# translation

lexentry: eng/plan__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plan
trans_list: plan
sense:
A two-dimensional drawing of a building as seen from above with obscuring or irrelevant details such as roof removed, or of a floor of a building, revealing the internal layout; as distinct from the elevation.


lexentry: eng/planche__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planche
trans_list: deska
sense:
(gymnastics) A position where the gymnast is horizontal and face-down, using only the hands as support.


lexentry: eng/plane__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plane
trans_list: płaszczyzna
sense:
(geometry) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane); a bounded portion thereof.


lexentry: eng/plane_angle__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plane angle
trans_list: kąt płaski
sense:
(geometry) An angle formed by two intersecting planes, measured by the angle between two intersecting straight lines that are in respective planes and perpendicular to the intersection of the planes.


lexentry: eng/planer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planer
trans_list: hebel
sense:
(woodworking) A tool which smooths a surface or makes one surface of a workpiece parallel to the tool's bed.


lexentry: eng/planet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planet
trans_list: planeta
sense:
(now, historical, or, astrology) Each of the seven major bodies which move relative to the fixed stars in the night sky—the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. [from 14thc.]


lexentry: eng/planet__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: planet
trans_list: planeta
sense:
(astronomy, historical) Any body that orbits the Sun, including the asteroids (as minor planets) and sometimes the moons of those bodies (as satellite planets)


lexentry: eng/planet__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: planet
trans_list: planeta
sense:
(astronomy, current) A body which is massive enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium (generally resulting in being an ellipsoid) but not enough to attain nuclear fusion and, in IAU usage, which directly orbits a star (or multiple star) and dominates the region of its orbit; specifically, in the case of the Solar system, the eight major bodies of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. [from 2006]


lexentry: eng/planetarium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planetarium
trans_list: planetarium
sense:
A display museum in which images of stars and other astronomical phenomena are projected onto a domed ceiling.


lexentry: eng/planetary_nebula__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planetary nebula
trans_list: mgławica planetarna
sense:
(astronomy) A nebulosity surrounding a dying red giant, consisting of material expelled by the star.


lexentry: eng/planetesimal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planetesimal
trans_list: planetozymal
sense:
(astronomy) Any of many small, solid astronomical objects that orbit a star and form protoplanets through mutual gravitational attraction.


lexentry: eng/planned_obsolescence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planned obsolescence
sense:
A policy of deliberately planning or designing a product with a limited useful life, so it will become obsolete or nonfunctional after a certain period.

trans_list:
planowane ograniczenie trwałości produktu | planowane postarzanie produktu | zaplanowana żywotność produktu


lexentry: eng/planner__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: planner
trans_list: organizer
sense:
A notebook or software in which one keeps reminders of items such as appointments, tasks, projects, and contacts.


lexentry: eng/planning_permission__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planning permission
trans_list: projekt budowlany
sense:
(Britain, construction, law) Legal permission granted by a government authority to construct on one's land, or to change the use of the land. [from mid 1940s]


lexentry: eng/plant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plant
trans_list: roślina | roślina zielna
sense:
(botany) An organism that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis. Typically a small or herbaceous organism of this kind, rather than a tree.


lexentry: eng/plant__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plant
trans_list: roślina
sense:
(botany) An organism of the kingdom Plantae. Now specifically, a living organism of the Embryophyta (land plants) or of the Chlorophyta (green algae), a eukaryote that includes double-membraned chloroplasts in its cells containing chlorophyll a and b, or any organism closely related to such an organism.


lexentry: eng/plant__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plant
trans_list: roślina
sense:
(ecology) Now specifically, a multicellular eukaryote that includes chloroplasts in its cells, which have a cell wall.


lexentry: eng/plant__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plant
trans_list: sadzić | zasadzić
sense:
(ambitransitive) To place (a seed or plant) in soil or other substrate in order that it may live and grow.


lexentry: eng/plant__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plant
trans_list: podkładać | podrzucać | podrzucić | podłożyć
sense:
(transitive) To place (an object, or sometimes a person), often with the implication of intending deceit.


lexentry: eng/plantain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plantain
trans_list: babka
sense:
A plant of the genus Plantago, with a rosette of sessile leaves about 10 cm (4") long with a narrow part instead of a petiole, and with a spike inflorescence with the flower spacing varying widely among the species. See also psyllium.


lexentry: eng/plantaris__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plantaris
trans_list: mięsień podeszwowy
sense:
(muscles) A muscle running at the posterior compartment of the calf from the knee to over the hump of the heel.


lexentry: eng/plantation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plantation
trans_list: plantacja
sense:
A large farm; estate or area of land designated for agricultural growth. Often includes housing for the owner and workers.


lexentry: eng/planter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planter
trans_list: plantator
sense:
Any member of a similar landed class of (often wealthy) farm owners elsewhere, such as plantation owners whose lands are worked by farm workers, wage slaves, or slaves.


lexentry: eng/plaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plaque
trans_list: płyta | tablica
sense:
(countable) Any flat, thin piece of clay, ivory, metal, etc., used for ornament, or for painting pictures upon, as a dish, plate, slab, etc., hung upon a wall; also, a smaller decoration worn by a person, such as a brooch.


lexentry: eng/plaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plaque
trans_list: tablica pamiątkowa
sense:
(countable) A piece of flat metal with writing on it, attached to a building, monument, or other structure to remind people of a person or an event.


lexentry: eng/plaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: plaque
trans_list: blaszka
sense:
(countable, uncountable, pathology) An abnormal accumulation of material in or on an organ of the body, often associated with disease.


lexentry: eng/plasmolysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasmolysis
trans_list: plazmoliza
sense:
(biology) the shrinking of protoplasm away from the cell wall of a plant or bacterium due to water loss.


lexentry: eng/plasmon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasmon
trans_list: plazmon
sense:
(physics, astronomy) The quantum of waves produced by the collective effects of large numbers of electrons when disturbed from equilibrium.


lexentry: eng/plaster__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plaster
trans_list: gips | tynk
sense:
(uncountable) A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand, and water, sometimes with the addition of fibres, that hardens to a smooth solid and is used for coating walls and ceilings; render, stucco.


lexentry: eng/plaster_cast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plaster cast
trans_list: gips
sense:
(surgery) A cast made of a stiff material (often plaster of Paris and gauze) in order to immobilize a broken bone for the period of healing.


lexentry: eng/plaster_of_Paris__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plaster of Paris
trans_list: gips
sense:
A hemihydrate of calcium sulfate, made by calcining gypsum, that hardens when moistened and allowed to dry; used to make casts, molds and sculpture.


lexentry: eng/plasterboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasterboard
trans_list: płyta gipsowo-kartonowa
sense:
A construction material consisting of a rigid panel of several layers of fibreboard or paper bonded to a gypsum core.


lexentry: eng/plastic__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plastic
trans_list: plastik
sense:
(figurative, slang) Insincerity; fakeness; a person who is fake or arrogant, or believes that they are better than the rest of the population; a narcissistic, affected person.


lexentry: eng/plastic_art__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plastic art
trans_list: sztuki plastyczne
sense:
An art form which involves physical manipulation of a three-dimensional medium by moulding or modeling such as sculpture or ceramics.


lexentry: eng/plastic_bag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plastic bag
trans_list: reklamówka | foliówka | zrywka
sense:
A type of packaging made of thin, flexible, plastic film, starch, or plastic textile, used for containing and transporting food, waste, and consumer goods. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/plasticity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plasticity
trans_list: plastyczność
sense:
(physics) The property of a solid body whereby it undergoes a permanent change in shape or size when subjected to a stress exceeding a particular value (the yield value).


lexentry: eng/plasticizer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasticizer
trans_list: plastifikator | zmiękczacz
sense:
Any of various substances added to a material (such as plastic or concrete) in order to make it more pliable.


lexentry: eng/plastid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plastid
trans_list: plastyd
sense:
(cytology) Any of various organelles found in the cells of plants and algae, often used for photosynthesis.


lexentry: eng/plastron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plastron
trans_list: plastron
sense:
The nearly flat part of the shell structure of a tortoise or other animal, similar in composition to the carapace.


lexentry: eng/plastron__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: plastron
trans_list: plastron
sense:
A film of air trapped by specialized hairs against the body of an aquatic insect, and which acts as an external gill.


lexentry: eng/platelet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platelet
trans_list: trombocyt | płytka krwi
sense:
(hematology, cytology) A small colorless disk-shaped particle found in the blood of mammals, which plays an important role in the formation of blood clots.


lexentry: eng/platform__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: platform
trans_list: peron | platforma
sense:
A raised floor for any purpose, e.g. for workmen during construction, or formerly for military cannon.


lexentry: eng/platform_game__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platform game
trans_list: gra platformowa | platformówka
sense:
(video game genre) A video game of the genre characterized by jumping (or otherwise moving) to and from suspended platforms or over obstacles.


lexentry: eng/platform_screen_door__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platform screen door
trans_list: drzwi ekranowe
sense:
(rail) One of a series of doors at a train or subway station, at the edge of a platform, that prevent access beyond the platform when there is no train to be boarded.


lexentry: eng/platinum__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: platinum
trans_list: platynowa | platynowy
sense:
Of a musical recording that has sold over one million copies (for singles), or two million (for albums).


lexentry: eng/platitude__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platitude
trans_list: frazes
sense:
(countable) An often-quoted saying that is supposed to be meaningful but has become unoriginal or hackneyed through overuse.


lexentry: eng/platoon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platoon
trans_list: pluton
sense:
(military) A unit of thirty to forty soldiers typically commanded by a lieutenant and forming part of a company.


lexentry: eng/platypus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platypus
trans_list: dziobak
sense:
A semi-aquatic, egg-laying monotreme mammal with a bill resembling that of a duck, that has a mole-like body, a tail resembling that of a beaver, a waterproof pelt, and flat webbed feet – males have poisonous spurs on the inside of the back legs; Ornithorhynchus anatinus.


lexentry: eng/plausibility__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: plausibility
trans_list: prawdopodobnie
sense:
(now in more positive sense) The fact of being believable; believability, credibility. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/plausible_deniability__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plausible deniability
trans_list: wiarygodne zaprzeczenie
sense:
(politics, business, military, espionage) The organization of clandestine activity in such a way that knowledge of its existence may be denied by those in authority.


lexentry: eng/play__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: play
trans_list: zabawa
sense:
(uncountable, sports, with certain prepositions, also figurative) The sphere or circumstance in which a playing implement, such as a ball, is available to be played (see also in play, out of play).


lexentry: eng/play__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: play
trans_list: sztuka
sense:
(countable) A literary composition, intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue.


lexentry: eng/play__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: play
trans_list: grać | bawić się
sense:
(intransitive) To act in a manner such that one has fun; to engage in activities expressly for the purpose of recreation or entertainment.


lexentry: eng/play__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: play
trans_list: grać | odtwarzać | puścić
sense:
(transitive, of a person) To operate (a device or media) so as to cause sound (especially music) or moving pictures to be produced.


lexentry: eng/play__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: play
trans_list: udawać | udać
sense:
(transitive, of a, theatrical company, or, band, etc.) To perform or give performances in or at (a venue or location).


lexentry: eng/play__Verb__1
sense_num: 16
written_rep: play
trans_list: grać | odtwarzać | puścić
sense:
(AAVE, intransitive) To kid; to joke; to say something for amusement; to act, or to treat something, unseriously.


lexentry: eng/play_by_ear__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: play by ear
trans_list: grać ze słuchu
sense:
(transitive, and, intransitive, of, music) To play guided by one's musical perception and intuition, rather than from a written score.


lexentry: eng/play_by_ear__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: play by ear
trans_list: improwizować | puszczać na żywioł | puścić na żywioł
sense:
(transitive, and, intransitive, idiomatic) To do by guessing, intuition, or trial and error; to react to events as they occur, often with risk of negative outcomes; to improvise.


lexentry: eng/play_doctor__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: play doctor
trans_list: bawić się w doktora
sense:
(sexuality, usually of minors) To explore or sexually engage with another person's private parts, particularly in the context of roleplay of a medical nature.


lexentry: eng/play_gooseberry__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: play gooseberry
trans_list: być piątym kołem u wozu
sense:
(dated, UK, _, slang) To be an unwanted third party accompanying two lovers, to serve as a chaperon.


lexentry: eng/play_hard_to_get__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: play hard to get
trans_list: udawać niedostępnego | udawać niedostępną | zgrywać osobę niedostępną
sense:
(courtship) To be coy; to feign lack of romantic interest in a certain person, so as to force that person to be more overt in expressing interest.


lexentry: eng/play_with__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: play with
trans_list: bawić się
sense:
(transitive) To fiddle with; make small adjustments to, for example to something mechanical in order to improve its performance.


lexentry: eng/play_with_fire__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: play with fire
trans_list: igrać z ogniem | bawić się zapałkami
sense:
(idiomatic) To put oneself in a precarious situation with a high risk of getting harmed, particularly emotionally or financially.


lexentry: eng/playboy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: playboy
trans_list: playboy
sense:
A single man, especially a wealthy one, who devotes himself to a life of leisure and pleasure, often sexual, without commitments or responsibilities.


lexentry: eng/playdate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: playdate
trans_list: kinderbal
sense:
The occasion of a child having a friend come over to play at their house, traditionally scheduled by both children's parents.


lexentry: eng/playground__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: playground
trans_list: plac zabaw
sense:
(outdoors) A large open space for children to play in, usually having dedicated play equipment (such as swings and slides). [1780]


lexentry: eng/playing_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: playing card
trans_list: karta | karta do gry
sense:
(cards) Any of the usually 52 rectangular pieces of card used to play numerous games, featuring either one to 10 pips or a picture and belonging of one of four suits.


lexentry: eng/playlist__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: playlist
trans_list: lista odtwarzania | playlista
sense:
(computing) A list of tracks or videos to be played in a particular sequence, as from an audio CD or a streaming service.


lexentry: eng/pleach__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleach
trans_list: plecenie | plecionka
sense:
An act or result of interweaving; specifically, (horticulture) a hedge or lattice created by interweaving the branches of shrubs, trees, etc.


lexentry: eng/pleach__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleach
trans_list: pleść
sense:
(transitive) To unite by interweaving, as (horticulture) branches of shrubs, trees, etc., to create a hedge; to interlock, to plash.


lexentry: eng/please_repeat_after_me__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: please repeat after me
trans_list: proszę powtarzać za mną
sense:
A request for the interlocutor to repeat what the speaker says next. Often used in language training.


lexentry: eng/please_say_that_again__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Used as request for the interlocutor to repeat what he or she said previously.
written_rep: please say that again
trans_list:
Mogłabyś powtórzyć? | Mógłbyś powtórzyć? | Przepraszam, mogłaby pani powtórzyć? | Przepraszam, mógłby pan powtórzyć?


lexentry: eng/please_turn_left__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: please turn left
trans_list: proszę skręcić w lewo
sense:
When giving directions to a person (for example, a taxi driver), indicates that he or she should turn left.


lexentry: eng/please_turn_right__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: please turn right
trans_list: proszę skręcić w prawo
sense:
When giving directions to a person (for example, a taxi driver), indicates that he or she should turn right.


lexentry: eng/pleased_to_meet_you__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A polite formula used when being introduced to somebody.
written_rep: pleased to meet you
trans_list:
miło mi cię poznać | miło mi was poznać | miło mi Pana poznać | miło mi Panią poznać | miło mi Państwa poznać


lexentry: eng/pleat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleat
trans_list: plisa
sense:
(sewing) A fold in the fabric of a garment, usually a skirt, as a part of the design of the garment, with the purpose of adding controlled fullness and freedom of movement, or taking up excess fabric. There are many types of pleats, differing in their construction and appearance.


lexentry: eng/plebiscite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plebiscite
trans_list: plebiscyt
sense:
(law, politics) A direct popular vote on an issue of public importance, such as an amendment to the constitution, a change in the sovereignty of the nation, or some government policy.


lexentry: eng/plebiscitum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plebiscitum
trans_list: plebiscitum | plebiscyt
sense:
(Ancient Rome) A law enacted by the plebs, under the superintendence of a tribune or some subordinate plebeian magistrate, without the senate's intervention.


lexentry: eng/plectrum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plectrum
trans_list: plektron | kostka
sense:
(music) A small piece of plastic, metal, ivory, etc., for plucking the strings of a guitar, lyre, mandolin, etc.


lexentry: eng/plenipotentiary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plenipotentiary
trans_list: pełnomocnik | ambasador
sense:
A person invested with full powers, especially as the diplomatic agent of a sovereign state, (originally) charged with handling a certain matter. [from c. 1645]


lexentry: eng/pleonasm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pleonasm
trans_list: pleonazm
sense:
(countable) A phrase involving pleonasm; a phrase containing one or more words which are redundant because their meaning is expressed elsewhere in the phrase.


lexentry: eng/pleophony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleophony
trans_list: pełnogłos
sense:
(phonology) The phenomenon by which the Late Proto-Slavic "liquid diphthongs", formed from a vowel followed by a liquid *r or *l, become disyllabic -oro-, -ere- and -olo- reflexes in East Slavic languages.


lexentry: eng/pleroma__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pleroma
trans_list: pełnia
sense:
(Christianity) A state of perfect fullness, especially of God's being as incarnated in Jesus Christ.


lexentry: eng/pleroma__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleroma
trans_list: pełnia
sense:
(Gnosticism, historical) Often preceded by the: the spiritual universe seen as the totality of the essence and powers of God.


lexentry: eng/plesiosaur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plesiosaur
trans_list: plezjozaur
sense:
Any of the order †Plesiosauria of extinct marine reptiles, from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. [from c. 1840]


lexentry: eng/pleura__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleura
trans_list: opłucna
sense:
(anatomy) Each of a pair of smooth serous membranes which line the thorax and envelop the lungs in humans and other mammals.


lexentry: eng/plexiglass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plexiglass
trans_list: pleksiglas
sense:
polymethyl methacrylate (polymer of methyl methacrylate), a tough transparent plastic used sometimes in lieu of glass.


lexentry: eng/plicate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plicate
trans_list: składany
sense:
(biology) Folded multiple times lengthwise like a fan, usually lending stiffness to a flat structure such as a leaf; corrugated; pleated.


lexentry: eng/pliers__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pliers
trans_list: cęgi | szczypce | cążki | kleszcze | kombinerki
sense:
A pincer-like gripping tool that multiplies the strength of the user's hand, often used for bending things.


lexentry: eng/plimsoll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plimsoll
trans_list: trampek
sense:
(UK, Irish) A rubber-soled lace-up canvas shoe for sports or onboard ships; a precursor of trainers.


lexentry: eng/plodder__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plodder
trans_list: grzebuła | guzdrała | maruda | maruder | ślamazara | ślamazarnik
sense:
A person who works slowly, making a great effort with little result; a person who studies laboriously.


lexentry: eng/plop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plop
trans_list: pluśnięcie
sense:
(countable) A sound or action like liquid hitting a hard surface, or an object falling into a body of water.


lexentry: eng/plot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plot
trans_list: fabuła | sjużet
sense:
(narratology) The course of a story, comprising a series of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means. [from 1640s]


lexentry: eng/plot__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: plot
trans_list: spisek
sense:
A secret plan to achieve an end, the end or means usually being illegal or otherwise questionable. [from 1580s]


lexentry: eng/plot_twist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plot twist
trans_list: zwrot akcji
sense:
A change in the direction or expected outcome of the plot of a film, novel, or other narrative work.


lexentry: eng/plotter__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plotter
trans_list: ploter | plotter
sense:
(computing) An output device that draws graphs and other pictorial images on paper, sometimes using attached pens.


lexentry: eng/plough__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plough
trans_list: pług
sense:
(agriculture) A device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting.


lexentry: eng/plough__Verb__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: plough
trans_list: orać
sense:
(joinery) To cut a groove in, as in a plank, or the edge of a board; especially, a rectangular groove to receive the end of a shelf or tread, the edge of a panel, a tongue, etc.


lexentry: eng/pluck__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pluck
trans_list: brzdęknąć
sense:
(transitive, music) To play (a single string on a musical instrument) by pulling and then releasing it, such as on a guitar.


lexentry: eng/plug__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plug
trans_list: wtyczka
sense:
(electricity) A pronged connecting device which fits into a mating socket, especially an electrical one.


lexentry: eng/plum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plum
trans_list: śliwka
sense:
An edible, fleshy stone fruit of Prunus domestica (European plum), often of a dark red or purple colour. [from 8th c.]


lexentry: eng/plumage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plumage
trans_list: pierze
sense:
(ornithology, collective noun) Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally; feathering.


lexentry: eng/plumber__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plumber
trans_list: hydraulik
sense:
One who furnishes, fits, and repairs pipes and other apparatus for the conveyance of water, gas, or drainage.


lexentry: eng/plumbing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plumbing
trans_list: instalacja wodno-kanalizacyjna
sense:
The pipes, together with the joints, tanks, stopcocks, taps, and other fixtures of a water, gas, or sewage system in a house or other building.


lexentry: eng/plumbism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plumbism
trans_list: ołowica
sense:
(medicine) A diseased condition, produced by the absorption of lead, common among workers in this metal or in its compounds, as among painters, typesetters, etc. Symptoms include lead colic, lead line, and wrist drop.


lexentry: eng/plume__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plume
trans_list: pióro
sense:
(archaic, literary, and, poetic) A feather of a bird, especially a large or showy one used as a decoration.


lexentry: eng/plume__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plume
trans_list: pióropusz
sense:
(archaic, literary, and, poetic) A cluster of feathers worn as an ornament, especially on a helmet; a hackle.


lexentry: eng/plume__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: plume
trans_list: pióropusz
sense:
(geology) Ellipsis of mantle plume (“an upwelling of abnormally hot molten material from the Earth's mantle which spreads sideways when it reaches the lithosphere”).


lexentry: eng/plume__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: plume
trans_list: pióropusz
sense:
The furry tail of certain dog breeds (such as the Samoyed) that curls over their backs or stands erect.


lexentry: eng/plummet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plummet
trans_list: ciężarek | pion
sense:
(archaic, nautical) A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water; a plumb bob or a plumb line.


lexentry: eng/plunge__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plunge
trans_list: nurkować
sense:
(figuratively, transitive) To cast, stab or throw deep and fast into some thing, state, condition or action.


lexentry: eng/pluperfect_tense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pluperfect tense
trans_list: czas zaprzeszły
sense:
(grammar, of a verb) Tense of a verb used when referring to something that happened before a past setting or the imperfect; formed in English by adding had before the past participle of a verb, or by adding had been before the present participle of the verb.


lexentry: eng/plural__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plural
trans_list: liczba mnoga
sense:
(grammar, uncountable) The plural number. In English, referring to more or less than one of something.


lexentry: eng/plural__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plural
trans_list: liczba mnoga
sense:
(grammar, countable) A word in the form in which it potentially refers to something other than one person or thing; and other than two things if the language has a dual form.


lexentry: eng/plurale_tantum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plurale tantum
trans_list: plurale tantum | pluralia tantum
sense:
(grammar) A noun (either in certain of its senses or in all its senses) that does not generally have a singular form.


lexentry: eng/plurality__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: plurality
trans_list: większość względna
sense:
(countable) A number of votes for a single candidate or position which is greater than the number of votes gained by any other single candidate or position voted for, but which is less than a majority of valid votes cast.


lexentry: eng/plus_sign__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plus sign
trans_list: plus
sense:
(arithmetic) The symbol + used to denote the operation of addition, to indicate that a number is positive, and so on.


lexentry: eng/plutino__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plutino
trans_list: plutonek
sense:
(astronomy) Any planetoid in the Kuiper belt whose orbit, like that of Pluto, has a resonance of 3:2 with that of Neptune.


lexentry: eng/plutonium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plutonium
trans_list: pluton
sense:
The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 94 and symbol Pu: a silvery-gray fissile radioactive actinide metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.


lexentry: eng/ply__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: ply
trans_list: ruch
sense:
(artificial intelligence, combinatorial, _, game theory) In two-player sequential games, a "half-turn" or a move made by one of the players.


lexentry: eng/ply__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ply
trans_list: zwijać | zwinąć
sense:
(transitive, obsolete) To bend; to fold; to mould; (figuratively) to adapt, to modify; to change (a person's) mind, to cause (a person) to submit.


lexentry: eng/ply__Verb__2
sense_num: 07
written_rep: ply
trans_list: narzucać się | narzucić się | pracować żmudnie | zasypać | zasypywać
sense:
(intransitive, nautical, obsolete) To manoeuvre a sailing vessel so that the direction of the wind changes from one side of the vessel to the other; to work to windward, to beat, to tack.


lexentry: eng/pneumothorax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pneumothorax
trans_list: odma opłucnowa
sense:
(medicine) Presence of air inside the pleural cavity, usually caused by injury either to the lung or the chest wall.


lexentry: eng/pnictogen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pnictogen
trans_list: azotowiec
sense:
(chemistry) Any element from group 15 of the periodic table, which includes nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.


lexentry: eng/po-faced__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: po-faced
trans_list: nieprzystępny
sense:
(British) Wearing a particularly stern and disapproving expression; humourless; priggish. [from 1930s]


lexentry: eng/poacher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poacher
trans_list: kłusownik
sense:
A person who trespasses in order to take game illegally, one who poaches; a person who illegally takes animals or plants from the wild.


lexentry: eng/pocket__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pocket
trans_list: łuza
sense:
(sports, billiards, pool, snooker) An indention and cavity with a net sack or similar structure (into which the balls are to be struck) at each corner and one centered on each side of a pool or snooker table.


lexentry: eng/podcast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: podcast
trans_list: podcast | słuchowisko
sense:
A program, especially an audio program, produced on a regular basis, delivered over the Internet in a compressed digital format and designed for playback on computers or portable devices such as mobile phones. [from early 21st c.]


lexentry: eng/podium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: podium
trans_list: podium | podest
sense:
A platform on which to stand, as when conducting an orchestra or preaching at a pulpit; any low platform or dais.


lexentry: eng/podium__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: podium
trans_list: podium
sense:
(sports, and, other competitions) A steepled platform upon which the three competitors with the best results may stand when being handed their medals or prize.


lexentry: eng/poetic_justice__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: poetic justice
trans_list: poetycka sprawiedliwość
sense:
(by extension, generally) The fact of someone experiencing what they deserve for their actions, especially when this happens in an ironic manner.


lexentry: eng/poetic_licence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poetic licence
trans_list: licentia poetica
sense:
Any departure from convention or from factual accuracy taken by a writer to achieve a desired effect.


lexentry: eng/poetry__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: poetry
trans_list: poezja
sense:
(figurative) An artistic quality that appeals to or evokes the emotions, in any medium; something having such a quality.


lexentry: eng/pogo_stick__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pogo stick
trans_list: pogo
sense:
A toy, used for hopping up and down on, consisting of a pole with a T-bar handle at one end, and spring-loaded footpads on the other.


lexentry: eng/pohutukawa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pohutukawa
trans_list: metrosideros wyniosły
sense:
A coastal evergreen tree, Metrosideros excelsa, native to New Zealand and producing a brilliant display of red flowers with prominent stamens around Christmastime. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/poinsettia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poinsettia
trans_list: poinsecja | gwiazda betlejemska | wilczomlecz piękny | poinsecja nadobna | wilczomlecz nadobny
sense:
A plant, Euphorbia pulcherrima, with rather small and insignificant flowers surrounded by large bright red leaves; native to Mexico and Central America and widely cultivated as a garden plant.


lexentry: eng/point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point
trans_list: punkt | kropka
sense:
(mathematics, science) A zero-dimensional mathematical object representing a location in one or more dimensions; something considered to have position but no magnitude or direction. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/point__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: point
trans_list: przecinek | argument | punkt widzenia | racja
sense:
(automotive, mostly, in the plural) Either of the two metal surfaces in a distributor which close or open to allow or prevent the flow of current through the ignition coil. There is usually a moving point, pushed by the distributor cam, and a fixed point, and they are built together as a unit.


lexentry: eng/point__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: point
trans_list: punkt
sense:
(typography) a unit of measure equal to 1/12 of a pica, or approximately 1/72 of an inch (exactly 1/72 of an inch in the digital era). [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/point__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point
trans_list: wskazywać | wskazać
sense:
(intransitive) To extend the index finger in the direction of something in order to show where it is or to draw attention to it.


lexentry: eng/point_guard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point guard
trans_list: baza
sense:
(basketball) A guard who is usually the shortest of the five basketball positions, and specializes in handling the ball, distributing it to the other players and generally running the team's offense.


lexentry: eng/point_of_inflection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point of inflection
trans_list: punkt przegięcia
sense:
(mathematics) A point on a curve at which the sign of the curvature changes; at this point the second derivative of the underlying function will be zero, but positive on one side and negative on the other.


lexentry: eng/point_of_interest__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: point of interest
trans_list: ciekawe miejsce
sense:
A location that is worth visiting because it is a tourist attraction or the base for some type of service such as a restaurant or shop.


lexentry: eng/point_of_no_return__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point of no return
trans_list: punkt bez powrotu
sense:
(aviation) The point in an aircraft's flight when there is insufficient fuel to reverse direction and return to the place of origin.


lexentry: eng/point_of_sale__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point of sale
trans_list: kasa
sense:
(retail) The location at which payment for goods is made in an establishment that sells goods or services.


lexentry: eng/point_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point out
trans_list: wskazywać | wskazać
sense:
(transitive, idiomatic) To identify among a group of similar subjects, or in a scene where the subject might not be readily seen or noticed, with a gesture of the body.


lexentry: eng/pointer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pointer
trans_list: wskaźnik | wskazówka
sense:
A needlelike component of a timepiece or measuring device that indicates the time or the current reading of the device.


lexentry: eng/pointlessness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pointlessness
trans_list: bezcelowość
sense:
(countable) The lack of meaning, purpose, or ideas; the characteristic or condition of being pointless.


lexentry: eng/points__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: points
trans_list: rozjazd
sense:
(rail transport, UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) Movable rails which can be used to switch a train from one railway track to another.


lexentry: eng/poisoned_chalice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poisoned chalice
trans_list: niedźwiedzia przysługa | koszula Dejaniry
sense:
(idiomatic) Something which is initially regarded as advantageous but which is later recognized to be disadvantageous or harmful; an apparently beneficial or benign instrument or scheme for causing death or harm.


lexentry: eng/poker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poker
trans_list: ożóg | pogrzebacz
sense:
A metal rod, generally of wrought iron, for adjusting the burning logs or coals in a fire; a firestick. [from earlier 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/poker_face__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poker face
trans_list: twarz pokerzysty
sense:
(poker) An impassive facial expression cultivated to prevent other players from determining whether one's actions in the game are the result of a quality hand, or of bluffing.


lexentry: eng/polar__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar
trans_list: biegunowy | polarny
sense:
(geography) Of, relating to, measured from, or referred to a geographic pole (the North Pole or South Pole); within the Arctic or Antarctic circles.


lexentry: eng/polar__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar
trans_list: biegunowy
sense:
(mathematics) Of a coordinate system, specifying the location of a point in a plane by using a radius and an angle.


lexentry: eng/polar_bear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar bear
trans_list: niedźwiedź polarny | niedźwiedź biały
sense:
A hypercarnivorous species of bear, Ursus maritimus, whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle.


lexentry: eng/polar_circle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar circle
trans_list: koło podbiegunowe | krąg polarny
sense:
(geography) Either of the two parallels of the Earth located at the latitude of 66° 33′ 44″ N and 66° 33′ 44″ S.


lexentry: eng/polar_night__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar night
trans_list: noc polarna
sense:
A period of continual darkness that occurs in winter in the polar regions of Earth, during which the sun never rises above the horizon.


lexentry: eng/polarization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polarization
trans_list: polaryzacja
sense:
(physics) The production of polarized light; the direction in which the electric field of an electromagnetic wave points.


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pole
trans_list: pręt | drąg
sense:
Originally, a stick; now specifically, a long and slender piece of metal or (especially) wood, used for various construction or support purposes.


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pole
trans_list: tyczka
sense:
A long sports implement used for pole-vaulting; now made of glassfiber or carbon fiber, formerly also metal, bamboo and wood have been used.


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pole
trans_list: biegun
sense:
A point of magnetic focus, especially each of the two opposing such points of a magnet (designated north and south).


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pole
trans_list: biegun
sense:
(figuratively, by extension) Any of a small set of extremes; especially, either of two extremes that are possible or available.


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__2
sense_num: 05
written_rep: pole
trans_list: biegun
sense:
(electricity) A contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves.


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__2
sense_num: 06
written_rep: pole
trans_list: biegun
sense:
(complex analysis) For a meromorphic function f(z), any point a for which f(z) \rightarrow \infty as z \rightarrow a.


lexentry: eng/pole_star__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pole star
trans_list: gwiazda polarna
sense:
(star) The star visible to the naked eye which was in the past, is now, or will be in the future nearest a celestial pole of a planet.


lexentry: eng/pole_vault__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pole vault
trans_list: skok o tyczce
sense:
(athletics) a jumping event contested in track and field which requires an athlete to carry a fiberglass pole down a runway, plant the pole into a vaulting box and vault over a fiberglass bar, landing on a matted pit


lexentry: eng/polearm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polearm
trans_list: broń drzewcowa
sense:
A close-quarter combat weapon with the main fighting part of the weapon placed on the end of a long shaft, typically of wood.


lexentry: eng/polemical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polemical
trans_list: polemiczny
sense:
(somewhat, _, derogative) Prone to causing disputes; inclined to causing the expression of opposing opinions, disputatious, contentious, edgy.


lexentry: eng/polenta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polenta
trans_list: polenta
sense:
Any of various types and consistencies of a starchy accompaniment to a meal made from coarse maize-meal porridge, sometimes fried or grilled.


lexentry: eng/police__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police
trans_list: policja
sense:
(North America, &, _, historical) A department of local (usually municipal) government responsible for general law enforcement.


lexentry: eng/police_brutality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police brutality
trans_list: brutalność policji
sense:
The use of excessive, unjustified force, typically of a physical nature, but also including verbal abuse and psychological intimidation, by a police officer while carrying out, or under the cover of carrying out, law enforcement duties.


lexentry: eng/police_procedural__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police procedural
trans_list: dramat kryminalny
sense:
A subgenre of crime fiction which portrays the activities of a police force as they investigate crimes. Unlike in other types of crime fiction, the perpetrator may be known at the outset of the story.


lexentry: eng/police_state__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police state
trans_list: państwo policyjne
sense:
(usually, pejorative) A polity whose government exercises strict and repressive control of the people.


lexentry: eng/police_station__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police station
trans_list: komisariat | posterunek policji | komenda policji
sense:
A building serving as the headquarters of a branch of the police force, and sometimes as a temporary place of confinement for offenders.


lexentry: eng/policy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: policy
trans_list: polityka
sense:
A principle of behaviour, conduct which an entity (government, organization, etc.) applies or seeks to follow, especially as formally expressed by an authoritative body. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/policy__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: policy
trans_list: polityka
sense:
Wise, advantageous, or politic conduct; prudence, formerly also with connotations of craftiness. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/poliomyelitis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poliomyelitis
trans_list: choroba Heinego-Medina | heinemedina | polio | porażenie dziecięce
sense:
(pathology) Acute infection by the poliovirus, especially of the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis and sometimes deformity.


lexentry: eng/politburo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: politburo
trans_list: politbiuro | Biuro Polityczne
sense:
(communism, Marxism) The governing council and chief policymaking body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and other Marxist-Leninist political systems.


lexentry: eng/political__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: political
trans_list: polityczny
sense:
(pejorative) Motivated, especially inappropriately, by political (electoral; or, more generally, power, standing, influence or conflict) calculation.


lexentry: eng/political__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: political
trans_list: polityczny
sense:
Of or relating to views about social relationships that involve power, standing, influence or conflict.


lexentry: eng/political_asylum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political asylum
trans_list: azyl
sense:
The protection, by a sovereign state, of a person who is persecuted in their own country for their political opinions or activity


lexentry: eng/political_economy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political economy
trans_list: ekonomia polityczna
sense:
(economics, politics) Interdisciplinary studies drawing upon economics, law, and political science in explaining how political institutions, the political environment, and the economic system — capitalist, socialist, mixed, and so on — influence each other.


lexentry: eng/political_opposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political opposition
trans_list: opozycja
sense:
A recognized political party or group of parties in multiparty political systems that is present in Parliament or some other legislative body and does not control the floor (usually due to being in the minority).


lexentry: eng/political_party__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political party
trans_list: partia polityczna | partia | stronnictwo
sense:
A political organization that subscribes to a certain ideology and seeks to attain political power through representation in government.


lexentry: eng/polity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polity
trans_list: reżim
sense:
(politics, religion, usually, uncountable) Organizational structure and governance, especially of a state or a religion.


lexentry: eng/polity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: polity
trans_list: państwo
sense:
(political science, countable) A politically organized unit, especially a nation of people, a class or ingroup that governs it, or the state ruled thereby.


lexentry: eng/pollination__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pollination
trans_list: zapylenie
sense:
(botany) The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma; effected by insects, birds, bats and the wind etc.


lexentry: eng/polling_station__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polling station
trans_list: lokal wyborczy
sense:
(Britain, Canada, Australia) a place where voters go to cast their ballot in an election or referendum; a voting station


lexentry: eng/pollution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pollution
trans_list: zanieczyszczenie
sense:
Physical contamination, now especially the contamination of the environment by harmful substances, or by disruptive levels of noise, light etc. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/polo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polo
trans_list: polo
sense:
(uncountable) A ball game where two teams of players on horseback use long-handled mallets to propel the ball along the ground and into their opponent's goal.


lexentry: eng/polo_shirt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polo shirt
trans_list: koszulka polo | polo | polówka
sense:
A casual, usually short-sleeved, shirt with a protruding collar and a small number of buttons extending a short distance below the collar (and not all the way down the front of the shirt).


lexentry: eng/poltergeist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poltergeist
trans_list: poltergeist
sense:
(parapsychology) An unseen ghost which makes noises and causes disruption, especially by causing physical objects to move or fly about.


lexentry: eng/polyamide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyamide
trans_list: poliamid
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any of a range of polymers containing amide (or peptide) repeat units; examples include proteins and nylon.


