# translation

lexentry: eng/oppose__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oppose
trans_list: oponować | przeciwstawiać | przeciwstawić | sprzeciwiać | sprzeciwić | zaoponować
sense:
To attempt to stop the progression of; to resist or antagonize by physical means, or by arguments, etc.; to contend against.


lexentry: eng/opposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: opposition
trans_list: opozycja
sense:
(astronomy) The apparent relative position of two celestial bodies when one is at an angle of 180 degrees from the other as seen from the Earth.


lexentry: eng/opposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: opposition
trans_list: opozycja
sense:
(chess) A position in which the player on the move must yield with his king allowing his opponent to advance with his own king.


lexentry: eng/opposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: opposition
trans_list: opozycja
sense:
(logic) The difference of quantity or quality between two propositions having the same subject and predicate.


lexentry: eng/opprobrium__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: opprobrium
trans_list: zelżywość
sense:
Disgrace or bad reputation arising from exceedingly shameful behaviour; ignominy. [from late 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/oprichnina__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oprichnina
trans_list: opricznina | oprycznina
sense:
(historical) The period of Russian history between 1565 and 1572 during which Tsar Ivan the Terrible instituted a domestic policy of secret police, mass repressions, public executions, and confiscation of land from Russian aristocrats.


lexentry: eng/opt-in__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: opt-in
trans_list: uczestniczący
sense:
The property of having to choose explicitly to join or permit something; a decision having the default option being exclusion or avoidance; used particularly with regard to mailing lists and advertising.


lexentry: eng/opt-out__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: opt-out
trans_list: rezygnacyjny
sense:
Requiring a person or organization to choose explicitly to avoid or forbid something; tending to include by default; used particularly with regard to mailing lists and advertising.


lexentry: eng/optic_nerve__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: optic nerve
trans_list: nerw wzrokowy
sense:
(neuroanatomy) Each of the second pair of cranial nerves that carry visual information from the retina to the brain.


lexentry: eng/optical_disc__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: optical disc
trans_list: dysk optyczny
sense:
(computer hardware) A modern data storage medium consisting of a flat disc read mechanically by illumination with laser light, including the Laserdisc, compact disc, DVD, and Blu-ray.


lexentry: eng/optical_double__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: optical double
trans_list: optyczna gwiazda podwójna
sense:
(star) A star that appears as a double due to an optical illusion; in reality, the stars may be far apart from each other.


lexentry: eng/optical_fibre__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: optical fibre
trans_list: światłowód
sense:
(British spelling) A thin, transparent, flexible fibre, made of glass or plastic, used for transmitting light.


lexentry: eng/optimistic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: optimistic
trans_list: optymistyczny
sense:
(computing) Allowing other processes to perform transactions on the same data at the same time, and checking for conflicts only when changes need to be written back.


lexentry: eng/optimization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: optimization
trans_list: optymalizacja
sense:
The design and operation of a system or process to make it as good as possible in some defined sense.


lexentry: eng/optimum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: optimum
trans_list: optimum
sense:
The best or most favorable condition, or the greatest amount or degree possible under specific sets of comparable circumstances.


lexentry: eng/option__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: option
trans_list: opcja
sense:
(finance, legal) A contract giving the holder the right to buy or sell an asset at a set strike price; can apply to financial market transactions, or to ordinary transactions for tangible assets such as a residence or automobile. [from mid-18th c.]


lexentry: eng/optometrist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: optometrist
trans_list: optometrysta | optometrystka
sense:
A person trained and skilled in examining and testing the eyes for defects, in order to prescribe corrective lenses or treatment.


lexentry: eng/opus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: opus
trans_list: opus
sense:
(music) A work of music or set of works with a specified rank in an ordering of a composer's complete published works.


lexentry: eng/or__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: or
trans_list: albo | lub | czy | bądź | tudzież
sense:
(logic) An operator denoting the disjunction of two propositions or truth values. There are two forms, the inclusive or and the exclusive or.


lexentry: eng/or_something__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: or something
trans_list: czy coś takiego
sense:
(idiomatic) Or something like that. Used to indicate the possibility that the preceding word or phrase is vague or not exactly correct in its applicability.


lexentry: eng/or_words_to_that_effect__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: or words to that effect
trans_list: coś w tym stylu
sense:
(idiomatic) used to indicate a paraphrase or the chance of an error in the details of reported speech.


lexentry: eng/oral_cavity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oral cavity
trans_list: jama ustna
sense:
(anatomy) The cavity of the mouth, especially the part of the mouth behind the gums and teeth that is bounded above by the hard and soft palates and below by the tongue and by the mucous membrane connecting it with the inner part of the mandible.


lexentry: eng/oral_hygiene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oral hygiene
trans_list: higiena jamy ustnej
sense:
The practice of keeping the mouth clean in order to prevent cavities (dental caries), gingivitis, periodontitis, bad breath (halitosis), and other dental disorders.


lexentry: eng/orange__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orange
trans_list: pomarańcza | drzewo pomarańczowe
sense:
(countable) An evergreen tree of the genus Citrus such as Citrus sinensis which yields oranges (the fruit).


lexentry: eng/orange__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: orange
trans_list: pomarańcza | pomarańcz
sense:
(countable) Any round citrus fruit with a yellow-red colour when ripe and a sour-sweet taste; the fruit of the orange tree.


lexentry: eng/orange_juice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orange juice
trans_list: sok pomarańczowy
sense:
The juice of squeezed oranges; used as a beverage or in cocktails. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/orange_peel__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: orange peel
trans_list: skórka pomarańczowa
sense:
An uneven surface resembling orange peel, especially cellulite or an imperfect finish on a spray-painted object such as a car.


lexentry: eng/orangutan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orangutan
trans_list: orangutan
sense:
An arboreal ape, characterised by their shaggy reddish-brown coat and long arms, which comprise the genus Pongo, native to Borneo and Sumatra.


lexentry: eng/orans__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orans
trans_list: adorant
sense:
(arts, Christianity) A figure in an attitude of prayer, usually standing, with the elbows close to the sides of the body and with the hands outstretched sideways, palms up.


lexentry: eng/oration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: oration
trans_list: oracja
sense:
(Catholicism) A specific form of short, solemn prayer said by the president of the liturgical celebration on behalf of the people.


lexentry: eng/oratorio__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oratorio
trans_list: oratorium
sense:
(music) A musical composition, often based on a religious theme; similar to opera but with no costume, scenery or acting.


lexentry: eng/orb__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: orb
trans_list: sfera
sense:
Celestial sphere; one of the azure transparent spheres conceived by the ancients to be enclosed one within another, and to carry the heavenly bodies in their revolutions


lexentry: eng/orbit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orbit
trans_list: orbita
sense:
(pinball) A path for the ball on the outer edge of the playfield, usually connected so that the ball entering in one end will come out of the other.


lexentry: eng/orbital__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orbital
trans_list: orbital
sense:
(physics) A specification of the energy and probability density of one or more electrons at any point in an atom or molecule, representable as a wave function.


lexentry: eng/orc__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orc
trans_list: ork
sense:
(fantasy, mythology) A mythical evil monstrous humanoid creature, usually quite aggressive and often green. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/orchestra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orchestra
trans_list: orkiestra
sense:
(music) A large group of musicians who play together on various instruments, usually including some from strings, woodwind, brass and/or percussion; the instruments played by such a group.


lexentry: eng/orchestra__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: orchestra
trans_list: orchestra | orkiestra
sense:
(Ancient Greece, theater) A semicircular space in front of the stage used by the chorus in Ancient Greek and Hellenistic theatres.


lexentry: eng/orchestra__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: orchestra
trans_list: orkiestra
sense:
The area in a theatre or concert hall where the musicians sit, immediately in front of and below the stage, sometimes (also) used by other performers.


lexentry: eng/orchestra_pit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orchestra pit
trans_list: kanał dla orkiestry | orkiestron
sense:
(performing arts) A sunken area in front of a stage in which musicians, largely hidden from view, play music to accompany stage performances.


lexentry: eng/orchid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orchid
trans_list: orchidea | storczyk
sense:
A plant of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), bearing unusually-shaped flowers of beautiful colours. [mid-19th c.]


lexentry: eng/orda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orda
trans_list: horda
sense:
(historical) A political and military organizational structure used by Turkic and Mongol peoples, sometimes referred to as a horde.


lexentry: eng/ordeal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ordeal
trans_list: ordalia | sąd boży
sense:
(historical) A trial in which the accused was subjected to a dangerous test (such as ducking in water), divine authority deciding the guilt of the accused.


lexentry: eng/order__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: order
trans_list: zakon | rząd
sense:
(countable) A group of religious adherents, especially monks or nuns, set apart within their religion by adherence to a particular rule or set of principles.


lexentry: eng/order__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: order
trans_list: order | zakon
sense:
(countable) A decoration, awarded by a government, a dynastic house, or a religious body to an individual, usually for distinguished service to a nation or to humanity.


lexentry: eng/order__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: order
trans_list: rząd | porządek
sense:
(countable, biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below class and above family; a taxon at that rank.


lexentry: eng/order__Noun__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: order
trans_list: liczba atomowa | porządek
sense:
A number of things or persons arranged in a fixed or suitable place, or relative position; a rank; a row; a grade; especially, a rank or class in society; a distinct character, kind, or sort.


lexentry: eng/order__Noun__1
sense_num: 21
written_rep: order
trans_list: zakon | rząd
sense:
(graph theory, of a graph) The number of vertices in the graph (i.e. the set-theoretic order of the set of vertices of the graph).


lexentry: eng/order_of_knighthood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: order of knighthood
trans_list: zakon rycerski
sense:
An order which (at least mainly) consists of members who receive and/or most have the knighthood, hence constitutes an honorific brotherhood (in modern times often open to both genders, in rare cases a sisterhood) of knights (and/or, as female equivalent, dames). The hierarchical structure, purpose, activities (in many cases rare and mainly ceremonious), titles and insignia vary widely.


lexentry: eng/order_of_magnitude__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: order of magnitude
trans_list: rząd wielkości
sense:
(mathematics) The class of scale or magnitude of any amount, where each class contains values of a fixed ratio (most often 10) to the class preceding it.


lexentry: eng/ordered_pair__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ordered pair
trans_list: para uporządkowana
sense:
(set theory) An object containing exactly two elements in a fixed order, so that, when the elements are different, exchanging them gives a different object. Notation: (a, b) or \langle a, b\rangle.


lexentry: eng/ordinal_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ordinal number
trans_list: liczebnik porządkowy | liczba porządkowa
sense:
(set theory) Such a number generalised to correspond to any cardinal number (the size of some set); formally, the order type of some well-ordered set of some cardinality a, which represents an equivalence class of well-ordered sets (exactly those of cardinality a) under the equivalence relation "existence of an order-preserving bijection".


lexentry: eng/ordinary__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ordinary
trans_list: figura heraldyczna
sense:
(heraldry) One of the standard geometric designs placed across the center of a coat of arms, such as a pale or fess. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/ordinate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ordinate
trans_list: rzędna
sense:
(geometry) The second of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes.


lexentry: eng/ordinate__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ordinate
trans_list: rzędna
sense:
(geometry) The vertical line representing an axis of a Cartesian coordinate system, on which the ordinate (sense above) is shown.


lexentry: eng/ordoliberalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ordoliberalism
trans_list: ordoliberalizm
sense:
(economics, politics) A political philosophy that emphasizes the desirability of the government establishing rules to maximize the potential of the free market to produce results.


lexentry: eng/ore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ore
trans_list: ruda
sense:
Rock or other material that contains valuable or utilitarian materials; primarily a rock containing metals or gems for which it is typically mined and processed.


lexentry: eng/orf__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orf
trans_list: niesztowica | niesztowice
sense:
(medicine) An exanthemous disease caused by a parapox virus, occurring primarily in sheep and goats but also capable of infecting humans.


lexentry: eng/organ__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: organ
trans_list: organy
sense:
(musical instruments) A musical instrument that has multiple pipes which play when a key is pressed (the pipe organ), or an electronic instrument designed to replicate such.


lexentry: eng/organ_donor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: organ donor
trans_list: dawca narządów
sense:
A person (living or dead) from whom an organ is removed in order to be transplanted into another person.


lexentry: eng/organ_gun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: organ gun
trans_list: organki
sense:
(firearm, historical) A large, portable firearm normally supported by wheels, in which bullets may be fired from a row of several tubes in succession; it was chiefly used from the 14th to the 17th century.


lexentry: eng/organ_loft__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: organ loft
trans_list: platforma do organów
sense:
The gallery or raised platform within a church or hall from which an organ is played, though not necessarily housing the organ itself.


lexentry: eng/organelle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: organelle
trans_list: organellum | organella | organoid
sense:
(cytology) A specialized structure found inside cells that carries out a specific life process (e.g. ribosomes, vacuoles).


lexentry: eng/organic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: organic
trans_list: naturalny
sense:
(agriculture) Of food or food products, grown in an environment free from artificial agrichemicals, and possibly certified by a regulatory body. [from 1942]


lexentry: eng/organic_chemistry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: organic chemistry
trans_list: chemia organiczna
sense:
(chemistry) The chemistry of organic compounds (that is, chemical compounds with carbon atoms in a covalent bond).


lexentry: eng/organic_farming__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: organic farming
trans_list: uprawa naturalna
sense:
(agriculture) An approach to farming based on biological methods that avoid the use of synthetic crop or livestock production inputs and on a broadly defined philosophy of farming that puts value on ecological harmony, resource efficiency, and non-intensive animal husbandry practices.


lexentry: eng/organism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: organism
trans_list: organizm
sense:
Something with many separate interdependent parts, seen as being like a living thing; an organic system. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/organization_chart__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: organization chart
trans_list: schemat organizacyjny
sense:
(management) A graphic display of reporting relationships in an organization, sometimes displaying position titles and position holders.


lexentry: eng/organized_crime__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: organized crime
trans_list: przestępczość zorganizowana
sense:
A large criminal organization, or a group of such organizations, that deals in illegal goods and services.


lexentry: eng/organometallic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: organometallic
trans_list: organometaliczny
sense:
(chemistry) of, or relating to organic compounds having a metal atom directly bonded to a carbon atom


lexentry: eng/orgasm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: orgasm
trans_list: orgazm
sense:
A rush of sexual excitement; now specifically, the climax or peak of sexual pleasure, which occurs during sexual activity and which in males may include ejaculation and in females vaginal contractions. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/oriel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oriel
trans_list: wykusz
sense:
(architecture) A large polygonal recess in a building, such as a bay window, forming a protrusion on the outer wall.


lexentry: eng/orient__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: orient
trans_list: ukierunkować
sense:
(transitive, by extension) To align or place (a person or object) so that his, her, or its east side, north side, etc., is positioned toward the corresponding points of the compass; (specifically, surveying) to rotate (a map attached to a plane table) until the line of direction between any two of its points is parallel to the corresponding direction in nature.


lexentry: eng/orient__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: orient
trans_list: orientować się
sense:
(transitive, often, reflexive, figuratively) To familiarize (oneself or someone) with a circumstance or situation.


lexentry: eng/orientalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orientalism
trans_list: orientalizm
sense:
(arts, architecture, literature) The tendency to represent eastern subjects, to assume stylistical characteristics original of the East.


lexentry: eng/orientation__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: orientation
trans_list: orientacja
sense:
(education) Events to orient new students at a school; events to help new students become familiar with a school.


lexentry: eng/origin_story__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: origin story
trans_list: geneza
sense:
(narratology) An account of how a fictional character or characters became a protagonist or antagonist.


lexentry: eng/original__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: original
trans_list: oryginał | autentyk | pierwowzór | prawzór | wzorzec
sense:
An object or other creation (e.g. narrative work) from which all later copies and variations are derived.


lexentry: eng/original_sin__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: original sin
trans_list: grzech pierworodny
sense:
(Christianity) The state of sinfulness, present in each human from birth, which is a result of Adam's disobedience.


lexentry: eng/originate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: originate
trans_list: rozwijać
sense:
(transitive) To cause (someone or something) to be; to bring (someone or something) into existence; to produce or initiate a person or thing. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/originate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: originate
trans_list: rozwijać
sense:
(intransitive) To come into existence; to have origin or beginning; to spring, be derived (from, with). [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/oriole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oriole
trans_list: wilga
sense:
Any of various colourful passerine birds, the New World orioles from the family Icteridae and the Old World orioles from the family Oriolidae.


lexentry: eng/orisha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orisha
trans_list: orisza
sense:
A divine entity in Yoruba religion that possesses the supernatural capability of reflecting some of the manifestations of Olódùmarè


lexentry: eng/ornament__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ornament
trans_list: ornament
sense:
(music) A musical flourish that is unnecessary to the overall melodic or harmonic line, but serves to decorate that line.


lexentry: eng/ornery__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ornery
trans_list: uparty
sense:
(originally, and, chiefly, US, especially, Appalachia, informal) Disagreeable, stubborn, and troublesome to deal with; cantankerous.


lexentry: eng/ornithine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ornithine
trans_list: ornityna
sense:
(amino acid, organic compound) An amino acid, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, that is not present in protein, but is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of urea.


lexentry: eng/ornithomimus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ornithomimus
trans_list: ornitomim
sense:
(paleontology) Any relatively small theropod dinosaur of the genus †Ornithomimus, the first genus of the ornithomimids to be described.


lexentry: eng/orotic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orotic acid
trans_list: kwas orotowy
sense:
(biochemistry) A crystalline acid which was discovered in milk and is a growth factor for various microorganisms (as Lactobacillus bulgaricus) and an intermediate in pyrimidine biosynthesis; uracil-6-carboxylic acid, C5H4N2O4.


lexentry: eng/orphrey__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: orphrey
trans_list: złota ozdoba
sense:
(Christianity) An embroidered ornamental band or border on an ecclesiastical vestment, altar frontal, etc. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/orpiment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orpiment
trans_list: aurypigment
sense:
Arsenic trisulphide, occurring naturally in crystals or massive deposits, formerly used as a dye or pigment.


lexentry: eng/orthoclase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orthoclase
trans_list: ortoklaz
sense:
(mineral) Potassium aluminum silicate, KAlSi3O8, a common feldspar of igneous, plutonic, and metamorphic rocks. Orthoclase is the main feldspar of pegmatite occurrences, where it is most commonly flesh-colored. Orthoclase is used in the ceramic and glass industries and as a decorative gravel.


lexentry: eng/orthodox__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orthodox
trans_list: ortodoksyjny | prawowierny
sense:
Conforming to the accepted, established, or traditional doctrines of a given faith, religion, or ideology. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/orthodoxy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orthodoxy
trans_list: ortodoksja
sense:
Correctness of doctrine and belief in regard to any doctrinal (i.e. philosophical or theological) system.


lexentry: eng/orthogenesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orthogenesis
trans_list: ortogeneza
sense:
(evolutionary theory, historical) The hypothesis that evolution tends toward a certain goal, at least at some scales.


lexentry: eng/orthogonal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: orthogonal
trans_list: ortogonalny | prostopadły
sense:
Of a pair of elements in an ortholattice: each less than or equal to the orthocomplement of the other.


lexentry: eng/orthogonal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: orthogonal
trans_list: niezależny
sense:
(software engineering) Of two or more aspects of a problem, able to be treated separately; of a design, exhibiting consistency and composability.


lexentry: eng/orthographically__Adverb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: orthographically
trans_list: ortograficznie
sense:
(drafting, engineering, manufacturing) Using an orthographic projection (a way of showing three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional engineering drawings).


lexentry: eng/orthography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orthography
trans_list: ortografia
sense:
(countable) A method of representing a language or the sounds of language by written symbols; spelling.


lexentry: eng/orthography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orthography
trans_list: ortografia | pisownia
sense:
(uncountable) Correct spelling according to established usage; also (obsolete) pronunciation according to the spelling of a word.


lexentry: eng/orthography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orthography
trans_list: ortografia
sense:
(uncountable) The aspect of language study concerned with letters and their sequences in words; the study of spelling.


lexentry: eng/orthopedics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orthopedics
trans_list: ortopedia
sense:
(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the prevention or correction of disorders of the bones and associated muscles and joints


lexentry: eng/orthophoto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: orthophoto
trans_list: ortofotografia
sense:
An aerial photograph that has been geometrically corrected (orthorectified) such that the scale of the photograph is uniform, meaning that the photo can be considered equivalent to a map.


lexentry: eng/oscar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oscar
trans_list: ocznik | pielęgnica pawiooka
sense:
A cichlid fish of species Astronotus ocellatus, native to South America, sometimes kept in aquariums.


lexentry: eng/oscilloscope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oscilloscope
trans_list: oscyloskop
sense:
An electronic measuring instrument that creates a visible two-dimensional graph, on a screen, of one or more continuously varying voltages or currents.


lexentry: eng/osculating_circle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: osculating circle
trans_list: okrąg ściśle styczny
sense:
(geometry, for any point on a curve) The circle that has the same tangent, and the same curvature at the point on the curve.


lexentry: eng/osmium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: osmium
trans_list: osm
sense:
A chemical element (symbol Os) with atomic number 76: a hard, brittle, heavy, bluish-white transition metal found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores.


lexentry: eng/osmoregulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: osmoregulation
trans_list: osmoregulacja
sense:
The homeostatic regulation of osmotic pressure in the body in order to maintain a certain water content (concentration of electrolytes, pH, etc).


lexentry: eng/osmosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: osmosis
trans_list: osmoza
sense:
(chemistry) The net movement of solvent molecules, usually water, from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration through a partially permeable membrane.


lexentry: eng/osmosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: osmosis
trans_list: osmoza
sense:
(figurative) Passive absorption or impartation of information, habits, etc.; the process of teaching or learning particular knowledge incidentally rather than consciously.


lexentry: eng/osprey__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: osprey
trans_list: rybołów | rybołów zwyczajny
sense:
A bird of prey of genus Pandion that feeds on fish and has white underparts and long, narrow wings each ending in four finger-like extensions.


lexentry: eng/osseous_tissue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: osseous tissue
trans_list: tkanka kostna
sense:
(anatomy) The major structural and supportive connective tissue of the body which forms the rigid part of the bone organs that make up the skeletal system.


lexentry: eng/ossify__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ossify
trans_list: kostnieć
sense:
(ambitransitive) To transform (or cause to transform) from a softer animal substance into bone; particularly the processes of growth in humans and animals.


lexentry: eng/ostensible__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ostensible
trans_list: formalny
sense:
Appearing as such; being such in appearance; professed, supposed (rather than demonstrably true or real).


lexentry: eng/ostensibly__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ostensibly
trans_list: pozornie
sense:
(modal) Seemingly, apparently, on the surface; supposedly, according to representations or implications made by someone (especially when their motives are suspected by others).


lexentry: eng/osteoarthritis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: osteoarthritis
trans_list: choroba zwyrodnieniowa stawów
sense:
(medicine) A form of arthritis, affecting mainly older people, caused by chronic degeneration of the cartilage and synovial membrane of the joints, leading to pain and stiffness.


lexentry: eng/osteocalcin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: osteocalcin
trans_list: osteokalcyna
sense:
(organic compound, biochemistry) A protein, found in bone and dentin and manufactured by osteoblasts, that plays a role in mineralization and calcium ion homeostasis.


lexentry: eng/osteomalacia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: osteomalacia
trans_list: osteomalacja
sense:
(medicine) A softening of adult bones due to inadequate mineralization; the adult equivalent of rickets


lexentry: eng/osteopath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: osteopath
trans_list: osteopata
sense:
(alternative medicine) A non-physician healthcare practitioner who practices osteopathy by manipulating the skeleton and muscles. Not to be confused with Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) (also known as osteopathic physicians) who are full physicians like Doctors of Medicine (M.D.).


lexentry: eng/osteoporosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: osteoporosis
trans_list: osteoporoza
sense:
(pathology) A disease, occurring especially in women following menopause, in which the bones become extremely porous and are subject to fracture.


lexentry: eng/osteotomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: osteotomy
trans_list: osteotomia
sense:
(surgery) The surgical procedure of cutting a bone. This is often performed to either lengthen, shorten, or straighten a bone.


lexentry: eng/ostmark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ostmark
trans_list: marka
sense:
(historical) The currency unit of the former German Democratic Republic (aka GDR, DDR, East Germany) until 1990, abbreviated DDM.


lexentry: eng/ostracism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ostracism
trans_list: ostracyzm
sense:
(historical) In ancient Athens (and some other cities), the temporary banishment by popular vote of a citizen considered dangerous to the state. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/ostracize__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ostracize
trans_list: chmura
sense:
(by extension) To exclude a person from a community or from society by not communicating with them or by refusing to acknowledge their presence; to refuse to associate with or talk to; to shun. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/ostracod__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ostracod
trans_list: małżoraczek
sense:
Any of many small crustaceans, of the class Ostracoda, that resemble a shrimp enclosed in a bivalve shell.


lexentry: eng/ostrichism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ostrichism
trans_list: strusia polityka
sense:
(derogatory) A policy of burying one's head in the sand, that is, ignoring the reality of a situation. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/otaku__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: otaku
trans_list: otaku
sense:
(fandom) One with an obsessive interest in something, particularly (originally, _, pejorative) an obsessive Japanese fan of anime or manga.


lexentry: eng/other_woman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: other woman
trans_list: relacja
sense:
(informal) A woman who is romantically involved with someone (usually a man) already in a committed relationship with another woman, especially a woman having an affair with a married man.


lexentry: eng/othering__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: othering
trans_list: inność
sense:
(philosophy, politics) : the process of perceiving or portraying someone or something as essentially alien or different.


lexentry: eng/others__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: others
trans_list: inne
sense:
Those remaining after one or more people or items have left, or done something else, or been excluded.


lexentry: eng/otherworldly__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: otherworldly
trans_list: nieziemski
sense:
Of, concerned with, or preoccupied with a world different from the tangible world, especially a fantasy, imaginary, or mystical world.


lexentry: eng/otolith__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: otolith
trans_list: otolit
sense:
(zoology) A small particle, composed mainly of calcium carbonate, found in the inner ear of vertebrates, being part of the balance sense.


lexentry: eng/ottava_rima__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ottava rima
trans_list: oktawa
sense:
(poetry) An arrangement of stanzas of eight lines in heroic verse, with three rhymes, the first six lines rhyming alternately and the last two forming a couplet (ab ab ab cc).


lexentry: eng/ottoman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ottoman
trans_list: kanapa
sense:
(furniture) An upholstered sofa, without arms or a back, sometimes with a compartment for storing linen etc.


lexentry: eng/ottoman__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ottoman
trans_list: osmański
sense:
(textiles) A fabric with a pronounced ribbed or corded effect, often made of silk or a mixture of cotton and silk-like yarns.


lexentry: eng/oud__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oud
trans_list: ud
sense:
(musical instrument) A short-necked and fretless plucked stringed instrument of the lute family, of Arab and Turkish origin.


lexentry: eng/ouroboros__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ouroboros
trans_list: uroboros
sense:
(mythological creature) A serpent, dragon or worm that eats its own tail, a representation of the continuous cycle of life and death.


lexentry: eng/ours__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: ours
trans_list: nasz
sense:
(colloquial, may seem patronising) That or those belonging to an individual being addressed; used especially to a person in the speaker's care, or to whom advice or instruction is being given.


lexentry: eng/ourself__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ourself
trans_list: nam
sense:
(reflexive pronoun) The reflexive of the royal or editorial we: myself (as used by one who is a monarch, writer or speaker when referring to oneself as we).


lexentry: eng/ourselves__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ourselves
trans_list: my
sense:
(emphatic) Intensifies the subject as the group including the speaker, especially to indicate that no one else satisfies the predicate or needs to be included.


lexentry: eng/out__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: out
trans_list: autować | wyautować
sense:
(transitive) To reveal (a person or organization) as having a certain secret, such as a being a secret agent or undercover detective.


lexentry: eng/out_of_one's_league__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: out of one's league
trans_list: daleko
sense:
(idiomatic) In a situation in which one is mismatched with one or more others whose accomplishments, preparedness, or other characteristics are on a significantly higher or lower level than one's own.


lexentry: eng/out_of_practice__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: out of practice
trans_list: (wyjść) z wprawy
sense:
(of a person) Diminished in proficiency, especially in exercising a skill, due to disuse or a lack of recent experience.


lexentry: eng/out_of_print__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: out of print
trans_list: niedostępny
sense:
(publishing, music industry) Not available from the publisher (of a printed work, especially a book, or a music release).


lexentry: eng/out_of_the_frying_pan,_into_the_fire__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: out of the frying pan, into the fire
trans_list: wpadać z deszczu pod rynnę | wpaść z deszczu pod rynnę
sense:
(idiomatic) Move or get from an already bad situation to a worse one; end up in a worse situation when trying to escape from a bad or difficult one.


lexentry: eng/out_of_touch__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: out of touch
trans_list: oderwany od rzeczywistości | odklejony
sense:
(idiomatic) No longer conversant with something, especially facts, reality, or the world; not aware or realistic.


lexentry: eng/outback__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: outback
trans_list: busz
sense:
(Australia) The most remote and desolate areas of Australia; the desert and areas too arid for growing crops.


lexentry: eng/outbuilding__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: outbuilding
trans_list: przybudówka
sense:
A building, such as a barn, shed, or garage, that is separate from, but associated with some main building.


lexentry: eng/outcompete__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: outcompete
trans_list: wypierać
sense:
To be more successful than a competitor; especially to thrive in the presence of an organism that is competing for resources.


lexentry: eng/outdoors__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: outdoors
trans_list: natura | przyroda
sense:
(often preceded by the) The natural environment in the open air, countryside away from cities and buildings.


lexentry: eng/outer_ear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: outer ear
trans_list: ucho zewnętrzne
sense:
(anatomy) The outer portion of the ear which includes the auricle/pinna and the ear canal and leads to the eardrum.


lexentry: eng/outer_planet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: outer planet
trans_list: planeta zewnętrzna
sense:
(astronomy) Any planet of the Solar System whose orbit is located beyond the asteroid belt, i.e., any of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune.


lexentry: eng/outgoing__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: outgoing
trans_list: ustępujący
sense:
(not comparable) Being replaced in office (while still in office but after election has determined that he/she will be replaced).


lexentry: eng/outgrow__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: outgrow
trans_list: przerastać | przerosnąć | wyrastać
sense:
(transitive, often, figurative) To become too big in size or too mature in age or outlook to continue to want, need, use, experience, or accept some object, practice, condition, belief, etc.


lexentry: eng/outing__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: outing
trans_list: outing
sense:
The act of publicly revealing that a person is homosexual or transgender without that person's consent.


lexentry: eng/outpope_the_Pope__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: outpope the Pope
trans_list: być bardziej papieski od papieża | być świętszy od papieża
sense:
(idiomatic) To act as a more authentic member of a group than one who is actually a member of the group.


lexentry: eng/outport__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: outport
trans_list: awanport | przedporcie | przedport
sense:
A port city or harbor which is secondary to a main port; it may be a distant one or a nearby auxiliary one.


lexentry: eng/output__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: output
trans_list: wyjście
sense:
(computing) Data sent out of the computer, as to output device such as a monitor or printer, or data sent from one program on the computer to another.


lexentry: eng/output__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: output
trans_list: wysyłać
sense:
(computing) To send data out of a computer, as to an output device such as a monitor or printer, or to send data from one program on the computer to another.


lexentry: eng/outside__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: outside
trans_list: na zewnątrz
sense:
To or in the outdoors or outside; to or in an area that is beyond the scope, limits, or borders of a given place.


lexentry: eng/outsource__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: outsource
trans_list: zlecać na zewnątrz | zlecić na zewnątrz
sense:
(chiefly, US, business, management, transitive) To transfer the management or day-to-day execution of a business function to a third-party service provider.


lexentry: eng/outwork__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: outwork
trans_list: przedmurze | przymurek
sense:
(architecture, countable) A minor, subsidiary fortification built beyond the main limits of fortification.


lexentry: eng/ovarian_follicle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ovarian follicle
trans_list: pęcherzyk jajnikowy
sense:
(anatomy) A spherical cellular aggregation found in the ovaries, each of them containing a single oocyte, or an immature ovum.


lexentry: eng/ovary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ovary
trans_list: jajnik
sense:
(anatomy) A female reproductive organ, often paired, that produces ova in most animals, and in mammals, secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone.


lexentry: eng/over-the-counter__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: over-the-counter
trans_list: dostępny bez recepty
sense:
(pharmacology, of medicine and other treatments) Legal for sale or distribution without the requirement of a prescription.


lexentry: eng/over__Adverb__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: over
trans_list: przez noc
sense:
See also individual entries for phrasal verbs: go over, hand over, run over, take over, win over, etc.


lexentry: eng/over__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: over
trans_list: odbiór
sense:
(procedure word, military) A radio procedure word meaning that the station is finished with its transmission and is expecting a response.


lexentry: eng/over__Preposition__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: over
trans_list: przez
sense:
In a position of having overcome (a problem or issue); past; finished with; from one state to another via a hindrance that must be solved or defeated; or via a third state that represents a significant difference from the first two.


lexentry: eng/over_a_barrel__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: over a barrel
trans_list: w garści
sense:
(idiomatic) In a disadvantageous or helpless situation, especially one in which one may be controlled or victimized.


lexentry: eng/over_and_out__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: over and out
trans_list: bez odbioru
sense:
(procedure word, idiomatic) Used in films and TV to signal the end of a conversation, especially one conducted by CB radio or the like.


lexentry: eng/overage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overage
trans_list: superata
sense:
A surplus of inventory or capacity or of cash that is greater than the amount in the record of an account.


lexentry: eng/overage__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: overage
trans_list: nadmiar | nadwyżka
sense:
(property law) Any additional sums payable following the purchase of land, calculated on a prearranged basis, on the occurrence of certain specified events that are deemed to increase the value of that land; usually in the context of the development and further sale of that land.


lexentry: eng/overall__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overall
trans_list: kombinezon
sense:
(British) A garment worn over other clothing to protect it; a coverall or boiler suit. A garment, for manual labor or for casual wear, often made of a single piece of fabric, with long legs and a bib upper, supported from the shoulders with straps, and having several large pockets and loops for carrying tools.


lexentry: eng/overalls__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: overalls
trans_list: ogrodniczki
sense:
(US, Canada, Australia) Loose-fitting pants with supporting cross-straps and a panel of material in the chest (called a bib), often associated with farm work.


lexentry: eng/overdo__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: overdo
trans_list: przesadzać
sense:
(transitive) To give (someone or something) too much work; to require too much effort or strength of (someone); to use up too much of (something).


lexentry: eng/overdrive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overdrive
trans_list: nadbieg
sense:
(dated, automotive) A gear, on an automobile, higher than the traditional top gear, mainly to allow better fuel economy at highway speeds. In the 21st century, such gears are no longer viewed as "extra" and thus rarely called by this name.


lexentry: eng/overexpose__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: overexpose
trans_list: prześwietlać | prześwietlić
sense:
(photography) To expose (film) to light during the development process for a longer time than is required to accurately produce the image.


lexentry: eng/overexposure__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: overexposure
trans_list: prześwietlenie
sense:
(photography) Exposure of film to light during the development process for a longer time than is required to accurately produce the image.


lexentry: eng/overflow_pool__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overflow pool
trans_list: basen infinity
sense:
A type of swimming pool or reflecting pool that has at least one edge over which water overflows, creating a dramatic visual effect.


lexentry: eng/overground__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overground
trans_list: kolej aglomeracyjna | kolej podmiejska
sense:
(chiefly, London) A commuter rail or similar rail transport system, or a train in such systems, generally running through an urban area largely above ground and faster than an underground or metro with fewer stops.


lexentry: eng/overhead__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: overhead
trans_list: narzut
sense:
(computing) Data or steps of computation used only to facilitate the computations in the system and not directly related to the actual program code or data being processed.


lexentry: eng/overhead_press__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overhead press
trans_list: prasa napowietrzna
sense:
(weightlifting) An exercise in which weight is lifted with the arms, which are straightened vertically over one's head.


lexentry: eng/overindulgence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overindulgence
trans_list: obżarstwo
sense:
An act of overindulging; indulgence in too much; pleasure or consumption taken in excess of what is satisfying or necessary.


lexentry: eng/overleaf__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overleaf
trans_list: na odwrocie
sense:
On the other side of a sheet of paper (including a leaf of a book); thus, on the next page when flipping from a recto to the sequential verso.


lexentry: eng/overlearn__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overlearn
trans_list: przeuczyć się
sense:
To learn (something) more than is necessary; to study excessively, to take (something) too much to heart.


lexentry: eng/overload__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: overload
trans_list: przeładować
sense:
(transitive, object-oriented) To create different functions for the same name, to be used in different contexts.


lexentry: eng/overlord__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: overlord
trans_list: suweren | suzeren
sense:
(historical) A feudal lord directly owed rent or personal service by a tenant of subinfeudated land, a tenant's liege lord.


lexentry: eng/overpopulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overpopulation
trans_list: przeludnienie
sense:
(biology, demography) An excessive number of occupants (people, animals, plants, etc.) in a particular area; specifically, when the number of occupants exceeds the ability of that area to provide for them.


lexentry: eng/overrated__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overrated
trans_list: przeceniany | przereklamowany
sense:
Given an undue amount of credit for quality or merit in a field; not necessarily related to popularity.


lexentry: eng/override__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: override
trans_list: nadpisać
sense:
(object-oriented, transitive) To define a new behaviour of a method by creating the same method of the superclass with the same name and signature.


lexentry: eng/overstep__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overstep
trans_list: przekroczyć
sense:
(transitive) To go too far beyond (a limit); especially, to cross boundaries or exceed norms or conventions.


lexentry: eng/overtime__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: overtime
trans_list: dogrywka
sense:
(sports, countable, US) An extra period of play when a contest has a tie score at the end of regulation.


lexentry: eng/overtone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overtone
trans_list: alikwot
sense:
(physics, music) A tone whose frequency is an integer multiple of another; a member of the harmonic series. [from 1867]


lexentry: eng/overtone__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: overtone
trans_list: podtekst | wydźwięk
sense:
(figuratively, often, in plural) An implicit message (in a film, book, verbal discussion, or similar) perceived as overwhelming the explicit message. [from 1890]


lexentry: eng/overtone__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: overtone
trans_list: podtekst | wydźwięk
sense:
An implicit message (in a film, book, verbal discussion, or similar) perceived subtly alongside, but not overwhelming, the explicit message.


lexentry: eng/overtone_singing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overtone singing
trans_list: śpiew alikwotowy
sense:
(music) A type of singing in which the individual singer manipulates the resonances of the voice to produce notes independent of the fundamental frequency


lexentry: eng/overtranslate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overtranslate
trans_list: przesadnie przetłumaczyć | przesadnie tłumaczyć
sense:
To translate (language) in too much detail, or including the translation of things that should be left as they are.


