# translation

lexentry: eng/Tibetan_fox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tibetan fox
trans_list: lis tybetański
sense:
Vulpes ferrilata, a species of true fox endemic to the high Tibetan Plateau in Nepal, China, and India


lexentry: eng/Tierra_del_Fuego__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Tierra del Fuego
trans_list: Ziemia Ognista
sense:
An archipelago and geographic region of Chile and Argentina, consisting of this island and a number of smaller surrounding islands.


lexentry: eng/Tigris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tigris
trans_list: Tygrys
sense:
A river in Southwest Asia flowing 1,150 miles east-southeast from the Armenian Highland in Turkey through Iraq. It forms the eastern edge of classical Mesopotamia. It unites with the Euphrates River to form the Shatt al-Arab before flowing into the Persian Gulf.


lexentry: eng/Tirana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tirana
trans_list: Tirana
sense:
A municipality, the capital and largest city of Albania, located in the center of the country west of the mountain of Dajti on the plain of Tirana; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality.


lexentry: eng/Tishrei__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tishrei
trans_list: tiszri
sense:
(Judaism) The first month of the civil year and the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Elul and before Cheshvan.


lexentry: eng/Tisiphone__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tisiphone
trans_list: Tyzyfone
sense:
(Greek god, Roman god) One of the Erinyes/Dirae (Furies, the goddesses of vengeance), and a companion of Nemesis/Invidia.


lexentry: eng/Titan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Titan
trans_list: tytan
sense:
(Greek god) Any of the race of giant gods in Greek mythology that preceded and was overthrown by the Olympian gods.


lexentry: eng/Titoism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Titoism
trans_list: titoizm
sense:
The political ideas or policies associated with Josip Broz Tito; in particular, an adaptation of Marxist-Leninist ideology, characterized by experiments with workers’ self-management instead of central planning and a foreign policy of independence from both the Soviet and Western blocs.


lexentry: eng/Tobias__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tobias
trans_list: Tobiasz
sense:
The main character in the Book of Tobit, regarded as apocryphal by most Protestants (Biblical character).


lexentry: eng/Tobit__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tobit
trans_list: Księga Tobiasza | Księga Tobita
sense:
(biblical character) A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.


lexentry: eng/Tocharian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tocharian
trans_list: tocharski
sense:
(linguistics) An extinct branch of the Indo-European language family, consisting of two languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, written in an abugida derived from Brahmi.


lexentry: eng/Tom_Thumb__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tom Thumb
trans_list: Paluszek | Tomcio Paluch
sense:
A fairy-tale character who is the size of a person's thumb; the protagonist and hero of the fairy tale The History of Tom Thumb.


lexentry: eng/Tonga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tonga
trans_list: Tonga
sense:
A country and archipelago of Polynesia in Oceania. Official name: Kingdom of Tonga. Capital and largest city: Nuku'alofa.


lexentry: eng/Tongyong_Pinyin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tongyong Pinyin
trans_list: tongyong pinyin
sense:
A system of romanization for Mandarin Chinese developed and implemented in the Republic of China (Taiwan) in the 1990s.


lexentry: eng/Torah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Torah
trans_list: Tora
sense:
(Abrahamism) The first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures, traditionally attributed to Moses and therefore also known as the Five Books of Moses. [1570s]


lexentry: eng/Torah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Torah
trans_list: Tora
sense:
(Judaism) The full body of written Jewish law, including the Tanakh, the Talmud, the Mishnah and the midrashic texts.


lexentry: eng/Torbay_sole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Torbay sole
trans_list: szkarłacica
sense:
(UK) An Atlantic flatfish of species Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (syn. Pleuronectes cynoglossus); witch.


lexentry: eng/Tory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tory
trans_list: Torys
sense:
(UK politics) A member or supporter of the Conservative Party, which evolved from Royalist politicians; historically associated with upholding the rights of the monarchy and the privileges of the established Church.


lexentry: eng/Tory__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Tory
trans_list: Torys
sense:
(Canadian politics) A member or supporter of the Conservative Party of Canada, one of that party's predecessors, or an affiliated provincial political party.


lexentry: eng/Tower_of_Babel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tower of Babel
trans_list: wieża Babel
sense:
(biblical) A tower erected at Babel by the descendants of Noah's son Ham to reach the sky, and whose completion God thwarted by making the workers speak different languages so that they were unable to understand one another.


lexentry: eng/Tower_of_London__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tower of London
trans_list: Tower | Tower of London
sense:
A riverside fortress in London, used as a palace, a prison and now a museum housing the Crown Jewels.


lexentry: eng/Traditional_Chinese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Traditional Chinese
trans_list: tradycyjne pismo chińskie | znak tradycyjnego pisma chińskiego
sense:
Chinese written using the traditional form of Chinese characters, as opposed to Simplified Chinese (introduced by the PRC as script reform).


lexentry: eng/Transdanubia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Transdanubia
trans_list: Kraj Zadunajski
sense:
A traditional region of Hungary, bounded by the Danube river (north and east), the Drava and Mura rivers (south), and the foothills of the Alps roughly along the border between Hungary and Austria (west).


lexentry: eng/Transfiguration__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Transfiguration
trans_list: Przemienienie Pańskie | Transfiguracja
sense:
(Christianity) An annual feast day, observed on August 6th (Gregorian) or 19th (Julian), celebrating the miracle when the face of Jesus "shone like the sun" before the apostles.


lexentry: eng/Transnistria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Transnistria
trans_list: Naddniestrze
sense:
A geographic region and de-facto independent but unrecognized country in Eastern Europe that claims statehood as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic; internationally considered an autonomous territorial unit within Moldova.


lexentry: eng/Transvaal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Transvaal
trans_list: Transwal
sense:
A geographical region and former province (until 1994) of South Africa between the Vaal and Limpopo rivers.


lexentry: eng/Treasury__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Treasury
trans_list: Skarb Państwa
sense:
Any specific instance of a government department responsible for the collection, management, and expenditure of public revenue.


lexentry: eng/Triangulum_Australe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Triangulum Australe
trans_list: Trójkąt Południowy
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, which has three bright stars that form a triangle. It lies north of the constellation Apus, between Ara and Circinus.


lexentry: eng/Triangulum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Triangulum
trans_list: Trójkąt
sense:
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky whose brightest three stars form a small triangle. It lies near Perseus, between Aries and Andromeda.


lexentry: eng/Triassic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Triassic
trans_list: triasowy
sense:
Of or from the geologic strata above the Permian and below the Jurassic; of or belonging to the period 250 to 200 million years ago when these strata were laid down.


lexentry: eng/Triassic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Triassic
trans_list: trias | Trias
sense:
(geology) A geologic period within the Mesozoic era, comprising lower, middle and upper epochs from about 250 to 200 million years ago.


lexentry: eng/Tridentine__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Tridentine
trans_list: trydencki
sense:
(Catholicism) Pertaining to the form of Mass promulgated at the Council of Trent, often called the Tridentine Mass.


lexentry: eng/Trinidad_and_Tobago__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trinidad and Tobago
trans_list: Trynidad i Tobago
sense:
A country consisting of two main islands and several smaller islands in the Caribbean, off the coast of Venezuela. Official name: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.


lexentry: eng/Trinity_Sunday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trinity Sunday
trans_list: Święto Trójcy Świętej
sense:
The Sunday after Whitsunday/Pentecost in the Western Christian tradition (or the Sunday of Pentecost in the Eastern Christian tradition), observed as a liturgical feast in honor of the Holy Trinity.


lexentry: eng/Trinity__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trinity
trans_list: Trójca Święta
sense:
(Christianity) In Christian belief, the three persons of the Godhead: the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.


lexentry: eng/Tripoli__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Tripoli
trans_list: Trypolis
sense:
The capital city of Libya, originally three separate settlements known as Oea, Sabratha, and Leptis Magna.


lexentry: eng/Trojan_horse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trojan horse
trans_list: koń trojański
sense:
(Greek mythology) The hollow wooden horse by which the Greeks allegedly gained access to Troy during the Trojan War.


lexentry: eng/Tropic_of_Cancer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tropic of Cancer
trans_list: zwrotnik Raka
sense:
(geography) The parallel of latitude 23°26′ north of the equator, marking the northern boundary of the tropics; the sun is directly overhead at the June solstice.


lexentry: eng/Tropic_of_Capricorn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tropic of Capricorn
trans_list: zwrotnik Koziorożca
sense:
(geography) The parallel of latitude 23°26′ south of the equator, marking the southern boundary of the tropics; the sun is directly overhead at the December solstice.


lexentry: eng/Trostianets__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trostianets
trans_list: Trościaniec
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of Trostianets urban hromada, Okhtyrka Raion, Sumy Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1660.


lexentry: eng/Trostianets__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trostianets
trans_list: Trościaniec
sense:
A former miskrada of Trostianets Raion, Sumy Oblast, Ukraine, amalgamated into Trostianets urban hromada in July 2017; administrative centre and sole constituent settlement: Trostianets.


lexentry: eng/Trotskyism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trotskyism
trans_list: trockizm
sense:
The left-wing political philosophy named after and based on the ideas of Leon Trotsky that is characterized by international socialism, opposition to Stalinism, the theory of permanent revolution and the theory of the vanguard party.


lexentry: eng/Trotskyite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trotskyite
trans_list: trockista | trockistka
sense:
(derogatory) An advocate of the communist doctrines of Leon Trotsky (born Лев Дави́дович Бронште́йн / Lev Davidovich Bronstein).


lexentry: eng/Trzebiatów__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trzebiatów
trans_list: Trzebiatów
sense:
A town in the gmina of the same name in Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, established in the ninth century.


lexentry: eng/Tskhinvali__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tskhinvali
trans_list: Cchinwali
sense:
The capital city of South Ossetia, a de-facto independent country internationally recognized as part of the country of Georgia.


lexentry: eng/Tucana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tucana
trans_list: Tukan
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a toucan. It lies south of the constellations Phoenix and Grus.


lexentry: eng/Tuesday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tuesday
trans_list: wtorek
sense:
The third day of the week in many religious traditions, and the second day of the week in systems that use the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Monday and precedes Wednesday.


lexentry: eng/Turing_machine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turing machine
trans_list: maszyna Turinga
sense:
(computing theory) An abstract computing machine that has a finite number of possible internal states and operates on an infinite memory tape by first reading a symbol from a cell in the tape, and then, deterministically, based on that symbol and the machine’s state, writing a symbol in that cell, moving to a neighboring cell, and/or changing state.


lexentry: eng/Turing_test__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turing test
trans_list: test Turinga
sense:
(artificial intelligence) A test of a computer's ability to demonstrate intelligence, as measured by whether a human judge can reliably distinguish the computer from another human being by conversing with both entities in written natural language over a terminal.


lexentry: eng/Turkestan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkestan
trans_list: Turkiestan
sense:
(historical) The regions of Central Asia lying between Siberia to the north; Tibet (Xizang) and Xinjiang, China, modern-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran to the south; the Gobi Desert to the east; and the Caspian Sea to the west.


lexentry: eng/Turkey__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkey
trans_list: Turcja
sense:
A country located in Eastern Thrace in Southeastern Europe and Anatolia in West Asia. Official name: Republic of Türkiye. Capital: Ankara.


lexentry: eng/Turkification__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkification
trans_list: turkizacja
sense:
Making something more Turkic; assimilation (of a place, people etc) into a Turkic states or culture; introduction of Turks to an institution etc.


lexentry: eng/Turkish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkish
trans_list: turecki
sense:
The official language of Turkey, Republic of Cyprus (alongside Greek) and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.


lexentry: eng/Turkish_coffee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkish coffee
trans_list: kawa po turecku
sense:
Coffee prepared by boiling finely powdered roast coffee beans in a pot, possibly with sugar, and serving it into a cup, where the dregs settle.


lexentry: eng/Turkologist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkologist
trans_list: turkolog
sense:
A scholar specializing in the languages, history or cultures of Turkic peoples, including for example Turkish, Kazakh, Uzbek, Azerbaijani, Kyrgyz, Uyghur, Tuvan, Altai, Shor, and Karakalpak.


lexentry: eng/Turner_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turner syndrome
trans_list: zespół Turnera
sense:
(medicine, medical genetics) A particular genetic condition, caused by partially or completely missing an X chromosome (monosomy), that leads to sterility and other issues.


lexentry: eng/Tutankhamun__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tutankhamun
trans_list: Tutanchamon
sense:
Ancient Egyptian pharaoh known for his young age and his tomb, which was preserved intact to the modern age.


lexentry: eng/Tweedle-dee__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tweedle-dee
trans_list: Dyludyludi
sense:
A fictional little fat man who is the twin brother of Tweedle-dum and appears in multiple artistic works, including certain nursery rhymes and Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass.


lexentry: eng/Tweedle-dum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tweedle-dum
trans_list: Dyludyludam
sense:
A fictional little fat man who is the twin brother of Tweedle-dee and appears in multiple artistic works, including certain nursery rhymes and Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass.


lexentry: eng/Twelve_Days_of_Christmas__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Twelve Days of Christmas
trans_list: dwanaście dni Świąt Bożego Narodzenia
sense:
The season or time made up of the twelve days between Christmas and Epiphany; Christmas season, Christmas time, Christmastide, Twelvetide. The Christmas season traditionally ended with the feast of the Epiphany on January 6.


lexentry: eng/Twitter__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Twitter
trans_list: Twitter
sense:
(trademark) An online social networking and microblogging service; officially known as X since 2023.


lexentry: eng/TypeScript__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: TypeScript
trans_list: TypeScript
sense:
(scripting language) A scripting programming language that is a strongly-typed superset of JavaScript.


lexentry: eng/Typhon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Typhon
trans_list: Tyfon
sense:
(Greek mythology) The most powerful and feared of all Greek monsters, having the head, arms, and torso of a man, and his bottom half consisting of countless dragons or serpents. Some stories also say that his hands ended in serpents and that he bears 100 heads. He is shrouded in giant wings, his eyes blaze a white fire, and his arms reach towards the stars.


lexentry: eng/Tyre__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tyre
trans_list: Tyr
sense:
A city in Lebanon, a major port on the Levantine Sea that was a city-state in Phoenicia in antiquity and the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages.


lexentry: eng/Tyrol__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Tyrol
trans_list: Tyrol
sense:
A geographic region in Central Europe including the state of Tyrol in Austria and the regions of South Tyrol and Trentino in Italy.


lexentry: eng/Tyrrhenian_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tyrrhenian Sea
trans_list: Morze Tyrreńskie
sense:
A part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy, bounded by Corsica and Sardinia (west), Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, and Calabria (east), and Sicily (south).


lexentry: eng/Tyrtaeus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tyrtaeus
trans_list: Tyrtajos | Tyrteusz
sense:
An Ancient Greek name, particularly borne by a Greek elegiac poet who lived at Sparta about the middle of the 7th century BC.


lexentry: eng/Tübingen__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tübingen
trans_list: Tybinga
sense:
A town and rural district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, on the Neckar, with a famous university; once capital of Würtemberg-Hohenzollern


lexentry: eng/U-boat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: U-boat
trans_list: U-Boot
sense:
(military, nautical, historical) Any German submarine of the First or Second World War, or any Austro-Hungarian submarine of the First World War.


lexentry: eng/UAV__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: UAV
trans_list: bezpilotowiec | bezzałogowiec | bezzałogowy statek powietrzny | dron
sense:
(aviation) Initialism of unmanned aerial vehicle or uncrewed aerial vehicle: an aircraft with no onboard pilot, and sometimes completely unpiloted, that is capable of controlled, sustained, level flight.


lexentry: eng/UNICEF__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: UNICEF
trans_list: UNICEF
sense:
An agency of the United Nations responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide.


lexentry: eng/USSR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: USSR
trans_list: ZSRR
sense:
(historical) A former transcontinental country in Europe and Asia (1922–1991), now split into Russia and 14 other countries; the Soviet Union; in full, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.


lexentry: eng/Uberization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Uberization
trans_list: uberyzacja
sense:
(business, commerce, ize-form) The transformation of an existing industry or economy with the help of computing platforms, especially mobile applications, and temporary employment schemes.


lexentry: eng/Udi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Udi
trans_list: udyjski
sense:
A Lezgic language (Northeast Caucasian) spoken by the Udi people who live mostly in Azerbaijan and nearby regions. Probably descended from Caucasian Albanian.


lexentry: eng/Udmurtia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Udmurtia
trans_list: Udmurcja
sense:
A republic and federal subject of Russia, on a plain to the west of the Ural Mountains. Capital: Izhevsk.


lexentry: eng/Ugarit__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ugarit
trans_list: Ugarit
sense:
An ancient port city in northern Syria, discovered by accident in 1928 together with the Ugaritic texts.


lexentry: eng/Ugaritic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ugaritic
trans_list: ugarycki
sense:
The Northwest Semitic language of the ancient city of Ugarit in Syria. Extinct since 1100 B.C.E., it was written in cuneiform.


lexentry: eng/Ukraine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ukraine
trans_list: Ukraina
sense:
A country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea. Capital and largest city: Kyiv.


lexentry: eng/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
trans_list: Ukraińska Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka
sense:
(historical) The Bolshevik state of Ukraine (1919–91), a constituent republic of the Soviet Union (1922–91), member of the United Nations since 1945.


lexentry: eng/Ukrainian_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ukrainian studies
trans_list: ukrainistyka
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of Ukrainian linguistics, sociolinguistics, language and literature, along with Ukrainian history and culture.


lexentry: eng/Ulster__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ulster
trans_list: Ulster
sense:
The northern province of Ireland, made up of all six Northern Irish counties and three counties in the Republic of Ireland.


lexentry: eng/Ulyanovsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ulyanovsk
trans_list: Uljanowsk
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, on the Volga river. Birthplace of Vladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov).


lexentry: eng/Uncle_Sam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Uncle Sam
trans_list: Wuj Sam
sense:
(colloquial, originally, US) A personification of the United States federal government or (rare) citizens. [from early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Unicode__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Unicode
trans_list: Unicode
sense:
(international standards, computing) A series of character encoding standards intended to support the characters used by a large number of the world’s languages.


lexentry: eng/Union_of_South_Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Union of South Africa
trans_list: Związek Południowej Afryki
sense:
(historical) Former official name of South Africa: a country in Southern Africa; used from 1910 to 1961, when the country was a Commonwealth dominion under nominal British sovereignty.


lexentry: eng/Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
trans_list: Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich | Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich
sense:
(historical) A former transcontinental country in Europe and Asia (1922–1991), now split into Russia and 14 other countries; short form Soviet Union; abbreviation USSR.


lexentry: eng/Unitarian_Universalism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Unitarian Universalism
trans_list: uniwersalizm unitariański
sense:
A religion which encourages theological liberalism and an individual search for truth and the adherents of which draw on many different theological sources and have a wide range of beliefs and practices.


lexentry: eng/Unitarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Unitarian
trans_list: unitarianin-uniwersalista
sense:
A follower of Unitarian Universalism or a similar non-credal religion that originated historically from Christian Unitarianism.


lexentry: eng/Unitarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Unitarian
trans_list: unitarianin-uniwersalista
sense:
A member of a political movement advocating a unitary state rather than a federal one, especially the Unitarios of nineteenth century Argentina (known as the Unitarian Party in English).


lexentry: eng/Unitarianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Unitarianism
trans_list: unitarianizm
sense:
A Christian theology that God has one part, rather than the three equal parts (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) posited by Trinitarianism.


lexentry: eng/United_Kingdom__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Kingdom
trans_list: Zjednoczone Królestwo | Wielka Brytania
sense:
A kingdom and country in Northern Europe, comprising the four countries of England, Scotland and Wales on the island of Great Britain, and Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland since 1922.


lexentry: eng/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
trans_list: Zjednoczone Królestwo Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii
sense:
(historical) Former official name of the United Kingdom: a country in Northern Europe; in use from 1801–1927 (before being renamed by the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 following the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922).


lexentry: eng/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Nations Economic and Social Council
trans_list: Rada Gospodarcza i Społeczna ONZ
sense:
One of the six principal organs of the United Nations, dedicated to coordinate global economical and social affairs.


lexentry: eng/United_Nations_General_Assembly__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Nations General Assembly
trans_list: ZO ONZ | Zgromadzenie Ogólne Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych
sense:
One of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation.


lexentry: eng/United_Nations__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Nations
trans_list: Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych
sense:
(in the singular) An international coalition, founded in 1945 and headquartered in New York City, that aims to promote global co-operation and maintain international order.


lexentry: eng/United_Provinces__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: United Provinces
trans_list: Republika Zjednoczonych Prowincji
sense:
(historical) A republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795; the predecessor state of the modern Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/United_States_Virgin_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United States Virgin Islands
trans_list: Wyspy Dziewicze Stanów Zjednoczonych
sense:
An archipelago and dependent territory of the United States, part of the Virgin Islands in the Caribbean. Official name: Virgin Islands of the United States.


lexentry: eng/United_States_of_America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United States of America
trans_list: Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki | Ameryka
sense:
A country located primarily in North America, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean and consisting of fifty states (including Alaska and Hawaii) and the District of Columbia, while asserting sovereignty over several territories. Capital: Washington, D.C.. Largest city: New York City.


lexentry: eng/Unix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Unix
trans_list: Unix
sense:
(computing, informal) Any of the above plus Unix-like operating systems similar to Unix but not qualifying for use of the UNIX trademark.


lexentry: eng/Upper_Egypt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Upper Egypt
trans_list: Górny Egipt
sense:
(Egyptology) The part of Ancient Egypt south of Memphis, so named because the Nile flows south to north.


lexentry: eng/Upper_German__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Upper German
trans_list: dialekt górnoniemiecki
sense:
One of two major dialect groups of the High German language; spoken primarily in southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Alsace, and South Tyrol; distinguished from Central German / Middle German (= Mitteldeutsch) by the shifts of Proto-Germanic *-pp-, *-mp- to -pf-, -mpf-.


lexentry: eng/Upper_Silesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Upper Silesia
trans_list: Górny Śląsk
sense:
A historical region in Central Europe, the southeastern part of Silesia, today mostly within Poland with a small strip located in the Czech Republic.


lexentry: eng/Upper_South__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Upper South
trans_list: Wyższe Południe
sense:
The northern part of the South (Southern United States), typically consisting of North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, and eastern Oklahoma, sometimes also inclusive of southern Missouri, Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, eastern/southern/western Maryland, and southern Delaware.


lexentry: eng/Ural_Mountains__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ural Mountains
trans_list: Ural
sense:
A range of mountains in Russia that stretch from the Arctic to the Caspian Sea; traditionally, the border between Europe and Asia.


lexentry: eng/Uralic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Uralic
trans_list: uralski
sense:
Pertaining to the Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic peoples, whose urheimat was the Ural Mountains, or to their languages, which constitute a language family, the Uralic languages.


lexentry: eng/Uranus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Uranus
trans_list: Uranos | Uran
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek god who personified the sky and heavens and fathered the Titans. Roman counterpart: Caelus.


lexentry: eng/Urartu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Urartu
trans_list: Urartu
sense:
An Iron Age kingdom flourishing 9th-6th century BC, located in the Armenian Highland and centred in the mountainous region around Lake Van.


lexentry: eng/Urdu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Urdu
trans_list: urdu
sense:
Modern Standard Urdu, an Indo-Aryan language with native speakers mainly in Pakistan and North India. It is a standardized and Persianized version of Hindustani.


lexentry: eng/Urim_and_Thummim__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Urim and Thummim
trans_list: Urim i Tumim
sense:
Certain sacred objects (whose precise form and nature is unknown) that were worn on the breastplate of the Jewish high priest, as described in the Bible, and used in divination or casting lots. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Ursa_Major__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ursa Major
trans_list: Wielka Niedźwiedzica
sense:
(constellation) A large circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a bear. It includes the familiar asterism the Big Dipper and the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid.


lexentry: eng/Ursa_Minor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ursa Minor
trans_list: Mała Niedźwiedzica
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a bear. It includes the familiar asterism of the Little Dipper and, as part of it, the northern pole star Polaris, as well as Kochab.


lexentry: eng/Uruguay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Uruguay
trans_list: Urugwaj
sense:
A country in South America. Official name: Oriental Republic of Uruguay. Capital and largest city: Montevideo.


lexentry: eng/Usonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Usonia
trans_list: Stany Zjednoczone
sense:
The United States of America; a mononymous name for the country that does not convey the ambiguity of "America".


lexentry: eng/Uzhhorod__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Uzhhorod
trans_list: Użhorod | Użgorod
sense:
A city in the Carpathian Mountains, municipal and regional administrative centre of Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/VE_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: VE Day
trans_list: Narodowy Dzień Zwycięstwa
sense:
Initialism of Victory in Europe Day: the date 8 May 1945 when Germany unconditionally surrendered its armed forces to the Allies, bringing World War II to an end; and each anniversary commemorating that date.


lexentry: eng/Valence__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Valence
trans_list: Walencja
sense:
A city and commune, the capital of the department of Drôme, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, southeastern France.


lexentry: eng/Valhalla__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Valhalla
trans_list: Walhalla
sense:
(Norse mythology) The home of half of all warriors who died gloriously in battle as well as many of the Æsir.


lexentry: eng/Valle_d'Aosta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Valle d'Aosta
trans_list: Dolina Aosty
sense:
An autonomous region of northwestern Italy, with a significant fraction of the population speaking Franco-Provençal.


lexentry: eng/Valley_of_the_Kings__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Valley of the Kings
trans_list: Dolina Królów
sense:
(Egyptology) A valley in Egypt, on the west bank of the Nile, known for the tombs constructed there for the pharaohs.


lexentry: eng/Van_Diemen's_Land__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Van Diemen's Land
trans_list: Ziemia van Diemena
sense:
The former name (until 1856) of the then-British colony and current state of Australia now known as Tasmania.


lexentry: eng/Vandalic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vandalic
trans_list: wandalski
sense:
The extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Vandals, probably closely related to the Gothic language.


lexentry: eng/Vanir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vanir
trans_list: nawykły
sense:
The principal deities, as a group, of the Norse pantheon that represent chaos, fertility, and cultivation; opponents of the Æsir.


lexentry: eng/Vanuatu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vanuatu
trans_list: Vanuatu
sense:
A country and archipelago of Melanesia in Oceania. Official name: Republic of Vanuatu. Capital and largest city: Port Vila.


lexentry: eng/Varangian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Varangian
trans_list: odurzenie
sense:
(historical) A member of the ethnically Scandinavian people around the borders of Constantinople in the ninth and tenth centuries.


lexentry: eng/Vatican_City_State__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vatican City State
trans_list: Państwo Watykańskie
sense:
Official name of Vatican City: a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy.


lexentry: eng/Vatican_City__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vatican City
trans_list: Watykan
sense:
A city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. Official name: Vatican City State.


lexentry: eng/Veda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Veda
trans_list: Weda
sense:
(Hinduism) Any of a large body of texts originating in Ancient India. They form the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism.


lexentry: eng/Vega__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vega
trans_list: Wega
sense:
(star) The brightest star in the constellation Lyra; Alpha (α) Lyrae. It forms one corner of the Summer Triangle.


lexentry: eng/Vela__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vela
trans_list: Żagiel
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the sails of a ship. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.


lexentry: eng/Velcro__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Velcro
trans_list: rzep
sense:
A fastener consisting of two strips of fabric, one covered with minute fiber hooks and the other with tiny fiber loops, which stick strongly together but can be pulled apart.


lexentry: eng/Vendémiaire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vendémiaire
trans_list: vendémiaire
sense:
(historical) The first month of the French Republican Calendar, starting on the date of the autumnal equinox (September 22, 23 or 24) and ending on October 21, 22 or 23.


lexentry: eng/Venetian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venetian
trans_list: wenecki
sense:
Of, from or relating to the city of Venice or surrounding province, Veneto region, northeastern Italy.


lexentry: eng/Venetian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venetian
trans_list: wenecjanin | wenecjanka
sense:
A native or inhabitant of the city of Venice or surrounding province, Veneto region, northeastern Italy.


lexentry: eng/Venetian_blind__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venetian blind
trans_list: żaluzja
sense:
A blind consisting of overlapping horizontal, flat slats, usually made of metal, vinyl or wood, that can be tilted so as to let in more or less light.


lexentry: eng/Venetic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venetic
trans_list: język wenetyjski
sense:
(historical, _, linguistics) An extinct Indo-European language once spoken by the Veneti people who lived between the Po River delta in northeastern Italy and the southern Alps in Slovenia in antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Venezuela__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venezuela
trans_list: Wenezuela
sense:
A country in South America. Official name: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Capital and largest city: Caracas.


lexentry: eng/Venice__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venice
trans_list: Wenecja
sense:
A port city and comune, the capital of the Metropolitan City of Venice and the region of Veneto, Italy; former capital of an independent republic.


lexentry: eng/Venice__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Venice
trans_list: Wenecja
sense:
(historical) A former polity in Europe, a republic and colonial empire around the Adriatic and eastern Mediterranean from CE 697 to 1797 with its capital at Venice.


lexentry: eng/Venn_diagram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venn diagram
trans_list: diagram Venna
sense:
(set theory) A diagram representing some sets by contours of closed shapes, such as circles or ellipses (and sometimes also the universal set as a rectangle enclosing all of these shapes), and indicating the relationships between the sets: by overlapping the shapes to show that the corresponding sets have a non-empty intersection, and by possibly (but not necessarily) enclosing all of the sets (which are proper subsets of the universal set) within a universal set (represented typically by a rectangle); such that the total number of simply connected regions is 2^n, where n is the number of depicted sets which are proper subsets of the universal set.


lexentry: eng/Ventôse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ventôse
trans_list: ventôse
sense:
(historical) The sixth month of the French Republican Calendar, from February 19, 20 or 21 to March 20 or 21.


lexentry: eng/Venus_flytrap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venus flytrap
trans_list: muchołówka amerykańska | muchołówka
sense:
An insectivorous plant of the savannas of North and South Carolina, Dionaea muscipula; the leaves are hinged and bordered with stiff hairs, and close when an insect alights on them.


lexentry: eng/Vercingetorix__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vercingetorix
trans_list: Wercyngetoryks
sense:
72 BCE–46 BCE, the chieftain of the Arverni, leader of the great Gallic revolt against the Romans in 53–52 BCE.


lexentry: eng/Verenchanka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Verenchanka
trans_list: Werenczanka
sense:
A village, the administrative centre of Verenchanka starostynskyi okruh and Verenchanka rural hromada, Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine, first mentioned in 1589.


lexentry: eng/Verona__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Verona
trans_list: Werona
sense:
A city, the capital of the province of Verona, straddling the river Adige in Veneto, northern Italy.


lexentry: eng/Versailles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Versailles
trans_list: Wersal
sense:
A city, suburb of Paris and capital of Yvelines department, Île-de-France, and the former capital of France.


lexentry: eng/Vesta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vesta
trans_list: Westa
sense:
(Roman god) The virgin goddess of the hearth, fire, and the household, and therefore a deity of domestic life. The Roman counterpart of Hestia.


lexentry: eng/Victorian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Victorian
trans_list: wiktoriański
sense:
(figuratively) Of or displaying the (supposed) ideals or standards of morality of that period; conservative; also, old-fashioned, out-of-date.


lexentry: eng/Victory_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Victory Day
trans_list: Dzień Zwycięstwa
sense:
Any of various public holidays in various countries to commemorate victories in important battles or wars in the countries' history.


lexentry: eng/Vienne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Vienne
trans_list: Vienne
sense:
A left tributary of the Loire in southwest France, flowing through the departments of Corrèze, Creuse, Haute-Vienne, Charente, Vienne and Indre-et-Loire.


lexentry: eng/Viking__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Viking
trans_list: wiking
sense:
(historical) Scandinavian/Northern European seafarers, most familiarly raiders and pirates during the Viking age.


lexentry: eng/Virgil__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Virgil
trans_list: Wergiliusz
sense:
Pūblius Vergilius Marō (70–19 BCE), Roman epic writer from the Augustan period, best known for writing the Aeneid.


lexentry: eng/Virgin_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Virgin Islands
trans_list: wyspy Dziewicze
sense:
An archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, comprising the British Virgin Islands and the United States Virgin Islands.


lexentry: eng/Virgo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Virgo
trans_list: Panna
sense:
(zodiac constellations) : A constellation in the zodiac, imagined in the shape of a maiden, that contains the bright binary star Spica.


lexentry: eng/Virgo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Virgo
trans_list: Panna
sense:
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the virgin, ruled by Mercury, that covers August 23 – September 23 (tropical astrology) or September 16 – October 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Vishnu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vishnu
trans_list: Wisznu
sense:
(Hinduism) One of the Trimurti (trinity) in Hindu mythology, and the most venerated god in Hinduism.


lexentry: eng/Visigoth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Visigoth
trans_list: Wizygot | Wizygotka
sense:
Any member of an ancient East Germanic tribe, one branch of the Goths (the Ostrogoths being the other), which participated in several wars with Rome and established a kingdom with Toulouse for its capital.


lexentry: eng/Vladislav__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vladislav
trans_list: Władysław | Włodzisław
sense:
A transliteration of the Macedonian, Pannonian Rusyn, Russian, or Ukrainian male given name Владисла́в (Vladisláv).


lexentry: eng/Vladivostok__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vladivostok
trans_list: Władywostok
sense:
A city and seaport in the Russian Far East, on the Sea of Japan, near North Korea; the administrative centre of Primorsky Krai.


lexentry: eng/Volans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Volans
trans_list: Ryba Latająca
sense:
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a flying fish.


lexentry: eng/Volga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Volga
trans_list: Wołga
sense:
A river in Russia, the longest river in Europe, flowing 2,325 miles through western Russia to the Caspian Sea.


lexentry: eng/Volhynia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Volhynia
trans_list: Wołyń
sense:
(historical) A geographic region of Eastern Europe, now divided between southeastern Poland, northwestern Ukraine, and southwestern Belarus.


lexentry: eng/Volnovakha__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Volnovakha
trans_list: Wołnowacha
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of Volnovakha, Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Donbass, in southeastern Ukraine, seat of the eponymous municipality and district


lexentry: eng/Vuhledar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vuhledar
trans_list: Wuhłedar
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of Vuhledar urban hromada, Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1964 around the Pivdennodonbaska 1 coal mine.


lexentry: eng/Vulcan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vulcan
trans_list: Wulkan
sense:
(Roman god) The god of volcanoes and fire, especially the forge, also the patron of all craftsmen, especially blacksmiths. The Roman counterpart of Hephaestus.


lexentry: eng/Vulcan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Vulcan
trans_list: Wulkan
sense:
(astronomy, historical) A hypothetical planet proposed in the 19th century to exist in an orbit between Mercury and the Sun.


lexentry: eng/Vulcan_salute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vulcan salute
trans_list: salut wolkański
sense:
A gesture of greeting among Star Trek fans, consisting of a raised hand with the palm forward and the thumb extended, and the fingers parted between the middle finger and ring finger.


lexentry: eng/Vulgar_Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vulgar Latin
trans_list: łacina ludowa
sense:
(linguistics, historical) The Latin language as spoken by the Roman people, as opposed to Classical Latin as written in formal literature. Developed into Proto-Romance and descendant languages in the Early Middle Ages.


lexentry: eng/Vyborg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vyborg
trans_list: Wyborg
sense:
A city in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. In earlier times was part of Finland and Sweden, pop. 79,224 (as of 2002).


lexentry: eng/Võro__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Võro
trans_list: język võro
sense:
A language belonging to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages. It is sometimes considered a dialect of Estonian.


lexentry: eng/Wadden_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wadden Sea
trans_list: Morze Wattowe
sense:
A shallow and narrow sea peripheral to the North Sea, situated between the Frisian Islands and the mainland coasts of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Wade-Giles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wade-Giles
trans_list: Wade-Giles
sense:
A system for transcribing the Beijing dialect of Mandarin Chinese into the Latin alphabet; formally uses hyphens and the spiritus asper apostrophe.


lexentry: eng/Wallis_and_Futuna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wallis and Futuna
trans_list: Wallis i Futuna
sense:
An archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania. Official name: Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands.


lexentry: eng/Walloon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Walloon
trans_list: waloński
sense:
A Romance language traditionally spoken in parts of southern Belgium and a small strip of northern France (around Givet).


lexentry: eng/Walpurgis_night__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Walpurgis night
trans_list: Noc Walpurgi
sense:
Walpurgisnacht ("Walpurga's night"), a feast of witchcraft in German folklore, observed on 30 April.


lexentry: eng/Wandering_Jew__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wandering Jew
trans_list: Żyd Wieczny Tułacz
sense:
A Jewish shoemaker who, in Christian tradition, taunted Jesus Christ on the way to his (Jesus') crucifixion and for that was condemned to wander the Earth until Jesus' return (ie. the second coming).


lexentry: eng/Wanderwort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wanderwort
trans_list: Wanderwort
sense:
(linguistics) A loanword that has spread to many different languages, often through trade or the adoption of foreign cultural practices.