lexentry: eng/polyamory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyamory
trans_list: poliamoria
sense:
Any of various practices involving romantic or sexual relationships with multiple partners with the knowledge and consent of all involved.


lexentry: eng/polyandry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyandry
trans_list: poliandria
sense:
The having of a plurality of husbands at the same time; usually, the marriage of a woman to more than one man, or the practice of having several husbands, at the same time.


lexentry: eng/polycarbonate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polycarbonate
trans_list: poliwęglany
sense:
(chemistry) Any of a range of polymers of aromatic carbonates; they are used to make light, flexible alternatives to glass. Abbreviation: PC


lexentry: eng/polychete__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polychete
trans_list: wieloszczet
sense:
Any of many annelid worms, of the class Polychaeta, such as the lugworm; they have a segmented body with pairs of bristles on each segment.


lexentry: eng/polycondensation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polycondensation
trans_list: polikondensacja
sense:
(chemistry) Any condensation reaction, of a monomer having two functional groups, which leads to the formation of a polymer (a polycondensate).


lexentry: eng/polycystic_ovary_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polycystic ovary syndrome
trans_list: zespół policystycznych jajników
sense:
(medicine) A syndrome characterised by polycystic ovaries, menstrual disturbance, and high levels of androgens or insulin.


lexentry: eng/polycythemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polycythemia
trans_list: nadkrwistość
sense:
(disease) A rare disorder in which the bone marrow produces an abnormally large amount of blood cells, often red blood cells.


lexentry: eng/polydactyly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polydactyly
trans_list: polidaktylia
sense:
(medicine, teratology) A congenital condition in which a person or animal has more than the usual number of digits (fingers or toes) on at least one of their hands or feet.


lexentry: eng/polyethylene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyethylene
trans_list: polietylen
sense:
(organic compound) A polymer consisting of many ethylene monomers bonded together; used for kitchenware, containers etc.


lexentry: eng/polygamy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: polygamy
trans_list: poligamia
sense:
(often, especially in common use) Synonym of polygyny (“marriage of a man to more than one wife, the practice of having several wives at the same time”).


lexentry: eng/polyglot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyglot
trans_list: poliglota
sense:
A publication in several languages; specifically, a book (especially a bible) containing several versions of the same subject matter or text in several languages.


lexentry: eng/polygonum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polygonum
trans_list: rdest
sense:
(botany) Any of many plants, of the family Polygonaceae, embracing a large number of species, including bistort, knotweed, smartweed, etc.


lexentry: eng/polygyny__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polygyny
trans_list: poligynia | wielożeństwo
sense:
The state or practice of having several wives at the same time; plurality of wives; marriage to several wives.


lexentry: eng/polyhistor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyhistor
trans_list: polihistor
sense:
Someone gifted or learned to a great extent or in multiple disciplines; a great scholar. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/polylectic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polylectic
trans_list: polilektyczny
sense:
(entomology) Of or relating to an insect (especially a bee) which collects pollen from the flowers of a variety of unrelated plants.


lexentry: eng/polymer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polymer
trans_list: polimer
sense:
(organic chemistry) A long or larger molecule consisting of a chain or network of many repeating units, formed by chemically bonding together many identical or similar small molecules called monomers. A polymer is formed by polymerization, the joining of many monomer molecules.


lexentry: eng/polymerase_chain_reaction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polymerase chain reaction
trans_list: reakcja łańcuchowa polimerazy
sense:
(genetics, molecular biology, organic chemistry) A technique in molecular biology for creating multiple copies of DNA from a sample; used in genetic fingerprinting etc.


lexentry: eng/polymerization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polymerization
trans_list: polimeryzacja
sense:
(organic chemistry) The chemical process, normally with the aid of a catalyst, to form a polymer by bonding together multiple identical units (monomers).


lexentry: eng/polymorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: polymorphism
trans_list: polimorfizm
sense:
(biology) The coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but produced from common parents.


lexentry: eng/polymorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: polymorphism
trans_list: polimorfizm
sense:
(object-oriented programming) A feature pertaining to the dynamic treatment of data elements based on their type, allowing for a method to have several definitions.


lexentry: eng/polymorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: polymorphism
trans_list: polimorfizm
sense:
(mathematics, type theory) The property of certain typed formal systems of allowing for the use of type variables and binders/quantifiers over those type variables; likewise, the property of certain expressions (within such typed formal systems) of making use of at least one such typed variable.


lexentry: eng/polymorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: polymorphism
trans_list: polimorfizm
sense:
(crystallography) The ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure; pleomorphism.


lexentry: eng/polynomial__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polynomial
trans_list: wielomian
sense:
(algebra, strict sense) An expression consisting of a sum of a finite number of terms, each term being the product of a constant coefficient and one or more variables raised to a non-negative integer power, such as a_n x^n + a_{n-1}x^{n-1} + ... + a_0 x^0.


lexentry: eng/polynomial_ring__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polynomial ring
trans_list: pierścień wielomianów
sense:
(algebra) A ring (which is also a commutative algebra), denoted K[X], formed from the set of polynomials (usually of one variable, in a given set, X), with coefficients in a given ring (often a field), K.


lexentry: eng/polynya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polynya
trans_list: połynia | płoń
sense:
(hydrology, oceanography) A naturally formed transient area of open water surrounded by sea ice, especially in polar or subpolar seas. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/polyphony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyphony
trans_list: polifonia
sense:
(music) Musical texture consisting of several independent melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice (monophony) or music with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (homophony).


lexentry: eng/polypropylene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polypropylene
trans_list: polipropylen
sense:
A thermoplastic resin made by the polymerization of propylene, and used for films, fibres, or moulding materials.


lexentry: eng/polyseme__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyseme
trans_list: polisemia
sense:
(semantics) A word or phrase that has multiple meanings, or, more specifically, multiple etymologically related meanings.


lexentry: eng/polysemy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polysemy
trans_list: polisemia | wieloznaczność
sense:
(semantics) The quality characteristic of a polyseme, a sign (such as a word or symbol) that has multiple meanings (senses), often including multiple similar ones.


lexentry: eng/polysynthetic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polysynthetic
trans_list: polisyntetyczny
sense:
(grammar, of languages) Characterized by a prevalence of relatively long words containing a large number of morphemes. Typically, the morphemes are bound.


lexentry: eng/polytechnic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polytechnic
trans_list: politechnika
sense:
(UK, dated) An educational institute that teaches applied arts and sciences rather than academic subjects.


lexentry: eng/polytonic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polytonic
trans_list: politonalny
sense:
Of or using the Greek system of diacritics which employs the rough and smooth breathings and the grave, acute, and circumflex accents. Replaced by the monotonic system in 1982.


lexentry: eng/polytope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polytope
trans_list: politop | wielokomórka | wielotop
sense:
(geometry) A geometric shape (of any number of dimensions) which is fully enclosed and has flat sides, making it a member of the generalized class of shapes which includes the two-dimensional polygon and three-dimensional polyhedron; (formally) a finite region of n-dimensional space bounded by hyperplanes.


lexentry: eng/polytunnel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polytunnel
trans_list: foliówka
sense:
A tunnel made of polyethylene, used to grow plants that require a higher temperature and/or humidity than that which is available in the environment.


lexentry: eng/polyunsaturated_fat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyunsaturated fat
trans_list: tłuszcz wielonienasycony
sense:
(fatty acid) A fat or oil, almost exclusively from vegetable sources, containing a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


lexentry: eng/polyunsaturated_fatty_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyunsaturated fatty acid
trans_list: wielonienasycony kwas tłuszczowy
sense:
(fatty acid) A fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid, that contains two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds


lexentry: eng/pome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pome
trans_list: owoc jabłkowy
sense:
(botany) A type of fruit in which the often edible flesh arises from the swollen base of the flower and not from the carpels.


lexentry: eng/pomegranate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pomegranate
trans_list: granat
sense:
The fruit of the Punica granatum, about the size of an orange with a thick, hard, reddish skin enclosing many seeds, each with an edible pink or red pulp tasting both sweet and tart.


lexentry: eng/pomelo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pomelo
trans_list: pomarańcza olbrzymia | pomelo | szadok
sense:
The large fruit of the Citrus maxima (syn. C. grandis), native to South Asia and Southeast Asia, with a thick green or yellow rind, a thick white pith, and semi-sweet translucent pale flesh.


lexentry: eng/pommel_horse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pommel horse
trans_list: kozioł | koń
sense:
An apparatus for gymnastic exercises with a cylindrical body covered with leather and two upright pommels, as hand grips, near the centre; held upright with adjustable legs.


lexentry: eng/pompadour__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pompadour
trans_list: banan
sense:
A women's hairstyle in which the hair is swept upwards from the face and worn high over the forehead.


lexentry: eng/pompom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pompom
trans_list: kutas
sense:
A decorative ball made of pieces of soft fabric, tinsel, plastic, or paper streamers bound at the center, most notably held, waved, and shaken in cheerleading.


lexentry: eng/pompon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pompon
trans_list: pompon
sense:
A bundle of yarn, string, ribbon, etc. tied in the middle and left loose at the ends, so as to form a puff or ball, as for decoration or a showy prop for cheerleading.


lexentry: eng/pondweed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pondweed
trans_list: rdestnica
sense:
opposite-leaved pondweed, Groenlandia densa, only plant of its genus, found chiefly in the Mediterranean region.


lexentry: eng/poniard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poniard
trans_list: sztylet
sense:
(now, chiefly, historical) A dagger typically having a slender square or triangular blade. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pontoon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pontoon
trans_list: ponton
sense:
A flat-bottomed boat or other floating structure used as a buoyant support for a temporary bridge, dock or landing stage.


lexentry: eng/ponytail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ponytail
trans_list: kucyk | koński ogon
sense:
A hairstyle where the hair is pulled back and tied into a single "tail" which hangs down behind the head.


lexentry: eng/pood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pood
trans_list: pud
sense:
An obsolete Russian unit of mass, equal to 40 Russian funt, or about 16.38 kg (approximately 36.11 pounds).


lexentry: eng/poodle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poodle
trans_list: pudel
sense:
A breed of dog originating in Europe as hunting dogs, and having heavy, curly coat in a solid color; their shoulder height indicates their classification as standard, medium, miniature, or toy.


lexentry: eng/poof__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poof
trans_list: puf
sense:
Onomatopoeia indicating a small explosion with a cloud of smoke; as caused by a deflating object, or a magical disappearance.


lexentry: eng/pool__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pool
trans_list: kałuża | pula
sense:
A small and rather deep area of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream or river; a reservoir for water.


lexentry: eng/pool__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pool
trans_list: bilard
sense:
(game, uncountable) A game at billiards, in which each of the players stakes a certain sum, the winner taking the whole; also, in public billiard rooms, a game in which the loser pays the entrance fee for all who engage in the game.


lexentry: eng/pool__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pool
trans_list: bilard
sense:
(sport) A cue sport played on a pool table. There are 15 balls, 7 of one colour or solids, 7 of another color or stripes, and the black ball (also called the 8 ball). A player must pocket all their own colour balls and then the black ball in order to win.


lexentry: eng/pool__Verb__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pool
trans_list: zsumować
sense:
(transitive) To put together; contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual division of profits or losses; to make a common interest of.


lexentry: eng/pool_noodle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pool noodle
trans_list: makaronik
sense:
A long, slender tube or rod, extruded from buoyant foam and usually brightly coloured, used as an exercise tool or toy in swimming pools.


lexentry: eng/pop-up__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pop-up
trans_list: wyskakujące okienko
sense:
(internet) A pop-up advertisement; an advertisement that is triggered to appear on a computer screen when the user accesses a particular web page.


lexentry: eng/pop-up_advertisement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pop-up advertisement
trans_list: pop-up
sense:
(Internet, advertising) An advertisement that takes the form of a window that appears automatically on a computer screen when certain websites are visited.


lexentry: eng/pop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pop
trans_list: huk
sense:
(countable) A loud, sharp sound, as of a cork coming out of a bottle, especially when the contents are pressurized by fizziness.


lexentry: eng/pop__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pop
trans_list: napój gazowany
sense:
(uncountable, regional, Midwest US, Canada, Inland North, Midlands, Northwestern US) An effervescent or fizzy drink, most frequently nonalcoholic; soda pop.


lexentry: eng/pop_art__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pop art
trans_list: pop-art | popart
sense:
(arts) A genre of art that uses elements of popular culture, often using techniques from commercial art and advertising.


lexentry: eng/pop_gun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pop gun
trans_list: pukawka
sense:
A toy gun that emits a loud pop by firing a cork from a barrel in which a piston slides, compressing the air and forcing the cork out. The cork is traditionally attached to the toy by a piece of string.


lexentry: eng/pop_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pop music
trans_list: muzyka pop | pop-music
sense:
Music intended for or accepted by a wide audience, usually with a commercial basis and distinguished from other genres such as classical music and folk music, and nowadays also from rock music.


lexentry: eng/poplit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poplit
trans_list: golonka
sense:
The shallow depression (fossa) located at the back of the knee joint; the popliteal fossa or knee pit.


lexentry: eng/popliteus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popliteus
trans_list: mięsień podkolanowy
sense:
(anatomy) A small muscle at the back of the knee that aids in bending the knee and in the rotation of the lower leg.


lexentry: eng/poppy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poppy
trans_list: mak
sense:
Any plant of the genus Papaver or the family Papaveraceae, with crumpled, often red, petals and a milky juice having narcotic properties; especially a common poppy or corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) which has orange-red flowers; the flower of such a plant.


lexentry: eng/poppy__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: poppy
trans_list: mak
sense:
(chiefly, Australia, Britain, Canada) A simple artificial poppy flower worn in a buttonhole or displayed in other contexts to remember those who died in the two World Wars and other armed conflicts, especially around Remembrance Day/Remembrance Sunday.


lexentry: eng/popsicle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popsicle
trans_list: lód na patyku
sense:
(chiefly, _, US, Canada) Frozen fruit juice, flavored sugar water, or the like, on a stick, of a size to be one serving.


lexentry: eng/popular_culture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popular culture
trans_list: popkultura
sense:
The prevailing vernacular culture in any given society, including art, cooking, clothing/fashion, entertainment, fads, films, mass media, music, sports, and style.


lexentry: eng/popular_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popular music
trans_list: pop
sense:
(music) Any genre of music that has wide appeal amongst the general public of a society, typically distributed widely by the music industry; typically as seen in contrast to classical music and folk music.


lexentry: eng/popular_science__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: popular science
trans_list: popularnonaukowy
sense:
(attributive) Of, or having to do with science, but aimed at ordinary people as opposed to scientists; intended for general consumption.


lexentry: eng/popularise__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: popularise
trans_list: popularyzować | spopularyzować
sense:
(transitive, communication) To present information in a form which the general public better understands or accepts, especially by excluding details and jargon found in technical or academic publications.


lexentry: eng/popularity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popularity
trans_list: popularność
sense:
The quality or state of being popular; especially, the state of being widely liked or in favor with the people at large.


lexentry: eng/population__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: population
trans_list: ludność | populacja
sense:
A count of the number of residents within a political or geographical boundary such as a town, a nation or the world.


lexentry: eng/population__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: population
trans_list: populacja | ludność
sense:
(biology) A collection of organisms of a particular species, sharing a particular characteristic of interest, most often that of living in a given area.


lexentry: eng/population__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: population
trans_list: ludność
sense:
(statistics) A group of units (persons, objects, or other items) enumerated in a census or from which a sample is drawn.


lexentry: eng/population_density__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: population density
trans_list: gęstość zaludnienia
sense:
Average population per unit area; especially, the average number of people who live per square kilometer (or square mile) of land.


lexentry: eng/population_pyramid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: population pyramid
trans_list: piramida ludności | piramida populacji
sense:
(demography) A graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; it typically forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.


lexentry: eng/populism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: populism
trans_list: populizm
sense:
(philosophy) A political doctrine or philosophy that proposes that the rights and powers of ordinary people are exploited by a privileged elite, and supports their struggle to overcome this.


lexentry: eng/porcelain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porcelain
trans_list: porcelana
sense:
(usually, uncountable) A hard white translucent ceramic, originally made by firing kaolin, quartz, and feldspar at high temperatures but now also inclusive of similar artificial materials; also often (figurative) such a material as a symbol of the fragility, elegance, etc. traditionally associated with porcelain goods.


lexentry: eng/porcelain__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: porcelain
trans_list: porcelana
sense:
(countable, now, _, usually, in the plural) An object made of porcelain, (particularly) art objects or items of tableware.


lexentry: eng/porch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porch
trans_list: ganek | portyk | przedsionek
sense:
(architectural element) A covered entrance to a building, whether taken from the interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the main wall, or projecting without and with a separate roof. A porch often has chair(s), table(s) and swings.


lexentry: eng/porcupine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porcupine
trans_list: jeżozwierz | urson
sense:
Any of several rodents of either of the taxonomic families Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) or Erethizontidae (New World porcupines), both from the infraorder Hystricognathi, noted for their sharp spines or quills, which are raised when the animal is attacked or surprised.


lexentry: eng/porcupine_fish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porcupine fish
trans_list: najeżka
sense:
Any of several tropical fish species in the family Diodontidae that are covered with sharp spines and inflate themselves when threatened. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/pork_barrel__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pork barrel
trans_list: kiełbasa wyborcza
sense:
(chiefly, US politics, often, attributively) State funds as assigned for local or regional expenditure; especially, central money used for regional projects which are eyecatching or designed to appeal to voters. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pornocracy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pornocracy
trans_list: pornokracja
sense:
(Roman Catholicism, historical, often, capitalized) The period of the papacy known as the saeculum obscūrum (Latin for “dark age”), and also as the “Rule of the Harlots”, which began with the installation of Pope Sergius III in 904 and lasted for sixty years until the death of Pope John XII in 964, during which time the popes were strongly influenced by the Theophylacti, a powerful and corrupt aristocratic family. [from mid-19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pornography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pornography
trans_list: pornografia
sense:
The explicit literary or visual depiction of sexual subject matter; any display of material of an erotic nature. [from mid-19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pornstache__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pornstache
trans_list: wąsy jak z pornosa
sense:
(slang) A moustache that resembles one worn by an adult film actor, especially associated with the 1970s.


lexentry: eng/porosity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: porosity
trans_list: porowatość
sense:
(countable) A measure of how porous a material is; the ratio of the volume of pores to the total volume


lexentry: eng/porphyria__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porphyria
trans_list: porfiria
sense:
(pathology) Any of several usually hereditary abnormalities of porphyrin metabolism characterized by excretion of excess porphyrins in the urine.


lexentry: eng/porridge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porridge
trans_list: owsianka | kasza
sense:
A dish made of grain or legumes, milk or water, heated and stirred until thick and typically eaten for breakfast.


lexentry: eng/port__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: port
trans_list: port | bakburta | bakbort | lewa burta | konwertować | lewoburtowy
sense:
(nautical, aviation, uncountable) The left-hand side of a vessel, including aircraft, when one is facing the front. Used to unambiguously refer to directions relative to the vessel structure, rather than to a person or object on board.


lexentry: eng/port__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: port
trans_list: port | bakburta | bakbort | lewa burta | przystań | lewoburtowy
sense:
An opening or doorway in the side of a ship, especially for boarding or loading; an embrasure through which a cannon may be discharged; a porthole.


lexentry: eng/port__Noun__2
sense_num: 07
written_rep: port
trans_list: konwertować
sense:
(also, networking) A number that delimits a connection for specific processes or parts of a network service.


lexentry: eng/port__Noun__2
sense_num: 07
written_rep: port
trans_list: port | złącze
sense:
A logical or physical construct in and from which data are transferred. Computer port on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


lexentry: eng/port__Verb__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: port
trans_list: port | bakburta | bakbort | lewa burta | przystań | lewoburtowy
sense:
(transitive, military) To hold or carry (a weapon) with both hands so that it lies diagonally across the front of the body, with the barrel or similar part near the left shoulder and the right hand grasping the small of the stock; or, to throw (the weapon) into this position on command.


lexentry: eng/port_city__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: port city
trans_list: miasto portowe
sense:
A city built around a port, for its defence, to provide infrastructural support, or as parasitic urban sprawl.


lexentry: eng/port_of_call__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: port of call
trans_list: port pośredni
sense:
(nautical) Any port (except its home port) being visited by a ship, especially to load or unload cargo or passengers or to take on supplies.


lexentry: eng/portable_toilet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portable toilet
trans_list: przenośna toaleta | toi-toi
sense:
A movable toilet, particularly a portable outhouse used where other lavatories are unavailable (as at a construction site) or insufficient (as at special events).


lexentry: eng/portal_vein__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portal vein
trans_list: żyła wrotna
sense:
(anatomy) A short, wide vein located in the abdominal cavity formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins that channels blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to capillary beds in the liver.


lexentry: eng/portamento__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portamento
trans_list: portamento
sense:
(music) A smooth, gliding transition from one note to another; used especially with stringed instruments, and sometimes on brass.


lexentry: eng/portcullis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portcullis
trans_list: brona
sense:
A gate in the form of a grating which is lowered into place at the gateway of a castle, a fort, etc.


lexentry: eng/portfolio__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: portfolio
trans_list: teka
sense:
(politics) The post and the responsibilities of a cabinet minister or other head of a government department. [from 1930s]


lexentry: eng/portmanteau_word__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portmanteau word
trans_list: skrzyżowanie wyrazów | zbitka słowna | zbitka wyrazowa
sense:
(linguistics) A word which combines the meaning of two words (or, rarely, more than two words), formed by combining the words, usually, but not always, by adjoining the first part of one word and the last part of the other, the adjoining parts often having a common vowel.


lexentry: eng/portolan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portolan
trans_list: portolan
sense:
(historic, nautical) A chart of European navigable waters based on descriptions of coasts. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/portrait__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: portrait
trans_list: portret
sense:
(computing, printing) A print orientation where the vertical sides are longer than the horizontal sides.


lexentry: eng/poser__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: poser
trans_list: klej
sense:
Someone who, or something which, poses; a person who sets their body in a fixed position, such as for photography or painting.


lexentry: eng/poseur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poseur
trans_list: pozer | pozerka
sense:
One who affects some behaviour, style, attitude or other condition, often to impress or influence others.


lexentry: eng/position_vector__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: position vector
trans_list: wektor wodzący
sense:
(geometry) Of a point, a vector going from the origin to that point; equivalently, the transpose of the point.


lexentry: eng/positional_notation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: positional notation
trans_list: system pozycyjny
sense:
A notation for numbers in which the value of a digit depends on its position in the string, examples of which include the decimal system and the binary system


lexentry: eng/positive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: positive
trans_list: równy
sense:
(grammar) Describing the primary sense of an adjective, adverb or noun; not comparative, superlative, augmentative nor diminutive.


lexentry: eng/positive__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: positive
trans_list: pozytyw
sense:
(photography) A positive image; one that displays true colors and shades, not their opposites or complements.


lexentry: eng/positive_degree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: positive degree
trans_list: stopień równy
sense:
(grammar) That state of an adjective or adverb indicating simple quality, without comparison or relation to increase or diminution; as in wise, noble.


lexentry: eng/positive_feedback__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: positive feedback
trans_list: dodatnie sprzężenie zwrotne
sense:
(physics) A feedback loop in which the output of a system is amplified with a net positive gain and added to the input signal before the main amplifier.


lexentry: eng/positivism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: positivism
trans_list: pozytywizm
sense:
(philosophy) A doctrine that states that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, and that such knowledge can only come from positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific method, refusing every form of metaphysics.


lexentry: eng/posology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: posology
trans_list: dawkowanie
sense:
(countable, uncountable, pharmacy, pharmacology) The study of the dosages of drugs, especially the determination of appropriate dosages. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/posse__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: posse
trans_list: gromada
sense:
(colloquial) A group of (especially young) people seen as constituting a peer group or band of associates; a gang, a group of friends. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/possess__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: possess
trans_list: opętać
sense:
Of a supernatural entity, especially one regarded as evil: to take control of (an animal or person's body or mind).


lexentry: eng/possessional_adjective__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: possessional adjective
trans_list: przymiotnik jakościowy
sense:
(grammar) An adjective indicating that a noun is in possession of, or has the quality of, some other noun; usually formed in English by the affixation of the suffix -ed, -ful, -y, -ous, -able, -ual, -ish, -ar or -esque, or the suffixoid -like, to the noun being possessed.


lexentry: eng/possessive_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: possessive case
trans_list: dopełniacz
sense:
(grammar) case used to express direct possession, ownership, origin, etc. Though similar in many ways to the genitive case, it is not always the same. Languages that have the possessive case include English and Quenya.


lexentry: eng/possibly__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: possibly
trans_list: może
sense:
(modifying a verb) In the realm of possibility; indicates that the action may successfully be performed (is not impossible) regardless of any facts or circumstances known to, stated by or implied by the speaker that might limit the performance.


lexentry: eng/post-Soviet__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: post-Soviet
trans_list: poradziecki | posowiecki | postradziecki | postsowiecki
sense:
(geopolitics, international relations) Relating to the countries which emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union, especially in the context of Russia.


lexentry: eng/post-nut_clarity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-nut clarity
trans_list: jasność poorgazmowa
sense:
(internet slang, vulgar) The brief sense of calm and mental acuity experienced by a person after ejaculation.


lexentry: eng/post-production__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-production
trans_list: postprodukcja
sense:
(cinematography, television) The stages of film (or audio) production happening between the actual filming (or recording) and the completed product.


lexentry: eng/post-traumatic_embitterment_disorder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-traumatic embitterment disorder
trans_list: rozgoryczenie pourazowe
sense:
(psychology) A chronic maladaptive response to a severe manifestation of a usual life occurrence shattering a core belief leading to intrusion and on the flip-side disregard for one’s own condition.


lexentry: eng/post-traumatic_stress_disorder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-traumatic stress disorder
trans_list: zespół stresu pourazowego
sense:
(psychology) A psychological condition that develops following some stressful situation or event, with symptoms such as sleep disturbance, recurrent dreams, flashbacks, hypervigilance, depression, dissociation, withdrawal or lack of concentration.


lexentry: eng/post-truth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-truth
trans_list: postprawda
sense:
The fact or state of being post-truth; a time period or situation in which facts have become less important than emotional persuasion.


lexentry: eng/post-war__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-war
trans_list: powojenny
sense:
Pertaining to a period of time immediately following the end of a war; where there is a cessation of conflict.


lexentry: eng/post__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post
trans_list: poczta
sense:
(obsolete) Each of a series of men stationed at specific places along a postroad, with responsibility for relaying letters and dispatches of the monarch (and later others) along the route. [16th–17th c.]


lexentry: eng/post__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: post
trans_list: poczta
sense:
(dated) A station, or one of a series of stations, established for the refreshment and accommodation of travellers on some recognized route.


lexentry: eng/post__Noun__2
sense_num: 06
written_rep: post
trans_list: poczta
sense:
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) A single delivery of letters; the letters or deliveries that make up a single batch delivered to one person or one address. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/post__Verb__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: post
trans_list: wysyłać | wysłać
sense:
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) To send (an item of mail etc.) through the postal service. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/post_chaise__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post chaise
trans_list: dyliżans pocztowy
sense:
(historical) An enclosed horse-drawn carriage with four wheels, used to transport mail and passengers.


lexentry: eng/post_office__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post office
trans_list: poczta
sense:
(countable) A place (building, office, shop, or counter) concerned with the business of delivering letters, post or mail and selling stamps, etc.


lexentry: eng/post_office_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post office box
trans_list: skrytka pocztowa
sense:
A uniquely addressable lockable box located on the premises of a post office that may be hired as collection point for mail.


lexentry: eng/postage_stamp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postage stamp
trans_list: znaczek pocztowy | znaczek
sense:
A small piece of printed paper stuck on an item to be mailed, indicating that postage has been paid.


lexentry: eng/postalveolar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postalveolar
trans_list: spółgłoska postalweolarna | spółgłoska zadziąsłowa
sense:
(phonetics) Any sound articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge, such as English sh in the word shoe.


lexentry: eng/postcard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postcard
trans_list: pocztówka | karta pocztowa | widokówka
sense:
(post) A rectangular piece of thick paper or thin cardboard, typically used for sending messages by mail without the need for an envelope.


lexentry: eng/postcode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postcode
trans_list: kod pocztowy
sense:
(UK, Irish) A sequence of letters and numbers added to a postal address to aid the sorting and delivery of post or mail.


lexentry: eng/posterior__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: posterior
trans_list: tylny | zadni
sense:
(anatomy) Nearer the rear or hind end; nearer the caudal end of the body in quadrupeds or the dorsal end in bipeds.


lexentry: eng/posterior_chamber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: posterior chamber
trans_list: komora tylna oka
sense:
(anatomy, ophthalmology) A narrow space inside the eye between the iris and the lens, filled with aqueous humour.


lexentry: eng/postern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postern
trans_list: poterna
sense:
(architecture) A back gate, back door, side entrance, or other gateway distinct from the main entrance, especially in a city wall or fortification.


lexentry: eng/postholiday__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postholiday
trans_list: poświąteczny
sense:
Occurring after, or as a consequence of, a holiday; often specifically after the holiday season of late December


lexentry: eng/postindustrial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postindustrial
trans_list: postindustrialny
sense:
Describing the economy of a nation in which manufacturing industry becomes less important and the service and information industries become more important.


lexentry: eng/postmark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postmark
trans_list: pieczątka
sense:
A marking made by a postal service on a delivery, usually indicating the place where and the date and time when the item was received or processed for the first time, mostly serving to cancel a postage stamp.


lexentry: eng/postmodernism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postmodernism
trans_list: postmodernizm
sense:
Any style in art, architecture, literature, philosophy, etc., that reacts against an earlier modernist movement.


lexentry: eng/postpartum__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postpartum
trans_list: poporodowy
sense:
(of a mother, a symptom, a diagnosis or treatment, etc) After giving birth (often defined as within 30 days after childbirth).


lexentry: eng/postsynaptic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postsynaptic
trans_list: postsynaptyczny
sense:
(cytology) In a synapse, of or pertaining to the neuron that bears receptors for neurotransmitter released into the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic neuron.


lexentry: eng/postulate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postulate
trans_list: postulat
sense:
Something assumed without proof as being self-evident or generally accepted, especially when used as a basis for an argument. Sometimes distinguished from axioms as being relevant to a particular science or context, rather than universally true, and following from other axioms rather than being an absolute assumption.


lexentry: eng/pot__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: pot
trans_list: pula
sense:
(gambling, poker) The money available to be won in a hand of poker or a round of other games of chance; (figuratively) any sum of money being used as an enticement.


lexentry: eng/pot_calling_the_kettle_black__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pot calling the kettle black
trans_list: przyganiał kocioł garnkowi
sense:
(idiomatic) A situation in which somebody comments on or accuses someone else of a fault which the accuser shares.


lexentry: eng/potash__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potash
trans_list: potaż
sense:
The water-soluble part of the ash formed by burning plant material; used for making soap and glass and as a fertilizer.


lexentry: eng/potassium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium
trans_list: potas
sense:
A soft, waxy, silvery reactive metal that is never found unbound in nature; an element (symbol K) with an atomic number of 19 and atomic weight of 39.0983. The symbol is derived from the Latin kalium.


lexentry: eng/potassium_carbonate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium carbonate
trans_list: potaż
sense:
(inorganic compound) The alkaline salt K2CO3, that is the major constituent of potash; it is used in the production of glass and some soaps.


lexentry: eng/potassium_chloride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium chloride
trans_list: chlorek potasu
sense:
(inorganic compound) The potassium salt of hydrochloric acid, KCl; it is used as a salt substitute for table salt (NaCl), a medication, a fertilizer, and a feedstock.


lexentry: eng/potassium_cyanide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium cyanide
trans_list: cyjanek
sense:
(inorganic compound) The potassium salt of hydrocyanic acid, KCN; the colourless crystals are soluble in water, and it is extremely poisonous, and is used in electroplating, the extraction of gold and silver from their ores, and in photography.


lexentry: eng/potassium_dichromate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium dichromate
trans_list: dichromian potasu
sense:
(inorganic compound) A potassium salt of chromic acid, K2Cr2O7; the orange crystals are soluble in water, and it is used as an oxidizing agent and in photography.


lexentry: eng/potassium_hydroxide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium hydroxide
trans_list: wodorotlenek potasu
sense:
(inorganic compound) The alkaline base KOH, once known as caustic potash; it has a number of industrial uses, including the manufacture of bleach.


lexentry: eng/potassium_nitrate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium nitrate
trans_list: saletra
sense:
(inorganic chemistry) KNO3, a naturally occurring salt, notably used as an ingredient of gunpowder; also used a food preservative and as an ingredient in toothpaste for sensitive gums; historically used in the production of nitric acid (HNO3).


lexentry: eng/potassium_permanganate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium permanganate
trans_list: nadmanganian potasu
sense:
(chemistry) KMnO4, the most readily available commercial permanganate; it is used as an oxidizing agent both in industry and in the analytical laboratory.


lexentry: eng/potato__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: potato
trans_list: ziemniak
sense:
(humorous, slang, computing) An underpowered computer or other device, especially when small in size.


lexentry: eng/potato_chip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potato chip
trans_list: francuski
sense:
(UK, Irish) One of a batch of pieces of potato cut into elongated cubes and fried; a chip or chipped potato, usually larger than American french fries.


lexentry: eng/potato_crisp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potato crisp
trans_list: chips | czips
sense:
(Ireland, UK, chiefly, in the plural) A thin slice of potato that has been deep-fried until it is brittle and crispy, and which is eaten when cool; they are typically packaged and sold as a snack.


lexentry: eng/potato_starch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potato starch
trans_list: mąka ziemniaczana
sense:
(gastronomy) A widely diffused vegetable substance found in the extracted material of potatoes used in cooking.


lexentry: eng/poteen__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: poteen
trans_list: poitín
sense:
(Ireland, countable, by extension) An unlicensed drinking establishment selling illegally produced Irish whiskey.


lexentry: eng/potential__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: potential
trans_list: potencjał
sense:
(physics) The work (energy) required to move a reference particle from a reference location to a specified location in the presence of a force field, for example to bring a unit positive electric charge from an infinite distance to a specified point against an electric field.


lexentry: eng/potential_energy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potential energy
trans_list: energia potencjalna
sense:
The energy possessed by an object because of its position (in a gravitational or electric field), or its condition (as a stretched or compressed spring, as a chemical reactant, or by having rest mass).


lexentry: eng/potentiometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potentiometer
trans_list: potencjometr
sense:
(electronics) A user-adjustable three-terminal variable resistor that can be used as a voltage divider.


lexentry: eng/pothole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pothole
trans_list: wybój | wyrwa
sense:
A shallow pit or other edged depression in a road's surface, especially when caused by erosion by weather or traffic.


lexentry: eng/potlatch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potlatch
trans_list: potlacz
sense:
(Canada, US, also, figuratively) A ceremony amongst certain indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest in which gifts are bestowed upon guests and personal property is destroyed in a show of generosity and wealth.


lexentry: eng/potoo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potoo
trans_list: nocolot
sense:
Any species of the family Nyctibiidae within the order Nyctibiiformes related to the nightjars (order Caprimulgiformes), and found from southern Mexico to southern Brazil.


lexentry: eng/potoroo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potoroo
trans_list: kanguroszczur
sense:
Any species of the genus Potorous of the rat kangaroo family Potoroidae, endemic to Australia. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/potto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potto
trans_list: potto
sense:
A small primate of the genus Perodicticus, native to the tropical rainforests of Africa. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/poult__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poult
trans_list: chłopak
sense:
A young bird, a chick; now especially, a young game bird (turkey, partridge, grouse etc.). [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/poultice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poultice
trans_list: koperta
sense:
A soft, moist mass, usually wrapped in cloth and warmed, that is applied topically to a sore, aching or lesioned part of the body to soothe it.


lexentry: eng/pounce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pounce
trans_list: proszek na atrament
sense:
(historical) A type of fine powder, as of sandarac, or cuttlefish bone, sprinkled over wet ink to dry the ink after writing or on rough paper to smooth the writing surface.


lexentry: eng/pound__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pound
trans_list: funt
sense:
A unit of mass equal to 16 avoirdupois ounces (= 453.592 g). Today this value is the most common meaning of "pound" as a unit of weight.


lexentry: eng/pound_cake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pound cake
trans_list: babka piaskowa
sense:
(US) A dense yellow cake, the traditional recipe for which consists of equal quantities (nominally one pound) of butter, eggs, flour, and sugar.


lexentry: eng/pour__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pour
trans_list: lać | sypać
sense:
(transitive, figurative) To send out as in a stream or a flood; to cause (an emotion) to come out; to cause to escape.


lexentry: eng/powder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: powder
trans_list: proszek | puder | przysypka | zasypka
sense:
The fine particles which are the result of reducing a dry substance by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or the result of decay; dust.


lexentry: eng/powder__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: powder
trans_list: proszek | puder | przysypka | zasypka
sense:
(cosmetics) A mixture of fine dry, sweet-smelling particles applied to the face or other body parts, to reduce shine or to alleviate chaffing.


lexentry: eng/powdered_sugar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: powdered sugar
trans_list: cukier puder
sense:
(US) Very finely ground sugar to which cornstarch is added to prevent lumping, mostly used in icings and confections to produce a smooth texture.


lexentry: eng/power__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: power
trans_list: władza | moc
sense:
The ability or authority to control, govern, command, coerce, etc., such as in a legal, political or business sphere.


lexentry: eng/power__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: power
trans_list: moc | potęga
sense:
(physics, mechanics) A measure of the effectiveness that a force producing a physical effect has over time. If linear, the quotient of: (force multiplied by the displacement of or in an object) ÷ time. If rotational, the quotient of: (force multiplied by the angle of displacement) ÷ time.


lexentry: eng/power__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: power
trans_list: potęga
sense:
(statistics) The probability that a statistical test will reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.


lexentry: eng/power__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: power
trans_list: potęga
sense:
A product of equal factors (and generalizations of this notion): x^n, read as "x to the power of n" or the like, is called a power and denotes the product x \times x \times \cdots \times x, where x appears n times in the product; x is called the base and n the exponent.


