# translation

lexentry: eng/horsefly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horsefly
trans_list: bąk
sense:
Any of several medium to large flies, of the family Tabanidae, that suck the blood of mammals (not to be confused with Stomoxys calcitrans, the stable fly, or dog fly).


lexentry: eng/horseshoe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horseshoe
trans_list: podkowa
sense:
The U-shaped shoe of a horse, now typically made of metal; by extension, a representation of this used to play the game horseshoes, hung as a luck charm, etc.


lexentry: eng/horseshoe_crab__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horseshoe crab
trans_list: mieczogon | ostrogon
sense:
Any extinct or extant chelicerate in the order Xiphosura, actually more related to arachnids than true crabs.


lexentry: eng/horsetail__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: horsetail
trans_list: skrzyp
sense:
(botany) Any of various simple vascular plants, of the order Equisetales, that have hollow stems and produce spores.


lexentry: eng/horsetrader__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horsetrader
trans_list: koniarz
sense:
(literally) A person who buys and sells horses, especially one who makes such transactions in a clever or skillful manner.


lexentry: eng/horst__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: horst
trans_list: zrąb tektoniczny
sense:
(geology) A block of the Earth's crust, bounded by faults, that has been raised relative to the surrounding area.


lexentry: eng/hosanna__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hosanna
trans_list: hosanna
sense:
A cry of praise or adoration to God in liturgical use among the Jews, and said to have been shouted in recognition of the Messiahship of Jesus on his entry into Jerusalem; hence since used in the Christian Church.


lexentry: eng/hospice__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hospice
trans_list: hospicjum
sense:
(uncountable) The provision of palliative care for terminally ill patients, either at a specialized facility or at a residence, and support for the family, typically refraining from taking extraordinary measures to prolong life.


lexentry: eng/hospital__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hospital
trans_list: szpital
sense:
A large medical facility, usually in a building with multiple floors, where seriously ill or injured patients are given extensive medical or surgical treatment.


lexentry: eng/hospitality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hospitality
trans_list: gościnność
sense:
The act or service of welcoming, receiving, hosting, or entertaining guests; an appropriate attitude of openness, respect, and generosity toward guests.


lexentry: eng/hospitality__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hospitality
trans_list: obsługa | obsługiwanie
sense:
(business) The business of providing catering, lodging and entertainment service; the industry which includes the operation of hotels, restaurants, and similar enterprises.


lexentry: eng/hospitalization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hospitalization
trans_list: hospitalizacja
sense:
The hospitalizing of a patient, the condition of being hospitalized, or the period a patient stays in hospital.


lexentry: eng/host__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: host
trans_list: żywiciel | gospodarz
sense:
(ecology) A cell or organism which harbors another organism or biological entity, usually a parasite.


lexentry: eng/hostage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hostage
trans_list: zakładnik | zakładniczka
sense:
A person given as a pledge or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or similar agreement, such as to ensure the status of a vassal.


lexentry: eng/hostel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hostel
trans_list: hostel
sense:
A commercial overnight lodging place, with dormitory accommodation and shared facilities, especially a youth hostel.


lexentry: eng/hostile__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hostile
trans_list: wrogi
sense:
Not friendly; appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence or a desire to thwart and injure.


lexentry: eng/hostler__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hostler
trans_list: parowozowy
sense:
(by extension, US) A railway worker employed to care for a locomotive or other large engine; especially, a yard jockey.


lexentry: eng/hot-air_balloon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hot-air balloon
trans_list: balon | balon na ogrzane powietrze
sense:
A balloon-shaped aircraft whose bag is inflated with hot air, carrying passengers and crew in a gondola slung underneath.


lexentry: eng/hot_air__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hot air
trans_list: gorący powietrze
sense:
(literal) Air that has been heated, especially so as to function as the lifting agent of a hot-air balloon.


lexentry: eng/hot_dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hot dog
trans_list: hot dog
sense:
A food item (dish) consisting of a frankfurter or wiener and (usually) a hot dog bun, with toppings such as ketchup, mustard, relish, sauerkraut, onions, cheese, etc.


lexentry: eng/hot_flush__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hot flush
trans_list: uderzenie gorąca
sense:
(UK, Canada, AU, NZ) A sudden, but brief, sensation of heat over the entire body; a common symptom of the menopause.


lexentry: eng/hot_tub__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hot tub
trans_list: jacuzzi
sense:
(chiefly, US) A large tub, often situated outdoors, filled with hot water and used for communal leisure bathing.


lexentry: eng/hot_water_bottle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hot water bottle
trans_list: termofor
sense:
A flexible, saclike bottle, usually made of rubber, intended to be filled with hot water and placed on some part of the body for thermotherapy, or simple warming.


lexentry: eng/hot_water_heater__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hot water heater
trans_list: boiler | piecyk elektryczny | piecyk gazowy | podgrzewacz wody | terma
sense:
An apparatus, usually fuel-burning, electric or solar-powered, in which water is heated to be used directly as domestic hot water or process hot water (but not for supplying space heating, calorifiers etc, for which a boiler or furnace is used).


lexentry: eng/hotbed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hotbed
trans_list: inspekt
sense:
A low bed of earth covered with glass, and heated with rotting manure, used for the germination of seeds and the growth of tender plants, like a miniature hothouse.


lexentry: eng/hotbed__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hotbed
trans_list: siedlisko | wylęgarnia | zarzewie
sense:
(by extension) An environment that is ideal for the growth or development of something, especially of something undesirable.


lexentry: eng/hotchpot__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hotchpot
trans_list: remis
sense:
(civil law, inheritance) The blending together of property so as to achieve equal division, mainly in the case of inheritance.


lexentry: eng/hotel__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hotel
trans_list: hotel
sense:
An establishment that provides accommodation and other services for paying guests; normally larger than a guesthouse, and often one of a chain. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/hound's_tongue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hound's tongue
trans_list: ostrzeń
sense:
A biennial weed (Cynoglossum officinale) with soft tongue-shaped leaves and an offensive odour. It bears nutlets covered with barbed or hooked prickles.


lexentry: eng/hour__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: hour
trans_list: godzina
sense:
(Christianity, in the plural) The set times of prayer, the canonical hours, the offices or services prescribed for these, or a book containing them.


lexentry: eng/house__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: house
trans_list: izba | dom
sense:
A building used for something other than a residence (typically with qualifying word). [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/house__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: house
trans_list: dom
sense:
A place of business; a company or organisation, especially a printing press, a publishing company, or a couturier. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/house__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: house
trans_list: dom
sense:
A place of public accommodation or entertainment, especially a public house, an inn, a restaurant, a theatre, or a casino; or the management thereof. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/house__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: house
trans_list: izba | dom
sense:
(politics) A building where a deliberative assembly meets; whence the assembly itself, particularly a component of a legislature. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/house__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: house
trans_list: dom | ród
sense:
A dynasty; a family with its ancestors and descendants, especially a royal or noble one. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/house_arrest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: house arrest
trans_list: areszt domowy
sense:
(legal) Confinement of a person to his or her residence, sometimes with a limited travel allowance, ordered by a judge or other authority as a more lenient alternative to imprisonment.


lexentry: eng/house_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: house music
trans_list: house
sense:
(music genre) A particular type of electronic dance music with an uptempo beat and recurring kickdrum.


lexentry: eng/house_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: house number
trans_list: numer domu
sense:
The number (street address) assigned to a particular house to distinguish it from other buildings on the same street.


lexentry: eng/house_sparrow__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: house sparrow
trans_list: wróbel | wróbel zwyczajny
sense:
A bird of the species Passer domesticus, native to much of Eurasia, introduced in many other temperate environments.


lexentry: eng/household_goods__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: household goods
trans_list: artykuły użytku domowego
sense:
Collectively, products destined for use in the house, for example, for cleaning, cooking, eating, home entertainment, personal hygiene, sleeping, and general upkeep.


lexentry: eng/housekeeper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: housekeeper
trans_list: gosposia | pomoc domowa
sense:
Someone (traditionally a woman) employed to look after the home, typically by managing domestic servants or superintending household management; also someone with equivalent duties in a hotel, institution etc. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/housemaid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: housemaid
trans_list: sprzątaczka
sense:
A female domestic worker attached to the non-servant quarter part of the house, as opposed to a scullery maid.


lexentry: eng/houseplant__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: houseplant
trans_list: roślina domowa | roślina doniczkowa
sense:
A variety of plant that is especially suited to such cultivation, or that is frequently grown in such settings.


lexentry: eng/housewife__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: housewife
trans_list: gospodyni domowa | pani domu
sense:
(plural "housewives") The wife of a householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a household.


lexentry: eng/housing_estate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: housing estate
trans_list: osiedle | osiedle mieszkaniowe
sense:
A group of often architecturally similar buildings constructed at the same time, primarily for residential accommodation.


lexentry: eng/hovercraft__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hovercraft
trans_list: poduszkowiec
sense:
(vehicle, genericized trademark) A vehicle supported on a cushion of air, able to traverse many different types of terrain and travel over water, used for transport.


lexentry: eng/hoverfly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hoverfly
trans_list: bzyg
sense:
Any of various flies from the family Syrphidae that hover in the air and feed on the nectar of flowers.


lexentry: eng/how__Adverb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: how
trans_list: jak | ale
sense:
(exclamative) Used as a modifier to indicate surprise, delight, or other strong feelings in an exclamation.


lexentry: eng/how_about_that__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: how about that
trans_list: no proszęǃ
sense:
(rhetorical question) A general statement of surprise or bemusement with regard to a particular event.; isn't that good, or unexpected, etc.


lexentry: eng/how_are_you__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: how are you
trans_list: co u ciebie? | co u was?
sense:
(idiomatic) An informal greeting, not requiring a literal response. In form a question, and thus followed by a question mark. Typical responses include:


lexentry: eng/how_do_you_do__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: how do you do
trans_list: jak leci | jak się macie | jak się masz | jak tam
sense:
(formal, dated) A greeting used upon being introduced to someone. Alternatives are how are you, pleased to meet you, and nice to meet you. (Sometimes used as a rhetorical question among familiar parties, depending on the region).


lexentry: eng/howitzer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: howitzer
trans_list: haubica
sense:
A cannon that combines certain characteristics of field guns and mortars, delivering projectiles with medium velocities, usually with relatively high trajectories; normally a cannon with a tube length of 20 to 30 calibers.


lexentry: eng/huangjiu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: huangjiu
trans_list: huangjiu
sense:
A class of Chinese alcoholic beverages made from fermented grains including rice, millet, and wheat, typically 10–20% alcohol by volume.


lexentry: eng/hue_and_cry__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hue and cry
trans_list: protest | wrzawa
sense:
(by extension) A loud and persistent public clamour, especially one associated with protest or the making of some demand.


lexentry: eng/hug__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hug
trans_list: przytulenie | objęcie | obejmowanie
sense:
A close embrace, especially when charged with an emotion such as affection, joy, relief, lust, anger, aggression, compassion, and the like, as opposed to being characterized by formality, equivocation or ambivalence (a half-embrace or "little hug").


lexentry: eng/hugbox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hugbox
trans_list: hugbox
sense:
A therapeutic device designed to apply pressure to the body of a hypersensitive person (usually someone on the autism spectrum) in order to calm them by providing grounding sensory stimulation.


lexentry: eng/hugbox__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hugbox
trans_list: bańka informacyjna
sense:
(slang, derogatory, offensive) An environment which validates or reinforces a limited set of beliefs.


lexentry: eng/huh__Interjection__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: huh
trans_list: co | ha | hę
sense:
(slang, with falling pitch) Used either to belittle the issuer of a statement/question, or sarcastically to indicate utter agreement, and that the statement being responded to is an extreme understatement. The intonation is changed to distinguish between the two meanings - implied dullness for belittlement, and feigned surprise for utter agreement.


lexentry: eng/huhu_beetle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: huhu beetle
trans_list: chrząszcz huhu | huhu
sense:
A longhorn beetle, Prionoplus reticularis, of the Cerambycidae family; the largest endemic beetle found in New Zealand.


lexentry: eng/hula_hoop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hula hoop
trans_list: hula-hop
sense:
A toy in the form of a large hoop which is twirled around various parts of the body, especially the waist.


lexentry: eng/hull__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hull
trans_list: kadłub
sense:
(mathematics, geometry, of a set A) The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset.


lexentry: eng/hum__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hum
trans_list: nucić
sense:
(intransitive) To make a sound from the vocal cords without pronouncing any real words, with one's lips closed.


lexentry: eng/human__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human
trans_list: człowiek | ludzie | istota ludzka
sense:
(fantasy, scifi, mythology) A human as contrasted from superficially similar but typically more powerful humanoid creatures; a member of the human race.


lexentry: eng/human_being__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human being
trans_list: człowiek | istota ludzka | ludzie
sense:
A person; a large sapient, bipedal primate, with notably less hair than others of that order, of the species Homo sapiens.


lexentry: eng/human_chain__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: human chain
trans_list: ludzki łańcuch
sense:
(politics) A form of demonstration in which people link their arms as a show of political solidarity.


lexentry: eng/human_geography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human geography
trans_list: antropogeografia
sense:
The branch of geography that studies the relationships between the physical environment and the activities of humans.


lexentry: eng/human_resources__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human resources
trans_list: kadra
sense:
(management) The personnel department of an organization, dealing with the recruitment, administration, management and training of employees.


lexentry: eng/human_rights__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human rights
trans_list: prawa człowieka
sense:
(international law) The set of basic rights and freedoms that all humans should be guaranteed, including the right to life and liberty, freedom of thought and expression, and equality before the law.


lexentry: eng/human_shield__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human shield
trans_list: ludzka tarcza
sense:
(military) Civilians which a military group has deliberately placed combat targets near to deter an enemy from attacking those targets.


lexentry: eng/human_trafficking__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: human trafficking
trans_list: handel ludźmi
sense:
A criminal activity in which people are recruited, harbored, transported, bought, or kidnapped to serve an exploitative purpose, such as sexual slavery, forced labor, or child soldiery.


lexentry: eng/humane__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: humane
trans_list: humanitarny
sense:
Pertaining to branches of learning concerned with human affairs or the humanities, especially classical literature or rhetoric.


lexentry: eng/humanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: humanism
trans_list: humanizm
sense:
(historical, often capitalized) Specifically, a cultural and intellectual movement in 14th-16th century Europe characterised by attention to classical culture and a promotion of vernacular texts, notably during the Renaissance. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/humanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: humanism
trans_list: humanizm
sense:
An ethical system that centers on humans and their values, needs, interests, abilities, dignity and freedom; especially used for a secular one which rejects theistic religion and superstition. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/humanitarian_corridor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: humanitarian corridor
trans_list: korytarz humanitarny
sense:
A type of temporary demilitarized zone intended to allow the safe transit of humanitarian aid into, and/or refugees out of, a crisis-hit region.


lexentry: eng/humanity__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: humanity
trans_list: humanitaryzm | człowieczeństwo | humanitarność
sense:
(uncountable) The quality of being benevolent; humane traits of character; humane qualities or aspects.


lexentry: eng/humanoid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: humanoid
trans_list: humanoidalny
sense:
Having the appearance or characteristics of a human; being anthropomorphic under some criteria (physical, mental, genetical, ethological, ethical etc.).


lexentry: eng/humid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: humid
trans_list: wilgotny
sense:
Containing perceptible moisture (usually describing air or atmosphere); damp; moist; somewhat wet or watery.


lexentry: eng/hummingbird_hawkmoth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hummingbird hawkmoth
trans_list: dłużniec gwiaździk | fruczak gołąbek
sense:
Any of various sphingid moths of the genus Macroglossum, especially Macroglossum stellatarum, which, like hummingbirds, hover in front of flowers to feed.


lexentry: eng/hummus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hummus
trans_list: humus | hummus
sense:
A Levantine Arab dip made of chickpea paste with various additions, such as olive oil, fresh garlic, lemon juice, and tahini, often eaten with pitta bread, or as a meze.


lexentry: eng/humour__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: humour
trans_list: humor | nastrój
sense:
(uncountable) A mood, especially a bad mood; a temporary state of mind or disposition brought upon by an event; an abrupt illogical inclination or whim.


lexentry: eng/humour__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: humour
trans_list: humor
sense:
(medicine) Either of the two regions of liquid within the eyeball, the aqueous humour and vitreous humour.


lexentry: eng/humus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: humus
trans_list: próchnica | humus
sense:
A large group of natural organic compounds, found in the soil, formed from the chemical and biological decomposition of plant and animal residues and from the synthetic activity of microorganisms.


lexentry: eng/hundredweight__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hundredweight
trans_list: cetnar
sense:
(historical) Various units of ancient measurement systems consisting of 100 units usually translated as "pounds".


lexentry: eng/hung__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: hung
trans_list: miękki
sense:
(computing, colloquial) Of a computer or similar device, receiving power but not functioning as desired; working very slowly or not at all. The condition is often corrected by rebooting the computer.


lexentry: eng/hung_jury__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hung jury
trans_list: impas
sense:
(legal) A jury in a legal trial that is unable to reach or come to a verdict because the jurors cannot agree on a decision.


lexentry: eng/hunger__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hunger
trans_list: pożądać | pragnąć | łaknąć
sense:
(figuratively, intransitive, usually, _, with 'for' or 'after') To have a desire (for); to long; to yearn.


lexentry: eng/hunger_stone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hunger stone
trans_list: kamień głodowy | kamień głodu
sense:
A stone, either naturally exposed or intentionally embedded in a river during a drought, which is dated and often inscribed to mark the water level as a warning to future generations that they may face famine if the water reaches that low level again. Such stones are common in Central Europe.


lexentry: eng/hunter-gatherer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hunter-gatherer
trans_list: łowca-zbieracz
sense:
A member of a group of people who live by hunting animals and gathering edible plants for their main food sources, and who do not keep animals or farm land.


lexentry: eng/hunting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hunting
trans_list: polowanie
sense:
The act of finding and killing a wild animal, either for sport or with the intention of using its parts to make food, clothes, etc.


lexentry: eng/hunting_horn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hunting horn
trans_list: trąbka myśliwska
sense:
(music) A bugle, being either simply curved (especially in heraldry), or having from one (in e.g. some Roman horns) to three (in many modern musical horns) spirals, on which signals are blown during a hunt.


lexentry: eng/hunting_knife__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hunting knife
trans_list: nóż myśliwski
sense:
A knife optimized for use in hunting animals, usually with a substantial belly and sometimes with a back edge that is partially serrated#Adjective for sawing#Noun; fixed-blade and folding versions are both popular, and tasks such as field dressing, skinning#Noun, and bushcraft are anticipated.


lexentry: eng/hurdle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hurdle
trans_list: płotek | płot
sense:
(athletics, horses) An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race.


lexentry: eng/hurdy-gurdy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hurdy-gurdy
trans_list: lira korbowa
sense:
(musical instrument) A stringed instrument that produces a droning sound by turning a handle that connects to a wheel that rubs against a rosined string, with a keyboard also used to alter the pitch of the string.


lexentry: eng/hurricane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hurricane
trans_list: huragan
sense:
A severe tropical cyclone in the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, or in the eastern North Pacific off the west coast of Mexico, with winds of 119 km/h (74 miles per hour) or greater accompanied by rain, lightning, and thunder that sometimes moves into temperate latitudes.


lexentry: eng/hurricane__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hurricane
trans_list: huragan
sense:
(cocktails) A sweet alcoholic drink made with rum, lemon juice (or sometimes other fruit juice), and either passion fruit syrup or fassionola.


lexentry: eng/hurtle__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hurtle
trans_list: huczeć
sense:
To cause (someone or something) to collide with or hit another person or thing; or (two people or things) to collide with or hit each other.


lexentry: eng/husband_and_wife__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: husband and wife
trans_list: małżeństwo
sense:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see husband,‎ and,‎ wife. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/husband_stitch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: husband stitch
trans_list: szew mężowski
sense:
An extra stitch made by a doctor after an episiotomy in order to make the opening of the vagina smaller, supposedly to increase the pleasure of a male partner during sex.


lexentry: eng/husbandry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: husbandry
trans_list: rolnictwo
sense:
The occupation or work of a husbandman or farmer; the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock; agriculture.


lexentry: eng/husk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: husk
trans_list: łupina | łuska
sense:
The dry, leafy or stringy exterior of certain vegetables or fruits, which must be removed before eating the meat inside.


lexentry: eng/hut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hut
trans_list: chata | szałas
sense:
A small, simple one-storey dwelling or shelter, often with just one room, and generally built of readily available local materials.


lexentry: eng/hyacinth_bean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyacinth bean
trans_list: chropawiec pospolity | fasolnik egipski | wspięga pospolita
sense:
A climbing leguminous plant (Lablab purpureus), with white or dark purple flowers, native to Africa, widely cultivated in the tropics.


lexentry: eng/hyaluronic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyaluronic acid
trans_list: kwas hialuronowy
sense:
(sugar acid) A mucopolysaccharide (a kind of polymer) that forms a gel-like substance within animal connective tissue.


lexentry: eng/hybrid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hybrid
trans_list: hybryda | mieszaniec | krzyżówka
sense:
(biology) Offspring resulting from cross-breeding different entities, e.g. two different species or two purebred parent strains.


lexentry: eng/hybrid__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hybrid
trans_list: hybryda | samochód hybrydowy
sense:
A hybrid vehicle, especially a car; a vehicle that runs on both fuel (gasoline or diesel) and electricity (battery or energy from the sun).


lexentry: eng/hybrid__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hybrid
trans_list: hybryda
sense:
Something of mixed origin or composition; often, a tool or technology that combines the benefits of formerly separate tools or technologies.


lexentry: eng/hybrid_warfare__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hybrid warfare
trans_list: wojna hybrydowa
sense:
A form of conflict which blends conventional warfare, irregular warfare, and activities such as political warfare and information warfare.


lexentry: eng/hydra__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hydra
trans_list: stułbia
sense:
(biology) Any of several small freshwater polyps of the genus Hydra and related genera, having a naked cylindrical body and an oral opening surrounded by tentacles.


lexentry: eng/hydraulic_engineering__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydraulic engineering
trans_list: budownictwo wodne
sense:
A sub-discipline of civil engineering concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage.


lexentry: eng/hydraulics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydraulics
trans_list: hydraulika
sense:
The engineering science that deals with practical applications where liquid is in motion and transmits energy.


lexentry: eng/hydrocephalus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrocephalus
trans_list: wodogłowie | hydrocefalia | wodomózgowie
sense:
(medicine) A usually congenital condition in which an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the cerebral ventricles causes enlargement of the skull and compression of the brain, destroying much of the neural tissue.


lexentry: eng/hydrochloric_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrochloric acid
trans_list: kwas solny | kwas chlorowodorowy | zajzajer
sense:
(inorganic compound) A strong acid made by dissolving the gas hydrogen chloride in water. It reacts with alkalis, bases and many metals to form chlorides; it has many industrial applications.


lexentry: eng/hydroelectric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydroelectric
trans_list: hydroelektryczny
sense:
That generates electricity by converting the energy of moving water, or of steam escaping under high pressure.


lexentry: eng/hydrogen_bomb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrogen bomb
trans_list: bomba termojądrowa
sense:
A thermonuclear bomb that derives its destructive power from the fusion of isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium).


lexentry: eng/hydrogen_bond__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrogen bond
trans_list: mostek wodorowy | wiązanie wodorowe
sense:
(physical chemistry) A weak bond in which a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom (usually nitrogen or oxygen) in the same or different molecule.


lexentry: eng/hydrogen_fluoride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrogen fluoride
trans_list: fluorowodór
sense:
(inorganic compound) a colorless fuming liquid or gas, with molecular formula HF. It dissolves in water to form hydrofluoric acid and has many industrial uses including the production of Teflon and the refining of uranium; it corrodes skin, flesh and bone, and any skin contact must be avoided


lexentry: eng/hydrogen_peroxide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrogen peroxide
trans_list: woda utleniona
sense:
(inorganic compound) A colourless liquid, H2O2, soluble in water, used as a mild antiseptic, bleaching agent (especially for bleaching hair), oxidizing agent and chemical reagent.


lexentry: eng/hydrogen_sulfide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrogen sulfide
trans_list: siarkowodór
sense:
(inorganic compound) A toxic gas, H2S, smelling like rotten eggs and used in analytical chemistry and industry.


lexentry: eng/hydrogen_vehicle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrogen vehicle
trans_list: samochód na wodór
sense:
Any vehicle that uses hydrogen as its principal fuel, normally via the electricity produced by a fuel cell.


lexentry: eng/hydrogeology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrogeology
trans_list: hydrogeologia
sense:
The geology of groundwater, especially concerning the physical, biological and chemical properties of its occurrence and movement.


lexentry: eng/hydrography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrography
trans_list: hydrografia
sense:
(nautical) The scientific measurement and description of the physical features and conditions of navigable waters and the shoreline.


lexentry: eng/hydrology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrology
trans_list: hydrologia
sense:
The science of the properties, distribution, and effects of water on a planet's surface, in the soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere


lexentry: eng/hydrolysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrolysis
trans_list: hydroliza
sense:
(chemistry) A chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water.


lexentry: eng/hydrometeorology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrometeorology
trans_list: hydrometeorologia
sense:
The branch of meteorology that studies the occurrence, movement and changes of state of water in the atmosphere.


lexentry: eng/hydrophilic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrophilic
trans_list: hydrofilowy
sense:
(physics, chemistry) Having an affinity for water; able to absorb, or be wetted by water; water-loving.


lexentry: eng/hydrosphere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrosphere
trans_list: hydrosfera
sense:
All the liquid waters of the Earth or another astronomical body, as distinguished from the land and the gases of the atmosphere.


lexentry: eng/hydrostatic_equilibrium__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hydrostatic equilibrium
trans_list: równowaga hydrostatyczna
sense:
(astronomy) The state in which a sufficiently massive or warm solid body has relaxed under its own gravity into the plastic shape that it would have if it were liquid, apart possibly from rigid features in the crust.


lexentry: eng/hydrotherapy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrotherapy
trans_list: hydroterapia | wodolecznictwo
sense:
(alternative medicine) Any of various techniques that use water, either externally or internally, for the treatment of disease and for the soothing of pain.


lexentry: eng/hydrotropism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrotropism
trans_list: hydrotropizm
sense:
(biology) The movement of a plant (or other organism) in response to water, either towards or away from water.


lexentry: eng/hydrozoan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hydrozoan
trans_list: stułbiopław
sense:
Any of many colonial coelenterates, of the class Hydrozoa, including the hydras, hydroids, hydrocorals, and siphonophores.


lexentry: eng/hyena__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyena
trans_list: hiena
sense:
Any of the medium-sized to large feliform carnivores of the family Hyaenidae, native to Africa and Asia and noted for the sound similar to laughter which they can make if excited.


lexentry: eng/hyena__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hyena
trans_list: hiena
sense:
(Subsaharan Africa) A man that performs ritualized sex acts with recently widowed women and menarchal girls.


lexentry: eng/hygrometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hygrometer
trans_list: wilgotnościomierz | higrometr
sense:
(meteorology) An instrument that measures the humidity of the air or other gases, especially the relative humidity.


lexentry: eng/hylic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hylic
trans_list: materialny
sense:
(gnosticism) The basest type of man in the gnostic theologian Valentinus' triadic grouping; a person focused on neither intellectual (psychic) nor spiritual (pneumatic) reality.


lexentry: eng/hylozoism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hylozoism
trans_list: hylozoizm
sense:
A philosophical doctrine espousing that all or some material things possess life, or that all life is inseparable from matter.


lexentry: eng/hyperbaton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperbaton
trans_list: hyperbaton
sense:
(grammar) An inversion of the usual or logical order of words or phrases, for emphasis or poetic effect.


lexentry: eng/hyperbola__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperbola
trans_list: hiperbola
sense:
(geometry) A conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane that intersects the base of the cone and is not tangent to the cone. The function y(x) = 1/x draws a hyperbola.


lexentry: eng/hyperbole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperbole
trans_list: hiperbola
sense:
(uncountable, rhetoric, literature) Deliberate or unintentional overstatement, particularly extreme overstatement.


lexentry: eng/hyperbolic__Adjective__2
sense_num: 05
written_rep: hyperbolic
trans_list: hiperboliczny
sense:
(topology) Of, pertaining to, or in a hyperbolic space (a space having negative curvature or sectional curvature).


lexentry: eng/hyperbolic_cosine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperbolic cosine
trans_list: cosinus hiperboliczny
sense:
(mathematics) A hyperbolic function that is written in symbol cosh and defined as the following: \cosh(x) = \tfrac 1 2 (e^x + e^{-x}).


lexentry: eng/hyperbolic_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperbolic function
trans_list: funkcja hiperboliczna
sense:
(calculus) A set of functions that are analogs of the trigonometric functions for hyperbolic spaces.


lexentry: eng/hyperbolic_paraboloid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperbolic paraboloid
trans_list: paraboloida hiperboliczna
sense:
(mathematics) A surface having parabolic cross sections parallel to an axis and hyperbolic cross sections perpendicular to the axis.


lexentry: eng/hyperbolic_sine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperbolic sine
trans_list: sinus hiperboliczny
sense:
(mathematics) A hyperbolic function that is the analogue of the sine function for hyperbolic spaces, taking in a hyperbolic angle as an argument and returning the y-coordinate for the corresponding point on the unit hyperbola. It is written in symbol sinh and can be represented as: \sinh(x) = \tfrac 1 2 (e^x - e^{-x})


lexentry: eng/hypercorrection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypercorrection
trans_list: hiperpoprawność | hiperkorekcja | hiperkorektyzm | hiperyzacja | przesada poprawnościowa
sense:
(linguistics) Nonstandard language use that results from the overapplication of a perceived prescriptive rule.


lexentry: eng/hypercube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypercube
trans_list: hipersześcian
sense:
(geometry) A geometric figure in four or more dimensions, which is analogous to a cube in three dimensions. Specifically, the n-dimensional equivalent of a cube for any non-negative integer n.


lexentry: eng/hypergeometric_distribution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypergeometric distribution
trans_list: rozkład hipergeometryczny
sense:
(probability theory, statistics) A discrete probability distribution that describes the probability of k "successes" in a sequence of n draws without replacement from a finite population.


lexentry: eng/hypernym__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypernym
trans_list: hiperonim
sense:
(semantics) A superordinate word or phrase; a term whose referents form a set which includes as a subset the referents of a subordinate term—as, for example, insect (being a hypernym) for ant.