lexentry: eng/overtreat__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: overtreat
trans_list: leczyć nadmiernie
sense:
(medicine, transitive) To subject to excessive medical treatment, often to such an extent as to cause adverse effects.


lexentry: eng/overture__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: overture
trans_list: uwertura
sense:
(music) A musical introduction to a longer piece of music or a dramatic work (such as a play, an opera, or a motion picture). [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/overweight__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: overweight
trans_list: przeciążony
sense:
(transportation, legal, of a vehicle) Weighing more than what is allowed for safety or legal commerce.


lexentry: eng/oviduct__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oviduct
trans_list: jajowód
sense:
(anatomy, typically used in, _, zoology) A duct through which an ovum passes from an ovary to the uterus or to the exterior.


lexentry: eng/ovine__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ovine
trans_list: owczy
sense:
(comparable) Of, being, pertaining to, or resembling a sheep; also, (not comparable) of an animal: from the genus Ovis.


lexentry: eng/ovine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ovine
trans_list: owca
sense:
(figurative) A person regarded as resembling a sheep in character; one who is acquiescent, easily influenced, passive, or willing to follow a leader blindly; a sheep.


lexentry: eng/ovule__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ovule
trans_list: jajo
sense:
(botany) The structure in a plant that develops into a seed after fertilization; the megasporangium of a seed plant with its enclosing integuments.


lexentry: eng/owe__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: owe
trans_list: być zobowiązany | zawdzięczać
sense:
(ditransitive) To be under an obligation to give something back to someone or to perform some action for someone.


lexentry: eng/owe_it_to_oneself__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: owe it to oneself
trans_list: zarabiać
sense:
For it to be necessary for one (to do something) in order to advance one's one interests; to deserve.


lexentry: eng/owl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: owl
trans_list: sowa
sense:
Any of various birds of prey of the order Strigiformes, families Strigidae and Tytonidae, that are primarily nocturnal and have forward-looking, binocular vision, limited eye movement, and good hearing. [from 8th c.]


lexentry: eng/own__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: own
trans_list: własny | swój
sense:
Belonging to; possessed; acquired; proper to; property of; titled to; held in one's name; under/using the name of. Often marks a possessive determiner as reflexive, referring back to the subject of the clause or sentence.


lexentry: eng/own__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: own
trans_list: posiadać | mieć
sense:
(transitive) To have rightful possession of (property, goods or capital); to have legal title to; to acquire a property or asset.


lexentry: eng/own_goal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: own goal
trans_list: bramka samobójcza | gol samobójczy | samobój
sense:
(sports) A goal that results from a player putting the ball or puck into the goal of their own team; the resulting goal being scored for the opposition.


lexentry: eng/oxalic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oxalic acid
trans_list: kwas szczawiowy
sense:
(carboxylic acid) A colourless, crystalline dicarboxylic acid, (COOH)2, found in rhubarb, spinach and other plants, often as crystals of the calcium salt.


lexentry: eng/oxbow_lake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oxbow lake
trans_list: jezioro przyrzeczne | starorzecze
sense:
A crescent-shaped lake formed near a flat-valleyed river when one of its meanders becomes pinched off and isolated.


lexentry: eng/oxidation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: oxidation
trans_list: utlenianie | utlenienie
sense:
(chemistry) A reaction in which the atoms of an element lose electrons and the oxidation state of the element increases.


lexentry: eng/oxidizing_agent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oxidizing agent
trans_list: utleniacz
sense:
(chemistry) Any substance that oxidizes, or receives electrons from, another; in so doing, it becomes reduced.


lexentry: eng/oxlip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oxlip
trans_list: pierwiosnek wyniosły | pierwiosnka wyniosła
sense:
A plant of species Primula elatior, similar to cowslip (Primula veris) but with larger, pale yellow flowers.


lexentry: eng/oxpecker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oxpecker
trans_list: bąkojad
sense:
Either of two species of passerine bird in the genus Buphagus, endemic to the sub-Saharan African savanna.


lexentry: eng/oxtail__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: oxtail
trans_list: ogon wołowy
sense:
A cut of meat taken from the tail of a cow or calf; it requires long, slow braising, and is used to prepare oxtail soup.


lexentry: eng/oxygen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oxygen
trans_list: tlen
sense:
The chemical element (symbol O) with an atomic number of 8 and relative atomic mass of 15.9994. It is a colorless and odorless gas.


lexentry: eng/oxygen_bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oxygen bar
trans_list: bar tlenowy
sense:
A nightclub or similar venue in which patrons pay to inhale doses of gas containing concentrations of oxygen higher than in air.


lexentry: eng/oxygen_catastrophe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oxygen catastrophe
trans_list: katastrofa tlenowa
sense:
(biology) An event during the oxygenation event of Earth's past, where the level of free oxygen in the environment exceeds the tolerance levels of most extant anaerobic life.


lexentry: eng/oxygen_tent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oxygen tent
trans_list: namiot tlenowy
sense:
(medicine) A canopy for the head and shoulders, or a similar enclosure for the whole body, within which air having a higher than normal supply of oxygen can be administered to a patient.


lexentry: eng/oxymoron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oxymoron
trans_list: oksymoron | antylogia
sense:
(rhetoric) A figure of speech in which two words or phrases with opposing meanings are used together intentionally for effect.


lexentry: eng/oxytocin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oxytocin
trans_list: oksytocyna
sense:
(hormone) A hormone that stimulates contractions during labor, and then the production of milk; also plays a role in social bonding.


lexentry: eng/oyster__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oyster
trans_list: ostryga | ostra
sense:
Any of certain marine bivalve mollusks, especially those of the family Ostreidae (the true oysters), usually found adhering to rocks or other fixed objects in shallow water along the seacoasts, or in brackish water in the mouth of rivers.


lexentry: eng/oyster__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: oyster
trans_list: ostryga
sense:
The delicate oyster-shaped morsel of dark meat contained in a small cavity of the bone on each side of the lower part of the back of a fowl.


lexentry: eng/oyster_mushroom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oyster mushroom
trans_list: boczniak ostrygowaty
sense:
(US) The mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, which in the wild grows chiefly on hardwood trees, and is cultivated for food.


lexentry: eng/oyster_plant__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: oyster plant
trans_list: kozibród porolistny | salsefia
sense:
Tragopogon porrifolius (common salsify, vegetable oyster, purple salsify, Jerusalem star), cultivated for its light-skinned edible root


lexentry: eng/oyster_plant__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: oyster plant
trans_list: reo meksykańskie
sense:
Tradescantia spathacea (formerly Tradescantia discolor) (oyster herb, boatlily, Moses in a basket, cradle lily, Moses in his cradle, Moses on a raft, Moses in the bulrushes, men in a boat, Moses-in-cradle, salsify)


lexentry: eng/oystercatcher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: oystercatcher
trans_list: ostrygojad
sense:
Any of several black or pied coastal wading birds in the genus Haematopus that have a long red or orange bill and feed on shellfish.


lexentry: eng/ozone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ozone
trans_list: ozon
sense:
(inorganic chemistry) An allotrope of oxygen (symbol O₃) having three atoms in the molecule instead of the usual two; it is a toxic gas, generated from oxygen by electrical discharge.


lexentry: eng/ozone_hole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ozone hole
trans_list: dziura ozonowa
sense:
A region of the stratosphere over Antarctica (and a smaller one over the Arctic) that is depleted of ozone in the local spring.


lexentry: eng/ozone_layer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ozone layer
trans_list: ozonosfera | warstwa ozonowa
sense:
A region of the stratosphere, between 15 and 30 kilometres in altitude, containing a relatively high concentration of ozone, which absorbs most solar ultraviolet radiation.


lexentry: eng/ozonosphere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ozonosphere
trans_list: ozonosfera
sense:
A layer in part of the stratosphere that has a larger than normal concentration of ozone; the ozone layer.


lexentry: eng/p-adic_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: p-adic number
trans_list: [[liczba p-adyczna|liczba p-adyczna]]
sense:
(number theory) An element of a completion of the field of rational numbers with respect to a p-adic ultrametric.


lexentry: eng/p.m.__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: p.m.
trans_list: popołudnie
sense:
(used after the hour) In the 12-hour period from noon to midnight (the latter half of the day) when using the 12-hour clock.


lexentry: eng/paca__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paca
trans_list: paka
sense:
Any of the large rodents of the genus Cuniculus (but see also its synonyms), native to Central America and South America, which have dark brown or black fur, a white or yellowish underbelly and rows of white spots along the sides.


lexentry: eng/pacarana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pacarana
trans_list: pakarana
sense:
A large, rare, slow-moving rodent, Dinomys branickii, with a thick, furry tail, native to South America, the second-largest rodent after the capybara.


lexentry: eng/pace_egg__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pace egg
trans_list: pisanka
sense:
A hard-boiled coloured egg traditionally made at Easter, often given to relatives and friends as a token of goodwill. It was traditional to jarp with the eggs before eating them.


lexentry: eng/pacemaker__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pacemaker
trans_list: rozrusznik serca | rozrusznik
sense:
(hence, medicine) A medical implement that is used to stimulate a heart to beat by simulating the action of the natural pacemaker.


lexentry: eng/pachyderm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pachyderm
trans_list: zwierzę gruboskórne
sense:
(obsolete, zoology) A member of the obsolete taxonomic order Pachydermata, grouping of thick-skinned, hoofed animals such as the rhinoceros, hippopotamus, elephant and tapir.


lexentry: eng/pachyderm__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pachyderm
trans_list: osoba z grubą skórą
sense:
(figurative) A person with thick skin; someone who is not affected by or does not care what others say about them.


lexentry: eng/pacifier__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pacifier
trans_list: smoczek
sense:
(North America) A rubber or plastic device imitating a nipple that goes into a baby’s mouth, used to calm and quiet the baby. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/pacifism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pacifism
trans_list: pacyfizm
sense:
The conviction that it is morally wrong to settle disputes (especially between countries) by war or other violent means. [from c. 1900]


lexentry: eng/pack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pack
trans_list: paczka | pakiet
sense:
A bundle made up and prepared to be carried; especially, a bundle to be carried on the back, but also a load for an animal, a bale.


lexentry: eng/pack__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pack
trans_list: pakować | spakować | zapakować | zapakowywać
sense:
(physical) To put or bring things together in a limited or confined space, especially for storage or transport.


lexentry: eng/package__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: package
trans_list: paczka | pakiet
sense:
(software) A piece of software which has been prepared in such a way that it can be installed with a package manager.


lexentry: eng/package_holiday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: package holiday
trans_list: impreza turystyczna
sense:
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) A holiday that consists of transport and accommodation advertised and sold together by a vendor known as a tour operator.


lexentry: eng/packed_lunch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: packed lunch
trans_list: suchy prowiant
sense:
A meal, sandwiches or anything packed and intended to be eaten away from home; especially, one packed at home as opposed to a portable packaged lunch from a vendor.


lexentry: eng/packet__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: packet
trans_list: pakiet
sense:
(networking) A small fragment of data as transmitted on some types of network, notably Ethernet networks (Wikipedia).


lexentry: eng/packshot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: packshot
trans_list: packshot
sense:
(advertising) A still or moving close-up of a (usually packaged) product, used to portray the product in advertising.


lexentry: eng/pacu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pacu
trans_list: paku
sense:
Any of certain freshwater fish of the family Serrasalmidae, endemic to South America; they are characterised by squarish, human-like teeth and a mainly herbivorous diet.


lexentry: eng/pad__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: pad
trans_list: blok
sense:
A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting, especially one formed of many flat sheets of writing paper; now especially such a block of paper sheets as used to write on.


lexentry: eng/padded_envelope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: padded envelope
trans_list: koperta bąbelkowa
sense:
A large thick envelope, now usually coated with foam or bubblewrap, used to protect fragile items in the mail.


lexentry: eng/paddle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paddle
trans_list: wiosło
sense:
A two-handed implement consisting of a shaft with one or two blades attached to the end(s) used to propel a canoe, kayak or a small boat. A paddle is unattached to the boat and freely operated with the hands, compared with an oar which is attached to the boat at a pivot point.


lexentry: eng/paddle_wheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paddle wheel
trans_list: napęd kołowy
sense:
(nautical) A large wheel, fitted with paddles, used to propel a vessel (especially a paddle steamer)


lexentry: eng/paddlefish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paddlefish
trans_list: wiosłonos
sense:
Any of several primitive fish, of the family Polyodontidae, that have a long snout shaped like a paddle.


lexentry: eng/paddock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paddock
trans_list: zagroda
sense:
(also, figuratively) A small enclosure or field of grassland, especially one used to exercise or graze horses or other animals.


lexentry: eng/paddock__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: paddock
trans_list: pastwisko
sense:
(Australia, New Zealand) A field of grassland of any size, either enclosed by fences or delimited by geographical boundaries, especially a large area for keeping cattle or sheep.


lexentry: eng/paddy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: paddy
trans_list: ryżowe pole
sense:
(countable) A paddy field, a rice paddy; an irrigated or flooded field where rice is grown. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/pagan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pagan
trans_list: poganin | poganka
sense:
A person not adhering to a main world religion; a follower of a pantheistic or nature-worshipping religion.


lexentry: eng/page-turner__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: page-turner
trans_list: czytadło | wciągająca książka
sense:
(idiomatic) A highly interesting or suspenseful written work that one is compelled to read very rapidly.


lexentry: eng/page__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: page
trans_list: strona | stronica
sense:
(computing) A screenful of text and possibly other content; especially, the digital simulation of one side of a paper leaf.


lexentry: eng/page__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: page
trans_list: paź
sense:
(historical) A serving boy; a youth attending a person of high degree, especially at courts, often as a position of honor and education.


lexentry: eng/pagination__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pagination
trans_list: paginacja
sense:
The act of creating pages for a document, book, etc., or determining when to truncate text on the pages.


lexentry: eng/pagoda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pagoda
trans_list: pagoda
sense:
A religious building in South and Southeast Asia, especially a multi-storey tower erected as a Hindu or Buddhist temple. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pain
trans_list: ból
sense:
(countable, and, uncountable) An ache or bodily suffering, or an instance of this; an unpleasant sensation, resulting from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; hurt.


lexentry: eng/pain__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pain
trans_list: boleść
sense:
(uncountable) The condition or fact of suffering or anguish especially mental, as opposed to pleasure; torment; distress


lexentry: eng/paint__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: paint
trans_list: farbki
sense:
(in the plural) A set of containers or blocks of paint of different colors/colours, used for painting pictures.


lexentry: eng/painter's_tape__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: painter's tape
trans_list: taśma malarska | taśma maskująca
sense:
masking tape specifically intended to protect areas from paint, having a weaker adhesive than regular masking tape


lexentry: eng/pair_of_compasses__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pair of compasses
trans_list: cyrkiel
sense:
A tool for drawing accurate circles or circular arcs, or for measuring or transferring lengths, usually consisting of two arms joined with an adjustable hinge at one end; until the middle ages both arms always had metal points at their free ends (this version is now called a divider or pair of dividers), but in recent centuries for a device called a compass or pair of compasses, one arm typically holds a ruling pen, pencil, or some other implement for making marks.


lexentry: eng/pajamas__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pajamas
trans_list: piżama | pidżama
sense:
Clothes for wearing to bed and sleeping in, usually consisting of a loose-fitting shirt and pants/trousers.


lexentry: eng/palaestra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palaestra
trans_list: palestra
sense:
(historical) A public area in ancient Greece and Rome dedicated to the teaching and practice of wrestling and other sports; a wrestling school, a gymnasium. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/palanquin__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: palanquin
trans_list: palankin
sense:
(loosely) Synonym of litter, any similar vehicle open or closed, human or animal-borne, particularly (historical) in colonial Asian contexts.


lexentry: eng/palatalization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palatalization
trans_list: palatalizacja | zmiękczenie
sense:
(phonology, uncountable) The state or quality of being palatalized, of pronouncing a sound with the tongue against the palate of the mouth that normally is not.


lexentry: eng/palatalize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palatalize
trans_list: palatalizować
sense:
(phonetics, transitive) To pronounce a sound with the tongue against the palate of the mouth when that sound normally would not be so pronounced.


lexentry: eng/palate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palate
trans_list: podniebienie
sense:
(anatomy) The roof of the mouth, separating the cavities of the mouth and nose in vertebrates. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/palatine_bone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palatine bone
trans_list: kość podniebienna
sense:
(skeleton) Either of a pair of bones that are situated behind and between the maxillae, in humans are of extremely irregular form, and make up parts of the eye socket, the nasal cavity, and the hard palate.


lexentry: eng/palatine_tonsil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palatine tonsil
trans_list: migdałek
sense:
(anatomy) One of the two tonsils that can be seen on the left and right sides at the back of the throat.


lexentry: eng/paleface__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paleface
trans_list: blada twarz
sense:
(ethnic slur, offensive, derogatory) A white person, a person of European descent, particularly in Native American contexts.


lexentry: eng/paleobotany__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paleobotany
trans_list: paleobotanika
sense:
The branch of paleontology that deals with the study of plant fossils. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/paleontology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paleontology
trans_list: paleontologia
sense:
(American spelling) The study of the forms of life existing in prehistoric or geologic times, especially as represented by fossils.


lexentry: eng/palilalia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palilalia
trans_list: palilalia
sense:
(clinical psychology) A complex tic comprising the repetition or echoing of one's own spoken words, which may sound like stuttering.


lexentry: eng/palimpsest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palimpsest
trans_list: palimpsest
sense:
A manuscript or document that has been erased or scraped clean, for reuse of the paper, parchment, vellum, or other medium on which it was written.


lexentry: eng/palindrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palindrome
trans_list: palindrom
sense:
A word, phrase, number or any other sequence of units which has the property of reading the same forwards as it does backwards, character for character, sometimes disregarding punctuation, capitalization and diacritics.


lexentry: eng/palinode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palinode
trans_list: palinodia
sense:
An ode or other poem in which the author retracts something said in an earlier poem; (loosely) a recantation. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/pall__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pall
trans_list: rosocha
sense:
(heraldic charge) A charge representing an archbishop's pallium, having the form of the letter Y, sometimes charged with crosses.


lexentry: eng/pallet__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pallet
trans_list: paleta
sense:
A portable platform, usually designed to be easily moved by a forklift, on which goods can be stacked, for transport or storage.


lexentry: eng/pallet_jack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pallet jack
trans_list: paleciak | wózek ręczny paletowy unoszący
sense:
A manually operated device used to lift and move pallets chiefly within a warehouse; the most basic form of a forklift.


lexentry: eng/palliate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: palliate
trans_list: przykrywać | przykryć
sense:
To cover or disguise the seriousness of (a mistake, offence etc.) by excuses and apologies. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/palliative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: palliative
trans_list: paliatywny
sense:
(medicine) Minimising the progression of a disease and relieving undesirable symptoms for as long as possible, rather than attempting to cure the (usually incurable) disease.


lexentry: eng/pallisander__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pallisander
trans_list: palisander
sense:
a dense, heavy wood, similar to teak or mahogany, mostly from species of Dalbergia and Pterocarpus, as well as Machaerium


lexentry: eng/pallium__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pallium
trans_list: paliusz
sense:
(Christianity) A woolen liturgical vestment resembling a collar and worn over the chasuble in the Western Christian liturgical tradition, conferred on archbishops by the Pope, equivalent to the Eastern Christian omophorion. [from 11th c.]


lexentry: eng/palm__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palm
trans_list: dłoń
sense:
The inner and somewhat concave part of the human hand or other primate hand that extends from the wrist to the bases of the fingers.


lexentry: eng/palm_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palm card
trans_list: fiszka
sense:
A small card listing items to be discussed in a speech or presentation, usually in bullet point form, to assist the speaker.


lexentry: eng/palm_cockatoo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palm cockatoo
trans_list: żałobnica palmowa
sense:
Probosciger aterrimus, a large smoky-grey or black parrot of the cockatoo family native to New Guinea and far north Queensland, Australia, with a large black beak and prominent red cheek patches.


lexentry: eng/palm_off__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palm off
trans_list: opylać | wciskać
sense:
(idiomatic) To sell or dispose of (something) with the intent to deceive; to attempt to pass off a counterfeit or inferior product as genuine.


lexentry: eng/palm_oil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palm oil
trans_list: olej palmowy
sense:
An edible plant oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis).


lexentry: eng/palm_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palm tree
trans_list: palma
sense:
A tree of the family Arecaceae usually characterised by having a single stem or trunk, directly from which sprout several leaves or fronds giving a shape like an outstretched hand.


lexentry: eng/palmer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palmer
trans_list: pielgrzym
sense:
(now, historical) A pilgrim who had been to the Holy Land and who brought back a palm branch in signification; a wandering religious votary.


lexentry: eng/palmitic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palmitic acid
trans_list: kwas palmitynowy
sense:
(fatty acid) One of the most common saturated fatty acids; it is found in all animal and most vegetable oils and fats; it is used in the manufacture of soap etc.


lexentry: eng/palmitoleic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palmitoleic acid
trans_list: kwas oleopalmitynowy | kwas palmitooleinowy
sense:
(fatty acid) An unsaturated fatty acid, having 16 carbon atoms and one double bond, found in the adipose tissue of all animals.


lexentry: eng/palpate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palpate
trans_list: macać
sense:
To examine or otherwise explore through touch, particularly (medical) in reference to an area or organ of the human body.


lexentry: eng/palpitation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palpitation
trans_list: palpitacja
sense:
An abnormal beating of the heart that may be perceived by the patient, a result of excitement, exertion, or illness.


lexentry: eng/palsa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palsa
trans_list: bugier mrozowy | bugor | palsa
sense:
(geomorphology) A hummock rising out of a bog with a core of ice; similar in appearance to a pingo but due to different structure palsas cannot grow as big as pingos.


lexentry: eng/palsy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palsy
trans_list: paraliż | porażenie | bezwład
sense:
(pathology) Complete or partial muscle paralysis of a body part, often accompanied by a loss of feeling and uncontrolled body movements such as shaking.


lexentry: eng/palynology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: palynology
trans_list: palinologia
sense:
(science) The scientific study of spores, pollen and particulate organic matter in various matrices including the air (pollen counts), crime scenes, and sedimentary rocks.


lexentry: eng/pamphlet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pamphlet
trans_list: pamflet
sense:
A small, brief printed work, consisting either of a folded sheet of paper, or several sheets bound together into a booklet with only a paper cover, formerly containing literary compositions, newsletters, and newspapers, but now chiefly informational matter.


lexentry: eng/pan_and_scan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pan and scan
trans_list: pan and scan
sense:
(uncountable, film) The method or practice of adjusting widescreen film images, especially 2.35:1 or 2.39:1 aspect ratio, so that they can be shown within the proportions of a 1.33:1 or 1.78:1 aspect ratio television screen, by cropping off sides of the original widescreen image, as opposed to letterboxing.


lexentry: eng/panacea__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: panacea
trans_list: panaceum
sense:
A remedy believed to cure all disease and prolong life that was originally sought by alchemists; a cure-all.


lexentry: eng/pancake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pancake
trans_list: naleśnik
sense:
(countable, and, uncountable) A thin batter cake fried in a pan or on a griddle in oil or butter; in particular:


lexentry: eng/pancreas__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pancreas
trans_list: trzustka
sense:
(anatomy) A gland near the stomach which secretes a fluid into the duodenum to assist with food digestion.


lexentry: eng/panda__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: panda
trans_list: panda
sense:
(colloquial, also, attributively) Ellipsis of giant panda (“Ailuropoda melanoleuca”). [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/panda__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: panda
trans_list: pandit
sense:
(Hinduism) A brahmin who acts as the hereditary superintendent of a particular ghat or temple, and is regarded as knowledgeable in matters of genealogy and ritual. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pandeiro__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pandeiro
trans_list: pandeiro
sense:
A type of hand-held frame drum with a round wooden frame and six pairs of metal discs fit along the sides, and an animal skin or nylon head; similar to a tambourine but with head tension that can be tuned and crisper, drier, and less sustained jingles, used in a number of Brazilian music forms.


lexentry: eng/pandeism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pandeism
trans_list: pandeizm
sense:
(religion) A belief in a god who is both pantheistic and deistic, in particular a god who designed the universe and then became it and ceased to exist separately and act consciously with respect to it.


lexentry: eng/pandemic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pandemic
trans_list: pandemiczny
sense:
(epidemiology) Of a disease: epidemic over a wide geographical area and affecting a large proportion of the population; also, of or pertaining to a disease of this nature.


lexentry: eng/pandemic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pandemic
trans_list: pandemia
sense:
(epidemiology) A pandemic disease; a disease that affects a wide geographical area and a large proportion of the population.


lexentry: eng/pandemonium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pandemonium
trans_list: pandemonium
sense:
A loud, wild, tumultuous protest, disorder, or chaotic situation, usually of a crowd, often violent.


lexentry: eng/panel__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: panel
trans_list: panel
sense:
A group of people gathered to judge, interview, discuss etc. as on a television or radio broadcast for example.


lexentry: eng/panelling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: panelling
trans_list: wykładzina
sense:
(British spelling) The panels with which a surface (especially an indoor wall) is covered, considered collectively.


lexentry: eng/panentheism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: panentheism
trans_list: panenteizm
sense:
(philosophy, religion) A doctrine that the universe subsists within God, but that God nevertheless transcends or has some existence separate from the universe.


lexentry: eng/panforte__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: panforte
trans_list: panforte | piernik seneński
sense:
A dense flat cake, a speciality of Siena, made with honey, hazelnuts, almonds, candied fruit, cocoa and spices.


lexentry: eng/pang__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pang
trans_list: skurcz
sense:
(often, in the plural) A paroxysm of extreme physical pain or anguish; a feeling of sudden and transitory agony; a throe.


lexentry: eng/pang__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pang
trans_list: ukłucie
sense:
(often, in the plural) A sudden sharp feeling of an emotional or mental nature, as of joy or sorrow.


lexentry: eng/pang_of_conscience__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pang of conscience
trans_list: wyrzuty sumienia
sense:
(often, in the plural) A feeling of shame, guilt, or embarrassment, resulting from behavior which one regrets.


lexentry: eng/panga__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: panga
trans_list: panga
sense:
Any of various edible freshwater fish of the genus Pangasius, native to southeast Asia, especially an iridescent shark, Pangasius hypophthalmus, now reclassified as Pangasianodon hypophthalmus.


lexentry: eng/pangasius__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pangasius
trans_list: panga
sense:
Any of various edible freshwater fish of the genus Pangasius, native to southeast Asia, especially the iridescent shark, Pangasius hypophthalmus.


lexentry: eng/pangolin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pangolin
trans_list: łuskowiec
sense:
Any of several long-tailed, scale-covered mammals of the family Manidae within the order Pholidota of tropical Africa and Asia.


lexentry: eng/panhandle__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: panhandle
trans_list: żebrać
sense:
(intransitive, US) To beg for money, especially with a container in hand for receiving loose change, especially on the street, and particularly, as a homeless or vagrant person.


lexentry: eng/panhandler__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: panhandler
trans_list: żebrak
sense:
One who panhandles; an urban beggar who typically stands on a street with an outstretched container in hand, begging for loose change or money.


lexentry: eng/panic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: panic
trans_list: panika
sense:
(uncountable) Overwhelming fear or fright, often affecting groups of people or animals; (countable) an instance of this; a fright, a scare.


lexentry: eng/panic_attack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: panic attack
trans_list: atak paniki
sense:
A sudden period of intense anxiety, mounting physiological arousal, fear, stomach problems and discomfort that are associated with a variety of somatic and cognitive symptoms.


lexentry: eng/panna_cotta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: panna cotta
trans_list: panna cotta
sense:
A northern Italian dessert consisting of flavoured double cream set with gelatine, often served with fruit sauce or caramel syrup.


lexentry: eng/pannier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pannier
trans_list: sakwa
sense:
A large basket or bag fastened, usually in pairs, to the back of a bicycle or pack animal, or carried in pairs over the shoulders.


lexentry: eng/pannier__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pannier
trans_list: rogówka
sense:
(historical, fashion) One of a pair of hoops used to expand the volume of a woman's skirt to either side.


lexentry: eng/panopticon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: panopticon
trans_list: panoptikon
sense:
A type of prison where all the cells are visible from the center, particularly if it is not possible for those in a cell to know if they are being watched.


lexentry: eng/panpipes__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: panpipes
trans_list: fletnia Pana
sense:
(musical instrument) An instrument consisting of a series of ten or more tubes of different lengths, typically closed at the bottom and open at the top, and is played by blowing across the open end at the top.


lexentry: eng/pansexuality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pansexuality
trans_list: panseksualizm
sense:
A sexual orientation characterized by the potential for aesthetic attraction, romantic love and/or sexual desire for people regardless of their gender or sex.


lexentry: eng/panspermia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: panspermia
trans_list: panspermia
sense:
(biology) The hypothesis that microorganisms may transmit life from outer space to habitable bodies; or the process of such transmission.


lexentry: eng/pant__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pant
trans_list: dyszeć | sapać
sense:
(ambitransitive) To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp.


lexentry: eng/pantaloons__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pantaloons
trans_list: spodnie
sense:
An article of clothing covering each leg separately, that covers the area from the waist to the ankle.


lexentry: eng/pantheism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pantheism
trans_list: panteizm
sense:
(religion) The belief that the Universe is in some sense divine and should be revered. Pantheism identifies the universe with God but denies any personality or transcendence of such a God.


lexentry: eng/pantheon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pantheon
trans_list: panteon
sense:
(mythology) All the gods of a particular people or religion, particularly the ancient Greek gods residing on Olympus, considered as a group.


lexentry: eng/panther__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: panther
trans_list: pantera
sense:
Any of various big cats with black fur; most especially, the black-coated leopard of Africa and Asia.


lexentry: eng/pantograph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pantograph
trans_list: pantograf
sense:
A mechanical linkage based on parallelograms causing two objects to move in parallel; notably as a drawing aid.


lexentry: eng/pantograph__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pantograph
trans_list: pantograf
sense:
By extension, a structure of crosswise bars linked in such a way that it can extend and compress like an accordion, such as in a pantograph mirror or a scissor lift.


lexentry: eng/pantograph__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pantograph
trans_list: pantograf
sense:
(rail transport) A similarly-formed conductive device, now usually Z-shaped, that collects electric current from overhead lines for trains and trams.


lexentry: eng/pantomime__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pantomime
trans_list: pantomima
sense:
(UK) A traditional theatrical entertainment, originally based on the commedia dell'arte, but later aimed mostly at children and involving physical comedy, topical jokes, call and response, and fairy-tale plots. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/pantry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pantry
trans_list: spiżarnia | spiżarka
sense:
A small room, closet, or cabinet usually located in or near the kitchen, dedicated to shelf-stable food storage or storing kitchenware, like a larder, but smaller.


lexentry: eng/pantryman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pantryman
trans_list: spiżarny
sense:
A person in charge of the pantry, or food store, on a ship, train, or other transport where food is kept for passengers and crew. Also in a hospital, school, or hotel, etc.


lexentry: eng/pants__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pants
trans_list: spodnie | gacie | galoty | pantalony | portki
sense:
(chiefly, North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Philippines) An outer garment that covers the body from the waist downwards, covering each leg separately, usually as far as the ankles; trousers. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pants__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pants
trans_list: majtki | gacie | gatki
sense:
(chiefly, UK) An undergarment that covers the genitals and often the buttocks and the neighbouring parts of the body; underpants. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pantyliner__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pantyliner
trans_list: wkładka higieniczna
sense:
A pad worn on the inner surface of women's underpants, up against the vulva, during a low-flow day of the menstrual period, designed to absorb small, spotty quantities of menstrual fluid, in contrast to a tampon or sanitary napkin, worn on heavy-flow days.


lexentry: eng/pap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pap
trans_list: papka
sense:
(uncountable) Food in the form of a soft paste, often a porridge, especially as given to very young children.


lexentry: eng/papakha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: papakha
trans_list: papacha
sense:
A fur or sometimes wool hat traditionally worn by men throughout the Caucasus and Central Asia; its shape varies from hemispherical to cylindrical, which may be slightly tapered in either direction.


lexentry: eng/papal_infallibility__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: papal infallibility
trans_list: nieomylność papieska | nieomylność papieża
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) The concept that the Pope, under certain circumstance (when making a statement on faith or morals, etc.) is protected by the Holy Spirit from being able to make a mistake.


lexentry: eng/paparazzo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paparazzo
trans_list: paparazzo | paparazzi
sense:
A freelance photographer who sells photographs of celebrities to the media, especially one who pursues celebrities and attempts to obtain candid photographs.


lexentry: eng/paper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paper
trans_list: papier
sense:
A sheet material typically used for writing on or printing on (or as a non-waterproof container), usually made by draining cellulose fibres from a suspension in water.


lexentry: eng/paper__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: paper
trans_list: papier | artykuł
sense:
(rock paper scissors) An open hand (a handshape resembling a sheet of paper), that beats rock and loses to scissors. It loses to lizard and beats Spock in rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock.


lexentry: eng/paper__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: paper
trans_list: artykuł | papier
sense:
A written document, generally shorter than a book; usually written as a school assignment or a government report.


lexentry: eng/paper__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: paper
trans_list: artykuł
sense:
(finance, uncountable) Any financial assets other than specie, including paper money, commercial paper, and others.


lexentry: eng/paper_nautilus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paper nautilus
trans_list: argonauta | żeglarek
sense:
A pelagic octopus of genus Argonauta, found in warm seas, whose females produce a paper-thin egg case resembling a shell into which she deposits her eggs.


lexentry: eng/paper_over__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paper over
trans_list: przykrywać | przykryć
sense:
(transitive, figurative) To superficially hide or disguise (a problem or a defect) without addressing it; to provide a veneer of normality or success.


lexentry: eng/paper_tape__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paper tape
trans_list: taśma dziurkowana | taśma perforowana
sense:
(computing, historical) An early sequential digital storage medium originally used with teletype machines, consisting of a long roll of paper, each character being encoded as a pattern of punched holes.


lexentry: eng/paper_tiger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paper tiger
trans_list: papierowy tygrys
sense:
(idiomatic) Something or someone that appears powerful, strong or threatening but is in reality weak, ineffective, or unable to withstand challenge.


lexentry: eng/papers__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: papers
trans_list: papiery
sense:
A collection of documents, unpublished writing or correspondence in an archive or library collection.


lexentry: eng/paperweight__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paperweight
trans_list: przycisk do papieru
sense:
A small, decorative, somewhat weighty object placed on one or more pieces of paper to keep them from fluttering away.


lexentry: eng/papier-mâché__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: papier-mâché
trans_list: papier mâché
sense:
Torn-up paper and other possible materials mixed with paste or glue used to create, when the mass is dried, a durable sculptural object.


lexentry: eng/papist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: papist
trans_list: papista | papistka
sense:
(religious slur, Christianity) A Roman Catholic, especially one whose loyalties are seen to be with the papacy in Rome.


lexentry: eng/paprika__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: paprika
trans_list: suszona papryka
sense:
(countable, rare, commonly called "dried [bell/chilli] peppers" or "dried capsicums") A dried but not yet ground fruit of sweet pepper (bell pepper) or chili pepper sold for use as a spice.


lexentry: eng/paprikash__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paprikash
trans_list: paprykarz
sense:
A Hungarian dish resembling goulash (a paprika-based potato stew), but without potatoes and using meat instead, often chicken and sometimes veal.


lexentry: eng/papule__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: papule
trans_list: grudka
sense:
(dermatology) A small, inflammatory, irritated spot on the skin, similar in appearance to a pimple, but not containing pus.


lexentry: eng/papyrology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: papyrology
trans_list: papirologia
sense:
The study of papyrus, particularly the branch of archeology concerning ancient texts written on papyrus.


lexentry: eng/papyrus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: papyrus
trans_list: papirus
sense:
(usually, uncountable) A plant (Cyperus papyrus) in the sedge family, native to the Nile river valley, paper reed.


lexentry: eng/parabola__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parabola
trans_list: parabola
sense:
(geometry) The conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to a tangent plane to the cone; the locus of points equidistant from a fixed point (the focus) and line (the directrix).


lexentry: eng/parachute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parachute
trans_list: spadochron
sense:
(aviation) A device, generally constructed from fabric, that is designed to employ air resistance to control the fall of an object or person, causing them to float instead of falling.


lexentry: eng/parachute__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: parachute
trans_list: chusta animacyjna
sense:
A large sheet of fabric used in children's physical education, often colorful, with handles allowing many people to control its motion.


lexentry: eng/paraconsistent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paraconsistent
trans_list: parakonsystentny
sense:
(logic) Dealing with contradictions in a discriminating way, in order to avoid acceptance of one from entailing acceptance of all contradictions.


lexentry: eng/paraconsistent_logic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paraconsistent logic
trans_list: logika parakonsystentna
sense:
(logic, countable) A particular formal logical system which allows some contradictions to be true without all contradictions or all statements becoming true; i.e. in which the principle of explosion does not hold.


lexentry: eng/paradiddle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paradiddle
trans_list: młyn
sense:
(music) A percussive exercise (one of 26 drum rudiments per the National Association of Rudimental Drummers or one of 40 per the Percussive Arts Society) which involves playing four even strokes in the order ‘right left right right’ or ‘left right left left.’


lexentry: eng/paradigm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paradigm
trans_list: paradygmat
sense:
A pattern, a way of doing something; especially a pattern of thought, a system of beliefs, a conceptual framework.


lexentry: eng/paradigm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: paradigm
trans_list: paradygmat
sense:
An example serving as the model for such a pattern; an exceptionally good or prototypical example of a pattern or group.


lexentry: eng/paradigm__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: paradigm
trans_list: paradygmat
sense:
(linguistics) A set of all forms which contain a common element, especially the set of all inflectional forms of a word or a particular grammatical category.


lexentry: eng/paradigm_shift__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paradigm shift
trans_list: zmiana paradygmatu
sense:
(sciences) A radical change in thinking from an accepted point of view to a new one, necessitated when new scientific discoveries produce anomalies in the current paradigm. [from 1962]


lexentry: eng/paraffin_wax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paraffin wax
trans_list: parafina
sense:
A waxy white solid hydrocarbon mixture used to make candles, wax paper, lubricants, and sealing materials.


lexentry: eng/paragon__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: paragon
trans_list: paragon
sense:
(typography, printing, dated) The size of type between great primer and double pica, standardized as 20-point. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/paragraph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paragraph
trans_list: akapit | paragraf
sense:
A passage in text that starts on a new line, the first line sometimes being indented, and usually marks a change of topic.