lexentry: eng/power_broker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power broker
trans_list: szara eminencja
sense:
A person or group having the ability to influence important decisions, especially in public policy, politics, and business.


lexentry: eng/power_inverter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power inverter
trans_list: falownik | inwerter | przetwornica
sense:
(electrical engineering) A device that converts direct current electricity to alternating current electricity.


lexentry: eng/power_line__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power line
trans_list: linia wysokiego napięcia
sense:
An electrical wire, cable or conduit, suspended in air by utility poles or transmission towers, or buried underground, used for the carrying of electricity either from a power source such as a generating station to a substation, or from a substation to a building such as a plant, commercial building or a home.


lexentry: eng/power_set__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power set
trans_list: zbiór potęgowy
sense:
(set theory, of a set S) The set whose elements comprise all the subsets of S (including the empty set and S itself).


lexentry: eng/power_steering__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power steering
trans_list: wspomaganie kierownicy
sense:
(automotive) A system for reducing the driver's effort to steer, by using a power source to assist in turning the wheels. (Traditionally hydraulic; now sometimes electric.)


lexentry: eng/power_strip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power strip
trans_list: złodziejka | listwa zasilająca | przedłużacz
sense:
A block of electrical sockets that attaches to the end of a flexible cable and allows multiple electrical devices to be plugged in.


lexentry: eng/power_supply__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: power supply
trans_list: zasilacz
sense:
That part of a piece of electronic apparatus that provides appropriate voltages for the rest of the electronics from the connected AC source.


lexentry: eng/power_tool__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power tool
trans_list: elektronarzędzie
sense:
Any of a wide class of tools powered by a motor (usually an electric motor); most especially such tools as are handheld, portable, and not stationary.


lexentry: eng/power_vacuum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power vacuum
trans_list: próżnia władzy
sense:
A lack of centralised political authority, especially following a conflict, revolution, change of power, etc.


lexentry: eng/powers_that_be__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: powers that be
trans_list: grupa trzymająca władzę
sense:
(idiomatic) The holders of power or the authorities in a given situation, especially if seen as being faceless or unreasonably bureaucratic.


lexentry: eng/powwow__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: powwow
trans_list: rada plemienna (Indian północnoamerykańskich)
sense:
(North America) A large gathering during which Indigenous songs and dances are showcased for an audience, essentially a recital or concert. Often also doubles as a fundraiser, or can be held in conjunction with a non-indigenous fair or exhibition in order to attract a large crowd, as at the Calgary Stampede and K-Days.


lexentry: eng/practice__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: practice
trans_list: praktyka
sense:
(uncountable, especially, medicine, arts) The ongoing pursuit of a craft or profession, particularly in medicine or the fine arts.


lexentry: eng/practicum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: practicum
trans_list: praktyka | praktyka studencka
sense:
(US) A college course designed to give a student supervised practical knowledge of a subject previously studied theoretically.


lexentry: eng/pragmatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pragmatic
trans_list: pragmatyczny
sense:
Practical, concerned with making decisions and actions that are useful in practice, not just theory.


lexentry: eng/pragmatics__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pragmatics
trans_list: pragmatyka
sense:
(linguistics, translation studies) The study of the use of language, especially meaning, in a social context; it includes extratextual aspects of language including exophoric reference, phatic utterances, and nonverbal channels.


lexentry: eng/pragmatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pragmatism
trans_list: pragmatyzm
sense:
The pursuit of practicality over aesthetic qualities; a concentration on facts rather than emotions or ideals.


lexentry: eng/pragmatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pragmatism
trans_list: pragmatyzm
sense:
(philosophy) The idea that beliefs are identified with the actions of a believer, and the truth of beliefs with success of those actions in securing a believer's goals; the doctrine that ideas must be looked at in terms of their practical effects and consequences.


lexentry: eng/pragmatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pragmatism
trans_list: pragmatyzm
sense:
(politics) The theory that political problems should be met with practical solutions rather than ideological ones.


lexentry: eng/prairie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prairie
trans_list: preria
sense:
An extensive area of relatively flat grassland with few, if any, trees, especially in North America.


lexentry: eng/prairie_dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prairie dog
trans_list: nieświszczuk | piesek preriowy
sense:
Any of genus Cynomys, small, stout-bodied burrowing rodents with shallow cheek pouches, native to North America and Central America.


lexentry: eng/praseodymium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: praseodymium
trans_list: prazeodym
sense:
A chemical element (symbol Pr) with an atomic number of 59, a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties.


lexentry: eng/pray__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pray
trans_list: modlić się | pomodlić się
sense:
(religion) To direct words, thoughts, or one's attention to a deity or any higher being, for the sake of adoration, thanks, petition for help, etc.


lexentry: eng/prayer_wheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prayer wheel
trans_list: młynek modlitewny
sense:
(Buddhism) A rotating cylinder either inscribed with or containing prayers, mainly used by Tibetan Buddhists.


lexentry: eng/praying_mantis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: praying mantis
trans_list: modliszka
sense:
Any of various predatory, cannibalistic insects of the order Mantodea that have a prayer-like stance.


lexentry: eng/pre-Socratic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pre-Socratic
trans_list: przedsokratejski
sense:
(historical) Existing in Ancient Greece before the flourishing of the philosopher Socrates (circa 469–399 BCE).


lexentry: eng/pre-Socratic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pre-Socratic
trans_list: presokratyk
sense:
(historical) Any of the pre-Socratic philosophers, viz. Thales (circa 624–546 BCE), Anaximander (circa 610–546 BCE), Anaximenes (circa 585–525 BCE), Pythagoras (circa 576–495 BCE), Xenophanes (circa 570–480 BCE), Heraclitus (circa 535–475 BCE), Parmenides (early-5th century BCE), Anaxagoras (circa 500–428 BCE), Empedocles (circa 490–430 BCE), and Democritus (circa 460–370 BCE).


lexentry: eng/preacher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preacher
trans_list: kaznodzieja
sense:
Someone who preaches a worldview, philosophy, or religion, especially someone who preaches the gospel and especially a clergyman or clergywoman.


lexentry: eng/preaching_band__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preaching band
trans_list: befka
sense:
(Christianity, in the plural) Two bands (strips of linen) worn as formal neckwear by members of the Christian clergy.


lexentry: eng/preamble__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preamble
trans_list: preambuła | arenga
sense:
A short preliminary statement or remark, especially an explanatory introduction to a formal document or statute.


lexentry: eng/preamplifier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preamplifier
trans_list: przedwzmacniacz
sense:
A voltage amplifier for amplifying a low-level input signal; its output is the input to a higher-level amplifier.


lexentry: eng/preaspiration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preaspiration
trans_list: przydech
sense:
(phonetics) A period of voiceless breathing that precedes some consonants in some languages—a sort of mirror-image of aspiration.


lexentry: eng/prebiotic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prebiotic
trans_list: prebiotyk
sense:
(chiefly, in plural) A substance in food that is hard to digest and promotes the growth of beneficial intestinal microorganisms. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/precariat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: precariat
trans_list: prekariat
sense:
(sociology, collective) People suffering from precarity, especially as a social class; people living a precarious existence, without security or predictability, especially job security.


lexentry: eng/precedent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: precedent
trans_list: precedens
sense:
An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future.


lexentry: eng/precedent__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: precedent
trans_list: precedens
sense:
(legal) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case.


lexentry: eng/precession__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: precession
trans_list: precesja
sense:
(physics, countable) The wobbling motion of the axis of a spinning body when there is an external force acting on the axis.


lexentry: eng/precinct__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: precinct
trans_list: komisariat
sense:
(US, law enforcement) A subdivision of a city under the jurisdiction of a specific group of police; the police station situated in that district.


lexentry: eng/precious_metal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: precious metal
trans_list: metal szlachetny | kruszec
sense:
A rare metallic chemical element of high economic value, such as gold, platinum, palladium, or rhodium.


lexentry: eng/precious_stone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: precious stone
trans_list: kamień szlachetny | klejnot
sense:
Any gem, such as a diamond or ruby, that is expensive because of its rarity or desirability; especially one set into a piece of jewelry.


lexentry: eng/precipitation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: precipitation
trans_list: opad atmosferyczny
sense:
(meteorology) Any or all of the forms of water particles, whether liquid or solid, that fall from the upper atmosphere (e.g., rain, hail, snow or sleet). It is a major class of hydrometeor, but it is distinguished from cloud, fog, dew, rime, frost, etc., in that it must fall. It is distinguished from cloud and virga in that it must reach the ground.


lexentry: eng/preclude__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preclude
trans_list: wykluczyć | wykluczać
sense:
(transitive) To remove the possibility of; to rule out; to prevent or exclude; to render impossible.


lexentry: eng/precognition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: precognition
trans_list: prekognicja
sense:
(parapsychology) Knowledge of the future; understanding of something in advance, especially as a form of supernatural or extrasensory perception. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/preconception__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preconception
trans_list: uprzedzenie
sense:
An opinion formed before obtaining adequate evidence, especially as the result of bias or prejudice.


lexentry: eng/precondition__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: precondition
trans_list: warunek wstępny
sense:
A medical illness, ailment, or adverse condition that exists before an insurance policy takes effect.


lexentry: eng/precontract__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: precontract
trans_list: umowa przedwstępna
sense:
(legal) A contract preceding another, especially a contract of marriage which, according to the ancient law, rendered void a subsequent marriage solemnized in violation of it.


lexentry: eng/precursor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: precursor
trans_list: prekursor
sense:
(chemistry) One of the compounds that participates in the chemical reaction that produces another compound.


lexentry: eng/predate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predate
trans_list: antydatować
sense:
To designate a date earlier than the actual one; to move a date, appointment, event, or period of time to an earlier point (contrast "postdate".)


lexentry: eng/predator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predator
trans_list: drapieżnik
sense:
Any animal or other organism that hunts and kills other non-plant organisms (their prey), primarily for food.


lexentry: eng/predecessor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predecessor
trans_list: poprzednik | poprzedniczka | antecesor
sense:
One who precedes; one who has preceded another in any state, position, office, etc.; one whom another follows or comes after, in any office or position.


lexentry: eng/predecessor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: predecessor
trans_list: poprzednik
sense:
A model or type of machinery or device which precedes the current (or later) one. Usually used to describe an earlier, outdated model.


lexentry: eng/predicate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predicate
trans_list: orzeczenie | predykat
sense:
(grammar) The part of the sentence (or clause) which states a property that a subject has or is characterized by.


lexentry: eng/predicate__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: predicate
trans_list: predykat | funkcja zdaniowa
sense:
(logic) A term of a statement, where the statement may be true or false depending on whether the thing referred to by the values of the statement's variables has the property signified by that (predicative) term.


lexentry: eng/predicate_logic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predicate logic
trans_list: logika predykatów
sense:
(logic) The generic term for symbolic formal systems like first-order logic, second-order logic, many-sorted logic or infinitary logic.


lexentry: eng/predicative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predicative
trans_list: orzecznikowy
sense:
(grammar, of an adjectival or nominal phrase) Modifying a noun from within a predicate. contrasts with attributive.


lexentry: eng/predicative__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predicative
trans_list: orzecznik
sense:
(grammar) An element of the predicate of a sentence which complements the subject or object by means of the verb. Predicatives may be nominal or adjectival.


lexentry: eng/predict__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predict
trans_list: przewidywać | przewidzieć
sense:
(transitive) To make a prediction: to forecast, foretell, or estimate a future event on the basis of knowledge and reasoning; to prophesy a future event on the basis of mystical knowledge or power.


lexentry: eng/predisposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predisposition
trans_list: predyspozycja | zadatek
sense:
The state of being predisposed or susceptible to something, especially to a behavior or a health condition.


lexentry: eng/preeclampsia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preeclampsia
trans_list: preeklampsja | stan przedrzucawkowy
sense:
(pathology) A complication of pregnancy, affecting about 2-20% of women, depending on location, characterized by hypertension and damage to the linings of the blood vessels of the brain, liver, lungs and kidneys, which can lead to multiple organ failure, convulsions, coma and death. The only cure is delivery of the child.


lexentry: eng/preeminent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preeminent
trans_list: celny
sense:
Exceeding others in quality or rank; of outstanding excellence, extremely notable or important. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/preemption__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preemption
trans_list: wywłaszczenie
sense:
(computing) The temporary interruption of a task without its cooperation and with the intention of resuming it at a later time.


lexentry: eng/preface__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preface
trans_list: wstęp | przedmowa
sense:
A beginning or introductory portion that comes before the main text of a document or book, typically serving to contextualize or explain the writing of the book and sometimes to acknowledge others' contributions; especially, such a discussion written by the work's own author.


lexentry: eng/prefecture__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prefecture
trans_list: prefektura
sense:
The jurisdiction of a prefect; the region administered by a prefect, especially as a translation of certain French, Chinese, and Japanese administrative divisions.


lexentry: eng/prefer__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prefer
trans_list: woleć | preferować
sense:
(transitive) To be in the habit of choosing something rather than something else; to favor; to like better. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/prefix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prefix
trans_list: przedrostek | prefiks
sense:
(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning, for example as, pre- in prefix, con- in conjure, re- in reheat, etc.


lexentry: eng/prefrontal_cortex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prefrontal cortex
trans_list: kora przedczołowa
sense:
(neuroanatomy) The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the mammalian brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas.


lexentry: eng/pregabalin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pregabalin
trans_list: pregabalina
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) An anticonvulsant drug used for neuropathic pain and as an adjunct therapy for seizures.


lexentry: eng/pregnancy_test__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pregnancy test
trans_list: test ciążowy
sense:
a piece of test equipment that determines whether a woman, or by extension, a female animal is pregnant


lexentry: eng/prehensile__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prehensile
trans_list: chwytny
sense:
(zoology) Able to take hold of and clasp objects; adapted for grasping especially by wrapping around an object.


lexentry: eng/prehung__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prehung
trans_list: gotowy
sense:
(of a door or window) Delivered to the customer as installation-ready unit, already attached to its frame.


lexentry: eng/preimage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preimage
trans_list: przeciwobraz
sense:
(mathematics) For a given function, the set of all elements of the domain that are mapped into a given subset of the codomain; (formally) given a function ƒ : X → Y and a subset B ⊆ Y, the set ƒ−1(B) = {x ∈ X : ƒ(x) ∈ B}.


lexentry: eng/preindustrial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preindustrial
trans_list: przedindustrialny
sense:
Of or relating to the period before the Industrial Revolution and the global industrialisation that followed.


lexentry: eng/prejudice__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prejudice
trans_list: uprzedzenie
sense:
(countable) An irrational hostile attitude, fear or hatred towards a particular group, race or religion.


lexentry: eng/prelate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prelate
trans_list: prałat
sense:
A clergyman of high rank and authority, having jurisdiction over an area or a group of people; normally a bishop.


lexentry: eng/prelude__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prelude
trans_list: preludium
sense:
(music) A short, free-form piece of music, originally one serving as an introduction to a longer and more complex piece; later, starting with the Romantic period, generally a stand-alone piece. [from 1650s]


lexentry: eng/premature_birth__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: premature birth
trans_list: wcześniactwo
sense:
(medicine) Childbirth occurring earlier than 37 completed weeks of gestation, but later than 20th week, which is regarded a miscarriage.


lexentry: eng/premature_ejaculation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: premature ejaculation
trans_list: przedwczesny wytrysk
sense:
A medical condition where a man, when initiating sexual intercourse, will experience an orgasm and expel semen after a time period far below the average, generally defined as one minute or less.


lexentry: eng/premeditate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: premeditate
trans_list: obmyślać z góry | obmyślić z góry | planować naprzód | zaplanować naprzód
sense:
(ambitransitive) To meditate, consider, or plan beforehand; to think about and revolve in the mind beforehand.


lexentry: eng/premenstrual__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: premenstrual
trans_list: przedmiesiączkowy
sense:
Occurring in the time period during the menstrual cycle leading up to the beginning of menstruation.


lexentry: eng/premier__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: premier
trans_list: premier
sense:
(politics, non-Westminster) The government leader in a legislative congress or leader of a government-level administrative body; the head of government.


lexentry: eng/premiere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: premiere
trans_list: premiera
sense:
The first showing of a film, play or other form of entertainment, often held as a special event with celebrity guests.


lexentry: eng/premise__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: premise
trans_list: przesłanka
sense:
A proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition.


lexentry: eng/premise__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: premise
trans_list: przesłanka
sense:
(usually, in the plural, legal) Matters previously stated or set forth; especially, that part in the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express the grantor and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed, and all that precedes the habendum; the thing demised or granted.


lexentry: eng/premolar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: premolar
trans_list: przedtrzonowiec
sense:
A tooth situated in front of the molar teeth; especially a tooth in humans with two cusps which is between the canines and the molars (Latin: singular dens premolaris, plural dentes premolares)


lexentry: eng/premonition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: premonition
trans_list: przeczucie
sense:
A clairvoyant or clairaudient experience, such as a dream, which resonates with some event in the future.


lexentry: eng/premonition__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: premonition
trans_list: przeczucie
sense:
A strong intuition that something is about to happen (usually something negative, but not exclusively).


lexentry: eng/prenuptial_agreement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prenuptial agreement
trans_list: intercyza
sense:
A legal document, signed by both parties before marriage, stating the legal claims on each other's estate upon a subsequent divorce.


lexentry: eng/preparatory__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preparatory
trans_list: przygotowawczy
sense:
Of or pertaining to preparation, having the purpose of making something or someone ready, preparative.


lexentry: eng/prepare__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prepare
trans_list: przygotować | przygotowywać
sense:
(transitive) To make ready for a specific future purpose; to set up; to assemble or equip; to forearm.


lexentry: eng/prepayment_penalty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prepayment penalty
trans_list: kara za przedpłatę
sense:
An additional fee charged for paying off part of or the entirety of a loan ahead of the scheduled due date in order to compensate for the loss of interest income suffered by the creditor in such case.


lexentry: eng/preponderance__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: preponderance
trans_list: przewaga
sense:
(specifically, weaponry, historical) The excess of weight of that part of a cannon behind the trunnions over that in front of them.


lexentry: eng/preposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preposition
trans_list: przyimek
sense:
(grammar, strict sense) Any of a class of non-inflecting words and multiword terms typically employed to connect a following noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word: a particle used with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to make a phrase limiting some other word.


lexentry: eng/prepositional_article__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prepositional article
trans_list: przyimek ściągnięty
sense:
(grammar) In some languages, such as French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish, a contraction of a preposition and an article, e.g. au in French (a contraction of à and le).


lexentry: eng/prepositional_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prepositional case
trans_list: miejscownik
sense:
(grammar) A noun case serving as object of a preposition. Prepositions that often govern the prepositional case include "about", "in", "on", and "near". Russian is an example of a language that uses the prepositional case.


lexentry: eng/prepositional_phrase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prepositional phrase
trans_list: wyrażenie przyimkowe
sense:
(grammar) A phrase containing both a preposition and its object or complement and which may be used as an adjunct or a modifier.


lexentry: eng/preproduction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preproduction
trans_list: preprodukcja
sense:
All the preliminary arrangements that are made before the start of a project, especially before the filming of a movie.


lexentry: eng/prequel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prequel
trans_list: prequel
sense:
(narratology) In a series of works, an installment that is set chronologically before its predecessor, especially the original narrative or (perhaps improper usage) any narrative work with at least one sequel.


lexentry: eng/prerequisite__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prerequisite
trans_list: warunek wstępny
sense:
In education, a course or topic that must be completed before another course or topic can be started. May be colloquially referred to as a prereq.


lexentry: eng/prescribe__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prescribe
trans_list: przepisywać | ordynować | wydać receptę na (lek)
sense:
(medicine) To order (a drug or medical device) for use by a particular patient (under licensed authority).


lexentry: eng/prescribe__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prescribe
trans_list: nakazywać | dyktować | ordynować | ustanawiać | zarządzać
sense:
To specify by writing as a required procedure or ritual; to lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of action.


lexentry: eng/prescription__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prescription
trans_list: recepta
sense:
(medicine, pharmacy, pharmacology) A written order from an authorized medical practitioner for provision of a medicine or other treatment, such as (ophthalmology) the specific lenses needed for a pair of glasses.


lexentry: eng/prescription__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: prescription
trans_list: normotwórstwo | rozporządzanie | rozporządzenie
sense:
(legal) Synonym of enactment, the act of establishing a law, regulation, etc., particularly in writing; an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/prescription__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: prescription
trans_list: kodyfikacja normatywna | kodyfikacja preskryptywna | preskrypcja
sense:
(linguistics) The act of establishing or formalizing ideal norms for language use, as opposed to describing the actual norms of such use; an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/prescriptive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prescriptive
trans_list: dyrektywalny | preskryptywny
sense:
Of or pertaining to prescribing or enjoining, especially an action or behavior based on a norm or standard.


lexentry: eng/prescriptivism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prescriptivism
trans_list: normatywizm | preskryptywizm
sense:
(linguistics) The practice of prescribing idealistic norms, as opposed to describing realistic forms, of linguistic usage.


lexentry: eng/present__Adjective__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: present
trans_list: obecny | teraźniejszy
sense:
Relating to something a person is referring to in the very context, with a deictic use similar to the demonstrative adjective this.


lexentry: eng/present_continuous__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: present continuous
trans_list: czas teraźniejszy ciągły
sense:
(grammar) A tense that describes an ongoing action in the present. In English it is formed by use of a form of be with a present participle.


lexentry: eng/present_participle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: present participle
trans_list: imiesłów teraźniejszy
sense:
(grammar) A nonfinite verb form that indicates an ongoing action or state and which can function as an adjective.


lexentry: eng/present_perfect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: present perfect
trans_list: absolutny
sense:
(grammar) A perfect tense that expresses action in the past (usually completed) with consequences in the present time.


lexentry: eng/present_perfect_continuous__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: present perfect continuous
trans_list: czas teraźniejszy dokonany ciągły
sense:
(grammar) A tense that expresses an unbroken action continuing at the present time, started in the past. In English it is formed by using have been with a present participle.


lexentry: eng/present_tense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: present tense
trans_list: czas teraźniejszy
sense:
(grammar) A grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in the present time.


lexentry: eng/president__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: president
trans_list: przewodniczący | dyrektor | prezes | rektor
sense:
Primary leader of a corporation. Not to be confused with CEO, which is a related but separate position that is sometimes held by a different person.


lexentry: eng/press__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: press
trans_list: dociskać | docisnąć | przyciskać | przycisnąć
sense:
(ambitransitive) To exert weight or force against, to act upon with force or weight; to exert pressure upon.


lexentry: eng/press__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: press
trans_list: prasować | uprasować
sense:
(transitive, sewing) To flatten a selected area of fabric using an iron with an up-and-down, not sliding, motion, so as to avoid disturbing adjacent areas.


lexentry: eng/press_kit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: press kit
trans_list: materiały prasowe
sense:
A packaged set of promotional and news materials to inform the media about a person, band or product. The kit will often include a CD or demo along with reviews, photos, and background information. The kit is distributed to media sources, such as radio stations and newspapers.


lexentry: eng/presstitute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: presstitute
trans_list: dziennikurwa | presstytutka
sense:
(derogatory, sometimes, attributive) A person or media entity that misleadingly tailors news to fit a particular partisan agenda.


lexentry: eng/pressure__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: pressure
trans_list: ciśnienie | nacisk
sense:
(physics) The amount of force that is applied over a given area divided by the size of this area; force per unit area.


lexentry: eng/pressure_cooker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pressure cooker
trans_list: szybkowar
sense:
(cookware) A sealed cooking vessel that allows cooking in greater than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature above the boiling point of water.


lexentry: eng/pressure_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pressure point
trans_list: punkt nacisku
sense:
(martial arts) A specific small area of the body targeted, due to a cluster of nerves being close to the skin, usually not protected by bone.


lexentry: eng/prestige__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prestige
trans_list: prestiż
sense:
The quality of how good the reputation of something or someone is, how favourably something or someone is regarded.


lexentry: eng/presume__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: presume
trans_list: przypuszczać
sense:
(transitive) To assume or suggest to be true (without proof); to take for granted, to suppose. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/presumption__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: presumption
trans_list: założenie
sense:
(legal) An inference that a trier of fact is either permitted or required to draw under certain factual circumstances (as prescribed by statute or case law) unless the party against whom the inference is drawn is able to rebut it with admissible, competent evidence.


lexentry: eng/presumption_of_innocence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: presumption of innocence
trans_list: domniemanie niewinności
sense:
(legal) The precept that someone will not be convicted of a crime unless (the judge, prosecutor, officer) proves guilt beyond a reasonable doubt and is non liquet, with there being no present burden of proof duty subjected on the accused to prove innocence.


lexentry: eng/presumptuous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: presumptuous
trans_list: zarozumiały | arogancki | bezczelny
sense:
Making unwarranted presumptions or assumptions, often out of arrogance or excessive self-confidence, and thus exceeding what is appropriate or right.


lexentry: eng/presuppose__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: presuppose
trans_list: antycypować
sense:
To assume some truth without proof, usually for the purpose of reaching a conclusion based on that truth.


lexentry: eng/presynaptic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: presynaptic
trans_list: presynaptyczny
sense:
(cytology) In a synapse, of or pertaining to the neuron that releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.


lexentry: eng/pretend__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pretend
trans_list: udawać
sense:
(intransitive, or, with 'that' clause, or, 'to' infinitive) To speak or behave so as to give a false or simulated appearance. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/pretender__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pretender
trans_list: pretendent
sense:
A claimant to a throne or the office of a ruler; originally in a neutral sense, but now always applied to a claimant who is held to have no just title.


lexentry: eng/pretense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pretense
trans_list: roszczenie
sense:
(countable, or, uncountable) The action of pretending; false or simulated show or appearance; false or hypocritical assertion or representation.


lexentry: eng/preterite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preterite
trans_list: czas przeszły
sense:
(grammar) A grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past.


lexentry: eng/pretty_penny__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pretty penny
trans_list: słód
sense:
(idiomatic, informal) Chiefly preceded by a: a considerable amount of money; a high income or price.


lexentry: eng/prevail__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prevail
trans_list: polonais
sense:
(intransitive) To be superior in strength, dominance, influence, or frequency; to have or gain the advantage over others; to have the upper hand; to outnumber others.


lexentry: eng/prevalence__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prevalence
trans_list: chorobowość
sense:
(epidemiology) The total number of cases of a disease in a given statistical population at a given time, divided by the number of individuals in that population.


lexentry: eng/preview__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: preview
trans_list: przedsmak
sense:
(computing) A facility for viewing and checking a document or photo, or changes to it, before saving or printing it.


lexentry: eng/prey__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: prey
trans_list: zdobycz
sense:
(archaic) Anything, such as goods, etc., taken or got by violence; something taken by force from an enemy in war.


lexentry: eng/priapism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: priapism
trans_list: priapizm | ciągotka
sense:
(pathology) A potentially painful or harmful medical condition in which the erect penis does not return to its flaccid state (despite the absence of both physical and psychological stimulation), often as a result of a spinal injury.


lexentry: eng/prickly_saltwort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prickly saltwort
trans_list: solanka kolczysta
sense:
Salsola kali (syn. Kali turgidum), a coastal, halophilic, annual plant, with succulent, spiny leaves.


lexentry: eng/pride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pride
trans_list: duma
sense:
A sense of one's own worth; reasonable self-esteem and satisfaction (in oneself, in one's work, one's family, etc).


lexentry: eng/pride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pride
trans_list: pycha | zarozumiałość | duma
sense:
An unreasonable overestimation of one's own superiority in terms of talents, or looks, wealth, importance, etc., which comes across as being haughty, lofty, and often showing contempt of others; exaggerated self-worth.


lexentry: eng/pride__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pride
trans_list: duma
sense:
Proud or disdainful behavior or treatment that reflects such an attitude (of haughtiness); arrogance.


lexentry: eng/pride__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pride
trans_list: duma
sense:
That of which one is proud; that which excites self-congratulation and self-esteem (whether reasonable or arrogant), for example beauty, ornament, noble character, children, etc.


lexentry: eng/pride_parade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pride parade
trans_list: parada równości
sense:
An annual parade, held in communities in many parts of the world, celebrating lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex pride and culture and the acceptance of people belonging to sexual minorities.


lexentry: eng/prie-dieu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prie-dieu
trans_list: klęcznik
sense:
A piece of furniture on which someone can pray, consisting of a cushioned area to kneel on, with a built-in ledge for books. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/priest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: priest
trans_list: ksiądz | kapłan | duchowny | klecha | prezbiter
sense:
A religious clergyman (clergywoman, clergyperson) who is trained to perform services or sacrifices at a church or temple.


lexentry: eng/primacy_effect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primacy effect
trans_list: efekt pierwszeństwa
sense:
The increased ability to remember items presented earlier, such as the first items in a list: the early-position aspect of the serial position effect.


lexentry: eng/primary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primary
trans_list: prawybory
sense:
(political science) A primary election; a preliminary election to select a political candidate of a political party, or the first round of a two-round election.


lexentry: eng/primary_education__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primary education
trans_list: wykształcenie podstawowe
sense:
The basic schooling given to children up to the age of puberty, including reading, writing, and basic mathematics.


lexentry: eng/primary_key__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primary key
trans_list: klucz główny | klucz podstawowy
sense:
(computing, databases) In the design of a database table, the primary key (abbreviated PK) is selected among the non-empty set of candidate keys. The PK is a column (or an irreducible group of columns) able to identify every row of the table.


lexentry: eng/primary_school__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primary school
trans_list: szkoła podstawowa | podstawówka
sense:
(British, Australian, sometimes, Philippines, schools) A formal, obligatory kind of school that typically begins with nursery school or first grade and ends at fifth or sixth grade.


lexentry: eng/primary_source__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primary source
trans_list: źródło pierwotne
sense:
(scholarly studies) An original work, especially one by a notable author whose work is now the subject of commentaries (secondary sources).


lexentry: eng/primary_source__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: primary source
trans_list: źródło pierwotne
sense:
(historiography) A historical object, especially a written document, that was created at or near the time of the events studied.


lexentry: eng/primate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primate
trans_list: naczelny
sense:
(zoology) A mammal of the order Primates, including apes (which include humans), monkeys, lemurs, tarsiers, lorisids, and galagos.


lexentry: eng/primate__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primate
trans_list: prymas
sense:
(Christianity) In the Catholic Church, a rare title conferred to or claimed by the sees of certain archbishops, or the highest-ranking bishop of a present or historical, usually political circumscription.


lexentry: eng/primate__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: primate
trans_list: prymas
sense:
(Christianity) In the Anglican Church, an archbishop, or the highest-ranking bishop of an ecclesiastic province.


lexentry: eng/prime__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: prime
trans_list: pierwsza
sense:
(mathematics, lay) Having exactly two integral factors: itself and unity (1 in the case of integers).


lexentry: eng/prime_ideal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prime ideal
trans_list: ideał pierwszy
sense:
(algebra, ring theory) Any (two-sided) ideal I such that for arbitrary ideals P and Q, PQ\subseteq I\implies P\subseteq I or Q\subseteq I.


lexentry: eng/prime_meridian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prime meridian
trans_list: południk zerowy
sense:
The reference line at 0° longitude, passing through Greenwich, England, from which longitude east and west is measured.


lexentry: eng/prime_minister__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prime minister
trans_list: premier
sense:
The chief member of the cabinet and head of the government, especially in a parliamentary democracy; often the leader of the majority party.


lexentry: eng/prime_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prime number
trans_list: liczba pierwsza
sense:
(number theory) Any natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers.


lexentry: eng/prime_time__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prime time
trans_list: prime time
sense:
(television, radio) The block of programming on television during the middle of the evening, usually between 7:00 pm and 11:00 pm.


lexentry: eng/primeval_forest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primeval forest
trans_list: puszcza
sense:
A forest unaffected by humans, typically containing large live trees, large dead trees, and large logs.


lexentry: eng/primitive__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: primitive
trans_list: prymityw
sense:
(programming) A data type that is built into the programming language, as opposed to more complex structures.


lexentry: eng/primitivism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: primitivism
trans_list: prymitywizm
sense:
Any of a group of related styles in the arts, influenced by a belief in the superiority of primitive forms.


lexentry: eng/primogeniture__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: primogeniture
trans_list: primogenitura
sense:
The principle that the eldest child, traditionally the eldest male, has an exclusive right of inheritance.


lexentry: eng/primordial_soup__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primordial soup
trans_list: zupa pierwotna
sense:
(informal, evolutionary theory) The state of the Earth's oceans at a very early time in the planet's history, during the early development of multicellular organisms.


lexentry: eng/prince__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: prince
trans_list: książę
sense:
A male member of a royal family other than the ruler; especially (in the United Kingdom) the son or grandson of the monarch. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/princess__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: princess
trans_list: księżniczka | księżna
sense:
A female member of a royal family other than a queen, especially a daughter or granddaughter of a monarch. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/principal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: principal
trans_list: kapitał
sense:
(finance, uncountable) The money originally invested or loaned, on which basis interest and returns are calculated.


lexentry: eng/principal__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: principal
trans_list: klient | mocodawca
sense:
(law) A legal person that authorizes another (the agent) to act on their behalf; or on whose behalf an agent or gestor in a negotiorum gestio acts.


lexentry: eng/principal__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: principal
trans_list: dyrektor | dyrektorka
sense:
(architecture, engineering) The construction that gives shape and strength to a roof, generally a truss of timber or iron; or, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing.


lexentry: eng/principle_of_charity__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: principle of charity
trans_list: zasada wielkoduszności
sense:
(philosophy, rhetoric) The principle according to which an argument should be evaluated in light of its best, strongest possible interpretation.


lexentry: eng/principle_of_relativity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: principle of relativity
trans_list: zasada względności
sense:
(relativity) The principle that only the motion of objects relative to one another can be measured, and that there is no absolute frame of reference.


lexentry: eng/print__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: print
trans_list: drukować
sense:
(transitive) To produce one or more copies of a text or image on a surface, especially by machine; often used with out or off: print out, print off.


lexentry: eng/print__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: print
trans_list: pisać drukowanymi literami
sense:
(ambitransitive) To write very clearly, especially, to write without connecting the letters as in cursive.


lexentry: eng/printed_circuit_board__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: printed circuit board
trans_list: obwód drukowany
sense:
(electronics) A flat board that holds chips and other electronic components in layers that interconnect by means of copper pathways, often called traces.


lexentry: eng/printed_matter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: printed matter
trans_list: druki
sense:
Printed material produced by printers and publishers, including books, magazines, brochures, booklets, publicity material and newspapers, especially in relation to less expensive postage rates for such material.


lexentry: eng/printer__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: printer
trans_list: drukarz | drukarka
sense:
(printing) The operator of a printing press or the owner of a printing business; (metonymy) any printing business.


lexentry: eng/printer__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: printer
trans_list: drukarka
sense:
(computer hardware) A device, usually attached to a computer, used to print text or images onto paper; an analogous device capable of producing three-dimensional objects.


lexentry: eng/printing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: printing
trans_list: druk | drukarstwo
sense:
(uncountable) The process or business of producing printed material by means of inked type and a printing press or similar technology.


lexentry: eng/prion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prion
trans_list: prion
sense:
(molecular biology) A self-propagating misfolded conformer of a protein that is responsible for a number of diseases that affect the brain and other neural tissue.


lexentry: eng/priority_queue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: priority queue
trans_list: kolejka priorytetowa
sense:
(computing, computer science) An abstract data type similar to a regular queue or stack abstract data type.


lexentry: eng/prism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prism
trans_list: graniastosłup
sense:
(geometry) A polyhedron with parallel ends of the same polygonal shape and size, the other faces being parallelogram-shaped sides.


lexentry: eng/prism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prism
trans_list: pryzmat
sense:
(optics) A transparent block in the shape of a prism (sense 1), typically with triangular ends, used to reflect or refract light.


lexentry: eng/prison__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prison
trans_list: więzienie | pierdel
sense:
A place or institution where people are held against their will, in the US especially for long-term confinement, as of those convicted of serious crimes or otherwise considered undesirable by the government.


lexentry: eng/prison_guard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prison guard
trans_list: strażnik więzienny
sense:
(law enforcement) An armed person working to provide order, security, discipline, punishment, and prevent escapes of prisoners in a jail that answers to a warden.


lexentry: eng/prisoner_of_war__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prisoner of war
trans_list: jeniec wojenny
sense:
A combatant or soldier who is captured by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/private_detective__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private detective
trans_list: prywatny detektyw
sense:
Person who is not a government official who is hired to provide information about a person or group that is not widely available


lexentry: eng/private_international_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private international law
trans_list: prawo prywatne międzynarodowe
sense:
The law of a state that decides the law of which state is applied to legal relationships in civil and commercial matters that contain foreign elements.


lexentry: eng/private_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private law
trans_list: prawo prywatneo | prawo prywatne
sense:
(legal) The area of law pertaining to the relationships between private persons (natural or legal persons including corporations), as opposed to relations between the state and private persons.


lexentry: eng/private_life__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private life
trans_list: życie osobiste | życie prywatne
sense:
The aspects of one's life that are personal, such as family, friends and other personal relationships, as opposed to the elements that make up one's public or professional life.


lexentry: eng/private_message__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private message
trans_list: priv | wiadomość prywatna
sense:
(Internet) A message sent to another user of a social media or chat platform through a private channel as opposed to a publicly accessible area or chatroom.


lexentry: eng/private_parts__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private parts
trans_list: intymne części ciała
sense:
(euphemistic) Those parts of the human body commonly expected to be covered by clothing when in public; especially, the pubic area.


lexentry: eng/private_property__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private property
trans_list: własność prywatna
sense:
(law, property law) Property to which individuals or corporations have certain exclusive property rights, but do not necessarily possess.


lexentry: eng/private_sector__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private sector
trans_list: sektor prywatny
sense:
(business) All organizations in an economy or jurisdiction that are not controlled by government, including privately owned businesses and not-for-profit organizations.


lexentry: eng/privateer__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: privateer
trans_list: kaper
sense:
(historical) An officer or any other member of the crew of such a ship; a government-sanctioned pirate. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/privation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: privation
trans_list: brak
sense:
(philosophy) The state of being deprived of or lacking an attribute formerly or properly possessed; the loss or absence of such an attribute.


