent /tɹæn(t)sˈpæɹənt/ /tɹæn(t)sˈpɛɹənt/ /tɹænz-/ /tɹænzˈpæɹənt/ more transparent most transparent adj
trédhearcach gléineach
(of a material or object) See-through, clear; having the property that light passes through it almost undisturbed, such that one can see through it clearly.
follasach trédhearcach
Obvious; readily apparent; easy to see or understand.

transphobic more transphobic most transphobic adj
trasfóbach
Exhibiting transphobia.

transplant /tɹænzˈplænt/ /tɹænzˈplɑːnt/ /tɹɑːnzˈplɑːnt/ /ˈtɹænzplænt/ /ˈtɹænzplɑːnt/ /ˈtɹɑːnzplɑːnt/ transplants n
athphlandáil
An act of uprooting and moving (something), especially and archetypically a plant.

transplant /tɹænzˈplænt/ /tɹænzˈplɑːnt/ /tɹɑːnzˈplɑːnt/ /ˈtɹænzplænt/ /ˈtɹænzplɑːnt/ /ˈtɹɑːnzplɑːnt/ v
athphlandáil
(transitive) To uproot (a growing plant), and plant it in another place.

transport /tɹænsˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /tɹænsˈpoət/ /tɹænsˈpɔɹt/ /tɹænsˈpɔːt/ /tɹɑːnˈspɔːt/ /ˈtɹæns.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈtɹæns.poət/ /ˈtɹæns.pɔɹt/ /ˈtɹæns.pɔːt/ /ˈtɹɑːnspɔːt/ v
iompair
To carry or bear from one place to another; to remove; to convey.

transsexual /tɹæn(z)ˈsɛksjuəl/ /tɹæn(z)ˈsɛkʃuəl/ more transsexual most transsexual adj
trasghnéasach
(of a person) Having changed, or being in the process of changing, physical sex (because it does not match desired sex) by undergoing medical treatment such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and optionally sex reassignment surgery (SRS), or rarely only SRS.

transsexual /tɹæn(z)ˈsɛksjuəl/ /tɹæn(z)ˈsɛkʃuəl/ transsexuals n
trasghnéasach
A transsexual person.

transsexuality transsexualities n
trasghnéasachas
The state, condition, or properties of being transsexual.

transthoracic adj
trastóracsach
(anatomy) Across the thorax.

transvestite /tɹænzˈvɛstaɪt/ transvestites n
trasfheisteoir
A person who sometimes wears clothes traditionally worn by and associated with the opposite sex; typically a male who cross-dresses occasionally by habit or personal choice.
(clinical psychology, psychiatry, pathology) A person, typically a heterosexual male, who compulsively seeks and derives paraphilic sexual arousal from cross-dressing, especially if the urges and behavior cause the patient distress or social impairment.

trap /tɹæp/ [t̠ɹ̠̊˔ap] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔äp] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔æp] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔ɛp] traps n
dol
A trick or arrangement designed to catch someone in a more general sense; a snare.
trap
(historical) A light two-wheeled carriage with springs.

trash /tɹæʃ/ trashes n
bruscar
(chiefly, North American) Useless physical things to be discarded; rubbish; refuse.

travel /ˈtɹævəl/ travels n
taisteal
The act of traveling; passage from place to place.
The working motion of a piece of machinery; the length of a mechanical stroke.

travel /ˈtɹævəl/ v
taistil
(intransitive) To be on a journey, often for pleasure or business and with luggage; to go from one place to another.

travel agency travel agencies n
gníomhaireacht taistil
A company that arranges travel and accommodation for travellers.

travel agent travel agents n
gníomhaire taistil
A consultant who arranges personal travel and accommodation for travellers

traveling expenses n
costas taistil

traveller /ˈtɹævlə/ /ˈtɹævl̩ɚ/ /ˈtɹævələ/ /ˈtɹævəlɚ/ travellers n
taistealaí imeachtaí
One who travels, especially to distant lands.
traibhléir
(nautical) A metal ring that moves freely on part of a ship’s rigging.

travelling salesman travelling salesmen n
taistealaí tráchtála
A man who travels, often within a certain territory, soliciting orders or selling goods.

travelogue /ˈtɹavə(l)lɒɡ/ travelogues n
cuntas taistil scéal taistil
A description of someone's travels, given in the form of narrative, public lecture, slide show or motion picture.

traverse /tɹəˈvɜːs/ /tɹəˈvɝs/ /ˈtɹævəs/ /ˈtɹævɚs/ traverses n
taobhfort
(military) In trench warfare, a defensive trench built to prevent enfilade.

tray /tɹeɪ/ trays n
tráidire
A small, typically rectangular or round, flat, and rigid object upon which things are carried.

treacherous /ˈtɹɛt͡ʃəɹəs/ /ˈtɹɛt͡ʃɹəs/ more treacherous most treacherous adj
cealgach fealltach
Exhibiting treachery.
braiteach fabhtach
Deceitful; inclined to betray.

treachery /ˈtɹɛt͡ʃəɹi/ /ˈtɹɛt͡ʃɹi/ /ˈt͡ʃɹɛt͡ʃəɹi/ /ˈt͡ʃɹɛt͡ʃɹi/ treacheries n
anbhrath oirchill

tread /tɹɛd/ treads n
trácht
The grooves carved into the face of a tire, used to give the tire traction. [from 1900s]

treadle /ˈtɹɛdl̩/ treadles n
deil choise
A foot-operated pedal or lever that generates motion.

treadmill /ˈtɹɛd.mɪl/ treadmills n
meaisín reatha
A piece of indoor sporting equipment used to allow for the motions of running or walking while staying in one place.
muileann coise
(historical) A mill worked by persons treading upon steps on the periphery of a wide wheel having a horizontal axis. It was used principally as a means of prison discipline.

treason /ˈtɹiː.zən/ treasons n
tréas
The crime of betraying one’s own country.

treasure /ˈtɹɛʒə/ /ˈtɹɛʒɚ/ /ˈt͡ʃɹɛʒɚ/ treasures n
taisce
(uncountable) A collection of valuable things; accumulated wealth; a stock of money, jewels, etc.
stór
(countable) Anything greatly valued.
(countable) A term of endearment.

treasure chest treasure chests n
maoinchiste
A chest filled with treasure, especially one used by pirates, etc.
(metonym) A treasury, especially a state or royal treasury.

treasurer /ˈtɹɛʒəɹə(ɹ)/ treasurers n
cisteoir
The government official in charge of the Treasury.
The official entrusted with the funds and revenues of an organization such as a club.

treat /tɹiːt/ [tɹiːt] [t͡ʃɹiːt] v
cóireáil
(transitive) To care for medicinally or surgically; to apply medical care to. [from 18th c.]

treaty /-ɾi/ /ˈtɹiti/ /ˈtɹiːti/ /ˈtɹiːəti/ treaties n
conradh
(countable, international law) A formal binding agreement concluded by subjects of international law, namely, states and international organizations; a convention, a pact.

treble /ˈtɹɛbəl/ trebles n
tribil
(music) The highest singing voice (especially as for a boy) or part in musical composition.

treble /ˈtɹɛbəl/ v
méadaigh faoi thrí
(transitive, dated) To multiply by three; to make into three parts, layers, or thrice the amount.

tree /tɹiː/ [tɹiː] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔ʷɪi̯] [t͡ʃɹiː] treen trees n
crann
A perennial woody plant taller and larger than a bush with a wooden trunk and, at some distance from the ground, leaves and branches.
An object made from a tree trunk and having multiple hooks or storage platforms.
(graph theory) A connected graph with no cycles or, if the graph is finite, equivalently a connected graph with n vertices and n−1 edges.
(computing theory) A recursive data structure in which each node has zero or more nodes as children.
(graphical user interface) A display or listing of entries or elements such that there are primary and secondary entries shown, usually linked by drawn lines or by indenting to the right.

tree frog tree frogs n
frog crainn
A frog of the family Hylidae, of small size and more elegant in form than the true frogs (family Ranidae), often with a bright coloration.

tree kangaroo tree kangaroos n
cangarú crainn

tree pipit tree pipits n
riabhóg choille
A small passerine bird, Anthus trivialis.

tree ring tree rings n
fáinne bliantúil
The annual growth ring in the trunk of a tree.

tree sparrow tree sparrows n
gealbhan crainn
A bird of the species Passer montanus

tree trunk tree trunks n
stoc
(botany) The main structural member of a tree.

treecreeper treecreepers n
beangán snag

trematode /ˈtrɛm.ə.təʊd/ /ˈtrɛm.əˌtoʊd/ trematodes n
puchán treimeatóid

tremble /ˈtɹɛmbl̩/ v
creath creathnaigh
(intransitive) To shake, quiver, or vibrate.
(intransitive, figurative) To fear; to be afraid.

tremolo /ˈtrɛməloʊ/ /ˈtrɛmələʊ/ tremolos n
creathán
(music) A rapid repetition of the same note, or an alternation between two or more notes. It can also be intended to mean a rapid and repetitive variation in pitch for the duration of a note. It is notated by a strong diagonal bar across the note stem, or a detached bar for a set of notes (or stemless notes).

tremor /ˈtɹiːmə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹɛmə/ /ˈtɹɛmɚ/ /ˈtɹɪmɚ/ tremors n
creathán
A shake, quiver, or vibration.
crith
(medicine) A rhythmic, uncontrollable shaking of all or part of the body due to partial muscle contractions.
creathán talún
An earthquake.

trench /tɹɛnt͡ʃ/ trenches n
díog
A long, narrow ditch or hole dug in the ground.

trencher-man /ˈtɹɛnt͡ʃə(ɹ)mən/ trencher-men n
fear mórshách méadlachán
(obsolete) A feeder; a great eater; a gormandizer.

trepanation /tɹɛpəˈneɪʃən/ trepanations n
treapánadh
The practice of drilling a hole in the skull as a physical, mental, or spiritual treatment.

trespass /ˈtɹɛspæs/ /ˈtɹɛspəs/ trespasses n
treaspás
(legal) An intentional interference with another's property or person.
(archaic) sin

tress /tɹɛs/ tresses n
cuach dlaoi dual trilseán
A braid, knot, or curl, of hair; a ringlet.

tri- /tɹaɪ/ prefix
trí-
three

trial /ˈtɹaɪəl/ [tɹaɪəl] trials n
tástáil
A meeting or series of meetings in a court of law at which evidence is presented to a judge (and sometimes a jury) to allow them to decide on a legal matter (especially whether an accused person is guilty of a crime).
(archaic) The action of trying (to do) something, especially more than once. (This sense is still current in the expression trial and error.)

triangle /ˈtɹaɪəŋɡəl/ /ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/ triangles n
triantán
(geometry) A polygon with three sides and three angles.
(music) A percussion instrument made by forming a metal rod into a triangular shape which is open at one angle. It is suspended from a string and hit with a metal bar to make a resonant sound.

triangular /tɹaɪˈaɪŋ.ɡjʊ.lɚ/ /tɹaɪˈæŋ.ɡjə.lə/ /tɹaɪˈæŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/ /tɹaɪˈæŋ.ɡjʊ.lə/ more triangular most triangular adj
triantánach
Of, or pertaining to, triangles.
Having a triangle as a base; as, a triangular prism, a triangular pyramid.

triangulation /tɹʌɪaŋɡjʊˈleɪʃn̩/ /ˌtɹaɪˌæŋɡjəˈleɪʃən/ triangulations n
triantánacht triantánú
(uncountable, surveying) A technique in which distances and directions are estimated from an accurately measured baseline and the principles of trigonometry; (countable) an instance of the use of this technique.

tribe /tɹaɪb/ tribes n
treibh
A socially cohesive group of people within a society.

tribulation /ˌtɹɪbjəˈleɪ̯ʃən/ /ˌtɹɪbjʊˈleɪ̯ʃən/ tribulations n
amhluadh dólás fochaidh ong treabhlaid
Any adversity; a trying period or event.

tribunal /tɹaɪˈbjunəl/ /tɹaɪˈbjuːnəl/ /tɹəˈbjunəl/ /tɹɪˈbjuːnəl/ tribunals n
binse breithimh
(legal) An assembly including one or more judges to conduct judicial business; a court of law.

tribune /tɹɪˈbjuːn/ /ˈtɹɪbjuːn/ tribunes n
treabhann
(historical) An elected official in Ancient Rome, a tribune of the plebs.
ceann slua cosantóir crann taca
(figurative) A protector of the people.
ardán léibheann
(uncommon) Synonym of pulpit, a platform, a place or opportunity to express one's opinion

tributary /ˈtɹɪbjʊtəɹi/ tributaries n
craobh-abhainn fo-abhainn
(hydrology) A natural water stream that flows into a larger river or other body of water.

tribute /ˈtɹɪbjuːt/ tributes n
ómós
An acknowledgment of gratitude, respect or admiration; an accompanying gift.
ardchíos
A payment made by a feudal vassal to his lord.

trick or treat interjection
cleas nó cóir
A form of a light-hearted request by which children obtain candy on Halloween while wearing themed costumes.

trickery /tɹɪ.kə.ɹi/ trickeries n
aisiléireacht bobaireacht camrasáin ciolmamúta cleasaíocht cúinseacht
(uncountable) Deception or underhanded behavior.

trickle /ˈtɹɪkəl/ trickles n
silín
A very thin flow; the sound of such a flow.

trickle /ˈtɹɪkəl/ v
sil
(transitive) to pour a liquid in a very thin stream, or so that drops fall continuously.
(intransitive) to flow in a very thin stream or drop continuously.

trickster tricksters n
abhógaí aisiléir asarlaí buachaill báire ceardaí cladhaire
anstrólaí bobaire áilteoir
One who plays tricks or pranks on others.
anstrólaí cleasaí spaisteoir tumlálaí
An impish or playful person.

tricky /ˈtɹɪk.i/ trickier trickiest adj
cleasach
Adept at using deception.

tricolour /ˈtraɪˌkʌlə/ /ˈtraɪˌkʌlɚ/ /ˈtrɪkələ, -lɔː/ adj
trídhathach
Having three colours.

tricolour /ˈtraɪˌkʌlə/ /ˈtraɪˌkʌlɚ/ /ˈtrɪkələ, -lɔː/ tricolours n
trídhathach
A flag consisting of three stripes that are either vertical or horizontal; all of equal size, and of a different colour each.

tricycle /ˈtɹaɪsɪkəl/ /ˈtɹaɪˌsɪkəl/ tricycles n
trírothach
A cycle with three wheels, powered by pedals and usually intended for young children.

trident /ˈtɹaɪ̯dənt/ tridents n
adhal trírinn
A three-pronged spear somewhat resembling a pitchfork.

triduum /ˈtraɪ.dju.əm/ /ˈtɹɪ.dju.əm/ tridua triduums n
tréan
A period of three days (especially in Roman Catholic liturgy).

trifle /ˈtɹaɪfəl/ trifles n
traidhfil
(cooking) An English dessert made from a mixture of thick custard, fruit, sponge cake, jelly and whipped cream.
An insignificant amount of money.
réadán
(figurative) Anything that is of little importance or worth.

trifling /ˈtɹaɪfliŋ/ triflings n
áilleagánacht
The act of one who trifles; frivolous behaviour.

trigger /ˈtɹɪɡə/ /ˈtɹɪɡɚ/ triggers n
truicear
(firearms) A finger-operated lever used to fire a gun.
A similar device used to activate any mechanism.

trigger guard trigger guards n
garda truicir sciath truicir
A thin loop surrounding the trigger of a weapon to keep it from accidental discharge.

trigonometric /ˌtɹɪɡ ə nəˈmɛ tɹɪk/ adj
triantánúil
(mathematics) of, relating to, or constructed using trigonometry

trigonometry /ˌtɹɪɡəˈnɒmətɹi/ trigonometries n
triantánacht
(geometry, analysis) The branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the sides and angles of (in particular) right-angled triangles, as represented by the trigonometric functions, and with calculations based on said relationships.

trigynous adj
tríphistileach
(botany) Having three pistils or styles.

trill /tɹɪl/ [t̠ʰɹ̠̊ɪl] trills n
tríleach
(music) A rapid alternation between an indicated note and the one above it as an ornament; in musical notation usually indicated with the letters tr written above the staff.
consan rollta tríleach
(phonetics) A type of consonantal sound that is produced by vibrations of the tongue against the place of articulation: for example, Spanish ⟨rr⟩, /r/.

trim /tɹɪm/ [t̠ʰɹ̠̊ɪm] trims n
bearradh
(countable) A haircut, especially a moderate one to touch up an existing style.

trimester /tɹ(a)ɪˈmɛs.tə(ɹ)/ /tɹaɪˈmɛs.təɹ/ /ˈtɹ(a)ɪ.mɛs.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹaɪ.mɛs.təɹ/ trimesters n
ráithe
A period of three months or about three months; (financial): quarter.

trinitrotoluene trinitrotoluenes n
trínítreatolúéin
A highly explosive yellow crystalline substance, (CH3C6H2(NO2)3), obtained by reacting nitric acid with toluene

trinity /ˈtɹɪnɪti/ trinities n
tríonóid
A group or set of three people or things; three things combined into one.

trinket /ˈtɹɪŋkət/ /ˈtɹɪŋkɪt/ trinkets n
daighsín
A small showy ornament or piece of jewelry

trip /tɹɪp/ [tʰɹɪp] v
tuisligh
(intransitive) To fall over or stumble over an object as a result of striking it with one's foot
cor coise a thabhairt
(transitive, obsolete) To detect in a misstep; to catch; to convict.

triple /ˈtɹɪp.l̩/ /ˈtɹɪpəl/ adj
triarach
Made up of three related elements, often matching
Of three times the quantity; treble.

triple bill triple bills n
eagrán triple
A triple feature.
The consecutive presentation of three episodes of a television series.

triple bond triple bonds n
nasc triarach
(physical chemistry) A covalent bond in which three electron pairs (instead of the usual one) are shared between two atoms; most common between carbon atoms and carbon or nitrogen atoms, but a few other forms are known. Symbolized in formulae as ≡.

triple star triple stars n
tríréalta
(star) Three stars which form a stellar system, such that they orbit the point of equilibrium of their gravitational fields; a trinary star.

triplicate /ˈtɹɪp.lɪ.keɪt/ /ˈtɹɪp.lɪ.kət/ triplicates n
triarach
(countable) Each of a set of three identical objects or copies.

tripod /ˈtɹaɪpɑd/ /ˈtɹaɪpɒd/ tripods n
branra
A three-legged stand or mount.

triptych /ˈtɹɪptɪk/ triptychs n
triptic
(arts) A picture or series of pictures painted on three tablets connected by hinges.

tripwire tripwires n
sreang thuisle
A cord or wire arranged so that when snagged or pulled by an intruder, it will trigger a detector or trap or a device, such as a land mine.

trite /tɹaɪt/ triter tritest adj
seanchaite
Often in reference to a word or phrase: used so many times that it is commonplace, or no longer interesting or effective; worn out, hackneyed.

triticale /ˌtɹɪtɪˈkeɪli/ triticales n
triteacál
(uncountable) A grain crop, a hybrid of wheat and rye, that gives a high yield.

triumph /ˈtɹaɪ.əmf/ /ˈtɹaɪ.ʌmf/ triumphs n
caithréim
A conclusive success following an effort, conflict, or confrontation of obstacles; victory; conquest.

triumvirate /tɹaɪ.ˈʌm.vəɹ.ɪt/ triumvirates n
triúracht
An official group of three people, especially a ruling council of three men and particularly (historical) two such councils in Roman history.

triweekly adj
trí lá sa tseachtain trísheachtainiúil
Published three times a week.

triweekly triweeklies n
páipéar trí lá sa tseachtain
A publication published three times a week.

trochlea /ˈtɹɑk.li.ə/ /ˈtɹɒk.li.ə/ trochleae trochleas n
tróiclé ulóg
(anatomy) A structure resembling or acting like a pulley.

trochlear /ˈtɹɑk.li.ɚ/ /ˈtɹɒk.li.ə/ adj
ulógach
(anatomy) Shaped like, or resembling, a pulley; related to, or connected with, a trochlea.

troll /tɹoʊl/ /tɹɑl/ /tɹɒl/ /tɹəʊl/ trolls n
troll
(originally, Scandinavian, _, mythology, now, European folklore, fantasy) , a giant supernatural being, especially a grotesque humanoid creature living in caves or hills or under bridges. [from early 17th c.]
(by extension, politics) A person who sows discord, or spreads misinformation or propaganda, in order to promote an agenda as part of an organized political campaign.

trolley bus trolley buses trolley busses n
bus tralaí
A bus, powered via overhead electric cables, that does not run on tracks.

trombone /tɹəmˈboʊn/ /tɹəmˈbəʊn/ /ˌtɹɑmˈboʊn/ /ˌtɹɒmˈbəʊn/ trombones tromboni n
trombón
A musical instrument in the brass family, having a cylindrical bore, and usually a sliding tube (but sometimes piston valves, and rarely both). Most often refers to the tenor trombone, which is the most common type of trombone and has a fundamental tone of B♭ˌ (contra B♭).

troop /tɹup/ /tɹuːp/ troops n
cuire
(collective) A collection of people; a number; a multitude (in general).

tropic /ˈtɹɒpɪk/ tropics n
trópaic
Either of the two parallels of latitude 23°27′ north and south of the equator; the farthest points at which the sun can be directly overhead; the boundaries of the torrid zone or tropics.

tropical /ˈtɹoʊ.pɪ.kəl/ /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/ /ˈtɹɒp.ɪ.kəl/ /ˈtɹəʊ.pɪ.kəl/ /ˈt͡ʃɹɒp.ɪ.kəl/ more tropical most tropical adj
teochriosach trópaiceach
From, or similar to, a hot, humid climate.
(dated) Pertaining to, involving, or of the nature of a trope or tropes; figurative, metaphorical.

tropical storm tropical storms n
stoirm thrópaiceach
A cyclone within the tropics, typically having its thunderclouds organized in a spiral shape with wind speeds on the surface between about 30 and 75 miles (60–120 km) per hour.

tropics n
teochrios trópaicí
(geography) The region of the Earth centred on the equator and lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn and characterized by a hot climate.

tropism /ˈtɹoʊˌpɪzəm/ /ˈtɹəʊpɪz(ə)m/ tropisms n
trópacht
(uncountable, biology) The turning of an organism (chiefly a plant) or part of an organism either towards or away from a stimulus; (countable) an instance of this.

trot /tɹɑt/ /tɹɒt/ trots n
sodar
(chiefly, of horses) A gait of a four-legged animal between walk and canter, a diagonal gait (in which diagonally opposite pairs of legs move together).
A gait of a person or animal faster than a walk but slower than a run.

trot /tɹɑt/ /tɹɒt/ v
bí ag sodar
(intransitive) To move along briskly; specifically, to move at a pace between a walk and a run.
(intransitive, of a horse) To move at a gait between a walk and a canter.

trouble /ˈtɹə-/ /ˈtɹʌb(ə)l/ troubles n
aimpléis
trioblóid
A distressing or dangerous situation.
Difficulty in doing something.

trouble /ˈtɹə-/ /ˈtɹʌb(ə)l/ v
cráigh
(transitive) To mentally distress; to cause (someone) to be anxious or perplexed.

troublemaker troublemakers n
clampróir mac mioscaise
One who causes trouble, especially one who does so deliberately.

troubleshoot /ˈtɹʌbl̩ˌʃuːt/ v
fabhtcheartaigh
(ambitransitive) To analyze or diagnose (a problem, or something faulty) to the point of determining a solution.

troublesome /ˈtɹʌbl̩səm/ /ˈtɹʌbəlsəm/ more troublesome most troublesome adj
aimpléiseach trioblóideach
Causing trouble or anxiety

trough /tɹɑf/ /tɹɑθ/ /tɹɒf/ /tɹɔf/ /tɹɔθ/ troughs n
trach
A long, narrow container, open on top, for feeding or watering animals.

trounce /tɹaʊns/ v
gread liúr rúisc
(transitive) To beat severely; to thrash.
gread
(transitive) To beat or overcome thoroughly, to defeat heavily; especially (games, sports) to win against (someone) by a wide margin.

troupe /tɹuːp/ troupes n
compántas
A company of, often touring, actors, singers or dancers.

trouser leg trouser legs n
osán

trouser pocket trouser pockets n
póca bríste
A pocket in a pair of trousers.

trout /tɹaʊt/ /tɹʌʊt/ trout trouts n
breac
Any of several species of fish in Salmonidae, closely related to salmon, and distinguished by spawning more than once.

trowel /ˈtɹaʊ.əl/ trowels n
lián
A mason’s tool, used in spreading and dressing mortar, and breaking bricks to shape them.
A gardener’s tool, shaped like a scoop, used in taking up plants, stirring soil etc.

troy weight n
meáchan troí
A system of units of weight/mass, mostly used for precious metals and gemstones, in which the pound contains 12 ounces which each contain 480 grains.

truant /ˈtɹuənt/ /ˈtɹuːənt/ truants n
múitseálaí
(specifically) A student who is absent from school without permission; hence (figurative) , a person who shirks or wanders from business or duty.

trub trubs n
moirt
(brewing, uncountable) The layer of sediment that appears at the bottom of the fermenter after yeast has completed the bulk of the fermentation.

truck /tɹʊk/ /tɹʌk/ [tɹʌk] [t͡ʃɹʌk] trucks n
leoraí
(countable, uncountable, US, Canada, Australia) A heavier motor vehicle designed to carry goods or to pull a semi-trailer designed to carry goods.

true /tɹjuː/ /tɹuː/ /tɹɪʊ̯/ [t̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷu̠ː] more true most true truer truest adj
fíor
(of a statement) Conforming to the actual state of reality or fact; factually correct.
(logic) Of the state in Boolean logic that indicates an affirmative or positive result.
Genuine; legitimate; valid; sensu stricto.

truffle /ˈtɹʌf.l̩/ truffles n
strufal
Any of various edible fungi, of the genus Tuber, that grow in the soil in southern Europe; the earthnut.

trump /tɹʌmp/ [t͡ʃɹʌmp] trumps n
mámh
(cards) The suit, in a game of cards, that outranks all others.
(cards) A playing card of that suit.

trumpet /ˈtɹʌmpɪt/ trumpets n
trumpa stoc
A musical instrument of the brass family, generally tuned to the key of B-flat; by extension, any type of lip-vibrated aerophone, most often valveless and not chromatic.
géim
The cry of an elephant, or any similar loud cry.
(figurative) One who praises, or propagates praise, or is the instrument of propagating it.

trumpet /ˈtɹʌmpɪt/ v
géim
(ambitransitive) Of an elephant, to make its cry.

trumpeter /ˈtɹʌmpɪtə/ /ˈtɹʌmpɪtɚ/ trumpeters n
trumpadóir
Someone who plays a trumpet.
Any of three species of bird in the family Psophiidae from South America named for the trumpeting threat call of the males.

truncated more truncated most truncated adj
barrscoite
Deprived of one of its parts or of its end.

truncheon /ˈtɹʌnt͡ʃən/ /ˈtɹʌnʃən/ truncheons n
smachtín
A short staff, a club; a cudgel.

trunk /tɹʌŋk/ [tɹʌŋk] [t͡ʃɹʌŋk] trunks n
búit
(North America, automotive) The luggage storage compartment of a sedan/saloon-style car.
stoc
(software engineering) In software projects under source control: the most current source tree, from which the latest unstable builds (so-called "trunk builds") are compiled.

trunk road trunk roads n
mórbhóthar
(UK) An important main road used by long-distance traffic, as well as heavy lorries.

truss /tɹʌs/ trusses n
coiléar coiléar giordáin
(nautical) The rope or iron used to keep the centre of a yard to the mast.

trust /tɹʊst/ /tɹʌst/ [tɹɐst] [tɹʌst] [t͡ʃɹ-] trusts n
dóchas iontaoibh muinín
Confidence in or reliance on some person or quality.

trust /tɹʊst/ /tɹʌst/ [tɹɐst] [tɹʌst] [t͡ʃɹ-] v
dóchas a bheith agat as iontaoibh a bheith agat as
(transitive) To place confidence in, to rely on, to confide in.
cuir in iontaoibh lig ar iontaoibh le
(intransitive) To have trust; to be credulous; to be won to confidence; to confide.

trust deed trust deeds n
gníomhas iontaobhais
(legal) A deed conveying property to a trustee, for some specific use.

trustworthy /ˈtɹʌst.wɜɹ.ði/ more trustworthy most trustworthy trustworthier trustworthiest adj
barántúil
Deserving of trust, reliable.

truth /tɹuːθ/ truths n
fírinne
True facts, genuine depiction or statements of reality.
Conformity to fact or reality; correctness, accuracy.
The state or quality of being true to someone or something.
That which is real, in a deeper sense; spiritual or ‘genuine’ reality.
(countable) Something acknowledged to be true; a true statement or axiom.

truth is stranger than fiction proverb
is iontaí fírinne ná finscéal
Sometimes actual events are stranger than imagined ones.

truthfulness /ˈtɹuθfəlnəs/ truthfulnesses n
cruinneas
The quality of being truthful

try /tɹaɪ/ [tɹ̝̊aɪ̯] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔aɪ̯] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔ʷaɪ̯] [t͡ʃɹaɪ̯] tries n
úd
(rugby) A score in rugby league and rugby union, analogous to a touchdown in American football.

try /tɹaɪ/ [tɹ̝̊aɪ̯] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔aɪ̯] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔ʷaɪ̯] [t͡ʃɹaɪ̯] v
tástáil
To prove by experiment; to apply a test to, for the purpose of determining the quality; to examine; to prove; to test.

trypanosome trypanosomes n
tripineasóm
Any of a group of protozoan parasites which are transmitted by biting insects and infect the blood of humans and other vertebrates; order Trypanosomatida in class Kinetoplastea

tsar /(t)sɑɹ/ /(t)sɑː/ /tsɐː/ /zɐː/ /zɑɹ/ /zɑː/ tsars n
sár
(historical) An emperor of Russia (1547 to 1917) and of some South Slavic states.

tsarina /tsaˈɹiːnə/ /zaˈɹiːnə/ tsar tsarinas n
bansár
(historical) An empress of several Eastern European countries, especially Russia, or the wife of a tsar.

tsetse /sitsi/ /sɛtsi/ /titsi/ /tsitsi/ /tsɛtsi/ /tɛtsi/ tsetse tsetses n
cuil seitse seitse
Any fly of the genus Glossina, native to Africa, that feeds on human and animal blood; known primarily as a carrier of parasitic trypanosomes.

tsunami /(t)suˈnæmi/ /(t)suˈnɑmi/ /(t)suːˈnɑːmi/ tsunami tsunamis n
súnámaí
A very large and destructive wave, generally caused by a tremendous disturbance in the ocean, such as an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption; often a series of waves (a wave train).

tub /tʊb/ /tʌb/ tubs n
dabhach leastar tobán umar
A flat-bottomed vessel, of width similar to or greater than its height, used for storing or packing things, or for washing things in.
leastar pota
(nautical, informal) A slow-moving craft.

tuba /ˈtjuː.bə/ /ˈtu.bə/ tubae tubas n
tiúba
(anatomy) A tube or tubular organ.

tuber /tjuːbə(ɹ)/ /tubɚ/ tubers n
tiúbar
A fleshy, thickened underground stem of a plant, usually containing stored starch, for example a potato or arrowroot.

tuberculosis /tjuːˌbɜː(ɹ)kjʊˈləʊsɪs/ /tuˌbɚkjʊˈloʊsɪs/ tuberculoses n
eitinn créachta
(pathology) An infectious disease of humans and animals caused by a species of mycobacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mainly infecting the lungs where it causes tubercles characterized by the expectoration of mucus and sputum, fever, weight loss, and chest pain, and transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of bacteria. [from 1839]

tubular /-bju-/ /-bjə-/ /ˈt(j)ubjələɹ/ /ˈtjuːbjʊlə/ /ˈtjʉːbjələ(ɹ)/ /ˈtjʉːbjʊlə(ɹ)/ /ˈt͡ʃuː-/ more tubular most tubular adj
feadánach
Shaped like a tube.

tubular bells /-bju-/ /-bjə-/ /ˈt͡ʃuː-/ /ˌt(j)ubjələɹ ˈbɛlz/ /ˌtjuːbjʊlə ˈbɛlz/ n
clogfheadáin
(percussion instrument) A percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned metal tubes that are struck with a mallet, producing sounds like those of church bells.

tuff /tʌf/ tuffs n
tuf
(rock) A light porous rock, now especially a rock composed of compacted volcanic ash varying in size from fine sand to coarse gravel.

tuft /tʌft/ tufts n
dlaoi dual stoth
A bunch of feathers, grass or hair, etc., held together at the base.
tom
A small clump of trees or bushes.

tufted /ˈtʌftɪd/ adj
badánach cuircíneach

tuition /tjuːˈɪʃən/ /tuˈɪʃən/ /ˈtjuːʃən/ tuitions n
teagasc
The training or instruction provided by a teacher or tutor.

tulip /ˈtjuːlɪp/ /ˈtulɪp/ /ˈtʃuːlɪp/ tulips n
tiúilip
A type of flowering plant, genus Tulipa.
The flower of this plant.

tulip tree tulip trees n
crann tiúilipí
(botany) A North American tree, Liriodendron tulipifera, that has squarish leaves, cone-shaped fruit and an aromatic odour, of family Magnoliaceae.

tumbleweed /ˈtʌmbəlwiːd/ /ˈtʌmbəlˌwid/ tumbleweeds n
tom rothlaim
Any plant which habitually breaks away from its roots once dry, forming a light, rolling mass which is driven by the wind from place to place; as Russian thistle, wild indigo, witch grass, Amaranthus albus, etc.

tumor /tjuː.mə/ /tuː.məɹ/ tumors n
siad
(oncology, pathology) An abnormal growth; differential diagnosis includes abscess, metaplasia, and neoplasia.

tumult /ˈtjuː.mʌlt/ /ˈtuː.mʌlt/ /ˈtʃuː.mʌlt/ tumults n
borrán

tumulus /ˈtjuːmjələs/ /ˈtuːmjələs/ tumuli n
dumha tuaim tuama
(archaeology) A mound of earth, especially one placed over a prehistoric tomb; a barrow.

tuna /ˈtjuː.nə/ /ˈtu.nə/ /ˈtʃuː.nə/ tuna tunas n
tuinnín
Any of several species of fish of the genus Thunnus in the family Scombridae.

tundra /ˈtʌndɹə/ tundras n
tundra
A flat and treeless Arctic biome.

tune /t(j)un/ /tjuːn/ /tɪu̯n/ /tʃuːn/ tunes n
ábhann tiúin
A melody.
tiúin ábhann
A song, or short musical composition.

tune /t(j)un/ /tjuːn/ /tɪu̯n/ /tʃuːn/ v
tiúin tiúnáil
To adjust (a musical instrument) so that it produces the correct pitches.
tiúnáil
To adjust or modify (especially a mechanical or electrical device) so that it functions optimally.
To adjust the frequency on a radio or TV set, so as to receive the desired channel.

tuneful more tuneful most tuneful adj
ceolmhar
Having or producing a pleasing tune; melodic or melodious

tungsten /ˈtʌŋstən/ tungstens n
tungstan
A rare metallic chemical element (symbol W, from Latin wolframium) with an atomic number of 74.

tunic /tjuːnɪk/ /tuːnɪk/ tunics n
ionar tuineach
A garment worn over the torso, with or without sleeves, and of various lengths reaching from the hips to the ankles.

tuning fork /tjʉːnɪŋ foːk/ tuning forks n
gabhlóg cheoil gabhlóg thiúnta gabhlóg thiúnála
(musical instruments) A fork-shaped object which emits a tone of a specific frequency when struck, producing a reference note for tuning instruments.

tunnel /ˈtʌn(ə)l/ tunnels n
tollán
An underground or underwater passage.

turban /ˈtɜːbən/ /ˈtɝbən/ turbans n
turban
A man's headdress made by winding a length of cloth round the head.

turbid /ˈtɜː(ɹ)bɪd/ more turbid most turbid adj
modartha moirtiúil tiubh
Having the lees or sediment disturbed; not clear. (of a liquid)

turbidity turbidities n
moirtiúlacht
The state of being turbid; turbidness.

turbine /ˈtəːˌbaɪn/ /ˈtəːˌbɪn/ /ˈtɚ.bɪn/ /ˈtɚˌbaɪn/ turbines n
tuirbín
Any of various rotary machines that use the kinetic energy of a continuous stream of fluid (a liquid or a gas) to turn a shaft.

turf bank turf banks n
bachta
(Ireland) an area in a peat bog from which turf is cut as fuel.