lexentry: eng/paragraph__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: paragraph
trans_list: akapit | paragraf
sense:
(originally) A mark or note set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, such as a change of subject.


lexentry: eng/paralipsis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paralipsis
trans_list: paralipsa
sense:
(rhetoric, linguistics) A figure of speech in which one pretends to ignore or omit something by actually mentioning it. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/parallax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parallax
trans_list: paralaksa
sense:
An apparent shift in the position of two stationary objects relative to each other as viewed by an observer, due to a change in observer position.


lexentry: eng/parallel_bars__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parallel bars
trans_list: poręcz
sense:
A set of apparatus consisting of two horizontal bars at a small distance apart, upon which acts of swinging and holding and jumping and dips are performed.


lexentry: eng/parallel_parking__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parallel parking
trans_list: parkowanie równoległe
sense:
The action of parking a vehicle with its side parallel to the curb or the side of the road and facing in the direction of the traffic in the adjacent lane.


lexentry: eng/parallel_universe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parallel universe
trans_list: świat równoległy
sense:
(sciences, scifi, cosmology) A universe that exists separately alongside another universe, as part of a multiverse.


lexentry: eng/parallelepiped__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parallelepiped
trans_list: równoległościan
sense:
(geometry) A solid figure, having six faces, all parallelograms, all opposite faces being similar and parallel.


lexentry: eng/parallelogram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parallelogram
trans_list: równoległobok
sense:
(geometry) A convex quadrilateral in which each pair of opposite edges are parallel and of equal length.


lexentry: eng/paralogism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paralogism
trans_list: paralogizm
sense:
A fallacious argument or illogical conclusion, especially one committed by mistake, or believed by the speaker to be logical.


lexentry: eng/paralysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paralysis
trans_list: paraliż | porażenie | bezwład
sense:
(pathology) The complete loss of voluntary control of part of a person's body, such as one or more limbs.


lexentry: eng/paramagnetism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paramagnetism
trans_list: paramagnetyzm
sense:
(physics) The tendency of magnetic dipoles to align with an external magnetic field; materials that exhibit this tendency become temporary magnets.


lexentry: eng/paramedic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paramedic
trans_list: ratowniczka | ratowniczka medyczna | ratownik | ratownik medyczny
sense:
A person trained to medically stabilize people through various interventions for victims of trauma or medical events outside of a hospital setting and prepare them for transport to a medical facility.


lexentry: eng/parameter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parameter
trans_list: parametr
sense:
A value kept constant during an experiment, equation, calculation, or similar, but varied over other versions of the experiment, equation, calculation, etc.


lexentry: eng/parameter__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: parameter
trans_list: parametr
sense:
(programming) An input variable of a function definition, that gets an actual value (argument) at execution time.


lexentry: eng/paramilitary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paramilitary
trans_list: bojówka
sense:
A group of civilians trained and organized in a military fashion, but which do not represent the formal forces of a sovereign power.


lexentry: eng/paranoia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paranoia
trans_list: paranoja
sense:
The obsolete name for a psychotic disorder, now called delusional disorder, often (in one of six subtypes) characterized by delusions of persecution and a perceived threat against the individual affected with the disorder, and often associated with false accusations and a general mistrust of others


lexentry: eng/paranoid_personality_disorder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paranoid personality disorder
trans_list: paranoidalne zaburzenie osobowości
sense:
(psychiatry) A mental disorder characterized by paranoia and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others.


lexentry: eng/paranoid_schizophrenia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paranoid schizophrenia
trans_list: schizofrenia paranoidalna
sense:
(psychiatry) A form of schizophrenia that is accompanied by delusions, either of persecution, grandeur or jealousy.


lexentry: eng/paranormal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paranormal
trans_list: paranormalny
sense:
Of events, experiences, or phenomenona, that cannot be explained by current scientific understanding or natural laws.


lexentry: eng/paraphernalia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: paraphernalia
trans_list: parafernalia
sense:
(archaic, family, _, law) Objects that a married woman owns, such as clothing and jewellery, apart from her dowry.


lexentry: eng/paraphilia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: paraphilia
trans_list: parafilia
sense:
(sexology) Sexual arousal in response to sexual objects or situations which may interfere with the capacity for reciprocal affectionate sexual activity or lead to clinically significant distress or impairment (e.g. are obligatory, require participation of unconsenting individuals, lead to legal issues).


lexentry: eng/paraphrase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paraphrase
trans_list: parafraza
sense:
A restatement of a text in different words, often to clarify meaning or from memory rather than verbatim.


lexentry: eng/paraphrase__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paraphrase
trans_list: parafrazować
sense:
(ambitransitive) To restate something as, or to compose a paraphrase. To repeat a written or spoken phrase/quote using different words, often in a simpler and shorter form, or sometimes in a humorous context.


lexentry: eng/paraphrenia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: paraphrenia
trans_list: parafrenia
sense:
(psychiatry) The state of being paraphrenic, the most severe form of the mistrustful-paranoid-paraphrenic personality spectrum, related to paranoid personality disorder.


lexentry: eng/paraprosdokian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paraprosdokian
trans_list: niespodzianka
sense:
A figure of speech in which the latter part of a sentence or phrase is surprising or unexpected in a way that causes the reader or listener to reframe or reinterpret the first part.


lexentry: eng/parapsychology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parapsychology
trans_list: parapsychologia
sense:
The study of alleged paranormal phenomena; psychic or occult phenomena, such as telepathy and ghosts.


lexentry: eng/parashah__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: parashah
trans_list: parasza
sense:
(Judaism) One of 54 sections of the Torah read weekly by religious Jews, particularly in the synagogue on the morning of the Jewish Sabbath


lexentry: eng/parasite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parasite
trans_list: pasożyt
sense:
(biology) An organism that lives on or in another organism of a different species, deriving benefit from living on or in that other organism, while not contributing towards that other organism sufficiently to cover the cost to that other organism.


lexentry: eng/parasite__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: parasite
trans_list: pasożyt | darmozjad
sense:
(pejorative) A person who lives on other people's efforts or expense and gives little or nothing back. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/parasitic_element__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parasitic element
trans_list: element pasożytniczy
sense:
(electronics) A circuit element or property that is present within an electrical component, and has a negative effect on the performance of the circuit.


lexentry: eng/parasitism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parasitism
trans_list: pasożytnictwo
sense:
(ecology, biology) Interaction between two organisms, in which one organism (the parasite) benefits and the other (the host) is harmed.


lexentry: eng/parasitoid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parasitoid
trans_list: parazytoid
sense:
Any organism that is parasitic during part of its life cycle, especially one that eventually kills its host.


lexentry: eng/parasol_mushroom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parasol mushroom
trans_list: czubajka kania | kania
sense:
Macrolepiota procera (syn. Lepiota procera, a basidiomycete fungus with a large, prominent fruiting body resembling a parasol.


lexentry: eng/parasympathetic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parasympathetic
trans_list: przywspółczulny
sense:
(neuroanatomy, neurology, relational) Of or relating to the part of the autonomic nervous system that inhibits or opposes the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. It consists of nerves arising from the brain and the lower end of the spinal cord and supplying the internal organs, blood vessels, and glands.


lexentry: eng/parasynonym__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parasynonym
trans_list: bliskoznacznik
sense:
(linguistics) A term (word or phrase) which is parasynonymous with others, but not necessarily considered a synonym.


lexentry: eng/parasynthetic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parasynthetic
trans_list: parasyntetyczny
sense:
(grammar) Being a compound word formed by parasynthesis, i.e. by adding several affixes simultaneously, without “intermediate” forms.


lexentry: eng/parataxis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parataxis
trans_list: parataksa
sense:
(grammar) Speech or writing in which clauses or phrases are placed together without being separated by conjunctions, for example "I came; I saw; I conquered".


lexentry: eng/paratha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paratha
trans_list: paratha
sense:
an Indian bread with a texture somewhat resembling puff pastry; sometimes stuffed with vegetables etc.


lexentry: eng/parathyroid_gland__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parathyroid gland
trans_list: gruczoł przytarczyczny | przytarczyca
sense:
(anatomy) Any one of four endocrine glands situated in the neck, usually within a thyroid gland, which produce parathyroid hormone.


lexentry: eng/paratransit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paratransit
trans_list: transport wspomagający
sense:
(American) An auxiliary transit service without fixed routes or schedules, usually serving the disabled on demand. [From 1972.]


lexentry: eng/paravane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paravane
trans_list: parawan
sense:
(nautical) A device, stabilized with vanes, towed alongside a vessel such that the cable attaching it cuts the moorings of submerged mines.


lexentry: eng/pardon_my_French__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pardon my French
trans_list: z przeproszeniem | za przeproszeniem
sense:
(intransitive, idiomatic, often, humorous) To excuse the speaker's frankness of expression or profanity.


lexentry: eng/pare__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pare
trans_list: obierać
sense:
(transitive) To remove the outer covering or skin of something with a cutting device, typically a knife.


lexentry: eng/pare__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pare
trans_list: obniżać
sense:
(transitive, often, with down or back) To reduce, diminish or trim gradually something as if by cutting off.


lexentry: eng/pareidolia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pareidolia
trans_list: pareidolia
sense:
(psychology) The tendency to interpret a vague stimulus as something known to the observer, such as interpreting marks on Mars as canals, seeing shapes in clouds, or hearing hidden messages in music.


lexentry: eng/parenchyma__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parenchyma
trans_list: parenchyma
sense:
(anatomy) The functional tissue of an organ as distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue.


lexentry: eng/parent__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: parent
trans_list: opiekun | opiekunka
sense:
(often in the plural) A person who has had a baby; this person in relation to their child or children.


lexentry: eng/parent__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: parent
trans_list: rodzic | roślina mateczna
sense:
(biology) An organism from which a plant or animal is immediately biologically descended. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/parent__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: parent
trans_list: rodzic
sense:
(computing) The object from which a child or derived object is descended; a node superior to another node. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/parental_control__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parental control
trans_list: kontrola rodzicielska
sense:
(usually, in the plural) A feature included in some digital television services, computers, mobile devices, software, etc. that allows parents to restrict their children's access to certain content.


lexentry: eng/parenteral__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parenteral
trans_list: pozajelitowy
sense:
(medicine) Administered by some means that avoids the gastrointestinal tract, particularly intravenously or by injection.


lexentry: eng/parenthesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: parenthesis
trans_list: nawias
sense:
Either of a pair of brackets, especially (mainly US) round brackets, ( and ) (used to enclose parenthetical material in a text).


lexentry: eng/parenthesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: parenthesis
trans_list: nawias
sense:
(mathematics, logic) Such brackets as used to clarify expressions by grouping those terms affected by a common operator, or to enclose the components of a vector or the elements of a matrix.


lexentry: eng/parentification__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parentification
trans_list: parentyfikacja
sense:
(sociology, psychology) A process of role reversal whereby a child is obliged to act as a parent to its own parent or sibling.


lexentry: eng/parents'_evening__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parents' evening
trans_list: wywiadówka
sense:
(UK, education) An evening consisting of short meetings between a parent and their child's teachers to discuss the child's academic progress.


lexentry: eng/parhelion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parhelion
trans_list: parhelion
sense:
Synonym of sun dog (“a bright spot in the sky, usually one of two on the parhelic circle on both sides of the sun (or occasionally above and below it), caused by the refraction of the sun's image through ice crystals”).


lexentry: eng/pariah__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pariah
trans_list: parias
sense:
Synonym of outcast: A person despised and excluded by their family, community, or society, especially a member of the untouchable castes in Indian society.


lexentry: eng/paring_knife__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paring knife
trans_list: nóż do obierania
sense:
A thin-bladed knife intended for coring and paring (peeling) fruit such as apples as well as slicing small ingredients, especially used for precise and controlled cutting.


lexentry: eng/parish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parish
trans_list: parafia
sense:
(Roman Catholicism, Anglican, Lutheranism, Eastern Orthodox) An administrative part of a diocese that has its own church.


lexentry: eng/parish__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: parish
trans_list: parafia
sense:
(US) An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a congregation live.


lexentry: eng/parish_church__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parish church
trans_list: kościół parafialny
sense:
A church that serves as the religious centre of a parish; the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches.


lexentry: eng/parity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: parity
trans_list: parzystość
sense:
(mathematics, countable) A set with the property of having all of its elements belonging to one of two disjoint subsets, especially a set of integers split in subsets of even and odd elements.


lexentry: eng/parity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: parity
trans_list: parzystość
sense:
(mathematics, countable) The classification of an element of a set with parity into one of the two sets.


lexentry: eng/park__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: park
trans_list: park
sense:
A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a residence, such as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or the like.


lexentry: eng/parking_lot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parking lot
trans_list: parking
sense:
(North America, Philippines, Malaysia) A parking area, generally paved and open-air (sometimes with limited overhead covering), where automobiles may be left when not in use.


lexentry: eng/parking_meter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parking meter
trans_list: parkometr
sense:
A device, located by a parking space, that collects payment in exchange for the right to park a vehicle for a specified time.


lexentry: eng/parking_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parking space
trans_list: miejsce parkingowe
sense:
(countable) A space in which a car or other vehicle can be parked. (Sometimes demarcated with lines painted on the ground.)


lexentry: eng/parkour__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parkour
trans_list: parkour
sense:
(sport) An athletic discipline, in which practitioners traverse any environment in the most efficient way possible using their physical abilities, and which commonly involves running, jumping, vaulting, rolling, flipping, and other similar physical movements.


lexentry: eng/parlance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parlance
trans_list: język | mowa
sense:
A certain way of speaking, of using words; especially that associated with a particular job or interest.


lexentry: eng/parliament__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: parliament
trans_list: parlament | sejm
sense:
In many countries, the legislative branch of government, a deliberative assembly or set of assemblies whose elected or appointed members meet to debate the major political issues of the day, make, amend, and repeal laws, authorize the executive branch of government to collect and spend money, and in some cases exercise judicial powers; a legislature. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/parliament__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: parliament
trans_list: parlament | sejm
sense:
A particular assembly of the members of such a legislature, as convened for a specific purpose or period of time (commonly designated with an ordinal number – for example, first parliament or 12th parliament – or a descriptive adjective – for example, Long Parliament, Short Parliament and Rump Parliament). [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/parliamentarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parliamentarian
trans_list: parlamentarzysta | parlamentarzystka
sense:
(Commonwealth) A member of a parliament, congress or an elected national legislative body of another name.


lexentry: eng/parlor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parlor
trans_list: izba
sense:
(dated, except in, Mid-Atlantic US) The living room of a house, or a room for entertaining guests; a room for talking; a sitting-room or drawing room.


lexentry: eng/parlour_game__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parlour game
trans_list: gra towarzyska
sense:
Any of a number of amusing games played indoors with few props by the members of a social gathering.


lexentry: eng/parochial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: parochial
trans_list: parafiański | prowincjonalny | zaściankowy
sense:
(derogatory) Characterized by an unsophisticated focus on local concerns to the exclusion of wider contexts; elementary in scope or outlook.


lexentry: eng/parole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parole
trans_list: wykazanie się
sense:
(with on) Originally, one's oath or word of honour, given as a condition of release from custody; now specifically, describing the release of a former prisoner under certain conditions, especially the promise of good behaviour. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/parole__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: parole
trans_list: wykazanie się
sense:
Conditional release of a prisoner (now especially before the end of a custodial sentence), or the term or state of such release; the system governing such releases. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/parosmia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parosmia
trans_list: kakosmia | parosmia
sense:
(pathology) A distorted sense of smell, often resulting in the apparent detection of non-existent smells which are mostly unpleasant.


lexentry: eng/paroxysm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paroxysm
trans_list: paroksyzm
sense:
(countable, medicine) A period (especially one of several recurring periods) during the course of an illness when symptoms worsen; a sudden attack of a disease symptom, such as a bout of coughing or a seizure.


lexentry: eng/paroxysm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: paroxysm
trans_list: paroksyzm | przystęp
sense:
(countable) Chiefly followed by of: a sudden outburst of violent activity or feeling; also, the most severe part of an activity or incident; the climax.


lexentry: eng/parrot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parrot
trans_list: papuga
sense:
A kind of bird, many species of which are colorful and able to mimic human speech, of the order Psittaciformes or (narrowly) of the family Psittacidae.


lexentry: eng/parrot__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parrot
trans_list: papugować
sense:
(transitive) To repeat (exactly what has just been said) without necessarily showing understanding, in the manner of a parrot.


lexentry: eng/parrotfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parrotfish
trans_list: papugoryba
sense:
Any of several tropical marine fish of the family Scaridae known for their beak-like mass of teeth used to scrape algae from rocks or coral.


lexentry: eng/parse__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: parse
trans_list: parsować
sense:
(computing, ambitransitive) To split (a file or other input) into pieces of data that can be easily manipulated or stored.


lexentry: eng/parsley__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parsley
trans_list: pietruszka
sense:
(countable, uncountable) A bright green, biennial herb, Petroselinum crispum, having many cultivars.


lexentry: eng/part-time__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: part-time
trans_list: na pół etatu | niepełnoetatowy
sense:
For, during, or involving less than the normal time for some activity, especially the number of hours an employee works.


lexentry: eng/part_of_speech__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: part of speech
trans_list: część mowy
sense:
(grammar) A linguistic category of words sharing syntactic or morphological behaviour and semantic properties, such as noun or verb.


lexentry: eng/parthenogenesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parthenogenesis
trans_list: partenogeneza | dzieworództwo
sense:
(biology, countable, uncountable) (An instance of) reproduction by the development of a single gamete (an ovum or ovule) without fertilisation by a gamete of the opposite sex; compare monogenesis, metagenesis, and heterogamy.


lexentry: eng/partial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: partial
trans_list: stronniczy | tendencyjny | uprzedzony
sense:
Biased in favor of a person, side, or point of view, especially when dealing with a competition or dispute.


lexentry: eng/partial_autocorrelation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: partial autocorrelation
trans_list: autokorelacja cząstkowa
sense:
(statistics) Remaining correlation of two random variables in a stochastic process after intervening random variables have been accounted for.


lexentry: eng/partial_derivative__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: partial derivative
trans_list: pochodna cząstkowa
sense:
(mathematics) A derivative with respect to one variable of a function of several variables with the other variables held constant.


lexentry: eng/partial_differential_equation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: partial differential equation
trans_list: równanie różniczkowe cząstkowe
sense:
(calculus) A differential equation that involves the partial derivatives of a function of several variables.


lexentry: eng/partial_order__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: partial order
trans_list: częściowy porządek
sense:
(set theory, order theory) (informal) An ordering of the elements of a collection that behaves like that of the natural numbers by size, except that some elements may not be comparable (if all elements are comparable, it is called a total order); (formal) a binary relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive.


lexentry: eng/partial_pressure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: partial pressure
trans_list: ciśnienie cząstkowe
sense:
(physics, chemistry) The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would contribute to the total pressure.


lexentry: eng/participatory_democracy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: participatory democracy
trans_list: demokracja uczestnicząca
sense:
(political science) A form of government in which citizens participate individually and directly in political decisions and policies affecting their lives, rather than through elected representatives.


lexentry: eng/participle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: participle
trans_list: imiesłów
sense:
(grammar) A form of a verb that may function as an adjective, noun or adverb. English has two types of participles: the present participle and the past participle. In other languages, there are others, such as future, perfect, and future perfect participles.


lexentry: eng/particle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: particle
trans_list: cząstka | partykuła
sense:
A very small piece of matter, a fragment; especially, the smallest possible part of something. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/particle__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: particle
trans_list: cząstka | partykuła
sense:
(physics) Any of various physical objects making up the constituent parts of an atom; an elementary particle or subatomic particle. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/particle__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: particle
trans_list: partykuła | cząstka
sense:
(grammar) A part of speech that has no inherent lexical definition but must be associated with another word to impart meaning, often a grammatical category: for example, the English word to in a full infinitive phrase (to eat) or O in a vocative phrase (O Canada), or as a discourse marker (mmm).


lexentry: eng/particle_accelerator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: particle accelerator
trans_list: akcelerator cząstek | akcelerator
sense:
A device that accelerates electrically charged particles to extremely high speeds, for the purpose of inducing high energy reactions or producing high energy radiation.


lexentry: eng/particle_board__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: particle board
trans_list: płyta wiórowa
sense:
(US, Canada, AU) a structural material manufactured from wood particles (such as chips and shavings) by pressing, and binding through resin


lexentry: eng/particulate_matter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: particulate matter
trans_list: cząstki stałe | pył zawieszony
sense:
Any solid or liquid in a finely subdivided state, especially when considered as an atmospheric pollutant.


lexentry: eng/partisan__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: partisan
trans_list: partyzana | kapralski kij
sense:
(historical) A long-handled spear with a triangular, double-edged blade having lateral projections, in some forms also used in boar hunting.


lexentry: eng/partitive_article__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: partitive article
trans_list: przedimek cząstkowy
sense:
(grammar) A type of article, sometimes viewed as a type of indefinite article, used with a mass noun such as water, to indicate a non-specific quantity of it; class of determiner, with the closest English equivalent being some.


lexentry: eng/partner__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: partner
trans_list: partner | partnerka
sense:
(nautical) One of the pieces of wood comprising the framework which strengthens the deck of a wooden ship around the holes through which the mast and other fittings pass.


lexentry: eng/partner__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: partner
trans_list: partner | partnerka
sense:
(Jamaica) A group financial arrangement in which each member contributes a set amount of money over a set period.


lexentry: eng/partridge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: partridge
trans_list: kuropatwa
sense:
(ornithology) Any bird of a number of genera in the family Phasianidae, notably in the genera Perdix and Alectoris.


lexentry: eng/party__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: party
trans_list: strona | partia
sense:
(legal) A person or group of people constituting one side in a legal proceeding, such as in a legal action or a contract. [from ca. 1300s]


lexentry: eng/party__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: party
trans_list: partia
sense:
(now, rare, _, in general sense) A group of people forming one side in a given dispute, contest, etc., or united in maintaining a cause, policy, or opinion in opposition to others; a faction. [from ca. 1320s]


lexentry: eng/party__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: party
trans_list: impreza | balet | biba | melanż
sense:
A social gathering, usually of invited guests, which typically involves eating, drinking, and entertainment and often held to celebrate a particular occasion. [from 1700s]


lexentry: eng/party_animal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: party animal
trans_list: balangowicz | balangowiczka | imprezowicz | imprezowiczka
sense:
(idiomatic) A person known for frequent, enthusiastic attendance at parties, especially one whose partying behavior is exuberant or excessive.


lexentry: eng/party_game__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: party game
trans_list: gra dla wielu graczy | gra towarzyska
sense:
(video game genre) A multiplayer game, usually consisting of a series of short minigames, that can be easily played in a social setting.


lexentry: eng/party_horn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: party horn
trans_list: wskaźniki uprzedzające
sense:
A paper or plastic tube which may be blown into to create a sound, and sometimes is rolled up in a coil which unrolls and straightens out when blown.


lexentry: eng/parvenu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: parvenu
trans_list: dorobkiewicz | karierowicz | karierowiczka | nowobogacka | nowobogacki | nuworysz
sense:
A person who has risen, climbed up, or has been promoted to a higher social class, especially through acquisition of wealth, privileges, or political authority but has not gained social acceptance by those within that new class.


lexentry: eng/pascal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pascal
trans_list: paskal
sense:
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of pressure and stress; one newton per square metre. Symbol: Pa.


lexentry: eng/pasha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pasha
trans_list: basza | pasza | pascha
sense:
(historical) A high-ranking Turkish military officer, especially as a commander or regional governor; the highest honorary title during the Ottoman Empire.


lexentry: eng/pasque_flower__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pasque flower
trans_list: sasanka
sense:
Any of various deciduous perennial flowering plants, of the genus Pulsatilla, found in clumps in certain grassland areas.


lexentry: eng/pass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pass
trans_list: przełęcz
sense:
An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier such as a mountain range; a passageway; a defile; a ford.


lexentry: eng/pass__Noun__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: pass
trans_list: przepustka
sense:
A document granting permission to pass or to go and come; a passport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission


lexentry: eng/pass__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pass
trans_list: podawać | podać
sense:
(ditransitive) To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another.


lexentry: eng/pass__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pass
trans_list: zdać | przebrnąć | przejść | zdawać
sense:
(transitive) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and just.


lexentry: eng/pass__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pass
trans_list: odchodzić | odejść | umierać | umrzeć | zdechnąć | zdychać
sense:
(transitive) To allow to go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note of; to disregard.


lexentry: eng/pass_the_buck__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pass the buck
trans_list: zwalać odpowiedzialność na innych | zwalić odpowiedzialność na innych
sense:
(idiomatic, informal) To transfer responsibility or blame from oneself onto another; to absolve oneself of concern for a given matter by claiming to lack authority or jurisdiction.


lexentry: eng/passacaglia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: passacaglia
trans_list: passacaglia
sense:
(music genre) A form of historical Spanish or Italian dance characterised by a serious nature, triple metre, and use of a ground bass.


lexentry: eng/passenger_seat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: passenger seat
trans_list: siedzenie pasażera
sense:
(automotive) A seat in a vehicle for a passenger, especially the front seat next to the driver in a motor vehicle.


lexentry: eng/passing_loop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: passing loop
trans_list: mijanka
sense:
(rail) On a single-track railway or tramway, an extra track provided at a certain place to allow two trains travelling in opposite directions to pass each other. It can also allow a faster train to overtake a slower one.


lexentry: eng/passion__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: passion
trans_list: pasja | męka
sense:
(Christianity, usually capitalized) The suffering of Jesus leading up to and during his crucifixion.


lexentry: eng/passion_play__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: passion play
trans_list: misterium pasyjne
sense:
Any analogous religious story of the suffering, death, and resurrection of other gods or goddesses, or of the martyrdom of holy people, such as the Muslim tazia.


lexentry: eng/passionflower__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: passionflower
trans_list: męczennica | passiflora
sense:
Any of very many vines, in North America and elsewhere, of the genus Passiflora that bear edible fruit called passion fruit, and showy flowers of a structure symbolic of the Passion of Christ.


lexentry: eng/passive_participle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: passive participle
trans_list: imiesłów przymiotnikowy bierny
sense:
(grammar) A participle indicating an ongoing or completed action or state in the passive voice, where a noun modified by the participle is taken to represent the patient of the action denoted by the verb.


lexentry: eng/passive_smoker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: passive smoker
trans_list: bierny palacz
sense:
A non-smoker that suffers the consequences of tobacco due to inhalation of smoke from nearby smokers.


lexentry: eng/passive_vocabulary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: passive vocabulary
trans_list: słownik bierny
sense:
The words and phrases, collectively, that someone understands in speech and writing but does not commonly use.


lexentry: eng/passport__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: passport
trans_list: paszport
sense:
An official document normally used for international journeys, which proves the identity and nationality of the person for whom it was issued.


lexentry: eng/password__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: password
trans_list: hasło | parol
sense:
(military, security) A word relayed to a person to gain admittance to a place or to gain access to information.


lexentry: eng/password__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: password
trans_list: hasło
sense:
(computing, cryptography) A string of characters used to log in to a computer or network, to access a level in a video game, and so on; archetypally a word#Noun but nowadays often an alphanumeric#Adjective string or a phrase#Noun.


lexentry: eng/past__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: past
trans_list: przeszłość
sense:
(grammar) Of a tense, expressing action that has already happened or a previously-existing state. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/past_historic_tense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: past historic tense
trans_list: czas przeszły
sense:
(grammar) A tense used in some languages (such as French and Italian) in narrative, and in spoken language primarily when reading narrative or in storytelling, for completed actions in the past or in speaking of the deceased.


lexentry: eng/past_master__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: past master
trans_list: majster
sense:
One who has an extremely high level of ability or knowledge within an area of achievement or expertise.


lexentry: eng/past_perfect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: past perfect
trans_list: czas zaprzeszły
sense:
A tense which describes actions that occurred before another action or event in the past; the pluperfect or the past anterior tense.


lexentry: eng/past_tense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: past tense
trans_list: czas przeszły
sense:
(grammar) A grammatical form (often a verb form) that refers to an event, transaction, occurrence, or object that happened (or had happened), or existed, at some time before now (the applicable reference time).


lexentry: eng/pasta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pasta
trans_list: makaron
sense:
(uncountable) Dough made from wheat and water and sometimes mixed with egg and formed into various shapes; often sold in dried form and typically boiled for eating.


lexentry: eng/paste__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: paste
trans_list: wklejać
sense:
(transitive, computing) To insert a piece of media (e.g. text, picture, audio, video) previously copied or cut from somewhere else.


lexentry: eng/pastel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pastel
trans_list: pastel
sense:
Any of several subdued tints of colors, usually associated with pink, peach, yellow, green, blue, and lavender.


lexentry: eng/pasteurisation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pasteurisation
trans_list: pasteryzacja
sense:
(British spelling) Heat-treatment of a perishable food to destroy heat-sensitive vegetative cells followed by immediate cooling to limit growth of the surviving cells and germination of spores.


lexentry: eng/pasteurize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pasteurize
trans_list: pasteryzować
sense:
(transitive) To heat food for the purpose of killing harmful organisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, molds, and yeasts.


lexentry: eng/pastiche__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pastiche
trans_list: pastisz
sense:
A work of art, drama, literature, music, or architecture that imitates the work of a previous artist, usually in a positive or neutral way.


lexentry: eng/pastie__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pastie
trans_list: smażone ciasto z mięsem
sense:
(Northern Ireland) A circular, battered and deep-fried meat pie usually consisting of minced pork, onion, potato and seasoning and served in a bap or with chips. A peculiarity of Northern Irish "chippy" cuisine, rarely (if ever) seen outside the area.


lexentry: eng/pastille__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pastille
trans_list: pastylka
sense:
A candy- or sweet-like lozenge, which, when sucked, releases substances that soothe a sore throat, and sometimes vapours to help unblock the nose or sinuses.


lexentry: eng/pastoral__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pastoral
trans_list: pastoralny | duszpasterski | pasterski
sense:
Relating to the care of souls, to the pastor of a church or to any local religious leader charged with the service of individual parishioners, i.e. a priest or rabbi.


lexentry: eng/pastoral__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pastoral
trans_list: sielanka
sense:
A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds; a poem in which the speakers assume the character of shepherds; an idyll; a bucolic.


lexentry: eng/pat_down__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pat down
trans_list: przeszukać | przeszukiwać
sense:
(US, informal, transitive) To frisk; to check someone's body for concealed items, especially weapons.


lexentry: eng/patch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patch
trans_list: łata | łatka
sense:
A piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, especially upon an old garment to cover a hole.


lexentry: eng/patch__Noun__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: patch
trans_list: flejtuch
sense:
(firearms) A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a rifle ball, to make it fit the bore.


lexentry: eng/patchouli__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patchouli
trans_list: paczulka | brodziec paczulka | paczula | paczulka wonna
sense:
Any of several East Indian plants in the genus Pogostemon, especially Pogostemon cablin, which yield a highly fragrant oil.


lexentry: eng/patchwork_quilt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patchwork quilt
trans_list: patchwork
sense:
(literally) A decorative quilt made of pieces of cloth having diverse sizes, colors, and shapes, sewn together either to form a regular pattern or in a deliberately mismatched fashion without a pattern.


lexentry: eng/patent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patent
trans_list: patent
sense:
A declaration issued by a government agency that the inventor of a new invention has the sole privilege of making, selling, or using the claimed invention for a specified period.


lexentry: eng/patent__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patent
trans_list: opatentować | patentować
sense:
To (successfully) register (a new invention) with a government agency to obtain the sole privilege of its manufacture, sale, and use for a specified period.


lexentry: eng/patent_troll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patent troll
trans_list: troll patentowy
sense:
(patent law, informal, derogatory) A company, person, etc., that owns and enforces patents in an aggressive and opportunistic manner, often with no intention of producing, marketing, or promoting the subjects of the patents.


lexentry: eng/paternal_grandfather__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paternal grandfather
trans_list: dziadek ojczysty | dziadek po mieczu
sense:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see paternal,‎ grandfather. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/paternal_grandmother__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paternal grandmother
trans_list: babcia
sense:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see paternal,‎ grandmother. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/paternoster__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: paternoster
trans_list: Ojcze Nasz
sense:
(archaic) A patent medicine, so named because salesmen would pray the Lord's Prayer over it before selling it.


lexentry: eng/path__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: path
trans_list: ścieżka | droga
sense:
(computing) A human-readable specification for a location within a hierarchical or tree-like structure, such as a file system or as part of a URL.


lexentry: eng/pathogen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pathogen
trans_list: patogen
sense:
(pathology, immunology) An agent that can cause disease, especially an infectious microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, protozoon or fungus.


lexentry: eng/pathologist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pathologist
trans_list: patolog
sense:
An expert in pathology; a specialist who examines samples of body tissues for diagnostic or forensic purpose.


lexentry: eng/pathology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pathology
trans_list: patologia
sense:
(academic, _, medicine) The academic biomedical specialty that advances the aspects of the biomedical sciences that allow for those clinical applications and their advancements over time.


lexentry: eng/pathology__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pathology
trans_list: patologia
sense:
Pathosis: any deviation from a healthy or normal structure or function; abnormality; illness or malformation.


lexentry: eng/pathos__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pathos
trans_list: patos
sense:
The quality or property of anything which touches the feelings or excites emotions and passions, especially that which awakens tender emotions, such as pity, sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of feeling, action, or expression; pathetic quality.


lexentry: eng/pathway__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pathway
trans_list: szlak
sense:
(biochemistry) A sequence of biochemical compounds, and the reactions linking them, that describe a process in metabolism or catabolism.


lexentry: eng/patient__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patient
trans_list: pacjent | pacjentka | chory | chora
sense:
A person or animal that receives health care from a doctor, nurse, dentist, allied health practitioner, or other person educated in health care.


lexentry: eng/patient__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: patient
trans_list: pacjens
sense:
(linguistics, grammar) The noun or noun phrase that is semantically on the receiving end of a verb's action.


lexentry: eng/patina__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: patina
trans_list: patyna | śniedź | patena
sense:
The colour or incrustation which age and wear give to (mainly metallic) objects; especially, the green rust which covers works of art such as ancient bronzes, coins and medals.


lexentry: eng/patriarch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patriarch
trans_list: patriarcha
sense:
(Christianity) The highest form of bishop, in the ancient world having authority over other bishops in the province but now generally as an honorary title; in Roman Catholicism, considered a bishop second only to the Pope in rank. [from 9th c.]


lexentry: eng/patriarchy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patriarchy
trans_list: patriarchat
sense:
(anthropology, history) A social system in which the father is head of the household, having authority over women and children, and in which lineage is traced through the male line.


lexentry: eng/patrician__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patrician
trans_list: patrycjusz | patrycjuszka
sense:
(Ancient Rome) A member of any of the families constituting the populus Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special privilege conferred, belonged to the senior class of Romans, who, with certain property, had by right a seat in the Roman Senate.


lexentry: eng/patriotic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patriotic
trans_list: patriotyczny
sense:
Inspired by or showing patriotism; done out of love of one's country; zealously and unselfishly devoted to the service of one's country


lexentry: eng/patriotism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patriotism
trans_list: patriotyzm
sense:
Love of one's country; devotion to the welfare of one's compatriots; passion which inspires one to serve one's country.


lexentry: eng/patrol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patrol
trans_list: patrol
sense:
(military) A going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and between the posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four men, to insure greater security from attacks on the outposts.


lexentry: eng/patrol__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: patrol
trans_list: patrol
sense:
(military) A movement, by a small body of troops beyond the line of outposts, to explore the country and gain intelligence of the enemy's whereabouts.


lexentry: eng/patron_saint__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patron saint
trans_list: święty patron
sense:
(Christianity) A saint conceived as the patron (protector or supporter) of a particular place, group, person, or activity, for whom or for which his or her intercession is specially invoked.


lexentry: eng/patronage__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: patronage
trans_list: klientyzm
sense:
(politics) Granting favours or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support.


lexentry: eng/patronize__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: patronize
trans_list: wywyższać się
sense:
(transitive) To assume a tone of unjustified superiority toward; to talk down to, to treat condescendingly.


lexentry: eng/patronymic__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: patronymic
trans_list: patronimik
sense:
(onomastics, by extension) A name acquired from the first name of one's father, grandfather or earlier (male) ancestor. Some cultures use a patronymic where other cultures use a surname or family name; other cultures (like Russia) use both a patronymic and a surname.


lexentry: eng/patsy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patsy
trans_list: frajer
sense:
(informal, derogatory) A person who is taken advantage of, especially by being cheated or blamed for something.


lexentry: eng/pattern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pattern
trans_list: wykrój
sense:
(textiles) The paper or cardboard template from which the parts of a garment are traced onto fabric prior to cutting out and assembling.


lexentry: eng/patty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: patty
trans_list: hamburger | kotlet mielony
sense:
(US, Australia, New Zealand) A flattened portion of ground meat or a vegetarian equivalent, usually round but sometimes square in shape.


lexentry: eng/patty__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: patty
trans_list: ciasto z nadzieniem
sense:
(Jamaica) A pastry with various fillings and spices baked inside a flaky shell, often tinted golden yellow with an egg yolk mixture or turmeric.


lexentry: eng/pattypan_squash__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pattypan squash
trans_list: patison
sense:
A summer squash belonging to the species Cucurbita pepo, distinguished by its small size, shallow round shape, and scalloped edges, which give it a resemblance to a toy top or a flying saucer.


lexentry: eng/pauldron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pauldron
trans_list: pacha
sense:
(historical) A component of plate armor that protects the shoulder, generally covering more than a spaulder, also protecting the armpit and overlapping with other armor over the upper chest and back.


lexentry: eng/pave__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pave
trans_list: brukować
sense:
(Canada, US) To cover with stone, concrete, blacktop or other solid covering, especially to aid travel.


lexentry: eng/pavement__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pavement
trans_list: bruk | nawierzchnia
sense:
(now, chiefly, North America) A paving (paved part) of a road or other thoroughfare; the roadway or road surface. [from 13th c.]


lexentry: eng/pavis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pavis
trans_list: pawęż
sense:
(military, history) Most usually, a very large shield fitted with a stand, like a small moveable wall, carried in front to protect all or most of the bearer's body that could be positioned independently of the user, such as a crossbowman, often with a projecting ridge running vertically down the center. However, smaller, more standard shield types were also termed as such, with the central verticle ridge as a defining feature.


lexentry: eng/paw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paw
trans_list: łapa
sense:
The soft foot of a mammal or other animal, generally a quadruped, that has claws or nails; comparable to a human hand or foot.