lexentry: eng/privilege__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: privilege
trans_list: przywilej
sense:
(ecclesiastical law, now, chiefly, historical) An exemption from certain laws granted by the Pope. [from 8th c.]


lexentry: eng/privilege__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: privilege
trans_list: przywilej
sense:
(countable) A particular benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity enjoyed by some but not others; a prerogative, preferential treatment. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/prize__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prize
trans_list: nagroda
sense:
An honour or reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything offered to be competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort.


lexentry: eng/pro-choice__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pro-choice
trans_list: pro-choice
sense:
Supportive in general of a person's right to choose; supportive of self-determination, bodily integrity, and individual sovereignty.


lexentry: eng/pro_forma__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pro forma
trans_list: pro forma
sense:
Occurring, undertaken, or performed as a perfunctory matter, in the interest of form, or for the sake of formality.


lexentry: eng/probability_distribution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: probability distribution
trans_list: rozkład prawdopodobieństwa
sense:
(statistics) A distribution of all possible values of a random variable together with an indication of their probabilities.


lexentry: eng/probability_measure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: probability measure
trans_list: miara probabilistyczna
sense:
(mathematics) A mathematical measure on a probability space that can take on values between 0 and 1, with 0 corresponding to the empty set and 1 to the entire space.


lexentry: eng/probability_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: probability theory
trans_list: rachunek prawdopodobieństwa | teoria prawdopodobieństwa
sense:
(mathematics) The mathematical study of probability (the likelihood of occurrence of random events in order to predict the behavior of defined systems).


lexentry: eng/probable_cause__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: probable cause
trans_list: prawdopodobny motyw
sense:
(US, law, uncountable) Reasonable grounds for making an arrest or conducting a personal or property search.


lexentry: eng/probation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: probation
trans_list: okres próbny | staż
sense:
A period of time when a person occupies a position only conditionally and may be removed if certain conditions are not met.


lexentry: eng/probation_officer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: probation officer
trans_list: kurator sądowy
sense:
A law enforcement officer who supervises offenders who have been released from incarceration and, often, recommends sentencing in courts of law.


lexentry: eng/probiotic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: probiotic
trans_list: probiotyk
sense:
(bacteriology) A food or dietary supplement, such as a yogurt, containing live bacteria for therapeutic reasons.


lexentry: eng/proboscis_monkey__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proboscis monkey
trans_list: nosacz
sense:
Nasalis larvatus, a reddish-brown arboreal Old World monkey with an unusually large nose, endemic to Borneo.


lexentry: eng/procedural__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: procedural
trans_list: procedural
sense:
(literature, film genre) A type of literature, film, or television program involving a sequence of technical detail.


lexentry: eng/procedural_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: procedural law
trans_list: prawo procesowe | prawo formalne
sense:
(legal) The law that comprises the rule by which a court hears and determines what happens in civil or criminal proceedings.


lexentry: eng/proceed__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: proceed
trans_list: kontynuować
sense:
To go on in an orderly or regulated manner; to begin and carry on a series of acts or measures; to act methodically


lexentry: eng/process__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: process
trans_list: asymilować | przyswajać
sense:
(transitive, figurative) To think about a piece of information, or a concept, in order to assimilate it, and perhaps accept it in a modified state.


lexentry: eng/processed_cheese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: processed cheese
trans_list: ser topiony
sense:
Any of several types of natural cheese that are pasteurized to lengthen storage life and combined with emulsifiers to aid smoothness. In some cases, processed cheeses contain added colorings and preservatives.


lexentry: eng/procession__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: procession
trans_list: procesja
sense:
A group of people or things moving along in an orderly, stately, or solemn manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a retinue.


lexentry: eng/proclivity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proclivity
trans_list: skłonność
sense:
A predisposition or natural inclination, propensity, or a predilection; especially, a strong disposition or bent.


lexentry: eng/procrustean_bed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: procrustean bed
trans_list: prokrustowe łoże
sense:
An arbitrary standard, especially one that is forced upon people for the sake of conformity and involves the sacrifice of what is useful.


lexentry: eng/prodigal_son__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prodigal son
trans_list: syn marnotrawny
sense:
Someone who returns home from travelling or exile or who is welcomed back after disgrace, especially having repented of former extravagant or immoral behavior.


lexentry: eng/produce__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: produce
trans_list: płody rolne
sense:
Harvested agricultural goods collectively, especially vegetables and fruit, but possibly including eggs, dairy products and meat; the saleable food products of farms.


lexentry: eng/producer__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: producer
trans_list: producent | wytwórca | producentka | autotrof
sense:
(UK, Irish, slang) An arrest for speeding after which the driver is allowed seven (in the UK) or ten (in Ireland) days to produce his/her driving licence and related documents at a police station.


lexentry: eng/producer_good__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: producer good
trans_list: półfabrykat | półprodukt | półwyrób
sense:
(economics) An item of goods, such as partly finished goods, used as an input in the production of other goods.


lexentry: eng/product__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: product
trans_list: iloczyn | produkt
sense:
(mathematics) Any operation or a result thereof which generalises multiplication of numbers, like the multiplicative operation in a ring, product of types or a categorical product.


lexentry: eng/product__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: product
trans_list: produkt
sense:
Any tangible or intangible good or service that is a result of a process and that is intended for delivery to a customer or end user.


lexentry: eng/product_placement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: product placement
trans_list: lokowanie produktu
sense:
(marketing) A form of advertising where a brand or product is incorporated into non-advertising media such as films.


lexentry: eng/production_line__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: production line
trans_list: linia produkcyjna
sense:
(manufacturing) A set of sequential operations established in a factory whereby materials are put through a refining process or components are assembled to make a finished article.


lexentry: eng/productivity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: productivity
trans_list: produktywność
sense:
The rate at which goods or services are produced by a standard population of workers; those workers' degree of efficiency.


lexentry: eng/profess__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: profess
trans_list: wyznawać
sense:
(transitive, chiefly, passive) To administer the vows of a religious order to (someone); to admit to a religious order. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/profession_of_faith__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: profession of faith
trans_list: wyznanie wiary
sense:
(religion) A creed; a (typically formulaic) statement of the beliefs of one's religion, often recited during public prayers or liturgies.


lexentry: eng/professional_wrestling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: professional wrestling
trans_list: wrestling
sense:
A form of sports entertainment characterized by the performance of choreographed wrestling matches with predetermined outcomes.


lexentry: eng/professionalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: professionalism
trans_list: profesjonalizm
sense:
The status, methods, character or standards expected of a professional or of a professional organization, such as reliability, discretion, evenhandedness, and fair play.


lexentry: eng/professor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: professor
trans_list: profesor | profesorka
sense:
(US, Philippines, informal) A teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank.


lexentry: eng/profit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: profit
trans_list: profit | przychód
sense:
(accounting, economics) Total income or cash flow minus expenditures. The money or other benefit a non-governmental organization or individual receives in exchange for products and services sold at an advertised price.


lexentry: eng/profound__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: profound
trans_list: głęboki
sense:
Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough


lexentry: eng/progeria__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: progeria
trans_list: progeria
sense:
(pathology) An extremely rare genetic condition wherein symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at an early age.


lexentry: eng/progesterone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: progesterone
trans_list: progesteron
sense:
(steroid hormone, uncountable) A steroid hormone, secreted by the ovaries, whose function is to prepare the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized ovum and to maintain pregnancy.


lexentry: eng/prognosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prognosis
trans_list: prognoza
sense:
A forecast of the future course or outcome of a situation based on what is presently known; a prediction. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/prognosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prognosis
trans_list: prognoza | rokowanie
sense:
(medicine) A forecast of the future course or outcome of a disease or disorder based on current medical knowledge. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/program__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: program
trans_list: program
sense:
(politics) A set of principal goals which are supported by a political party or individual candidate.


lexentry: eng/program__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: program
trans_list: programować
sense:
(transitive) To enter a program or other instructions into (a computer or other electronic device) to instruct it to do a particular task.


lexentry: eng/program_counter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: program counter
trans_list: licznik programu
sense:
(computing) A register that stores the address of the current (or next) instruction to be carried out by the processor.


lexentry: eng/program_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: program music
trans_list: muzyka programowa
sense:
(music) A form of art music, generally without vocal parts, that attempts to convey a scene, image, or mood.


lexentry: eng/program_trading__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: program trading
trans_list: handel wysokich częstotliwości | handel wysokiej częstotliwości
sense:
(business, finance, computing) High-volume and high-speed buying and selling of investment securities, such as stocks and bonds, which is initiated and executed by brokerage firms' computer programs that continually monitor market conditions.


lexentry: eng/programming_language__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: programming language
trans_list: język programowania
sense:
(programming) A code of reserved words and symbols used in computer programs, which give instructions to the computer on how to accomplish certain computing tasks.


lexentry: eng/progress__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: progress
trans_list: postęp
sense:
Movement or advancement through a series of events, or points in time; development through time. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/progress_bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: progress bar
trans_list: pasek postępu
sense:
(graphical user interface) A bar that indicates the progression of a task by gradually filling its empty space with solid colour.


lexentry: eng/progressive__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: progressive
trans_list: postępowiec | progresywista
sense:
A person who actively favors or strives for progress towards improved conditions, as in society or government.


lexentry: eng/progressive_aspect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: progressive aspect
trans_list: aspekt ciągły
sense:
(linguistics) A grammatical aspect that expresses the dynamic quality of actions that are in progress.


lexentry: eng/project_management__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: project management
trans_list: zarządzanie projektami
sense:
(operations) The discipline of organizing and managing resources (e.g. people) in such a way that a project is completed within defined scope, quality, time and cost constraints.


lexentry: eng/projection__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: projection
trans_list: projekcja | wyświetlenie
sense:
The display of an image by devices such as movie projector, video projector, overhead projector or slide projector.


lexentry: eng/projection__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: projection
trans_list: projekcja
sense:
(psychology) A belief or assumption that others have similar thoughts and experiences to one's own, including making accusations that would more fittingly apply to the accuser.


lexentry: eng/projection__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: projection
trans_list: projekcja
sense:
(cartography) Any of several systems of intersecting lines that allow the curved surface of the earth to be represented on a flat surface. The set of mathematics used to calculate coordinate positions.


lexentry: eng/projective_geometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: projective geometry
trans_list: geometria rzutowa
sense:
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics that investigates those properties of figures that are invariant under homographies, special kinds of spaces called projective spaces, and the geometric structures that inhabit them.


lexentry: eng/projective_line__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: projective line
trans_list: linia rzutowa
sense:
(projective geometry) A line that includes a point at infinity; a line in a projective space; a projective space of dimension 1.


lexentry: eng/projective_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: projective space
trans_list: przestrzeń rzutowa
sense:
(geometry) A kind of geometrical space in which only relation(s) of incidence between points and lines matter; in such a space distances or angles do not matter and parallelism (as in an affine space) does not matter either.


lexentry: eng/projector__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: projector
trans_list: projektor | rzutnik
sense:
An optical device that projects a beam of light, especially one used to project an image (or moving images) onto a screen. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/prokaryote__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prokaryote
trans_list: prokariont
sense:
An organism whose cell (or cells) are characterized by the absence of a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.


lexentry: eng/prolactin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prolactin
trans_list: prolaktyna
sense:
(hormone) A peptide gonadotrophic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland; it stimulates growth of the mammary glands and lactation in females.


lexentry: eng/proleg__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proleg
trans_list: posuwka
sense:
(entomology) An appendage of the abdomen of some insect larvae, such as caterpillars, which is used like a leg.


lexentry: eng/proletariat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proletariat
trans_list: proletariat
sense:
(often, derogatory, also, figuratively) The lowest class of society; also, the lower classes of society generally; the masses.


lexentry: eng/proletariat__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: proletariat
trans_list: proletariat
sense:
(Marxism) Wage earners collectively; people who own no capital and depend on their labour for survival; the working class, especially when seen as engaged in a class struggle with the bourgeoisie.


lexentry: eng/proletariat__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: proletariat
trans_list: proletariat
sense:
(chiefly, Ancient Rome, historical) The lowest class of citizens, who had no property and few rights, and were regarded as contributing only their offspring to the state.


lexentry: eng/proliferation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proliferation
trans_list: rozprzestrzenienie
sense:
(uncountable) The process by which an organism produces others of its kind; breeding, propagation, procreation, reproduction.


lexentry: eng/proliferation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: proliferation
trans_list: proliferacja
sense:
(uncountable) In paticular, the spread (proliferating) of biochemical, nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction to countries not originally involved in developing them.


lexentry: eng/prolific__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prolific
trans_list: płodny
sense:
Fertile; producing offspring or fruit in abundance, applied to plants producing fruit, animals producing young, etc.


lexentry: eng/proline__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proline
trans_list: prolina
sense:
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid C5H9NO2 found in most animal proteins, especially collagen; its cyclic structure leads to kinks in the peptide chain of proteins.


lexentry: eng/prom__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prom
trans_list: bela
sense:
(US) A formal ball held at a high school or college on special occasions; e.g., near the end of the academic year.


lexentry: eng/promenade__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: promenade
trans_list: promenada
sense:
A place where one takes a walk for leisurely pleasure, or for exercise, especially a terrace by the seaside.


lexentry: eng/prominence__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: prominence
trans_list: wzniesienie
sense:
(topography) Autonomous height; relative height or prime factor; a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains.


lexentry: eng/promiscuous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: promiscuous
trans_list: nasłuchujący
sense:
(networking) The mode in which an NIC gathers all network traffic instead of getting only the traffic intended for it.


lexentry: eng/promise__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: promise
trans_list: obiecać | obiecywać
sense:
(ambitransitive, ditransitive) To commit to (some action or outcome), or to assure (a person) of such commitment; to make an oath or vow.


lexentry: eng/promissory_note__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: promissory note
trans_list: weksel własny
sense:
(finance) A document saying that someone owes a specific amount of money to someone else, often with the deadline and interest fees; the primary purposes of a promissory note are to evidence the debt obligation incurred, and to establish terms for payment thereof.


lexentry: eng/promote__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: promote
trans_list: promować | wypromować
sense:
(transitive) To advocate or urge on behalf of (something or someone); to attempt to popularize or sell by means of advertising or publicity.


lexentry: eng/promoter__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: promoter
trans_list: promotor | promotorka
sense:
(genetics) The section of DNA that controls the initiation of RNA transcription as a product of a gene.


lexentry: eng/promotional__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: promotional
trans_list: awansowy | promocyjny
sense:
Of or relating to an advertising promotion; serving to promote a service, institution, business, etc.


lexentry: eng/prompt__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prompt
trans_list: monit
sense:
(computing) A sequence of characters that is displayed to indicate that a computer is ready to receive input.


lexentry: eng/prompter's_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prompter's box
trans_list: dziura
sense:
The raised box in the apron of a stage, opening towards the actors. The prompter sits inside with the prompter's book, ready to give cues for missed or forgotten lines.


lexentry: eng/pronoia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pronoia
trans_list: pronoja
sense:
(historical, Byzantine Empire) An imperial grant to an individual of temporary fiscal rights in the form of land, incomes or taxes from land, fishing rights, etc., sometimes carrying with it an obligation of military service.


lexentry: eng/pronominal_adverb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pronominal adverb
trans_list: przysłówek zaimkowy
sense:
(grammar) An adverb which contains a pronominal element; generally such an adverb replaces a phrase of preposition + pronoun.


lexentry: eng/pronominal_verb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pronominal verb
trans_list: czasownik zaimkowy
sense:
(linguistics, grammar) A form of verb that has an attached pronoun in some languages (e.g. French, Spanish).


lexentry: eng/pronoun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pronoun
trans_list: zaimek
sense:
(grammar) A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.


lexentry: eng/proof__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proof
trans_list: dowód
sense:
(countable) An effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.


lexentry: eng/proof__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: proof
trans_list: dowód
sense:
(countable, mathematics) A process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed. Compare prove, transitive verb, 5.


lexentry: eng/proof_by_contradiction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proof by contradiction
trans_list: dowód nie wprost | sprowadzenie do absurdu
sense:
(mathematics, logic) The proof of a statement adduced by deriving a contradiction from the statement's negation.


lexentry: eng/proofread__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proofread
trans_list: poprawiać
sense:
(transitive, and, intransitive) To check a written text for errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and punctuation.


lexentry: eng/prop__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prop
trans_list: rekwizyt
sense:
(theater, film) An item placed on a stage or set to create a scene or scenario in which actors perform.


lexentry: eng/propaganda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propaganda
trans_list: propaganda
sense:
(religion, historical) The propagation of the faith by the Catholic Church by means of missionary work etc.


lexentry: eng/propaganda_of_the_deed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propaganda of the deed
trans_list: propaganda czynem
sense:
A politically motivated act of violence, meant to broadcast an ideological message and serve as catalyst to ignite a spirit of socialist revolution among the proletariat against perceived oppressors.


lexentry: eng/propagate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: propagate
trans_list: propagować
sense:
(transitive) To spread from person to person; to extend the knowledge of; to originate and spread; to carry from place to place; to disseminate.


lexentry: eng/propel__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propel
trans_list: poruszyć
sense:
(transitive) To provide an impetus for motion or physical action; to cause to move in a certain direction; to drive or push forward.


lexentry: eng/propel__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: propel
trans_list: gonić
sense:
(transitive, figurative) To provide an impetus for nonphysical change; to cause to arrive to a certain situation or result.


lexentry: eng/propellant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propellant
trans_list: paliwo
sense:
fuel, oxidizer, reaction mass or mixture for one or more engines (especially internal combustion engines or jet engines) that is carried within a vehicle prior to use


lexentry: eng/propeller__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: propeller
trans_list: śmigło | śruba
sense:
A mechanical device with evenly-shaped blades that turn on a shaft to push against air or water, especially one used to propel an aircraft or boat.


lexentry: eng/proper_fraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proper fraction
trans_list: ułamek właściwy
sense:
(arithmetic) A vulgar fraction in which the magnitude of the numerator is less than or equal to that of the denominator, such as 2/3.


lexentry: eng/proper_noun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proper noun
trans_list: nazwa własna
sense:
(grammar) A word or phrase that is a noun denoting a particular person, place, organization, ship, animal, event, or other individual entity.


lexentry: eng/propitiation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propitiation
trans_list: przebłagiwanie
sense:
The act of propitiating; placation, atonement, similar to expiation but also involving the appeasement of anger.


lexentry: eng/propolis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propolis
trans_list: kit pszczeli | propolis
sense:
An aromatic glue-like substance produced by honeybees from tree resin, waxes, and their own secretions, used in the construction of their hives.


lexentry: eng/proportional__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proportional
trans_list: proporcjonalny
sense:
(mathematics) At a constant ratio (to). Two magnitudes (numbers) are said to be proportional if the second varies in a direct relation arithmetically to the first. Symbol: ∝.


lexentry: eng/proportional_representation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proportional representation
trans_list: ordynacja proporcjonala
sense:
A voting principle aimed at securing a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (usually political parties) obtain in elections, and the percentage of seats they receive in the elected body.


lexentry: eng/proposal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proposal
trans_list: oświadczyny | oferta | wniosek
sense:
(legal) The offer by a party of what they have in view as to an intended business transaction, which, with acceptance, constitutes a contract.


lexentry: eng/proposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: proposition
trans_list: stwierdzenie
sense:
(countable, mathematics) An assertion which is provably true, but not important enough to be called a theorem.


lexentry: eng/propositional_logic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propositional logic
trans_list: rachunek zdań
sense:
(logic) A formal deductive system in which formulae representing propositions can be formed by combining atomic propositions using logical connectives.


lexentry: eng/propriety__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: propriety
trans_list: forma
sense:
(often, in the plural) Correctness in behaviour and morals; good manners, seemliness. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/propulsion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propulsion
trans_list: napęd
sense:
The process of propelling, driving, or pushing, typically forward or onward; a propulsive force or impulse.


lexentry: eng/propyl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propyl
trans_list: propyl
sense:
(organic chemistry) Either of two isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, C3H7, formally derived from propane by the loss of a hydrogen atom. [from 1850]


lexentry: eng/propylene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propylene
trans_list: propen
sense:
(organic compound) The organic chemical compound propene. An alkene which is a colorless gaseous (at room temperature and pressure) hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C3H6.


lexentry: eng/prorogue__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prorogue
trans_list: odraczać | odroczyć
sense:
(transitive) To suspend (a parliamentary session) or to discontinue the meetings of (an assembly, parliament etc.) without formally ending the session. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/prosaic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prosaic
trans_list: prozaiczny
sense:
(main usage, usually of writing or speaking but also figurative) Overly plain, simple or commonplace, to the point of being boring.


lexentry: eng/prosecution__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: prosecution
trans_list: prokuratura | strona oskarżająca
sense:
(legal) In many countries, a legal body and institution, usually part of the state apparatus, empowered to perform prosecution. Prosecutor's Office. See Prosecutor.


lexentry: eng/prosecutor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prosecutor
trans_list: prokurator
sense:
(law) A person, as a complainant, victim, or chief witness, who institutes prosecution in a criminal proceeding.


lexentry: eng/proselytize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proselytize
trans_list: apostołować
sense:
(ambitransitive, broadly) To advertise one’s religious beliefs; to convert (someone) to one’s own faith or religious movement or encourage them to do so.


lexentry: eng/proselytize__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: proselytize
trans_list: apostołować
sense:
(by extension, ambitransitive) To advertise a non-religious belief, way of living, cause, point of view, (scientific) hypothesis, social or other position, political party, or other organization; to convince someone to join such a cause or organization or support such a position; to recruit someone.


lexentry: eng/prosimian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prosimian
trans_list: małpiatka
sense:
A primate that is not a monkey or an ape, generally nocturnal with large eyes and ears. Such primates were formerly grouped in the suborder Prosimii, but are now considered a paraphyletic group and not a clade.


lexentry: eng/prosopagnosia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prosopagnosia
trans_list: prozopagnozja
sense:
(neurology, pathology, psychology) A form of visual agnosia characterized by difficulty with face recognition despite intact low-level visual processing.


lexentry: eng/prosopopoeia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prosopopoeia
trans_list: prozopopeja
sense:
(rhetoric) An act of personifying a person or object when communicating to an audience; a figure of speech involving this.


lexentry: eng/prosper__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prosper
trans_list: prosperować | kwitnąć
sense:
(intransitive) To be successful; to succeed; to be fortunate or prosperous; to thrive; to make gain.


lexentry: eng/prostate_gland__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prostate gland
trans_list: gruczoł krokowy
sense:
(anatomy) A gland in male mammals surrounding the urethra just below the urinary bladder that controls the release of urine from the bladder and produces a secretion that is the fluid part of semen.


lexentry: eng/prosthodontics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prosthodontics
trans_list: protetyka stomatologiczna
sense:
Prosthetic dentistry: a specialty of dentistry concerned with the restoration or replacement of damaged or missing teeth or portions thereof.


lexentry: eng/prostitute__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prostitute
trans_list: prostytutka | kurwa | męska prostytutka
sense:
A person who does, or offers to do, a demeaning or dishonourable activity for money or personal gain; someone who acts in a dishonourable way for personal advantage. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/prostitute__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prostitute
trans_list: prostytuować się | sprostytuować się
sense:
(transitive, reflexive) To offer (oneself or someone else) for sexual activity in exchange for money. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/prostitute__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prostitute
trans_list: prostytuować | prostytuować się | sprostytuować | sprostytuować się
sense:
(transitive, derogatory) To sacrifice (oneself, one's talents etc.) in return for profit or other advantage; to exploit for base purposes.


lexentry: eng/protagonist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protagonist
trans_list: protagonista | bohater | główny bohater | protagonistka
sense:
(authorship) The main character, or one of the main characters, in any story, such as a literary work or drama.


lexentry: eng/protection_money__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protection money
trans_list: ochrona
sense:
Money paid, especially at regular intervals, to criminals or to corrupt officials who threaten to cause harm to the payer or to his or her business if the money is not paid.


lexentry: eng/protection_racket__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protection racket
trans_list: haracz
sense:
(crime) A criminal scheme in which victims are required to pay in order to avoid violence or destruction of property.


lexentry: eng/protectionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protectionism
trans_list: protekcjonizm
sense:
(politics, economics) A system or policy of protecting the domestic producers of a product from foreign competition by imposing tariffs, quotas, duties or other barriers on importations.


lexentry: eng/protectionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protectionist
trans_list: protekcjonista | protekcjonistka
sense:
Someone who believes in protecting domestic producers by impeding or limiting the importation of foreign goods and services via actions taken by government.


lexentry: eng/protectorate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protectorate
trans_list: protektorat
sense:
(UK, historical) Government by a protector; especially, The Protectorate: government of England, Scotland, and Ireland between 1653 and 1659 under the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell, later his son Richard Cromwell.


lexentry: eng/protectorate__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: protectorate
trans_list: protektorat
sense:
The authority assumed by a state over another state deemed inferior or dependent, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and shares in the management of its affairs but the protected state retains its nominal sovereignty.


lexentry: eng/protein__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protein
trans_list: białko | proteina
sense:
(biochemistry, countable) Any of numerous large, complex naturally-produced molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids, in which the amino acid groups are held together by peptide bonds.


lexentry: eng/protein__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: protein
trans_list: białko | proteina
sense:
(nutrition, uncountable) One of three major classes of food or source of food energy (4 kcal/gram) abundant in animal-derived foods (meat) and some vegetables, such as legumes.


lexentry: eng/proteinuria__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proteinuria
trans_list: białkomocz
sense:
(medicine) The presence of protein in the urine (which is always true in small amounts); and usually, more specifically, an excess (hyperproteinuria).


lexentry: eng/proteome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proteome
trans_list: proteom
sense:
(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of proteins encoded by a particular genome. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/prothesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prothesis
trans_list: proteza
sense:
(phonology) The prepending of phonemes at the beginning of a word without changing its morphological structure, as in Spanish esfera from Greek (via Latin) (without prothesis the word would have become *sfera).


lexentry: eng/prothrombin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prothrombin
trans_list: protrombina
sense:
(protein) A glycoprotein, produced in the liver, that is converted into thrombin during bleeding and subsequent clotting.


lexentry: eng/protist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protist
trans_list: protista
sense:
(microbiology) Any of the eukaryotic, usually unicellular organisms—including protozoans, slime molds and some algae—historically grouped into the kingdom Protista (or Protoctista), now distributed over several clades; any eukaryote that is not a plant, animal or fungus.


lexentry: eng/protium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protium
trans_list: prot
sense:
(isotope) The lightest and most common isotope of hydrogen, having a single proton and no neutrons: 11H. It is the only stable nuclide with no neutrons.


lexentry: eng/proto-__Prefix__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: proto-
trans_list: pra-
sense:
(inorganic chemistry) A minimal proportion of a particular substance when in a combination. See protosalt.


lexentry: eng/proto-language__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proto-language
trans_list: prajęzyk
sense:
(linguistics) A language which is reconstructed by examining similarities in existing languages in order to deduce the form and aspects of a common ancestor language that is no longer known.


lexentry: eng/protocol__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: protocol
trans_list: protokół
sense:
(international law, now, _, rare) An official record of a diplomatic meeting or negotiation; later specifically, a draft document setting out agreements to be signed into force by a subsequent formal treaty. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/protocol__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: protocol
trans_list: protokół
sense:
The official rules and guidelines for heads of state and other dignitaries, governing accepted behaviour in relations with other diplomatic representatives or over affairs of state. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/protocol__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: protocol
trans_list: protokół
sense:
(computing) A set of formal rules describing how to transmit or exchange data, especially across a network. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/protologism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protologism
trans_list: protologizm
sense:
(neologism) A newly coined word or phrase defined in the hope that it will become common; a recently created term possibly in narrow use but not yet acknowledged.


lexentry: eng/proton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proton
trans_list: proton
sense:
(particle) A positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark.


lexentry: eng/protoplanet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protoplanet
trans_list: protoplaneta
sense:
An astronomical object, approximately the size of the Moon, formed from the mutual gravitational attraction of planetesimals; they are thought to collide with each other and slowly form planets


lexentry: eng/protoplasm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protoplasm
trans_list: protoplazma | zaródź
sense:
(cytology) The entire contents of a cell comprising the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is a semi-fluid, transparent substance which is the living matter of plant and animal cells.


lexentry: eng/prototype__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prototype
trans_list: prototyp
sense:
An original form or object which is a basis for other forms or objects (particularly manufactured items), or for its generalizations and models. [from late 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/prototype__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: prototype
trans_list: prototyp
sense:
(semantics) An instance of a category or a concept that combines its most representative attributes.


lexentry: eng/prototype_pattern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prototype pattern
trans_list: prototyp
sense:
(programming) A creational design pattern that determines the type of objects to create by a prototypical instance, which is cloned to produce new objects.


lexentry: eng/protozoan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protozoan
trans_list: pierwotniak
sense:
(cytology) Any of the diverse group of eukaryotes, of the phylum Protozoa, that are primarily unicellular, existing singly or aggregating into colonies, are usually nonphotosynthetic, and are often classified further into phyla according to their capacity for and means of motility, as by pseudopods, flagella, or cilia.


lexentry: eng/protract__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: protract
trans_list: szkicować
sense:
(surveying) To draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of, with scale and protractor; to plot.


lexentry: eng/protégé__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protégé
trans_list: protegowana | protegowany
sense:
A person who is guided and supported by an older and more experienced person (a protector or mentor).


lexentry: eng/prove__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prove
trans_list: udowadniać | dowodzić
sense:
(transitive) To demonstrate that something is true or viable; to give proof for; to bear out; to testify.


lexentry: eng/proverb__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: proverb
trans_list: przysłowie
sense:
(obsolete) Any commonly used turn of phrase expressing a metaphor, simile, or descriptive epithet. [before 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/province__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: province
trans_list: prowincja
sense:
(Christianity) An area under the jurisdiction of an archbishop, typically comprising a number of adjacent dioceses. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/provincial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: provincial
trans_list: prowincjonalna | prowincjonalne | prowincjonalni | prowincjonalny
sense:
Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical.


lexentry: eng/provision__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: provision
trans_list: rezerwa
sense:
(accounting) A liability or contra account to recognise likely future adverse events associated with current transactions.


lexentry: eng/provisional__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: provisional
trans_list: tymczasowy | prowizoryczny | przejściowy
sense:
Temporary, but with the intention of eventually becoming permanent or being replaced by a permanent equivalent.


lexentry: eng/provitamin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: provitamin
trans_list: prowitamina
sense:
(biochemistry) Any biologically inactive compound that may be converted into a vitamin within an animal organism


lexentry: eng/provost__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: provost
trans_list: prepozyt
sense:
(religion) The minister of the chief Protestant church of a town or region in Germany, the Low Countries, and Scandinavia.


lexentry: eng/provost__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: provost
trans_list: prepozyt | prowost
sense:
A mayor: the chief magistrate of a town, particularly (Scotland) the head of a burgh or (historical) the former chiefs of various towns in France, Flanders, or (by extension) other Continental European countries.


lexentry: eng/prowess__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prowess
trans_list: pojemność
sense:
(uncountable) Skillfulness or extraordinary ability in a particular area of expertise; dexterity, mastery, or proficiency.


lexentry: eng/prowl__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prowl
trans_list: grasować
sense:
(ambitransitive) To rove over, through, or about in a stealthy manner; especially, to search in, as for prey or booty.


lexentry: eng/proxy__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: proxy
trans_list: pośrednik
sense:
(software) An interface for a service, especially for one that is remote, resource-intensive, or otherwise difficult to use directly.


lexentry: eng/proxy_pattern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proxy pattern
trans_list: zastępca
sense:
(software, design) A structural design pattern that is implemented as a class functioning as an interface for a network connection, a large object in memory, a file, or some other resource that is expensive or impossible to duplicate.


lexentry: eng/proxy_server__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proxy server
trans_list: serwer pośredniczący | serwer-pośrednik
sense:
(computing) A hardware server that acts as an intermediary between a user and another server, usually on the Internet.


lexentry: eng/proxy_war__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proxy war
trans_list: wojna zastępcza
sense:
A war where two powers use third parties as a supplement to, or a substitute for, fighting each other directly.


lexentry: eng/prude__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prude
trans_list: świętoszek | świętoszka
sense:
A person who is or tries to be excessively proper, especially one who is easily offended by matters of a sexual nature.


lexentry: eng/prudence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prudence
trans_list: roztropność | chytrość | przezorność | uwaga
sense:
(uncountable) The quality or state of being prudent: circumspection and good judgment in knowing how best to act; (countable, archaic) an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/pruning_shears__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pruning shears
trans_list: sekator
sense:
(plurale tantum) A tool consisting of two blades with bevel edges, connected by a pivot, used for gardening.


lexentry: eng/psalm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: psalm
trans_list: psalm
sense:
One of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship.


lexentry: eng/psaltery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psaltery
trans_list: psalterion | psalterium
sense:
(musical instrument) A zither-like musical instrument consisting of a soundboard with multiple strings, played by plucking the strings with the fingers or a plectrum.


lexentry: eng/pseudocode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudocode
trans_list: pseudokod
sense:
A description of a computer programming algorithm that uses the structural conventions of programming languages but omits detailed subroutines or language-specific syntax.


lexentry: eng/pseudoephedrine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudoephedrine
trans_list: pseudoefedryna
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A sympathomimetic alkaloid commonly used as a decongestant; a chemical compound, an isomer of ephedrine, with the formula C10H15NO.


lexentry: eng/pseudonymization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudonymization
trans_list: pseudonimizacja
sense:
(computing, law) The replacement of all data (in a database etc) that identifies a person with an artificial identifier or pseudonym.


lexentry: eng/pseudopod__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudopod
trans_list: nibynóżka
sense:
(cytology) A temporary projection of the cytoplasm of certain cells, such as phagocytes, or of certain unicellular organisms, such as amoebas, that serves in locomotion. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pseudorandom__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudorandom
trans_list: pseudolosowy
sense:
Of a sequence of numbers, such that it has all the properties of a random sequence following some probability distribution (except true randomness), but is actually generated using a deterministic algorithm.


lexentry: eng/pseudoscience__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudoscience
trans_list: pseudonauka
sense:
(pejorative) Any body of knowledge that purports to be scientific or to be supported by science (or may appear to be scientific) but which fails to comply with the scientific method (or rather, is not true science). [from 1796]


lexentry: eng/pseudoscorpion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudoscorpion
trans_list: zaleszczotek
sense:
An arachnid belonging to the order Pseudoscorpiones, also known as Pseudoscorpionida or Chelonethida


lexentry: eng/pseudoword__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudoword
trans_list: logatom
sense:
(linguistics) A unit of speech or text that respects the phonotactic restrictions of a language, but is not part of the lexicon; a non-word whose nonexistence is merely an accidental gap.


lexentry: eng/psi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psi
trans_list: psi
sense:
(countable) The twenty-third letter of Classical and Modern Greek and the twenty-fifth letter of Old and Ancient Greek.


lexentry: eng/psilocybin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psilocybin
trans_list: psylocybina
sense:
(biochemistry) A hallucinogenic alkaloid, C12H15N2O·H2PO3, present in several species of Central American mushroom and producing effects similar to LSD. The prodrug of psilocin.


lexentry: eng/psilosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psilosis
trans_list: utrata h
sense:
(phonology) The sound change by which Greek lost the consonant sound /h/ during antiquity, h-dropping.


lexentry: eng/psoriasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psoriasis
trans_list: łuszczyca
sense:
(disease) A noncontagious disease whose main symptom is gray or silvery flaky patches on the skin which are red and inflamed underneath when scratched.


lexentry: eng/psyched_up__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psyched up
trans_list: gotowy
sense:
(idiomatic, informal) In a state of heightened mental preparedness for a difficult or hazardous enterprise, or one where success is particularly sought.


lexentry: eng/psychedelic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychedelic
trans_list: psychodeliczny
sense:
Of, containing, generating, or reminiscent of drug-induced hallucinations, distortions of perception, altered awareness, etc.


lexentry: eng/psychedelic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychedelic
trans_list: psychodelik
sense:
Any psychoactive substance (such as LSD or psilocybin) which, when consumed, causes perceptual changes (sometimes erratic and uncontrollable), visual hallucination, and altered awareness of the body and mind.


lexentry: eng/psychedelic_rock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychedelic rock
trans_list: psychodelia | rock psychodeliczny
sense:
(music genre) A genre of rock music influenced by psychedelia, blues, jazz, folk music, electronic music and the hippie counterculture of the 1960s.


lexentry: eng/psychiatry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychiatry
trans_list: psychiatria
sense:
(medicine) The branch of medicine that focuses on mental and behavioral health by subjectively diagnosing, treating, or preventing mental disorders (mental illnesses) and behavioural conditions.


lexentry: eng/psychical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychical
trans_list: psychiczny
sense:
Performed by or pertaining to the psyche (the mind, spirit, or both): mental, psychic. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/psycho__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psycho
trans_list: psychol
sense:
(chiefly, derogatory, slang) A person who is psychotic, psychopathic, or (broadly) otherwise insane.


lexentry: eng/psychoanalysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychoanalysis
trans_list: psychoanaliza
sense:
A family of theories and methods within the field of psychotherapy that work to find connections among patients' unconscious mental processes.


lexentry: eng/psychokinesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychokinesis
trans_list: psychokineza
sense:
(parapsychology) The movement of physical systems and objects by the use of psychic power. Abbreviated as PK.


lexentry: eng/psychological__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: psychological
trans_list: psychologiczny
sense:
Relating to the mind and behavior or to the mental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics pertaining to a specified person, group, or activity.


lexentry: eng/psychological_warfare__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychological warfare
trans_list: wojna psychologiczna
sense:
(idiomatic) A mentally manipulative approach to warfare involving use of techniques to demoralize or intimidate someone into surrender.


lexentry: eng/psychology__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: psychology
trans_list: psychologia
sense:
(countable) The mental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics pertaining to a specified person, group, or activity.


lexentry: eng/psychometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychometry
trans_list: psychometria
sense:
(parapsychology) The paranormal ability to discover information about an object's past, and especially about its past owners, merely by handling it.