turgid /ˈtɚ.d͡ʒɪd/ /ˈtɜː.d͡ʒɪd/ more turgid most turgid adj
borrtha
Distended beyond the natural state by some internal agent, especially fluid, or expansive force.

turgidity turgidities n
borrthacht
The state or quality of being turgid.

turkey /ˈtɜːki/ /ˈtɝki/ turkeys turkies n
turcaí turcach
(countable) A bird in the genus Meleagris with a fan-shaped tail and wattled neck, especially the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo, now domesticated).

turkey vulture turkey vultures n
bultúr turcach
A common New World vulture, Cathartes aura.

turmeric /təɹ.ˈmɛ.ɾɪk/ /ˈtjuː.m(ə).ɹɪk/ /ˈtuː.mə.ɹɪk/ /ˈtɜɹ.məɹ.ɪk/ /ˈtɜː.m(ə).ɹɪk/ /ˈtʃuː.m(ə).ɹɪk/ [ˈtʰu.mɚ.ɪk] [ˈtʰɝ.mɚ.ɪk] turmerics n
tuirmiric
(botany) An Indian plant (Curcuma longa), with aromatic rhizomes, part of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae).
(cooking) The pulverized rhizome of the turmeric plant, used for flavoring and to add a bright yellow color to food.
A yellow to reddish-brown dye extracted from the turmeric plant.

turn /tɜɹn/ /tɜːn/ turns n
seal
A chance to use (something) shared in sequence with others.
sníomh
A figure in music, often denoted ~, consisting of the note above the one indicated, the note itself, the note below the one indicated, and the note itself again.

turn /tɜɹn/ /tɜːn/ v
cas iompaigh
(transitive) To change the direction or orientation of, especially by rotation.
(intransitive) To change one's direction of travel.
cas iompaigh sníomh
(intransitive) Of a body, person, etc, to move around an axis through itself.
deil
(transitive) To shape (something) symmetrically by rotating it against a stationary cutting tool, as on a lathe.
éirigh
(copulative) To become (begin to be).

turn down v
ísligh
(idiomatic) To reduce the power, etc. of something by means of a control, such as the volume, heat, or light.

turn off v
cas as múch
(transitive) To power down, to switch off, to put out of operation, to deactivate (an appliance, light, mechanism, functionality etc.).

turn on v
cuir ar siúl
(transitive) To set a flow of fluid or gas running by rotating a tap or valve. [from 19th c.]
(transitive) To power up, to put into operation, to start, to activate (an appliance, light, mechanism, functionality etc.).

turncoat /ˈtəːn.kəʊt/ /ˈtɝn.koʊt/ turncoats n
cat breac
A traitor; one who turns against a previous affiliation or allegiance.

turning circle turning circles n
caschiorcal
(automotive, of a road vehicle) The circular path formed by the wheel furthest from the centre of the turn when turning to the maximum extent.
(nautical) The path followed by a vessel’s center of gravity when it makes a complete turn of 360° with a consistent rudder angle. (FM 55-501)

turnip /ˈtɜː.nɪp/ /ˈtɝ.nɪp/ turnips n
tornapa
The white root of a yellow-flowered plant, Brassica rapa, grown as a vegetable and as fodder for cattle.

turnpike /ˈtɜː(ɹ)npaɪk/ turnpikes n
bóthar dola bóthar paidhce paidhc
(chiefly, US) A toll road, especially a toll expressway.

turnstile /ˈtɜːnstaɪl/ /ˈtɝnstaɪl/ turnstiles n
geata casta
A rotating mechanical device that controls and counts passage between public areas, especially one that only allows passage after a charge has been paid.

turnstone turnstones n
piardálai trá
Either of two species of coastal wading bird, Arenaria interpres and Arenaria melanocephala, that breed in the Arctic and readily turn stones or seaweed looking for hidden invertebrates.

turntable /ˈtɜːnteɪb(ə)l/ /ˈtɝnˌteɪbəl/ turntables n
caschlár
(rail transport, road transport) A rotating platform placed in a circular pit, used for turning locomotives, cars, or trucks.
A circular rotating platform.

turpentine /ˈtɜː.pənˌtaɪn/ /ˈtɝ.pənˌtaɪn/ turpentines n
ola bhí ola thuirpintín tuirpintín
A volatile essential oil now obtained from such oleoresin of from the wood of pine trees by steam distillation; a complex mixture of monoterpenes; now used as a solvent and paint thinner.

turret /ˈtɝ.ɪt/ /ˈtʊɹ.ɪt/ /ˈtʌɹ.ɪt/ turrets n
túirín
(architecture) A little tower, frequently a merely ornamental structure at one of the corners of a building or castle.

turtle /ˈtɜːtl̩/ /ˈtɝtl̩/ [ˈtʰɝɾɫ̩] turtles n
turtar
(zoology, US, Canada) Any land or marine reptile of the order Testudines, characterised by a protective shell enclosing its body. See also tortoise.
turtar mara
(computing) An on-screen cursor that serves the same function as a turtle for drawing.

turtle dove /ˈtɜːtəldʌv/ /ˈtɝtəldʌv/ turtle doves n
fearán
Any of several (species of) birds, called by this traditional name, mainly in the genus Streptopelia, of the family Columbidae (doves and pigeons, which also included the extinct passenger pigeon, dodo, and solitaire).

tussock /ˈtʌs.ək/ tussocks n
tom tortóg
A tuft or clump of green grass or similar verdure, forming a small hillock.

tutelary deity /ˈtutɪlɜɹi ˈdeɪəti/ /ˈtʃuːtɪləɹi ˈdiːəti/ tutelary deities n
ginias sprid chaomhnaithe
(religion) A deity, usually minor, serving as a tutelary (guardian or supporter) for a place, person, group, or activity.

tutor /ˈtjuːtə/ /ˈtutɚ/ tutoress tutors n
oide teagascóir
One who teaches another (usually called a student, learner, or tutee) in a one-on-one or small-group interaction.

tutor /ˈtjuːtə/ /ˈtutɚ/ v
teagasc
(transitive) To instruct or teach, especially an individual or small group.

tutoress tutoresses n
banoide
(dated, may now be sexist) A female tutor.

tutorial /tjuːˈtɔːɹɪəl/ /tuˈtɔɹijəɫ/ /tʃʉˈtoːɹiəɫ/ /tʊˈtɔɹijəɫ/ tutorials n
teagasc
A self-paced learning exercise; a lesson prepared so that a student can learn at their own speed, at their convenience.
rang teagaisc teagasc
An interactive class taught by a tutor to students at university or college, individually or in small groups.

tutu /ˈtutu/ /ˈtuːtuː/ tutus n
tútú
A ballet skirt made of layered stiff but light netting.

tuxedo /tʌkˈsidoʊ/ /tʌkˈsiːdəʊ/ tuxedoes tuxedos n
seaicéad dinnéir
A typically black formal jacket worn by men.

twat /twæt/ /twɑt/ /twɔt/ [tʰw̥æt] [tʰw̥ɑt] [tʰw̥ɔt] twats n
pit
(vulgar, slang) The vagina or vulva.

twayblade twayblades n
dédhuilleog
Any of several orchids, of the genera Neottia (syn. Listera) and Liparis, that have a pair of basal leaves.

tweed /twiːd/ tweeds n
bréidín
A coarse woolen fabric used for clothing.

tweet /twiːt/ tweets n
bíc giolcadh gíog
The sound of a bird; any short high-pitched sound or whistle.
tvuít
(social media) An entry posted on the microblogging service Twitter. [since 2007]
(social media, by extension) An entry on any microblogging service.

tweet /twiːt/ v
bheith ag giolcaireacht bheith ag gíoglach gíog
(intransitive) To make a short high-pitched sound, like that of certain birds.
tvuíteáil bheith ag giolcaireacht giolc
(ambitransitive, social media) To post an update to Twitter. [since 2007]

tweezers /ˈtwizɚz/ /ˈtwiːzəz/ n
pionsúirín
A small pincerlike instrument, usually made of metal, used for handling or picking up small objects (such as postage stamps), plucking out (plucking) hairs, pulling out slivers, etc.

twelve /twelv/ /twəlv/ /twɛlv/ /twɛv/ [tw̥eɫv] [tw̥əɫv] [tw̥ɛv] [tw̥ɛɫv] numeral
dó dhéag
The cardinal number occurring after eleven and before thirteen, represented in Arabic numerals as 12 and in Roman numerals as XII.

twenties n
fichidí
The decade of the 1820s, 1920s, 2020s, etc.

twentieth /-ɪθ/ /ˈtwɛn.i.əθ/ /ˈtwɛn.ti.əθ/ [ˈtw̥ɛ.ɾ̃i.əθ] [ˈtw̥ɛ̃n.ti.əθ] [ˈtw̥ɛ̃ɾ̃.i.əθ] adj
fichiú
The ordinal form of the number twenty.

twenty /ˈtweɪnti/ /ˈtwɛni/ /ˈtwɛnti/ /ˈtwʊn(t)i/ /ˈtwʌn(t)i/ [ˈtw̥ɛɾ̃i] [ˈtw̥ɛ̃nti] [ˈtw̥ɛ̃ɾ̃i] numeral
fiche
The cardinal number 20, occurring after nineteen and before twenty-one.

twenty-eight /ˌtwɛntiˈeɪt/ numeral
fiche a hocht
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-seven and preceding twenty-nine.

twenty-five /ˌtwɛntiˈfaɪv/ numeral
fiche a cúig
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-four and preceding twenty-six.

twenty-four /ˌtwɛntiˈfo(ː)ɹ/ /ˌtwɛntiˈfoə/ /ˌtwɛntiˈfɔɹ/ /ˌtwɛntiˈfɔː/ numeral
fiche a ceathair
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-three and preceding twenty-five.

twenty-nine numeral
fiche a naoi
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-eight and preceding thirty.

twenty-one /ˌtwɛntiˈwɒn/ /ˌtwɛntiˈwʌn/ /ˌtwʌntiˈwʌn/ numeral
aon is fiche fiche a haon
The cardinal number occurring after twenty and before twenty-two, represented in Roman numerals as XXI and in Arabic numerals as 21.

twenty-seven numeral
fiche a seacht
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-six and preceding twenty-eight.

twenty-six /ˌtwɛntiˈsɪks/ numeral
fiche a sé
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-five and preceding twenty-seven.

twenty-three /ˈtwɛntiˈθɹiː/ numeral
fiche a trí
The cardinal number after twenty-two and before twenty-four.

twenty-two /ˌtwɛntiˈtuː/ /ˌtwʌntiˈtu/ numeral
dó is fiche fiche a dó
The number after twenty-one and before twenty-three. Represented in Arabic digits as 22.

twi- prefix
dé-
(rare, or, no longer productive) two

twice /twaɪs/ [tw̥aɪs] adv
dhá uair faoi dhó
Two times.

twig /twɪɡ/ [tʰw̥ɪɡ] twigs n
craobhóg
A small thin branch of a tree or bush.

twilight /ˈtwaɪˌlaɪt/ twilights n
amhscarthanach
clapsholas coimheascar
The soft light in the sky seen before the rising and (especially) after the setting of the sun, occasioned by the illumination of the earth’s atmosphere by the direct rays of the sun and their reflection on the earth.

twill /twɪl/ [twɪɫ] twills n
corrán
(weaving) A pattern, characterised by diagonal ridges, created by the regular interlacing of threads of the warp and weft during weaving.
A cloth or portion of cloth woven in such a pattern.

twilled adj
corránach
(of fabric) Having diagonal parallel ribs.

twin /twɪn/ [tw̥ɪn] twins n
leathchúpla
Either of two people (or, less commonly, animals) who shared the same uterus at the same time; one who was born at the same birth as a sibling.

twin-engine adj
dé-inneallach

twine /twaɪn/ twines n
sníomh
A twist; a convolution.
The act of twining or winding round.
ruóg sreangán
A strong thread composed of two or three smaller threads or strands twisted together, and used for various purposes, as for binding small parcels, making nets, and the like; a small cord or string.

twine /twaɪn/ v
sníomh
(intransitive) To mutually twist together; to become mutually involved; to intertwine.
(intransitive) To wind; to bend; to make turns; to meander.

twinge /twɪnd͡ʒ/ twinges n
arraing díoth géaróg
A sudden sharp pain.

twinkle /ˈtwɪŋ.kəl/ twinkles n
glioscarnach
A sparkle or glimmer of light.
A sparkle of delight in the eyes.

twirl /ˈtwɜːl/ /ˈtwɝl/ v
sníomh
(intransitive) To perform a twirl.
(transitive) To rotate rapidly.

twist /twɪst/ [tw̥ɪst] v
freang sníomh
To turn the ends of something, usually thread, rope etc., in opposite directions, often using force.
bí ag lúbarnaíl
(intransitive, of a path) To wind; to follow a bendy or wavy course; to have many bends.

twisted /ˈtwɪstɪd/ more twisted most twisted adj
casta
Contorted.
Wound spirally.

twite /twaɪt/ twites n
gleoiseach sléibhe
A small passerine bird, Linaria flavirostris (syn. Carduelis flavirostris), that breeds in northern Europe and across central Asia.

two /tu/ /tuː/ /twuː/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] twos n
dhá dó
The digit/figure 2.

two /tu/ /tuː/ /twuː/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] numeral
dó dhá beirt
A numerical value equal to 2; this many dots (••).

two birds with one stone n
dhá éan leis an urchar amháin
(idiomatic) Any two things that were performed or completed at the same time by one action.

two hundred /ˈtuː ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈtuː ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
dhá chéad
The cardinal number occurring after one hundred ninety-nine and before two hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 200.

two-edged adj
défhaobhrach
(of an edged weapon etc) having two cutting edges

two-faced /ˈtuːˈfeɪst/ adj
béalchráifeach
Hypocritical.

two-stroke adj
débhuilleach
(mechanical) Of or relating to a design of internal combustion engine, the working cycle of which is completed during two strokes of the piston.

type /taɪp/ v
clóscríobh
To enter text or commands into a computer using a keyboard.
To represent by a type, model, or symbol beforehand; to prefigure.

type metal type metals n
clómhiotal
A metal alloy used in making types for traditional typefounding and mechanical typesetting. It consists essentially of lead and antimony, often with a little tin, nickel, or copper.

typescript /ˈtʌɪpskɹɪpt/ typescripts n
clóscríbhinn
typewritten material, especially such a copy of a manuscript

typeset v
clóchuir
(intransitive) to be set or composed into type

typesetter typesetters n
cló-eagraí clóchuradóir
(historical) A person who sets type; an employee in a printshop who manually selected pieces of movable type and assembled them for printing.

typesetting typesettings n
cló-eagar clóchur clóchuradóireacht
(typography) The setting or composition of written material into type.

typewriter [ˈtaɪpˌɹaɪtə(ɹ)] typewriters n
clóscríobhán
A device, at least partially mechanical, used to print text by pressing keys that cause type to be impressed through an inked ribbon onto paper.

typhoon /taɪˈfun/ /taɪˈfuːn/ typhoons n
tíofún
A weather phenomenon in the northwestern Pacific that is precisely equivalent to a hurricane, which results in wind speeds of 64 knots (118 km/h) or above. Equivalent to a cyclone in the Indian Ocean and Indonesia/Australia.

typical /ˈtɪp.ɪk.əl/ more typical most typical adj
tipiciúil
Capturing the overall sense of a thing.
Characteristically representing something by form, group, idea or type.
gnáth-
Normal, average; to be expected.

typing /ˈtaɪpɪŋ/ typings n
clóscríbhneoireacht clóscríobh
The act of typing on a keyboard.

typist /ˈtaɪpɪst/ typists n
clóscríobhaí
A person who types, a clerical worker who writes letters, etc., using a typewriter.

typo /ˈtaɪpəʊ/ typoes typos n
botún cló dearmad cló earráid chló
A typographical error. [from late 19th c.]

typographical adj
clóghrafach
Pertaining to typography or printing.

typographical error typographical errors n
botún cló dearmad cló earráid chló
A mistake made during the process of typing, especially one caused by a slip of the fingers.

typography /taɪˈpɑɡɹəfi/ /taɪˈpɒɡɹəfi/ typographies n
clóghrafaíocht
The art or practice of setting and arranging type; typesetting.

tyrannical /taɪ-/ /tɪˈɹænɪkəl/ more tyrannical most tyrannical adj
aintiarnúil ansmachtúil
(not comparable) Of, or relating to tyranny or a tyrant.
aintiarnúil anlathach ansmachtúil tíoránta
(comparable) Despotic, oppressive, or authoritarian.

tyranny /ˈtɪɹəni/ tyrannies n
anstró
aintiarnas anlathas
Absolute power, or its use.

tyrant /ˈtaɪɹənt/ tyrants n
aintiarna anlaith ansmachtaí tíoránach
A despot; a ruler who governs unjustly, cruelly, or harshly.
ansmachtaí
(by extension) Any person who abuses the power of position or office to treat others unjustly, cruelly, or harshly.

tyre /taɪə(ɹ)/ tyres n
aerbhonn
The ring-shaped protective covering around a wheel which is usually made of rubber or plastic composite and is either pneumatic or solid.
The metal#Adjective rim, or metal covering on a rim, of a (wooden or metal) wheel, usually of steel or formerly wrought iron, as found on (horse-drawn or railway) carriages and wagons and on locomotives.

u /a/ /u/ /uː/ /ɜ/ /ʉː/ /ʊ/ /ʌ/ /ˈjuː/ ues n
ú úr
The name of the Latin-script letter U/u.

ubiety ubieties n
láithreacht
The state of existing in a specific point in space, thereness.

udder /ˈʌdə/ /ˈʌdɚ/ udders n
úth
An organ formed of the mammary glands of female quadruped mammals, particularly ruminants such as cattle, goats, sheep and deer.

ufology /ˌjuːɛfˈɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌjuːˈfɑləd͡ʒi/ ufologies n
úfó-eolaíocht
The study of UFOs.

ugliness uglinesses n
gráinneacht
The condition of being ugly.

ugly /ˈʌɡli/ uglier ugliest adj
gránna
Displeasing to the eye; aesthetically unpleasing.
Displeasing to the ear or some other sense.
Offensive to one's sensibilities or morality.

uilleann pipes /ˈɪl.ən ˌpaɪps/ n
píb uilleann
The bagpipes of Ireland, which have a bellows strapped around the wrist and arm to inflate the bag rather than the player blowing to do so.

ukulele /juː.kə.ˈleɪ.li/ /ˈʔukuˈlɛlɛ/ ukuleles n
ucailéile
A small four-stringed guitar.

ulcer /ʌlsə/ /ʌlsɚ/ ulcers n
othras
(figurative) Anything that festers and corrupts like an open sore; a vice in character.

ulterior motive ulterior motives n
aidhm fholaigh
An alternative or extrinsic reason for doing something, especially when concealed or when differing from the stated or apparent reason.

ultimately /ˈʌl.tə.mət.li/ /ˈʌl.tɪ.mət.li/ /ˈʌl.tɪ.mɪt.li/ /ˈʌl.tɪ.mɪt.lɪ/ [ˈʌl.tɪ.mɪɾ.li] adv
i ndeireadh na dála
Indicating the most important action.

ultracentrifuge ultracentrifuges n
ultra-lártheifneoir

ultramarine /ˌəltɹəməˈɹin/ /ˌʌltɹəməˈɹiːn/ more ultramarine most ultramarine adj
ultramairíneach
Of a brilliant dark blue or slightly purplish colour like that of the pigment (noun sense 1).

ultramarine /ˌəltɹəməˈɹin/ /ˌʌltɹəməˈɹiːn/ ultramarines n
ultramairín
In full ultramarine blue: a brilliant blue pigment traditionally made from ground-up lapis lazuli, and now usually either extracted from mineral deposits or made synthetically.
gorm ultramhuiríneach ultramairín ultramhuiríneach úrghorm
A brilliant dark blue or slightly purplish colour like that of the pigment.

ultramicroscope ultramicroscopes n
ultraimicreascóp
a microscope that uses bright illumination against a black background to view small particles

ultramontane more ultramontane most ultramontane adj
ultramontánach
(theology) Promoting the supremacy of the Pope.

ultramontane ultramontanes n
ultramontánach
Someone who holds to the supremacy of the Pope over the secular and ecclesiastical worlds

ultrasonic /ʌltɹəˈsɒnɪk/ more ultrasonic most ultrasonic adj
ultrasonach
(acoustics) Beyond (higher in frequency than) the range of sound perceptible to the human ear; with a frequency of 20 kilohertz or higher.

ultraviolet more ultraviolet most ultraviolet adj
ultraivialait
Of electromagnetic radiation beyond (higher in frequency than) light visible to the human eye; radiation with wavelengths from 380 to 10 nanometres.

umbel /ʌmbəl/ umbels n
umbal
(botany) A flat-topped or rounded flower-cluster (= inflorescence) in which the individual flower stalks arise from the same point, the youngest flowers being at the centre.

umbilical cord umbilical cords n
caol imleacáin caolán imleacáin sreang imleacáin srincne
(anatomy) The flexible structure connecting a foetus with the placenta; it transports nourishment to the foetus and removes waste.

umbrage /ˈʌm.bɹɪd͡ʒ/ umbrages n
múisiam
A feeling of anger or annoyance caused by something offensive.

umbrella /ʌmˈbɹɛlə/ /ˈʌmbɹɛlə/ umbrellas n
scáth fearthainne parasól scáth báistí scáth gréine
A cloth-covered frame used for protection against rain or sun.
sciath
(figurative) Anything that provides protection.
scáth
(figurative) Something that covers a wide range of concepts, purposes, groups, etc.

umbrella organisation umbrella organisations n
brateagraíocht
An organisation that coordinates the activities of a number of member organisations and hence promotes a common purpose.

umlaut /ˈum.laʊt/ /ˈʊm.laʊt/ /ˈʌm.laʊt/ umlaute umlauts n
umlabht
(orthography) The diacritical mark ( ¨ ) placed over a vowel when it indicates a (rounded) front vowel

unaccustomed more unaccustomed most unaccustomed adj
ainchleachta neamhchleachtach núíosach
Not used to an event or thing, not accustomed.

unacknowledged more unacknowledged most unacknowledged adj
gan admháil
Not acknowledged.

unambiguous more unambiguous most unambiguous adj
gan athbhrí gan débhrí glan soiléir soiléir
Clear, and having no uncertainty or ambiguity.

unanimity /juːnəˈnɪmɪti/ unanimities n
aontoilíocht
The condition of agreement by all parties, the state of being unanimous.

unanimous /juˈnænəməs/ /juːˈnanɪməs/ adj
comhaontach d'aon ghuth d'aon toil d'aontoil
Based on unanimity, assent or agreement.

unanimously more unanimously most unanimously adv
d'aon ghuth d'aon toil
In a unanimous manner; without objection.

unanswerable /ʌnˈɑːnsəɹəb(ə)l/ more unanswerable most unanswerable adj
dofhreagartha
Not answerable; impossible to answer.
dobhréagnaithe dosháraithe
Impossible to dispute or rebut; irrefutable; conclusive.

unapproachable more unapproachable most unapproachable adj
doshroichte
Not accessible or able to be reached.

unaspirated more unaspirated most unaspirated adj
neamh-análaithe
(phonology) Not aspirated.

unassailable /ˌʌnəˈseɪləbl̩/ more unassailable most unassailable adj
do-ionsaithe dobhréagnaithe dosháraithe
(by extension) Undeniable, incontestable or incontrovertible.

unattached /ˌʌnəˈtæt͡ʃt/ more unattached most unattached adj
díomhaoin singil
Not married and not involved in a romantic relationship.

unattractive more unattractive most unattractive adj
gránna míghnaíúil míofar
Not handsome or beautiful or appealing.
míthaitneamhach mítharraingteach
Lacking the power to attract interest.

unauthorized adj
neamhúdaraithe
without official authorization

unawares /ˌʌnəˈwɛə(ɹ)z/ adv
gan fhios
Unexpectedly or by surprise.

unbalance v
éagothromaigh
(transitive) To cause to be out of balance.

unbalanced more unbalanced most unbalanced adj
míchothrom
not balanced, without equilibrium; dizzy

unbeatable adj
dobhuailte dochloíte dosháraithe
That cannot be beaten, defeated or overcome

unbeknownst /ˌʌnbɪˈnoʊnst/ adv
gan fhios
(followed by to) without the knowledge of

unbelief /ʌnbɪˈliːf/ unbeliefs n
ainchreideamh neamhchreideamh éigreideamh
An absence (or rejection) of belief, especially religious belief

unbelievable /ˌʌnbəˈliːvəbl̩/ more unbelievable most unbelievable adj
dochreidte
Implausible or improbable.

unbelieving more unbelieving most unbelieving adj
ainchreidmheach díchreidmheach neamhchreidmheach éigreidmheach
That does not believe; incredulous, skeptical.

unbiased more unbiased most unbiased adj
neamhlaofa
Impartial or without bias or prejudice.

unbiasedness n
neamhlaofacht
the property of being unbiased; impartiality; lack of bias.

unblemished more unblemished most unblemished adj
gan on
faultless or lacking blemishes.

unbridled more unbridled most unbridled adj
ainrianta
(by extension) Without restraint or limit.

unbroken /ʌnˈbɹoʊkn̩/ /ʌnˈbɹəʊkn̩/ adj
neamhcheansaithe
Of a horse, not tamed.

uncertain /ʌnˈsɜːtn̩/ /ʌnˈsɝtn̩/ more uncertain most uncertain uncertainer uncertainest adj
éiginnte
Not yet determined; undecided.

uncharitable more uncharitable most uncharitable adj
mícharthanach neamhcharthanach neamhchríostúil neamhdhéirceach
Not charitable

unchristian /ʌnˈkɹɪstɪən/ /ʌnˈkɹɪstʃən/ /ʌnˈkɹɪst͡ʃən/ more unchristian most unchristian adj
ainchríostúil míchríostúil neamhchríostúil
Not of the Christian faith.

unclasp v
dínasc
(transitive) to release the clasp from something

uncle /ˈʌŋ.kl̩/ uncles n
uncail
The brother or brother-in-law of one’s parent.

unclear /ʌnˈklɪə(ɹ)/ /ʌnˈklɪɚ/ more unclear most unclear unclearer unclearest adj
anfhollas

uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fə.tə.bəl/ /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bəl/ /ʌnˈkʌmf.tə.bəl/ /ʌnˈkʌmf.tɚ.bəl/ more uncomfortable most uncomfortable adj
anóiteach
aineascair anacair
Not comfortable; causing discomfort.
aineascair
Experiencing discomfort.

uncommon /ʌnˈkɒmən/ uncommoner uncommonest adj
éagsúlach
Rare; not readily found; unusual.

uncommonness uncommonnesses n
éagsúlacht
The state or quality of being uncommon.

unconditional /ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃənəl/ more unconditional most unconditional adj
gan choinníoll gan chomhla gan chuntar neamhchoinníollach
Absolute; without conditions, limitations, reservations or qualifications.

unconditional surrender unconditional surrenders n
géilleadh gan choinníoll géilleadh gan chomhla géilleadh gan chuntar
A surrender without conditions (beyond those imposed by the basic laws of war).

unconquerable adj
dochloíte doleigheasta dosháraithe doshásaithe
Not conquerable; indomitable.

unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/ /ˌʌnˈkɒnʃəs/ more unconscious most unconscious adj
fo-chomhfhiosach
(psychology) Without directed thought or awareness.

unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/ /ˌʌnˈkɒnʃəs/ unconsciouses n
fo-chomhfhios
(psychology) That part of mind that is not consciously perceived.

unconsciously /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəsli/ /ˌʌnˈkɒnʃəsli/ more unconsciously most unconsciously adv
gan fhios
In an unconscious manner; unknowingly

unconstitutional more unconstitutional most unconstitutional adj
míbhunreachtúil
Contrary to or violative of the constitution of a state or other sovereign institution. [18th C.]

unconstrained adj
scaoilte
not constrained

uncontrolled more uncontrolled most uncontrolled adj
neamhcheansaithe
Not controlled; not under control.

uncouth /ʌnˈkuːθ/ more uncouth most uncouth uncouther uncouthest adj
tútach
Clumsy, awkward.
aibéiseach amhchaoin amhlánta tútach
Unrefined, crude.

uncouthness uncouthnesses n
amhlántacht
The characteristic of being uncouth.

unction /ʌŋkʃən/ unctions n
ungadh
An ointment or salve.
A religious or ceremonial anointing.

unctuous /-tjʊəs/ /ˈʌŋ(k)(t)ʃəs/ /ˈʌŋ(k)(t)ʃəwəs/ /ˈʌŋ(k)t͡ʃʊəs/ more unctuous most unctuous adj
ungthach
(of a liquid, semisolid, or other substance) Having the nature or properties of an unguent or ointment; greasy, oily.

unctuousness /ˈʌŋkt͡ʃuəsnəs/ n
olar plásántacht ungthacht
The state or characteristic of being unctuous.

uncultivated more uncultivated most uncultivated adj
fódbhán
Not cultivated by agricultural methods; not prepared for cultivation.

undecagon undecagons n
aondeacagán
(geometry) A polygon with eleven sides and eleven angles.

undefeated adj
gan chloí neamhbhuailte neamhchloíte
Never defeated; always victorious.

undelivered adj
gan seachadadh
Not delivered.

undeniable /ˌʌn.dɪˈnaɪ.(j)ə.bəɫ/ /ˌʌn.dɪˈnaɪ.ə.bl̩/ adj
dobhréagnaithe
Irrefutable, or impossible to deny.

under /ˈʊndə/ /ˈʌndə/ /ˈʌndɚ/ [ˈɐn.də(ɹ)] [ˈʌn(ɾ)ɚ] [ˈʌɾ̃ɚ] preposition
faoi
At the bottom of or in the area covered or surmounted by.
Less than.
Using or adopting (a name, identity, etc.).

under oath
faoi bhrí na mionn faoi mhionn
Having sworn or affirmed in a legally binding way to tell the truth.

under the knife /ˌʌndə ðə ˈnaɪf/ /ˌʌndəɹ ðə ˈnaɪf/
faoi scian
(informal) Chiefly preceded by a form of go: undergoing a surgical procedure; into surgery.

under the weather /ˈʌndə ðə ˈwɛðə/ /ˈʌndɚ ðə ˈwɛðɚ/ adj
meath-thinn
(idiomatic) ill or gloomy, especially from a cold or flu.
(idiomatic) Somewhat intoxicated or suffering from a hangover.

underage /ˌʌndəɹˈeɪd͡ʒ/ adj
faoi aois
Below the legal age for some activity, such as drinking or having sex.

undercarriage /ˈʌndəˌkæɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈʌndɚˌkɛɹɪd͡ʒ/ undercarriages n
fo-charbad focharráiste
The supporting structural framework of a vehicle.

undercoat undercoats n
fo-bhrat
A coat of paint or other material applied onto a surface before that of a topcoat; a coloured primer.

undercurrent /ˈʌndəkʌɹ(ə)nt/ /ˈʌndɚˌkʌɹənt/ undercurrents n
foshruth
A current of water which flows under the surface, and often in a different direction from surface currents.
cogar mogar uisce faoi thalamh
(figuratively) A tendency of feeling or opinion that is concealed rather than exposed.

underdeveloped more underdeveloped most underdeveloped adj
foréalta
(photography) of a film that has had insufficient development before being fixed

undergarment /ˌʌn.də(ɹ).ˈɡɑɹ.mənt/ /ˌʌn.dɚ.ˈɡɑɹ.mənt/ undergarments n
ball fo-éadaigh fo-éadaí
Any garment worn underneath others, especially one worn next to the skin; an item of underwear.

undergraduate undergraduates n
fochéimí
A student at a university who has not yet received a degree.

underground /ˈʌndəɡɹaʊnd/ /ˈʌndɚɡɹaʊnd/ /ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/ /ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/ undergrounds n
gluaiseacht faoi choim
(with, _, definite article) A movement or organisation of people who resist political convention.
(with, _, definite article) A movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention.

underlay /ˈʌndəɹˌleɪ/ underlays n
fobhrat
A soft floor covering that lies under a carpet.
foleagan
(printing, historical) A piece of paper pasted under woodcuts, stereotype plates, etc. in a form, to bring them up to the necessary level for printing.

underneath /ʌndəˈniθ/ /ʌndɚˈnið/ /ʌndɚˈniθ/ adv
ar íochtar
Below; in a place beneath.

underneath /ʌndəˈniθ/ /ʌndɚˈnið/ /ʌndɚˈniθ/ preposition
faoi bhun
Under, below, beneath.

undernourished more undernourished most undernourished adj
gannchothaithe tearc-chothaithe
Provided with insufficient nourishment to sustain proper health and growth.

underpants /ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌpænts/ n
fobhríste
Underwear covering the genitalia and often buttocks, usually going no higher than the navel.

underscore /ˈʌn.dəˌskɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈʌn.dɚˌskɔɹ/ underscores n
fostríoc
A line drawn or printed beneath text; the character _.

underscore /ˌʌn.dəˈskɔː(ɹ)/ /ˌʌn.dɚˈskɔɹ/ v
folínigh fostríoc líne a chur faoi stríoc a chur faoi
To underline; to mark a line beneath text.
béim a chur ar béim a leagan ar
To emphasize or draw attention to.

undersecretary undersecretaries n
fo-rúnaí
An administrator immediately subordinate to a head of a government department or to a member of a cabinet

undersheriff undersheriffs n
foshirriam
In certain jurisdictions, a deputy sheriff; second in command to a sheriff.

undershot /ˈʌn.də(ɹ)ˌʃɒt/ adj
íos-scairde
Powered by water flowing from below. (of a water wheel)

underslung adj
fochrochta
supported from above (especially from the underside of a wing etc)

understand /(ˌ)ʌndəˈstænd/ /ˌɞndəɹˈstand/ /ˌʌndɚˈsteə̯nd/ /ˌʌndɚˈstænd/ [ˌʌɾ̃ɚˈsteə̯nd] [ˌʌɾ̃ɚˈstæ̃nd] v
tuig
(transitive) (of communication or means of communication: words, statements, signs, etc.) To know the meaning of; to parse or have parsed correctly; to comprehend.
(transitive) (of people) To know the intent, motives or character of; (of events) to know the causes of or reasons for.

understandable more understandable most understandable adj
intuigthe sothuigthe
Capable of being understood; comprehensible.

understatement /ˌʌndəˈsteɪtmənt/ /ˌʌndɚˈsteɪtmənt/ understatements n
maolaisnéis
(countable) An instance of such phrasing or lack of emphasis; an incomplete statement.
An incomplete disclosure that intentionally withholds relevant information.

understudy /ˈʌndəstʌdi/ /ˈʌndɚstʌdi/ understudies n
aisteoir ionaid
A performer who understudies; a standby.

undertaker /ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌteɪkə(ɹ)/ /ˌʌndə(ɹ)ˈteɪkə(ɹ)/ undertakers n
adhlacóir
A funeral director; someone whose business is to manage funerals, burials and cremations.

undertaking /ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌteɪkɪŋ/ undertakings n
gabháil
The act of one who undertakes (in either sense).

underwater /ʌndə(ɹ)ˈwɔːtə/ /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/ more underwater most underwater adj
faoi thoinn faoi uisce
(not comparable) Beneath the surface of the water; of or pertaining to the region beneath the water surface.

underway /ʌndə(ɹ)ˈweɪ/ more underway most underway adv
ar bun ar siúl
In motion, in progress; being done or carried out; on a journey.

underwear /ˈʌndəwɛə/ /ˈʌndɚwɚ/ /ˈʌndɚˌwɛɹ/ underwears n
fo-éadaí
Clothes worn next to the skin, underneath outer clothing.

underworld underworlds n
domhan thíos
(religion, or, mythology) The world of the dead, located underneath the world of the living; the afterlife.

undeserved more undeserved most undeserved adj
neamhthuillte éagórach
Not deserved, earned or merited; unjustifiable or unfair.

undetermined adj
neamhchinntithe
Not determined; not settled; not decided.

undischarged adj
neamh-urscaoilte
not discharged

undisciplined more undisciplined most undisciplined adj
ainrialta
not subjected to discipline, control or correction; uncorrected
lacking in self-control; ungovernable

undo /ʌnˈduː/ v
scaoil
To unfasten.

unearned income unearned incomes n
ioncam neamhthuillte
(taxation) Income that is not a wage, such as interest, dividends or realized capital gains from investments, rent from land or property ownership, and any other income that does not derive from work.

unease n
anacair anbhuain
Trouble; misery; a feeling of disquiet or concern.

uneasy /ʌnˈiːzi/ more uneasy most uneasy uneasier uneasiest adj
anacair
Restless; disturbed by pain, anxiety.