lexentry: eng/pawa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pawa
trans_list: słuchotka | ucho morskie
sense:
(New Zealand) An edible univalve mollusc of the genus Haliotis, having a shell lined with mother-of-pearl.


lexentry: eng/pawl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pawl
trans_list: zapadka
sense:
A pivoted catch designed to fall into a notch on a ratchet wheel so as to allow movement in only one direction (e.g. on a windlass or in a clock mechanism), or alternatively to move the wheel in one direction.


lexentry: eng/pawn__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pawn
trans_list: pionek | pion
sense:
(chess) The most numerous chess piece, or a similar piece in a similar game. In chess, each side starts with eight; moves are only forward, and attacks are only diagonally or en passant.


lexentry: eng/pawn_grabbing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pawn grabbing
trans_list: pionkożerstwo
sense:
(informal, chess) A playstyle where a player prioritizes capturing opponents' pawns rather than focusing on overall strategy or victory conditions. Often seen as a beginner's mistake or an overly aggressive, short-sighted approach.


lexentry: eng/pawnbroker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pawnbroker
trans_list: lombardzista
sense:
A person who makes monetary loans at interest, taking personal property as security – which may be sold if not redeemed.


lexentry: eng/paximadi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paximadi
trans_list: grzanka
sense:
Various forms of Greek rusk, made commonly from barley or chickpea flour, and softened with wine, water or oil before eating.


lexentry: eng/pay_TV__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pay TV
trans_list: płatna telewizja
sense:
A system whereby viewers pay to subscribe to specific broadcast television channels or programme typically used in cable television services


lexentry: eng/pay_grade__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pay grade
trans_list: ranga
sense:
(figuratively) A level of authority or responsibility (since pay rate, authority and responsibility generally increase similarly).


lexentry: eng/pay_off__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pay off
trans_list: spłacać | spłacić
sense:
(transitive) To pay back (repay) the entirety of a loan, thereby effecting the release of a lien on (the thing that was financed).


lexentry: eng/pay_the_price__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pay the price
trans_list: płacić za | zapłacić za
sense:
(idiomatic) To incur the negative consequences of (one’s own or someone else’s) actions or decisions.


lexentry: eng/pay_through_the_nose__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pay through the nose
trans_list: przepłacać | przepłacić
sense:
(idiomatic) To pay an exorbitant or excessive amount, either in money or in some other manner. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/payment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: payment
trans_list: zapłata
sense:
(countable) An instance of that act; a sum of money paid in exchange#Noun for goods or services, or the transaction#Noun that conveys it.


lexentry: eng/payment_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: payment card
trans_list: karta płatnicza
sense:
(banking) A card, such as a credit card or debit card, which can be used for payment of goods or services.


lexentry: eng/payment_order__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: payment order
trans_list: asygnata
sense:
(finance, chiefly, banking) An instruction from a sender to a receiving bank, transmitted orally, electronically, or in writing, to pay, or to cause another bank to pay a fixed and determinable amount of money to a beneficiary.


lexentry: eng/payoff_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: payoff function
trans_list: funkcja zysku
sense:
(game theory) A mathematical function describing the award given to a single player at the outcome of a game.


lexentry: eng/payola__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: payola
trans_list: łapówka
sense:
(US, Philippines) A bribe given in exchange for a favor, such as one given in exchange for the promotion of goods or services (originally one given to a disk jockey to play a record).


lexentry: eng/payphone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: payphone
trans_list: automat | automat telefoniczny | telefon samoinkasujący
sense:
A public telephone that requires prepayment to operate, generally via the insertion of coins or a credit card.


lexentry: eng/payslip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: payslip
trans_list: pasek wynagrodzenia
sense:
A small document, included with an employee's wage or salary, giving details of money earned and tax and insurance paid.


lexentry: eng/paywall__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: paywall
trans_list: paywall
sense:
(informal, computing) A system that restricts access to content with a purchase or a paid subscription.


lexentry: eng/pea__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pea
trans_list: groch | groszek
sense:
(especially, when without a qualifier) A plant, Pisum sativum, member of the legume (Fabaceae) family.


lexentry: eng/peace_pipe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peace pipe
trans_list: fajka pokoju
sense:
A tobacco pipe smoked ceremonially in certain Native American cultures that symbolizes peace among those who smoke it, and among whom it is passed around from person to person.


lexentry: eng/peace_talks__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peace talks
trans_list: rozmowy pokojowe
sense:
A series of formal discussions between two or more nation-states or groups of people held to resolve existing conflict between them.


lexentry: eng/peaceable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peaceable
trans_list: bezkonfliktowy
sense:
Favouring peace rather than conflict; not aggressive, tending to avoid violence (of people, actions etc.). [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/peacekeeping__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peacekeeping
trans_list: utrzymywanie pokoju
sense:
The act of preserving peace, specifically between hostile groups or states, especially by a sanctioned military force. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/peach__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peach
trans_list: brzoskwinia
sense:
(countable) Any tree of species Prunus persica, native to China and now widely cultivated throughout temperate regions, having pink flowers and edible fruit.


lexentry: eng/peach__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: peach
trans_list: brzoskwinia
sense:
(countable, uncountable) Soft juicy stone fruit of the peach tree, having yellow flesh, downy, red-tinted yellow skin, and a deeply sculptured pit or stone containing a single seed.


lexentry: eng/peachy__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: peachy
trans_list: elegancki
sense:
(colloquial) Very good, excellent, typically used sarcastically to indicate a state of misery, resentment or great frustration.


lexentry: eng/peafowl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peafowl
trans_list: paw
sense:
A bird of the genus Pavo or Afropavo, notable for the extravagant tails of the males; a peacock (unspecified sex).


lexentry: eng/peal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peal
trans_list: brzęk
sense:
A loud sound, or a succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts, laughter, of a multitude, etc.


lexentry: eng/pearl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pearl
trans_list: perła
sense:
(literally) A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or mother-of-pearl. Round lustrous pearls are used in jewellery.


lexentry: eng/pearl__Noun__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: pearl
trans_list: perła
sense:
(uncountable, typography, printing, dated) The size of type between diamond and agate, standardized as 5-point.


lexentry: eng/peasant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peasant
trans_list: chłop | włościanin | rolnik | chłopka | włościanka | rolniczka
sense:
A member of the lowly social class that toils on the land, constituted by small farmers and tenants, sharecroppers, farmhands and other laborers on the land where they form the main labor force in agriculture and horticulture.


lexentry: eng/peat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peat
trans_list: torf
sense:
Soil formed of dead but not fully decayed plants found in bog areas, often burned as fuel. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/pecking_order__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pecking order
trans_list: porządek dziobania
sense:
The usually informal hierarchy of authority or command, often partial or approximate, as determined by the especially natural propensity for domination of different members of a specific group over each other, such as older brothers and sisters over their younger siblings.


lexentry: eng/pectin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pectin
trans_list: pektyna
sense:
(carbohydrate) A polysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of plants, especially of fruits; under acidic conditions it forms a gel. It is often used in processed foods, especially jellies and jams where it causes thickening (setting).


lexentry: eng/pectoral_sandpiper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pectoral sandpiper
trans_list: biegus arktyczny
sense:
Calidris melanotos, a small migratory wader that breeds in North America and Asia, wintering in South America and Oceania, and eats small invertebrates.


lexentry: eng/pedal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pedal
trans_list: pedał
sense:
A lever operated by one's foot that is used to control or power a machine or mechanism, such as a bicycle or piano.


lexentry: eng/pedal_pushers__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pedal pushers
trans_list: rybaczki
sense:
(originally, US) Women's casual trousers, usually fairly form-fitting, that end at the calves. [from mid 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/pedalo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pedalo
trans_list: rower wodny
sense:
(UK, watercraft) A small boat propelled by pedals that directly turn external paddles, used for recreation.


lexentry: eng/pedelec__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pedelec
trans_list: Pedelec
sense:
(informal) A bicycle with an electric motor which assists the rider but only while they are pedalling.


lexentry: eng/pedestrian_zone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pedestrian zone
trans_list: deptak | strefa dla pieszych
sense:
A road which is closed off to non-emergency motor traffic, with only pedestrians and small vehicles such as bicycles being allowed.


lexentry: eng/pediatric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pediatric
trans_list: pediatryczny
sense:
(American spelling) Of or pertaining to pediatrics, the branch of medicine dealing with the care and treatment of children and adolescents.


lexentry: eng/pediatrician__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pediatrician
trans_list: pediatra
sense:
(American spelling) A physician that specializes in pediatrics; the medical care of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.


lexentry: eng/pediatrics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pediatrics
trans_list: pediatria
sense:
(American spelling, medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of children and adolescents.


lexentry: eng/pedicel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pedicel
trans_list: szypułka
sense:
(botany) A stalk of an individual flower (or fruit, e.g., once fertilised) or spore-producing body within a cluster.


lexentry: eng/pedigree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pedigree
trans_list: rodowód
sense:
A chart, list, or record of ancestors, to show breeding, especially distinguished breeding. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/pediment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pediment
trans_list: fronton | przyczółek
sense:
(architectural element) A classical architectural element consisting of a triangular section or gable found above the horizontal superstructure (entablature) which lies immediately upon the columns; fronton.


lexentry: eng/pedipalp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pedipalp
trans_list: szczękonóżka
sense:
(zootomy) Either of a second pair of appendages near the mouth of many arachnids, variously specialized as pincers, sensory or locomotory organs.


lexentry: eng/pedology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pedology
trans_list: gleboznawstwo | pedologia
sense:
The sub-discipline of soil science that studies soils as a component of natural systems or deals with soil genesis and soil classification, or studies the soil profiles or solum in its natural setting.


lexentry: eng/pedometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pedometer
trans_list: krokomierz
sense:
A device, often electronic, that measures the number of steps taken, and thus estimates the distance walked.


lexentry: eng/pedophile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pedophile
trans_list: pedofil
sense:
(psychiatry, sexology) An adult or older adolescent who is sexually attracted to prepubescent children. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/pedophile__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pedophile
trans_list: pedofil
sense:
(pejorative, by extension, common use) An adult who is sexually attracted to or engages in sexual acts with a child under the age of consent.


lexentry: eng/pedophilia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pedophilia
trans_list: pedofilia
sense:
(by extension, proscribed) Sexual activity between adults and children; the act of child molestation.


lexentry: eng/pedosexual__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pedosexual
trans_list: pedoseksualny
sense:
(uncommon, of an act or behavior) Being or constituting pedosexuality, sexual activity between an adult and a child.


lexentry: eng/peekaboo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peekaboo
trans_list: a kuku
sense:
(games) A game for a small child in which one covers one's face, then suddenly reveals it, saying "Boo!" or "Peekaboo!".


lexentry: eng/peel__Noun__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peel
trans_list: lofer | łopata
sense:
A shovel or similar instrument, now especially a pole with a flat disc at the end used for removing pizza or loaves of bread from a baker's oven.


lexentry: eng/peel_off__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peel off
trans_list: złuszczać
sense:
(intransitive) To separate off from the main body, to move off to one side; as in troop movements on a parade ground or an organized retreat, or columns in a procession.


lexentry: eng/peep__Verb__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: peep
trans_list: podpatrywać
sense:
(intransitive, dated) To begin to appear; to look forth from concealment; to make the first appearance.


lexentry: eng/peephole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peephole
trans_list: wizjer | judasz
sense:
A small hole, opening, or piece of glass, especially in a door, through which one can look without being seen.


lexentry: eng/peeping_tom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peeping tom
trans_list: podglądacz
sense:
A person who watches another without the other's permission and usually without the other's knowledge, especially for the purpose of deriving sexual pleasure from the sight of the other.


lexentry: eng/peer__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: peer
trans_list: par
sense:
A noble with a title, i.e., a peerage, and in times past, with certain rights and privileges not enjoyed by commoners.


lexentry: eng/peer_review__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peer review
trans_list: recenzowanie
sense:
(education) The scholarly process whereby manuscripts intended to be published in an academic journal are reviewed by independent researchers (referees) to evaluate the contribution, i.e. the importance, novelty and accuracy of the manuscript's contents.


lexentry: eng/peignoir__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peignoir
trans_list: peniuar
sense:
A long outer garment for women, usually sheer and made of chiffon and often sold with matching nightgown, negligee or underwear.


lexentry: eng/pejoratively__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pejoratively
trans_list: lekceważąco
sense:
In a pejorative manner. Insultingly, disparagingly; so as to belittle another or harm their reputation.


lexentry: eng/pelargonium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pelargonium
trans_list: pelargonia | muszkatel
sense:
Any of various flowering plants of the genus Pelargonium, similar to (and often confused with) true geraniums, but less hardy and often cultivated as annuals for ornamental purposes.


lexentry: eng/pelican_eel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pelican eel
trans_list: połykacz
sense:
A deep-sea eel (Eurypharynx pelecanoides), the only known member of the genus Eurypharynx and family Eurypharyngidae, which is rarely seen by humans, although occasionally caught in fishing nets.


lexentry: eng/pellagra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pellagra
trans_list: pelagra
sense:
(pathology) A disease characterised by skin lesions and mental confusion, primarily caused by a niacin deficiency. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/peloton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peloton
trans_list: peleton
sense:
(cycle racing) A group of riders formed during a cycling road race; especially, the main group of riders; the pack.


lexentry: eng/pelt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pelt
trans_list: skóra
sense:
The skin of an animal with the hair or wool on; either a raw or undressed hide, or a skin preserved with the hair or wool on it (sometimes worn as a garment with minimal modification).


lexentry: eng/pelvic_floor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pelvic floor
trans_list: przepona miednicy
sense:
(anatomy) A muscular partition, formed by the muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue, which spans the area underneath the pelvis.


lexentry: eng/pelvis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pelvis
trans_list: miednica | obręcz kończyny dolnej | obręcz miedniczna
sense:
(anatomy) The large compound bone structure at the base of the spine that supports the legs in hominids.


lexentry: eng/pemmican__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pemmican
trans_list: pemikan
sense:
A food made from meat which has been dried and beaten into a paste, mixed with berries and rendered fat, and shaped into little patties. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/pen__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pen
trans_list: pióro | długopis
sense:
A tool, originally made from a feather but now usually a small tubular instrument, containing ink used to write or make marks.


lexentry: eng/penalty__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: penalty
trans_list: kara
sense:
(ice hockey) A punishment for an infraction of the rules, often in the form of being removed from play for a specified amount of time.


lexentry: eng/penalty_area__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penalty area
trans_list: pole karne
sense:
(football, futsal) An area of a pitch or field, inside which a penalty is given to the offensive team if a foul is made by the defensive team.


lexentry: eng/penalty_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penalty box
trans_list: bosman
sense:
(ice hockey) An enclosed bench where a player must remain for timed period (a penalty) that is assessed after an infraction.


lexentry: eng/penalty_goal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (ice hockey, soccer, rugby) A goal scored from a penalty.
written_rep: penalty goal
trans_list:
bramka strzelona z rzutu karnego | bramka z rzutu karnego | bramka zdobyta z rzutu karnego | gol strzelony z rzutu karnego | gol z rzutu karnego | gol zdobyty z rzutu karnego


lexentry: eng/penalty_kick__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penalty kick
trans_list: rzut karny
sense:
(soccer) A form of direct free kick, taken from the penalty spot after a defensive foul in the penalty box, with only the goalkeeper defending the goal.


lexentry: eng/penalty_shootout__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penalty shootout
trans_list: seria rzutów karnych
sense:
(football, field hockey) A series of penalties (penalty kicks in soccer), taken to decide a winner after a game has resulted in a tie and extra time has been played.


lexentry: eng/penalty_shot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penalty shot
trans_list: rzut karny
sense:
(ice hockey) A penalty awarded when a team loses a clear scoring opportunity on a breakaway because of a foul committed by an opposing player. A player from the non-offending team is given an attempt to score a goal without opposition from any defending players except the goaltender.


lexentry: eng/penance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penance
trans_list: pokuta
sense:
A voluntary self-imposed punishment for a sinful act or wrongdoing. It may be intended to serve as reparation for the act.


lexentry: eng/pencil__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pencil
trans_list: ołówek
sense:
A writing utensil with a graphite (commonly referred to as lead) shaft, usually blended with clay, clad in wood, and sharpened to a taper. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pencil_lead__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pencil lead
trans_list: cera
sense:
The material (usually black or dark gray) which allows a pencil to work. Usually a mixture of graphite and smaller amounts of other material, but not actual lead.


lexentry: eng/pencil_pusher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pencil pusher
trans_list: biurokrata | gryzipiórek | urzędas | zarękawek
sense:
(informal, often, derogatory) One who does routine office work; someone involved mainly in paperwork.


lexentry: eng/pend__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pend
trans_list: sklepione przejście
sense:
(Scotland) An archway; especially, a vaulted passageway leading through a tenement-style building from the main street, giving access to the rear of the building or an internal courtyard. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/pendant__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pendant
trans_list: wisior | wisiorek | brelok
sense:
A piece of jewellery which hangs down as an ornament, especially worn on a chain around the neck. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/pendeloque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pendeloque
trans_list: kapka
sense:
(also, attributive) A drop-shaped diamond or other gem used as a pendant; also, a piece of jewellery in pendant form. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pendentive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pendentive
trans_list: pendentyw
sense:
(architecture) The concave triangular sections of vaulting that provide the transition between a dome and the square base on which it is set and transfer the weight of the dome.


lexentry: eng/penduline_tit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penduline tit
trans_list: remizy
sense:
Any of the family of small passerine birds Remizidae, which nearly all make nests which hang from trees; found in Eurasia, Africa, and North America.


lexentry: eng/pendulum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pendulum
trans_list: wahadło
sense:
(clocks, mechanics) A body suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back and forth under the influence of gravity, commonly used to regulate various devices such as clocks.


lexentry: eng/penguin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penguin
trans_list: pingwin | bezlotek
sense:
Any of several flightless sea birds, of the family Spheniscidae within the order Sphenisciformes, found in the Southern Hemisphere, marked by their usual upright stance, walking on short legs, and (generally) their stark black and white plumage. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/penicillin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penicillin
trans_list: penicylina
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of a group of narrow-spectrum antibiotics obtained from Penicillium molds or synthesized, that have a beta-lactam structure and are active against gram-positive bacteria and used in the treatment of various infections and diseases.


lexentry: eng/penitente__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penitente
trans_list: penitent
sense:
A tall thin blade of hardened snow or ice, found closely spaced in large quantities at high altitudes.


lexentry: eng/penknife__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: penknife
trans_list: nożyk do pióra
sense:
(archaic) A small knife for cutting the points of quill feathers or reeds into nibs to provide or repair writing implements, early versions were commonly small sheath knives.


lexentry: eng/penny__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penny
trans_list: pens
sense:
(historical) In the United Kingdom and Ireland and many other countries, a unit of currency worth 1⁄240 of a pound sterling or Irish pound before decimalisation, or a copper coin worth this amount. Abbreviation: d.


lexentry: eng/penny_for_your_thoughts__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penny for your thoughts
trans_list: grosik za twoje myśli
sense:
(idiomatic) Used to inquire into the thoughts and feelings of another, especially when the person appears pensive or conflicted.


lexentry: eng/pension__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pension
trans_list: emerytura
sense:
(finance) An annuity paid regularly as benefit due to a retired employee, serviceman etc. in consideration of past services, originally and chiefly by a government but also by various private pension schemes. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pension__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pension
trans_list: pensjonat
sense:
A boarding house or small hotel, especially in continental Europe, which typically offers lodging and certain meals and services. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/pentachoron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentachoron
trans_list: pięciościan czterowymiarowy
sense:
(mathematics) A four-dimensional object analogous to a tetrahedron, constructed out of five tetrahedra.


lexentry: eng/pentagram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentagram
trans_list: pentagram | gwiazda pitagorejska
sense:
The shape of a five-pointed star constructed of five intersecting lines meeting at the vertices, such that a central pentagon and five surrounding isosceles triangles are formed; often with magical connotations; a 5/2 (or 5/3) star polygon.


lexentry: eng/pentakis_dodecahedron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentakis dodecahedron
trans_list: dwunastościan Pentakisa
sense:
(mathematics) A Catalan solid equivalent to a dodecahedron with a pentagonal pyramid covering each face


lexentry: eng/pentalogy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentalogy
trans_list: pentalogia
sense:
A set of five works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as five individual works.


lexentry: eng/pentane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentane
trans_list: pentan
sense:
(organic compound) An aliphatic hydrocarbon of chemical formula C5H12; either of the three isomers n-pentane, methylbutane (isopentane), and dimethylpropane (neopentane); volatile liquids under normal conditions.


lexentry: eng/pentanol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentanol
trans_list: pentanol
sense:
(organic compound) Any of several isomers of the alcohol C5H11OH; the principal constituents of fusel oil.


lexentry: eng/pentaquark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentaquark
trans_list: pentakwark
sense:
(particle) Any of a class of subatomic particles (previously hypothetical, since detected, subject to confirmation) consisting of a group of five quarks (compared to three quarks in normal baryons and two in mesons), or more specifically four quarks and one antiquark (symbol Θ).


lexentry: eng/pentathlon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentathlon
trans_list: pięciobój
sense:
An ancient athletics discipline, featuring five events: stadion, wrestling, long jump, javelin and discus


lexentry: eng/pentathlon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pentathlon
trans_list: pięciobój
sense:
(athletics) Ellipsis of women's pentathlon (“a 20th-century athletics discipline for women, the women's counterpart of the men's decathlon, the predecessor to the women's heptathlon, featuring five events: hurdles, shot put, high jump, long jump, and a run”).


lexentry: eng/pentathlon__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pentathlon
trans_list: pięciobój
sense:
(athletics) Ellipsis of modern pentathlon, a discipline with five events based on late-19th century basic military skills.


lexentry: eng/penthouse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penthouse
trans_list: przybudówka
sense:
(now, historical) A structure or annexe (especially one with a sloping roof) extending from the side of a building, sometimes as protection from the weather. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/pentimento__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentimento
trans_list: pentimento
sense:
(art, literature) The presence of traces of a previous work in an artistic or literary work; especially (painting) an image which has been painted over but is still detectable.


lexentry: eng/penultimate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penultimate
trans_list: przedostatni
sense:
(UK, in, _, US, _, usually, formal) Next to last, second to last; immediately preceding the end of a sequence, list, etc.


lexentry: eng/peonage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peonage
trans_list: peonaż
sense:
The state of being a peon; the system of paying back debt through servitude and labour; loosely, any system of involuntary servitude.


lexentry: eng/people's__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: people's
trans_list: ludowy | narodowy
sense:
In certain socialist states: of, from, or controlled (at least in name) by the common people rather than a ruling elite.


lexentry: eng/people__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: people
trans_list: lud | naród
sense:
(countable, collective) Persons forming or belonging to a particular group, such as a nation, class, ethnic group, country, family, etc.


lexentry: eng/people__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: people
trans_list: ludzie | naród
sense:
A group of persons regarded as being servants, followers, companions or subjects of a ruler or leader.


lexentry: eng/people__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: people
trans_list: lud | naród
sense:
The mass of a community as distinguished from a special class (elite); the commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; the citizens.


lexentry: eng/people_mover__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: people mover
trans_list: mała kolej automatyczna
sense:
A fully automated, grade-separated mass transit system, typically serving a small area such as an airport.


lexentry: eng/people_person__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: people person
trans_list: towarzyska osoba
sense:
(idiomatic) One who interacts skilfully with other people and who receives satisfaction from such interaction.


lexentry: eng/people_who_live_in_glass_houses_shouldn't_throw_stones__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: One should not criticize others if one has similar weaknesses.
written_rep: people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones
trans_list:
nie sądźcie, a nie będziecie sądzeni | źdźbło w oku bliźniego widzisz, a belki w swoim nie dostrzegasz


lexentry: eng/pepo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pepo
trans_list: dynia
sense:
A fruit of plants of the gourd family Cucurbitaceae, possessing a hard rind and producing many seeds in a single, central, pulpy chamber.


lexentry: eng/pepper__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pepper
trans_list: papryka | chili | papryka ostra
sense:
(UK, US, Ireland, and, Canada) A fruit of the capsicum plant: red, green, yellow or white, hollow and containing seeds, and in a wide range of mild (sweet, nonspicy) to hot (spicy) varieties.


lexentry: eng/pepper_mill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pepper mill
trans_list: młynek do pieprzu
sense:
A small handheld grinder containing a supply of peppercorns for grinding fresh at the table or in the kitchen.


lexentry: eng/pepper_shaker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pepper shaker
trans_list: pieprzniczka
sense:
A small container designed to hold pepper and facilitate sprinkling it on food for seasoning purposes.


lexentry: eng/pepper_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pepper tree
trans_list: drzewo pieprzowe
sense:
Any of the South American trees in the genus Schinus, which have small fruits that have been used as a substitute for black pepper.


lexentry: eng/peppermint__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peppermint
trans_list: mięta pieprzowa
sense:
A hybrid herb of the mint family (Mentha × piperita), formed by crossing watermint and spearmint, which has a high menthol content and a sharp flavor and is used in cooking, especially in herb teas and in confections. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/peppermint__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: peppermint
trans_list: mięta pieprzowa | miętówka
sense:
(countable) Any of various sweets containing extract of the peppermint herb; peppermint confectionery. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/peppermint_oil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peppermint oil
trans_list: olejek miętowy
sense:
oil derived from the leaves of the peppermint plant Mentha × piperita, which is used for a number of purposes.


lexentry: eng/pepperwort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pepperwort
trans_list: pieprzyca
sense:
Any of several species of perennial plant in the genus Lepidium (originally specifically dittander, species Lepidium latifolium), which is a member of the mustard and cabbage family. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pepsin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pepsin
trans_list: pepsyna
sense:
(enzyme) A digestive enzyme that chemically digests, or breaks down, proteins into shorter chains of amino acids.


lexentry: eng/peptide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peptide
trans_list: peptyd
sense:
(organic compound) Any of a class of organic compounds consisting of various numbers of amino acids in which the amine of one is reacted with the carboxylic acid of the next to form an amide bond.


lexentry: eng/peptide_bond__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peptide bond
trans_list: wiązanie peptydowe
sense:
(chemistry) An amide bond formed between the amino and carboxyl functional groups of separate amino acids.


lexentry: eng/per_fess__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: per fess
trans_list: coupé
sense:
(heraldry) (Partitioned) horizontally; (especially) partitioned horizontally into two halves (formally party per fess).


lexentry: eng/per_pale__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: per pale
trans_list: partia
sense:
(heraldry) (Partitioned) vertically; (especially) partitioned vertically into two halves (formally party per pale).


lexentry: eng/percale__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: percale
trans_list: perkal
sense:
(textiles) A fine, closely woven fabric, made from cotton, polyester or a mix of these, and used for sheets and clothing.


lexentry: eng/percentile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: percentile
trans_list: centyl
sense:
(statistics) Any of the ninety-nine points that divide an ordered distribution into one hundred parts, each containing one per cent of the population.


lexentry: eng/percontation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: percontation
trans_list: ankieta
sense:
(formal, rare, or, obsolete) A question which cannot properly be given a one-word answer like “yes” or “no”. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/percussion__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: percussion
trans_list: perkusja
sense:
(music) The section of an orchestra or band containing percussion instruments; such instruments considered as a group; in bands, may be separate from drum kits.


lexentry: eng/percussion_cap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: percussion cap
trans_list: kapiszon
sense:
a metal cap found on muzzleloading firearms that contains chemical substances such as fulminate that explode upon impact


lexentry: eng/percussion_instrument__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: percussion instrument
trans_list: instrument perkusyjny
sense:
(musical instruments) An instrument in which the sound is produced by striking, scraping or shaking an object.


lexentry: eng/percussionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: percussionist
trans_list: perkusista | bębniarz
sense:
A trained musician who plays percussion instruments, as opposed to a drummer who lacks formal training.


lexentry: eng/peregrinate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peregrinate
trans_list: podróżować | przemierzać | przemierzyć
sense:
(intransitive) To travel from place to place, or from one country to another, especially on foot; hence, to sojourn in foreign countries.


lexentry: eng/peregrination__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peregrination
trans_list: peregrynacja
sense:
(countable, chiefly, theology, archaic) A person's life regarded as a temporary stay on earth and a journey to the afterlife. [from late 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/peregrination__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: peregrination
trans_list: peregrynacja | podróż | wędrówka
sense:
(countable) A journey or trip, especially by foot; also (uncountable) journeying, travelling. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/peregrination__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: peregrination
trans_list: peregrynacja
sense:
(uncountable) Broad or systematic discussion of a subject; (countable) an instance of this; a discourse. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/peremptory__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: peremptory
trans_list: apodyktyczny | dogmatyczny | zdecydowany
sense:
Positive in opinion or judgment; absolutely certain, overconfident, unwilling to hear any debate or argument (especially in a pejorative sense); dogmatic.


lexentry: eng/perennial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: perennial
trans_list: odwieczny
sense:
Continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period; neverending or never failing; perpetual, unceasing.


lexentry: eng/perennial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: perennial
trans_list: wieloletni
sense:
(botany) Of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons.


lexentry: eng/perennial__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perennial
trans_list: bylina | roślina wieloletnia
sense:
(botany) A plant that is active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons.


lexentry: eng/perestroika__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perestroika
trans_list: pieriestrojka | pierestrojka
sense:
(historical, uncountable) A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev.


lexentry: eng/perfect__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: perfect
trans_list: doskonały
sense:
(obsolete, _, outside set of phrases, of a person) Having thoroughly learned or memorized a lesson; of a lesson: having been thoroughly learned or memorized.


lexentry: eng/perfect_fifth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfect fifth
trans_list: kwinta czysta
sense:
(music) An interval equal to that of between the second and third harmonics of the harmonic series. In twelve-tone equal temperament, it spans seven semitones or five degrees of the diatonic scale.


lexentry: eng/perfect_pitch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfect pitch
trans_list: słuch absolutny
sense:
(music, uncountable) The ability to identify a note by name on hearing it, or to re-create a specified note from memory, without the benefit of an externally provided reference pitch.


lexentry: eng/perfect_tense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfect tense
trans_list: doskonały
sense:
A verb form indicating that an action or state has been completed at the present time, in the past, or shall be completed in the future.


lexentry: eng/perfection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfection
trans_list: doskonałość | perfekcja
sense:
The quality or state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing substandard remains; the highest attainable state or degree of excellence.


lexentry: eng/perfectionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfectionist
trans_list: perfekcjonista | perfekcjonistka
sense:
Someone who is unwilling to settle for anything that is not perfect or does not meet extremely high standards. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/perfective_aspect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfective aspect
trans_list: aspekt dokonany
sense:
(grammar) A feature of the verb which denotes viewing the event the verb describes as a completed whole, rather than from within the event as it unfolds. For example, "she sat down" as opposed to "she was sitting down". Since the focus is on the completion of what is expressed by the verb, this aspect is generally associated with the past and future tenses. This term is often used interchangeably with aorist aspect. This is not to be confused with the perfect tense.


lexentry: eng/perfidious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfidious
trans_list: perfidny
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or representing perfidy; disloyal to what should command one's fidelity or allegiance. [from late 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/perform__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: perform
trans_list: wykonać
sense:
(ambitransitive) To do (something) in front of an audience, such as acting or music, often in order to entertain.


lexentry: eng/performance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: performance
trans_list: wykonanie
sense:
The act of performing; carrying into execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment; representation by action.


lexentry: eng/performance_art__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: performance art
trans_list: performans
sense:
(arts) A form of art in which the artist creates a live performance, often using a variety of media.


lexentry: eng/performance_metric__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: performance metric
trans_list: kluczowe mierniki dokonań | ﻿kluczowe wskaźniki efektywności
sense:
(business) A measurement of performance, often financial performance, either against peers or against a predetermined target.


lexentry: eng/perfume__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfume
trans_list: perfumy | zapach | woń | aromat
sense:
A pleasant smell; the scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor.


lexentry: eng/pergola__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pergola
trans_list: pergola
sense:
A framework in the form of a passageway of columns that supports a trelliswork roof; used to support and train climbing plants.


lexentry: eng/periastron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: periastron
trans_list: peryastron
sense:
(astronomy) That point of the orbit of a celestial body which is closest to the star around which the body is orbiting.


lexentry: eng/peridotite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peridotite
trans_list: perydotyty
sense:
(geology) A rock consisting of small crystals of olivine, pyroxene and hornblende; the major constituent of the Earth's mantle.


lexentry: eng/perigee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perigee
trans_list: perygeum
sense:
(astronomy) The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is closest to the Earth: the periapsis of an Earth orbiter.


lexentry: eng/perihelion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perihelion
trans_list: peryhelium
sense:
(astronomy) The point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, planet, etc., where it is nearest to the Sun.


lexentry: eng/perimenopause__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perimenopause
trans_list: perimenopauza
sense:
The physiological stage that women approaching menopause go through when, due to hormonal changes, they progress from their usual pattern of menstruation through a phase of atypical menstruation, and finally cease menstruating. Perimenopause ends when a woman has not menstruated for a year.


lexentry: eng/perineal_raphe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perineal raphe
trans_list: szew krocza
sense:
(anatomy) The visible line that extends from the anus, through the mid-line of the scrotum and upwards through the posterior mid-line aspect of the penis


lexentry: eng/period__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: period
trans_list: kropka
sense:
(now, chiefly, North America, Philippines) The punctuation mark “.” (indicating the ending of a sentence or marking an abbreviation).


lexentry: eng/period__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: period
trans_list: okres | cykl | period
sense:
The length of time during which the same characteristics of a periodic phenomenon recur, such as the repetition of a wave or the rotation of a planet. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/period__Noun__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: period
trans_list: okres | period
sense:
(rhetoric) A complete sentence, especially one expressing a single thought or making a balanced, rhythmic whole. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/period__Noun__1
sense_num: 16
written_rep: period
trans_list: okres | lekcja
sense:
(geology) A geochronologic unit of millions to tens of millions of years; a subdivision of an era, and subdivided into epochs.


lexentry: eng/periodic_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: periodic function
trans_list: funkcja okresowa
sense:
(mathematics) Any function whose value repeats after the regular addition of a period to its independent variable; i.e., a function ƒ such that, for some positive constant p, ƒ(x + p) = ƒ(x) for all x.


lexentry: eng/periodic_table__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: periodic table
trans_list: układ okresowy pierwiastków | układ okresowy | tablica Mendelejewa
sense:
(chemistry) A tabular chart of the chemical elements according to their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties are in the same group (column).


lexentry: eng/periodical__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: periodical
trans_list: periodyk | czasopismo
sense:
A regularly issued thematic publication that contains the most current information in its field, often the primary means for communication of original scholarship or creative work at the cutting edge of research in its field.


lexentry: eng/periodontitis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: periodontitis
trans_list: choroby przyzębia
sense:
(dentistry, periodontology) A serious form or stage of periodontal disease which may lead to loss of bone and falling out of teeth.


lexentry: eng/peripheral_device__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peripheral device
trans_list: urządzenie peryferyjne
sense:
(computer hardware) An electronic device that is outside the computer's system unit (external to the computer's enclosing case), but used by the computer to which it is connected, such as a printer or a scanner.


lexentry: eng/periplus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: periplus
trans_list: opłynięcie
sense:
(literature) An account of a voyage, particularly those of Hanno and Arrian, recording ports and coastal landmarks. [1613]


lexentry: eng/periscope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: periscope
trans_list: peryskop
sense:
A form of viewing device that allows the viewer to see things at a different height level and usually with minimal visibility.


lexentry: eng/perissodactyl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perissodactyl
trans_list: nieparzystokopytny
sense:
Any ungulate mammal with an odd number of toes and belonging to the Perissodactyla, an equid, a tapir, or a rhinoceros.


lexentry: eng/peristalsis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peristalsis
trans_list: perystaltyka
sense:
(medicine) The rhythmic, wave-like contraction and relaxation of muscles so as to propagate motion, as of food in the digestive tract.


lexentry: eng/peristyle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peristyle
trans_list: perystyl
sense:
A colonnade surrounding a courtyard, temple, etc., or the yard enclosed by such columns. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/peritoneal_dialysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peritoneal dialysis
trans_list: dializa otrzewnowa
sense:
(medicine) A treatment for patients with severe chronic kidney disease in which fluids are exchanged from the blood in the patient's peritoneum in the abdomen.


lexentry: eng/peritoneum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peritoneum
trans_list: otrzewna
sense:
(anatomy) In mammals, the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and that is folded over the viscera.


lexentry: eng/peritonitis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peritonitis
trans_list: zapalenie otrzewnej
sense:
(pathology) Inflammation of the peritoneum, especially when caused by an infectious organism introduced into the abdominal cavity.


lexentry: eng/permaculture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: permaculture
trans_list: permakultura
sense:
(agriculture) Any system of sustainable agriculture that renews natural resources and enriches local ecosystems. [from 1978]


lexentry: eng/permanent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: permanent
trans_list: trwała | trwała ondulacja
sense:
A chemical hair treatment imparting or removing curliness, whose effects typically last for a period of weeks; a perm.


lexentry: eng/permanent_magnet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: permanent magnet
trans_list: magnes permanentny
sense:
(physics) A material, or piece of such material, which retains its magnetism even when not subjected to any external magnetic fields.


lexentry: eng/permanent_resident__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: permanent resident
trans_list: stała mieszkanka | stały mieszkaniec
sense:
A person with permanent residency, a visa status which allows that person to reside indefinitely in a foreign country without acquiring citizenship in that country.


lexentry: eng/permeable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: permeable
trans_list: przemakalny | przepuszczalny
sense:
(by extension) Allowing the passage of persons, information, or other things, especially when such passage occurs despite hopes or expectations otherwise.


lexentry: eng/permeate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: permeate
trans_list: przenikać
sense:
(transitive) To pass through the pores or interstices of; to penetrate and pass through without causing rupture or displacement; applied especially to fluids which pass through substances of loose texture


lexentry: eng/pernoctation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pernoctation
trans_list: nocleg
sense:
(uncountable) The action of abiding through the night at a location; (countable) an instance of this; an overnight stay.


lexentry: eng/peroration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peroration
trans_list: streszczenie
sense:
The concluding section of a discourse, either written or oral, in which the orator or writer sums up and commends his topic to his audience, particularly as used in the technical sense of a component of ancient Roman oratorical delivery.


lexentry: eng/peroxide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peroxide
trans_list: nadtlenek
sense:
(inorganic chemistry) A divalent radical or anion containing two oxygen atoms linked by a covalent bond; any substance containing this group yields hydrogen peroxide when treated with an acid.