lexentry: eng/hyperon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperon
trans_list: hiperon
sense:
(physics) Any baryon (a three-quark particle) with a non-zero strangeness (i.e., whose composition includes one or more strange or anti-strange quarks).


lexentry: eng/hypersonic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypersonic
trans_list: hiperdźwiękowy
sense:
(of a speed, aviation) Equal to, or greater than, or capable of achieving, five times the speed of sound.


lexentry: eng/hyperspace__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hyperspace
trans_list: nadprzestrzeń
sense:
(science fiction) A notional space orthogonal to the usual dimensions of space-time often used for faster-than-light travel.


lexentry: eng/hypertension__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypertension
trans_list: nadciśnienie
sense:
(medicine, cardiology) A state of abnormally high blood pressure of arterial blood (arterial hypertension) or of the intra-ocular fluid.


lexentry: eng/hypertext__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypertext
trans_list: hipertekst
sense:
(uncountable) Digital text in which the reader may navigate related information through embedded hyperlinks.


lexentry: eng/hyperthymia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyperthymia
trans_list: hipertymia
sense:
A personality type characterized by an excessively positive disposition similar to, but more stable than hypomania. This temperament generally describes a person with high energy and enthusiasm for life activities, as opposed to dysthymia.


lexentry: eng/hypertrophy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypertrophy
trans_list: hipertrofia | przerost
sense:
(countable, medicine) An increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its individual cells.


lexentry: eng/hyphen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyphen
trans_list: dywiz | łącznik
sense:
The symbol "‐", typically used to join two or more words to form a compound term, or to indicate that a word has been split at the end of a line.


lexentry: eng/hypnagogic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hypnagogic
trans_list: hipnagogiczny
sense:
That accompanies falling asleep; especially, pertaining to the semi-conscious period immediately preceding sleep.


lexentry: eng/hypnosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypnosis
trans_list: hipnoza
sense:
A trancelike state, artificially induced, in which a person has a heightened suggestibility, and in which suppressed memories may be experienced.


lexentry: eng/hypocaust__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypocaust
trans_list: hypocaustum
sense:
An underfloor space or flue through which heat from a furnace passes to heat the floor of a room or a bath.


lexentry: eng/hypochondria__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypochondria
trans_list: hipochondria
sense:
(medicine) A formerly defined psychological disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation or worry about having a serious illness. No longer a current medical diagnosis; see hypochondriasis for more.


lexentry: eng/hypochondriasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypochondriasis
trans_list: hipochondria
sense:
(medicine) A mental disorder (in some classifications of such disorders, including ICD-11) that is characterized by excessive fear of or preoccupation with a serious illness, despite medical testing and reassurance to the contrary.


lexentry: eng/hypocoristic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypocoristic
trans_list: hipokorystyk
sense:
A nickname, especially one indicating intimacy and formed through a shortening of the original name.


lexentry: eng/hypocrisy__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hypocrisy
trans_list: hipokryzja
sense:
The practice of engaging in the same behaviour or activity for which one criticises another; moral self-contradiction whereby the behavior of one or more people belies their own claimed or implied possession of certain beliefs, standards or virtues.


lexentry: eng/hypocrite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypocrite
trans_list: hipokryta | hipokrytka
sense:
Someone who practices hypocrisy, who pretends to hold beliefs, or whose actions are not consistent with their claimed beliefs. [from early 13th c.]


lexentry: eng/hypocycloid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypocycloid
trans_list: hipocykloida
sense:
(geometry) The locus of a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls without slipping inside the circumference of another circle.


lexentry: eng/hypodermic_needle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypodermic needle
trans_list: igła podskórna
sense:
A hollow needle with a sharp point intended to puncture the skin to draw a fluid from under the skin or inject a fluid under the skin, used as part of a hypodermic syringe.


lexentry: eng/hypodermis__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hypodermis
trans_list: tkanka podskórna
sense:
(anatomy) A subcutaneous layer of loose connective tissue containing fat cells, lying beneath the dermis.


lexentry: eng/hypoglossal_nerve__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypoglossal nerve
trans_list: nerw podjęzykowy
sense:
(neuroanatomy) Either of the 12th and final pair of cranial nerves which are motor nerves arising from the medulla oblongata and supplying muscles of the tongue in higher vertebrates.


lexentry: eng/hypomania__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypomania
trans_list: hipomania
sense:
(medicine) A mild form of mania, especially the phase of several mood disorders characterized by euphoria or hyperactivity.


lexentry: eng/hyponym__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyponym
trans_list: hiponim
sense:
(semantics) A more specific term; a subordinate grouping word or phrase; a term designating a subclass of another more general class described by the given word.


lexentry: eng/hypoplasia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypoplasia
trans_list: hipoplazja | niedorozwój
sense:
(medicine, pathology) Underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ, especially when caused by an inadequate or below-normal number of cells.


lexentry: eng/hypospadias__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypospadias
trans_list: spodziectwo
sense:
(anatomy) A congenital condition in males in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis.


lexentry: eng/hypostasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: hypostasis
trans_list: hipostaza
sense:
(theology) The essential person, specifically the single person of Christ (as distinguished from his two ‘natures’, human and divine), or of the three ‘persons’ of the Trinity (sharing a single ‘essence’). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/hypostasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: hypostasis
trans_list: hipostaza
sense:
(psychology) Referring to the hypostatic model of personality; i.e., asserting that humans present themselves in many different aspects or hypostases, depending on the internal and external realities they relate to, including different approaches to the study of personality.


lexentry: eng/hypothalamus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypothalamus
trans_list: podwzgórze
sense:
(neuroanatomy) A region of the forebrain located below the thalamus, forming the basal portion of the diencephalon, and functioning to regulate body temperature, some metabolic processes and governing the autonomic nervous system.


lexentry: eng/hypothesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypothesis
trans_list: hipoteza | przypuszczenie
sense:
(sciences) A tentative conjecture explaining an observation, phenomenon or scientific problem and that can be tested by further observation, investigation, and/or experimentation.


lexentry: eng/hypothyroidism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypothyroidism
trans_list: niedoczynność tarczycy
sense:
(pathology) The disease state caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. [from 1900s]


lexentry: eng/hypotrochoid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hypotrochoid
trans_list: hipotrochoida
sense:
(geometry) A geometric curve traced by a fixed point on the radius line outside one circle which rotates inside the perimeter of another circle.


lexentry: eng/hyrax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyrax
trans_list: góralek
sense:
Any of several small, paenungulate herbivorous mammals of the family Procaviidae from the order Hyracoidea, with a bulky frame and fang-like incisors, native to Africa and the Middle East.


lexentry: eng/hyssop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hyssop
trans_list: hyzop
sense:
Any of several aromatic bushy herbs, of the genus Hyssopus, native to Southern Europe and once used medicinally.


lexentry: eng/hysteresis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hysteresis
trans_list: histereza
sense:
A property of a system such that an output value is not a strict function of the corresponding input, but also incorporates some lag, delay, or history dependence, and in particular when the response for a decrease in the input variable is different from the response for an increase. For example, a thermostat with a nominal setpoint of 75° might switch the controlled heat source on when the temperature drops below 74°, and off when it rises above 76°.


lexentry: eng/hysteria__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: hysteria
trans_list: histeria
sense:
Behavior exhibiting excessive or uncontrollable emotions, in a wide range from joy to panic but usually including anxiety or fear.


lexentry: eng/háček__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: háček
trans_list: haczyk
sense:
(orthography, and, typography) A caron; a diacritical mark (ˇ) usually resembling an inverted circumflex, but in the cases of ď, Ľ, ľ, and ť resembling a prime (′) instead.


lexentry: eng/iBook__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iBook
trans_list: iBook
sense:
(laptops) A computer of a line of lower-end laptop computers formerly manufactured by Apple Computer.


lexentry: eng/iPhone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iPhone
trans_list: iPhone
sense:
(trademark) A smartphone of a series produced by Apple, which typically combine a camera phone, PDA, multimedia player, and wireless communication device.


lexentry: eng/iamb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iamb
trans_list: jamb
sense:
(prosody) A metrical foot in verse consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.


lexentry: eng/iambic_pentameter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iambic pentameter
trans_list: pentametr jambiczny
sense:
A poetic meter consisting of lines with five iambic feet each, meaning the even syllables are dominant.


lexentry: eng/iatrogenic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iatrogenic
trans_list: jatrogenny
sense:
(medicine, of a disease, injury, or other adverse outcome) Induced by the words or actions of the physician or by medical treatment or diagnostic procedure.


lexentry: eng/ibis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ibis
trans_list: ibis
sense:
Any of various long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae, having long downcurved bills used to probe the mud for prey such as crustaceans.


lexentry: eng/ibuprofen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ibuprofen
trans_list: ibuprofen
sense:
(carboxylic acid, pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic compound used widely as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug.


lexentry: eng/ice_age__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ice age
trans_list: epoka lodowcowa
sense:
(colloquial) Any of several glacial periods (within a scientific ice age) marked by episodes of extensive glaciation alternating with episodes of relative warmth (interglacial).


lexentry: eng/ice_cap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice cap
trans_list: czapa lodowa
sense:
A permanent expanse of ice encompassing a large geographical area, as for example in Earth's polar zones (polar ice) or at high elevation. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/ice_core__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice core
trans_list: rdzeń lodowy
sense:
A core sample removed from an ice sheet, most commonly from the polar ice caps of Antarctica, Greenland or from high mountain glaciers elsewhere, the properties of which can be used to reconstruct a climatic record of a given area.


lexentry: eng/ice_cream_cone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice cream cone
trans_list: rożek
sense:
A thin, conical confection baked from crepe batter, sealed at its apex, used to hold ice cream while it is being eaten.


lexentry: eng/ice_cream_scoop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice cream scoop
trans_list: gałkownica
sense:
A handheld scoop with a lever that helps the user dig through hard substances, most commonly cold ice cream.


lexentry: eng/ice_cube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice cube
trans_list: kostka lodu
sense:
Any small piece of ice used for cooling drinks, larger than crushed ice, and regardless of their shape.


lexentry: eng/ice_hole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice hole
trans_list: przerębel
sense:
A hole in the ice of a frozen body of water, often man-made with the scope of fishing. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/ice_rink__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice rink
trans_list: lodowisko
sense:
A specially frozen surface of water on which people skate or play ice hockey; the building that houses such a surface.


lexentry: eng/ice_wine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ice wine
trans_list: wino lodowe
sense:
A sweet dessert wine made from grapes that are harvested after they have naturally frozen on the vine.


lexentry: eng/iceberg__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: iceberg
trans_list: góra lodowa
sense:
A huge mass of ocean-floating ice which has broken off a glacier or ice shelf [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/iceberg_lettuce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iceberg lettuce
trans_list: sałata lodowa
sense:
A lettuce cultivar (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) noted for its crunchiness; the most familiar of all lettuces sold in the United States.


lexentry: eng/icebreaker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: icebreaker
trans_list: lodołamacz
sense:
(watercraft) A ship designed to break through ice so that it, or other ships coming behind, can navigate on frozen seas.


lexentry: eng/icehouse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: icehouse
trans_list: lodówka
sense:
A deep cellar or outdoor building used for the storage of ice or snow; sometimes also used to store food at low temperature.


lexentry: eng/ichor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ichor
trans_list: ichor
sense:
(Greek mythology) The liquid said to flow in place of blood in the veins of the gods. [from late 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/ichthyosaur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ichthyosaur
trans_list: ichtiozaur
sense:
Any fishlike marine reptiles of the extinct order †Ichthyosauria of the early Triassic to the late Cretaceous period, that had a body somewhat like a porpoise. [from c. 1830]


lexentry: eng/icing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: icing
trans_list: lukier
sense:
(cooking) A sweet, often creamy and thick glaze made primarily of sugar, often enriched with ingredients like butter, egg whites, or flavorings, typically used for baked goods.


lexentry: eng/icing_on_the_cake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: icing on the cake
trans_list: wisienka na torcie
sense:
(idiomatic) Something that intensifies the appreciation of something already good (or bad in an ironic sense depending on the context).


lexentry: eng/icon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: icon
trans_list: ikona
sense:
An image, symbol, picture, portrait, or other representation usually as an object of religious devotion.


lexentry: eng/icon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: icon
trans_list: ikona
sense:
(religion, especially, Eastern Christianity) A type of religious painting portraying a saint or scene from Scripture, often done on wooden panels.


lexentry: eng/iconoclasm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iconoclasm
trans_list: ikonoklazm | obrazoburstwo
sense:
The belief in, participation in, or sanction of destroying religious icons and other symbols or monuments, usually with religious or political motives. [1797]


lexentry: eng/iconoclast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iconoclast
trans_list: ikonoklasta | obrazoburca
sense:
(historical, Christianity) One who destroys religious images or icons, especially an opponent of the Orthodox Church in the 8th and 9th centuries, or a Puritan during the European Reformation.


lexentry: eng/iconoclastic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iconoclastic
trans_list: bogoburczy
sense:
Characterized by attack on established and accepted beliefs, customs, or institutions; of or pertaining to iconoclasm.


lexentry: eng/iconography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iconography
trans_list: ikonografia
sense:
A set of specified or traditional symbolic forms associated with the subject or theme of a stylized genre of art.


lexentry: eng/iconostasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iconostasis
trans_list: ikonostas
sense:
(Eastern Orthodoxy) A wall of icons between the sanctuary and the nave in an Eastern Orthodox church.


lexentry: eng/icositetrachoron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: icositetrachoron
trans_list: dwudziestoczterościan czterowymiarowy
sense:
(mathematics) A four-dimensional object with no regular three-dimensional analogue, constructed out of twenty-four octahedra.


lexentry: eng/id__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: id
trans_list: id
sense:
(psychoanalysis) The unconscious impulsive component of the personality in the Freudian psychoanalytic model.


lexentry: eng/ide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ide
trans_list: jaź
sense:
A freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, found across northern Europe and Asia, especially Leuciscus idus. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/idea__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idea
trans_list: idea
sense:
(philosophy) An abstract archetype of a given thing, compared to which real-life examples are seen as imperfect approximations; pure essence, as opposed to actual examples. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/idea__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: idea
trans_list: idea
sense:
More generally, any result of mental activity; a thought, a notion; a way of thinking. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/idea__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: idea
trans_list: idea | pomysł
sense:
A conception in the mind of something to be done; a plan for doing something, an intention. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/ideal__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ideal
trans_list: ideał
sense:
(algebra, ring theory) A two-sided ideal; a subset of a ring which is closed under both left and right multiplication by elements of the ring.


lexentry: eng/ideal_gas__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ideal gas
trans_list: gaz doskonały
sense:
(physics) a hypothetical gas, whose molecules exhibit no interaction, and undergo elastic collision with each other and with the walls of the container


lexentry: eng/idealism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idealism
trans_list: idealizm
sense:
The property of a person of having high ideals that are usually unrealizable or at odds with practical life.


lexentry: eng/idealism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: idealism
trans_list: idealizm
sense:
The practice or habit of giving or attributing ideal form or character to things; treatment of things in art or literature according to ideal standards or patterns;—opposed to realism.


lexentry: eng/idealism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: idealism
trans_list: idealizm
sense:
(philosophy) An approach to philosophical enquiry, which asserts that direct and immediate knowledge can only be had of ideas or mental pictures.


lexentry: eng/idealization__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: idealization
trans_list: idealizacja
sense:
The representation of natural objects, scenes, etc., in such a way as to show their most important characteristics; the study of the ideal.


lexentry: eng/idempotent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idempotent
trans_list: idempotentny
sense:
(mathematics, computing) (said of a function) Such that, when performed multiple times on the same subject, it has no further effect on its subject after the first time it is performed.


lexentry: eng/identical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: identical
trans_list: identyczny | jednaki | jednakowy
sense:
(not comparable) Bearing full likeness by having precisely the same set of characteristics; indistinguishable.


lexentry: eng/identification__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: identification
trans_list: identyfikacja
sense:
(broadly, often) The combination of identifying (which one, which thing) and validating the identity (proving or confirming it); identifying and authenticating viewed as a unitary concept in cognition.


lexentry: eng/identifier__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: identifier
trans_list: identyfikator
sense:
(programming, operating systems) A formal name used in source code to refer to a variable, function, procedure, package, etc. or in an operating system to refer to a process, user, group, etc.


lexentry: eng/identikit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: identikit
trans_list: portret pamięciowy
sense:
A picture of a person, reconstructed from strips showing facial features selected to match witnesses' descriptions; used by the police to build a likeness of a person sought for a crime.


lexentry: eng/identity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: identity
trans_list: tożsamość
sense:
The difference or character that marks off an individual or collective from the rest of the same kind; selfhood; the sense of who something or someone or oneself is, or the recurring characteristics that enable the recognition of such an individual or group by others or themselves.


lexentry: eng/identity_politics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: identity politics
trans_list: polityka tożsamości
sense:
(politics) Politics focusing on the self-interest and perspectives of people in various groupings, such as ethnicity, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity.


lexentry: eng/identity_theft__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: identity theft
trans_list: kradzież tożsamości
sense:
(law, criminology) The deliberate assumption of another person's identity, usually to gain access to that person's finances or to frame a person for a crime.


lexentry: eng/ideogram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ideogram
trans_list: ideogram
sense:
A picture or symbol which represents the idea of something without indicating the sequence of sounds used to pronounce it. Examples include digits, traffic signs, and graphic symbols such as @.


lexentry: eng/ideophone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ideophone
trans_list: ideofon
sense:
(part of speech) A word that uses sound symbolism to express aspects of events that can be experienced by the senses, like smell, color, shape, sound, action, or movement.


lexentry: eng/ides__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ides
trans_list: idy
sense:
(historical, often, _, capitalized) The notional full-moon day of a Roman month, occurring on the 15th day of the four original 31-day months (March, May, Quintilis or July, and October) and on the 13th day of all other months.


lexentry: eng/idiocy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idiocy
trans_list: głupota
sense:
(dated, psychology, now, , pejorative) The state or condition of being an idiot; the quality of having an intelligence level far below average; mental retardation; intellectual disability.


lexentry: eng/idiom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idiom
trans_list: idiom | idiomat
sense:
A manner of speaking, a mode of expression peculiar to a language, language family, or group of people.


lexentry: eng/idiom__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: idiom
trans_list: mowa | narzecze
sense:
A language or language variety; specifically, a restricted dialect used in a given historical period, context etc.


lexentry: eng/idiom__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: idiom
trans_list: idiom | idiomat
sense:
An established phrasal expression whose meaning may not be deducible from the literal meanings of its component words.


lexentry: eng/idiomatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: idiomatic
trans_list: idiomatyczny
sense:
(music) Relating to parts or pieces which are written both within the natural physical limitations of the instrument and human body and, less so or less often, the styles of playing used on specific instruments.


lexentry: eng/idiophone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idiophone
trans_list: idiofony
sense:
Any musical instrument that produces its sound by its own vibration (without any strings or membranes).


lexentry: eng/idiotic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idiotic
trans_list: idiotowaty | idiotyczny
sense:
(of a person or animal) Pertaining to or resembling an idiot; characterised with behaviour resembling idiocy.


lexentry: eng/idol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idol
trans_list: idol | bożek | bałwan | modła
sense:
A graven image or representation of anything that is revered, or believed to convey spiritual power.


lexentry: eng/idyll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idyll
trans_list: idylla
sense:
Any poem or short written piece composed in the style of Theocritus's short pastoral poems, the Idylls.


lexentry: eng/idyll__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: idyll
trans_list: idylla | sielanka
sense:
An episode or series of events or circumstances of pastoral or rural simplicity, fit for an idyll; a carefree or lighthearted experience.


lexentry: eng/idée_fixe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: idée fixe
trans_list: idée fixe
sense:
(psychology) An idea dominating the mind and maintained despite evidence to the contrary; (loosely) , an obsession.


lexentry: eng/if_I_were_you__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: if I were you
trans_list: na twoim miejscu
sense:
A phrase said to introduce advice, i.e. to express what one would do in the interlocutor's situation.


lexentry: eng/if__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: if
trans_list: jeśli | jeżeli | czy
sense:
(computing) A keyword that invokes conditional processing: in the event that a given condition is true, execute the given statement(s) (otherwise execute other statements).


lexentry: eng/if__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: if
trans_list: jeśli | jeżeli | gdyby | jak
sense:
Supposing that, assuming that, in the circumstances that; used to introduce a condition that may be (or prove to be) either true or false.


lexentry: eng/if_and_only_if__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: if and only if
trans_list: wtedy i tylko wtedy
sense:
(logic, mathematics) Is equivalent to; implies and is implied by; is true and false in the same cases as.


lexentry: eng/if_anything__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: if anything
trans_list: prędzej
sense:
(idiomatic) Used to suggest or state tentatively that something may be the case (often the opposite of something previously implied).


lexentry: eng/if_anything__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: if anything
trans_list: właściwie
sense:
(idiomatic) Used in questions when the speaker does not know for sure if the listener will have an answer.


lexentry: eng/if_it_ain't_broke,_don't_fix_it__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: if it ain't broke, don't fix it
trans_list: nie szukaj dziury w całym
sense:
It is wise to leave something alone and to avoid attempting to correct, fix, or improve what is already sufficient (often with an implication that is the attempted improvement is risky and might backfire).


lexentry: eng/if_only__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: if only
trans_list: bodaj | byle | jeśli by | jeśliby | o ile
sense:
(idiomatic) I wish that; would (that) (archaic). Signifies a wish or desire for the present or the future.


lexentry: eng/if_the_mountain_won't_come_to_Muhammad__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: if the mountain won't come to Muhammad
trans_list: nie chce góra przyjść do Mahometa, musi Mahomet przyjść do góry
sense:
If something one wishes to be done cannot be commanded to be done, one must find another way to achieve one's goal.


lexentry: eng/if_you_say_so__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: if you say so
trans_list: skoro tak mówisz
sense:
(colloquial, dismissive) Used to convey lack of agreement together with a refusal to enter into or continue an argument.


lexentry: eng/ifs,_ands,_or_buts__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ifs, ands, or buts
trans_list: ale
sense:
Modifications, limitations, or addenda; qualifications of any kind; speculations about whether a particular idea or enterprise is good.


lexentry: eng/igneous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: igneous
trans_list: wulkaniczny
sense:
(geology) Resulting from, or produced by, great heat. With rocks, it could also mean formed from lava or magma.


lexentry: eng/igneous_rock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: igneous rock
trans_list: skały magmowe
sense:
(geology) One of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; formed by the cooling of molten rock, either below the surface (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive).


lexentry: eng/ignosticism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ignosticism
trans_list: ignostycyzm
sense:
The lack of belief that "creator and designer of the universe" is a coherently defined phrase, thus modern religionists do not believe in any god but only have the illusion that they do, and that modern atheists do not disbelieve in any god, or even lack belief in any god, but only have the illusion that they do.


lexentry: eng/iguana__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: iguana
trans_list: legwan | iguana
sense:
Colloquially, in Africa, any large member of the genus Varanus, especially the aquatic Nile monitor (see leguan).


lexentry: eng/ileum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ileum
trans_list: jelito kręte
sense:
(anatomy) The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine.


lexentry: eng/ileus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ileus
trans_list: niedrożność jelit
sense:
(medicine, modern usage) Disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the gastrointestinal tract, due to failure of peristalsis.


lexentry: eng/ilk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ilk
trans_list: genus
sense:
A type, race or category; a group of entities that have common characteristics such that they may be grouped together.


lexentry: eng/ill-advised__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ill-advised
trans_list: nierozsądny | nieroztropny | nierozważny
sense:
Carried out without the benefit of wise counsel or careful deliberation, or carried out with unwise counsel.


lexentry: eng/illegal__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: illegal
trans_list: nielegał
sense:
(espionage) A spy operating abroad illegally and under non-official cover, without visible ties to his or her country’s authorities.


lexentry: eng/illegal_immigrant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: illegal immigrant
trans_list: nielegalny
sense:
(sometimes, offensive) Someone who has immigrated into a country by bypassing customs and immigration controls.


lexentry: eng/illiterate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: illiterate
trans_list: analfabeta | analfabetka
sense:
Having less than an expected standard of familiarity with language and literature, or having little formal education.


lexentry: eng/illocution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: illocution
trans_list: illokucja
sense:
(linguistics) The aim of a speaker in making an utterance as opposed to the meaning of the terms used.


lexentry: eng/illocution__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: illocution
trans_list: illokucja
sense:
(Ithkuil, linguistics) A type of speech act being made by a speaker, i.e., the purpose of the statement in terms of how the addressee is to interpret either its truth-value, or its requirements and demands upon the speaker in terms of a physical or psychological response.


lexentry: eng/illogically__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: illogically
trans_list: nielogicznie
sense:
In an illogical manner, without following methods of sane and correct reasoning, in a manner lacking thought or logic.


lexentry: eng/illustration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: illustration
trans_list: ilustracja
sense:
Something which illustrates; a comparison or example intended to make clear or apprehensible, or to remove obscurity.


lexentry: eng/ilmenite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ilmenite
trans_list: ilmenit
sense:
(mineral) A weakly magnetic dark gray mineral found in metamorphic and igneous rocks; it is a mixed oxide of iron and titanium, FeTiO3


lexentry: eng/image__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: image
trans_list: obraz
sense:
(computing) A file that contains all information needed to produce a live working copy. (See disk image and image copy.)


lexentry: eng/image__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: image
trans_list: image | wizerunek
sense:
A characteristic of a person, group or company etc., style, manner of dress, how one is or wishes to be perceived by others.


lexentry: eng/image__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: image
trans_list: obraz
sense:
(mathematics) The subset of the codomain of a function comprising those elements that are the image of some element of its domain.


lexentry: eng/imageboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imageboard
trans_list: imageboard
sense:
(Internet) A type of message board that revolves around the posting of images, with optional associated text, often characterized by the near lack of moderation and by the freedom to discuss any topic.


lexentry: eng/imaginary__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: imaginary
trans_list: urojona
sense:
(mathematics, of a number) Having no real part; that part of a complex number which is a multiple of \sqrt{-1} (called imaginary unit).


lexentry: eng/imaginary_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imaginary number
trans_list: liczba urojona
sense:
(complex analysis, strict sense) A number of the form bi, where b is any real number and i denotes the imaginary unit.


lexentry: eng/imaginary_unit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imaginary unit
trans_list: jednostka urojona
sense:
(number theory, complex analysis, quaternion theory) An imaginary number (in the case of complex numbers, usually denoted i) that is defined as a solution to the equation x^2 = -1.


lexentry: eng/imagination__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imagination
trans_list: wyobraźnia | fantazja | imaginacja
sense:
The image-making power of the mind; the act of mentally creating or reproducing an object not previously perceived; the ability to create such images.


lexentry: eng/imaginism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imaginism
trans_list: imażynizm
sense:
(poetry) A Russian avant-garde poetic movement, founded in 1918, whose members created poetry based on sequences of arresting and uncommon images.


lexentry: eng/imam__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: imam
trans_list: imam
sense:
(usually capitalized) A Shi'ite Muslim leader descended from the prophet Muhammad and functioning as his spiritual successor.


lexentry: eng/imbecile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imbecile
trans_list: imbecyl
sense:
(obsolete) A person with limited mental capacity who can perform tasks and think only like a young child, in medical circles meaning a person who lacks the capacity to develop beyond the mental age of a normal five- to seven-year-old child.


lexentry: eng/imbue__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: imbue
trans_list: napełnić
sense:
In general, to act in a way which results in an object becoming completely permeated or impregnated by some quality.


lexentry: eng/immersion__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: immersion
trans_list: zanurzenie
sense:
(astronomy) The disappearance of a celestial body, by passing either behind another, as in the occultation of a star, or into its shadow, as in the eclipse of a satellite.


lexentry: eng/immersion_heater__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immersion heater
trans_list: grzałka
sense:
A device for supplying domestic hot water in which a thermostatically-controlled heating element is immersed within a tank of water


lexentry: eng/immigration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immigration
trans_list: imigracja
sense:
The act of immigrating; the passing or coming into a country of which one is not native born for the purpose of permanent residence.


lexentry: eng/immiserization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immiserization
trans_list: zubażanie
sense:
The process of making miserable or poor, especially of a population as a whole; impoverishment, pauperization.


lexentry: eng/immoral__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immoral
trans_list: niemoralny
sense:
Breaching principles of natural law, rectitude, or justice, and so inconsistent with the demands of virtue, purity, or "good morals"; not right, not moral. (Compare unethical, illegal.)


lexentry: eng/immune_system__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immune system
trans_list: układ odpornościowy
sense:
(anatomy, immunology) The system that differentiates self from non-self and protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing an immune response. It includes organs such as the thymus, the spleen and lymph nodes; tissue such as bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils; cells such as lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and cell products such as antibodies.


lexentry: eng/immunopathology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immunopathology
trans_list: immunopatologia
sense:
(medicine) The branch of immunology that studies the relation of the immune system to disease; a disease caused by a disruption of the immune system


lexentry: eng/immunosuppressive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immunosuppressive
trans_list: immunosupresyjny
sense:
(pharmaceutical effect, immunology) Having the capability to suppress the immune system, capable of immunosuppression.


lexentry: eng/immure__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immure
trans_list: zamurować | zamurowywać
sense:
(transitive) To cloister, confine, imprison or hole up: to lock someone up or seclude oneself behind walls.


lexentry: eng/immurement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: immurement
trans_list: uwięzienie
sense:
Capital punishment, human sacrifice or life imprisonment by entombing for life or sealing behind walls.


lexentry: eng/imp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imp
trans_list: chochlik | diabełek | diablę
sense:
(chiefly, fiction, and, mythology) A small, mischievous sprite or a malevolent supernatural creature, somewhat comparable to a demon but smaller and less powerful, formerly regarded as the child of the devil or a demon (see sense 3.2). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/impact__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: impact
trans_list: uderzać | zderzać
sense:
(transitive, figurative, proscribed) To significantly or strongly influence or affect; to have an impact on.


lexentry: eng/impact_crater__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impact crater
trans_list: krater uderzeniowy
sense:
(geology, astronomy) A crater formed from a hypervelocity impact, typically of a meteorite, as opposed to one formed by other means such as vulcanism.