uneducated /ʌnˈɛdjʊkeɪtɪd/ /ʌnˈɛd͡ʒəkeɪtɪd/ /ʌnˈɛd͡ʒʊkeɪtɪd/ more uneducated most uneducated adj
gan oideachas gan scoil lábánta tuatach
not educated

unemotional more unemotional most unemotional adj
fuarchúiseach
Showing little or no feeling.

unemployed /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/ adj
dífhostaithe neamhfhostaithe
Having no job despite being able and willing to work.

unemployment /ʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/ unemployments n
dífhostaíocht
The state of having no job; joblessness.

unemployment benefit unemployment benefits n
sochar dífhostaíochta
(often, in plural) Money paid by the government, special-purpose fund or similar to those who are unemployed and looking for work.

unemployment insurance unemployment insurances n
árachas dífhostaíochta
Insurance against loss of earnings during the time that an able-bodied worker is involuntarily unemployed.

unequal /ʌnˈiːkwəl/ more unequal most unequal adj
míchothrom
Out of balance.

unequivocal /ʌnɪˈkwɪvəkəl/ /ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkəl/ more unequivocal most unequivocal adj
aonchiallach
Unambiguous; without equivocation or ambiguity; singularly clear, unmistakable, or unquestionable

uneven /ʌnˈivən/ more uneven most uneven adj
anacair míchothrom
Not even
aimhréidh cnocánach míchothrom
Not level or smooth

unfaithfulness unfaithfulnesses n
mídhílseacht neamhdhlisteanacht
The characteristic of being unfaithful; infidelity; disloyalty.

unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪli.ə(ɹ)/ more unfamiliar most unfamiliar adj
aduain coimhthíoch
Strange, not familiar.

unfamiliarity unfamiliarities n
aduaine
Lack of familiarity; ignorance or inexperience.

unfasten v
scaoil
(transitive) To detach from any connecting agency or link; to disconnect.

unfatherly more unfatherly most unfatherly adj
mí-aithriúil
Not fatherly; unpaternal.

unfinished /ʌnˈfɪnɪʃt/ adj
neamhchríochnaithe
Not finished, not completed.

unforgettable /ˌʌnfə(ɹ)ˈɡɛtəbəl/ more unforgettable most unforgettable adj
dodhearmadta
Very difficult or impossible to forget.

unfortunate /ʌnˈfɔɹt͡ʃənɪt/ /ʌnˈfɔːtjʊnət/ /ʌnˈfɔːt͡ʃənət/ more unfortunate most unfortunate adj
mí-ámharach mífhortúnach
Not favored by fortune.
aimseach
Marked or accompanied by or resulting in misfortune.

unfortunate /ʌnˈfɔɹt͡ʃənɪt/ /ʌnˈfɔːtjʊnət/ /ʌnˈfɔːt͡ʃənət/ unfortunates n
ainniseoir créatúr donán
An unlucky person; one who has fallen into bad circumstances.

unfurl /ʌnˈfəːl/ /ʌnˈfɝl/ v
scaoil
To unroll or release something that had been rolled up, typically a sail or a flag.

ungainly /anˈɡæɪnli/ /ʌnˈɡeɪnli/ more ungainly most ungainly ungainlier ungainliest adj
ainnis
Clumsy; lacking grace.

ungentle ungentler ungentlest adj
ainmhín eascaoin garbh éadláith éagaoin
Showing a lack of gentleness, kindness or compassion.
(obsolete) Not acting according to accepted ethics or standards of behaviour.

unglazed adj
neamhghlónraithe
Not glazed; thus:

unhappiness unhappinesses n
anaoibhneas
The feeling of not being happy

unhealthiness unhealthinesses n
easláinte mífholláine
The state of being unhealthy.

unhinge /ʌnˈhɪnd͡ʒ/ v
bain dá insí
To remove the leaf of a door or a window from its supporting hinges.

uniaxial adj
aon-aiseach
Having a single axis; monoaxial

unicasting unicastings n
aonchraolachán aonchraoladh
The transmission of a unicast message

unicellular /ˌjuːnɪˈsɛljʊlə(ɹ)/ adj
aoncheallach
(biology) Describing any microorganism that has a single cell.

unicolored adj
aondathach
Being only one color.

unicorn /ˈjunɪkɔɹn/ /ˈjuːnɪkɔːn/ unicorns n
aonbheannach
A mythical beast resembling a horse or deer with a single, straight, spiraled horn projecting from its forehead.

unidirectional /ˌjuː.nɪ.dɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl, -daɪ-, -ˈɹɛkʃ.nəl/ /ˌjuː.nɪ.dɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl, -daɪ-/ [ˌjuː.nɨ.dɨˈɹɛk.ʃə.nl̩, -daɪ-, -ˈɹɛkʃ.nl̩] [ˌjuː.nɪ̈.dɪ̈ˈɹɛk.ʃə.nl̩, -daɪ-] adj
aontreoch
Pertaining to only one direction, e.g.: where all component parts are aligned in the same direction in space.

uniform /ˈjunɪfɚm/ /ˈjunɪˌfɔɹm/ /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ more uniform most uniform adj
aonfhoirmeach comhionann
Unvarying; all the same.
Consistent; conforming to one standard.

uniform /ˈjunɪfɚm/ /ˈjunɪˌfɔɹm/ /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ uniforms n
éide
A distinctive outfit that serves to identify members of a group, company, prison inmates, etc.

uniformitarianism /juːnɪfɔːmɪˈtɛːɹɪənɪzm/ n
aonfhoirmeachas
(chiefly, _, geology) The scientific principle that natural processes operated in the past in the same way and at the same rates that they operate today. [from 19th c.]

uniformity /ˌjunɪˈfɔɹmɪti/ /ˌjuːnɪˈfɔːmɪti/ uniformities n
comhionannas ionannas
The state of being uniform, alike and lacking variety.

unify /ˈjuːnɪfaɪ/ v
comhaontaigh
(transitive) Cause to become one; make into a unit; consolidate; merge; combine.
aontaigh
(intransitive) Become one.

unilateral /ˌjuːnɪˈlætərəl/ [ˌjʉː.nəˈɫæɾ.ɚ.ɻɫ̩] [ˌjʉː.nɪˈlæt.ə.ɹɫ̩] [ˌjʉː.nɪˈlæt͡ʃ.ɹɫ̩] more unilateral most unilateral adj
aontaobhach
Done by one side only.

unilocular adj
aonlocalach
Having a single loculus or compartment.

unimolecular adj
aonmhóilíneach monamóilíneach
(chemistry, physics, of a reaction) involving a single molecule

unintelligibility unintelligibilities n
neamh-intuigtheacht
(uncountable) The quality or condition of being unintelligible.

uninteresting more uninteresting most uninteresting adj
leamh neamhshuimiúil neamhspéisiúil
Arousing little or no interest; boring or uneventful.

union /ˈjuː.ni.ən/ /ˈjuː.njən/ unions n
aontas
(countable) The state of being united or joined; a state of unity or harmony.
(countable) That which is united, or made one; something formed by a combination or coalition of parts or members; a confederation; a consolidated body; a league.
(countable, set theory) The set containing all of the elements of two or more sets.

unionism unionisms n
ceardchumannachas
The support of advocacy of a union, especially of a trade union.

unionist unionists n
aondachtóir aontachtaí
An advocate or supporter of unionism (in any sense).
ceardchumannaí
A trade unionist.

unipolar adj
aonpholach
Having a single pole.

unique /juːˈniːk/ /jəˈniːk/ more unique most unique uniquer uniquest adj
uathúil
(uncomparable) Being the only one of its kind; unequaled, unparalleled or unmatched.
Of a feature, such that only one holder has it.

unisexual adj
aonghnéasach
Of an organism, having characteristics of a single sex (as opposed to hermaphrodites).
Of a species, having only a single (potentially hermaphroditic) sex (as opposed to bisexual).

unison /ˈjunɪsən/ /ˈjunɪzən/ unisons n
aoncheol aontacht comh-airde
(music, acoustics) Identical pitch between two notes or sounds; the simultaneous playing of notes of identical pitch (or separated by one or more octaves). [from 15th c.]
comhréir
The state of being in harmony or agreement; harmonious agreement or togetherness, synchronisation. [from 17th c.]

unisonal more unisonal most unisonal adj
aonsonach aontach
(music) being in unison

unit /ˈ(j)ɪu̯.nɪt/ /ˈjuː.nɪt/ units n
aonad
(sciences) A standard measure of a quantity.
An organized group comprising people and/or equipment.
(US, Australia, New Zealand) a measure of housing equivalent to the living quarters of one household; an apartment where a group of apartments is contained in one or more multi-storied buildings or a group of dwellings is in one or more single storey buildings, usually arranged around a driveway.

unit of measure units of measure n
aonad tomhais
Any standardized, reproducible unit that can be used to measure any physical property.

unitarian unitarians n
Úinitéireach
(Christianity) A Christian who denies the doctrine of the Trinity, usually stressing some distinctions between God the Father and God the Son without denying the divinity of Jesus.

unitary /juːnɪt(ə)ɹi/ adj
aonadach
Having the quality of oneness.
(government, of a system of government or administration) That concentrates power in a single body, rather than sharing it with more local bodies.
(mathematics, of an algebra) That contains an identity element.
(mathematics, linear algebra, analysis, of a matrix or operator) Whose inverse is equal to its adjoint.

unity /ˈjunəti/ /ˈjunɪti/ /ˈjuːnəti/ /ˈjuːnɪti/ unities n
aontas
(uncountable) Oneness; the state or fact of being one undivided entity.
A single undivided thing, seen as complete in itself.

univalve adj
aonchomhlach
having one valve; typically used to refer to mollusks, notably slugs and snails.

univariate adj
aonathráideach
(mathematics) Having or involving a single variable

univariate univariates n
aonathráid
(mathematics) A polynomial or function with only one variable

universal /ˌjunɪˈvɝsl̩/ /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl̩/ more universal most universal adj
comhchoiteann
Common to all members of a group or class.
uilechoiteann
Common to all society; worldwide.

universe /ˈjuːniːˌvɜ(ɹ)s/ /ˈjuːnəˌvɝs/ /ˈjuːnɪˌvɜːs/ universes n
cruinne
An entity similar to our universe; one component of a larger entity known as the multiverse.
(archaic) The Earth, the sphere of the world.

university /junɪˈvɚsəti/ /junɪˈvɚsɪti/ /juːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ universities n
ollscoil
Institution of higher education (typically accepting students from the age of about 17 or 18, depending on country, but in some exceptional cases able to take younger students) where subjects are studied and researched in depth and degrees are offered.

univocal /juːnɪˈvoʊkəl/ /juːnɪˈvəʊkəl/ /juːˈnɪvək(ə)l/ adj
aonchiallach
Having only one possible meaning.

unjust /ʌnˈd͡ʒʌst/ more unjust most unjust adj
aincheart ainfhíréanta neamhchóir neamhfhíréanta éagórach éigeart
Not fair, just or right.

unknowingly /ʌnˈnəʊ.ɪŋ.li/ adv
gan fhios
Without awareness, without intent.

unlawful more unlawful most unlawful adj
aindílis neamhdhleathach neamhdhlisteanach
(legal) Prohibited; not permitted by law (either civil or criminal law; see illegal).

unleavened adj
slim
(especially, of bread or cakes) Without any yeast or other raising agent.

unless /ənˈlɛs/ /ʌnˈlɛs/ conjunction
mura
Except on a specified condition; if not.

unlike /ʌnˈlaɪk/ more unlike most unlike adj
éagsúil
Not like; dissimilar (to); having no resemblance.

unlike /ʌnˈlaɪk/ preposition
murab ionann is ní hionann is
In contrast with; as opposed to.
ní gnách le ní nós le
Not typical of one's character or personality.

unlikelihood unlikelihoods n
neamhdhóchúlacht
Absence of likelihood; the state of being unlikely or improbable; improbability.

unlikely /ʌnˈlaɪkli/ more unlikely most unlikely unlikelier unlikeliest adj
ní móide
Not likely; improbable; not to be reasonably expected.

unlikeness unlikenesses n
éagsúlacht
(uncountable) the state of being unlike

unlimited /ʌnˈlɪmɪtɪd/ adj
neamhtheoranta
limitless or without bounds; unrestricted

unlucky /ʌnˈlʌki/ more unlucky most unlucky unluckier unluckiest adj
anrathach
Having ill luck.
Bringing ill luck.

unmanliness unmanlinesses n
mífhearúlacht
The property of being unmanly; sissiness.

unmanly /ʌnˈmænli/ more unmanly most unmanly unmanlier unmanliest adj
mífhearúil
(of a person) Showing characteristics that are not manly, such as being immature, effeminate or cowardly, which might be construed as an indicator of weakness or of baseness of character.

unmarried /ʌnˈmæɹ.id/ /ʌnˈmɛɹ.id/ adj
singil neamhphósta
Having no husband or wife.

unoccupied more unoccupied most unoccupied adj
díomhaoin
Not employed on a task; idle

unpack /ʌnˈpæk/ v
díphacáil folmhaigh
(transitive) To remove from a package or container, particularly with respect to items that had previously been arranged closely and securely in a pack.

unpaternal more unpaternal most unpaternal adj
mí-aithriúil
Not paternal; not befitting a father.

unpleasant /ʌnˈplɛzənt/ more unpleasant most unpleasant unpleasanter unpleasantest adj
míphléisiúrtha míthaitneamhach
Not pleasant.

unpleasantness /ʌnˈplɛz.ənt.nəs/ unpleasantnesses n
anaiteas doilbhreas doirbheas
(uncountable) The property of being unpleasant or disagreeable.

unplug /ʌnˈplʌɡ/ v
díphlugáil
(transitive) To disconnect from a supply, especially an electrical socket.

unprepared more unprepared most unprepared adj
anullamh neamhullamh
Not prepared; caught by surprise.

unprepossessing more unprepossessing most unprepossessing adj
míghnaíúil
Unimpressive or unremarkable; dull and ordinary; nondescript.

unpretentious /ˌʌnpɹəˈtɛnʃəs/ more unpretentious most unpretentious adj
neamh-mhóiréiseach
Simple, humble, not pretentious, plain.

unprofitable /ʌnˈpɹɑf.ɪ.təbl̩/ /ʌnˈpɹɒf.ɪ.təbl̩/ more unprofitable most unprofitable adj
neamhbhrabúsach neamhshochrach
not making a profit

unpunctual adj
ainfhéichiúnta míphoncúil
Not punctual.

unravel /ʌnˈɹævəl/ v
rois
(intransitive, of threads etc.) To become separated; (of something woven, knitted, etc.) to come apart.
(transitive, figurative) To separate the connected or united parts of; to throw into disorder; to confuse.

unready more unready most unready adj
anullamh neamhullamh
Not ready.

unreality unrealities n
míréalaíocht neamhréaltacht

unreason unreasons n
aingiall míréasún éigiall
Lack of reason or rationality; unreasonableness; irrationality.

unrelated more unrelated most unrelated adj
neamhghaolmhar
Not connected or associated.
Not related by kinship.

unreliable /(ˌ)ʌn.ɹɪˈlaɪ.ə.bl̩/ /ˌʌn.ɹəˈlaɪ.ə.b(ə)l/ more unreliable most unreliable adj
abhógach ainfhéichiúnta feillbhéasach neamh-mhuiníneach neamhchoinníollach neamhiontaofa
Not reliable.

unrequited love n
grá gan chúiteamh
Love that is not reciprocated, even though reciprocation is desired.

unrestrained more unrestrained most unrestrained adj
gan chosc
immoderate; not restrained or held in check

unrighteous more unrighteous most unrighteous adj
ainfhíréanta eisionraic neamhfhíréanta
Not righteous; wicked.

unrighteousness n
ainfhíréantacht neamhfhíréantacht
The state of being unrighteous.

unruffled more unruffled most unruffled adj
féithchiúin
(figurative) Calm, not ruffled, serene, at peace, unbothered.

unruliness unrulinesses n
ainriantacht dochoisctheacht doriarthacht díchoisctheacht díriail leorthóireacht
The state of being unruly.

unruly /ʌnˈɹuːli/ unrulier unruliest adj
aimhleasta ainrianta amhsach dochoiscthe doriartha dosmachtaithe
Wild; uncontrolled.

unsaturated adj
neamhsháithithe
(chemistry, of a solution) Not saturated; capable of dissolving more of a solute at the same temperature.
(chemistry) Of a compound containing atoms sharing more than one valence bond, especially of an organic compound having one or more double bonds or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
(of a colour) Not chromatically pure; diluted.

unsaturated fat unsaturated fats n
saill neamhsháithithe
A fat or oil, from either animal or vegetable sources, containing a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids; will typically be liquid at room temperature; a diet high in unsaturated rather than saturated fats is thought to contribute to lower levels of cholesterol in the blood.

unsaturated fatty acid unsaturated fatty acids n
aigéad sailleach neamhsháithithe
(biochemistry, fatty acid) A fatty acid, such as oleic acid, that contains at least one carbon to carbon double bond.

unscrupulous /ˌʌnˈskɹuːpjʊləs/ more unscrupulous most unscrupulous adj
gan scrupall
Without scruples; immoral.

unscrupulousness n
neamhscrupall
the state of being unscrupulous

unseen /ʌnˈsiːn/ adj
gan fheiceáil
Not seen or discovered; invisible.

unsettled more unsettled most unsettled adj
aistreach
Disturbed, upset.

unshakable more unshakable most unshakable adj
daingean diongbháilte dobhogtha dochorraithe docht dochumhscaithe
Not able to be shaken; firm, solid

unsheltered more unsheltered most unsheltered adj
aineascair feidheartha foscadh fothain sceirdiúil
Without shelter; exposed.

unsinkable more unsinkable most unsinkable adj
dobháite
(chiefly, of, ships) That cannot be sunk.

unsophisticated more unsophisticated most unsophisticated adj
bunúsach neamhshofaisticiúil simplí
Not sophisticated; lacking sophistication.

unsoundness unsoundnesses n
fabht fabhtacht
The state of being unsound.

unsteady /ʌnˈstɛdi/ unsteadier unsteadiest adj
anacair
Lacking regularity or uniformity.
luaineach
Inconstant in purpose, or volatile in behavior.

unsuitable more unsuitable most unsuitable adj
mí-oiriúnach
Not suitable.

unsuited more unsuited most unsuited adj
mí-oiriúnach

unsuspecting more unsuspecting most unsuspecting adj
neamh-amhrasach

unsweetened more unsweetened most unsweetened adj
neamh-mhilsithe
Not sweetened.

unsymmetrical more unsymmetrical most unsymmetrical adj
míchruthach
Not symmetrical.

unsympathetic more unsympathetic most unsympathetic adj
antuisceanach neamhchásmhar
Not sympathetic.

untamed /ʌnˈteɪmd/ more untamed most untamed adj
ainriata fiáin gan smacht neamhcheansaithe éigeansa
Wild, uncontrolled, especially of animals not domesticated or trained to human contact.

untidiness untidinesses n
amscaíocht liopastacht
The quality of being untidy

untidy /ʌnˈtaɪdi/ untidier untidiest adj
amscaí míshlachtmhar
Sloppy.
amscaí
Disorganized.

untie /ʌnˈtaɪ/ v
scaoil
(transitive) To loosen, as something interlaced or knotted; to disengage the parts of.
(transitive) To free from fastening or from restraint; to let loose; to unbind.

until /ənˈtɪl/ /ʊnˈtɪl/ /ʌnˈtɪl/ /ˈʌntəl/ conjunction
go dtí go
Up to the time that (a condition becomes true).

until /ənˈtɪl/ /ʊnˈtɪl/ /ʌnˈtɪl/ /ˈʌntəl/ preposition
go dtí
Up to the time of (something happening).

until the cows come home phraseologicalUnit
go brách na bréithe
(idiomatic) For a very long period of time.

untimely /ʌnˈtaɪmli/ more untimely most untimely untimelier untimeliest adj
antráthach
At an inopportune time.

untouchable untouchables n
duine seachanta
(India) A member of the lowest and most despised caste in traditional Indian society.

untrue /ʌnˈtɹuː/ more untrue most untrue adj
ainfhíor
False; not true.

untruth /ʌnˈtɹuːθ/ untruths n
ainbhfíor ainfhírinne
A lie or falsehood.

unwary unwarier unwariest adj
anfhaiteach
Lacking caution as a result of naïveté or inexperience

unwashable adj
donite
Not washable; that cannot be washed.

unwholesome more unwholesome most unwholesome adj
anfholláin
Not wholesome; unfavorable to health; unhealthful.

unwholesomeness n
anfholláine
The state or quality of being unwholesome.

unwieldy /ˌʌnˈwɪəl.di/ more unwieldy most unwieldy unwieldier unwieldiest adj
anásta liobarnach
Difficult to carry, handle, manage or operate because of its size, weight, shape or complexity.

unwilling /ʌnˈwɪlɪŋ/ more unwilling most unwilling adj
drogallach
Not willing; reluctant

unwillingness unwillingnesses n
drogall leisce
The property of being unwilling.

unwisdom /ʌnˈwɪzdəm/ unwisdoms n
aineagna
Lack of wisdom; unwise conduct or action [from 9th c.]

unwise /ʌnˈwaɪz/ unwiser unwisest adj
neamhchríonna
Not wise; lacking wisdom

unwitting more unwitting most unwitting adj
ainbhiosach aineolach
unaware or uninformed; oblivious
neamhaistearach taismeach
unintentional

unwittingly /-ɾɪŋ-/ /ʌnˈwɪtɪŋli/ /ˌən-/ /ˌʌnˈwɪtɪŋli/ more unwittingly most unwittingly adv
ainbhiosach aineolach gan fhios gan fhios duit féin
In an unwitting manner; inadvertently, obliviously, unintentionally, unknowingly.

unwomanly more unwomanly most unwomanly adj
míbhanúil
Not womanly; unfeminine.

unwrought more unwrought most unwrought adj
glas
In the native state, before being worked on; especially used of bars of bullion and other metal

unyoke /ʌnˈjoʊk/ /ʌnˈjəʊk/ v
díscoir scoir
(transitive) To release something from a yoke or harness.

up /ap/ /ʌp/ [äp] [ɐʔp] [ʌp̚] adv
suas in airde thuas
Away from the surface of the Earth or other planet; in opposite direction to the downward pull of gravity.

up /ap/ /ʌp/ [äp] [ɐʔp] [ʌp̚] preposition
suas
Toward the top of.

up bow up bows n
bogha suas sá-bhogha

up to /ˈʌp tuː/ /ˈʌp tə/ preposition
go dtí
suas le
As much as; no more than. (also with of)

upbringing /ˈʌpˌbrɪŋɪŋ/ upbringings n
oiliúint
The raising or training of a child.

upgrade /əpˈɡɹeɪd/ /ˈʌp.ɡɹeɪd/ v
uasghrádaigh
(intransitive, computing) To replace a program with a later version of itself, a version having a higher version number or marketed under a more recent product name.

uphill /ʌpˈhɪl/ /ˈʌphɪl/ more uphill most uphill adv
in éadan an chnoic
Up a slope, towards higher ground.

upholster /əˈpɐl.stə(ɹ)/ /əˈpɒl.stə(ɹ)/ v
cumhdaigh
(transitive) To fit padding, stuffing, springs, webbing and fabric covering to (furniture).

upholstery /ʌpˈhəʊlstəɹi/ upholsteries n
cumhdaitheoireacht
The craft or business of upholstering furniture.
cumhdach
The materials used in upholstering furniture.

upland /ˈəp-/ /ˈʌplənd/ uplands n
ardtalamh talamh ard
The area in the interior of a country with a generally higher elevation.

upload /əpˈloʊd/ /əpˈləʊd/ /ˈʌpˌloʊd/ /ˈʌpˌləʊd/ uploads n
uaslódáil
Such a file transfer.

upload /əpˈloʊd/ /əpˈləʊd/ /ˈʌpˌloʊd/ /ˈʌpˌləʊd/ v
lódáil suas uaslódáil
(transitive, intransitive, computing) To transfer data to a computer on a network, especially to a server on the Internet.

upper /ˈʌpə(ɹ)/ /ˈʌpɚ/ uppers n
uachtar
(shoemaking) The piece of leather, etc., that forms the top part of a shoe above the sole.

upper arm upper arms n
brac
(anatomy) The section of an arm from the elbow to the shoulder.

upper hand upper hands n
an lámh a bheith in uachtar agat ceannsmacht
(idiomatic) Advantage or control.

uppercut uppercuts n
buille in airde dorn aníos
(boxing) A swinging blow aimed upwards at the opponent's chin.

uprightness /ˌʌpˈɹaɪtnəs/ uprightnesses n
ionracas
(uncountable) The state of being honest, honourable, and moral.

uproar /ˈʌpɹɔː/ /ˈʌpɹɔːɹ/ uproars n
borrán frum fram

upset /ʌpˈsɛt/ /ˈʌpsɛt/ more upset most upset adj
múisiamach
(of a person, predicative, _, only) Angry, distressed, or unhappy.

upset /ʌpˈsɛt/ /ˈʌpsɛt/ upsets n
meath-thinneas múisiam
An upset stomach.

upshift v
ardaigh giar
(automotive, cycling) To shift to a higher gear

upside down /ˌʌpsaɪd ˈdaʊn/ /ˌʌpsaɪˈdaʊn/ adj
bun os cionn
Inverted; turned so that the top is at the bottom.

upside down /ˌʌpsaɪd ˈdaʊn/ /ˌʌpsaɪˈdaʊn/ adv
bunoscionn
Inverted, so that the top is now at the bottom.
trí chéile
In great disorder.

upsilon /(j)ɪu̯p-/ /juːpˈsaɪ.lən/ /ˈ(j)up.sɪˌlɒn/ /ˈjup.sɪˌlɑn/ /ˈup.sɪˌlɑn/ /ˈʌp.sɪˌlɑn/ /ˈʌp.sɪˌlɒn/ upsila upsilons n
upsalón
The twentieth letter of Classical and Modern Greek; the twenty-second letter of Old and Ancient Greek.

upstairs /ˈʌpˌstɛəz/ /ˈʌpˌstɛɹz/ /ˌʌpˈstɛəz/ /ˌʌpˈstɛɹz/ further upstairs furthest upstairs adv
suas an staighre thuas an staighre
Up the stairs; on a higher floor or level.

upstart /ˈʌp.stɑɹt/ /ˈʌp.stɑːt/ upstarts n
sotaire sárachán
One who has suddenly gained wealth, power, or other prominence, but either has not received social acceptance or has become arrogant or presumptuous.

upstream /ʌpˈstɹiːm/ farther farthest further upstream furthest upstream adj
in aghaidh srutha
In a direction against the flow of a current or stream of fluid (typically water); upriver.

upwards /ˈʌpwədz/ /ˈʌpwɚdz/ adv
aníos suas
Towards a (higher) position closer to the sky than the ground.

uranium /jʊˈɹeɪniəm/ uraniums n
úráiniam
The element with atomic number 92 and symbol U: a radioactive silvery-grey metal in the actinide series.

urban /ˈɜɹbən/ /ˈɜːb(ə)n/ more urban most urban adj
uirbeach
Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place, especially when contrasted with the countryside.

urban blight urban blights n
meath uirbeach
(urban studies) Urban decay consisting of the deterioration of part of a town or city due to ageing, neglect, and lack of financial support for maintenance.

urbanism /ˈɜː(ɹ)bənɪzəm/ urbanisms n
uirbeachas
The culture or way of life of people who live in cities.

urbanite urbanites n
duine cathrach
Someone who lives in a city or similar urban area.

urbanization urbanizations n
cathrú uirbiú
The process of the formation and growth of cities.
uirbiú
The change in a country or region when its population migrates from rural to urban areas.

urea /jʊˈɹiːə/ /ˈjʊəɹɪə/ ureas n
úiré
(organic compound, biochemistry, uncountable) A water-soluble organic compound, CO(NH2)2, formed by the metabolism of proteins and excreted in the urine.

uremia uremias n
úiréime
(pathology) Blood poisoning resulting from the retention of waste products usually excreted as urine.

ureter /jʊəˈɹiːtə(ɹ)/ ureters n
úiréadar
(anatomy) Either of the two long, narrow ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

urethra /jʊˈɹiːθɹə/ urethrae urethras n
úiréadra
(anatomy) The tube through which urine exits the body and, in penises, through which semen is ejaculated.

urge /ɜːd͡ʒ/ /ɝd͡ʒ/ v
spreag
brostaigh
(transitive) To press; to push; to drive; to impel; to force onward.

urgent /ˈɜː.d͡ʒənt/ /ˈɝ.d͡ʒənt/ more urgent most urgent adj
práinneach
Requiring immediate attention.

urial urials n
úirial
A bearded reddish sheep, subspecies of Ovis orientalis (including Ovis orientalis vignei), previously classified as Ovis vignei, being endemic to southern Asia and believed to be a wild ancestor of domestic sheep.

urinal /juːˈɹaɪnəl/ /ˈjɝɪnəl/ /ˈjʉːəɹɪnəl/ /ˈjʊɹɪnəl/ urinals n
fualán úirinéal
A plumbing fixture intended for standing urination, typically by men and boys.
briollán fualán
(obsolete) A room or structure used for urination: a latrine; an outhouse; a lavatory.

urinary bladder urinary bladders n
fual-lamhnán lamhnán fuail
(anatomy) An elastic, muscular sac situated in the pelvic cavity, into which urine from the kidneys is temporarily stored prior to disposal by urination. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra.

urine /ˈjɝɪn/ /ˈjʉːəɹɪn/ /ˈjʊəɹaɪn/ /ˈjʊəɹɪn/ /ˈjʊɹɪn/ urines n
fual mún

ursid /ˈɜːsɪd/ /ˈɝsɪd/ ursids n
ursaideach
(zoology) Any species of the family Ursidae; a bear, a giant panda, or any of certain extinct relatives.

urticaria /ˌɜː.tɪˈkɛə.ɹi.ə/ /ˌɝ.tɪˈkɛɹ.i.ə/ urticarias n
urtacáire
(diseases) Itchy, swollen, red areas of the skin which can appear quickly in response to an allergen or other conditions.

us /əs/ /əz/ /ʌs/ /ʌz/ pronoun
sinn
(personal) Me and at least one other person; the objective case of we.

use /(j)ɪu̯s/ /(j)ɪu̯z/ /jus/ /juz/ /juːs/ /juːz/ /jʉs/ /jʉːs/ /jʉːz/ v
úsáid
(transitive) To employ; to apply; to utilize.

used to /juːs(t).tu/ /juːs(t).tə/ /juːzd/ v
ba ghnách le
(temporal location) Formerly and habitually or repeatedly, but possibly no longer, did.

useful /ˈjusfəl/ /ˈjuːsfəl/ /ˈjʉːːsfəl/ [ˈjusfl̩] [ˈjuːsfl̩] [ˈjʉːːsfl̩] more useful most useful usefuller usefullest adj
úsáideach acrach
Having a practical or beneficial use.

useless /ˈjuːs.ləs/ more useless most useless uselesser uselessest adj
gan mhaith
Without use or possibility to be used.

uselessness uselessnesses n
neamhúsáid
the quality of being useless

username usernames n
ainm úsáideora
(computing) A person's identification on an individual computer system.

usherette usherettes n
banghiolla
(dated) A female usher.

usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/ /ˈjuːʒəl/ /ˈjuːʒʊəl/ more usual most usual adj
iondúil
Most commonly occurring; typical.

usually /ˈjuːʒ(ʊə)li/ /ˈjuːʒju(ə)li/ /ˈjuːʒu(ə)li/ /ˈjuːʒəli/ more usually most usually adv
go hiondúil
Most of the time; less than always, but more than occasionally.

usurious /juːˈzjuːɹɪəs/ /juːˈʒuːɹɪəs/ more usurious most usurious adj
gaimbíneach úsach
Of or pertaining to usury.

usurp /juˈsɝp/ /juːˈzɜːp/ v
forghabh
To seize power from another, usually by illegitimate means.

usurpation /ˌjuːsə(ɹ)ˈpeɪʃən/ /ˌjuːzə(ɹ)ˈpeɪʃən/ usurpations n
anlathas
The wrongful seizure of something by force, especially of sovereignty or other authority.

usurper /juˈsɜɹpə(ɹ)/ usurpers n
anlaith forghabhálaí forlámhaí
One who usurps.

utilitarian /juˌtɪləˈtɛɹi.ən/ /juːˌtɪlɪˈtɛːɹi.ən/ more utilitarian most utilitarian adj
fóntaíoch
Practical and functional, present for use, not just for show.

utilitarian /juˌtɪləˈtɛɹi.ən/ /juːˌtɪlɪˈtɛːɹi.ən/ utilitarians n
fóntaí
Someone who practices or advocates utilitarianism.

utilitarianism utilitarianisms n
fóntachas
(philosophy) The theory that action should be directed toward achieving the "greatest happiness for the greatest number of people" (hedonistic universalism), or one of various related theories.

utopia /juˈtoʊ.pi.ə/ /juːˈtəʊ.pi.ə/ utopia utopiae utopias n
útóipe
A world in which everything and everyone works in perfect harmony.

utopian /juˈtoʊpi.ən/ more utopian most utopian adj
útóipeach
Of or pertaining to or resembling a utopia.

utopianism utopianisms n
útóipeachas
The belief in a system for an ideal society, usually regarded as unrealistic.

uvula /ˈju.vjəl.ə/ /ˈjuː.vjʊl.ə/ uvulae uvulas uvulæ n
sine siain
(anatomy) Ellipsis of palatine uvula.: the fleshy appendage that hangs from the back of the soft palate, that closes the nasopharynx during swallowing

vacation /veɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ /veɪˈkeɪʃən/ /vəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ v
dul ar saoire
(intransitive) To spend or take a vacation.

vaccinate /ˈvæksɪneɪt/ v
vacsaínigh
(transitive) To treat (a person or an animal) with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease.

vaccination /ˌvæk.sɪˈneɪ.ʃn̩/ /ˌvæk.sɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ vaccinations n
vacsaíniú
Inoculation with a vaccine, in order to protect from a particular disease or strain of disease.

vaccinator vaccinators n
vacsaíneoir
A person or agent that administers vaccines.

vaccine /-saɪn/ /-sɪn/ /vækˈsin/ /ˈvæksiːn/ /ˈvækˌsin/ vaccines n
vacsaín
A substance given to stimulate a body's production of antibodies and provide immunity against a disease without causing the disease itself in the treatment, prepared from the agent that causes the disease (or a derivative of it; or a related, also effective, but safer disease), or a synthetic substitute; also, a dose of such a substance.

vacillating more vacillating most vacillating adj
luaineach
Liable to vacillate.

vacillation /væsɪˈleɪʃən/ vacillations n
luaineacht
Indecision in speech or action.

vacuity /vaˈkjuːɪti/ /væˈkjuːɪtɪ/ /vəˈkjuːɪti/ /vəˈkjuːɪtɪ/ vacuities n
foilmhe
Emptiness.

vacuum /ˈvæ.kjuː.əm/ /ˈvæ.kjuːm/ vacua vacuums n
folús
A region of space that contains no matter.

vacuum cleaner vacuum cleaners n
folúsghlantóir húvar
A domestic or industrial mobile machine for cleaning floors and similar surfaces that draws dust and other particles into a container (a cyclonic type bin, or a filter bag) by the suction created by an electric motor driving a fan.

vacuum tube vacuum tubes n
folúsfheadán
(electronics) A type of electron tube that controls electron current through vacuum between electrodes within a sealed container, usually of glass or metal and often designed to be easily installed in and removed from the equipment in which it is used.

vagina /vəˈd͡ʒaɪ.nə/ vaginae vaginas vaginæ n
faighin
(anatomy) A passage leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus for copulation and childbirth in female mammals.
(zootomy) A similar part in some invertebrates and non-mammalian amniotes.

vagrancy /ˈveɪɡɹənsɪ/ vagrancies n
fánaíocht
the state of being a vagrant

vagrant /ˈveɪɡɹənt/ vagrants n
bóithreoir fuad fuaidire fánaí geocach gé
(dated) A person who wanders from place to place; a nomad, a wanderer.
jaingléir
(specifically) A person without settled employment or habitation who usually supports himself or herself by begging or some dishonest means; a tramp, a vagabond.

vain /veɪn/ more vain most vain vainer vainest adj
arduallach díomasach mustrach
Overly proud of oneself, especially concerning appearance; having a high opinion of one's own accomplishments with slight reason.
amú in aisce
Effecting no purpose; pointless, futile.

vair /veə/ /vɛə/ /vɛɹ/ vairs n
véir
(tincture) An heraldic fur formed by a regular tessellation of bell shapes in two colours, (for example in the image, blue and white).