lexentry: eng/perpetual_motion_machine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perpetual motion machine
trans_list: perpetuum mobile
sense:
(physics, pseudoscience) A hypothetical, pseudoscientific device that exhibits perpetual motion, especially one that does useful work with no input of energy.


lexentry: eng/perpetual_motion_machine_of_the_second_kind__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perpetual motion machine of the second kind
trans_list: perpetuum mobile drugiego stopnia
sense:
(physics, pseudoscience) A perpetual motion machine that spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work.


lexentry: eng/perpetuate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perpetuate
trans_list: uwiecznić | uwieczniać
sense:
(transitive) To make (something) perpetual; to make (something) continue for an indefinite time; also, to preserve (something) from extinction or oblivion.


lexentry: eng/persecute__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: persecute
trans_list: prześladować
sense:
To pursue in a manner to do harm or cruelty to; especially, because of the victim's race, sexual identity, or adherence to a particular belief.


lexentry: eng/persevere__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: persevere
trans_list: wytrwać | dotrwać
sense:
(intransitive) To persist steadfastly in pursuit of an undertaking, task, journey, or goal, even if hindered by distraction, difficulty, obstacles, or discouragement.


lexentry: eng/persimmon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: persimmon
trans_list: persymona | hurma | hebanowiec | kaki | szaron
sense:
The orange fruit of any of various species of trees in the genus Diospyros, especially Diospyros kaki (the kaki or Japanese persimmon) or Diospyros virginiana (the wild American persimmon), which is sweet when ripe and astringent when immature.


lexentry: eng/persimmon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: persimmon
trans_list: persymona | hurma | kaki | hebanowiec | szaron
sense:
The tree this fruit grows on, generally one of two species of ebony: Diospyros kaki (Asian) or Diospyros virginiana (North American).


lexentry: eng/persistent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: persistent
trans_list: trwały
sense:
(computing) Of data or a data structure: not transient or temporary, but remaining in existence after the termination of the program that creates it.


lexentry: eng/person-to-person__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: person-to-person
trans_list: osoba
sense:
(telephony) Of a telephone call, such that the caller is only connected and charged if the person he specified is available to speak.


lexentry: eng/person__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: person
trans_list: człowiek | istota ludzka | osoba
sense:
(in a compound noun or noun phrase) A human of unspecified gender (in terms usually constructed with man or woman).


lexentry: eng/person__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: person
trans_list: miłośnik | zwolennik
sense:
(in a compound noun or noun phrase) Someone who likes or has an affinity for (a specified thing). [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/person__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: person
trans_list: osoba | persona
sense:
(grammar) A linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom they are speaking. See grammatical person. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/personal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: personal
trans_list: osobisty | personalny
sense:
Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals


lexentry: eng/personal_effect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personal effect
trans_list: rzeczy osobiste
sense:
(usually, in the plural) An item of personal property that one carries on one's person, including identification, jewelry, and clothing.


lexentry: eng/personal_lubricant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personal lubricant
trans_list: lubrykant
sense:
Any lubricant used during human sexual activity to reduce friction between body parts, or between body parts and other objects.


lexentry: eng/personal_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personal space
trans_list: przestrzeń osobista
sense:
The physical space closely surrounding a person, which can lead to discomfort, anger or anxiety if encroached on.


lexentry: eng/personal_trainer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personal trainer
trans_list: trener osobisty | trener personalny
sense:
Someone employed to help another with their fitness, especially by means of a personalised diet program and exercise regime.


lexentry: eng/personal_union__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personal union
trans_list: unia personalna
sense:
(politics, historical) The situation of two or more states sharing the same monarch, usually also with shared dynastic succession.


lexentry: eng/personal_union__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: personal union
trans_list: unia hipostatyczna
sense:
(theology, Christian theology) Hypostatic union; the union of Christ's humanity and divinity in one individual existence (person).


lexentry: eng/personality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personality
trans_list: osobowość
sense:
(of people) A set of non-physical psychological and social qualities that make one person distinct from another.


lexentry: eng/personality_disorder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personality disorder
trans_list: zaburzenie osobowości
sense:
(psychiatry) Any of a class of mental disorders characterized by ongoing rigid patterns of thought and action.


lexentry: eng/personify__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: personify
trans_list: animizować
sense:
(transitive) To create a representation of (an abstract quality) in the form of a character or persona.


lexentry: eng/personnel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personnel
trans_list: personel | kadra
sense:
Collection of people in an organization, such as employees and office staff, members of the military, etc.


lexentry: eng/persuade__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: persuade
trans_list: przekonać | przekonywać
sense:
(transitive, now, rare, regional) To urge, plead; to try to convince (someone to do something). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/persuasion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: persuasion
trans_list: perswazja
sense:
The act of persuading, or trying to do so; the addressing of arguments to someone with the intention of changing their mind or convincing them of a certain point of view, course of action etc. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/peruke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peruke
trans_list: peruka
sense:
A wig, especially one with long hair on the sides and back, worn mainly by men in the 17th and 18th centuries.


lexentry: eng/pescetarianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pescetarianism
trans_list: peskatarianizm
sense:
A dietary choice in which a person, known as a pescetarian, eats any combination of vegetables, fruit, nuts, beans and fish or seafood, but not mammals or birds. Some animal products, such as eggs and dairy, may or may not be part of the diet.


lexentry: eng/peso__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peso
trans_list: peso
sense:
(historical) A former unit of currency in Spain and Spain's colonies, worth 8 reales; the Spanish dollar.


lexentry: eng/pesticide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pesticide
trans_list: pestycyd
sense:
Anything, especially a synthetic substance but also any substance (e.g. sulfur), or virus, bacterium, or other organism, which kills or suppresses the activities of pests.


lexentry: eng/pesto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pesto
trans_list: pesto
sense:
A sauce, especially for pasta, originating from the Genoa region in Italy, made from basil, garlic, pine nuts, olive oil and cheese (usually pecorino).


lexentry: eng/pet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pet
trans_list: zwierzę domowe
sense:
An animal kept as a companion or otherwise for pleasure, rather than for some practical benefit or use.


lexentry: eng/pet_shop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pet shop
trans_list: sklep zoologiczny
sense:
A shop that sells animals kept as domestic pets, and products for caring for and feeding them. [from 1927]


lexentry: eng/petal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petal
trans_list: płatek | płatek korony
sense:
(botany) One of the component parts of the corolla of a flower. It applies particularly, but not necessarily only, when the corolla consists of separate parts, that is when the petals are not connately fused. Petals are often brightly colored.


lexentry: eng/petasus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petasus
trans_list: petasos
sense:
(historical) A broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by the Ancient Greeks and Romans, especially for travelling, and as often pictured to be worn by Hermes (or Mercury); (later also) the brimless winged cap worn by Hermes in later artistic depictions. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/peter_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peter out
trans_list: zamierać | zamrzeć | zanikać | zaniknąć
sense:
(intransitive, originally, US) Synonym of peter (“to diminish to nothing, (originally) to refer to a vein of ore”).


lexentry: eng/petite_bourgeoisie__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: petite bourgeoisie
trans_list: drobnomieszczaństwo
sense:
(Marxism) An aspirational socio-economic class comprising small-scale capitalists such as small-business owners, managers, and some skilled professionals.


lexentry: eng/petition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petition
trans_list: petycja
sense:
A formal written request made by an individual or a group of people to a sovereign or political authority, often containing many signatures, soliciting some grace, right, mercy, or the redress of some wrong or grievance. [from early 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/petition__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: petition
trans_list: petycja
sense:
(law, by extension) A formal written application made to a magistrate or court for an order or a suit for divorce. [from 1730s]


lexentry: eng/petrification__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petrification
trans_list: petryfikacja
sense:
Turning to stone: the process of replacement of the organic residues of plants (and animals) with insoluble salts, with the original shape and topography being retained.


lexentry: eng/petrochemistry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petrochemistry
trans_list: petrochemia
sense:
(petrochemistry) The branch of chemistry that deals with petroleum, natural gas and their derivatives.


lexentry: eng/petrodollar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petrodollar
trans_list: petrodolar
sense:
(oil industry, mostly, in the plural, also, attributively) Money (either notionally or specifically in dollars or other currencies) earned from the sale of oil, often especially as considered among a national economy's principal revenue streams.


lexentry: eng/petroleum_jelly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petroleum jelly
trans_list: wazelina
sense:
A pale yellow semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum; used in lubricants and ointments.


lexentry: eng/petticoat__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: petticoat
trans_list: halka
sense:
A light woman's undergarment worn under a dress or skirt, and hanging either from the shoulders or (now especially) from the waist; a kind of slip, worn to make the skirt fuller, or for extra warmth.


lexentry: eng/petty_larceny__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petty larceny
trans_list: drobna kradzież
sense:
(legal) A misdemeanor larceny; an act of theft wherein the amount stolen is insufficient to constitute grand larceny.


lexentry: eng/petty_officer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petty officer
trans_list: bosman | starszy bosman
sense:
A non-commissioned officer in the Canadian, US and UK Navy and the US Coast Guard; roughly equivalent to a sergeant in the army


lexentry: eng/petty_theft__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petty theft
trans_list: drobna kradzież
sense:
A theft of property having a value lower than a certain small amount set forth in a statute, and considered to be a less serious class of crime.


lexentry: eng/pew__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pew
trans_list: ławka
sense:
Any structure shaped like a church pew, such as a stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in a theatre; or a pen or sheepfold.


lexentry: eng/peyote__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peyote
trans_list: pejotl
sense:
A small, spineless cactus (Lophophora williamsii) found from southwest United States to central Mexico that produces buttonlike tubercles that can be chewed for their psychedelic effect, primarily from the drug mescaline.


lexentry: eng/phagocyte__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phagocyte
trans_list: fagocyt
sense:
(cytology) A cell of the immune system, such as a neutrophil, macrophage or dendritic cell, that engulfs and destroys viruses, bacteria and waste materials, or in the case of mature dendritic cells; displays antigens from invading pathogens to cells of the lymphoid lineage.


lexentry: eng/phalanx__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phalanx
trans_list: falanga
sense:
(historical, plural phalanxes) An ancient Greek and Macedonian military unit that consisted of several ranks and files (lines) of soldiers in close array with joined shields and long spears.


lexentry: eng/phalanx__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: phalanx
trans_list: falanga
sense:
(plural phalanxes or (rare) phalanges) A large group of people, animals or things, compact or closely massed, or tightly knit and united in common purpose.


lexentry: eng/phalarope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phalarope
trans_list: płatkonóg
sense:
Any of three small wading birds in the genus Phalaropus, of the family Scolopacidae, that have lobed toes.


lexentry: eng/phalloplasty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phalloplasty
trans_list: falloplastyka
sense:
(surgery) Plastic surgery to construct or repair a penis, performed to repair injury or as part of sex reassignment surgery.


lexentry: eng/phantom__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phantom
trans_list: fantom
sense:
Something apparently seen, heard, or sensed, but having no physical reality; an image that appears only in the mind; an illusion or delusion.


lexentry: eng/phantom_limb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phantom limb
trans_list: kończyna fantomowa
sense:
(pathology) The false sensation, which is often painful, that an amputated limb is still present and attached.


lexentry: eng/phantom_pain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phantom pain
trans_list: ból fantomowy
sense:
(medicine, pathology) A sensation of pain coming from a part of the body that has been amputated, or in which the nerves have been destroyed.


lexentry: eng/pharaoh__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pharaoh
trans_list: faraon
sense:
(historical) The supreme ruler of Ancient Egypt; a formal address for the sovereign seat of power as personified by the "king" in an institutional role of Horus son of Osiris; often used by metonymy for Ancient Egyptian sovereignty


lexentry: eng/pharisaism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pharisaism
trans_list: faryzeizm
sense:
(chiefly, Christianity) Rigid observance of external forms of religion without genuine piety; hypocrisy in religion; a censorious, self-righteous spirit in matters of morals or manners.


lexentry: eng/pharmacokinetics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pharmacokinetics
trans_list: farmakokinetyka
sense:
(pharmacology) A branch of pharmacology concerned with the rate at which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body.


lexentry: eng/pharmacology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pharmacology
trans_list: farmakologia
sense:
The science of drugs, including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.


lexentry: eng/pharmacovigilance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pharmacovigilance
trans_list: nadzór farmakologiczny
sense:
(medicine, pharmacology) The detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects of medicines. [from 1970s]


lexentry: eng/pharmacy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pharmacy
trans_list: farmacja | aptekarstwo | farmaceutyka
sense:
(uncountable) The science of medicinal substances, inclusive of pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, phytochemistry, and forensics.


lexentry: eng/pharyngeal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pharyngeal
trans_list: gardło
sense:
(phonetics) Articulated with the pharynx; a term usually describing a consonant which is articulated by the rear area of the tongue being raised to below the region between the uvula and the pharyngeal wall. The term cannot apply to a plosive or stop consonant.


lexentry: eng/pharynx__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pharynx
trans_list: gardło
sense:
(anatomy) The part of the alimentary canal and respiratory tract that extends from the back of the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus.


lexentry: eng/phascogale__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phascogale
trans_list: myszowór
sense:
Any of several Australian dasyurid marsupials, of the genus Phascogale, the males of which die shortly after mating.


lexentry: eng/phase-shift_keying__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phase-shift keying
trans_list: kluczowanie fazy | modulacja PSK
sense:
A form of phase modulation in which digital information is transmitted through discrete changes of the phase of a carrier wave.


lexentry: eng/phase__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: phase
trans_list: faza
sense:
(astronomy) A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form, or the absence, of a body's illuminated disk. Illustrated in Wikipedia's article Lunar phase.


lexentry: eng/phase__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: phase
trans_list: faza
sense:
(physics) Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.


lexentry: eng/phase_diagram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phase diagram
trans_list: wykres fazowy
sense:
(physics, chemistry) A graph, with axes representing temperature and pressure, showing the equilibrium conditions for a given substance to be a solid, liquid or gas.


lexentry: eng/phase_modulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phase modulation
trans_list: modulacja fazy
sense:
A method of sending information by modifying (modulating) the difference in phase (fraction of a wave length) between a signal and a reference.


lexentry: eng/phase_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phase out
trans_list: wyrzec siẹ
sense:
(transitive) To remove or relinquish the use of (something) little by little, either via discrete diminishing phases or (by extension) by continuous gradations; to remove in phases, or as if by phases (gradually).


lexentry: eng/phase_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phase space
trans_list: przestrzeń fazowa
sense:
(mathematics, physics, dynamical system theory) Given a (dynamical) system, any topological space such that every point in the space's underlying set uniquely represents a state of the system and every possible state is represented by some point;(less formally) the underlying set of such a topological space.


lexentry: eng/phase_transition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phase transition
trans_list: przemiana fazowa
sense:
(physics) The transition between thermodynamic phases of a physical system, especially one between the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a substance.


lexentry: eng/phase_velocity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phase velocity
trans_list: prędkość fazowa
sense:
(physics) The velocity of propagation of a pure sine wave of infinite extent and infinitesimal amplitude.


lexentry: eng/phasmid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phasmid
trans_list: patyczak | straszyk
sense:
(entomology) Any insect of the order Phasmida: a leaf insect or walking stick (stick insect). [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/phasor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phasor
trans_list: wskaz
sense:
(sciences, engineering) A plotted line whose length and angle represent the amplitude and phase, respectively, of a sinusoidally varying quantity such as an alternating current.


lexentry: eng/phatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phatic
trans_list: fatyczny
sense:
(linguistics) Pertaining to words used to convey any kind of social relationship and whose meaning is otherwise either deemphasized or absent.


lexentry: eng/pheasant's_eye__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pheasant's eye
trans_list: miłek
sense:
Any of genus Adonis of flowering plants in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae), native to Europe and Asia, particularly


lexentry: eng/phenacetin__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phenacetin
trans_list: acetfenetydyna | fenacetyna
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A specific antipyretic drug, also called acetophenetidin, with the formula C10H13NO2.


lexentry: eng/phencyclidine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phencyclidine
trans_list: fencyklidyna
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic compound derived from piperidine, used as a veterinary anesthetic and in hallucinogenic drugs such as angel dust.


lexentry: eng/phenol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phenol
trans_list: fenol
sense:
(organic compound, uncountable) A caustic, poisonous, white crystalline compound, C6H5OH, derived from benzene and used in resins, plastics, and pharmaceuticals and in dilute form as a disinfectant and antiseptic; once called carbolic acid


lexentry: eng/phenol__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phenol
trans_list: fenol
sense:
(organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of aromatic organic compounds having at least one hydroxyl group attached directly to the benzene ring (or other aromatic ring)


lexentry: eng/phenolic_resin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phenolic resin
trans_list: fenoplast
sense:
(chemistry) Any of a particular class of thermosetting resin made through the condensation of phenol (or a phenol derivative) with an aldehyde.


lexentry: eng/phenomenography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phenomenography
trans_list: fenomenografia
sense:
A qualitative methodology applied in educational research that investigates the qualitatively different ways in which people experience something or think about something.


lexentry: eng/phenomenology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phenomenology
trans_list: fenomenologia
sense:
(philosophy) The study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view.


lexentry: eng/phenomenon__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: phenomenon
trans_list: fenomen | zjawisko
sense:
(philosophy, chiefly, Kantian, _, idealism) An experienced object whose constitution reflects the order and conceptual structure imposed upon it by the human mind (especially by the powers of perception and understanding).


lexentry: eng/phenotype__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phenotype
trans_list: fenotyp
sense:
(genetics, evolutionary theory) The appearance of an organism based on a multifactorial combination of genetic traits and environmental factors, especially used in pedigrees.


lexentry: eng/phenyl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phenyl
trans_list: fenyl
sense:
(organic compound) A univalent hydrocarbon radical, C6H5 (benzene minus one hydrogen atom), and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives.


lexentry: eng/phenylalanine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phenylalanine
trans_list: fenyloalanina
sense:
(amino acid) An essential amino acid C9H11NO2 found in most animal proteins; it is essential for growth; the inability to metabolize it leads to phenylketonuria; it is a constituent of aspartame.


lexentry: eng/pheromone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pheromone
trans_list: feromon
sense:
(biology) A chemical secreted by an animal, especially an insect, that affects the development or behavior of other members of the same species, functioning often as a means of attracting a member of the opposite sex.


lexentry: eng/philanthropy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philanthropy
trans_list: filantropia
sense:
(chiefly, _, uncountable) Benevolent altruism with the intention of increasing the well-being of humankind.


lexentry: eng/philhellenism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philhellenism
trans_list: filhellenizm
sense:
A 19th-century intellectual movement which supported the independence of Greece from the Ottoman Empire.


lexentry: eng/philistine__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philistine
trans_list: filisterski
sense:
(derogatory) Ignorant or uneducated; specifically, lacking appreciation for or antagonistic towards art or culture, and having pedestrian tastes.


lexentry: eng/philistine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philistine
trans_list: filister
sense:
(derogatory) A person who is ignorant or uneducated; specifically, a person who lacks appreciation of or is antagonistic towards art or culture, and who has pedestrian tastes.


lexentry: eng/philo-Semitism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philo-Semitism
trans_list: filosemityzm
sense:
Interest in or appreciation of Jewish people, their history, or the influence of Judaism, particularly on the part of a gentile.


lexentry: eng/philodendron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philodendron
trans_list: filodendron
sense:
Any of several climbing plants, of the genus Philodendron, native to America and the West Indies that are often grown as house plants.


lexentry: eng/philologist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philologist
trans_list: filolog | filolożka
sense:
A person who engages in philology (historical linguistics), especially as a profession; a collector of words and their etymologies.


lexentry: eng/philosopher's_stone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philosopher's stone
trans_list: kamień filozoficzny | tynktura
sense:
(alchemy) A supposed substance able to turn base metals, such as lead or mercury, into gold or silver, also sometimes claimed to cure any illness (as panacea) or confer immortality (as elixir of life), among other functions.


lexentry: eng/philosopher__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: philosopher
trans_list: filozof | filozofka | mędrzec
sense:
(archaic) A person who applies the principles of philosophy to the conduct of their life, as by acting calmly and rationally in the face of inevitable change.


lexentry: eng/philosopher__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: philosopher
trans_list: filozof | filozofka | mędrzec
sense:
(archaic) A student, scholar, or expert in any branch of knowledge, especially those branches studied prior to being considered part of pure science.


lexentry: eng/philosophy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philosophy
trans_list: filozofia
sense:
(uncountable) An academic discipline that seeks truth through reasoning rather than empiricism, often attempting to provide explanations relating to general concepts such as existence and rationality.


lexentry: eng/philter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philter
trans_list: napój miłosny
sense:
A kind of potion, charm, or drug; especially a love potion intended to make the drinker fall in love with the giver. [from the 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/phimosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phimosis
trans_list: stulejka
sense:
(symptom) A contraction of the foreskin (either as a stage of development or a pathological condition), which prevents it from being retracted.


lexentry: eng/phlegm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phlegm
trans_list: flegma | śluz
sense:
Viscid mucus produced by the body, later especially mucus expelled from the bronchial passages by coughing. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/phlegmon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phlegmon
trans_list: ropowica
sense:
A solid mass formed by inflamed connective tissue, such as forms around an appendix in appendicitis.


lexentry: eng/phloem__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phloem
trans_list: łyko | floem
sense:
(botany) A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of sugars and nutrients manufactured in the shoot.


lexentry: eng/phlogiston__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phlogiston
trans_list: flogiston
sense:
(chemistry, historical) The hypothetical fiery principle formerly assumed to be a necessary constituent of combustible bodies and to be given up by them in burning.


lexentry: eng/phlogopite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phlogopite
trans_list: flogopit
sense:
(mineral) A mica mineral with the chemical formula KMg3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2, a basic potassium magnesium aluminosilicate, used as an insulator


lexentry: eng/phocomelia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phocomelia
trans_list: fokomelia
sense:
A congenital disorder of the limbs, the affected person being born with abnormally short or missing bones and flipper-like hands or feet.


lexentry: eng/phoenix__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: phoenix
trans_list: feniks
sense:
(Chinese mythology) A mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies; a fenghuang.


lexentry: eng/phon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phon
trans_list: fon
sense:
(acoustics) A unit of apparent loudness, equal in number to the intensity in decibels of a 1,000-hertz tone judged to be as loud as the sound being measured.


lexentry: eng/phone__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phone
trans_list: głoska
sense:
(phonetics) A speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties, considered as a physical event without regard to its place in the phonology of a language.


lexentry: eng/phoneme__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phoneme
trans_list: fonem
sense:
(phonology) An indivisible unit of sound in a given language. A phoneme is an abstraction of the physical speech sounds (phones) and may encompass several different phones.


lexentry: eng/phonemic_merger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phonemic merger
trans_list: utożsamienie
sense:
(phonology) The phenomenon in which two different phonemes merge and become replaced by a single phoneme.


lexentry: eng/phonetic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phonetic
trans_list: część fonetyczna
sense:
(linguistics) In such writing systems as the Chinese writing system, the portion of a phono-semantic character that provides an indication of its pronunciation; contrasted with semantic (which is usually the radical).


lexentry: eng/phonetics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phonetics
trans_list: fonetyka
sense:
(linguistics) The study of the physical sounds of human speech, concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phones), and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception, and their representation by written symbols.


lexentry: eng/phono-semantic_compound__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phono-semantic compound
trans_list: znak fonosemantyczny
sense:
A Chinese character (CJKV character) composed of a component which is related to the meaning the character and another component which is related to the sound of the character.


lexentry: eng/phono-semantic_matching__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phono-semantic matching
trans_list: kalka fonosemantyczna
sense:
(linguistics) The borrowing of a word into one language from another which completely or partially preserves both the original sound and meaning but does so via substitution of etymons.


lexentry: eng/phonology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phonology
trans_list: fonologia
sense:
(uncountable) The study of the way sounds function in languages, including accent, intonation, phonemes, stress, and syllable structure, and which sounds are distinctive units within a language; (countable) the way sounds function within a given language; a phonological system. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/phonology__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phonology
trans_list: fonologia
sense:
(by extension, uncountable) The study of the way components of signs function in a sign language, and which components are distinctive units within the language; (countable) the way components of signs function within a given sign language.


lexentry: eng/phonon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phonon
trans_list: fonon
sense:
(physics) The quantum of acoustic or vibrational energy (sound), considered a discrete particle rather than a wave.


lexentry: eng/phonosemantic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phonosemantic
trans_list: fonosemantyczny
sense:
Combining phonetic and semantic components, as with more than eighty percent of Chinese characters. (a way of creating Han characters by combining a component that indicates the meaning with a component that indicates the pronunciation)


lexentry: eng/phonotactics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phonotactics
trans_list: fonotaktyka
sense:
(linguistics, phonology) A branch of phonology that deals with the restrictions a language applies to combinations of phonemes.


lexentry: eng/phosphonate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phosphonate
trans_list: fosfonian
sense:
(chemistry) Any salt or ester of a phosphonic acid; many of its derivatives have important biological activity.


lexentry: eng/phosphor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phosphor
trans_list: luminofor
sense:
(chemistry) Any of various compounds of transition metals or of rare earths that exhibit phosphorescence.


lexentry: eng/phosphorescent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phosphorescent
trans_list: fosforescencyjny
sense:
Having the property of emitting light for a period of time after the source of excitation is taken away, e.g., in electrostatic storage tubes and cathode-ray tubes.


lexentry: eng/phosphoric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phosphoric
trans_list: fosfor
sense:
(chemistry) Pertaining to the element phosphorus; containing phosphorus, especially in its higher valency (5). [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/phosphoric_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phosphoric acid
trans_list: kwas fosforowy
sense:
(inorganic compound) A colourless, odourless solid, H3PO4, often in solution as a syrupy liquid, used in the manufacture of fertilizers, detergents and pharmaceuticals and as an additive in cola drinks.


lexentry: eng/phosphorus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phosphorus
trans_list: fosfor
sense:
(chemistry) a chemical element (symbol P) with an atomic number of 15, that exists in several allotropic forms.


lexentry: eng/phosphorylation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phosphorylation
trans_list: fosforylacja
sense:
(biochemistry) the process of transferring a phosphate group from a donor to an acceptor; often catalysed by enzymes.


lexentry: eng/photic_zone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photic zone
trans_list: strefa fotyczna
sense:
The part of the near-surface body of an ocean or lake that receives enough sunlight for photosynthesis to be possible.


lexentry: eng/photo_finish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photo finish
trans_list: wyłonienie zwycięzcy biegu za pomocą fotokomórki
sense:
(sports) The finish of a race in which the leaders are so close together that the winner cannot be identified using the naked eye but is determined by means of a photograph.


lexentry: eng/photoconductivity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photoconductivity
trans_list: fotoprzewodnictwo
sense:
(physics) The increase in the electrical conductivity of a material as a result of incident electromagnetic radiation.


lexentry: eng/photocopier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photocopier
trans_list: kserokopiarka | ksero | kserograf | fotokopiarka
sense:
A machine which reproduces documents by photographing the original over a glass plate and printing duplicates.


lexentry: eng/photoelectric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photoelectric
trans_list: fotoelektryczny
sense:
Of or relating to the electric effects of electromagnetic radiation, especially the ejection of an electron from a surface by a photon.


lexentry: eng/photoelectric_effect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photoelectric effect
trans_list: fotoefekt
sense:
(physics) The emission of electrons from the surface of a material following the absorption of electromagnetic radiation.


lexentry: eng/photograph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photograph
trans_list: fotografia | zdjęcie | fotka
sense:
(photography) A picture created by projecting an image onto a photosensitive surface such as a chemically treated plate or film, CCD receptor, etc.


lexentry: eng/photon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photon
trans_list: foton
sense:
(particle) The quantum of light and other electromagnetic energy, regarded as a discrete particle having zero rest mass, no electric charge, and an indefinitely long lifetime. It is a gauge boson.


lexentry: eng/photonics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photonics
trans_list: fotonika
sense:
(sciences) The science and technology of generating and controlling photons, particularly in the visible and near infrared light spectrum.


lexentry: eng/photoshop__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photoshop
trans_list: fotoszopować | photoshopować
sense:
(trademark, media, computing, usually, transitive) To digitally edit or alter (a picture or photograph).


lexentry: eng/photosynthesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photosynthesis
trans_list: fotosynteza
sense:
(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any process by which plants and other photoautotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy.


lexentry: eng/photovoltaics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photovoltaics
trans_list: fotowoltaika
sense:
(physics) The technology of the conversion of sunlight into electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect.


lexentry: eng/phrasal_verb__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phrasal verb
trans_list: czasownik frazowy
sense:
(linguistics, more loosely) A phrase, consisting of a verb with a preposition and/or adverb, that has idiomatic meaning.


lexentry: eng/phrase__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phrase
trans_list: fraza | wypowiedzenie
sense:
(grammar) A word or, more commonly, a group of words that functions as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence, always containing an expressed or implied head (the principal word or subgroup, with core importance) and often consisting of a head plus some other elaborating words.


lexentry: eng/phrasing__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phrasing
trans_list: fraza | sformułowanie
sense:
(music) The way the musical phrases are put together in a composition or in its interpretation, with changes in tempo, volume, or emphasizing one or more instruments over others.


lexentry: eng/phrenology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phrenology
trans_list: frenologia
sense:
(medicine, biology, historical) The pseudoscience which studies the relationships between a person's character and the morphology (structure) of the skull.


lexentry: eng/phylactery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phylactery
trans_list: filakterie
sense:
Either of two small leather cases containing scrolls with passages from the Torah, traditionally worn by a Jewish man (one on the arm (usually the left) and one on the forehead) and now sometimes by a woman at certain morning prayers as a reminder to obey the law as set out in the Bible; a tefilla.


lexentry: eng/phylactery__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: phylactery
trans_list: filakterie
sense:
(art, historical) A scroll with words on it depicted as emerging from a person's mouth or held in their hands, indicating what they are singing or speaking; a banderole, a speech scroll.


lexentry: eng/phyllo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phyllo
trans_list: ciasto filo
sense:
A type of dough, originating in Mediterranean cuisine, that is used in thin layers to make pastries (such as baklava and apple strudel) and pies and becomes very flaky when cooked.


lexentry: eng/phylloxera__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phylloxera
trans_list: filoksera
sense:
An insect, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae of the family Phylloxeridae (not the genus Phylloxera), that is very destructive to grape vines; also, the diseased condition of a vine caused by this insect. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/phylogenetics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phylogenetics
trans_list: filogeneza
sense:
(biology, systematics) The study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms, through computational methods that focus on observed heritable traits.


lexentry: eng/phylum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phylum
trans_list: typ
sense:
(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below kingdom and above class; also called a divisio or a division, especially in describing plants; a taxon at that rank


lexentry: eng/physalis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: physalis
trans_list: miechunka
sense:
Fruit of such a plant, a yellow-orange berry, typically firm in texture with a mild, refreshing acidity.


lexentry: eng/physical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: physical
trans_list: fizyczny | cielesny
sense:
Pertaining to the world as understood through the senses rather than the mind; tangible, concrete; real. Having to do with the material world. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/physical_education__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physical education
trans_list: wychowanie fizyczne | gimnastyka | wuef
sense:
An element of an educational curriculum concerned with bodily development, physical health and wellness, strength, physical co-ordination, and agility.


lexentry: eng/physical_quantity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physical quantity
trans_list: wielkość fizyczna
sense:
(physics) A physical property that can be measured or calculated from other physical property and expressed as the product of a numerical value and a physical unit.


lexentry: eng/physician__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physician
trans_list: doktorka | lekarka | medyczka
sense:
A practitioner of physic, i.e. a specialist in internal medicine, especially as opposed to a surgeon; a practitioner who treats with medication rather than with surgery.


lexentry: eng/physicist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physicist
trans_list: fizyk
sense:
A person whose occupation specializes in the science of physics, especially at a professional level.


lexentry: eng/physics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physics
trans_list: fizyka
sense:
The branch of science concerned with the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter and energy.


lexentry: eng/physiography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physiography
trans_list: fizjografia
sense:
(geography) The subfield of geography that studies physical patterns and processes of the Earth. It aims to understand the forces that produce and change rocks, oceans, weather, and global flora and fauna patterns.


lexentry: eng/physiology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physiology
trans_list: fizjologia
sense:
A branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved.


lexentry: eng/physiotherapist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physiotherapist
trans_list: fizjoterapeuta | fizjoterapeutka
sense:
(British, Commonwealth, Irish) A therapist who treats physical injury or dysfunction, usually with exercise.


lexentry: eng/physiotherapy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physiotherapy
trans_list: fizjoterapia
sense:
(British, Commonwealth, Irish) Therapy that uses physical techniques such as massage, ultrasound, heat, and exercise.


lexentry: eng/phytic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phytic acid
trans_list: kwas fitowy
sense:
(organic compound) The compound inositol hexaphosphoric acid present in cereals etc as alkali and alkaline earth salts; it is a source of phosphorus for ruminants but is indigestible for carnivores


lexentry: eng/pi__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pi
trans_list: pi
sense:
(mathematics) An irrational and transcendental constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter; approximately 3.14159265358979323846264338327950; usually written π.


lexentry: eng/piano__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piano
trans_list: pianino | fortepian
sense:
(musical instruments) A percussive keyboard musical instrument, usually ranging over seven octaves, with white and black colored keys, played by pressing these keys, causing hammers to strike strings. [from 1803]


lexentry: eng/piano_nobile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piano nobile
trans_list: piano nobile
sense:
(architecture) The floor of a building where the principal bedrooms and main reception rooms are found, very often on the first or second floor in older buildings.


lexentry: eng/pica__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pica
trans_list: pica
sense:
(pathology, usually, uncountable) A disorder characterized by appetite and craving for non-edible substances, such as chalk, clay, dirt, ice, or sand.


lexentry: eng/piccolo__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: piccolo
trans_list: flet piccolo | piccolo | pikolo | pikulina
sense:
A piccolo flute
 A transverse flute that is smaller than a Western concert flute and pitched nearly an octave higher.


lexentry: eng/piccolo__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: piccolo
trans_list: piccolo
sense:
A bottle of champagne containing 0.1875 litres of fluid, one quarter the volume of a standard bottle.


lexentry: eng/pick__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pick
trans_list: zbierać | zrywać
sense:
To harvest a fruit or vegetable for consumption by removing it from the plant to which it is attached; to harvest an entire plant by removing it from the ground.


lexentry: eng/pick__Verb__1
sense_num: 15
written_rep: pick
trans_list: dłubać | gmerać | grzebać
sense:
(dated, transitive) To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick, as with a pin.


lexentry: eng/pick_one's_nose__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pick one's nose
trans_list: dłubać w nosie
sense:
(idiomatic) To insert a finger or other object into one's nostril to remove obstructions, especially dried mucus.


lexentry: eng/pick_up__Verb__1
sense_num: 15
written_rep: pick up
trans_list: wyhaczać | podrywać | bałamucić | chodzić za kimś | poderwać | podwalać się
sense:
(transitive, and, intransitive, _, with on) To meet and seduce somebody for romantic purposes, especially in a social situation.


lexentry: eng/pick_up_the_pace__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (idiomatic) To begin moving or working faster.
written_rep: pick up the pace
trans_list:
podkręcać tempo | podkręcić tempo | przyspieszać tempo | przyspieszyć tempo | zwiększać tempo | zwiększyć tempo


lexentry: eng/pickaxe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pickaxe
trans_list: kilof | czekan | oskard
sense:
A heavy iron tool with a wooden handle; one end of the head is pointed, the other has a chisel edge.


lexentry: eng/pickelhaube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pickelhaube
trans_list: pikielhauba
sense:
(historical) A spiked helmet worn by German troops, especially during the First World War. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pickle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pickle
trans_list: ogórek kiszony | ogórek w occie
sense:
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia) A cucumber preserved in a solution, usually a brine or a vinegar syrup.


lexentry: eng/pickle__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pickle
trans_list: kisić
sense:
(transitive, ergative) To preserve food (or sometimes other things) in a salt, sugar or vinegar solution.


lexentry: eng/pickling__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pickling
trans_list: dekapowanie | wytrawianie
sense:
A process by which the oxide scale on steel (especially stainless steels) or other metallic objects is chemically removed by strong acids.


lexentry: eng/pickthank__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pickthank
trans_list: potakiwacz
sense:
(sometimes, attributive) A sycophant; one who meddles, tattles, informs (often in order to curry favour).


lexentry: eng/pickup__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pickup
trans_list: przetwornik | przystawka
sense:
An electronic device for detecting sound, vibration, etc., such as one fitted to an electric guitar or record player.


lexentry: eng/pickup__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pickup
trans_list: podryw
sense:
An instance of approaching someone and engaging in romantic flirtation and courting with the intent to pursue romance, a date, or a sexual encounter.


lexentry: eng/pickup__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: pickup
trans_list: znajdźka
sense:
(video games) An item that can be picked up by the player, conferring some benefit or effect; a power-up.


lexentry: eng/picric_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: picric acid
trans_list: kwas pikrynowy
sense:
(organic compound) 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, C6H2(NO2)3, prepared by the nitration of phenol or of aspirin; a toxic, yellow, explosive substance used in dyes, explosives, and as an antiseptic


lexentry: eng/picture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: picture
trans_list: obraz | rysunek
sense:
A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a building) upon canvas, paper, or other surface, by drawing, painting, printing, photography, etc.


lexentry: eng/picture_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: picture card
trans_list: malarka
sense:
A playing card which has a picture on it (usually Jack, Queen or King (coat card), but sometimes including Ace or Joker).


lexentry: eng/picturesque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: picturesque
trans_list: malowniczy
sense:
Resembling or worthy of a picture or painting; having the qualities of a picture or painting; pleasingly beautiful.


lexentry: eng/pidgin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pidgin
trans_list: pidżyn | pidgin | pidżin
sense:
(linguistics) An amalgamation of two disparate languages, used by two populations having no common language as a lingua franca to communicate with each other, lacking formalized grammar and having a small, utilitarian vocabulary and no native speakers.


lexentry: eng/pie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pie
trans_list: ciasto | placek
sense:
A type of pastry that consists of an outer crust and a filling. (Savory pies are more popular in the UK and sweet pies are more popular in the US, so "pie" without qualification has different connotations in these dialects.)


lexentry: eng/pie__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pie
trans_list: ciasto | placek
sense:
Any of various other, non-pastry dishes that maintain the general concept of a shell with a filling.


lexentry: eng/pie_in_the_sky__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pie in the sky
trans_list: zamki na lodzie | marzenie ściętej głowy
sense:
(idiomatic) A fanciful notion; an unrealistic or ludicrous concept; the illusory promise of a desired outcome that is unlikely to happen.