lexentry: eng/Waray-Waray__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Waray-Waray
trans_list: warajski
sense:
(linguistics) A central Philippine Visayan language from the islands of Samar, Biliran, and northeast Leyte.


lexentry: eng/Warsaw_Pact__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Warsaw Pact
trans_list: Układ Warszawski
sense:
(historical) A pact (long-term alliance treaty) signed on May 14, 1955 in Warsaw by the Soviet Union and its Communist military allies in Europe.


lexentry: eng/Warsaw_Uprising__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Warsaw Uprising
trans_list: powstanie warszawskie
sense:
(historical) a major World War II operation, in the summer of 1944, by the Polish underground resistance, led by the Home Army, to liberate Warsaw from German occupation.


lexentry: eng/Warwick__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Warwick
trans_list: Warwick
sense:
A town and civil parish with a town council in Warwick district, and the county town of Warwickshire, England (OS grid ref SP2865).


lexentry: eng/Washington,_D.C.__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Washington, D.C.
trans_list: Waszyngton
sense:
The capital city of the United States, formally known as the District of Columbia. Abbreviated as D.C. or DC.


lexentry: eng/Washington__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Washington
trans_list: Waszyngton
sense:
A state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Capital: Olympia. Largest city: Seattle.


lexentry: eng/Watergate__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Watergate
trans_list: Watergate
sense:
An American political scandal (beginning with a burglary in the Watergate Hotel in Washington, DC, in 1972) that eventually led to the resignation of US President Richard Nixon.


lexentry: eng/Way_of_St._James__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Way of St. James
trans_list: Szlak św. Jakuba
sense:
Any of the pilgrimage routes to the shrine of the apostle St. James the Great, in Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.


lexentry: eng/Way_of_the_Cross__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Way of the Cross
trans_list: droga krzyżowa
sense:
A series of pictures or statues depicting the Stations of the Cross, as laid out around a church, along a road etc.


lexentry: eng/Wednesday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wednesday
trans_list: środa
sense:
The fourth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the third day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Tuesday and precedes Thursday.


lexentry: eng/Weimar_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Weimar Republic
trans_list: Republika Weimarska
sense:
(history) The democratic regime of Germany from 1919 to the assumption of power by Adolf Hitler in 1933.


lexentry: eng/Weimar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Weimar
trans_list: Republika Weimarska
sense:
The period in German history from 1919 to 1933, when the nation was under a constitution drafted in the city of Weimar.


lexentry: eng/Wellington__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wellington
trans_list: Wellington
sense:
(card games) In the game of nap, a bid that results in the bidder winning quadruple, or losing double, the amount staked.


lexentry: eng/Wellington_boots__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wellington boots
trans_list: gumiaki | gumowce | kalosze
sense:
(British) Waterproof rubber boots, intended to be worn in wet or muddy conditions. Short forms: wellies (singular welly or wellie)


lexentry: eng/Weltschmerz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Weltschmerz
trans_list: Weltschmerz
sense:
An apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort with the human condition or state of the world; mal du siècle, world-weariness.


lexentry: eng/Weser__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Weser
trans_list: Wezera
sense:
A river in northwestern Germany, the longest entirely in the country, flowing north from south Lower Saxony into the North Sea.


lexentry: eng/Wessex__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wessex
trans_list: Wessex
sense:
(historical) One of the seven major Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, existing between the 6th and 9th centuries, and comprising most of England south of the Thames.


lexentry: eng/West_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Asia
trans_list: Azja Zachodnia
sense:
The westernmost geographic region of Asia, which includes Anatolia, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, the Levant, Mesopotamia, the Sinai Peninsula, and Transcaucasia.


lexentry: eng/West_Bank__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Bank
trans_list: Zachodni Brzeg | Zachodni Brzeg Jordanu | Cisjordania
sense:
A Palestinian territory on the west bank of the Jordan river, claimed by and under the partial administration of State of Palestine, and illegally occupied by Israel.


lexentry: eng/West_Flanders__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: West Flanders
trans_list: Flandria Zachodnia
sense:
The larger western part of the historic countship of Flanders, also comprising part of French Flanders (in northern France) and retaining a distinctive type of dialects


lexentry: eng/West_Flemish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Flemish
trans_list: zachodnioflamandzki
sense:
A group of Flemish dialects of the Dutch language in the western part of the historic countship of Flanders (now in Belgium and France)


lexentry: eng/West_Frisia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Frisia
trans_list: Fryzja
sense:
The traditionally Frisian areas that are located west of the Dollart (i.e. in the Netherlands), covering the province of Frisia, the Ommelanden and West Friesland.


lexentry: eng/West_Frisian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Frisian
trans_list: (język) zachodniofryzyjski | zachodniofryzyjski
sense:
A language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands; one of the Frisian languages (or language varieties).


lexentry: eng/West_Germany__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Germany
trans_list: Niemcy Zachodnie
sense:
(historical, 1949–1990) A former country in Central Europe, distinguished from the German Democratic Republic, commonly known as East Germany. Official name: Federal Republic of Germany.


lexentry: eng/West_Indiaman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Indiaman
trans_list: westindiaman
sense:
(18th and 19th century, nautical) A merchant vessel trading between Europe and the West Indies (including the Americas). Generally smaller than the similar East Indiamen.


lexentry: eng/West_Indies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: West Indies
trans_list: Indie Zachodnie
sense:
(cricket) A Federation of Caribbean states which, together with Guyana, play Test matches as if they were a single nation.


lexentry: eng/West_Slavic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Slavic
trans_list: zachodniosłowiański
sense:
A subgrouping of the Slavic language family spoken mainly in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Lusatia (a small area in Germany).


lexentry: eng/West__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West
trans_list: Dziki Zachód | Okcydent | Zachód
sense:
(US) The Western United States (sometimes excluding the West Coast), particularly (historical) in reference to the 19th century Wild West.


lexentry: eng/West__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West
trans_list: Zachód | Okcydent
sense:
The western world; i.e. Western Europe, the US and Canada (sometimes includes Latin America), and Australia and New Zealand.


lexentry: eng/Western_Australia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Western Australia
trans_list: Australia Zachodnia
sense:
A state of Australia, occupying the western third of the continent; a former British colony until 1901. Capital: Perth.


lexentry: eng/Western_Sahara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Western Sahara
trans_list: Sahara Zachodnia
sense:
A territory and former Spanish colony in North Africa, now mostly occupied by Morocco, which claims ownership over the territory.


lexentry: eng/Western_Wall__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Western Wall
trans_list: Ściana Płaczu | Mur Zachodni
sense:
(Judaism) An ancient wall on the western side of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, remnant of the Jewish Second Temple. It is the holiest site in Judaism.


lexentry: eng/Westernism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Westernism
trans_list: okcydentaliz | zapadnictwo | zapadniczestwo
sense:
(historical) An 19th-century intellectual ideology which saw Russia's development as dependent upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government.


lexentry: eng/Westernizer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Westernizer
trans_list: okcydentalista
sense:
(historical) A member of a group of 19th-century intellectuals who believed that Russia's development depended upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government.


lexentry: eng/Westminster_Abbey__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Westminster Abbey
trans_list: Opactwo Westminsterskie
sense:
A large Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral, next to the Houses of Parliament in London; the traditional place of coronation and burial of English monarchs.


lexentry: eng/Wheel_of_Fortune__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Wheel of Fortune
trans_list: koło fortuny
sense:
(tarot) A tarot card with an image of Fortuna's wheel (sense 1), generally the tenth of 22 trumps of the major arcana in most tarot decks.


lexentry: eng/Whig__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Whig
trans_list: wig
sense:
(UK politics, historic) A member of an 18th- and 19th-century political party in Britain that was opposed to the Tories, and eventually became the Liberal Party.


lexentry: eng/Whirling_Dervish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Whirling Dervish
trans_list: wirujący derwisz
sense:
A Sufi of an ascetic order, centered in Turkey but widespread internationally, whose ritual religious observances involve mystical poetry of Mevlana (Rumi), music, and a whirling dance.


lexentry: eng/White's_thrush__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: White's thrush
trans_list: drozdoń tajgowy
sense:
A thrush found mainly in eastern Asia and Siberia and rare vagrant to western Europe, of species Zoothera aurea (or formerly, sometimes of subspecies Zoothera dauma aurea).


lexentry: eng/White_Russian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: White Russian
trans_list: biały
sense:
Of or relating to Russians with tsarist or anti-Soviet sympathies in the period directly following the Revolution in 1917.


lexentry: eng/White_Russian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: White Russian
trans_list: biały
sense:
(historical) A White Guardist, a Russian who did not support the Socialists in the Revolution in 1917 and the Russian Civil War (1917–1923), and afterwards (e.g. as a White émigré).


lexentry: eng/Whitsunday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Whitsunday
trans_list: Zesłanie Ducha Świętego | Pięćdziesiątnica | Zielone Świątki | Zielone Święta
sense:
(Christianity) The Sunday on which the feast or festival of Pentecost falls, seven weeks after Easter.


lexentry: eng/Wi-Fi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wi-Fi
trans_list: bezprzewodowe połączenie internetowe | wi-fi
sense:
(networking, uncountable) Any of several standards for short-range wireless data transmission (IEEE 802.11).


lexentry: eng/Wicca__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wicca
trans_list: wicca
sense:
A neopagan religion that was first popularized by books written in 1949, 1954, and 1959 by Englishman Gerald Gardner, involving the worship of a horned male god and a moon goddess, the observance of eight Sabbats, and the performance of various rituals.


lexentry: eng/Wii__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wii
trans_list: Wii
sense:
(video games) A video game system released worldwide by Nintendo in 2006, noted for its unique motion-based control system.


lexentry: eng/WikiProject__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: WikiProject
trans_list: wikiprojekt
sense:
(WMF) A group of editors who work together on improving the coverage of a particular topic on a wiki, especially on Wikipedia.


lexentry: eng/Wikipedian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wikipedian
trans_list: wikipedysta | wikipedystka
sense:
(WMF) A person who contributes to Wikipedia, especially a regular contributor well versed in the ways of the website.


lexentry: eng/Wiktionarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wiktionarian
trans_list: wikisłownikarka | wikisłownikarz
sense:
(Wikimedia jargon) A person who contributes to Wiktionary, especially a regular contributor well versed in the ways of the site.


lexentry: eng/Wiktionary__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Wiktionary
trans_list: Wikisłownik
sense:
A particular version of this dictionary project, written in a certain language, such as the English-language Wiktionary (often known simply as the English Wiktionary).


lexentry: eng/Wild_West__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wild West
trans_list: Dziki Zachód
sense:
(historical) The western United States during the 19th-century era of settlement, commonly believed to be lawless and unruly.


lexentry: eng/Williams_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Williams syndrome
trans_list: zespół Williamsa
sense:
(medical genetics) A rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a distinctive elfin facial appearance, developmental delay coupled with strong language skills, and cardiovascular problems.


lexentry: eng/Wiltshire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wiltshire
trans_list: Wiltshire
sense:
An inland county of England bordered by Gloucestershire, Somerset, Dorset, Oxfordshire, Hampshire and Berkshire.


lexentry: eng/Windows__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Windows
trans_list: Windows
sense:
(operating systems, trademark) Microsoft Windows, an operating system with a WIMP graphical user interface that dominates the personal computer market.


lexentry: eng/Windward_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Windward Islands
trans_list: Wyspy Nawietrzne
sense:
The southern islands of the Lesser Antilles, composed of the island nations of Dominica, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Barbados, Grenada and Trinidad and Tobago.


lexentry: eng/Winnie_the_Pooh__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Winnie the Pooh
trans_list: Kubuś Puchatek
sense:
A talking bear from an English children's book series carrying the same name, noted for his sweet, simple nature, and his love of honey.


lexentry: eng/Wizard_of_Oz__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Wizard of Oz
trans_list: Czarnoksiężnik z Krainy Oz
sense:
(engineering, social science, usually, _, attributive) A person simulating the operation of a supposed intelligent device, usually in an experiment.


lexentry: eng/Woden__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Woden
trans_list: Wotan
sense:
The Germanic chief god, distributor of talents and god of wisdom and war (corresponding to Odin), especially in his Anglo-Saxon form.


lexentry: eng/Worcestershire_sauce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Worcestershire sauce
trans_list: sos Worcestershire
sense:
An English condiment made with vinegar, onions, garlic, etc.; a thin piquant sauce used as a table sauce, to flavour casseroles etc. and as an ingredient in Bloody Marys.


lexentry: eng/World_Exposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World Exposition
trans_list: wystawa światowa
sense:
Any of various large international expositions held since the mid 19th century, often called "Expo".


lexentry: eng/World_Trade_Organization__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World Trade Organization
trans_list: Światowa Organizacja Handlu
sense:
An international organization designed by its founders to supervise and liberalize international trade.


lexentry: eng/World_War_II__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World War II
trans_list: druga wojna światowa | II wojna światowa
sense:
(history) The war from 1939 to 1945 of the Allied forces, including the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, France, and China, against the Axis Powers, including Germany, Italy, and Japan.


lexentry: eng/World_War_I__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World War I
trans_list: I wojna światowa | pierwsza wojna światowa
sense:
(history) The war from 1914 to 1918 between the Entente Powers of the British Empire, Russian Empire, France, Italy, the United States and other allied nations, against the Central Powers represented by the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.


lexentry: eng/World_Wide_Web__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World Wide Web
trans_list: World Wide Web | ogólnoświatowa sieć
sense:
(Internet) Usually preceded by the: all of the hypertext documents (web pages) on the Internet collectively, which are (1) stored in various inter-hyperlinked computers around the world, and (2) retrieved typically by means of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) or (currently more often) its secure version (HTTPS), among others.


lexentry: eng/Wren_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wren Day
trans_list: Dzień Świętego Szczepana
sense:
(Ireland, Wales, Isle of Man, Newfoundland) A celebration on December 26 where people, especially boys, hunt a fake wren and parade it upon a decorated pole.


lexentry: eng/Wrocław__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wrocław
trans_list: Wrocław
sense:
A city in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Silesia, in what is now southwestern Poland. (At different points in history, the city has been part of Bohemia, Prussia, Germany, and Poland.)


lexentry: eng/Wu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Wu
trans_list: u
sense:
(historic) The kingdom ruled by the Ji family from Wuxi and then Suzhou during the Spring and Autumn period of China's Zhou dynasty.


lexentry: eng/Wu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Wu
trans_list: u
sense:
The family of Chinese languages spoken in that region, including Shanghainese and Suzhounese, the second-most spoken family after Mandarin.


lexentry: eng/Wyandot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wyandot
trans_list: fretka
sense:
A member of a Native American people, formed from the Huron confederacy, that lived in and around Ohio.


lexentry: eng/X-ray__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: X-ray
trans_list: promieniowanie rentgenowskie
sense:
Short wavelength electromagnetic radiation usually produced by bombarding a metal target in a vacuum. Used to create images of the internal structure of objects; this is possible because X-rays pass through most objects and can expose photographic film.


lexentry: eng/X-ray__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: X-ray
trans_list: prześwietlać | prześwietlić
sense:
(transitive, informal) To take a radiograph of; to obtain an image of using X-ray radiation, especially for the purpose of medical diagnostic evaluation.


lexentry: eng/XHTML__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: XHTML
trans_list: XHTML
sense:
Initialism of w:Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, a reformulation of HTML as an XML application.


lexentry: eng/XML__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: XML
trans_list: XML
sense:
(computer languages, file format) Initialism of Extensible Markup Language, a flexible text format for creating structured computer documents in machine-readable form.


lexentry: eng/Xavier__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Xavier
trans_list: Ksawery
sense:
Any of various notable people with this name as given name or surname, especially Saint Francis Xavier, a Spanish Catholic saint and missionary (1506–1552).


lexentry: eng/Xbox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Xbox
trans_list: Xbox
sense:
(video games, trademark) Any of the home consoles in Microsoft's Xbox product line, especially the original Xbox.


lexentry: eng/Xenophon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Xenophon
trans_list: Ksenofont
sense:
Athenian historian and philosopher born 427 B.C.E. and author of the Anabasis and Memorabilia. He was a pupil of Socrates and became a general during the Persian wars.


lexentry: eng/Xi'an__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Xi'an
trans_list: Xi'an
sense:
The provincial capital of Shaanxi, China; a subprovincial city in central China famed as the former capital of numerous Chinese dynasties, also known as Chang'an among other historical names.


lexentry: eng/Xinjiang__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Xinjiang
trans_list: Sinkiang
sense:
An Uyghur autonomous region of China, located in the sparsely populated northwest. Official name: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Capital: Ürümqi.


lexentry: eng/YHWH__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: YHWH
trans_list: Jahwe
sense:
Known as the "Tetragrammaton", the four Hebrew letters יהוה which are transliterated into the Latin alphabet as YHWH (also IHVH, JHVH, or YHVH). Usually vowels are added to produce the spelling Jehovah, Yehovah or Yahweh (Jahaveh, Jahve, Jahveh, Jahweh, Yahve, Yahveh, Yahwe).


lexentry: eng/YOLO__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: YOLO
trans_list: Raz kozie śmierć! | Raz się żyje!
sense:
(slang) Acronym of you only live once, i.e. expressing the view that one should make the most of the present moment.


lexentry: eng/Y_chromosome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Y chromosome
trans_list: chromosom Y
sense:
(genetics) A mammalian sex chromosome: in the XY sex-determination system, cells of females typically have a pair of X chromosomes, while cells of males typically have an X and a Y.


lexentry: eng/Yagi-Uda_antenna__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yagi-Uda antenna
trans_list: antena Yagi | antena Yagi-Uda
sense:
(radio) A type of directional antenna with one driven element and one or more parasitic elements; a directional radio or TV antenna consisting of two or more dipoles in the same plane with all dipoles parallel to each other.


lexentry: eng/Yahtzee__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yahtzee
trans_list: kości
sense:
(dice) A probability game where players amass scores depending on the values of the five dice they roll.


lexentry: eng/Yakutia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yakutia
trans_list: Jakucja
sense:
A republic and federal subject of eastern Russia. Official name: Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Capital and largest city: Yakutsk.


lexentry: eng/Yangon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yangon
trans_list: Rangun
sense:
The largest city and former capital of Myanmar; formerly, Rangoon (19th–21st c.), Dagon (16th–18th c.), and Dagoon (rare).


lexentry: eng/Yangtze__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yangtze
trans_list: Jangcy
sense:
The chief river of central China and the third longest river in the world, flowing a total of 6300 km.


lexentry: eng/Yankee__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Yankee
trans_list: Jankes | Jankeska | jankes | jankeska
sense:
(chiefly southern, _, Louisiana) An Anglo, as opposed to someone with French ancestry; a native or inhabitant of the rest of the United States.


lexentry: eng/Yazidi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yazidi
trans_list: jezyd | Jezyd | Jezydka | jezydka
sense:
member of a Kurdish-speaking people of northern Iraq, Armenia and Caucasus, whose religion is Yazidism


lexentry: eng/Yekaterinburg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yekaterinburg
trans_list: Jekaterynburg
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, the fifth-largest in the country by population.


lexentry: eng/Yellow_River__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yellow River
trans_list: Rzeka Żółta
sense:
The chief river of the North China Plain, the second-longest river in China and sixth-longest river system on Earth, historically prone to massive floods which repeatedly drastically changed its course; it passes through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces as well as Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions.


lexentry: eng/Yenisei__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yenisei
trans_list: Jenisej
sense:
A river in Russia, the longest river of Siberia. It flows from south to north into the Arctic Ocean, splitting Siberia in two parts: the Eastern Siberia and the Western Siberia.


lexentry: eng/Yevpatoria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yevpatoria
trans_list: Eupatoria
sense:
A resort city and raion in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine but de facto in Russia. It is located on the Black Sea coast.


lexentry: eng/Yezhovshchina__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yezhovshchina
trans_list: jeżowszczyzna
sense:
(historical) A period of intense political repression and mass purges in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s, particularly from 1937 to 1938.


lexentry: eng/Yggdrasil__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yggdrasil
trans_list: Yggdrasil
sense:
(Norse mythology) An immense ash tree that is central in Norse cosmology, believed to connect the nine worlds.


lexentry: eng/Yiddish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yiddish
trans_list: jidysz
sense:
A West Germanic, or more specifically High German, language that developed from Middle High German dialects, with an admixture of vocabulary from multiple source languages including Hebrew-Aramaic, Romance, Slavic, English, etc., and mostly written in Hebrew characters which is used mainly among Ashkenazic Jews from central and eastern Europe.


lexentry: eng/Yiddishland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yiddishland
trans_list: Jidyszland
sense:
A region where Yiddish is spoken; the areas of Eastern Europe or the Jewish Autonomous Oblast that had significant numbers of Jewish inhabitants.


lexentry: eng/Yom_Kippur__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yom Kippur
trans_list: Dzień Pojednania | Dzień Przebłagania | Jom Kippur | Sądny Dzień
sense:
(Judaism) A particular Jewish holiday, the day of atonement, falling on the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei.


lexentry: eng/Yorkshire_pudding__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yorkshire pudding
trans_list: Yorkshire pudding
sense:
A dish made from batter baked in fat, usually served as an accompaniment to roast beef but sometimes (in a larger form) served with other fillings or as a separate course.


lexentry: eng/Yoruba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yoruba
trans_list: joruba | yoruba
sense:
A sub-Saharan language. It belongs to the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family, and has nearly 40 million speakers in Nigeria, Benin, Togo, and Sierra Leone, as well as communities in The United States, Brazil and Cuba.


lexentry: eng/Yoruba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Yoruba
trans_list: joruba
sense:
An African traditional religion which spawned various offshoots in the Americas in the 15th to 19th centuries, including santería and Lucumí. (See Yoruba religion.)


lexentry: eng/Young_Poland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Young Poland
trans_list: Młoda Polska
sense:
(historical) The modernist period in Polish visual arts, literature, and music which lasted from the end of the 19th century to 1918.


lexentry: eng/Your_Excellency__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Your Excellency
trans_list: pan
sense:
(formal) A title of respect used when addressing heads of state other than monarchs, heads of government, governors, ambassadors, certain ecclesiastics, royalty, and others holding equivalent rank.


lexentry: eng/Your_Majesty__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Your Majesty
trans_list: Wasza Wysokość
sense:
(formal) A term of address used in direct address to a monarch of higher rank than a prince, such as a king, queen, emperor, or empress.


lexentry: eng/Yucatán__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yucatán
trans_list: Jukatan | Półwysep Jukatan
sense:
A peninsula in North America incorporating the Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche, and Quintana Roo as well as Belize and northeastern Guatemala.


lexentry: eng/Yugoslavia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yugoslavia
trans_list: Jugosławia
sense:
(historical) A former country in Southeast Europe in the Balkans, now split into 6 countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia.


lexentry: eng/Yule__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yule
trans_list: Jul
sense:
Christmastide, the Christmas season, the Twelve Days of Christmas (between December 25th and January 5th).


lexentry: eng/Yule__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Yule
trans_list: Jul
sense:
A pagan wintertime holiday celebrated by Germanic peoples, particularly the Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon peoples, or a modern reconstruction of this holiday celebrated by neo-pagans.


lexentry: eng/Yule_log__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Yule log
trans_list: bûche de Noël
sense:
A log-shaped Christmas sponge cake, covered in chocolate, traditionally from French-speaking countries.


lexentry: eng/Yuletide__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Yuletide
trans_list: okres świąt Bożego Narodzenia
sense:
(dated, or Germanic Neo-Paganism) The period of celebration of a pre-Christian festival associated with the (northern) winter solstice, later absorbed into the festival of Christmas (but sometimes recreated by modern neo-pagans).


lexentry: eng/Yup'ik__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Yup'ik
trans_list: język yupik środkowy
sense:
(linguistics) A subbranch of the Eskimo-Aleut family of languages. This is the only language family known to straddle both North America and Asia. It is centered squarely in Alaska and is thought to have migrated across to Siberia a few hundred years ago.


lexentry: eng/Yuzhne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yuzhne
trans_list: Jużne
sense:
Former name of Pivdenne: a city in Odesa Raion, Odesa Oblast, in southern Ukraine; name used before November 2024.


lexentry: eng/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
trans_list: Jużnosachalińsk
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of Sakhalin Oblast, on Sakhalin Island, in the Far East of Russia.


lexentry: eng/Zaire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zaire
trans_list: Zair
sense:
(historical) Former name of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a country in Central Africa; used from 1971–1997.


lexentry: eng/Zambezi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zambezi
trans_list: Zambezi
sense:
A river in Southern Africa, flowing south and west from Zambia through east Angola and Zambia and then east along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe into and through central Mozambique to the Indian Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Zaozerne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Zaozerne
trans_list: Zaozerne
sense:
A village in Holovne settlement hromada, Kovel Raion, Volyn Oblast, Ukraine, already well established by 1906.


lexentry: eng/Zaporizhzhia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zaporizhzhia
trans_list: Zaporoże
sense:
An industrial city and urban hromada, the administrative center of Zaporizhzhia Raion and Zaporizhzhia Oblast, in south-central Ukraine, on the Dnipro River.


lexentry: eng/Zaporizhzhia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Zaporizhzhia
trans_list: Obwód zaporoski
sense:
An oblast in southeast Ukraine, also illicitly claimed by Russia. Administrative center: Zaporizhzhia.


lexentry: eng/Zechariah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Zechariah
trans_list: Zachariasz
sense:
(biblical character) A Hebrew prophet traditionally considered the author of the Book of Zechariah, the eleventh of the Twelve Minor Prophets.


lexentry: eng/Zeelandic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zeelandic
trans_list: dialekt zelandzki
sense:
A regional language similar to Dutch, spoken in the Dutch province of Zeeland and on the South Holland island of Goeree-Overflakkee.


lexentry: eng/Zen__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zen
trans_list: zen
sense:
(religion) A school of Mahayana Buddhism characterized by sudden enlightenment achieved by indirect means and principally associated with China and Japan.


lexentry: eng/Zephyrus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zephyrus
trans_list: Zefir
sense:
(Greek god) The Ancient Greek god of the west wind, supposed to be the gentlest of the winds and the messenger of spring. His parents are Eos/Aurora and Astraeus, and his brothers are Boreas, Notus and Eurus, (the Anemoi), and the Astra Planeta. His wife is Chloris and their son is Karpos. His Roman counterpart is Favonius.


lexentry: eng/Zeppelin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zeppelin
trans_list: sterowiec
sense:
(aviation) A type of large dirigible rigid airship of the early 20th century, built by the German Luftschiffbau Zeppelin and designed to carry passengers or bombs.


lexentry: eng/Zhuyin_fuhao__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zhuyin fuhao
trans_list: zhuyin fuhao
sense:
A phonetic alphabet used to transcribe Mandarin for students of that language and for inputting Chinese, now used primarily only in Taiwan. Variants also exist for other Chinese lects spoken in Taiwan.


lexentry: eng/Zhvanets__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zhvanets
trans_list: Żwaniec
sense:
A village, the administrative centre of Zhvanets rural hromada, Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine, first mentioned in 1431.


lexentry: eng/Zimbabwe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zimbabwe
trans_list: Zimbabwe
sense:
A country in Southern Africa. Official name: Republic of Zimbabwe. Formerly called Southern Rhodesia or Rhodesia.


lexentry: eng/Zion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zion
trans_list: Syjon
sense:
(biblical) A hill in Jerusalem, Israel, on which ancient Jerusalem was partly built; a centrepiece to Biblical accounts of old days and future eschatological events.


lexentry: eng/Zionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zionism
trans_list: syjonizm
sense:
(politics) Jewish nationalism, the movement which supported first the establishment of a Jewish homeland and now supports the continuation of a Jewish state in the region of Palestine.


lexentry: eng/Zmiivka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zmiivka
trans_list: Zmijiwka
sense:
A village in Beryslav urban hromada, Beryslav Raion, Kherson Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1804 but incorporating an older settlement (Verbivka) founded in 1782.


lexentry: eng/Zmiyovka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zmiyovka
trans_list: Zmijowka
sense:
An urban-type settlement and urban settlement, the administrative centre of Sverdlovsky Raion, Oryol Oblast, Central Federal District, Russia, first mentioned in 1868.


lexentry: eng/Zoroaster__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zoroaster
trans_list: Zoroaster | Zaratustra | Zaratusztra
sense:
An ancient Iranian prophet after whom the indigenous Iranian ethnic religion, Zoroastrianism, is named, also venerated in Mithraism.


lexentry: eng/Zouave__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zouave
trans_list: żuaw
sense:
(military, historical) One of a body of soldiers in the French service, originally Kabyle, but now composed of Frenchmen who wear the Kabyle dress.


lexentry: eng/Zulu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zulu
trans_list: Zulus | Zuluska
sense:
A member of an African ethnic group living mainly in the KwaZulu-Natal Province in eastern South Africa.


lexentry: eng/a.m.__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a.m.
trans_list: przed południem
sense:
(used after the hour) In the 12-hour period from midnight to noon (the first half of the day) when using the 12-hour clock.


lexentry: eng/a_bad_penny_always_turns_up__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a bad penny always turns up
trans_list: diabeł nie śpi | licho nie śpi | złe nie śpi
sense:
A person or thing which is unpleasant, dishonorable, or unwanted tends to appear (or reappear), especially at inopportune times.


lexentry: eng/a_bird_in_the_hand_is_worth_two_in_the_bush__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A sure thing is preferable to the mere chance at something more. [15th c.]
written_rep: a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
trans_list:
lepszy wróbel w garści niż gołąb na dachu | lepszy wróbel w ręku niż cietrzew na sęku | lepszy wróbel w ręku niż sokół na sęku


lexentry: eng/a_blessing_and_a_curse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a blessing and a curse
trans_list: miecz obosieczny
sense:
Something that is simultaneously a benefit and a burden, or that may seem initially beneficial but also brings unforeseen negative consequences.


lexentry: eng/a_few__Determiner__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a few
trans_list: kilka | kilku | niewiele | niewielu
sense:
A small number of (a set of countable items); more than one but not very many; especially, more than two but not very many (explained in usage note at several).


lexentry: eng/a_hit_dog_will_holler__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a hit dog will holler
trans_list: uderz w stół, a nożyce się odezwą
sense:
(US) An offended or defensive response to a statement suggests that the statement applies to the person complaining.


lexentry: eng/a_little_bird_told_me__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a little bird told me
trans_list: ptaszki o tym ćwierkają
sense:
(idiomatic, chiefly, humorous) I received the information from a source which I am not prepared to disclose.


lexentry: eng/a_stitch_in_time_saves_nine__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a stitch in time saves nine
trans_list: lepiej zapobiegać niż leczyć
sense:
A little effort expended sooner to fix a small problem prevents it from becoming a larger problem requiring more effort to fix later.


lexentry: eng/a_stopped_clock_is_right_twice_a_day__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a stopped clock is right twice a day
trans_list: trafiło się ślepej kurze ziarno
sense:
A normally unreliable person or instrument can occasionally provide correct information, even if only by accident.


lexentry: eng/a_watched_pot_never_boils__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a watched pot never boils
trans_list: czekającemu czas się dłuży
sense:
A process appears to proceed more slowly if one waits for it rather than engaging in other activities.


lexentry: eng/a_woman_without_a_man_is_like_a_fish_without_a_bicycle__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle
trans_list: kobieta tak potrzebuje mężczyzny, jak ryba potrzebuje roweru
sense:
(figuratively, humorous, simile) A woman is capable of living a complete and independent life without a man. [from 1970]


lexentry: eng/aardvark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aardvark
trans_list: mrównik | prosię ziemne
sense:
The nocturnal, insectivorous, burrowing, mammal Orycteropus afer, of the order Tubulidentata, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/aardwolf__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aardwolf
trans_list: protel | protel grzywiasty
sense:
A nocturnal, insectivorous mammal, Proteles cristatus, of southern and eastern Africa, related to and resembling the hyena. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/ab_initio__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ab initio
trans_list: początek
sense:
(legal) From the time when a law, legal right or decree, contract, ownership interest, partnership (etc.) comes into force. [Early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/ab_wheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ab wheel
trans_list: kółko wałek
sense:
A piece of exercise equipment designed to be gripped in one or both hands and torqued in the course of sagittally abducting the pronated shoulders with the core resisting flexion and extension.


lexentry: eng/aba__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aba
trans_list: abaja
sense:
A loose-fitting sleeveless garment, made from aba or silk, worn by Arabs. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abaca__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abaca
trans_list: banan manilski
sense:
(uncountable) The fiber of this plant, used in rope, fibers, and cloth. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abacist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abacist
trans_list: abacysta
sense:
One who uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/aback__Adverb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: aback
trans_list: bieg wsteczny | z tyłu
sense:
(nautical) Backward against the mast; said of the sails when pressed by the wind from the "wrong" (forward) side, or of a ship when its sails are set that way. [First attested in the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abactor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abactor
trans_list: złodziej bydła
sense:
(legal, archaic) One who steals and drives away cattle or beasts by herds or droves; a cattle rustler.


lexentry: eng/abacus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abacus
trans_list: liczydło | abakus | abak
sense:
(historical, obsolete) A table or tray scattered with sand which was used for calculating or drawing. [attested from c. 1387]


lexentry: eng/abacus__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abacus
trans_list: liczydło | abakus | abak
sense:
A device used for performing arithmetical calculations; (rare) a table on which loose counters are placed, or (more commonly) an instrument with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units, the next tens, etc. [from late 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abacus__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abacus
trans_list: abakus | liczydło
sense:
(architecture) The uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave, in some cases a flat oblong or square slab, in others more decorated. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abaft__Preposition__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abaft
trans_list: za
sense:
(nautical) Behind; toward the stern relative to some other object or position; aft of. [First attested around the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abalone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abalone
trans_list: słuchotka | ucho morskie
sense:
(North America, Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore) An edible univalve mollusc of the genus Haliotis, having a shell lined with mother-of-pearl. [mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abandon
trans_list: porzucić | porzucać
sense:
(transitive) To give up or relinquish control of, to surrender or to give oneself over, or to yield to one's emotions. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abandon
trans_list: opuścić | opuszczać | wyrzec się | wyrzekać się
sense:
(transitive) To desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to; to turn away from; to permit to lapse; to renounce; to discontinue. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abandon
trans_list: wyrzec się | wyrzekać się
sense:
(transitive) To leave behind; to desert, as in a ship, a position, or a person, typically in response to overwhelming odds or impending dangers; to forsake, in spite of a duty or responsibility. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abandon
trans_list: wyganiać | wygonić
sense:
(transitive, obsolete) To cast out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abandoned__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abandoned
trans_list: opuszczony
sense:
No longer maintained by its former owners, residents, or caretakers; forsaken, deserted. [Late 15th century]


lexentry: eng/abandonment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abandonment
trans_list: abandon
sense:
The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment. [Late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abandonware__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abandonware
trans_list: abandonware
sense:
(software, chiefly, _, video games) A software product that is no longer updated or maintained, or whose copyright is no longer defended or which is no longer marketed even by the company who made it.


lexentry: eng/abase__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abase
trans_list: korzyć
sense:
(transitive) To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate. [from c. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/abash__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abash
trans_list: speszyć | zawstydzać
sense:
(transitive) To make ashamed; to embarrass; to destroy the self-possession of, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to disconcert; to discomfit. [First attested from around (1150 to 1350).]


lexentry: eng/abatacept__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abatacept
trans_list: abatacept
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A fusion protein composed of an immunoglobulin fused to the extracellular domain of CTLA-4, a molecule capable of binding B7, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.


lexentry: eng/abate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abate
trans_list: dedukować
sense:
Chiefly followed by from, of, etc.: to omit or remove (a part from a whole); to deduct, to subtract. [15th–19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abate
trans_list: eliminować
sense:
(chiefly, historical) Of a writ or other legal document: to become null and void; to cease to have effect. [from late 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/abatement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abatement
trans_list: redukcja
sense:
The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; a moderation; removal or putting an end to; the suppression. [First attested from 1340 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abatement__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abatement
trans_list: redukcja
sense:
An amount abated; that which is taken away by way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount allowed; in particular from a tax. [Late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abatement__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: abatement
trans_list: poniżenie
sense:
(heraldry) A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon; any figure added to the coat of arms tending to lower the dignity or station of the bearer. [Early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abatis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abatis
trans_list: zasiek
sense:
A means of defense formed by felled trees, or sometimes by bent trees, the ends of whose branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy, and more recently fortified with barbed wire. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abax
trans_list: liczydło
sense:
An ancient counting board containing grooves in which counters were placed; a forerunner of the abacus.