lexentry: eng/psychopath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychopath
trans_list: psychopata | psychopatka
sense:
A person with a personality disorder indicated by a pattern of lying, cunning, manipulating, glibness, exploiting, heedlessness, arrogance, delusions of grandeur, carelessness, low self-control, disregard for morality, lack of acceptance of responsibility, callousness, and lack of empathy and remorse. Such a person may be especially prone to violent and criminal offenses.


lexentry: eng/psychopathology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychopathology
trans_list: psychopatologia
sense:
(medicine, pathology) The study of the origin, development, diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioural disorders.


lexentry: eng/psychopathy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychopathy
trans_list: psychopatia
sense:
A personality disorder characterized by impaired empathy and remorse, and bold, disinhibited, and egocentric traits masked by superficial charm and the outward presence of apparent normality. Violent and criminal offenses may be indicative of this disorder.


lexentry: eng/psychophysics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychophysics
trans_list: psychofizyka
sense:
(psychology) The branch of psychology concerned with the effects of physical stimuli on mental processes.


lexentry: eng/psychosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychosis
trans_list: psychoza
sense:
(psychology) A severe mental disorder, sometimes with physical damage to the brain, marked by a deranged personality and a distorted view of reality.


lexentry: eng/psychotherapy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychotherapy
trans_list: psychoterapia
sense:
The treatment of people diagnosed with mental and emotional disorders using dialogue and a variety of psychological techniques.


lexentry: eng/psyllium__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: psyllium
trans_list: ziarno babki płesznika
sense:
The seed husk of such plants, especially as a commercial dietary supplement used for mucilage and as a mild laxative.


lexentry: eng/ptarmigan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ptarmigan
trans_list: pardwa
sense:
Any of three species of small grouse in the genus Lagopus found in subarctic tundra areas of North America and Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/pub__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pub
trans_list: pub | knajpa | piwiarnia | gospoda
sense:
(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) A public house where beverages, primarily alcoholic, may be bought and consumed, also providing food and sometimes entertainment such as live music or television.


lexentry: eng/public-private_partnership__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public-private partnership
trans_list: partnerstwo publiczno-prywatne
sense:
(politics, government, business) An arrangement by which one or more private firms agrees to fund, create, or operate a facility, service, or other element of public infrastructure (such as a school, hospital, or highway) which is usually the sole responsibility of government, in return for all or some of the revenue generated by that facility or service.


lexentry: eng/public__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public
trans_list: publiczny
sense:
Able to be known or seen by everyone; happening without concealment; open to general view. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/public__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: public
trans_list: publiczny
sense:
Open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it; especially, provided by national or local authorities and supported by money from taxes. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/public__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: public
trans_list: publiczny
sense:
Pertaining to the people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people; concerning the whole community or country. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/public__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: public
trans_list: publiczny
sense:
Officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community, rather than by a private organization. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/public__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public
trans_list: publika | społeczeństwo
sense:
(countable, uncountable) Chiefly preceded by the: members of the community or the people in general, regardless of membership of any particular group.


lexentry: eng/public_address_system__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public address system
trans_list: głośnik
sense:
An electronic voice-amplification apparatus, usually containing a set of two loudspeakers and a central control unit, used for singing, giving a speech, play-by-play commentary at events, or broadcasting in public areas like in airports or stations.


lexentry: eng/public_domain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public domain
trans_list: domena publiczna | własność publiczna
sense:
(specifically, law) The realm of intellectual property which is not or no longer protected by copyrights or patents, and thus over which no person can establish a proprietary interest.


lexentry: eng/public_holiday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public holiday
trans_list: święto
sense:
A national or regional holiday from work on a specific day, usually for cultural reasons or celebrations.


lexentry: eng/public_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public law
trans_list: prawo publiczne
sense:
(legal) A category of law governing the relationship between the state on the one hand and persons (citizens or legal persons including corporations) on the other. Constitutional law, administrative law and criminal law are some of the major subdivisions of public law.


lexentry: eng/public_life__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public life
trans_list: życie publiczne
sense:
The aspects of social life which occur in public, in the open, as opposed to more private social interaction within families, private clubs, etc.


lexentry: eng/public_limited_liability_company__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public limited liability company
trans_list: spółka akcyjna
sense:
A type or form of for-profit incorporated company where ownership is divided into shares that are publicly tradeable usually in a stock exchange.


lexentry: eng/public_office__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public office
trans_list: urząd
sense:
(government) A position or occupation established by law or by the act of a government body, for the purpose of exercising the authority of the government in the service of the public.


lexentry: eng/public_property__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public property
trans_list: własność publiczna
sense:
(law, property law) Property, assets or information directly owned by or under the control of the state.


lexentry: eng/public_purse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public purse
trans_list: kasa państwowa | skarb państwa
sense:
(economics, government, idiomatic) A quantity of money collected by a government through taxation and other methods, and used for public purposes; public funds, public money.


lexentry: eng/public_relations__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public relations
trans_list: PR | public relations
sense:
The professional dissemination and management of information by a person or an organization to the public with the purpose of creating a favorable public image.


lexentry: eng/public_service__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: public service
trans_list: usługa publiczna
sense:
(countable) A service such as health care, transport, or waste removal provided to the general public, often by the government.


lexentry: eng/public_service_announcement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public service announcement
trans_list: ogłoszenie społeczne
sense:
(broadcasting) An advertisement intended to serve the public interest by raising awareness of an issue, affecting public attitudes and potentially stimulating action.


lexentry: eng/public_transport__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public transport
trans_list: transport publiczny
sense:
(UK, AU, NZ) Any form of transport that can be used by a member of public (who usually pays a fare); as opposed to private ownership of e.g. cars.


lexentry: eng/publican__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: publican
trans_list: publikanin
sense:
(Ancient Rome, historical) A tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times (1st century C.E.) who was generally regarded as sinful for extorting more tax than was due, and as a traitor for serving the Roman Empire.


lexentry: eng/pudding__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pudding
trans_list: budyń
sense:
A type of dessert that has a texture similar to custard or mousse but using some kind of starch as the thickening agent.


lexentry: eng/puddle__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: puddle
trans_list: mętlik
sense:
To collect ideas, especially abstract concepts, into rough subtopics or categories, as in study, research or conversation.


lexentry: eng/puddle_jumper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puddle jumper
trans_list: awionetka
sense:
(idiomatic) A small passenger airplane, typically used for shorter connecting trips to smaller airports.


lexentry: eng/puerperium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puerperium
trans_list: połóg
sense:
(obstetrics) The period of time lasting around a month immediately following childbirth, when the mother’s uterus shrinks back to its prepartum state.


lexentry: eng/puff_pastry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puff pastry
trans_list: ciasto francuskie | ciasto listkowe
sense:
A light, flaky pastry that is made of alternating buttery and floury dough layers by repeatedly folding the rolled pastry into many layers.


lexentry: eng/puff_piece__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puff piece
trans_list: laurka
sense:
(journalism, publishing, informal) A journalistic form of puffery; an article or story of exaggerated praise that often ignores or downplays opposing viewpoints or evidence to the contrary.


lexentry: eng/puffball__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puffball
trans_list: kurzawka | purchawka
sense:
Any of various fungi that produce a cloud of brown dust-like spores from their mature fruiting bodies.


lexentry: eng/pufferfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pufferfish
trans_list: najeżka
sense:
(uncountable) The meat of these fish, a delicacy popular in Japan served raw as sushi that may, if improperly prepared, contain deadly levels of neurotoxins; (Japanese) fugu.


lexentry: eng/puffin__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: puffin
trans_list: maskonur
sense:
The Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) or (by extension) any of the other various small seabirds of the genera Fratercula and Lunda that are black and white with a brightly-coloured beak. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/pug__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pug
trans_list: mops
sense:
In full pug dog: a small dog of an ancient breed originating in China, having a snub nose, wrinkled face, squarish body, short smooth hair, and curled tail. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/pull-up__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pull-up
trans_list: podciąganie się na drążku
sense:
An exercise done for strengthening the arms and back in which one lifts one's own weight while hanging from a bar. Palms may be facing in any direction.


lexentry: eng/pull__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pull
trans_list: ciągnąć | pociągnąć
sense:
(transitive, intransitive) To apply a force to (an object) so that it comes toward the person or thing applying the force.


lexentry: eng/pull_a_fast_one__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pull a fast one
trans_list: brać na bajer | wystrychnąć na dudka | wziąć na bajer
sense:
(slang, idiomatic, often followed by on) To carry out a trick or act of deception; to behave contrary to expectations.


lexentry: eng/pull_a_sickie__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pull a sickie
trans_list: udawać chorego
sense:
(slang, UK, Australia, New Zealand) To skip work or school or avoid an obligation by pretending to be sick.


lexentry: eng/pull_oneself_together__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pull oneself together
trans_list: brać się w garść | wziąć się w garść
sense:
(idiomatic, reflexive) To become mentally focused after a period of being unfocused; to regain control of oneself


lexentry: eng/pull_out_of_one's_ass__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pull out of one's ass
trans_list: wyciągać z dupy | wyciągnąć z dupy
sense:
(idiomatic, vulgar, transitive) To fabricate (a factual-sounding claim) from no factual basis or evidence.


lexentry: eng/pull_over__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pull over
trans_list: ciągnąć
sense:
(transitive) To command or force someone to drive their vehicle to the side of the road or curb and come to a stop.


lexentry: eng/pull_someone's_leg__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pull someone's leg
trans_list: nabrać kogoś | wkręcać | wkręcić
sense:
(idiomatic) To tease someone; to lead someone on; to goad someone into overreacting. It usually implies teasing or goading by jokingly lying.


lexentry: eng/pull_strings__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pull strings
trans_list: pociągać za sznurki
sense:
(intransitive, idiomatic, often with “the” or a possessive adjective (such as “his”) before “strings”, pull one's strings) To control a person, organization, or situation by operating behind the scenes, as a puppeteer controls a marionette.


lexentry: eng/pulley__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulley
trans_list: wielokrążek
sense:
(engineering, countable) One of the simple machines; a sheave, a wheel with a grooved rim, in which a pulled rope or chain lifts an object (more useful when two or more pulleys are used together, as in a block and tackle arrangement, such that a small force moving through a greater distance can exert a larger force through a smaller distance).


lexentry: eng/pullover__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pullover
trans_list: sweter | pulower
sense:
A sweater that must be put on by pulling it over the head; a sweater without buttons or a zipper in front.


lexentry: eng/pullover__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pullover
trans_list: przenoszenie sztangielki zza głowy
sense:
(weightlifting) An exercise performed lying on the back in which the arms are extended behind the head and exertion lifts the weight above the head.


lexentry: eng/pullover__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pullover
trans_list: przenoszenie sztangielki zza głowy
sense:
(gymnastics, horizontal bar) An exercise in which the gymnast pulls up from a hang lifting the legs up and over the bar thus rolling into a support position.


lexentry: eng/pulmonary_alveolus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulmonary alveolus
trans_list: pęcherzyki płucne
sense:
(anatomy) A small air sac in the lungs, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood.


lexentry: eng/pulmonary_circulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulmonary circulation
trans_list: krwiobieg mały | krążenie płucne
sense:
(anatomy) The part of blood circulation which carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart.


lexentry: eng/pulmonary_embolism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulmonary embolism
trans_list: zatorowość płucna
sense:
(pathology) The embolism or obstruction of a pulmonary artery, usually by a detached blood clot from a leg or pelvic vein, which causes a stoppage of blood into the lungs; symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, fainting, and sometimes death.


lexentry: eng/pulmonary_emphysema__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulmonary emphysema
trans_list: rozedma
sense:
A chronic lung disease characterised by an abnormal increase in the size of the air spaces, resulting in laboured breathing and caused by exposure to toxic chemicals, most commonly tobacco smoke.


lexentry: eng/pulmonary_tuberculosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulmonary tuberculosis
trans_list: gruźlica
sense:
(pathology) The most common form of active tuberculosis (TB) infecting the lungs, generally caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


lexentry: eng/pulpit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulpit
trans_list: ambona | kazalnica
sense:
(Christianity) A raised platform in a church, usually enclosed, where the minister or preacher stands when giving the sermon.


lexentry: eng/pulse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulse
trans_list: puls | tętno
sense:
A normally regular beat felt when arteries near the skin (for example, at the neck or wrist) are depressed, caused by the heart pumping blood through them.


lexentry: eng/pulse__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pulse
trans_list: puls | tętno
sense:
(figuratively) The focus of energy or vigour of an activity, place, or thing; also, the feeling of bustle, busyness, or energy in a place; the heartbeat.


lexentry: eng/pulse_oximetry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulse oximetry
trans_list: pulsoksymetria
sense:
(medicine) A noninvasive method allowing the monitoring of the oxygenation of a patient's hemoglobin, using a sensor placed on a thin part of the patient's anatomy, usually a fingertip or earlobe.


lexentry: eng/pumice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pumice
trans_list: pumeks
sense:
A light, porous type of pyroclastic igneous rock, formed during explosive volcanic eruptions when liquid lava is ejected into water or air as a froth containing masses of gas bubbles, which are frozen into the rock as the lava solidifies.


lexentry: eng/pumice_raft__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pumice raft
trans_list: skała pumeksowa
sense:
A collection of pumice stones that form a floating island of rock and sand, as pumice is less dense than water.


lexentry: eng/pumpkin_pie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pumpkin pie
trans_list: tarta dyniowa
sense:
(cooking) A sweet pie made from the flesh of pumpkins and traditionally served as a dessert on Thanksgiving.


lexentry: eng/pun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pun
trans_list: gra słów | kalambur
sense:
A joke or type of wordplay in which similar definitions or sounds of two words or phrases, or different definitions of the same word, are deliberately confused.


lexentry: eng/punch__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punch
trans_list: dziurka | dziurkacz | otwór
sense:
(countable) A device, generally slender and round, used for creating holes in thin material, for driving an object through a hole in a containing object, or to stamp or emboss a mark or design on a surface.


lexentry: eng/punch_above_one's_weight__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punch above one's weight
trans_list: wystąpić lepiej, niż się oczekiwało | występować lepiej, niż się oczekiwało
sense:
(idiomatic) To (attempt to) achieve or perform at a higher level than would be expected based on one's preparation, attributes, rank, or past accomplishments.


lexentry: eng/punch_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punch card
trans_list: karta dziurkowana
sense:
A card that can have holes or notches cut in it, especially one for storing data, that can be sorted according to combinations of holes present or absent.


lexentry: eng/punch_line__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punch line
trans_list: puenta
sense:
The final part of a joke; the word, sentence, or exchange of sentences that is intended to be funny and provokes laughter from the listeners.


lexentry: eng/punch_line__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: punch line
trans_list: puenta
sense:
(by extension) A final, concluding statement that an explanation has been leading up to; a conclusion.


lexentry: eng/puncheon__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: puncheon
trans_list: dźwignia
sense:
A walkway or short, low footbridge over wet ground constructed with such timbers, made by laying one or more planks or dressed timbers over sills set directly on the ground; also called duck boards, bog boards, or bog bridge.


lexentry: eng/punching_bag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punching bag
trans_list: worek do bicia | worek treningowy
sense:
A tough bag, usually cylindrical, filled with air, sand, or other material, often suspended so that it swings freely, which is punched or kicked when practising sports such as boxing or martial arts.


lexentry: eng/punctuation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punctuation
trans_list: interpunkcja | przestankowanie
sense:
A set of symbols and marks which are used to clarify meaning in text by separating strings of words into clauses, phrases and sentences; examples include commas, hyphens, and stops (periods).


lexentry: eng/punctuation_mark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punctuation mark
trans_list: znak interpunkcyjny
sense:
Any of various symbols used in writing and printing to indicate pauses, divisions, etc. and to aid the reader in understanding what is written.


lexentry: eng/pundit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pundit
trans_list: ekspert
sense:
An expert in a particular field, especially as called upon to provide comment or opinion in the media; a commentator, a critic. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pundit__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pundit
trans_list: pontyfik
sense:
A learned person in India; someone with knowledge of Sanskrit, philosophy, religion and law; a Hindu scholar. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/pungent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pungent
trans_list: ostry
sense:
Having a strong taste that stings the tongue; said especially of hot (spicy) food, which has a strong and sharp or bitter taste.


lexentry: eng/punish__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punish
trans_list: karać | ukarać
sense:
(transitive) To cause (a child, student, or someone else being looked after, or a suspect or criminal) to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action, typically by an authority or a person in authority (for example: a parent, teacher, or police officer).


lexentry: eng/punishment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punishment
trans_list: karanie | kara
sense:
The act (action) or process of punishing, imposing and/or applying a sanction, typically by an authority or a person in authority (for example: a parent or teacher), especially when disappointed or dissatisfied with the behavior or actions of a child, student, or someone else being looked after.


lexentry: eng/punnet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punnet
trans_list: łubianka
sense:
(UK, Irish, Commonwealth) A small basket or receptacle for collecting and selling fruit, particularly strawberries.


lexentry: eng/pupil__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pupil
trans_list: źrenica
sense:
(anatomy) The hole in the middle of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to be focused on the retina.


lexentry: eng/puppet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puppet
trans_list: lalka | marionetka
sense:
Any small model of a person or animal able to be moved by strings or rods, or in the form of a glove.


lexentry: eng/puppet_show__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puppet show
trans_list: teatrzyk
sense:
A show, theatrical performance, in which the parts are played by puppets impersonating human or other characters


lexentry: eng/purchase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purchase
trans_list: kupno | zakup
sense:
The acquisition of title to, or property in, anything for a price; buying for money or its equivalent.


lexentry: eng/purchase_order__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purchase order
trans_list: zamówienie
sense:
(business) A commercial order issued by a buyer (purchaser) to a seller, and the document that defines it, indicating the type, quantities, and agreed prices for products or services the seller will provide to the buyer.


lexentry: eng/purchase_price__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purchase price
trans_list: cena zakupu
sense:
(management, accounting) The price at which something is actually purchased, especially from the point of view of the purchaser.


lexentry: eng/purchasing_power__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: purchasing power
trans_list: dostępny dochód | siła nabywcza
sense:
(business) The ability of a large collective or company to negotiate more favourable prices and terms than a smaller group or company.


lexentry: eng/purchasing_power_parity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purchasing power parity
trans_list: parytet siły nabywczej
sense:
(economics) A theory of long-term equilibrium exchange rates based on relative price levels of two countries.


lexentry: eng/purine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purine
trans_list: puryna
sense:
(organic compound) Any of a class of organic heterocyclic compounds, composed of fused pyrimidine and imidazole rings, that constitute one of the two groups of organic nitrogenous bases (the other being the pyrimidines) and are components of nucleic acids.


lexentry: eng/puritan__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puritan
trans_list: purytanin
sense:
(usually, derogative) Acting or behaving according to the Puritan morals (e.g. propagating modesty), especially with regard to pleasure, nudity and sex; ascetic.


lexentry: eng/puritanical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: puritanical
trans_list: ascetyczny
sense:
Precise in observance of legal or religious requirements; strict; overscrupulous; rigid (often used by way of reproach or contempt).


lexentry: eng/purl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purl
trans_list: reszka
sense:
A particular stitch in knitting in which the working yarn is pulled through an existing stitch from front to back.


lexentry: eng/purloin__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purloin
trans_list: kraść
sense:
(transitive, usually, formal, or, humorous) To take the property of another, often in breach of trust; to appropriate wrongfully; to steal.


lexentry: eng/purple__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: purple
trans_list: purpurowy | fioletowy
sense:
(US politics) Not predominantly red or blue, but having a mixture of Democrat and Republican support.


lexentry: eng/purple_heron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purple heron
trans_list: czapla purpurowa
sense:
A wading bird, Ardea purpurea, having reddish-brown plumage and found throughout southern Europe and Asia.


lexentry: eng/purple_swamphen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purple swamphen
trans_list: modrzyk
sense:
Various species in the Porphyrio genus of the Rallidae family, including Porphyrio porphyrio, Porphyrio madagascariensis, Porphyrio poliocephalus, Porphyrio indicus, Porphyrio pulverulentus, and Porphyrio melanotus.


lexentry: eng/purpura__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purpura
trans_list: plamica | purpura
sense:
(pathology) The appearance of red or purple discolorations on the skin that do not blanch when pressure is applied, caused by subdermal bleeding.


lexentry: eng/purser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purser
trans_list: ochmistrz
sense:
The person responsible for handling the accounts on a ship, or for dealing with the passengers on a ship or aircraft.


lexentry: eng/pursue__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pursue
trans_list: ścigać
sense:
(ambitransitive) To follow urgently, originally with intent to capture or harm; to chase. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/purveyor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purveyor
trans_list: dostarczyciel | dostarczycielka
sense:
(UK, historical) An officer who obtained provisions such as accommodation and food for the household of a monarch or some other high-ranking person; also, an officer in charge of obtaining provisions for an army, a city, etc.


lexentry: eng/pus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pus
trans_list: ropa
sense:
(medicine, pathology) A whitish-yellow or yellow substance composed primarily of dead white blood cells and dead pyogenic bacteria, normally found in regions of bacterial infection.


lexentry: eng/push-up__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: push-up
trans_list: pompka | pompek
sense:
An exercise done to improve upper body strength, performed by resting on one's toes and hands and pushing one's weight off the floor.


lexentry: eng/push__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: push
trans_list: pchać | pchnąć | popchnąć
sense:
(transitive, intransitive) To apply a force to (an object) such that it moves away from the person or thing applying the force.


lexentry: eng/push_the_envelope__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: push the envelope
trans_list: jechać po bandzie | pojechać po bandzie
sense:
(intransitive, idiomatic, originally, aeronautics) To go beyond established limits; to pioneer. [from mid 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/pushdown_automaton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pushdown automaton
trans_list: automat ze stosem
sense:
(computing theory) An automaton with finitely many states that can also use one unbounded stack of memory; the automaton may only push, pop, or read the top of the stack. Abbreviation: PDA.


lexentry: eng/pushover__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pushover
trans_list: popychadło
sense:
Someone who is easy to push around and to take advantage of; someone who lets themselves be picked on or bullied without defending or standing up for themselves.


lexentry: eng/pussy_magnet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pussy magnet
trans_list: coś przyciągającego kobiety
sense:
(slang, often, offensive) Something that attracts or is hoped to attract women, such as a fancy car, or a guitar which one can play.


lexentry: eng/pussywhipped__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pussywhipped
trans_list: pod pantoflem
sense:
(slang, vulgar, of a man) Submissive to or dominated by one's wife or other female partner, frequently with the connotation that this submissive behavior is for the prospect of sex.


lexentry: eng/put_aside__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: put aside
trans_list: abstrahować | odkładać | odłożyć
sense:
(transitive) To ignore or intentionally disregard (something), temporarily or permanently, so that more important things can occupy one's attention.


lexentry: eng/put_lipstick_on_a_pig__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put lipstick on a pig
trans_list: czynić coś brzydkiego pozornie pięknym | uczynić coś brzydkiego pozornie pięknym
sense:
(idiomatic) To superficially alter something in the hope of making it seem more appealing than it is in actuality.


lexentry: eng/put_one's_cards_on_the_table__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put one's cards on the table
trans_list: wykładać karty na stół | wyłożyć karty na stół
sense:
(idiomatic) To reveal one's true intentions, beliefs, feelings, or other previously concealed facts about one's situation; to speak frankly.


lexentry: eng/put_one's_foot_in_one's_mouth__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put one's foot in one's mouth
trans_list: strzelać gafę | strzelić gafę
sense:
(idiomatic) To misspeak; to say something embarrassing or wrong, or to make a mistake in public, or a social blunder, that is embarrassing or offensive.


lexentry: eng/put_one's_house_in_order__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put one's house in order
trans_list: robić porządki | zrobić porządki
sense:
(literal) To clean and arrange in an orderly manner the furnishings and other contents of one's house.


lexentry: eng/put_one's_house_in_order__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: put one's house in order
trans_list: doprowadzać sprawy do ładu | doprowadzić sprawy do ładu
sense:
(idiomatic) To organize one's financial and other affairs, especially in preparation for a life-changing event.


lexentry: eng/put_oneself_in_someone's_shoes__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put oneself in someone's shoes
trans_list: postawić się na czyimś miejscu | znaleźć się w czyjejś skórze
sense:
(figuratively) To try to look at a situation from a different point of view; as if one were the other person; to empathise.


lexentry: eng/put_option__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put option
trans_list: opcja sprzedaży
sense:
(finance) An option to sell a stated quantity of an asset or financial product, such as stock, at a stated price (the strike price), on a stated future date (or range of dates).


lexentry: eng/put_the_cart_before_the_horse__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put the cart before the horse
trans_list: postawić na głowie | stawiać na głowie coś
sense:
(idiomatic) To put things in the wrong order or with the wrong priorities; to put something inconsequential as more important than something more essential.


lexentry: eng/put_the_make_on__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put the make on
trans_list: podrywać
sense:
(informal, transitive) To pursue with romantic interest, especially in an aggressive, sexually suggestive manner.


lexentry: eng/put_to_the_test__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put to the test
trans_list: analiza
sense:
(transitive, idiomatic) To test (something or someone); to evaluate, scrutinize or explore by testing or experimentation.


lexentry: eng/put_words_in_someone's_mouth__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put words in someone's mouth
trans_list: wkładać w usta | włożyć w usta
sense:
(idiomatic) To say or imply that someone has made a statement or remark which they did not precisely or directly make.


lexentry: eng/putrefaction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: putrefaction
trans_list: gnicie
sense:
The act of causing to rot; the anaerobic splitting of proteins by bacteria and fungi with the formation of malodorous, incompletely oxidized products.


lexentry: eng/putty_knife__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: putty knife
trans_list: szpachla
sense:
A similar tool with a wide, flat blade used by painters, plasterers, and carpenters to spread putty to fill holes and cracks.


lexentry: eng/puukko__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puukko
trans_list: finka
sense:
A type of sharp, pointed knife of Nordic heritage, with a short blade and flat back; normally worn in a sheath on the waist, and used for woodcrafts or as a hunting knife.


lexentry: eng/pyaemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyaemia
trans_list: ropnica
sense:
(pathology) A type of septicemia caused usually by the presence of Staphylococcus bacteria in the bloodstream; characterised by metastatic abscesses and other symptoms associated with septicemia.


lexentry: eng/pygmy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pygmy
trans_list: Pigmej
sense:
(often, _, capitalized) A member of one of various Ancient Equatorial African tribal peoples, notable for their very short stature.


lexentry: eng/pygmy_hippopotamus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pygmy hippopotamus
trans_list: hipopotam karłowaty
sense:
A large four-toed, four-legged mammal native to western Africa of species Choeropsis liberiensis (syn. Hexaprotodon liberiensis), similar to but half the height of the common hippopotamus.


lexentry: eng/pylon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pylon
trans_list: słup wysokiego napięcia
sense:
(electricity) A tower-like structure, usually one of a series, used to support high-voltage electricity cables.


lexentry: eng/pylorus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pylorus
trans_list: odźwiernik
sense:
(anatomy, biology) In vertebrates, including humans, a zone at the lower end of the stomach that leads to and opens into the duodenum.


lexentry: eng/pyramid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyramid
trans_list: piramida | ostrosłup
sense:
An ancient massive construction with a square or rectangular base and four triangular sides meeting in an apex, such as those built as tombs in Egypt or as bases for temples in Mesoamerica.


lexentry: eng/pyramid__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pyramid
trans_list: piramida | ostrosłup
sense:
(geometry) A solid with triangular lateral faces and a polygonal (often square or rectangular) base.


lexentry: eng/pyramid_scheme__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyramid scheme
trans_list: piramida finansowa
sense:
An illicit money-making investment scheme whereby early investors are paid primarily or wholly by later investors. Eventually all such schemes fail to the detriment of recent (later) investors.


lexentry: eng/pyrargyrite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrargyrite
trans_list: pirargyryt
sense:
(mineral) A sulfosalt mineral used as a silver ore; it is dark red or black in color with a metallic adamantine luster, a sulfide of antimony and silver, Ag3SbS3, and occurs in rhombohedral crystals.


lexentry: eng/pyrex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrex
trans_list: pyrex
sense:
A kind of heat-resistant borosilicate glass, made by mixing a high concentration of boron oxides into the molten glass to reduce its thermal expansion coefficient.


lexentry: eng/pyridine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyridine
trans_list: pirydyna
sense:
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of five carbon atoms and a nitrogen atom; especially the simplest one, C5H5N.


lexentry: eng/pyridoxine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyridoxine
trans_list: adermina | pirydoksyna
sense:
(vitamin) A derivative of pyridine, 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, found in fish, liver, cereals and yeast, and essential for the metabolism of amino acids and starch.


lexentry: eng/pyrite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrite
trans_list: piryt
sense:
(mineral) The common mineral iron disulfide (FeS2), of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system.


lexentry: eng/pyrochlore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrochlore
trans_list: pirochlor
sense:
(mineral) A mineral whose composition is that of a mixed niobate mostly of sodium, calcium and cerium, (Na,Ca)2Nb2O6(OH,F).


lexentry: eng/pyroclastic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyroclastic
trans_list: piroklastyczny
sense:
(vulcanology) Mostly composed of rock fragments of volcanic origin or comminuted during an eruption.


lexentry: eng/pyroclastic_flow__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pyroclastic flow
trans_list: lawina piroklastyczna
sense:
(physics, uncountable, uncommon) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see pyroclastic,‎ flow: flow (uncountable) of pyroclastic particles.


lexentry: eng/pyrogenic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrogenic
trans_list: pirogeniczny | pirogenny
sense:
(pathology, chemistry) generating or produced by heat, especially in the body; causing or caused by fever


lexentry: eng/pyrography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrography
trans_list: pirografia
sense:
The freehanded art of decorating wood, leather or other materials with burn marks (resulting in surface burned designs) from the controlled application of a heated object or tool such as a poker.


lexentry: eng/pyroligneous_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyroligneous acid
trans_list: ocet drzewny
sense:
(carboxylic acid) A dark liquid, produced by destructive distillation of wood; containing acetic acid, methanol, oils and tars; once used as a commercial source of acetic acid.


lexentry: eng/pyrolysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrolysis
trans_list: piroliza
sense:
(physical chemistry) The decomposition of a material or compound due to heat, in the absence of oxygen or other reagents.


lexentry: eng/pyromania__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyromania
trans_list: piromania
sense:
(psychology) A compulsive disorder characterized by obsession with fire or uncontrollable urges to start fires.


lexentry: eng/pyrope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrope
trans_list: pirop
sense:
(mineral) A variety of garnet, of a poppy or blood-red color, frequently with a tinge of orange. It is used as a gemstone.


lexentry: eng/pyroxene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyroxene
trans_list: piroksen
sense:
(mineral) Any of a group of crystalline minerals containing silicates of iron, magnesium and calcium.


lexentry: eng/pyroxenite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyroxenite
trans_list: piroksenit
sense:
(geology) A heavy, dark igneous rock consisting mostly of pyroxene minerals with smaller amounts of olivine and hornblende.


lexentry: eng/pyrrole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrrole
trans_list: pirol
sense:
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of four carbon atoms and a nitrogen atom; especially the simplest one, C4H5N. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pyx__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyx
trans_list: puszka
sense:
(Roman Catholicism, also, figurative) A small, usually round container used to hold the host, especially when bringing communion to the sick or others unable to attend Mass.


lexentry: eng/qanun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: qanun
trans_list: prawo
sense:
(musical instrument) A Near Eastern and Caucasian musical instrument related to the zither, dulcimer, or harp having either 26 strings and a single bridge, or 42 strings and two bridges.


lexentry: eng/quack__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quack
trans_list: konował | znachor
sense:
(pejorative) A fraudulent healer, especially a bombastic peddler in worthless treatments, a doctor who makes false diagnoses for monetary benefit, or an untrained or poorly trained doctor who uses fraudulent credentials to attract patients [from c. 1630]


lexentry: eng/quacksalver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quacksalver
trans_list: szarlatan | szarlatanka | znachor | znachorka
sense:
(archaic) One falsely claiming to possess medical or other skills, especially one who dispenses potions, ointments, etc., supposedly having curative powers; a quack. [from c. 1570]


lexentry: eng/quad_bike__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quad bike
trans_list: quad
sense:
A small off-road four-wheeled powered vehicle, especially of a design derived from a motorcycle, usually used for recreation or farm work.


lexentry: eng/quadratic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quadratic
trans_list: kwadratowy
sense:
(mathematics) Of a polynomial, equation or function, second-degree: involving the second power (square) of a variable but no higher powers, as ax^2 + bx + c.


lexentry: eng/quadratic_equation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadratic equation
trans_list: równanie kwadratowe
sense:
(algebra) A polynomial equation of the second degree; an equation that can be rearranged in standard form as ax^2 + bx + c = 0, where x is an unknown value, a, b, and c are known numbers, and where a does not equal zero.


lexentry: eng/quadratic_formula__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadratic formula
trans_list: funkcja kwadratowa
sense:
(mathematics) The formula x = \frac {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} for finding roots of the quadratic equation.


lexentry: eng/quadrature_amplitude_modulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadrature amplitude modulation
trans_list: kwadraturowa modulacja amplitudowo-fazowa | modulacja QAM
sense:
(radio) A modulation scheme that conveys data by applying amplitude modulation to two carrier waves at once. These two waves, usually sinusoids, are out of phase with each other by 90° and are thus called quadrature carriers. Commonly abbreviated QAM.


lexentry: eng/quadriceps_femoris__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadriceps femoris
trans_list: mięsień czworogłowy uda
sense:
(anatomy) A group of four thigh muscles, including the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis muscles.


lexentry: eng/quadriga__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quadriga
trans_list: kwadryga
sense:
(historical) A team of four horses, or sometimes other animals, especially as used in chariot racing.


lexentry: eng/quadrille__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadrille
trans_list: kadryl
sense:
(dance) A dance originating in the mid-1700s with four couples forming a square, rather much like the modern square dance.


lexentry: eng/quadrillion__Numeral__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadrillion
trans_list: biliard
sense:
(US, modern British and Australian, short scale) A thousand trillion (logic: 1,000 × 1,0004): 1 followed by fifteen zeros, 1015.


lexentry: eng/quadrillion__Numeral__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quadrillion
trans_list: kwadrylion
sense:
(dated, UK, Australia, long scale) A million trillion (logic: 1,000,0004): 1 followed by twenty-four zeros, 1024.


lexentry: eng/quadrivium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadrivium
trans_list: quadrivium | kwadrywium
sense:
(education, historical) The higher division of the seven liberal arts in the Middle Ages, composed of geometry, astronomy, arithmetic, and music.


lexentry: eng/quadruplet__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quadruplet
trans_list: czworaczek
sense:
One of a group of four, particularly one of four babies born from the same mother during the same birth.


lexentry: eng/quaff__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quaff
trans_list: napić się
sense:
To drink or imbibe with vigour or relish; to drink copiously; to swallow in large draughts. [from mid-16th c.]


lexentry: eng/quagga__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quagga
trans_list: kwagga | kwaga
sense:
A southern-African subspecies of plains zebra, Equus quagga quagga, which went extinct in 1883. The upper parts of the animal were reddish brown, becoming paler behind and beneath, while the face, neck, and fore part of the body were marked by dark stripes.


lexentry: eng/quail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quail
trans_list: przepiórka
sense:
Any of various small game birds of the genera Coturnix, Anurophasis or Perdicula in the Old World family Phasianidae or of the New World family Odontophoridae.


lexentry: eng/quaking_grass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quaking grass
trans_list: drżączka
sense:
Any of the genus Briza of annual and perennial grasses, whose flowers and seedheads shake on their stalks in the slightest breeze.


lexentry: eng/qualification__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: qualification
trans_list: kwalifikacja
sense:
An ability or attribute that aids someone's chances of qualifying for something; specifically, completed professional training. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/qualifier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: qualifier
trans_list: kwalifikator
sense:
One who qualifies for something, especially a contestant who qualifies for a stage in a competition.


lexentry: eng/qualifier__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: qualifier
trans_list: kwalifikator
sense:
(grammar) A word or phrase, such as an adjective or adverb, that describes or characterizes another word or phrase, such as a noun or verb; one that adds or subtracts attributes to another.


lexentry: eng/quality__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quality
trans_list: jakość
sense:
(occasionally, proscribed) (attributive) Being of good worth, well made, fit for purpose; of high quality.


lexentry: eng/quality__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: quality
trans_list: jakość
sense:
(uncountable) The degree to which a man-made object or system is free from faults and flaws, as opposed to scope of functions or quantity of items.


lexentry: eng/quality_control__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quality control
trans_list: kontrola jakości
sense:
A control, such as inspection or testing, introduced into an industrial or business process to ensure quality.


lexentry: eng/qualm__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: qualm
trans_list: skrupuł
sense:
(now, negative polarity) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/quandary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quandary
trans_list: niezdecydowanie
sense:
A state of not knowing what to decide; a state of difficulty or perplexity; a state of uncertainty, hesitation or puzzlement.


lexentry: eng/quantifier__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quantifier
trans_list: kwantyfikator
sense:
(logic) An operator, such as the universal quantifier (written as ∀) or the existential quantifier (∃), used in predicate calculus to indicate the degree that predicate is true for a specified set.


lexentry: eng/quantify__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: quantify
trans_list: określać ilościowo | określić ilościowo
sense:
(logic) To relate a statement (called a predicate) to a given set using a quantifier—either for all (denoted ∀) or there exists (denoted ∃).


lexentry: eng/quantile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantile
trans_list: kwantyl
sense:
(statistics) One of the class of values of a variate which divides the members of a batch or sample into equal-sized subgroups of adjacent values or a probability distribution into distributions of equal probability.


lexentry: eng/quantitative_easing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantitative easing
trans_list: luzowanie ilościowe
sense:
(economics) A monetary policy in which the central bank increases the money supply in the banking system, as by purchasing bonds from banks.


lexentry: eng/quantity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantity
trans_list: ilość | wielkość
sense:
A fundamental, generic term used when referring to the measurement (count, amount) of a scalar, vector, number of items or to some other way of denominating the value of a collection or group of items.


lexentry: eng/quantum__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: quantum
trans_list: kwant | ilość
sense:
(physics) The smallest possible, and therefore indivisible, unit of a given quantity or quantifiable phenomenon. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/quantum_chromodynamics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantum chromodynamics
trans_list: chromodynamika kwantowa
sense:
(quantum mechanics) A quantum field theory in particle physics which describes the strong interaction of quarks and gluons employing the concept of color charge.