lexentry: eng/impala__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impala
trans_list: impala
sense:
An African antelope, Aepyceros melampus, noted for its leaping ability; the male has ridged, curved horns.


lexentry: eng/imparisyllabic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imparisyllabic
trans_list: nierównozgłoskowy
sense:
Not having the same number of syllables in all its inflections (especially of Greek or Latin nouns); for example, the Latin word pars, which has the genitive form partis.


lexentry: eng/impatience__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impatience
trans_list: niecierpliwość | brak cierpliwości
sense:
The quality of being impatient; lacking patience; restlessness and intolerance of delays; anxiety and eagerness, especially to begin something.


lexentry: eng/impeachment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impeachment
trans_list: impeachment
sense:
(countable, law, chiefly, US) The act of impeaching or charging a public official with misconduct, especially if serious, often with the aim of having the official dismissed from office.


lexentry: eng/impedance__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: impedance
trans_list: impedancja
sense:
(physics) A measure of the opposition to the flow of an alternating current in a circuit; the aggregation of its resistance, and inductive and capacitive reactances; the ratio of voltage to current treated as complex quantities.


lexentry: eng/imperative_mood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imperative mood
trans_list: tryb rozkazujący | imperativus | imperatiwus | rozkaźnik
sense:
(grammar) The grammatical mood generally expressing a command, though also used to express a request or permission.


lexentry: eng/imperfection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imperfection
trans_list: niedoskonałość
sense:
(uncountable) Those qualities or features that are imperfect; the characteristic, state, or quality of being imperfect.


lexentry: eng/imperfective_aspect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imperfective aspect
trans_list: aspekt niedokonany
sense:
(grammar) A feature of a verb which denotes that its action or condition does not have a fixed temporal boundary, but is habitual, unfinished, continuous, repetitive or in progress.


lexentry: eng/imperialism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imperialism
trans_list: imperializm
sense:
The policy of forcefully extending a nation's authority by territorial gain or by the establishment of economic and political dominance over other nations.


lexentry: eng/impersonal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: impersonal
trans_list: bezosobowy
sense:
(grammar, of a verb or other word) Not having a subject, or having a third person pronoun without an antecedent.


lexentry: eng/impersonate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impersonate
trans_list: naśladować
sense:
(transitive) To pretend to be (a different person); to assume the identity of, especially when there is an intent to deceive.


lexentry: eng/imperturbable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imperturbable
trans_list: niewzruszony
sense:
Not capable of being, or not easily, perturbed, excited, or upset; calm and collected, even under pressure.


lexentry: eng/impetigo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impetigo
trans_list: liszajec
sense:
(pathology) A contagious bacterial skin disease forming pustules and yellow crusty sores, chiefly on the face and hands. It is common in children and infection is often through cuts or insect bites.


lexentry: eng/implant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: implant
trans_list: implant | wszczep
sense:
(medicine) Anything surgically implanted in the body, such as a tissue graft or prosthesis, particularly breast implants.


lexentry: eng/implementation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: implementation
trans_list: implementacja
sense:
The process of moving an idea from concept to reality. In business, engineering and other fields, implementation refers to the building process rather than the design process.


lexentry: eng/implication__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: implication
trans_list: ślad
sense:
(countable, uncountable) An implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed; an inference, or something which may fairly be understood, though not expressed in words.


lexentry: eng/imply__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imply
trans_list: sugerować | pociągać (za sobą)
sense:
(transitive, of a proposition) to have as a necessary consequence; to lead to (something) as a consequence


lexentry: eng/impose__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impose
trans_list: nałożyć
sense:
To place or put (something chiefly immaterial, especially something regarded as burdensome as a duty, an encumbrance, a penalty, etc.) on another thing or on someone; to inflict, to repose; also, to place or put (on someone a chiefly immaterial thing, especially something regarded as burdensome).


lexentry: eng/impose__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: impose
trans_list: nałożyć
sense:
To encroach or intrude, especially in a manner regarded as unfair or unwarranted; to presume, to take advantage of; also, to be a burden or inconvenience.


lexentry: eng/imposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: imposition
trans_list: nakładanie rąk
sense:
(religion) A practice of laying hands on a person in a religious ceremony; used e.g. in confirmation and ordination.


lexentry: eng/impostor_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impostor syndrome
trans_list: syndrom oszusta
sense:
(psychology) A psychological phenomenon in which a person is unable to internalize their accomplishments, remaining convinced that they do not deserve any accompanying success.


lexentry: eng/impotent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: impotent
trans_list: cierpiący na impotencję
sense:
Incapable of sexual intercourse, often because of an inability to achieve or sustain an erection, having impotentia coeundi


lexentry: eng/imprecation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imprecation
trans_list: pomstowanie | złorzeczenie
sense:
The act of imprecating, or invoking evil upon someone; a prayer that a curse or calamity may befall someone.


lexentry: eng/impregnation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: impregnation
trans_list: impregnacja
sense:
The fact or process of imbuing or saturating with something; diffusion of some element, idea etc. through a medium or substance.


lexentry: eng/impressionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impressionism
trans_list: impresjonizm
sense:
(arts) An art movement characterized by visible brushstrokes, ordinary subject matter, and an emphasis on light and its changing qualities.


lexentry: eng/impressionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: impressionism
trans_list: impresjonizm
sense:
(music genre) A style that avoided traditional harmony, and sought to invoke the impressions of the composer.


lexentry: eng/impressionistic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: impressionistic
trans_list: impresjonistyczny
sense:
Based on impression rather than reason or fact; based on trying to impress somebody rather than trying for accuracy.


lexentry: eng/improper_fraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: improper fraction
trans_list: ułamek niewłaściwy
sense:
(arithmetic) A vulgar fraction of which the numerator has a greater magnitude than the denominator, such as 3/2.


lexentry: eng/improper_integral__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: improper integral
trans_list: całka niewłaściwa
sense:
(calculus) An integral where at least one of the endpoints is taken as a limit, either to a specific number or to infinity.


lexentry: eng/improvement__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: improvement
trans_list: polepszenie | poprawa | ulepszenie
sense:
The act of making profitable use or application of anything, or the state of being profitably employed; practical application, for example of a doctrine, principle, or theory, stated in a discourse.


lexentry: eng/improvise__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: improvise
trans_list: improwizować | zaimprowizować
sense:
To make something up or invent it as one goes on; to proceed guided only by imagination, intuition, and guesswork rather than by a careful plan.


lexentry: eng/improvised_explosive_device__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: improvised explosive device
trans_list: fugas
sense:
An unconventional or amateur explosive weapon made from nonmilitary components, especially one used by guerrillas, commandos or terrorists.


lexentry: eng/imprudence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: imprudence
trans_list: nieostrożność
sense:
(uncountable) The quality or state of being imprudent; lack of prudence, caution, discretion or circumspection.


lexentry: eng/impugn__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: impugn
trans_list: zwalczać
sense:
(transitive) To verbally assault, especially to argue against an opinion, motive, or action; to question the truth or validity of.


lexentry: eng/impunity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: impunity
trans_list: bezkarność
sense:
(uncountable) Freedom from punishment or retribution; security from any reprisal or injurious consequences of an action, behaviour etc.


lexentry: eng/impurity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: impurity
trans_list: nieczystość
sense:
The condition of being impure; because of contamination, pollution, adulteration or insufficient purification.


lexentry: eng/imputation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: imputation
trans_list: imputacja
sense:
(theology) A setting of something to the account of; the attribution of personal guilt or personal righteousness of another.


lexentry: eng/in_a_word__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in a word
trans_list: jednym słowem
sense:
(abbreviative action or effect): In summarization: briefly, concisely, summarily, in short; to sum up


lexentry: eng/in_articulo_mortis__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in articulo mortis
trans_list: w obliczu śmierci
sense:
At the moment of death. (In law, especially canon, or church, law, this expression can mean that someone has been given special permission by a competent authority to enter an organization or to receive some sort of exemption or permission at some point not long before they die, such as receiving diaconal or presbyteral ordination or entering religious profession.)


lexentry: eng/in_black_and_white__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in black and white
trans_list: czarno na białym
sense:
(idiomatic) Explicitly, in writing, clearly and without doubt or misunderstanding, without any grey areas.


lexentry: eng/in_cold_blood__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in cold blood
trans_list: z zimną krwią
sense:
(idiomatic) In a ruthless and unfeeling manner, particularly as applied to first-degree murder committed without provocation and with malice aforethought.


lexentry: eng/in_for_a_penny,_in_for_a_pound__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in for a penny, in for a pound
trans_list: jak się powiedziało A, to trzeba powiedzieć B
sense:
(chiefly, British) Expressing that, having begun something (that involves significant risk or effort), one intends to see it to completion rather than stopping short.


lexentry: eng/in_layman's_terms__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in layman's terms
sense:
(idiomatic) Phrased simply, without jargon; (of English-language speech or writing) phrased in plain English.

trans_list:
na chłopski rozum | po ludzku | w prostych żołnierskich słowach | z polskiego na nasze | łopatologicznie


lexentry: eng/in_living_memory__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in living memory
trans_list: za ludzkiej pamięci
sense:
(idiomatic) In recent history, in recorded history amongst the lifespan of extant people; events or situations which can be remembered by people that are still alive.


lexentry: eng/in_my_humble_opinion__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in my humble opinion
trans_list: moim skromnym zdaniem
sense:
Used to introduce or qualify a statement, as expressing one's own view, not one backed by external authority or to be accepted without question


lexentry: eng/in_no_uncertain_terms__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in no uncertain terms
trans_list: bez ogródek
sense:
(idiomatic, of a statement, especially a threat or admonishment) Definitely, clearly; bluntly, forthrightly; explicitly, categorically, unequivocally.


lexentry: eng/in_one's_bones__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in one's bones
trans_list: w kościach
sense:
(idiom, figurative) (of a feeling, belief, etc.) Derived from instinct, intuition, or an ingrained inclination.


lexentry: eng/in_other_words__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in other words
trans_list: innymi słowy
sense:
(conjunctive, idiomatic) Stated or interpreted another way; Used to introduce an explanation, simplification, or clarification.


lexentry: eng/in_personam__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in personam
trans_list: przeciwko konkretnej osobie
sense:
(legal) In a lawsuit against a specific individual, a summons and complaint to give the court jurisdiction that is served to a person to try a case. In personam means that a judgment can be enforceable against the person wherever he/she is.


lexentry: eng/in_the_act__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in the act
trans_list: na gorącym uczynku
sense:
(idiomatic) In the process of doing something considered criminal or otherwise wrong; used to emphasize the eye-witness evidence.


lexentry: eng/in_the_land_of_the_blind,_the_one-eyed_man_is_king__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king
trans_list: w kraju ślepców jednooki jest królem
sense:
Even someone with limited abilities or opportunities is dominant over, and considered special by, those who have even fewer abilities and opportunities; the value of any ability depends on its prevalence.


lexentry: eng/in_the_line_of_duty__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in the line of duty
trans_list: na służbie
sense:
(idiomatic) As part of or while performing official duties, usually of the military or police personnel, or of government officials.


lexentry: eng/in_the_middle_of__Preposition__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: in the middle of
trans_list: w trakcie
sense:
(often followed by the -ing form of a verb) Engaged in, but not finished with, often with something unpleasant.


lexentry: eng/in_the_offing__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: in the offing
trans_list: na horyzoncie
sense:
(figurative) Soon to come; likely to happen; in the foreseeable future; projected to occur; on the horizon; in the wind.


lexentry: eng/in_turn__Prepositional_phrase__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: in turn
trans_list: z kolei
sense:
Having a relationship sequentially comparable to one just mentioned; accordingly or similarly, with respect to sequence, precedence, or hierarchy.


lexentry: eng/in_vain__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: in vain
trans_list: nadaremno
sense:
(idiomatic) In a disrespectful manner, without honoring the proper meaning; insincerely or without proper respect.


lexentry: eng/in_wine,_there_is_truth__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in wine, there is truth
trans_list: w winie prawda
sense:
Statements made or expressed under the influence of alcohol reveal true beliefs that are not expressed when sober.


lexentry: eng/in_your_dreams__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: in your dreams
trans_list: chyba śnisz
sense:
(idiomatic, colloquial, somewhat, derogatory, often, sarcastic) Used to express the speaker's skepticism about another's preceding statement about a desired or assumed state of affairs.


lexentry: eng/inanition__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inanition
trans_list: głód
sense:
(medicine) A state of advanced lack of adequate nutrition, food, or water or a physiological inability to utilize them, with resulting weakness.


lexentry: eng/inanition__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: inanition
trans_list: pustka
sense:
(philosophy) A spiritual emptiness or lack of purpose or will to live, akin to nausea in existentialist philosophy.


lexentry: eng/inaugurate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: inaugurate
trans_list: inaugurować
sense:
To initiate or usher in (something, as a (significant) course of action, development, organization, or period of time) with a formal ceremony or in a ceremonious manner; also (loosely) , to begin or commence (something); to start.


lexentry: eng/inauguration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inauguration
trans_list: inauguracja
sense:
The act of inaugurating, or inducting into office with solemnity; investiture by appropriate ceremonies.


lexentry: eng/inbox__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inbox
trans_list: skrzynka odbiorcza
sense:
(computing) An electronic folder serving the same purpose, but for electronic files, especially email.


lexentry: eng/inbreeding__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inbreeding
trans_list: chów wsobny
sense:
(biology) Breeding between members of a relatively small population, especially one in which most members are related.


lexentry: eng/incantation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incantation
trans_list: inkantacja
sense:
The act or process of using formulas and/or usually rhyming words, sung or spoken, with occult ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits, producing enchantment, or creating other magical results.


lexentry: eng/incel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incel
trans_list: incel | incelka
sense:
A member of an online subculture of people (mostly men) who define themselves as unable to find a romantic or sexual partner despite desiring one.


lexentry: eng/incense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incense
trans_list: kadzidło
sense:
Biotic material that releases fragrant smoke when burnt, often used in religious rites or for aesthetic reasons.


lexentry: eng/incest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incest
trans_list: kazirodztwo
sense:
Sexual relations between close relatives, especially immediate family members and sometimes first cousins, usually considered taboo; in many jurisdictions, close relatives are not allowed to marry, and incest is a crime.


lexentry: eng/inch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inch
trans_list: cal
sense:
An English unit of length equal to 1/12 of a foot or 2.54 cm, conceived as roughly the width of a thumb.


lexentry: eng/incident__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: incident
trans_list: incydent | wydarzenie | zajście
sense:
An event that causes or may cause an interruption or a crisis, such as a workplace illness or a software error.


lexentry: eng/incision__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incision
trans_list: cięcie
sense:
A cut, especially one made by a scalpel or similar medical tool in the context of surgical operation; the scar resulting from such a cut.


lexentry: eng/incisor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incisor
trans_list: siekacz
sense:
(anatomy, zootomy) A narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth of mammals, between the canines and adapted for cutting; in humans there are four in each jaw.


lexentry: eng/incline__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incline
trans_list: pochylać
sense:
(transitive) To bend or move (something) out of a given plane or direction, often the horizontal or vertical.


lexentry: eng/inclined_plane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inclined plane
trans_list: równia pochyła
sense:
(mechanics) One of the simple machines; a sloping surface such as a ramp such that an object can be raised with less effort than being lifted vertically.


lexentry: eng/inclusion__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: inclusion
trans_list: inkluzja | wrostek
sense:
(countable, mineralogy) Any material that is trapped inside a mineral during its formation, as a defect in a precious stone.


lexentry: eng/inclusive_or__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inclusive or
trans_list: alternatywa łączna | inkluzja
sense:
(logic, computing) A logical connective joining two or more predicates that yields the logical value "true" when at least one of the predicates is true.


lexentry: eng/income_statement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: income statement
trans_list: rachunek zysków i strat
sense:
(accounting) A calculation which shows the profit or loss of an accounting unit (company, municipality, foundation etc.) during a specific period of time, providing a summary of how the profit or loss is calculated from gross revenue and expenses.


lexentry: eng/incomer__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: incomer
trans_list: imigrant
sense:
An outsider who moves to a community or a place; (used by those who consider themselves to be its original inhabitants).


lexentry: eng/incompatible__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incompatible
trans_list: niekompatybilny | niezgodny
sense:
Of two things: that cannot coexist; not congruous because of differences; unable to function together due to dissimilarities.


lexentry: eng/inconsolable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inconsolable
trans_list: niepocieszony | nieukojony | nieutulony
sense:
Not consolable; unable to be consoled or comforted, usually due to grief, disappointment, or other distress.


lexentry: eng/inconspicuously__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inconspicuously
trans_list: niepostrzeżenie
sense:
In an inconspicuous manner; so as not to attract attention or appear unusual or out of the ordinary.


lexentry: eng/incontinence__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: incontinence
trans_list: inkontynencja
sense:
(urology) The inability of any of the physical organs to restrain discharges of their contents; involuntary discharge or evacuation (of urine or feces).


lexentry: eng/incorporate__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: incorporate
trans_list: wcielać
sense:
(US, legal) To include (another clause or guarantee of the US constitution) as a part (of the Fourteenth Amendment, such that the clause binds not only the federal government but also state governments).


lexentry: eng/increment__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: increment
trans_list: przyrost
sense:
(grammar) A syllable in excess of the number of the nominative singular or the second-person singular present indicative.


lexentry: eng/incubation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incubation
trans_list: inkubacja
sense:
Sitting on eggs for the purpose of hatching young; a brooding on, or keeping warm, to develop the life within, by any process.


lexentry: eng/incubation_period__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incubation period
trans_list: okres inkubacji
sense:
(epidemiology) The time elapsed between an exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical or radiation, and the appearance of signs and symptoms.


lexentry: eng/incubus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incubus
trans_list: inkub
sense:
(medieval folklore) An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep.


lexentry: eng/incumbent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: incumbent
trans_list: obowiązkowy
sense:
Followed by on or upon: imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one's office or position.


lexentry: eng/incumbent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incumbent
trans_list: właściciel
sense:
The current holder of an office or title; (specifically, Christianity) the holder of an ecclesiastical benefice.


lexentry: eng/incur__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: incur
trans_list: cierpieć
sense:
(transitive) To bring upon oneself or expose oneself to, especially something inconvenient, harmful, or onerous; to become liable or subject to.


lexentry: eng/indecent_exposure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indecent exposure
trans_list: ekshibicjonizm | publiczne obnażanie się
sense:
(legal) The crime of intentionally exposing one's genitalia in public; in some cases also including the act of public urination and defecation.


lexentry: eng/indefinite__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: indefinite
trans_list: nieokreślony | niewyraźny
sense:
(linguistics) Designating an unspecified or unidentified person or thing or group of persons or things


lexentry: eng/indefinite_article__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indefinite article
trans_list: rodzajnik nieokreślony
sense:
(grammar) A word preceding a noun to indicate that the noun refers to any member of the class of objects named by the noun.


lexentry: eng/indentation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: indentation
trans_list: akapit
sense:
(typography) The act of beginning a line or series of lines at a little distance within the flush line of the column or page, as in the common way of beginning the first line of a paragraph.


lexentry: eng/indenture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indenture
trans_list: kontrakt
sense:
(legal) A contract which binds a person to work for another, under specified conditions, for a specified time (often as an apprentice).


lexentry: eng/indenture__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: indenture
trans_list: kontrakt
sense:
(legal) A contract relating to lending (typically for issuing a bond), a real estate transaction, or a bankruptcy that imposes additional conditions on one or both parties.


lexentry: eng/independence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: independence
trans_list: niepodległość | niezależność | niezawisłość
sense:
The quality or state of being independent; lack of dependence; the state of not being reliant on, or controlled by, others.


lexentry: eng/independence_day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: independence day
trans_list: dzień niepodległości
sense:
An annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nation's assumption of independent statehood.


lexentry: eng/index__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: index
trans_list: indeks
sense:
(computing, especially, programming, and, databases) An integer or other key indicating the location of data, e.g. within an array, vector, database table, associative array, or hash table.


lexentry: eng/index__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: index
trans_list: indeksować
sense:
(chiefly, economics) To normalise in order to account for inflation; to correct for inflation by linking to a price index in order to maintain real levels.


lexentry: eng/index_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: index card
trans_list: fiszka
sense:
A piece of heavy paper stock used to record information to be stored in a card index or to supply the copy (content) from which to generate a book index.


lexentry: eng/index_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: index case
trans_list: przypadek wskazujący
sense:
(epidemiology) The first documented case in a disease epidemic within a population or the first case of interest in an epidemiological investigation: the case of patient zero (the index patient).


lexentry: eng/indicator__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: indicator
trans_list: indykator | wskaźnik
sense:
(chemistry) Any of many substances, such as litmus, used to indicate the concentration of a substance, or the degree of a reaction.


lexentry: eng/indicator__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: indicator
trans_list: kierunkowskaz
sense:
(UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, automotive ) A turn signal; each of the flashing lights on each side of a vehicle which indicate a turn is being made to left or right, or a lane change etc.


lexentry: eng/indict__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: indict
trans_list: oskarżać
sense:
(legal) To make a formal accusation or indictment for a crime against (a party) by the findings of a jury, especially a grand jury.


lexentry: eng/indictable_offence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indictable offence
trans_list: przestępstwo
sense:
(legal, British, Canadian, Australian, Hong Kong) An offence which can only be tried on an indictment after a preliminary hearing to determine whether there is a prima facie case to answer or by a grand jury, in contrast to a summary offence.


lexentry: eng/indictment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: indictment
trans_list: akt oskarżenia
sense:
(legal) The official legal document outlining the charges concerned; bill of indictment. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/indigenous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indigenous
trans_list: miejscowy | macierzysty
sense:
In particular, of or relating to a people (or their language or culture) that inhabited a region prior to the arrival of people of other cultures which became dominant (e.g., through colonialism), and which maintains a distinct culture.


lexentry: eng/indigestion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indigestion
trans_list: dyspepsja | niestrawność
sense:
(Pathology) A condition of heartburn, nausea, or other stomach-related pain, sometimes caused by eating too quickly.


lexentry: eng/indigo__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: indigo
trans_list: indygo
sense:
An indigo-colored dye obtained from certain plants (indigo plant or woad), or a similar synthetic dye.


lexentry: eng/indirect_free_kick__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indirect free kick
trans_list: rzut wolny pośredni
sense:
(soccer) a free kick from which a goal may be scored only after the ball has been played by at least one other player


lexentry: eng/indirect_object__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indirect object
trans_list: dopełnienie dalsze
sense:
(grammar) A grammatical role of a ditransitive verb that manifests a secondary or passive participant in an action, often a recipient or goal.


lexentry: eng/indispensable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indispensable
trans_list: nieodzowny | niezbędny
sense:
(ecclesiastical, obsolete) Not admitting ecclesiastical dispensation; not subject to release or exemption; that cannot be allowed by bending the canonical rules. [16th–17th c.]


lexentry: eng/indistinguishable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indistinguishable
trans_list: nieodróżnialny
sense:
Not distinguishable; not capable of being perceived, known, or discriminated as separate and distinct


lexentry: eng/individual__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: individual
trans_list: osobnik | indywidualny | osoba fizyczna
sense:
(legal) A single physical human being as a legal subject, as opposed to a legal person such as a corporation.


lexentry: eng/individualism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: individualism
trans_list: indywidualizm
sense:
The tendency for a person to act without reference to others, particularly in matters of style, fashion or mode of thought.


lexentry: eng/individualism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: individualism
trans_list: indywidualizm
sense:
The moral stance, political philosophy, or social outlook that promotes independence and self-reliance of individual people, while opposing the interference with each person's choices by society, the state, or any other group or institution.


lexentry: eng/individuality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: individuality
trans_list: indywidualność
sense:
(uncountable) The characteristics that contribute to the differentiation or distinction of someone or something from a group of otherwise comparable identity.


lexentry: eng/indole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indole
trans_list: indol | benzopirol
sense:
(organic compound) An organic compound, C8H7N, found in coal tar, and produced in the gut by the bacterial decomposition of tryptophan; it is an aromatic bicyclic heterocycle having a benzene ring fused with a pyrrole ring; indole and its derivatives occur widely in nature and have many industrial applications.


lexentry: eng/inductance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inductance
trans_list: indukcyjność
sense:
(physics) The property of an electric circuit by which a voltage is induced in it by a changing magnetic field.


lexentry: eng/indulgence__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: indulgence
trans_list: odpust
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) A pardon or release from the expectation of punishment in purgatory, after the sinner has been granted absolution.


lexentry: eng/indulgent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: indulgent
trans_list: życzliwy
sense:
Disposed or prone to indulge, humor, gratify, or yield to one's own or another's desires, etc., or to be compliant, lenient, or forbearing;


lexentry: eng/induration__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: induration
trans_list: stwardnienie
sense:
(medical) Hardening of an area of the body as a reaction to inflammation, hyperemia, or neoplastic infiltration.


lexentry: eng/industrial_strength__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: industrial strength
trans_list: przemysł
sense:
Made for use by businesses or manufacturers, as opposed to home consumers, and therefore typically larger, stronger, more difficult to operate, and less attractive in appearance.


lexentry: eng/industrialism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: industrialism
trans_list: industrializm
sense:
The socioeconomic system based upon the industrial production of manufactured goods, rather than on agriculture.


lexentry: eng/industrialization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: industrialization
trans_list: industrializacja | uprzemysłowienie
sense:
A process of social and economic change whereby a human society is transformed from a preindustrial to an industrial state.


lexentry: eng/inebriate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inebriate
trans_list: oszołomić
sense:
(transitive, figurative) To disorder the senses of; to exhilarate, elate or stupefy as if by spirituous drink.


lexentry: eng/inequality__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inequality
trans_list: nierówność
sense:
(mathematics) A statement that of two quantities one is specifically less than (or greater than) another. Symbol: < or \leq or > or \geq or \ne, as appropriate.


lexentry: eng/inertial_frame_of_reference__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inertial frame of reference
trans_list: układ inercjalny
sense:
(physics) A frame of reference that is stationary relative to a body moving at constant velocity and on which no force is being exerted.


lexentry: eng/inexpedient__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inexpedient
trans_list: niecelowy
sense:
Not expedient; not tending to promote a purpose; not tending to the end desired; unsuitable to time and place


lexentry: eng/infamous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infamous
trans_list: niesławny
sense:
Having a bad reputation; disreputable; notorious; unpleasant or evil; widely known, especially for something scornful.


lexentry: eng/infant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infant
trans_list: niemowlę | niemowlak
sense:
A very young human being, from birth to somewhere between six months and two years of age after birth, needing almost constant care and attention.


lexentry: eng/infante__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infante
trans_list: infant
sense:
(historical) Any son of the king of Spain or Portugal, sometimes except the eldest or heir apparent.


lexentry: eng/infanticide__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: infanticide
trans_list: dzieciobójstwo
sense:
(law, Canada) The criminal offence of killing of a newborn, committed by its mother while psychologically disturbed by the effects of childbirth or lactation, not regarded as murder.


lexentry: eng/infantry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infantry
trans_list: piechota
sense:
Soldiers who fight on foot (on land), as opposed to cavalry and other mounted units, regardless of external transport (e.g. airborne).


lexentry: eng/infantry__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: infantry
trans_list: piechota
sense:
(uncountable) The part of an army consisting of infantry soldiers, especially opposed to mounted and technical troops.


lexentry: eng/infantry_fighting_vehicle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infantry fighting vehicle
trans_list: bojowy wóz piechoty
sense:
(military) An armoured combat vehicle designed to carry infantry soldiers and provide fire support for them.


lexentry: eng/infect__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infect
trans_list: zarazić | zakazić | zakażać | zarażać
sense:
(transitive) To bring (the body or part of it) into contact with a substance that causes illness (a pathogen), so that the pathogen begins to act on the body; (of a pathogen) to come into contact with (a body or body part) and begin to act on it.


lexentry: eng/infect__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: infect
trans_list: zarazić
sense:
(transitive) To make somebody enthusiastic about one's own passion, or to communicate a feeling to others, or a feeling communicating itself to others.


lexentry: eng/infectious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infectious
trans_list: infekcyjny | zakaźny | zaraźliwy
sense:
(pathology, of an illness) Caused by an agent that enters the host's body (such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion); often, also, transmitted among hosts via any of various routes (for example, contact, droplet-borne, airborne, waterborne, foodborne, fomite-borne, or bloodborne).


lexentry: eng/infectious_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infectious disease
trans_list: choroba zakaźna
sense:
(medicine) An illness caused by a specific infectious agent (bacterium, virus, fungus, protozoa, prion etc.), that results from transmission of that agent from an infected person, animal, or reservoir to a susceptible host.


lexentry: eng/infer__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infer
trans_list: wnioskować | wywnioskować | dedukować | wydedukować
sense:
(transitive) To introduce (something) as a reasoned conclusion; to conclude by reasoning or deduction, as from premises or evidence. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/inference__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inference
trans_list: konkluzja
sense:
(countable) That which is inferred; a truth or proposition drawn from another which is admitted or supposed to be true; a conclusion; a deduction.


lexentry: eng/infidelity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infidelity
trans_list: niewierność
sense:
Unfaithfulness in a marriage or an intimate (sexual or romantic) relationship: practice or instance of having a sexual or romantic affair with someone other than one's spouse, without the consent of the spouse.


lexentry: eng/infimum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infimum
trans_list: infimum | kres dolny
sense:
(mathematics) (of a subset) the greatest element of the containing set that is smaller than or equal to all elements of the subset. The infimum may or may not be a member of the subset.


lexentry: eng/infinitive__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: infinitive
trans_list: bezokolicznik | infinitiwus
sense:
(grammar) A non-finite verb form considered neutral with respect to inflection; depending on language variously found used with auxiliary verbs, in subordinate clauses, or acting as a gerund, and often as the dictionary form.


lexentry: eng/infinity__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: infinity
trans_list: nieskończoność | lemniskata | symbol nieskończoności
sense:
(uncountable) A number which is very large compared to some characteristic number. For example, in optics, an object which is much further away than the focal length of a lens is said to be "at infinity", as the distance of the image from the lens varies very little as the distance increases further.


lexentry: eng/infix__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: infix
trans_list: infiks | wrostek
sense:
(some authors when describing agglutinative languages, otherwise, _, dated) A prefix that is not at the beginning of a word, such as the con- of reconcile, or a suffix that is not at the end of a word, such as the -al of nationality.