lexentry: eng/abaxial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abaxial
trans_list: odosiowy
sense:
(botany, zoology) Of a side that is facing away from the axis or central line, such as the underside of a leaf, or the back of an animal. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abbacy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abbacy
trans_list: opactwo
sense:
The dignity, estate, term, or jurisdiction of an abbot or abbess. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abbess__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abbess
trans_list: opatka | przeorysza | ksieni
sense:
A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. [First attested around 1150 to 1350]


lexentry: eng/abbey__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abbey
trans_list: opactwo
sense:
A monastery or society of people, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy, which is headed by an abbot or abbess; also, the monastic building or buildings. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abbreviate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abbreviate
trans_list: skracać | skrócić
sense:
(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abbreviation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abbreviation
trans_list: skrót | skrócenie | skrótowiec
sense:
(linguistics) A shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase used to represent the whole, using omission of letters, and sometimes substitution of letters, or duplication of initial letters to signify plurality, including signs such as +, =, @. [Late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abbreviation__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abbreviation
trans_list: abrewiatura
sense:
(music) One or more dashes through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, demisemiquavers, or hemidemisemiquavers.


lexentry: eng/abbreviature__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abbreviature
trans_list: skrót
sense:
A shortened form of a word or phrase, used in place of the whole; an abbreviation. [since the mid 17th century]


lexentry: eng/abciximab__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abciximab
trans_list: abciksimab
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A powerful anticlotting drug (trademark ReoPro) that inhibits platelet aggregation by binding to a glycoprotein receptor on human platelets and that consists of the Fab fragment from a chimeric monoclonal antibody prepared from humans and mice.


lexentry: eng/abdicate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abdicate
trans_list: abdykować
sense:
(transitive, obsolete) To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to disinherit. [mid 16th – early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdicate__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abdicate
trans_list: abdykować
sense:
(transitive) To surrender, renounce or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; to fail to fulfill responsibility for. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdicate__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: abdicate
trans_list: abdykować
sense:
(intransitive) To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity; to renounce sovereignty. [First attested in the early 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdication__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abdication
trans_list: abdykacja
sense:
The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abdomen__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abdomen
trans_list: abdomen | odwłok
sense:
(zoology, entomology) The posterior section of the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other Arthropoda. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdominal_cavity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abdominal cavity
trans_list: jama brzuszna
sense:
(anatomy) The hollow portion of the torso within the abdomen, containing the abdominal organs, in mammals below the diaphragm.


lexentry: eng/abdominoplasty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abdominoplasty
trans_list: abdominoplastyka
sense:
(surgery, uncountable) The surgical removal of excess flesh from the abdomen, usually for cosmetic reasons.


lexentry: eng/abduct__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abduct
trans_list: uprowadzać | uprowadzić
sense:
(transitive) To take away by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually with violence or deception; to kidnap. [Early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abduction__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abduction
trans_list: abdukcja
sense:
(anatomy) The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; the movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body. [from mid-17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abduction__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abduction
trans_list: abdukcja
sense:
(logic) A syllogism or form of argument in which the major premise is evident, but the minor is only probable. [from late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abductor__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abductor
trans_list: abduktor | mięsień odwodziciel | mięsień odwodzący | odwodziciel
sense:
(anatomy) A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or from the median line of the body [early 17th century]


lexentry: eng/abecedary__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abecedary
trans_list: alfabet
sense:
One that teaches or learns the alphabet or the fundamentals of any subject; abecedarian. [from late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/abelian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abelian
trans_list: abelowa | przemienna
sense:
(mathematics) Of an algebraic structure (usually a group or algebra), having a commutative defining operation. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aberrance
trans_list: odstępstwo
sense:
State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude. [Mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aberrant
trans_list: nienormalny
sense:
Differing from the norm. [First attested sometime between the mid 16th century and the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aberrant
trans_list: nienormalny
sense:
(sometimes, figuratively) Straying from the right way; deviating from morality or truth. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aberrant
trans_list: dziwaczny
sense:
(botany, zoology) Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional; abnormal. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aberration
trans_list: aberracja
sense:
(optics) The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; a defect in a focusing mechanism that prevents the intended focal point. [Mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aberration
trans_list: aberracja
sense:
(astronomy) A small periodical change of the apparent positions of the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer. [Mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: aberration
trans_list: aberracja
sense:
(zoology, botany) Atypical development or structure; deviation from the normal type; an aberrant organ. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abessive_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abessive case
trans_list: abessivus
sense:
(grammatical case) A grammatical case used to express the lack or absence of something. It has the meaning of the English preposition without or the affix -less.


lexentry: eng/abet__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abet
trans_list: właczyć
sense:
(transitive, crime) To incite; to assist or encourage by aid or countenance in crime. [ca. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/abet__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abet
trans_list: umożliwiać
sense:
(transitive) To support, countenance, maintain, uphold, or aid (any good cause, opinion, or action). [late 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abetalipoproteinemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abetalipoproteinemia
trans_list: abetalipoproteinemia
sense:
(disease) A rare autosomal recessive disorder that interferes with the normal absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins from food.


lexentry: eng/abettor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abettor
trans_list: wspólnik
sense:
One that abets an offender; one that incites; instigates; encourages. [First attested from 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abeyance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abeyance
trans_list: wakacje
sense:
(legal) Expectancy; a condition when an ownership of real property is undetermined; lapse in succession of ownership of estate, or title. [Late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/abhor__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abhor
trans_list: czuć odrazę | nie cierpieć
sense:
(transitive) To regard (someone or something) as horrifying or detestable; to feel great repugnance toward. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abhorrence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abhorrence
trans_list: odraza
sense:
(uncountable, countable) Extreme aversion or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike or loathing. [Mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abide__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: abide
trans_list: mieszkać
sense:
(intransitive, archaic, Scotland) To stay; to continue in a place; to remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to be left. [from ca. 1150—1350]


lexentry: eng/abide__Verb__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: abide
trans_list: mieszkać
sense:
(transitive, obsolete) To endure or undergo a hard trial or a task; to stand up under. [from ca. 1150—1350 to early 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abide__Verb__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: abide
trans_list: mieszkać
sense:
(transitive, archaic) To await submissively; accept without question; submit to. [from ca. 1350—1470]


lexentry: eng/abide_by__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abide by
trans_list: stosować się
sense:
(transitive) To accept (a decision or law) and act in accordance with it; to conform to (a decision or law); to acquiesce to (a decision or law).


lexentry: eng/abietic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abietic acid
trans_list: kwas abietynowy
sense:
(carboxylic acid) A yellowish resin acid isolated from rosin and used in varnishes and esters for plasticizers; C19H29COOH.


lexentry: eng/abietin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abietin
trans_list: abietyna
sense:
(organic chemistry) A resin obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether.


lexentry: eng/ability__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ability
trans_list: zdolność
sense:
(uncountable) The quality or state of being able; capacity to do or of doing something; having the necessary power. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abiogenesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abiogenesis
trans_list: abiogeneza | samorództwo | archigonia
sense:
(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents. [from 1870]


lexentry: eng/abiology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abiology
trans_list: abiologia
sense:
(science) The sciences, such as geology and astronomy, that collectively deal with inorganic or lifeless bodies.


lexentry: eng/abject__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abject
trans_list: gorzki
sense:
Existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state; contemptible, despicable, miserable. [from early 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/abject__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abject
trans_list: mizerny
sense:
Of a person: cast down in hope or spirit; showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation; also, grovelling; ingratiating; servile. [from mid 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/abject__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abject
trans_list: parias
sense:
A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; an oppressed person; an outcast; also, such people as a class. [from early 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abjuration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abjuration
trans_list: abiuracja
sense:
A solemn recantation or renunciation on oath; as, an abjuration of heresy. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abjure__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abjure
trans_list: wyrzec się | wyrzekać się
sense:
To solemnly reject (someone or something); to abandon (someone or something) forever; to disavow, to disclaim, to repudiate. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/ablactation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablactation
trans_list: ablaktacja
sense:
The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young animals from their dam. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/ablation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ablation
trans_list: ablacja
sense:
(surgery) The surgical removal of a body part, an organ, or especially a tumor; the removal of an organ function; amputation. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/ablation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ablation
trans_list: ablacja
sense:
(sciences) The progressive removal of material by any of a variety of processes such as melting or vaporization under heat or chipping. [Mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/ablative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablative
trans_list: ablatywny
sense:
(grammar) Applied to one of the cases of the noun in some languages, the fundamental meaning of the case being removal, separation, or taking away, and to a lesser degree, instrument, place, accordance, specifications, price, or measurement. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/ablative_absolute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablative absolute
trans_list: ablativus absolutus
sense:
(grammar) A construction in Latin and other sister languages in which an independent phrase with a noun in the ablative case has a participle, adjective, or noun, expressed or implied, which agrees with it in gender, number and case – both words forming a clause grammatically unconnected with the rest of the sentence.


lexentry: eng/ablative_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablative case
trans_list: ablatyw | pochodnik
sense:
(grammar) A noun case used in some languages to indicate movement away from something, removal, separation. In English grammar, it corresponds roughly to the use in English of prepositions "of", "from", "away from", and "concerning". In Latin grammar, the ablative case (cāsus ablātīvus) includes functions derived from the Indo-European ablative, instrumental, comitative, associative and locative cases; these cases express concepts similar to those of the English prepositions "of"/"from", "by", "with", "to"/"with", and "at"/"in", respectively. Here/hence/hither, there/thence/thither, and where/whence/whither are the only English words with separate forms for the ablative (motion away from) and lative (motion towards) cases.


lexentry: eng/ablaut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablaut
trans_list: przegłos | alternacja | apofonia
sense:
(phonology) The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation, distinct from the phonetic influence of a succeeding vowel. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/able-bodied_seaman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: able-bodied seaman
trans_list: mat
sense:
(nautical) A seaman, especially one in the merchant navy, who has been trained or certified in all routine duties; a member of the Royal Navy rated between ordinary seaman and leading seaman or boatswain's mate.


lexentry: eng/able__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: able
trans_list: mieć możliwość | móc | potrafić
sense:
Free from constraints preventing completion of task; permitted to; not prevented from. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/able__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: able
trans_list: zdolny | umiejętny | zręczny
sense:
Gifted with skill, intelligence, knowledge, or competence. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/ablegate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablegate
trans_list: ablegat
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) A representative of the pope charged with important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of office.


lexentry: eng/ableism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ableism
trans_list: handicapizm | ableizm
sense:
(uncountable) Discrimination against people with disabilities in favor of those without. [from late 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/ablenationalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablenationalism
trans_list: ablenacjonalizm
sense:
The attitude that considers the qualifications of citizenship to be such that people with disabilities are exceptions. [from 2010]


lexentry: eng/abloom__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abloom
trans_list: w kwiatach
sense:
(postpositive) In or into bloom; in a blooming state; having flower blooms unfolding. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/ablution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablution
trans_list: ablucja | obmycie
sense:
The act of washing or cleansing the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite. [From mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnegate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abnegate
trans_list: wyrzec się
sense:
(transitive) To deny (oneself something); to renounce or give up (a right, a power, a claim, a privilege, a convenience). [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abnormal
trans_list: nienormalny | anormalny
sense:
Not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type. [First attested around the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abnormal
trans_list: nienormalny | anormalny
sense:
Of or pertaining to that which is irregular, in particular, behaviour that deviates from norms of social propriety or accepted standards of mental health. [First attested around the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abnormality
trans_list: anormalność | nienormalność
sense:
The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormality__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abnormality
trans_list: anormalność | nienormalność
sense:
Something abnormal; an aberration; an abnormal occurrence or feature. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormally__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abnormally
trans_list: anormalnie | nienormalnie
sense:
In an abnormal manner; in a way that deviates from a standard, norm, or average. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abode__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abode
trans_list: miejsce zamieszkania | postój | sadyba | siedziba
sense:
(dated, or, legal) Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn. [Attested from (1350 to 1470) to the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abolition__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abolition
trans_list: abolicja
sense:
(historical, often capitalised, UK, US) The ending of the slave trade or of slavery. [First attested around the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abolitionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abolitionism
trans_list: abolicjonizm
sense:
Support for the abolition of something; the tenets of abolitionists. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abolitionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abolitionist
trans_list: abolicjonista | abolicjonistka
sense:
A person favoring or advocating for the abolition of any particular institution or practice. [since the late 18th century]


lexentry: eng/abomasum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abomasum
trans_list: trawieniec
sense:
(biology, food) The fourth digestive compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminant, after the omasum;the lining of said compartment, considered as a foodstuff.


lexentry: eng/abominable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abominable
trans_list: ohydny | niegodziwy | odrażający | plugawy
sense:
Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable. [first attested around 1150 to 1350]


lexentry: eng/abominate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abominate
trans_list: brzydzić
sense:
(transitive) To feel disgust towards; to loathe or detest thoroughly; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious dread. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abonnement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abonnement
trans_list: abonament
sense:
A subscription or season ticket in a French-speaking country or another country where abonnement is the local term. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aboriginal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aboriginal
trans_list: aborygeński
sense:
First according to historical or scientific records; original; indigenous; primitive. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/aborigine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aborigine
trans_list: aborygen | autochton | krajowiec | tubylec
sense:
A native inhabitant of a country; a member of the original people. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aborning__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aborning
trans_list: w powijakach
sense:
(chiefly, North America) That is in the process of being born; coming into existence; before coming to completion. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abortifacient__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abortifacient
trans_list: daremny
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug or an agent that induces an abortion. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abortion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abortion
trans_list: aborcja | abort
sense:
(medicine) The expulsion from the womb of a foetus or embryo before it is fully developed, with loss of the foetus.[from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abortion__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abortion
trans_list: aborcja | abort
sense:
(biology) Arrest of development of any organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is absorbed. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abortionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abortionist
trans_list: aborcjonista | aborcjonistka | aborter
sense:
(now, sometimes, offensive) A person who performs abortions, especially illegally or secretly. [from 1844]


lexentry: eng/abound__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abound
trans_list: roić się
sense:
(intransitive) To be present or available in large numbers or quantities; to be plentiful. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/about__Adverb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: about
trans_list: około | niemal | prawie
sense:
Nearly; approximately; with close correspondence in quality, manner, degree, quantity, or time; almost. [from before 1150]


lexentry: eng/about__Adverb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: about
trans_list: wstecz
sense:
To a reversed order, direction, or condition; half round; in (or to, or from) the opposite direction. [from ca. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/about__Preposition__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: about
trans_list: ponad
sense:
Over or upon different parts of; through or over in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in; throughout. [from ca. 1150–1350]


lexentry: eng/about__Preposition__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: about
trans_list: przy
sense:
Within or in the immediate neighborhood of; in contiguity or proximity to; near, as to place. [from ca. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/about_to__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: about to
trans_list: właśnie | zaraz
sense:
(idiomatic, with infinitive verb) Indicates something that will happen very soon; indicates action that is imminent; ready to; went to


lexentry: eng/above__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: above
trans_list: powyższy
sense:
(by ellipsis) Being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page. [first attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/above__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: above
trans_list: powyżej
sense:
Higher in the same page; earlier in the order as far as writing products go. [first attested before 1150.]


lexentry: eng/abracadabra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abracadabra
trans_list: abrakadabra
sense:
A use of the mystical term ‘abracadabra’, supposed to work as part of a healing charm or a magical spell; any spell or incantation making use of the word. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abrasion
trans_list: abrazja
sense:
The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abrasion
trans_list: abrazja
sense:
(geology) The effect of mechanical erosion of rock, especially a river bed, by rock fragments scratching and scraping it. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abrasion
trans_list: przetarcie | abrazja
sense:
(medicine) A superficial wound caused by scraping; an area of skin where the cells on the surface have been scraped or worn away. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion_platform__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abrasion platform
trans_list: platforma abrazyjna
sense:
(geology) A sloping or nearly flat bedrock surface extending out from the foot of a marine cliff under shallow water of a breaker (wave) zone, that was created by marine abrasion.


lexentry: eng/abrasive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abrasive
trans_list: szorstki
sense:
Being rough and coarse in manner or disposition; overly aggressive and causing irritation. [First attested in 1925.]


lexentry: eng/abrasive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abrasive
trans_list: ścierny
sense:
A hard inorganic substance or material consisting in powder or granule form such as sandpaper, pumice, or emery, used for cleaning, smoothing, or polishing. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abreact__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abreact
trans_list: odreagować
sense:
(transitive, psychoanalysis) To eliminate previously repressed emotions by reliving past experiences. [First attested in the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abreaction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abreaction
trans_list: abreakcja
sense:
(psychoanalysis) The re-living of an experience with a view to purging its emotional dross. [First attested in the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abridge__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abridge
trans_list: skracać
sense:
(transitive) To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense. [First attested in 1384] [First attested around 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/abridgment__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abridgment
trans_list: wyjście
sense:
(US) An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened or abridged form; an abbreviation. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abrogate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abrogate
trans_list: abrogować
sense:
(transitive, law) To annul (as a law, decree, ordinance, etc.) by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or their successor; to repeal.[First attested in the early 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrupt__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abrupt
trans_list: nagłe
sense:
Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abruptly__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abruptly
trans_list: nagle | bezceremonialnie | improwizując | raptem
sense:
In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly; precipitously. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscess__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abscess
trans_list: ropień | absces
sense:
(pathology) A cavity caused by tissue destruction, usually because of infection, filled with pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscise__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abscise
trans_list: chudnąć
sense:
(intransitive, botany) To separate by means of abscission; to shed or drop off. [First attested in the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscissa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abscissa
trans_list: odcięta | abscysa
sense:
(geometry) The first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes. [First attested in the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abseil__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abseil
trans_list: obchodzić
sense:
(intransitive) To descend a steep or vertical drop using a rope with a mechanical friction device or (classic abseil) by wrapping the rope around the body; to rappel. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/absence__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absence
trans_list: absencja | nieobecność
sense:
Failure to be present where one is expected, wanted, or needed; nonattendance; deficiency. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absence_of_mind__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absence of mind
trans_list: nieobecność
sense:
A state or the quality of being absent-minded (abstracted, preoccupied). [First attested in the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absent-minded__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absent-minded
trans_list: roztargniony
sense:
Absent in mind; often preoccupied; forgetful or careless due to distraction; easily distracted. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absent-mindedness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absent-mindedness
trans_list: roztargnienie
sense:
The characteristic or state of being easily distracted or preoccupied. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absent
trans_list: nieobecny
sense:
(not comparable) Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; existing but not present; (sometimes) missing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absent
trans_list: nieobecny
sense:
(comparable) Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied. [First attested in the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absentee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absentee
trans_list: nieobecny
sense:
(law) A person who is absent from their residence and usual environment, and has not been seen or heard from for some period of time, so that it is unknown whether they are still alive, for the purpose of civil law dealing with the management of property etc. in such cases.


lexentry: eng/absentee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absentee
trans_list: nieobecny
sense:
A person who is absent from his or her employment, school, post, duty, etc. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absenteeism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absenteeism
trans_list: absencja
sense:
The state of being absent, especially frequently or without good reason; the practice of an absentee. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absinthe__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absinthe
trans_list: absynt | piołunówka | zielona wróżka
sense:
A distilled, highly alcoholic, anise-flavored liquor originally made from grande wormwood, anise, and other herbs. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/absinthin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absinthin
trans_list: absyntyna
sense:
(organic compound) The principal compound found in wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), having a bitter taste: C15H20O4


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolutny | bezwarunkowy | bezwzględny
sense:
Free of restrictions, limitations, qualifications or conditions; unconditional. [first attested in the late 1400s]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolutny
sense:
Free from imperfection, perfect, complete; especially, perfectly embodying a quality in its essential characteristics or to its highest degree. [first attested around 1400]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolutny
sense:
(especially, philosophy) Fundamental, ultimate, intrinsic; not relative; independent of references or relations to other things or standards. [first attested in the late 1700s]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: bezwzględny
sense:
(grammar) Not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence; not in a syntactical relation with other parts of a text, or qualifying the text as a whole rather than any single word in it, like "it being over" in "it being over, she left". [first attested around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolut
sense:
(philosophy, usually capitalized, usually preceded by "the") A realm which exists without reference to anything else; that which can be imagined purely by itself; absolute ego.


lexentry: eng/absolute__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolut
sense:
(chemistry) A concentrated natural flower oil, used for perfumes; an alcoholic extract of a concrete.


lexentry: eng/absolute_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute music
trans_list: muzyka absolutna
sense:
Instrumental music having an intellectual and affective content, which depends solely on its rhythmic, melodic, and contrapuntal structure.


lexentry: eng/absolute_pitch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute pitch
trans_list: słuch absolutny
sense:
(music, countable, or, uncountable) The exact pitch of a note as established by its rate of vibration based on a standard scale.


lexentry: eng/absolute_value__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute value
trans_list: wartość bezwzględna
sense:
(mathematics) For a complex number a+bi, the principal square root of the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary parts, \sqrt{a^2+b^2}. Denoted by vertical bars | \, |.


lexentry: eng/absolute_zero__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute zero
trans_list: zero bezwzględne | zero absolutne
sense:
(physics) The coldest possible temperature, equivalent to zero on the Kelvin scale, or approximately −273.15 °C, −459.67 °F; a total absence of heat; the temperature at which the motion of all molecules would cease. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absoluteness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absoluteness
trans_list: absolutność
sense:
(obsolete) The fact of being finished or perfected; completeness. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absoluteness__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: absoluteness
trans_list: absolutność
sense:
The fact of being without qualifications or conditions; certainty, unconditionality. [First attested in the 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolution
trans_list: absolucja | rozgrzeszenie
sense:
(ecclesiastical) An absolving of sins from ecclesiastical penalties by an authority. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/absolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: absolution
trans_list: absolucja | rozgrzeszenie
sense:
An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty; forgiveness of an offense. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: absolution
trans_list: absolucja | rozgrzeszenie
sense:
(civil, _, legal, obsolete) An acquittal, or sentence of a judge declaring an accused person innocent. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolutism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absolutism
trans_list: absolutyzm
sense:
(political science, sociology) The principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; Synonym of despotism. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolutism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absolutism
trans_list: absolutyzm
sense:
(philosophy) Belief in a metaphysical absolute; belief in Absolute. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolutist__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absolutist
trans_list: absolutysta | absolutystka
sense:
(metaphysics) One who believes that it is possible to realize a cognition or concept of the Absolute. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/absolutive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolutive
trans_list: absolutywny
sense:
(grammar) Of or pertaining to the grammatical case prototypically used to indicate the sole argument of an intransitive verb, and the more patientive argument of a transitive verb.


lexentry: eng/absolutive_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolutive case
trans_list: absolutyw
sense:
(grammatical case) case used to indicate the patient or experiencer of a verb’s action. The absolutive case is used to mark the subject of an intransitive verb, as well as the object of a transitive verb (inasmuch as they are codified in the English nominative-accusative system). Some languages that employ the absolutive case include Abkhaz, Basque, Chechen, Dyirbal, Hindi, Inuktitut, Hiligaynon, and Yup'ik.


lexentry: eng/absolve__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absolve
trans_list: absolwować | rozgrzeszać | rozgrzeszyć
sense:
(transitive) To pronounce free from or give absolution for a penalty, blame, or guilt. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorb__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorb
trans_list: absorbować | pochłaniać | wchłaniać | zaabsorbować | chłonąć | pochłonąć
sense:
(transitive) To include so that it no longer has separate existence; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to incorporate; to assimilate; to take in and use up. [first attested c. 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absorbed__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absorbed
trans_list: pochłonięty
sense:
That has been taken in, engulfed, imbibed, or assimilated. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorbency__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absorbency
trans_list: absorbancja
sense:
(physics) The ratio of the absorbance or optical density of a substance to that of a similar body of pure solvent.


lexentry: eng/absorbent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorbent
trans_list: absorbujący | absorpcyjny | chłonny | pochłanający | wchłanający
sense:
Having the ability or tendency to absorb; able to soak up liquid easily; absorptive. [First attested in the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorber
trans_list: absorbent | absorber | pochłaniacz
sense:
A device which causes gas or vapor to be absorbed by a liquid. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorptiometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorptiometer
trans_list: absorpcjometr
sense:
An instrument that computes the absorption rate by measuring the pressure of the gas; a colorimeter for liquids. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorption__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorption
trans_list: absorpcja
sense:
(physical chemistry, physics) the imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action, of radiant energy; the process of being neutrons being absorbed by the nucleus; interception. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorption__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorption
trans_list: przyswajanie | absorpcja
sense:
(physiology) in living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs; taking in by various means, such as by osmosis. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorptive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorptive
trans_list: absorbujący | chłonny | pochłanający | wchłanający
sense:
Having power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe; absorbent. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstain__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abstain
trans_list: powstrzymać | powstrzymywać | wstrzymać | wstrzymywać
sense:
(intransitive) Refrain from (something or doing something); keep from doing, especially an indulgence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstainer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstainer
trans_list: abstynent | abstynentka
sense:
One who abstains; especially, one who abstains from something, such as the use of alcohol or drugs, or one who abstains for religious reasons; one who practices self-denial. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstemious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstemious
trans_list: powściągliwy
sense:
Refraining from freely consuming food or strong drink; sparing in diet; abstinent, temperate. [From early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abstention__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstention
trans_list: abstynencja
sense:
(obsolete) The act of restraining oneself. [Attested from the early 16th century until the med 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstinence
trans_list: abstynencja
sense:
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating/alcoholic beverages; total abstinence; teetotalism). [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstinence
trans_list: wstrzemięźliwość | abstynencja
sense:
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from sexual intercourse, either permanently or until marriage. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstinence
trans_list: abstynencja | wstrzemięźliwość
sense:
The act or practice of abstaining, refraining from indulging a desire or appetite. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abstinent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstinent
trans_list: wstrzemięźliwy
sense:
Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence of appetite. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Adjective__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: abstract
trans_list: abstrakcyjny
sense:
(arts, often, capitalized) Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20th century. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract
trans_list: odciągać | odciągnąć
sense:
(transitive, euphemistic) To steal; to take away; to remove without permission. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract
trans_list: abstrahować | odciągać | odciągnąć | wyabstrahować
sense:
To conceptualize an ideal subgroup by means of the generalization of an attribute, as follows: by apprehending an attribute inherent to one individual, then separating that attribute and contemplating it by itself, then conceiving of that attribute as a general quality, then despecifying that conceived quality with respect to several or many individuals, and by then ideating a group composed of those individuals perceived to possess said quality.


lexentry: eng/abstract_algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract algebra
trans_list: algebra abstrakcyjna
sense:
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics concerned with algebraic structures, such as groups, rings, and fields.


lexentry: eng/abstract_analytic_number_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract analytic number theory
trans_list: abstrakcyjna analityczna teoria liczb
sense:
(number theory) A branch of number theory in which suitable ideas and techniques from analytic number theory are generalised and applied to a variety of mathematical fields.


lexentry: eng/abstract_art__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract art
trans_list: abstrakcjonizm
sense:
Art that does not depict objects in the natural world, but instead uses color and form in a non-representational way.


lexentry: eng/abstract_factory_pattern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract factory pattern
trans_list: fabryka abstrakcyjna
sense:
(software, object-oriented) A creational design pattern that decouples the object creation by providing a group of individual factories by defining an abstract factory class.


lexentry: eng/abstract_harmonic_analysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract harmonic analysis
trans_list: abstrakcyjna analiza harmoniczna
sense:
(harmonic analysis, representation theory, topology) A branch of harmonic analysis dealing with generalised Fourier transforms that act on functions defined on Hausdorff locally compact topological groups.


lexentry: eng/abstract_method__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract method
trans_list: metoda abstrakcyjna
sense:
(object-oriented) A method of an abstract class that has no implementation in that class and must therefore be implemented by all subtyping classes.


lexentry: eng/abstract_verb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract verb
trans_list: czasownik abstrakcyjny
sense:
(grammar) Of Slavic languages, a verb of motion whose motion is multidirectional (as opposed to unidirectional) or indirect, or whose action is repeated or in a series (iterative), instead of being a single completed action; always imperfective in aspect, even with prefixes that are normally associated with the perfective aspect (eg. Polish przybiegać).


lexentry: eng/abstracted__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abstracted
trans_list: pochłonięty
sense:
Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind; meditative. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abstraction
trans_list: abstrakcja
sense:
The act of focusing on one characteristic of an object rather than the object as a whole group of characteristics; the act of separating said qualities from the object or ideas. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: abstraction
trans_list: abstrakcja
sense:
The act of comparing commonality between distinct objects and organizing using those similarities; the act of generalizing characteristics; the product of said generalization. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstractionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstractionism
trans_list: abstrakcjonizm
sense:
The creation, principles, or ideals of abstractions, in particular art. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstractive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstractive
trans_list: abstrakcyjny
sense:
Having an abstracting nature or tendency; tending to separate; tending to be withdrawn. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurd__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absurd
trans_list: absurdalny | niedorzeczny | bezsensowny
sense:
Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and flatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; silly. [from mid-16th c.]


lexentry: eng/absurdism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absurdism
trans_list: absurdyzm
sense:
(uncountable, philosophy) A philosophy which holds that the universe is chaotic and irrational and that any attempt to impose order will ultimately fail. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurdist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absurdist
trans_list: absurdalista | absurdysta
sense:
An advocate of absurdism, in particular a writer of absurd topics. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurdity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absurdity
trans_list: absurd | bezsens
sense:
(countable) That which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurdity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absurdity
trans_list: absurdalność | bezsensowność | niedorzeczność
sense:
(uncountable) The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. [First attested in the early 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abulia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abulia
trans_list: abulia
sense:
(psychiatry) Absence of willpower or decisiveness, especially as a symptom of mental illness. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abundance__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abundance
trans_list: obfitość
sense:
An overflowing fullness or ample sufficiency; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; plentifulness. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abundance__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abundance
trans_list: częstotliwość
sense:
Frequency, amount, ratio of something within a given environment or sample. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abundance__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abundance
trans_list: abundance
sense:
(card games) A bid to take nine or more tricks in solo whist. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abundant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abundant
trans_list: obfity
sense:
Fully sufficient; found in copious supply; in great quantity; overflowing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abundant_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abundant number
trans_list: liczba nadmiarowa | liczba nadmierna
sense:
(number theory) A number that is less than the sum of its proper divisors (all divisors except the number itself).


lexentry: eng/abundantly__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abundantly
trans_list: obficie
sense:
In an abundant manner; in a sufficient degree; in large measure. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abuse
trans_list: nadużycie | molestowanie
sense:
Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom. [from around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abuse
trans_list: obraza | zniewaga
sense:
Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies. [from mid-16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abuse
trans_list: gwałcić | maltretować | nadużywać | nadużyć | obrazić | obrażać
sense:
(transitive) To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to use improperly; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert [from around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abuse
trans_list: obrazić | obrażać | znieważać | znieważyć
sense:
(transitive) To attack with coarse language; to insult; to revile; malign; to speak in an offensive manner to or about someone; to disparage. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abuse
trans_list: nadużywać | nadużyć
sense:
(transitive) To imbibe a drug for a purpose other than it was intended; to intentionally take more of a drug than was prescribed for recreational reasons; to take illegal drugs habitually. [from mid-20th c.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abuse
trans_list: gwałcić | zgwałcić
sense:
(transitive, archaic) To violate; defile; to rape; (reflexive) to masturbate. [from around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/abusiveness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abusiveness
trans_list: abuzywność
sense:
The quality of being abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abut__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abut
trans_list: graniczyć | przylegać
sense:
(intransitive) To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land) [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abutilon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abutilon
trans_list: abutilon | klonik | zaślaz
sense:
Any of the various tropical flowering plants of the genus Abutilon, such as the flowering maple, Indian mallow, or Chinese lantern. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abutment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abutment
trans_list: przyczółek
sense:
(engineering, architecture) The solid portion of a structure that supports the lateral pressure of an arch or vault. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abuttal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abuttal
trans_list: granica
sense:
(rare, pluralonly) The butting or boundary of land, particularly at the end; buttals. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abyss__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abyss
trans_list: przepaść | otchłań | czeluść
sense:
Hell; the bottomless pit; primeval chaos; a confined subterranean ocean. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abyss__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abyss
trans_list: przepaść | otchłań
sense:
(frequently, figurative) A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable; any void space. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abyssal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abyssal
trans_list: abisalny | abysalny | głębokomorski | głębokowodny
sense:
(geography) Of or belonging to the ocean depths, especially below 2000 metres (6500 ft): abyssal zone. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abyssal_zone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abyssal zone
trans_list: abisal | abysal | strefa abisalna | strefa głębinowa | strefa abysalna
sense:
(geography) The oceanic realm consisting of the deep ocean, typified by a dearth of plant life, and plentiful carnivorous animals that are able to withstand extreme pressure.


lexentry: eng/academia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: academia
trans_list: akademia
sense:
(collective) The scientific and cultural community engaged in higher education and research, taken as a whole. [from 1956]


lexentry: eng/academian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academian
trans_list: akademiczka
sense:
(obsolete) A member of an academy, university, or college. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/academic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academic
trans_list: akademicki
sense:
Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning, or a scholarly society or organization. [from late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/academic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: academic
trans_list: akademicki
sense:
In particular: relating to literary, classical, or artistic studies like the humanities, rather than to technical or vocational studies like engineering or welding.


lexentry: eng/academic__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academic
trans_list: akademik | akademiczka
sense:
A senior member of an academy, college, or university; a person who attends an academy; a person engaged in scholarly pursuits; one who is academic in practice. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academic_institution__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academic institution
trans_list: szkoła wyższa
sense:
An educational institution, dedicated to higher education and research, that grants academic degrees.


lexentry: eng/academical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academical
trans_list: akademicki
sense:
Pertaining to a university or other form of higher education. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academically__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: academically
trans_list: akademicko
sense:
In an academic style or way; from an academic perspective. [First attested in the late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/academician__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academician
trans_list: akademiczka | akademik
sense:
A member or follower of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or literature, such as the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of Arts. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: academy
trans_list: akademia
sense:
An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university; typically a private school. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: academy
trans_list: akademia
sense:
A school or place of training in which some special art is taught. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: academy
trans_list: akademia
sense:
A society of learned people united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: academy
trans_list: akademia
sense:
(obsolete) The knowledge disseminated in an Academy. [Attested from the early 17th century until the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: academy
trans_list: akademia
sense:
(UK, education) A school directly funded by central government, independent of local control; a charter school.


lexentry: eng/acalculia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acalculia
trans_list: akalkulia
sense:
(pathology) The condition of lacking basic mathematical skills caused by a brain injury, or more specifically an injury to the parietal lobe. [First attested in the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/acanthite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acanthite
trans_list: argentyt
sense:
(mineral) A mineral form of silver sulfide, Ag2S, that is a major ore of silver, that forms slender prisms.


lexentry: eng/acanthus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acanthus
trans_list: akant
sense:
A member of the genus Acanthus of herbaceous prickly plants with toothed leaves, (family Acanthaceae, order Lamiales (formerly Scrophulariales)) found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India. [from mid 16th century]


lexentry: eng/acanthus__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acanthus
trans_list: akant
sense:
(architectural element) An ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of Acanthus spinosus, used in the capitals of the Corinthian and composite orders. [from mid 18th century]


lexentry: eng/acarus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acarus
trans_list: kleszcz
sense:
(zoology, acarology) Any member of the subclass Acari (aka Acarina): thus, a mite or a tick; specifically, any mite of the genus Acarus.


lexentry: eng/accede__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accede
trans_list: przystawać | przystać | przystąpić | przyłączać się | przyłączyć się | wstąpić
sense:
(intransitive, now, _, rare) To give one's adhesion; to join up with (a group, etc.); to become part of. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/accede__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accede
trans_list: obejmować | objąć
sense:
(intransitive) To come to an office, state or dignity; to attain, assume (a position). [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/accelerant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accelerant
trans_list: paliwo
sense:
In the context of fire protection, a substance that accelerates the development of a fire, especially some hydrocarbon-based fuel used to spread a fire caused by arson.


lexentry: eng/acceleration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acceleration
trans_list: przyspieszenie | akceleracja
sense:
(uncountable) The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; as opposed to retardation or deceleration.


lexentry: eng/acceleration__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acceleration
trans_list: przyspieszenie
sense:
(countable) The amount by which a speed or velocity increases (and so a scalar quantity or a vector quantity).


lexentry: eng/acceleration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: acceleration
trans_list: przyspieszenie | akceleracja
sense:
(physics) The change of velocity with respect to time (can include deceleration or changing direction).


lexentry: eng/acceleration_lane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acceleration lane
trans_list: pas do przyspieszania
sense:
A lane that allows traffic entering a highway to accelerate to the speed of through traffic before merging with it.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accent
trans_list: akcent
sense:
(orthography) A mark or character used in writing, in order to indicate the place of the spoken accent, or to indicate the nature or quality of the vowel marked.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: accent
trans_list: akcent
sense:
(linguistics, sociolinguistics) The distinctive manner of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, social group, etc., whether of a native speaker or a foreign speaker; the phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: accent
trans_list: akcent
sense:
(sign languages) A distinctive manner of producing a sign language, such as someone who does not normally use a certain sign language might have when using it.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: accent
trans_list: akcent
sense:
(music) A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more feebly, the third part of the measure.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: accent
trans_list: akcent
sense:
(music) A mark used to represent this special emphasis.The third and fourth symbols are accents (marks used to represent special emphasis in music).