lexentry: eng/quantum_computer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantum computer
trans_list: komputer kwantowy
sense:
(quantum computing) A computer that exploits quantum mechanical phenomena to transcend classical time complexity limitations.


lexentry: eng/quantum_electrodynamics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantum electrodynamics
trans_list: elektrodynamika kwantowa
sense:
(physics) The study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with electrically charged matter within the framework of relativity and quantum mechanics.


lexentry: eng/quantum_entanglement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantum entanglement
trans_list: splątanie kwantowe | stan splątany
sense:
(quantum mechanics) A quantum mechanical phenomenon in which the quantum states of two or more objects have to be described with reference to each other, even though the individual objects are spatially separated.


lexentry: eng/quantum_field_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantum field theory
trans_list: kwantowa teoria pola
sense:
(quantum mechanics) A theory of quantum fields; the result of applying second quantization to Classical Relativistic Field Theory.


lexentry: eng/quantum_foam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantum foam
trans_list: piana kwantowa
sense:
(physics) Spacetime viewed on a quantum level, i.e. as a "foam" of randomly appearing and disappearing Planck-scale wormholes (black holes and white holes).


lexentry: eng/quantum_gravity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantum gravity
trans_list: grawitacja kwantowa
sense:
(quantum physics) A branch of theoretical physics aiming to unite quantum mechanics with general relativity.


lexentry: eng/quantum_logic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantum logic
trans_list: logika kwantowa
sense:
(logic, quantum mechanics) A form of non-classical logic which has been abstracted out of quantum mechanics.


lexentry: eng/quantum_mechanics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantum mechanics
trans_list: mechanika kwantowa
sense:
(physics) The branch of physics which studies matter and energy at the level of atoms and other elementary particles, and substitutes probabilistic mechanisms in place of classical Newtonian ones.


lexentry: eng/quantum_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantum number
trans_list: liczba kwantowa
sense:
(quantum mechanics) One of certain integers or half-integers that specify the state of a quantum mechanical system (such as an electron in an atom).


lexentry: eng/quantum_well__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantum well
trans_list: studnia kwantowa
sense:
(quantum mechanics) a potential well that confines particles in one dimension, forcing them to occupy a planar region


lexentry: eng/quarantine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quarantine
trans_list: kwarantanna
sense:
(historical) A 40-day period formerly imposed by the French king upon warring nobles during which they were forbidden from exacting revenge or continuing to fight.


lexentry: eng/quarantine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quarantine
trans_list: kwarantanna
sense:
A period, instance, or state of isolation from the general public or from native livestock and flora enacted to prevent the spread of any contagious disease.


lexentry: eng/quarantine__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: quarantine
trans_list: kwarantanna
sense:
(figurative) A similar period, instance, or state of rigidly enforced or self-enforced detention or isolation.


lexentry: eng/quarantine__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: quarantine
trans_list: kwarantanna
sense:
(politics, figurative) A blockade of trade, suspension of diplomatic relations, or other action whereby one country seeks to isolate another.


lexentry: eng/quarantine__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quarantine
trans_list: poddać kwarantannie
sense:
(intransitive) To enter or stay in quarantine, particularly to self-quarantine to avoid an epidemic disease.


lexentry: eng/quark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quark
trans_list: kwark
sense:
(particle) In the Standard Model, one of a number of elementary subatomic particles having fractional electric charge that forms matter. They are theorized not to exist in isolation, but only in combinations in hadrons such as neutrons and protons or in quark–gluon plasmas.


lexentry: eng/quark__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quark
trans_list: twaróg | biały ser | ser biały
sense:
A soft, creamy, unripened cheese made from cow's milk, originating from and eaten throughout central, northern, eastern, and southeastern Europe, as well as the Low Countries.


lexentry: eng/quarrel__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quarrel
trans_list: bełt
sense:
(countable, archery, historical) An arrow or bolt for a crossbow or an arbalest, traditionally with the head square in its cross section.


lexentry: eng/quart__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quart
trans_list: kwarta
sense:
A unit of liquid capacity equal to two pints; one-fourth (quarter) of a gallon. Equivalent to 1.136 liters in the UK and 0.946 liter (liquid quart) or 1.101 liters (dry quart) in the U.S.


lexentry: eng/quarter-day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quarter-day
trans_list: dzień kwartalny | suchy dzień
sense:
(British) Each of the four days customarily regarded as starting a new quarter year, on which rents etc are often due.


lexentry: eng/quarter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quarter
trans_list: ćwierćdolarówka
sense:
(North America) A quarter-dollar, divided into 25 cents; the coin of that value minted in the United States or Canada. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/quarter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quarter
trans_list: kwartał | ćwierć
sense:
(historical) A measure of length; originally a fourth part of an ell, now chiefly a fourth part of a yard. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/quarter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quarter
trans_list: kwartał
sense:
(now, historical) A fourth part of the night; one of the watches or divisions of the night. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/quarter__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quarter
trans_list: dzielnica
sense:
A division or section of a town or city, especially having a particular character of its own, or associated with a particular group etc. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/quarter_day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quarter day
trans_list: dzień kwartalny | suchy dzień
sense:
Each of the four days customarily regarded as starting a new quarter year, formerly established as a time for rents and other payments to be due, tenancies to begin and end, and various meetings and assemblies to be held. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/quarterfinal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quarterfinal
trans_list: ćwierćfinał
sense:
(sports) One of the four competitions in a knockout tournament whose winners go on to play in the two semifinals.


lexentry: eng/quartermaster__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quartermaster
trans_list: kwatermistrz
sense:
(military rank) An officer whose duty is to provide quarters, provisions, storage, clothing, fuel, stationery, and transportation for a regiment or other body of troops, and superintend the supplies. Master of quartering.


lexentry: eng/quarterstaff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quarterstaff
trans_list: drąg
sense:
A wooden staff with an approximate length between 2 and 2.5 meters, sometimes tipped with iron, used as a weapon in rural England during the Early Modern period.


lexentry: eng/quartz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quartz
trans_list: kwarc
sense:
(mineral) The most abundant mineral on the earth's surface, of chemical composition silicon dioxide, SiO2. It occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous. Found in every environment.


lexentry: eng/quasar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quasar
trans_list: kwazar
sense:
(galaxy) An extragalactic object, starlike in appearance, that is among the most luminous and (putatively) the most distant objects in the universe.


lexentry: eng/quasiparticle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quasiparticle
trans_list: kwazicząstka
sense:
(particle) Any entity that has some characteristics of a distinct particle, but comprises a grouping of multiple particles


lexentry: eng/quaternion__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: quaternion
trans_list: kwaternion
sense:
(mathematics) A type of four-dimensional hypercomplex number consisting of a real part and three imaginary parts (real multiples of distinct, independent square roots of −1 denoted by i, j and k); commonly used in vector mathematics and as an alternative to matrix algebra in calculating the rotation of three-dimensional objects.


lexentry: eng/quay__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quay
trans_list: nabrzeże | molo
sense:
(nautical) A stone or concrete structure on navigable water used for loading and unloading vessels; a wharf.


lexentry: eng/qubit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: qubit
trans_list: kubit
sense:
(quantum computing) A quantum bit; the basic unit of quantum information described by a superposition of two states; a quantum bit in a quantum computer capable of being in a state of superposition.


lexentry: eng/queen__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: queen
trans_list: królowa | dama | krala | hetman
sense:
(cards) A playing card with a depiction of a queen on it, generally ranking next below the king and above the jack in a given suit.


lexentry: eng/queen__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: queen
trans_list: królowa | hetman | dama | królówka
sense:
(chess) A chess piece that, under contemporary rules, is the most powerful, able to move any number of spaces horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.


lexentry: eng/queen_angelfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: queen angelfish
trans_list: chetonik królewski | nefrytek królewski | szczecioząb królewski
sense:
A benthic warm-water marine angelfish of species Holacanthus ciliaris, found around coral reefs of the western Atlantic Ocean, and having blue and yellow coloration and a distinctive spot or "crown" on its forehead.


lexentry: eng/queen_mother__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: queen mother
trans_list: królowa matka
sense:
A widowed queen consort (a queen dowager) whose son or daughter from that marriage is the reigning monarch.


lexentry: eng/queer__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: queer
trans_list: queerowy
sense:
(colloquial, sometimes, pejorative) Non-heterosexual or non-cisgender: homosexual, bisexual, asexual, transgender, etc.


lexentry: eng/queer__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: queer
trans_list: queerowy
sense:
(broadly) Pertaining to sexual or gender behaviour or identity which does not conform to conventional heterosexual or cisgender norms, assumptions etc. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/queerplatonic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: queerplatonic
trans_list: [[homoseksualista|homoseksualisto-]]platoniczny
sense:
(neologism, of a relationship) Not romantic and (usually) not sexual, but sharing a stronger emotional bond than typical in a friendship.


lexentry: eng/quenching__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quenching
trans_list: hartowanie
sense:
(metallurgy) The rapid cooling of a hot metal object, by placing it in a liquid, in order to harden it.


lexentry: eng/query_language__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: query language
trans_list: język zapytań
sense:
(databases, programming) Any of several generalized computer languages in which users may extract data from selected records in a database


lexentry: eng/quesadilla__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quesadilla
trans_list: quesadilla
sense:
A Mexican dish made by filling a tortilla with cheese and sometimes other ingredients and then cooking it until the cheese is melted.


lexentry: eng/question__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: question
trans_list: pytanie
sense:
A worded or expressed sentence, phrase, or only a word on its own, which asks for information, a reply, or a response; an interrogative.


lexentry: eng/question_mark__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: question mark
trans_list: znak zapytania | pytajnik
sense:
Polygonia interrogationis, a North American nymphalid butterfly with a silver mark on the underside of its hindwing resembling a question mark (sense 1).


lexentry: eng/quetzal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quetzal
trans_list: kwezal | quetzal
sense:
Any trogon of the genus Pharomacrus, especially a resplendent quetzal (Pharomacrus mocinno), which has very long tail feathers and is found in Guatemala and Costa Rica.


lexentry: eng/queue__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: queue
trans_list: kolejka
sense:
(computing) A data structure in which objects are added to one end, called the tail, and removed from the other, called the head (in the case of a FIFO queue). The term can also refer to a LIFO queue or stack where these ends coincide. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/quiche__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quiche
trans_list: kisz
sense:
A pie made primarily of egg and cream, perhaps mixed with chopped meat or vegetables, in a pastry crust.


lexentry: eng/quick-and-dirty__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quick-and-dirty
trans_list: zgrubna | zgrubny
sense:
(idiomatic) Done or constructed in a hasty, approximate, temporarily adequate manner, but not exact, fully formed, or reliable for a long period of time.


lexentry: eng/quick_match__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quick match
trans_list: lont
sense:
A pyrotechnic fuse consisting of a cotton string, coated with black powder, confined in a paper tube.


lexentry: eng/quicklime__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quicklime
trans_list: wapno | wapno niegaszone
sense:
Calcium oxide, which is produced by heating (calcining) limestone and gives slaked lime on treatment with water.


lexentry: eng/quill__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: quill
trans_list: pióro | gęsie pióro
sense:
Something having the form of a quill, such as the fold or plain of a ruff, or (weaving) a spindle, or spool, upon which the thread for the woof is wound in a shuttle.


lexentry: eng/quillback__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quillback
trans_list: kołdra
sense:
Carpiodes cyprinus, a freshwater fish of the sucker family with a long filament that extends back from the dorsal fin, native to the eastern and central United States.


lexentry: eng/quillon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quillon
trans_list: jelec
sense:
Synonym of crossguard (“a metal bar fixed between, and at right angles to, the blade and the handle of a sword or other bladed weapon that stops an opponent's similar weapon from sliding along the blade and injuring the hand of the person wielding the sword”).


lexentry: eng/quillwort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quillwort
trans_list: porybliny
sense:
Any of various simple microphyllous vascular plants, of the family Isoetaceae, that resemble rushes and produce spores.


lexentry: eng/quilt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quilt
trans_list: kołdra
sense:
A bed covering consisting of two layers of fabric stitched together, with insulation between, often having a decorative design.


lexentry: eng/quinceañera__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quinceañera
trans_list: quinceañera
sense:
(chiefly, US) The fifteenth birthday and particularly the celebration and ceremony surrounding it for a young Latina woman.


lexentry: eng/quincunx__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quincunx
trans_list: kwinkunks
sense:
An arrangement of five units with four forming the corners of a square and the fifth at the centre of the square, a pattern corresponding to the five-spot on dice, playing cards, or dominoes.


lexentry: eng/quinine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quinine
trans_list: chinina
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) An alkaloid with the chemical formula C20H24N2O2, originally derived from cinchona bark (from plants of the genus Cinchona), used to treat malaria and as an ingredient of tonic water, which presents as a bitter colourless powder; also, a drug containing quinine or a chemical compound derived from it. [from early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/quinoline__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quinoline
trans_list: chinolina
sense:
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a benzene ring fused with a pyridine ring; especially the simplest such compound, C9H7N.


lexentry: eng/quinone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quinone
trans_list: chinon
sense:
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic compounds having two carbonyl functional groups in the same six-membered ring.


lexentry: eng/quintessence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quintessence
trans_list: kwintesencja
sense:
A thing that is the most perfect example of its type; the most perfect embodiment of something; epitome, prototype.


lexentry: eng/quintet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quintet
trans_list: kwintet
sense:
(music) A composition (a type of chamber music) in five parts (typically each a singer or instrumentalist, sometimes several musicians)


lexentry: eng/quintillion__Numeral__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quintillion
trans_list: trylion
sense:
(US, modern British and Australian, short scale) A billion billion: 1 followed by eighteen zeros, 1018.


lexentry: eng/quire__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quire
trans_list: książka
sense:
One-twentieth of a ream of paper; a collection of twenty-four or twenty-five sheets of paper of the same size and quality, unfolded or having a single fold.


lexentry: eng/quire__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quire
trans_list: 3:samochód
sense:
(bookbinding) A set of leaves which are stitched together, originally a set of four pieces of paper (eight leaves, sixteen pages). This is most often a single signature (i.e. group of four), but may be several nested signatures.


lexentry: eng/quirk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quirk
trans_list: dziwactwo
sense:
An idiosyncrasy; a slight glitch, a mannerism; something unusual about the manner or style of something or someone.


lexentry: eng/quit__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quit
trans_list: zostawić
sense:
(transitive) To set at rest; to free, as from anything harmful or oppressive; to relieve; to clear; to liberate.


lexentry: eng/quiver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quiver
trans_list: kołczan | drżenie
sense:
(weaponry) A container for arrows, crossbow bolts or darts, such as those fired from a bow, crossbow or blowgun.


lexentry: eng/quixotic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quixotic
trans_list: donkiszocki | donkiszotowski
sense:
Resembling or characteristic of the Spanish chivalric hero Don Quixote; possessed with or resulting from the desire to do noble and romantic deeds, without thought of realism and practicality.


lexentry: eng/quixotism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quixotism
trans_list: donkiszoteria | donkiszotyzm
sense:
A form of idealism and delusion which leads to extravagant and absurd undertakings or sacrifices in obedience to a morbidly romantic ideal of duty or honor, as illustrated by the exploits of Don Quixote in knight-errantry.


lexentry: eng/quiz__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: quiz
trans_list: kartkówka
sense:
(education) A school examination of less importance, or of greater brevity, than others given in the same course.


lexentry: eng/quoll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quoll
trans_list: niełaz
sense:
Any of the various carnivorous marsupials of the genus Dasyurus found in Australia and New Guinea, roughly the size of a cat.


lexentry: eng/quorum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quorum
trans_list: kworum | quorum
sense:
The minimum number of members required for a group to officially conduct business and to cast votes, often but not necessarily a majority or supermajority.


lexentry: eng/quotation_marks__Noun__1
written_rep: quotation marks
trans_list: cudzysłów
sense:
Note: These languages use “◌”-style marks or other styles as indicated. Some are singular and some plural.


lexentry: eng/quote_unquote__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quote unquote
trans_list: w cudzysłowie
sense:
(idiomatic) Emphasizes the following (or sometimes preceding) word or phrase for irony, or marks it as not the normal sense of the term. Used almost exclusively in spoken language. In written language, quotation marks would be used instead.


lexentry: eng/quotidian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quotidian
trans_list: codzienny | potoczny | powszedni
sense:
Having the characteristics of something which can be seen, experienced, etc, every day or very commonly. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/quotient__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quotient
trans_list: iloraz
sense:
(arithmetic) The number (either a fraction or an integer) resulting from the division of one number by another.


lexentry: eng/quotient__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quotient
trans_list: iloraz
sense:
(mathematics) By analogy, the result of any process that is the inverse of multiplication as defined for any mathematical entities other than numbers.


lexentry: eng/rabbet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rabbet
trans_list: rowek | wpust | wręg
sense:
A longitudinal channel, groove, or recess cut out of the edge or face of a plank of wood or other material; especially, one intended to fit another member to form a joint.


lexentry: eng/rabbit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rabbit
trans_list: królik | trusia | król | truś
sense:
A mammal of most genera of the family Leporidae, with long ears, long hind legs and a short, fluffy tail.


lexentry: eng/rabbit__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: rabbit
trans_list: zając
sense:
A runner in a distance race whose goal is mainly to set the pace, either to tire a specific rival so that a teammate can win or to help another break a record; a pacesetter.


lexentry: eng/rabbit_hole__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: rabbit hole
trans_list: królicza nora
sense:
(by extension) A time-consuming tangent or detour, often one from which it is difficult to extricate oneself.


lexentry: eng/rabbit_hole__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: rabbit hole
trans_list: królicza nora
sense:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see rabbit,‎ hole. The entrance to a rabbit warren or burrow; the whole warren or burrow.


lexentry: eng/rabble_rouser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rabble rouser
trans_list: podżegacz
sense:
(idiomatic) Someone or something that tends to inspire mobs; something controversial or provocative.


lexentry: eng/rabies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rabies
trans_list: wścieklizna
sense:
(disease) An infectious disease caused by species of Lyssavirus that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals and people, characterised by abnormal behaviour such as biting, excitement, aggressiveness, and dementia, followed by paralysis and death.


lexentry: eng/raccoon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: raccoon
trans_list: szop
sense:
An omnivorous, nocturnal mammal native to the Americas, of the genus Procyon, typically with a mixture of gray, brown, and black fur, a mask-like marking around the eyes and a striped tail.


lexentry: eng/raccoon_dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: raccoon dog
trans_list: jenot
sense:
A canid of the genus Nyctereutes, native to East Asia and widely introduced elsewhere in other cool parts of Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/race__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: race
trans_list: wyścig | gonitwa
sense:
A contest between people, animals, vehicles, etc. where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective.


lexentry: eng/race__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: race
trans_list: bieżnia
sense:
(engineering) A ring with a groove in which rolling elements (such as balls) ride, forming part of a rolling-element bearing (for example, a ball bearing).


lexentry: eng/race__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: race
trans_list: rasa
sense:
A group of sentient beings, particularly people, distinguished by common ancestry, heritage or characteristics (see Wikipedia's article on historical definitions of race):


lexentry: eng/race__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: race
trans_list: rasa
sense:
A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of common physical characteristics, such as skin color or hair type.


lexentry: eng/race__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: race
trans_list: rasa
sense:
A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of shared characteristics or qualities, for example social qualities.


lexentry: eng/race__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: race
trans_list: rasa
sense:
(biology) A population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics; a mating group.


lexentry: eng/raceme__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: raceme
trans_list: kiść
sense:
(botany) An indeterminate inflorescence in which the flowers are arranged along a single central axis.


lexentry: eng/racewalking__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: racewalking
trans_list: chodziarstwo | chód sportowy
sense:
(sports) A sport in which people try to walk as fast as possible, subject to the constraint that at least one foot must be on the ground at all time (or else they would be running).


lexentry: eng/racism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: racism
trans_list: rasizm
sense:
Prejudice or discrimination based upon race or ethnicity; (countable) an action of such discrimination.


lexentry: eng/racist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: racist
trans_list: rasista | rasistka
sense:
A person who believes in or supports racism; a person who believes that a particular race is superior to others, or who discriminates against other races.


lexentry: eng/rack_and_pinion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rack and pinion
trans_list: zębatka
sense:
A pair of gears, consisting of a circular pinion that engages with the teeth of a flat bar, that converts rotational into linear motion; used in the steering mechanism of cars, and in some railways.


lexentry: eng/racket__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: racket
trans_list: rakieta
sense:
(countable, sports) An implement with a handle connected to a round frame strung with wire, sinew, or plastic cords, and used to hit a ball, such as in tennis or a shuttlecock in badminton.


lexentry: eng/racketeer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: racketeer
trans_list: bandyta
sense:
One who commits crimes (especially fraud, bribery, loansharking, extortion etc.) to aid in running a shady or illegal business.


lexentry: eng/radar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radar
trans_list: radar | radiolokator
sense:
(uncountable) A method of detecting distant objects and determining their position, velocity, or other characteristics by analysis of sent radio waves (usually microwaves) reflected from their surfaces.


lexentry: eng/radial_engine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radial engine
trans_list: silnik gwiazdowy
sense:
Any of several internal combustion engines that have the cylinders arranged radially around a central crankshaft


lexentry: eng/radian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radian
trans_list: radian
sense:
(geometry) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of plane angle: the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc of its circumference equal in length to the radius of the circle. Symbol: rad.


lexentry: eng/radiance__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: radiance
trans_list: radiancja
sense:
(physics) The flux of radiation emitted per unit solid angle in a given direction by a unit area of a source.


lexentry: eng/radiation_sickness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radiation sickness
trans_list: choroba popromienna
sense:
(medicine, pathology) Any illness produced by ionizing radiation with symptoms ranging from nausea to death.


lexentry: eng/radiator__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: radiator
trans_list: radiator
sense:
(automotive) A device that lowers engine coolant temperature by conducting heat to the air, through metal fins.


lexentry: eng/radical__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: radical
trans_list: klucz | pierwiastek | radykał
sense:
(linguistics) In logographic writing systems such as the Chinese writing system, the portion of a character (if any) that provides an indication of its meaning, as opposed to phonetic.


lexentry: eng/radical__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: radical
trans_list: radykał
sense:
(algebra, commutative algebra, ring theory, of an ideal) Given an ideal I in a commutative ring R, another ideal, denoted Rad(I) or \sqrt{I}, such that an element x ∈ R is in Rad(I) if, for some positive integer n, xn ∈ I; equivalently, the intersection of all prime ideals containing I.


lexentry: eng/radio__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radio
trans_list: radio
sense:
(uncountable) The technology that allows for the transmission of sound or other signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves.


lexentry: eng/radio__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: radio
trans_list: radio | radioodbiornik
sense:
(countable) A device that can capture (receive) the signal sent over radio waves and render the modulated signal as sound.


lexentry: eng/radio_astronomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radio astronomy
trans_list: radioastronomia
sense:
The branch of astronomy which studies celestial bodies and occurrences at radio frequencies by means of radio telescopes.


lexentry: eng/radio_beacon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radio beacon
trans_list: radiolatarnia
sense:
(communication, aviation, nautical, navigation) A beacon that emits radio wave signals to guide ships or aircraft or to indicate the position of a ship, aircraft, or other object, person, or vehicle.


lexentry: eng/radio_drama__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radio drama
trans_list: dźwiękowisko | radiosłuchowisko | słuchowisko
sense:
Dramatized, purely acoustic performance, broadcast on radio or published on audio media, such as tape or CD.


lexentry: eng/radio_silence__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: radio silence
trans_list: cisza radiowa
sense:
(figurative) A period of time during which nothing is heard from a person or organization, especially when such communication would normally be expected.


lexentry: eng/radio_station__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radio station
trans_list: radiostacja
sense:
An installation of a radio transmitter, and possibly a receiver, for the purpose of broadcasting or communication.


lexentry: eng/radio_telescope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radio telescope
trans_list: radioteleskop
sense:
(astronomy) A device for observing astronomical sources of radio waves, normally having one or more large parabolic dishes.


lexentry: eng/radio_wave__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radio wave
trans_list: fala radiowa
sense:
(physics) electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between about .5 centimeters and 30,000 meters; used for the broadcasting of radio and television signals.


lexentry: eng/radioactive_dating__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radioactive dating
trans_list: datowanie izotopowe | datowanie promieniotwórcze | radiochronologia | radiodatowanie
sense:
The process of determining the age of a material by estimating the amount of radioactive decay of one or more radioisotopes present in the material when it was formed.


lexentry: eng/radioactive_decay__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radioactive decay
trans_list: rozpad jądrowy
sense:
(nuclear physics) Any of several processes by which unstable nuclei emit subatomic particles and/or ionizing radiation and disintegrate into one or more other nuclei.


lexentry: eng/radioactivity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radioactivity
trans_list: radioaktywność | promieniotwórczość
sense:
Spontaneous emission of ionizing radiation as a consequence of a nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus.


lexentry: eng/radioactivity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: radioactivity
trans_list: radioaktywność | promieniotwórczość
sense:
The radiation so emitted; including gamma rays, alpha particles, neutrons, electrons, positrons, etc.


lexentry: eng/radiocarbon_dating__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radiocarbon dating
trans_list: datowanie radiowęglowe
sense:
(physics, archaeology, paleontology) A method of estimating the age of an artifact or biological vestige based on the relative amounts of the different isotopes of carbon present in a sample.


lexentry: eng/radiogram__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radiogram
trans_list: radiogram
sense:
(telegraphy, historical) Synonym of radiotelegram (“a message, like a telegram, transmitted by wireless telegraphy”).


lexentry: eng/radiograph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radiograph
trans_list: radiogram
sense:
An image, often a photographic negative, produced by radiation other than visible light; especially an X-ray photograph.


lexentry: eng/radiology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radiology
trans_list: radiologia
sense:
(medicine) The specialty of medical imaging and its interpretation, originally and especially radiography#Noun but now including all imaging modalities, including ones that use no radiation#Noun (such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging).


lexentry: eng/radish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radish
trans_list: rzodkiewka | rzodkiew
sense:
A plant of the Brassicaceae family, Raphanus sativus or Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, having an edible root.


lexentry: eng/radium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radium
trans_list: rad
sense:
The chemical element (symbol Ra) with an atomic number of 88. It is a soft, shiny and silvery radioactive alkaline earth metal.


lexentry: eng/radix__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: radix
trans_list: podstawa
sense:
(mathematics) The number of distinct symbols used to represent numbers in a particular base, as ten for decimal.


lexentry: eng/radix_complement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radix complement
trans_list: kod uzupełnień
sense:
The number which, added to the given n-digit number in radix r, results in r^n. In binary (r=2), this is the two's complement.


lexentry: eng/radix_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radix point
trans_list: znak oddzielający część całkowitą od części ułamkowej
sense:
(mathematics) The character used to separate the integer and fractional part of a number in a digital representation of a number, regardless of the base used.


lexentry: eng/radon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: radon
trans_list: radon
sense:
The chemical element (symbol Rn, formerly Ro) with atomic number 86. It is an odorless, colorless, chemically inert but radioactive noble gas.


lexentry: eng/raffinose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: raffinose
trans_list: rafinoza
sense:
(carbohydrate) A trisaccharide, composed of galactose, glucose and fructose, that is widely distributed in many plants.


lexentry: eng/rafflesia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rafflesia
trans_list: bukietnica
sense:
(botany) Any of several large parasitic plants, of the genus Rafflesia, from South East Asia, that have no roots, stems or leaves; Rafflesia arnoldii has the largest known flower with a diameter of over a yard.


lexentry: eng/raft__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: raft
trans_list: tratwa
sense:
A flat-bottomed craft able to float and drift on water, used for transport or as a waterborne platform.


lexentry: eng/rafter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rafter
trans_list: krokiew
sense:
(architecture) One of a series of sloped beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the downslope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads.


lexentry: eng/rafting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rafting
trans_list: rafting | spływ rzeczny
sense:
The sport of guiding a raft while descending a river, especially through rapids known as white water rafting.


lexentry: eng/rag__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: rag
trans_list: szmata | łachman | ścierka | łach
sense:
A piece of old cloth, especially one used for cleaning, patching, etc.; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred or tatter.


lexentry: eng/rag__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: rag
trans_list: szmatławiec
sense:
(slang, pejorative) A newspaper or magazine, especially one whose journalism is considered to be of poor quality.


lexentry: eng/ragdoll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ragdoll
trans_list: ragdoll
sense:
A modern American breed of domestic cat with a longhair colourpoint coat that relaxes completely when picked up.


lexentry: eng/ragman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ragman
trans_list: gałganiarka | gałganiarz | szmaciara | szmaciarka | szmaciarz
sense:
A person who collects and sells unwanted household items such as rags and other refuse for a living, a rag and bone man.


lexentry: eng/ragpicker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ragpicker
trans_list: gałganiarka | gałganiarz | szmaciara | szmaciarka | szmaciarz
sense:
A person who collects and sells unwanted household items such as rags and other refuse for a living, a rag and bone man (UK) or ragman (US).


lexentry: eng/ragtime__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ragtime
trans_list: ragtime
sense:
(music genre, uncountable) A musical form having a rhythm characterized by strong syncopation in the melody with a regularly accented accompaniment.


lexentry: eng/ragweed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ragweed
trans_list: ambrozja
sense:
A plant of the genus Ambrosia. These weeds are particularly noted for producing pollen which people with hay fever are allergic to.


lexentry: eng/raid__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: raid
trans_list: najazd | najście | nalot
sense:
(law enforcement) An attack or invasion for the purpose of making arrests, seizing property, or plundering.


lexentry: eng/rail_transport__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rail transport
trans_list: kolejnictwo
sense:
The transport of passengers and goods by means of wheeled vehicles that are specially designed to run on railways or railroads.


lexentry: eng/railcar__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: railcar
trans_list: autobus szynowy | drezyna spalinowa | szynobus | wagon silnikowy
sense:
(rail) A powered single railway vehicle designed for passenger transport, with a driver's cab in both ends; Not to be confused with motor coach/motorcar, which is a powered railway vehicle capable to haul a train.


lexentry: eng/railroad_tie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: railroad tie
trans_list: podkład
sense:
(rail transport, US) A heavy, preserved piece of hewn timber laid crossways to and supporting the rails of a railroad or a member of similar shape and function of another material such as concrete.


lexentry: eng/railroad_track__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: railroad track
trans_list: tory kolejowe
sense:
(rail, US) A pair of formed steel rails, separated and supported usually on wooden or concrete ties or sleepers, forming a track along which flange-wheeled railroad vehicles may travel.


lexentry: eng/railway__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: railway
trans_list: kolej | kolej żelazna
sense:
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, and, Commonwealth) A transport system using rails used to move passengers or goods.


lexentry: eng/railway__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: railway
trans_list: kolej | linia kolejowa
sense:
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, Philippines, and, Commonwealth) A track, consisting of parallel rails, over which wheeled vehicles such as trains may travel.


lexentry: eng/railway_gun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: railway gun
trans_list: działo kolejowe
sense:
(military) A massive and heavy mobile artillery gun, built, transported by, and fired from a specially designed rail car.


lexentry: eng/railway_line__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: railway line
trans_list: linia kolejowa
sense:
(chiefly, UK) A group of railway tracks running parallel, allowing one track to be used for each direction (a double-track railway line), or allowing segregation of fast trains from stopping trains (a four-track railway line).


lexentry: eng/rain__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: rain
trans_list: deszcz
sense:
(figuratively) Any matter moving or falling, usually through air, and especially if liquid or otherwise figuratively identifiable with raindrops.


lexentry: eng/rainbow__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rainbow
trans_list: tęcza | ceta | dęga | pijawa
sense:
A multicoloured arch in the sky, produced by prismatic refraction of light within droplets of rain in the air.


lexentry: eng/rainbow_trout__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rainbow trout
trans_list: pstrąg tęczowy
sense:
(usually, countable) A trout of the species Oncorhynchus mykiss, that has black spots and a pink streak running along the body.


lexentry: eng/rainbowfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rainbowfish
trans_list: tęczanka
sense:
Any of the small colourful freshwater fish in the family Melanotaeniidae, native to northern and eastern Australia, New Guinea and Indonesia.


lexentry: eng/rainwater__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: rainwater
trans_list: deszczówka | woda deszczowa
sense:
Water (for a house, etc.) sourced from rain which has not joined a spring, stream or river, pond, lake or sea.


lexentry: eng/raise_the_bar__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: raise the bar
trans_list: podnieść poprzeczkę | podnosić poprzeczkę
sense:
(idiomatic) To raise standards or expectations, especially by creating something to a higher standard.


lexentry: eng/raising__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: raising
trans_list: kolekcja
sense:
The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of forming it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning.


lexentry: eng/raison_d'état__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: raison d'état
trans_list: racja stanu
sense:
A state interest, especially when invoked as politically superior to moral or even legal considerations.


lexentry: eng/raison_d'être__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: raison d'être
trans_list: racja bytu
sense:
A reason for being; the claimed reason for the existence of something or someone; the sole or ultimate purpose of something or someone.


lexentry: eng/rake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rake
trans_list: grabie
sense:
(agriculture, horticulture) A garden tool with a row of pointed teeth fixed to a long handle, used for collecting debris, grass, etc., for flattening the ground, or for loosening soil; also, a similar wheel-mounted tool drawn by a horse or a tractor.


lexentry: eng/rake__Noun__3
sense_num: 03
written_rep: rake
trans_list: skład
sense:
(Britain, originally, Northern England, Scotland) A series, a succession; specifically (rail transport) a set of coupled rail vehicles, normally coaches or wagons.


lexentry: eng/rake__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rake
trans_list: grabić | ostrzeliwać | zgarniać | zgrabić
sense:
(ambitransitive, also, figurative) To move (a beam of light, a glance with the eyes, etc.) across (something) with a long side-to-side motion; specifically (often, military) to use a weapon to fire at (something) with a side-to-side motion; to spray with gunfire.


lexentry: eng/rakish__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rakish
trans_list: rozwiązły
sense:
Dashingly, carelessly, or sportingly unconventional or stylish; jaunty; characterized by a devil-may-care unconventionality; having a somewhat disreputable quality or appearance.


lexentry: eng/rale__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rale
trans_list: rzężenia
sense:
(medicine, now, chiefly, in plural) An abnormal clicking, rattling or crackling sound, made by one or both lungs and heard with a stethoscope, caused by the popping open of airways collapsed by fluid or exudate, or sometimes by pulmonary edema.


lexentry: eng/rally__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rally
trans_list: manifestacja | wiec
sense:
A public gathering or mass meeting that is not mainly a protest and is organized to inspire enthusiasm for a cause.


lexentry: eng/rally__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: rally
trans_list: rajd
sense:
(motor racing) An event in which competitors drive through a series of timed special stages at intervals. The winner is the driver who completes all stages with the shortest cumulative time.


lexentry: eng/ram__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ram
trans_list: staranować | taranować
sense:
(ambitransitive) To collide with (an object), usually with the intention of damaging it or disabling its function.


lexentry: eng/ramble__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: ramble
trans_list: gawędzić
sense:
(often with on, about, or both) To talk or write incessantly, unclearly, or incoherently, with many digressions.


lexentry: eng/ramie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ramie
trans_list: szczmiel
sense:
(usually, countable) A tall, tropical Asian perennial herb, Boehmeria nivea, cultivated for its fibrous stems.


lexentry: eng/ramification__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ramification
trans_list: rozgałęzienie
sense:
(botany, anatomy, also, figurative) A branching-out, the act or result of developing branches; specifically the divergence of the stem and limbs of a plant into smaller ones, or of similar developments in blood vessels, anatomical structures etc.


lexentry: eng/ramification__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ramification
trans_list: skutek uboczny
sense:
(figurative, often, in plural) An offshoot of a decision, fact etc.; a consequence or implication, especially one which complicates a situation.


lexentry: eng/rampart__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rampart
trans_list: szaniec | wał obronny
sense:
A defensive mound of earth or a wall with a broad top and usually a stone parapet; a wall-like ridge of earth, stones or debris; an embankment for defensive purpose.


lexentry: eng/ranch__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ranch
trans_list: ranczo | rancho
sense:
A small farm that cultivates vegetables or livestock, especially one in the Southwestern United States.


lexentry: eng/rancor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rancor
trans_list: uraza | żal
sense:
(American spelling) A feeling of long-lasting ire for another, sometimes to the point of hatred, over a perceived wrongdoing; bitterness.


lexentry: eng/random__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: random
trans_list: przypadkowy | losowy
sense:
(statistics) Involving an outcome which is impossible to predict, but which may be represented by a probability distribution; in the ideal case, involving outcomes which are equally likely.


lexentry: eng/random__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: random
trans_list: bez związku | od czapy | przeciętny | statystyczny
sense:
(informal) Being (part of) a varied, unrelated, and apparently arbitrary collection of things; diverse, heterogeneous.


lexentry: eng/random__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: random
trans_list: losowy | bez związku | od czapy
sense:
(informal) Apropos of nothing; lacking context, relevance, or any connection to the previous situation; unexpected.


lexentry: eng/random__Adjective__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: random
trans_list: przeciętny | statystyczny
sense:
(informal) Of a person: characterized by or often saying random things; habitually using non sequiturs.


lexentry: eng/random_access_memory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: random access memory
trans_list: pamięć o dostępie swobodnym
sense:
(computing, electronics) Computer memory, usually volatile, that stores program and data values during operation and in which each word of memory may be directly (randomly) accessed.


lexentry: eng/random_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: random function
trans_list: funkcja random
sense:
(computing) A function that returns a random or pseudo-random value that is distributed according to a specific probability distribution associated with the function.


lexentry: eng/random_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: random number
trans_list: liczba losowa
sense:
A number selected based on a uniform distribution, typically using a suitable generator (for example, rolling a die).


lexentry: eng/random_variable__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: random variable
trans_list: zmienna losowa
sense:
(statistics, formally) A measurable function from a sample space to the measurable space of possible values of the variable.


lexentry: eng/range__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: range
trans_list: kuchenka | piec
sense:
A fireplace; a fire or other cooking apparatus; now specifically, a large cooking stove with many hotplates.