valedictory /ˌvæləˈdɪktəɹi/ /ˌvæləˈdɪktɹi/ /ˌvælɪˈdɪktəɹi/ /ˌvælɪˈdɪktɹi/ adj
fágála scoir
Of or pertaining to a valediction; designed for or suitable to an occasion of bidding farewell or parting company.

valence /ˈveɪl(ə)ns/ /ˈveɪləns/ valences n
fiús
The combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc. [from 1884]

valence electron valence electrons n
fiúsleictreon
(chemistry) Any of the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom (the valence shell); capable of forming bonds with other atoms.

valence shell valence shells n
fiús-sceall
(chemistry) the outermost shell of electrons in an atom; these valence electrons take part in bonding with other atoms

valentine /ˈvaləntaɪn/ valentines n
cárta Fhéile Vailintín cárta Lá Fhéile Vailintín cárta vailintín
An expression of affection, especially romantic affection, usually in the form of greeting card, gift, or message given the object of one's affection, especially on February 14th.
vailintín
A person to whom a valentine is given or from whom it is received, especially on February 14th.

valerian /vəˈlɪəɹɪən/ valerians n
caorthann corraigh
(uncountable) The root of Valeriana officinalis, used in herbal medicine.

valet /væˈleɪ/ /ˈvæleɪ/ /ˈvælɪt/ valets n
giolla páirceála
(US) A person employed to clean or park cars.

valiant /ˈvæliənt/ more valiant most valiant adj
galach
Possessing or showing courage or determination; brave, heroic.

valid /ˈveɪ.lɪd/ /ˈvæ.lɪd/ /ˈvælɪd/ more valid most valid adj
bailí
Well grounded or justifiable, pertinent.
Acceptable, proper or correct; in accordance with the rules.

validate /ˈvæl.ə.deɪt/ /ˈvæl.ɪ.deɪt/ v
bailíochtaigh bailmheas dearbhaigh a bheith bailí deimhnigh
(transitive) To check or prove the validity of; verify.

validity /vəˈlɪd.ə.ti/ /vəˈlɪd.ɪ.ti/ [vəˈlɪd.ə.ɾi] [vəˈlɪɾ.ə.ti] [vəˈlɪɾ.ɪ.ti] [vəˈlɪɾ.ɪ.ɾi] validities n
bailíocht
The state of being valid, authentic or genuine.
(Christianity, theology) The genuinity, as distinguished from the efficacity or the regularity, of a sacrament as a result of some formal dispositions being fulfilled.

valley /ˈvæli/ valleys vallies n
gleann
An elongated depression cast between hills or mountains, often garnished with a river flowing through it.

valuable /ˈvælju(ə)bl̩/ /ˈvæljəbl̩/ more valuable most valuable adj
luachmhar mórluachach
Having a great value.

value /ˈvæl.juː/ values n
luach
The quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable.
The amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else.
fiúntas
(uncountable) The degree of importance given to something.
méid
(mathematics, physics) Any definite numerical quantity or other mathematical object, determined by being measured, computed, or otherwise defined.

value /ˈvæl.juː/ v
luacháil
To estimate the value of; judge the worth of something.
To fix or determine the value of; assign a value to, as of jewelry or art work.

value added tax value added taxes n
cáin bhreisluacha
(taxation) A tax levied on the added value that results from the exchange of goods and services

valve /ˈvælv/ valves n
comhla
(anatomy) One or more membranous partitions, flaps, or folds, which permit the passage of the contents of a vessel or cavity in one direction, but stop or control the flow in the opposite direction

vamp /væmp/ vamps n
buimpéis
The top part of a boot or shoe, above the sole and welt and in front of the ankle seam, that covers the instep and toes; the front part of an upper; the analogous part of a stocking. [from c. 1225]

vampire /ˈvæm.paɪ.ə(ɹ)/ vampires n
vaimpír deamhan fola súmaire súmaire fola
A mythological creature (usually humanoid and undead) said to feed on the blood or life energy of the living. [from 1732]
vaimpír
A blood-sucking bat; vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) [from later 18th c.]

vampire bat vampire bats n
vaimpír
Any of the three small bats of the subfamily Desmodontinae, native to Central and South America, which use their teeth to cut the skin of larger animals while they are asleep and surreptitiously drink blood, their sole source of food.

van /væn/ vans n
veain
A covered motor vehicle used to carry goods or (normally less than ten) persons, usually roughly cuboid in shape, Depending on the type of van, it can be bigger or smaller than a pickup truck and SUV, and longer and higher than a car but relatively smaller than a truck/lorry or a bus.

vanadium /vəˈneɪdi.əm/ vanadiums n
vanaidiam
A chemical element (symbol V) with atomic number 23; it is a transition metal, used in the production of special steels.

vandal /ˈvændəl/ vandals n
creachadóir loitiméir sladaire
A person who needlessly destroys, defaces, or damages things, especially other people's property.

vandalism /ˈvændəlɪzm̩/ vandalisms n
loitiméireacht
Willful damage to or destruction of any property, such as graffiti or defacement.

vanguard /ˈvanˌɡɑːd/ /ˈvænˌɡɑɹd/ /ˈvɛnˌɡɐːd/ vanguards n
urgharda
(military) The leading units at the front of an army or fleet.

vanilla /vəˈnɛlə/ /vəˈnɪlə/ vanillas n
fanaile
(uncountable) The distinctive fragrant flavour/flavor characteristic of vanilla extract.

vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/ v
imigh as amharc
To become invisible or to move out of view unnoticed.

vanity /ˈvænəti/ /ˈvænɪti/ [-ɾi] vanities n
díomhaointeas
That which is vain, futile, or worthless; that which is of no value, use or profit.
uaill
Excessive pride in or admiration of one's own abilities, appearance, achievements, or possessions.

vaporous /ˈveɪpəɹəs/ /ˈveɪpɹəs/ more vaporous most vaporous adj
galach
Breathing out or giving off vapour.

variable star variable stars n
réalta athraitheach
(star) Any star whose brightness varies.

variation /ˌvæɹiˈeɪʃn̩/ /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/ /ˌvɛəɹɪˈeɪʃn̩/ /ˌvɛɹiˈeɪʃn̩/ variations n
athruithe éagsúlacht
The act of varying; a partial change in the form, position, state, or qualities of a thing.

varicose /ˈvæɹ.ɪ.kəʊs/ /ˈvɛɹ.ə.koʊs/ more varicose most varicose adj
borrtha
(usually of a vein or set of veins) Abnormally swollen, dilated or knotty.

varicose vein varicose veins n
féith bhorrtha
(pathology) An abnormally swollen or dilated vein.
greabhán na gcos
(in the plural) The medical condition of having such veins, especially in the legs.

varied /ˈvæɹid/ /ˈvɛəɹid/ /ˈvɛɹid/ more varied most varied adj
ilchineálach ilghnéitheach
diverse or miscellaneous

variegated horsetail variegated horsetails n
scuab eich bhreac
A plant in the taxonomic genus Equisetum of horsetails (Equisetum variegatum).

variety /-ɾi/ /vəˈɹaɪ.ə.ti/ /vəˈɹaɪ.ɪ.ti/ varieties n
sórt
(algebraic geometry) Ellipsis of algebraic variety (“the set of solutions of a given system of polynomial equations over the real or complex numbers; any of certain generalisations of such a set that preserves the geometric intuition implicit in the original definition”).

various /ˈvæɹ.i.əs/ /ˈvɛə.ɹi.əs/ /ˈvɛɚ.i.əs/ /ˈvɛɹ.i.əs/ adj
ilchineálach ilghnéitheach éagsúil
Having a broad range (of different elements).

varlet /ˈvɑːlət/ varlets n
bithiúnach
(archaic) A rogue or scoundrel.

varnish /ˈvɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ/ varnishes n
vearnais
A type of paint with a solvent that evaporates to leave a hard, transparent, glossy film.

varve /vɑɹv/ /vɑːv/ varves n
varbh
(geology) An annual layer of sediment or sedimentary rock.

varved more varved most varved adj
varbhach
Having varves

vascular adj
feadánach soithíoch
(anatomy) Relating to the flow of fluids, such as blood, lymph, or sap, through the body of an animal or plant, or to the vessels that carry such fluids

vascular plant vascular plants n
planda soithíoch
(botany) Any plant possessing vascular tissue (xylem and phloem), including ferns, conifers, and flowering plants.

vase /veɪs/ /veɪz/ /væes/ /vɐːz/ /vɑz/ /vɑːz/ /vɔz/ /vɔːz/ [-s] [vaz] [veːz] [väːz] [vɒːz] vases n
vása bláthchuach
An upright open container used mainly for displaying fresh, dried, or artificial flowers.

vasectomy /vəˈsɛktəmi/ vasectomies n
vaiseachtóime
(surgery) The surgical incision of all or part of the vas deferens as a means of male sterilization.

vaseline /ˈvæsəliːn/ vaselines n
veasailín
Petroleum jelly.

vasodilator vasodilators n
soitheachleathóir
(biochemistry, organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) A drug or chemical agent that causes dilation of the blood vessels thereby reducing blood pressure.

vassal /ˈvæsəl/ adj
seirbhíseach vasáilleach

vassal /ˈvæsəl/ vassals n
seirbhíseach vasáilleach
(historical, law) The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service.

vassal state vassal states n
fostát
A state that is subordinate to another; government chiefly directed by the interests of an overlord or patron state.

vassalage /ˈvæsəlɪd͡ʒ/ vassalages n
géillsine vasáilleacht óglachas
The state of being a vassal.

vast /vast/ /væst/ /vɑːst/ more vast most vast vaster vastest adj
uafásach
Very large or wide (literally or figuratively).

vastness /ˈvæstnəs/ vastnesses n
ollmhéid
(uncountable) The quality of being vast.

vat /væt/ vats n
dabhach
A large tub, such as is used for making wine or for tanning.

vatful vatfuls vatsful n
lán daibhche
As much as a vat will hold.

vaulted more vaulted most vaulted adj
stuach
(architecture) Of a ceiling supported by arches, introduced in the Gothic style.

veal /viːl/ veals n
laofheoil
The flesh of a calf (i.e. a young bovine) used for food.

vector /ˈvɛktə/ /ˈvɛktɚ/ vectors n
veicteoir
(mathematics, physics) A directed quantity, one with both magnitude and direction; the signed difference between two points.
(aviation) A chosen course or direction for motion, as of an aircraft.
(epidemiology) A carrier of a disease-causing agent.
(molecular biology) A DNA molecule used to carry genetic information from one organism into another.

vector space vector spaces n
spás veicteoireach
(algebra, geometry, topology) A set of elements called vectors, together with some field and operations called addition (mapping two vectors to a vector) and scalar multiplication (mapping a vector and an element in the field to a vector), satisfying a list of constraints; equivalently, a module over a field.

vectorial adj
veicteoireach
(mathematics) Of or pertaining to a vector.

vee /ˈviː/ vees n
vé
The name of the Latin-script letter V/v.

vegan /ˈveɪɡən/ /ˈviːɡən/ /ˈvɛd͡ʒən/ adj
veigeánach
Relating to vegans or veganism. [from 1944]

vegan /ˈveɪɡən/ /ˈviːɡən/ /ˈvɛd͡ʒən/ vegans n
veigeán fíor-veigeatóir
A person committed to avoiding products and practices that inherently involve animal use, including all foods containing animal products, and to abstaining from direct and intentional harm to animals as far as possible; an adherent to veganism.

vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/ /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.ə.tə.bəl/ /ˈvɛt͡ʃ.tə.bəl/ [ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bl̩] vegetables n
glasra
A plant raised for some edible part of it, such as the leaves, roots, fruit or flowers, but excluding any plant considered to be a fruit, grain, herb, or spice in the culinary sense.

vegetable garden vegetable gardens n
garraí cistine garraí glasraí
A garden where vegetables and herbs are grown for personal or household use, sometimes inclusive of cold frames, greenhouses, and market gardens. (This entry is a translation hub.)

vegetable oil vegetable oils n
ola phlandúil
Any oil produced from plants, such as olive oil and corn oil, mostly used for cooking.

vegetal /ˈvɛd͡ʒɨtl̩/ /ˈvɛd͡ʒɪ̈tl̩/ more vegetal most vegetal adj
plandúil
Pertaining to vegetables or plants. [from 16th c.]

vegetal pole vegetal poles n
pol cothaitheach
(embryology) The hemisphere of the blastula opposite to the animal pole comprising large yolk cells dividing at a slower rate that eventually differentiate into the extraembryonic membranes.

vegetarian /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/ /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛə.ɹi.ən/ /ˌvɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ən/ more vegetarian most vegetarian adj
feoilséantach veigeatórach
Of or relating to the type of diet eaten by vegetarians (in all senses). [from 1849]
Of a product normally made with meat, having non-meat substitutes in place of meat.

vegetarian /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/ /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛə.ɹi.ən/ /ˌvɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ən/ vegetarians n
feoilséantóir luibhiteoir veigeatóir
A person who does not eat animal flesh, or, in some cases, use any animal products. [from 1839]

vegetarianism /vɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛəɹi.ənɪzəm/ /vɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛɹi.ənɪzəm/ vegetarianisms n
feoilséanadh
The practice of following a vegetarian diet.

vehicle /ˈvi.ə.kəl/ /ˈviˌ(h)ɪ.kəl/ /ˈviː.ɪ.kəl/ /ˈvɛ.hɪ.kəl/ /ˈvɪə.kəl/ /ˈvɪː(ə).kəl/ vehicles n
feithicil
A conveyance; a spacious device for carrying or transporting substances, objects, people or animals.

vehicular /viˈhɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/ /viːɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/ adj
feithicleach
Of or pertaining to a vehicle or vehicles, usually specifically cars and trucks; involving a vehicle.

vein /veɪn/ veins n
féith cuisle
(anatomy) A blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries back to the heart.
síog
A stripe or streak of a different colour or composition in materials such as wood, cheese, marble or other rocks.

vellum /ˈvɛləm/ vellums n
párpháipéar
A type of parchment paper made from the skin of a lamb, baby goat, or calf.
A writing paper of very high quality.

velocity /vəˈlɑsəti/ /vəˈlɒsəti/ velocities n
treoluas
(physics) A vector quantity that denotes the rate of change of position with respect to time, combining speed with a directional component.

velour velours n
veiliúr
A knit fabric similar to velvet, but usually somewhat coarser.

velvet /ˈvɛlvɪt/ velvets n
veilbhit
A closely woven fabric (originally of silk, now also of cotton or man-made fibres) with a thick short pile on one side.
Very fine fur, including the skin and fur on a deer's antlers.

velveteen /ˈvɛlvətiːn/ velveteens n
veilbhitín
A cotton fabric with a short pile, resembling velvet.

velvety /ˈvɛlvəti/ more velvety most velvety adj
veilbhitiúil
(also, figuratively) Like velvet; soft, smooth, soothing.

vending machine vending machines n
meaisín díola
An automatic machine that dispenses merchandise (often food or beverages) in return for payment (originally coins; now also often paper money, credit cards, and wirelessly via digital payment apps).

veneer /vəˈnɪə(ɹ)/ /vəˈnɪɹ/ veneers n
veinír
A thin decorative covering of fine material (usually wood) applied to coarser wood or other material.

veneration /ˌvɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/ venerations n
urraim ómós
Profound reverence, respect or awe.

venereal /vəˈnɪ.ɹi.əl/ /vəˈnɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ /vɪ-/ adj
drúisiúil
Of or relating to the genitals or sexual intercourse.
drúisiúil véinéireach
Of a disease: sexually transmitted; of or relating to, or adapted to the cure of, a venereal disease.

vengeance /ˈvɛnˌd͡ʒəns/ vengeances n
díoltas agairt
Revenge taken for an insult, injury, or other wrong.

venial sin venial sins n
peaca solathach
(Roman Catholic, theology) A sin that is not a mortal sin; a sin that is not grave, or was not deliberate or was committed without a full understanding of the consequences.

venipuncture venipunctures n
féithpholladh
(hematology) The puncture of a vein, usually to draw a blood sample, collect a blood donation, or insert an intravenous line.

venison /ˈvɛ.nɪ.sən/ /ˈvɛ.nɪ.zən/ /ˈvɛn.zən/ venisons n
fiafheoil oiseoil
The meat of a deer.

venom /ˈvɛnəm/ venoms n
nimh
An animal toxin intended for defensive or offensive use; a biological poison delivered by bite, sting, etc., to protect an animal or to kill its prey.
aicis
(figuratively) Feeling or speech marked by spite or malice; vitriol.

venomous /ˈvɛnəməs/ more venomous most venomous adj
aiciseach
Hateful; malignant; spiteful.

vent /vɛnt/ vents n
gaothaire
An opening through which gases, especially air, can pass.

ventilation /ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ ventilations n
aeráil aerú
The replacement of stale or noxious air with fresh.

ventriloquism ventriloquisms n
bolgchaint
The art of projecting one's voice without moving the lips so that it appears to come from another source, such as a dummy.

venture /ˈvɛn.t͡ʃə/ /ˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ/ ventures n
amhantar
A risky or daring undertaking or journey.

venture capital n
caipiteal fiontair
(business) Money invested in an innovative enterprise in which both the potential for profit and the risk of loss are considerable.

veranda /vəˈɹæn.də/ verandas n
vearanda
A gallery, platform, or balcony, usually roofed and often partly enclosed, extending along the outside of a building. [from 18th c.]

verb /vɜːb/ /vɝb/ verbs n
briathar
(grammar) A word that indicates an action, event, or state of being.

verbal /ˈvɜː.bəl/ /ˈvɝ.bəl/ [ˈvɜː.bɫ̩] [ˈvɜ˞.bɫ̩] adj
briathartha
(grammar) Derived from, or having the nature of a verb.

verbal noun verbal nouns n
ainm briathartha
(grammar) A noun that is morphologically related to a verb and similar to it in meaning; in English, it contrasts with the gerund and the deverbal noun.

verbalize /ˈvəːbəlʌɪz/ v
cuir i bhfocail
(transitive) To speak or to use words to express.

verbatim /vɜːˈbeɪ.tɪm/ /vɝˈbeɪ.tɪm/ adv
focal ar fhocal
Word for word; in exactly the same words as were used originally.

verbiage /ˈvɜː(ɹ).bi.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈvɝ.bi.ɪd͡ʒ/ verbiages n
foclachas
Overabundance of words.

verbose /vəˈbəʊs/ /vɚˈboʊs/ more verbose most verbose adj
briathrach foclach
Containing or using more words than necessary; long-winded, wordy. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

verbosity /vəˈbɒsəti/ /vɚˈbɑsəti/ verbosities n
foclachas
(rhetoric) The excess use of words, especially using more than are needed for clarity or precision.

verdict /ˈvɜɹ.dɪt/ /ˈvɜː.dɪkt/ /ˈvɝ.dɪkt/ verdicts n
breith breithiúnas fíorasc
(legal) A decision on an issue of fact in a civil or criminal case or an inquest.
tuairim
An opinion or judgement.

verdigris /ˈvɝ.də.ɡɹi/ /ˈvɝ.də.ɡɹis/ /ˈvɝ.də.ɡɹɪs/ verdigrises n
glasar
A blue-green patina or rust that forms on copper-containing metals.

verge /vɜːd͡ʒ/ /vɝd͡ʒ/ verges n
broinne ciumhais
An edge or border.

vermicelli vermicellis n
veirmisilí
Long, slender pasta, similar to spaghetti, only thinner.

vermiform /ˈvɜː(ɹ)mɪfɔː(ɹ)m/ adj
péistchruthach
In the shape of a worm.

vermiform appendix vermiform appendices vermiform appendixes n
aipindic aipindic phéistchruthach
(anatomy) An organ consisting of a blind tube projecting from the caecum. Of disputed function (if any), it is known for sometimes causing inflammation (appendicitis) in humans.

vermilion /vəˈmɪl.jən/ /vɚˈmɪl.jən/ vermilions n
flanndearg
A vivid red synthetic pigment made of mercury sulfide, cinnabar.
A bright orange-red colour.

vermin /ˈvɜːmɪn/ /ˈvɝmɪn/ vermin vermins n
míolra
Any of various common types of small insects or other animals which cause harm and annoyance. [from c. 1300]

vermouth /vəˈmuːθ/ /vɚˈmuθ/ /ˈvɜːməθ/ vermouths n
fíon mormónta
A dry, or sweet apéritif wine flavored with aromatic herbs, and often used in mixed drinks.

vernacular /vəˈnækjələ/ /vəˈnækjʊlə/ /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/ more vernacular most vernacular adj
dúchasach
Of or pertaining to everyday language, as opposed to standard, literary, liturgical, or scientific idiom.

vernacular /vəˈnækjələ/ /vəˈnækjʊlə/ /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/ vernaculars n
teanga an phobail teanga choiteann teanga dhúchais teanga na coitiantachta
Everyday speech or dialect, including colloquialisms, as opposed to standard, literary, liturgical, or scientific idiom.

vernal equinox vernal equinoxes n
Túsphointe Aries cónocht an earraigh
(astronomy) The moment when the sun appears to cross the celestial equator while tilting towards the observer, taking place in March in the northern hemisphere and September in the southern hemisphere.

veronal n
vearónach
A barbiturate, used formerly to induce sleep.

versatility /ˌvəɹsəˈtɪlɪti/ versatilities n
ilchumas ildánacht ilfheidhmeacht ilúsáideacht
The property of being versatile or having many different abilities.

verse /ˈvɜːs/ /ˈvɝs/ verses n
véarsaíocht
A poetic form with regular meter and a fixed rhyme scheme.
Poetic form in general.
véarsa
One of several similar units of a song, consisting of several lines, generally rhymed.
A small section of a holy book (Bible, Quran etc.)

versification versifications n
rannaireacht rannaíocht véarsaíocht
(poetry) The act, art, or practice of composing poetic verse; the construction or measure of verse or poetry; metrical composition.

versus /ˈvɜːsəs/ /ˈvɜːsɪz/ /ˈvɝs/ /ˈvɝsəs/ /ˈvɝsəz/ preposition
in aghaidh
Against; in opposition to.

vertebra /ˈvɜː.tɪb.ɹə/ /ˈvɝ.təb.ɹə/ /ˈvɝ.təˌbɹeɪ/ vertebrae vertebras vertebræ n
veirteabra
(skeleton) Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord.

vertebral /vɚˈti.bɹəl/ /ˈvɜː.tɪ.bɹəl/ /ˈvɜ˞.tə.bɹəl/ adj
veirteabrach
(anatomy) Of or relating to a vertebra or the spine.

vertebral column vertebral columns n
colún veirteabrach
(skeleton) The series of vertebrae that protect the spinal cord; the spinal column.

vertebrate /ˈvɛɹ.tɪ.bɹeɪt/ adj
veirteabrach
Having a backbone.

vertebrate /ˈvɛɹ.tɪ.bɹeɪt/ vertebrates n
veirteabrach
An animal having a backbone.

vertex /ˈvɜː.tɛks/ /ˈvɝˌtɛks/ vertexes vertices n
stuaic
(geometry) An angular point of a polygon, polyhedron or higher order polytope.

very /ˈvɛɹi/ adv
an- ana- iontach
To a great extent or degree.

vesper bat vesper bats n
ialtóg choiteann
Any member of the Vespertilionidae, a family of bats.

vessel /ˈvɛs.əl/ [ˈvɛsɫ̩] vessels n
galún leastar soitheach áras
A person as a container of qualities or feelings. [From 1382]

vest /vɛst/ vests n
veist
(North America) A sleeveless garment that buttons down the front, worn over a shirt, and often as part of a suit; a waistcoat.

vestal /ˈvɛs.t(ə)l/ adj
veisteach
Of or pertaining to Vesta, the virgin goddess of the hearth.
Pure; chaste.

vestal virgin vestal virgins n
maighdean veisteach
(literally) A virgin dedicated to the service of the goddess Vesta.

vestment /ˈvɛstmənt/ vestments n
brat altóra éide
Any of the special articles of clothing worn by members of the clergy etc., especially a garment worn at the celebration of the Eucharist.

vet /vɛt/ v
seiceáil
To thoroughly check or investigate particularly with regard to providing formal approval.

veteran /ˈvɛ.tə.ɹən/ /ˈvɛ.tɹən/ [ˈvɛ.t̬ə.ɹən] [ˈvɛ.ɾə.ɹən] adj
ársa
Having had long experience, practice, or service.

veteran /ˈvɛ.tə.ɹən/ /ˈvɛ.tɹən/ [ˈvɛ.t̬ə.ɹən] [ˈvɛ.ɾə.ɹən] veterans n
ársa
A person with long experience of a particular activity.
A person who has served in the armed forces, especially an old soldier who has seen long service; also called a war veteran to distinguish from veterans who weren't in armed conflict.

veterinarian /ˌvɛt(ə)ɹə.ˈnɛɹ.i.ən/ /ˌvɛtʃ.ɹɪn.ˈɛɹ.i.ən/ /ˌvɛʔ.n̩.ˈɛɹ.i.ən/ veterinarians n
tréidlia
A medical doctor who treats animals.

veterinary /vɛtɪnɛɹi/ /ˈvɛtəɹɪnɛɹi/ /ˈvɛtɪnɛɹi/ /ˈvɛtɪnɹi/ /ˈvɛtɹɪnɛɹi/ /ˈvɛtɹɪnɹi/ more veterinary most veterinary adj
tréidliachta
Of or relating to the medical or surgical treatment of animals, especially domestic and farm animals.

veterinary medicine n
tréidliacht
The branch of medicine that deals with the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and injuries of animals, especially domestic and farm animals.

veto /ˈvi.toʊ/ /ˈviˌtoʊ/ /ˈviːtəʊ/ [ˈviɾoʊ] [ˈviˌtʰoʊ] vetoes vetos n
cros
A political right to disapprove of (and thereby stop) the process of a decision, a law etc.
cros crosadh
An invocation of that right.

veto /ˈvi.toʊ/ /ˈviˌtoʊ/ /ˈviːtəʊ/ [ˈviɾoʊ] [ˈviˌtʰoʊ] v
cros
(transitive) To use a veto against.

vex /vɛks/ v
buair
(transitive) To cause (mental) suffering to; to distress.

vexation /vɛkˈseɪʃən/ vexations n
crá croí
The state of being vexed or irritated.

vexillology /ˌvɛk.səˈlɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌvɛk.sɪˈlɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ n
brateolaíocht
The study of flags.

vice /vaɪs/ vices n
duáilce
ainbhéas anlocht drochbhéas drochghnáthú
Bad or immoral behaviour.

vice-chancellor vice-chancellors n
leas-seansailéir
(education) An official holding a rank immediately below that of chancellor.

vicereine /vʌɪsɹeɪn/ /ˈvʌɪsɹɛn/ vicereines n
leasbhanríon leasríon
The wife of a viceroy. [from 19th c.]

viceroy /ˈvaɪsˌɹɔɪ/ viceroys n
fear ionaid an rí fear ionaid rí ionadaí rí leasrí
One who governs a country, province, or colony as the representative of a monarch.

vicious /ˈvɪʃəs/ more vicious most vicious viciouser viciousest adj
ainbhéasach coirpe drochmhúinte duáilceach mínáireach oilbhéasach
(archaic) Pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity.

vicious circle vicious circles n
ciorcal lochtach
(logic) A fallacy in which the premise is used to prove a conclusion which is then used to prove the premise.

vicissitude /vaɪˈsɪs.ɪˌtuːd/ /vɪˈsɪs.ɪˌt(j)uːd/ vicissitudes n
tréimhseacht
Regular change or succession from one thing to another, or one part of a cycle to the next; alternation; mutual succession; interchange.

victorious /vɪkˈtɔːɹiəs/ more victorious most victorious adj
áitheasach
Being the winner in a contest, struggle, war, etc.
Of or expressing a sense of victory or triumph.

victory /ˈvɪktəɹi/ /ˈvɪktɹi/ victories n
áitheas
(uncountable) The condition or state of having won a battle or competition, or having succeeded in an effort; (countable) an instance of this.

vicuna /vɪˈkuːnjə/ vicunas n
viciúna
A South American mammal, Vicugna vicugna, closely related to the alpaca, llama, and guanaco.

video /ˈvɪd.i.oʊ/ /ˈvɪd.i.əʊ/ videmus videos n
físeán
Television, television show, movie.

video call video calls n
físghlaoch
A kind of telephone call accompanied by video imagery.

video camera video cameras n
físcheamara
A device for recording video footage, often a portable one used by amateurs; also as a fixed installation for surveillance purposes.

video card video cards n
físchárta
(computing) A piece of hardware installed into a personal computer to allow it to send video signals to an external output device such as a monitor or projector.

video conference /- ˌkɒnfɹəns/ /ˈvɪdiəʊ ˌkɒnfəɹəns/ video conferences n
físchomhdháil
(telecommunications) A conference held by video link; an arranged video phone call between more than two parties.

video game /ˈvɪdioʊ̯ˌɡeɪm/ /ˈvɪdiːəʊ̯ˌɡeɪm/ video games n
cluiche físeán cluiche físe físchluiche
A type of game, existing as and controlled by software, usually run by a video game console or a computer, played on a monitor or television screen, and controlled by a joypad, joystick, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen or paddle. [from 1973]

video gamer video gamers n
físchluichire
A person who plays video games.

video journalist video journalists n
físiriseoir
A journalist who handles all aspects of production on their own, acting as reporter, cameraman and editor.

video nasty video nasties n
físghránnán
(British, informal) A video recording depicting excessive gore and violence.

videocassette videocassettes n
físchaiséad
A cassette containing a blank or prerecorded videotape on which visual images and sounds are recorded for use with a VCR.

videocassette recorder videocassette recorders n
fístaifeadán caiséid
An electronic device for recording and playing back television programs and movies (featuring visual images and sound) on a videocassette that can be attached to a television set.

videodisc videodiscs n
físdiosca
A video recording of visual images and sounds on an optical disc that can be played on a television receiver.

videographer videographers n
físghrafadóir
Any person involved in the production of video material, but especially a person who uses a video camera.

videophone videophones n
físeafón
(dated) A cellphone with such capability. Used to distinguish from stills-only camera cellphones and camera-less cellphones.
A telephone capable of transmitting both audio and video signals in both directions.

videotape videotapes n
fístéip téip físe
A relatively wide magnetic tape used for recording visual images and sounds (as of a television production) for subsequent playback or broadcasting.

vieux riche /vjø ʁiʃ/ vieux riches n
sean-airgead
(pejorative) Old money; wealthy persons whose fortunes are inherited, and who are therefore perceived to have refinement and good breeding.

vigil /ˈvɪd͡ʒəl/ vigils n
cathais

vigilant /ˈvɪd͡ʒɪlənt/ more vigilant most vigilant adj
aireach cathaiseach feighlíoch
Watchful, especially for danger or disorder; alert; wary

vigorous /ˈvaɪɡɹəs/ /ˈvɪɡəɹəs/ more vigorous most vigorous adj
bríomhar ceolmhar fuinniúil neartmhar
Physically strong and active.

vigorousness n
bríomhaireacht fuinniúlacht neartmhaire scafántacht spionntacht
The quality of being vigorous.

village /ˈvɪlɪd͡ʒ/ villages n
sráidbhaile gráigbhaile
A rural habitation of size between a hamlet and a town.

villain /ˈvɪl.jən/ /ˈvɪl.ən/ villainess villains n
bithiúnach
A deliberate scoundrel.
(fiction) In fiction, a character who has the role of being bad, especially antagonizing the hero; an antagonist who is also evil or malevolent.

villainous /ˈvɪlənəs/ more villainous most villainous adj
bithiúnta
Of, relating to, or appropriate to a villain.

villein /ˈvɪleɪn/ /ˈvɪlən/ villeins n
seirfeach viléineach
(historical) A feudal tenant, a serf.

villus /ˈvɪləs/ villi n
villeas
(biology) A small projection from a membrane, particularly those found in the mucous membranes of the intestines.

vindictive /vɪnˈdɪk.tɪv/ more vindictive most vindictive adj
agrach aifearach
Having a tendency to seek revenge when wronged, vengeful.

vine /vaɪn/ vines n
féithleog
(by extension) Any similar climbing or trailing plant.

vinegar /ˈvɪnəɡə/ /ˈvɪnəɡɚ/ vinegars n
fínéagar
(uncountable) A sour liquid formed by the fermentation of alcohol used as a condiment or preservative; a dilute solution of acetic acid.

vineyard /ˈvɪn.jəd/ /ˈvɪn.jɚd/ /ˈvɪnˌjɑːd/ vineyards n
fíonghort
A grape plantation, especially one used in the production of wine.

vinous /ˈvaɪnəs/ more vinous most vinous adj
fíonda
Pertaining to or having the characteristics of wine.

vinyl /ˈvaɪ.nəl/ /ˈvaɪ.nɪl/ [ˈvaɪ.nl̩] vinyls n
vinil
(organic compound, uncountable) The univalent radical CH2=CH−, derived from ethylene.
(countable) Any of various compounds and substances containing the vinyl radical, especially various tough, flexible, shiny plastics.

viol /ˈvaɪ.əl/ viols n
vióla da gamba
(musical instrument) A stringed instrument related to the violin family, but held in the lap between the legs like a cello, usually with C-holes, a flat back, a fretted neck and six strings, played with an underhanded bow hold

viola /viˈoʊ.lə/ /viˈəʊ.lə/ violas viole n
vióla
A stringed instrument of the violin family, somewhat larger than a violin, played under the chin, and having a deeper tone.

violence /ˈvaɪ(ə)ləns/ /ˈvaɪ(ə)ˌlɛns/ violences n
neart cumhacht
Extreme force.
foréigean
Physical action which causes destruction, harm, pain, or suffering.
Widespread fighting.
dochar
(figuratively) Injustice, wrong.

violent /ˈvaɪ.lənt/ /ˈvaɪ.ə.lənt/ more violent most violent violenter violentest adj
aintréan anfhorlannach
foréigneach
Involving extreme force or motion.
Involving physical conflict.
foréigneach borb
Likely to use physical force.
scéiniúil
Intensely vivid.

violet /ˈvaɪlət/ /ˈvaɪələt/ violeter violetest adj
corcairghorm sailchuachach
Of a violet colour.

violet /ˈvaɪlət/ /ˈvaɪələt/ violets n
corcairghorm
The color of most violets; the colour evoked by the shortest visible wavelengths between 380 and 435 nm, an additive tertiary colour.

violin /ˌvaɪ.oʊˈlin/ /ˌvaɪəˈlɪn/ [ˌwaʊˈlin] violins n
veidhlín fidil veidheal
A small unfretted stringed instrument with four strings tuned (lowest to highest) G-D-A-E, usually held against the chin and played with a bow.

violinist violinists n
veidhleadóir
A person who plays the violin.

violist /viˈoʊ.lɪst/ /viˈəʊ.lɪst/ violists n
vióladóir
A person who plays the viola.

violoncellist violoncellists n
dordveidhleadóir
a person who plays the violoncello

viper /ˈvaɪpɚ/ vipers n
nathair
A venomous snake in the family Viperidae.

virago /vɪˈɹɑːɡəʊ/ viragoes viragos n
ainscian mná báirseach maistín (mná) ropaire mná rálach stiúireachán mná
A woman who is rough, loud, and aggressive.

viral /ˈvaɪɹəl/ adj
víreasach
(virology) Of or relating to a biological virus.
(virology) Caused by a virus.

virgin /ˈvɜːd͡ʒɪn/ /ˈvɝd͡ʒɪn/ virgins n
maighdean
person who has not had sexual intercourse, animal that has never mated

virgin olive oil virgin olive oils n
ola olóige íon
An olive oil obtained from the first pressing of the olives.

virginal /ˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒɪnəl/ more virginal most virginal adj
maighdeanúil ógh
Being or resembling a virgin.

virginity /və(ɹ)ˈd͡ʒɪnɪti/ virginities n
maighdeanas ócht
The state or characteristic of being a virgin.

virile /ˈvɪɹ.əl/ /ˈvɪɹˌaɪl/ more virile most virile adj
fearga fearúil fireann mascalach
Manly; having characteristics associated with being male, such as strength; exhibiting masculine traits to an exaggerated degree such as strength, forcefulness or vigor.

virology /vaɪˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ virologies n
víreolaíocht
The branch of microbiology that deals with the study of viruses and viral diseases.

virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/ /ˈvɜːt͡ʃ(ʊ)l/ /ˈvɜːt͡ʃʊəl/ /ˈvɵːt͡ʃuəl/ /ˈvɵːt͡ʃəl/ [ˈvɵːt͡ʃɯ(l)] adj
fíorúil
(object-oriented programming) Of a class member: capable of being overridden with a different implementation in a subclass.
Simulated in a computer and/or online.