lexentry: eng/inflame__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inflame
trans_list: obudzić
sense:
(transitive, figuratively) To kindle or intensify (a feeling, as passion or appetite); to excite to an excessive or unnatural action or heat.


lexentry: eng/inflame__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: inflame
trans_list: zirytować
sense:
(transitive) To provoke (a person) to anger or rage; to exasperate; to irritate; to incense; to enrage.


lexentry: eng/inflammation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: inflammation
trans_list: zapalenie
sense:
(pathology) A condition of any part of the body, consisting of congestion of the blood vessels, with obstruction of the blood current, and growth of morbid tissue. It is manifested outwardly by redness and swelling, attended with heat and pain.


lexentry: eng/inflammatory_bowel_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inflammatory bowel disease
trans_list: nieswoiste zapalenie jelit
sense:
(disease) A gastrointestinal inflammatory disorder, a type of colitis not resulting from an infection.


lexentry: eng/inflation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inflation
trans_list: inflacja
sense:
An act, instance of, or state of expansion or increase in size, especially by injection of a gas or liquid.


lexentry: eng/inflection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inflection
trans_list: fleksja | odmiana
sense:
(grammar, uncountable) The linguistic phenomenon of morphological variation, whereby terms take a number of distinct forms in order to express different grammatical features.


lexentry: eng/inflexibility__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inflexibility
trans_list: nieugiętość
sense:
The quality or state of being inflexible, or not capable of being bent or changed; unyielding stiffness


lexentry: eng/inflorescence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inflorescence
trans_list: kwiatostan
sense:
(botany) A group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branches.


lexentry: eng/influence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: influence
trans_list: wpływ
sense:
The power to affect, control or manipulate something or someone; the ability to change the development of fluctuating things such as conduct, thoughts or decisions.


lexentry: eng/influence__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: influence
trans_list: wpływać | oddziaływać | wpłynąć
sense:
(transitive) To have an effect on by using gentle or subtle action; to exert an influence upon; to modify, bias, or sway; to persuade or induce.


lexentry: eng/influence_peddling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: influence peddling
trans_list: handel wpływami
sense:
A type of corruption in which people use their connections with governments to gain favors or preferential treatment for a third party, usually in return for money.


lexentry: eng/influencer__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: influencer
trans_list: influencerka | influencer
sense:
(social media, marketing) A person who is able to influence consumption, lifestyle, or political preferences of their online audience by creating or engaging social media content, often as a part of a marketing campaign.


lexentry: eng/influenza__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: influenza
trans_list: grypa
sense:
(disease) An acute contagious disease of the upper airways and lungs, caused by a virus, which rapidly spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics.


lexentry: eng/infodemic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infodemic
trans_list: infodemia
sense:
(informal) An excessive amount of information concerning a problem such that the solution is made more difficult.


lexentry: eng/inform__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: inform
trans_list: informować | poinformować | powiadamiać | powiadomić
sense:
(transitive) To give form or character to; to inspire (with a given quality); to affect, influence (with a pervading principle, idea etc.).


lexentry: eng/informatics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: informatics
trans_list: informatyka
sense:
(computing) A branch of information science and of computer science that focuses on the study of information processing, particularly with respect to systems integration and human interactions with machine and data.


lexentry: eng/information__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: information
trans_list: informacja | wiadomość
sense:
Things that are or can be known about a given topic; communicable knowledge of something. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/information_and_communications_technology__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: information and communications technology
trans_list: teleinformatyka
sense:
(computing) The creation of computer systems and applications, especially those that move data around a computer network, between clients and servers, or over the Internet.


lexentry: eng/information_overload__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: information overload
trans_list: przeciążenie informacyjne
sense:
The inability to process everything one hears and sees; the availability or supply of too much information, or a state of stress which results.


lexentry: eng/information_science__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: information science
trans_list: informatyka
sense:
(applied science) A broad and interdisciplinary science that deals with the gathering, classification, storage, manipulation, retrieval and analysis of information as an organized resource.


lexentry: eng/information_society__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: information society
trans_list: społeczeństwo informacyjne
sense:
(sociology) A society where the creation, distribution, use, integration and manipulation of information is a significant economic, political, and cultural activity.


lexentry: eng/information_warfare__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: information warfare
trans_list: wojna informacyjna
sense:
The use and management of information in pursuit of an advantage over an opponent, such as propaganda, disinformation, and gathering assurances that one's own information is accurate.


lexentry: eng/infotainment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infotainment
trans_list: infotainment
sense:
A form of programming (cinematic, television, live action, etc.) that provides both information and entertainment, consisting of mostly celebrity news and human drama. [from 1982]


lexentry: eng/infrared__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infrared
trans_list: podczerwień | podczerwony
sense:
(uncountable) The electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation, having a wavelength between 700 nm and 1 mm.


lexentry: eng/infrastructure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infrastructure
trans_list: infrastruktura
sense:
(systems theory) An underlying base or foundation for a building, organization, or system. [from 1887]


lexentry: eng/infuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: infuse
trans_list: zaparzać | zaparzyć
sense:
(transitive) To steep in a liquid, so as to extract the soluble constituents (usually medicinal or herbal).


lexentry: eng/infusion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: infusion
trans_list: napar
sense:
A product consisting of a liquid which has had other ingredients steeped in it to extract useful qualities.


lexentry: eng/infusion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: infusion
trans_list: zaparzanie
sense:
The act of steeping or soaking a substance in liquid so as to extract medicinal or herbal qualities.


lexentry: eng/ingest__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ingest
trans_list: przyjmować
sense:
(transitive) To take (a substance, e.g., food) into the body of an organism, especially through the mouth and into the gastrointestinal tract.


lexentry: eng/ingestion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ingestion
trans_list: spożycie | spożywanie
sense:
The process of ingesting, or consuming something orally, whether it be food, drink, medicine, or other substance. It is usually referred to as the first step of digestion.


lexentry: eng/inglenook__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inglenook
trans_list: zapiecek
sense:
(originally, Scotland, architecture, chiefly, historical) A nook or corner beside an open fireplace; a chimney corner.


lexentry: eng/ingot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ingot
trans_list: sztaba | sztabka
sense:
A solid block of more or less pure metal, often but not necessarily bricklike in shape and trapezoidal in cross-section, the result of pouring out and cooling molten metal, often immediately after smelting from raw ore or alloying from constituents.


lexentry: eng/ingress__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: ingress
trans_list: dostęp
sense:
(astronomy) The entrance of the Moon into the shadow of the Earth in eclipses, or the Sun's entrance into a sign, etc.


lexentry: eng/inhale__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inhale
trans_list: inhalować | wdychać | wziewać
sense:
(transitive) To draw air or any form of gas (either in a pure form, or mixed with small particles in form of aerosols/smoke -sometimes stemming from a medicament) into the lungs, through the nose or mouth by action of the diaphragm.


lexentry: eng/inhaler__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inhaler
trans_list: inhalator
sense:
(medicine) A device with a canister holding medicine (either in powder or gas form) which is sprayed and inhaled by the patient, often for treating asthma and other respiratory diseases.


lexentry: eng/inherit__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inherit
trans_list: dziedziczyć | odziedziczyć
sense:
(transitive) To receive (property, a title, etc.), by legal succession or bequest after the previous owner's death.


lexentry: eng/inheritance__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inheritance
trans_list: spadek
sense:
(countable) That which a person is entitled to inherit, by law or testament, such as the part of an estate (i.e., a portion).


lexentry: eng/inheritance__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: inheritance
trans_list: dziedziczenie
sense:
(biology, genetic algorithms) The biological attributes passed hereditarily from ancestors to their offspring.


lexentry: eng/inheritance__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: inheritance
trans_list: dziedziczenie
sense:
(programming, object-oriented) The mechanism whereby parts of a superclass are available to instances of its subclass.


lexentry: eng/inhuman__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inhuman
trans_list: niehumanitarny | nieludzki
sense:
Of or pertaining to inhumanity and the indifferently cruel, sadistic or barbaric behavior it brings.


lexentry: eng/inion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inion
trans_list: potylica
sense:
(anatomy) A small protuberance on the external surface of the back of the skull near the neck; the external occipital protuberance.


lexentry: eng/iniquity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: iniquity
trans_list: niesprawiedliwość
sense:
(countable) An act of great injustice or unfairness; a sinful or wicked act; an unconscionable deed.


lexentry: eng/initial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: initial
trans_list: początkowy
sense:
Spatially first, placed at the beginning, in the first position; especially said of the first letter of a word.


lexentry: eng/initial_public_offering__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: initial public offering
trans_list: pierwsza oferta publiczna
sense:
(business, finance) The first offering to members of the public of stock in a company, normally followed by a listing of that stock on a stock exchange.


lexentry: eng/initialism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: initialism
trans_list: literowiec | skrótowiec literowy
sense:
(linguistics) A term formed from the initial letters of several words or parts of words, which is itself pronounced letter by letter.


lexentry: eng/initials__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: initials
trans_list: inicjały
sense:
An abbreviation of a person's name, constructed by taking the initial letters of first, last, and sometimes middle name(s). See monogram


lexentry: eng/initiation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: initiation
trans_list: inicjacja
sense:
The form or ceremony by which a person is introduced into any society; mode of entrance into an organized body; especially, the rite of admission into a secret society or order.


lexentry: eng/injection__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: injection
trans_list: iniekcja
sense:
(category theory) A morphism from either one of the two components of a coproduct to that coproduct.


lexentry: eng/injection__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: injection
trans_list: iniekcja
sense:
(set theory) A function that maps distinct x in the domain to distinct y in the codomain; formally, a f: X → Y such that f(a) = f(b) implies a = b for any a, b in the domain.


lexentry: eng/injective__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: injective
trans_list: różnowartościowa
sense:
(mathematics) Of, relating to, or being an injection: such that each element of the image (or range) is associated with at most one element of the preimage (or domain); inverse-deterministic


lexentry: eng/injunction__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: injunction
trans_list: nakaz sądowy
sense:
(legal) A writ or process, granted by a court of equity, and, in some cases, under statutes, by a court of law, whereby a party is required to do or to refrain from doing certain acts, according to the exigency of the writ.


lexentry: eng/injury_time__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: injury time
trans_list: doliczony czas
sense:
(sports) Additional time played after each period of a game in order to compensate for stoppages due to player injuries; loosely extended to include time added on to compensate for all types of stoppages, i.e. synonymous with stoppage time.


lexentry: eng/ink-pad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ink-pad
trans_list: poduszka do stempli
sense:
A piece of absorbent material, soaked with ink used for rubber stamps. The ink gets onto the stamp by pressing the stamp on the ink-pad.


lexentry: eng/inkjet_printer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inkjet printer
trans_list: atramentówka | drukarka atramentowa
sense:
(computer hardware) A device for the printing of documents which that operates by propelling tiny droplets of liquid ink onto paper.


lexentry: eng/inkling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inkling
trans_list: podejrzenie
sense:
Usually preceded by forms of to give: a slight hint, implication, or suggestion given., A vague idea about something.


lexentry: eng/inkwell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inkwell
trans_list: kałamarz
sense:
A container for ink, designed and usually positioned so that a person may conveniently dip a pen into it whenever a refill is needed.


lexentry: eng/inlay__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inlay
trans_list: miejsce
sense:
(dentistry) A filling for a tooth, made of ceramic or gold to fit the cavity and shape of tooth and cemented into place.


lexentry: eng/inlay__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inlay
trans_list: inkrustować
sense:
(also, figuratively) To place (pieces of a foreign material) within another material to form a decorative design.


lexentry: eng/inmate__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inmate
trans_list: współmieszkaniec
sense:
A person who shares a residence (such as a hotel guest, a lodger, or a student living on campus), or other place.


lexentry: eng/inner__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inner
trans_list: wewnętrzny
sense:
Being or occurring (farther) inside, situated farther in, located (situated) or happening on the inside of something, situated within or farther within contained within something.


lexentry: eng/inner_child__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inner child
trans_list: wewnętrzne dziecko
sense:
(psychology) The childlike aspect of a person's psyche, typically, the personality and the memories of one's childhood, especially in the context of coexisting with, and being suppressed by, an adult aspect of the person.


lexentry: eng/inner_circle__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inner circle
trans_list: wewnętrzny krąg
sense:
(idiomatic, business, government, politics) A small, exclusive group of people close to the center of power who control a movement, organization, political party, etc.


lexentry: eng/inner_city__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inner city
trans_list: centrum
sense:
(urban studies) The parts of a large city closer to its core, especially older, populous areas of low-income or immigrant families as opposed to centrally located commercial areas.


lexentry: eng/inner_ear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inner ear
trans_list: ucho wewnętrzne
sense:
(anatomy) The portion of the ear located within the temporal bone which includes the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea and is responsible for hearing and balance.


lexentry: eng/inner_emigration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inner emigration
trans_list: emigracja wewnętrzna
sense:
(derogatory) The choice of some German writers to remain in Nazi Germany despite being opposed to Nazism.


lexentry: eng/inner_product__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inner product
trans_list: iloczyn skalarny
sense:
(linear algebra) A generalization of the dot product for vectors of any dimensionality that may or may not be complex-numbered.


lexentry: eng/inning__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inning
trans_list: raz
sense:
(baseball) A period of play in which members of a visiting baseball team attempt to hit a baseball pitched by the opposing home team until three players are called out, followed by a similar attempt by members of the home baseball team against the visiting team's pitching. There are nine or more innings in a regulation baseball game.


lexentry: eng/inoculate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inoculate
trans_list: szczepić
sense:
(transitive, immunology) To introduce an antigenic substance or vaccine into something (e.g. the body) or someone, such as to produce immunity to a specific disease. [from c. 1722]


lexentry: eng/inoculation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inoculation
trans_list: szczepienie
sense:
(immunology) The introduction of an antigenic substance or vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease.


lexentry: eng/inorganic_chemistry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inorganic chemistry
trans_list: chemia nieorganiczna
sense:
(chemistry) The chemistry of the elements (including carbon), and those compounds that do not contain carbon.


lexentry: eng/inquiry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inquiry
trans_list: dochodzenie
sense:
The act of inquiring; a seeking of information by asking questions; interrogation; a question or questioning.


lexentry: eng/inquiry__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inquiry
trans_list: badanie
sense:
A search for truth, information, or knowledge; examination of facts or principles; research; investigation; inquest.


lexentry: eng/inroad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inroad
trans_list: idea
sense:
(military, also, figuratively) An advance into enemy territory, an attempted invasion; an encroachment, an incursion.


lexentry: eng/insect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insect
trans_list: owad | robak | insekt
sense:
An arthropod (in the Insecta class) characterized by six legs, up to four wings, and a chitinous exoskeleton.


lexentry: eng/insect__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: insect
trans_list: owad | robak
sense:
(colloquial) Any small arthropod similar to an insect, including spiders, centipedes, millipedes, etc.


lexentry: eng/insemination__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: insemination
trans_list: zapłodnienie | zaplemnienie
sense:
The introduction of sperm into a female’s reproductive system for the purpose of impregnating (making pregnant).


lexentry: eng/insert__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: insert
trans_list: wkładka | wrzutka
sense:
A promotional or instructive leaflet inserted into a magazine, newspaper, tape or disk package, etc.


lexentry: eng/inshallah__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inshallah
trans_list: inszallah
sense:
(Islam) Expressing the speaker’s wish for a given future event to occur, and also generally their emphasis on its contingency upon the divine will.


lexentry: eng/inside__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inside
trans_list: w środku | wewnątrz
sense:
Within or towards the interior of something; within the scope or limits of something (a place), especially a building.


lexentry: eng/insider_trading__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insider trading
trans_list: nielegalny handel akcjami
sense:
(business, finance, law) The illegal trading of a public company's stock or other securities based on material, nonpublic information about the company.


lexentry: eng/insight__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insight
trans_list: introspekcja
sense:
A sight or view of the interior of anything; a deep inspection or view; introspection; frequently used with into.


lexentry: eng/insight__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: insight
trans_list: idea
sense:
(marketing) Knowledge (usually derived from consumer understanding) that a company applies in order to make a product or brand perform better and be more appealing to customers


lexentry: eng/insignia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: insignia
trans_list: insygnium
sense:
A symbol or token of personal power, status, or office, or of an official body of government or jurisdiction.


lexentry: eng/insinuate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: insinuate
trans_list: przypochlebiać się
sense:
(figurative, by extension) To ingratiate; to obtain access to or introduce something by subtle, cunning or artful means.


lexentry: eng/insist__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: insist
trans_list: nalegać
sense:
(sometimes, with (that + subjunctive), or, intransitive, with on or upon) To demand continually that something happen or be done; to reiterate a demand despite requests to abandon it.


lexentry: eng/insolation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insolation
trans_list: insolacja | nasłonecznienie
sense:
The incident radiant energy emitted by the sun which reaches a unit area over a period of time, typically measured over a horizontal area at the Earth's surface or at the top of Earth's atmosphere.


lexentry: eng/insolvency__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insolvency
trans_list: niewypłacalność | upadłość
sense:
(finance) The condition of being insolvent; the state or condition of a person who is insolvent; the condition of one who is unable to pay their debts as they fall due, or in the usual course of trade and business.


lexentry: eng/inspect__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inspect
trans_list: badać
sense:
To examine critically or carefully; especially, to search out problems or determine condition; to scrutinize.


lexentry: eng/inspiration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inspiration
trans_list: wdech
sense:
(physiology, uncountable) The drawing of air into the lungs, accomplished in mammals by elevation of the chest walls and flattening of the diaphragm, as part of the act of breathing.


lexentry: eng/inspiration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: inspiration
trans_list: natchnienie
sense:
A supernatural divine influence on the prophets, apostles, or sacred writers, by which they were qualified to communicate moral or religious truth with authority; a supernatural influence which qualifies people to receive and communicate divine truth; also, the truth communicated.


lexentry: eng/inspiration__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: inspiration
trans_list: inspiracja | natchnienie
sense:
The act or process of an elevating or stimulating influence upon the intellect, emotions or creativity.


lexentry: eng/inspire__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inspire
trans_list: inspirować | zainspirować
sense:
(transitive) To infuse into the mind; to communicate to the spirit; to convey, as by a divine or supernatural influence; to disclose preternaturally; to produce in, as by inspiration.


lexentry: eng/installation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: installation
trans_list: instalacja | instalowanie | montaż
sense:
Something installed, especially the whole of a system of machines, apparatus, and accessories, when set up and arranged for practical working, as in electric lighting, transmission of power, etc.


lexentry: eng/installment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: installment
trans_list: rata
sense:
(banking, finance) One member of a series of portions of a debt or sum of money, which portions may or may not be equated (depending in part on whether the interest rate is fixed or variable), payment of which portions are serially exacted at regularly scheduled intervals toward satisfaction of the total. Payments of installments are generally mensual, quarterly, triannual, biannual, or annual.


lexentry: eng/instance__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: instance
trans_list: instancja
sense:
(computing) A specific occurrence of something that is created or instantiated, such as a database, or an object of a class in object-oriented programming. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/instant__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: instant
trans_list: błyskawiczny
sense:
A beverage or food which has been pre-processed to reduce preparation time, especially instant coffee.


lexentry: eng/instant_coffee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instant coffee
trans_list: kawa rozpuszczalna
sense:
A beverage in the form of a powder, granules, or concentrated liquid, made from coffee and able to be quickly reconstituted by adding water.


lexentry: eng/instant_messenger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instant messenger
trans_list: komunikator | komunikator internetowy
sense:
(communication, computing) A computer application which allows instant text communication between two or more people through a network or the Internet in its entirety.


lexentry: eng/instant_noodle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instant noodle
trans_list: zupa błyskawiczna | zupka chińska
sense:
(chiefly, in the plural) One of a mass of dried precooked noodles fused with oil, usually soaked in boiling water for a few minutes before being eaten.


lexentry: eng/instantaneous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instantaneous
trans_list: chwilowy | momentalny
sense:
Occurring, arising, or functioning without any delay; happening within an imperceptibly brief period of time. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/instantiate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instantiate
trans_list: egzemplifikować
sense:
(transitive) To represent#Verb (a concept#Noun, theme#Noun, or principle#Noun) by an instance#Noun. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/instar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instar
trans_list: etap
sense:
Any one of the several stages of postembryonic development which an arthropod undergoes, between molts, before it reaches sexual maturity.


lexentry: eng/instigator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instigator
trans_list: podżegacz | podżegaczka
sense:
A person who intentionally instigates, incites, or starts something, especially one that creates trouble.


lexentry: eng/institution__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: institution
trans_list: instytucja
sense:
A long established and respected organization, particularly one involved with education, public service, or charity work.


lexentry: eng/instruction__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: instruction
trans_list: instrukcję użytkowania
sense:
(in the plural) A set of directions provided by a manufacturer for the users of a product or service.


lexentry: eng/instruction_set__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instruction set
trans_list: zestaw instrukcji
sense:
(computing) The set of machine instructions that a particular CPU can execute; the corresponding set of assembly language mnemonics.


lexentry: eng/instrumental__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: instrumental
trans_list: instrumentalny | narzędnikowy
sense:
(music) Pertaining to, made by, or prepared for an instrument, especially a musical instrument (rather than the human voice).


lexentry: eng/instrumental__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: instrumental
trans_list: instrumentalny
sense:
(music) A pause in the vocals of a song, usually occurring midway through, in which a musical instrument replaces the vocals.


lexentry: eng/instrumental__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: instrumental
trans_list: instrumentalny | narzędnikowy
sense:
(grammar) Applied to a case expressing means or agency, generally corresponding to the English use of prepositions such as by, with, through, or by means of with the objective case.


lexentry: eng/instrumental_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: instrumental case
trans_list: narzędnik
sense:
(grammar) A noun case used to express means or agency—and is generally indicated in English by by or with with the objective. Languages that use the instrumental case include Armenian, Serbo-Croatian, Czech, Dyirbal, Georgian, Latvian, Slovene, Polish, Ukrainian, Quechua, Russian, Assamese, Tamil, Turkish and Sanskrit. Extinct languages that used the instrumental case include Old English, Old Saxon and Old High German.


lexentry: eng/insulate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: insulate
trans_list: izolować
sense:
To separate a body or material from others, e.g. by non-conductors to prevent the transfer of electricity, heat, etc.


lexentry: eng/insulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: insulation
trans_list: izolacja
sense:
(engineering) The act of separating a body from others by nonconductors, so as to prevent the transfer of electricity, heat, or sound


lexentry: eng/insulator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insulator
trans_list: izolator
sense:
A substance that does not transmit heat (thermal insulator), sound (acoustic insulator) or electricity (electrical insulator).


lexentry: eng/insulator__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: insulator
trans_list: izolator
sense:
A non-conductive structure, coating or device that does not transmit sound, heat or electricity (see image)


lexentry: eng/insulin_shock_therapy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insulin shock therapy
trans_list: leczenie wstrząsami insulinowymi
sense:
(medicine, psychiatry, dated) An outdated type of shock therapy effected by means of injecting an overdose of insulin.


lexentry: eng/insult__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insult
trans_list: zniewaga | obraza | wyzwisko | awania | urąganie
sense:
(uncountable) Action or form of speech deliberately intended to be rude; (countable) a particular act or statement having this effect.


lexentry: eng/insult__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insult
trans_list: obrażać | obrazić
sense:
(transitive) To be insensitive, insolent, or rude to (somebody); to affront or demean (someone). [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/insurance_fraud__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insurance fraud
trans_list: oszustwo ubezpieczeniowe
sense:
(legal) Receiving insurance policy-based compensation by deceitfully causing an event that, if it were accidental, would lead to a rightful claim for said compensation.


lexentry: eng/insurance_policy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insurance policy
trans_list: polisa
sense:
(insurance) A legal document outlining a particular insurance cover for an insured entity for a given risk.


lexentry: eng/insure__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insure
trans_list: ubezpieczać | ubezpieczyć
sense:
(transitive) To provide for compensation if some specified risk occurs. Often agreed by policy (contract) to offer financial compensation in case of an accident, theft or other undesirable event.


lexentry: eng/insurgent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insurgent
trans_list: rebeliant | rebeliantka
sense:
One of several people who take up arms against the local state authority; a participant in insurgency.


lexentry: eng/insurrection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: insurrection
trans_list: insurekcja | bunt
sense:
(uncountable) The action of part or all of a national population violently rising up against the government or other authority; (countable) an instance of this; a revolt, an uprising; specifically, one that is at an initial stage or limited in nature.


lexentry: eng/intangible_asset__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intangible asset
trans_list: wartości niematerialne i prawne
sense:
(business, accounting) Any valuable property of a business that is not a physical by nature, including intellectual property, customer lists, and goodwill. Intangible assets may or may not be shown on the balance sheet.


lexentry: eng/integer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: integer
trans_list: liczba całkowita
sense:
(arithmetic) A number that is not a fraction; an element of the infinite and numerable set {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}.


lexentry: eng/integral__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: integral
trans_list: całka | całka oznaczona
sense:
(mathematics) One of the two fundamental operations of calculus (the other being differentiation), whereby a function's displacement, area, volume, or other qualities arising from the study of infinitesimal change are quantified, usually defined as a limiting process on a sequence of partial sums. Denoted using a long s: ∫, or a variant thereof.


lexentry: eng/integral_calculus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: integral calculus
trans_list: rachunek całkowy
sense:
(calculus) The calculus that generalizes summation to find areas, masses, volumes, sums, and totals of quantities described by continuously varying functions.


lexentry: eng/integral_domain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: integral domain
trans_list: dziedzina całkowitości
sense:
(algebra, ring theory) Any nonzero commutative ring in which the product of nonzero elements is nonzero. [from 1911]


lexentry: eng/integral_equation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: integral equation
trans_list: równanie całkowe
sense:
(mathematics) An equation involving a function f(x) and integrals of that function to be solved for f(x)


lexentry: eng/integrate__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: integrate
trans_list: integrować | całkować | scalać | scałkować
sense:
(mathematics, science, transitive) To subject to the operation of integration; to find the integral of an equation.


lexentry: eng/integrated_circuit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: integrated circuit
trans_list: układ scalony | scalak
sense:
(semiconductors) A thin chip, usually of silicon, consisting of at least two interconnected semiconductor devices, mainly transistors.


lexentry: eng/integration__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: integration
trans_list: całkowanie
sense:
(biology) In evolution, the process by which the manifold is compacted into the relatively simple and permanent; supposed to alternate with differentiation as an agent in species' development.


lexentry: eng/integration_by_parts__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: integration by parts
trans_list: całkowanie przez części
sense:
(analysis) A method of integration directly related to the rule for differentiation of products; can be written as \int u\ dv = uv - \int v\ du.


lexentry: eng/integrative_medicine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: integrative medicine
trans_list: medycyna komplementarna
sense:
Synonym of complementary medicine; the unifying concept is of integrating alternative medicine and scientific medicine as two components that complement each other.


lexentry: eng/intellect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intellect
trans_list: intelekt | rozum | rozsądek
sense:
(uncountable) The faculty of thinking, judging, abstract reasoning, and conceptual understanding; the cognitive faculty.


lexentry: eng/intellectual_property__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intellectual property
trans_list: własność intelektualna
sense:
(copyright law, uncountable) A kind of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect, such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks.


lexentry: eng/intelligence__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intelligence
trans_list: inteligencja | rozum | intelekt | rozsądek | um
sense:
(mostly, uncountable) The quality of making use or having made use of such capacities: depth of understanding, mental quickness.


lexentry: eng/intelligence__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: intelligence
trans_list: wywiad | inteligencja
sense:
(countable) A political or military department, agency or unit designed to gather information, usually secret, about the enemy or about hostile activities.


lexentry: eng/intelligence_agency__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intelligence agency
trans_list: służby specjalne
sense:
A governmental agency that is tasked with information gathering (known in the context as "intelligence") for purposes of national security and defense.


lexentry: eng/intelligence_quotient__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intelligence quotient
trans_list: iloraz inteligencji
sense:
A score derived from one of several different standardized tests attempting to measure a person's intelligence relative to that of the general population, with the average usually calibrated to a number around 100.


lexentry: eng/intelligent_design__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intelligent design
trans_list: teoria inteligentnego projektu
sense:
The belief that biological life on Earth, or more broadly, the universe as a whole, was created by an intelligent agent (specified or unspecified) rather than being the result of undirected natural processes.


lexentry: eng/intend__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intend
trans_list: zamierzać
sense:
(ambitransitive, usually followed by particle "to" + verb, or "on"/"upon" + noun) To fix the mind upon (something, or something to be accomplished); be intent upon


lexentry: eng/intendment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intendment
trans_list: legislator
sense:
(legal) the sense in which the legal system interprets something, especially the intention of legislation


lexentry: eng/intensive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: intensive
trans_list: intensywny
sense:
Chiefly suffixed to a noun: using something with intensity; requiring a great amount of something; demanding.


lexentry: eng/intensive_care__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intensive care
trans_list: intensywna opieka medyczna
sense:
(medicine) The support and monitoring of critically ill patients, especially by the use of instrumentation and specialized staff and equipment.


lexentry: eng/intensive_care_unit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intensive care unit
trans_list: oddział intensywnej terapii | OIOM | oddział intensywnej opieki medycznej
sense:
A part of a hospital into which critically ill patients, in danger of dying, are admitted and closely monitored.


lexentry: eng/intentionality__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intentionality
trans_list: intencjonalność
sense:
(philosophy) The characteristic of a mental state whereby it is about something, which relates to mental states in an analogous way as meaning relates to a word.


lexentry: eng/inter-__Prefix__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: inter-
trans_list: inter- | między-
sense:
Intermittently: the root verb is done between or among temporal entities; also forming nouns and adjectives derived from the verb form.


lexentry: eng/inter-__Prefix__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: inter-
trans_list: inter- | między-
sense:
Internally: the root verb is done in between or among relevant entities; also forming nouns and adjectives derived from the verb form.


lexentry: eng/inter-__Prefix__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: inter-
trans_list: inter- | między-
sense:
Intersocially: the root verb is done between or among social entities; also forming nouns and adjectives derived from the verb form.


lexentry: eng/inter-__Prefix__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: inter-
trans_list: inter- | między-
sense:
Interspatially: the root verb is done between or among spatial entities; also forming nouns and adjectives derived from the verb form.


lexentry: eng/interaction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interaction
trans_list: interakcja | oddziaływanie
sense:
The situation or occurrence in which two or more objects or events act upon one another to produce a new effect; the effect resulting from such a situation or occurrence.