lexentry: eng/accentuate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accentuate
trans_list: akcentować | podkreślać | uwypuklać | podkreślić | uwydatniać | uwydatnić
sense:
(transitive) To bring out distinctly; to make more noticeable or prominent; to emphasize. [from 1865]


lexentry: eng/acceptance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acceptance
trans_list: akceptacja | przyjęcie
sense:
(uncountable) The act of accepting; the receiving of something offered, with acquiescence, approbation, or satisfaction; especially, favourable reception; approval.


lexentry: eng/acceptance__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: acceptance
trans_list: akcept | akceptacja
sense:
(business, finance) An assent and engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance; the bill of exchange itself when accepted.


lexentry: eng/acceptilation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acceptilation
trans_list: akceptylacja | umorzenie
sense:
(civil law) Gratuitous discharge; a release from debt or obligation without payment; free remission.


lexentry: eng/access__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: access
trans_list: dostęp | akces | akcesja
sense:
(uncountable) The right or ability of approaching or entering; admittance; admission; accessibility.


lexentry: eng/access__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: access
trans_list: dostęp
sense:
(uncountable, networking) Connection to or communication with a computer program or to the Internet.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory
trans_list: akcesoryczny | akcesoryjny
sense:
Having a secondary, supplementary or subordinate function by accompanying as a subordinate; aiding in a secondary way; being additional; contributing or being contributory. [from 1550s]


lexentry: eng/accessory__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accessory
trans_list: pomocnictwo
sense:
(legal) Assisting a crime without actually participating in committing the crime itself; being connected as an incident or subordinate to a principal.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory
trans_list: akcesoria | akcesorium | dodatek | dodatki
sense:
Something that belongs to part of another main thing; something additional and subordinate, an attachment.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accessory
trans_list: współsprawca
sense:
(legal) A person who is not present at a crime, but contributes to it as an assistant or instigator. [from 1414]


lexentry: eng/accessory_after_the_fact__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory after the fact
trans_list: popleczniczka | poplecznik
sense:
(legal) An individual who assists someone who has committed a crime so as to protect them from legal prosecution.


lexentry: eng/accessory_fruit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory fruit
trans_list: owoc pozorny
sense:
(botany) A fruit which includes tissue not derived from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue, as for instance, a strawberry.


lexentry: eng/accessory_mineral__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory mineral
trans_list: minerał akcesoryczny
sense:
(mineral) any mineral that is present in small amounts in a rock, but is not considered to be characteristic of the rock


lexentry: eng/accident__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accident
trans_list: wypadek
sense:
An unexpected event with negative consequences occurring without the intention of the one suffering the consequences, and (in the strict sense) not directly caused by humans.


lexentry: eng/accident__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accident
trans_list: wypadek
sense:
(transportation) A collision or crash of a vehicle, aircraft, or other form of transportation that causes damage to the transportation involved; and sometimes injury or death to the transportation's occupants or bystanders in close proximity. (but see Usage notes)


lexentry: eng/accidental__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accidental
trans_list: przypadkowy
sense:
Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according to the usual course of things; by accident, unintentional. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/accidental_gap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accidental gap
trans_list: lakuna
sense:
(linguistics) A potential word, word sense, morpheme, or other form that does not exist in some language despite the fact that it would be permissible by the grammatical rules of that language.


lexentry: eng/accidie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accidie
trans_list: lenistwo
sense:
(now, literary) Sloth, slothfulness, especially as inducing general listlessness and apathy. [from 13th c.]


lexentry: eng/acclimatize__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acclimatize
trans_list: aklimatyzować | aklimatyzować się | zaaklimatyzować | zaaklimatyzować się
sense:
(transitive) To make used to a new climate or one that is different from that which is natural; to inure or habituate to other circumstances; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate.


lexentry: eng/acclivity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acclivity
trans_list: pochyłość
sense:
(geomorphology) A slope or inclination of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as ascending, in opposition to declivity, or descending; an upward slope; ascent.


lexentry: eng/accommodate__Verb__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: accommodate
trans_list: akomodować
sense:
(transitive) To show the correspondence of; to apply or make suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental circumstances, statements to facts, etc.


lexentry: eng/accommodation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accommodation
trans_list: zakwaterowanie
sense:
(chiefly, British, usually, a mass noun) Lodging in a dwelling or similar living quarters afforded to travellers in hotels or on cruise ships, or prisoners, etc.


lexentry: eng/accommodation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accommodation
trans_list: akomodacja | przystosowanie
sense:
(countable, uncountable, followed by to) The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment.


lexentry: eng/accommodation__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: accommodation
trans_list: akomodacja
sense:
(linguistics, sociolinguistics) Modification(s) to make one's way of communicating similar to others involved in a conversation or discourse.


lexentry: eng/accompaniment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accompaniment
trans_list: akompaniament
sense:
(music) A part, usually performed by instruments, that gives support or adds to the background in music, or adds for ornamentation; also, the harmony of a figured bass.


lexentry: eng/accompaniment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accompaniment
trans_list: akompaniament
sense:
That which accompanies; something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of ornament, or for the sake of symmetry.


lexentry: eng/accompany__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accompany
trans_list: towarzyszyć | asystować
sense:
(transitive) To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with.


lexentry: eng/accomplice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accomplice
trans_list: współsprawca | wspólnik | wspólniczka | współsprawczyni
sense:
(legal) An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory.


lexentry: eng/accordion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accordion
trans_list: akordeon | harmonia ręczna
sense:
A box-shaped musical instrument played by compressing or expanding its bellows while pressing its buttons or its keys, causing pallets to open, which allow air to flow across strips of brass or steel (reeds).


lexentry: eng/account__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: account
trans_list: konto | relacja
sense:
(accounting) A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review. [from c. 1300]


lexentry: eng/account__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: account
trans_list: konto | rachunek
sense:
A statement in general of reasons, causes, grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; a reason of an action to be done.


lexentry: eng/account_for__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: account for
trans_list: wyjaśniać
sense:
(transitive) To explain by relating circumstances; to show that some one, thing or members of a group are present or have been processed.


lexentry: eng/account_manager__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: account manager
trans_list: opiekun klienta
sense:
(business) A person who is in charge of sales to one or more named customers or to a specified segment of the market, especially in B2B marketing; supposedly refers to a somewhat more responsible job than the term salesman.


lexentry: eng/accountability__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accountability
trans_list: odpowiedzialność | rozliczalność
sense:
The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to render an account or give an explanation; liability to be held responsible or answerable for something.


lexentry: eng/accountancy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accountancy
trans_list: rachunkowość
sense:
(uncountable, British, NZ, often, _, Philippines, accounting) The function of compiling and providing financial information primarily by reports referred to as financial statements, including bookkeeping, systems design, analysis and interpretation of accounting information.


lexentry: eng/accountant__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accountant
trans_list: księgowy | księgowa
sense:
(accounting) One whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another. The records are usually, but not always, financial records.


lexentry: eng/accounting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accounting
trans_list: rachunkowość | księgowość
sense:
(business) The development and use of a system for recording and analyzing the financial transactions and financial status of an individual or a business.


lexentry: eng/accounts_payable__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accounts payable
trans_list: należności | zobowiązania
sense:
The total amount of money that is owed by a customer to its suppliers of goods and services and is counted by the customer as a current unpaid debt.


lexentry: eng/accounts_receivable__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accounts receivable
trans_list: należność
sense:
(accounting) The total monetary amount owed to a financial entity due to debts arising from sales on credit or on account.


lexentry: eng/accredit__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accredit
trans_list: akredytować
sense:
(transitive) To send with letters credential, as an ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a messenger or delegate.


lexentry: eng/accreditation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accreditation
trans_list: akredytacja
sense:
(education) The granting of approval to an institution of higher learning by an official review board after the school has met certain requirements.


lexentry: eng/accretion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accretion
trans_list: akrecja | przyrost
sense:
(uncountable) (Gradual) increase by an external addition of matter; (countable) an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/accretion__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accretion
trans_list: akrecja
sense:
(astrophysics) The formation of planets, stars, and other celestial bodies by the aggregating of matter drawn together by gravity; also, the growth of a celestial body through this process.


lexentry: eng/accretion__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accretion
trans_list: akrecja
sense:
(uncountable) The process of separate particles aggregating or coalescing together; concretion; (countable) a thing formed in this manner.


lexentry: eng/accretion_disk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accretion disk
trans_list: dysk akrecyjny
sense:
(astrophysics) A structure formed by matter falling into a gravitational source such as a galaxy, black hole, or protostar.


lexentry: eng/accrual__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accrual
trans_list: atak
sense:
An increase; something that accumulates, especially an amount of money that periodically accumulates for a specific purpose


lexentry: eng/acculturation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acculturation
trans_list: akulturacja
sense:
A process by which a person acquires the culture of the society that they inhabit, starting at birth.


lexentry: eng/accumulate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accumulate
trans_list: akumulować | zakumulować
sense:
(transitive) To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together (either literally or figuratively), often gradually and without active intent.


lexentry: eng/accumulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: accumulation
trans_list: akumulacja
sense:
(finance) The action of investors buying an asset from other investors when the price of the asset is low.


lexentry: eng/accumulation_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accumulation point
trans_list: punkt skupienia
sense:
(topology, "of" a subset of a topological space) Given a subset S of a topological space X, a point x whose every neighborhood contains at least one point distinct from x that belongs to S.


lexentry: eng/accumulation_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accumulation point
trans_list: punkt skupienia
sense:
(analysis, "of" a sequence) Given a sequence si, a point x whose every neighborhood contains at least one element of the sequence distinct from x.


lexentry: eng/accumulation_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accumulation point
trans_list: punkt skupienia
sense:
(systems theory, dynamical systems, chaos theory) For certain maps, a point beyond which periodic orbits give way to chaotic ones.


lexentry: eng/accumulator__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: accumulator
trans_list: akumulator
sense:
(programming) A register or variable used for holding the intermediate results of a computation or data transfer.


lexentry: eng/accusative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accusative
trans_list: biernikowy | biernik
sense:
(grammar) Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin, Lithuanian and Greek nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive verb has its limited influence. Other parts of speech, including secondary or predicate direct objects, will also influence a sentence’s construction. In German the case used for direct objects.


lexentry: eng/accustom__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accustom
trans_list: przyzwyczaić | przyzwyczajać
sense:
(transitive, often, passive, or, reflexive, with to) To make familiar by use; to cause to accept; to habituate, familiarize, or inure.


lexentry: eng/ace__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ace
trans_list: as
sense:
(card games) A playing card showing a single pip, typically the highest or lowest ranking card in a game.


lexentry: eng/ace__Noun__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: ace
trans_list: as
sense:
A military aircraft pilot who is credited with shooting down many enemy aircraft, typically five or more.


lexentry: eng/acenaphthene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acenaphthene
trans_list: acenaften
sense:
(organic compound) A hydrocarbon, found in coal tar, derived from naphthalene by the addition of a short aliphatic bridge.


lexentry: eng/acephalous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: acephalous
trans_list: akefaliczny
sense:
(prosody) Deficient in the beginning, as a line of poetry that is missing its expected opening syllable.


lexentry: eng/acetaldehyde__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetaldehyde
trans_list: acetaldehyd | aldehyd octowy
sense:
(organic compound) A colourless organic compound, CH3CHO, occurring widely in nature and being produced on a large scale in industry.


lexentry: eng/acetaminophen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetaminophen
trans_list: paracetamol | acetaminofen | apap | tylenol
sense:
(North America) A white crystalline compound used in medicine as an anodyne to relieve pain and reduce fever.


lexentry: eng/acetanilide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetanilide
trans_list: acetanilid | antyfebryna
sense:
(organic chemistry, pharmaceutical drug) the amide derived from acetic acid and aniline; once used medicinally as an analgesic and antipyretic


lexentry: eng/acetarsol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetarsol
trans_list: acetarsol
sense:
(organic compound, medicine) The compound (3-acetamido-4-hydroxyphenyl)arsonic acid sometimes used as an antiinfective against the parasite protozoan Entamoeba histolytica


lexentry: eng/acetic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetic acid
trans_list: kwas octowy
sense:
(carboxylic acid, fatty acid) A clear colourless organic acid, CH3COOH, formed by the bacterial oxidation of ethanol through acetic fermentation; it is used as a solvent and has very many industrial applications; it is the major acidic component of vinegar.


lexentry: eng/acetoacetic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetoacetic acid
trans_list: kwas acetylooctowy
sense:
(carboxylic acid) The ketonic carboxylic acid CH3-CO-CH2-COOH, that is present in the urine of people suffering from starvation or some forms of diabetes.


lexentry: eng/acetoin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetoin
trans_list: acetoina | acetylometylokarbinol
sense:
(organic compound) The compound 3-hydroxybutanone CH3-CO-CH(OH)-CH3 that is one of the constituents of the flavour of butter


lexentry: eng/acetonemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetonemia
trans_list: acetonemia
sense:
(veterinary medicine) Presence of excessive levels of acetone in blood, sometimes occurring in cows during the first weeks after giving birth to a calf.


lexentry: eng/acetophenone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetophenone
trans_list: acetofenon | acetylobenzen | fenylometyloketon | metylofenyloketon
sense:
(organic compound) The aromatic ketone phenyl methyl ketone, used in the manufacture of very many organic compounds


lexentry: eng/acetylation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetylation
trans_list: acetylowanie | acetylacja
sense:
(organic chemistry) The reaction of a substance with acetic acid or one of its derivatives; the introduction of one or more acetyl groups into a substance.


lexentry: eng/acetylcholine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetylcholine
trans_list: acetylocholina
sense:
(neurotransmitter) A neurotransmitter in humans and other animals. It is an ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH3COOCH2CH2N+(CH3)3.


lexentry: eng/acetylcholinesterase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetylcholinesterase
trans_list: acetylocholinoesteraza
sense:
(enzyme) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.


lexentry: eng/acetylcysteine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetylcysteine
trans_list: acetylocysteina
sense:
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) An acetylated form of the amino acid cysteine (trademark Mucomyst), which is an antioxidant used as a mucolytic agent and in the treatment of paracetamol poisoning.


lexentry: eng/acetylene__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acetylene
trans_list: acetylen
sense:
(organic compound, uncountable) Ethyne; the simplest alkyne, a hydrocarbon of formula HC≡CH. It is a colourless, odourless, extremely flammable, explosive gas, formerly used as an illuminating gas, but now used in welding and metallurgy.


lexentry: eng/acetylenic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetylenic
trans_list: acetylenowy
sense:
(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to acetylene or its derivatives; having a carbon-to-carbon triple bond


lexentry: eng/acetylglucosamine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetylglucosamine
trans_list: acetyloglikozamina
sense:
(biochemistry) An amide derivative of glucose that forms part of the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls


lexentry: eng/acetylsalicylic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetylsalicylic
trans_list: acetylosalicylowy
sense:
(organic chemistry) Describing any derivative of salicylic acid in which the phenolic hydroxyl has been acetylated.


lexentry: eng/ache__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ache
trans_list: boleć
sense:
(intransitive, stative) To suffer pain; to be the source of, or be in, pain, especially continued dull pain; to be distressed.


lexentry: eng/acheiropoieton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acheiropoieton
trans_list: acheiropita
sense:
(chiefly, Eastern Orthodoxy) A religion icon (chiefly of Christ or the Virgin Mary) believed not to have been created by human hands; a miraculous image.


lexentry: eng/achieve__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: achieve
trans_list: osiągnąć | osiągać
sense:
(transitive) To obtain, or gain (a desired result, objective etc.), as the result of exertion; to succeed in gaining; to win. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/achromatopsia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: achromatopsia
trans_list: achromatopsja | achromatyzm
sense:
Total color blindness; the total inability to distinguish colors due to the absence of cone cells in the eyes.


lexentry: eng/acid_jazz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acid jazz
trans_list: acid jazz
sense:
(music genre, jazz) A genre of popular music combining jazz with elements of soul music, funk and disco.


lexentry: eng/acid_rain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acid rain
trans_list: kwaśny deszcz
sense:
Rain which is unusually acidic (pH of less than the natural range of 5 to 6); caused mainly by atmospheric pollution with sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen compounds.


lexentry: eng/acidaemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acidaemia
trans_list: acydemia | acydoza | kwasica
sense:
(medicine) a medical condition marked by an abnormally high concentration of hydrogen ions in a person's blood


lexentry: eng/acidic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acidic
trans_list: kwasowy
sense:
(chemistry) Having a pH less than 7, or being sour, or having the strength to neutralize alkalis, or turning a litmus paper red.


lexentry: eng/acidimetry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acidimetry
trans_list: acydymetria
sense:
(chemistry) The measurement of the strength of acids, especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a certain definite weight of reagent is required.


lexentry: eng/acinus__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: acinus
trans_list: płatek
sense:
(anatomy) One of the granular masses which constitute a racemose or compound gland, as the pancreas; also, one of the saccular recesses in the lobules of a racemose gland.


lexentry: eng/acknowledge__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acknowledge
trans_list: przyznawać | przyznać
sense:
(transitive) To admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to declare one's belief in.


lexentry: eng/acknowledge__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acknowledge
trans_list: uznawać | uznać
sense:
(transitive) To own or recognize in a particular quality, character or relationship; to admit the claims or authority of; to give recognition to.


lexentry: eng/acknowledgment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acknowledgment
trans_list: akceptacja
sense:
The act of recognizing in a particular character or relationship; recognition of existence, authority, truth, or genuineness.


lexentry: eng/acknowledgment__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: acknowledgment
trans_list: kwit
sense:
A message from the addressee informing the originator that the originator's communication has been received and understood.


lexentry: eng/acknowledgment__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: acknowledgment
trans_list: kwit
sense:
(telecommunications, computing, networking) A response (ACK) sent by a receiver to indicate successful receipt of a transmission (See Wikipedia article on transmission).


lexentry: eng/acme__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acme
trans_list: szczyt
sense:
A high point: the highest point of any range, the most developed stage of any process, or the culmination of any field or historical period. [c. 1610]


lexentry: eng/acolyte__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acolyte
trans_list: akolita | akolitka
sense:
(Christianity) One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic Church, being ordained to carry the wine, water and lights at Mass.


lexentry: eng/aconite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aconite
trans_list: tojad | akonit
sense:
The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; any plant of the genus Aconitum, all the species of which are poisonous.


lexentry: eng/acorn__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acorn
trans_list: żołądź
sense:
(nautical) A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast-head.


lexentry: eng/acoustic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acoustic
trans_list: akustyczny
sense:
(music) Naturally producing or produced by an instrument without electrical amplification or the need thereof.


lexentry: eng/acoustic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acoustic
trans_list: akustyka
sense:
(usually, in the plural) The properties or qualities of a room or building that determine how sound is transmitted in it.


lexentry: eng/acqua_alta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acqua alta
trans_list: acqua alta
sense:
A phenomenon that regularly occurs in the city of Venice, Italy, typically during high and spring tide, involving the flooding of the most low-lying areas of Venice.


lexentry: eng/acquaintance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acquaintance
trans_list: znajomość
sense:
(uncountable) A state of being acquainted with a person; originally indicating friendship, intimacy, but now suggesting a slight knowledge less deep than that of friendship; acquaintanceship. [from 12th c.]


lexentry: eng/acquiesce__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acquiesce
trans_list: przyzwalać
sense:
(intransitive, with in or to (or sometimes with)) To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without opposition and discontent (usually implying previous opposition or discontent); to accept or consent by silence or by omitting to object.


lexentry: eng/acquiesce__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acquiesce
trans_list: godzić się
sense:
(intransitive) To concur upon conviction; to accept tacitly; to assent to; usually, to concur, not heartily but so far as to forbear opposition.


lexentry: eng/acquiescence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acquiescence
trans_list: potulność | przyzwolenie
sense:
A silent or passive assent or submission, or a submission with apparent consent, distinguished from avowed consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or open discontent; quiet satisfaction.


lexentry: eng/acquired_immune_deficiency_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acquired immune deficiency syndrome
trans_list: zespół nabytego niedoboru odporności | zespół nabytego upośledzenia odporności
sense:
(disease) An infectious disease, caused by HIV, that causes the gradual degeneration of the body's immune system.


lexentry: eng/acquired_taste__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acquired taste
trans_list: specyficzny
sense:
(idiomatic) Something that is appreciated only after having initially been regarded as unappealing or unpleasant; a person who is regarded as difficult or dislikable but of whom at least some have grown to approve.


lexentry: eng/acquittal__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acquittal
trans_list: uniewinnienie
sense:
(legal) A legal decision that someone is not guilty with which they have been charged, or the formal dismissal of a charge by some other legal process. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/acquittal__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: acquittal
trans_list: umorzenie
sense:
(historical) The act of releasing someone from debt or other obligation; acquittance. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/acridine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acridine
trans_list: akrydyna
sense:
(uncountable, organic compound) A tricyclic aromatic heterocycle, dibenzopyridine, obtained from coal tar; it is used in the manufacture of dyes and drugs


lexentry: eng/acrimonious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acrimonious
trans_list: kłótliwy | ostry
sense:
(figuratively) Angry, acid, and sharp in delivering argumentative replies: bitter, mean-spirited, sharp in language or tone. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/acritarch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acritarch
trans_list: acritarcha
sense:
(paleontology, palynology) Any small, non-acid-soluble (i.e. non-carbonate, non-siliceous) organic fossil that cannot be classified.


lexentry: eng/acrobat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrobat
trans_list: akrobata | akrobatka
sense:
An athlete who performs acts requiring skill, agility and coordination, often as part of a circus performance.


lexentry: eng/acrocyanosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrocyanosis
trans_list: akrocyjanoza
sense:
(pathology) A persistent blue or cyanotic discoloration of the digits, most commonly occurring in the hands although also occurring in the face and feet as well.


lexentry: eng/acrolein__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrolein
trans_list: akroleina
sense:
(organic compound) A pungent, acrid, poisonous liquid aldehyde, CH2=CH-CH=O, made by the destructive distillation of glycerol.


lexentry: eng/acromegaly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acromegaly
trans_list: akromegalia
sense:
(disease) A chronic disease marked by enlargement of the bones of the extremities, face, and jaw that is caused by over-activity of the pituitary gland.


lexentry: eng/acropolis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acropolis
trans_list: akropol
sense:
A promontory (usually fortified with a citadel) forming the hub of many Grecian cities, and around which many were built for defensive purposes before and during the classical period; compare Acropolis.


lexentry: eng/across__Preposition__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: across
trans_list: naprzeciwko | przez | po drugiej stronie | poprzez
sense:
(Southern US, AAVE) across from: on the opposite side, relative to something that lies between, from (a point of interest).


lexentry: eng/acrostic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrostic
trans_list: akrostych
sense:
A poem or other text in which certain letters, often the first in each line, spell out a name or message. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/acroterium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acroterium
trans_list: akroterion | akroterium | naszczytnik
sense:
(architecture) One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments, placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment, or upon the gables in Gothic architecture.


lexentry: eng/acrow_prop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrow prop
trans_list: stempel
sense:
An adjustable-height steel support used in the construction industry, typically to temporarily support structures while work is carried out.


lexentry: eng/acrylamide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrylamide
trans_list: akrylamid
sense:
(organic compound) The amide of acrylic acid, CH2=CH.CONH2; used in the manufacture of polyacrylamides.


lexentry: eng/acrylonitrile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acrylonitrile
trans_list: akrylonitryl
sense:
(organic compound) A toxic colourless liquid organic compound, CH2=CH.CN, synthesized from propylene and ammonia; used as a monomer in the production of acrylic resins and synthetic rubber.


lexentry: eng/act__Verb__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: act
trans_list: postąpić | postępować | zachować się | zachowywać
sense:
(intransitive, law) To carry out work as a legal representative in relation to a particular legal matter.


lexentry: eng/act__Verb__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: act
trans_list: grać | postąpić | postępować | zachować się | zachowywać
sense:
(intransitive, mathematics, construed with on or upon, of an algebraic structure) To possess an action onto (some other structure). Examples include the group action of a group on a set, the action of a ring on a module by scalar multiplication, and the action of a group or algebra on a vector space via a representation.


lexentry: eng/act_of_parliament__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: act of parliament
trans_list: prawo
sense:
A law which has received assent (royal, presidential or gubernatorial) after having been passed by the houses (or house) of a parliament.


lexentry: eng/actin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actin
trans_list: aktyna
sense:
(protein, uncountable) A globular structural protein that polymerizes in a helical fashion to form an actin filament (or microfilament).


lexentry: eng/acting__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acting
trans_list: p.o. | pełniąca obowiązki | pełniący obowiązki
sense:
Temporarily assuming the duties or authority of another person when they are unable to do their job.


lexentry: eng/actinic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: actinic
trans_list: aktyniczny
sense:
(chemistry, photography) Of or relating to actinism, the range of photochemical effects produced by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, particularly sunlight.


lexentry: eng/actinide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actinide
trans_list: aktynowiec
sense:
(chemistry) Any of the 15 radioactive elements of the periodic table from actinium to lawrencium that are positioned under the lanthanides, to which they have similar chemistry.


lexentry: eng/actinism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actinism
trans_list: aktyniczność
sense:
(chemistry, physics) That property of electromagnetic radiation that leads to the production of photochemical effects


lexentry: eng/actinium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actinium
trans_list: aktyn
sense:
A radioactive, metallic chemical element (symbol: Ac) with an atomic number of 89; found in uranium ores.


lexentry: eng/actinolite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actinolite
trans_list: aktynolit
sense:
(mineral) A mineral with monoclinic crystals of the chemical formula Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2, belonging to the amphibole group.


lexentry: eng/actinometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actinometer
trans_list: aktynometr
sense:
(physics) A device used to measure the heating power of electromagnetic radiation, especially that of solar radiation.


lexentry: eng/actinometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actinometry
trans_list: aktynometria
sense:
the measurement of the heating power of electromagnetic radiation, especially that of solar radiation


lexentry: eng/actinomycin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actinomycin
trans_list: aktynomycyna
sense:
(protein, pharmaceutical drug) Any of a class of toxic polypeptide antibiotics found in soil bacteria of genus Streptomyces.


lexentry: eng/actinomycosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actinomycosis
trans_list: aktynomikoza | promienica
sense:
(pathology) An infectious bacterial disease of cattle and swine, sometimes transmitted to humans, characterized by the formation of painful abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract, caused by Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae, and Propionibacterium propionicum.


lexentry: eng/action__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: action
trans_list: akcja | czynność | działanie | czyn
sense:
(mathematics) A way in which each element of some algebraic structure transforms some other structure or set, in a way which respects the structure of the first. Formally, this may be seen as a morphism from the first structure into some structure of endomorphisms of the second; for example, a group action of a group G on a set S can be seen as a group homomorphism from G into the set of bijections on S (which form a group under function composition), while a module M over a ring R can be defined as an abelian group together with a ring homomorphism from R into the ring of group endomorphisms of M (which is also called the action of R on M).


lexentry: eng/action_movie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: action movie
trans_list: film akcji
sense:
A motion picture whose storyline involves fast-paced activity and conflict, usually including such elements as a heroic protagonist, violent fights, acrobatic stunts, chase scenes, and gunplay.


lexentry: eng/activate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: activate
trans_list: aktywować | uaktywniać | uaktywnić
sense:
(transitive) To put a device, mechanism (alarm etc.) or system into action or motion; to trigger, to actuate, to set off, to enable.


lexentry: eng/activated_carbon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: activated carbon
trans_list: węgiel aktywowany
sense:
A very absorbent form of finely powdered carbon; used in purifying gases, and as an antidote for many poisons.


lexentry: eng/activation_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: activation function
trans_list: funkcja aktywacji
sense:
(computer science) A function that defines the output of a particular node in an artificial neural network on the basis of its inputs.


lexentry: eng/active__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: active
trans_list: aktywny | czynny
sense:
Having the power or quality of acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting;—opposed to passive, that receives.


lexentry: eng/active_duty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: active duty
trans_list: służba czynna
sense:
(military) A state in which person in the military performs military duties on a full-time basis, as opposed to reserve, where one only occasionally performs military duties.


lexentry: eng/active_ingredient__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: active ingredient
trans_list: substancja czynna
sense:
(pharmacology) The specific compound in a natural or man-made mixture that is responsible for the mixture's activity.


lexentry: eng/active_participle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: active participle
trans_list: imiesłów czynny
sense:
(grammar) A participle indicating an ongoing or completed action or state in the active voice, where a noun modified by the participle is taken to represent the agent of the action denoted by the verb.


lexentry: eng/active_volcano__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: active volcano
trans_list: wulkan czynny | czynny wulkan
sense:
(vulcanology, geology) A volcano that has erupted in the last 10,000 years, although not necessarily venting lava or gases now.


lexentry: eng/activism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: activism
trans_list: aktywizm
sense:
The practice of using action to achieve a result, such as political demonstration or a strike in support of or in opposition to an issue.


lexentry: eng/activity__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: activity
trans_list: aktywność | działalność
sense:
(countable) Something done for pleasure or entertainment, especially one involving movement or an excursion.


lexentry: eng/actor__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: actor
trans_list: aktor | aktorka
sense:
A person who acts a part in a theatrical play or (later) in film or television; a dramatic performer. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/actual__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: actual
trans_list: prawdziwy | właściwy
sense:
Existing in reality, not just potentially; really acted or acting; occurring in fact. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/actualism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actualism
trans_list: aktualizm
sense:
(philosophy) The belief that actuality and existence are co‐extensive: i.e., that only actual things exist, and merely possible things do not.


lexentry: eng/actuarial_science__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: actuarial science
trans_list: wiedza aktuarialna
sense:
(applied mathematics, insurance, finance) The discipline within applied mathematics dealing with risk assessment and the modelling of uncertainty; the rigorous application of mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk, in industries including insurance and finance.


lexentry: eng/actuary__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: actuary
trans_list: aktuariusz
sense:
A professional who calculates financial values associated with uncertain events subject to risk, such as insurance premiums or pension contributions.


lexentry: eng/acupressure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acupressure
trans_list: akupresura
sense:
(uncountable) An alternative medicine technique, derived from acupuncture, in which physical pressure is applied to acupoints.


lexentry: eng/acupuncture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acupuncture
trans_list: akupunktura
sense:
The insertion of needles into the (living) tissue of the body affecting the Qi or energy along energetic pathways of the body called meridians. This modality is traditionally used as a form of internal medical treating all disease and illnesses, in Western countries it is widely used for the purposes of pain relief.


lexentry: eng/acupuncturist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acupuncturist
trans_list: akupunkturzysta | akupunkturzystka
sense:
A healthcare professional who is qualified or professionally engaged in the practice of acupuncture.


lexentry: eng/acute_accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acute accent
trans_list: akcent akutowy | akcent ostry | akut
sense:
(orthography) : A diacritical mark ( ´ ) that can be placed above a number of letters in many languages of the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic writing systems.


lexentry: eng/acyl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acyl
trans_list: acyl
sense:
(organic compound) Any of class of organic radicals, RCO-, formed by the removal of a hydroxyl group from a carboxylic acid.


lexentry: eng/acyltransferase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acyltransferase
trans_list: acylotransferaza
sense:
(enzyme) Any of several transferase enzymes that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups between lipids.


lexentry: eng/adagio__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adagio
trans_list: adagio
sense:
(music) A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played rather slowly, leisurely and gracefully.


lexentry: eng/adamant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adamant
trans_list: adamant
sense:
An imaginary rock or mineral of impenetrable hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substances of extreme hardness.


lexentry: eng/adamantine__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adamantine
trans_list: adamantowy
sense:
Made of adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of being broken, dissolved, or penetrated.


lexentry: eng/adaptability__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: adaptability
trans_list: adaptabilność | przystosowawczość
sense:
(biology) Variability in respect to, or under the influence of, external conditions; susceptibility of an organism to that variation whereby it becomes suited to or fitted for its conditions of environment; the capacity of an organism to be modified by circumstances.


lexentry: eng/adaptation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adaptation
trans_list: przystosowanie | adaptacja
sense:
(uncountable) The process of adapting something or becoming adapted to a situation; adjustment, modification.


lexentry: eng/adaptation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: adaptation
trans_list: adaptacja
sense:
(countable, evolutionary theory) An instance of an organism undergoing change, or the structure or behavior that is changed.


lexentry: eng/adapter__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: adapter
trans_list: przedłużacz | rozgałęźnik | złodziejka
sense:
Specifically, a device that permits two or more plugs to be used at a single electrical power point.


lexentry: eng/adapter__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: adapter
trans_list: adapter | przejściówka
sense:
Specifically, an AC adapter: a device that reduces voltage and converts AC to DC to allow a battery-powered device to use mains power.


lexentry: eng/adaptogen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adaptogen
trans_list: adaptogen
sense:
(alternative medicine) Any natural herbal substance, such as ginseng, that is purported to assist the body to adapt to stress, and to exert a normalizing effect upon body functions.


lexentry: eng/adaptometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adaptometer
trans_list: adaptometr
sense:
An optometric instrument that measures the minimum threshold of brightness that can be detected or how well the human eye can adapt to a recently darkened environment.


lexentry: eng/add-on__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: add-on
trans_list: dodatek
sense:
(computer hardware, software) A software extension or hardware peripheral that provides additional functions or customization for a core application or system.


lexentry: eng/add__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: add
trans_list: dodawać | dodać
sense:
(transitive) To join or unite (e.g. one thing to another, or as several particulars) so as to increase the number, augment the quantity, or enlarge the magnitude, or so as to form into one aggregate.


lexentry: eng/add_insult_to_injury__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: add insult to injury
trans_list: na domiar złego
sense:
(idiomatic) To further a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an already unfavorable situation.


lexentry: eng/addend__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: addend
trans_list: dodajnik | składnik
sense:
(mathematics) Addendum, any one of two or more numbers or other terms that are to be added together.


lexentry: eng/adder's_tongue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adder's tongue
trans_list: nasięźrzał
sense:
Any of several ferns in the genus Ophioglossum, whose spores are produced on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue.


lexentry: eng/adder__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: adder
trans_list: żmija
sense:
A northern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen), a venomous viper found in the eastern United States


lexentry: eng/additive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: additive
trans_list: addytywny
sense:
(genetics) Of or pertaining to genes (or the interaction etc. of such genes) which govern the same trait and whose effects work together on the phenotype.


lexentry: eng/additive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: additive
trans_list: dodatek
sense:
A substance added to another substance or product to produce specific properties in the combined substance.


lexentry: eng/additive_group__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: additive group
trans_list: grupa addytywna
sense:
(algebra) Any of certain algebraic objects (ring, field or vector space, etc., whose definition includes a commutative operation called addition) regarded as a group under addition.


lexentry: eng/additive_identity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: additive identity
trans_list: element neutralny dodawania
sense:
(algebra) An element of an algebraic structure, generally denoted 0, which is an identity for an additive operation (generally denoted +). That is, x + 0 = 0 + x = x for any x in the structure.


lexentry: eng/address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: address
trans_list: adres
sense:
(diplomacy, politics) A formal approach to a sovereign or head of state, especially an official appeal or petition. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: address
trans_list: adres
sense:
(networking, Internet) A string of characters identifying a node or range of nodes on a network (especially the Internet), such as an e-mail address, IP address or URL. [from 1960s]


lexentry: eng/address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: address
trans_list: adres
sense:
A description of the location of a property, usually with at least a street name and number, name of a town, and now also a postal code; such a description as superscribed for direction on an envelope or letter. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: address
trans_list: przemowa | przemówienie
sense:
An act of addressing oneself to a person or group; a discourse or speech, or a record of this. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/address__Verb__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: address
trans_list: adresować | zaadresować
sense:
(transitive) To direct speech to; to make a communication to, whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech, petition, etc., to speak to.


lexentry: eng/address__Verb__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: address
trans_list: adresować | zaadresować
sense:
(transitive) To address oneself to; to prepare oneself for; to apply oneself to; to direct one's speech, discourse or efforts to.


lexentry: eng/address_bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: address bar
trans_list: pasek adresu
sense:
(computing, graphical user interface) A bar in a web browser that displays the address (uniform resource identifier) of the page or resource being displayed.


lexentry: eng/addressee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: addressee
trans_list: adresat | odbiorca | adresatka | odbiorczyni
sense:
The person or organization to which something, such as a letter or message, is addressed or sent, for whom the item is intended.


lexentry: eng/adductor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adductor
trans_list: adduktor | przywodziciel
sense:
(anatomy) A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body—opposed to abductor.


lexentry: eng/adelphophagy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adelphophagy
trans_list: adelfofagia
sense:
The consumption of one embryo by another in utero, particularly among certain amphibians, sharks and fishes.


lexentry: eng/adenine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenine
trans_list: adenina
sense:
(biochemistry, genetics) A base, C5H5N5, found in certain glands and tissues, which pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA.