virtual reality virtual realities n
réaltacht fhíorúil
A computer technology that simulates a real or imagined environment so that the user can interact with it as if physically present.

virtue /-tjuː/ /ˈvɜː.t͡ʃuː/ /ˈvɝ.t͡ʃu/ virtues n
suáilce
A particular manifestation of moral excellence in a person; an admirable quality. [from 13th c.]

virtuosity /ˌvɜː(ɹ)tjuˈɒsɪti/ virtuosities n
rímháistreacht
The technical skills and fluent style of a virtuoso.

virtuousness virtuousnesses n
suáilceas
The state of being virtuous.

virus /ˈvaɪɹəs/ vira viri virii viruses virusses n
víreas
A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.
(uncountable) A quantity of such infectious agents
(informal, metonymically) A disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.
(computing) A type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data; also computer virus.

visa /ˈviː.sə/ /ˈviː.zə/ visas n
víosa
A permit to enter and leave a country, normally issued by the authorities of the country to be visited.

viscose /ˈvɪskəʊs/ viscoses n
vioscós
A fabric made from this material.

viscosity /vɪsˈkɑsɪti/ /vɪsˈkɒsɪti/ viscosities n
bealaitheacht glóthaí righneacht slaodacht
(uncountable) The state of being viscous.
righneas slaodacht
(countable, physics) A quantity expressing the magnitude of internal friction in a fluid, as measured by the force per unit area resisting uniform flow.

viscount /ˈvaɪkaʊnt/ viscountess viscounts n
bíocunta
A member of the peerage, above a baron but below a count or earl.

viscountess viscountesses n
bíocuntaois
The wife of a viscount.
A woman holding the rank of viscount in her own right.

vise /vaɪs/ vises n
bís
(US) An instrument consisting of two jaws, closing by a screw, lever, cam, or the like, for holding work, as in filing.

visibility /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ /ˌvɪz.ɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ visibilities n
feiceáil infheictheacht léargas
(countable) The degree to which things may be seen.

visible /ˈvɪzəb(ə)l/ more visible most visible adj
feicseanach infheicthe le feiceáil sofheicthe
Able to be seen.

vision statement vision statements n
físráiteas
(business, management) A form of mission statement, issued by a company or organization, in which its intentions for the future are stated.

visionary /ˈvɪʒn̩(ə)ɹi/ /ˈvɪʒəˌnɛɹi/ more visionary most visionary adj
aislingeach
Having vision or foresight.
Imaginary or illusory.
Prophetic or revelatory.
Idealistic or utopian.

visionary /ˈvɪʒn̩(ə)ɹi/ /ˈvɪʒəˌnɛɹi/ visionaries n
aislingeach
Someone who has visions; a seer.
An impractical dreamer.

visit /ˈvɪzɪt/ v
ar cuairt
(transitive) To habitually go to (someone in distress, sickness etc.) to comfort them. (Now generally merged into later senses, below.) [from 13th c.]

visiting team visiting teams n
foireann ar cuairt foireann chuairte
(sports) The team in a sport that has traveled out of its home area to play, as opposed to the home team.

visual binary visual binaries n
déréalta infheicthe
(star) A binary star whose components can be visually resolved.

vital force vital forces n
beathfhórsa fórsa beathúil fórsa na beatha
A hypothetical force that is the causative agent for the development of life

vitality /vaɪˈtæləti/ /vaɪˈtælɪti/ /vɪ-/ vitalities n
anamúlacht beogacht
Energy or vigour.

vitamin /ˈvaɪ.tə.mɪn/ /ˈvɑet.ə.mən/ /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/ [ˈvʌɪ.ɾə.mɪn] vitamins n
vitimín
Any of a specific group of organic compounds essential in small quantities for healthy human growth, metabolism, development, and body function; found in minute amounts in plant and animal foods or sometimes produced synthetically; deficiencies of specific vitamins produce specific disorders.

vitamin B complex n
coimpléacs vitimín B
A group of water-soluble vitamins, once thought to be a single vitamin, occurring in yeast, liver, eggs etc.

viticulture /ˈvɪdəˌkəltʃər/ /ˈvɪtɪˌkʌltʃə/ viticultures n
fíonsaothrú
The agricultural practice of growing vines, particularly grape vines.

vitreous /ˈvɪ.tɹi.əs/ more vitreous most vitreous adj
gloineach
Of or resembling glass; glassy.

vitreous humour vitreous humours n
lionn gloiní
(ophthalmology, British, Canada) The clear gel that fills the eyeball between the lens and the retina.

vitrification /ˈvɪ.tɹɪ.fɪˌkeɪ.ʃən/ vitrifications n
gloiniú

vitrify /ˈvɪt.ɹɪˌfaɪ/ v
gloinigh
(transitive) To convert into glass or a glass-like substance by heat and fusion.
(intransitive) To be converted into glass, especially through heat.

vitriol /ˈvɪtɹiɑl/ /ˈvɪtɹiɒl/ /ˈvɪtɹiəl/ vitriols n
vitrial
(dated) Any of various metal sulphates.

vituperate /-ɹeɪt/ /-ˈtʃuː-/ /-ˌɹeɪt/ /vaɪ-/ /vəˈt(j)upəɹət/ /vəˈt(j)upəˌɹeɪt/ /vɪˈtjuːpəɹeɪt/ /vɪˈtjuːpəɹət/ v
aithisigh feann scall

vituperation /v(a)ɪˌt(j)upəˈɹeɪʃən/ /v(a)ɪˌtjuːpəˈɹeɪʃən/ vituperations n
aithisiú scalladóireacht spídiúchán
Criticism or invective that is sustained and overly harsh; abuse, severe blame or censure.

vituperative /vaɪˈtjuːpɹətɪv/ /vaɪˈtuːpɚətɪv/ /vɪˈtjuːpɹətɪv/ /vɪˈtuːpɚətɪv/ more vituperative most vituperative adj
aithiseach scallóideach spídiúil
Marked by harsh abuse; abusive, often with ranting or railing.

vivacious /vaɪˈveɪʃəs/ /vɪˈveɪʃəs/ more vivacious most vivacious adj
móraigeanta
Lively and animated; full of life and energy.

vivacity /vɪˈvæsɪti/ vivacities n
móraigeantacht
The quality or state of being vivacious.

vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/ more vivid most vivid vivider vividest adj
beoga glé gléineach
(of perception) Clear, detailed or powerful.
glé gléineach
(of an image) Bright, intense or colourful.

viviparity n
beobhreitheacht
The condition of being viviparous.

vixen /ˈvɪk.sən/ vixens n
sionnach baineann
A female fox.

vizier /vɪˈzɪə/ /vɪˈzɪɹ/ /ˈvɪzɪə/ viziers n
visír
(history) A high-ranking official or minister in an Islamic government, especially in the Ottoman Empire.

vocabulary /voʊˈkæbjəlɛɹi/ /vəʊˈkabjʊləɹɪ/ /vəˈkabjʊləɹɪ/ /vəˈkæbjəlɛɹi/ vocabularies n
foclóirín
A usually alphabetized and explained collection of words e.g. of a particular field, or prepared for a specific purpose, often for learning.
The words of a language collectively; lexis.
(by extension) A range of artistic or stylistic forms or techniques.

vocal /ˈvoʊ.kəl/ /ˈvəʊ.kəl/ more vocal most vocal adj
gutha
(phonetics) Consisting of, or characterized by, voice, or tone produced in the larynx, which may be modified, either by resonance, as in the case of the vowels, or by obstructive action, as in certain consonants, such as v, l, etc., or by both, as in the nasals m, n, ng.

vocal cords n
téada an ghutha
(chiefly, in the plural) Two folds of tissue located in the larynx that vibrate when air passes over them, producing the sound waves associated with talking and singing.

vocalist /ˈvoʊkəlɪst/ vocalists n
amhránaí
A singer; a person who likes to sing.

vocational adj
gairmiúil
Of or pertaining to a vocation.

vocational school vocational schools n
gairmscoil
A school that provides training in specific skills required for different industries.

vocative /ˈvoʊkətɪv/ /ˈvɑkətɪv/ /ˈvɒkətɪv/ more vocative most vocative adj
gairmeach
(grammar) Used in address; appellative (said of that case or form of the noun, pronoun, or adjective, in which a person or thing is addressed). For example "Domine, O Lord"

vocative case vocative cases n
gairmeach tuiseal gairmeach
(grammar) case of address, case used for a noun identifying the person or thing being addressed. It corresponds to the archaic English particle "O" as used in solemn or poetic address e.g.: Hear me, O Albion! Languages that regularly employ the vocative include Arabic, Bengali, Bulgarian, Czech, Georgian, Greek, Hawaiian, Hindi-Urdu, Irish, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Ojibwe, Polish, Romanian, Ruthenian/Rusyn, Sanskrit, Scottish Gaelic, Serbo-Croatian, Slovak, Tamil and Ukrainian.

vociferous /voʊˈsɪfəɹəs/ /vəʊˈsɪfəɹəs/ more vociferous most vociferous adj
ardghlórach
Making or characterized by a noisy outcry; clamorous.

vodka /ˈvɑdkə/ /ˈvɒdkə/ vodkas n
vodca
A clear distilled alcoholic liquor made from grain mash.

voice /vɔɪs/ voices n
guth
Sound uttered by the mouth, especially by human beings in speech or song; sound thus uttered considered as possessing some special quality or character
faí glórú
(grammar) A particular way of inflecting or conjugating verbs, or a particular form of a verb, by means of which is indicated the relation of the subject of the verb to the action which the verb expresses.

voice /vɔɪs/ v
cuir in iúl nocht
(transitive) To give utterance or expression to; to utter; to publish; to announce

voice actor voice actors voice actress n
aisteoir guth
An actor who provides voices or voice-overs for radio drama, animations, commercials, dubbed films, games, etc.

voiced /vɔɪst/ adj
glórach
(phonetics) Sounded with vibration of the vocal cords. For example, the phone [z] is voiced, while [s] is unvoiced.

voiceless /ˈvɔɪsləs/ adj
neamhghlórach
(phonetics, of a consonant or vowel) Spoken without vibration of the vocal cords; unvoiced, surd, breathed. Examples: [t], [s], [f], [m̥], [u̥].

voicemail voicemails n
glórphost
(countable, by extension) An individual message on such a system.

void /vɔɪd/ v
neamhnigh
(transitive, obsolete) To remove the contents of; to make or leave vacant or empty; to quit; to leave.

vol-au-vent /vɒl.əˈvɒnt/ /ˌvɒl.oˈvɑ̃/ vol-au-vent vol-au-vents vols-au-vent n
puthphióg vol-au-vent
A small circular piece of puff pastry with a hole for various fillings, such as mushrooms, prawns, fruit, cheese, etc.

volatile /ˈvɑ.lə.təl/ /ˈvɒl.əˌtaɪ.(ə)l/ [ˈvɑ.lə.tl̩] [ˈvɑ.lə.ɾɫ̩] more volatile most volatile adj
luaineach
(physics) Evaporating or vaporizing readily under normal conditions.

volatility /ˌvɑ.ləˈtɪl.ə.ti/ /ˌvɒl.əˈtɪl.ə.ti/ /ˌvɔl.əˈtɪl.ə.ti/ [ˌvɑ.ləˈtɪl.ə.ɾi] [ˌvɔl.əˈtɪl.ə.ɾi] volatilities n
luaineacht
The state of being volatile.

volcanic /vɑlˈkænɪk/ /vɒlˈkænɪk/ /vɔlˈkænɪk/ adj
bolcánach
Of or pertaining to a volcano or volcanoes
Produced by a volcano, or, more generally, by igneous agencies
Changed or affected by the heat of a volcano.

volcanic ash volcanic ashes n
luaithreamhán bolcánach
(geology) Fragments of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass created during a volcanic eruption.

volcanism volcanisms n
bolcánachas bolcánacht
(volcanology) Any of the natural phenomena and processes associated with the action of volcanos, geysers and fumaroles

volcano /vɑl.ˈkeɪ.noʊ/ /vɒl.ˈkeɪ.nəʊ/ /vɒl.ˈkɑː.nəʊ/ /vɔl.ˈkeɪ.noʊ/ volcanoes volcanos n
bolcán
A vent or fissure on the surface of a planet (usually in a mountainous form) with a magma chamber attached to the mantle of a planet or moon, periodically erupting forth lava and volcanic gases onto the surface.

volcanology /ˌvɒl.kə.ˈnɒ.lə.dʒi/ n
bolcáneolaíocht
The study of volcanoes.

vole /ˈvəʊl/ voles n
vól
Any of a large number of species of small rodents of the subfamily Arvicolinae of the family Cricetidae which are not lemmings or muskrats.

volley /ˈvɑli/ /ˈvɒli/ volleys n
rois rúisc
The simultaneous firing of a number of missiles or bullets; the projectiles so fired.
rois
A burst or emission of many things at once.

volleyball /ˈvɒlibɔ(ː)l/ volleyballs n
eitpheil
(uncountable) A game played on a rectangular court between two teams of two to six players which involves striking a ball back and forth over a net.
(countable) The inflated ball used in such a game.

volt /voʊlt/ /vɒlt/ /vəʊlt/ volts n
volta
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical potential and electromotive force (voltage); the potential difference across a conductor when a current of one ampere uses one watt of power. Symbol: V

voltaic /vɒlˈteɪ.ɪk/ more voltaic most voltaic adj
voltach
of or relating to electricity.
producing electricity by chemical action.

voltmeter /ˈvoʊltˌmitɚ/ voltmeters n
voltmhéadar
An instrument for measuring electric potential in volts.

volume /ˈvɑl.jum/ /ˈvɑl.jəm/ /ˈvɒl.juːm/ /ˈvɒl.jʊm/ /ˈvɒlɪu̯m/ volumes n
imleabhar
The issues of a periodical over a period of one year.
A single book of a publication issued in multi-book format, such as an encyclopedia.

volumetric analysis volumetric analyses n
anailís thoirtomhaiseach
(analytical chemistry) Any of various analytical methods and techniques in which the amount of a substance in a sample is determined by measuring the volume of a liquid or gas; especially any method using titration.

voluminous /vəˈl(j)uː.mɪ.nəs/ /vəˈlu.mə.nəs/ more voluminous most voluminous adj
il-leabhrach
Having written much, or produced many volumes

volunteer /-ˈtɪɚ/ /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/ /ˌvɒl(ə)nˈtɪə/ volunteers n
óglach
(military) One who enters into military service voluntarily (but who, when in service, is subject to discipline and regulations like other soldiers), as opposed to a conscript.

voluptuous /vəˈlʌp.t͡ʃu.əs/ more voluptuous most voluptuous adj
macnasach miangasach teaspúil
Characterized or marked by full, generous, pleasurable sensation.
cuarúil
(of a woman) Curvaceous and sexually attractive.

vomer bone vomer bones n
vómar
(anatomy) The small thin bone that forms part of the septum between the nostrils.

vomit /ˈvɑmɪt/ /ˈvɒmɪt/ vomits n
aiseag bréitse cur múisc orla sceathrach
The regurgitated former contents of a stomach; vomitus.
orla sceathrach taoisceáil tonntaoscadh urlacan
The act of vomiting.

vomit /ˈvɑmɪt/ /ˈvɒmɪt/ v
urlaic aisig bréitseáil caith aníos caith suas cuir aníos
(intransitive) To regurgitate or eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth; puke.

vomiting vomitings n
orla urlacan
(bacteria) The act of one who vomits, or the matter that is vomited.

voracious /vɔːˈɹeɪ.ʃəs/ /vəˈɹeɪ.ʃəs/ more voracious most voracious adj
airceach alpach cíocrach gionach
(of a person or their appetite) Wanting or devouring great quantities of food.
cíocrach
Having a great appetite for anything; eager.

voracity voracities n
airc ampla gionach
the state of being voracious; rapacity or extreme gluttony

votary /ˈvoʊdəri/ /ˈvəʊt(ə)ri/ /ˈvəʊtəri/ votaries n
dílseánach díograiseoir móideach
A person, such as a monk or nun, who lives a religious life according to vows they have made.
A devotee of a particular religion or cult.
A devout or zealous worshipper.
dílseánach díograiseoir
(by extension) Someone who is devoted to a particular pursuit etc.
A loyal supporter or devoted admirer of a person or institution.

vote /voʊt/ /vəʊt/ votes n
vóta
a formalized choice on legally relevant measures such as employment or appointment to office or a proceeding about a legal dispute.
vótáil
an act or instance of participating in such a choice, e.g., by submitting a ballot

vote /voʊt/ /vəʊt/ v
vótáil
(intransitive) To cast a vote; to assert a formalized choice in an election.

vote of confidence votes of confidence n
vóta muiníne
A motion proposed in a parliament or other assembly to give members the chance to express their confidence in a government; sometimes proposed by a government to counter a vote of no confidence proposed by the opposition; defeat would lead to the resignation of the government.

voter /ˈvoʊtɚ/ /ˈvəʊtə(ɹ)/ voters n
vóitéir vótaeir vótálaí vótóir
Someone who votes.

voting booth voting booths n
stáisiún vótála
(US) A small enclosed compartment where a voter may register a vote in private; it may house some voting machine, or just have a pencil for marking a voting slip.

vowel /vaʊl/ /ˈvaʊ.əl/ vowels n
guta
(phonetics) A sound produced by the vocal cords with relatively little restriction of the oral cavity, forming the prominent sound of a syllable.
(orthography) A letter representing the sound of a vowel; in English, the vowels are a, e, i, o, u, y.

vulnerability /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/ /ˌvʌn(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/ vulnerabilities n
leochaileacht
(uncountable) The state of being vulnerable; susceptibility to attack or injury, either physical or emotional; the state or condition of being weak or poorly defended.

vulnerable /ˈvʌln(ə)ɹəbl̩/ /ˈvʌn(ə)ɹəbl̩/ more vulnerable most vulnerable adj
soghonta
More or most likely to be exposed to the chance of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally.

vulture /ˈvʌltʃə/ /ˈvʌlt͡ʃɚ/ vultures n
bultúr badhbh amach garrfhiach
Any of several carrion-eating birds of the families Accipitridae and Cathartidae.

vulva /ˈvʌlvə/ vulvae vulvas vulvæ n
pit
(anatomy) The external female sexual organs of humans and other mammals, which includes the clitoris, labia, and vulval vestibule.

waffle /ˈwɑ.fl̩/ /ˈwɒf.l̩/ /ˈwɔf.l̩/ [wɒf.ɫ̩] [ˈwɑ.fɫ̩] [ˈwɔf.ɫ̩] waffles n
vaiféal
(countable) A flat pastry pressed with a grid pattern, often eaten hot with butter and/or honey or syrup.

wag /wæɡ/ v
croith luasc
To swing from side to side, as an animal's tail, or someone's head, to express disagreement or disbelief.

wage earner wage earners n
fear tuillimh
Someone who works for wages, especially if that wage supports a household.

wagon /ˈwæɡ(ə)n/ /ˈwæɡən/ /ˈwæːɡən/ wagons n
féan vaigín
Short for dinner wagon (“set of light shelves mounted on castors so that it can be pushed around a dining room and used for serving”).
(slang) Short for paddy wagon (“police van for transporting prisoners”).

wagonette wagonettes n
vaigínéad
A kind of four-wheeled horse-drawn carriage, normally uncovered.

wagtail wagtails n
glasóg
Any of various small passerine birds, principally of genus Motacilla, of the Old World, notable for their long tails.

wain /weɪn/ wains n
féan vaigín
(archaic, or, literary) A wagon; a four-wheeled cart for hauling loads, usually pulled by horses or oxen.

wainscot /ˈweɪnskɒt/ /ˈweɪnskət/ /ˈwɛnskət/ wainscots n
vuinsciú
(architecture) An area of wooden (especially oaken) panelling on the lower part of a room’s walls.

waistband /ˈweɪstˌbænd/ [ˈweɪst.ˌbænd] waistbands n
banda coime
A band of fabric encircling the waist, especially a part of a pair of pants or a skirt.

waistcoat /ˈweɪs(t)kəʊt/ /ˈwɛskət/ waistcoats n
vástchóta bástcóta veist
(chiefly, British) A sleeveless, collarless garment worn over a shirt and under a suit jacket.

wait /weɪt/ [weɪ̯ʔt] v
fan fuirigh
(intransitive) To delay movement or action until some event or time; to remain neglected or in readiness.

waiter /ˈweɪtə/ /ˈweɪtɚ/ waiters waitress n
freastalaí friothalaí
A male or female attendant who serves customers at their tables in a restaurant, café or similar.

waiting /ˈweɪtɪŋ/ [ˈweɪ̯ɾɪŋ] waitings n
fanacht
The act of staying or remaining in expectation.

waiting room waiting rooms n
seomra feithimh
A room in some public place for people to wait.

waitress /ˈweɪtɹəs/ waiter waitresses n
banfhreastalaí cailín freastail
A female attendant who serves customers in a restaurant, café, or similar.

wake /weɪk/ /weːk/ wakes n
faire tórramh
A period after a person's death before or after the body is buried, cremated, etc.; in some cultures accompanied by a party and/or collectively sorting through the deceased's personal effects.

wake /weɪk/ /weːk/ v
dúisigh
(transitive) (often followed by up) To make somebody stop sleeping; to rouse from sleep.

wake up /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ [ˌweɪˈkʌp] v
dúisigh múscail
(intransitive) To stop sleeping; to awake.
(intransitive) To become more aware of a real-life situation; to concentrate on the matter in hand.
dúisigh
(transitive) To awaken somebody.

wale /ˈweɪl/ [ˈweɪɫ] wales n
fústa
A raised rib in knitted goods or fabric, especially corduroy.

walk /woːk/ /wɑk/ /wɔk/ /wɔːk/ walks n
siúl
A trip made by walking.
A manner of walking; a person's style of walking.
siúlán
A path, sidewalk/pavement or other maintained place on which to walk.

walk /woːk/ /wɑk/ /wɔk/ /wɔːk/ v
siúil
(intransitive) To move on the feet by alternately setting each foot (or pair or group of feet, in the case of animals with four or more feet) forward, with at least one foot on the ground at all times. Compare run.
(transitive) To travel (a distance) by walking.

walk-on walk-ons n
aisteoir breise aisteoir mionpháirteanna
An actor of a small (or "bit") part in a theatrical production or film, often without speaking lines.

walker /ˈwɑkɚ/ /ˈwɔkɚ/ /ˈwɔːkə/ walkers n
válcaeir
The agent noun of to walk: a person who walks or a thing which walks, especially a pedestrian or a participant in a walking race.

walking frame walking frames n
siúladán
A framework device used to support either an infant learning to walk or a person with walking difficulties.

walking stick walking sticks n
bata siúil maide siúil
A tool, such as a cane, used to ease pressure on the legs, and to aid stability, when walking.

walkway /ˈwɑkˌweɪ/ /ˈwɔkˌweɪ/ /ˈwɔːkˌweɪ/ walkways n
siúlbhealach siúlán
A clearly defined path for pedestrians.

wall /wɑl/ /wɔl/ /wɔːl/ walls n
balla múr
A rampart of earth, stones etc. built up for defensive purposes.
A structure built for defense surrounding a city, castle etc.
balla
Each of the substantial structures acting either as the exterior of or divisions within a structure.
(anatomy, zoology, botany) A dividing or containing structure in an organ or cavity.
donnóg an bhalla
The butterfly Lasiommata megera.
fál
(often, in combination) A barrier.

wall /wɑl/ /wɔl/ /wɔːl/ v
balla claí múr
To enclose with, or as if with, a wall or walls.

wallaby /ˈwɑləbi/ /ˈwɒləbi/ wallabies n
valbaí
Any of several species of marsupial; usually smaller and stockier than kangaroos.

wallaroo /ˌwɑləˈɹu/ /ˌwɒləˈɹuː/ wallaroos n
valarú
Any of three closely related species of moderately large macropods, intermediate in size between the kangaroos and the wallabies.

wallboard wallboards n
ballachlár
A construction material of pre-made boards used for walls and ceilings, usually a gypsum core with a paper surface.

wallet /ˈwɑlət/ /ˈwɒlɪt/ /ˈwɔlət/ wallets n
vallait sparán
(US, UK) A small case, often flat and often made of leather, for keeping money (especially paper money), credit cards, etc.

walleye walleye walleyes n
glórshúil
(plural "walleye" or "walleyes") A species of gamefish, Sander vitreus, native to the Northern U.S. and Canada with pale, reflective eyes.

wallflower /ˈwɑl.ˌflaʊ.ɚ/ /ˈwɔl.ˌflaʊ.ɚ/ /ˈwɔːl.ˌflaʊ.ə/ wallflowers n
lus an bhalla
Any of several short-lived herbs or shrubs of the Erysimum genus with bright yellow to red flowers.

wallow /ˈwɒ.ləʊ/ v
bí ag únfairt
To roll oneself about in something dirty, for example in mud.
To move lazily or heavily in any medium.

wallpaper wallpapers n
páipéar balla
(uncountable) Decorative paper-like material used to cover the inner walls of buildings.
(computing, countable, uncountable) An image or tiled pattern used as the background of a computer desktop.

walls have ears proverb
bíonn cluasa ar an gcoill bíonn cluasa ar na claíocha
There is always a risk of being overheard, so one should be careful about what one says.

walnut /ˈwɑlnət/ /ˈwɑlˌnʌt/ /ˈwɔlnət/ /ˈwɔlˌnʌt/ /ˈwɔːlnʌt/ walnuts n
crann gallchnó
A hardwood tree of the genus Juglans.
gallchnó cnó francach cnó gallda
A nut of the walnut tree.
adhmad gallchnó crann gallchnó
Wood of the walnut tree.

walrus /ˈwɑl.ɹəs/ /ˈwɒl.ɹəs/ /ˈwɔl.ɹəs/ /ˈwɔːl.ɹəs/ walri walrii walrus walruses walrusses n
rosualt
A large Arctic marine mammal related to seals and having long tusks, tough, wrinkled skin, and four flippers, Odobenus rosmarus.

walrus moustache walrus moustaches n
croiméal róin
a moustache that resembles the whiskers of a walrus in being thick and bushy and drooping over the mouth

waltz /wɑlts/ /wɒlts/ /wɔlts/ /wɔːlts/ waltzes n
válsa
A ballroom dance in 3/4 time.

waltz /wɑlts/ /wɒlts/ /wɔlts/ /wɔːlts/ v
válsáil
(intransitive, transitive) To dance the waltz (with).

waltzing waltzings n
válsáil
the motion of one who waltzes.

wampum /ˈwɑmpəm/ /ˈwɒmpəm/ wampum wampums n
vampam
(uncountable) Small cylindrical beads made from polished shells (especially white ones) which have been strung together, formerly used by Native American peoples of eastern North America for various purposes including as jewellery and money, and for record-keeping; (countable, archaic) one such bead.

wanderer /ˈwɑndəɹɚ/ /ˈwɒndəɹə/ wanderers n
rianaí
One who wanders, who travels aimlessly.

wandering /ˈwɑndəɹɪŋ/ /ˈwɒndəɹɪŋ/ wanderings n
fán fánaíocht
Travelling without preset route; roaming.
seachrán
Straying from a desired path.

wane /weɪn/ v
téigh ar gcúl
(intransitive, astronomy) Said of the Moon as it passes through the phases of its monthly cycle where its surface is less and less visible.

want /wɐnt/ /wɑnt/ /wɒnt/ /wɔnt/ /wʌnt/ wants n
ar an gcaolchuid díothacht
(uncountable) Poverty.

want /wɐnt/ /wɑnt/ /wɒnt/ /wɔnt/ /wʌnt/ v
iarr
(intransitive) To desire (to experience desire); to wish.

wanting /ˈwɑntɪŋ/ /ˈwɒntɪŋ/ more wanting most wanting adj
díothach easpach uireasach
Absent or lacking.

wanton /ˈwɑntən/ /ˈwɒntɒn/ /ˈwɒntən/ more wanton most wanton adj
macnasach teaspúil
Lewd, immoral; sexually open, unchaste.

wapiti /ˈwɑpɪti/ wapiti wapitis n
vaipití
(US, Canada) The American elk (Cervus canadensis). It was formerly considered to be in the same species as the European red deer, which it somewhat exceeds in size.

war /wɑɹ/ /wɔɹ/ /wɔː/ wars n
cogadh
(uncountable) Organized, large-scale, armed conflict between countries or between national, ethnic, or other sizeable groups, usually but not always involving active engagement of military forces.
(crime) A prolonged conflict between two groups of organized criminals, usually over organizational or territorial control.
(uncountable, card games) Any of a family of card games where all cards are dealt at the beginning of play and players attempt to capture them all, typically involving no skill and only serving to kill time.

war crime /ˈwɔɹ ˌkɹaɪm/ /ˈwɔː kɹaɪm/ war crimes n
coir chogaidh
(criminal law, international law) A punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian.

war cry war cries n
rosc catha
An exclamation intended to rally soldiers in battle; a battle cry.

war machine /ˈwoɹ məˌʃin/ /ˈwɔː məˌʃiːn/ /ˈwɔːɹ məˌʃiːn/ war machines n
gluaiseacht chogaíochta
The military resources of a belligerent country considered as a whole.

war memorial war memorials n
cuimhneachán cogaidh
A monument to commemorate the people who were killed in a particular war

ward /wɔɹd/ /wɔːd/ wards n
aireagal barda barda ospidéil
A part of a hospital, with beds, where patients reside.
barda barda cathrach
An administrative division of a borough, city or council.
coimircí
A person under guardianship.

warden /ˈwɔɹdən/ /ˈwɔːdən/ wardens n
bardach
A chief administrative officer of a prison.
maor
An official charged with supervisory duties or with the enforcement of specific laws or regulations; such as a game warden or air-raid warden.

warder warders n
bairdéir
A guard, especially in a prison.

wardress /ˈwɔɹdɹɪs/ /ˈwɔːdɹɪs/ wardresses n
banbhairdéir
A female warder.

wardrobe /ˈwɔɹdɹoʊb/ /ˈwɔːdɹəʊb/ wardrobes n
feisteas
(figuratively) The department of a theater, movie studio, etc which purchases, keeps, and cares for costumes; its staff; its room(s) or building(s).
The contents of a wardrobe: an individual's entire collection of clothing.
vardrús
A movable cupboard or cabinet designed for storing clothes, particularly as a large piece of bedroom furniture.

warlike /ˈwɔɹlaɪk/ /ˈwɔːlaɪk/ more warlike most warlike adj
fearchonta gaisciúil tachrach treasach trodach
Hostile and belligerent.
anghlonnach badhbha cathach cathartha cogúil draganta
Martial, bellicose or militaristic.

warlock /ˈwɔɹ.lɑk/ /ˈwɔː.lɒk/ warlocks n
fiaghruagach
A male magic-user; a male witch.

warlord /ˈwɔɹlɔɹd/ /ˈwɔːlɔːd/ warlords n
taoiseach cogaidh
A high military officer in a warlike nation.
A local ruler or bandit leader usually where the government is weak.

warm /wɔɹm/ /wɔːm/ warmer warmest adj
te
Of a somewhat high temperature.

warm front warm fronts n
fronta te
(meteorology) The trailing edge of a retreating mass of cold air.

warm-up warm-ups n
réamhaclaíocht
The act of exercising or stretching in preparation for strenuous activity
A period of time allocated for performing warm-ups.

warn /wɔɹn/ /wɔːn/ v
fainic a chur ar fógra a thabhairt do
(transitive) To make (someone) aware of (something impending); especially:
(transitive) To make (someone) aware of impending danger, evil, etc. [from 11th c.]

warning /ˈwɔɹnɪŋ/ /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ warnings n
fógra
Something spoken or written that is intended to warn.

warp /woːp/ /wɔɹp/ /wɔːp/ warps n
deilbh dlúth
(weaving) The threads that run lengthwise in a woven fabric; crossed by the woof or weft.

warped more warped most warped adj
anchumtha
Distorted by warping; twisted out of shape

warrant /ˈwɑɹənt/ /ˈwɒɹənt/ /ˈwɔɹənt/ warrants n
údarás
Authorization or certification; a sanction, as given by a superior.
bannaí urra
(countable) Something that provides assurance or confirmation; a guarantee or proof.
barántas
(countable) An order that serves as authorization; especially a voucher authorizing payment or receipt of money.
(finance, countable) An option, usually issued together with another security and with a term at issue greater than a year, to buy other securities of the issuer.
(law, countable) A judicial writ authorizing an officer to make a search, seizure, or arrest, or to execute a judgment.

warrant officer warrant officers n
oifigeach barántais
(military) An officer holding rank by virtue of a warrant rather than a commission.

warranty /ˈwɑɹ.ən.ti/ /ˈwɒ.ɹən.ti/ /ˈwɔɹ.ən.ti/ warranties n
baránta barántas
urra
(countable) A guarantee that a certain outcome or obligation will be fulfilled; security.

warren /ˈwɒɹən/ /ˈwɔɹən/ warrens n
coinicéar
The system of burrows where rabbits live.

warrener /ˈwɑɹənɚ/ /ˈwɒɹənə/ /ˈwɔɹənɚ/ warreners n
maor coinicéir

warrior /ˈwɑɹ.i.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɑɹjə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɒɹ.i.ə/ /ˈwɔɹ.i.ɚ/ /ˈwɔɹjɚ/ warriors n
gaiscíoch laoch
A person who is actively engaged in battle, conflict or warfare; a soldier or combatant.

wart /wɔɹt/ /wɔːt/ warts n
faithne
(pathology) A type of deformed growth occurring on the skin caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).

warthog /-hɑɡ/ /ˈwɔɹtˌhɔɡ/ /ˈwɔːtˌhɒɡ/ warthogs n
torc na bhfaithní
(zoology) A wild pig of the genus Phacochoerus, native to Africa.

warty more warty most warty wartier wartiest adj
faithneach gartach
Having warts.
faithneach
Similar to a wart.

wary /ˈwɛə.ɹi/ /ˈwɛɚ.i/ warier wariest adj
airdeallach braiteach faichilleach
Cautious of danger; carefully watching and guarding against deception, trickery, and dangers; suspiciously prudent

wash /wæʃ/ /wɑʃ/ /wɒʃ/ /wɔɹʃ/ /wɔʃ/ washes n
anallas
In distilling, the fermented wort before the spirit is extracted.

wash /wæʃ/ /wɑʃ/ /wɒʃ/ /wɔɹʃ/ /wɔʃ/ v
nigh
To clean with water.
(intransitive) To clean oneself with water.
(transitive) To cover with water or any liquid; to wet; to fall on and moisten.

wash up v
anspülen
(intransitive) To be carried by water to land.

washable more washable most washable adj
in-nite
Capable of being washed without being damaged; especially by a specified method, for example machine-washable.

washbasin washbasins n
báisín níocháin
A basin used for washing, (now) particularly a permanently installed sink, fitted with a water supply and a drain, for washing the hands and face.

washer /ˈwɑʃɚ/ /ˈwɒʃə(ɹ)/ washers n
inneall níocháin meaisín níocháin
Something that washes; especially an appliance such as a washing machine or dishwasher.
leicneán
A flat annulus, placed beneath a nut or at some joint, to distribute pressure, alleviate friction, provide directionally differentiated friction (e.g. making the nut turn counter-clockwise only with difficulty), or prevent leakage.
niteoir
A person who washes (especially clothes) for a living; a washerman or washerwoman.

washerwoman washerwomen n
bean níocháin caile daibhche
A woman who washes people's laundry.

washing /ˈwɑʃ.ɪŋ/ /ˈwɒʃ.ɪŋ/ /ˈwɔʃ.ɪŋ/ washings n
ní níochán
(countable) The action of the verb to wash
níochán
(uncountable, chiefly, British, NZ, Australia) Clothing, bedlinen or soft furnishings that have been, are currently being, or are to be washed; laundry.

washing machine washing machines n
meaisín níocháin inneall níocháin
A machine, usually automatic, that washes clothes, etc.

washtub washtubs n
leastar tobán níocháin
A tub used for washing clothes.

wasp /waps/ /wæsp/ /wɑsp/ /wɒsp/ wasps n
foiche beach chapaill beach ghabhair
Any of many types of stinging flying insect resembling a hornet.

waste /weɪst/ wastes n
dríodar
Excess of material, useless by-products, or damaged, unsaleable products; garbage; rubbish.
vásta
The action or progress of wasting; extravagant consumption or ineffectual use.

waste /weɪst/ v
meath meil
(transitive) To wear away by degrees; to impair gradually; to deteriorate; to diminish by constant loss; to use up; to consume; to spend; to wear out.