lexentry: eng/piece__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: piece
trans_list: pionek
sense:
(chess) One of the figures used in playing chess, specifically a higher-value figure as distinguished from a pawn; (by extension) those with which draughts, backgammon, and other similar board games are played.


lexentry: eng/piece__Noun__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: piece
trans_list: moneta
sense:
(baseball, uncountable) Used to describe a pitch that has been hit but not well, usually either being caught by the opposing team or going foul. Usually used in the past tense with get.


lexentry: eng/piece_work__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piece work
trans_list: akord
sense:
Work that a worker is paid for according to the number of units produced, rather than the number of hours worked; work done and paid for by the piece or by the job.


lexentry: eng/pied_avocet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pied avocet
trans_list: szablodziób
sense:
Recurvirostra avosetta, a black and white wading bird of temperate Europe and western and central Asia, wintering in Africa and south Asia.


lexentry: eng/pier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pier
trans_list: molo | pomost | pirs
sense:
A raised platform built from the shore out over water, supported on piles; used to secure, or provide access to shipping; a jetty.


lexentry: eng/pier__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pier
trans_list: filar
sense:
(architecture) A rectangular pillar, or similar structure, that supports an arch, wall or roof, or the hinges of a gate.


lexentry: eng/pierogi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pierogi
trans_list: pieróg
sense:
(North America) A square- or crescent-shaped dumpling of unleavened dough, stuffed with sauerkraut, cheese, mashed potatoes, cabbage, onion, meat, or any combination of these, or with a fruit filling.


lexentry: eng/pietism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pietism
trans_list: pietyzm
sense:
(Christianity, often capitalized) A movement in the Lutheran church in the late 17th and 18th centuries, calling for practical and devout Christianity.


lexentry: eng/pig_Latin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pig Latin
trans_list: świńska łacina
sense:
A type of wordplay in which (English) words are altered by moving the leading phonetic of a word to the end and appending -ay [eɪ̯], except when the word begins with a vowel, in which case "-way" [weɪ̯] is suffixed with no leading phonetic change. {| class="examples floatright" style="background-color:var(--wikt-palette-paleblue,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-collapse:separate;padding:5px;width:18em"
! style="text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid var(--wikt-palette-lightgrey,#CCC)" | Examples
|-
| style="font-size:100%;padding-left:10px" |
"please be quiet or I'll cry" becomes "ease-play e-bay iet-quay or-way I'll-way y-cray"
|}


lexentry: eng/pig__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pig
trans_list: świnia
sense:
(countable) Any of several mammalian species of the family Suidae, having cloven hooves, bristles and a snout adapted for digging; especially the domesticated animal Sus domesticus.


lexentry: eng/pig__Noun__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: pig
trans_list: świntuch | świnia
sense:
(engineering) A device for cleaning or inspecting the inside of an oil or gas pipeline, or for separating different substances within the pipeline. Named for the pig-like squealing noise made by their progress.


lexentry: eng/pig_in_a_poke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pig in a poke
trans_list: kot w worku | kupować kota w worku
sense:
(idiomatic) Something whose true value is concealed or unknown and may be lower than expected by the buyer or claimed by the seller, especially something offered for sale.


lexentry: eng/pig_iron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pig iron
trans_list: surówka
sense:
A type of crude, brittle iron shaped like a block, unsuitable for working but suitable for casting, commonly used as an industrial raw material.


lexentry: eng/pigeonhole__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pigeonhole
trans_list: przedmiot
sense:
One of an array of open compartments in a desk, set of shelves, etc., used for sorting and/or storing letters, papers, or other items.


lexentry: eng/pigeonhole__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pigeonhole
trans_list: katalogować
sense:
To place (someone or something) into a notional category or class, especially in a way which makes unjustified assumptions or which is restrictive; to categorize, to classify, to label.


lexentry: eng/pigeonhole_principle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pigeonhole principle
trans_list: zasada szufladkowa
sense:
(mathematics) The theorem which states that any partition of a finite set of n elements into m (< n) subsets (allowing empty subsets) must include a subset with two or more elements; any of certain reformulations concerning the partition of infinite sets where the cardinality of the unpartitioned set exceeds that of the partition (so there is no one-to-one correspondence).


lexentry: eng/pika__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pika
trans_list: szczekuszka
sense:
Any of several small, furry mammals, similar to guinea pigs, but related to rabbits, of the genus Ochotona, from the mountains of North America and Asia.


lexentry: eng/pike__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pike
trans_list: pika | spisa | dzida
sense:
(military, historical) A very long spear used two-handed by infantry soldiers for thrusting (not throwing), both for attacks on enemy foot soldiers and as a countermeasure against cavalry assaults.


lexentry: eng/pilaf__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pilaf
trans_list: pilaw
sense:
A dish made by browning grain, typically rice, in oil and then cooking it with a seasoned broth, to which meat and/or vegetables may be added.


lexentry: eng/pilaster__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pilaster
trans_list: pilaster
sense:
(structural, _, architecture) A column or short wing wall attached to the foundation wall which provides lateral support, or to support a vertical load that does not fall on the foundation wall.


lexentry: eng/pile_driver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pile driver
trans_list: kafar
sense:
A machine for forcing a pile, a long beam, into the ground as part of the construction of a foundation; usually by raising a weight and then dropping it on the beam.


lexentry: eng/pilferage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pilferage
trans_list: podkradanie
sense:
The individual act or recurring practice of stealing items of low value, especially in small quantities, for which the legal term is petty theft.


lexentry: eng/pill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pill
trans_list: pigułka | tabletka | pastylka
sense:
(broadly) A small, usually round or cylindrical object designed for easy swallowing, usually containing some sort of medication.


lexentry: eng/pill__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pill
trans_list: pigułka | tabletka antykoncepcyjna
sense:
(informal, uncountable, definite, i.e. used with "the") Contraceptive medication, usually in the form of a pill to be taken by a woman; an oral contraceptive pill.


lexentry: eng/pill_bug__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pill bug
trans_list: stonoga
sense:
(US) Any of very many terrestrial crustaceans, of the family Armadillidiidae, a subgroup of the woodlice, that can roll themselves up into a protective ball.


lexentry: eng/pill_tile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pill tile
trans_list: płytka do tabletek
sense:
(pharmacy) An implement sometimes graduated with a linear scale and sometimes decorated designed to cut out with it tablets and ointments from an amorphous medicament mass.


lexentry: eng/pillory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pillory
trans_list: dyby | gąsior
sense:
A framework on a post, with holes for the hands and head, used as a means of punishment and humiliation.


lexentry: eng/pillow_word__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pillow word
trans_list: epitet
sense:
In Japanese waka poetry, a poetic device where a certain introductory phrase is commonly used to allude to something else.


lexentry: eng/pilot__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pilot
trans_list: pilot
sense:
A person who knows well the depths and currents of a harbor or coastal area, who is hired by a vessel to help navigate the harbor or coast.


lexentry: eng/pilot__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: pilot
trans_list: pilot
sense:
(television) A sample episode of a proposed TV series produced to decide if it should be made or not. If approved, typically the first episode of an actual TV series.


lexentry: eng/pimento__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pimento
trans_list: pimento
sense:
A red sweet pepper, a cultivar of Capsicum annuum, used to make relish, stuffed into olives, or used as spice.


lexentry: eng/pimp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pimp
trans_list: alfons | sutener
sense:
Someone who solicits customers for prostitution and acts as manager for a group of prostitutes; a pander.


lexentry: eng/pimpernel__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pimpernel
trans_list: kurzyślad
sense:
Any of various plants of the genus Anagallis, having small red, white or purple flowers, especially the scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis). [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/pimple__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pimple
trans_list: pryszcz | krosta
sense:
(dermatology) An inflamed (raised and colored) spot on the surface of the skin that is usually painful and fills with pus.


lexentry: eng/pin-up__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pin-up
trans_list: plakat z nagą modelką
sense:
A photograph, printed in a magazine or other publication, of a sexually attractive person (often nude or provocatively dressed), and intended to be removed and pinned up on a wall.


lexentry: eng/pin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pin
trans_list: szpilka
sense:
A needle without an eye (usually) made of drawn-out steel wire with one end sharpened and the other flattened or rounded into a head, used for fastening.


lexentry: eng/pin__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: pin
trans_list: kręgiel
sense:
A slender object specially designed for use in a specific game or sport, such as skittles or bowling.


lexentry: eng/pin__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: pin
trans_list: związanie
sense:
(chess) Either a scenario in which moving a lesser piece to escape from attack would expose a more valuable piece to being taken instead, or one where moving a piece is impossible as it would place the king in check.


lexentry: eng/pinafore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinafore
trans_list: fartuch
sense:
A sleeveless dress, often similar to an apron, generally worn over other clothes, and most often worn by young girls as an overdress.


lexentry: eng/pinball__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinball
trans_list: flipper
sense:
(games) A game, played on a device with a sloping base (a pinball machine), in which the player operates a spring-loaded plunger to shoot a ball, between obstacles, and attempts to hit targets and score points.


lexentry: eng/pinch__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pinch
trans_list: szczypta
sense:
A small amount of powder or granules, such that the amount could be held between fingertip and thumb tip.


lexentry: eng/pincushion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pincushion
trans_list: poduszeczka | podduszeczka na igły
sense:
(sewing) A device, originally like a small, stuffed cushion, designed to have sewing pins and needles stuck into it to store them safely; some modern pincushions hold the objects magnetically.


lexentry: eng/pine_away__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pine away
trans_list: marnieć w oczach | umierać z rozpaczy
sense:
(intransitive, idiomatic) To mourn or grieve so intensely as to slowly decline in health, vitality or energy.


lexentry: eng/pine_nut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pine nut
trans_list: orzeszek piniowy
sense:
The edible seed of any of several species of evergreen pine, especially Pinus pinea, Pinus cembra, and Pinus cembroides.


lexentry: eng/pineal_gland__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pineal gland
trans_list: szyszynka
sense:
(anatomy, neuroanatomy) A small, pinecone-shaped endocrine gland found near the centre of the brain that produces melatonin.


lexentry: eng/pinery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinery
trans_list: ananasarnia
sense:
A hothouse or (tropical) area used as a plantation for the cultivation of pineapple plants (genus Ananas) and production of their homonymous fruit.


lexentry: eng/pinesap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinesap
trans_list: korzeniówka
sense:
A myco-heterotroph (Monotropa hypopitys), formerly thought to be a saprophyte, having racemes of drooping flowers.


lexentry: eng/pingo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pingo
trans_list: pingo
sense:
(geomorphology) A conical mound of earth with an ice core caused by permafrost uplift, particularly if lasting more than a year. [from 1920s]


lexentry: eng/pingo__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pingo
trans_list: pingo
sense:
(Sri Lanka, dated) A measure of weight equivalent to that which can be carried using a pingo, perhaps about 55 pounds (25 kilograms) (see the 2013 quotation).


lexentry: eng/pink_peppercorn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pink peppercorn
trans_list: różowy pieprz
sense:
The fruit of Schinus molle (and occasionally Schinus terebinthifolia), which is used as a spice similar to pepper.


lexentry: eng/pinko__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinko
trans_list: róża
sense:
(informal, often, derogatory, chiefly, US) A socialist, particularly one who is not completely communist. [from mid-1930s]


lexentry: eng/pinna__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinna
trans_list: małżowina uszna | ucho zewnętrzne
sense:
(anatomy, zoology) The visible part of the ear in most therians that resides outside of the head, the auricle; outer ear excluding the ear canal.


lexentry: eng/pinnacle__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pinnacle
trans_list: pinakiel | sterczyna | fiala
sense:
(architectural element) An upright member, generally ending in a small spire, used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire.


lexentry: eng/pinniped__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinniped
trans_list: płetwonogie
sense:
Any of various large marine mammals belonging to the parvorder Pinnipedia comprising walruses, eared seals and earless seals.


lexentry: eng/pinocytosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinocytosis
trans_list: pinocytoza
sense:
(biology) A form of endocytosis in which material enters a cell through its membrane and is incorporated in vesicles for digestion.


lexentry: eng/pinwheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinwheel
trans_list: wiatraczek
sense:
An artificial flower with a stem, usually plastic, for children: the flower spins round in the wind, like a small paper windmill.


lexentry: eng/pion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pion
trans_list: pion
sense:
(particle) Any of three semistable mesons, having positive, negative or neutral charge, composed of up and down quarks/antiquarks.


lexentry: eng/pioneer__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pioneer
trans_list: pionier | pionierka
sense:
(military) A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and make bridges, as an army advances; a sapper.


lexentry: eng/pioneer__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: pioneer
trans_list: pionier | pionierka
sense:
(Communism) A member of a children’s organization operated by the Communist Party, typically in the second of three stages toward becoming a member of the Party itself.


lexentry: eng/pioneering__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pioneering
trans_list: pionierski | nowatorski
sense:
Involving accomplishments or activities that have not been done before, or developing or using new methods or techniques.


lexentry: eng/pip__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pip
trans_list: pestka
sense:
(UK) A seed inside certain fleshy fruits, such as the stone (pit) of a stonefruit or the smaller seeds of an orange or apple.


lexentry: eng/pipe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pipe
trans_list: fujarka | piszczałka
sense:
(woodwind instrument) A wind instrument consisting of a tube, often lined with holes to allow for adjustment in pitch, sounded by blowing into the tube. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/pipe__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pipe
trans_list: rura
sense:
A rigid tube that transports water, steam, or other fluid, as used in plumbing and numerous other applications. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/pipe__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: pipe
trans_list: potok
sense:
(computing) A mechanism that enables one program to communicate with another by sending its output to the other as input. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/pipe_bomb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pipe bomb
trans_list: rurobomba | bomba rurowa
sense:
An improvised explosive device consisting of blasting powder or other explosive material encased in a metal pipe to increase the blast effect.


lexentry: eng/pipe_dream__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pipe dream
trans_list: marzenie ściętej głowy | miraż | mrzonka
sense:
(idiomatic, originally, US) A desire or idea which is unlikely to materialize, or a plan which is unlikely to work; a near impossibility. [from late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pipe_organ__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pipe organ
trans_list: organy
sense:
(musical instrument) The largest of all musical instruments, played from an organ console. The organ produces its sound by sending air through organ pipes- either reed pipes or flue pipes, which are seated on wind chests. The valves controlling each pipe may be actuated electronically or using long wooden poles called trackers.


lexentry: eng/pipette__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pipette
trans_list: pipeta
sense:
(sciences) A small tube, often with an enlargement or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, used for transferring or delivering measured quantities of a liquid. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pipit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pipit
trans_list: świergotek
sense:
Any of various small passerine birds, mainly from the genus Anthus, that are often drab, ground feeding insectivores of open country.


lexentry: eng/piquet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piquet
trans_list: sztacheta
sense:
(card games) A game of cards for two people, with thirty-two cards, all the deuces, threes, fours, fives, and sixes being set aside.


lexentry: eng/piracy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piracy
trans_list: piractwo
sense:
(crime, nautical) Robbery at sea, a violation of international law; taking a ship away from the control of those who are legally entitled to it.


lexentry: eng/piranha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piranha
trans_list: pirania
sense:
(ichthyology) Any of certain freshwater fish of the subfamily Serrasalminae, native to South America; they are characterised by razor-sharp teeth and a reputation of being ferocious predators (despite most species being omnivorous).


lexentry: eng/pirate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pirate
trans_list: piracki
sense:
Illegally imitated or reproduced, said of a trademarked product or copyrighted work, or of the counterfeit itself.


lexentry: eng/pirate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pirate
trans_list: pirat | korsarz | bukanier
sense:
(crime) A criminal who plunders at sea; commonly attacking merchant vessels, though often pillaging port towns.


lexentry: eng/pirate__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pirate
trans_list: pirat
sense:
(by extension) One who breaks intellectual property laws by reproducing protected works without permission.


lexentry: eng/pirozhki__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pirozhki
trans_list: pirożek
sense:
Small pastries filled with finely chopped meat, vegetables or fruit baked or fried, from eastern European cuisine, or a serving of these.


lexentry: eng/piss_oneself__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: piss oneself
trans_list: poszczać się (ze strachu) | zeszczać się (ze strachu)
sense:
(slang, vulgar, figuratively) To be very scared (to the extent that one might lose control of one's bladder).


lexentry: eng/piss_oneself__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: piss oneself
trans_list: poszczać się (ze śmiechu) | zeszczać się (ze śmiechu)
sense:
(slang, vulgar, figuratively) To laugh uncontrollably (to the extent that one might lose control of one's bladder).


lexentry: eng/pissed_as_a_newt__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (slang, simile) Drunk to the point of incapacity; inebriated.
written_rep: pissed as a newt
trans_list:
nawalony jak Messerschmitt | nawalony jak stodoła | nawalony jak szpadel | pijany jak świnia | zalany w sztok | zalany w trupa


lexentry: eng/pissing_contest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pissing contest
trans_list: konkurs sikania
sense:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see a competition to determine who can urinate the furthest up a wall.


lexentry: eng/pistil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pistil
trans_list: słupek
sense:
(botany) A discrete organ in the center of a flower capable of receiving pollen and producing a fruit, it is divided into an ovary, style and stigma. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/pistol_shrimp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pistol shrimp
trans_list: krewetka pistoletowa
sense:
A shrimp (Alpheidae) which has asymmetrical claws, the larger of which can be used to produce a loud snapping sound and shockwave that can stun or kill its prey.


lexentry: eng/piston__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piston
trans_list: tłok | odrzut
sense:
(mechanics) A solid disk or cylinder that fits inside a hollow cylinder, and moves under pressure (as in an engine) or displaces fluid (as in a pump)


lexentry: eng/piston_engine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piston engine
trans_list: silnik tłokowy
sense:
Any of several types of engine having cylinders containing reciprocating pistons, in which a crankshaft is turned by pistons moving up and down within cylinders; many internal combustion engines and many steam engines have such a mechanism.


lexentry: eng/piston_ring__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piston ring
trans_list: pierścień tłokowy
sense:
A ring or seal that fits around a piston, sealing between the piston and the bore in which it slides.


lexentry: eng/pit__Noun__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: pit
trans_list: dół | jama
sense:
Formerly, that part of a theatre, on the floor of the house, below the level of the stage and behind the orchestra; now, in England, commonly the part behind the stalls; in the United States, the parquet; also, the occupants of such a part of a theatre.


lexentry: eng/pit_stop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pit stop
trans_list: pit stop
sense:
(motor racing) A stop made during an automobile race at the pit to refuel and perform other periodic maintenance on the vehicle.


lexentry: eng/pit_viper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pit viper
trans_list: grzechotnik
sense:
Any of various venomous snakes, of the subfamily Crotalinae, found in Asia and the Americas, with a deep pit or fossa on either side of the head that enables them to detect prey by infrared.


lexentry: eng/pitch-perfect__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pitch-perfect
trans_list: doskonały
sense:
(figurative) Utterly flawless and suitable with respect to appearance, atmosphere or tone, expression, or other characteristics.


lexentry: eng/pitch__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pitch
trans_list: boisko | pole | rzut
sense:
(sports, UK, Australia, NZ) The field on which cricket, soccer, rugby, gridiron or field hockey is played. (In cricket, the pitch is in the centre of the field; see cricket pitch.) (Not often used in the US or Canada, where "field" is the preferred word.)


lexentry: eng/pitch__Noun__2
sense_num: 07
written_rep: pitch
trans_list: odstęp | rozstaw
sense:
The distance between evenly spaced objects, e.g. the teeth of a saw or gear, the turns of a screw thread, the centres of holes, or letters in a monospace font.


lexentry: eng/pitch_accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pitch accent
trans_list: akcent toniczny
sense:
(phonology) Any of a variety of restricted tone systems that use variations in pitch to give prominence to a syllable or mora within a word. The placement of this tone or the way it is realized can give different meanings to otherwise similar words.


lexentry: eng/pitcher__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pitcher
trans_list: dzban | kruża
sense:
A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or handle.


lexentry: eng/pitcher_plant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pitcher plant
trans_list: dzbanecznik | kapturnica
sense:
Any of various insectivorous plants of the genera Sarracenia, Darlingtonia, Heliamphora (in order Ericales); Nepenthes (in order Caryophyllales), or Cephalotus (in order Oxalidales) that have pitcher-like leaves or parts of leaves with slippery sides that attract and trap insects.


lexentry: eng/pitchstone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pitchstone
trans_list: smołowiec
sense:
(geology) a natural glass, rich in microscopic crystallites, formed by the rapid cooling of lava or magma


lexentry: eng/pitfall__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pitfall
trans_list: opuszczać
sense:
(figurative) A potential, unsuspected, hidden problem, hazard, or danger that is easily encountered but not immediately obvious.


lexentry: eng/pitfall__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pitfall
trans_list: potrzask
sense:
(literal) A type of trap consisting of a concealed pit in the ground, which the victim is supposed to fall into and not be able to get out from.


lexentry: eng/pith__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pith
trans_list: medula | miękisz
sense:
The soft, spongy substance inside plant parts; specifically, the parenchyma in the centre of the roots and stems of many plants and trees.


lexentry: eng/piton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piton
trans_list: klin
sense:
(climbing) A spike, wedge, or peg that is driven into a rock or ice surface as a support (as for a mountain climber).


lexentry: eng/pituitary_gland__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pituitary gland
trans_list: przysadka mózgowa | przysadka
sense:
(anatomy) An endocrine gland, about the size of a pea, that sits in a small, bony cavity at the base of the brain whose secretions control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism, and maturation.


lexentry: eng/pivot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pivot
trans_list: rdzeń | sworzeń | trzpień
sense:
A thing on which something turns; specifically a metal pointed pin or short shaft in machinery, such as the end of an axle or spindle.


lexentry: eng/pivot__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pivot
trans_list: sedno
sense:
(figuratively, by extension) Something or someone having a paramount significance in a certain situation.


lexentry: eng/pivot_table__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pivot table
trans_list: tabela przestawna
sense:
(computing) A summary table used for automatic sorting, counting and averaging of the data in another table or spreadsheet.


lexentry: eng/pizza__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pizza
trans_list: pizza
sense:
(uncountable) A baked Italian dish of a thinly rolled bread crust typically topped before baking with tomato sauce, cheese, and other ingredients such as meat or vegetables.


lexentry: eng/pizza_oven__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pizza oven
trans_list: piec do pizzy
sense:
(informal) A wood-fired brick oven with a stone floor in the baking chamber. (From being an oven found in traditional pizzerias, and an accessory built in backyards for pizza)


lexentry: eng/pizza_oven__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pizza oven
trans_list: piec do pizzy
sense:
A specialized infrared oven; a squat thin oven which fits a single pizza, that uses high intensity infrared lamps to rapidly blast and bake a pizza.


lexentry: eng/pizza_saver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pizza saver
trans_list: podpórka do pizzy
sense:
A small device, typically a plastic tripod, used to prevent the top of a food container, such as a pizza box, from collapsing inward.


lexentry: eng/piñata__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piñata
trans_list: piniata
sense:
(Latin American culture) A doll or other decorated container that is filled with candy and hit with a hammer or a stick by blindfolded children during birthday parties or other celebrations until the candy falls out.


lexentry: eng/placard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: placard
trans_list: afisz | plakat | transparent
sense:
A sheet of paper or cardboard with a written or printed announcement on one side for display in a public place.


lexentry: eng/placate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: placate
trans_list: udobruchać
sense:
(transitive) To calm; to bring peace to; to influence someone who was furious to the point that they become content or at least no longer irate.


lexentry: eng/place__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: place
trans_list: kłaść | położyć
sense:
(ergative) To earn a given spot in a competition; to rank at a certain position ((often followed by an ordinal)).


lexentry: eng/place_of_articulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: place of articulation
trans_list: miejsce artykulacji
sense:
(phonetics, of a consonant) The point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active (moving) articulator (typically some part of the tongue) and a passive (stationary) articulator (typically some part of the roof of the mouth).


lexentry: eng/place_of_worship__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: place of worship
trans_list: miejsce modlitwy
sense:
A place, usually a building such as a church, mosque, synagogue or temple where believers can practise their faith.


lexentry: eng/place_setting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: place setting
trans_list: blaszka
sense:
Items of cutlery, crockery and glassware, and sometimes a place mat, arranged for a person at a dining table.


lexentry: eng/placebo_effect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: placebo effect
trans_list: efekt placebo
sense:
(medicine, especially, pharmacology) A phenomenon where a person's health improves after receiving a treatment that has no direct therapeutic mechanism.


lexentry: eng/placeholder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: placeholder
trans_list: symbol zastępczy | zamiennik
sense:
Something used or included temporarily or as a substitute for something that is not known or must remain generic; that which holds, denotes or reserves a place for something to come later.


lexentry: eng/placenta__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: placenta
trans_list: łożysko
sense:
(botany) In flowering plants, the part of the ovary where ovules develop; in non-flowering plants where the spores develop.


lexentry: eng/placozoan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: placozoan
trans_list: płaskowiec
sense:
(zoology) Any of a group of balloon-shaped marine organisms, of the phylum Placozoa, considered to be the simplest living animals.


lexentry: eng/plagiarism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plagiarism
trans_list: plagiat
sense:
(uncountable) Copying of another person's ideas, text, or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially without permission; plagiarizing.


lexentry: eng/plagiarist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plagiarist
trans_list: plagiator | plagiatorka
sense:
One who plagiarizes; or lifts the words, writings, or ideas of another, and passes them off as his or her own, thus engaging in plagiarism; a literary thief


lexentry: eng/plagiarize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plagiarize
trans_list: plagiatować | zrzynać
sense:
(ambitransitive) To use, and pass off as one's own, someone else's writing, speech, ideas, or other intellectual or creative work, especially in an academic context; to commit plagiarism.


lexentry: eng/plague__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plague
trans_list: dżuma
sense:
(often used with the, sometimes capitalized: the Plague) The bubonic plague, the pestilent disease caused by the virulent bacterium Yersinia pestis.


lexentry: eng/plague__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plague
trans_list: plaga
sense:
(pathology) An epidemic or pandemic caused by any pestilence, but specifically by the above disease.


lexentry: eng/plague__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plague
trans_list: mangina
sense:
A widespread affliction, calamity, or destructive influx, especially when seen as divine retribution.


lexentry: eng/plaice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plaice
trans_list: gładzica
sense:
Pleuronectes platessa (European plaice), commonly found in the North Sea and Irish Sea, with smooth brown skin and red or orange spots.


lexentry: eng/plaid__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plaid
trans_list: pled
sense:
A length of such material used as a piece of clothing, formerly worn in the Scottish Highlands and other parts of northern Britain and remaining as an item of ceremonial dress worn by members of Scottish pipe bands. [from 16thc.]


lexentry: eng/plain__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plain
trans_list: prosty
sense:
(computing) Containing no extended or nonprinting characters (especially in plain text). [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/plaintiff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plaintiff
trans_list: powód | powódka
sense:
(law, UK, _, historic, otherwise, current) A party bringing a suit in civil law against a defendant; accuser.


lexentry: eng/plan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plan
trans_list: abrys | schemat
sense:
A drawing showing technical details of a building, machine, etc., with unwanted details omitted, and often using symbols rather than detailed drawing to represent doors, valves, etc.


lexentry: eng/plan__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plan
trans_list: plan
sense:
A two-dimensional drawing of a building as seen from above with obscuring or irrelevant details such as roof removed, or of a floor of a building, revealing the internal layout; as distinct from the elevation.


lexentry: eng/planche__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planche
trans_list: deska
sense:
(gymnastics) A position where the gymnast is horizontal and face-down, using only the hands as support.


lexentry: eng/plane__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plane
trans_list: płaszczyzna
sense:
(geometry) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane); a bounded portion thereof.


lexentry: eng/plane_angle__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plane angle
trans_list: kąt płaski
sense:
(geometry) An angle formed by two intersecting planes, measured by the angle between two intersecting straight lines that are in respective planes and perpendicular to the intersection of the planes.


lexentry: eng/planemo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planemo
trans_list: planemo
sense:
(astronomy) an astronomical object with enough mass to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium, but not enough to initiate core fusion at any time in its existence. That is, it is rounded in shape and is smaller than a star. Planemos include planets, dwarf planets, and the larger moons of the Solar System (satellite planets), but also sub-brown dwarfs and rogue planets between the stars.


lexentry: eng/planer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planer
trans_list: hebel
sense:
(woodworking) A tool which smooths a surface or makes one surface of a workpiece parallel to the tool's bed.


lexentry: eng/planet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planet
trans_list: planeta
sense:
(now, historical, or, astrology) Each of the seven major bodies which move relative to the fixed stars in the night sky—the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. [from 14thc.]


lexentry: eng/planet__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: planet
trans_list: planeta
sense:
(astronomy, historical) Any body that orbits the Sun, including the asteroids (as minor planets) and sometimes the moons of those bodies (as satellite planets)


lexentry: eng/planet__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: planet
trans_list: planeta
sense:
(astronomy, current) A body which is massive enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium (generally resulting in being an ellipsoid) but not enough to attain nuclear fusion and, in IAU usage, which directly orbits a star (or multiple star) and dominates the region of its orbit; specifically, in the case of the Solar system, the eight major bodies of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. [from 2006]


lexentry: eng/planetarium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planetarium
trans_list: planetarium
sense:
A display museum in which images of stars and other astronomical phenomena are projected onto a domed ceiling.


lexentry: eng/planetary_gear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planetary gear
trans_list: przekładnia obiegowa
sense:
A system of gears that has a central gear wheel (sun gear) around which others (planet gears) rotate, often within an outer ring.


lexentry: eng/planetary_nebula__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planetary nebula
trans_list: mgławica planetarna
sense:
(astronomy) A nebulosity surrounding a dying red giant, consisting of material expelled by the star.


lexentry: eng/planetesimal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planetesimal
trans_list: planetozymal
sense:
(astronomy) Any of many small, solid astronomical objects that orbit a star and form protoplanets through mutual gravitational attraction.


lexentry: eng/planned_obsolescence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planned obsolescence
sense:
A policy of deliberately planning or designing a product with a limited useful life, so it will become obsolete or nonfunctional after a certain period.

trans_list:
planowane ograniczenie trwałości produktu | planowane postarzanie produktu | zaplanowana żywotność produktu


lexentry: eng/planner__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: planner
trans_list: organizer
sense:
A notebook or software in which one keeps reminders of items such as appointments, tasks, projects, and contacts.


lexentry: eng/planning_permission__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planning permission
trans_list: projekt budowlany
sense:
(Britain, construction, law) Legal permission granted by a government authority to construct on one's land, or to change the use of the land. [from mid 1940s]


lexentry: eng/plant-based__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plant-based
trans_list: roślinny
sense:
Based on plants; especially, of a diet, consisting mostly or wholly of foods derived from plants; vegan.


lexentry: eng/plant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plant
trans_list: roślina | roślina zielna
sense:
(botany) An organism that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis. Typically a small or herbaceous organism of this kind, rather than a tree.


lexentry: eng/plant__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plant
trans_list: roślina
sense:
(botany) An organism of the kingdom Plantae. Now specifically, a living organism of the Embryophyta (land plants) or of the Chlorophyta (green algae), a eukaryote that includes double-membraned chloroplasts in its cells containing chlorophyll a and b, or any organism closely related to such an organism.


lexentry: eng/plant__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plant
trans_list: roślina
sense:
(ecology) Now specifically, a multicellular eukaryote that includes chloroplasts in its cells, which have a cell wall.


lexentry: eng/plant__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plant
trans_list: sadzić | zasadzić
sense:
(ambitransitive) To place (a seed or plant) in soil or other substrate in order that it may live and grow.


lexentry: eng/plant__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plant
trans_list: podkładać | podrzucać | podrzucić | podłożyć
sense:
(transitive) To place (an object, or sometimes a person), often with the implication of intending deceit.


lexentry: eng/plantain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plantain
trans_list: babka
sense:
Any plant of the genus Plantago, with a rosette of sessile leaves about 10 cm (4") long with a narrow part instead of a petiole, and with a spike inflorescence with the flower spacing varying widely among the species. See also psyllium.


lexentry: eng/plantaris__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plantaris
trans_list: mięsień podeszwowy
sense:
(muscles) A muscle running at the posterior compartment of the calf from the knee to over the hump of the heel.


lexentry: eng/plantation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plantation
trans_list: plantacja
sense:
A large farm; estate or area of land designated for agricultural growth. Often includes housing for the owner and workers.


lexentry: eng/planter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planter
trans_list: plantator
sense:
Any member of a similar landed class of (often wealthy) farm owners elsewhere, such as plantation owners whose lands are worked by farm workers, wage slaves, or slaves.


lexentry: eng/plaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plaque
trans_list: płyta | tablica
sense:
(countable) Any flat, thin piece of clay, ivory, metal, etc., used for ornament, or for painting pictures upon, as a dish, plate, slab, etc., hung upon a wall; also, a smaller decoration worn by a person, such as a brooch.


lexentry: eng/plaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plaque
trans_list: tablica pamiątkowa
sense:
(countable) A piece of flat metal with writing on it, attached to a building, monument, or other structure to remind people of a person or an event.


lexentry: eng/plaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: plaque
trans_list: płytka
sense:
(countable, musical instruments) In the Hornbostel–Sachs classification system: any flat, thin musical instrument.


lexentry: eng/plaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: plaque
trans_list: grudka
sense:
(countable, pathology) A broad patch of abnormal tissue distinguishable from surrounding tissue, especially a broad on the skin.


lexentry: eng/plaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: plaque
trans_list: blaszka
sense:
(countable, uncountable, pathology) An abnormal accumulation of material in or on an organ of the body, often associated with disease.


lexentry: eng/plaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: plaque
trans_list: osad nazębny | płytka bakteryjna | płytka nazębna
sense:
(uncountable, dentistry) An accumulation of biofilm, or bacteria, on teeth, which may develop into dental calculus (tartar).


lexentry: eng/plasma_lamp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasma lamp
trans_list: lampa plazmowa
sense:
A kind of gas-discharge lamp: a clear glass container, often an orb, filled with a mixture of various noble gases at low pressure, and driven by high frequency alternating current at high voltage.


lexentry: eng/plasmid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasmid
trans_list: plazmid
sense:
(cytology) A loop of double-stranded DNA that is separate from — and replicates independently of — the chromosomes; such loops are most commonly found in bacteria, but they are also sometimes found in archaeans and eukaryotic cells, and they are used in genetic engineering as a vector for gene transfer.


lexentry: eng/plasmolysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasmolysis
trans_list: plazmoliza
sense:
(biology) the shrinking of protoplasm away from the cell wall of a plant or bacterium due to water loss.


lexentry: eng/plasmon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasmon
trans_list: plazmon
sense:
(physics, astronomy) The quantum of waves produced by the collective effects of large numbers of electrons when disturbed from equilibrium.


lexentry: eng/plaster__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plaster
trans_list: gips | tynk
sense:
(uncountable) A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand, and water, sometimes with the addition of fibres, that hardens to a smooth solid and is used for coating walls and ceilings; render, stucco.


lexentry: eng/plaster_cast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plaster cast
trans_list: gips
sense:
(surgery) A cast made of a stiff material (often plaster of Paris and gauze) in order to immobilize a broken bone for the period of healing.


lexentry: eng/plaster_of_Paris__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plaster of Paris
trans_list: gips
sense:
A hemihydrate of calcium sulfate, made by calcining gypsum, that hardens when moistened and allowed to dry; used to make casts, molds and sculpture.


lexentry: eng/plasterboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasterboard
trans_list: płyta gipsowo-kartonowa
sense:
A construction material consisting of a rigid panel of several layers of fibreboard or paper bonded to a gypsum core.


lexentry: eng/plastic__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plastic
trans_list: plastik
sense:
(figurative, slang) Insincerity; fakeness; a person who is fake or arrogant, or believes that they are better than the rest of the population; a narcissistic, affected person.


lexentry: eng/plastic_art__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plastic art
trans_list: sztuki plastyczne
sense:
An art form which involves physical manipulation of a three-dimensional medium by moulding or modeling such as sculpture or ceramics.


lexentry: eng/plastic_bag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plastic bag
trans_list: reklamówka | foliówka | zrywka
sense:
A type of packaging made of thin, flexible, plastic film, starch, or plastic textile, used for containing and transporting food, waste, and consumer goods. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/plastic_surgery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plastic surgery
trans_list: chirurgia plastyczna | plastyka
sense:
Surgery to repair or revise body parts, especially involving the transfer of tissue; it is done for health reasons, reconstructive reasons, aesthetic reasons, or a combination thereof.


lexentry: eng/plasticity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plasticity
trans_list: plastyczność
sense:
(physics) The property of a solid body whereby it undergoes a permanent change in shape or size when subjected to a stress exceeding a particular value (the yield value).


lexentry: eng/plasticizer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasticizer
trans_list: plastifikator | zmiękczacz
sense:
Any of various substances added to a material (such as plastic or concrete) in order to make it more pliable.


lexentry: eng/plastid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plastid
trans_list: plastyd
sense:
(cytology) Any of various organelles found in the cells of plants and algae, often used for photosynthesis.


lexentry: eng/plastron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plastron
trans_list: plastron
sense:
The nearly flat part of the shell structure of a tortoise or other animal, similar in composition to the carapace.


lexentry: eng/plastron__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: plastron
trans_list: plastron
sense:
A film of air trapped by specialized hairs against the body of an aquatic insect, and which acts as an external gill.


lexentry: eng/platelet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platelet
trans_list: trombocyt | płytka krwi
sense:
(hematology, cytology) A small colorless disk-shaped particle found in the blood of mammals, which plays an important role in the formation of blood clots.


lexentry: eng/platform__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: platform
trans_list: peron | platforma
sense:
A raised floor for any purpose, e.g. for workmen during construction, or formerly for military cannon.


lexentry: eng/platform_game__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platform game
trans_list: gra platformowa | platformówka
sense:
(video game genre) A video game of the genre characterized by jumping (or otherwise moving) to and from suspended platforms or over obstacles.


lexentry: eng/platform_screen_door__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platform screen door
trans_list: drzwi ekranowe
sense:
(rail) One of a series of doors at a train or subway station, at the edge of a platform, that prevent access beyond the platform when there is no train to be boarded.


lexentry: eng/platinum__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: platinum
trans_list: platynowa | platynowy
sense:
Of a musical recording that has sold over one million copies (for singles), or two million (for albums).


lexentry: eng/platitude__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platitude
trans_list: frazes
sense:
(countable) An often-quoted saying that is supposed to be meaningful but has become unoriginal or hackneyed through overuse.


lexentry: eng/platoon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platoon
trans_list: pluton
sense:
(military) A unit of thirty to forty soldiers typically commanded by a lieutenant and forming part of a company.