lexentry: eng/adenohypophysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenohypophysis
trans_list: gruczołowa część przysadki
sense:
(anatomy) The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, producing and secreting several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction.


lexentry: eng/adenoid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenoid
trans_list: adenoid | migdałek gardłowy
sense:
(symptom) an abnormally enlarged mass of lymphatic tissue at the back of the pharynx, often obstructing the nasal and ear passages and hindering speaking and breathing in young children.


lexentry: eng/adenoidectomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenoidectomy
trans_list: adenotomia
sense:
(surgery) Surgical removal of the adenoids, or of adenoid growths in the nasopharynx; commonly performed along with tonsillectomy.


lexentry: eng/adenopathy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenopathy
trans_list: adenopatia
sense:
(pathology) Swelling or enlargement of the glands (especially the lymph nodes); any glandular disease.


lexentry: eng/adenosine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenosine
trans_list: adenozyna
sense:
(biochemistry, genetics, organic compound) A nucleoside derived from adenine and ribose, found in striated muscle tissue. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/adenosine_monophosphate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenosine monophosphate
trans_list: adenozynomonofosforan
sense:
(biochemistry) A nucleotide, found in all animal muscle cells, reversibly convertible to adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate.


lexentry: eng/adenosine_triphosphate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenosine triphosphate
trans_list: adenozynotrójfosforan
sense:
(biochemistry, neurotransmitter) A nucleotide that is used as a source of energy in cellular reactions, in the synthesis of nucleic acids, and as a neurotransmitter recognized by purinergic receptors.


lexentry: eng/adenovirus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenovirus
trans_list: adenowirus
sense:
(medicine) Any virus of the family Adenoviridae, many of which are responsible for respiratory infections in humans


lexentry: eng/adenylic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adenylic acid
trans_list: adenozyno-5′-monofosforan
sense:
(organic chemistry) A nucleotide found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. It consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine.


lexentry: eng/adessive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adessive
trans_list: adesywny
sense:
(grammar) Of or relating to the grammatical case that in some languages indicates adjacent location.


lexentry: eng/adessive_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adessive case
trans_list: adessivus
sense:
(grammar) A noun case used to indicate adjacent location. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositions "near", "at", or "by". Languages that use the adessive case include Finnish, Hungarian, Estonian, Lezgi and Lithuanian.


lexentry: eng/adhan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adhan
trans_list: adhan
sense:
(Islam) The call to prayer, which consisted originally of simply four takbirs followed by the statement (أَشْهَدُ أَنْ) لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا ٱلله.


lexentry: eng/adhocracy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adhocracy
trans_list: adhokracja
sense:
(business, organizational theory) An organizational system designed to be flexible and responsive to the needs of the moment rather than excessively bureaucratic. [from 1964.]


lexentry: eng/adiabat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adiabat
trans_list: adiabata
sense:
(physics) The curve on a graph of pressure and temperature which gives the adiabatic heating or cooling of a gas.


lexentry: eng/adiabatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adiabatic
trans_list: adiabatyczny
sense:
(physics, thermodynamics, of a process) Without gain or loss of heat (and thus with no change in entropy, in the quasistatic approximation).


lexentry: eng/adicity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adicity
trans_list: argumentowość
sense:
(logic, mathematics, computer science) The number of arguments or operands a function or operation takes. For a relation, the number of domains in the corresponding Cartesian product.


lexentry: eng/adipic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adipic
trans_list: adypinowy
sense:
(organic chemistry) Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or oily substances; applied to certain acids obtained from fats by the action of nitric acid.


lexentry: eng/adipic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adipic acid
trans_list: kwas adypinowy
sense:
(carboxylic acid) A white crystalline dicarboxylic acid, C4H8(COOH)2; it has many industrial applications; when condensed with hexamethylene diamine it produces nylon.


lexentry: eng/adipocere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adipocere
trans_list: wosk trupi
sense:
A brown, fatty, waxy substance (fatty acids) that forms on dead animal tissues in response to hydrolysis.


lexentry: eng/adit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adit
trans_list: sztolnia
sense:
A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage from the surface into a mine, as contrasted with a shaft or vertical entry passage. An adit may be used for ventilation, haulage, drainage, or other purposes.


lexentry: eng/adjika__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adjika
trans_list: adżika | adżyka
sense:
A hot, spicy but subtly flavoured paste often used to flavour food, mainly in the Caucasian regions of Abkhazia and Samegrelo.


lexentry: eng/adjunct__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: adjunct
trans_list: deklaracja
sense:
(grammar) A phrase within a clause or sentence that is grammatically dispensable but not semantically so, modifying the meaning.


lexentry: eng/adjunct_professor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adjunct professor
trans_list: adiunkt | adiunktka
sense:
(US, education) A college professor who is employed part-time or for a limited time, is junior to a full professor, or is otherwise not eligible for tenure.


lexentry: eng/adjunction__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: adjunction
trans_list: adiunkcja
sense:
(category theory, strictly) A natural isomorphism between a pair of functors satisfying certain conditions, whose existence implies a close relationship between the functors and between their (co)domains; the natural isomorphism, functors, and their (co)domains thought of as a single object.


lexentry: eng/adjutant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adjutant
trans_list: adiutant | adiutantka
sense:
(military rank) A lower-ranking officer who assists a higher-ranking officer with administrative affairs. [from 1641]


lexentry: eng/adjuvant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adjuvant
trans_list: adiuwant
sense:
(agriculture) An additive (often a separate product) that enhances the efficacy of a pesticide, but has little or no pesticidal effect itself. [from mid 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/admin__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: admin
trans_list: admin
sense:
(countable, informal, computing) A systems administrator (one who maintains a computer system or network).


lexentry: eng/administer__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: administer
trans_list: administrować | zarządzać
sense:
(transitive) To manage or supervise the conduct, performance or execution of; to govern or regulate the parameters for the conduct, performance or execution of; to work in an administrative capacity.


lexentry: eng/administer__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: administer
trans_list: aplikować | podawać | podać | zaaplikować | zadawać | zadać
sense:
(transitive, medicine) To cause (a patient, human or animal) to ingest (a drug), either by openly offering or through deceit.


lexentry: eng/administration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: administration
trans_list: administracja
sense:
(uncountable) The act of administering; government of public affairs; the service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the conducting of any office or employment; direction.


lexentry: eng/administration__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: administration
trans_list: administracja
sense:
(countable, government, politics) The executive part of government; the persons collectively who are entrusted with the execution of laws and the superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in Great Britain.


lexentry: eng/administrator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: administrator
trans_list: administrator | zarządca | administratorka | zarządczyni
sense:
One who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager.


lexentry: eng/administrator__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: administrator
trans_list: zarządca | zarządczyni
sense:
(legal) A person who manages or settles the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has been committed by competent authority


lexentry: eng/administrator__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: administrator
trans_list: administrator | administratorka
sense:
(computing) One who is responsible for software installation, management, information and maintenance of a computer or network.


lexentry: eng/admiral__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: admiral
trans_list: admirał
sense:
(military) A high rank in the British and American Navies, NATO grade OF-9, equivalent ranks in other navies, in coast guards, etc.


lexentry: eng/admiral__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: admiral
trans_list: admirał
sense:
(zoology) Any of several species of nymphalid butterflies of the genera Kaniska, Limenitis and Vanessa. [1799]


lexentry: eng/admiral_of_the_fleet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: admiral of the fleet
trans_list: admirał floty
sense:
(military, UK) The highest rank in the Royal Navy and other Commonwealth navies, NATO grade OF-10, currently only ceremonial.


lexentry: eng/admiralty_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: admiralty law
trans_list: prawo morskie
sense:
(legal) The area of law that deals with ships at sea and the rights of sailors, passengers, and owners of cargo.


lexentry: eng/admit__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: admit
trans_list: dopuszczać | wpuścić | dopuścić | wpuszczać
sense:
(transitive) To allow to enter; to grant entrance (to), whether into a place, into the mind, or into consideration


lexentry: eng/admit__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: admit
trans_list: przyznawać | przyznać
sense:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to, as an allegation which it is impossible to deny (+ to).


lexentry: eng/admonish__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: admonish
trans_list: ostrzec
sense:
(transitive, with of or against) To advise against wrongdoing; to caution; to warn against danger or an offense.


lexentry: eng/adnominal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adnominal
trans_list: adnominal
sense:
(grammar) The adnominal case: A word or phrase qualifying a noun, such as an adjective or a relative clause.


lexentry: eng/adobo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adobo
trans_list: adobo
sense:
A Philippine dish in which pork or chicken is slowly cooked in a sauce including soy sauce, vinegar, and crushed garlic.


lexentry: eng/adoption__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: adoption
trans_list: adopcja | adoptacja | przysposobienie | usynowienie
sense:
The state of being adopted; the acceptance of a child of other parents as if he or she were one's own child.


lexentry: eng/adoptionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adoptionism
trans_list: adopcjanizm
sense:
(Christianity) A form of Christianity which maintains that Jesus is divine only in the sense that God the Father adopted him, either at Jesus' birth, or at his death, as opposed to the orthodox understanding of the nature of the Trinity.


lexentry: eng/adposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adposition
trans_list: pozycja
sense:
(grammar) An element that combines syntactically with a phrase and indicates how that phrase should be interpreted in the surrounding context; a preposition or postposition.


lexentry: eng/adrenal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adrenal
trans_list: nadnerczowy
sense:
Pertaining to the adrenal glands (suprarenal glands), their secretions, or the function derived therefrom.


lexentry: eng/adrenal_gland__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adrenal gland
trans_list: nadnercze
sense:
(anatomy) In mammals, either of a pair of complex endocrine glands, situated above each kidney, secreting hormones which control the heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism.


lexentry: eng/adrenaline_junkie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adrenaline junkie
trans_list: adrenalinowiec
sense:
(colloquial) One who is seemingly addicted to the sensation of exhilaration associated with risky behaviors or exciting situations, and who actively seeks such opportunities.


lexentry: eng/adrenarche__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adrenarche
trans_list: początek dojrzewania nadnerczy
sense:
A stage of maturation of the cortex of the human adrenal glands, related to puberty, typically occurring between the ages of six and ten years and involving both structural and functional changes.


lexentry: eng/adret__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adret
trans_list: adret
sense:
(geography) The sun-facing side of a mountain; in the northern hemisphere, especially south-facing slope.


lexentry: eng/adsorber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adsorber
trans_list: adsorber
sense:
Something which adsorbs, especially a solid material, such as activated carbon, that has a high surface area and is used to capture a gas or liquid


lexentry: eng/adsorption__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adsorption
trans_list: adsorpcja
sense:
The adhesion of a liquid or gas on the surface of a solid material, forming a thin film on the surface.


lexentry: eng/adstratum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adstratum
trans_list: adstrat
sense:
(linguistics) Any language having elements that are responsible for change in neighbouring languages


lexentry: eng/adularia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adularia
trans_list: adular
sense:
(mineral) A variety of orthoclase feldspar found as colorless to white prismatic crystals in cavities in metamorphic rocks. Some specimens reflect a bluish sheen along crystal faces. This phenomenon is called adularescence, and adularia with this property is called moonstone. (See sanidine).


lexentry: eng/adult_education__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adult education
trans_list: edukacja dorosłych
sense:
(education) The practice in which adults engage in systematic and sustained self-educating activities, either as a form of remedial education or as a form of continuing education or further education.


lexentry: eng/adultery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adultery
trans_list: cudzołóstwo | zdrada małżeńska
sense:
(narrowly) Sexual intercourse by a married person with someone other than their spouse. See more synonyms at Thesaurus:cuckoldry


lexentry: eng/adumbration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: adumbration
trans_list: ślad
sense:
(countable, uncountable, figuratively) A rough or symbolic representation; a vague indication of what is to come, a foreshadowing.


lexentry: eng/advance__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: advance
trans_list: awanse
sense:
(often, in the plural) An opening approach or overture, now especially of an unwelcome or sexual nature.


lexentry: eng/advance__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: advance
trans_list: zaawansować
sense:
To provide (money or other value) before it is due, or in expectation of some work; to lend. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/advance_guard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advance guard
trans_list: awangarda
sense:
A unit or units leading the way of advancing or marching troops, guarding them from ambushes, reconnoitering and pursuing the enemy, etc.


lexentry: eng/advance_payment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advance payment
trans_list: akonto | awans | zadatek | zaliczka
sense:
The part of a contractually due sum that is paid or received in advance for a good, service or social security payment.


lexentry: eng/advantage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advantage
trans_list: zaleta | korzyść
sense:
(countable) Any condition, circumstance, opportunity or means, particularly favorable or chance to success, or to any desired end.


lexentry: eng/advantage__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: advantage
trans_list: awantaż | przewaga
sense:
(obsolete) Superiority; mastery; — used with of to specify its nature or with over to specify the other party.


lexentry: eng/advection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advection
trans_list: adwekcja
sense:
(meteorology, earth science, physical chemistry) The horizontal movement of a body of atmosphere (or other fluid) along with a concurrent transport of its temperature, humidity etc.


lexentry: eng/advection_fog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advection fog
trans_list: mgła adwekcyjna
sense:
(physics, meteorology) A type of fog caused by the passage of moist air horizontally over a relatively colder surface and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dew point.


lexentry: eng/adventure__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: adventure
trans_list: przygoda | awantura
sense:
A daring feat; a bold undertaking, in which dangers are likely to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; the encountering of risks.


lexentry: eng/adventure_game__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adventure game
trans_list: gra przygodowa | przygodówka
sense:
(video games) A computer or video game of the genre characterized by investigation, exploration, puzzle-solving, interaction with game characters, and a focus on narrative rather than reflex-based challenges.


lexentry: eng/adventurism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: adventurism
trans_list: awanturnictwo
sense:
(politics) The taking of excessive risks by a government in their political, economic or foreign affairs. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/adventurous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adventurous
trans_list: żądny przygód | awanturniczy | zawadiacki | śmiały
sense:
(of a, person) Inclined to adventure; willing to take risks; prone to embark on hazardous enterprises; daring.


lexentry: eng/adverb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adverb
trans_list: przysłówek | adverbium | adwerbium
sense:
(grammar) A word that modifies a verb, adjective, other adverbs, or various other types of words, phrases, or clauses.


lexentry: eng/adverb__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: adverb
trans_list: przysłówek | adverbium | adwerbium
sense:
(programming) In the Raku programming language, a named parameter that modifies the behavior of a routine.


lexentry: eng/adverbial_participle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adverbial participle
trans_list: imiesłów przysłówkowy
sense:
(grammar) A participle that modifies a verb in the same sentence and is equivalent to an adverbial clause in English. Adverbial participles may denote time, condition, cause, concession, manner, means, purpose, or attendant circumstance.


lexentry: eng/adverse__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adverse
trans_list: niekorzystny | niepomyślny | niesprzyjający
sense:
Unfavorable; antagonistic in purpose or effect; hostile; actively opposing one's interests or wishes; contrary to one's welfare; acting against; working in an opposing direction.


lexentry: eng/adverse_possession__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adverse possession
trans_list: zasiedzenie
sense:
(legal) A means of acquiring title to another's real property without compensation by occupying the property in a manner that has under common law the requirements of being actual, open and notorious, exclusive, hostile, under cover of claim or right, and continuous for a certain number of years.


lexentry: eng/advertise__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advertise
trans_list: ogłaszać | ogłosić
sense:
(transitive) To give (especially public) notice of (something); to announce publicly. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/advertise__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: advertise
trans_list: ogłaszać
sense:
(intransitive) To provide information about a person or goods and services to influence others. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/advertise__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: advertise
trans_list: reklamować
sense:
(transitive) To provide public information about (a product, service etc.) in order to attract public awareness and increase sales. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/advertising_agency__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advertising agency
trans_list: agencja reklamowa
sense:
a business enterprise dedicated to creating, planning and handling advertising on behalf of its client companies.


lexentry: eng/advertorial__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advertorial
trans_list: artykuł sponsorowany
sense:
An advertisement written in the form of an objective editorial, presented in a printed publication, and usually designed to look like a legitimate and independent news article.


lexentry: eng/advisory_opinion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advisory opinion
trans_list: opinia doradcza
sense:
(legal) An opinion issued by a court that does not have the effect of resolving a specific legal case, but merely advises on the constitutionality or interpretation of a law.


lexentry: eng/advocacy_group__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: advocacy group
trans_list: grupa interesu
sense:
A group of people, always allied and sometimes also formally organised, who use various forms of advocacy to influence public opinion and policy.


lexentry: eng/adware__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adware
trans_list: adware | oprogramowanie reklamowe
sense:
(computing) A software application that includes advertisements, which are displayed while the software is running. Developers use adware as a source of income and to keep the costs of the software down (usually making it free). Some adware programs can include spyware.


lexentry: eng/adytum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adytum
trans_list: adyton
sense:
(Ancient Greece, religion) The innermost sanctuary or shrine in a temple, from where oracles were given.


lexentry: eng/adze__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: adze
trans_list: ciesak | ciosła | cieślica | cioska | topór ciesielski
sense:
A cutting tool that has a curved blade set at a right angle to the handle and is used in shaping wood.


lexentry: eng/aedile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aedile
trans_list: edyl
sense:
(historical, Ancient Rome) An elected official who was responsible for the maintenance of public buildings, regulation of festivals, supervision of markets and the supply of grain and water.


lexentry: eng/aegis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aegis
trans_list: egida
sense:
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A mythological shield associated with the Greek deities Zeus and Athena (and their Roman counterparts Jupiter and Minerva) shown as a short cloak made of goatskin worn on the shoulders, more as an emblem of power and protection than a military shield. The aegis of Athena or Minerva is usually shown with a border of snakes and with the head of Medusa in the center. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/aeonium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aeonium
trans_list: aeonium | eonium
sense:
Any member of the genus Aeonium of succulent, subtropical plants with rosette leaves on a basal stem, mostly native to the Canary Islands.


lexentry: eng/aequorin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aequorin
trans_list: akworyna
sense:
(biochemistry) A photoprotein, isolated from luminescent jellyfish and other marine organisms, composed of two distinct units: the apoprotein apoaequorin and the prosthetic group coelenterazine.


lexentry: eng/aeration__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aeration
trans_list: aeracja
sense:
By extension, a process in which other gases (such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen or argon) are circulated through or mixed with a substance (usually liquid), sometimes with the consequence of increasing the transfer of air into the same liquid at the surface due to the induced circulation.


lexentry: eng/aerial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: aerial
trans_list: lotniczy
sense:
(aviation) Pertaining to a vehicle which travels through the air; airborne; relating to or conducted by means of aircraft. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/aerial__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerial
trans_list: antena
sense:
(chiefly, _, UK) A rod, wire, or other structure for receiving or transmitting radio, television signals etc.


lexentry: eng/aerial_cableway__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerial cableway
trans_list: kolej linowa | kolejka linowa
sense:
A large assortment of cables, suspended above the ground at a minesite or quarry, used to transport tools and equipment over rough territory.


lexentry: eng/aerobe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerobe
trans_list: aerob | aerobiont | oksybiont | tlenowiec
sense:
(biology) Any organism (but especially a bacterium) that can tolerate the presence of oxygen, or that needs oxygen to survive.


lexentry: eng/aerobics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerobics
trans_list: aerobik
sense:
A form of exercise, designed to enhance one's cardiovascular fitness, normally performed to music. [1968]


lexentry: eng/aerobiology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerobiology
trans_list: aerobiologia
sense:
(biology) The study of the dispersion of airborne biological materials, as pollen, spores, microorganisms, or viruses.


lexentry: eng/aerodynamics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerodynamics
trans_list: aerodynamika
sense:
The science of the dynamics of bodies moving relative to gases, especially the interaction of moving objects with the atmosphere.


lexentry: eng/aerogel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerogel
trans_list: aerożel
sense:
A porous, ultralight solid-state substance, similar to gel, in which the liquid component is replaced with gas.


lexentry: eng/aerogram__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aerogram
trans_list: aerogram
sense:
A thin piece of foldable and gummed paper for writing a letter and serving as its own envelope for transit via airmail.


lexentry: eng/aerology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerology
trans_list: aerologia
sense:
The branch of meteorology involving the observation of the atmosphere by means of balloons, kites, rockets, drones, airplanes, etc.


lexentry: eng/aeromechanics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aeromechanics
trans_list: aeromechanika
sense:
(physics) The branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of gases; it comprises aerostatics and aerodynamics


lexentry: eng/aerometric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerometric
trans_list: aerometryczny
sense:
Describing any measurement of a physical property of air (or other gases), but especially of temperature, pressure and velocity.


lexentry: eng/aerometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerometry
trans_list: aerometria
sense:
(archaic) The science of measuring the air, including air pressure, density, quality, direction and condensation; pneumatics.


lexentry: eng/aeronomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aeronomy
trans_list: aeronomia
sense:
A branch of science that deals with the upper atmosphere of the Earth and the other planets with reference to their chemical composition, physical properties, relative motion, and responses to radiation from space.


lexentry: eng/aerophobia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerophobia
trans_list: aerofobia
sense:
(medical) A pathological aversion or sensitivity to air or the movement of air, especially as a symptom of rabies.


lexentry: eng/aerophone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerophone
trans_list: aerofon
sense:
Any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes, and without the vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound.


lexentry: eng/aerophore__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: aerophore
trans_list: aerofor
sense:
(underwater diving, historical) A predecessor of the aqualung, invented by Benoit Rouquayrol and Auguste Denayrouze 1865


lexentry: eng/aeroscope__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aeroscope
trans_list: aeroskop
sense:
A type of compressed air camera for making films, constructed by Polish inventor Kazimierz Prószyński in 1909


lexentry: eng/aerospace__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aerospace
trans_list: przestrzenny
sense:
Of, or relating to the science, technology and industry associated with aircraft, missiles, satellites and spacecraft.


lexentry: eng/aerostat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerostat
trans_list: aerostat
sense:
An aircraft, such as a dirigible or balloon, that derives its lift from buoyancy rather than from wings or rotors.


lexentry: eng/aerostat__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aerostat
trans_list: aerostat
sense:
A moored balloon flown in a semi-permanent manner, such as a border patrol monitoring balloon affixed at 18,000 feet (~6 km).


lexentry: eng/aerostatics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerostatics
trans_list: aerostatyka
sense:
(physics) the study of gases in equilibrium and of balloons or aircraft in varying atmospheric conditions


lexentry: eng/aerothermodynamics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aerothermodynamics
trans_list: aerotermodynamika | gazodynamika
sense:
(physics) The scientific study of the thermodynamic properties of gases, especially when travelling at a high velocity.


lexentry: eng/aesthete__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aesthete
trans_list: esteta | estetka
sense:
(often, derogatory) Someone who cultivates an unusually high sensitivity to beauty, as in art or nature, often in a manner perceived to prioritize beauty over other qualities such as virtue and utility.


lexentry: eng/aesthetic__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aesthetic
trans_list: estetyka
sense:
The set of artistic motifs defining a collection of things, especially works of art; more broadly, their aura or “vibe”.


lexentry: eng/aetiology__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aetiology
trans_list: etiologia
sense:
(medicine, uncountable) The study or investigation of the causes of disease; a scientific explanation for the origin of a disease.


lexentry: eng/affable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affable
trans_list: arcymiły | sympatyczny
sense:
Receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; friendly, courteous, sociable.


lexentry: eng/affair__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affair
trans_list: sprawa
sense:
(often in the plural) Something which is done or is to be done; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or public.


lexentry: eng/affect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affect
trans_list: afekt
sense:
(psychology) A subjective feeling experienced in response to a thought or other stimulus; mood, emotion, especially as demonstrated in external physical signs. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/affect__Verb__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affect
trans_list: afektować
sense:
(transitive) To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume. To make a false display of. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/affectation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affectation
trans_list: afektacja
sense:
An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false display; artificial show. [from 1548]


lexentry: eng/affection__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: affection
trans_list: afekt
sense:
The state of being affected, especially: a change in, or alteration of, the emotional state of a person or other animal, caused by a subjective affect (a subjective feeling or emotion), which arises in response to a stimulus which may result from either thought or perception.


lexentry: eng/affiliate__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: affiliate
trans_list: afiliować
sense:
(intransitive, followed by "to" or "with") To attach (to) or unite (with); to receive into a society as a member, and initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.


lexentry: eng/affiliate_marketing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affiliate marketing
trans_list: marketing afiliacyjny
sense:
A specialized form of marketing where an advertiser seeks to advertise or sell products or services through an affiliate network.


lexentry: eng/affination__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affination
trans_list: afinacja
sense:
Part of the traditional sugar refining process in which molasses is removed from sugar crystals by washing with a heavy syrup


lexentry: eng/affine__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: affine
trans_list: afiniczny
sense:
(not comparable, geometry) Of or pertaining to a function expressible as f(\vec x)= A \vec x + \vec b (where A is a linear transformation and \vec b is a constant), which, regarded as a transformation, maps parallel lines to parallel lines and finite points to finite points.


lexentry: eng/affine_geometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affine geometry
trans_list: geometria afiniczna
sense:
(geometry, uncountable) The branch of geometry dealing with what can be deduced in Euclidean geometry when the notions of line length and angle size are ignored.


lexentry: eng/affine_transformation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affine transformation
trans_list: przekształcenie afiniczne
sense:
(geometry, linear algebra) A geometric transformation that preserves lines and parallelism, but in general not lengths or angles; (more formally) an automorphism of an affine space: a mapping of an affine space onto itself that preserves both the dimension of any affine subspace and the ratio of the lengths of any pair of parallel line segments.


lexentry: eng/affinity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: affinity
trans_list: powinowactwo
sense:
A family relationship through marriage of a relative (e.g. sister-in-law), as opposed to consanguinity (e.g. sister).


lexentry: eng/affirm__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: affirm
trans_list: afirmować | potwierdzać | potwierdzić
sense:
To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; especially (legal) to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appellate court for review.


lexentry: eng/affirmative_action__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affirmative action
trans_list: akcja afirmatywna
sense:
(uncountable) A set of policies or programs providing advantages for people of a group who are seen to have traditionally been the target of discrimination.


lexentry: eng/afford__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: afford
trans_list: pozwalać | pozwolić
sense:
To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be injurious; (usually, after an expression of ability, as could, able, difficult) to be able or rich enough; to spare.


lexentry: eng/affordability__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affordability
trans_list: przystępność
sense:
The extent or degree to which something is affordable, as measured by its cost relative to the amount that the purchaser is able to pay.


lexentry: eng/afforestation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: afforestation
trans_list: zalesianie | zalesienie
sense:
The act or process of creating a new forest where none had existed before, or reforestation of areas long deforested.


lexentry: eng/affreightment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: affreightment
trans_list: nawa
sense:
(nautical) The act of hiring, or the contract for use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey cargo.


lexentry: eng/afield__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: afield
trans_list: nieopodal
sense:
Away (from the home or starting point, physical or conceptual). (Often preceded by far, farther, or further.)


lexentry: eng/aflatoxin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aflatoxin
trans_list: aflatoksyna
sense:
(poison) Any of a family of mycotoxins, produced by molds of the Aspergillus genus, that can be toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic; typically found as contaminants of animal food or peanuts.


lexentry: eng/afraid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: afraid
trans_list: bać się | obawiać się
sense:
Regretful, sorry; expressing a reluctance to face an unpleasant situation. [with that (+ clause) or clause; or with so or not]


lexentry: eng/afrobeat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: afrobeat
trans_list: afrobeat
sense:
(music genre) Music that combines West African musical styles (such as traditional Yoruba music and highlife) with American funk, jazz, and soul influences, with a focus on chanted vocals, complex intersecting rhythms, and percussion.


lexentry: eng/after__Preposition__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: after
trans_list: za
sense:
(Irish, Newfoundland, usually, preceded by a form of be, followed by an -ing form of a verb) Used to indicate recent completion of an activity.


lexentry: eng/after_all__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: after all
trans_list: w końcu | przecież | wszak | wszakże
sense:
(idiomatic) anyway, in any case; indicates a statement is true regardless of other considerations; used to reinforce or explain a point.


lexentry: eng/after_all__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: after all
trans_list: jednak
sense:
(idiomatic) in the end, however; used in referring to something that was believed to be the case, but is not; or to an outcome that is not what was expected or predicted.


lexentry: eng/after_one's_own_heart__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: after one's own heart
trans_list: w czyimś guście
sense:
(idiomatic) Of a situation or thing: according to, or appealing to, one's own desire, liking, or taste.


lexentry: eng/afterbirth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: afterbirth
trans_list: ostatni
sense:
The placenta and other material expelled via the birth canal following childbirth or parturition in mammals.


lexentry: eng/afterlife__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: afterlife
trans_list: życie pozagrobowe | zaświaty
sense:
A conscious existence after death; a supernatural life that follows one's natural life, in some worldviews.


lexentry: eng/aftermath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aftermath
trans_list: otawa | potraw
sense:
(obsolete, agriculture) A second mowing; the grass which grows after the first crop of hay in the same season; lattermath.


lexentry: eng/aftermath__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aftermath
trans_list: następstwo | pokłosie
sense:
That which happens after, that which follows, usually of strongly negative connotation in most contexts, implying a preceding catastrophe.


lexentry: eng/afternoon_tea__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: afternoon tea
trans_list: podwieczorek
sense:
(Australia, NZ, Hong Kong) A small meal or snack eaten between lunch and dinner (supper); a period of time set aside for this purpose, taken as a break from work or from a conference.


lexentry: eng/aftershock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aftershock
trans_list: wstrząs wtórny
sense:
(seismology) An earthquake that follows in the same vicinity as another, usually larger, earthquake (the "mainshock").


lexentry: eng/again__Adverb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: again
trans_list: znów
sense:
Tell me again, say again; used in asking a question to which one may have already received an answer that one cannot remember.


lexentry: eng/again__Adverb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: again
trans_list: znowu | znów | ponownie | od nowa | apiać | jeszcze raz
sense:
Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion. [from 16thc.]


lexentry: eng/against__Preposition__1
sense_num: 16
written_rep: against
trans_list: przeciw | pod
sense:
(Hollywood) To be paid now in contrast to the following amount to be paid later under specified circumstances, usually that a movie is made or has started filming.


lexentry: eng/against_the_grain__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: against the grain
trans_list: pod prąd | pod wiatr | pod włos
sense:
(idiomatic) Contrary to what is expected; especially, of behavior different from what society expects.


lexentry: eng/agalmatolite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agalmatolite
trans_list: agalmatolit | pagodyt
sense:
(mineral) A soft, compact stone, of a grayish, greenish, or yellowish color, which was used in China for carvings in pagodas. It is probably a variety of pinite.


lexentry: eng/agape__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agape
trans_list: agapa | agape
sense:
(uncountable, Christianity) The love of God for mankind, or the benevolent love of Christians for others.


lexentry: eng/agape__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: agape
trans_list: agapa | agape
sense:
(countable) A love feast, especially one held in the early Christian Church in connection with the Eucharist.


lexentry: eng/agar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agar
trans_list: agar-agar | agar
sense:
A gelatinous material obtained from red algae, especially Gracilaria species, used as a bacterial culture medium, in electrophoresis and as a food additive.


lexentry: eng/agaric__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agaric
trans_list: grzyb blaszkowy
sense:
Any of various fungi, principally of the order Agaricales, having fruiting bodies consisting of umbrella-like caps, on stalks, with numerous gills beneath.


lexentry: eng/agarose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agarose
trans_list: agaroza
sense:
A polymeric cross-linked polysaccharide extracted from the seaweed agar; used to make gels that are used in electrophoresis.


lexentry: eng/agarwood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agarwood
trans_list: agar
sense:
Heartwood from trees of genus Aquilaria, especially Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. A. agallocha), infected with mold (Phialophora parasitica), which produce an aromatic resin in response to this infestation.


lexentry: eng/agate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agate
trans_list: agat
sense:
(countable, uncountable, mineral) A semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two.


lexentry: eng/agave__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agave
trans_list: agawa
sense:
Any plant in the large, variable genus Agave: succulent plants, commonly armed with formidable prickles; they flower at maturity after several years, and generally die thereafter; large species, such as the maguey or century plant, (Agave americana), produce gigantic inflorescences. Several are of economic importance as sources of fibre such as sisal, and alcoholic beverages such as tequila.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: age
trans_list: dorosłość | pełnoletniość
sense:
(uncountable) Maturity; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: age
trans_list: wiek | etap
sense:
(astrology) One of the twelve divisions of a Great Year, equal to roughly 2000 years and governed by one of the zodiacal signs; a Platonic month.


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: age
trans_list: życie | wiek
sense:
(countable) Lifespan, lifetime; the total time that some being is alive from birth to death (or some category of beings, on average).


lexentry: eng/age__Noun__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: age
trans_list: wiek | era | etap
sense:
(countable, poker) The entitlement of the player to the left of the dealer to pass the first round in betting, and then to come in last or stay out; also, the player holding this position; the eldest hand.


lexentry: eng/age_limit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: age limit
trans_list: granica wieku
sense:
A restriction placed on an activity based on the age of the participants; either lower or higher limit.


lexentry: eng/age_of_consent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: age of consent
trans_list: wiek przyzwolenia
sense:
(legal) The age at which a person is legally considered to be mature enough to engage willingly in sexual intercourse, so that it is not a crime for someone else to have sex with the person.


lexentry: eng/age_of_majority__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: age of majority
trans_list: pełnoletniość | pełnoletność
sense:
(legal) The age at which the rights and privileges of an adult are legally granted or recognized; i.e.; the age where a person ceases to be a minor legally and becomes a legal adult.


lexentry: eng/age_of_reason__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: age of reason
trans_list: wiek rozumu
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) Seven years of age, at which age a person is morally liable for the sins that he or she commits.


lexentry: eng/age_of_reason__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: age of reason
trans_list: wiek rozumu
sense:
(by extension) Age at which a person is able to distinguish right from wrong and make their own decisions.


lexentry: eng/ageism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ageism
trans_list: ageizm
sense:
The treating of a person or people, especially older people, differently from others based on assumptions, prejudices or/and stereotypes relating to their age.


lexentry: eng/agency__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: agency
trans_list: agencja
sense:
The office or function of an agent; also, the relationship between a principal and that person's agent.


lexentry: eng/agency__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: agency
trans_list: agencja
sense:
An establishment engaged in doing business for another; also, the place of business or the district of such an agency.


lexentry: eng/agency__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: agency
trans_list: agencja | urząd
sense:
A department or other administrative unit of a government; also, the office or headquarters of, or the district administered by, such unit of government.


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: agent
trans_list: pełnomocnik | plenipotent
sense:
One who acts for, or in the place of, another (the principal), by that person's authority; someone entrusted to act on behalf of or in behalf of another, such as to transact business for them.


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: agent
trans_list: agent | agentka
sense:
Someone who works for an intelligence agency: whether an officer or employee thereof or anyone else who agrees to help their efforts (for ideology, for money, as blackmailee, or otherwise).


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: agent
trans_list: czynnik | środek
sense:
An active power or cause or substance; something (e.g. biological, chemical, thermal, etc.) that has the power to produce an effect.