waste of time wastes of time n
cailleadh aimsire
A pointless or unproductive task.

waste pipe waste pipes n
píopa fuíll
a pipe that carries off liquid waste; a drain or drainpipe

wasteful /ˈweɪstfəl/ more wasteful most wasteful adj
caifeach caiteach diomailteach drabhlásach scabáistiúil vástúil
Inclined to waste or squander money or resources.

wasteland /ˈweɪs(t)ˌland/ /ˈweɪs(t)ˌlænd/ /ˈweɪs(t)ˌlənd/ /ˈwæes(t)ˌlɘnd/ /ˈwæes(t)ˌlɛnd/ wastelands n
fásach
A place with no remaining resources; a desert.

wastepaper wastepapers n
dramhpháipéar
unwanted paper that has been discarded

wastepaper basket wastepaper baskets n
ciseán páipéir
A small open container for discarded paper etc; a wastebasket.

watch /ˈwɑt͡ʃ/ /ˈwɒt͡ʃ/ /ˈwɔt͡ʃ/ watches n
cathais
uaireadóir
A portable or wearable timepiece.
faire
The act of guarding and observing someone or something.
The act of seeing, or viewing, for a period of time.

watch /ˈwɑt͡ʃ/ /ˈwɒt͡ʃ/ /ˈwɔt͡ʃ/ v
fair
(ambitransitive) To look at, see, or view for a period of time.
(transitive) To attend to dangers to or regarding.

watch over v
aireachasaigh
(idiomatic) To guard and protect.

watch pocket watch pockets n
póca uaireadóra
A small pocket in the waistband of men's trousers or in other garments for carrying a pocket watch.

watchful /ˈwɒt͡ʃ.fəl/ /ˈwɔt͡ʃ.fəl/ more watchful most watchful adj
airdeallach cathaiseach
Fully observant, vigilant, or aware.

watchman watchmen n
seiceadóir
One set to watch; a person who keeps guard, especially one who guards a building, or the streets of a city, by night.

watchtower watchtowers n
túr faire
An observation tower in which a lookout keeps watch over prisoners, or looks out for fires, etc.

water /ˈwoːtə/ /ˈwætə/ /ˈwɑtəɹ/ /ˈwɒtə/ /ˈwɒtəɹ/ /ˈwɔtə/ /ˈwɔtər/ /ˈwɔtəɹ/ /ˈwɔɹtəɹ/ /ˈwɔːtə/ /ˈwɔːtəɹ/ /ˈwʊtəɹ/ [wo̞ːtʰə] [wo̞ːʔə] [wɔːʔəɹ] [ˈwatə] [ˈwaɾɚ] [ˈwaːʈər(ɯ)] [ˈwoʊʔə] [ˈwoːtə] [ˈwoːɾə] [ˈwoːʔɐ] [ˈwoːʔə] [ˈwɑɾɚ] [ˈwɒːθ̠ɚ] [ˈwɔoɾɐ] [ˈwɔtər] [ˈwɔəɾə] [ˈwɔəɾɚ] [ˈwɔɹɾɚ] [ˈwɔɾɚ] [ˈwɔʈə(r)] [ˈwʊɾɚ] [ˈʋaːʈər(ɯ)] [ˈʋɔʈə(r)] waters n
uisce dobhar
(uncountable, in particular) The liquid form of this substance: liquid H2O.
(alchemy, philosophy) The aforementioned liquid, considered one of the Classical elements or basic elements of alchemy.

water /ˈwoːtə/ /ˈwætə/ /ˈwɑtəɹ/ /ˈwɒtə/ /ˈwɒtəɹ/ /ˈwɔtə/ /ˈwɔtər/ /ˈwɔtəɹ/ /ˈwɔɹtəɹ/ /ˈwɔːtə/ /ˈwɔːtəɹ/ /ˈwʊtəɹ/ [wo̞ːtʰə] [wo̞ːʔə] [wɔːʔəɹ] [ˈwatə] [ˈwaɾɚ] [ˈwaːʈər(ɯ)] [ˈwoʊʔə] [ˈwoːtə] [ˈwoːɾə] [ˈwoːʔɐ] [ˈwoːʔə] [ˈwɑɾɚ] [ˈwɒːθ̠ɚ] [ˈwɔoɾɐ] [ˈwɔtər] [ˈwɔəɾə] [ˈwɔəɾɚ] [ˈwɔɹɾɚ] [ˈwɔɾɚ] [ˈwɔʈə(r)] [ˈwʊɾɚ] [ˈʋaːʈər(ɯ)] [ˈʋɔʈə(r)] v
uiscigh
(transitive) To pour water into the soil surrounding (plants).

water bear water bears n
béar uisce
(zoology) A member of the animal phylum Tardigrada.

water beetle water beetles n
ciaróg uisce doirb
Any of various freshwater aquatic beetles that have a smooth oval body and flattened hind legs adapted for swimming, and that carry an air bubble underneath their abdomens.

water boatman water boatmen n
bádóir
Any of the various aquatic insects of the family Corixidae that have paddle-shaped hind legs used for swimming.

water buffalo /ˈwɑtɚˌbʌfəloʊ/ [ˈwɑɾɚˌbʌfəloʊ] water buffalo water buffaloes water buffalos n
buabhall uisce
A large ungulate, widely used as a domestic animal in Asia, South America. North Africa and Europe: Bubalus bubalis.

water chestnut water chestnuts n
castán uisce
(uncountable) Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis), grown for its edible corm, used in Asian cooking.

water cycle water cycles n
timthriall an uisce timthriall hidreolaíoch
The natural cycle of evaporation of water from the oceans etc, and subsequent condensation and precipitation as rain and snow

water dog water dogs n
uisceadóir
A retriever type of gun dog bred to flush and retrieve game from water.

water heater water heaters n
téitheoir uisce
An appliance for heating water above its ambient temperature, generally for domestic use.

water horsetail water horsetails n
eireaball capaill uisce scuab eich uisce
A plant in the taxonomic genus Equisetum (horsetails) (Equisetum fluviatile, syn. Equisetum limosum).

water level water levels n
leibhéal uisce
The level of a body of water, especially when measured above a datum line.

water lily water lilies n
bior-rós bual-lile duilleog bháite
Any of various members of the Nymphaeaceae family that are tuberous plants, rooted in soil with leaves (lily pads) and flowers floating on the water surface.

water line water lines n
líne shnámha
(shipbuilding) Any one of certain lines of a vessel, model, or plan, parallel with the surface of the water at various heights from the keel. In a half-breadth plan, the water lines are outward curves showing the horizontal form of the ship at their several heights; in a sheer plan, they are projected as straight horizontal lines.

water main water mains n
príomhphíobán uisce
The principal pipe, usually underground, for conveying water to residential and business properties.

water meadow water meadows n
inse
A low-lying area of grassland that by a river, which is subject to seasonal flooding.

water mint water mints n
mismín dearg
A herb in the mint family, Mentha aquatica.

water parsnip water parsnips n
meacan uisce
Any plant of the genus Sium, as the skirret.

water pipe water pipes n
píopa uisce
A pipe that is a conduit for water; an essential element of plumbing.

water plantain water plantains n
corrchopóg
Any of several plants, of the genus Alisma, that inhabit marshy places

water polo n
póló uisce
A water sport consisting of two teams of swimmers who have to throw the ball into the opponent's goal.

water ski v
sciáil ar uisce
(intransitive) To ride on water skis.

water strider water striders n
scinnire locháin
Any of a number of predatory insects in the family Gerridae, which rely on surface tension to walk on top of water.

water table water tables n
maoschlár uiscechlár
(geology) The level, underground, below which the ground is saturated with water.

water tower water towers n
túr uisce
A large tank of water, in an elevated position, acting as a local reservoir; water is pumped into the tank and fed by gravity to the consumers.

waterbuck waterbuck waterbucks n
poc uisce
A species of antelope endemic to Africa, Kobus ellipsiprymnus.

watercolour /ˈwɔ.tɜˌkʌ.lɜ/ watercolours n
dobharlí uiscedhath
(countable) A water-soluble pigment.
(countable) A painting made by using such pigment.

watercress /ˈwɔtəɹkɹɛs/ /ˈwɔːtəkɹɛs/ watercresses n
biolar
A perennial European herb, Nasturtium officinale, that grows in freshwater streams; used in salads and as a garnish.

waterfall /ˈwɑtɚfɑl/ /ˈwɑtɚfɔl/ /ˈwɔtɚfɔl/ /ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/ waterfalls n
eas

waterhole waterholes n
dabhach
A depression in which water collects, especially one where wild animals come to drink.

waterlogged more waterlogged most waterlogged adj
báite
soaked with water

watermelon /ˈwɑtɚˌmɛlən/ /ˈwɔtɚˌmɛlən/ /ˈwɔːtəˌmɛlən/ watermelons n
mealbhacán uisce
A plant of the species Citrullus lanatus, bearing a melon-like fruit.

watermilfoil watermilfoils n
snáth báite
Any of the freshwater plants of the genus Myriophyllum.

waterproof more waterproof most waterproof adj
uiscedhíonach
Resistant to the effects of water.
Made of or covered with material that doesn't allow water in.

waterspout waterspouts n
cuaifeach uisce
A whirlwind that forms over water, not associated with a mesocyclone of a thunderstorm (contrary to a true tornado).

watertight /ˈwɑː.tɚ.taɪt/ /ˈwɔː.tə.taɪt/ /ˈwɔː.tɚ.taɪt/ more watertight most watertight adj
uiscedhíonach uisce-obach
So tightly made that water cannot enter or escape.

watt-hour watt-hours n
vatuair
A unit of electrical energy equal to the power of one watt in use for one hour; often used as a unit of electricity consumption. Equal to 3600 joule.

wattage wattages n
vatacht
An amount or power (especially electric), expressed in watts, kilowatts etc.

wattle /ˈwɑtl̩/ /ˈwɒtl̩/ [ˈwɑ.ɾl̩] wattles n
caolach cleathóg cleith
A construction of branches and twigs woven together to form a wall, barrier, fence, or roof.
sprochaille
A wrinkled fold of skin, sometimes brightly coloured, hanging from the neck of birds (such as chicken and turkey) and some lizards.
meilleog sprochaille
Loose hanging skin in the neck of a person.
crann acaicia
Any of several Australian trees and shrubs of the genus Acacia, or their bark, used in tanning, seen as a national emblem of Australia.

wave /weɪv/ waves n
tonn casadh croitheadh
A moving disturbance in the level of a body of liquid; an undulation.

wavefunction /ˈweɪv.fʌŋ(k).ʃən/ wavefunctions n
tonnfheidhm
(physics) A mathematical function that describes the propagation of the quantum mechanical wave associated with a particle (or system of particles), related to the probability of finding the particle in a particular region of space.

wavelength /ˈweɪvlɛŋ(k)θ/ /ˈweɪvˌlɛŋ(k)θ/ wavelengths n
tonnfhad
(physics) The length of a single cycle of a wave, as measured by the distance between one peak or trough of a wave and the next; it is often designated in physics as λ, and corresponds to the velocity of the wave divided by its frequency.

wavelet wavelets n
druga
A small wave; a ripple.

wavy /ˈweɪvi/ wavier waviest adj
dréimreach
Having wave-like shapes on its border or surface; waved.

wax /wæks/ /wɛks/ waxes n
céir
Any oily, water-resistant, solid or semisolid substance; normally long-chain hydrocarbons, alcohols or esters.
Any preparation containing wax, used as a polish.

wax paper wax papers n
páipéar céarach
A semitranslucent, moistureproof paper made with a waxy coating, used primarily for wrapping and packaging.

waxwing waxwings n
sciathán céarach síodeiteach
Any of several songbirds of the genus Bombycilla, having crested heads, and red tips to the wings.

way /weɪ/ ways n
bealach slí séad
A road, a direction, a (physical or conceptual) path from one place to another.
bealach slí
A method or manner of doing something; a mannerism.

way too adv
an- ana-

waybill waybills n
bille iompair
A document that lists the final destination (and other details) of each part of a cargo.

wayfarer /ˈweɪˌfɛəɹ.ə(ɹ)/ wayfarers n
rianaí
A traveller, especially one on foot.

wayfaring-tree wayfaring-trees n
craobh fhiáin
(botany) A much-branched European shrub of large size (Viburnum lantana), with dense cymes of small white flowers, the foliage and young shoots thickly covered with soft mealy down.

waypoint waypoints n
treoirphointe
Any mapped reference point on a route that can be easily identified.

we /wi/ /wiː/ pronoun
muid sinn sinne muidne
(personal) The speakers/writers, or the speaker/writer and at least one other person (not the person being addressed). (This is the exclusive we.)

weak /wiːk/ weaker weakest adj
lag aimhneartach anbhann creatach crólag cróloite
Lacking in force (usually strength) or ability.
caol lag tanaí éadrom
Dilute, lacking in taste or potency.
lag
(Germanic languages, of verbs) Regular in inflection, lacking vowel changes and having a past tense with -d- or -t-.
(grammar) Displaying a particular kind of inflection, including:

weak spot weak spots n
laige éasc
A location where the defenses are weak or the vulnerability is great.

weak-eyed more weak-eyed most weak-eyed adj
lagshúileach

weakening weakenings n
lagú
An instance or process of loss of strength.

weakness /ˈwiːk.nəs/ weaknesses n
aimhneart anacmhainn anbhainne cloíteacht fainne lag
(uncountable) The condition of being weak.
fágáil éalang
(countable) An inadequate quality; fault

weal /wil/ /wiːl/ weals n
léas
A raised, longitudinal wound, usually purple, on the surface of flesh caused by a stroke of a rod or whip; a welt.

wealth /wɛlθ/ [wɛl̪θ] wealths n
saibhreas
(uncountable, economics) Riches; a great amount of valuable assets or material possessions.

wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/ more wealthy most wealthy wealthier wealthiest adj
maoineach maoinmhar
Possessing financial wealth; rich.

wean /wiːn/ v
scoith
(transitive) To cease giving breast milk to an offspring; to accustom and reconcile (a child or young animal) to a want or deprivation of mother's milk; to take from the breast or udder.

weapon /ˈwiːp.ən/ /ˈwɛp.ən/ weapons n
arm
An instrument of attack or defense in combat or hunting, e.g. most guns, missiles, or swords; arm.

weaponry weaponries n
airm
Weapons, collectively

wear /wɛ(ə)ɹ/ /wɛə(ɹ)/ [wɛɚ] [wɛɹ] v
iompair caith
(nautical) To bring (a sailing vessel) onto the other tack by bringing the wind around the stern (as opposed to tacking when the wind is brought around the bow); to come round on another tack by turning away from the wind. Also written "ware". Past: weared, or wore/worn.

wear out v
caith
To cause (something) to become damaged, useless, or ineffective through continued use, especially hard, heavy, or careless use.
imigh ó mhaith
(intransitive) To deteriorate or become unusable or ineffective due to continued use, exposure, or strain.
liath traoch traoith
To exhaust; to cause or contribute to another's exhaustion, fatigue, or weariness, as by continued strain or exertion.

wear rose-colored glasses v
spéaclaí bándearg
(idiomatic) To see the positive in things while being oblivious to the negative.

wear sackcloth and ashes v
caith sacéadach agus luaithreach
(idiomatic) To publicly express regret for something done wrong.

weariness /ˈwɪ(ə)ɹinɪs/ /ˈwɪəɹinɪs/ wearinesses n
tuirse
Exhaustion, fatigue or tiredness.

weary /ˈwiːɹi/ /ˈwɪəɹi/ wearier weariest adj
atuirseach scítheach tuirseach
Having the strength exhausted by toil or exertion; tired; fatigued.

weary /ˈwiːɹi/ /ˈwɪəɹi/ v
traoith tuirsigh
To make or to become weary.

weasel /ˈwizl̩/ /ˈwizəl/ /ˈwiːz(ə)l/ weasels n
bláthnaid ghallda easóg
A least weasel (Mustela nivalis).
easóg
Any of the carnivorous mammals of the genus Mustela, having a slender body, a long tail and usually a light brown upper coat and light-coloured belly.

weather /ˈwɛð.ə/ /ˈwɛð.ɚ/ weathers n
aimsir
The short term state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place, including the temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover, precipitation, wind, etc.

weather front weather fronts n
fronta aimsire
(meteorology) The boundary between two masses of air of different density and/or temperature

weather gauge n
buntáiste na gaoithe
(obsolete, naval) An advantageous position of one sailing vessel with respect to another, because of the direction of the prevailing wind, that allows it to maneuver for an attack etc.

weather map weather maps n
cairt aimsire léarscáil aimsire mapa aimsire
a map that shows the analysis of meteorological quantities at various levels of the atmosphere

weather satellite weather satellites n
satailít aimsire
(meteorology) A type of satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth.

weatherboard weatherboards n
síonchlár
Any of a series of horizontal boards used to cover the exterior of a timber-framed building; clapboard.

weathercock weathercocks n
coileach gaoithe
A weather vane, sometimes in the form of a cockerel.

weatherproof more weatherproof most weatherproof adj
díonach díonta síondíonach
Capable of resisting damage caused by the weather.

weave /wiːv/ weaves n
fí fíochán
A type or way of weaving.

weave /wiːv/ v
figh
To form something by passing lengths or strands of material over and under one another.

weaving /ˈwiːvɪŋ/ weavings n
fí
(uncountable) The process of making woven material on a loom.

web /wɛb/ webs n
fíochán
A latticed or woven structure.
scamall
A fold of tissue connecting the toes of certain birds, or of other animals.

webbed /ˈwɛbd/ adj
scamallach
(of feet or hands) With the digits connected by a thin membrane.

webfooted adj
cos-scamallach
Having webbed feet.

website /ˈwɛbˌsaɪt/ websites n
suíomh gréasáin
(Internet) A collection of interlinked web pages on the World Wide Web that are typically accessible from the same base URL and reside on the same server.

wedding /ˈwɛdɪŋ/ weddings n
bainis pósadh
Marriage ceremony; ritual officially celebrating the beginning of a marriage.

wedding breakfast /ˈwɛdɪŋ ˈbɹɛkfəst/ wedding breakfasts n
béile bainise
the main celebratory meal held after a marriage ceremony

wedding cake wedding cakes n
cáca bainise
A decorated cake, often in several tiers and with a model bride and groom, that is cut by the couple as part of a wedding ceremony and distributed to the guests.

wedding dress wedding dresses n
gúna pósta
The dress worn by a bride during a wedding ceremony, in Western culture traditionally white with a long train.

wedding march wedding marches n
máirseáil bhainise
(music) A slow-tempo march played during a wedding.

wedding party wedding parties n
lucht bainise
The bride and groom as well as the bridesmaids and groomsmen at a wedding.

wedding-goer wedding-goers n
aoi bainise
One who attends a wedding.

wee /wiː/ weer weest adj
beag
(Scotland, Ireland, North England, NZ, Ottawa Valley, Mid-Ulster English) Small, little.

weed /wiːd/ weeds n
fiaile raithneach
(countable) Any plant unwanted at the place where and at the time when it is growing.
raithneach
A drug or the like made from the leaves of a plant.
donán meatachán
(countable, British, informal) A puny person; one who has little physical strength.

week /wik/ /wiːk/ weeks n
seachtain
A period of seven days beginning with Sunday or Monday.
A subdivision of the month into longer periods of work days punctuated by shorter weekend periods of days for markets, rest, or religious observation such as a sabbath.

weekday /ˈwiːkdeɪ/ weekdays n
lá den tseachtain
Any individual day of the week, except those which form the weekend or the single weekly day off; that is:

weekend /wiːˈkɛnd/ /ˈwiˌkɛnd/ /ˈwiːˌkend/ /ˈwiːˌkɛnd/ weekends n
deireadh seachtaine
The break in the working week, usually two days including the traditional holy or sabbath day. Thus in western countries, Saturday and Sunday.

weekly /wiːk.li/ adj
seachtainiúil
Happening once a week, or every week.

weekly /wiːk.li/ weeklies n
nuachtán seachtainiúil páipéar seachtaine páipéar seachtainiúil seachtanán
A publication that is published once a week.

weep /wiːp/ v
goil caoin
To cry; to shed tears, especially when accompanied with sobbing or other difficulty speaking, as an expression of emotion such as sadness or joy.

weeping willow weeping willows n
saileach shilte
Any of the numerous decorative cultivars and hybrids of Salix babylonica with white willow (Salix alba) or crack willow (Salix fragilis).

weepy /ˈwiːpi/ weepier weepiest adj
olagónach
Inclined to weep; tearful or lachrymose.

weever /ˈwi.vɚ/ /ˈwiː.və/ weevers n
broid
Any of the usually brown fish in family Trachinidae, which catch prey by burying themselves in the sand and snatching them as they go past.

weft /wɛft/ wefts n
inneach
(weaving) The horizontal threads that are interlaced through the warp in a woven fabric.

weigh /weɪ/ v
meáigh
(transitive) To determine the weight of an object.
(transitive, figuratively) To determine the intrinsic value or merit of an object, to evaluate.
(transitive) To consider a subject.
(transitive, stative) To have a certain weight.
(intransitive) To have weight; to be heavy; to press down.

weighbridge /ˈweɪbɹɪd͡ʒ/ weighbridges n
droichead meáite
(UK) a platform, flush with the roadway, having a mechanism for weighing vehicles, wagons, livestock, etc.

weighing machine weighing machines n
meá-inneall
a mechanical device, often coin-operated, for determining the weight of an object or person

weight /weɪt/ weights n
meáchan
The force an object exerts on the object it is on due to gravitation.

weir /wɪə/ /wɪɹ/ weirs n
cora
An adjustable dam placed across a river to regulate the flow of water downstream.

welcome /ˈwɛlkəm/ interjection
fáilte céad míle fáilte fáilte romhat isteach tá fáilte romhaibh tá fáilte romhat Dé bhur mbeatha
Greeting given upon someone's arrival.

welcome back phraseologicalUnit
fáilte ar ais
Said to someone coming back to somewhere they have been before.

welcome home phraseologicalUnit
fáilte abhaile
Said to someone coming back to their own home.

weld /wɛld/ v
táthaigh
(transitive) To join two materials (especially two metals) together by applying heat, pressure and filler, either separately or in any combination.

weldable /ˈwɛldəbl̩/ more weldable most weldable adj
sotháite
that is able to be welded

welder /ˈwɛldə(ɹ)/ welders n
táthaire
One who welds, or wields.

well /wel/ /wəl/ /wɛl/ best better weller wellest adj
ar fónamh
In good health.

well /wel/ /wəl/ /wɛl/ interjection
bhuel
Used in speech to fill gaps, particularly at the beginning of a response to a question; filled pause.

well /wel/ /wəl/ /wɛl/ wells n
tobar
A hole sunk into the ground as a source of water, oil, natural gas or other fluids.

well deck well decks n
log deice
(nautical) A sunken deck between the forecastle and the poop

well done interjection
maith thú

well off best off better off more well off most well off adj
go maith as
Of a person: in fortunate circumstances, especially having financial security; comfortably off.

well-behaved /wɛlbəˈheɪvd/ /wɛlbɪˈheɪvd/ best-behaved better-behaved more well-behaved most well-behaved adj
béasach dea-bhéasach suáilceach
Having good manners and acting properly; conforming to standards of good behaviour.

well-being /wɛlˈbiː.ɪŋ/ n
folláine
A state of health, happiness or prosperity.

well-disposed best-disposed better-disposed more well-disposed most well-disposed adj
báúil méiniúil
friendly and sympathetic

well-favoured more well-favoured most well-favoured adj
dathúil
(dated) Good-looking or pleasing to the eye; handsome.

well-formed best-formed better-formed more well-formed most well-formed adj
dea-chumtha
(linguistics, computing) Correctly written; syntactically correct; expressed in a way that obeys rules for constructing formulas in a certain language.

well-known /ˌwɛlˈnoʊn/ /ˌwɛlˈnəʊn/ best-known better-known more well-known most well-known adj
aithnidiúil clúiteach iomráiteach
Familiar, famous, renowned or widely known.

well-mannered best-mannered better-mannered more well-mannered most well-mannered adj
béasach dea-bhéasach
Having good manners; polite, courteous, and socially correct; conforming to standards of good behaviour.

well-set adj
diongbháilte

well-spoken more well-spoken most well-spoken adj
dea-bhriathrach dea-chainteach dea-labhartha deisbhéalach fiosúil soilbhir
Eloquent and able with regards to speech.

well-to-do /ˌwɛltəˈdu/ more well-to-do most well-to-do adj
brabachúil
Rich, prosperous, financially stable and comfortable.

well-wisher /ˈwɛlˌwɪʃə/ /ˈwɛlˌwɪʃɚ/ well-wishers n
lucht dea-mhéine
Someone who extends good wishes, or expresses sympathy, to someone else.

welt /wɛlt/ welts n
fústa
buinne fearb lasca riast
(shoemaking) A strip of leather set into the seam between the outsole of a shoe and the upper, through which these parts are joined by stitching or stapling.

wen /wɛn/ wens n
ainglis cist gheire goirín
A cyst on the skin; a tumor or wart.

wench /wɛnt͡ʃ/ wenches n
cailín
(archaic, now, dialectal, or, humorous, possibly, offensive) A girl or young woman, especially a buxom or lively one.

wentletrap wentletraps n
faocha bhiorach
Any of numerous species of elegant, usually white, marine shells of the family Epitoniidae, especially Epitonium scalare, which was formerly highly valued.

werefox werefoxes n
sionnach-riocht
(mythology) A person who transforms into a fox or foxlike form.

werewolf /ˈwɛəɹwʊlf/ /ˈwɛːwʊlf/ /ˈwɜɹwʊlf/ /ˈwɪəwʊlf/ /ˈwɪəɹwʊlf/ werewolves n
conriocht fearolc
(mythology) A person who is transformed or can transform into a wolf or a wolflike human, often said to do so during a full moon.

wergeld /ˈwɛə(ɹ)ɡɛld/ /ˈwɜː(ɹ)ɡɛld/ wergelds n
airgead fola
(historical, especially in Germanic, _, legal) Compensation thus determined and paid; a reparative payment.

west /wɛst/ wests n
iarthar siar
The direction opposite to that of the earth's rotation, specifically 270°.
The western region or area; the inhabitants thereof. [circa 1300]
(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction of the gallery, opposite to the altar, and opposite to the direction faced by the priest when celebrating ad orientem.

western /ˈwɛstən/ /ˈwɛstɚn/ adj
an iarthair thiar
Of, facing, situated in, or related to the west.
(of a wind) Blowing from the west; westerly.

western /ˈwɛstən/ /ˈwɛstɚn/ westerns n
iartharán
A film, or some other dramatic work, set in, the historic (c. 1850–1910) American West (west of the Mississippi river) focusing on conflict between whites and Indians, lawmen and outlaws, ranchers and farmers, or industry (railroads, mining) and agriculture.

westerner westerners n
iartharach
A native or inhabitant of the West, of the Western world—Europe and the Americas. (Also written capitalized as Westerner.)

wet /wɛt/ wetter wettest adj
fliuch
Made up of liquid or moisture, usually (but not always) water.
Of an object, etc.: covered or impregnated with liquid, usually (but not always) water.
Of weather or a time period: rainy.
(slang) Of a person: inexperienced in a profession or task; having the characteristics of a rookie.
(poker slang) Of a board or flop: enabling the creation of many or of strong hands; e.g. containing connectors or suited cards. (Compare dry).

wet nurse wet nurses n
banaltra chíche bean altrama bean oiliúna
A woman hired to suckle another woman's child.

wet one's whistle v
do phíobán a fhliuchadh
(idiomatic) To have a drink; to quench one's thirst.

wether /ˈwɛðə/ /ˈwɛðɚ/ wethers n
molt
A castrated ram.

wetness /ˈwɛt.nəs/ wetnesses n
fliuchán
The condition of being wet.

wetting /ˈwɛtɪŋ/ [ˈwɛɾɪŋ] wettings n
fliuchán
The act of making something wet.

whale /weɪl/ /ʍeɪl/ whales n
míol mór
Any one of numerous large marine mammals comprising an informal group within infraorder Cetacea that usually excludes dolphins and porpoises.

whale shark whale sharks n
míolsiorc
A very large spotted shark, Rhincodon typus, of warm marine waters, similar to a whale, that feeds by filtering plankton from the water.

wharf /wɔɹf/ /wɔːf/ /ʍ-/ wharfs wharves n
cé
A man-made landing place for ships on a shore or river bank.

what /wɑt/ /wɑt/<a:sometimes also in <<GA>>> /wɒt/ [wɒʔ(t)]<a:glottalized> /wɔt/ /wɜt/ /wʌt/ /ʍɒt/ /ʍʌt/ [wä(ː)t̚˨˩] [wʌɾ] [wʌˀ] pronoun
cad céard
(fused relative) Anything that; all that; whatever.

what are you doing phraseologicalUnit
cad é atá ar siúl agat? cad é atá á dhéanamh agat?
Used to ask what the interlocutor is currently doing.

what for adv
cad chuige cén fáth
(colloquial) For what reason; why.

what is that phraseologicalUnit
cad é seo
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see what,‎ was,‎ that.: Asks the interlocutor to identify an indicated object.

what is your name phraseologicalUnit
c'ainm atá ort cad is ainm duit? cén t-ainm atá ort?
Used to ask the name of a person.

what kind of determiner
cén cineál cén saghas cén sórt

what the Devil interjection
cad san diabhal cad é an diabhal
(idiomatic) Used to add emphasis to “what” when beginning a question.

what time is it phraseologicalUnit
cad é an t-am? cén t-am atá sé? cén t-am é?
What is the time of day? (used to request for the current hour and approximate number of minutes after the hour)

what's done is done proverb
déantar an méid atá déanta

what's new phraseologicalUnit
cén scéal?
(informal) An informal greeting asking the other person what has recently happened in their life. A typical response might be "Not much; you?". The greeting is not always literal and may just be used to say hello.

what's up phraseologicalUnit
cad atá cearr céard atá ort
(idiomatic, colloquial, with up in the sense of "of concern") What’s the matter? What is the problem? What is wrong?
céard atá ar siúl agat cén scéal
(idiomatic, colloquial, chiefly, _, US, with up in the sense of "happening") What's happening? What are you doing?

what's your phone number phraseologicalUnit
Cad é d'uimhir fóin?
Asks the interlocutor to give their phone number for subsequent communication.

whatever /t/ /wɒtˈɛvə/ /wəɾˈɛvɚ/ /wʌtˈɛvɚ/ /ʍɒtˈɛvə/ determiner
cibé pé
Regardless of the ... that; for any ... that.

wheat /wiːt/ /ʍiːt/ wheats n
cruithneacht
(countable) Any of several cereal grains, of the genus Triticum, that yields flour as used in bakery.

wheatear /ˈwiːtɪəɹ/ /ˈʍiːtɪəɹ/ wheatears n
clochrán
Any of various passerine birds of the genus Oenanthe that feed on insects,

wheel /wil/ /ʍil/ /ʍiːl/ wheels n
roth
A circular device capable of rotating on its axis, facilitating movement or transportation or performing labour in machines.

wheelbarrow /ˈwil.bæɹ.oʊ/ wheelbarrows n
barra rotha
A small, one-wheeled (or rarely, two-wheeled) cart with handles at one end for transporting small loads.

wheelchair /ˈ(h)wilt͡ʃɛɹ/ /ˈwiːlt͡ʃɛə(ɹ)/ wheelchairs n
cathaoir rothaí
A chair mounted on large wheels for the transportation or use of a sick or disabled person.
(attributive) Designed for use by wheelchairbound people.

wheelspin wheelspins n
rothlam rothlam rothaí
(automotive) The spinning of the wheels of a vehicle on the surface of the ground with greatly reduced friction and little movement of the vehicle, especially when starting.

wheelwright wheelwrights n
rothadóir
A person who builds and repairs wheels, especially wooden spoked ones.

wheeze /wiːz/ /ʍiːz/ wheezes n
cársán
A piping or whistling sound caused by difficult respiration.

whelk /hwɛlk/ /wɛlk/ whelks n
cuachma faocha chapaill faocha choirn
Certain edible sea snails, especially, any one of numerous species of large marine gastropods belonging to Buccinidae, much used as food in Europe.

when /wɛn/ /wɪn/ /ʍɛn/ /ʍɪn/ adv
cathain cá huair cén uair
(interrogative) At what time? At which time? Upon which occasion or circumstance? Used to introduce direct or indirect questions about time.

when /wɛn/ /wɪn/ /ʍɛn/ /ʍɪn/ conjunction
nuair cathain
At (or as soon as) that time that; at the (or any and every) time that; if.
nuair
During the time that; at the time of the action of the following clause or participle phrase.
At what time; at which time.

when all is said and done phraseologicalUnit
i ndeireadh na dála
(idiomatic) In the end; ultimately.

when in Rome, do as the Romans do proverb
fág an tír nó bí san fhaisean
(loosely, idiom) To adapt to the circumstances; to follow common custom.

when pigs fly adv
lá Philib an Chleite lá Thaidhg na dTadhgann
(idiomatic) Never.

when the cat's away the mice will play proverb
nuair a bhíonn an cat amuigh, bíonn na lucha ag rince
In the absence of a controlling entity, subordinates will take advantage of circumstances.

where /wɛə/ /wɛɚ/ /ʍɛə/ /ʍɛɚ/ adv
cá cá háit cén áit
Interrogative adverb, used in either a direct or indirect question: in, at or to what place.

where do you live phraseologicalUnit
cá bhfuil sibh i bhur gcónaí? cá bhfuil tú i do chónaí?
Used to ask where the person lives.

where is the toilet phraseologicalUnit
cá bhfuil an leithreas?

wherry /ˈwɛɹ.i/ /ˈʍɛɹ.i/ wherries n
báirse
A liquor made from the pulp of crab apples after the verjuice is extracted.

whet /ˈwɛt/ /ˈʍɛt/ [ˈwɛ(ʔ)t̚] [ˈʍɛ(ʔ)t̚] v
faobhraigh géaraigh
(transitive) To hone or rub on with some substance, as a piece of stone, for the purpose of sharpening – see whetstone.
géaraigh
(transitive) To stimulate or make more keen.

whey /hweɪ/ /weɪ/ wheys n
meadhg
The liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained in the process of making cheese.

which /wɪt͡ʃ/ /ʍɪt͡ʃ/ pronoun
a ní
(mostly, archaic) Used of people (now generally who, whom, that; which remains possible with words also referred to by it such as baby, child).

while /waɪl/ /ʍaɪl/ conjunction
agus
During the same time that.
chomh fada is chúns
As long as.

while /waɪl/ /ʍaɪl/ whiles n
tamall scaitheamh
An uncertain duration of time, a period of time.

while away v
meil
(transitive) To spend (time) idly but pleasantly

whimbrel /ˈʍɪmbɹɜl/ whimbrels n
crotach eanaigh crotach samhraidh
A large migratory wading bird, Numenius phaeopus, of the family Scolopacidae, with a long downcurved bill.

whimper /ˈwɪmpə(ɹ)/ /ˈʍɪmpə(ɹ)/ whimpers n
geoin
A low intermittent sob.

whimsical /ˈwɪmzɪkəl/ more whimsical most whimsical adj
earráideach meonúil spangach teidheach
Given to whimsy.

whinchat whinchats n
caislín aitinn
A small Old World songbird, Saxicola rubetra, that feeds on insects.

whine /waɪn/ /ʍaɪn/ [ʍäːn] [ʍɑe̯n] [ʍʌɪ̯n] whines n
cuach
A long-drawn, high-pitched complaining cry or sound.

whinny /ˈwɪni/ whinnies n
cuach

whip /wɪp/ /ʍɪp/ whips n
fuip
A lash; a pliant, flexible instrument, such as a rod (commonly of cane or rattan) or a plaited or braided rope or thong (commonly of leather) used to create a sharp "crack" sound for directing or herding animals.
aoire
(politics) A member of a political party who is in charge of enforcing the party's policies in votes.

whip /wɪp/ /ʍɪp/ v
failp
(transitive) To hit with a whip.
failp gread
(transitive, by extension) To hit with any flexible object.
coip
(transitive) To mix in a rapid aerating fashion, especially food.

whip off v
sciob
(transitive) To remove something (especially an item of clothing) with a swift movement.

whiplash /ˈwɪp.ˌlæʃ/ /ˈʍɪp.ˌlæʃ/ whiplashes n
fuiplasc lasc fuipe
(countable) The lash of a whip.
lasc fuipe
An injury to the upper spine connected to a violent jerk of the head in either a backward or forward or side to side direction, resembling the motion of a whip.

whipped cream whipped creams n
uachtar coipthe
Thick cream that has had air incorporated into it by rapid beating.