lexentry: eng/platypus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platypus
trans_list: dziobak
sense:
A semiaquatic monotreme from eastern Australia with a bill resembling that of a duck, that has a mole-like body, a tail resembling that of a beaver, a waterproof pelt, and flat webbed feet (Ornithorhynchus anatinus).


lexentry: eng/plausible_deniability__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plausible deniability
trans_list: wiarygodne zaprzeczenie
sense:
(politics, business, military, espionage) The organization of clandestine activity in such a way that knowledge of its existence may be denied by those in authority.


lexentry: eng/play__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: play
trans_list: zabawa
sense:
(uncountable, sports, with certain prepositions, also figurative) The sphere or circumstance in which a playing implement, such as a ball, is available to be played (see also in play, out of play).


lexentry: eng/play__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: play
trans_list: sztuka
sense:
(countable) A literary composition, intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue.


lexentry: eng/play__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: play
trans_list: grać | bawić się
sense:
(intransitive) To act in a manner such that one has fun; to engage in activities expressly for the purpose of recreation or entertainment.


lexentry: eng/play__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: play
trans_list: grać | odtwarzać | puścić
sense:
(transitive, of a person) To operate (a device or media) so as to cause sound (especially music) or moving pictures to be produced.


lexentry: eng/play__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: play
trans_list: udawać | udać
sense:
(transitive, of a, theatrical company, or, band, etc.) To perform or give performances in or at (a venue or location).


lexentry: eng/play__Verb__1
sense_num: 16
written_rep: play
trans_list: grać | odtwarzać | puścić
sense:
(AAVE, intransitive) To kid; to joke; to say something for amusement; to act, or to treat something, unseriously.


lexentry: eng/play_by_ear__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: play by ear
trans_list: grać ze słuchu
sense:
(transitive, and, intransitive, of, music) To play guided by one's musical perception and intuition, rather than from a written score.


lexentry: eng/play_by_ear__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: play by ear
trans_list: improwizować | puszczać na żywioł | puścić na żywioł
sense:
(transitive, and, intransitive, idiomatic) To do by guessing, intuition, or trial and error; to react to events as they occur, often with risk of negative outcomes; to improvise.


lexentry: eng/play_doctor__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: play doctor
trans_list: bawić się w doktora
sense:
(sexuality, usually of minors) To explore or sexually engage with another person's private parts, particularly in the context of roleplay of a medical nature.


lexentry: eng/play_gooseberry__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: play gooseberry
trans_list: być piątym kołem u wozu
sense:
(dated, UK, _, slang) To be an unwanted third party accompanying two lovers, to serve as a chaperon.


lexentry: eng/play_hard_to_get__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: play hard to get
trans_list: udawać niedostępnego | udawać niedostępną | zgrywać osobę niedostępną
sense:
(courtship) To be coy; to feign lack of romantic interest in a certain person, so as to force that person to be more overt in expressing interest.


lexentry: eng/play_house__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: play house
trans_list: bawić się w dom
sense:
(children's games) To pretend to be a family in the household, acting out housekeeping and different family roles.


lexentry: eng/play_with__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: play with
trans_list: bawić się
sense:
(transitive) To fiddle with; make small adjustments to, for example to something mechanical in order to improve its performance.


lexentry: eng/play_with_fire__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: play with fire
trans_list: igrać z ogniem | bawić się zapałkami
sense:
(idiomatic) To put oneself in a precarious situation with a high risk of getting harmed, particularly emotionally or financially.


lexentry: eng/playboy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: playboy
trans_list: playboy
sense:
A single man, especially a wealthy one, who devotes himself to a life of leisure and pleasure, often sexual, without commitments or responsibilities.


lexentry: eng/playdate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: playdate
trans_list: kinderbal
sense:
The occasion of a child having a friend come over to play at their house, traditionally scheduled by both children's parents.


lexentry: eng/playground__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: playground
trans_list: plac zabaw
sense:
(outdoors) A large open space for children to play in, usually having dedicated play equipment (such as swings and slides). [1780]


lexentry: eng/playlist__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: playlist
trans_list: lista odtwarzania | playlista
sense:
(computing) A list of tracks or videos to be played in a particular sequence, as from an audio CD or a streaming service.


lexentry: eng/pleach__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleach
trans_list: plecenie | plecionka
sense:
An act or result of interweaving; specifically, (horticulture) a hedge or lattice created by interweaving the branches of shrubs, trees, etc.


lexentry: eng/pleach__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleach
trans_list: pleść
sense:
(transitive) To unite by interweaving, as (horticulture) branches of shrubs, trees, etc., to create a hedge; to interlock, to plash.


lexentry: eng/please_repeat_after_me__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: please repeat after me
trans_list: proszę powtarzać za mną
sense:
A request for the interlocutor to repeat what the speaker says next. Often used in language training.


lexentry: eng/please_say_that_again__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Used as request for the interlocutor to repeat what he or she said previously.
written_rep: please say that again
trans_list:
Mogłabyś powtórzyć? | Mógłbyś powtórzyć? | Przepraszam, mogłaby pani powtórzyć? | Przepraszam, mógłby pan powtórzyć?


lexentry: eng/please_turn_left__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: please turn left
trans_list: proszę skręcić w lewo
sense:
When giving directions to a person (for example, a taxi driver), indicates that he or she should turn left.


lexentry: eng/please_turn_right__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: please turn right
trans_list: proszę skręcić w prawo
sense:
When giving directions to a person (for example, a taxi driver), indicates that he or she should turn right.


lexentry: eng/pleased_to_meet_you__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A polite formula used when being introduced to somebody.
written_rep: pleased to meet you
trans_list:
miło mi cię poznać | miło mi was poznać | miło mi Pana poznać | miło mi Panią poznać | miło mi Państwa poznać


lexentry: eng/pleasure_garden__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleasure garden
trans_list: ogród wypoczynkowy
sense:
A park or garden that is open to the public for entertainment, typically including concert halls, bandstands, amusement rides, and zoos.


lexentry: eng/pleat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleat
trans_list: plisa
sense:
(sewing) A fold in the fabric of a garment, usually a skirt, as a part of the design of the garment, with the purpose of adding controlled fullness and freedom of movement, or taking up excess fabric. There are many types of pleats, differing in their construction and appearance.


lexentry: eng/plebiscite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plebiscite
trans_list: plebiscyt
sense:
(law, politics) A direct popular vote on an issue of public importance, such as an amendment to the constitution, a change in the sovereignty of the nation, or some government policy.


lexentry: eng/plebiscitum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plebiscitum
trans_list: plebiscitum | plebiscyt
sense:
(Ancient Rome) A law enacted by the plebs, under the superintendence of a tribune or some subordinate plebeian magistrate, without the senate's intervention.


lexentry: eng/plectrum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plectrum
trans_list: plektron | kostka
sense:
(music) A small piece of plastic, metal, ivory, etc., for plucking the strings of a guitar, lyre, mandolin, etc.


lexentry: eng/plenipotentiary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plenipotentiary
trans_list: pełnomocnik | ambasador
sense:
A person invested with full powers, especially as the diplomatic agent of a sovereign state, (originally) charged with handling a certain matter. [from c. 1645]


lexentry: eng/pleonasm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pleonasm
trans_list: pleonazm
sense:
(countable) A phrase involving pleonasm; a phrase containing one or more words which are redundant because their meaning is expressed elsewhere in the phrase.


lexentry: eng/pleophony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleophony
trans_list: pełnogłos
sense:
(phonology) The phenomenon by which the Late Proto-Slavic "liquid diphthongs", formed from a vowel followed by a liquid *r or *l, become disyllabic -oro-, -ere- and -olo- reflexes in East Slavic languages.


lexentry: eng/pleroma__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pleroma
trans_list: pełnia
sense:
(Christianity) A state of perfect fullness, especially of God's being as incarnated in Jesus Christ.


lexentry: eng/pleroma__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleroma
trans_list: pełnia
sense:
(Gnosticism, historical) Often preceded by the: the spiritual universe seen as the totality of the essence and powers of God.


lexentry: eng/plesiosaur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plesiosaur
trans_list: plezjozaur
sense:
Any of the order †Plesiosauria of extinct marine reptiles, from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. [from c. 1840]


lexentry: eng/pleura__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleura
trans_list: opłucna
sense:
(anatomy) Each of a pair of smooth serous membranes which line the thorax and envelop the lungs in humans and other mammals.


lexentry: eng/plexiglass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plexiglass
trans_list: pleksiglas
sense:
polymethyl methacrylate (polymer of methyl methacrylate), a tough transparent plastic used sometimes in lieu of glass.


lexentry: eng/plicate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plicate
trans_list: składany
sense:
(biology) Folded multiple times lengthwise like a fan, usually lending stiffness to a flat structure such as a leaf; corrugated; pleated.


lexentry: eng/pliers__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pliers
trans_list: cęgi | szczypce | cążki | kleszcze | kombinerki
sense:
A pincer-like gripping tool that multiplies the strength of the user's hand, often used for bending things.


lexentry: eng/plimsoll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plimsoll
trans_list: trampek
sense:
(UK, Irish) A rubber-soled lace-up canvas shoe for sports or onboard ships; a precursor of trainers.


lexentry: eng/plodder__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plodder
trans_list: grzebuła | guzdrała | maruda | maruder | ślamazara | ślamazarnik
sense:
A person who works slowly, making a great effort with little result; a person who studies laboriously.


lexentry: eng/plop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plop
trans_list: pluśnięcie
sense:
(countable) A sound or action like liquid hitting a hard surface, or an object falling into a body of water.


lexentry: eng/plot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plot
trans_list: fabuła | sjużet
sense:
(narratology) The course of a story, comprising a series of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means. [from 1640s]


lexentry: eng/plot__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: plot
trans_list: spisek
sense:
A secret plan to achieve an end, the end or means usually being illegal or otherwise questionable. [from 1580s]


lexentry: eng/plot_twist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plot twist
trans_list: zwrot akcji
sense:
A change in the direction or expected outcome of the plot of a film, novel, or other narrative work.


lexentry: eng/plotter__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plotter
trans_list: ploter | plotter
sense:
(computing) An output device that draws graphs and other pictorial images on paper, sometimes using attached pens.


lexentry: eng/plough__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plough
trans_list: pług
sense:
(agriculture) A device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting.


lexentry: eng/plough__Verb__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: plough
trans_list: orać
sense:
(joinery) To cut a groove in, as in a plank, or the edge of a board; especially, a rectangular groove to receive the end of a shelf or tread, the edge of a panel, a tongue, etc.


lexentry: eng/pluck__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pluck
trans_list: brzdęknąć
sense:
(transitive, music) To play (a single string on a musical instrument) by pulling and then releasing it, such as on a guitar.


lexentry: eng/plug__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plug
trans_list: wtyczka
sense:
(electricity) A pronged connecting device which fits into a mating socket, especially an electrical one.


lexentry: eng/plum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plum
trans_list: śliwka
sense:
An edible, fleshy stone fruit of Prunus domestica (European plum), often of a dark red or purple colour. [from 8th c.]


lexentry: eng/plumage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plumage
trans_list: pierze
sense:
(ornithology, collective noun) Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally; feathering.


lexentry: eng/plumber__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plumber
trans_list: hydraulik
sense:
One who furnishes, fits, and repairs pipes and other apparatus for the conveyance of water, gas, or drainage.


lexentry: eng/plumbing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plumbing
trans_list: instalacja wodno-kanalizacyjna
sense:
The pipes, together with the joints, tanks, stopcocks, taps, and other fixtures of a water, gas, or sewage system in a house or other building.


lexentry: eng/plumbism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plumbism
trans_list: ołowica
sense:
(medicine) A diseased condition, produced by the absorption of lead, common among workers in this metal or in its compounds, as among painters, typesetters, etc. Symptoms include lead colic, lead line, and wrist drop.


lexentry: eng/plume__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plume
trans_list: pióro
sense:
(archaic, literary, and, poetic) A feather of a bird, especially a large or showy one used as a decoration.


lexentry: eng/plume__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plume
trans_list: pióropusz
sense:
(archaic, literary, and, poetic) A cluster of feathers worn as an ornament, especially on a helmet; a hackle.


lexentry: eng/plume__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: plume
trans_list: pióropusz
sense:
(geology) Ellipsis of mantle plume (“an upwelling of abnormally hot molten material from the Earth's mantle which spreads sideways when it reaches the lithosphere”).


lexentry: eng/plume__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: plume
trans_list: pióropusz
sense:
The furry tail of certain dog breeds (such as the Samoyed) that curls over their backs or stands erect.


lexentry: eng/plummet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plummet
trans_list: ciężarek | pion
sense:
(archaic, nautical) A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water; a plumb bob or a plumb line.


lexentry: eng/plunge__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plunge
trans_list: nurkować
sense:
(figuratively, transitive) To cast, stab or throw deep and fast into some thing, state, condition or action.


lexentry: eng/pluperfect_tense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pluperfect tense
trans_list: czas zaprzeszły
sense:
(grammar, of a verb) Tense of a verb used when referring to something that happened before a past setting or the imperfect; formed in English by adding had before the past participle of a verb, or by adding had been before the present participle of the verb.


lexentry: eng/plural__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plural
trans_list: liczba mnoga
sense:
(grammar, uncountable) The plural number. In English, referring to more or less than one of something.


lexentry: eng/plural__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plural
trans_list: liczba mnoga
sense:
(grammar, countable) A word in the form in which it potentially refers to something other than one person or thing; and other than two things if the language has a dual form.


lexentry: eng/plurale_tantum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plurale tantum
trans_list: plurale tantum | pluralia tantum
sense:
(grammar) A noun (either in certain of its senses or in all its senses) that does not generally have a singular form.


lexentry: eng/plurality__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: plurality
trans_list: większość względna
sense:
(countable) A number of votes for a single candidate or position which is greater than the number of votes gained by any other single candidate or position voted for, but which is less than a majority of valid votes cast.


lexentry: eng/plus_sign__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plus sign
trans_list: plus
sense:
(arithmetic) The symbol + used to denote the operation of addition, to indicate that a number is positive, and so on.


lexentry: eng/plutino__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plutino
trans_list: plutonek
sense:
(astronomy) Any planetoid in the Kuiper belt whose orbit, like that of Pluto, has a resonance of 3:2 with that of Neptune.


lexentry: eng/plutonium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plutonium
trans_list: pluton
sense:
The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 94 and symbol Pu: a silvery-gray fissile radioactive actinide metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.


lexentry: eng/ply__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: ply
trans_list: ruch
sense:
(artificial intelligence, combinatorial, _, game theory) In two-player sequential games, a "half-turn" or a move made by one of the players.


lexentry: eng/ply__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ply
trans_list: zwijać | zwinąć
sense:
(transitive, obsolete) To bend; to fold; to mould; (figuratively) to adapt, to modify; to change (a person's) mind, to cause (a person) to submit.


lexentry: eng/ply__Verb__2
sense_num: 07
written_rep: ply
trans_list: narzucać się | narzucić się | pracować żmudnie | zasypać | zasypywać
sense:
(intransitive, nautical, obsolete) To manoeuvre a sailing vessel so that the direction of the wind changes from one side of the vessel to the other; to work to windward, to beat, to tack.


lexentry: eng/pneumatic__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pneumatic
trans_list: pneumatyczka | pneumatyk
sense:
(gnosticism) In the gnostic theologian Valentinus' triadic grouping of man, the highest type; a person focused on spiritual reality (the other two being hylic and psychic).


lexentry: eng/pneumatics__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pneumatics
trans_list: pneumatyka
sense:
(theology, obsolete) The study or knowledge of spiritual beings and their relations to God, angels, and human beings.


lexentry: eng/pneumothorax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pneumothorax
trans_list: odma opłucnowa
sense:
(medicine) Presence of air inside the pleural cavity, usually caused by injury either to the lung or the chest wall.


lexentry: eng/pnictogen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pnictogen
trans_list: azotowiec
sense:
(chemistry) Any element from group 15 of the periodic table, which includes nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.


lexentry: eng/po-faced__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: po-faced
trans_list: nieprzystępny
sense:
(British) Wearing a particularly stern and disapproving expression; humourless; priggish. [from 1930s]


lexentry: eng/poacher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poacher
trans_list: kłusownik
sense:
A person who trespasses in order to take game illegally, one who poaches; a person who illegally takes animals or plants from the wild.


lexentry: eng/pocket__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pocket
trans_list: łuza
sense:
(sports, billiards, pool, snooker) An indention and cavity with a net sack or similar structure (into which the balls are to be struck) at each corner and one centered on each side of a pool or snooker table.


lexentry: eng/pocket_gopher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pocket gopher
trans_list: gofferowaty
sense:
Any of the burrowing rodents of the family Geomyidae, regarded as the "true" gophers, native North and Central America.


lexentry: eng/podcast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: podcast
trans_list: podcast | słuchowisko
sense:
A program, especially an audio program, produced on a regular basis, delivered over the Internet in a compressed digital format and designed for playback on computers or portable devices such as mobile phones. [from early 21st c.]


lexentry: eng/podium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: podium
trans_list: podium | podest
sense:
A platform on which to stand, as when conducting an orchestra or preaching at a pulpit; any low platform or dais.


lexentry: eng/podium__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: podium
trans_list: podium
sense:
(sports, and, other competitions) A steepled platform upon which the three competitors with the best results may stand when being handed their medals or prize.


lexentry: eng/poetic_justice__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: poetic justice
trans_list: poetycka sprawiedliwość
sense:
(by extension, generally) The fact of someone experiencing what they deserve for their actions, especially when this happens in an ironic manner.


lexentry: eng/poetic_licence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poetic licence
trans_list: licentia poetica
sense:
Any departure from convention or from factual accuracy taken by a writer to achieve a desired effect.


lexentry: eng/poetry__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: poetry
trans_list: poezja
sense:
(figurative) An artistic quality that appeals to or evokes the emotions, in any medium; something having such a quality.


lexentry: eng/pogo_stick__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pogo stick
trans_list: pogo
sense:
A toy, used for hopping up and down on, consisting of a pole with a T-bar handle at one end, and spring-loaded footpads on the other.


lexentry: eng/pohutukawa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pohutukawa
trans_list: metrosideros wyniosły
sense:
A coastal evergreen tree, Metrosideros excelsa, native to New Zealand and producing a brilliant display of red flowers with prominent stamens around Christmastime. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/poinsettia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poinsettia
trans_list: poinsecja | gwiazda betlejemska | wilczomlecz piękny | poinsecja nadobna | wilczomlecz nadobny
sense:
A plant, Euphorbia pulcherrima, with rather small and insignificant flowers surrounded by large bright red leaves; native to Mexico and Central America and widely cultivated as a garden plant.


lexentry: eng/point-set_topology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point-set topology
trans_list: topologia ogólna
sense:
(mathematics, topology) The general field of topology, not restricting attention to specific classes of spaces, and not using algebraic topology.


lexentry: eng/point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point
trans_list: punkt | kropka
sense:
(mathematics, science) A zero-dimensional mathematical object representing a location in one or more dimensions; something considered to have position but no magnitude or direction. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/point__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: point
trans_list: przecinek | argument | punkt widzenia | racja
sense:
(automotive, mostly, in the plural) Either of the two metal surfaces in a distributor which close or open to allow or prevent the flow of current through the ignition coil. There is usually a moving point, pushed by the distributor cam, and a fixed point, and they are built together as a unit.


lexentry: eng/point__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: point
trans_list: punkt
sense:
(typography) A unit of measure equal to 1/12 of a pica, or approximately 1/72 of an inch (exactly 1/72 of an inch in the digital era). [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/point__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point
trans_list: wskazywać | wskazać
sense:
(intransitive) To extend the index finger in the direction of something in order to show where it is or to draw attention to it.


lexentry: eng/point_guard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point guard
trans_list: baza
sense:
(basketball) A guard who is usually the shortest of the five basketball positions, and specializes in handling the ball, distributing it to the other players and generally running the team's offense.


lexentry: eng/point_of_departure__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: point of departure
trans_list: punkt wyjścia
sense:
(formal, figuratively) of abstract processes that can be compared to a voyage: initial circumstances. Frequent collocations include, but are not limited to:


lexentry: eng/point_of_departure__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: point of departure
trans_list: punkt wyjścia
sense:
(toxicology) a dosage level at which additional administration of an agent significantly loses its efficacy


lexentry: eng/point_of_inflection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point of inflection
trans_list: punkt przegięcia
sense:
(mathematics) A point on a curve at which the sign of the curvature changes; at this point the second derivative of the underlying function will be zero, but positive on one side and negative on the other.


lexentry: eng/point_of_interest__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: point of interest
trans_list: ciekawe miejsce
sense:
A location that is worth visiting because it is a tourist attraction or the base for some type of service such as a restaurant or shop.


lexentry: eng/point_of_no_return__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point of no return
trans_list: punkt bez powrotu
sense:
(aviation) The point in an aircraft's flight when there is insufficient fuel to reverse direction and return to the place of origin.


lexentry: eng/point_of_sale__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point of sale
trans_list: kasa | punkt sprzedaży
sense:
(retail) The location at which payment for goods is made in an establishment that sells goods or services.


lexentry: eng/point_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point out
trans_list: wskazywać | wskazać
sense:
(transitive, idiomatic) To identify among a group of similar subjects, or in a scene where the subject might not be readily seen or noticed, with a gesture of the body.


lexentry: eng/pointer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pointer
trans_list: wskaźnik | wskazówka
sense:
A needlelike component of a timepiece or measuring device that indicates the time or the current reading of the device.


lexentry: eng/pointlessness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pointlessness
trans_list: bezcelowość
sense:
(countable) The lack of meaning, purpose, or ideas; the characteristic or condition of being pointless.


lexentry: eng/points__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: points
trans_list: rozjazd
sense:
(rail transport, UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) Movable rails which can be used to switch a train from one railway track to another.


lexentry: eng/poisoned_chalice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poisoned chalice
trans_list: niedźwiedzia przysługa | koszula Dejaniry
sense:
(idiomatic) Something which is initially regarded as advantageous but which is later recognized to be disadvantageous or harmful; an apparently beneficial or benign instrument or scheme for causing death or harm.


lexentry: eng/poker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poker
trans_list: ożóg | pogrzebacz
sense:
A metal rod, generally of wrought iron, for adjusting the burning logs or coals in a fire; a firestick. [from earlier 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/poker_face__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poker face
trans_list: twarz pokerzysty
sense:
(poker) An impassive facial expression cultivated to prevent other players from determining whether one's actions in the game are the result of a quality hand, or of bluffing.


lexentry: eng/polar__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar
trans_list: biegunowy | polarny
sense:
(geography) Of, relating to, measured from, or referred to a geographic pole (the North Pole or South Pole); within the Arctic or Antarctic circles.


lexentry: eng/polar__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar
trans_list: biegunowy
sense:
(mathematics) Of a coordinate system, specifying the location of a point in a plane by using a radius and an angle.


lexentry: eng/polar_bear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar bear
trans_list: niedźwiedź polarny | niedźwiedź biały
sense:
A hypercarnivorous species of bear, Ursus maritimus, whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle.


lexentry: eng/polar_circle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar circle
trans_list: koło podbiegunowe | krąg polarny
sense:
(geography) Either of the two parallels of the Earth located at the latitude of 66° 33′ 44″ N and 66° 33′ 44″ S.


lexentry: eng/polar_night__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar night
trans_list: noc polarna
sense:
A period of continual darkness that occurs in winter in the polar regions of Earth, during which the sun never rises above the horizon.


lexentry: eng/polarization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polarization
trans_list: polaryzacja
sense:
(physics) The production of polarized light; the direction in which the electric field of an electromagnetic wave points.


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pole
trans_list: tyczka
sense:
A long sports implement used for pole-vaulting; now made of glassfiber or carbon fiber, formerly also metal, bamboo and wood have been used.


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pole
trans_list: biegun
sense:
A point of magnetic focus, especially each of the two opposing such points of a magnet (designated north and south).


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pole
trans_list: biegun
sense:
(figuratively, by extension) Any of a small set of extremes; especially, either of two extremes that are possible or available.


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__2
sense_num: 05
written_rep: pole
trans_list: biegun
sense:
(electricity) A contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves.


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__2
sense_num: 06
written_rep: pole
trans_list: biegun
sense:
(complex analysis) For a meromorphic function f(z), any point a for which f(z) \rightarrow \infty as z \rightarrow a.


lexentry: eng/pole_star__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pole star
trans_list: gwiazda polarna
sense:
(star) The star visible to the naked eye which was in the past, is now, or will be in the future nearest a celestial pole of a planet.


lexentry: eng/pole_vault__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pole vault
trans_list: skok o tyczce
sense:
(athletics) a jumping event contested in track and field which requires an athlete to carry a fiberglass pole down a runway, plant the pole into a vaulting box and vault over a fiberglass bar, landing on a matted pit


lexentry: eng/polearm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polearm
trans_list: broń drzewcowa
sense:
A close-quarter combat weapon with the main fighting part of the weapon placed on the end of a long shaft, typically of wood.


lexentry: eng/polemical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polemical
trans_list: polemiczny
sense:
(somewhat, _, derogative) Prone to causing disputes; inclined to causing the expression of opposing opinions, disputatious, contentious, edgy.


lexentry: eng/polenta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polenta
trans_list: polenta
sense:
Any of various types and consistencies of a starchy accompaniment to a meal made from coarse maize-meal porridge, sometimes fried or grilled.


lexentry: eng/police__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police
trans_list: policja
sense:
(North America, &, _, historical) A department of local (usually municipal) government responsible for general law enforcement.


lexentry: eng/police_brutality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police brutality
trans_list: brutalność policji
sense:
The use of excessive, unjustified force, typically of a physical nature, but also including verbal abuse and psychological intimidation, by a police officer while carrying out, or under the cover of carrying out, law enforcement duties.


lexentry: eng/police_car__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police car
trans_list: radiowóz
sense:
An automobile used by a police officer when on duty. Usually marked with police livery; sometimes an unmarked car.


lexentry: eng/police_procedural__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police procedural
trans_list: dramat kryminalny
sense:
A subgenre of crime fiction which portrays the activities of a police force as they investigate crimes. Unlike in other types of crime fiction, the perpetrator may be known at the outset of the story.


lexentry: eng/police_state__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police state
trans_list: państwo policyjne
sense:
(usually, pejorative) A polity whose government exercises strict and repressive control of the people.


lexentry: eng/police_station__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police station
trans_list: komisariat | posterunek policji | komenda policji
sense:
A building serving as the headquarters of a branch of the police force, and sometimes as a temporary place of confinement for offenders.


lexentry: eng/policy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: policy
trans_list: polityka
sense:
A principle of behaviour, conduct which an entity (government, organization, etc.) applies or seeks to follow, especially as formally expressed by an authoritative body. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/policy__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: policy
trans_list: polityka
sense:
Wise, advantageous, or politic conduct; prudence, formerly also with connotations of craftiness. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/poliomyelitis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poliomyelitis
trans_list: choroba Heinego-Medina | heinemedina | polio | porażenie dziecięce
sense:
(pathology) Acute infection by the poliovirus, especially of the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis and sometimes deformity.


lexentry: eng/politburo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: politburo
trans_list: politbiuro | Biuro Polityczne
sense:
(communism, Marxism) The governing council and chief policymaking body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and other Marxist-Leninist political systems.


lexentry: eng/political__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: political
trans_list: polityczny
sense:
(pejorative) Inappropriately motivated by political calculation, as it pertains to elections, power dynamics, ideologies, etc.


lexentry: eng/political__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: political
trans_list: polityczny
sense:
Of or relating to views about social relationships that involve power, standing, influence or conflict.


lexentry: eng/political_asylum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political asylum
trans_list: azyl
sense:
The protection, by a sovereign state, of a person who is persecuted in their own country for their political opinions or activity


lexentry: eng/political_economy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political economy
trans_list: ekonomia polityczna
sense:
(economics, politics) Interdisciplinary studies drawing upon economics, law, and political science in explaining how political institutions, the political environment, and the economic system — capitalist, socialist, mixed, and so on — influence each other.


lexentry: eng/political_opposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political opposition
trans_list: opozycja
sense:
A recognized political party or group of parties in multiparty political systems that is present in Parliament or some other legislative body and does not control the floor (usually due to being in the minority).


lexentry: eng/political_party__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political party
trans_list: partia polityczna | partia | stronnictwo
sense:
A political organization that subscribes to a certain ideology and seeks to attain political power through representation in government.


lexentry: eng/politics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: politics
trans_list: polityka
sense:
(countable) A methodology and activities associated with running a government, an organization, or a movement.


lexentry: eng/polity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polity
trans_list: reżim
sense:
(politics, religion, usually, uncountable) Organizational structure and governance, especially of a state or a religion.


lexentry: eng/polity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: polity
trans_list: państwo
sense:
(political science, countable) A politically organized unit, especially a nation of people, a class or ingroup that governs it, or the state ruled thereby.


lexentry: eng/pollination__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pollination
trans_list: zapylenie
sense:
(botany) The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma; effected by insects, birds, bats and the wind etc.


lexentry: eng/polling_station__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polling station
trans_list: lokal wyborczy
sense:
(Britain, Canada, Australia) a place where voters go to cast their ballot in an election or referendum; a voting station


lexentry: eng/pollution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pollution
trans_list: zanieczyszczenie
sense:
Physical contamination, now especially the contamination of the environment by harmful substances, or by disruptive levels of noise, light etc. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/polo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polo
trans_list: polo
sense:
(uncountable) A ball game where two teams of players on horseback use long-handled mallets to propel the ball along the ground and into their opponent's goal.


lexentry: eng/polo_shirt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polo shirt
trans_list: koszulka polo | polo | polówka
sense:
A casual, usually short-sleeved, shirt with a protruding collar and a small number of buttons extending a short distance below the collar (and not all the way down the front of the shirt).


lexentry: eng/poltergeist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poltergeist
trans_list: poltergeist
sense:
(parapsychology) An unseen ghost which makes noises and causes disruption, especially by causing physical objects to move or fly about.


lexentry: eng/polyacrylonitrile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyacrylonitrile
trans_list: poliakrylonitryl
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any polymer or copolymer of acrylonitrile; they are mostly resins that are used to make fibers for fabrics


lexentry: eng/polyamide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyamide
trans_list: poliamid
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any of a range of polymers containing amide (or peptide) repeat units; examples include proteins and nylon.


lexentry: eng/polyamory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyamory
trans_list: poliamoria
sense:
Any of various practices involving romantic or sexual relationships with multiple partners with the knowledge and consent of all involved.


lexentry: eng/polyandry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyandry
trans_list: poliandria
sense:
The having of a plurality of husbands at the same time; usually, the marriage of a woman to more than one man, or the practice of having several husbands, at the same time.


lexentry: eng/polycarbonate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polycarbonate
trans_list: poliwęglany
sense:
(chemistry) Any of a range of polymers of aromatic carbonates; they are used to make light, flexible alternatives to glass. Abbreviation: PC


lexentry: eng/polychete__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polychete
trans_list: wieloszczet
sense:
Any of many annelid worms, of the class Polychaeta, such as the lugworm; they have a segmented body with pairs of bristles on each segment.


lexentry: eng/polycondensation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polycondensation
trans_list: polikondensacja
sense:
(chemistry) Any condensation reaction, of a monomer having two functional groups, which leads to the formation of a polymer (a polycondensate).


lexentry: eng/polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
trans_list: wielopierścieniowy węglowodór aromatyczny
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds composed of multiple aromatic rings, many of which are found in coal and in oil deposits, and are produced by the combustion of organic matter.


lexentry: eng/polycystic_ovary_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polycystic ovary syndrome
trans_list: zespół policystycznych jajników
sense:
(medicine) A syndrome characterised by polycystic ovaries, menstrual disturbance, and high levels of androgens or insulin.


lexentry: eng/polycythemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polycythemia
trans_list: nadkrwistość
sense:
(disease) A rare disorder in which the bone marrow produces an abnormally large amount of blood cells, often red blood cells.


lexentry: eng/polydactyly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polydactyly
trans_list: polidaktylia
sense:
(medicine, teratology) A congenital condition in which a person or animal has more than the usual number of digits (fingers or toes) on at least one of the hands or feet.


lexentry: eng/polyethylene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyethylene
trans_list: polietylen
sense:
(organic compound) A polymer consisting of many ethylene monomers bonded together; used for kitchenware, containers etc.


lexentry: eng/polygamy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: polygamy
trans_list: poligamia
sense:
(often, especially in common use) Synonym of polygyny (“marriage of a man to more than one wife, the practice of having several wives at the same time”).


lexentry: eng/polyglot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyglot
trans_list: poliglota
sense:
A publication in several languages; specifically, a book (especially a bible) containing several versions of the same subject matter or text in several languages.


lexentry: eng/polygonum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polygonum
trans_list: rdest
sense:
(botany) Any of many plants, of the family Polygonaceae, embracing a large number of species, including bistort, knotweed, smartweed, etc.


lexentry: eng/polygyny__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polygyny
trans_list: poligynia | wielożeństwo
sense:
The state or practice of having several wives at the same time; plurality of wives; marriage to several wives.


lexentry: eng/polyhistor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyhistor
trans_list: polihistor
sense:
Someone gifted or learned to a great extent or in multiple disciplines; a great scholar. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/polylectic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polylectic
trans_list: polilektyczny
sense:
(entomology) Of or relating to an insect (especially a bee) which collects pollen from the flowers of a variety of unrelated plants.


lexentry: eng/polymer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polymer
trans_list: polimer
sense:
(organic chemistry) A long or larger molecule consisting of a chain or network of many repeating units, formed by chemically bonding together many identical or similar small molecules called monomers. A polymer is formed by polymerization, the joining of many monomer molecules.


lexentry: eng/polymerase_chain_reaction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polymerase chain reaction
trans_list: reakcja łańcuchowa polimerazy
sense:
(genetics, molecular biology, organic chemistry) A technique in molecular biology for creating multiple copies of DNA from a sample; used in genetic fingerprinting etc.


lexentry: eng/polymerization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polymerization
trans_list: polimeryzacja
sense:
(organic chemistry) The chemical process, normally with the aid of a catalyst, to form a polymer by bonding together multiple identical units (monomers).


lexentry: eng/polymorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: polymorphism
trans_list: polimorfizm
sense:
(biology) The coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but produced from common parents.


lexentry: eng/polymorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: polymorphism
trans_list: polimorfizm
sense:
(object-oriented programming) A feature pertaining to the dynamic treatment of data elements based on their type, allowing for a method to have several definitions.


lexentry: eng/polymorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: polymorphism
trans_list: polimorfizm
sense:
(mathematics, type theory) The property of certain typed formal systems of allowing for the use of type variables and binders/quantifiers over those type variables; likewise, the property of certain expressions (within such typed formal systems) of making use of at least one such typed variable.


lexentry: eng/polymorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: polymorphism
trans_list: polimorfizm
sense:
(crystallography) The ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure; pleomorphism.


lexentry: eng/polymorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: polymorphism
trans_list: polimorfizm
sense:
(genetics) The regular existence of two or more different genotypes within a given species or population; also, variability of amino acid sequences within a gene's protein.


lexentry: eng/polynomial__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polynomial
trans_list: wielomian
sense:
(algebra, strict sense) An expression consisting of a sum of a finite number of terms, each term being the product of a constant coefficient and one or more variables raised to a non-negative integer power, such as a_n x^n + a_{n-1}x^{n-1} + ... + a_0 x^0.


lexentry: eng/polynomial_ring__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polynomial ring
trans_list: pierścień wielomianów
sense:
(algebra) A ring (which is also a commutative algebra), denoted K[X], formed from the set of polynomials (usually of one variable, in a given set, X), with coefficients in a given ring (often a field), K.


lexentry: eng/polynya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polynya
trans_list: połynia | płoń
sense:
(hydrology, oceanography) A naturally formed transient area of open water surrounded by sea ice, especially in polar or subpolar seas. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/polyol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyol
trans_list: alkohol polihydroksylowy | alkohol wielowodorotlenowy | poliol
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound having multiple hydroxyl functional groups, such as polyhydric alcohols.


lexentry: eng/polyphony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyphony
trans_list: polifonia
sense:
(music) Musical texture consisting of several independent melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice (monophony) or music with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (homophony).


lexentry: eng/polypropylene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polypropylene
trans_list: polipropylen
sense:
A thermoplastic resin made by the polymerization of propylene, and used for films, fibres, or moulding materials.


lexentry: eng/polyseme__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyseme
trans_list: polisemia
sense:
(semantics) A word or phrase that has multiple meanings, or, more specifically, multiple etymologically related meanings.


lexentry: eng/polysemy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polysemy
trans_list: polisemia | wieloznaczność
sense:
(semantics) The quality characteristic of a polyseme, a sign (such as a word or symbol) that has multiple meanings (senses), often including multiple similar ones.


lexentry: eng/polysynthetic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polysynthetic
trans_list: polisyntetyczny
sense:
(grammar, of languages) Characterized by a prevalence of relatively long words containing a large number of morphemes. Typically, the morphemes are bound.


lexentry: eng/polytechnic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polytechnic
trans_list: politechnika
sense:
(UK, dated) An educational institute that teaches applied arts and sciences rather than academic subjects.


lexentry: eng/polytonic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polytonic
trans_list: politonalny
sense:
Of or using the Greek system of diacritics which employs the rough and smooth breathings and the grave, acute, and circumflex accents. Replaced by the monotonic system in 1982.


lexentry: eng/polytope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polytope
trans_list: politop | wielokomórka | wielotop
sense:
(geometry) A geometric shape (of any number of dimensions) which is fully enclosed and has flat sides, making it a member of the generalized class of shapes which includes the two-dimensional polygon and three-dimensional polyhedron; (formally) a finite region of n-dimensional space bounded by hyperplanes.


lexentry: eng/polytunnel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polytunnel
trans_list: foliówka
sense:
A tunnel made of polyethylene, used to grow plants that require a higher temperature and/or humidity than that which is available in the environment.


lexentry: eng/polyunsaturated_fat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyunsaturated fat
trans_list: tłuszcz wielonienasycony
sense:
(fatty acid) A fat or oil, almost exclusively from vegetable sources, containing a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


lexentry: eng/polyunsaturated_fatty_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyunsaturated fatty acid
trans_list: wielonienasycony kwas tłuszczowy
sense:
(fatty acid) A fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid, that contains two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds


lexentry: eng/pomander__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pomander
trans_list: balsamka | jabłko zapachowe | pomander
sense:
(countable, uncountable, historical) A mixture of aromatic substances, made into a ball and carried by a person to impart a sweet smell or as a protection against infection. [from late 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/pome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pome
trans_list: owoc jabłkowy
sense:
(botany) A type of fruit in which the often edible flesh arises from the swollen base of the flower and not from the carpels.