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: agent
trans_list: agent
sense:
(computing) In the client-server model, the part of the system that performs information preparation and exchange on behalf of a client or server. Especially in the phrase “intelligent agent” it implies some kind of autonomous process which can communicate with other agents to perform some collective task on behalf of one or more humans.


lexentry: eng/agent__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: agent
trans_list: agens
sense:
(grammar) The participant of a situation that carries out the action in this situation, e.g. "the boy" in the sentences "The boy kicked the ball" and "The ball was kicked by the boy".


lexentry: eng/agent_noun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agent noun
trans_list: wykonawca czasownika
sense:
(grammar) A noun that denotes an agent (human or nonhuman) that performs the action denoted by the verb from which the noun is derived, such as "rider" derived from "to ride", or "cutter" derived from "to cut".


lexentry: eng/agent_provocateur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agent provocateur
trans_list: prowokator
sense:
A person who secretly disrupts a group's activities from within the group, particularly by encouraging or committing illegal acts to discredit the group or expose them to prosecution; an instigator, troublemaker.


lexentry: eng/ageratum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ageratum
trans_list: żeniszek
sense:
Any of the genus Ageratum of tropical American herbs, annuals and perennials, from the sunflower family Asteraceae, tribe Eupatorieae; they are sometimes used in floral displays.


lexentry: eng/aggiornamento__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aggiornamento
trans_list: reforma
sense:
A bringing up to date, especially of the Roman Catholic Church by the Second Vatican Council of 1962-65; modernization.


lexentry: eng/agglomerate__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: agglomerate
trans_list: aglomerat
sense:
(geology, vulcanology) A mass of angular volcanic fragments united by heat; distinguished from conglomerate.


lexentry: eng/agglomeration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: agglomeration
trans_list: aglomeracja
sense:
(geography) An extended city area comprising the built-up area of a central city and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area.


lexentry: eng/agglutinate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agglutinate
trans_list: aglutynować
sense:
(transitive) To unite, or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous substance; to unite by causing an adhesion of substances.


lexentry: eng/agglutination__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: agglutination
trans_list: aglutynacja
sense:
(linguistics) Combination in which root words are united with little or no change of form or loss of meaning. See agglutinative.


lexentry: eng/agglutinin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agglutinin
trans_list: aglutynina
sense:
A substance that causes particles or cells to clump#Verb; it may be an antibody, a lectin, or otherwise.


lexentry: eng/aggravate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aggravate
trans_list: pogarszać
sense:
To make (an offence) worse or more severe; to increase in offensiveness or heinousness. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/aggravating_circumstance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aggravating circumstance
trans_list: okoliczność obciążająca
sense:
(legal, or general usage, chiefly, in the plural) A factor that increases the culpability or deleterious consequences of a wrongful act.


lexentry: eng/aggravation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aggravation
trans_list: pogarszający
sense:
An extrinsic circumstance or accident which increases the guilt of a crime or the misery of a calamity.


lexentry: eng/aggregate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aggregate
trans_list: agregat
sense:
A mass, assemblage, or sum of particulars; something consisting of elements but considered as a whole.


lexentry: eng/aggregate__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aggregate
trans_list: agregat
sense:
A mass formed by the union of homogeneous particles; – in distinction from a compound, formed by the union of heterogeneous particles.


lexentry: eng/aggregate__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: aggregate
trans_list: kruszywo
sense:
Solid particles of low aspect ratio added to a composite material, as distinguished from the matrix and any fibers or reinforcements; especially the gravel and sand added to concrete.


lexentry: eng/aggressive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aggressive
trans_list: agresywny | napastliwy | wojowniczy
sense:
Characterized by aggression; highly combative; prone to behave in a way that involves attacking (especially if unjustly) or arguing.


lexentry: eng/aggressor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aggressor
trans_list: agresor | agresorka
sense:
The person or country that first attacks or makes an aggression; that begins hostility or a quarrel; an assailant.


lexentry: eng/aggro__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aggro
trans_list: prowokować
sense:
(gaming, transitive) To cause (a non-player character) to become aggressive towards the player's character.


lexentry: eng/agility__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agility
trans_list: zwinność | zręczność
sense:
(uncountable) The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily; quickness of motion


lexentry: eng/agio__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agio
trans_list: ażio
sense:
(economics, finance) The premium or percentage on a better sort of money when it is given in exchange for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on foreign bills of exchange is sometimes called agio.


lexentry: eng/agitation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agitation
trans_list: agitacja
sense:
The act of agitating, or the state of being agitated; the state of being disrupted with violence, or with irregular action; commotion.


lexentry: eng/agnosticism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: agnosticism
trans_list: agnostycyzm
sense:
The view that the existence of God or of all deities is unknown, unknowable, unproven, or unprovable.


lexentry: eng/agnotology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agnotology
trans_list: agnotologia
sense:
The study of culturally-induced ignorance or doubt, particularly the publication of inaccurate or misleading scientific data.


lexentry: eng/agon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agon
trans_list: agon
sense:
(countable) A struggle or contest; conflict; especially between the protagonist and antagonist in a literary work.


lexentry: eng/agon__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: agon
trans_list: agon
sense:
(uncountable) A two-player board game played on a hexagonally-tiled board, popular in Victorian times.


lexentry: eng/agonist__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: agonist
trans_list: agonista
sense:
(biochemistry, pharmacology) A molecule that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiological reaction.


lexentry: eng/agorism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agorism
trans_list: agoryzm
sense:
(politics, economics) A revolutionary political philosophy that advocates the creation of a voluntaryist society by means of counter-economics (i.e. black market).


lexentry: eng/agouti__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agouti
trans_list: aguti złocisty
sense:
A rodent of the genus Dasyprocta, similar in appearance to a guinea pig but having longer legs, mainly native to Central and South America.


lexentry: eng/agranulocyte__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agranulocyte
trans_list: agranulocyt
sense:
(biochemistry) Any of several kinds of white blood cell characterised by the absence of granules in the cytoplasm.


lexentry: eng/agranulocytosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agranulocytosis
trans_list: agranulocytoza
sense:
(disease) An acute condition involving a severe and dangerous leukopenia, particularly of neutrophils, causing a neutropenia in the circulating blood.


lexentry: eng/agree__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agree
trans_list: zgadzać się | zgodzić się | uzgadniać | uzgodnić
sense:
(intransitive) To be in harmony about an opinion, statement, or action; to have a consistent idea between two or more people.


lexentry: eng/agree_to_disagree__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agree to disagree
trans_list: respektować odmienne zdanie
sense:
(idiomatic, of two persons or other parties) To accept each other's opinions and cease arguing; to peacefully acknowledge that an agreement will not be reached.


lexentry: eng/agreement__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: agreement
trans_list: zgoda | porozumienie
sense:
(uncountable) A state whereby several parties share a view or opinion; the state of not contradicting one another.


lexentry: eng/agreement__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: agreement
trans_list: kongruencja | związek zgody
sense:
(uncountable, linguistics, grammar) Rules that exist in many languages that force some parts of a sentence to be used or inflected differently depending on certain attributes of other parts.


lexentry: eng/agreement_in_principle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agreement in principle
trans_list: porozumienie co do zasady
sense:
(legal) A legally enforceable, but incompletely specified, agreement between parties that identifies the fundamental terms that are intended to be or are agreed upon.


lexentry: eng/agribusiness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agribusiness
trans_list: agrobiznes
sense:
(uncountable) Business (especially big business) connected to agriculture, either owning or operating large-scale farms, or catering to those who do. [from 1950s]


lexentry: eng/agribusiness__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: agribusiness
trans_list: agrobiznes
sense:
(countable) A business or group of businesses engaged in agriculture, particularly if using modern farming techniques in the process.


lexentry: eng/agriculture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agriculture
trans_list: rolnictwo
sense:
The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of livestock.


lexentry: eng/agrimony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agrimony
trans_list: rzepik | jabłecznik
sense:
Any of several perennial herbaceous plants, of the genus Agrimonia, that have spikes of yellow flowers.


lexentry: eng/agritourism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agritourism
trans_list: agroturystyka
sense:
A form of tourism in which tourists stay in farms or agricultural villages, either to experience farm life, or as a base for exploring the countryside


lexentry: eng/agrochemical__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agrochemical
trans_list: agrochemikalia
sense:
(chemistry) A chemical compound, such as a hormone, fungicide, or insecticide, that improves the production of crops.


lexentry: eng/agroecosystem__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agroecosystem
trans_list: agroekosystem
sense:
A conceptual model of an agricultural system (crop, farm or whole economy), relating its functions to its inputs and outputs.


lexentry: eng/agroforestry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agroforestry
trans_list: agroleśnictwo
sense:
An agricultural approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock.


lexentry: eng/agronomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: agronomy
trans_list: agronomia
sense:
The science of utilizing plants, animals and soils for food, fuel, feed, and fiber and more. To do this effectively and sustainably, agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, animal sciences and soil science.


lexentry: eng/ah__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ah
trans_list: a | ach
sense:
An expression of relief, relaxation, comfort, confusion, understanding, wonder, awe, etc. according to uttered inflection.


lexentry: eng/aha_moment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aha moment
trans_list: eureka
sense:
(idiomatic) The moment or instant at which the solution to a problem, or some other significant realization, becomes clear.


lexentry: eng/ahead_of_one's_time__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ahead of one's time
trans_list: wyprzedzać swoje czasy
sense:
(idiomatic) In advance of concurrent commonly accepted ideas; showing characteristics of changes yet to be.


lexentry: eng/ahold__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ahold
trans_list: ostrym kursem
sense:
(nautical, obsolete, of a ship) Brought to lie as near to the windward as it can to get out to sea, and thereby held steady.


lexentry: eng/aide-de-camp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aide-de-camp
trans_list: adiutant | adiutantka
sense:
A military officer who serves as an adjutant to a higher-ranking officer, prince or other high political dignitary.


lexentry: eng/aiglet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aiglet
trans_list: aglet | skuwka
sense:
A tip, originally of metal and often decorative, on a ribbon or cord that makes lacing two parts of a garment or garments together easier, as in corset lacings, "points" (lacing hose or trousers to jacket or doublet) or sleeves to a bodice.


lexentry: eng/ail__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ail
trans_list: brakować
sense:
(transitive) To cause to suffer; to trouble, afflict. (Now chiefly in interrogative or indefinite constructions.)


lexentry: eng/ailette__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ailette
trans_list: skrzydełko
sense:
(historical) A small square piece of armour, normally made of boiled leather, worn on the shoulders of knights.


lexentry: eng/aim__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aim
trans_list: celować | mierzyć | wycelować
sense:
(transitive) To direct or point (e.g. a weapon), at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object


lexentry: eng/aioli__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aioli
trans_list: ailloli
sense:
A type of sauce made from garlic and olive oil, often with egg and lemon juice and similar to mayonnaise.


lexentry: eng/air__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: air
trans_list: powietrze
sense:
(uncountable, usually, with the) The apparently open space above the ground which this substance fills, (historical) formerly thought to be limited by the firmament but (meteorology) now considered to be surrounded by the near-vacuum of outer space.


lexentry: eng/air_chamber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air chamber
trans_list: zasobnik na powietrze
sense:
A chamber, in a hydraulic system, in which air (or some other gas) is compressed to regulate the flow of a fluid.


lexentry: eng/air_commodore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air commodore
trans_list: komandor lotnictwa
sense:
A person holding a rank, in the Royal Air Force and many Commonwealth air forces, between that of group captain and air vice-marshal, equivalent to an army brigadier general, or equivalent rank in other air forces.


lexentry: eng/air_defense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air defense
trans_list: obrona powietrzna | obrona przeciwlotnicza
sense:
(military, weaponry) The use of systems, equipment, and personnel to prevent or reduce the impact of an attack by enemy aircraft or missiles.


lexentry: eng/air_filter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air filter
trans_list: filtr powietrza
sense:
A filter for removing dust and other particles from a stream of air, typically used in the air intake of an internal combustion engine, the output of an air compressor, the supply duct of a forced-air furnace, etc.


lexentry: eng/air_gun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air gun
trans_list: wiatrówka
sense:
A gun that propels a projectile by compressed air or similar compressed gas (such as carbon dioxide).


lexentry: eng/air_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air out
trans_list: przewietrzać | przewietrzyć
sense:
(idiomatic) To expose to air; to leave open or spread out, as to allow odor or moisture to dissipate.


lexentry: eng/air_pistol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air pistol
trans_list: pistolet gazowy
sense:
A pistol that propels a pellet or other projectile by using compressed gas, rather than an explosion of gunpowder or other means.


lexentry: eng/air_rifle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air rifle
trans_list: wiatrówka
sense:
A rifle that propels a pellet or other projectile by using compressed gas, rather than an explosion of gunpowder or other means.


lexentry: eng/air_supremacy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air supremacy
trans_list: przewaga w powietrzu
sense:
In a war, the most favorable state of control of the air: air superiority so complete that the opposing air force is incapable of effective interference.


lexentry: eng/air_traffic_control__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: air traffic control
trans_list: kontrola ruchu lotniczego
sense:
A system designed to give assistance to aircraft, to prevent collisions and to manage aircraft flow.


lexentry: eng/airbag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airbag
trans_list: poduszka powietrzna
sense:
(automotive) A protective system in automobiles in which when a crash occurs, a bag containing nitrogen, formed by the explosive decomposition of sodium azide, quickly inflates in front of the driver or passenger, preventing injury to the head. Side air bags, including the back seat passengers, also prevent injury.


lexentry: eng/airbrush__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airbrush
trans_list: aerograf
sense:
A miniature, handheld paint sprayer, powered by compressed air or other gas, used for delicate, artistic painting, or sometimes retouching of photographs.


lexentry: eng/aircraft_carrier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aircraft carrier
trans_list: lotniskowiec | awiomatka
sense:
A warship designed to carry aircraft, serving as a seagoing air base, with a deck on which aircraft can be launched and landed.


lexentry: eng/airfield__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airfield
trans_list: lotnisko | aerodrom | lądowisko
sense:
(aviation) An open field designated for the taking off and landing of aircraft, but which, unlike an airport, does not necessarily have terminals or paved runways.


lexentry: eng/airlock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airlock
trans_list: śluza powietrzna
sense:
A sealed, airtight chamber, such as in a manned spacecraft or submarine, used to provide access to and from the sealed area without allowing air out or water in.


lexentry: eng/airlock__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: airlock
trans_list: pokój z drzwiami z obu stron
sense:
(architecture, informal) A vestibule, foyer or entranceway with doors to the exterior on one end and doors to the interior on the other, functioning to keep indoor and outdoor air, humidity, and air temperatures separate.


lexentry: eng/airport__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airport
trans_list: lotnisko | port lotniczy | aerodrom | aeroport
sense:
An airfield (an area designated for the takeoff and landing of aircraft), including one or more runways and (for commercial airports) one or more passenger terminals.


lexentry: eng/airsoft__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airsoft
trans_list: airsoft
sense:
A modern combat sport in which participants eliminate their opponents by hitting them with spherical non-metallic pellets launched from a type of air gun running compressed air or similar compressed gas (e.g., carbon dioxide).


lexentry: eng/airspace__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: airspace
trans_list: przestrzeń powietrzna
sense:
(politics, aviation) A specified portion of the atmosphere, especially that under the technical aviation control and/or jurisdiction of a particular state over which territory (and territorial waters) it lies.


lexentry: eng/ajvar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ajvar
trans_list: ajwar
sense:
A relish made principally out of red bell peppers, sometimes with eggplant, garlic and chili pepper, predominantly popular in the Western Balkans.


lexentry: eng/ajwain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ajwain
trans_list: ajowan | chropawiec wonny
sense:
A plant in the family Apiaceae (Trachyspermum ammi), and its seed-like fruit, which is used (especially in South Asian cooking) for its thyme-like flavor.


lexentry: eng/akanye__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: akanye
trans_list: akanie
sense:
(phonology) A case of vowel reduction in Slavic languages; the merger of pretonic non-high vowel phonemes (/o/, /e/ and /a/).


lexentry: eng/akin__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: akin
trans_list: pokrewny | spokrewniony | zbliżony
sense:
(often, followed by to) Allied by nature; similar; partaking of the same properties; of the same kind.


lexentry: eng/alalia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alalia
trans_list: alalia
sense:
(medicine, obsolete) The loss of the ability to speak, especially due to paralysis of the vocal cords.


lexentry: eng/alanine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alanine
trans_list: alanina
sense:
(amino acid, uncountable) A nonessential amino acid 2-aminopropanoic acid found in most animal proteins


lexentry: eng/alarm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alarm
trans_list: alarm
sense:
Any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warning sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger.


lexentry: eng/alarm__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: alarm
trans_list: alarm
sense:
Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden apprehension of being attacked by surprise.


lexentry: eng/alarm__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alarm
trans_list: alarmować | zaalarmować
sense:
(transitive) To give (someone) notice of approaching danger or necessary action; to rouse to vigilance; to put on the alert.


lexentry: eng/alarm__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: alarm
trans_list: alarmować | zaalarmować
sense:
(transitive, of a device) To produce a warning of approaching danger or necessary action; to emit a signal intended to rouse a recipient to vigilance or put them on the alert.


lexentry: eng/alb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alb
trans_list: alba
sense:
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Anglicanism, Roman Catholicism) A long, white robe worn by priests and other ministers, underneath most of the other vestments.


lexentry: eng/albatross__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: albatross
trans_list: albatros
sense:
Any of various large seabirds of the family Diomedeidae ranging widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific and having a hooked beak and long narrow wings.


lexentry: eng/albatross_around_one's_neck__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: albatross around one's neck
trans_list: kamień u szyi
sense:
(idiomatic, figurative) A characteristic, possession, associate, or previous deed that hinders one's ability to succeed.


lexentry: eng/albedo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: albedo
trans_list: albedo
sense:
(physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) The fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body, commonly expressed as a percentage.


lexentry: eng/albedo__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: albedo
trans_list: albedo
sense:
(botany) The whitish inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits that is a source of pectin, commonly referred to as the pith.


lexentry: eng/albinism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: albinism
trans_list: albinizm | bielactwo
sense:
Congenital lack of melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); the condition of being albino.


lexentry: eng/albino__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: albino
trans_list: albinotyczny | bielaczy
sense:
Congenitally lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); born with albinism.


lexentry: eng/albino__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: albino
trans_list: albinos | albinoska
sense:
(countable) A person or animal congenitally lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); one born with albinism.


lexentry: eng/albumin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: albumin
trans_list: albumina
sense:
(protein) Any of a class of monomeric proteins that are soluble in water, and are coagulated by heat; they occur in egg white, milk etc; they function as carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and play a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume.


lexentry: eng/alchemy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alchemy
trans_list: alchemia | alchimia
sense:
(uncountable) The premodern and early modern study of physical changes, particularly in Europe, Arabia, and China; and chiefly in pursuit of an elixir of immortality, a universal panacea, and/or a philosopher's stone able to transmute base metals into gold, eventually developing into chemistry.


lexentry: eng/alcid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alcid
trans_list: alka
sense:
(ornithology) A bird of the family Alcidae, including auks, auklets, razorbills, dovekies, guillemots, and puffins.


lexentry: eng/alcohol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alcohol
trans_list: alkohol
sense:
(organic compound, countable) Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).


lexentry: eng/alcoholate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alcoholate
trans_list: alkoholan
sense:
(obsolete, organic chemistry) A crystalline salt containing alcohol in place of water of crystallization.


lexentry: eng/alcoholism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alcoholism
trans_list: alkoholizm | pijaństwo
sense:
A chronic disease caused by compulsive and uncontrollable consumption of alcoholic beverages, leading to addiction and deterioration in health and social functioning.


lexentry: eng/alcoholize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alcoholize
trans_list: alkoholizować
sense:
To convert into alcohol by fermentation, or to increase the concentration of alcohol by rectification


lexentry: eng/alcohology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alcohology
trans_list: alkohologia
sense:
(sociology) The study of the effects of alcohol; on living organisms, people or social environments.


lexentry: eng/aldehyde__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aldehyde
trans_list: aldehyd
sense:
(organic compound) Any of a large class of reactive organic compounds (R·CHO) having a carbonyl functional group attached to one hydrocarbon radical and a hydrogen atom.


lexentry: eng/alder_buckthorn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alder buckthorn
trans_list: kruszyna pospolita
sense:
A deciduous shrub, Frangula alnus, native to Europe and neighboring areas of Asia and Africa, bearing glossy leaves, flowers in sessile umbels, and inedible red berries that turn black when ripe, and historically used as a laxative and to produce dyes.


lexentry: eng/aldolase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aldolase
trans_list: aldolazy
sense:
(enzyme) An enzyme, present in some tissue, that catalyses the conversion of phosphates of fructose to those of glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone


lexentry: eng/aldose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aldose
trans_list: aldoza
sense:
(organic chemistry, carbohydrate) Any of a class of monosaccharides having an aldehyde or hemiacetal functional group.


lexentry: eng/aldosterone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aldosterone
trans_list: aldosteron
sense:
(steroid hormone) A mineralocorticoid hormone, secreted by the adrenal cortex, that regulates the balance of sodium and potassium in the body.


lexentry: eng/alembic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alembic
trans_list: alembik
sense:
An early chemical apparatus, consisting of two retorts connected by a tube, used to purify substances by distillation.


lexentry: eng/aleph-null__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aleph-null
trans_list: alef zero
sense:
(set theory) The first of the transfinite cardinal numbers; corresponds to the number of natural numbers.


lexentry: eng/aleph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aleph
trans_list: alef
sense:
The first letter of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, and its descendants in descended Semitic scripts, such as Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, ʾaleph), Aramaic 𐡀 (ʾ), Classical Syriac ܐ ('ālaph), Hebrew א (aleph) and Arabic ا (ʾalif).


lexentry: eng/alexandrine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alexandrine
trans_list: aleksandryn
sense:
(poetry) A line of poetic meter having twelve syllables, usually divided into two or three equal parts.


lexentry: eng/alexandrite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alexandrite
trans_list: aleksandryt
sense:
(mineral) A form of chrysoberyl that displays a colour change dependent upon the light source, along with strong pleochroism.


lexentry: eng/alexia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alexia
trans_list: aleksja
sense:
(medicine, neurology) The inability, due to a cerebral disorder, to comprehend or understand writing.


lexentry: eng/alexin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alexin
trans_list: aleksyna | dopełniacz
sense:
(biochemistry, dated) A protective substance that exists in the serum or other bodily fluid and is capable of killing microorganisms; complement.


lexentry: eng/alga__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alga
trans_list: alga | glon
sense:
(biology) Any of many aquatic photosynthetic organisms, including the seaweeds, whose size ranges from a single cell to giant kelps and whose biochemistry and forms are very diverse, some being eukaryotic.


lexentry: eng/algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebra
trans_list: algebra
sense:
(uncountable, mathematics) Elementary algebra: A system for representing and manipulating unknown quantities (variables) in equations.


lexentry: eng/algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: algebra
trans_list: algebra
sense:
(uncountable, medicine, historical, rare) The surgical treatment of a dislocated or fractured bone. Also (countable) : a dislocation or fracture.


lexentry: eng/algebraic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: algebraic
trans_list: algebraiczny
sense:
(mathematics, of an expression, equation, or function) Containing only numbers, letters, and arithmetic operators.


lexentry: eng/algebraic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: algebraic
trans_list: algebraiczny
sense:
(algebra, number theory, of a number) Which is a root of some polynomial whose coefficients are rational.


lexentry: eng/algebraic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: algebraic
trans_list: algebraiczny
sense:
(chess, of notation) Describing squares by file (referred to in intrinsic order rather than by the piece starting on that file) and rank, both with reference to a fixed point rather than a player-dependent perspective.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_closure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraic closure
trans_list: domknięcie algebraiczne
sense:
(algebra, field theory, of a field F) A field G such that every polynomial over F splits completely over G (i.e., every element of G is a root of some polynomial over F and every root of every polynomial over F is an element of G).


lexentry: eng/algebraic_geometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraic geometry
trans_list: geometria algebraiczna
sense:
(mathematics) A branch of mathematics that studies algebraic varieties (solution sets of polynomial equations) and their generalisations, using techniques from both algebra (chiefly commutative algebra) and geometry.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_graph_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraic graph theory
trans_list: algebraiczna teoria grafów
sense:
(uncountable, mathematics, graph theory) The subbranch of graph theory in which algebraic methods are applied to problems about graphs.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_integer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraic integer
trans_list: algebraiczna liczba całkowita
sense:
(algebra, number theory) A real or complex number (more generally, an element of a number field) which is a root of a monic polynomial whose coefficients are integers; equivalently, an algebraic number whose minimal polynomial (lowest-degree polynomial of which it is a root and whose leading coefficient is 1) has integer coefficients.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraic number
trans_list: liczba algebraiczna
sense:
(algebra, number theory) A complex number (more generally, an element of a number field) that is a root of a polynomial whose coefficients are integers; equivalently, a complex number (or element of a number field) that is a root of a monic polynomial whose coefficients are rational numbers.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_number_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraic number theory
trans_list: algebraiczna teoria liczb
sense:
(mathematics, number theory) The branch of number theory in which number-theoretic questions are expressed in terms of properties of algebraic number fields or related objects, and studied using techniques from algebra.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_structure__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: algebraic structure
trans_list: struktura algebraiczna
sense:
(more formally) A mathematical object comprising a carrier set (aka underlying set or domain), an optional scalar set, a set of operations (typically binary operations, but otherwise each of finite arity) and a set of identities (axioms) which the operations must satisfy.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_topology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraic topology
trans_list: topologia algebraiczna
sense:
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces.


lexentry: eng/algebraic_variety__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraic variety
trans_list: rozmaitość algebraiczna
sense:
(algebraic geometry) The set of solutions of a given system of polynomial equations over the real or complex numbers; any of certain generalisations of such a set that preserves the geometric intuition implicit in the original definition.


lexentry: eng/algebraically_closed__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algebraically closed
trans_list: algebraicznie domknięty
sense:
(algebra, field theory, of a field) Which contains as an element every root of every nonconstant univariate polynomial definable over it (i.e., over said field).


lexentry: eng/algid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algid
trans_list: chłodny
sense:
(medicine) Cold, chilly; used of low body temperature, especially in connection with certain diseases such as malaria and cholera.


lexentry: eng/algin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algin
trans_list: algina
sense:
Any of various gelatinous gums, derivatives of alginic acid, derived from marine brown algae and used especially as emulsifiers or thickeners.


lexentry: eng/alginic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alginic acid
trans_list: kwas alginowy
sense:
(biochemistry) An insoluble colloidal acid (C6H8O6)n that in the form of its salts is a constituent of the cell walls of brown algae and is used as a food additive.


lexentry: eng/algolagnia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algolagnia
trans_list: algolagnia
sense:
A physical condition that causes a person to gain sexual pleasure by suffering pain, particularly to erogenous zones.


lexentry: eng/algorithm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algorithm
trans_list: algorytm
sense:
(countable) A collection of ordered steps that solve a mathematical problem. A precise step-by-step plan for a computational procedure that possibly begins with an input value and yields an output value in a finite number of steps.


lexentry: eng/algorithm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: algorithm
trans_list: algorytm
sense:
(loosely) A flowchart illustrating a decision-making process for human users, especially health care professionals.


lexentry: eng/algorithmics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: algorithmics
trans_list: algorytmika | teoria algorytmów
sense:
(mathematics, computing) The subdiscipline of informatics or computer science that studies algorithms.


lexentry: eng/alias__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alias
trans_list: alias
sense:
Otherwise; at another time; in other circumstances; otherwise called; also known as; formerly known as.


lexentry: eng/alias__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alias
trans_list: alias
sense:
(legal) Used to connect the different names of a person who has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause doubtful


lexentry: eng/aliasing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aliasing
trans_list: krenelaż
sense:
(signal processing, graphics, sound recording) Distortion caused by a low sampling rate, such as a moiré effect or jaggies.


lexentry: eng/alibi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alibi
trans_list: alibi
sense:
(legal) The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove being in another place when the alleged act was committed.


lexentry: eng/alicyclic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alicyclic
trans_list: alicykliczny
sense:
(organic chemistry) Of a class of organic compounds having both aliphatic (chain) and cyclic (ring) structure


lexentry: eng/alien__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alien
trans_list: cudzoziemski
sense:
Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign.


lexentry: eng/alien__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alien
trans_list: obcy
sense:
A person, animal, plant, or other thing which is from outside the family, group, organization, or territory under consideration.


lexentry: eng/alienate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alienate
trans_list: alienować
sense:
To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of.


lexentry: eng/alienation__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: alienation
trans_list: alienacja | wyobcowanie
sense:
(Marxism) The estrangement of people from aspects of their human nature as a consequence of the division of labour and living in a society of stratified social classes.


lexentry: eng/align__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: align
trans_list: wpłacać
sense:
(intransitive, reflexive) To identify (oneself) with, match, or support the behaviour, thoughts, etc. of another person, organization, or country.


lexentry: eng/align__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: align
trans_list: wpłacać
sense:
(transitive, computing) To store (data) in a way that is consistent with the memory architecture, i.e. by beginning each item at an offset equal to some multiple of the word size.


lexentry: eng/alignment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alignment
trans_list: nastawienie
sense:
The process of adjusting a mechanism such that its parts are aligned; the condition of having its parts so adjusted.


lexentry: eng/alimony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alimony
trans_list: alimenty
sense:
(legal, sometimes, pejorative) A court-mandated allowance made to a former spouse by a divorced or legally separated person.


lexentry: eng/aliphatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aliphatic
trans_list: alifatyczny
sense:
(organic chemistry) Of a class of organic compounds in which the carbon atoms are arranged in an open chain.


lexentry: eng/aliquant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aliquant
trans_list: podwielokrotność
sense:
(mathematics, dated) An integer that is less than another, but that does not divide the other integer into integral parts.


lexentry: eng/aliquot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aliquot
trans_list: próbka
sense:
(chemistry, biotechnology, broadly) A portion of a total amount (of some substance or a sample or specimen thereof, usually a solution or suspension).


lexentry: eng/alive_and_kicking__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alive and kicking
trans_list: o dobrym zdrowiu
sense:
(idiomatic) Healthy; vital; in good health, particularly in opposition to unfavorable circumstances.


lexentry: eng/alizarin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alizarin
trans_list: alizaryna
sense:
(organic compound) A red substance, 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, extracted from madder root and used as a dye.


lexentry: eng/alkali__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkali
trans_list: alkalia
sense:
(chemistry) One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, soda ash, caustic soda, potash, ammonia, and lithia, whose distinguishing characteristics are dissolving in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.


lexentry: eng/alkali_metal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkali metal
trans_list: litowiec
sense:
(inorganic chemistry) Any of the soft, light, reactive metals of Group 1 of the periodic table; lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.


lexentry: eng/alkaline_earth_metal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkaline earth metal
trans_list: berylowiec | metal ziem alkalicznych | wapniowiec
sense:
(inorganic chemistry) Any of the elements of group II of the periodic table; they are low-density metals that react readily with water to form strongly basic hydroxides, and with many acids to form salts.


lexentry: eng/alkaliphile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkaliphile
trans_list: alkalifil
sense:
Any organism that lives and thrives in an alkaline environment, such as a soda lake; a form of extremophile.


lexentry: eng/alkaloid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkaloid
trans_list: alkaloid | alkaloidy
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any of many organic (often heterocyclic) bases that occur in nature and often have medicinal properties.


lexentry: eng/alkene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkene
trans_list: alken
sense:
(organic compound) An unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more carbon–carbon double bonds.


lexentry: eng/alkoxide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkoxide
trans_list: alkoholan
sense:
(organic compound) Any organic compound derived from an alcohol by replacement of a hydrogen atom with a metal or other cationic species


lexentry: eng/alkyl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkyl
trans_list: alkil
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any of a series of univalent radicals of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons. In other words, an alkane minus one hydrogen atom.


lexentry: eng/alkylate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkylate
trans_list: alkilować
sense:
(organic chemistry) To add one or more alkyl groups to a compound, especially by reacting with an alkylating agent


lexentry: eng/alkylation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alkylation
trans_list: alkilacja
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any reaction in which an alkyl group is added to a molecule; used in the production of high-octane petroleum fuels.


lexentry: eng/all-points_bulletin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all-points bulletin
trans_list: list gończy
sense:
(law enforcement) A broadcast issued from one law enforcement agency to another, typically containing information about a wanted suspect or a person of interest.


lexentry: eng/all-you-can-eat__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all-you-can-eat
trans_list: oferujący nielimitowane jedzenie
sense:
(literally) Offering unlimited food to a diner at a restaurant for a fixed price for as long as the diner continues to eat.


lexentry: eng/all__Determiner__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all
trans_list: wszystek | wszystko
sense:
Every individual or anything of the given class, with no exceptions (the noun or noun phrase denoting the class must be plural or uncountable).


lexentry: eng/all_cats_are_grey_in_the_dark__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all cats are grey in the dark
trans_list: w nocy wszystkie koty są czarne
sense:
(UK, sometimes, _, vulgar, _, &, _) Sex is enjoyable regardless of the physical attractiveness or social station of one's partner.


lexentry: eng/all_hail__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all hail
trans_list: niech żyje
sense:
Used as a friendly or respectful salutation to acclaim, greet, or welcome someone: (I wish you) all health or good fortune!


lexentry: eng/all_hail__Interjection__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: all hail
trans_list: niech żyje
sense:
Chiefly followed by to (someone or something): used as a salutation to indicate that someone or something is respected or welcome.


lexentry: eng/all_hands_on_deck__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all hands on deck
trans_list: wszystkie ręce na pokład
sense:
(nautical) An order, on board ship, for all seamen of all watches to muster on deck immediately; normally shortened to "All hands"


lexentry: eng/all_rights_reserved__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all rights reserved
trans_list: wszelkie prawa zastrzeżone
sense:
(idiomatic, legal) The copyright holder of a creative work reserves all copyright-related rights, typically including the right to publish the work, to make derivative works of it, to distribute it, to make profit from it, to license a number of these rights to other people, and to forbid these uses by any unauthorized people, thus being entitled to take legal action against infringement.


lexentry: eng/all_talk_and_no_action__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all talk and no action
trans_list: krowa, która dużo ryczy, mało mleka daje | pozornie groźny
sense:
(informal) Speaking, promising, or boasting much, but doing little; overpromising, but underdelivering.


lexentry: eng/all_that_glitters_is_not_gold__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all that glitters is not gold
trans_list: nie wszystko złoto, co się świeci
sense:
Things that appear valuable or worthwhile might not actually be so; things that appear nice might not be as good as they appear.


lexentry: eng/all_the_more__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: all the more
trans_list: tym bardziej
sense:
Even more; notably, but even more notably in light of additional information, either preceding or following the statement.


lexentry: eng/all_the_tea_in_China__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (idiomatic, hyperbole) Something very valuable or priceless.
written_rep: all the tea in China
trans_list:
za Chiny | za Chiny ludowe | za chińskiego boga | za nic na świecie | za skarby świata | za żadne pieniądze


lexentry: eng/allantois__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allantois
trans_list: omocznia
sense:
(anatomy) A sac, having a number of functions, that develops in the alimentary canal of the embryos of mammals, birds and reptiles.


lexentry: eng/allative_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allative case
trans_list: allatyw
sense:
(grammatical case) A case used to indicate movement onto, or to the adjacency of something. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositions to or onto, as in "to the house," "onto the house." Languages that use the allative case include Basque, Dyirbal, Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, and Lithuanian.


lexentry: eng/allegorize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allegorize
trans_list: alegoryzować
sense:
To create an allegory from (a character, an event or situation, etc.); also, to use one or more symbols to depict (a hidden, broader message about real-world issues and occurrences).


lexentry: eng/allegory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allegory
trans_list: alegoria
sense:
(uncountable, rhetoric) The use of symbols which may be interpreted to reveal a hidden, broader message, usually a moral or political one, about real-world issues and occurrences; also, the interpretation of such symbols.


lexentry: eng/allegory__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: allegory
trans_list: alegoria
sense:
A picture, story, or other form of communication in which one or more characters, events, or places are used to reveal a hidden, broader message about real-world issues and occurrences.


lexentry: eng/allegro__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allegro
trans_list: allegro
sense:
(music) A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played in a quick, lively tempo, faster than allegretto but slower than presto.


lexentry: eng/allele__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allele
trans_list: allel | allelomorf
sense:
(genetics) One of a number of alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given position, or locus, on a chromosome.


lexentry: eng/allergy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allergy
trans_list: alergia | uczulenie
sense:
(medicine, immunology, broadly) A disorder of the immune system causing adverse reactions to substances (allergens) not harmful to most and marked by the body's production of histamines and associated with atopy, anaphylaxis, and asthma; any condition of hypersensitivity to a substance.


lexentry: eng/allergy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allergy
trans_list: alergia | uczulenie
sense:
(medicine, immunology, strictly) Specifically, hypersensitivity of class I in the modern classification thereof: the immunoglobulin E–mediated type.


lexentry: eng/alley__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alley
trans_list: uliczka | aleja | alejka
sense:
A narrow street or passageway, especially one through the middle of a block giving access to the rear of lots of buildings.


lexentry: eng/alliance__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: alliance
trans_list: alians | przymierze | sojusz
sense:
(countable) A union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league.


lexentry: eng/alliance__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: alliance
trans_list: alians | sojusz
sense:
(countable) Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity.


lexentry: eng/allicin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allicin
trans_list: allicyna
sense:
(organic compound) An organic compound, diallyl thiosulfinate, obtained from garlic, with a variety of medicinal and antibacterial properties.


lexentry: eng/allied_health__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allied health
trans_list: pramedyczny
sense:
The range of health care services outside the scope of the medicine, dentistry and nursing professions, e.g. music therapy, physiotherapy, optometry, etc.


lexentry: eng/alligator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alligator
trans_list: aligator
sense:
Either of two species of large amphibious reptile, Alligator mississippiensis or Alligator sinensis, in the genus Alligator within order Crocodilia, which have sharp teeth and very strong jaws and are native to the Americas and China, respectively.


lexentry: eng/alligator_clip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alligator clip
trans_list: krokodylek
sense:
(electronics) A spring-loaded metal clip, usually attached to a wire and used to create a temporary electrical connection.


lexentry: eng/alligator_gar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alligator gar
trans_list: niszczuka krokodyla
sense:
A species of gar native to the US, Atractosteus spatula, known for its extremely large size (in excess of 200 lbs).


lexentry: eng/allision__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allision
trans_list: alizja
sense:
(nautical) The striking of a vessel against a fixed object; the act of alliding or an instance thereof.


lexentry: eng/alliteration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alliteration
trans_list: aliteracja
sense:
The repetition of consonant sounds or letters at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals; such repetition specifically involving stressed syllables.