whipping /ˈwɪpɪŋ/ /ˈʍɪpɪŋ/ whippings n
failpeadh
(countable) The punishment of being whipped.

whirlwind /ˈ(h)wɝlwɪnd/ /ˈwɜːlwɪnd/ whirlwinds n
cuaifeach
A violent windstorm of limited extent, as the tornado, characterized by an inward spiral motion of the air with an upward current in the center; a vortex of air. It usually has a rapid progressive motion.

whirr /wɜː/ /wɝ/ /ʍɝ/ whirrs n
seordán
A sibilant buzz or vibration; the sound of something in rapid motion.

whisk /(h)wɪsk/ whisks n
greadtóir
A kitchen utensil, now usually made from stiff wire loops fixed to a handle (and formerly of twigs), used for whipping (or a mechanical device with the same function).

whiskey /ˈwɪski/ /ˈʍɪski/ whiskeys whiskies n
uisce beatha fuisce
(Ireland, US, England) A drink of whiskey.

whiskified more whiskified most whiskified adj
fuisciúil
Drunk on whisky.

whisper /ˈ(h)wɪspə/ /ˈ(h)wɪspɚ/ whispers n
cogar
The act of speaking in a quiet voice, especially, without vibration of the vocal cords.

whisper /ˈ(h)wɪspə/ /ˈ(h)wɪspɚ/ v
bí ag cogarnach labhair i gcogar
(transitive, obsolete) To address in a whisper, or low voice.

whisperer whisperers n
cogarnach
Someone who whispers.

whistle /wɪs(ə)l/ /wɪsl̩/ /ʍɪs(ə)l/ /ʍɪsl̩/ whistles n
feadóg
A device designed to be placed in the mouth and blown, or driven by steam or some other mechanism, to make a whistling sound.
feadaíl
An act of whistling.

whistle /wɪs(ə)l/ /wɪsl̩/ /ʍɪs(ə)l/ /ʍɪsl̩/ v
lig fead bí ag feadaíl
(ambitransitive) To make a shrill, high-pitched sound by forcing air through the mouth. To produce a whistling sound, restrictions to the flow of air are created using the teeth, tongue and lips.

whistle-blower whistle-blowers n
sceithire
(slang, chiefly, US) One who reports a problem or violation to the authorities; especially, an employee or former employee who reports a violation by an employer.

white /waɪt/ /ʍaɪt/ more white most white whiter whitest adj
bán geal
Bright and colourless; reflecting equal quantities of all frequencies of visible light.
(sometimes capitalized) Of or relating to Europeans or those of European descent, regardless if their skin has cool or warm undertones.

white /waɪt/ /ʍaɪt/ whites n
bán
The color/colour of snow or milk; the colour of light containing equal amounts of all visible wavelengths.
A person of European descent with light-coloured skin.
gealacán gealacán súile
(archery) The central part of the butt, which was formerly painted white; the centre of a mark at which a missile is shot.

white as snow adj
ar ghile an tsneachta chomh geal le sneachta sneachtach sneachtúil
(simile) Very white.

white beaksedge /waɪt ˈbiːk.sɛd͡ʒ/ n
gobsheisc
A sedge of species Rhynchospora alba.

white blood cell white blood cells n
fuilchill bhán leocaicít
(hematology, cytology, immunology) A type of blood cell that is involved with an immune response, or part of the immune system.

white bread white breads n
arán bán arán geal
Bread made from white flour.

white campion white campions n
coireán bán
A flowering plant, Silene latifolia, in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to most of Europe, Western Asia and Northern Africa.

white chocolate white chocolates n
seacláid bhán
(uncountable) A food made from cocoa butter, milk, and sugar, having no cocoa solids.

white clover white clovers n
seamair bhán
A species of clover, Trifolium repens, native to much of Europe, North Africa and parts of Asia and introduced elsewhere as a pasture crop.

white dwarf white dwarfs n
abhac bán
(star) A dying star of low or medium mass, more solid and dense but dimmer than the Sun.

white flour white flours n
plúr geal
Refined flour made solely of the endosperm of wheat, i.e. with most of the germ and bran removed through the milling process, often chemically whitened.

white goosefoot n
blonagán bán
Chenopodium album, probably native to Europe, now widely cultivated.

white lead n
luaidhe bhán
A basic lead carbonate, particularly (historical) as once widely used for white paint, whitening cosmetics, and early medicine.

white meat white meats n
bánbhia
Meats whose color, either before or after cooking, is considered white as opposed to red, including poultry, seafood, and in some uses, even pork.

white paper white papers n
páipéar bán
Páipéar Bán
(British, Ireland, European Union, government, politics) A parliamentary document announcing or proposing government policy or action.

white pudding white puddings n
lúbán bán putóg bhán
A meat dish, made from liver and oats cooked in a sausage skin.

white sauce white sauces n
anlann bán
A simple sauce made from flour, milk and butter; Béchamel sauce.

white sugar white sugars n
siúcra bán

white tea white teas n
tae geal
The leaves of a tea plant which have been processed in a manner to let them wilt slightly and lose their "grassy" taste of green tea while undergoing minimal oxidation.
A drink brewed from these tea leaves.
Boiled water; hot water served as a hot beverage.

white wagtail white wagtails n
glasóg sráide
a small passerine bird in the wagtail family Motacillidae (Motacilla alba).

white water lily white water lilies n
bacán bán
Nymphaea alba, of Europe and North Africa

white willow white willows n
saileach bhán
A willow native to Europe and western Asia (Salix alba).

white wine white wines n
fíon geal fíon bán
Light-coloured wine (usually yellow with a hint of green but not pink).

white-collar crime white-collar crimes n
coireacht an bhóna bháin
Non-violent crime, generally for personal gain and often involving money. [from 1939]

white-haired adj
bán bánfholtach ceannbhán ceanngheal fionn fionngheal
Having white hair, especially from old age.

white-tailed deer white-tailed deer n
fia earrbhán
A medium-sized deer found throughout most of North and Central America and northern portions of South America; Odocoileus virginianus.

white-tailed eagle white-tailed eagles n
iolar mara
A sea-eagle with a distinctive white tail; (Haliaeetus albicilla).

whitebeam /ˈwaɪtˌbim/ /ˈwaɪtˌbiːm/ whitebeams n
bíoma bán
Any of various deciduous trees of the genus Sorbus subg. Aria (now Aria edulis), native to Eurasia, especially common whitebeam.

whiteboard /ˈwaɪtbɔɹd/ /ˈwaɪtbɔːd/ whiteboards n
clár bán
(by extension, computing) A collaborative tool allowing several users to write and draw on the same shared display.

whiten /ˈ(h)waɪ̯.tən/ [ˈ(h)waɪ̯tn̩] [ˈ(h)waɪ̯ʔn̩] v
aol bánaigh
(ergative) (To cause) to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch.

whiteness /ˈwaɪtnəs/ /ˈʍaɪtnəs/ whitenesses n
báine gile
(statistics, of a stochastic process) The quality of being white noise.

whitethorn whitethorns n
sceach sceach gheal
Crataegus monogyna, a hawthorn species native to Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia.

whitewash /ˈwaɪt.wɑʃ/ /ˈwaɪt.wɒʃ/ /ˈwɐɪt.wɑʃ/ whitewashes n
bua gan scór a ghéilleadh
aol aoldath
A lime and water mixture for painting walls and fences bright white.

whitewash /ˈwaɪt.wɑʃ/ /ˈwaɪt.wɒʃ/ /ˈwɐɪt.wɑʃ/ v
aol aoldath a chur ar aoldathaigh
(transitive) To paint over with a lime and water mixture so as to brighten up a wall or fence.
ceil cuir i bhfolach
(transitive, figurative) To cover over errors or bad actions.

whiting /ˈwaɪtɪŋ/ /ˈʍaɪtɪŋ/ whiting whitings n
gealán
A fine white chalk used in paints, putty, whitewash etc.
faoitín
A fish, Merlangius merlangus (family Gadidae), similar to cod, found in the North Atlantic; English whiting (US).

whitish /ˈwaɪtɪʃ/ /ˈʍaɪtɪʃ/ more whitish most whitish adj
fobhán scothbhán
Somewhat white, pale or almost white.

whittle /ˈwɪtəl/ /ˈʍɪtəl/ v
smiot

who /hu/ /huː/ pronoun
cé a
(fused relative, archaic, or, marginal) Whoever, he who, they who.

who are you phraseologicalUnit
cé thusa?
Asks the interlocutor for their identification

whoever /huˈɛvə/ /huˈɛvɚ/ pronoun
cibé pé
(fused relative) Any person or persons that.

whole /hoʊl/ /həʊl/ [hoʊɫ] [hɒʊɫ] [həʊɫ] more whole most whole wholer wholest adj
go léir iomlán
Entire, undivided.

wholemeal /ˈhoʊlmiːl/ [ˈhɔʊɫmiəɫ] wholemeals n
caiscín min chaiscín
Whole-wheat flour.

wholemeal bread wholemeal breads n
caiscín arán caiscín
(cuisine) Bread made from wholemeal flour, having had none of the bran or germ removed.

wholesale /ˈhoʊlseɪl/ wholesales n
mórdhíol
(business) The sale of products, often in large quantities, to retailers or other merchants.

wholesaler wholesalers n
mórdhíoltóir
A person or company that buys merchandise from manufacturers, importers, or distributors and resells the merchandise to retail businesses and to business and institutional end users.

wholesome /ˈhol.səm/ more wholesome most wholesome wholesomer wholesomest adj
folláin
Promoting good physical health and well-being.

whoop /huːp/ /wuːp/ /ʍuːp/ whoops n
cuach
A loud, eager cry, usually of joy.

whooper swan /ˈhuːpə(ɹ) swɒn/ whooper swans n
eala ghlórach
A species of swan, Cygnus cygnus, of the taxonomic family Anatidae.

whooping cough /ˈhuːpɪŋ ˌkɒf/ /ˈhuːpɪŋ ˌkɔf/ /ˈhuːpɪŋ ˌkɔːf/ /ˈwʊpɪŋ ˌkɔf/ whooping coughs n
triuch
(disease) A contagious disease of the respiratory system that usually affects children caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, the advanced stage of which is characterised by spasms of coughing followed by a whooping sound during the intake of breath.

whooping crane whooping cranes n
grús Meiriceánach
Grus americana, a species of crane native to North America.

whore /ho(ː)ɹ/ /hoə/ /hoʊ/ /hɔɹ/ /hɔː/ /hʊə/ /hʊɹ/ whores n
striapach meirdreach

whorl /(h)wɔː(ɹ)l/ /(h)wɜː(ɹ)l/ whorls n
roithleán eiteáin
A flywheel, a weight attached to a spindle. [from c. 1460]

whorled /woɹld/ /wɜːld/ /wɝld/ /ʍɜːld/ more whorled most whorled adj
fáinneach
Formed from whorls; having whorls.

whose /huːz/ determiner
a
(relative) Of which, belonging to which.

why /waɪ/ /ʍaɪ/ adv
cad chuige canathaobh cén fáth
(interrogative) For what cause, reason, or purpose.

wick /wɪk/ wicks n
buaiceas
A bundle, twist, braid, or woven strip of cord, fabric, fibre, or other porous material in a candle, oil lamp, kerosene heater, or the like, that draws up liquid fuel, such as melted tallow, wax, or the oil, delivering it to the base of the flame for conversion to gases and burning; any other length of material burned for illumination in small successive portions.

wickedness /ˈwɪkɪdnəs/ wickednesses n
coireacht colaí díchúis lochtaíl mallaitheacht urchóideacht
The state of being wicked; evil disposition; immorality.

wicker /ˈwɪkə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɪkɚ/ wickers n
caolach
A flexible branch or twig of a plant such as willow, used in weaving baskets and furniture.

wickerwork wickerworks n
caolach caoladóireacht ciseadóireacht
A thing or things made of wicker.

wickerworker wickerworkers n
caoladóir ciseadóir
Someone who makes things with wicker.

wide /waɪd/ /wɑed/ wider widest adj
leathan fairsing
Having a large physical extent from side to side.

wide awake more wide awake most wide awake adj
lánmhúscailte
(idiomatic) awake and very alert; vigilant, watchful

wide-eyed more wide-eyed most wide-eyed adj
súil-leata
(by extension) Astonished or surprised.

widespread /ˈwaɪdˌspɹɛd/ /ˌwaɪdˈspɹɛd/ more widespread most widespread widerspread widestspread adj
go forleathan
Affecting, or found throughout, a large area (e.g. the entire land or body); broad in extent; widely diffused.

widget /ˈwɪd͡ʒ.ɪt/ widgets n
giuirléid
A placeholder name for an unnamed, unspecified, or hypothetical manufactured good or product, typically as an example for purposes of explaining concepts.
(GUI) Any one of the components of a computer application's graphical user interface, such as a Cancel button or text input box that a user interacts with.

widow /ˈwɪd.oʊ/ /ˈwɪd.əʊ/ widows n
baintreach
A woman whose spouse has died (and who has not remarried); a woman in relation to her late spouse; feminine of widower.
(typography) A single line of type that ends a paragraph, carried over to the next page or column.

widow's mite /ˈwɪdoʊz ˈmaɪt/ /ˈwɪdəʊz ˈmaɪt/ widow's mites n
cianóg na baintrí
(idiomatic) A very small gift or donation which, however, represents a great sacrifice on the part of the giver.

widower /ˈwɪdoʊɚ/ widowers n
baintreach fir
A man whose spouse has died (and who has not remarried); a man in relation to his late spouse; masculine of widow. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

widowerhood widowerhoods n
baintreachas
The state or period of being a widower.

widowhood widowhoods n
baintreachas
The state or period of being a widow or widower.

width /ˈwɪdθ/ /ˈwɪtθ/ /ˈwɪθ/ [wɪd̪θ] widths n
leithead
The measurement of the extent of something from side to side.

wield /wiːld/ v
láimhsigh oibrigh
To handle with skill and ease, especially a weapon or tool.
feidhmigh
To exercise (authority or influence) effectively.

wife /waɪf/ wives n
bean chéile bean
A married woman, especially in relation to her spouse.

wig /wɪɡ/ wigs n
bréagfholt
A head of real or synthetic hair worn on the head to disguise baldness, for cultural or religious reasons, for fashion, or by actors to help them better resemble the character they are portraying.

wigeon wigeons n
rualacha lacha rua
Any of three freshwater dabbling ducks.

wiki /ˈwiːki/ /ˈwɪki/ wikis n
vicí
A collaborative website which can be directly edited merely by using a web browser, often by anyone who has access to it.

wild /waɪld/ [waɪ̯ɫd] [ˈwaɪ̯.ɫ̩d] wilder wildest adj
amhsach fiáin
Raucous, unruly, or licentious.

wild animal wild animals n
beithíoch allta
Any (nonhuman) animal living in a natural, undomesticated state.

wild boar /ˈwaɪld ˈboɹ/ /ˈwaɪld ˈbɔː/ wild boar wild boars n
torc torc allta
A wild swine native to Eurasia and North Africa (Sus scrofa), now widely distributed elsewhere and ancestor of most domestic pig breeds.

wild cherry wild cherries n
silín fiáin
An uncultivated cherry tree of species Prunus avium, native to Europe and western Asia.

wild goose wild geese n
gé fhiáin
any of many species of wildlife goose, such as the greylag goose or the Canada goose, whose wedge fly in a wedge or V form, or cuneiform, as opposed to the domesticated goose that would not fly.

wild pansy wild pansies n
goirmín searraigh
A European wildflower (Viola tricolor), with medicinal properties, and believed to ease heartache.

wild service tree wild service trees n
crann soirb fiáin
A tree with edible fruit, Sorbus torminalis, native to central and southern Europe and neighboring parts of Asia and Africa.

wild turkey wild turkeys n
turcach turcaí
A large gamebird, Meleagris gallopavo, native to North America.

wildcat /ˈwaɪ.əldˌkæt/ /ˈwaɪldˌkæt/ [ˈwaɪ.əlʔˌkæt] wildcats n
fia-chat
(UK) Felis silvestris, a common small Old World wild cat somewhat larger than a house cat.

wildcat strike /ˈwaɪ.əldˌkæt ˈstɹaɪk/ /ˈwaɪldˌkæt ˈstɹaɪk/ wildcat strikes n
tobstailc neamhoifigiúil
(organized labour) A labour strike that has not been authorized by the leaders of a trade union.

wilderness /-nɪs/ /ˈwɪldənəs/ /ˈwɪldɚnəs/ wildernesses n
fiántas
(uncountable) Uncultivated and unsettled land in its natural state inhabited by wild animals and with vegetation growing wild; (countable) a tract of such land; a waste or wild.

wildness wildnesses n
ainscian ainsciantacht alltacht báiní díscire dúchas
the quality of being wild or untamed

wile /waɪl/ wiles n
meang
(usually, in the plural) A trick or stratagem practiced for ensnaring or deception; a sly, insidious artifice

wilful /ˈwɪlfəl/ /ˈwɪlfʊl/ more wilful most wilful wilfuler wilfulest wilfuller wilfullest adj
ceanntréan
Stubborn and determined.

will /wɪl/ [wɪo̯] [wɪɫ] [wɪʊ̯] wills n
deoin
The act of choosing to do something; a person’s conscious intent or volition. [from 10th c.]

will o' the wisp /ˌwɪləðəˈwɪsp/ will o' the wisps n
tine ghealáin
(British, _, folklore) A flickering light or lantern, especially over bogs, swamps or marshes, held by a supernatural creature who uses it to lure travelers at night to their demise.

willie wagtail willie wagtails n
glasóg ghuail
An Australian bird, Rhipidura leucophrys.

willing /ˈwɪlɪŋ/ more willing most willing adj
sásta fonnmhar
Ready to do something that is not (can't be expected as) a matter of course.

willingness /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/ willingnesses n
sástacht
The state of being willing

willow /ˈwɪl.əʊ/ /ˈwɪloʊ/ willows n
sail saileach saileog
The wood of these trees.

willow grouse willow grouses n
cearc fhraoigh coileach fraoigh
Lagopus lagopus, a medium-sized bird in the grouse family.

willowy /ˈwɪloʊi/ /ˈwɪləʊi/ willowier willowiest adj
caol leabhair seang
(of a person) Tall, slender and graceful.

willy /ˈwɪli/ willies n
pilibín
(hypocoristic, slang, UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ, South Africa) the penis.

win /wɪn/ wins n
bua
An individual victory.

win /wɪn/ v
buaigh gnóthaigh
(transitive) To triumph or achieve victory in (a game, a war, etc.).

wind /waɪnd/ /wɪnd/ winds n
gaoth
(countable, uncountable) Real or perceived movement of atmospheric air usually caused by convection or differences in air pressure.
(philosophy, alchemy) One of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans; air.

wind /waɪnd/ /wɪnd/ v
gaoth
(transitive) To blow air through a wind instrument or horn to make a sound.

wind farm /ˈwɪndfɑːm/ /ˈwɪndˌfɑɹm/ wind farms n
feirm ghaoithe
A collection of wind turbines, especially a large-scale array, used to generate electricity.

wind turbine wind turbines n
tuirbín gaoithe
A device for converting wind power into electricity.

windbag /ˈwɪndˌbæɡ/ windbags n
bromaire
(mildly, derogatory) Someone who talks excessively.

windbreak windbreaks n
fál fothana scáthlán gaoithe
A sheet or stack of material used to protect people or fire from wind.

windfall /ˈwɪnd.fo(ː)l/ /ˈwɪnd.fɑl/ /ˈwɪnd.fɔl/ /ˈwɪnd.fɔːl/ windfalls n
toradh leagtha
A fruit that has fallen from a tree naturally, as from wind.
amhantar
(figuratively) A sudden large benefit; especially, a sudden or unexpected large amount of money, as from lottery or sweepstakes winnings or an unexpected inheritance or gift.

windiness /ˈwɪndɪnəs/ windinesses n
bolmántacht broimnéis broimseán bromaireacht gaofaireacht sceirdiúlacht
The state of being windy; the state of there being wind

winding sheet winding sheets n
taiséadach
A burial shroud.

windmill /ˈwɪnd.mɪl/ windmills n
muileann gaoithe
The structure containing such machinery.

window /ˈwɪndoʊ/ /ˈwɪndə/ /ˈwɪndəʊ/ windows n
fuinneog
An opening, usually covered by one or more panes of clear glass, to allow light and air from outside to enter a building or vehicle.
(graphical user interface) A rectangular area on a computer terminal or screen containing some kind of user interface, displaying the output of and allowing input for one of a number of simultaneously running computer processes.
deis faill ionú
(figurative) A period of time when something is available or possible; a limited opportunity.

window cleaner window cleaners n
glantóir fuinneog
A person whose job is to clean windows.

window frame window frames n
cás fuinneoige fráma fuinneoige
The wooden, aluminium or PVC etc. framework around a window

windowed adj
fuinneogach
Fitted with windows, often of a particular kind or, in (heraldry) , of a specified colour.

windowpane /ˈwɪndoʊˌpeɪn/ /ˈwɪndəʊˌpeɪn/ windowpanes n
gloine fuinneoige pána fuinneoige
A piece of glass filling a window or a section of a window

windowsill /ˈwɪndoʊˌsɪl/ /ˈwɪndəʊˌsɪl/ /ˈwɪndəˌsɪl/ windowsills n
leac fuinneoige tairseach fuinneoige urlár fuinneoige
(architectural element) The horizontal member protruding from the base of a window frame.

windpipe /ˈwɪndpaɪp/ windpipes n
píobán garbh
The trachea.

windrow /ˈwɪnd.ɹəʊ/ windrows n
láithreán féir
A row of cut grain or hay allowed to dry in a field.

windy /ˈwɪndi/ windier windiest adj
gaofar
Accompanied by wind.

wine /waɪn/ wines n
fíon
An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grape juice, with an ABV ranging from 5.5–16%.
An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting other substances, producing a similar ABV.

wine glass wine glasses n
fíonghloine gloine fíona
A glass vessel, normally with a stem, from which wine is drunk.

wine vinegar wine vinegars n
fínéagar fíona
Vinegar made from wine.

wineglassful wineglassesful wineglassfuls n
lán fíonghloine
As much as a wineglass will hold.

winepress winepresses n
cantaoir fíona
A press used to extract juice from grapes as the first step of winemaking.

winetaster winetasters n
blastóir fíona
One who examines and evaluates wine by tasting it.

wing /wi(ː)ŋ/ /wɪŋ/ wings n
sciathán
An appendage of an animal's (bird, bat, insect) body that enables it to fly.
(slang) Human arm.
(aviation) Part of an aircraft that produces the lift for rising into the air.
A part of something that is lesser in size than the main body, such as an extension from the main building.
A portable shelter consisting of a fabric roof on a frame, like a tent without sides.
eite
A faction of a political movement. Usually implies a position apart from the mainstream center position.
cliathán
(sports) A position in several field games on either side of the field.
(sports) A player occupying such a position, also called a winger

wing nut wing nuts n
cnó cluasach cnó eiteach
A nut with wing-like projections to provide leverage in turning with thumb and forefinger.

winged /wɪŋ(ɪ)d/ adj
eiteach sciathánach
Having wings.

wingless adj
dísciathánach
Having no, or only rudimentary, wings.

wingspan wingspans n
réise sciathán
(usually in singular) The distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip (of a bird, airplane etc.).

winning streak winning streaks n
rith sonais
An uninterrupted sequence of wins.

winnowing basket winnowing baskets n
dallán roithleán
A basket used to winnow rice or grain from the chaff.

winter /ˈwɪntə/ /ˈwɪntɚ/ [ˈwɪntʰɚ] [ˈwɪnɚ] [ˈwɪɾ̃ɚ] winters n
geimhreadh
Traditionally the fourth of the four seasons, typically regarded as being from December to February in continental regions of the Northern Hemisphere or the months of June, July, and August in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the time when the sun is lowest in the sky, resulting in short days, and the time of year with the lowest atmospheric temperatures for the region.

winter solstice winter solstices n
grianstad an gheimhridh
(astronomy) The moment when the Earth is in that point of its orbit where the northern or southern hemisphere is most inclined away from the sun.

wipe /waɪp/ v
cuimil
(transitive) To move an object over, maintaining contact, with the intention of removing some substance from the surface. (Compare rub.)
glan
(transitive, plumbing) To make (a joint, as between pieces of lead pipe), by surrounding the junction with a mass of solder, applied in a plastic condition by means of a rag with which the solder is shaped by rubbing.

wire brush wire brushes n
sreangscuab
A brush that has bristles made of wire; used as an abrasive and on masonry etc.

wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ wisdoms n
eagnaíocht
críonnacht eagna
(uncountable) An element of personal character that enables one to distinguish the wise from the unwise.

wisdom tooth wisdom teeth n
fiacail forais
(dentistry) One of the four (one upper and one lower on each side) rearmost molars in humans, which typically develop between ages 18-24.

wise /waɪz/ more wise most wise wiser wisest adj
críonna fáidhiúil seanchríonna
Showing good judgement or the benefit of experience.

wise man /ˈwʌɪzman/ wise men n
fáidh
A man who is wise.
A magus or wizard, now especially one of the three biblical magi.

wisent /ˈviːzənt/ /ˈwɪzənt/ wisents n
bíosún
The European bison, Bison bonasus.

wish /wɪʃ/ v
santaigh
(intransitive, followed by for) To hope (for a particular outcome), even if that outcome is unlikely to occur or cannot occur.

wishing well wishing wells n
tobar rúin
A well where, traditionally, wishes were thought to be granted, especially if coins were dropped into the water.

wisp /wɪsp/ wisps n
dlaoi
A small bundle, as of straw or other like substance; any slender, flexible structure or group.

wisteria /wɪsˈtiriə/ /wɪsˈtɛriə/ wisterias n
visteáiria
Any of several woody climbing vines, of the genus Wisteria, native to the East Asian countries of China, Korea, and Japan and the eastern United States.

witch /wɪt͡ʃ/ witches n
cailleach amaid bean Ultach cailleach Ultach cailleach feasa seanchailleach
A person who practices witchcraft.
One who exercises more-than-common power of attraction; a charming or bewitching person.
cailleach báirseach málóid raicleach
(figurative, derogatory) An ugly or unpleasant woman.

witch hat witch hats n
hata caillí
A style of hat worn by witches in popular culture depictions, characterized by a conical crown and a wide brim.

witch hazel witch hazels n
coll Virginiach
(US) Hamamelis virginiana (eastern North America)

witchcraft /ˈwɪt͡ʃkɹæft/ /ˈwɪt͡ʃkɹɑːft/ witchcrafts n
asarlaíocht diabhlaíocht draíocht síofrógacht tuaithe
The practice of witches; magic, sorcery, or the use of supernatural powers to influence or predict events.

with /wəð/ /wəθ/ /wɪ/ /wɪf/ /wɪi/ /wɪt/ /wɪv/ /wɪð/ /wɪθ/ preposition
le
Against.
In the company of; alongside, close to; near to.
In addition to; as an accessory to.
In support of.
Using as an instrument; by means of.
(obsolete) Using as nourishment; more recently replaced by on.
Keeping up with; understanding; following along.

with child
ag iompar clainne
(archaic) Pregnant.

withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɑ/ /wɪðˈdɹɔ/ /wɪðˈdɹɔː/ /wɪθˈdɹɑ/ /wɪθˈdɹɔ/ /wɪθˈdɹɔː/ v
aistarraing
(banking, finance) To extract (money) from a bank account or other financial deposit.
cúlaigh
To remove (someone or (reflexive, archaic) oneself) from a position or situation; specifically (military) , to remove (soldiers) from a battle or position where they are stationed.

withdrawal /wɪðˈdɹɑ(ə)l/ /wɪðˈdɹɔ(ə)l/ /wɪðˈdɹɔː(ə)l/ /wɪðˈdɹɔːɹəl/ /wɪθˈdɹɑ(ə)l/ /wɪθˈdɹɔ(ə)l/ /wɪθˈdɹɔː(ə)l/ /wɪθˈdɹɔːɹəl/ /ˈwɪθˌdɹɔːl/ withdrawals n
aistarraingt
An act of withdrawing or a state of being withdrawn.

withhold /wɪðˈhoʊld/ /wɪðˈhəʊld/ /wɪθˈhoʊld/ /wɪθˈhəʊld/ v
coinnigh siar

without /wɪðˈaʊt/ /wɪθˈaʊt/ [wɪðˈɐʊt] [wɪθˈɐʊt] preposition
gan
Not doing or not having done something.

witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ /ˈwɪtnɪs/ witnesses n
teisteoir
fianaise
(uncountable) Attestation of a fact or event; testimony.
(countable) One who is called upon to witness an event or action, such as a wedding or the signing of a document.
fianaise finné
(countable) One who sees or has personal knowledge of something.
(countable, law) Someone called to give evidence in a court.

witness box witness boxes n
clár na mionn
(chiefly, British) A witness stand in a courtroom.

wittiness wittinesses n
abarthacht eagnaíocht tráthúlacht
the quality of being witty

wittingly more wittingly most wittingly adv
feasach i bhfios
in a witting manner, intentionally, on purpose

witty /ˈwɪti/ [ˈwɪɾi] wittier wittiest adj
tráthúil
Clever; amusingly ingenious.
Full of wit.
Quick of mind; insightful; in possession of wits.

wizard /wɪz.ɚd/ /ˈwɪz.əd/ wizards n
draíodóir asarlaí draoi
Someone, usually male, who uses (or has skill with) magic, mystic items, and magical and mystical practices.
draoi saineolaí
One who is especially skilled or unusually talented in a particular field.
draoi
(computing) A computer program or script used to simplify complex operations, often for an inexperienced user.

wizened /ˈwizənd/ /ˈwɪzənd/ more wizened most wizened adj
casta
Withered; lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness.

woad /woʊd/ /wəʊd/ woads n
glaisin vód
(countable) The plant Isatis tinctoria.
vód
(countable, and, uncountable) The blue vat dye made from the leaves of the plant through partial drying and fermentation.

woe is me /ˌwoʊ ɪz ˈmi/ /ˌwəʊ ɪz ˈmiː/ interjection
abhó
(sometimes, humorous) Used to show that the speaker feels distress or misery.

wok /wɑk/ /wɒk/ woks n
wok
A large, round-bottomed cooking pan used in East Asian cooking.

wolf /wʉlf/ /wʊf/ /wʊlf/ /wʌlf/ [wɫ̩f] [wʊwf] [wʊ̠ɫf] wolves n
faolchú mac tíre madra alla madra allta
Any of several related canines that resemble Canis lupus in appearance, especially those of the genus Canis.

wolf down v
alp plac slog siar
(idiomatic) To consume (food) quickly or greedily, without regard for table manners.

wolfhound wolfhounds n
cú faoil
A dog of various breeds originally developed to hunt wolves.

wolfpack /ˈwʊlfpæk/ wolfpacks n
conairt
A family or other group of wild wolves.

wolverine /ˈwɒlvəˌɹiːn/ /ˈwʊlvəˌɹiːn/ /ˌwʊlvəˈɹiːn/ wolverines n
glutan
A solitary, fierce mammal of the Mustelidae family, Gulo gulows.

woman /ˈwoʊ.mən/ /ˈwʊm.ɘn/ /ˈwʊm.ən/ [ˈwo.mɪn] women n
bean
A female person, usually an adult; a (generally adult) female sentient being, whether human, supernatural, elf, alien, etc.

womanish /ˈwʊmənɪʃ/ more womanish most womanish adj
banda
(often, derogatory) Characteristic of a woman; effeminate, feminine. [from 14th c.]

womanizer /ˈwʊm.əˌnaɪ.zəɹ/ womanizers n
drúisire
A man who habitually flirts with and seduces, or attempts to seduce, women.

womankind n
bantracht
Women, taken collectively.

womanly /ˈwʊmənli/ womanlier womanliest adj
banúil
Considered typical of, stereotypical of, or appropriate to women; feminine.

womb /wuːm/ wombs n
broinn
(anatomy) In female mammals, the organ in which the young are conceived and grow until birth; the uterus. [from 8th c.]

wombat /ˈwɑmˌbæt/ /ˈwɒm.bæt/ wombats n
vombat
Any of several herbivorous, burrowing marsupials, of the family Vombatidae, mainly found in southern and eastern Australia.

womenfolk n
bantracht
Women collectively.

womenswear n
éadaí ban
Women's clothing (and accessories), particularly in a retail context.

wonder /ˈwʌndə/ /ˈwʌndɚ/ wonders n
ionadh iontas
Something that causes amazement or awe; a marvel.

wonderful /ˈwʌn.də.fl̩/ /ˈwʌn.dɚ.fl̩/ more wonderful most wonderful wonderfuler wonderfulest wonderfuller wonderfullest adj
iontach
Surprisingly excellent; very good or admirable, extremely impressive.

wood /wʊd/ woods n
adhmad
(uncountable) The substance making up the central part of the trunk and branches of a tree. Used as a material for construction, to manufacture various items, etc. or as fuel.
(countable) The wood of a particular species of tree.
coill ros
(music) A woodwind instrument.

wood carving wood carvings n
ceardaíocht adhmaid snoí adhmaid snoíodóireacht adhmaid
(uncountable) The art of carving wood to make decorative objects.
snoiteán adhmaid
(countable) A carved wooden object.

wood duck wood ducks n
lacha choille
A colorful North American duck, Aix sponsa, that nests in hollow trees.

wood horsetail wood horsetails n
scuab eich choille
A plant in the taxonomic genus Equisetum (horsetails); Equisetum sylvaticum.

wood pulp wood pulps n
laíon adhmaid
pulp made from wood (most often softwood, but sometimes hardwood) that is used to make paper

wood sage wood sages n
iúr sléibhe
An herb in the mint family, Teucrium scorodonia.

wood sorrel /ˈwʊdˌsɒɹəl/ wood sorrels n
seamair choille
A white-flowered, edible woodland plant, Oxalis acetosella.

woodcock /ˈwʊd.kɒk/ woodcock woodcocks n
creabhar
Any of several wading birds in the genus Scolopax, of the family Scolopacidae, characterised by a long slender bill and cryptic brown and blackish plumage.

woodcraft woodcrafts n
saíocht choille
Any of the skills related to a woodland habitat, especially those relating to outdoor survival; these skills collectively.

woodcut woodcuts n
greanadh adhmaid
(uncountable) A method of printmaking from such a block.

wooded /ˈwʊdɪd/ more wooded most wooded adj
coillteach
Covered with trees.

woodkern /ˈwʊdkɜːn/ /ˈwʊdkɝn/ woodkerns n
ceithearn choille
(historical) In medieval Ireland, a bandit operating in the forest.

woodlouse /ˈwʊd.ˌlaʊs/ woodlice n
cláirseach míol críon
Any of the terrestrial isopod crustaceans of suborder Oniscidea, which have a rigid, segmented exoskeleton, often being capable of rolling into a ball, and feed only on dead plant matter, usually living in damp, dark places, such as under stones or bark.

woodpecker /ˈwʊdpɛkə/ /ˈwʊdˌpɛkɚ/ woodpeckers n
cnagaire
Any bird of species-rich family Picidae, with a strong pointed beak suitable for pecking holes in wood.

woodruff /ˈwʊdɹʌf/ woodruffs n
lus molach
Galium odoratum, an aromatic herb.

woodwork woodworks n
adhmadóireacht obair adhmaid saoirseacht adhmaid
(uncountable) Working with wood.

woody /ˈwʊdi/ woodier woodiest adj
adhmadach
(botany) Non-herbaceous.
(botany) Lignified.

woof /wuf/ /wuːf/ /wʊf/ woofs n
inneach
The set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp; the weft.

woofer /ˈwʊfɚ/ woofers n
amhaire
A loudspeaker that produces low-frequency sound.

wool /wʉl/ /wʊl/ [wəl] [wɫ̩] [wʊ̠ɫ] wools n
olann
The hair of the sheep, llama and some other ruminants.
A cloth or yarn made from such hair.

woolly /ˈwʊli/ woollier woolliest adj
olanda olla
Made of wool.

word /wɜːd/ /wɝd/ words n
focal
The smallest unit of language that has a particular meaning and can be expressed by itself; the smallest discrete, meaningful unit of language. (contrast morpheme.)
(computing) A fixed-size group of bits handled as a unit by a machine and which can be stored in or retrieved from a typical register (so that it has the same size as such a register). [from 20th c.]
A promise; an oath or guarantee. [from 10th c.]
(theology, sometimes Word) Communication from God; the message of the Christian gospel; the Bible, Scripture. [from 10th c.]

wording wordings n
foclaíocht
A choice of words and the style in which they are used in a given context.

wordlist wordlists n
foclóirín
(especially, linguistics) A written collection of all words derived from a particular source, or sharing some other characteristic.