lexentry: eng/interactive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interactive
trans_list: interaktywny
sense:
Interacting with or communicating with and reacting to each other; influencing or having an effect on each other; acting or capable of acting on each other or with the other.


lexentry: eng/intercalary__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intercalary
trans_list: przestępny
sense:
(botany) of a meristem: situated between zones of permanent tissue, thus a shoot growing at the base of a leaf, in comparison with apical growth at the tip of a root or plant.


lexentry: eng/intercept__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intercept
trans_list: przechwycić
sense:
(transitive, American football) Of a defensive player: to steal a pass thrown by the opposing team, gaining possession of the ball.


lexentry: eng/intercession__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intercession
trans_list: wstawiennictwo
sense:
A prayer to God on behalf of another person; especially, such a prayer offered by a heavenly saint on behalf of a mere mortal who has prayed to the saint for such help.


lexentry: eng/interchange__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interchange
trans_list: węzel
sense:
(countable) A junction in which traffic may merge to enter or diverge to exit a limited-access highway to access a surface street, without crossing traffic on the main highway.


lexentry: eng/interchange__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: interchange
trans_list: rozjazd | węzel
sense:
(rail transport, countable) A connection between two or more lines, services or modes of transport; a station at which such a connection can be made.


lexentry: eng/intercontinental_ballistic_missile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intercontinental ballistic missile
trans_list: międzykontynentalny pocisk balistyczny
sense:
(military, rocketry) A class of long-range missiles associated especially with carrying nuclear warheads.


lexentry: eng/interdict__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interdict
trans_list: zakazany
sense:
A papal decree prohibiting the administration of the sacraments from a political entity under the power of a single person (e.g., a king or an oligarchy with similar powers). Extreme unction/Anointing of the Sick is excepted.


lexentry: eng/interdict__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: interdict
trans_list: zabraniać
sense:
(transitive, US, military) To impede (an enemy); to interrupt or destroy (enemy communications, supply lines etc). [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/interdisciplinary__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Of or pertaining to multiple distinct academic disciplines or fields of study.
written_rep: interdisciplinary
trans_list:
interdyscyplinarny | międzydyscyplinarny | różnokierunkowy | wielodziedzinowy | wielostronny | wielowymiarowy


lexentry: eng/interest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interest
trans_list: odsetka | odsetek
sense:
(uncountable, finance) The price paid for obtaining, or price received for providing, money or goods in a credit transaction, calculated as a fraction of the amount or value of what was borrowed. [from earlier 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/interest__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interest
trans_list: zainteresowanie
sense:
(uncountable) A great attention and concern from someone or something; intellectual curiosity. [from later 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/interest__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: interest
trans_list: interesy | zainteresowanie
sense:
(countable) An involvement, claim, right, share, stake in or link with a financial, business, or other undertaking or endeavor.


lexentry: eng/interest__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: interest
trans_list: interesować | ciekawić | zainteresować | zajmować | zaciekawiać | zaciekawić
sense:
(obsolete, often, _, impersonal) To be concerned with or engaged in; to affect; to concern; to excite.


lexentry: eng/interest_rate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interest rate
trans_list: stopa procentowa
sense:
(finance) The percentage of an amount of money charged for its use per some period of time (often a year).


lexentry: eng/interface__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: interface
trans_list: granica międzyfazowa
sense:
(chemistry, physics) A thin layer or boundary between different substances or two phases of a single substance.


lexentry: eng/interface__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: interface
trans_list: interfejs | międzymordzie
sense:
(object-oriented) The connection between parts of software; also the public or published sections of an object or module,


lexentry: eng/interface__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: interface
trans_list: interfejs | międzymordzie
sense:
(object-oriented) In object-oriented programming, a piece of code defining a set of operations that other code must implement.


lexentry: eng/interface__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: interface
trans_list: styk | interfejs
sense:
(object-oriented programming) In some languages, a block of code declaring the interface (point of interconnection) between a class and code that interacts with it.


lexentry: eng/interference__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: interference
trans_list: przesłona
sense:
(chess) The interruption of the line between an attacked piece and its defender by sacrificially interposing a piece.


lexentry: eng/interferometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interferometer
trans_list: interferometr
sense:
(physics) Any of several instruments that use the interference of waves to determine wavelengths and wave velocities, determine refractive indices, measure small distances, temperature changes, stresses, and many other useful measurements.


lexentry: eng/interferon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interferon
trans_list: interferon
sense:
(biochemistry) Any of a group of glycoproteins, produced by the immune system, that prevent viral replication in infected cells.


lexentry: eng/interfix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interfix
trans_list: międzyrostek
sense:
(linguistic morphology) An empty morph inserted between two morphemes in the process of word formation, such as English -i- and -o-.


lexentry: eng/interjection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interjection
trans_list: wykrzyknik
sense:
(grammar) An exclamation or filled pause; a word or phrase with no particular grammatical relation to a sentence, often an expression of emotion.


lexentry: eng/interlanguage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interlanguage
trans_list: interjęzyk
sense:
A language generated by a student of a foreign language that incorporates aspects of their native language and the target language.


lexentry: eng/interleave__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: interleave
trans_list: przeplatać
sense:
(transitive) To intersperse (something) at regular intervals between the parts of a thing or between items in a group.


lexentry: eng/interlingual__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interlingual
trans_list: międzyjęzyczny | międzyjęzykowy
sense:
(linguistics, translation studies) Spanning multiple languages; having a multilingual flair or quality.


lexentry: eng/interlocking__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interlocking
trans_list: nastawnia
sense:
(rail) An arrangement of signal apparatus that prevents conflicting movements through a set of intersecting tracks, such as junctions or crossings.


lexentry: eng/interloper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interloper
trans_list: natręt
sense:
One who interferes, intrudes or gets involved where not welcome, particularly a self-interested intruder.


lexentry: eng/intermezzo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intermezzo
trans_list: interludium | intermedium | intermezzo | wstawka
sense:
(music, arts) A short piece of music or act in the interval of the main spectacle; a theatrical interlude.


lexentry: eng/intermission__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intermission
trans_list: antrakt
sense:
A break, especially between two performances or sessions, such as at a concert, play, seminar, or religious assembly.


lexentry: eng/intermittent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intermittent
trans_list: okresowy
sense:
(specifically, geology, of a body of water) Existing only for certain seasons; that is, being dry for part of the year.


lexentry: eng/internal_combustion_engine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: internal combustion engine
trans_list: silnik o spalaniu wewnętrznym
sense:
A heat engine in which intermittent or the continuous burning of a fuel takes place inside a combustion chamber; the resulting pressurized gas acts directly on the engine to do useful work, such as a piston engine, gas turbine, jet engine or rocket.


lexentry: eng/internal_monologue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: internal monologue
trans_list: monolog wewnętrzny
sense:
(communications, psychology) The inner voice of a person which provides a running verbal monologue of their thoughts, important in planning, problem solving, self-reflection, etc.


lexentry: eng/internal_occipital_protuberance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: internal occipital protuberance
trans_list: guz potyliczny wewnętrzny
sense:
(skeleton) A prominence on the inner surface of the occipital bone between the upper border and the foramen magnum.


lexentry: eng/international_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: international law
trans_list: prawo międzynarodowe
sense:
Set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations, serving as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations.


lexentry: eng/international_organization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: international organization
trans_list: organizacja międzynarodowa
sense:
(international law) An organisation established by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and possessing its own international legal personality.


lexentry: eng/international_waters__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: international waters
trans_list: wody międzynarodowe
sense:
(international law) Those parts of the ocean that are not legally recognized as being under the jurisdiction of any national government.


lexentry: eng/internationalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: internationalism
trans_list: internacjonalizm
sense:
(linguistics) A loanword that occurs in several languages with the same or similar meaning and etymology.


lexentry: eng/internment_camp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: internment camp
trans_list: obóz dla internowanych
sense:
(euphemism) a concentration camp, especially a non-Nazi one from before or during WWII; a detention center; a relocation camp.


lexentry: eng/interoperability__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: interoperability
trans_list: interoperacyjność
sense:
(military) The capacity for a service, piece of equipment etc., to be operated by different forces or groups.


lexentry: eng/interpellate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interpellate
trans_list: interpelować
sense:
(transitive, chiefly, politics) To question (someone) formally concerning official or governmental policy or business.


lexentry: eng/interpellation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interpellation
trans_list: interpelacja
sense:
(politics) The act of interpellating (questioning); the period in which government officials are questioned about and explain an act, a policy or a point raised during a debate.


lexentry: eng/interphase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interphase
trans_list: interfaza
sense:
(biology) The stage in the life cycle of a cell between two successive mitotic or meiotic divisions.


lexentry: eng/interpolate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interpolate
trans_list: interpolować
sense:
(transitive, intransitive) To introduce (something) between other things; especially to insert (possibly spurious) words into a text.


lexentry: eng/interposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interposition
trans_list: mediacja
sense:
The act of interposing, or the state of being interposed; a being, placing, or coming between; mediation.


lexentry: eng/interpret__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: interpret
trans_list: interpretować | zinterpretować
sense:
To explain or tell the meaning of; to translate orally into intelligible or familiar language or terms. applied especially to language, but also to dreams, signs, conduct, mysteries, etc.


lexentry: eng/interpretation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interpretation
trans_list: tłumaczenie
sense:
(uncountable, linguistics, translation studies) The discipline or study of translating one spoken or signed language into another (as opposed to translation, which concerns itself with written language).


lexentry: eng/interpreter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interpreter
trans_list: interpreter | tłumacz
sense:
(computing) A program that converts commands into machine language in real time rather than compiling it in advance. [1954]


lexentry: eng/interpreter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interpreter
trans_list: tłumacz | tłumaczka | tłumacz ustny | tłumacz symultaniczny
sense:
(music, theater) A performer who presents a piece of art in a distinct style, particularly so as to make older works relevant to their audience.


lexentry: eng/interregnum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interregnum
trans_list: bezkrólewie | interregnum | międzykrólewie
sense:
The period of time between the end of a sovereign or political leader's reign and the accession of another.


lexentry: eng/interrogative_pronoun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interrogative pronoun
trans_list: zaimek pytajny
sense:
(grammar) A pronoun used in a question. In English, the five interrogative pronouns are what, which, who, whom, and whose (also used as relative pronouns). These require no antecedent.


lexentry: eng/interrupt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interrupt
trans_list: przerwanie
sense:
(computing, electronics) An event that causes a computer or other device to temporarily cease what it was doing and attend to a condition.


lexentry: eng/interrupt__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interrupt
trans_list: przerwać | przerywać | wtrącać się | wtrącić się
sense:
(ambitransitive) To disturb or halt (an ongoing process or action, or the person performing it) by interfering suddenly, especially by speaking.


lexentry: eng/intersection__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: intersection
trans_list: punkt przecięcia
sense:
(geometry) The point or set of points common to two geometrical objects (such as the point where two lines meet or the line where two planes intersect).


lexentry: eng/intersex__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intersex
trans_list: interpłciowa | interpłciowe | interpłciowy
sense:
Of an individual, having any of a variety of inherent conditions (in a species with distinct sexes) in which one's sex characteristics differ from those of a typical male and female; for example, having sex characteristics relating to both male and female sexes.


lexentry: eng/intersexuality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intersexuality
trans_list: interpłciowość
sense:
The state of having the physical features of both sexes, or of having ambiguous sex, i.e. not unambiguously male or female.


lexentry: eng/interstate__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interstate
trans_list: międzystanowy
sense:
(chiefly, US, and, Australia) Crossing states (usually provincial state, but also e.g. multinational sense).


lexentry: eng/interstice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interstice
trans_list: biec
sense:
A small opening or space between objects, especially adjacent objects or objects set closely together, such as between cords in a rope, components of a multiconductor electrical cable or atoms in a crystal.


lexentry: eng/interstice__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interstice
trans_list: pauza
sense:
An interval of time required by the Roman Catholic Church between the attainment of different degrees of an order.


lexentry: eng/interval__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interval
trans_list: interwał
sense:
(music) The difference (a ratio or logarithmic measure) in pitch between two notes, often referring to those two pitches themselves (otherwise known as a dyad).


lexentry: eng/intervene__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: intervene
trans_list: przerwać | przerywać
sense:
(ambitransitive) To say (something) in the middle of a conversation or discussion between other people, or to respond to a situation involving other people.


lexentry: eng/interview__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: interview
trans_list: wywiad | interview
sense:
A conversation in person (or, by extension, over the telephone, Internet etc.) between a journalist and someone whose opinion or statements he or she wishes to record for publication, broadcast etc. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/interwar__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: interwar
trans_list: międzywojenny
sense:
During or relating to the period of time between two wars, especially the two World Wars (1919–1939).


lexentry: eng/intestine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intestine
trans_list: jelito | kiszka | trzewo
sense:
(anatomy, often pluralized) The alimentary canal of an animal through which food passes after having passed all stomachs.


lexentry: eng/intestine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intestine
trans_list: jelito
sense:
One of certain subdivisions of this part of the alimentary canal, such as the small or large intestine in human beings.


lexentry: eng/intimacy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intimacy
trans_list: bliskość | intymność
sense:
(uncountable, countable) Feeling or atmosphere of closeness and openness towards someone else, often but not necessarily involving sexuality.


lexentry: eng/intimidate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intimidate
trans_list: zastraszyć | zastraszać
sense:
(transitive) To make timid or afraid; to cause to feel fear or nervousness; to deter, especially by threats of violence.


lexentry: eng/into__Preposition__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: into
trans_list: dzielony przez | po rozpoczęciu
sense:
(mathematics) Expressing the operation of division, with the denominator given first. Usually with "goes".


lexentry: eng/intolerance__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intolerance
trans_list: nietolerancja
sense:
(countable, medicine) Extreme sensitivity to a food or drug; of a food that is generally considered edible, an individual inability to digest it.


lexentry: eng/intolerant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intolerant
trans_list: nietolerancyjny | nietolerujący
sense:
Not tolerant; close-minded about new or different ideas; indisposed to tolerate contrary opinions or beliefs; impatient of dissent or opposition; denying or refusing the right of private opinion or choice in others; inclined to persecute or suppress dissent.


lexentry: eng/intonation__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: intonation
trans_list: intonacja
sense:
Reciting in a musical prolonged tone; intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice, as of a priest.


lexentry: eng/intractable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intractable
trans_list: trudny
sense:
(maths) (of a mathematical problem) Not able to be solved in polynomial time; too difficult to attempt to solve.


lexentry: eng/intrauterine_device__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intrauterine device
trans_list: spirala | wkładka
sense:
A contraceptive device consisting of a spiral or similar shape of plastic or metal inserted through the vagina into the uterus in order to prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg.


lexentry: eng/intrigue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intrigue
trans_list: intryga
sense:
A complicated or clandestine plot or scheme intended to effect some purpose by secret artifice; conspiracy; stratagem.


lexentry: eng/intrigue__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: intrigue
trans_list: fabuła
sense:
The plot of a play, poem or romance; the series of complications in which a writer involves their imaginary characters.


lexentry: eng/intrinsic_motivation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intrinsic motivation
trans_list: wewnętrzna motywacja
sense:
(psychology) The incentive to undertake an activity based on the expected enjoyment of the activity itself, rather than external benefits that might result.


lexentry: eng/intrinsic_value__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intrinsic value
trans_list: wartość wewnętrzna
sense:
(finance, economics) The real value of something, calculated with regard to an inherent, objective measure, which may not take into account its market value or face value.


lexentry: eng/introit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: introit
trans_list: introit
sense:
(Roman Catholicism, music) A prayer, typically part of a psalm or other portion of the Bible, read or sung at the start of Mass while or immediately after the priest ascends to the altar.


lexentry: eng/introjection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: introjection
trans_list: introjekcja
sense:
(psychology) The process whereby the ideas of another are unconsciously incorporated into one's own psyche.


lexentry: eng/intron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intron
trans_list: intron
sense:
(genetics) A portion of a split gene that is included in pre-RNA transcripts but is removed during RNA processing and rapidly degraded.


lexentry: eng/introspection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: introspection
trans_list: introspekcja | autoanaliza | samoanaliza
sense:
(psychology) A looking inward; specifically, the act or process of self-examination, or inspection of one's own thoughts and feelings; the cognition which the mind has of its own acts and states.


lexentry: eng/intrude__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intrude
trans_list: przeszkadzać
sense:
(intransitive) To thrust oneself in; to come or enter without invitation, permission, or welcome; to encroach; to trespass.


lexentry: eng/intrusive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intrusive
trans_list: natrętny
sense:
Tending to intrude; doing that which is not welcome; interrupting or disturbing; entering without permission or welcome.


lexentry: eng/intubation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intubation
trans_list: intubacja
sense:
(medicine) The introduction of a tube into an organ to keep it open, as into the larynx in cases of croup.


lexentry: eng/intuitionistic_logic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: intuitionistic logic
trans_list: logika intuicjonistyczna
sense:
(mathematics, logic) A type of logic which rejects the axiom law of excluded middle or, equivalently, the law of double negation and/or Peirce's law. It is the foundation of intuitionism.


lexentry: eng/inulin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inulin
trans_list: inulina
sense:
(carbohydrate) A polysaccharide found in the roots and tubers of certain plants, especially the Compositae; it is mostly a polymer of fructose.


lexentry: eng/invalid__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: invalid
trans_list: inwalida | inwalidka
sense:
(dated, sometimes, offensive) A person who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury; one who is too sick or weak to care for themselves.


lexentry: eng/invasion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: invasion
trans_list: inwazja
sense:
A military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory or altering the established government.


lexentry: eng/invasive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: invasive
trans_list: inwazyjny
sense:
(military, also, figuratively) That invades a foreign country using military force; also, militarily aggressive.


lexentry: eng/invasive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: invasive
trans_list: inwazyjny
sense:
(biology) Of an animal or plant: that grows (especially uncontrollably) in environments which do not harbour natural enemies, often to the detriment of native species or of food or garden flora and fauna.


lexentry: eng/invasive_species__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: invasive species
trans_list: gatunek inwazyjny
sense:
(biology) Any species that has been introduced to an environment where it is not native, and that has since become a nuisance through rapid spread and increase in numbers, often to the detriment of native species.


lexentry: eng/inveigh__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inveigh
trans_list: besztać
sense:
(intransitive, with against or occasionally about, formerly also with on, at, upon) To complain loudly, to give voice to one's censure or criticism [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/invention__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: invention
trans_list: wynalazek
sense:
(music) A small, self-contained composition, particularly those in J.S. Bach’s Two- and Three-part Inventions.


lexentry: eng/inventive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: inventive
trans_list: pomysłowy | wynalazczy
sense:
Possessed of a particular capacity for the design of new mechanisms or processes, creative or skilful at inventing.


lexentry: eng/inverse__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: inverse
trans_list: przeciwieństwo
sense:
(card games) The winning of the coup in a game of rouge et noir by a card of a color different from that first dealt; the area of the table reserved for bets upon such an outcome.


lexentry: eng/inverse_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inverse function
trans_list: funkcja odwrotna
sense:
(mathematics) For a given function f, another function, denoted f−1, that reverses the mapping action of f; (formally) given a function f: X\rightarrow Y, a function g: Y\rightarrow X such that, \forall x\in X,\ f(x) = y \implies g(y)=x.


lexentry: eng/inversion__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: inversion
trans_list: odwrócenie
sense:
(music) The flipping of a melody or contrapuntal line so that high notes become low and vice versa; the reversal of a pitch contour.


lexentry: eng/inversion__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: inversion
trans_list: odwrócenie
sense:
(grammar) Deviation from standard word order, as for example by putting the predicate before the subject. It takes place in questions with auxiliary verbs; in normal, affirmative clauses beginning with a negative particle, for the purpose of emphasis; and in other rhetorical devices or unusual situations.


lexentry: eng/inversive_geometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inversive geometry
trans_list: geometria inwersyjna
sense:
(geometry) The branch of geometry concerned with inversion transformations, specifically circle inversions in the Euclidean plane, but also as generalised in non-Euclidean and higher-dimensional spaces.


lexentry: eng/inverted__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: inverted
trans_list: odwrotny
sense:
Having the order or direction changed; for example, turned upside down, reversed, or in any other way opposite or contrary.


lexentry: eng/invertible_matrix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: invertible matrix
trans_list: macierz odwrotna
sense:
(linear algebra) Any n×n square matrix for which there exists a corresponding inverse matrix (i.e., a second (or possibly the same) matrix such that when the two are multiplied by each other, in either order, the result is the n×n identity matrix).


lexentry: eng/investigation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: investigation
trans_list: śledztwo | dochodzenie
sense:
The act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up; research, especially patient or thorough inquiry or examination


lexentry: eng/investigative_journalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: investigative journalism
trans_list: dziennikarstwo śledcze
sense:
A form of journalism in which the reporter deeply investigates a single topic of interest, often involving crime or corruption.


lexentry: eng/investment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: investment
trans_list: inwestycja
sense:
(finance) A placement of capital in expectation of deriving income or profit from its use or appreciation.


lexentry: eng/investment_bank__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: investment bank
trans_list: bank inwestycyjny
sense:
(banking, finance) A financial institution that deals with raising capital, trading in securities and managing corporate mergers and acquisitions.


lexentry: eng/investment_fund__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: investment fund
trans_list: fundusz inwestycyjny
sense:
(finance) A fund consisting of investments made by a group of people and managed by a professional investment manager.


lexentry: eng/invisible_hand__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: invisible hand
trans_list: niewidzialna ręka rynku
sense:
(economics) A metaphor for the principle that in a free market, an individual pursuing his own self-interest also tends to promote the good of his community as a whole.


lexentry: eng/invisible_ink__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: invisible ink
trans_list: atrament sympatyczny
sense:
An ink, invisible on application or soon thereafter, that can later be rendered visible by some process, such as exposing it to heat.


lexentry: eng/invitation__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: invitation
trans_list: zaproszenie
sense:
(bridge) A bid that tells one's partner that game or slam is likely if their hand is at the strong end of what they have indicated.


lexentry: eng/invocation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: invocation
trans_list: inwokacja
sense:
The act or form of calling for the assistance or presence of some superior being, especially prayer offered to a divine being.


lexentry: eng/invoice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: invoice
trans_list: faktura
sense:
A bill; a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer indicating the products, quantities and agreed prices for products or services that the seller has already provided the buyer with. An invoice indicates that, unless paid in advance, payment is due by the buyer to the seller, according to the agreed terms.


lexentry: eng/involution__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: involution
trans_list: inwolucja
sense:
(mathematics) An endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse.


lexentry: eng/involve__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: involve
trans_list: angażować | zaangażować
sense:
To cause or engage (someone or something) to become connected or implicated, or to participate, in some activity or situation.


lexentry: eng/involved__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: involved
trans_list: zaangażowany | zainteresowany
sense:
Associated with others, be a participant or make someone be a participant (in a crime, process, etc.)


lexentry: eng/iodometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iodometry
trans_list: jodometria
sense:
(chemistry) An analytical technique that uses the sudden disappearance (or appearance) of iodine to mark the end of a redox titration


lexentry: eng/ion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ion
trans_list: jon
sense:
An atom or group of atoms bearing an electrical charge, such as the sodium and chlorine atoms in a salt solution.


lexentry: eng/ion_channel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ion channel
trans_list: kanał jonowy
sense:
(biochemistry) A protein complex or single protein that spans between both sides of a cell membrane and allows specific ions to pass through.


lexentry: eng/ionic_bond__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ionic bond
trans_list: wiązanie jonowe
sense:
(physical chemistry) A type of chemical bond where two atoms or molecules are connected to each other by electrostatic attraction.


lexentry: eng/ionization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ionization
trans_list: jonizacja
sense:
(chemistry, physics) Any process that leads to the dissociation of a neutral atom or molecule into charged particles ions; the state of being ionized.


lexentry: eng/ionize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ionize
trans_list: jonizować | zjonizować
sense:
(physical chemistry) To dissociate atoms or molecules into electrically charged species; to be thus dissociated.


lexentry: eng/ionosphere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ionosphere
trans_list: jonosfera
sense:
The part of the Earth's atmosphere beginning at an altitude of about 50 kilometers (31 miles) and extending outward 500 kilometers (310 miles) or more.


lexentry: eng/iridescence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iridescence
trans_list: iryzacja | tęczowanie
sense:
The condition or state of being iridescent; exhibition of colors like those of the rainbow; a prismatic play of color.


lexentry: eng/iridium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iridium
trans_list: iryd
sense:
(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol Ir) with an atomic number of 77: a very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group.


lexentry: eng/iris__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iris
trans_list: kosaciec | irys | tęczówka
sense:
(botany) A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See w:Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).


lexentry: eng/iris__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: iris
trans_list: tęczówka | kosaciec
sense:
(anatomy) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, which adjusts to control the amount of light reaching the retina, and which forms the colored portion of the eye (See w:Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).


lexentry: eng/irksome__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irksome
trans_list: nieprzyjemny
sense:
Marked by irritation or annoyance; disagreeable; troublesome by reason of long continuance or repetition


lexentry: eng/iron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iron
trans_list: żelazo
sense:
(uncountable) A common, inexpensive metal, silvery grey when untarnished, that rusts, is attracted by magnets, and is used in making steel: a chemical element having atomic number 26 and symbol Fe.


lexentry: eng/iron__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iron
trans_list: prasować | uprasować | wyprasować
sense:
(transitive) To pass an iron over (clothing or some other item made of cloth) in order to remove creases.


lexentry: eng/iron_curtain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iron curtain
trans_list: żelazna kurtyna
sense:
(theater) A barrier made of iron in a theatre, lowered between the stage and the auditorium for safety or to prevent communication.


lexentry: eng/iron_filings__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iron filings
trans_list: opiłki żelaza
sense:
small fragments of iron, filed from a bar; used to visualize the presence of a magnetic field, and as a food additive


lexentry: eng/iron_oxide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iron oxide
trans_list: tlenek żelaza
sense:
(chemistry) Either of two compounds obtained by the reaction of oxygen on iron. Generally known as rust when hydrated.


lexentry: eng/ironing_board__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ironing board
trans_list: deska do prasowania | deska do prasowania
sense:
A long board, often covered with fabric and having on legs that are usually collapsible, on which one can iron clothes.


lexentry: eng/irony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irony
trans_list: ironia
sense:
(rhetoric) The quality of a statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context.


lexentry: eng/irony__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: irony
trans_list: ironia
sense:
(informal) Contradiction between circumstances and expectations; condition contrary to what might be expected. [from the 1640s]


lexentry: eng/irradiate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irradiate
trans_list: napromieniować | napromieniowywać
sense:
(often, literary, or, poetic) To make (someone or something) bright by shining light on them or it; to brighten, to illuminate.


lexentry: eng/irrational__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: irrational
trans_list: niewymierny | irracjonalny
sense:
(mathematics, arithmetic, number theory, not comparable) Of a real number, that cannot be written as the ratio of two integers.


lexentry: eng/irrationalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irrationalism
trans_list: irracjonalizm
sense:
A philosophical movement formed as a cultural reaction against positivism in the early 20th century.


lexentry: eng/irredentist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irredentist
trans_list: irredentysta
sense:
Someone who calls for the seizure or recovery of territories or states currently subject to other countries; an adherent of irredentism.


lexentry: eng/irregular__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: irregular
trans_list: nieregularny
sense:
(grammar, of a word) not following the regular or expected patterns of inflection in a given language


lexentry: eng/irregularity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: irregularity
trans_list: nieprawidłowość
sense:
(uncountable) The state or condition of being irregular, or the extent to which something is irregular.


lexentry: eng/irrelevant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irrelevant
trans_list: nieistotny | nie à propos | niepowiązany | niezwiązany
sense:
Not usefully related: not associated in any way that is important or useful to the context being discussed: not materially applicable; having connections not applicable in the present situation.


lexentry: eng/irresistible_grace__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irresistible grace
trans_list: łaska skuteczna
sense:
(Christianity, theology) A doctrine, one of the Five Points of Calvinism, stating that the salvific benefit of Jesus Christ's substitutionary atonement on the cross is extended to those predestined unto salvation, without any possibility of Satan or sin successfully defeating God's election.


lexentry: eng/irresponsibility__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irresponsibility
trans_list: nieodpowiedzialność
sense:
The character or state of being irresponsible; lack of or freedom from responsibility; want of accountability.


lexentry: eng/irreverent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irreverent
trans_list: bez szacunku
sense:
Lacking respect; not having or not showing respect for or seriousness towards something that is usually treated with respect; going against conventional precepts.


lexentry: eng/irrevocably__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irrevocably
trans_list: bezapelacyjnie | nieodwołalnie
sense:
In an irrevocable manner; in a manner which prevents the ability to be reverted, repealed, or undone.


lexentry: eng/irrigation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irrigation
trans_list: irygacja | nawadnianie
sense:
The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants.


lexentry: eng/irritable_bowel_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: irritable bowel syndrome
trans_list: zespół jelita drażliwego
sense:
(pathology) A functional disorder causing the nerves and muscles of the large intestine to be oversensitive, leading to symptoms such as cramp, bloating, flatulence, diarrhoea and constipation.


lexentry: eng/irritation__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: irritation
trans_list: irytacja
sense:
A condition of morbid excitability or oversensitiveness of an organ or part of the body; a state in which the application of ordinary stimuli produces pain or excessive or vitiated action.


lexentry: eng/is_anyone_sitting_here__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: is anyone sitting here
trans_list: czy to miejsce jest wolne?
sense:
Used to ask whether a seat near the interlocutor is currently occupied (by someone temporarily absent).


lexentry: eng/isabelline_shrike__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isabelline shrike
trans_list: dzierzba pustynna
sense:
Lanius isabellinus, a member of the shrike family (Laniidae). It was formerly considered conspecific with the red-tailed shrike and the red-backed shrike.


lexentry: eng/ischemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ischemia
trans_list: niedokrwienie
sense:
(cardiology, pathology) Local disturbance in blood circulation due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply (for example, embolism, thrombosis, or vasoconstriction).


lexentry: eng/isinglass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isinglass
trans_list: karuk
sense:
A form of gelatine obtained from the air bladder of the sturgeon and certain other fish, used as an adhesive and as a clarifying agent for wine and beer.


lexentry: eng/island__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: island
trans_list: wyspa
sense:
(by extension, in place names) A contiguous area of land, smaller than a continent, partially surrounded by water; A peninsula; A half-island.