lexentry: eng/allocortex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allocortex
trans_list: kora mózgowa heterotypowa
sense:
(anatomy) The heterogenetic cortex; part of the cerebral cortex characterized by fewer cell layers than the neocortex (i.e. fewer than six)


lexentry: eng/allodial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allodial
trans_list: alodialny
sense:
(usually, historical) Pertaining to land owned by someone absolutely, without any feudal obligations; held without acknowledgement of any superior; allodial title. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/allodium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allodium
trans_list: alodium
sense:
(dated, or, historical) Freehold land or property; land held in allodial tenure, or one's title to such land.


lexentry: eng/allogamy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allogamy
trans_list: alogamia | obcopylność
sense:
(biology) The fertilization of an ovum from one individual with the spermatozoa of another; cross-fertilization


lexentry: eng/allonge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allonge
trans_list: alonż | przedłużek | przedłużka
sense:
(legal, banking) A slip of paper attached to a negotiable instrument to hold endorsements should the document itself be unable to hold any more.


lexentry: eng/allosteric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allosteric
trans_list: allosteryczny
sense:
(biochemistry, of an enzyme) That binds a compound on an inactive site and thus changes macromolecular conformation or dynamics in order to become either active or inactive


lexentry: eng/allotrope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allotrope
trans_list: alotrop
sense:
(chemistry) Any form of an element that has a distinctly different molecular structure to another form of the same element, with different physical properties and often different chemical properties. [from 1847]


lexentry: eng/allotropy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allotropy
trans_list: alotropia
sense:
(chemistry) A property, exhibited by some elements, of existing in multiple forms with different atomic structures.


lexentry: eng/allowance__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: allowance
trans_list: wiatyk
sense:
An amount, portion, or share that is allotted or granted; a sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty, or as appropriate for any purpose.


lexentry: eng/allowance__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: allowance
trans_list: pozwolenie
sense:
(minting) A permissible deviation in the fineness and weight of coins, owing to the difficulty in securing exact conformity to the standard prescribed by law.


lexentry: eng/allowance__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: allowance
trans_list: konkurs
sense:
(engineering) A planned deviation between an exact dimension and a nominal or theoretical dimension.


lexentry: eng/alloy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alloy
trans_list: stop | aliaż
sense:
A metal that is a combination of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, a base metal.


lexentry: eng/allspice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allspice
trans_list: ziele angielskie
sense:
(uncountable) A spice; the dried and ground unripe fruit of Pimenta dioica, thought to combine the flavours of several spices, such as cinnamon, nutmeg and cloves.


lexentry: eng/allude__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allude
trans_list: pić | przymawiać
sense:
(intransitive) To refer to something indirectly or by suggestion; to invoke it by implication rather than mention.


lexentry: eng/allusion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: allusion
trans_list: aluzja
sense:
An indirect reference; a hint; a reference to something supposed to be known, but not explicitly mentioned.


lexentry: eng/alluvium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alluvium
trans_list: aluwium
sense:
soil, clay, silt or gravel deposited by flowing water, as it slows, in a river bed, delta, estuary or flood plain


lexentry: eng/ally__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ally
trans_list: sojusznik | aliant | aliantka | sojuszniczka
sense:
A person, group, state, etc., which is associated or united by treaty with another for a common (especially military or political) purpose; a confederate.


lexentry: eng/almah__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: almah
trans_list: almeja
sense:
An Egyptian female singer or dancing-girl used for entertainment; sometimes a prostitute. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/almanac__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: almanac
trans_list: almanach
sense:
(astronomy, navigation) A book or table listing nautical, astronomical, astrological or other events for the year; sometimes, but not essentially, containing historical and statistical information.


lexentry: eng/almandine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: almandine
trans_list: almandyn
sense:
(mineral) A type of garnet having a deep red color, inclining to purple, with the chemical formula Fe3Al2(SiO4)3.


lexentry: eng/almond__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: almond
trans_list: migdał
sense:
(uncountable) The colour of the kernel of an almond without its shell and thin seed coat, a creamy off-white colour.


lexentry: eng/almond_paste__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: almond paste
trans_list: pasta migdałowa
sense:
A type of confection made from ground almonds and sugar in equal quantities, bound with some syrup or other similar substance in order to form a paste.


lexentry: eng/almost__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: almost
trans_list: prawie | niemal
sense:
(mathematics) Up to, except for a negligible set (where negligible is not universally but contextually defined).


lexentry: eng/almucantar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: almucantar
trans_list: almukantarat | almukantar
sense:
(astronomy, archaic, or, historical) A small circle on the celestial sphere, parallel to the horizon, that is used in astronomy and navigation to show altitude of a star or any other heavenly body.


lexentry: eng/alnico__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alnico
trans_list: alniko
sense:
An alloy of aluminium, nickel and cobalt, sometimes alloyed with smaller amounts of iron, copper, titanium and used primarily in the manufacture of magnets.


lexentry: eng/alocasia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alocasia
trans_list: alokazja | zakleśń
sense:
Any of several tropical Asian plants, of the genus Alocasia, having heart- or arrowhead-shaped leaves.


lexentry: eng/aloe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aloe
trans_list: aloes
sense:
(in the plural) The resins of the tree Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. Aquilaria agallocha), known for their fragrant aroma, produced after infection by the fungus Phialophora parasitica.


lexentry: eng/aloe_vera__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aloe vera
trans_list: aloes zwyczajny
sense:
A plant of the species Aloe vera, grown as an ornamental, thought to have medicinal value; an extract, often a gel, made from the plant.


lexentry: eng/aloha_shirt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aloha shirt
trans_list: koszula hawajska
sense:
A collared shirt of a type originating in Hawaii, often brilliantly colored with floral or Polynesian patterns. [from 1930s]


lexentry: eng/alopecia__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: alopecia
trans_list: łysienie | alopecja
sense:
(medicine) Loss of hair (especially on the head) or loss of wool or feathers, whether natural or caused by disease.


lexentry: eng/alpaca__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alpaca
trans_list: alpaka
sense:
A sheep-like domesticated animal of the Andes, Vicugna pacos, in the camel family, closely related to the llama, guanaco, and vicuña.


lexentry: eng/alpenstock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alpenstock
trans_list: alpensztok
sense:
A stout adjustable walking stick with a metal point, used by mountain climbers and walkers in hilly or uneven terrain.


lexentry: eng/alpha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alpha
trans_list: alfa
sense:
The name of the first letter of the Greek alphabet (Α, α), followed by beta. In the Latin alphabet it is the predecessor to A.


lexentry: eng/alpha_fucks,_beta_bucks__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alpha fucks, beta bucks
trans_list: alfa szmaci, beta płaci
sense:
(vulgar, slang) Women prefer sex with alpha males but are willing to use beta males as a source of financial support.


lexentry: eng/alpha_male__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alpha male
trans_list: samiec alfa
sense:
(by extension) A dominant, assertive, protective, oftentimes successful, leadership-type man or male. [from 1990s]


lexentry: eng/alpha_particle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alpha particle
trans_list: cząstka alfa
sense:
(physics) A doubly positively charged nucleus of a helium-4 atom (consisting of two protons and two neutrons), emitted as a consequence of radioactivity.


lexentry: eng/alpha_privative__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alpha privative
trans_list: alpha privativum
sense:
(grammar) The prefix a- (or an- when prefixing a root which begins with a vowel) found in some English words of Greek derivation. It expresses negation or absence. The prefix has cognates in other Indo-European languages, including in- in Latin and un- in English, all traceable back to Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.


lexentry: eng/alpha_version__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alpha version
trans_list: wersja alfa
sense:
(computer, technology) An early version of a program or application, typically unstable, but useful to show what the product will do. Sometimes this stage is referred to as a preview version. Sometimes no more features are added after this release, but bug fixes continue. This release comes after a pre-alpha version and before a beta version. As opposed to a beta version an alpha version is usually not feature complete.


lexentry: eng/alphabet__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alphabet
trans_list: alfabet | abecadło
sense:
A writing system in which letters represent phonemes. (Contrast e.g. logography, a writing system in which each character represents a word, and syllabary, in which each character represents a syllable.)


lexentry: eng/alphabet_soup__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alphabet soup
trans_list: alfabeto
sense:
A type of soup that contains noodles in the shape of various alphabetical letters, sometimes also numbers.


lexentry: eng/alphabetical_order__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alphabetical order
trans_list: porządek alfabetyczny
sense:
The sequence of a collection of items (such as words in a dictionary) arranged in order by position in the alphabet.


lexentry: eng/alphanumeric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alphanumeric
trans_list: alfanumeryczny
sense:
Consisting of, or limited to, letters and/or numbers, especially the characters A to Z (lowercase and uppercase) and 0 to 9.


lexentry: eng/alphasyllabary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alphasyllabary
trans_list: abugida
sense:
A segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit, and where each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary; an abugida.


lexentry: eng/alphorn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alphorn
trans_list: róg alpejski
sense:
(musical instruments) A long, curved, wooden horn used by mountain-dwelling herders in the Alps, originally to call cattle but now only as musical instrument in classical and folk tunes.


lexentry: eng/alpine_chough__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alpine chough
trans_list: wieszczek
sense:
A species of bird in the crow family (Corvidae) (Pyrrhocorax graculus), that breeds locally in the highest mountains of southern Europe, the Alps, across central Asia and India.


lexentry: eng/alpine_combined__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alpine combined
trans_list: kombinacja alpejska
sense:
(skiing) An event in alpine skiing which combines runs on a downhill skiing course and a slalom course, for individual skiers.


lexentry: eng/alt-right__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alt-right
trans_list: alt-right | neoreakcja
sense:
(uncountable) An amorphous movement of right-wing white nationalists opposed to multiculturalism and egalitarianism by race and sex, mostly active on the Internet.


lexentry: eng/alt_key__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alt key
trans_list: alt
sense:
(computing) A key on a personal computer or terminal keyboard used in combination to alter the function of other keys.


lexentry: eng/altar_server__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: altar server
trans_list: ministrant | ministrantka
sense:
(Christianity) A layperson, often a child or adolescent, who assists a member of the clergy during a Christian liturgy, attending to supporting tasks at the altar.


lexentry: eng/altazimuth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: altazimuth
trans_list: altazymut
sense:
A telescope or surveying instrument that has a mount permitting both horizontal and vertical rotation.


lexentry: eng/alter_ego__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: alter ego
trans_list: alter ego | drugie ja
sense:
(law) A corporation used by a person to conduct personal business in an attempt to shield himself or herself from personal liability, and which a court may penetrate by "piercing the corporate veil" to impose liability on the person when they commit fraud or injustice.


lexentry: eng/alternate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternate
trans_list: alternować
sense:
Happening by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place; first one and then the other (repeatedly).


lexentry: eng/alternating_current__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternating current
trans_list: prąd przemienny | prąd zmienny
sense:
(physics) An electric current in which the direction of flow of the electrons reverses periodically.


lexentry: eng/alternation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternation
trans_list: alternacja
sense:
The reciprocal succession of (normally two) things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence


lexentry: eng/alternative__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternative
trans_list: alternatywa | dysjunkcja
sense:
A situation which allows a mutually exclusive choice between two or more possibilities; a choice between two or more possibilities. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/alternative_hypothesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternative hypothesis
trans_list: hipoteza alternatywna
sense:
(statistics) A rival hypothesis to the null hypothesis. Their likelihoods are compared by a statistical hypothesis test.


lexentry: eng/alternative_medicine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternative medicine
trans_list: medycyna alternatywna | medycyna niekonwencjonalna
sense:
Any of various pseudoscientific medical methods and practices used in place of, or as well as, conventional (scientific) medicine.


lexentry: eng/alternativity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternativity
trans_list: alternatywność
sense:
A characteristic of something having alternative connotations, akin to the representation of choice between two or more possibilities.


lexentry: eng/alternator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alternator
trans_list: alternator
sense:
(electrical engineering) An electric generator which produces alternating current through mechanical means.


lexentry: eng/although__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: although
trans_list: chociaż | aczkolwiek | choć | acz | lubo | mimo że
sense:
Though, even though, in spite of or despite the fact that: introducing a clause that expresses a concession.


lexentry: eng/altitude_sickness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: altitude sickness
trans_list: choroba wysokościowa
sense:
(medicine) A pathological condition caused by oxygen deficiency at high altitudes; symptoms include shortness of breath, nausea, and nosebleed.


lexentry: eng/alto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alto
trans_list: alt
sense:
A musical part or section higher than tenor and lower than soprano, formerly the part that performed a countermelody above the tenor or main melody.


lexentry: eng/alto_saxophone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alto saxophone
trans_list: saksofon altowy
sense:
A member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments that is smaller than the tenor saxophone but larger than the soprano saxophone, with a range of D♭3 to A♭5 or similar.


lexentry: eng/altocumulus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: altocumulus
trans_list: altocumulus
sense:
(physics, meteorology) A fleecy cloud formation consisting of large whitish or greyish globular cloudlets with shaded portions, often grouped in flocks or rows. (Abbreviated Ac.)


lexentry: eng/altostratus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: altostratus
trans_list: altostratus
sense:
(physics, meteorology) A principal medium-level cloud type in the form of a gray or bluish (never white) sheet or layer of striated, fibrous, or uniform appearance.


lexentry: eng/altruism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: altruism
trans_list: altruizm
sense:
Regard for others, both natural and moral without regard for oneself; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness.


lexentry: eng/altruism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: altruism
trans_list: altruizm
sense:
(biology, sociobiology) Action or behaviour that benefits another or others at some cost to the performer.


lexentry: eng/aludel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aludel
trans_list: aludel
sense:
A pear-shaped pot with an opening at each end, formerly used, especially by alchemists, for sublimation.


lexentry: eng/alum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alum
trans_list: ałun
sense:
An astringent salt, usually occurring in the form of pale crystals, much used in the dyeing and tanning trade and in certain medicines, and now understood to be a double sulphate of potassium and aluminium (K2SO4·Al2(SO4)3·24H2O). [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/alum__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: alum
trans_list: ałun
sense:
(inorganic compound) Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/alumina__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alumina
trans_list: tlenek glinu
sense:
Aluminum oxide, especially when used in mining, material sciences or ceramics, a refractory solid compound.


lexentry: eng/aluminium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aluminium
trans_list: glin | aluminium
sense:
A light, silvery metal extracted from bauxite, and a chemical element (symbol Al) with an atomic number of 13.


lexentry: eng/aluminium_foil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aluminium foil
trans_list: folia aluminiowa
sense:
(Australia, Britain, New Zealand) A very thin, pliable, easily torn sheet of aluminium used for cooking, packaging, cosmetics, and insulation.


lexentry: eng/aluminium_oxide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aluminium oxide
trans_list: tritlenek diglinu
sense:
(inorganic compound) The solid, Al2O3, commonly known as alumina; it occurs as bauxite, sapphire, ruby and other forms; it is used in the manufacture of ceramics


lexentry: eng/alunite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alunite
trans_list: ałunit
sense:
(mineral) A gray whitish, water-soluble mineral, potassium aluminium sulphate; the natural source of alum, KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6.


lexentry: eng/alveolar__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: alveolar
trans_list: dziąsłowy | alweolarny
sense:
(phonetics) Formed with the tongue touching or approaching the inner ridge of the gums of the upper front teeth.


lexentry: eng/alveolar_ridge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alveolar ridge
trans_list: wał dziąsłowy
sense:
(anatomy) A ridge that forms the borders of the maxilla and the mandible and contains the alveoli of the teeth.


lexentry: eng/alveolo-palatal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alveolo-palatal
trans_list: alweopalatalny | dziąsłowo-podniebienny | przedniopodniebienny
sense:
(phonetics) Of or relating to those consonants that are intermediate in articulation between the coronal and dorsal consonants.


lexentry: eng/alveolo-palatal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alveolo-palatal
sense:
(phonetics) Any consonant that is intermediate in articulation between the coronal and dorsal consonants.

trans_list:
spółgłoska [[dziąsłowo-podniebienny|dziąsłowo-podniebienna]] | spółgłoska alweopalatalna | spółgłoska przedniopodniebienna


lexentry: eng/alveolus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alveolus
trans_list: pęcherzyk płucny
sense:
(anatomy) Any of the many tiny air sacs in the lungs in which the bronchioles terminate and where oxygen and carbon dioxide are rapidly exchanged with the pulmonary capillaries.


lexentry: eng/always__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: always
trans_list: zawsze | ciągle | stale
sense:
Constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals (opposed to sometimes or occasionally).


lexentry: eng/alyssum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: alyssum
trans_list: smagliczka
sense:
Any of several plants, of the genus Alyssum, mostly of Eurasian origin, that have racemes of white or yellow flowers.


lexentry: eng/amadou__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amadou
trans_list: hubka
sense:
A spongy, flammable substance prepared from bracket fungi, formerly used as a styptic and as tinder.


lexentry: eng/amalgamation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amalgamation
trans_list: amalgamacja
sense:
(specifically) The production of an alloy of mercury and another metal, especially used in antiquity to extract gold and silver from ores.


lexentry: eng/amanitin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amanitin
trans_list: amanityna
sense:
(protein) A deadly amatoxin found in Amanita phalloides (the death cap), the four destroying angels (Amanita bisporigera, Amanita ocreata, Amanita verna, and Amanita virosa), and some other amanitas.


lexentry: eng/amaretto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amaretto
trans_list: amaretto
sense:
(uncountable, countable) A sweet-bitter liqueur originating from Italy (but also produced in Turkey), flavored with almonds and a secret blend-specific mix of some 200 ingredients such as the pits from apricots, peaches, cherries or other stone fruits.


lexentry: eng/amateur_radio__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amateur radio
trans_list: krótkofalarstwo
sense:
The hobby or pastime of communicating by two-way radio, often striving for “DX” QSOs that are challenging because of distance.


lexentry: eng/amateurish__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amateurish
trans_list: amatorski
sense:
(pejorative) Suggesting or reflecting the efforts of an amateur; not seeming professional or polished.


lexentry: eng/amazed__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amazed
trans_list: zdumiony
sense:
Astonished or confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder; greatly surprised (often with ensuing adpositions e.g. at, with, or by).


lexentry: eng/amazement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amazement
trans_list: zdumienie
sense:
(uncountable) The condition of being amazed; a state of overwhelming wonder, as from surprise or sudden fear, horror, or admiration; astonishment.


lexentry: eng/ambassador__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambassador
trans_list: ambasador | ambasadorka
sense:
A diplomat of the highest rank sent to a foreign court to represent there their sovereign or country. (Sometimes called ambassador-in-residence)


lexentry: eng/amber__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amber
trans_list: bursztyn | jantar
sense:
A hard, generally yellow to brown translucent or transparent fossil resin from extinct coniferous trees of the pine genus, used for jewellery, decoration and later dissolved as a binder in varnishes. One variety, blue amber, appears blue rather than yellow under direct sunlight. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/amber__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: amber
trans_list: żółte
sense:
(British, AU) The intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights, which when illuminated indicates that drivers should stop when safe to do so. See also yellow light.


lexentry: eng/ambergris__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambergris
trans_list: ambra
sense:
A solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish color, produced in the intestines of the sperm whale. It is used in perfumes.


lexentry: eng/amberjack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amberjack
trans_list: kaszalot
sense:
Any of several large food and game yellowtail fishes of the genus Seriola, found in warm waters of all oceans.


lexentry: eng/ambidextrous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambidextrous
trans_list: oburęczny
sense:
Having equal or comparable ability in both hands; in particular, able to write well with both hands.


lexentry: eng/ambigram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambigram
trans_list: ambigram
sense:
A calligraphic design that may be read as the same word or phrase (or sometimes different words or phrases) when oriented in two different ways, usually when reflected along a vertical or horizontal axis or when rotated through 180 degrees.


lexentry: eng/ambiguity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ambiguity
trans_list: wieloznaczność
sense:
(countable) An instance of this state: words or statements that are open to more than one interpretation, explanation or meaning, especially if that meaning cannot be determined from the context.


lexentry: eng/ambiophonics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambiophonics
trans_list: ambiofonia
sense:
A technique using digital signal processing and two loudspeakers directly in front of the listener in order to improve reproduction of stereophonic and surround sound.


lexentry: eng/ambition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambition
trans_list: ambicja
sense:
(uncountable, countable) Eager or inordinate desire for some object that confers distinction, as preferment, honor, superiority, political power, or fame; desire to distinguish one's self from other people.


lexentry: eng/ambition__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: ambition
trans_list: ambicja
sense:
(obsolete) The act of going about to solicit or obtain an office, or any other object of desire; canvassing.


lexentry: eng/ambitious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambitious
trans_list: ambitny | ambicjonalny
sense:
(of a person or their character) Having or showing ambition; wanting a lot of power, honor, respect, superiority, or other distinction.


lexentry: eng/ambivalence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambivalence
trans_list: ambiwalencja
sense:
The coexistence of opposing attitudes or feelings (such as love and hate) towards a person, object or idea.


lexentry: eng/ambivalent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambivalent
trans_list: ambiwalentny
sense:
Simultaneously experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings, beliefs, motivations, or meanings.


lexentry: eng/ambivert__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambivert
trans_list: ambiwertyk
sense:
(psychology) A person who is neither clearly extroverted nor introverted, but has characteristics of each.


lexentry: eng/amblygonite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amblygonite
trans_list: ambligonit
sense:
(mineral) A mineral, a mixed fluoride and aluminophosphate of sodium and lithium that is an important ore of lithium.


lexentry: eng/amblyopia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amblyopia
trans_list: ambliopia | niedowidzenie
sense:
Dimness or blurring of the eyesight due to a fault in transmission of signals to the brain from an otherwise healthy eye.


lexentry: eng/ambrosia__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: ambrosia
trans_list: ambrozja
sense:
Any fungus of a number of species that insects such as ambrosia beetles carry as symbionts, "farming" them on poor-quality food such as wood, where they grow, providing food for the insect.


lexentry: eng/ambulance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambulance
trans_list: karetka | ambulans
sense:
An emergency vehicle designed for transporting seriously ill or injured people to a hospital. [1854]


lexentry: eng/ambush_marketing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ambush marketing
trans_list: marketing pasożytniczy | marketing podstępny
sense:
(business) A marketing strategy wherein advertisers associate themselves with, and therefore capitalize on, a particular event without paying any sponsorship fee.


lexentry: eng/ameliorative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ameliorative
trans_list: amelioracyjny
sense:
(philosophy) Of or relating to conceptual engineering, the normative study of which conceptual demarcation is most conducive to solve the problems the concept is a priori taken to solve.


lexentry: eng/amendment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amendment
trans_list: nowela | nowelizacja | poprawka
sense:
In public bodies, any alteration made or proposed to be made in a bill or motion that adds, changes, substitutes, or omits.


lexentry: eng/amenity__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: amenity
trans_list: miejsce
sense:
(cartography) A unit pertaining to the infrastructure of a community, such as a public toilet, a postbox, a library, etc.


lexentry: eng/ametropia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ametropia
trans_list: ametropia
sense:
(medicine, ophthalmology) Any of several disorders of the eye (spherical or cylindrical) resulting from faulty refractive ability.


lexentry: eng/amicable_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amicable number
trans_list: liczby zaprzyjaźniona
sense:
(number theory) One of a pair of numbers having the property that the sum of the divisors of each, excluding itself, is equal to the other number.


lexentry: eng/amide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amide
trans_list: amid
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any derivative of an oxoacid in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group; especially such derivatives of a carboxylic acid, the carboxamides or acid amides


lexentry: eng/amino_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amino acid
trans_list: aminokwas
sense:
(amino acid) Any of the twenty naturally occurring α-amino acids (having the amino, and carboxylic acid groups on the same carbon atom), and a variety of side chains, that combine, via peptide bonds, to form proteins.


lexentry: eng/amino_sugar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amino sugar
trans_list: aminocukier | aminosacharyd
sense:
(organic chemistry) any monosaccharide in which a single hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino group


lexentry: eng/aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
trans_list: syntetaza aminoacylo-tRNA
sense:
(enzyme) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the linkage of a tRNA molecule to an appropriate amino acid during protein synthesis.


lexentry: eng/aminoacylation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aminoacylation
trans_list: aminoacylacja | aminoacylowanie
sense:
(biochemistry, organic chemistry) The addition of an aminoacyl group to a compound, especially as part of the process of synthesizing proteins via aminoacyl tRNA synthetase


lexentry: eng/aminocaproic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aminocaproic acid
trans_list: kwas aminokapronowy
sense:
(carboxylic acid, pharmaceutical drug) A drug C6H13NO2 that inhibits the breakdown of fibrin by blocking the activation of plasminogen and is used to control bleeding (as during surgery) especially in cases where blood clots are broken down too quickly. It is a chemical analog of lysine and is marketed under the trademark Amicar.


lexentry: eng/aminopeptidase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aminopeptidase
trans_list: aminopeptydaza
sense:
(enzyme) Any of several enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the peptide bond of the terminal amino acid at the amino end of a polypeptide or protein


lexentry: eng/amlodipine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amlodipine
trans_list: amlodypina
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A long-acting calcium channel blocker used as an anti-hypertensive and in the treatment of angina


lexentry: eng/ammonia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ammonia
trans_list: amoniak
sense:
(inorganic compound) A gaseous, toxic compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3, with a pungent smell and taste.


lexentry: eng/ammoniacum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ammoniacum
trans_list: żywica amonowa
sense:
A gum-resin exuded from the several perennial herbs in the genus Ferula of the umbel family (Apiaceae).


lexentry: eng/ammonification__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ammonification
trans_list: amonifikacja
sense:
(biochemistry) The formation of ammonia or its compounds from nitrogenous compounds, especially as a result of bacterial decomposition.


lexentry: eng/ammonite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ammonite
trans_list: amonit
sense:
(paleontology) Any of an extinct group of cephalopods of the subclass Ammonoidea; a fossil shell of such an animal.


lexentry: eng/ammonite__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ammonite
trans_list: amonit
sense:
An explosive prepared from a mixture of TNT and ammonium nitrate; a form of amatol, popular in Eastern Europe and China.


lexentry: eng/ammonium_carbonate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ammonium carbonate
trans_list: węglan amonu
sense:
(inorganic compound) The ammonium salt of carbonic acid, (NH4)2CO3; a white powder, smelling of ammonia, used in the preparation of smelling salts and baking powder.


lexentry: eng/ammonium_chloride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ammonium chloride
trans_list: chlorek amonu | salmiak
sense:
(inorganic compound) A water-soluble salt of ammonia and hydrochloric acid, having the formula NH4Cl.


lexentry: eng/ammonium_nitrate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ammonium nitrate
trans_list: azotan amonu
sense:
(inorganic compound) The ammonium salt of nitric acid, NH4NO3; it is used in fertilizers and explosives (notoriously in improvised explosive devices, though its main importance is as an explosive in its own right and in mixtures such as amatol and ANFO).


lexentry: eng/ammunition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ammunition
trans_list: amunicja | strzeliwo
sense:
Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps, rockets, etc.


lexentry: eng/amnesty__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amnesty
trans_list: amnestia
sense:
An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion, or a general pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned in an insurrection.


lexentry: eng/amniocentesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amniocentesis
trans_list: amniocenteza | amniopunkcja
sense:
(medicine) A procedure for obtaining amniotic fluid from a pregnant animal, by inserting a hollow needle through the abdominal wall and into the amniotic sac. Used in diagnosing possible genetic defects and/or obstetric complications, or simply to drain excess amniotic fluid.


lexentry: eng/amnion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amnion
trans_list: amnion | owodnia
sense:
(anatomy) The innermost membrane of the fetal membranes of reptiles, birds, and mammals; the sac in which the embryo is suspended.


lexentry: eng/amniote__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amniote
trans_list: owodniowiec
sense:
(biology) Any of the Amniota group of vertebrates having an amnion during the development of the embryo; mammals, birds and reptiles.


lexentry: eng/amniotic_fluid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amniotic fluid
trans_list: wody płodowe | płyn owodniowy
sense:
(zoology) In placental mammals, a fluid contained within the amnion membrane that surrounds a developing embryo or fetus.


lexentry: eng/amoeba__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amoeba
trans_list: ameba | pełzak
sense:
(biology) A member of the genus Amoeba of unicellular protozoa that moves by means of temporary projections called pseudopodia.


lexentry: eng/amoebiasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amoebiasis
trans_list: amebiaza | ameboza | pełzakowica
sense:
(medicine) An infectious disease caused by the parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica; amoebic dysentery.


lexentry: eng/amorphous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: amorphous
trans_list: amorficzny
sense:
(physics) In the non-crystalline solid state of, or being a non-crystalline counterpart to, a crystalline solid.


lexentry: eng/amortization__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amortization
trans_list: amortyzacja
sense:
The distribution of the cost of an intangible asset, such as an intellectual property right, over the projected useful life of the asset.


lexentry: eng/amount__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amount
trans_list: kwota | ilość | liczba | suma
sense:
The total, aggregate or sum of material (not applicable to discrete numbers or units or items in standard English).


lexentry: eng/amount_of_substance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amount of substance
trans_list: liczność materii
sense:
(physical chemistry) The number of particles or formula units (depending on type) present of some substance in some sample; SI unit: mole.


lexentry: eng/ampelography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ampelography
trans_list: ampelografia
sense:
(botany, oenology) The discipline within botany concerned with the taxonomy of cultivars in the grapevine genus, Vitis.


lexentry: eng/ampere-hour__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ampere-hour
trans_list: amperogodzina
sense:
(physics) a unit of electric charge, equal to the charge transferred by a current of one ampere in one hour through a specified point in a circuit, equal to 3600 coulombs.


lexentry: eng/ampere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ampere
trans_list: amper
sense:
A unit of electrical current, the standard base unit in the International System of Units; colloquially amp. Abbreviation: amp, Symbol: A


lexentry: eng/amperometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amperometry
trans_list: amperometria
sense:
(physical chemistry) An analytical technique that involves the continuous measurement of electric current during a reaction or titration.


lexentry: eng/amphibian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphibian
trans_list: płaz | amfibia
sense:
An animal of the Amphibia; any vertebrate that does not have amniotic eggs, living both on land and in water.


lexentry: eng/amphibole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphibole
trans_list: amfibol
sense:
(mineral) Any of a large group of structurally similar hydrated double silicate minerals, containing various combinations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminium.


lexentry: eng/amphibrach__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amphibrach
trans_list: amfibrach
sense:
(prosody) A metrical foot in modern prosody, consisting of three syllables, the middle one of which is stressed (e.g. Jamaica).


lexentry: eng/amphibrachic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphibrachic
trans_list: amfibrachiczny
sense:
Consisting of amphibrachs, metrical feet consisting of either a long syllable between two that are short, or an accented syllable between two that are not accented.


lexentry: eng/amphictyony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphictyony
trans_list: amfiktionia
sense:
A religious foundation or co-operative shared between Greek city states during the classical period, typically to support the temple or cult of a deity shared by the city states. Also used academically to refer to similar arrangements in non-Greek cultures.


lexentry: eng/amphimacer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphimacer
trans_list: amfimacer | amfimakr
sense:
A metrical foot consisting of an unaccented or light syllable between two accented or heavy syllables; a cretic.


lexentry: eng/amphiprotic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphiprotic
trans_list: amfoteryczny
sense:
(chemistry) Able to both donate and accept a proton, and thus able to react both as an acid and a base; amphoteric.


lexentry: eng/amphisbaena__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphisbaena
trans_list: amfisbaena
sense:
(mythological creature) A mythical serpent having a head at each end of its body, able to move in either direction.


lexentry: eng/amphitheatre__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphitheatre
trans_list: amfiteatr
sense:
An open, outdoor theatre (which may be a theatre in the round, or have a stage with seating on only one side), especially one from the classical period of ancient Greece or Rome, or a modern venue of similar design.


lexentry: eng/amphora__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphora
trans_list: amfora
sense:
(chiefly, _, historical) A large vessel, especially a thin-necked clay vat used in ancient Greece and Rome for storing and transporting wine and oil.


lexentry: eng/amphoric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amphoric
trans_list: amforyczny
sense:
(medicine) Produced by or indicating a hollow cavity in the lungs, giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an empty decanter.


lexentry: eng/amphoteric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amphoteric
trans_list: amfoteryczny
sense:
(chemistry) Having the characteristics of both an acid and a base, and capable of reacting as either; amphiprotic. [from 1832]


lexentry: eng/amplification__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: amplification
trans_list: amplifikacja
sense:
(organic chemistry) A procedure used in the nomenclature of complex organic compounds in which the superatoms of a basic structure (a phane) are replaced by cyclic structures (amplificants).


lexentry: eng/amplification__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: amplification
trans_list: amplifikacja
sense:
(translation studies) A translation technique that involves adding content that is not present in the source text to the target text, usually to improve the fluency of the translation.


lexentry: eng/amplifier__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: amplifier
trans_list: wzmacniacz | amplifikator
sense:
(electronics) An appliance or circuit that increases the strength of a weak electrical signal without changing the other characteristics of the signal.


lexentry: eng/amplify__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amplify
trans_list: amplifikować
sense:
(transitive, rhetorical) To enlarge by addition or commenting; to treat copiously by adding particulars, illustrations, etc.; to expand.


lexentry: eng/amplitude__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: amplitude
trans_list: amplituda
sense:
(mathematics) The maximum absolute value of the vertical component of a curve or function, especially one that is periodic.


lexentry: eng/amplitude_modulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amplitude modulation
trans_list: modulacja amplitudy | modulacja amplitudowa
sense:
(radio) A method of sending information by modifying (modulating) the intensity (amplitude) of a carrier wave.


lexentry: eng/amulet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amulet
trans_list: amulet
sense:
A religious article, protective charm, or ornament, usually bearing cultural or magical symbols, worn for protection against ill will, negative influences, or evil spirits.


lexentry: eng/amuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amuse
trans_list: bawić | zabawiać | rozbawić | rozerwać
sense:
(transitive) To entertain or occupy (someone or something) in a pleasant manner; to stir (someone) with pleasing emotions.


lexentry: eng/amusement_arcade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amusement arcade
trans_list: salon gier
sense:
A leisure establishment, freely open to the public, containing a variety of coin-operated devices, some of which are for amusement only, while others may offer the possibility of winning small prizes.


lexentry: eng/amygdala__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amygdala
trans_list: ciało migdałowate
sense:
(neuroanatomy) Each one of the two regions of the brain, located as a pair in the medial temporal lobe, believed to play a key role in processing emotions, such as fear and pleasure, in both animals and humans.


lexentry: eng/amygdalin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amygdalin
trans_list: amigdalina
sense:
(biochemistry) A glycoside of benzaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide found in bitter almonds, and in the kernels of some other fruit.


lexentry: eng/amylase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amylase
trans_list: amylaza | diastaza
sense:
(enzyme) Any of a class of digestive enzymes, present in saliva and also contributed to the gut by the exocrine pancreas, that break down complex carbohydrates such as starch into simpler sugars such as glucose.


lexentry: eng/amyloidosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amyloidosis
trans_list: amyloidoza | skrobiawica
sense:
(medicine) Any of a group of disorders in which the fibrous protein amyloid is deposited in an organ of the body.


lexentry: eng/amyloplast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amyloplast
trans_list: amyloplast
sense:
(biology) A specialized leucoplast responsible for the storage of amylopectin through the polymerization of glucose.


lexentry: eng/amylose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amylose
trans_list: amyloza
sense:
(carbohydrate) The soluble form of starch (the insoluble form being amylopectin) that is a linear polymer of glucose.


lexentry: eng/amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
trans_list: stwardnienie zanikowe boczne
sense:
(neurology, pathology) A chronic, progressive disease characterized by degeneration of the central nervous system and the loss of voluntary muscle control.


lexentry: eng/an_arm_and_a_leg__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: an arm and a leg
trans_list: kosztować majątek
sense:
(idiomatic, hyperbole) Usually used after the verb cost, but also often charge, pay, and spend: a very high price for an item or service; an exorbitant price


lexentry: eng/an_eye_for_an_eye,_a_tooth_for_a_tooth__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth
trans_list: oko za oko, ząb za ząb
sense:
(idiomatic) compensation for injury caused by a person, in the form of inflicting of an identical injury on that person.


lexentry: eng/anabasine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anabasine
trans_list: anabazyna
sense:
A pyridine alkaloid similar to nicotine, found in Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco), a close relative of the common tobacco plant, formerly used as an insecticide.


lexentry: eng/anabiosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anabiosis
trans_list: anabioza
sense:
(biology) A state of suspended animation, especially during extreme drought; the act of recovering from this state.


lexentry: eng/anachronism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anachronism
trans_list: anachronizm | anachroniczność
sense:
A chronological mistake; the erroneous dating of an event, circumstance, or object. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anachronism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anachronism
trans_list: anachronizm | anachroniczność
sense:
A person or thing which seems to belong to a different time or period of time. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anachronistic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anachronistic
trans_list: anachroniczny
sense:
Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism; in a wrong time; not applicable to or not appropriate for the time.