wordy /ˈwɝdi/ wordier wordiest adj
foclach teangach
Using an excessive number of words.

work /wøːk/ /wɜɪ̯k/ /wɜː(ɹ)k/ /wɜːk/ /wɝk/ /wɵːk/ [wœːk] [wɔːk] [wɚk] [wɛːk] [wɜːk] [wʊːɹk] works n
obair
The place where one is employed.
effort expended on a particular task.
obair saothar
labour, occupation, job.
saothar
(countable) A literary, artistic, or intellectual production.

work /wøːk/ /wɜɪ̯k/ /wɜː(ɹ)k/ /wɜːk/ /wɝk/ /wɵːk/ [wœːk] [wɔːk] [wɚk] [wɛːk] [wɜːk] [wʊːɹk] v
oibrigh bheith ag obair
(intransitive) To do a specific task by employing physical or mental powers.

work ethic work ethics n
eitic oibre
The value that one ought to work hard at one's job or duties.
The tendency to work hard at one's job or duties.

work party work parties n
meitheal
An organised group of workmen or workers performing a task together.

workbasket workbaskets n
ciseán fuála
A basket used to hold materials for needlework, etc.

workbench /ˈwɝk.bɛnt͡ʃ/ workbenches n
binse binse oibre
A sturdy bench or table at which manual work is done by a carpenter, machinist, etc.

workbook workbooks n
leabhar oibre leabhar saothair
A book, used by a student, in which answers and workings may be entered besides questions and exercises.
A book, used by a business, containing a record of work to be done, or work completed.

worker /ˈwɜː.kə/ /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ workers n
oibrí
A person who performs labor for a living, especially manual labor.

worker bee worker bees n
beach oibre
A sterile bee whose specialty is to support the hive, especially by collecting pollen.

workers of the world, unite phraseologicalUnit
a oibrithe an domhain, aontaigí
Laborers are encouraged to unionize or otherwise engage in collective action on a global scale in order to use the strength of their numbers to obtain better conditions.

working class working classes n
lucht oibre
The social class of those who perform physical work for a living, as opposed to the professional or middle class, the upper class, or others.

worksheet worksheets n
bileog oibre bileog shaothair
A sheet of paper or computerized document on which problems are worked out or solved and answers recorded.

workshop /ˈwɜːk.ʃɒp/ /ˈwɜːk.ʃɔp/ /ˈwɝk.ʃɑp/ workshops n
ceardlann ceárta
A room, especially one which is not particularly large, used for manufacturing or other light industrial work.
ceardlann
A brief, intensive course of education for a small group, emphasizing interaction and practical problem solving.

workstation workstations n
stáisiún oibre
a desktop computer, normally more powerful than a normal PC and often dedicated to a specific task, such as graphics

worktop worktops n
cuntar
(UK) A surface, usually resting on cupboards or drawers that can be used to work on. Usually in a kitchen.

world /wərld/ /wɜɹld/ /wɜːld/ /wɵːld/ [wɚːɫd] [wɵːɯ̯d̥] worlds n
saol bith domhan
(with "the" or a plural possessive pronoun) The subjective human experience, regarded collectively; human collective existence; existence in general; the reality we live in.
domhan saol
(countable) A planet, especially one which is inhabited or inhabitable.
An individual or group perspective or social setting.
(computing) The part of an operating system distributed with the kernel, consisting of the shell and other programs.

world cup world cups n
Corn Domhanda Corn an Domhain
An event or competition where competitors and/or teams from several different countries to establish a world champion.

world record world records n
curiarracht dhomhanda
(sports) The world's best score or time for a certain event.

worldly /ˈwɜː(ɹ)ldli/ more worldly most worldly worldlier worldliest adj
domhanda
Concerned with human or earthly matters, physical as opposed to spiritual.

worldwide /ˈwɜːldwaɪd/ /ˈwɝldˌwaɪd/ /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/ /ˌwɝldˈwaɪd/ more worldwide most worldwide adj
domhanda
Spanning the world; global.

worm /wɜːm/ /wɝm/ worms n
péist péisteog
A contemptible or devious being.
péist cruimh cuideog
(obsolete) Any creeping or crawling animal, such as a snake, snail, or caterpillar.

wormcast wormcasts n
cac péiste
A small pile of sand or soil, the end product of the breakdown of organic matter by an earthworm.

wormhole wormholes n
poll péiste
A hole burrowed by a worm.
(relativity) A hypothetical shortcut between two points in spacetime, permitting faster-than-light travel and sometimes time travel.
(programming, slang) A location in a monitor program containing the address of a routine, allowing the user to substitute different functionality.

wormlike more wormlike most wormlike adj
péisteach péisteogach péistiúil
(chemistry, of the molecules of a polymer) Having a smoothly curved form when heated.

wormwood /ˈwə(ɹ)m.wʊd/ /ˈwɚm.wʊd/ wormwoods n
mormónta
An intensely bitter herb (Artemisia absinthium and similar plants in genus Artemisia) used in medicine, in the production of absinthe and vermouth, and as a tonic.

worn out more worn out most worn out adj
seanchaite
Damaged and useless due to hard or continued use.
tuirseach traochta
Exhausted or fatigued from exertion.

worried /ˈwɝid/ /ˈwʌɹid/ more worried most worried adj
imní a bheith ort imníoch
Thinking about unpleasant things that have happened or that might happen; feeling afraid and unhappy.

worry /ˈwɒɹi/ /ˈwəʊɹi/ /ˈwɝi/ /ˈwʌɹi/ worries n
imní
A strong feeling of anxiety.

worry /ˈwɒɹi/ /ˈwəʊɹi/ /ˈwɝi/ /ˈwʌɹi/ v
déan imní imní a bheith ort
(intransitive) To be troubled; to give way to mental anxiety or doubt.
cuir imní ar
(transitive) Disturb the peace of mind of; afflict with mental agitation or distress.

worship /ˈwɔɹʃɪp/ /ˈwɜːʃɪp/ /ˈwɝʃɪp/ v
adhair adhair a thabhairt do
(transitive) To honour with extravagant love and extreme submission, as a lover; to adore; to idolize.

worshipper worshippers n
adhraitheoir adhróir
A person who worships, especially at a place of assembly for religious services.

worst-case scenario worst-case scenarios n
an cás is measa
Any situation or conclusion which could not be any worse; the worst possible outcome.

worsted /ˈwɝ.stɪd/ /ˈwʊs.tɪd/ worsteds n
mustairt
The fine, smooth fabric made from such wool yarn.

wort /woɹt/ /wɜːt/ /wɝt/ worts n
braichlis
(brewing, distilling) Also worts: a liquid extracted from mash (ground malt or some other grain soaked in hot water), which is then fermented to make beer or fermented and distilled to make a malt liquor such as whisky.

worthless /ˈwɜːθləs/ /ˈwɝθləs/ /ˈwɝθlɪs/ more worthless most worthless worthlesser worthlessest adj
galair
Having no worth or use; without value.

worthy /ˈwɜːði/ /ˈwɝði/ worthier worthiest adj
diongbháilte
Deserving, or having sufficient worth.

would like v
ba mhaith le
(intransitive, with a full infinitive) Used to form polite requests

wound /waʊnd/ /wund/ /wuːnd/ /wyːnd/ wounds n
créacht áladh
An injury, such as a cut, stab, or tear, to a (usually external) part of the body.
(criminal, _, legal) An injury to a person by which the skin is divided or its continuity broken.

wound /waʊnd/ /wund/ /wuːnd/ /wyːnd/ v
leon goin loit
(transitive) To hurt or injure (someone) by cutting, piercing, or tearing the skin.

woundwort woundworts n
duilleog na saor
Any of several plants of the genus Stachys

woven /ˈwoʊvən/ /ˈwəʊvən/ adj
fite
Fabricated by weaving.

wraith /ɹeɪθ/ wraiths n
taibhse
A ghost or specter, especially a person's likeness seen just after their death.

wrangle /ˈɹæŋɡ(ə)l/ /ˈɹæŋɡl̩/ wrangles n
caitleáil callóid clampar pléadáil siosma
(countable) An angry dispute; a noisy quarrel; an altercation.
(uncountable) Angry disputation; noisy quarrelling.

wrapper /ˈɹæpɚ/ wrappers n
cumhdach
Something that is wrapped around something else as a cover or protection: a wrapping.
scaoilteog
An outer garment; a loose robe or dressing gown.

wrapping paper wrapping papers n
páipéar beartán
Paper used for wrapping parcels (in this case, often brown) or presents (in this case, often colourful/colorful and decorative).

wrasse /ɹæs/ wrasses n
ballach
Any one of numerous edible, marine, spiny-finned fishes of the family Labridae, of which several species are found in the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic coast of Europe. Many of the species are brightly colored. [from mid-17th c.]

wreath /ɹiːθ/ wreaths n
fleasc
An ornamental circular band made, for example, of plaited flowers and leaves, and used as decoration; a garland or chaplet, especially one given to a victor.

wren /ɹɛn/ wrens n
dreoilín
Troglodytes troglodytes (Eurasian wren, type species and sole Old World species of the family Troglodytidae).

wrench /ɹɛnt͡ʃ/ wrenches n
sníomh
A movement that twists or pulls violently; a tug. [from 16th c.]

wrench /ɹɛnt͡ʃ/ v
freang sníomh
(transitive) To pull or twist violently. [from 13th c.]

wrest block wrest blocks n
pionnachlár
(music) A wooden block in the pianoforte, often made of several pieces, into which the wrest-pins are driven.

wretch /ɹɛt͡ʃ/ wretches n
aimleoir aimléis anacróir cnápach cráiteachán donán
An unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person.

wretched /ˈɹɛt͡ʃəd/ /ˈɹɛt͡ʃɪd/ more wretched most wretched adj
aimlithe aimléiseach ainnis dearóil
Characterized by or feeling deep affliction or distress; very miserable.

wriggle /ˈɹɪɡəl/ v
bí ag lúbarnaíl
(intransitive) To twist one's body to and fro with short, writhing motions; to squirm.

wrinkle /ˈɹɪŋkl̩/ wrinkles n
furca

wrinkled /ˈɹɪŋkl̩d/ more wrinkled most wrinkled adj
rocach
(of a surface) Uneven, with many furrows and prominent points, often in reference to the skin or hide of animals.

wrist /ɹɪst/ wrists n
bunrí caol na láimhe rosta
(anatomy) The complex joint between forearm bones, carpus, and metacarpals where the hand is attached to the arm; the carpus in a narrow sense.

wristband /ˈɹɪs(t)ˌbænd/ /ˈɹɪzbənd/ wristbands n
banda muinchille
The cuff of a sleeve that wraps around the wrist.
A strip of material worn around the wrist, e.g. to absorb perspiration, especially in sports.

wristwatch /ˈɹɪstˌwɑt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹɪstˌwɒt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹɪstˌwɔt͡ʃ/ wristwatches n
uaireadóir uaireadóir rosta
A watch that is worn on a strap or band fastened around the wrist

write /ɹaɪt/ v
graf
scríobh
(transitive) To be the author of (a book, article, poem, etc.).
(transitive) To show (information, etc) in written form.
scríobh chuig
To impress durably; to imprint; to engrave.

writer /ˈɹaɪ.tə/ /ˈɹaɪ.təɹ/ [ˈɹ̠aɪtə] [ˈɹ̠ăɪɾɚ] [ˈɹ̠ʌɪɾɚ] writers n
scríbhneoir
A person who writes, or produces literary work; an author can refer to themselves as "the writer".

writhe /ɹaɪð/ v
bí ag lúbarnaíl
(intransitive) To twist bodily; to contort one's self; to be distorted.

writing /ˈɹaɪtɪŋ/ writings n
scríbhneoireacht
(uncountable) The process of representing a language with symbols or letters.

writing paper writing papers n
páipéar litreach páipéar scríbhneoireachta
Paper designed to be written on with ink; it may be ruled or unruled.

written /ˈɹɪ.tən/ [ɹɪɾn̩] [ɹɪʔn̩] [ɹɪʔt̚n̩] adj
scríofa
Of, relating, or characteristic of writing (i.e., of that which has been written).

wrong /ˈɹɑŋ/ /ˈɹɒŋ/ /ˈɹɔŋ/ more wrong most wrong adj
contráilte
Incorrect or untrue.
Improper; unfit; unsuitable.

wrynecked more wrynecked most wrynecked adj
cam-mhuineálach
(archaic) torticollic

wych elm wych elms n
leamhán sléibhe
An elm (Ulmus glabra) found in northern and western Europe.

wye /ˈwaɪ/ wyes n
yé
The name of the Latin-script letter Y/y.

wyvern /ˈwaɪvə(ɹ)n/ /ˈwiːvə(ɹ)n/ /ˈwɪvə(ɹ)n/ wyverns n
vuibhearn
(heraldiccharge, mythology, fantasy) A draconian creature possessing wings, only two legs and usually a barbed tail.

xanthein /ˈzænθiːn/ xantheins n
xantaein
(chemistry) The water-soluble part of the yellow carotenoid pigment present in the cell sap of some plants.

xanthene xanthenes n
xaintéin
(organic compound) Any of a group of tricyclic heterocycles (dibenzopyrans) that are the basis for a range of dyes such as fluorescein and eosin.

xanthine xanthines n
xaintin xaintín
(chemistry) Any of a group of alkaloids that include caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine as well as the parent compound, a precursor of uric acid found in many organs of the body.

xenolith xenoliths n
xéinilit
(geology) Any piece of rock having a different origin to that of the igneous rock in which it is found.

xenon /zenɔn/ /zinən/ /zɪinɔn/ /ˈzinɑn/ /ˈziːnɒn/ xenons n
xeanón
The chemical element (symbol Xe) with an atomic number of 54. It is a colorless, odorless, unreactive noble gas, used notably in camera flash technology.

xenophobe /ˈzi.nə.foʊb/ /ˈzɛ.nə.foʊb/ /ˈzɛ.nə.fəʊb/ xenophobes n
seineafóbach
One who hates or fears strangers or foreigners.

xenophobia /ˌziː.nəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌzɛn.əˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌzɛn.əˈfəʊ.bɪ.ə/ xenophobias n
seineafóibe
A hatred of strangers or foreigners.
A fear of strangers or foreigners.
A strong antipathy or aversion to strangers or foreigners.

xenophobic more xenophobic most xenophobic adj
seineafóbach
Exhibiting or characterised by xenophobia, a fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners.

xero- prefix
xéiri-
dry; dryness

xeroderma xerodermas xerodermata n
xéirideirme
(pathology) Any of various skin diseases characterised by dry, hard, scaly skin, especially ichthyosis.

xerography n
xéireagrafaíocht
A photocopying process in which a negative image formed on an electrically charged plate is transferred as a positive to paper and thermally fixed.

xeromorphy n
xéireamorfacht
Quality of being xeromorphic.

xerophthalmia xerophthalmias n
xéaroftailmia
(ophthalmology) A condition due to a deficiency of vitamin A where the conjunctiva and cornea become dry. The condition starts with conjunctival xerosis and night blindness and progresses to corneal xerosis and, later, a severe condition called keratomalacia.

xerophyte /ˈzɪəɹəʊfaɪt/ xerophytes n
xéirifít
(botany) Any plant suited for life in a habitat where water is scarce, such as in a desert or chaparral. Such plants may be succulent, have small or reduced leaves, or spines.

xeroradiography xeroradiographies n
xéararadagrafaíocht
A method of X-ray photography which uses an electrically charged metal plate instead of film.

xerosere xeroseres n
xéiriséir
(ecology) The succession of ecological communities which originated in an extremely dry habitat such as a desert or sand dunes.

xerox /ˈseɾoks/ /ˈziː(ə)ɹ.ɑks/ /ˈzɛ.ɹɒks/ v
fótachóipeáil
(Philippines, India, dated, _, in, _, North America) To make a paper copy or copies by means of a photocopier.

xi /ksaɪ/ /ksiː/ /saɪ/ /zaɪ/ /ʃiː/ xis n
xí
The 14th letter of Classical and Modern Greek. The 15th in Ancient and Old Greek.

xylan xylans n
xiolán
(carbohydrate) A polysaccharide, consisting of xylose residues, found in the cell walls of some algae and plants.

xylem /ˈzaɪ.ləm/ xylems n
xiléim
(botany) A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of water and minerals taken up by the roots; also the primary component of wood.

xylene /ˈzaɪliːn/ xylenes n
xiléin
(chemistry) Any of a group of three isomeric aromatic hydrocarbons, found in coal and wood tar.

xylo- /ˈzaɪ.loʊ/ /ˈzaɪ.ləʊ/ prefix
xili-
wood

xylophone /ˈzaɪ.lə.ˌfəʊn/ /ˈzaɪləˌfoʊn/ xylophones n
xileafón
(musical instrument) Any musical instrument (percussion idiophone) made of wooden slats graduated so as to make the sounds of the scale when struck with a small drumstick-like mallet; the standard Western concert xylophone or one of its derivatives.

xylophonist xylophonists n
xileafónaí
Someone who plays a xylophone.

xylose xyloses n
xileos xiolós
(carbohydrate) One of the pentoses, C5H10O5, a white crystalline sugar, derived from wood.

xylulose xyluloses n
xilealós xiolalós
(carbohydrate) The ketopentose (3R,4S)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentan-2-one.

yacht /jɑt/ /jɑːt/ /jɒt/ yachts n
luamh
A slick and light ship for making pleasure trips or racing on water, having sails but often motor-powered. At times used as a residence offshore on a dock.

yachter /ˈjɒtəɹ/ yachters n
luamhaire
A person who sails in yachts.

yachting yachtings n
luamhaireacht
(often, attributive) A physical activity involving yachts, such as racing sailing boats, cruising to distant shores, or day-sailing along a coast.

yachtsman yachtsmen n
luamhaire
A man who sails a yacht.

yachtswoman yachtswomen n
luamhaire
A woman who sails a yacht.

yak /jæk/ yak yaks n
geac
An ox-like mammal native to the Himalayas, Mongolia, Burma, and Tibet with dark, long, and silky hair, a horse-like tail, and a full, bushy mane.

yam /jæm/ yams n
ionam
The edible, starchy, tuberous root of that plant, a tropical staple food.

yap /jæp/ yaps n
sceamh
(countable) The high-pitched bark of a small dog, or similar.

yap /jæp/ v
sceamh
(intransitive) Of a small dog, to bark.

yard /jɑɹd/ /jɑːd/ yard yards n
clós
An enclosed area designated for a specific purpose, e.g. on farms, railways etc.
cleith slat
(nautical) A long tapered timber hung on a mast to which is bent a sail, and may be further qualified as a square, lateen, or lug yard. The first is hung at right angles to the mast, the latter two hang obliquely.
slat
(obsolete) A staff, rod, or stick.
(obsolete) The rod, a surveying unit of (once) 15 or (now) 16+1⁄2 feet.

yardstick /ˈjɑɹdˌstɪk/ /ˈjɑːdˌstɪk/ yardsticks n
slat tomhais
A measuring rod thirty-six inches (one yard) long.

yarn /jɑɹn/ /jɑːn/ yarns n
abhras snáth
(uncountable) A twisted strand of fiber used for knitting or weaving.

yarrow /ˈjæɹoʊ/ /ˈjæɹəʊ/ yarrows n
athair thalún luibh na ndaitheacha
Any of several pungent Eurasian and North American herbs, of the genus Achillea, used in traditional herbal medicine.

yawl /jɔːl/ yawls n
geolta
A fore-and-aft rigged sailing vessel with two masts, main and mizzen, the mizzen stepped abaft the rudder post.

yawn /joːn/ /jɑn/ /jɔn/ /jɔːn/ yawns n
méanfach
The action of yawning; opening the mouth widely and taking a long, rather deep breath, often because one is tired or bored.

yawn /joːn/ /jɑn/ /jɔn/ /jɔːn/ v
déan lig méanfach
(intransitive) To open the mouth widely and take a long, rather deep breath, often because one is tired or bored, and sometimes accompanied by pandiculation.

year /jir/ /jøː/ /jɜː/ /jɪə/ /jɪɹ/ year years n
bliain
The time taken for the Earth to orbit the Sun with respect to the fixed stars; a sidereal year.
The length of a year as marked by a calendar, 365 or 366 days in the Gregorian calendar; a calendar year.
The mean length of a calendar year in the Julian calendar, that is, 365.25 solar days; a Julian year.
(by extension) The time it takes for any astronomical object (such as a planet, dwarf planet, small Solar System body, or comet) in direct orbit around a star (such as the Sun) to make one revolution around the star.
A period between set dates that mark a year, such as from January 1 to December 31 by the Gregorian calendar, from Tishri 1 to Elul 29 by the Jewish calendar, and from Muharram 1 to Dhu al-Hijjah 29 or 30 by the Islamic calendar.
A scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity.
A level or grade in school or college.

yearling yearlings n
athrón colann colpach dairt fóisc
An animal that is between one and two years old; one that is in its second year (but not yet two full years old).

yearly /ˈjɪəli/ /ˈjɪəɹli/ /ˈjɪɚli/ /ˈjɪɹli/ adj
bliantúil
Happening once every year.

yearly /ˈjɪəli/ /ˈjɪəɹli/ /ˈjɪɚli/ /ˈjɪɹli/ adv
in éadan an bliana
Once a year.

yeast /iːst/ /jist/ /jiːst/ yeasts n
giosta gabháil
An often humid, yellowish froth produced by fermenting malt worts, and used to brew beer, leaven bread, and also used in certain medicines.
A compressed cake or dried granules of this substance used for mixing with flour to make bread dough rise.
A single-celled fungus of a wide variety of taxonomic families.
coipeadh cúir
(figuratively) A frothy foam.

yeast extract yeast extracts n
úsc giosta
any of various forms of processed yeast products used as food additives or flavourings.

yeasty /ˈjiːsti/ yeastier yeastiest adj
giosta
Having or resembling yeast.

yell /jɛl/ yells n
liú
A shout.

yellow /ˈjælə/ /ˈjɑlə/ /ˈjɛl.oʊ/ /ˈjɛl.əʊ/ /ˈjɛl.ɚ/ /ˈjɛlə/ /ˈjɪlə/ /ˈjʌlə/ more yellow most yellow yellower yellowest adj
buí
Of a yellow hue.
(informal) Lacking courage.
(dated, US) Synonym of high yellow

yellow /ˈjælə/ /ˈjɑlə/ /ˈjɛl.oʊ/ /ˈjɛl.əʊ/ /ˈjɛl.ɚ/ /ˈjɛlə/ /ˈjɪlə/ /ˈjʌlə/ yellows n
buí
The colour of sunflower petals and lemons; the colour obtained by mixing green and red light, or by subtracting blue from white light.

yellow bile n
lionn rua

yellow fever n
fiabhras buí
(pathology) An acute febrile illness of tropical regions, caused by a flavivirus (Yellow fever virus) and spread by certain mosquitoes, characterised by jaundice, black vomit and the absence of urination.

yellow flag yellow flags n
feileastram
A Eurasian and northwest-African aquatic iris, Iris pseudacorus.

yellow jersey /ˌjɛloʊ ˈdʒɝzi/ /ˌjɛləʊ ˈdʒɜːzi/ yellow jerseys n
geansaí buí
Especially in the Tour de France: the yellow shirt worn by the leader of a stage of a cycling race, which is then awarded to the cyclist who wins the race with the fastest overall time.

yellowish /ˈjɛlɔʊɪʃ/ /ˈjɛləʊɪʃ/ adj
leathbhuí scothbhuí
Somewhat yellow (in colour).

yelp /jɛlp/ yelps n
sceamh
An abrupt, high-pitched noise or utterance.

yelp /jɛlp/ v
sceamh
To utter an abrupt, high-pitched noise.

yen /jɛn/ yen n
yen
The unit of Japanese currency (symbol: ¥) since 1871, divided into 100 sen.

yeoman /ˈjiː.mən/ /ˈjoʊ.mən/ /ˈjəʊ.mən/ yeomen n
gíománach
A subordinate, deputy, aide, or assistant.

yes interjection
sea
An exclamation of pleasure or approval, usually transcribed with an exclamation point.

yesterday /ˈjɛstədeɪ/ /ˈjɛstədɪ/ /ˈjɛstɚdeɪ/ /ˈjɛstɚdi/ /ˈjɪstɚdeɪ/ /ˈjɪstɚdi/ adv
inné
On the day before today.

yesterday /ˈjɛstədeɪ/ /ˈjɛstədɪ/ /ˈjɛstɚdeɪ/ /ˈjɛstɚdi/ /ˈjɪstɚdeɪ/ /ˈjɪstɚdi/ yesterdays n
inné
The day immediately before today; one day ago.

yesteryear /ˈjestəjøː/ /ˈjɛstəjɜː/ /ˈjɛstəjɪə/ /ˈjɛstərjɪər/ yesteryears n
anuraidh
(rare) Last year.

yet /jɛt/ adv
fós
go fóill
Thus far; up to the present; up to some unspecified time.
(after 'have' and certain copulative verbs, followed by an infinitive) Not as of the time referenced.

yew /juː/ /jɪʊ̯/ yews n
iúr
(countable) A species of coniferous tree, Taxus baccata, with dark-green flat needle-like leaves and seeds bearing red arils, native to western, central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, northern Iran and southwest Asia.
(uncountable) The wood of the such trees.
iúr crann iúir
(countable, by extension) Any tree or shrub of the genus Taxus.

yield /jiːld/ v
géill slí
(intransitive) To give way; to succumb to a force.

yodel /ˈjoʊ.dəl/ /ˈjəʊ.dəl/ yodels n
geoidil
A song incorporating yodelling.

yodel /ˈjoʊ.dəl/ /ˈjəʊ.dəl/ v
geoidligh
(transitive, and, intransitive) To sing (a song) in such a way that the voice fluctuates rapidly between the normal chest voice and falsetto.

yoga /ˈjoʊ.ɡə/ yogas n
ióga
Any of several Hindu or Buddhist disciplines aimed at training the consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquillity; especially a system of exercises practiced to promote control of the body and mind.

yogurt /ˈjoʊ.ɡɚt/ /ˈjɒ.ɡət/ /ˈjəʉ.ɡət/ yogurts n
iógart
A milk-based product stiffened by a bacterium-aided curdling process, and sometimes mixed with fruit or other flavoring.

yoke /joʊk/ /jəʊk/ yokes n
cuing gabháil
A bar or frame by which two oxen or other draught animals are joined at their necks enabling them to pull a cart, plough, etc.; (by extension) a device attached to a single draught animal for the same purpose.
cuingir
(electronics) The electromagnetic coil that deflects the electron beam in a cathode ray tube. [from 19th c.]
(chiefly, historical) A pair of draught animals, especially oxen, yoked together to pull something.

yolk /joʊ(l)k/ /jɔlk/ /jəʊk/ yolks n
buíocán
The yellow, spherical part of an egg that is surrounded by the white albumen, and serves as nutriment for the growing young.

yonder /ˈjændə(ɹ)/ /ˈjɑndəɹ/ /ˈjɒndə(ɹ)/ /ˈjɛndə/ adv
ansiúd
(archaic, _, or, _, dialect, _, especially) At or in a distant but indicated place.

you /d/ /dʒ/ /j/ /ju/ /juː/ /jə/ /jʉ/ /jʉː/ /s/ /t/ /tʃ/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ pronoun
tú sibh tusa sibhse thusa thú
(object pronoun) The person spoken to or written to, as an object. (Replacing thee; originally as a mark of respect.) [from 13th c.]

you can't judge a book by its cover proverb
go minic bíonn croí geal i gcraiceann donn
(idiomatic, metaphorical) It is not possible to make reliable judgments about things or people by considering external appearances alone.

you can't teach an old dog new tricks proverb
nuair a chríonann an tslat is deacair í a lúbadh
It is impossible to change people's habits, traits, or mindset.

you know /ju noʊ/ /juː nəʊ/ interjection
bhuel
(informal) Expression signifying a pause or hesitation.

you're right phraseologicalUnit
tá an ceart agat
Indicates that what the interlocutor said/says is correct.

you're welcome phraseologicalUnit
go ndéana sé maith duit níl a bhuíochas ort tá fáilte romhat
Used to acknowledge thanks; ritual reply to “thank you”.

young /jʊŋɡ/ /jʌŋ/ younger youngest adj
óg
In the early part of growth or life; born not long ago.
anársa
(obsolete) Having little experience; inexperienced; unpracticed; ignorant; weak.

youngster /ˈjʌŋstə/ /ˈjʌŋstɚ/ youngsters n
aosánach gadsaide gasúr gearrbhodach gearrchaile giosa
A young person.

your /jo(ː)ɹ/ /joə/ /joʊ/ /jɔɹ/ /jɔː/ /jə/ /jɚ/ /jɜɹ/ /jʊə/ /jʊɹ/ determiner
do
Belonging to you; of you; related to you (singular; one owner).
bhur
Belonging to you; of you; related to you (plural; more owners).

your man pronoun
mo dhuine
(Ireland) That man, the man in question.

yours sincerely adj
is mise le meas
(idiomatic, chiefly, British) A polite, formulaic phrase used at the end of a letter, especially when the sender knows the recipient's name.

youth /juːθ/ /juθ/ /jʉθ/ youths n
óige macaomhacht
(uncountable) The quality or state of being young.
giollacht macaomhacht
(uncountable) The part of life following childhood; the period of existence preceding maturity or age; the whole early part of life, from childhood, or, sometimes, from infancy, to adulthood.
aosánach boiteallach fleascach óg
(countable) A young person.
coileán giolla macaomh scorach stócach ógbhaidh
(countable) A young man; a male adolescent or young adult.
óige
(uncountable, used with a plural or singular verb) Young persons, collectively.

youth hostel youth hostels n
brú óige
An inexpensive supervised lodging place, primarily for young people.

youthful /ˈjuːθfəl/ more youthful most youthful adj
anaosta
Young or seeming young.

youthfulness youthfulnesses n
anaostacht aosántacht macaomhacht naíondacht óigeantacht
The vitality characteristic of youth.

yowl yowls n
uaill
A prolonged, loud cry, like the sound of an animal; a wail; a howl.

ytterbium /jəˈtɚ.bi.əm/ /jɪˈtɚ.bi.əm/ /ɪˈtɚ.bi.əm/ /ɪˈtɜː.bi.əm/ /ˈjə.tɚ.bi.əm/ /ˈjɪ.tɚ.bi.əm/ ytterbiums n
itéirbiam
A metallic chemical element (symbol Yb) with an atomic number of 70.

yttrium /ˈjɪtɹiːəm/ /ˈɪtɹiːəm/ yttriums n
itriam
A silvery metallic chemical element (symbol Y) with an atomic number of 39, mainly found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals.

yuck /jʊk/ /jʌk/ interjection
uch
Uttered to indicate disgust usually toward an objectionable taste or odour. [from 1966]

zander /ˈzæn.də(ɹ)/ zander zanders n
liúsphéirse
A European freshwater fish in the family Percidae, closely related to the perch, Sander lucioperca.

zany /ˈzeɪni/ zanier zaniest adj
craiceáilte gealtach
Ludicrously or incongruously comical.

zeal /zil/ /ziːl/ zeals n
díograis
The fervour or tireless devotion for a person, cause, or ideal and determination in its furtherance; diligent enthusiasm; powerful interest.

zealot /ˈzɛl.ət/ zealots n
díograiseoir
One who is zealous, one who is full of zeal for his own specific beliefs or objectives, usually in the negative sense of being too passionate; a fanatic.

zebra /ˈziːbɹə/ /ˈzɛbɹə/ zebra zebras n
séabra
(vulgar, pejorative, slang, ethnic slur) A biracial person, specifically one born to a Sub-Saharan African person and a white person.

zebra crossing zebra crossings n
bealach trasna trasrian síogach
(Australian, UK, NZ, Singapore) A pedestrian crossing featuring broad white stripes painted parallel to the street.

zebra finch zebra finches n
glasán séabrach
A small Australasian weaverbird (Taeniopygia guttata) that has markings similar to a zebra.

zebra mussel zebra mussels n
diúilicín riabhach
A striped freshwater mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, originating in Russia.

zee /ziː/ /ˈzeɪː/ zees n
zae
The name of the Latin-script letter Z/z.

zelkova zelkovas n
sealcóva
A kind of tree in the elm family (genus Zelkova). [from 19th c.]

zenith /ˈzi.nɪθ/ /ˈzɛn.ɪθ/ zeniths n
buaic na spéire
(astronomy) The point in the sky vertically above a given position or observer; the point in the celestial sphere opposite the nadir.

zero /ˈzi(ˌ)ɹoʊ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹaʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈzɪɹ(ˌ)oʊ/ zeroes zeros n
donán truán
(slang) A person of little or no importance.

zero /ˈzi(ˌ)ɹoʊ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹaʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈzɪɹ(ˌ)oʊ/ numeral
nialas neamhní náid
The cardinal number occurring before one and that denotes no quantity or amount at all, represented in Arabic numerals as 0.

zero matrix zero matrices zero matrixes n
maitrís nialasach
(mathematics) A matrix whose entries are all zero.

zeugma /ˈzjuːɡ.mə/ /ˈzuːɡ.mə/ zeugmas zeugmata n
séagma
(rhetoric) The act of using a word, particularly an adjective or verb, to apply to more than one noun when its sense is appropriate to only one.

zigzag /ˈzɪɡ.zæɡ/ zigzags n
fiarlán
A line or path that proceeds by sharp turns in alternating directions.

zinc /zɪŋk/ zincs n
sinc
(countable) A single atom of this element.

zip fastener zip fasteners n
sip
A fastener used in clothing, bags, etc, comprised of two rows of teeth that are made to fit into each other by moving a slider along their length and opened again by moving the slider in the other direction.

zirconium /zɜːɹˈkoʊniəm/ zirconiums n
siorcóiniam
A chemical element (symbol Zr) with an atomic number of 40, a strong, lustrous, grey-white transition metal mainly used as a refractory and opacifier.

zither /ˈzɪ.ðə/ /ˈzɪ.ðɚ/ zithers n
siotar siotár
(music) A musical instrument consisting of a flat sounding box with numerous strings placed on a horizontal surface, played with a plectrum or fingertips.

zodiac /ˈzoʊ.diˌæk/ /ˈzəʊ.dɪˌæk/ zodiacs n
comhartha an Stoidiaca
(astrology) The twelve equal divisions of the zodiacal region into signs or houses, each named for a prominent constellation in the region.
stoidiaca
(astronomy) The ecliptic: the belt-like region of the celestial sphere corresponding to the apparent path of the sun over the course of a year.

zombie /ˈzɑmbi/ /ˈzɒmbi/ zombies n
zombaí
(computing) A computer affected by malware which causes it to do whatever the attacker wants it to do without the user's knowledge.

zoo /zuː/ zoos n
gairdín ainmhithe zú
A park where live animals are exhibited.

zoogeography zoogeographies n
zóigeografaíocht
The scientific study of the geographical distribution of animal species.

zoology /zoʊˈɑləd͡ʒi/ /zuˈɑləd͡ʒi/ /zuːˈɒləd͡ʒi/ /zəʊˈɒlədʒi/ zoologies n
zó-eolaíocht
The part of biology relating to the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct.

zoomorphic /zoʊəˈmɔɹfɪk/ adj
míolchruthach sómorfach
Having the shape, form, or likeness of an animal.

zoonosis /zoʊ.ˈɒn.ə.sɪs/ /zəʊ.ˈɒn.ə.sɪs/ /ˌzoʊ.əˈnoʊ.sɪs/ zoonoses n
zónóis
(biology, microbiology) An animal disease, such as rabies or anthrax, that can be transmitted to humans.

zoophyte /ˈzuːfaɪt/ /ˈzəʊəfaɪt/ zoophytes n
zóifít míol-luibh
(biology, historical) An animal thought to have the characteristics of a plant, later specifically an invertebrate of the (former) group Zoophyta, comprising sponges, corals and sea anemones. [from 17th c.]
(biology, historical) A plant believed to have the characteristics of an animal, especially a sensitive plant or vegetable lamb. [from 17th c.]

zooplankton /ˌzoʊ.əˈplæŋk.tən/ /ˌzəʊ.əˈplæŋk.tən/ zooplankton zooplanktons n
zóplanctón
(zoology) Free-floating small protozoa, crustaceans (such as krill), etc. and the eggs and larvae from larger animals.

zoosporangium zoosporangia n
zóspóragán
(botany) A sporangium, or conceptacle containing or producing zoospores.

zoospore zoospores n
zóspór
A motile asexual spore of some algae and fungi

Åland Islands pn
Oileáin Åland
A region of Finland. Swedish speaking group of islands between Finland and Sweden.