lexentry: eng/isolation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isolation
trans_list: izolacja | odosobnienie
sense:
(chiefly, uncountable) The state of being isolated, detached, or separated; the state of being away from other people.


lexentry: eng/isolation__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: isolation
trans_list: izolacja
sense:
(medicine) The separation of a patient, suffering from a contagious disease, from contact with others (compare: quarantine)


lexentry: eng/isolation_transformer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isolation transformer
trans_list: transformator separacyjny
sense:
A transformer used to transfer electrical power from a source of alternating current (AC) power to some equipment or device while galvanically isolating the device from the power source, usually for safety reasons.


lexentry: eng/isomer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isomer
trans_list: izomer
sense:
(physical chemistry) Any of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structure.


lexentry: eng/isomer__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: isomer
trans_list: izomer
sense:
(nuclear physics) Any of two or more atomic nuclei with the same mass number and atomic number but with different radioactive properties.


lexentry: eng/isomerism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isomerism
trans_list: izomeria
sense:
(physical chemistry) the phenomenon of the existence of isomers - the existence of different substances with the same molecular formulae


lexentry: eng/isometric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: isometric
trans_list: izometryczny
sense:
(physiology) Of or involving muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle remains the same. See also: Wikipedia:isometric exercise


lexentry: eng/isomorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: isomorphism
trans_list: izomorfizm
sense:
(category theory) A morphism which has a two-sided inverse; the composition of the morphism and such an inverse yields either one of two identity morphisms (depending on the order of composition).


lexentry: eng/isomorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: isomorphism
trans_list: izomorfizm
sense:
(group algebra) A bijection f such that both f and its inverse f −1 are homomorphisms, that is, structure-preserving mappings.


lexentry: eng/isopentane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isopentane
trans_list: izopentan
sense:
(organic compound) An aliphatic hydrocarbon with the chemical structure CH2CH2CH(CH3)2; isomeric with pentane and neopentane.


lexentry: eng/isoprene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isoprene
trans_list: izopren
sense:
(organic compound) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C5H8, that is readily polymerized; natural rubber (caoutchouc) is cis-1,4-polyisoprene, and trans-1,4-polyisoprene is present in gutta-percha and balata; it is the structural basis for the terpenes.


lexentry: eng/isotone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isotone
trans_list: izoton
sense:
(nuclear physics) Any of a number of nuclides of different elements that have the same number of neutrons.


lexentry: eng/isotope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isotope
trans_list: izotop
sense:
(nuclear physics) Any of two or more forms of an element where the atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons within their nuclei. Thus, isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number.


lexentry: eng/isotype__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isotype
trans_list: izotyp
sense:
(immunology) A marker corresponding to an antigen found in all members of a subclass of a specific class of immunoglobulins


lexentry: eng/issue__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: issue
trans_list: egzemplarz | wydanie
sense:
The entire set of some item printed and disseminated during a certain period, particularly (publishing) a single printing of a particular edition of a work when contrasted with other print runs.


lexentry: eng/issue__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: issue
trans_list: problem
sense:
(US, originally, _, psychology, usually, in the plural) A psychological or emotional difficulty, (now, _, informal, figurative, _, and, _) any problem or concern considered as a vague and intractable difficulty.


lexentry: eng/isthmus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: isthmus
trans_list: przesmyk | istm | istmus | międzymorze
sense:
(landforms) A narrow strip of land, bordered on both sides by water, and connecting two larger landmasses.


lexentry: eng/it's_a_small_world__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it's a small world
trans_list: jaki ten świat mały
sense:
Used to express surprise at meeting an acquaintance or discovering a personal connection in a distant place or an unexpected context.


lexentry: eng/it's_about_time__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it's about time
trans_list: krzyż na drogę
sense:
(idiomatic, sarcastic) Used to express impatience at the eventual occurrence of something that the speaker or writer has deemed to be long overdue.


lexentry: eng/it's_the_thought_that_counts__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it's the thought that counts
trans_list: liczy się gest
sense:
When giving someone a present or doing a favour for someone, the kindness behind the act is more important than any other consideration.


lexentry: eng/it__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it
trans_list: to | ono
sense:
The third-person singular neuter personal pronoun used to refer to an inanimate object, abstract entity, or non-human living thing.


lexentry: eng/it__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: it
trans_list: ono | to
sense:
The impersonal pronoun, used without referent as the subject of an impersonal verb or statement (known as the dummy pronoun, dummy it or weather it).


lexentry: eng/it__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: it
trans_list: ono | to
sense:
The impersonal pronoun, used without referent, or with unstated but contextually implied referent, in various short idioms or expressions.


lexentry: eng/it__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: it
trans_list: ono | to
sense:
The impersonal pronoun, used as a placeholder for a delayed subject, or less commonly, object; known as the dummy pronoun (according to some definitions), anticipatory it or, more formally in linguistics, a syntactic expletive. The delayed subject is commonly a to-infinitive, a gerund, or a noun clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction.


lexentry: eng/it_ain't_over_'til_the_fat_lady_sings__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it ain't over 'til the fat lady sings
trans_list: dopóki piłka w grze, wszystko jest możliwe
sense:
There are more developments yet to come; one should not presume to know the outcome of an event which is still in progress.


lexentry: eng/it_figures__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it figures
trans_list: oczywiście | wiadomo
sense:
(idiomatic, North America) Used to indicate that a preceding event or statement by another is an unsurprising accompaniment of known facts and circumstances.


sense_num: 01
sense: (Christianity, Biblical) It is unlikely that the wealthy will go to heaven.
trans_list: łatwiej jest wielbłądowi przejść przez ucho igielne, niż bogatemu wejść do królestwa niebieskiego
lexentry:
eng/it_is_easier_for_a_camel_to_go_through_the_eye_of_a_needle_than_for_a_rich_man_to_enter_into_the_kingdom_of_God__Proverb__1

written_rep:
it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God


lexentry: eng/it_is_what_it_is__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it is what it is
trans_list: jest jak jest
sense:
(idiomatic) That's life; expressing resignment to a situation or set of circumstances, usually without complaint


lexentry: eng/it_is_what_it_is__Phrase__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: it is what it is
trans_list: jest jak jest
sense:
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see it,‎ is,‎ what,‎ it,‎ is. This thing has its own distinct nature; this thing is itself.


lexentry: eng/it_takes_all_kinds_to_make_a_world__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it takes all kinds to make a world
trans_list: na świecie różnie bywa
sense:
(idiom) Diversity is essential: the world would be incomplete if everyone were alike; an expression of surprise at a person or people's eccentricity.


lexentry: eng/it_takes_one_to_know_one__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it takes one to know one
trans_list: swój swojego zawsze pozna
sense:
(idiomatic) Expressing the same underlying character-judgment themes as pot calling the kettle black or set a thief to catch a thief.


lexentry: eng/it_takes_two_to_tango__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: it takes two to tango
trans_list: do tanga trzeba dwojga
sense:
(idiomatic) Some things need the active cooperation of two parties; blame is to be laid on both parties in a conflict.


lexentry: eng/italic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: italic
trans_list: kursywa
sense:
(typography, of a typeface or font) Designed to resemble a handwriting style developed in Italy in the 16th century.


lexentry: eng/itch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: itch
trans_list: swędzenie | świąd | świerzbienie
sense:
A sensation felt on an area of the skin that causes a person or animal to want to scratch said area.


lexentry: eng/iterative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iterative
trans_list: iteracyjny
sense:
Of a procedure that involves repetition of steps (iteration) to achieve the desired outcome; in computing this may involve a mechanism such as a loop.


lexentry: eng/iterative_aspect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: iterative aspect
trans_list: aspekt iteratywny
sense:
(grammar) A subclass of imperfective verbs that denote a continuously repeated action. An example in English would be the iterative verb sniffle, as opposed to the noniterative sniff.


lexentry: eng/itself__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: itself
trans_list: się
sense:
(reflexive pronoun) it; A thing as the object of a verb or preposition that also appears as the subject


lexentry: eng/itself__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: itself
trans_list: się | ono samo
sense:
(emphatic) it; used to intensify the subject, especially to emphasize that it is the only participant in the predicate


lexentry: eng/ivory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ivory
trans_list: kość słoniowa
sense:
(uncountable) The hard white form of dentin which forms the tusks of elephants, walruses and other animals.


lexentry: eng/ivory__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: ivory
trans_list: kość słoniowa
sense:
(collective, singular or in plural) The keys of a piano; or, the white keys, as opposed to the black keys (ebonies).


lexentry: eng/ivory_tower__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ivory tower
trans_list: wieża z kości słoniowej
sense:
(idiomatic) A sheltered, overly-academic existence or perspective, implying a disconnection or lack of awareness of reality or practical considerations.


lexentry: eng/jabiru__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jabiru
trans_list: żabiru
sense:
A species of bird Jabiru mycteria in the monotypic genus Jabiru, of the stork family Ciconiidae, endemic to the Americas.


lexentry: eng/jacamar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jacamar
trans_list: złotopiór
sense:
Any of various insectivorous tropical birds, of the family Galbulidae, having iridescent plumage and a long, sharp bill.


lexentry: eng/jacana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jacana
trans_list: długoszpon
sense:
Any of a group of wading birds in the family Jacanidae, usually having long toes and claws, and found throughout the world.


lexentry: eng/jack-o'-lantern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jack-o'-lantern
trans_list: latarnia z dyni
sense:
A carved pumpkin whose top and stem have been cut out and interior removed, leaving a hollow shell that is then decorated to represent a face, illuminated from within by a candle. It is a symbol of Halloween.


lexentry: eng/jack__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jack
trans_list: lewar
sense:
A mechanical device used to raise and (temporarily) support a heavy object, now especially to lift one side of a motor vehicle when (e.g.) changing a tyre. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/jack_mackerel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jack mackerel
trans_list: ostrobok
sense:
Any of various edible fish, especially of genus Trachurus, but also genera Caranx, Acanthocybium, and Euthynnus.


lexentry: eng/jack_of_all_trades__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jack of all trades
trans_list: omnibus
sense:
(idiomatic) One competent in many endeavours, sometimes regarded as not excelling in any of them. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/jackal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jackal
trans_list: szakal
sense:
Any of certain wild canids of the genera Lupulella and Canis, native to the tropical Old World and smaller than a wolf.


lexentry: eng/jacket__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jacket
trans_list: kurtka
sense:
A piece of clothing worn on the upper body outside a shirt or blouse, often waist length to thigh length.


lexentry: eng/jackhammer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jackhammer
trans_list: młot pneumatyczny
sense:
A portable percussive power tool that combines a hammer and chisel used to drill or break hard matter, for instance rock or concrete.


lexentry: eng/jade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jade
trans_list: żad
sense:
A semiprecious stone, either nephrite or jadeite, generally green or white in color, often used for carving figurines.


lexentry: eng/jadeite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jadeite
trans_list: jadeit
sense:
(mineral) A pyroxene mineral, a sodium aluminium silicate with the chemical formula Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6, found in metamorphic rocks.


lexentry: eng/jaggery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jaggery
trans_list: jaggery
sense:
A traditional dark-brown unrefined sugar made from palm tree sap which is used throughout South and Southeast Asia; (by extension) other types of unrefined sugar.


lexentry: eng/jail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jail
trans_list: więzienie
sense:
A place or institution for the confinement of persons held against their will in lawful custody or detention, especially (in US usage) a place where people are held for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding.


lexentry: eng/jailbait__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jailbait
trans_list: jagnięcina
sense:
(slang) A sexually mature person below, or appearing to be below, the legal age of consent, who is regarded, usually by an adult, as being sexually attractive and/or seductive.


lexentry: eng/jalousie__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jalousie
trans_list: żaluzje
sense:
Upward sloping window slats which form a blind or shutter, allowing light and air in but excluding rain and direct sun.


lexentry: eng/jam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jam
trans_list: dżem
sense:
(less common in the, _, US, &, Canada) A sweet mixture of fruit boiled with sugar and allowed to congeal. Often spread on bread or toast or used in jam tarts.


lexentry: eng/jam__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: jam
trans_list: zagłuszać
sense:
To block or confuse a radio or radar signal by transmitting a more-powerful signal on the same frequency.


lexentry: eng/jam_session__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jam session
trans_list: jam session
sense:
(music) An informal gathering of musicians to play music, especially improvised jazz or a similar genre.


lexentry: eng/jamb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jamb
trans_list: węgar | węgarek
sense:
(architecture, interior decorating, carpentry) Either of the vertical components that form the side of an opening in a wall, such as that of a door frame, window frame, or fireplace.


lexentry: eng/janissary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: janissary
trans_list: janczar
sense:
(historical) An infantry soldier, often of European Christian background from the Balkans as well as Eastern Europe and forcibly converted to Islam, in a former elite Turkish (Ottoman) guard (disbanded in 1826).


lexentry: eng/janitor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: janitor
trans_list: woźna | woźny
sense:
(Scotland, Hong Kong) A caretaker or custodian; someone who maintains a school building specifically and may serve other administrative roles.


lexentry: eng/jar__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jar
trans_list: słoik | słój
sense:
A small, approximately cylindrical container, normally made of clay or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes.


lexentry: eng/jasmine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jasmine
trans_list: jaśmin
sense:
Any of several plants, of the genus Jasminum, mostly native to Asia, having fragrant white or yellow flowers.


lexentry: eng/jasper__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jasper
trans_list: jaspis
sense:
An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking conchoidally with a smooth surface.


lexentry: eng/jaundice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jaundice
trans_list: żółtaczka
sense:
(pathology) A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine. [from early 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/javelin_throw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: javelin throw
trans_list: rzut oszczepem
sense:
(athletics) An athletic throwing event where the object to be thrown is the javelin, a spear-like object made of metal, fiberglass and, in some cases, kyshashrek.


lexentry: eng/jaws_of_life__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jaws of life
trans_list: szczęki życia
sense:
(firefighting) Emergency rescue equipment used to open a severely damaged passenger vehicle with a strong mechanical jaw function that forcibly pushes or pulls metal components apart, to quickly and somewhat safely extricate the trapped occupants.


lexentry: eng/jazz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jazz
trans_list: jazz | dżez
sense:
(music genre) A musical art form rooted in West African cultural and musical expression and in the African American blues tradition, with diverse influences over time, commonly characterized by blue notes, syncopation, swing, call and response, polyrhythms and improvisation.


lexentry: eng/jealous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jealous
trans_list: zazdrosny
sense:
Suspecting rivalry in love; troubled by worries that one might have been replaced in someone's affections; suspicious of a lover's or spouse's fidelity. [from 13th c.]


lexentry: eng/jealous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: jealous
trans_list: zazdrosny
sense:
Envious; feeling resentful or angered toward someone for a perceived advantage or success, material or otherwise. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/jeer__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jeer
trans_list: wyśmiewać | kpić
sense:
(intransitive, with at) To utter sarcastic or mocking comments; to speak with mockery or derision; to use taunting language.


lexentry: eng/jejunum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jejunum
trans_list: jelito czcze
sense:
(anatomy) The central of the three divisions of the small intestine which lies between the duodenum and the ileum


lexentry: eng/jelly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jelly
trans_list: galaretka
sense:
(Commonwealth) A dessert made by boiling gelatine (or a plant-based alternative such as agar or carrageenan), sugar and some flavouring (often derived from fruit) and allowing it to set.


lexentry: eng/jelly_bean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jelly bean
trans_list: cukierek
sense:
A small, bean-shaped, chewy candy/sweet with a firm coating and a jelly-like center, made of sugar, flavoring, coloring and sometimes starch or other thickener, and usually sold assorted in a wide variety of flavors and bright colors.


lexentry: eng/jellyfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jellyfish
trans_list: meduza
sense:
An almost transparent aquatic animal; any one of the acalephs, especially one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance.


lexentry: eng/jerboa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jerboa
trans_list: skoczek
sense:
Any of a number of species comprising the family Dipodidae, native to the deserts of Asia and northern Africa, being a small, jumping rodent with a long tufted tail, very small forefeet and very long hind legs.


lexentry: eng/jeremiad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jeremiad
trans_list: jeremiada
sense:
A long speech or prose work that bitterly laments the state of society and its morals, and often contains a prophecy of its coming downfall.


lexentry: eng/jerrycan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jerrycan
trans_list: kanister
sense:
A robust container for fuel or water, of a certain more or less rectangular shape, often made from pressed steel.


lexentry: eng/jet_bridge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jet bridge
trans_list: palec
sense:
(aviation) An elevated corridor connecting an airport to a plane, usually enclosed and used for disembarking and embarking passengers and crew.


lexentry: eng/jet_engine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jet engine
trans_list: silnik odrzutowy
sense:
An engine that obtains thrust by taking in air at the front, using it to burn fuel, then ejecting the hot combustion products at the rear through a propulsive nozzle.


lexentry: eng/jet_engine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jet engine
trans_list: silnik odrzutowy
sense:
Any engine propelled by expelling a high speed fluid jet (jet propulsion), such as a rocket, turbojet, turbofan, ramjet, etc.


lexentry: eng/jet_lag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jet lag
trans_list: jet lag | jetlag
sense:
(aviation) A physical condition caused by crossing time zones during flight; often the result of disruption to the circadian rhythms of the body.


lexentry: eng/jet_pack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jet pack
trans_list: jet pack
sense:
(aviation) A piece of equipment that may be strapped to a person’s back and generate vertical thrust by a downward discharge of jet fluid, thereby rendering the person capable of flight.


lexentry: eng/jet_propulsion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jet propulsion
trans_list: napęd odrzutowy
sense:
Propulsion that is caused by the expulsion of a jet of fluid, especially by a jet engine or jellyfish.


lexentry: eng/jet_ski__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jet ski
trans_list: skuter wodny
sense:
A small motorized watercraft with a flattish hull and an upright centre, which a rider sits astride.


lexentry: eng/jet_stream__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jet stream
trans_list: prąd strumieniowy
sense:
(meteorology) any of the high-speed, high-altitude air currents that circle the Earth in a westerly direction


lexentry: eng/jetty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jetty
trans_list: molo
sense:
A structure of wood or stone extended into the sea to influence the current or tide, or to protect a harbor or beach.


lexentry: eng/jetwash__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jetwash
trans_list: myć pod ciśnieniem | umyć pod ciśnieniem
sense:
(chiefly, British English, transitive) To remove something (especially dirt or graffiti) by spraying it with high-pressure water.


lexentry: eng/jewel__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jewel
trans_list: klejnot
sense:
A valuable object used for personal ornamentation, especially one made of precious metals and stones; a piece of jewellery.


lexentry: eng/jewellery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jewellery
trans_list: biżuteria
sense:
Collectively, personal ornamentation such as rings, necklaces, brooches and bracelets, made of precious metals and sometimes set with gemstones.


lexentry: eng/jib__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jib
trans_list: kliwer
sense:
(nautical, usually with a modifier) Any of a variety of specialty triangular staysails set forward of the foremast.


lexentry: eng/jib_boom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jib boom
trans_list: bomstenga | bukszpir | kliwerbom
sense:
(nautical) A spar attached to the outboard end of a bowsprit or flying jib boom with an additional stay to increase sail area.


lexentry: eng/jigger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jigger
trans_list: palec
sense:
(US) A double-ended vessel, generally of stainless steel or other metal, one end of which typically measures 1½ fluid ounces (approx. 44 ml), the other typically 1 fluid ounce (approx. 30 ml).


lexentry: eng/jiggermast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jiggermast
trans_list: czwarty w wysokości maszt
sense:
(nautical) The fourth-tallest mast on a ship with more than three masts; particularly a full-rigged ship.


lexentry: eng/jigsaw_puzzle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jigsaw puzzle
trans_list: puzzle
sense:
A type of puzzle in which the aim is to reconstruct a picture that has been cut (originally, with a jigsaw) into many small interlocking pieces.


lexentry: eng/jihadism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jihadism
trans_list: dżihadyzm
sense:
The ideological movement within modern Islamism that advocates armed jihad and hostility against non-believers.


lexentry: eng/jimsonweed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jimsonweed
trans_list: bieluń dziędzierzawa | diabelskie ziele
sense:
(US) A poisonous plant of the Datura stramonium species, part of the nightshade (Solanaceae) family, occasionally ingested as a hallucinogen.


lexentry: eng/jingle_bell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jingle bell
trans_list: bubieniec
sense:
A small, hollow, spherical metal bell with a narrow slit opening or small holes, containing a loose ball or rod as a clapper, which is attached to a horse's harness as a signal, or (percussion instrument) used as a musical instrument.


lexentry: eng/jingoism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jingoism
trans_list: hurrapatriotyzm
sense:
(uncountable) Excessive patriotism or aggressive nationalism, especially with regards to foreign policy.


lexentry: eng/jingoistic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jingoistic
trans_list: szowinista
sense:
Overly patriotic or nationalistic, often with an element of favouring war or an aggressive foreign policy.


lexentry: eng/jinn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jinn
trans_list: dżin
sense:
(Arabic culture) A human-like spiritual or immaterial being, as opposed to al-ins (people), often invisible but able to manifest in form and also inhabit people or animals; origin of the genie of Western literature, film etc.


lexentry: eng/jive__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jive
trans_list: tanczyć
sense:
(intransitive, colloquial) To dance, originally to jive or swing music; later, to jazz, rock and roll, rhythm and blues, disco, etc.


lexentry: eng/jizya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jizya
trans_list: dżizja
sense:
(Islam, historical) A per capita tax levied on a section of an Islamic state's non-Muslim citizens, who meet certain criteria.


lexentry: eng/job__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: job
trans_list: praca | zadanie | zajęcie
sense:
(computing) A task, or series of tasks, carried out in batch mode (especially on a mainframe computer).


lexentry: eng/job_interview__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: job interview
trans_list: rozmowa kwalifikacyjna | interview | rozmowa o pracę
sense:
A formal interview in which a job applicant must answer questions, especially in a professional manner, to determine whether they are suitable for the job applied for.


lexentry: eng/jockstrap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jockstrap
trans_list: suspensorium
sense:
(sports) An athletic supporter worn by men and boys to support the genitals during strenuous exercise.


lexentry: eng/john__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: john
trans_list: ubikacja
sense:
(slang, US) A device or place to urinate and defecate: now usually a toilet or lavatory, but also (dated) a chamber pot or outhouse.


lexentry: eng/joint-stock_company__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joint-stock company
trans_list: spółka akcyjna | SA
sense:
(business, finance, legal, UK) A company with transferable ownership interests and limited shareholder liability.


lexentry: eng/joint-stock_company__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: joint-stock company
trans_list: spółka akcyjna | SA
sense:
(business, finance, legal, US) A company with transferable ownership interests and unlimited shareholder liability.


lexentry: eng/joint__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: joint
trans_list: staw
sense:
(anatomy) Any part of an animalian body where two bones or exoskeleton segments are abutted, in most cases allowing that part of the body to be bent or straightened.


lexentry: eng/joint__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: joint
trans_list: złącze
sense:
A cut of meat, especially (but not necessarily) (a) one containing a joint in the sense of an articulation or (b) one rolled up and tied.


lexentry: eng/joint_lock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joint lock
trans_list: dźwignia
sense:
(combat sports) Any lock designed to hyperextend one of the joints of the body, leading to pain and/or injury.


lexentry: eng/joint_venture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joint venture
trans_list: joint venture | wspólne przedsięwzięcie
sense:
A cooperative partnership between two individuals or businesses in which profits and risks are shared.


lexentry: eng/joist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joist
trans_list: stragarz
sense:
A piece of timber or steel laid horizontally, or nearly so, to which the planks of the floor, or the laths or furring strips of a ceiling, are nailed.


lexentry: eng/joker__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: joker
trans_list: dżoker | joker
sense:
A playing card that features a picture of a joker (that is, a jester) and that may be used as a wild card in some card games.


lexentry: eng/jot__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jot
trans_list: skrobnąć
sense:
(transitive) Chiefly followed by down: to write (something) quickly; to make a brief note of (something).


lexentry: eng/jotun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jotun
trans_list: olbrzym
sense:
(Norse mythology) A member of a race of giants who usually stand in opposition to the Æsir and especially to Thor.


lexentry: eng/joule__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joule
trans_list: dżul
sense:
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of energy, work and heat; the work required to exert a force of one newton for a distance of one metre. Equivalent to one watt of power for a duration of one second. Symbol: J


lexentry: eng/journal__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: journal
trans_list: dziennik | log | rejestr zdarzeń
sense:
(computing) A chronological record of changes made to a database or other system; along with a backup or image copy that allows recovery after a failure or reinstatement to a previous time; a log.


lexentry: eng/journalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: journalism
trans_list: dziennikarstwo
sense:
The aggregating, writing, editing, and presenting of news or news articles for widespread distribution, typically in electronic publications, broadcast news media, or printed newspapers or periodicals, for the purpose of informing the audience, relying on a style of writing characteristic for this purpose, consisting of direct presentation of facts or events and (depending on type) either with or without analysis or interpretation.


lexentry: eng/joust__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joust
trans_list: turniej
sense:
A tilting match: a mock combat between two mounted knights or men-at-arms using lances in the lists or enclosed field.


lexentry: eng/joy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joy
trans_list: radość | uciecha
sense:
A feeling of extreme happiness or cheerfulness, especially related to the acquisition or expectation of something good.


lexentry: eng/joyride__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: joyride
trans_list: przejażdżka kradzionym samochodem dla zabawy
sense:
An instance of driving a motor vehicle in a carefree or reckless manner, especially a vehicle which has been taken without the permission of the owner.


lexentry: eng/joystick__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: joystick
trans_list: dżojstik | joystick
sense:
A mechanical control device consisting of a handgrip mounted on a base or pedestal and typically having one or more buttons, used to control an aircraft, computer, or other equipment.


lexentry: eng/jubilee__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: jubilee
trans_list: jubileusz
sense:
A major anniversary of an event, particularly the fiftieth (50th) anniversary of a coronation or marriage. [from late 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/judge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: judge
trans_list: sędzia | sędzina
sense:
A public official whose duty it is to administer the law, especially by presiding over trials and rendering judgments; a justice.


lexentry: eng/judgement_day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: judgement day
trans_list: dzień sądu | sąd ostateczny
sense:
(Christianity, Islam, Judaism, sometimes, capitalized) The final trial of all humankind, both the living and the dead, by God expected to take place at the end of the world, when each is rewarded or punished according to their merits.


lexentry: eng/judgment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: judgment
trans_list: rozsądek | osąd | rozeznanie | sąd | wyczucie
sense:
The power or faculty of performing such operations; especially, when unqualified, the faculty of judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely.


lexentry: eng/judgment__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: judgment
trans_list: osądzanie | proces | postępowanie
sense:
(legal) The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge.


lexentry: eng/judgment_call__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: judgment call
trans_list: decyzja
sense:
Any decision or other determination based on subjective criteria, especially one which takes into account the particular circumstances of a situation.


lexentry: eng/judicial_branch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: judicial branch
trans_list: judykatura | judykatywa | władza sądownicza
sense:
The branch of government which is concerned with the administration of justice through the interpretation of the law.


lexentry: eng/jug__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jug
trans_list: dzbanek | dzban | gąsior
sense:
A serving vessel or container, typically circular in cross-section and typically higher than it is wide, with a relatively small mouth or spout, an ear handle and often a stopper or top.


lexentry: eng/juggle__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: juggle
trans_list: żonglować
sense:
To manipulate objects, such as balls, clubs, beanbags, rings, etc. in an artful or artistic manner. Juggling may also include assorted other circus skills such as the diabolo, devil sticks, hat, and cigar box manipulation as well.


lexentry: eng/juggling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: juggling
trans_list: żonglerka | żonglowanie | żonglerstwo
sense:
The art of moving objects, such as balls, clubs, beanbags, rings, etc. in an artful or artistic manner.


lexentry: eng/jugular_vein__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jugular vein
trans_list: żyła szyjna
sense:
(anatomy) Any of several veins on each side of the neck, which drain the brain, face and neck of deoxygenated blood.


lexentry: eng/jukebox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jukebox
trans_list: jukebox | szafa grająca
sense:
A coin-operated machine that plays recorded music, with push-buttons to make selections. [from 1939]


lexentry: eng/jump__Noun__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: jump
trans_list: skok
sense:
(mathematics) A discontinuity in the graph of a function, where the function is continuous in a punctured interval of the discontinuity.


lexentry: eng/jump__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jump
trans_list: skakać | skoczyć
sense:
(intransitive) To propel oneself rapidly upward, downward and/or in any horizontal direction such that momentum causes the body to become airborne.


lexentry: eng/jump__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: jump
trans_list: podskakiwać | podskoczyć
sense:
(intransitive) To react to a sudden, often unexpected, stimulus (such as a sharp prick or a loud sound) by jerking the body violently.


lexentry: eng/jump__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: jump
trans_list: skakać
sense:
(intransitive) To employ a move in certain board games where one game piece is moved from one legal position to another passing over the position of another piece.


lexentry: eng/jump_rope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jump rope
trans_list: skakanka
sense:
(uncountable) (also jump-roping, jumping rope) The activity, game or exercise in which a person must jump, bounce or skip repeatedly while a length of rope is swung over and under, both ends held in the hands of the jumper, or alternately, held by two other participants.


lexentry: eng/jump_the_shark__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jump the shark
trans_list: schodzić na psy z fabułą | zejść na psy z fabułą
sense:
(idiomatic, of a television program or other narrative) To undergo a storyline development which heralds a fundamental and generally disappointing change in direction.


lexentry: eng/jumping_jack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jumping jack
trans_list: pajacyk
sense:
A physical exercise performed by jumping to a position with the legs spread wide and the hands touching overhead and then returning to a position with the feet together and the arms at the sides.


lexentry: eng/jumping_jack__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: jumping jack
trans_list: pajacyk
sense:
(dated) A toy figure of a person with jointed limbs that can be made to appear to dance or jump by pulling an attached string.


lexentry: eng/jumping_spider__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jumping spider
trans_list: skaczel | skakun
sense:
Any of very many spiders, of the family Salticidae, that jump from place to place with the aid of a silk tether.


lexentry: eng/jungle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jungle
trans_list: dżungla
sense:
A large, undeveloped, humid forest, especially in a tropical region, that is home to many wild plants and animals; a tropical rainforest.