lexentry: eng/anachronistic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anachronistic
trans_list: anachroniczny
sense:
(of a person) Having opinions from the past; preferring things or values of the past; behind the times; overly conservative.


lexentry: eng/anaconda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anaconda
trans_list: anakonda
sense:
(countable) Any large nonvenomous snake of the genus Eunectes, found mainly in northern South America. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anacreontic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anacreontic
trans_list: anakreontyczny
sense:
(prosody) Pertaining to the style of the Greek poet Anacreon, who wrote of wine and love; (specifically) designating a metre based on an anaclastic ionic dimeter. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/anadiplosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anadiplosis
trans_list: anadiploza
sense:
(figure of speech) A figure of speech in which a word or phrase used at the end of a clause or expression is repeated near the beginning of the next clause or expression.


lexentry: eng/anaerobically__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anaerobically
trans_list: beztlenowo
sense:
In an anaerobic manner; in a way that does not require oxygen. Generally used of metabolic processes.


lexentry: eng/anagenesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anagenesis
trans_list: anageneza
sense:
The evolution of a new species by the large scale change in gene frequency so that the new species replaces the old rather than branching to produce an additional species.


lexentry: eng/anaglyph__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anaglyph
trans_list: anaglif
sense:
A matched pair of images designed to produce a three-dimensional effect when viewed using spectacles that have usually one red and one bluish-green lens, corresponding to the colors of the pairs of images.


lexentry: eng/anagnorisis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anagnorisis
trans_list: anagnoryzm
sense:
The moment in the plot of a drama in which the hero makes a discovery that explains previously unexplained events or situations; a denouement.


lexentry: eng/anal-retentive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anal-retentive
trans_list: cywilne
sense:
(psychology, Freudian) Preoccupied with achieving perfection, order and control and with collecting, possessing, and retaining objects.


lexentry: eng/anal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anal
trans_list: analny | odbytowy
sense:
(psychoanalysis) Of the stage in psychosexual development when the child's interest is alleged to be concentrated on the anal region. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: anal
trans_list: pedantyczny
sense:
(psychology, also vulgar informal) Of a person, compulsive and stubborn, obsessed with neatness and accuracy (usually in an egosyntonic way), supposedly from not having progressed beyond the anal stage. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/anal_bead__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anal bead
trans_list: kulka analna
sense:
Any of the individual small balls making up a form of sex toy. The balls are attached together in series so as to be continuously inserted through the anus into the rectum and then removed with varying speeds depending on the effect desired (most typically at orgasm to enhance climax).


lexentry: eng/anal_beads__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anal beads
trans_list: kulki analne
sense:
A sex toy consisting of several small balls attached together in series which are one by one inserted into and removed from the rectum.


lexentry: eng/anal_fissure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anal fissure
trans_list: szczelina odbytu
sense:
(disease) A break or tear in the skin of the anal canal, resulting in bleeding and occasionally pain on defecation.


lexentry: eng/anal_fistula__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anal fistula
trans_list: przetoka okołoodbytnicza
sense:
(medicine) A chronic abnormal communication between the epithelialised surface of the anal canal and (usually) the perianal skin.


lexentry: eng/anal_sex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anal sex
trans_list: seks analny | anal
sense:
A sexual activity involving stimulation of a sexual partner's anus or rectum, especially by penetration with a penis or other object.


lexentry: eng/analcime__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analcime
trans_list: analcym
sense:
(mineral) A sodium aluminosilicate with a chemical formula NaAlSi2O6·H2O, having a zeolite structure, found in alkaline basalts.


lexentry: eng/analgesia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: analgesia
trans_list: analgezja
sense:
(medicine) A process of temporarily reducing the ability to feel pain; the provision of this service.


lexentry: eng/analgesic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analgesic
trans_list: analgetyk | lek przeciwbólowy
sense:
(pharmacology) Any medicine, such as aspirin, that reduces pain, especially without inducing a loss of other sensation. (Contrast anesthetic.)


lexentry: eng/analog-to-digital_converter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analog-to-digital converter
trans_list: przetwornik analogowo-cyfrowy
sense:
(electronics) A device that converts an infinite resolution analog signal to a finite resolution digital signal.


lexentry: eng/analog__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analog
trans_list: analogowy
sense:
(of a device or system) In which the value of a data item (such as time) is represented by a continuous(ly) variable physical quantity that can be measured (such as the shadow of a sundial).


lexentry: eng/analog__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: analog
trans_list: analog
sense:
(chemistry) A structural derivative of a parent compound that differs from it by only one or a few atoms or substituent groups; (usually, especially) such a molecule that retains most of the same chemical properties.


lexentry: eng/analogous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analogous
trans_list: analogiczny
sense:
Having analogy, the status of an analogue; corresponding to something else; bearing some resemblance or similar proportion (often followed by "to".)


lexentry: eng/analogue_watch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analogue watch
trans_list: zegarek analogowy
sense:
A watch (wristwatch or pocket watch) whose watch face displays time by means of a dial and hands (a traditional clock face).


lexentry: eng/analogy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analogy
trans_list: analogia
sense:
A relationship of resemblance or equivalence between two situations, people, or objects, especially when used as a basis for explanation or extrapolation.


lexentry: eng/analphabet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analphabet
trans_list: analfabeta | analfabetka
sense:
A person who does not know the letters of the alphabet; a partly or wholly illiterate person. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/analysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analysis
trans_list: analiza
sense:
(countable) Decomposition into components in order to study (a complex thing, concept, theory, etc.).


lexentry: eng/analysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: analysis
trans_list: analiza
sense:
(uncountable, mathematics) A broad field of study in modern mathematics (often mentioned alongside algebra) which developed out of the calculus, concerned with the behavior of functions, sequences, series, limits, metric spaces, measures and more.


lexentry: eng/analysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: analysis
trans_list: analiza
sense:
(countable, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry) The process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts, or the result of this process.


lexentry: eng/analytic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: analytic
trans_list: analityczny
sense:
(linguistics) Of a language, having a grammar principally dependent on the arrangement of uninflected function words within sentences to indicate meaning. Compare synthetic.


lexentry: eng/analytic_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analytic function
trans_list: funkcja analityczna
sense:
(analysis) Any smooth (infinitely differentiable) function f, defined on an open set D\subseteq \mathbb{C}\ (\textit{ or }\subseteq\mathbb{R}), whose value in some neighbourhood of any given point x_0 \in D is given by the Taylor series \textstyle \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{f^{(n)}(x_0)}{n!} (x-x_0)^{n}.


lexentry: eng/analytic_geometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analytic geometry
trans_list: geometria analityczna
sense:
(geometry) The subbranch of geometry that investigates geometrical figures via the mathematical properties of their representations in a coordinate system.


lexentry: eng/analytic_number_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: analytic number theory
trans_list: analityczna teoria liczb
sense:
(mathematics, number theory) A branch of number theory that uses methods from mathematical analysis to solve problems about the integers.


lexentry: eng/analyze__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: analyze
trans_list: analizować | przeanalizować | zanalizować
sense:
(transitive) To examine in such a manner as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; as, to analyze a fossil substance, to analyze a sentence or a word, or to analyze an action to ascertain its morality.


lexentry: eng/anamorphosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anamorphosis
trans_list: anamorfoza
sense:
A distorted image of an object that may be viewed correctly from a specific angle or with a specific mirror.


lexentry: eng/anapest__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anapest
trans_list: anapest | antydaktyl
sense:
(prosody) In quantitative meter, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two short, then one long.


lexentry: eng/anaphase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anaphase
trans_list: anafaza
sense:
(cytology) The stage of mitosis and meiosis during which the chromosomes separate, the chromatid moving to opposite poles of the cell.


lexentry: eng/anaphor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anaphor
trans_list: anafora
sense:
(linguistics) An expression referring to another expression. In stricter uses, an expression referring to something earlier in the discourse or, even more strictly, only reflexive and reciprocal pronouns.


lexentry: eng/anaphora__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anaphora
trans_list: anafora
sense:
(figure of speech) The repetition of a phrase at the beginning of phrases, sentences, or verses, used for emphasis.


lexentry: eng/anaphora__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: anaphora
trans_list: anafora
sense:
(Christianity) The most solemn part of the Divine Liturgy or the Mass during which the offerings of bread and wine are consecrated as body and blood of Christ.


lexentry: eng/anaphylactic_shock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anaphylactic shock
trans_list: wstrząs anafilaktyczny
sense:
A severe and rapid systemic allergic reaction to an allergen, constricting the trachea and causing generalized vasodilation.


lexentry: eng/anarchism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anarchism
trans_list: anarchizm
sense:
(by extension) A political and philosophical belief that proposes the establishment of a stateless society as well as the abolition of authority and hierarchy in most or all forms.


lexentry: eng/anarchist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anarchist
trans_list: anarchista | anarchistka
sense:
One who believes in or advocates the absence of hierarchy and authority in most forms (compare anarchism), especially one who works toward the realization of such.


lexentry: eng/anarcho-capitalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anarcho-capitalism
trans_list: anarchokapitalizm
sense:
(politics, economics) A political and economic philosophy that advocates the elimination of the state and other coercive institutions in favour of individual self-ownership, voluntary society, and free market.


lexentry: eng/anarcho-communism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anarcho-communism
trans_list: anarchokomunizm
sense:
(politics, economics) A form of anarchism advocating the abolition of the state and capitalism in favor of a horizontal network of voluntary associations through which people would satisfy their needs.


lexentry: eng/anarcho-syndicalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anarcho-syndicalism
trans_list: anarchosyndykalizm
sense:
A branch or field of anarchism that focuses on the abolition of capitalism through the organization of revolutionary worker syndicates.


lexentry: eng/anarthria__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anarthria
trans_list: anartria
sense:
(neurology, neuropsychology) A speech impairment in which the ability to articulate is lost completely.


lexentry: eng/anastatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anastatic
trans_list: anastatyczny
sense:
(printing, historical) Of or relating to a printing process in which copies of drawings are printed from facsimiles produced in relief on zinc plates.


lexentry: eng/anastomosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: anastomosis
trans_list: anastomoza
sense:
(surgery) The surgical creation of a connecting passage between blood vessels, bowels or other channels.


lexentry: eng/anastylosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anastylosis
trans_list: anastyloza
sense:
(archaeology) The reassembly of ruined monuments or other artifacts from remaining fragments in an archeologically responsible way (with use of modern materials when needed).


lexentry: eng/anathema__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anathema
trans_list: anatema
sense:
(ecclesiastical, historical) A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, often accompanied by excommunication; something denounced as accursed. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/anatomical_snuffbox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anatomical snuffbox
trans_list: tabakierka anatomiczna
sense:
(anatomy) A triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the hand, bounded by extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.


lexentry: eng/anatomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anatomy
trans_list: anatomia
sense:
The art of studying the different parts of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy.


lexentry: eng/ancestor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ancestor
trans_list: przodek | antenat | antenatka | wstępny
sense:
One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a forefather; a forebear.


lexentry: eng/anchor__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: anchor
trans_list: kotwica
sense:
Any instrument serving a purpose like that of a ship's anchor, such as an arrangement of timber to hold a dam fast; a device to hold the end of a bridge cable etc.; or a device used in metalworking to hold the core of a mould in place.


lexentry: eng/anchor_baby__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anchor baby
trans_list: dziecko imigranta
sense:
(US, often, derogatory) A child born to non-citizen parents in the United States or another country that grants birthright citizenship (cf. jus soli), and who, as a citizen, can help their parents and other family members gain citizenship or permanent residency.


lexentry: eng/anchorman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anchorman
trans_list: gospodarz | prezenter | prowadzący
sense:
(television, radio) The main host of a television or radio program, particularly one relating to the broadcast of news.


lexentry: eng/anchovy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anchovy
trans_list: sardela | anchois
sense:
Any small saltwater fish of the Engraulidae family, consisting of 160 species in sixteen genera, those of the genus Engraulis being widely sold as food.


lexentry: eng/ancient__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ancient
trans_list: pradawny | starożytny
sense:
Existent or occurring in time long past, usually in remote ages; belonging to or associated with antiquity; old, as opposed to modern.


lexentry: eng/ancient_history__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ancient history
trans_list: historia starożytna
sense:
A period of history generally seen as occurring before the Middle Ages, that is, before the fall of the Roman Empire. Includes Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.


lexentry: eng/ancient_monument__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ancient monument
trans_list: zabytek
sense:
an old or ancient building or other structure, or a site of historical interest that is usually looked after by an official organization.


lexentry: eng/and!slash!or__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: and/or
trans_list: i/lub
sense:
Joins two alternatives to mean either or both; indicates that inclusive or is meant where or alone might be taken to mean exclusive or.


lexentry: eng/and__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: and
trans_list: i
sense:
(now, colloquial, or, literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.


lexentry: eng/and__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: and
trans_list: i | a | oraz | tudzież
sense:
Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (now dated); connecting shillings to pence in a monetary quantity (now historical); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/and_all__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: and all
trans_list: i tak dalej
sense:
(idiomatic) Including every object, attribute, or process associated with preceding item or series of items.


lexentry: eng/and_then_some__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: and then some
trans_list: a nawet więcej
sense:
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to confirm preceding utterance, while implying that what was said or asked is an understatement.


lexentry: eng/andalusite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: andalusite
trans_list: andaluzyt
sense:
(mineral) An aluminium nesosilicate mineral, Al2SiO5, which can be cut into a gem and displays strong pleochroism, shifting between red, green, and yellow.


lexentry: eng/andesine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: andesine
trans_list: andezyn
sense:
(mineral) Sodium calcium aluminum silicate, (Na_xCa_xAlSi_3O_8), a plagioclase feldspar, the third member of the albite-anorthite solid solution series. Found in fine-grained andesite lavas; crystals are rarely seen.


lexentry: eng/andesite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: andesite
trans_list: andezyt
sense:
(geology) Any of a class of fine-grained intermediate igneous rock, of volcanic origin, containing mostly plagioclase feldspar.


lexentry: eng/andiron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: andiron
trans_list: kozioł
sense:
(usually, in plural) A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side


lexentry: eng/androgen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: androgen
trans_list: androgen
sense:
(steroid hormone) Any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates. A male sex hormone such as testosterone or anabolic steroids.


lexentry: eng/andrology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: andrology
trans_list: andrologia
sense:
(medicine) The branch of medicine concerned with male diseases, especially those affecting the male reproductive system.


lexentry: eng/andropause__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: andropause
trans_list: andropauza | męskie klimakterium
sense:
(medicine, endocrinology) The male equivalent of the menopause in women; characterized by a decline in libido and overall energy.


lexentry: eng/androsterone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: androsterone
trans_list: androsteron
sense:
(steroid hormone) An androgenic hormone, excreted in the urine, somewhat less active than testosterone.


lexentry: eng/anecdote__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anecdote
trans_list: anegdota
sense:
An account which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis.


lexentry: eng/anemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anemia
trans_list: anemia | niedokrwistość
sense:
(American spelling, uncountable, pathology) A medical condition in which the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues is reduced, either because of too few red blood cells, or because of too little hemoglobin, resulting in pallor and fatigue.


lexentry: eng/anemoscope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anemoscope
trans_list: anemoskop | wiatrowskaz
sense:
An instrument that shows the direction of the wind; a wind vane or weathercock. Formerly, it used to apply to a device consisting of a vane above, connected to the inside of a building with a dial or index to show the wind direction, but today there are many varieties.


lexentry: eng/anencephaly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anencephaly
trans_list: anencefalia | bezmózgowie
sense:
A lethal birth defect in which most of the brain and parts of the skull are missing; absence of the encephalon.


lexentry: eng/aneroid_barometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aneroid barometer
trans_list: aneroid
sense:
A barometer in which variations in pressure are measured using a partially evacuated capsule whose sides move in and out.


lexentry: eng/anesthesia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anesthesia
trans_list: znieczulenie | anestezja
sense:
(medicine, American spelling, Canadian spelling) An artificial method of preventing sensation, used to eliminate pain without causing loss of vital functions, by the administration of one or more agents which block pain impulses before transmitted to the brain.


lexentry: eng/anesthesiologist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anesthesiologist
trans_list: anestezjolog | anestetysta
sense:
(American spelling, Canadian spelling) A physician who specializes in anesthesiology and administers anesthesia.


lexentry: eng/anesthetic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anesthetic
trans_list: anestetyk | narkoza | znieczulenie
sense:
(American spelling, medicine) A substance administered to reduce the perception of pain or to induce numbness for surgery and may render the recipient unconscious.


lexentry: eng/anesthetize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anesthetize
trans_list: znieczulać
sense:
(transitive) To administer anesthesia to: to render unfeeling or unconscious through the use of narcotic substances, usually either alcohol or pharmaceutical drugs.


lexentry: eng/aneuploidy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aneuploidy
trans_list: aneuploidia
sense:
(genetics) The condition of being aneuploid; the state of possessing a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number of the organism in question.


lexentry: eng/aneurysm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aneurysm
trans_list: tętniak | anewryzm | aneuryzma
sense:
(pathology) An abnormal blood-filled swelling of an artery or vein, resulting from a localized weakness in the wall of the vessel.


lexentry: eng/angel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angel
trans_list: anioł
sense:
An incorporeal and holy or semidivine messenger from a deity or other divine entity, traditionally depicted as a youthful, winged figure in flowing robes.


lexentry: eng/angel_investor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angel investor
trans_list: anioł biznesu
sense:
(business) An investor to a start-up, especially one who invests very early or during the company's initial forming, often with a slim chance of a return on investment.


lexentry: eng/angel_shark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angel shark
trans_list: anioł morski | raszpla | raszpla zwyczajna | skwat
sense:
A member of the unusual genus Squatina of sharks with flattened bodies and broad pectoral fins resembling skates or rays. There are approximately 16 known species, which are the only members of their taxonomic genus, family and order. They occur worldwide in temperate and tropical seas.


lexentry: eng/angelic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angelic
trans_list: anielski | angeliczny
sense:
Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel.


lexentry: eng/angelica__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angelica
trans_list: dzięgiel
sense:
A tall plant, with hollow stems, genus Angelica, especially garden angelica (Angelica archangelica).


lexentry: eng/angelology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angelology
trans_list: angelologia | angeologia
sense:
The study of angels. Angels have been grouped into nine categories or “choirs,” from lowest to highest: angel, virtue, archangel, power, principality, dominion, throne, cherub, and seraph.


lexentry: eng/angels'_share__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angels' share
trans_list: danina dla aniołów
sense:
The portion of a wine, whiskey or other alcoholic spirit's volume that is lost to evaporation during aging, particularly while it matures in barrels (and evaporates through the porous wood).


lexentry: eng/anger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anger
trans_list: gniew | złość | wkurw
sense:
A strong and unpleasant feeling of displeasure, hostility, or antagonism towards someone or something, usually combined with an urge to yell, say curse words, and/or physically harm or cause damage or destruction to things or attack or assault living beings, often stemming from perceived provocation, hurt, threat, insults, or unfair or unjust treatment, or a situation not going the way one had desired or planned.


lexentry: eng/angiocardiography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angiocardiography
trans_list: angiokardiografia
sense:
(medicine) A technique for radiographic examination of the heart chambers and thoracic vessels wherein a liquid radiocontrast agent is injected into the bloodstream, then the tissues are examined using X-rays.


lexentry: eng/angioedema__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angioedema
trans_list: obrzęk naczynioruchowy
sense:
(pathology) Swelling of the lower layers of the skin, often around the mouth, or of the mucosa or submucosa of the mouth or throat, which can appear quickly in response to an allergen or due to other conditions.


lexentry: eng/angiogram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angiogram
trans_list: angiografia
sense:
(medicine) An X-ray image of the blood vessels gained after the injection of a radiopaque contrast medium.


lexentry: eng/angiography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angiography
trans_list: angiografia | arteriografia
sense:
(medicine) A medical imaging technique in which an X-ray image is taken to visualize the inside of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins and the heart chambers.


lexentry: eng/angioplasty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angioplasty
trans_list: angioplastyka | balonikowanie
sense:
(surgery) The mechanical widening of a narrowed or totally obstructed blood vessel generally caused by atheroma.


lexentry: eng/angiosperm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angiosperm
trans_list: nagonasienny
sense:
(botany) Any plant of the clade Angiosperms, characterized by having ovules enclosed in an ovary; a flowering plant.


lexentry: eng/angiotensin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angiotensin
trans_list: angiotensyna
sense:
(hormone) Any of several polypeptides that narrow blood vessels and thus regulate arterial pressure.


lexentry: eng/angle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angle
trans_list: kąt
sense:
(geometry) A figure formed by two rays which start from a common point (a plane angle) or by three planes that intersect (a solid angle).


lexentry: eng/angle__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: angle
trans_list: kąt | miara kąta
sense:
(geometry) The measure of such a figure. In the case of a plane angle, this is the ratio (or proportional to the ratio) of the arc length to the radius of a section of a circle cut by the two rays, centered at their common point. In the case of a solid angle, this is the ratio of the surface area to the square of the radius of the section of a sphere.


lexentry: eng/angle_bracket__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angle bracket
trans_list: nawias trójkątny
sense:
(terminology) Either of a pair of symbols, 〈 〉, used to enclose the name of the domain in which a concept and a term is used.


lexentry: eng/angle_bracket__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angle bracket
trans_list: nawias trójkątny
sense:
(typography, mathematics) Either of a pair of symbols, ⟨ ⟩, used to enclose text in various technical contexts, and in mathematical formulas to denote an interval, a continuous parameter or an inner product.


lexentry: eng/angle_grinder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angle grinder
trans_list: szlifierka kątowa | diaks
sense:
A usually hand-held grinder which uses a pair of internal gears to place the rotational axis of the grinding or cutting wheel perpendicular to that of the driving motor.


lexentry: eng/angle_of_attack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angle of attack
trans_list: kąt natarcia
sense:
(aeronautics) The angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the airflow over it; one of the determiners of the amount of lift produced by an airfoil.


lexentry: eng/anglerfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anglerfish
trans_list: diabeł morski | żabnica
sense:
Any fish of the bony fish order Lophiiformes, which have an outgrowth they wiggle to lure and catch their prey.


lexentry: eng/angora__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: angora
trans_list: królik angorski
sense:
A rabbit belonging to the Angora rabbit breed, one of the oldest domestic breeds of rabbits in the world, raised chiefly in Europe for its silky and long hair (a subspecies of the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus).


lexentry: eng/angostura__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: angostura
trans_list: angostura
sense:
A South American tree, with bark used in tradition medicine and as an ingredient in various bitters (but not Angostura bitters), Angostura trifoliata.


lexentry: eng/angst__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: angst
trans_list: niepokój
sense:
A feeling of acute but vague anxiety or apprehension often accompanied by depression, especially philosophical anxiety.


lexentry: eng/angstrom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angstrom
trans_list: angstrem
sense:
(physics, metrology) A unit of length equal to 10−10 meters (that is, one ten-billionth of a meter), approximately the size of an atom, and denoted by the symbol Å, used especially to measure the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation or distances between atoms.


lexentry: eng/angular_momentum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angular momentum
trans_list: kręt | moment pędu
sense:
(physics) The vector product that describes the rotary inertia of a system about an axis and is conserved in a closed system. For an isolated rigid body, it is a measure of the extent to which an object will continue to rotate in the absence of an applied torque.


lexentry: eng/angular_velocity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angular velocity
trans_list: prędkość kątowa
sense:
(mathematics, physics) The angle turned, per unit time, by a body rotating about an axis; the rate of rotation through an angle.


lexentry: eng/angélique__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: angélique
trans_list: anielski
sense:
A plucked bowl lute with two necks and most often sixteen strings, played in the manner of a harp, and popular in Baroque Europe.


lexentry: eng/anhedonia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anhedonia
trans_list: anhedonia
sense:
(symptom, psychiatry) The inability to feel pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable, such as exercise, hobbies, music, sexual activities or social interactions.


lexentry: eng/anhydride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anhydride
trans_list: bezwodnik
sense:
(chemistry) Any compound formally derived from another (or from others) by the loss of a water molecule, especially acid anhydrides.


lexentry: eng/aniline__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aniline
trans_list: anilina | aminobenzen
sense:
(organic compound) The simplest aromatic amine, C6H5NH2, synthesized by the reduction of nitrobenzene; it is a colourless oily basic poisonous liquid used in the manufacture of dyes and pharmaceuticals.


lexentry: eng/animal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: animal
trans_list: zwierzę
sense:
(science) Any member of the kingdom Animalia of multicellular organisms that are usually mobile, whose cells are not encased in a rigid cell wall (distinguishing them from plants and fungi) and which derive energy solely from the consumption of other organisms (further distinguishing them from plants).


lexentry: eng/animal_feed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: animal feed
trans_list: przydział
sense:
Material, of an animal or most often vegetable origin, prepared (especially industrially) as feed for domestic or farm animals.


lexentry: eng/animal_husbandry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: animal husbandry
trans_list: hodowla zwierząt
sense:
The management and care of farm animals by humans for profit, in which genetic qualities and behaviour, considered to be advantageous to humans, are further developed.


lexentry: eng/animal_pole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: animal pole
trans_list: biegun animalny | biegun twórczy | biegun zarodkowy
sense:
(embryology) The hemisphere of the blastula which eventually gives rise to the three germ layers and is composed of small cells that are in a state of rapid division.


lexentry: eng/animal_rights__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: animal rights
trans_list: prawa zwierząt
sense:
Certain fundamental rights that animals are entitled to, such as the right to be spared undue suffering.


lexentry: eng/animalcule__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: animalcule
trans_list: żyjątko
sense:
(physiology, historical) A sperm cell or spermatozoon; also, the embryo that was formerly thought to be contained inside a spermatozoon in a fully developed state. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/animated_cartoon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: animated cartoon
trans_list: film rysunkowy | animacja | film animowany
sense:
Any of several types of film / movie, the frames of which are drawn by hand in order to give a sense of movement when projected in rapid sequence.


lexentry: eng/animation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: animation
trans_list: animacja
sense:
(animation, in the sense of a cartoon) A sequence of still drawings or inanimate objects displayed in rapid succession to create the illusion of movement in motion pictures or computer graphics; the object (film, computer game, etc.) produced


lexentry: eng/anime__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anime
trans_list: anime
sense:
(uncountable) An artistic style originating in, and associated with, Japanese animation, and that has also been adopted by a comparatively low number of animated works from other countries.


lexentry: eng/animutation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: animutation
trans_list: animutacja
sense:
(Internet, uncountable) A form of Internet-based computer animation characterized by unpredictable montages of pop culture images set to music; (countable) an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/anise__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anise
trans_list: anyż | anise
sense:
An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds, which are used as a spice. It has a licorice scent.


lexentry: eng/aniseed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aniseed
trans_list: anyż | anyżek
sense:
(countable, and, uncountable) The seed-like fruit of the anise, used in baking and in the flavouring of liqueurs such as ouzo.


lexentry: eng/anisomorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anisomorphism
trans_list: anizomorfizm
sense:
(linguistics, lexicography) The absence of an exact correspondence between words etc. in two different languages; the differences between two given languages that create mismatches in a translation dictionary.


lexentry: eng/anisotropic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anisotropic
trans_list: anizotropowy
sense:
(physics, mathematics) Having properties that differ according to the direction of measurement; exhibiting anisotropy.


lexentry: eng/ankerite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ankerite
trans_list: ankeryt
sense:
(mineral) Any of a group of mixed carbonate minerals, principally of calcium with iron, magnesium and manganese.


lexentry: eng/ankh__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ankh
trans_list: anch | ankh
sense:
A cross shaped like a T with a loop at the top, the Egyptian hieroglyph representing the Egyptian triliteral ꜥnḫ and often used as an amulet or charm for this concept.


lexentry: eng/ankle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ankle
trans_list: kostka
sense:
The skeletal joint which connects the foot with the leg; the uppermost portion of the foot and lowermost portion of the leg, which contain this skeletal joint.


lexentry: eng/anklebone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anklebone
trans_list: kość skokowa
sense:
The bone of the ankle, forming the lower part of the ankle joint and joining with the tibia and fibula.


lexentry: eng/ankyloglossia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ankyloglossia
trans_list: łamaniec językowy
sense:
(medicine) A congenital oral anomaly in which the lingual frenulum is unusually short and thick, decreasing mobility of the tongue and affecting eating, speech, etc.


lexentry: eng/ankylosaurus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ankylosaurus
trans_list: ankylozaur
sense:
A large herbivorous dinosaur, of genus Ankylosaurus, that lived in the Cretaceous period, noted for its heavy armor and club-like tail.


lexentry: eng/anlaut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anlaut
trans_list: nagłos
sense:
(linguistics) The first sound of a word (word-initial position) or syllable (syllable-initial position).


lexentry: eng/anneal__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anneal
trans_list: rozpalać
sense:
(metallurgy) To subject to great heat and then (often slow) cooling, and sometimes reheating and further cooling, for the purpose of rendering less brittle; to temper; to toughen.


lexentry: eng/annealing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annealing
trans_list: wyżarzanie
sense:
The heating of solid metal or glass to high temperatures and cooling it slowly so that its particles arrange into a defined lattice to remove residual stress.


lexentry: eng/annelid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annelid
trans_list: pierścienica
sense:
Any of various wormlike animals, of the phylum Annelida, having a segmented body; they include the earthworm and the leech.


lexentry: eng/annihilate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: annihilate
trans_list: anihilować
sense:
(particle physics) To react with antimatter, producing gamma radiation and (for higher-mass reactants, especially composite particles such as protons) lighter particles (such as pions, muons, and neutrinos).


lexentry: eng/annihilator__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: annihilator
trans_list: anihilator
sense:
(commutative algebra, of an element (or subset) of an R-module M) That ideal of R whose elements yield zero when multiplied by the given element (or; by the elements of the given subset) of M.


lexentry: eng/anniversary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anniversary
trans_list: rocznica | aniwersarz
sense:
A day that is an exact number of years (to the day) since a given significant event occurred. Often preceded by an ordinal number indicating the number of years.


lexentry: eng/annoy__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annoy
trans_list: irytować
sense:
(transitive) To disturb or irritate, especially by continued or repeated acts; to bother with unpleasant deeds.


lexentry: eng/annual__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: annual
trans_list: roczny | coroczny | doroczny | jednoroczny
sense:
Of, for, or relating to a whole year, often as a recurring cycle; determined or reckoned by the year; accumulating in the course of a year; performed, executed, or completed over the course of a year. See also circannual.


lexentry: eng/annual__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annual
trans_list: rocznik
sense:
An annual publication; a book, periodical, journal, report, comic book, yearbook, etc., which is published serially once a year, which may or may not be in addition to regular weekly or monthly publication.


lexentry: eng/annual_leave__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annual leave
trans_list: urlop
sense:
(workplace) Amount of time expressed as the number of days per year that an employee is entitled to be away from work.


lexentry: eng/annuity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annuity
trans_list: emerytura
sense:
(insurance, pensions) A right to receive amounts of money regularly over a certain fixed period, in perpetuity, or, especially, over the remaining life or lives of one or more beneficiaries.


lexentry: eng/annular_eclipse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: annular eclipse
trans_list: zaćmienie obrączkowe
sense:
(astronomy) a solar eclipse in which the thin outer disk of the sun can be seen as a ring around the moon


lexentry: eng/annulus__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: annulus
trans_list: pierścień kołowy
sense:
(botany) A structure surrounding a sporangium (or part of it) which shrinks and causes it to rupture for spore dispersal; specifically, in a fern: a structure around about two-thirds of the sporangium consisting of differentially thick-walled cells which dry and distort the sporangium; and in a moss: a complete ring of cells around the tip of the sporangium which dissolves to cause the tip to detach.


lexentry: eng/annulus__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: annulus
trans_list: pierścień kołowy
sense:
(topology) Any topological space homeomorphic to the region in a plane between two concentric circles of different radii.


lexentry: eng/anoa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anoa
trans_list: anoa
sense:
Either of two related species of small Indonesian water buffalo similar in appearance to deer; Bubalus quarlesi or Bubalus depressicornis.


lexentry: eng/anocracy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anocracy
trans_list: anokracja
sense:
(politics) A political system which is neither fully democratic nor fully autocratic, often being vulnerable to political instability.


lexentry: eng/anode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anode
trans_list: anoda
sense:
(electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows inwards (and thus, electrons flow outwards). It can have either a positive or a negative voltage with respect to cathode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).


lexentry: eng/anodontia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anodontia
trans_list: anodoncja | bezzębie | bezzębność
sense:
(dentistry, teratology) The congenital absence of some or all primary or permanent teeth, caused by a rare genetic disorder.


lexentry: eng/anoint__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: anoint
trans_list: namaszczać
sense:
(transitive) To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite, especially for consecration.


lexentry: eng/anoint__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: anoint
trans_list: wybrać
sense:
(transitive, historical) To mark somebody as an official ruler, especially a king or queen, as a part of a religious ceremony.


lexentry: eng/anomaly__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: anomaly
trans_list: anomalia | nieprawidłowość
sense:
(science) Any event or measurement that is out of the ordinary regardless of whether it is exceptional or not.


lexentry: eng/anon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anon
trans_list: anon
sense:
(internet) An anonymous . A participant in an online site, such as a forum or an imageboard, without an account, or who posts without identifying themselves, or hidden behind a pseudonym.


lexentry: eng/anon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anon
trans_list: anon
sense:
An anonymous person, traditionally especially a published author but now especially an internet rando.


lexentry: eng/anopheles__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anopheles
trans_list: widliszek
sense:
(entomology, loosely, also, attributive) A mosquito of the genus Anopheles, some insects of which transmit various parasites of the genus Plasmodium that are the cause of malaria.


lexentry: eng/anorthosite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anorthosite
trans_list: anortozyt
sense:
(rock) A phaneritic, intrusive igneous rock characterized by a predominance of plagioclase feldspar.


lexentry: eng/anoscopy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anoscopy
trans_list: anoskopia
sense:
(medicine) An examination using a small, rigid, tubular instrument called an anoscope which is inserted into the anal canal


lexentry: eng/another__Determiner__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: another
trans_list: jeden | jeszcze | kolejny | następny
sense:
One more further, in addition to the quantity by then; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.


lexentry: eng/anoxia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anoxia
trans_list: anoksja
sense:
(ecology, pathology) A condition in which a body tissue or an environment is severely or totally deprived of oxygen; severe hypoxia.


lexentry: eng/ansatz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ansatz
trans_list: nasadka
sense:
(mathematics) A mathematical assumption used to describe a certain phenomenon, posited in order to help provisionally solve an equation or other problem. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/answer__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: answer
trans_list: odpowiedź
sense:
(legal) A document filed in response to a complaint, responding to each point raised in the complaint and raising counterpoints.


lexentry: eng/answer__Verb__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: answer
trans_list: odpowiadać | odpowiedzieć
sense:
To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; usually with to.


lexentry: eng/answer__Verb__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: answer
trans_list: odpowiadać | odpowiedzieć
sense:
(obsolete) To be or act as an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay.


lexentry: eng/ant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ant
trans_list: mrówka
sense:
Any of various insects in the family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera, typically living in large colonies composed almost entirely of flightless females.


lexentry: eng/antacid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antacid
trans_list: kwasoodporny
sense:
An agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity, especially in the stomach. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/antagonist__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: antagonist
trans_list: antagonista
sense:
(biochemistry) A chemical that binds to a receptor but does not produce a physiological response, blocking the action of other agonist chemicals, such as endogenous chemical messengers.


lexentry: eng/ante__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ante
trans_list: stawka
sense:
(poker) In poker and other games, the contribution made by all players to the pot, often before dealing all the cards.


lexentry: eng/anteater__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: anteater
trans_list: mrówkojad
sense:
Any of several animals of South and Central America, in the suborder Vermilingua, which are noted for eating ants and termites which they catch with their long sticky tongues, including giant anteater and lesser anteater (also known as collared anteater).


lexentry: eng/antecedent__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: antecedent
trans_list: antecedens
sense:
(logic) The conditional part of a hypothetical proposition, i.e. p \rightarrow q, where p is the antecedent, and q is the consequent.


lexentry: eng/antediluvian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antediluvian
trans_list: przedpotopowy
sense:
(biblical) Belonging or pertaining to, or existing in, the time prior to the great flood described in Genesis, or (by extension) to a great or destructive flood or deluge described in other mythologies.


lexentry: eng/antefix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antefix
trans_list: antefiks
sense:
(architecture) The vertical blocks which terminate the covering tiles of the roof of a Roman, Etruscan, or Greek temple.


lexentry: eng/antelope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: antelope
trans_list: antylopa
sense:
Any of several African mammals of the family Bovidae distinguished by hollow horns, which, unlike deer, they do not shed.


lexentry: eng/antenna__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: antenna
trans_list: antena | czułek
sense:
An apparatus to receive or transmit electromagnetic waves and convert respectively to or from an electrical signal.