lexentry: eng/range_of_motion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: range of motion
trans_list: zakres ruchu
sense:
The distance (linear or angular) that a movable object may normally travel while properly attached to another.


lexentry: eng/rangefinder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rangefinder
trans_list: dalmierz
sense:
Any of several designs of optical (or other) instrument that is used to measure the distance to an object


lexentry: eng/rank__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: rank
trans_list: rząd
sense:
(chess) One of the eight horizontal lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a number).


lexentry: eng/rank_and_file__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rank and file
trans_list: załoga
sense:
Enlisted soldiers in a military organization, as would be arrayed in a grid pattern with ranks and files.


lexentry: eng/ransomware__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ransomware
trans_list: oprogramowanie szantażujące | oprogramowanie wymuszające okup | ransomware
sense:
(computer security) Malware that holds the data of a computer user for ransom, usually requiring or claiming to require payment to restore access.


lexentry: eng/rape__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rape
trans_list: gwałt
sense:
The act of forcing sex upon another person without their consent or against their will; originally coitus forced by a man on a woman, but now generally any sex act forced by any person upon another person; by extension, any non-consensual sex act forced on or perpetrated by any being. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/rape__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rape
trans_list: gwałcić | zgwałcić
sense:
(chiefly, transitive) To force sexual intercourse or other sexual activity upon (someone) without their consent. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/rape__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: rape
trans_list: naruszyć
sense:
(transitive) To carry (someone, especially a woman) off against their will, especially for sex; to abduct. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/rape_culture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rape culture
trans_list: kultura gwałtu
sense:
A culture, environment or society where rape (a form of sexual assault) is common, and in which social attitudes or practices work to trivialize sexual violence, make rape seem normal, or shift responsibility from rapists to rape victims. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/rapeseed_oil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rapeseed oil
trans_list: olej rzepakowy
sense:
A thick brownish-yellow oil expressed from rapeseed, used chiefly for cooking, lubricating and in the manufacture of soap and india rubber.


lexentry: eng/rapier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rapier
trans_list: rapier
sense:
A slender, straight, sharply pointed sword (double-edged, single-edged or edgeless), designed predominantly for thrusting; used during the Renaissance period of Europe for civilian duelling


lexentry: eng/raptor__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: raptor
trans_list: dromeozaur
sense:
(informal, paleontology) One of the dromaeosaurs, a family of carnivorous dinosaurs having tearing claws on the hind legs.


lexentry: eng/rare__Adjective__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rare
trans_list: krwisty
sense:
(cooking) Particularly of meat, especially beefsteak: cooked very lightly, so the meat is still red.


lexentry: eng/rare_earth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rare earth
trans_list: metal ziem rzadkich
sense:
(chemistry) Any of the naturally occurring oxides of the lanthanide metals; they are widely distributed in relatively small concentrations and are used in glassmaking, ceramic glazes etc.


lexentry: eng/rare_earth_element__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rare earth element
trans_list: metal ziem rzadkich
sense:
(chemistry) Any of a group of seventeen soft, lustrous, sometimes magnetic metals that form trivalent salts, which includes the lanthanides plus yttrium, scandium.


lexentry: eng/rareripe__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: rareripe
trans_list: ranny
sense:
(by extension, of a person, uncommon) maturing too quickly; taking on the trappings of maturity before one is emotionally developed


lexentry: eng/rash__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rash
trans_list: wysypka
sense:
(dermatology, symptom) An area of inflamed and irritated skin characterized by reddened spots that may be filled with fluid or pus. Also, preceded by a descriptive word (rare, or, obsolete) , an illness characterized by a type of rash.


lexentry: eng/rasp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rasp
trans_list: tarnik | raszpla
sense:
A coarse file or filelike tool, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true file.


lexentry: eng/raspberry__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: raspberry
trans_list: prychnięcie
sense:
(colloquial) A noise intended to imitate the passing of flatulence, made by blowing air out of the mouth while the tongue is protruding from and pressed against the lips, or by blowing air through the lips while they are pressed firmly together or against skin (often a form of tickling) used humorously or to express derision.


lexentry: eng/raster_graphics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: raster graphics
trans_list: bitmapa | grafika bitmapowa | grafika rastrowa
sense:
(computing) A data file or structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels, or points of colour, on a computer monitor, paper, or other display medium.


lexentry: eng/rat__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: rat
trans_list: donosić | kapować | sypać
sense:
(intransitive, with on or out) To inform on someone; to betray someone to the police or authorities. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/rat_race__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rat race
trans_list: wyścig szczurów
sense:
(informal) An activity or situation which is congested with participants and which is hectic or tedious, especially in the context of a busy, modern urban lifestyle.


lexentry: eng/ratatouille__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ratatouille
trans_list: ratatuj
sense:
A traditional French Provençal stewed vegetable dish consisting primarily of tomatoes, zucchini and eggplant.


lexentry: eng/rather__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rather
trans_list: raczej
sense:
Used to specify a choice or preference; preferably, in preference to. (Now usually followed by than) [from 9th c.]


lexentry: eng/rather__Adverb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: rather
trans_list: raczej
sense:
(conjunctive) Introducing a qualification or clarification; more precisely. (Now usually preceded by or.) [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/rational__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: rational
trans_list: racjonalny
sense:
(algebra) Of an algebraic expression in indeterminates, or more generally a function: capable of being expressed as the ratio of two polynomials.


lexentry: eng/rational_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rational function
trans_list: funkcja wymierna
sense:
(mathematics, complex analysis, algebraic geometry) Any function expressible as the quotient of two (coprime) polynomials (and which thus has poles at a finite, discrete set of points which are the roots of the denominator).


lexentry: eng/rationalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rationalism
trans_list: racjonalizm
sense:
(philosophy) The theory that the reason is a source of knowledge independent of and superior to sense perception.


lexentry: eng/ratite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ratite
trans_list: bezgrzebieniowiec
sense:
A member of a diverse group of mostly large, running, flightless birds that lack keels on their sternums, mostly extinct such as the elephant bird and moa, but including the extant cassowaries, emu, kiwi, ostrich, and rhea; formerly grouped together in the order Struthioniformes, and including the Paleognathae except the tinamous.


lexentry: eng/ratline__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ratline
trans_list: wyblinka
sense:
(nautical) Any of the cross ropes between the shrouds, which form a net-like ropework, allowing sailors to climb up towards the top of the mast. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/rattail__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: rattail
trans_list: mysi ogonek
sense:
A hairstyle characterized by a long lock of tail-like hair dangling from the back of the head; the dangling lock itself.


lexentry: eng/rattle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rattle
trans_list: charczenie | rzężenie
sense:
(zoology) The set of rings at the end of a rattlesnake's tail which produce a rattling sound. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/rattle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rattle
trans_list: grzechotka
sense:
A baby’s toy designed to make sound when shaken, usually containing loose grains or pellets in a hollow container. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/rattle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rattle
trans_list: grzechotka | klekotka | kołatka | trajkotka
sense:
A device which produces a loud rattling sound, especially one having a ratchet mechanism and spun round on a handle.


lexentry: eng/rattle__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: rattle
trans_list: charczenie | rzężenie
sense:
(onomatopoeia) A rapid succession of percussive sounds, as made by loose objects shaking or vibrating against one another. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/rattle__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: rattle
trans_list: charczenie | rzężenie
sense:
A rough noise produced in the throat by air passing through obstructed airways; croup; a death rattle. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/rattlesnake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rattlesnake
trans_list: grzechotnik
sense:
Any of various venomous American snakes, of genera Crotalus and Sistrurus, having a rattle at the end of its tail.


lexentry: eng/rattletrap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rattletrap
trans_list: szmelc
sense:
(informal) A mechanical device, particularly an automobile, that is worn out, run down, or mechanically unreliable as indicated by noises it makes in operation.


lexentry: eng/rave__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: rave
trans_list: burak
sense:
An all-night dance party with electronic dance music (techno, trance, drum and bass etc.) in small unknown clubs.


lexentry: eng/rave__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: rave
trans_list: chwalić
sense:
(intransitive, followed by "about", "of" or (formerly) "on") To talk with excessive enthusiasm, passion or excitement.


lexentry: eng/ravelin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ravelin
trans_list: rawelin
sense:
An outwork. A fortification outside a castle used to split an attacking force; composed of two faces, forming a salient angle whose gorge resembles a half-moon


lexentry: eng/raven__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: raven
trans_list: kruk
sense:
(countable) Any of several, generally large and lustrous black species of birds in the genus Corvus, especially the common raven (Corvus corax).


lexentry: eng/raw__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: raw
trans_list: surowy
sense:
Not treated or processed; in a natural state, unrefined, unprocessed. [from 10th c.] (of materials, products, etc.)


lexentry: eng/raw_material__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: raw material
trans_list: surowiec
sense:
(figuratively) Any physical product serving as input to a factory or other installation which processes it.


lexentry: eng/rax__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: rax
trans_list: dawać
sense:
(UK, dialectal, Northern England, Scotland, transitive) To extend the hand to; hand or pass something.


lexentry: eng/ray__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: ray
trans_list: promień
sense:
(botany) A radiating part of a flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, such as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius.


lexentry: eng/ray__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ray
trans_list: płaszczka
sense:
Any of the superorder Batoidea of marine fish with flat bodies, large wing-like fins, and whip-like tails.


lexentry: eng/ray_of_light__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ray of light
trans_list: promień światła
sense:
(physics) A path that a photon or a group of photons takes through space, visible as a column of light.


lexentry: eng/razor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: razor
trans_list: brzytwa
sense:
A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or other parts of the body.


lexentry: eng/razor_clam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: razor clam
trans_list: okładniczka
sense:
A clam of several species in superfamily Solenoidea, with long curved shells resembling straight razors.


lexentry: eng/razor_wire__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: razor wire
trans_list: drut ostrzowy
sense:
A form of securing wire similar to barbed wire, but with a series of short blades instead of barbs. Also, a length thereof.


lexentry: eng/re-Polonizing__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: re-Polonizing
trans_list: repolonizacyjny
sense:
That restore or restores to a Polish or more Polish character (however conceived); that Polonize or Polonizes; Polonizing again.


lexentry: eng/reach__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: reach
trans_list: rozciągnięcie | sięgnięcie
sense:
The power of stretching out or extending action, influence, or the like; power of attainment or management; extent of force or capacity.


lexentry: eng/reach__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: reach
trans_list: docierać | dosięgać | dosięgnąć | dotrzeć
sense:
(transitive) To give to someone by stretching out a limb, especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another person; to hand over.


lexentry: eng/reach__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: reach
trans_list: sięgać | sięgnąć | docierać | dosięgać | dosięgnąć | dotrzeć
sense:
(transitive, by extension) To extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut.


lexentry: eng/reach_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: reach out
trans_list: nawiązać kontakt | nawiązywać kontakt | odezwać się | odzywać się
sense:
(intransitive, originally, business, followed by to) To attempt to initiate communication with someone; to contact.


lexentry: eng/react__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: react
trans_list: reagować | zareagować
sense:
(physics, intransitive) To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force


lexentry: eng/react__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: react
trans_list: reagować | zareagować
sense:
(chemistry, intransitive) To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition.


lexentry: eng/react__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: react
trans_list: reagować | zareagować
sense:
(chemistry, transitive) To cause chemical agents to react; to cause one chemical agent to react with another.


lexentry: eng/reactance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reactance
trans_list: reaktancja
sense:
(physics, electrics) The opposition to the change in flow of current in an alternating current circuit, due to inductance and capacitance; the imaginary part of the impedance. Symbol: X.


lexentry: eng/reactant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reactant
trans_list: reagent
sense:
(chemistry) Any of the participants present at the start of a chemical reaction, specifically one that is consumed during the reaction.


lexentry: eng/reaction__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: reaction
trans_list: reakcja
sense:
(chemistry) A transformation in which one or more substances is converted into another by combination or decomposition.


lexentry: eng/reactionary__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reactionary
trans_list: reakcjonistyczny | reakcyjny
sense:
(politics) Extremely conservative; opposing revolution (such as the French Revolution); favoring a return to a golden age of the past.


lexentry: eng/reactionary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reactionary
trans_list: reakcjonista
sense:
(politics) One who opposes revolution, wanting to reverse it, favoring a return to a past golden age. Often used as a derogatory by revolutionaires.


lexentry: eng/reactor__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: reactor
trans_list: reagent
sense:
(chemistry) A chemical substance which responds to the presence of, or contact with, another substance.


lexentry: eng/read-only_memory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: read-only memory
trans_list: pamięć tylko do odczytu
sense:
(computing) A computer memory chip that stores values but does not allow updates, in which the values are nonvolatile in that they are retained even when the computer is unpowered.


lexentry: eng/read__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: read
trans_list: czytać | przeczytać
sense:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To look at and interpret letters or other information that is written.


lexentry: eng/read__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: read
trans_list: czytać | odczytać | odczytywać
sense:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To speak aloud words or other information that is written. (often construed with a to phrase or an indirect object)


lexentry: eng/read__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: read
trans_list: czytać | studiować
sense:
(ergative) To substitute a corrected piece of text in place of an erroneous one; used to introduce an emendation of a text.


lexentry: eng/reading_glasses__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reading glasses
trans_list: okulary do czytania
sense:
Any type of spectacles intended chiefly to deal with the effects of presbyopia by magnifying details such as fine text.


lexentry: eng/reading_material__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reading material
trans_list: lektura
sense:
Anything produced for the purpose of being read; a collective term for books, magazines, newspapers, etc.; reading matter.


lexentry: eng/ready_meal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ready meal
trans_list: gotowe danie | gotowy posiłek
sense:
A prepackaged, fresh or frozen meal that only requires heating (often in a microwave) before being served, sometimes in its own packaging.


lexentry: eng/reagent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reagent
trans_list: reagent | odczynnik
sense:
(chemistry) A compound or mixture of compounds used to treat or test materials, samples, other compounds or reactants in a laboratory or sometimes an industrial setting.


lexentry: eng/real-time__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: real-time
trans_list: w czasie rzeczywistym
sense:
(computing) Of a system: that responds to events or signals within a predictable time after their occurrence; specifically the response time must be within the maximum allowed, but is typically synchronous.


lexentry: eng/real-valued__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: real-valued
trans_list: o wartościach rzeczywistych
sense:
(analysis, of a function) Having only real values: having as its codomain the set of real numbers or a subset thereof.


lexentry: eng/real__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: real
trans_list: realny
sense:
(economics) Having been adjusted to remove the effects of inflation; measured in purchasing power (contrast nominal).


lexentry: eng/real__Adjective__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: real
trans_list: realny
sense:
(economics) Relating to the result of the actions of rational agents; relating to neoclassical economic models as opposed to Keynesian models.


lexentry: eng/real__Adjective__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: real
trans_list: realny
sense:
(mathematics, of a number) Being either a rational number, or the limit of a convergent infinite sequence of rational numbers: being one of a set of numbers with a one-to-one correspondence to the points on a line.


lexentry: eng/real_estate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: real estate
trans_list: nieruchomość
sense:
(US, Canada, Australia) Property that cannot easily be moved, usually buildings and the ground they are built on.


lexentry: eng/real_life__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: real life
trans_list: real | życie
sense:
Life outside of a contrived or fantastical environment; often used in comparison to events depicted in drama.


lexentry: eng/real_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: real number
trans_list: liczba rzeczywista
sense:
(mathematics) The limit of a convergent sequence of rational numbers, whether the limit is a rational number such as 2, -5, or 2/7 or whether the limit is an irrational number such as the square root of two or the circumference of the circle whose radius is one.


lexentry: eng/real_projective_plane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: real projective plane
trans_list: płaszczyzna rzutowa rzeczywista
sense:
(geometry) A three-dimensional vector space over the field of real numbers in which one-dimensional linear subspaces are considered as “points” and two-dimensional linear subspaces are considered as “lines”. Equivalently, a sphere in which pairs of antipodal points are considered as “points” and great circles are considered as “lines”.


lexentry: eng/real_socialism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: real socialism
trans_list: realny socjalizm
sense:
pragmatic socialism, practical socialism, a form of socialism which attempts to reach tangible goals perceived to be feasible instead of primarily focusing on adherence to Marxist-Leninist theory.


lexentry: eng/real_world__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: real world
trans_list: real
sense:
The realm of human experience comprising physical objects, and excluding theoretical constructs, hypotheses, artificial environments, and "virtual" worlds such as the Internet, computer simulations, or the imagination.


lexentry: eng/realgar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: realgar
trans_list: realgar
sense:
(mineral) A mineral, arsenic sulfide (AsS), often associated with orpiment and stibnite in lead, silver and gold ores.


lexentry: eng/realia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: realia
trans_list: realia
sense:
Objects from real life or from the real world, as opposed to theoretical constructs or fabricated examples.


lexentry: eng/realist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: realist
trans_list: autentysta | realista
sense:
(philosophy) An advocate of realism; one who believes that matter, objects etc. have real existence beyond our perception of them.


lexentry: eng/realist__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: realist
trans_list: realista
sense:
One who believes in seeing things the way they really are, as opposed to how they would like them to be.


lexentry: eng/reality_television__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reality television
trans_list: reality show
sense:
(television) A genre of television programming portraying one or more people who are not professional actors and depicting their reactions to given stimuli or goals.


lexentry: eng/realize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: realize
trans_list: zrealizować | realizować | urzeczywistniać | tworzyć | urzeczywistnić | ziszczać
sense:
(chiefly, passive voice, slightly, _, formal) To convert (something imaginary or planned, as a goal or idea) into reality; to bring into real existence, to make real. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/realize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: realize
trans_list: realizować
sense:
To convert (an asset or property, especially investments such as bonds, shares, etc.) into a more easily usable form such as money, especially by selling the asset or property.


lexentry: eng/really__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: really
trans_list: naprawdę | czyżby | doprawdy
sense:
(informal) Indicating surprise at, or requesting confirmation of, some new information; to express skepticism.


lexentry: eng/realm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: realm
trans_list: królestwo
sense:
(fantasy, RPG) An otherworldly dimension or domain — magical, ethereal, or otherwise — usually ruled or created by a mystical character.


lexentry: eng/realpolitik__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: realpolitik
trans_list: Realpolitik
sense:
(politics) Pragmatic but usually expansionist government policy and politics focused on perceived national interests of the state to the near exclusion of ethical, moral, and theoretical objectives.


lexentry: eng/realtor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: realtor
trans_list: agentka nieruchomości
sense:
(North America) A person or business that sells or leases out real estate, acting as an agent for the property owner.


lexentry: eng/reanimate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reanimate
trans_list: reanimować
sense:
(ambitransitive) To restore (someone or something) to animation or life; to come back to animation or life.


lexentry: eng/reap_what_one_sows__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reap what one sows
trans_list: nawarzyłeś piwa, to musisz je teraz wypić
sense:
(intransitive, idiomatic) To receive as a return or reward in the same measure as one's exertions or intentions, in a good or a bad sense; to receive justice or one's just deserts.


lexentry: eng/rear__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: rear
trans_list: stanąć dęba
sense:
(transitive, literary) To raise physically or metaphorically; to lift up; to cause to rise, to elevate.


lexentry: eng/rearguard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rearguard
trans_list: ariergarda | straż tylna
sense:
(military) The rearmost part of a force, especially a detachment of troops that protect the rear of a retreating force.


lexentry: eng/rearm__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rearm
trans_list: przezbrajać | przezbroić | remilitaryzować
sense:
To replace or restore the weapons or arms of a previously defeated, or disarmed army, country, person or other body.


lexentry: eng/reason__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reason
trans_list: powód | racja
sense:
An excuse: a thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation.


lexentry: eng/reason__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: reason
trans_list: rozum
sense:
(uncountable) Rational thinking (or the capacity for it); the cognitive faculties, collectively, of conception, judgment, deduction and intuition.


lexentry: eng/reason__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: reason
trans_list: przekonać | przekonywać
sense:
(intransitive) To perform a process of deduction or of induction, in order to convince or to confute; to argue.


lexentry: eng/reasoning__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reasoning
trans_list: dowodzenie | argumentacja
sense:
(uncountable) The deduction of inferences or interpretations from premises, abstract thought, ratiocination; (countable) any instance of this, especially as a process leading to an action, motive.


lexentry: eng/reboot__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reboot
trans_list: uruchomić ponownie
sense:
(computing, ergative) To execute a computer's boot process, effectively resetting the computer and causing the operating system to reload, commonly after a system failure.


lexentry: eng/rebound__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: rebound
trans_list: partner na odzyskanie poczucie siebie
sense:
(colloquial) A romantic partner with whom one begins a relationship (or the relationship one begins) for the sake of getting over a previous, recently ended romantic relationship.


lexentry: eng/rebus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rebus
trans_list: rebus
sense:
An arrangement of pictures, symbols, and/or words representing phrases or words, especially as a word puzzle.


lexentry: eng/recant__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: recant
trans_list: cofać
sense:
(ambitransitive) To withdraw or repudiate a statement or opinion formerly expressed, especially formally and publicly.


lexentry: eng/recapitulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: recapitulation
trans_list: streszczenie
sense:
(theology) The symmetry provided by Christ's life to the teachings of the Old Testament; the summation of human experience in Jesus Christ.


lexentry: eng/receiver__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: receiver
trans_list: odbiornik
sense:
Any of several electronic devices that receive electromagnetic waves, or signals transmitted as such. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/receiver__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: receiver
trans_list: słuchawka
sense:
The part of a telephone handset contained in the earpiece; (hence) the handset itself; an earpiece. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/receivership__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: receivership
trans_list: zarząd syndyka
sense:
(legal, business) A form trusteeship of bankruptcy administration in which a receiver is appointed to run the company for the benefit of the creditors.


lexentry: eng/receptacle__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: receptacle
trans_list: dno kwiatowe
sense:
(botany) The part of the flower stalk (peduncle or pedicel) to which the floral parts are attached; a thalamus, a torus.


lexentry: eng/reception_desk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reception desk
trans_list: recepcja
sense:
A designated area, typically situated near the entrance of a building such as an office, hotel, hospital or other public establishment, where visitors are greeted and assisted.


lexentry: eng/receptionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: receptionist
trans_list: recepcjonista | recepcjonistka
sense:
An employee (such as a secretary) who works in reception (receiving visitors and/or calls) for a person or business, especially an office.


lexentry: eng/receptor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: receptor
trans_list: receptor
sense:
(biochemistry, medicine) A protein on a cell wall that binds with specific molecules so that they can be absorbed into the cell in order to control certain functions.


lexentry: eng/recess__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: recess
trans_list: zakamarek
sense:
(countable) An act of retiring or withdrawing from public life, society, etc.; also, an act of living in retirement or seclusion, or a period of such retirement or seclusion.


lexentry: eng/reciprocal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reciprocal
trans_list: wzajemny | obopólny | obustronny
sense:
Of a feeling, action or such: mutual, uniformly felt or done by each party towards the other or others; two-way.


lexentry: eng/reciprocal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reciprocal
trans_list: odwrotność
sense:
(arithmetic) The number obtained by dividing 1 by another given number; the result of exchanging the numerator and the denominator of a fraction.


lexentry: eng/reciprocate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: reciprocate
trans_list: odpowiadać
sense:
(transitive) To give something else in response (where the "thing" may also be abstract, a feeling or action) To make a reciprocal gift.


lexentry: eng/reciprocity__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: reciprocity
trans_list: wzajemność
sense:
(grammar) A reciprocal construction involves two noun phrases where each of the participants occupies both the role of agent and patient with respect to the other. see: Wikipedia:Reciprocal pronoun.


lexentry: eng/recital__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: recital
trans_list: motyw
sense:
(legal) A formal, preliminary statement in a deed or writing in order to explain the reasons on which the transaction is founded, prior to a positive allegation.


lexentry: eng/recitative__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: recitative
trans_list: recytatyw
sense:
(music) dialogue, in an opera etc, that, rather than being sung as an aria, is reproduced with the rhythms of normal speech, often with simple musical accompaniment or harpsichord continuo, serving to expound the plot.


lexentry: eng/recite__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: recite
trans_list: recytować | wyrecytować
sense:
(transitive) To repeat aloud (some passage, poem or other text previously memorized, or in front of one's eyes), often before an audience.


lexentry: eng/reckon__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: reckon
trans_list: liczyć
sense:
To count as in a number, rank, or series; to estimate by rank or quality; to place by estimation; to account; to esteem; to repute.


lexentry: eng/reckon__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: reckon
trans_list: uważać
sense:
(colloquial) To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; -- followed by an objective clause


lexentry: eng/reckon__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: reckon
trans_list: czytać
sense:
To reckon with something or somebody or not, i.e. to reckon without something or somebody: to take into account, deal with, consider or not, i.e. to misjudge, ignore, not take into account, not deal with, not consider or fail to consider; e.g. reckon without one's host


lexentry: eng/recluse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: recluse
trans_list: anachoreta
sense:
A person who lives in self-imposed isolation or seclusion from the world, especially for religious purposes; a hermit.


lexentry: eng/recognizance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: recognizance
trans_list: posesja
sense:
(legal) A form of bail; a promise made by the accused to the court that they will attend all required judicial proceedings and will not engage in further illegal activity or other prohibited conduct as set by the court.


lexentry: eng/recognize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: recognize
trans_list: poznać | rozpoznać | rozpoznawać
sense:
(transitive) To match (something or someone which one currently perceives) to a memory of some previous encounter with the same person or thing.


lexentry: eng/recognize__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: recognize
trans_list: uznać | uznawać
sense:
(transitive) To acknowledge the existence or legality of; to treat as valid or worthy of consideration.


lexentry: eng/recoil__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: recoil
trans_list: odrzut
sense:
(firearms) The energy transmitted back to the shooter from a firearm which has fired. Recoil is a function of the weight of the weapon, the weight of the projectile, and the speed at which it leaves the muzzle.


lexentry: eng/recommend__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: recommend
trans_list: polecać | polecić
sense:
(transitive) To bestow commendation on; to represent favourably; to suggest, endorse or encourage as an appropriate choice.


lexentry: eng/recommend__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: recommend
trans_list: polecać | polecić
sense:
(transitive, archaic) To commit, confide to another's care, confidence or acceptance, with favoring representations


lexentry: eng/reconcile__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: reconcile
trans_list: wyrównać | wyrównywać
sense:
(accounting, transitive) To make the net difference in credits and debits of a financial account agree with the balance.


lexentry: eng/reconciliation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: reconciliation
trans_list: rekoncyliacja
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) Ellipsis of sacrament of reconciliation (“a sacrament (sacred ritual) also called confession, involving contrition by a person, confessing sins to a priest, penance performed by the person, and absolution granted by the priest”).


lexentry: eng/reconnoiter__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reconnoiter
trans_list: badać teren | przeprowadzać rekonesans
sense:
(American spelling, transitive, intransitive, military) To perform a reconnaissance (of an area; an enemy position); to scout with the aim of acquiring information.


lexentry: eng/record-breaking__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: record-breaking
trans_list: rekordowy
sense:
Of an achievement or observation, exceeding the highest previously recorded level in that activity or category.


lexentry: eng/record__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: record
trans_list: zapis
sense:
Any instance of a physical medium on which information was put for the purpose of preserving it and making it available for future reference.


lexentry: eng/record__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: record
trans_list: płyta | analog | płyta gramofonowa
sense:
Ellipsis of phonograph record (“a disc, usually made from vinyl, on which sound is recorded and may be replayed on a phonograph”).


lexentry: eng/record__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: record
trans_list: rekord
sense:
The most extreme known value of some variable, particularly that of an achievement in competitive events.


lexentry: eng/record_label__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: record label
trans_list: wytwórnia płytowa | label | wytwórnia
sense:
The round sticker in the centre of a phonograph record that contains the record company's logo and information about the recording.


lexentry: eng/recorder__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: recorder
trans_list: flet prosty
sense:
(musical instrument) A musical instrument of the woodwind family; a type of fipple flute, a simple internal duct flute.


lexentry: eng/recover__Verb__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: recover
trans_list: wyzdrowieć | zdrowieć
sense:
(intransitive, followed by "from" to show what caused the bad feeling) To get better, to regain health or prosperity.


lexentry: eng/recreational_vehicle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: recreational vehicle
trans_list: kamper
sense:
(North America) A self-propelled vehicle (motor home), or trailer designed for use as living quarters on overnight recreational activities and travel.


lexentry: eng/recruit__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: recruit
trans_list: werbować | rekrutować | zrekrutować | zwerbować
sense:
To enroll or enlist new members or potential employees on behalf of an employer, organization, sports team, the military, etc.


lexentry: eng/recruitment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: recruitment
trans_list: rekrutacja | werbunek
sense:
The process or art of finding candidates for a post in an organization, or recruits for the armed forces.


lexentry: eng/rectified_spirit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rectified spirit
trans_list: spirytus
sense:
An alcoholic spirit that has been purified to or close to the maximum concentration obtainable by using conventional distillation processes, i.e. about 96% by volume.


lexentry: eng/rectify__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: rectify
trans_list: poprawiać | poprawić
sense:
(transitive) To restore (someone or something) to its proper condition; to straighten out, to set right. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/rectitude__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: rectitude
trans_list: prawość
sense:
(now, _, rare) The fact or quality of being right or correct; correctness of opinion or judgement. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/rector__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: rector
trans_list: proboszcz
sense:
(Eastern Orthodoxy, uncommon) A priest or bishop in the Orthodox Church who is in charge of a parish or in an administrative leadership position in a theological seminary or academy.


lexentry: eng/rectum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rectum
trans_list: odbytnica
sense:
(anatomy) The terminal part of the large intestine through which feces pass after exiting the colon, but before leaving the body through the anus or cloaca.


lexentry: eng/recumbent__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: recumbent
trans_list: rower poziomy
sense:
(archaeology) A large rectangular monolith lying on its side, typically flanked by two large upright stones, the flankers; found in recumbent stone circles of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and the counties of Cork and Kerry in south-west of Ireland.


lexentry: eng/recuperate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: recuperate
trans_list: wyzdrowieć | zdrowieć
sense:
(intransitive) To recover, especially from an illness; to get better from an illness or from exhaustion (or sometimes from a financial loss, etc).


lexentry: eng/recursive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: recursive
trans_list: rekurencyjny
sense:
(mathematics, not comparable) of an expression, each term of which is determined by applying a formula to preceding terms


lexentry: eng/recursive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: recursive
trans_list: rekurencyjny
sense:
(computing theory, not comparable, of a function) which can be computed by a theoretical model of a computer, in a finite amount of time


lexentry: eng/recursively_enumerable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: recursively enumerable
trans_list: rekurencyjnie przeliczalny
sense:
(computing theory) Of a set, such that there exists a deterministic algorithm which will list all the items in the set and no others.


lexentry: eng/recuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: recuse
trans_list: od
sense:
(reflexive, law) Of a judge, juror, or prosecutor: to declare (oneself) unable to participate in a court case due to an actual or potential conflict of interest or lack of impartiality.


lexentry: eng/recycle_bin__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: recycle bin
trans_list: kosz
sense:
(computing) In Microsoft Windows, a storage location for deleted files, from which they can be retrieved or permanently deleted.


lexentry: eng/red-backed_shrike__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red-backed shrike
trans_list: gąsiorek
sense:
A medium-sized bird (Lanius collurio) of the shrike family that breeds in most of Europe and western Asia and winters in tropical Africa, eating large insects, small birds, voles, and lizards.


lexentry: eng/red-breasted_goose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red-breasted goose
trans_list: bernikla rdzawoszyja
sense:
Branta ruficollis, a species of goose from Eurasia, with a large rust-colored area on its breast and throat.


lexentry: eng/red-eared_slider__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red-eared slider
trans_list: żółw czerwonolicy
sense:
A subspecies of pond slider, Trachemys scripta elegans, quite popular as a pet. Although native to the southern United States, it has become common in many areas of the world.


lexentry: eng/red-eye__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red-eye
trans_list: bass
sense:
(US) Any of various sunfishes of the family Centrarchidae, especially the redeye bass (Micropterus coosae) or the rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris). [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/red-eye__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red-eye
trans_list: motyl z rodzaju Matapa | zaczerwienienie spojówek
sense:
(US) Either of two subspecies of the copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix), a venomous pit viper native to the United States: either the broad-banded copperhead or Texas copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus), or the highland moccasin or northern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen).


lexentry: eng/red-eye__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: red-eye
trans_list: nocny samolot
sense:
(countable, US, aviation, travel, colloquial, also, attributively) An overnight airplane flight or train trip.


lexentry: eng/red-eye__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: red-eye
trans_list: efekt czerwonych oczu
sense:
(countable, uncountable, photography) Redness in the eye(s) of someone in a colour photograph, as an unwanted consequence of light from a flash reflecting off blood vessels in the retina. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/red-legged_cormorant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red-legged cormorant
trans_list: kormoran czerwononogi
sense:
Any gray cormorant of the species Poikilocarbo gaimardi which resides primarily along the southwestern coasts of South America and has vividly red legs.


lexentry: eng/red-necked_grebe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red-necked grebe
trans_list: perkoz rdzawoszyi
sense:
Podiceps grisegena a migratory aquatic bird found in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/red-tailed_shrike__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red-tailed shrike
trans_list: dzierzba rdzawosterna
sense:
Lanius phoenicuroides, a member of the shrike family (Laniidae). It was formerly considered conspecific with the isabelline shrike and the red-backed shrike.


lexentry: eng/red-throated_diver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red-throated diver
trans_list: nur rdzawoszyi
sense:
Gavia stellata, the smallest member of the loon or diver family, breeding in northern Eurasia and Arctic Canada, with grey head, red throat, white underparts and dark mantle.


lexentry: eng/red__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: red
trans_list: czerwony | czerwień
sense:
Left-wing parties and movements, chiefly socialist or communist, including the U.K. Labour party and the Social Democratic Party of Germany.


lexentry: eng/red__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red
trans_list: czerwień | czerwony
sense:
(countable, and, uncountable) The colour of the setting sun, blood, and strawberries; the colour which is evoked by the longest visible wavelengths (between about 625–740 nm), and a primary additive colour.


lexentry: eng/red__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: red
trans_list: czerwony
sense:
(countable) A revolutionary socialist or (most commonly) a Communist; (usually capitalized) a Bolshevik, a supporter of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War.


lexentry: eng/red_bandfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red bandfish
trans_list: wstęgówka
sense:
A species of bandfish found in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean from Senegal to Norway, Cepola macrophthalma (syn. Cepola rubescens).


lexentry: eng/red_blood_cell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red blood cell
trans_list: erytrocyt | czerwona krwinka
sense:
(hematology, cytology) A type of cell in the blood of vertebrates that contains hemoglobin and transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues; an erythrocyte.


lexentry: eng/red_cabbage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red cabbage
trans_list: czerwona kapusta
sense:
(countable, uncountable) A form of cabbage having red leaves, Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra .


lexentry: eng/red_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red card
trans_list: czerwona kartka
sense:
(sports) A card displayed by the referee when a player is sent off for a serious infringement of the rules.


lexentry: eng/red_crossbill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red crossbill
trans_list: krzyżodziób świerkowy
sense:
Loxia curvirostra, a small passerine bird in the finch family, widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/red_fox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red fox
trans_list: lis rudy
sense:
(countable) A common species of fox, Vulpes vulpes native to North America, Asia, Europe and North Africa; small, with reddish fur, but larger than the arctic fox.


lexentry: eng/red_giant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red giant
trans_list: czerwony olbrzym
sense:
(star) A large red coloured star with a lower surface temperature than many stars, being at the final stage of moderately massive main-sequence stars.


lexentry: eng/red_grouse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red grouse
trans_list: pardwa szkocka
sense:
A medium-sized bird, Lagopus lagopus scotica, of the grouse family, found in heather moorland in Great Britain and Ireland.


lexentry: eng/red_herring__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: red herring
trans_list: fałszywy trop | podpucha
sense:
(figuratively) A clue, information, argument, etc. that is or is intended to be misleading, diverting attention from the real answer or issue.


lexentry: eng/red_oak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red oak
trans_list: dąb czerwony
sense:
(usually, countable) An oak tree with wood of a red tint, with leaves that have pointed lobes, Quercus rubra, native to eastern North America.


lexentry: eng/red_oak__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: red oak
trans_list: dąb czerwony
sense:
(usually, countable) A similar tree of any of the many species in Quercus subg. Quercus, section Lobatae, found mostly in North America.


lexentry: eng/red_panda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red panda
trans_list: panda mała | panda | panda czerwona | panda mniejsza | panda ruda | pandka ruda
sense:
An omnivorous mammal of the genus Ailurus, native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia, which has dark red fur and a ringed tail.


lexentry: eng/red_pepper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red pepper
trans_list: papryka
sense:
A red-colored, ripe, bell or sweet pepper. Unripe peppers of this variety are green and edible but not as sweet.


lexentry: eng/red_phalarope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red phalarope
trans_list: płatkonóg płaskodzioby
sense:
The phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius, in its summer breeding plumage. Compare grey phalarope. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/red_phosphorus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red phosphorus
trans_list: fosfor czerwony
sense:
(chemistry) A stable allotrope of phosphorus, used in the manufacture of safety matches, pesticides, etc.


lexentry: eng/red_state__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: red state
trans_list: czerwony stan
sense:
(US politics) A state of the United States voting Republican in a given election, tending to vote Republican in general, or having a typically conservative mindset.


lexentry: eng/redact__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: redact
trans_list: cenzurować | ocenzurować
sense:
(usually, transitive) To censor, to black out or remove parts of a document while leaving the remainder.


lexentry: eng/redact__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: redact
trans_list: redagować | zredagować
sense:
To reduce to form, as literary matter; to digest and put in shape (matter for publication); to edit. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/redaction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: redaction
trans_list: cenzura
sense:
(countable) An edited or censored version of a document; a product resulting from the process of editing or censoring.


lexentry: eng/redneck__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: redneck
trans_list: burak
sense:
(slang, US, usually, pejorative, offensive, ethnic slur) A poor, rural, usually white, person from the Southern United States or parts of the Midwest and Northeast, especially one whose beliefs are seen as unsophisticated and backward; sometimes with additional connotations of being bigoted.