lexentry: eng/jungle_gym__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jungle gym
trans_list: małpi gaj
sense:
(US, Israel) A play structure designed for children to climb on, traditionally constructed as a frame of metal bars as introduced in 1920.


lexentry: eng/junior_high_school__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: junior high school
trans_list: college
sense:
(US) A school for children who have completed elementary school or grade school, but are not yet old enough for high school. It often includes grades 7 and 8, and possibly also 6 or 9.


lexentry: eng/juniper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: juniper
trans_list: jałowiec
sense:
Any shrub or tree of the genus Juniperus of the cypress family, which is characterized by pointed, needle-like leaves and aromatic berry-like cones.


lexentry: eng/junk_food__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: junk food
trans_list: śmieciowe jedzenie
sense:
(informal) Food with little or no nutritional value; alternatively, food that supplies a large amount of nutrients but also excess calories, excess sugar or starch, and so on.


lexentry: eng/junket__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: junket
trans_list: ballada
sense:
A pleasure trip; a journey made for feasting or enjoyment, now especially a trip made ostensibly for business but which entails merrymaking or entertainment.


lexentry: eng/juridical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: juridical
trans_list: prawny
sense:
Pertaining to the law or rule of law, legal; judicial, related to the administration of justice (as to jurisprudence, or to the function of a judge or court).


lexentry: eng/juridical_act__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: juridical act
trans_list: akt prawny
sense:
(civil, _, law, Louisiana, Philippines) Any conduct by a person intended to create, modify, transfer, preserve, or extinguish a right, obligation, or legal relationship.


lexentry: eng/juristic_act__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: juristic act
trans_list: akt prawny
sense:
(civil, _, law, South Africa) Any conduct by a person intended to create, modify, transfer, preserve, or extinguish a right, obligation, or legal relationship.


lexentry: eng/jury__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jury
trans_list: sąd przysięgłych | ława przysięgłych
sense:
(law) A group of individuals chosen from the general population to hear and decide a case in a court of law.


lexentry: eng/jussive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jussive
trans_list: tryb ścięty
sense:
(grammar, uncountable, and, countable) The jussive mood, a verb inflection used to indicate a command, permission or agreement with a request; an instance of a verb so inflected.


lexentry: eng/justiciable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: justiciable
trans_list: rozstrzygany przez sąd
sense:
(legal) Of or pertaining to justiciability; able to be evaluated and resolved by the courts; that can be adjudicated.


lexentry: eng/justification__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: justification
trans_list: usprawiedliwienie | uzasadnienie
sense:
(countable) A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence.


lexentry: eng/justification__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: justification
trans_list: justyfikacja
sense:
(typography, uncountable) The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification).


lexentry: eng/justify__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: justify
trans_list: wyjustować
sense:
(transitive, typography) To arrange (text) on a page or a computer screen such that the left and right ends of all lines within paragraphs are aligned.


lexentry: eng/jute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: jute
trans_list: juta
sense:
The coarse, strong fibre of the East Indian plants, Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis, used to make mats, paper, gunny cloth etc.


lexentry: eng/juvenile__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: juvenile
trans_list: małoletni | młodociany | nieletni
sense:
(criminal law) A person younger than the age of full criminal responsibility, such that the person either cannot be held criminally liable or is subject to less severe forms of punishment.


lexentry: eng/kabuki__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kabuki
trans_list: kabuki
sense:
(often, capitalized) A form of Japanese theatre in which elaborately costumed male performers use stylized movements, dances, and songs in order to enact tragedies and comedies.


lexentry: eng/kachelofen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kachelofen
trans_list: piec kaflowy
sense:
A German type of ceramic tile stove or cocklestove which captures heat from periodic burning of fuel such as wood and radiates it over a long period to heat a living space.


lexentry: eng/kachina__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kachina
trans_list: kaczyni
sense:
A vaguely ancestral anthropomorphic spirit being, associated with clouds and rain or personifying the power in the sun, the earth, or corn (among other things).


lexentry: eng/kaddish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kaddish
trans_list: kadisz | kadysz
sense:
(Judaism) A Jewish prayer of praise to God recited during services, and specifically when mourning the death of a close relative.


lexentry: eng/kafir__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kafir
trans_list: kafir
sense:
(Islam, countable, offensive, religious slur, political) A disbeliever, a denier: someone who rejects or disbelieves in Allah or the tenets of Islam; or more broadly any non-Muslim.


lexentry: eng/kaka__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kaka
trans_list: kaka | nestor kaka
sense:
Any of four taxa of birds in the genus Nestor in the parrot family confined to New Zealand and adjacent islands.


lexentry: eng/kakapo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kakapo
trans_list: kakapo
sense:
A large flightless parrot, Strigops habroptilus, with greenish plumage, that is nocturnal and native to New Zealand.


lexentry: eng/kakistocracy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kakistocracy
trans_list: kakistokracja
sense:
(political science) Government under the control of a nation's worst or least-qualified citizens. [from 1829.]


lexentry: eng/kakuro__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kakuro
trans_list: kakuro
sense:
(games) A type of number puzzle, similar to a crossword but with numbers. Each "clue" is the sum of the digits to be placed in its group of squares, and no digit can be repeated within a group.


lexentry: eng/kalach__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kalach
trans_list: kołacz
sense:
Traditional East Slavic bread shaped like a padlock or various kinds of wheels. Other Slavic nations have similar but not identical types of pastry, e.g. Czech or Slovak koláč/koláč, Polish kołacz, Bulgarian колач, Serbo-Croatian колач/kolač, etc.


lexentry: eng/kale__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kale
trans_list: jarmuż
sense:
An edible plant, similar to cabbage, with curled leaves that do not form a dense head (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)


lexentry: eng/kaleidoscope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kaleidoscope
trans_list: kalejdoskop
sense:
An instrument consisting of a tube containing mirrors and loose, colourful beads or other objects; when the tube is looked into and rotated, a succession of symmetrical designs can be seen. [from 1817]


lexentry: eng/kalokagathia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kalokagathia
trans_list: kalokagatia
sense:
(philosophy) A Platonic teaching consisting of the harmonious combination of bodily, moral and spiritual virtues. It is a classical Greek and Platonic ideal denoting the harmonious unity of bodily excellence, moral virtue, and intellectual cultivation. It expresses the integration of physical beauty, ethical character, and rational insight within a single, well-formed soul—where reason governs, spirit aligns with justice, and appetite is moderated. Rooted in the educational tradition of paideia, kalokagathia represents the perfection of human nature in accordance with both external nobility and inner truth.


lexentry: eng/kana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kana
trans_list: kana
sense:
The hiragana and katakana syllabaries. These are made up of characters that represent individual syllables, which are used to write Japanese words and particles. Kana are derived from kanji.


lexentry: eng/kangaroo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kangaroo
trans_list: kangur | kangurzyca
sense:
A member of the Macropodidae family of large marsupials with strong hind legs for hopping, native to Australia. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/kangaroo_court__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kangaroo court
trans_list: dintojra | sąd kapturowy
sense:
(originally, US, idiomatic) A judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding, or a group of people which conducts such proceedings, which is without proper authority, and often acts abusively or decides unjustly. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/kantar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kantar
trans_list: kantar
sense:
a unit of weight used in Eastern Mediterranean countries, varying from place to place (44.93 kg in Egypt)


lexentry: eng/kaolinite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kaolinite
trans_list: kaolinit
sense:
(mineral) A common hydrous aluminosilicate mineral found in sediments, soils and sedimentary rocks, Al2Si2O5(OH)4; one of the kaolin group of minerals.


lexentry: eng/kaon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kaon
trans_list: kaon
sense:
(particle) any of four unstable subatomic particles, mesons, they are a combination of a strange quark or antiquark and either an up or down quark or antiquark


lexentry: eng/kapo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kapo
trans_list: kapo
sense:
(historical) A prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp who was given food and privileges in return for supervising other prisoners doing forced labor.


lexentry: eng/kapok__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kapok
trans_list: kapok
sense:
A silky fibre obtained from seed pods of the silk-cotton tree (Ceiba pentandra) used for insulation and stuffing for mattresses, pillows, etc.


lexentry: eng/karaoke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: karaoke
trans_list: karaoke
sense:
(uncountable) A form of entertainment popular in clubs, at parties, etc, in which individual members of the public sing along to pre-recorded instrumental versions of popular songs, the lyrics of which are displayed for the singer on a screen in time with the music.


lexentry: eng/karate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: karate
trans_list: karate
sense:
An Okinawan martial art involving primarily punching and kicking, but additionally, advanced throws, arm bars, grappling and all means of fighting.


lexentry: eng/karma__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: karma
trans_list: karma | karman
sense:
(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) The sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth.


lexentry: eng/karst__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: karst
trans_list: kras
sense:
(geology) A type of land formation, usually with many caves formed through the dissolving of limestone by underground drainage.


lexentry: eng/karyotype__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: karyotype
trans_list: kariotyp
sense:
(genetics) The observed characteristics (number, type, shape, etc) of the chromosomes of an individual or species.


lexentry: eng/kasseri__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kasseri
trans_list: ser żółty
sense:
A medium-hard pale yellow cheese of Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey, usually made from unpasteurized sheep milk.


lexentry: eng/katakana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: katakana
trans_list: katakana
sense:
(uncountable) A Japanese syllabary used when writing words borrowed from foreign languages other than Chinese, specific names of plants and animals and other jargon, onomatopoeia, or to emphasize a word or phrase. Also used to write the Ainu language.


lexentry: eng/katal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: katal
trans_list: katal
sense:
(chemistry) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of catalytic activity; one mole per second. Symbol: kat.


lexentry: eng/katana__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: katana
trans_list: katana
sense:
(weaponry) A type of Japanese longsword, having a single edge and slight curvature, historically used by samurai and ninja.


lexentry: eng/kauri__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kauri
trans_list: agatis nowozelandzki | soplica australijska | soplica kauri | soplica południowa
sense:
(NZ) A conifer of the genus Agathis, found in Australasia and Melanesia, especially Agathis australis. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/kauri__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: kauri
trans_list: agatis | damara | soplica
sense:
A resinous product of the kauri tree, found in the form of yellow or brown lumps in the ground where the trees have grown. It is used for making varnish, and as a substitute for amber.


lexentry: eng/kayak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kayak
trans_list: kajak
sense:
A type of small boat, covered over by a surface deck, powered by the occupant or occupants using a double-bladed paddle in a sitting position, from a hole in the surface deck


lexentry: eng/kaymak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kaymak
trans_list: kajmak
sense:
A creamy dairy product, similar to clotted cream, made in the Balkans, Turkey, the Middle East, Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, and India. It is made from the milk of water buffalos in the East or of cows in the West.


lexentry: eng/kazoo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kazoo
trans_list: kazoo | mirliton
sense:
(musical instrument) A simple musical instrument (a membranophone) consisting of a pipe with a hole in it, producing a buzzing sound when the player hums into it.


lexentry: eng/kebab__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kebab
trans_list: kebab
sense:
(British) A dish of pieces of meat, fish, or vegetables roasted on a skewer or spit, especially a doner kebab.


lexentry: eng/keel__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: keel
trans_list: kil | stępka
sense:
(nautical) A rigid, flat piece of material anchored to the lowest part of the hull of a ship to give it greater control and stability.


lexentry: eng/keel_over__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keel over
trans_list: wywrócić
sense:
(intransitive, nautical, also, _, figuratively) Of a vessel: to roll so far on its side that it cannot recover; to capsize or turn turtle.


lexentry: eng/keelson__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keelson
trans_list: nadstępka
sense:
(nautical) A longitudinal beam fastened on top of the keel of a vessel for strength and stiffness. [from c. 1611]


lexentry: eng/keen__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keen
trans_list: gorliwy
sense:
(chiefly, Commonwealth) Often with a prepositional phrase, or with to and an infinitive: showing a quick and ardent responsiveness or willingness; eager, enthusiastic, interested.


lexentry: eng/keep_it_together__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keep it together
trans_list: trzymać się w garści | zachować spokój | zachowywać spokój
sense:
(informal, idiomatic) To maintain composure; to avoid an overly emotional reaction; to suppress an instinct or urge.


lexentry: eng/keep_one's_head_above_water__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keep one's head above water
trans_list: utrzymać się na powierzchni | utrzymywać się na powierzchni
sense:
(idiomatic) To survive or endure, especially in a situation in which one is struggling to avoid being overwhelmed by adverse financial circumstances.


lexentry: eng/keep_someone_company__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keep someone company
trans_list: dotrzymywać towarzystwa
sense:
(idiomatic) To remain with or accompany someone, especially to make them feel more comfortable with a certain situation.


lexentry: eng/keep_the_change__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keep the change
trans_list: reszty nie trzeba
sense:
An instruction to a taxi driver, waiter etc. to keep the change from the amount handed over as a tip.


lexentry: eng/keep_up_appearances__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keep up appearances
trans_list: zachować pozory | zachowywać pozory
sense:
(idiomatic) To artificially maintain an outward sign of normality; to maintain an appearance of wealth, comfort, or propriety.


lexentry: eng/keeper__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: keeper
trans_list: strażniczka | strażnik
sense:
A person charged with guarding or caring for, storing, or maintaining something; a custodian, a guard; sometimes a gamekeeper.


lexentry: eng/keepsake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keepsake
trans_list: pamiątka
sense:
An object given by a person and retained in memory of something or someone; something kept for sentimental or nostalgic reasons.


lexentry: eng/kelvin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kelvin
trans_list: kelwin
sense:
In the International System of Units, the base unit of thermodynamic temperature; 1⁄273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. The unit symbol is "K".


lexentry: eng/kenning__Noun__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kenning
trans_list: kenning
sense:
(poetry) A metaphorical compound or phrase, used especially in Germanic poetry (Old English or Old Norse) whereby a simple thing is described in an allusive way.


lexentry: eng/kenosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kenosis
trans_list: kenoza
sense:
(Christianity) Christ's voluntary abasement consisting of humanity and the simultaneous occultation of the Divinity.


lexentry: eng/keratoconus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keratoconus
trans_list: stożek rogówki
sense:
(pathology) A degenerative non-inflammatory disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to thin and change to a more conical shape than its normal even curve.


lexentry: eng/kerb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kerb
trans_list: krawężnik
sense:
(British, AU, NZ) The raised edge between the pavement and the roadway, typically made of concrete though originally consisting of a line of kerbstones.


lexentry: eng/kerfuffle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kerfuffle
trans_list: poruszenie
sense:
(chiefly, Commonwealth, informal) A disorderly outburst, disturbance, commotion, or tumult. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/kernel__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: kernel
trans_list: jądro | jajko
sense:
(computing) The central part of many computer operating systems which manages the system's resources and the communication between hardware and software components.


lexentry: eng/kernel__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: kernel
trans_list: jądro
sense:
(mathematics, algebra, loosely, of a morphism f between algebraic structures) The set of elements of the domain of f which are mapped to an identity element.


lexentry: eng/kerosene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kerosene
trans_list: nafta
sense:
A thin, often colorless or blue or straw-colored petroleum-based fuel, heavier than gasoline/petrol or naphtha but lighter than diesel, used primarily as jet fuel but also for heating and lighting in some remote or impoverished areas.


lexentry: eng/kerygma__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kerygma
trans_list: kerygmat
sense:
The Apostolic proclamation of religious truths; the core teachings of Christianity taught by the early Church.


lexentry: eng/ketamine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ketamine
trans_list: ketamina
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic compound used as a dissociative anesthetic and analgesic drug and also recreationally as a hallucinogen.


lexentry: eng/ketch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ketch
trans_list: kecz
sense:
A fore-and-aft rigged sailing vessel with two masts, main and mizzen, the mizzen being stepped forward of the rudder post.


lexentry: eng/ketchup__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ketchup
trans_list: keczup | ketchup
sense:
(uncountable, chiefly, US, Canada, UK) Ellipsis of tomato ketchup (“a tomato-vinegar-based sauce, sometimes containing spices, onion or garlic, and (especially in the US) sweeteners”).


lexentry: eng/ketone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ketone
trans_list: keton
sense:
(organic compound) A homologous series of organic molecules whose functional group is an oxygen atom joined to a carbon atom—by a double bond—in a carbon-hydrogen based molecule.


lexentry: eng/kettlebell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kettlebell
trans_list: giria
sense:
A weight consisting of a cast iron ball with a single handle for gripping the weight during exercise.


lexentry: eng/kettledrum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kettledrum
trans_list: kocioł
sense:
(musical instruments) A large percussion instrument with a drumhead that is stretched over a hemispherical metal bowl.


lexentry: eng/kettling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kettling
trans_list: wiersza
sense:
A crowd control technique, used by police, where a hostile group of protesters or rioters are surrounded and not allowed to disperse, sometimes with the use of temporary fencing to corral and isolate portions of the group.


lexentry: eng/key__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: key
trans_list: klawisz
sense:
(computing) One of several small, usually square buttons on a typewriter or computer keyboard, mostly corresponding to text characters.


lexentry: eng/key__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: key
trans_list: klucz | klawisz
sense:
In instruments with a keyboard such as an organ or piano, one of the levers, or especially the exposed front end of it, which are depressed to cause a particular sound or note to be produced.


lexentry: eng/key__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: key
trans_list: klucz
sense:
In musical instruments, one of the valve levers used to select notes, such as a lever opening a hole on a woodwind.


lexentry: eng/key__Noun__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: key
trans_list: klucz
sense:
(historical) A manual electrical switching device primarily used for the transmission of Morse code.


lexentry: eng/key__Noun__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: key
trans_list: klucz
sense:
(cryptography) A piece of information (e.g., a password or passphrase) used to encode or decode a message or messages.


lexentry: eng/key__Noun__1
sense_num: 15
written_rep: key
trans_list: klucz
sense:
(databases) In a relational database, a field used as an index into another table (not necessarily unique).


lexentry: eng/key__Noun__1
sense_num: 18
written_rep: key
trans_list: klucz
sense:
(biology) A series of logically organized groups of discriminating information which aims to allow the user to correctly identify a taxon.


lexentry: eng/key_logger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: key logger
trans_list: rejestrator klawiszy
sense:
(computing) Software or hardware designed to record keyboard entries, often for the purpose of stealing passwords or other sensitive data.


lexentry: eng/key_signature__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: key signature
trans_list: znaki przykluczowe
sense:
(music) An indication of the key of a composition, giving the number of sharps or flats in the corresponding scale.


lexentry: eng/keyboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keyboard
trans_list: klawiatura
sense:
(computing, etc.) A set of keys laid out in a grid-like pattern, used for typing on a typewriter, computer etc.


lexentry: eng/keyboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: keyboard
trans_list: klawiatura
sense:
(music) A component of many instruments, including the piano, organ, and harpsichord, consisting of usually black and white keys that cause different tones to be produced when struck.


lexentry: eng/keyboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: keyboard
trans_list: klawiatura | keyboard
sense:
(music) An electronic device containing a keyboard (preceding sense), especially one that is capable of producing musical sounds when the keys are played.


lexentry: eng/keyboard_shortcut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keyboard shortcut
trans_list: skrót klawiszowy
sense:
(computing) A key, or more usually a combination of keys, on the keyboard of a personal computer that activates a specific, predefined function.


lexentry: eng/keycard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keycard
trans_list: paszport
sense:
A usually plastic card which stores a digital signature that is used to operate an electronic access control lock.


lexentry: eng/keyholder__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: keyholder
trans_list: klucznica | klucznik
sense:
(BDSM) A dominant partner who controls whether their submissive partner is able or allowed to orgasm or receive sexual stimulation, typically by locking the submissive partner in a chastity belt or chastity cage.


lexentry: eng/keyhole__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: keyhole
trans_list: dziurka od klucza
sense:
Any small opening resembling the hole for a key in shape or function; especially, one that gives a vista of, or access to, a space beyond.


lexentry: eng/keynote__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keynote
trans_list: nić przewodnia
sense:
A speech that sets the main theme of a conference or other gathering; a keynote speech or keynote address.


lexentry: eng/keywork__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: keywork
trans_list: mechanizmy klawiszowe
sense:
(music) Collectively, the mechanisms of a woodwind musical instrument such as a flute or clarinet that support the operation of its keys.


lexentry: eng/khagan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: khagan
trans_list: kagan
sense:
(historical) A khan of khans, a ruler of a khaganate; (the holder of) an imperial rank used among certain Turkic and Mongolian peoples, equal in status to an emperor.


lexentry: eng/khalat__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: khalat
trans_list: chałat | łapserdak
sense:
(historical, Judaism) A long, close-fitting coat with shawl collars and pockets, worn by Ashkenazi Jewish men in Eastern Europe until the early 20th century


lexentry: eng/khamsin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: khamsin
trans_list: chamsin
sense:
A hot, dry wind, common in Egypt, Sudan and the Levant towards the end of March and April, which blows (for about 50 days each year) from the desert, bringing with it hot weather and sand / sandstorms.


lexentry: eng/khanate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: khanate
trans_list: chanat
sense:
The polity ruled by a khan, comprising one or more tribes or clans; a state or dominion ruled by this polity; its territory.


lexentry: eng/khat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: khat
trans_list: czuwaliczka jadalna
sense:
A shrub, Catha edulis, whose leaves are used as a mild stimulant when chewed or brewed as tea; also a drug produced from this plant.


lexentry: eng/khedive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: khedive
trans_list: kedyw
sense:
The title of the hereditary monarch of Egypt from 1805–1914, nominally ruling as a viceroy of the Sultan of Turkey.


lexentry: eng/khorovod__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: khorovod
trans_list: korowód
sense:
a Slavic art form, a combination of a circle dance and chorus singing, similar to chorea of ancient Greece, also in Romania (horă)


lexentry: eng/khutbah__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: khutbah
trans_list: chutba
sense:
(Islam) A talk or sermon delivered in mosques before the Friday prayer, or at other special occasions.


lexentry: eng/kibbutz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kibbutz
trans_list: kibuc
sense:
A community, usually an agricultural one in Israel, based on a high level of social and economical sharing, equality, direct democracy and tight social relations.


lexentry: eng/kick_in__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: kick in
trans_list: podarować
sense:
(transitive, and, intransitive, idiomatic) To contribute, especially to a collection of money; to hand over.


lexentry: eng/kick_off__Verb__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: kick off
trans_list: brakować
sense:
(intransitive, UK, idiomatic, colloquial) To be overcome with anger, to start an argument or a fight; to behave aggressively.


lexentry: eng/kick_rocks__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kick rocks
trans_list: spierdalać
sense:
(slang, dismissal, idiomatic) To leave or run away; to skedaddle; (often used imperatively and dismissively).


lexentry: eng/kick_someone's_ass__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kick someone's ass
trans_list: lać
sense:
(idiomatic, sometimes considered, vulgar, chiefly, US, Canada) To clobber someone; to beat someone severely.


lexentry: eng/kick_someone's_ass__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: kick someone's ass
trans_list: kopać w dupę
sense:
(literally, sometimes considered, vulgar, chiefly, US, Canada) To actually kick someone in the buttocks.


lexentry: eng/kick_up_a_fuss__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kick up a fuss
trans_list: robić scenę | zrobić scenę
sense:
(idiomatic) To show annoyance, or to complain loudly about something, often when it is of little importance in reality.


lexentry: eng/kick_wheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kick wheel
trans_list: koło garncarskie
sense:
(ceramics) A wheel or disc used to throw pots, turned by kicking or pushing a heavy stone or concrete base with the foot.


lexentry: eng/kickback__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: kickback
trans_list: łapówka
sense:
(countable, informal) A covert, often illegal, payment in return for a favor consisting of providing an opportunity of chargeable transaction; especially, a kind of quid pro quo in which if you (an insider) secretly help me (an outsider) win the bid for the contract then I will secretly send you a portion of the contract value; thus, a kind of bribe.


lexentry: eng/kickboxing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kickboxing
trans_list: kick boxing | kick-boxing
sense:
(martial arts) A hybrid martial art derived from Muay Thai, karate, and especially boxing during the 1960s to 1970s; more generally, any stand-up combat sport that combines kicks and punches.


lexentry: eng/kicker__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: kicker
trans_list: zasadzka
sense:
(colloquial) An unexpected situation, detail or circumstance, often unpleasant, serving as a punchline or clincher.


lexentry: eng/kicksled__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kicksled
trans_list: sanie
sense:
A type of small sled consisting of a handlebar mounted on a pair of flexible metal runners. The driver stands on the runners and kicks the sled forward with one foot. In front of the handlebar there's often a seat for a passenger.


lexentry: eng/kickstand__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kickstand
trans_list: noga
sense:
A levered bar that can be folded down from the frame of a bicycle or motorcycle to prop it upright when not being ridden.


lexentry: eng/kidnap__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kidnap
trans_list: porywać | uprowadzać | porwać | uprowadzić
sense:
(transitive) To seize or detain a person unlawfully and move or conceal them; sometimes for ransom. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/kidney-shaped__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kidney-shaped
trans_list: nerkowaty
sense:
Having a shape like a kidney, that is, an approximately circular or elongated ovoid shape with an inward curve or indentation on one side.


lexentry: eng/kidney_dish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kidney dish
trans_list: nerka
sense:
(medicine, surgery) A shallow kidney-shaped basin for holding soiled dressings and other medical waste.


lexentry: eng/kill__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: kill
trans_list: zgasić | zgaszać
sense:
(transitive, or, intransitive, figuratively, hyperbole) To cause great pain, discomfort, or distress to; to hurt.


lexentry: eng/kill_time__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kill time
trans_list: zabić czas
sense:
(informal, intransitive) To engage in an activity whose only purpose is to make the time seem to pass more quickly; to fill the time between activities.


lexentry: eng/killdeer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: killdeer
trans_list: sieweczka krzykliwa
sense:
A North American plover (Charadrius vociferus) with a distinctive cry and territorial behavior that includes feigning injury to attract predators and spare the young in the nest.


lexentry: eng/killed_in_action__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: killed in action
trans_list: zabity w akcji
sense:
(chiefly, military) The designation for a member of an organization (primarily military) who has died while on duty.


lexentry: eng/kiln__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kiln
trans_list: piec do wypalania cegły | suszarnia
sense:
An oven or furnace or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, calcining or drying anything; for example, firing ceramics, curing or preserving tobacco, or drying grain.


lexentry: eng/kilo-__Prefix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kilo-
trans_list: kilo-
sense:
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 1,000. Symbol: k


lexentry: eng/kilo__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: kilo
trans_list: kilo
sense:
(international standards) alternative letter-case form of Kilo from the NATO/ICAO Phonetic Alphabet.


lexentry: eng/kilocalorie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kilocalorie
trans_list: kilokaloria
sense:
A non-SI unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories (small calories), used (now rare) in chemistry or physics; equal to 1 calorie as used in nutrition. Symbol kcal.


lexentry: eng/kilogram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kilogram
trans_list: kilogram | kilo
sense:
In the International System of Units, the base unit of mass; conceived of as the mass of one litre of water, but now defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.626 070 15 × 10-34 when expressed in units of kg⋅m2⋅s−1. Symbol: kg


lexentry: eng/kilt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kilt
trans_list: kilt
sense:
A traditional Scottish garment, usually worn by men, having roughly the same morphology as a wrap-around skirt, with overlapping front aprons and pleated around the sides and back, and usually made of twill-woven worsted wool with a tartan pattern. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/kilt__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: kilt
trans_list: kilt
sense:
A variety of non-bifurcated garments made for men and loosely resembling a Scottish kilt, but most often made from different fabrics and not always with tartan plaid designs.


lexentry: eng/kilter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kilter
trans_list: harmonia
sense:
(chiefly in the negative) Chiefly in out of kilter: (good) condition, form, or order; fettle. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/kimbap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kimbap
trans_list: kimbap
sense:
A Korean dish of steamed white rice and other ingredients rolled in sheets of dried laver seaweed and served in bite-size slices.


lexentry: eng/kimchi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kimchi
trans_list: kimchi
sense:
A Korean dish made of vegetables, such as cabbage or radishes, that are salted, seasoned, and stored in sealed containers to undergo lactic acid fermentation.


lexentry: eng/kimono__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kimono
trans_list: kimono
sense:
A traditional Japanese T-shaped, wrapped-front garment with square sleeves and a rectangular body, now generally worn only on formal occasions.


lexentry: eng/kinase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kinase
trans_list: kinaza
sense:
(enzyme, organic compound) Any of a group of enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific target molecules (substrates), in a process termed phosphorylation.


lexentry: eng/kination__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kination
trans_list: kinacja
sense:
(astronomy) Cosmological phase of the dominance of kinetic energy over potential energy. Coined by Michael Joyce in 1996 in the paper "Electroweak baryogenesis and the expansion rate of the Universe".


lexentry: eng/kindergarten__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kindergarten
trans_list: przedszkole | dzieciniec
sense:
(North America, Australia) An educational institution for young children, usually between ages 4 and 6; nursery school. [from 1852]


lexentry: eng/kinematics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kinematics
trans_list: kinematyka
sense:
(physics) The branch of mechanics concerned with objects in motion, but not with the forces involved.


lexentry: eng/kinesthesia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: kinesthesia
trans_list: kinestezja
sense:
Proprioception or static position sense; the perception of the position and posture of the body; also, more broadly, including the motion of the body as well. See usage notes below.


lexentry: eng/kinetic_energy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kinetic energy
trans_list: energia kinetyczna
sense:
(physics) The energy possessed by an object because of its motion, equal (nonrelativistically) to one half the mass of the body times the square of its speed.


lexentry: eng/kinetics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kinetics
trans_list: kinetyka
sense:
(mechanics) The branch of mechanics concerned with motion of objects, as well as the reason i.e. the forces acting on such bodies. This, along with kinematics constitute dynamics, which is concerned purely with the effects of forces on moving bodies.


lexentry: eng/king__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: king
trans_list: król
sense:
A male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy; in an absolute monarchy, the supreme ruler of his nation.


lexentry: eng/king__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: king
trans_list: król
sense:
(card games) A playing card with the letter "K" and the image of a king on it, the thirteenth card in a given suit.


lexentry: eng/king__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: king
trans_list: król
sense:
(chess) The principal chess piece, that players seek to threaten with unavoidable capture to result in a victory by checkmate. It is often the tallest piece, with a symbolic crown with a cross at the top.


lexentry: eng/king__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: king
trans_list: damka
sense:
A checker (a piece of checkers/draughts) that reached the farthest row forward, thus becoming crowned (either by turning it upside-down, or by stacking another checker on it) and gaining more freedom of movement.