lexentry: eng/pomegranate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pomegranate
trans_list: granat
sense:
The fruit of the Punica granatum, about the size of an orange with a thick, hard, reddish skin enclosing many seeds, each with an edible pink or red pulp tasting both sweet and tart.


lexentry: eng/pomelo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pomelo
trans_list: pomarańcza olbrzymia | pomelo | szadok
sense:
The large fruit of the Citrus maxima (syn. C. grandis), native to South Asia and Southeast Asia, with a thick green or yellow rind, a thick white pith, and semi-sweet translucent pale flesh.


lexentry: eng/pommel_horse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pommel horse
trans_list: kozioł | koń
sense:
An apparatus for gymnastic exercises with a cylindrical body covered with leather and two upright pommels, as hand grips, near the centre; held upright with adjustable legs.


lexentry: eng/pompadour__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pompadour
trans_list: banan
sense:
A women's hairstyle in which the hair is swept upwards from the face and worn high over the forehead.


lexentry: eng/pompom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pompom
trans_list: kutas
sense:
A decorative ball made of pieces of soft fabric, tinsel, plastic, or paper streamers bound at the center, most notably held, waved, and shaken in cheerleading.


lexentry: eng/pompon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pompon
trans_list: pompon
sense:
A bundle of yarn, string, ribbon, etc. tied in the middle and left loose at the ends, so as to form a puff or ball, as for decoration or a showy prop for cheerleading.


lexentry: eng/pondweed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pondweed
trans_list: rdestnica
sense:
opposite-leaved pondweed, Groenlandia densa, only plant of its genus, found chiefly in the Mediterranean region.


lexentry: eng/poniard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poniard
trans_list: sztylet
sense:
(now, chiefly, historical) A dagger typically having a slender square or triangular blade. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pontoon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pontoon
trans_list: ponton
sense:
A flat-bottomed boat or other floating structure used as a buoyant support for a temporary bridge, dock or landing stage.


lexentry: eng/ponytail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ponytail
trans_list: kucyk | koński ogon
sense:
A hairstyle where the hair is pulled back and tied into a single "tail" which hangs down behind the head.


lexentry: eng/pood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pood
trans_list: pud
sense:
An obsolete Russian unit of mass, equal to 40 Russian funt, or about 16.38 kg (approximately 36.11 pounds).


lexentry: eng/poodle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poodle
trans_list: pudel
sense:
A breed of dog originating in Europe as hunting dogs, and having heavy, curly coat in a solid color; their shoulder height indicates their classification as standard, medium, miniature, or toy.


lexentry: eng/poof__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poof
trans_list: puf
sense:
Onomatopoeia indicating a small explosion with a cloud of smoke; as caused by a deflating object, or a magical disappearance.


lexentry: eng/pool__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pool
trans_list: kałuża | pula
sense:
A small and rather deep area of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream or river; a reservoir for water.


lexentry: eng/pool__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pool
trans_list: bilard
sense:
(game, uncountable) A game at billiards, in which each of the players stakes a certain sum, the winner taking the whole; also, in public billiard rooms, a game in which the loser pays the entrance fee for all who engage in the game.


lexentry: eng/pool__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pool
trans_list: bilard
sense:
(sport) A cue sport played on a pool table. There are 15 balls, 7 of one colour or solids, 7 of another color or stripes, and the black ball (also called the 8 ball). A player must pocket all their own colour balls and then the black ball in order to win.


lexentry: eng/pool__Verb__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pool
trans_list: zsumować
sense:
(transitive) To put together; contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual division of profits or losses; to make a common interest of.


lexentry: eng/pool_noodle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pool noodle
trans_list: makaronik
sense:
A long, slender tube or rod, extruded from buoyant foam and usually brightly coloured, used as an exercise tool or toy in swimming pools.


lexentry: eng/poor_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poor box
trans_list: pień
sense:
A locked box with a slot for depositing coins into, usually placed in churches to accept donations for the needy.


lexentry: eng/pop-up__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pop-up
trans_list: wyskakujące okienko
sense:
(internet) A pop-up advertisement; an advertisement that is triggered to appear on a computer screen when the user accesses a particular web page.


lexentry: eng/pop-up_advertisement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pop-up advertisement
trans_list: pop-up
sense:
(Internet, advertising) An advertisement that takes the form of a window that appears automatically on a computer screen when certain websites are visited.


lexentry: eng/pop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pop
trans_list: huk
sense:
(countable) A loud, sharp sound, as of a cork coming out of a bottle, especially when the contents are pressurized by fizziness.


lexentry: eng/pop__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pop
trans_list: napój gazowany
sense:
(uncountable, regional, Midwest US, Canada, Inland North, Midlands, Northwestern US) An effervescent or fizzy drink, most frequently nonalcoholic; soda pop.


lexentry: eng/pop_art__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pop art
trans_list: pop-art | popart
sense:
(arts) A genre of art that uses elements of popular culture, often using techniques from commercial art and advertising.


lexentry: eng/pop_gun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pop gun
trans_list: pukawka
sense:
A toy gun that emits a loud pop by firing a cork from a barrel in which a piston slides, compressing the air and forcing the cork out. The cork is traditionally attached to the toy by a piece of string.


lexentry: eng/pop_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pop music
trans_list: muzyka pop | pop-music
sense:
Music intended for or accepted by a wide audience, usually with a commercial basis and distinguished from other genres such as classical music and folk music, and nowadays also from rock music.


lexentry: eng/popliteus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popliteus
trans_list: mięsień podkolanowy
sense:
(anatomy) A small muscle at the back of the knee that aids in bending the knee and in the rotation of the lower leg.


lexentry: eng/poppy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poppy
trans_list: mak
sense:
Any plant of the genus Papaver or the family Papaveraceae, with crumpled, often red, petals and a milky juice having narcotic properties; especially a common poppy or corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) which has orange-red flowers; the flower of such a plant.


lexentry: eng/poppy__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: poppy
trans_list: mak
sense:
(chiefly, Australia, Britain, Canada) A simple artificial poppy flower worn in a buttonhole or displayed in other contexts to remember those who died in the two World Wars and other armed conflicts, especially around Remembrance Day/Remembrance Sunday.


lexentry: eng/popsicle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popsicle
trans_list: lód na patyku
sense:
(chiefly, _, US, Canada) Frozen fruit juice, flavored sugar water, or the like, on a stick, of a size to be one serving.


lexentry: eng/popular_culture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popular culture
trans_list: popkultura
sense:
The prevailing vernacular culture in any given society, including art, cooking, clothing/fashion, entertainment, fads, films, mass media, music, sports, and style.


lexentry: eng/popular_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popular music
trans_list: pop
sense:
(music) Any genre of music that has wide appeal amongst the general public of a society, typically distributed widely by the music industry; typically as seen in contrast to classical music and folk music.


lexentry: eng/popular_science__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: popular science
trans_list: popularnonaukowy
sense:
(attributive) Of, or having to do with science, but aimed at ordinary people as opposed to scientists; intended for general consumption.


lexentry: eng/popularise__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: popularise
trans_list: popularyzować | spopularyzować
sense:
(transitive, communication) To present information in a form less difficult for the general public to understand or enjoy, especially by excluding details and jargon found in technical or academic publications.


lexentry: eng/popularity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popularity
trans_list: popularność
sense:
The quality or state of being popular; especially, the state of being widely liked or in favor with the people at large.


lexentry: eng/population__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: population
trans_list: ludność | populacja
sense:
A count of the number of residents within a political or geographical boundary such as a town, a nation or the world.


lexentry: eng/population__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: population
trans_list: populacja | ludność
sense:
(biology) A collection of organisms of a particular species, sharing a particular characteristic of interest, most often that of living in a given area.


lexentry: eng/population__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: population
trans_list: ludność
sense:
(statistics) A group of units (persons, objects, or other items) enumerated in a census or from which a sample is drawn.


lexentry: eng/population_density__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: population density
trans_list: gęstość zaludnienia
sense:
Average population per unit area; especially, the average number of people who live per square kilometer (or square mile) of land.


lexentry: eng/population_pyramid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: population pyramid
trans_list: piramida ludności | piramida populacji
sense:
(demography) A graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; it typically forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.


lexentry: eng/populism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: populism
trans_list: populizm
sense:
(philosophy) A political doctrine or philosophy that proposes that the rights and powers of ordinary people are exploited by a privileged elite, and supports their struggle to overcome this.


lexentry: eng/porcelain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porcelain
trans_list: porcelana
sense:
(usually, uncountable) A hard white translucent ceramic, originally made by firing kaolin, quartz, and feldspar at high temperatures but now also inclusive of similar artificial materials; also often (figurative) such a material as a symbol of the fragility, elegance, etc. traditionally associated with porcelain goods.


lexentry: eng/porcelain__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: porcelain
trans_list: porcelana
sense:
(countable, now, _, usually, in the plural) An object made of porcelain, (particularly) art objects or items of tableware.


lexentry: eng/porch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porch
trans_list: ganek | portyk | przedsionek
sense:
(architectural element) A covered entrance to a building, whether taken from the interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the main wall, or projecting without and with a separate roof. A porch often has chair(s), table(s) and swings.


lexentry: eng/porcupine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porcupine
trans_list: jeżozwierz | urson
sense:
Any of several rodents of either of the taxonomic families Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) or Erethizontidae (New World porcupines), both from the infraorder Hystricognathi, noted for their sharp spines or quills, which are raised when the animal is attacked or surprised.


lexentry: eng/porcupine_fish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porcupine fish
trans_list: najeżka
sense:
Any of several tropical fish species in the family Diodontidae that are covered with sharp spines and inflate themselves when threatened. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/pork-barrelling__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pork-barrelling
trans_list: kiełbasa wyborcza
sense:
(politics) The practice of an elected politician giving favours or money to some or all voters in the politician's electorate, or to certain organizations, as compensation or payback for support from those voters or organizations in the past.


lexentry: eng/pork_barrel__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pork barrel
trans_list: kiełbasa wyborcza
sense:
(chiefly, US politics, often, attributively) State funds as assigned for local or regional expenditure; especially, central money used for regional projects which are eyecatching or designed to appeal to voters. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pornocracy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pornocracy
trans_list: pornokracja
sense:
(Roman Catholicism, historical, often, capitalized) The period of the papacy known as the saeculum obscūrum (Latin for “dark age”), and also as the “Rule of the Harlots”, which began with the installation of Pope Sergius III in 904 and lasted for sixty years until the death of Pope John XII in 964, during which time the popes were strongly influenced by the Theophylacti, a powerful and corrupt aristocratic family. [from mid-19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pornography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pornography
trans_list: pornografia
sense:
The explicit literary or visual depiction of sexual subject matter; any display of material of an erotic nature. [from mid-19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pornstache__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pornstache
trans_list: wąsy jak z pornosa
sense:
(slang) A moustache that resembles one worn by an adult film actor, especially associated with the 1970s.


lexentry: eng/porosity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: porosity
trans_list: porowatość
sense:
(countable) A measure of how porous a material is; the ratio of the volume of pores to the total volume


lexentry: eng/porphyria__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porphyria
trans_list: porfiria
sense:
(pathology) Any of several usually hereditary abnormalities of porphyrin metabolism characterized by excretion of excess porphyrins in the urine.


lexentry: eng/porridge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porridge
trans_list: owsianka | kasza
sense:
A dish made of grain or legumes, milk or water, heated and stirred until thick and typically eaten for breakfast.


lexentry: eng/port__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: port
trans_list: port | bakburta | bakbort | lewa burta | konwertować | lewoburtowy
sense:
(nautical, aviation, uncountable) The left-hand side of a vessel, including aircraft, when one is facing the front. Used to unambiguously refer to directions relative to the vessel structure, rather than to a person or object on board.


lexentry: eng/port__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: port
trans_list: port | bakburta | bakbort | lewa burta | przystań | lewoburtowy
sense:
An opening or doorway in the side of a ship, especially for boarding or loading; an embrasure through which a cannon may be discharged; a porthole.


lexentry: eng/port__Noun__2
sense_num: 04
written_rep: port
trans_list: port | przystań
sense:
(bowls, curling) A narrow opening between other players' bowls or stones wide enough for a delivered bowl or stone to pass through.


lexentry: eng/port__Noun__2
sense_num: 07
written_rep: port
trans_list: konwertować
sense:
(also, networking) A number that delimits a connection for specific processes or parts of a network service.


lexentry: eng/port__Noun__2
sense_num: 07
written_rep: port
trans_list: port | złącze
sense:
A logical or physical construct in and from which data are transferred. Computer port on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


lexentry: eng/port__Verb__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: port
trans_list: port | bakburta | bakbort | lewa burta | przystań | lewoburtowy
sense:
(transitive, military) To hold or carry (a weapon) with both hands so that it lies diagonally across the front of the body, with the barrel or similar part near the left shoulder and the right hand grasping the small of the stock; or, to throw (the weapon) into this position on command.


lexentry: eng/port_city__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: port city
trans_list: miasto portowe
sense:
A city built around a port, for its defence, to provide infrastructural support, or as parasitic urban sprawl.


lexentry: eng/port_of_call__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: port of call
trans_list: port pośredni
sense:
(nautical) Any port (except its home port) being visited by a ship, especially to load or unload cargo or passengers or to take on supplies.


lexentry: eng/portable_toilet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portable toilet
trans_list: przenośna toaleta | toi-toi
sense:
A movable toilet, particularly a portable outhouse used where other lavatories are unavailable (as at a construction site) or insufficient (as at special events).


lexentry: eng/portal_vein__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portal vein
trans_list: żyła wrotna
sense:
(anatomy) A short, wide vein located in the abdominal cavity formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins that channels blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to capillary beds in the liver.


lexentry: eng/portamento__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portamento
trans_list: portamento
sense:
(music) A smooth, gliding transition from one note to another; used especially with stringed instruments, and sometimes on brass.


lexentry: eng/portcullis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portcullis
trans_list: brona
sense:
A gate in the form of a grating which is lowered into place at the gateway of a castle, a fort, etc.


lexentry: eng/portfolio__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: portfolio
trans_list: teka
sense:
(politics) The post and the responsibilities of a cabinet minister or other head of a government department. [from 1930s]


lexentry: eng/portmanteau_word__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portmanteau word
trans_list: skrzyżowanie wyrazów | zbitka słowna | zbitka wyrazowa
sense:
(linguistics) A word which combines the meaning of two words (or, rarely, more than two words), formed by combining the words, usually, but not always, by adjoining the first part of one word and the last part of the other, the adjoining parts often having a common vowel.


lexentry: eng/portolan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portolan
trans_list: portolan
sense:
(historic, nautical) A chart of European navigable waters based on descriptions of coasts. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/portrait__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: portrait
trans_list: portret
sense:
(computing, printing) A print orientation where the vertical sides are longer than the horizontal sides.


lexentry: eng/poser__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: poser
trans_list: klej
sense:
Someone who, or something which, poses; a person who sets their body in a fixed position, such as for photography or painting.


lexentry: eng/poseur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poseur
trans_list: pozer | pozerka
sense:
One who affects some behaviour, style, attitude or other condition, often to impress or influence others.


lexentry: eng/position_vector__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: position vector
trans_list: wektor wodzący
sense:
(geometry) Of a point, a vector going from the origin to that point; equivalently, the transpose of the point.


lexentry: eng/positional_notation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: positional notation
trans_list: system pozycyjny
sense:
A notation for numbers in which the value of a digit depends on its position in the string, examples of which include the decimal system and the binary system


lexentry: eng/positive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: positive
trans_list: równy
sense:
(grammar) Describing the primary sense of an adjective, adverb or noun; not comparative, superlative, augmentative nor diminutive.


lexentry: eng/positive__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: positive
trans_list: pozytyw
sense:
(photography) A positive image; one that displays true colors and shades, not their opposites or complements.


lexentry: eng/positive_degree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: positive degree
trans_list: stopień równy
sense:
(grammar) That state of an adjective or adverb indicating simple quality, without comparison or relation to increase or diminution; as in wise, noble.


lexentry: eng/positive_feedback__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: positive feedback
trans_list: dodatnie sprzężenie zwrotne
sense:
(physics) A feedback loop in which the output of a system is amplified with a net positive gain and added to the input signal before the main amplifier.


lexentry: eng/positivism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: positivism
trans_list: pozytywizm
sense:
(philosophy) A doctrine that states that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, and that such knowledge can only come from positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific method, refusing every form of metaphysics.


lexentry: eng/posology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: posology
trans_list: dawkowanie
sense:
(countable, uncountable, pharmacy, pharmacology) The study of the dosages of drugs, especially the determination of appropriate dosages. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/posse__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: posse
trans_list: gromada
sense:
(colloquial) A group of (especially young) people seen as constituting a peer group or band of associates; a gang, a group of friends. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/possess__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: possess
trans_list: opętać
sense:
Of a supernatural entity, especially one regarded as evil: to take control of (an animal or person's body or mind).


lexentry: eng/possessional_adjective__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: possessional adjective
trans_list: przymiotnik jakościowy
sense:
(grammar) An adjective indicating that a noun is in possession of, or has the quality of, some other noun; usually formed in English by the affixation of the suffix -ed, -ful, -y, -ous, -able, -ual, -ish, -ar or -esque, or the suffixoid -like, to the noun being possessed.


lexentry: eng/possessive_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: possessive case
trans_list: dopełniacz
sense:
(grammar) case used to express direct possession, ownership, origin, etc. Though similar in many ways to the genitive case, it is not always the same. Languages that have the possessive case include English and Quenya.


lexentry: eng/possibilism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: possibilism
trans_list: posybilizm
sense:
(philosophy, politics) The belief that possible things exist, as well as actual things. [from 1880s]


lexentry: eng/possibly__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: possibly
trans_list: może
sense:
(modifying a verb) In the realm of possibility; indicates that the action may successfully be performed (is not impossible) regardless of any facts or circumstances known to, stated by or implied by the speaker that might limit the performance.


lexentry: eng/post-Soviet__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: post-Soviet
trans_list: poradziecki | posowiecki | postradziecki | postsowiecki
sense:
(geopolitics, international relations) Relating to the countries which emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union, especially in the context of Russia.


lexentry: eng/post-nut_clarity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-nut clarity
trans_list: jasność poorgazmowa
sense:
(internet slang, vulgar) The brief sense of calm and mental acuity experienced by a person after ejaculation.


lexentry: eng/post-production__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-production
trans_list: postprodukcja
sense:
(cinematography, television) The stages of film (or audio) production happening between the actual filming (or recording) and the completed product.


lexentry: eng/post-traumatic_embitterment_disorder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-traumatic embitterment disorder
trans_list: rozgoryczenie pourazowe
sense:
(psychology) A chronic maladaptive response to a severe manifestation of a usual life occurrence shattering a core belief leading to intrusion and on the flip-side disregard for one’s own condition.


lexentry: eng/post-traumatic_stress_disorder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-traumatic stress disorder
trans_list: zespół stresu pourazowego
sense:
(psychology) A psychological condition that develops following some stressful situation or event, with symptoms such as sleep disturbance, recurrent dreams, flashbacks, hypervigilance, depression, dissociation, withdrawal or lack of concentration.


lexentry: eng/post-truth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-truth
trans_list: postprawda
sense:
The fact or state of being post-truth; a time period or situation in which facts have become less important than emotional persuasion.


lexentry: eng/post-war__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-war
trans_list: powojenny
sense:
Pertaining to a period of time immediately following the end of a war; where there is a cessation of conflict.


lexentry: eng/post__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post
trans_list: poczta
sense:
(obsolete) Each of a series of men stationed at specific places along a postroad, with responsibility for relaying letters and dispatches of the monarch (and later others) along the route. [16th–17th c.]


lexentry: eng/post__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: post
trans_list: poczta
sense:
(dated) A station, or one of a series of stations, established for the refreshment and accommodation of travellers on some recognized route.


lexentry: eng/post__Noun__2
sense_num: 06
written_rep: post
trans_list: poczta
sense:
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) A single delivery of letters; the letters or deliveries that make up a single batch delivered to one person or one address. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/post__Verb__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: post
trans_list: opublikować | postować | publikować | wysyłać | wysłać
sense:
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) To send (an item of mail etc.) through the postal service. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/post_chaise__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post chaise
trans_list: dyliżans pocztowy
sense:
(historical) An enclosed horse-drawn carriage with four wheels, used to transport mail and passengers.


lexentry: eng/post_office__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post office
trans_list: poczta
sense:
(countable) A place (building, office, shop, or counter) concerned with the business of delivering letters, post or mail and selling stamps, etc.


lexentry: eng/post_office_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post office box
trans_list: skrytka pocztowa
sense:
A uniquely addressable lockable box located on the premises of a post office that may be hired as collection point for mail.


lexentry: eng/postage_stamp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postage stamp
trans_list: znaczek pocztowy | znaczek
sense:
A small piece of printed paper stuck on an item to be mailed, indicating that postage has been paid.


lexentry: eng/postalveolar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postalveolar
trans_list: spółgłoska postalweolarna | spółgłoska zadziąsłowa
sense:
(phonetics) Any sound articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge, such as English sh in the word shoe.


lexentry: eng/postcard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postcard
trans_list: pocztówka | karta pocztowa | widokówka
sense:
(post) A rectangular piece of thick paper or thin cardboard, typically used for sending messages by mail without the need for an envelope.


lexentry: eng/postcode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postcode
trans_list: kod pocztowy
sense:
(UK, Irish) A sequence of letters and numbers added to a postal address to aid the sorting and delivery of post or mail.


lexentry: eng/poster_child__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poster child
trans_list: reprezentant | reprezentantka
sense:
(chiefly, North America, idiomatic) One who is a prototypical or quintessential example of something.


lexentry: eng/posterior__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: posterior
trans_list: tylny | zadni
sense:
(anatomy) Nearer the rear or hind end; nearer the caudal end of the body in quadrupeds or the dorsal end in bipeds.


lexentry: eng/posterior_chamber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: posterior chamber
trans_list: komora tylna oka
sense:
(anatomy, ophthalmology) A narrow space inside the eye between the iris and the lens, filled with aqueous humour.


lexentry: eng/postern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postern
trans_list: poterna | potajnik
sense:
(architecture) A back gate, back door, side entrance, or other gateway distinct from the main entrance, especially in a city wall or fortification.


lexentry: eng/postholiday__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postholiday
trans_list: poświąteczny
sense:
Occurring after, or as a consequence of, a holiday; often specifically after the holiday season of late December


lexentry: eng/postindustrial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postindustrial
trans_list: postindustrialny
sense:
Describing the economy of a nation in which manufacturing industry becomes less important and the service and information industries become more important.


lexentry: eng/postmark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postmark
trans_list: pieczątka
sense:
A marking made by a postal service on a delivery, usually indicating the place where and the date and time when the item was received or processed for the first time, mostly serving to cancel a postage stamp.


lexentry: eng/postmodernism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postmodernism
trans_list: postmodernizm
sense:
Any style in art, architecture, literature, philosophy, etc., that reacts against an earlier modernist movement.


lexentry: eng/postpartum__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postpartum
trans_list: poporodowy
sense:
(of a mother, a symptom, a diagnosis or treatment, etc) After giving birth (often defined as within 30 days after childbirth).


lexentry: eng/postsynaptic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postsynaptic
trans_list: postsynaptyczny
sense:
(cytology) In a synapse, of or pertaining to the neuron that bears receptors for neurotransmitter released into the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic neuron.


lexentry: eng/postulate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postulate
trans_list: postulat
sense:
Something assumed without proof as being self-evident or generally accepted, especially when used as a basis for an argument. Sometimes distinguished from axioms as being relevant to a particular science or context, rather than universally true, and following from other axioms rather than being an absolute assumption.


lexentry: eng/pot__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: pot
trans_list: pula
sense:
(gambling, poker) The money available to be won in a hand of poker or a round of other games of chance; (figuratively) any sum of money being used as an enticement.


lexentry: eng/pot_calling_the_kettle_black__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pot calling the kettle black
trans_list: przyganiał kocioł garnkowi
sense:
(idiomatic) A situation in which somebody comments on or accuses someone else of a fault which the accuser shares.


lexentry: eng/potash__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potash
trans_list: potaż
sense:
The water-soluble part of wood ash, used for making soap and glass and as a fertilizer (chemically speaking, an impure form of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) mixed with other potassium salts).


lexentry: eng/potassium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium
trans_list: potas
sense:
A soft, waxy, silvery reactive metal that is never found unbound in nature; an element (symbol K) with an atomic number of 19 and atomic weight of 39.0983. The symbol is derived from the Latin kalium.


lexentry: eng/potassium_carbonate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium carbonate
trans_list: potaż
sense:
(inorganic compound) The alkaline salt K2CO3, that is the major constituent of potash; it is used in the production of glass and some soaps.


lexentry: eng/potassium_chloride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium chloride
trans_list: chlorek potasu
sense:
(inorganic compound) The potassium salt of hydrochloric acid, KCl; it is used as a salt substitute for table salt, a medication, a fertilizer, and a feedstock.


lexentry: eng/potassium_cyanide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium cyanide
trans_list: cyjanek
sense:
(inorganic compound) The potassium salt of hydrocyanic acid, KCN; the colourless crystals are soluble in water, and it is extremely poisonous, and is used in electroplating, the extraction of gold and silver from their ores, and in photography.


lexentry: eng/potassium_dichromate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium dichromate
trans_list: dichromian potasu
sense:
(inorganic compound) A potassium salt of chromic acid, K2Cr2O7; the orange crystals are soluble in water, and it is used as an oxidizing agent and in photography.


lexentry: eng/potassium_hydroxide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium hydroxide
trans_list: wodorotlenek potasu
sense:
(inorganic compound) The alkaline base KOH, once known as caustic potash; it has a number of industrial uses, including the manufacture of bleach.


lexentry: eng/potassium_nitrate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium nitrate
trans_list: saletra
sense:
(inorganic chemistry) KNO3, a naturally occurring salt, notably used as an ingredient of gunpowder; also used a food preservative and as an ingredient in toothpaste for sensitive gums; historically used in the production of nitric acid (HNO3).


lexentry: eng/potassium_permanganate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium permanganate
trans_list: nadmanganian potasu
sense:
(chemistry) KMnO4, the most readily available commercial permanganate; it is used as an oxidizing agent both in industry and in the analytical laboratory.


lexentry: eng/potato__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: potato
trans_list: ziemniak
sense:
(humorous, slang, computing) An underpowered computer or other device, especially when small in size.


lexentry: eng/potato_chip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potato chip
trans_list: francuski
sense:
(UK, Irish) One of a batch of pieces of potato cut into elongated cubes and fried; a chip or chipped potato, usually larger than American french fries.


lexentry: eng/potato_crisp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potato crisp
trans_list: chips | czips
sense:
(Ireland, UK, chiefly, in the plural) A thin slice of potato that has been deep-fried until it is brittle and crispy, and which is eaten when cool; they are typically packaged and sold as a snack.


lexentry: eng/potato_starch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potato starch
trans_list: mąka ziemniaczana
sense:
(gastronomy) A widely diffused vegetable substance found in the extracted material of potatoes used in cooking.


lexentry: eng/poteen__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: poteen
trans_list: poitín
sense:
(Ireland, countable, by extension) An unlicensed drinking establishment selling illegally produced Irish whiskey.


lexentry: eng/potential__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: potential
trans_list: potencjał
sense:
(physics) The work (energy) required to move a reference particle from a reference location to a specified location in the presence of a force field, for example to bring a unit positive electric charge from an infinite distance to a specified point against an electric field.


lexentry: eng/potential_difference__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potential difference
trans_list: różnica potencjałów
sense:
the difference in potential energy between two points in an electric field; the difference in charge between two points in an electrical circuit; voltage


lexentry: eng/potential_energy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potential energy
trans_list: energia potencjalna
sense:
The energy possessed by an object because of its position (in a gravitational or electric field), or its condition (as a stretched or compressed spring, as a chemical reactant, or by having rest mass).


lexentry: eng/potentiometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potentiometer
trans_list: potencjometr
sense:
(electronics) A user-adjustable three-terminal variable resistor that can be used as a voltage divider.


lexentry: eng/pothole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pothole
trans_list: wybój | wyrwa
sense:
A shallow pit or other edged depression in a road's surface, especially when caused by erosion by weather or traffic.


lexentry: eng/potlatch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potlatch
trans_list: potlacz
sense:
(Canada, US, also, figuratively) A ceremony amongst certain indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest in which gifts are bestowed upon guests and personal property is destroyed in a show of generosity and wealth.


lexentry: eng/potoo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potoo
trans_list: nocolot
sense:
Any species of the family Nyctibiidae within the order Nyctibiiformes related to the nightjars (order Caprimulgiformes), and found from southern Mexico to southern Brazil.


lexentry: eng/potoroo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potoroo
trans_list: kanguroszczur
sense:
Any species of the genus Potorous of the rat kangaroo family Potoroidae, endemic to Australia. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/potto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potto
trans_list: potto
sense:
A small primate of the genus Perodicticus, native to the tropical rainforests of Africa. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/poult__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poult
trans_list: chłopak
sense:
A young bird, a chick; now especially, a young game bird (turkey, partridge, grouse etc.). [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/poultice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poultice
trans_list: kataplazm
sense:
A soft, moist mass, usually wrapped in cloth and warmed, that is applied topically to a sore, aching or lesioned part of the body to soothe it.


lexentry: eng/pounce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pounce
trans_list: proszek na atrament
sense:
(historical) A type of fine powder, as of sandarac, or cuttlefish bone, sprinkled over wet ink to dry the ink after writing or on rough paper to smooth the writing surface.


lexentry: eng/pound__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pound
trans_list: funt
sense:
A unit of mass equal to 16 avoirdupois ounces (= 453.592 g). Today this value is the most common meaning of "pound" as a unit of weight.


lexentry: eng/pound_cake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pound cake
trans_list: babka piaskowa
sense:
(US) A dense yellow cake, the traditional recipe for which consists of equal quantities (nominally one pound) of butter, eggs, flour, and sugar.


lexentry: eng/pour__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pour
trans_list: lać | sypać
sense:
(transitive, figurative) To send out as in a stream or a flood; to cause (an emotion) to come out; to cause to escape.


lexentry: eng/powder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: powder
trans_list: proszek | puder | przysypka | zasypka
sense:
The fine particles which are the result of reducing a dry substance by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or the result of decay; dust.


lexentry: eng/powder__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: powder
trans_list: proszek | puder | przysypka | zasypka
sense:
(cosmetics) A mixture of fine dry, sweet-smelling particles applied to the face or other body parts, to reduce shine or to alleviate chaffing.


lexentry: eng/powdered_sugar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: powdered sugar
trans_list: cukier puder
sense:
(US) Very finely ground sugar to which cornstarch is added to prevent lumping, mostly used in icings and confections to produce a smooth texture.


lexentry: eng/power__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: power
trans_list: władza | moc
sense:
The ability or authority to control, govern, command, coerce, etc., such as in a legal, political or business sphere.


lexentry: eng/power__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: power
trans_list: moc | potęga
sense:
(physics, mechanics) A measure of the effectiveness that a force producing a physical effect has over time. If linear, the quotient of: (force multiplied by the displacement of or in an object) ÷ time. If rotational, the quotient of: (force multiplied by the angle of displacement) ÷ time.


lexentry: eng/power__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: power
trans_list: potęga
sense:
(statistics) The probability that a statistical test will reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.


lexentry: eng/power__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: power
trans_list: potęga
sense:
A product of equal factors (and generalizations of this notion): x^n, read as "x to the power of n" or the like, is called a power and denotes the product x \times x \times \cdots \times x, where x appears n times in the product; x is called the base and n the exponent.


lexentry: eng/power_broker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power broker
trans_list: szara eminencja
sense:
A person or group having the ability to influence important decisions, especially in public policy, politics, and business.


lexentry: eng/power_car__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power car
trans_list: głowica napędowa
sense:
A vehicle that propels, and commonly also controls, a passenger train or tram, often as the lead vehicle.


lexentry: eng/power_inverter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power inverter
trans_list: falownik | inwerter | przetwornica
sense:
(electrical engineering) A device that converts direct current electricity to alternating current electricity.


lexentry: eng/power_line__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power line
trans_list: linia wysokiego napięcia
sense:
An electrical wire, cable or conduit, suspended in air by utility poles or transmission towers, or buried underground, used for the carrying of electricity either from a power source such as a generating station to a substation, or from a substation to a building such as a plant, commercial building or a home.


lexentry: eng/power_set__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power set
trans_list: zbiór potęgowy
sense:
(set theory, of a set S) The set whose elements comprise all the subsets of S (including the empty set and S itself).


lexentry: eng/power_steering__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power steering
trans_list: wspomaganie kierownicy
sense:
(automotive) A system for reducing the driver's effort to steer, by using a power source to assist in turning the wheels. (Traditionally hydraulic; now sometimes electric.)


lexentry: eng/power_strip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power strip
trans_list: złodziejka | listwa zasilająca | przedłużacz
sense:
A block of electrical sockets that attaches to the end of a flexible cable and allows multiple electrical devices to be plugged in.


lexentry: eng/power_supply__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: power supply
trans_list: zasilacz
sense:
That part of a piece of electronic apparatus that provides appropriate voltages for the rest of the electronics from the connected AC source.


lexentry: eng/power_tool__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power tool
trans_list: elektronarzędzie
sense:
Any of a wide class of tools powered by a motor (usually an electric motor); most especially such tools as are handheld, portable, and not stationary.


lexentry: eng/power_vacuum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power vacuum
trans_list: próżnia władzy
sense:
A lack of centralised political authority, especially following a conflict, revolution, change of power, etc.


lexentry: eng/powwow__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: powwow
trans_list: rada plemienna (Indian północnoamerykańskich)
sense:
(North America) A large gathering during which Indigenous songs and dances are showcased for an audience, essentially a recital or concert. Often also doubles as a fundraiser, or can be held in conjunction with a non-indigenous fair or exhibition in order to attract a large crowd, as at the Calgary Stampede and K-Days.


lexentry: eng/practice__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: practice
trans_list: praktyka
sense:
(uncountable, especially, medicine, arts) The ongoing pursuit of a craft or profession, particularly in medicine or the fine arts.


lexentry: eng/practicum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: practicum
trans_list: praktyka | praktyka studencka
sense:
(US) A college course designed to give a student supervised practical knowledge of a subject previously studied theoretically.


lexentry: eng/pragmatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pragmatic
trans_list: pragmatyczny
sense:
Practical, concerned with making decisions and actions that are useful in practice, not just theory.


lexentry: eng/pragmatics__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pragmatics
trans_list: pragmatyka
sense:
(linguistics, translation studies) The study of the use of language, especially meaning, in a social context; it includes extratextual aspects of language including exophoric reference, phatic utterances, and nonverbal channels.


lexentry: eng/pragmatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pragmatism
trans_list: pragmatyzm
sense:
The pursuit of practicality over aesthetic qualities; a concentration on facts rather than emotions or ideals.


lexentry: eng/pragmatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pragmatism
trans_list: pragmatyzm
sense:
(philosophy) The idea that beliefs are identified with the actions of a believer, and the truth of beliefs with success of those actions in securing a believer's goals; the doctrine that ideas must be looked at in terms of their practical effects and consequences.


lexentry: eng/pragmatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pragmatism
trans_list: pragmatyzm
sense:
(politics) The theory that political problems should be met with practical solutions rather than ideological ones.


lexentry: eng/prairie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prairie
trans_list: preria
sense:
An extensive area of relatively flat grassland with few, if any, trees, especially in North America.


lexentry: eng/prairie_dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prairie dog
trans_list: nieświszczuk | piesek preriowy
sense:
Any of genus Cynomys, small, stout-bodied burrowing rodents with shallow cheek pouches, native to North America and Central America.


lexentry: eng/praseodymium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: praseodymium
trans_list: prazeodym
sense:
A chemical element (symbol Pr) with an atomic number of 59, a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile rare earth metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties.


lexentry: eng/pray__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pray
trans_list: modlić się | pomodlić się
sense:
(religion) To direct words, thoughts, or one's attention to a deity or any higher being, for the sake of adoration, thanks, petition for help, etc.


lexentry: eng/prayer_wheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prayer wheel
trans_list: młynek modlitewny
sense:
(Buddhism) A rotating cylinder either inscribed with or containing prayers, mainly used by Tibetan Buddhists.


lexentry: eng/praying_mantis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: praying mantis
trans_list: modliszka
sense:
Any of various predatory, cannibalistic insects of the order Mantodea that have a prayer-like stance.


lexentry: eng/pre-Socratic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pre-Socratic
trans_list: przedsokratejski
sense:
(historical) Existing in Ancient Greece before the flourishing of the philosopher Socrates (circa 469–399 BCE).


lexentry: eng/pre-Socratic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pre-Socratic
trans_list: presokratyk
sense:
(historical) Any of the pre-Socratic philosophers, viz. Thales (circa 624–546 BCE), Anaximander (circa 610–546 BCE), Anaximenes (circa 585–525 BCE), Pythagoras (circa 576–495 BCE), Xenophanes (circa 570–480 BCE), Heraclitus (circa 535–475 BCE), Parmenides (early-5th century BCE), Anaxagoras (circa 500–428 BCE), Empedocles (circa 490–430 BCE), and Democritus (circa 460–370 BCE).


lexentry: eng/preacher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preacher
trans_list: kaznodzieja
sense:
Someone who preaches a worldview, philosophy, or religion, especially someone who preaches the gospel and especially a clergyman or clergywoman. In a religious context, usually used only to refer to Protestant Christian clergy.


lexentry: eng/preaching_band__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preaching band
trans_list: befka
sense:
(Christianity, in the plural) Two bands (strips of linen) worn as formal neckwear by members of the Christian clergy.


lexentry: eng/preamble__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preamble
trans_list: preambuła | arenga
sense:
A short preliminary statement or remark, especially an explanatory introduction to a formal document or statute.


lexentry: eng/preamplifier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preamplifier
trans_list: przedwzmacniacz
sense:
A voltage amplifier for amplifying a low-level input signal; its output is the input to a higher-level amplifier.


lexentry: eng/preaspiration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preaspiration
trans_list: przydech
sense:
(phonetics) A period of voiceless breathing that precedes some consonants in some languages—a sort of mirror-image of aspiration.


lexentry: eng/prebiotic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prebiotic
trans_list: prebiotyk
sense:
(chiefly, in plural) A substance in food that is hard to digest and promotes the growth of beneficial intestinal microorganisms. [from 20th c.]