lexentry: eng/redound__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: redound
trans_list: prowadzić
sense:
(obsolete, intransitive) To swell up (of water, waves etc.); to overflow, to surge (of bodily fluids). [14th–19th c.]


lexentry: eng/redound__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: redound
trans_list: doganiać
sense:
(intransitive) To attach, come back, accrue to someone; to reflect back on or upon someone (of honour, shame etc.). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/redox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: redox
trans_list: reakcja redoks
sense:
(rare) (chemistry) A reaction in which an oxidation and a reduction occur simultaneously; a reaction in which electrons are transferred.


lexentry: eng/redpoll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: redpoll
trans_list: czeczotka
sense:
Any of various finches in the genus Acanthis (syn. Carduelis), which have characteristic red markings on their heads.


lexentry: eng/redress__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: redress
trans_list: rekompensata
sense:
A setting right, as of injury, oppression, or wrong, such as the redress of grievances; hence, indemnification; relief; remedy; reparation.


lexentry: eng/redshift__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: redshift
trans_list: przesunięcie ku czerwieni
sense:
(physics, :, astronomy, relativity) An increase in the wavelength of a photon or of light, corresponding to a lower frequency and a shift toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum.


lexentry: eng/redstart__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: redstart
trans_list: pleszka
sense:
Any of various insectivorous ground-feeding birds, mainly of the genus Phoenicurus. Many of the species have a red tail.


lexentry: eng/reduce__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reduce
trans_list: zmniejszać | obniżać | obniżyć | zmniejszyć
sense:
(transitive) To bring down the size, quantity, quality, value or intensity of something; to diminish, to lower.


lexentry: eng/reducing_agent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reducing agent
trans_list: reduktor
sense:
(chemistry) Any substance that reduces, or donates electrons to, another; in so doing, it becomes oxidized.


lexentry: eng/reduction__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: reduction
trans_list: redukcja
sense:
(chemistry) A reaction in which electrons are gained and valence is reduced; often by the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.


lexentry: eng/reduction__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: reduction
trans_list: redukcja
sense:
(computability theory) A transformation of one problem into another problem, such as mapping reduction or polynomial-time reduction.


lexentry: eng/reduction__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: reduction
trans_list: redukcja
sense:
(medicine) A medical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment, usually with a closed approach but sometimes with an open approach (surgery).


lexentry: eng/redundancy__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: redundancy
trans_list: rozwlekłość
sense:
Duplication of components or circuits to provide survival of the total system in case of failure of single components.


lexentry: eng/redwing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: redwing
trans_list: droździk
sense:
A small thrush, Turdus iliacus, native to Eurasia, with a white eye stripe and red under-wing feathers.


lexentry: eng/reed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reed
trans_list: trzcina
sense:
(countable) Any of various types of tall stiff perennial grass-like plants growing together in groups near water.


lexentry: eng/reed__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: reed
trans_list: stroik | instrument drewniany
sense:
(countable, music) Part of an aerophone musical instrument, comprising a thin piece of wood or metal, which vibrates to produce sound when air passes through it.


lexentry: eng/reed_bunting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reed bunting
trans_list: potrzos
sense:
A passerine bird, Emberiza schoeniclus, sparrow-sized but slim and with a long, deeply notched tail.


lexentry: eng/reed_switch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reed switch
trans_list: kontaktron
sense:
An electrical switch operated by an applied magnetic field that causes two flexible metal reeds to come into contact.


lexentry: eng/reed_warbler__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reed warbler
trans_list: trzcinniczek
sense:
A warbler, of species of Acrocephalus scirpaceus in family Acrocephalidae, native to Eurasia and Africa. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/reef__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reef
trans_list: refować
sense:
(nautical) To take in part of a sail in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind.


lexentry: eng/reel__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: reel
trans_list: rolka
sense:
(social media, sometimes, capitalized) A chronological collection of pictures or short videos published by a user on an app or website and typically only available for a short period.


lexentry: eng/reference__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: reference
trans_list: referencja
sense:
(computing) An object containing information which refers to data stored elsewhere, as opposed to containing the data itself.


lexentry: eng/reference_work__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reference work
trans_list: informator | poradnik | vademecum
sense:
A compendium of information which is not generally intended to be read from beginning to end but rather consulted on a spot basis, and is compiled for ease of reference; especially, a reference book, whether in print, digital, or both.


lexentry: eng/referendum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: referendum
trans_list: referendum
sense:
(politics) A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment. (The adposition on is usually used before the related subject of the vote.)


lexentry: eng/referent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: referent
trans_list: desygnat
sense:
(semantics) The specific entity in the world that a word or phrase identifies or denotes: what it refers to.


lexentry: eng/referral__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: referral
trans_list: skierowanie
sense:
The act or process of transferring someone or something to another, of sending by reference, or referring.


lexentry: eng/reflector__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: reflector
trans_list: odblask
sense:
A small, often red, reflecting disk on the rear of a vehicle or bicycle that reflects the headlights of other vehicles.


lexentry: eng/reflex__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: reflex
trans_list: kontynuant
sense:
(linguistics) The descendant of an earlier language element, such as a word or phoneme, in a daughter language.


lexentry: eng/reflexive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: reflexive
trans_list: zwrotny
sense:
(mathematics) Of a relation R on a set S, such that xRx for all members x of S (that is, the relation holds between any element of the set and itself).


lexentry: eng/reflux__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: reflux
trans_list: wykroplina
sense:
(chemistry) A technique, using a reflux condenser, allowing one to boil the contents of a vessel over an extended period.


lexentry: eng/reform__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reform
trans_list: reforma
sense:
The change of something that is defective, broken, inefficient or otherwise negative, in order to correct or improve it


lexentry: eng/reform__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reform
trans_list: reformować | zreformować
sense:
(transitive) To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better.


lexentry: eng/reformed__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reformed
trans_list: reformowany
sense:
Corrected; amended; restored to purity or excellence; said, specifically, of the whole body of Protestant churches originating in the Reformation, or, in a more restricted sense, of those who separated from Martin Luther on the doctrine of consubstantiation, etc., and carried the Reformation, as they claimed, to a higher point.


lexentry: eng/refract__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: refract
trans_list: zrywać
sense:
(transitive, optics) To cause (light) to change direction as a result of entering a different medium.


lexentry: eng/refraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: refraction
trans_list: refrakcja
sense:
(physics) The turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density.


lexentry: eng/refrain__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: refrain
trans_list: powstrzymać | powstrzymać się | powstrzymywać | powstrzymywać się
sense:
(intransitive, with preposition "from") To stop oneself from some action or interference; to abstain; to eschew [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/refrigerant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: refrigerant
trans_list: napój bezalkoholowy
sense:
A substance used in a heat cycle that undergoes a phase change between gas and liquid to allow the cooling, as in refrigerators, air conditioners, etc.


lexentry: eng/refrigerator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: refrigerator
trans_list: lodówka | chłodziarka
sense:
A household or commercial appliance used for keeping food fresh by refrigeration (short form fridge).


lexentry: eng/refuge_island__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: refuge island
trans_list: azyl
sense:
A raised platform or other protective barrier in the middle of a street crossing, allowing pedestrians to pause safely in the middle of the road.


lexentry: eng/refugee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: refugee
trans_list: uchodźca | uchodźczyni
sense:
(attributive, also, figurative) A person seeking refuge (as for shelter or protection), especially in a foreign country, out of fear or prospect of political, religious persecution, war, natural disaster, etc. [from 1680s]


lexentry: eng/refugium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: refugium
trans_list: ostoja
sense:
Any local environment that has escaped regional ecological change and therefore provides a habitat for endangered species.


lexentry: eng/refurbish__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: refurbish
trans_list: odnawiać | odświeżać
sense:
(transitive) To rebuild or replenish with all new material; to restore to original (or better) working order and appearance.


lexentry: eng/regal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: regal
trans_list: regał
sense:
(musical instruments) A small, portable organ whose sound is produced by brass beating reeds without amplifying resonators. Its tone is keen and rich in harmonics. The regal was common in the 16th and 17th centuries, and has been revived for the performance of music from those times.


lexentry: eng/regalia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: regalia
trans_list: regalia
sense:
Royal rights, prerogatives and privileges actually enjoyed by any sovereign, regardless of his title (emperor, grand duke etc.).


lexentry: eng/regalia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: regalia
trans_list: regalia
sense:
The emblems, symbols, or paraphernalia indicative of royalty or any other sovereign status; such as a crown, orb, sceptre or sword.


lexentry: eng/regency__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: regency
trans_list: regencja
sense:
A system of government that substitutes for the reign of a king or queen when that king or queen becomes unable to rule.


lexentry: eng/regent__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: regent
trans_list: regent | regentka
sense:
One who rules in place of the monarch, especially because the monarch is too young, absent, or disabled. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/reggae__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reggae
trans_list: reggae
sense:
(Rastafari, music genre) A music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s and is heavily associated with Rastafarianism, featuring a heavy bass line and percussive rhythm guitar on the offbeat, often with close vocal harmonies.


lexentry: eng/regime__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: regime
trans_list: reżim | reżym | ustrój
sense:
A form of government, or the government in power, particularly an authoritarian or totalitarian one.


lexentry: eng/regime_change__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: regime change
trans_list: transformacja ustrojowa
sense:
(politics, geopolitics) The overthrow of a government that is considered an illegitimate regime by means of external force (especially military might), and its replacement with a new government according to the concept of political legitimacy promoted by that force.


lexentry: eng/regimen__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: regimen
trans_list: dieta
sense:
(medicine) Any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial effects by gradual operation.


lexentry: eng/regiment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: regiment
trans_list: pułk | regiment
sense:
(military) A unit of armed troops under the command of an officer, and consisting of several smaller units. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/region__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: region
trans_list: region | okolica | obszar | rejon
sense:
Any considerable and connected part of a space or surface; specifically, a tract of land or sea of considerable but indefinite extent; a country; a district; in a broad sense, a place without special reference to location or extent but viewed as an entity for geographical, social or cultural reasons.


lexentry: eng/regionalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: regionalism
trans_list: regionalizm
sense:
(politics) The belief that most or nearly all political power should be decentralized to regional governments.


lexentry: eng/regionalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: regionalism
trans_list: regionalizm
sense:
(countable, linguistics) A word or phrase originating in, characteristic of, or limited to a region.


lexentry: eng/register__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: register
trans_list: rejestr
sense:
A certificate issued by the collector of customs of a port or district to the owner of a vessel, containing the description of a vessel, its name, ownership, and other material facts. It is kept on board the vessel, to be used as evidence of nationality or as a muniment of title.


lexentry: eng/register__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: register
trans_list: rejestr
sense:
(computing) A small unit of very fast memory that is directly accessible to the central processing unit, and is mostly used to store inputs, outputs, or intermediate results of computations.


lexentry: eng/register_office__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: register office
trans_list: urząd stanu cywilnego
sense:
(UK, Irish) The local office in which births, marriages and deaths are registered, and in which civil marriages are conducted and recorded.


lexentry: eng/registered__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: registered
trans_list: certyfikat
sense:
(mail service) Having a mailed item recorded in a register to enable its location to be tracked, sometimes with added insurance to cover loss.


lexentry: eng/registered_nurse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: registered nurse
trans_list: pielęgniarka
sense:
A professional nurse who is a licensed graduate of a university or college of nursing who has successfully passed an examination such as NCLEX-RN.


lexentry: eng/registry__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: registry
trans_list: rejestr
sense:
(countable, computing) A database of configuration settings etc. maintained by the Microsoft Windows operating system.


lexentry: eng/regolith__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: regolith
trans_list: regolit
sense:
(geology) The layer of loose rock, dust, sand, and soil, resting on the bedrock, that constitutes the surface layer of most dry land on Earth, the Moon, and other large solid aggregated celestial objects. Submarine regolith also exists.


lexentry: eng/regret__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: regret
trans_list: żal
sense:
Emotional pain on account of something done or experienced in the past, with a wish that it had been different; a looking back with dissatisfaction or with longing.


lexentry: eng/regret__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: regret
trans_list: żal
sense:
A person invited to an event who was unable to attend, but notified the organizer of this beforehand; a nonattendee.


lexentry: eng/regret__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: regret
trans_list: żałować
sense:
To feel sorry about (a thing that has or has not happened), afterthink: to wish that a thing had not happened, that something else had happened instead.


lexentry: eng/regular__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: regular
trans_list: foremny
sense:
(geometry, of a polygon) Both equilateral and equiangular; having all sides of the same length, and all (corresponding) angles of the same size [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/regular__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: regular
trans_list: foremny
sense:
(geometry, of a polyhedron) Whose faces are all congruent regular polygons, equally inclined to each other.


lexentry: eng/regular__Adjective__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: regular
trans_list: regularny
sense:
(grammar, of a verb, plural, etc) Following a set or common pattern; according to the normal rules of a given language. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/regular_expression__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: regular expression
trans_list: wyrażenie regularne
sense:
(comptheory) A concise description of a regular formal language with notations for concatenation, alternation, and iteration (repetition) of subexpressions.


lexentry: eng/regular_polygon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: regular polygon
trans_list: wielokąt foremny
sense:
(geometry) A polygon which is both equiangular and equilateral (i.e. having all sides the same length and all interior angles the same).


lexentry: eng/regular_verb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: regular verb
trans_list: czasownik regularny
sense:
(grammar) A verb which conjugates regularly. In English, a verb which uses an -ed suffix to form its past participle.


lexentry: eng/regulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: regulation
trans_list: przepis
sense:
(countable) A law or administrative rule, issued by an organization, used to guide or prescribe the conduct of members of that organization.


lexentry: eng/regulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: regulation
trans_list: rozporządzenie
sense:
(European Union law) A form of legislative act which is self-effecting, and requires no further intervention by the Member States to become law.


lexentry: eng/regulator__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: regulator
trans_list: regulator
sense:
A person or group that sets standards of practice, especially regulatory law as sanctioned by statutory law.


lexentry: eng/rehabilitate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rehabilitate
trans_list: rehabilitować | zrehabilitować
sense:
(transitive) To restore (someone) to their former state, reputation, possessions, status etc. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/rehabilitate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: rehabilitate
trans_list: rehabilitować | zrehabilitować
sense:
(transitive) To vindicate; to restore the reputation or image of (a person, concept etc.). [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/rehabilitate__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: rehabilitate
trans_list: rehabilitować | zrehabilitować
sense:
(transitive, medicine) To return (someone) to good health after illness, addiction, etc. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/rehearsal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rehearsal
trans_list: próba
sense:
The practising of something which is to be performed before an audience, usually to test or improve the interaction between several participating people, or to allow technical adjustments with respect to staging to be done.


lexentry: eng/reheat__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reheat
trans_list: grzać
sense:
(transitive) To heat something after it has cooled off, especially previously cooked food (also in figurative senses).


lexentry: eng/reincarnate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reincarnate
trans_list: wskrzesić | wskrzeszać
sense:
(ambitransitive) To be, or cause to be, reborn, especially in a different body or as a different species.


lexentry: eng/reindeer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reindeer
trans_list: renifer | karibu
sense:
(plural: reindeer) Any Arctic and subarctic-dwelling deer of the species Rangifer tarandus, with a number of subspecies.


lexentry: eng/reinsurance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reinsurance
trans_list: reasekuracja
sense:
(business, insurance) Insurance purchased by insurance companies that spreads the risk associated with selling insurance around so the danger of one large monetary loss is minimized.


lexentry: eng/reinvent_the_wheel__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reinvent the wheel
trans_list: na nowo odkryć koło | wynajdywać koło na nowo
sense:
(idiomatic) To do work unnecessarily when it has already been done satisfactorily by others; to attempt to devise a solution to a problem when a solution already exists.


lexentry: eng/reism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reism
trans_list: reizm
sense:
(philosophy) A form of concretism stating that (i) every object is a body and (ii) no object is a state or relation, or property.


lexentry: eng/relation__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: relation
trans_list: relacja
sense:
(mathematics) A statement of equality of two products of generators, used in the presentation of a group.


lexentry: eng/relational_database__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: relational database
trans_list: relacyjna baza danych
sense:
(databases) A database consisting of separate tables, having explicitly defined relationships, and whose elements may be selectively combined as the results of queries.


lexentry: eng/relative_clause__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: relative clause
trans_list: zdanie względne
sense:
(grammar) A subordinate clause that modifies or gives further information about a noun or sometimes whole statement; in English, may be introduced by a relative pronoun (sometimes optional) such as that, which or who.


lexentry: eng/relative_pitch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: relative pitch
trans_list: słuch relatywny
sense:
(music, uncountable) The ability to identify or create a given note by comparing it with a reference note and discerning the interval between those two notes.


lexentry: eng/relative_pronoun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: relative pronoun
trans_list: zaimek względny
sense:
(grammar) A pronoun that introduces a relative clause and refers to an antecedent. In English, some words that can be used as interrogative pronouns can alternatively be used as relative pronouns: which, who, whose, whom and (non-standard) what. The other English relative pronouns are whoever, whomever, whatever, and that.


lexentry: eng/relativism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: relativism
trans_list: relatywizm
sense:
(uncountable, philosophy) The theory, especially in ethics or aesthetics, that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them.


lexentry: eng/relativity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: relativity
trans_list: względność
sense:
(uncountable) The state of being relative to something else; the absence of universally applicable rules or standards; relativism; (countable) an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/relativity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: relativity
trans_list: względność
sense:
(uncountable, physics) Ellipsis of principle of relativity (“the principle that the laws of physics should be the same for all observers”).


lexentry: eng/relaxation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: relaxation
trans_list: relaksacja | relaks
sense:
The act of relaxing or the state of being relaxed; the opposite of stress or tension; the aim of recreation and leisure activities.


lexentry: eng/relay__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: relay
trans_list: sztafeta
sense:
(athletics) A track and field discipline where runners take turns in carrying a baton from start to finish. The most common events are 4×100 meter and 4×400 meter competitions. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/relay__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: relay
trans_list: sztafeta
sense:
(sports) A competition between teams where members of a team take turns completing parts of a course or performing a certain action.


lexentry: eng/relay__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: relay
trans_list: przekaźnik
sense:
(electronics) An electrical actuator that allows a relatively small electrical voltage or current to control a larger voltage or current. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/relay_race__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: relay race
trans_list: bieg rozstawny | sztafeta
sense:
(sports) A sports contest where the members of a team take turns e.g. swimming, running or skiing parts of a circuit.


lexentry: eng/release__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: release
trans_list: wyzwolenie
sense:
The event of setting (someone or something) free (e.g. hostages, slaves, prisoners, caged animals, hooked or stuck mechanisms).


lexentry: eng/release__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: release
trans_list: wydanie | wersja
sense:
(software) The distribution, either public or private, of an initial or new and upgraded version of a computer software product.


lexentry: eng/relegation_zone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: relegation zone
trans_list: strefa spadkowa
sense:
(sports) The bottom part of e.g. a sports table, listing how well teams have played over a period of time. All teams that end up in the relegation zone are relegated.


lexentry: eng/relent__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: relent
trans_list: ustępować
sense:
(dated, intransitive, of substance) To become less rigid or hard; to soften; to yield, for example by dissolving or melting


lexentry: eng/relevance_conditional__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: relevance conditional
trans_list: zdanie podrzędne związku
sense:
(logic, grammar) A subordinate clause, usually introduced by if, that asserts the relevance of the clause to the main clause of the sentence, but not that it entails the main clause; a construction involving such a clause.


lexentry: eng/relict__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: relict
trans_list: relikt
sense:
(formal) Something that, or someone who, survives or remains or is left over after the loss of others; a relic.


lexentry: eng/relief__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: relief
trans_list: relief
sense:
(uncountable) A method of sculpture or other artwork in which shapes or figures protrude from a flat background.


lexentry: eng/relief__Noun__2
sense_num: 06
written_rep: relief
trans_list: relief
sense:
(heraldry) The supposed projection of a charge from the surface of a field, indicated by shading on the sinister and lower sides.


lexentry: eng/relieve__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: relieve
trans_list: ulżyć
sense:
(transitive) To ease (a person, person's thoughts etc.) from mental distress; to stop (someone) feeling anxious or worried, to alleviate the distress of. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/relieve__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: relieve
trans_list: ulżyć | odciążać | odciążyć
sense:
(transitive) To ease (someone, a part of the body etc.) or give relief from physical pain or discomfort. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/relieve__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: relieve
trans_list: ulżyć
sense:
(transitive) To provide comfort or assistance to (someone in need, especially in poverty). [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/religion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: religion
trans_list: religia
sense:
(uncountable) Belief in a spiritual or metaphysical reality (often including at least one deity), accompanied by practices or rituals pertaining to the belief.


lexentry: eng/religious__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: religious
trans_list: zakonnica | zakonnik
sense:
A member of a religious order, congregation, or certain other forms of consecrated life, i.e. a monk, nun, sister, brother, friar, or other religious priest.


lexentry: eng/religious_order__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: religious order
trans_list: zakon
sense:
(religion) An organized community of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with their specific religious devotion, usually characterized by the principles of the founder's religious practice.


lexentry: eng/remain__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: remain
trans_list: pozostawać | pozostać
sense:
To continue unchanged in place, form, or condition, or undiminished in quantity; to abide; to stay; to endure; to last.


lexentry: eng/remainder__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: remainder
trans_list: reszta
sense:
(mathematics) The amount left over after subtracting the divisor as many times as possible from the dividend without producing a negative result. If n (dividend) and d (divisor) are integers, then n can always be expressed in the form n = dq + r, where q (quotient) and r (remainder) are also integers and 0 ≤ r &#60; d.


lexentry: eng/remark__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: remark
trans_list: zauważyć
sense:
(transitive, with clause as object) To express in words or writing; to state, as an observation. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/remembrance__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: remembrance
trans_list: pamięć
sense:
That which serves to keep in or bring to mind; a memento, a memorial, a souvenir, a token; a memorandum or note of something to be remembered.


lexentry: eng/remembrance__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: remembrance
trans_list: pamięć
sense:
The power of remembering; the reach of personal knowledge; the period over which one's memory extends.


lexentry: eng/remind__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: remind
trans_list: przypominać | przypomnieć
sense:
(transitive) To cause one to experience a memory (of someone or something); to bring to the notice or consideration (of a person).


lexentry: eng/remiss__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: remiss
trans_list: luźny
sense:
Not energetic or exact in duty or business; careless; tardy; slack; hence, lacking earnestness or activity; languid; slow.


lexentry: eng/remission__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: remission
trans_list: remisja
sense:
(medicine) An abatement or lessening of the manifestations of a disease; a period where the symptoms of a disease are absent.


lexentry: eng/remonstrate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: remonstrate
trans_list: protestować | zaprotestować
sense:
(transitive, often with an object consisting of direct speech or a clause beginning with that) To state or plead as an objection, formal protest, or expression of disapproval.


lexentry: eng/remora__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: remora
trans_list: podnawka | remora | ssacz | tarczygłów | trzymonaw | trzymonawka
sense:
Any of various elongate fish from the family Echeneidae, the dorsal fin of which is in the form of a suction disc that can take a firm hold against the skin of larger marine animals. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/remote_control__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: remote control
trans_list: pilot
sense:
(countable) A device used to operate an appliance (such as a television, vehicle, or mechanical toy) from a short distance away.


lexentry: eng/removal__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: removal
trans_list: zwolnienie
sense:
(Ireland) An evening funeral ritual in which the coffin holding the deceased is brought, usually from a funeral home, to the church where the funeral mass will be celebrated the following day. Prayers are said before and after the journey, after which mourners are typically received at the home of the deceased.


lexentry: eng/renal_corpuscle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: renal corpuscle
trans_list: ciałko nerkowe
sense:
(anatomy) the blood-filtering structure at the beginning of a vertebrate nephron, consisting of a glomerulus and a Bowman's capsule.


lexentry: eng/rendering__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: rendering
trans_list: renderowanie
sense:
(computer graphics) The process of producing an image from an internal model, or the image thus produced.


lexentry: eng/rendition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rendition
trans_list: interpretacja
sense:
An interpretation or performance of an artwork, especially a musical score or musical work. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/renew__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: renew
trans_list: odnawiać
sense:
(transitive) To make (something) new again; to restore to freshness or original condition. [from 14thc.]


lexentry: eng/renewable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: renewable
trans_list: odnawialny
sense:
(of a resource) Sustainable; able to be regrown or renewed; having an ongoing or continuous source of supply.


lexentry: eng/renewable_energy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: renewable energy
trans_list: energia odnawialna
sense:
Energy that is collected from renewable resources, such as wind, water, or the sun, usually and especially as applied to a category of electrical generation.


lexentry: eng/rennet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rennet
trans_list: podpuszczka | klag
sense:
An enzyme used as the first step in making cheese, to curdle the milk and coagulate the casein in it, derived by soaking the fourth stomach of a milk-fed calf in brine.


lexentry: eng/renounce__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: renounce
trans_list: porzucać
sense:
(transitive) To abandon, forsake, discontinue (an action, habit, intention, etc), sometimes by open declaration.


lexentry: eng/rent-seeking__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rent-seeking
trans_list: pogoń za rentą
sense:
(economics) The attempt to profit by manipulating the economic or political environment, for example, by seeking governmental action that restricts entry into a market.


lexentry: eng/rent__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: rent
trans_list: wypożyczać | wypożyczyć
sense:
(transitive) To obtain or have temporary possession of an object (e.g. a movie) in exchange for money.


lexentry: eng/rent_control__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rent control
trans_list: kontrola czynszów
sense:
A limit set by a state, especially without mediating between landlords and tenants, for how much rent a landlord may charge.


lexentry: eng/rentier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rentier
trans_list: rentier | rentierka
sense:
An individual who receives an income, usually interest, rent, dividends, capital gains, or profits from his or her assets and investments.


lexentry: eng/reparation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reparation
trans_list: odszkodowanie
sense:
(usually, in the plural) A payment of time, effort or money to compensate for past transgression(s).


lexentry: eng/repatriate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: repatriate
trans_list: repatriant | repatriantka
sense:
A person who has returned to their country of origin or whose original citizenship has been restored.


lexentry: eng/repechage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: repechage
trans_list: repasaż | repesaż
sense:
(sports, countable) A heat (as in rowing or fencing) in which the best competitors who have lost in a previous round compete for a place or places yet left in the next round.


lexentry: eng/repent__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: repent
trans_list: kajać się
sense:
(intransitive) To feel pain, sorrow, or regret for what one has done or omitted to do; the cause for repenting may be indicated with "of".


lexentry: eng/repent__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: repent
trans_list: skrucha
sense:
(theology, intransitive) To be sorry for sin as morally evil, and to seek forgiveness; to cease to practice sin and to love.


lexentry: eng/repertoire__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: repertoire
trans_list: repertuar
sense:
A list of dramas, operas, pieces, parts, etc., which a company or a person has rehearsed and is prepared to perform or display.


lexentry: eng/repetition__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: repetition
trans_list: powtórka | repetycja
sense:
(weightlifting) : The act of performing a single, controlled exercise motion. A group of repetitions is a set.


lexentry: eng/repetitive_strain_injury__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: repetitive strain injury
trans_list: RSI
sense:
(pathology) injury to muscles and tendons caused by continuous repetitive use of particular muscle groups, especially in one's arms and hands, for example by using a keyboard and/or mouse, playing a musical instrument or working on an assembly line


lexentry: eng/reply__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reply
trans_list: odpowiadać | odpowiedzieć
sense:
(transitive, intransitive) To give a written or spoken response, especially to a question, request, accusation or criticism; to answer.


lexentry: eng/report__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: report
trans_list: raport | sprawozdanie
sense:
A piece of information describing, or an account of certain events given or presented to someone, with the most common adpositions being by (referring to creator of the report) and on (referring to the subject).


lexentry: eng/report__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: report
trans_list: raportować | sprawozdawać | sprawozdać | zaraportować
sense:
(formal, transitive) To notify someone of (particular intelligence, suspicions, illegality, misconduct etc.); to make notification to relevant authorities; to submit a formal report of. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/report__Verb__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: report
trans_list: raportować | sprawozdawać | sprawozdać | zaraportować
sense:
(intransitive) To be accountable to or subordinate to (someone) in a hierarchy; to receive orders from (someone); to give official updates to (someone who is above oneself in a hierarchy).


lexentry: eng/report_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: report card
trans_list: świadectwo szkolne
sense:
(education) A document, on cardboard or plain paper, indicating the grades that a student has earned, issued at the end of a term of a regular period.


lexentry: eng/reported_speech__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reported speech
trans_list: mowa pośrednia | mowa zależna
sense:
(grammar, narratology) A form of speech used to express what another has said, often involving a change in tense.


lexentry: eng/repose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: repose
trans_list: spoczynek | wypoczynek
sense:
(uncountable) Temporary cessation from activity to rest and recover, especially in the form of sleep; rest; (countable) an instance of this; a break, a rest; a sleep.


lexentry: eng/repository__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: repository
trans_list: repozytorium
sense:
(archiving, computing) A storage location for files, such as downloadable software packages, or files in a source control system.


lexentry: eng/represent__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: represent
trans_list: reprezentować
sense:
(transitive) To present again or anew; to present by means of something standing in the place of; to exhibit the counterpart or image of; to typify.


lexentry: eng/represent__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: represent
trans_list: reprezentować
sense:
(transitive) To stand or act in the place of; to perform the duties, exercise the rights, or otherwise act on behalf of


lexentry: eng/represent__Verb__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: represent
trans_list: reprezentować
sense:
(intransitive, AAVE) To constitute a good example or symbol of a group of people; to acquit oneself well.


lexentry: eng/representative__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: representative
trans_list: reprezentant | przedstawiciel | przedstawicielka | reprezentantka
sense:
One who speaks for or acts on behalf of another in a particular (especially official) capacity. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/representative_democracy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: representative democracy
trans_list: demokracja pośrednia
sense:
(politics) A policy under the rule of people acting on the behalf of and, to a lesser extent, in the interests of the voting blocks by which they were elected.


lexentry: eng/repression__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: repression
trans_list: represja
sense:
(psychology) The involuntary rejection from consciousness of painful or disagreeable ideas, memories, feelings, or impulses.


lexentry: eng/reprint__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reprint
trans_list: dodruk | przedruk
sense:
A book, pamphlet or other printed matter that has been published once before but is now being released again.


lexentry: eng/reprise__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: reprise
trans_list: repryza
sense:
(music) A repetition of a phrase, a return to an earlier theme, or a second rendition or version of a song in a programme or musical.


lexentry: eng/reproductive_system__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reproductive system
trans_list: układ rozrodczy
sense:
(anatomy) The system of organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction.


lexentry: eng/reprove__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: reprove
trans_list: ganić
sense:
(transitive) To criticise, rebuke or reprimand (someone), usually in a gentle and kind tone. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/reptile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reptile
trans_list: gad
sense:
(informal) Any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia that is not a bird, usually egg-laying and scaled. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/republic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: republic
trans_list: republika | rzeczpospolita
sense:
A state where sovereignty rests with the people or their representatives, rather than with a monarch or emperor; a country with no monarchy.


lexentry: eng/republic__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: republic
trans_list: republika | rzeczpospolita
sense:
(archaic) A state, which may or may not be a monarchy, in which the executive and legislative branches of government are separate.


lexentry: eng/republican__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: republican
trans_list: republikański
sense:
Advocating or supporting a republic as a form of government, advocating or supporting republicanism. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/republicanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: republicanism
trans_list: republikanizm
sense:
The political ideology of being a citizen in a state as a republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty.


lexentry: eng/request_stop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: request stop
trans_list: przystanek na żądanie
sense:
A location at which public transport does not ordinarily stop, but will do so if specifically requested by a passenger.


lexentry: eng/requirement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: requirement
trans_list: potrzeba
sense:
A necessity or prerequisite; something required or obligatory. Its adpositions are generally of in relation to who or what has given it, on in relation to whom or what it is given to, and for in relation to what is required.


lexentry: eng/requite__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: requite
trans_list: odpowiadać
sense:
To repay (someone) a debt owed; specifically, to recompense or reward (someone) for a favour, a service rendered, etc.


lexentry: eng/rescind__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rescind
trans_list: anulować | cofnąć
sense:
(transitive) To repeal, annul, or declare void; to take (something such as a rule or contract) out of effect.


lexentry: eng/rescript__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: rescript
trans_list: reskrypt
sense:
(historical, _, law) A clarification of a point of law by a monarch issued upon formal consultation by a lower magistrate.


lexentry: eng/rescript__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: rescript
trans_list: reskrypt
sense:
(canon law) An ad hoc reply of a pope to some specific question of canon law or morality, without precedential force, sometimes (improper) inclusive of decretals which serve as precedents in canon law.


lexentry: eng/research__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: research
trans_list: badania | badanie naukowe
sense:
(uncountable, countable, _, in some dialects) Diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise facts, principles, theories, applications, etc. (that are currently available, or that are familiar to one's self).


lexentry: eng/reseda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reseda
trans_list: rezeda wonna
sense:
(botany) Any of various plants of the genus Reseda having small, pale grayish green flowers, such as dyer's rocket (Reseda luteola) and mignonette (Reseda odorata).


lexentry: eng/reseller__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reseller
trans_list: odsprzedawca | reseller
sense:
A company or individual that purchases goods or services with the intention of reselling them rather than consuming or using them.


lexentry: eng/resentment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: resentment
trans_list: ansa | resentyment
sense:
Anger or displeasure stemming from belief that one has been wronged or betrayed by others; indignation.


lexentry: eng/reserve__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: reserve
trans_list: rezerwat | rezerwowa | rezerwowy
sense:
(Canada) A tract of land set apart for the use of an Aboriginal group; Indian reserve (compare US reservation.)


lexentry: eng/reserve__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: reserve
trans_list: odwód | rezerwa
sense:
(military) A body of troops kept in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for an exigency.


lexentry: eng/reside__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: reside
trans_list: mieszkać | pomieszkać | zamieszkać | zamieszkiwać
sense:
To dwell permanently or for a considerable time; to have a settled abode for a time; to remain for a long time.


lexentry: eng/residue__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: residue
trans_list: osad
sense:
(chemistry) The substance that remains after evaporation, distillation, filtration or any similar process.


lexentry: eng/resign__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: resign
trans_list: rezygnować | zrezygnować
sense:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To voluntarily leave (a job or position), in particular a hard-fought position of high status. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/resilience__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: resilience
trans_list: odporność
sense:
(psychology, neuroscience) The mental ability to recover quickly from depression, illness or misfortune.


lexentry: eng/resilience__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: resilience
trans_list: sprężystość
sense:
(physics) The physical property of material that can resume its shape after being stretched or deformed; elasticity.


lexentry: eng/resin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: resin
trans_list: żywica
sense:
A viscous water-insoluble hydrocarbon exudate of certain plants, or such a substance as a component of a plant exudate; used in lacquers, varnishes and many other applications.


lexentry: eng/resistance__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: resistance
trans_list: ruch oporu | opór
sense:
An underground organisation engaged in a struggle for liberation from forceful occupation; a resistance movement.


lexentry: eng/resistance_band__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: resistance band
trans_list: taśma oporowa
sense:
A long piece of material of varying grades of tenacity used to produce targeted tension for a muscle workout.


lexentry: eng/resistant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: resistant
trans_list: odporny | oporny
sense:
Which is not affected or overcome by a disease, drug, chemical or atmospheric agent, extreme of temperature, etc.


lexentry: eng/resistivity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: resistivity
trans_list: rezystywność
sense:
(electricity) The resistance offered at a particular temperature by an electrical conductor of any given material in a cube of unit length, expressed in ohm-metres (Ωm) in the metric system of measurement.


lexentry: eng/resistor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: resistor
trans_list: opornik | rezystor
sense:
(electronics) An electric component that transmits current in direct proportion to the voltage across it.


lexentry: eng/resolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: resolution
trans_list: rozdzielczość
sense:
(computing, photography) The degree of fineness with which an image can be recorded or produced, often expressed as the number of pixels per unit of length (typically an inch).


lexentry: eng/resolve__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: resolve
trans_list: postanawiać | postanowić
sense:
(intransitive) To make a firm decision to do something. To become determined to reach a certain goal or take a certain action.


lexentry: eng/resolve__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: resolve
trans_list: rozwiązywać | rozwiązać
sense:
To cause to perceive or understand; to acquaint; to inform; to convince; to assure; to make certain.


lexentry: eng/resonance__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: resonance
trans_list: pogłos
sense:
(countable) A resonant sound, echo, or reverberation, such as that produced by blowing over the top of a bottle.


lexentry: eng/resonance__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: resonance
trans_list: rezonans
sense:
(astronomy) An influence of the gravitational forces of one orbiting object on the orbit of another, causing periodic perturbations.


lexentry: eng/resort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: resort
trans_list: kurort | uzdrowisko
sense:
A place where people go for recreation, especially one with facilities such as lodgings, entertainment, and a relaxing environment.


lexentry: eng/resound__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: resound
trans_list: rozbrzmiewać
sense:
To praise or spread the fame of (someone or something) with the voice or the sound of musical instruments; to celebrate, to extol; also, to declare (someone) to be a certain thing.


lexentry: eng/resound__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: resound
trans_list: rozbrzmiewać
sense:
Especially of a musical instrument: to make a (deep or reverberating) sound; also, to make sounds continuously.


lexentry: eng/resourceful__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: resourceful
trans_list: pomysłowy | zaradny
sense:
Capable or clever; able to put available resources to efficient or ingenious use; using materials at hand wisely or efficiently.


lexentry: eng/respectively__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: respectively
trans_list: odpowiednio
sense:
In a relative manner; often used when comparing array lists, where the term denotes that the items in the lists correspond to each other in the order they are given.


lexentry: eng/respiration__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: respiration
trans_list: oddychanie
sense:
The process by which cells obtain chemical energy by the consumption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.


lexentry: eng/respiratory_distress__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: respiratory distress
trans_list: niewydolność oddechowa
sense:
(medicine) The quality and symptom of having a heightened level of carbon dioxide in the blood stream; hypoxia.


lexentry: eng/respiratory_tract__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: respiratory tract
trans_list: drogi oddechowe
sense:
(anatomy) The passages, divided into an upper and a lower part, through which air enters and leaves the body, including the mouth, nose and nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and conducting bronchioles, sometimes further including the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli.