lexentry: eng/king_cake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: king cake
trans_list: ciasto Trzech Króli
sense:
(Louisiana) A decorative cake distributed among friends or visitors on Epiphany. In many traditions it contains a pea, a trinket or some other small object which entitles its finder to be the "king" for one day.


lexentry: eng/king_cobra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: king cobra
trans_list: kobra królewska
sense:
A large venomous snake found in East Asia (Ophiophagus hannah), the longest venomous snake in the world.


lexentry: eng/kingdom__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: kingdom
trans_list: królestwo
sense:
(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below domain and above phylum; a taxon at that rank (e.g. the plant kingdom, the animal kingdom).


lexentry: eng/kingfisher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kingfisher
trans_list: zimorodek
sense:
Any of various birds of the suborder Alcedines (or the family Alcedinidae sensu lato), having a large head, short tail and brilliant colouration; they feed mostly on fish.


lexentry: eng/kingpin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kingpin
trans_list: bałwan
sense:
(transportation) The axis around which steered wheels pivot; a bolt that holds the axis in place—a kingbolt.


lexentry: eng/kingpin__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: kingpin
trans_list: bałwan
sense:
(transportation) The pivot or connector between a tractor and trailer in the fifth-wheel coupling of semi-trailer truck.


lexentry: eng/kingpin__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: kingpin
trans_list: bałwan
sense:
(informal) The most important person in a usually evil undertaking or organization, often a druglord.


lexentry: eng/kingpin__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: kingpin
trans_list: bałwan
sense:
(ten-pin, _, bowling) The pin at the centre of the triangle of bowling pins (originally the tallest pin in kayles). Sometimes also the headpin at the apex.


lexentry: eng/kinkajou__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kinkajou
trans_list: kinkażu | wikławiec
sense:
Potos flavus, a carnivorous mammal of Central America and South America with a long, prehensile tail, related to the raccoon.


lexentry: eng/kintsugi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kintsugi
trans_list: kintsugi
sense:
The Japanese art of repairing broken pottery with lacquer dusted or mixed with powdered gold or similar material, highlighting the cracks instead of disguising them.


lexentry: eng/kiosk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kiosk
trans_list: kiosk
sense:
A small enclosed structure, often freestanding, open on one side or with a window, used as a booth to sell newspapers, cigarettes, etc.


lexentry: eng/kip__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kip
trans_list: przespać się z kimś
sense:
(informal, chiefly, UK) To sleep; often with the connotation of a temporary or charitable situation, or one borne out of necessity.


lexentry: eng/kisel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kisel
trans_list: kisiel
sense:
A dessert (sometimes consumed as a drink) made from fruit or berry juice and thickened with starch, common in Slavic and Baltic countries as well as Finland.


lexentry: eng/kiss__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kiss
trans_list: całować | pocałować
sense:
(transitive) To touch with the lips or press the lips against, usually to show love or affection or passion, or as part of a greeting.


lexentry: eng/kiss__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: kiss
trans_list: całować | pocałować
sense:
(reciprocal) Of two or more people, to touch each other's lips together, usually to express love or affection or passion.


lexentry: eng/kiss_me__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kiss me
trans_list: pocałuj mnie
sense:
I informally request that you kiss me—that you touch my lips with your lips or press the lips against, as an expression of love or affection.


lexentry: eng/kiss_of_peace__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kiss of peace
trans_list: znak pokoju
sense:
(Christianity) An early Christian greeting consisting of a kiss, originally on the mouth but later on the cheek, still used in some traditional churches.


lexentry: eng/kit__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: kit
trans_list: rynsztunek
sense:
Any collection of items needed for a specific purpose, especially for use by a workman, or personal effects packed for travelling.


lexentry: eng/kitchen_sink__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kitchen sink
trans_list: zlew | zlewozmywak
sense:
A sink in a kitchen used for washing crockery, cutlery, utensils, food, etc., and disposing of waste.


lexentry: eng/kitchen_sink__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: kitchen sink
trans_list: funt rozmaitości | mydło i powidło
sense:
(also, attributive) A miscellaneous item or a miscellany, especially exemplifying an indiscriminate profusion.


lexentry: eng/kitchenware__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kitchenware
trans_list: naczynia kuchenne | przybory kuchenne | sprzęt kuchenny
sense:
Instruments and utensils found in a kitchen, particularly those associated with the preparation and serving of food.


lexentry: eng/kite__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: kite
trans_list: latawiec | deltoid
sense:
(geometry) A polygon resembling the shape of a traditional toy kite (sense 3): a quadrilateral having two pairs of edges of equal length, the edges of each pair touching each other at one end.


lexentry: eng/kite__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: kite
trans_list: latawiec
sense:
(sailing, dated) In a square-rigged ship: originally a sail positioned above a topsail; later a lightweight sail set above the topgallants, such as a studding sail or a jib topsail.


lexentry: eng/kite__Noun__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: kite
trans_list: gryps
sense:
(US, prison slang) A (usually concealed) letter or oral message, especially one passed illegally into, within, or out of a prison.


lexentry: eng/kitsch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kitsch
trans_list: kicz
sense:
Art, decorative objects, and other forms of representation of questionable artistic or aesthetic value; a representation that is excessively sentimental, overdone, or vulgar.


lexentry: eng/kittiwake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kittiwake
trans_list: mewa trójpalczasta
sense:
Either of two small gulls in the genus Rissa of the family Laridae that nest in colonies on sea cliffs and spend the winter on the open ocean.


lexentry: eng/kiwi_fruit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kiwi fruit
trans_list: kiwi
sense:
A Chinese gooseberry vine fruit, having a hairy brown skin and dark green (or in the case of the kiwi fruit gold, yellow) flesh with fine black seeds, almost always varieties of Actinidia deliciosa.


lexentry: eng/klaxon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: klaxon
trans_list: klakson
sense:
A loud electric alarm or horn, especially as used in automobiles in the early 20th century. [from 1908]


lexentry: eng/klepht__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: klepht
trans_list: złodziej
sense:
(historical) An anti-Ottoman insurgent living in the mountains when Greece was a part of the Ottoman Empire.


lexentry: eng/kleptomania__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kleptomania
trans_list: kleptomania
sense:
(psychology) A psychological disorder that causes an uncontrollable obsession with stealing without economic or material need.


lexentry: eng/kleptoparasitism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kleptoparasitism
trans_list: kleptopasożytnictwo
sense:
(zoology) The parasitic theft of captured prey, nest material, etc., from animals of the same or another species.


lexentry: eng/klezmer__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: klezmer
trans_list: klezmer | klezmerka | muzyka klezmerska
sense:
(music genre, uncountable) A type of popular Jewish folk music especially associated with Ashkenazi cultures.


lexentry: eng/klipspringer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: klipspringer
trans_list: koziołek skalny
sense:
A small antelope native to eastern and southern Africa having a dense, brown, speckled coat (Oreotragus oreotragus).


lexentry: eng/kliros__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kliros
trans_list: kliros
sense:
(Christianity) The section of an Eastern Orthodox or Eastern Catholic church dedicated to the choir.


lexentry: eng/kludge__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: kludge
trans_list: prowizorka
sense:
(informal) Any construction or practice, typically crude yet effective, designed to solve a problem temporarily or expediently.


lexentry: eng/knacker's_yard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knacker's yard
trans_list: bakutil
sense:
The area of a slaughterhouse where carcasses unfit for human consumption or other purposes are rendered down to produce useful materials such as glue.


lexentry: eng/knead__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knead
trans_list: gnieść | miesić | ugniatać | zagniatać
sense:
(transitive) To work and press into a mass, usually with the hands; especially, to work, as by repeated pressure with the knuckles, into a well mixed mass, the materials of bread, cake, etc.


lexentry: eng/kneaded_eraser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kneaded eraser
trans_list: gumka chlebowa
sense:
A tool made from pliable material resembling putty or chewing gum that is used to absorb graphite or charcoal.


lexentry: eng/knee-high__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knee-high
trans_list: podkolanówka | zakolanówka
sense:
(US, usually, in the plural) A sock or stocking that reaches to the knees; chiefly, women's nylon stockings that end slightly above the knee and are supported by garter belts.


lexentry: eng/knee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knee
trans_list: kolano
sense:
(anatomy) In humans, the joint or the region of the joint in the middle part of the leg between the thigh and the shank.


lexentry: eng/kneecap__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kneecap
trans_list: przestrzelić kolana
sense:
(transitive) To destroy the knees of (a person), usually by shooting at the knees, as a punishment carried out by criminals or terrorists.


lexentry: eng/kneeling_chair__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kneeling chair
trans_list: klękosiad
sense:
A type of chair for sitting in a position with the thighs dropped to an angle of about 60 to 70 degrees from vertical (as opposed to 90 degrees when sitting in a normal chair), with some of the body's weight supported by the shins.


lexentry: eng/knife__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knife
trans_list: nóż
sense:
A utensil or a tool designed for cutting, consisting of a flat piece of hard material, usually steel or other metal (the blade), usually sharpened on one edge, attached to a handle. The blade may be pointed for piercing.


lexentry: eng/knife__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: knife
trans_list: nóż
sense:
A weapon designed with the aforementioned specifications intended for slashing or stabbing but too short to be called a sword; a dagger.


lexentry: eng/knife_pleat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knife pleat
trans_list: plisa płaska
sense:
(sewing) A type of sharply pressed pleating, especially in a skirt or kilt, in which all of the folds are turned in one direction, with each pleat being three layers of fabric thick.


lexentry: eng/knight-errant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knight-errant
trans_list: błędny rycerz
sense:
A knight in a medieval romance who wanders in search of adventure and opportunities to prove his chivalry.


lexentry: eng/knight__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: knight
trans_list: skoczek | koń | konik
sense:
(chess) A chess piece, often in the shape of a horse's head, that is moved two squares in one direction and one at right angles to that direction in a single move, leaping over any intervening pieces.


lexentry: eng/knish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knish
trans_list: knysz
sense:
An Eastern European Jewish, or Yiddish, snack food consisting of a dumpling covered with a shell of baked or fried dough


lexentry: eng/knit__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knit
trans_list: robić na drutach | dziać
sense:
(ambitransitive) To turn thread or yarn into a piece of fabric by forming loops that are pulled through each other. This can be done by hand with needles or by machine.


lexentry: eng/knit__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: knit
trans_list: robić na drutach | dziać
sense:
(ambitransitive) To create a stitch by pulling the working yarn through an existing stitch from back to front.


lexentry: eng/knock_about__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knock about
trans_list: pomiatać | pomieść | poniewierać | poobijać | sponiewierać | wytłuc
sense:
(transitive) To hit (someone or something) all over repeatedly; hence, to behave violently towards or mistreat (someone or something).


lexentry: eng/knock_down__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knock down
trans_list: obalić | powalić | zbić | zwalić
sense:
(transitive) To hit or knock (something or someone), intentionally or accidentally, so that it falls.


lexentry: eng/knock_it_off__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knock it off
trans_list: kończyć
sense:
(colloquial, mostly, imperative, idiom) To cease doing something, particularly annoying or unpleasant; to desist.


lexentry: eng/knock_on_wood__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knock on wood
trans_list: odpukać w niemalowane drewno
sense:
(idiomatic, US, Philippines) To take a customary action to ward off some misfortune that is believed to be attracted by a presumptuous statement.


lexentry: eng/knock_up__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: knock up
trans_list: wyczerpać
sense:
(dated, intransitive) To become exhausted or worn out; to fail of strength; to become wearied, as with labor; to give out. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/knockout__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knockout
trans_list: nokaut
sense:
The act of making one unconscious, or at least unable to come back on one's feet within a certain period of time; a TKO.


lexentry: eng/knot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knot
trans_list: węzeł
sense:
A looping of a piece of string or of any other long, flexible material that cannot be untangled without passing one or both ends of the material through its loops.


lexentry: eng/knot__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: knot
trans_list: węzeł
sense:
(mathematics) A non-self-intersecting closed curve in (e.g., three-dimensional) space that is an abstraction of a knot (in sense 1 above).


lexentry: eng/knot__Noun__1
sense_num: 18
written_rep: knot
trans_list: węzeł
sense:
(aviation) A unit of indicated airspeed, calibrated airspeed, or equivalent airspeed, which varies in its relation to the unit of speed so as to compensate for the effects of different ambient atmospheric conditions on aircraft performance.


lexentry: eng/knout__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knout
trans_list: knut | bicz | nahajka
sense:
A leather scourge (multi-tail whip), in the severe version known as 'great knout' with metal weights on each tongue, notoriously used in imperial Russia.


lexentry: eng/know-it-all__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: know-it-all
trans_list: mądrala | besserwisser | przemądrzalec | chłopek-roztropek | mądraliński
sense:
(chiefly, US, pejorative) Someone who claims to be knowledgeable or an expert in something, obnoxiously dismissing the opinions, advice, suggestions, etc. of others.


lexentry: eng/know__Verb__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: know
trans_list: znać się | znać
sense:
(transitive, philosophy) To maintain (a belief, a position) subject to a given philosophical definition of knowledge; to hold a justified true belief.


lexentry: eng/know_of__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: know of
trans_list: wiedzieć
sense:
(transitive) To be aware of the existence of someone or something, but to have little or no other knowledge beyond that point.


lexentry: eng/knowledge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knowledge
trans_list: wiedza
sense:
The fact of knowing about something; general understanding or familiarity with a subject, place, situation etc. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/knowledge__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: knowledge
trans_list: świadomość | wiedza
sense:
Awareness of a particular fact or situation; a state of having been informed or made aware of something. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/knowledge_base__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knowledge base
trans_list: baza wiedzy
sense:
A database designed to meet the complex storage and retrieval requirements of computerized knowledge management, especially in support of artificial intelligence or expert systems.


lexentry: eng/knowledge_is_power__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: knowledge is power
trans_list: wiedza to potęga
sense:
Scientia potentia est; with knowledge and/or education, one's potential or ability to succeed in the pursuit of one's objectives will certainly increase.


lexentry: eng/knuckle__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: knuckle
trans_list: przegub
sense:
(shipbuilding) A convex portion of a vessel's figure where a sudden change of shape occurs, as in a canal boat, where a nearly vertical side joins a nearly flat bottom.


lexentry: eng/koala__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: koala
trans_list: koala
sense:
A tree-dwelling marsupial, Phascolarctos cinereus, that resembles a small bear with a broad head, large ears and sharp claws, mainly found in eastern Australia.


lexentry: eng/koan__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: koan
trans_list: aporia
sense:
A riddle with no solution, used to provoke reflection on the inadequacy of logical reasoning, and to lead to enlightenment.


lexentry: eng/kobold__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kobold
trans_list: kobold
sense:
(German mythology) An ambivalent, sometimes vindictive, spirit that is capable of materialising as an object or human, often a child; a sprite.


lexentry: eng/kobold__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: kobold
trans_list: kobold
sense:
(German folklore) A mischievous elf or goblin, or one connected (and helpful) to a family or household.


lexentry: eng/kobza__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kobza
trans_list: kobza
sense:
(musical instruments) A lute-like stringed instrument traditionally made from a single block of wood, with a medium-length neck, originating in Ukrainian folk music.


lexentry: eng/kofta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kofta
trans_list: kofta
sense:
Any of various spicy meatball or meatloaf dishes of the Middle East, Caucasus, South Asia, and the Balkans.


lexentry: eng/kogel_mogel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kogel mogel
trans_list: kogel-mogel
sense:
An egg-based homemade dessert made from egg yolks, sugar, and flavourings such as honey, vanilla, cocoa or rum, similar to eggnog, popular in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in Caucasus.


lexentry: eng/kohl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kohl
trans_list: kohl
sense:
A dark powder, usually powdered stibnite (an antimony ore), used as eye makeup, especially in Eastern countries.


lexentry: eng/kokutai__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kokutai
trans_list: kokutai
sense:
The national essence and character of Japan viewed as conforming to Shinto-Confucian ideals, with the emperor as its ethical, spiritual, cultural and political center.


lexentry: eng/kola_nut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kola nut
trans_list: orzech kola
sense:
The edible seed of the kola tree, Cola acuminata and related species, used as a flavoring and as a source of caffeine.


lexentry: eng/kolach__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kolach
trans_list: ciasto
sense:
Type of pastry that holds a portion of fruit or cheese, surrounded by a puffy cushion of supple dough.


lexentry: eng/koliva__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: koliva
trans_list: kutia
sense:
A dish made of sweetened boiled wheat, optionally mixed with nuts and spices, and used in Eastern Orthodox rituals to commemorate the dead or at slava.


lexentry: eng/kolovrat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kolovrat
trans_list: kołowrót | swarozyca | swarzyca | świąszczyca
sense:
(neopaganism, politics, fascism, nationalism) An eight-spoked swastika used by Slavic neopagan, fascist, and nationalist groups.


lexentry: eng/komboskini__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: komboskini
trans_list: czotki
sense:
(Christianity) A rope of usually 33, 50 or 100 knots, used in meditative prayer in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic tradition, to count one's recitations of the Jesus Prayer.


lexentry: eng/kompromat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kompromat
trans_list: kompromat | hak | haki
sense:
Compromising material, blackmail material, (real or fabricated) evidence that a person does not want revealed, dirt.


lexentry: eng/konjac__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: konjac
trans_list: konjak
sense:
Any of various food products made from the plant, including a flour and a gelatin, used to make noodles and candies, and as a food supplement for weight reduction.


lexentry: eng/kore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kore
trans_list: kora
sense:
(arts, sculpture) An Ancient Greek statue of a woman, portrayed standing, usually clothed, painted in bright colours and having an elaborate hairstyle.


lexentry: eng/korfball__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: korfball
trans_list: korfball
sense:
(uncountable) A non-contact unisex team sport originating from the Netherlands, similar to netball, where players attempt to throw a ball into a basket atop a pole.


lexentry: eng/korovai__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: korovai
trans_list: korowaj
sense:
A large, single-piece round or rectangular loaf of bread, elaborately decorated and served at a wedding


lexentry: eng/koulouri__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: koulouri
trans_list: precel
sense:
A bagel or ring doughnut shaped bread roll covered with sesame or sunflower seeds, often sold on the streets of Greece and Cyprus.


lexentry: eng/krill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: krill
trans_list: kryl
sense:
any of several small marine crustacean species of plankton in the order Euphausiacea in the class Malacostraca.


lexentry: eng/krone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: krone
trans_list: orzeł
sense:
The currency of Iceland, Denmark (including Greenland and the Faroe Islands) and Norway, divided into 100 øre, except in Iceland where 1 króna = 100 aurar.


lexentry: eng/kroužek__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kroužek
trans_list: kółko
sense:
A ring-shaped diacritical mark (˚), whose use is largely restricted to Å, å and Ů, ů, and whereon it represents an etymological ‘o’.


lexentry: eng/krupnik__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: krupnik
trans_list: krupnik
sense:
A traditional alcoholic drink made from vodka (or other grain spirit) and honey, popular in Poland, Belarus, and Lithuania.


lexentry: eng/krypton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: krypton
trans_list: krypton
sense:
(uncountable) The chemical element (symbol Kr) with an atomic number of 36. It is a colourless, odourless noble gas that only reacts with fluorine. It is one of the rarest gases in the Earth's atmosphere.


lexentry: eng/kugel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kugel
trans_list: gugiel | kugel | kugiel
sense:
A traditional savoury or sweet Jewish dish consisting of a baked pudding of pasta, potatoes, or rice, with vegetables, or raisins and spices.


lexentry: eng/kulak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kulak
trans_list: kułak
sense:
(historical) A prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers.


lexentry: eng/kumquat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kumquat
trans_list: kumkwat
sense:
A small, orange citrus-like fruit which is native to Asia (Citrus japonica, syn. Fortunella japonica).


lexentry: eng/kurta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kurta
trans_list: kurta
sense:
A traditional article of clothing worn in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, consisting of a loose, collarless, long-sleeved, knee-length shirt worn by both men and women.


lexentry: eng/kurtosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kurtosis
trans_list: kurtoza
sense:
(statistics) A measure of "heaviness of the tails" of a probability distribution, defined as the fourth cumulant divided by the square of the variance of the probability distribution.


lexentry: eng/kuru__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: kuru
trans_list: kuru
sense:
A chronic, progressive, fatal central nervous system disease found mainly among the Fore and neighboring peoples of New Guinea, caused by a prion that probably resembles the scrapie agent of sheep, transmissible to nonhuman primates, and believed to be transmitted by ritual cannibalism.


lexentry: eng/kyphosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: kyphosis
trans_list: kifoza
sense:
(pathology) An abnormal convex curvature of the spine in the cervical or lumbar regions of the spine.


lexentry: eng/lab_rat__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lab rat
trans_list: królik doświadczalny
sense:
(idiomatic) A person or group used as the subject of an experiment or test, especially unwillingly or unwittingly.


lexentry: eng/label__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: label
trans_list: etykietować
sense:
(ditransitive) To give a label to (someone or something) in order to categorise that person or thing.


lexentry: eng/labia_majora__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: labia majora
trans_list: wargi sromowe większe
sense:
(anatomy, primatology) The two outer rounded folds of adipose tissue that lie on either side of the opening of the vagina.


lexentry: eng/labialization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: labialization
trans_list: labializacja | uwargowienie
sense:
(phonology) A secondary articulatory feature of usually consonants that involves the contraction or rounding of the lips (labia) during pronunciation.


lexentry: eng/labium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: labium
trans_list: warga sromowa
sense:
(anatomy, usually, in the plural) A liplike structure; especially one of the vulva's two pairs of folds of skin on either side.


lexentry: eng/labneh__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: labneh
trans_list: jogurt grecki
sense:
Yogurt that has been strained to filter or remove the whey and thus has a consistency between that of yoghurt and cheese.


lexentry: eng/labor-intensive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: labor-intensive
trans_list: pracochłonny
sense:
(American spelling) Requiring a great deal of work, especially physical and manual effort versus capital.


lexentry: eng/labor_market__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: labor market
trans_list: rynek pracy
sense:
(economics) The market consisting of the supply of unemployed workers in relation to the demand for them.


lexentry: eng/labor_theory_of_value__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: labor theory of value
trans_list: laborystyczna teoria wartości
sense:
(economics, political science) The theory, usually associated with Marxian economics, that freely reproducible goods obtain their value from socially necessary human labor time.


lexentry: eng/labour__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: labour
trans_list: praca | robota
sense:
(uncountable) Workers in general; the working class, the workforce; sometimes specifically the labour movement, organised labour.


lexentry: eng/labour_force__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: labour force
trans_list: siła robocza
sense:
The collective group of people who are available for employment, whether currently employed or unemployed (though sometimes only those unemployed people who are seeking work are included).


lexentry: eng/labyrinth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: labyrinth
trans_list: labirynt | błędnik
sense:
A structure similar to a maze, but containing only one path with no branches, as distinguished from a maze which contains multiple branching paths


lexentry: eng/labyrinth__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: labyrinth
trans_list: labirynt | błędnik
sense:
(anatomy) A complex structure in the inner ear which contains the organs of hearing and balance, consisting of bony cavities (the bony labyrinth) filled with fluid and lined with sensitive membranes (the membranous labyrinth).


lexentry: eng/lac__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lac
trans_list: lakier
sense:
A resinous substance or lacquer produced mainly on the banyan tree by the female of Kerria lacca, a scale insect.


lexentry: eng/lace__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lace
trans_list: koronka
sense:
(uncountable) A light fabric containing patterns of holes, usually built up from a single thread. Wp


lexentry: eng/laches__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: laches
trans_list: przedawnienie
sense:
(legal) An unreasonable delay in bringing a claim alleging a wrong, which means the person who waited shall not be permitted to seek an equitable remedy because the delay prejudiced the moving party.


lexentry: eng/lachrymatory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lachrymatory
trans_list: łzawnica
sense:
(archaeology) A vase supposedly intended to hold tears; formerly used by archaeologists to designate certain urns found in Roman burials.


lexentry: eng/lack_of_sleep__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lack of sleep
trans_list: brak snu
sense:
The condition of not having slept enough at any given time without any specification of cause. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/lackluster__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: lackluster
trans_list: bezbarwny
sense:
(figurative) Not exceptional; not worthy of special merit, attention, or interest; having no vitality.


lexentry: eng/lacquer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lacquer
trans_list: lakier
sense:
A glossy, resinous material used as a surface coating; either a natural exudation of certain trees, or a solution of nitrocellulose in alcohol, etc.


lexentry: eng/lacrimal_caruncle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lacrimal caruncle
trans_list: mięsko łzowe
sense:
(anatomy) A small globular nodule at the inner corner of the eye that covers sebaceous and sudoriferous glands.


lexentry: eng/lacrimal_gland__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lacrimal gland
trans_list: gruczoł łzowy
sense:
(anatomy, ophthalmology) Either of a pair of almond-shaped glands, one for each eye, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.


lexentry: eng/lacrimal_sac__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lacrimal sac
trans_list: woreczek łzowy
sense:
(anatomy, ophthalmology) The upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct that is situated in a groove formed by the lacrimal bone and the frontal process of the maxilla and receives the lacrimal canaliculi.


lexentry: eng/lacrosse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lacrosse
trans_list: lacrosse
sense:
(sports) A sport played on a field between two opposing teams using sticks (crosses) and a ball, whereby one team defeats the other by scoring more goals within the allotted time.


lexentry: eng/lactase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lactase
trans_list: laktaza
sense:
(enzyme, organic compound) A β-galactosidase enzyme that is involved in the hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose into constituent galactose and glucose monomers.


lexentry: eng/lactic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lactic acid
trans_list: kwas mlekowy
sense:
(carboxylic acid) 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (CH3CHOHCO2H), a syrupy liquid, soluble in water; found in milk, wine and many fruits; used as a food additive and in many industrial applications.


lexentry: eng/lactose-free__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lactose-free
trans_list: bezlaktozowe
sense:
Not containing lactose. (Usually applied to foods made with milk but with the lactose thereof catabolized enzymatically.)


lexentry: eng/lactose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lactose
trans_list: laktoza
sense:
(carbohydrate) The disaccharide sugar of milk and dairy products, C12H22O11, a product of glucose and galactose used as a food and in medicinal compounds.


lexentry: eng/lacuna__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lacuna
trans_list: luka
sense:
An absent part, especially in a book or other piece of writing, often referring to an ancient manuscript or similar.


lexentry: eng/ladder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ladder
trans_list: drabina
sense:
A frame, usually portable, of wood, metal, or rope, used for ascent and descent, consisting of two side pieces to which are fastened rungs (cross strips or rounds acting as steps).


lexentry: eng/ladder__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: ladder
trans_list: drabina
sense:
(game of go) A sequence of moves following a zigzag pattern and ultimately leading to the capture of the attacked stones.


lexentry: eng/ladette__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ladette
trans_list: chłopczyca
sense:
(informal) A young woman who behaves in a laddish manner, namely being boisterous and loud and drinking to excess.


lexentry: eng/ladies'_room__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ladies' room
trans_list: toaleta damska
sense:
(historical) A waiting room in a railway station or other public building intended exclusively for women and usually including a separate women's lavatory.


lexentry: eng/lady's_bedstraw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lady's bedstraw
trans_list: przytulia właściwa
sense:
A herbaceous perennial flowering plant, Galium verum, used in the Middle Ages for bedding and for making red dye.


lexentry: eng/lady's_slipper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lady's slipper
trans_list: obuwik
sense:
Any orchid of the subfamily Cypripedioideae, distinguished by their slipper-shaped pouches which trap insects to improve pollination rates.


lexentry: eng/lady's_thumb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lady's thumb
trans_list: rdest plamisty
sense:
A perennial plant of the knotweed family, native to Eurasia but introduced to many other regions, Persicaria maculosa.


lexentry: eng/lady-in-waiting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lady-in-waiting
trans_list: dama dworu
sense:
A lady, often a noblewoman, in the household of a queen, princess, or other woman of higher rank who attends her as a personal assistant, generally a role considered an honour.


lexentry: eng/lady__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: lady
trans_list: pani | dama
sense:
A woman to whom the particular homage of a knight was paid; a woman to whom one is devoted or bound.


lexentry: eng/ladybird__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ladybird
trans_list: biedronka | boża krówka
sense:
Any of the Coccinellidae family of beetles, typically having a round shape and red or yellow spotted elytra.


lexentry: eng/ladyboy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ladyboy
trans_list: ladyboy
sense:
(colloquial, chiefly, Thailand) A trans woman or transfeminine person in or from Asia, especially Thailand.


lexentry: eng/lag__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: lag
trans_list: lag
sense:
A stave of a cask, drum, etc.; especially (engineering) one of the narrow boards or staves forming the covering of a cylindrical object, such as a boiler, or the cylinder of a carding machine or steam engine.


lexentry: eng/lagniappe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lagniappe
trans_list: usługa
sense:
(chiefly, Louisiana, Mississippi, Trinidad and Tobago) An extra or unexpected gift or benefit, such as that given to customers when they purchase something.


lexentry: eng/lair__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: lair
trans_list: barłóg
sense:
(figuratively) A place inhabited by a criminal or criminals, a superhero or a supervillain; a refuge, retreat, haven or hideaway.


lexentry: eng/lake__Noun__4
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lake
trans_list: lakier
sense:
In the composition of colors for use in products intended for human consumption, made by extending on a substratum of alumina, a salt prepared from one of the certified water-soluble straight colors.


lexentry: eng/lamassu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lamassu
trans_list: lamassu
sense:
An Assyrian protective deity, often depicted as having the head of a human, the body of an ox or lion, and the wings of a bird.


lexentry: eng/lambada__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lambada
trans_list: lambada
sense:
(preceded by definite article) A fast-paced, erotic Brazilian dance in which couples dance with their stomachs touching.


lexentry: eng/lambda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lambda
trans_list: lambda
sense:
The eleventh letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabet, the twelfth of the Old Greek alphabet.


lexentry: eng/lambda_calculus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lambda calculus
trans_list: rachunek lambda
sense:
(computing theory) Any of a family of functionally complete algebraic systems in which lambda expressions are evaluated according to a fixed set of rules to produce values, which may themselves be lambda expressions.


lexentry: eng/lambda_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lambda function
trans_list: funkcja anonimowa
sense:
(programming) An anonymous function; a function that is defined in an inline, ad-hoc manner, and often doesn't have a name (not bound to an identifier).


lexentry: eng/lambdacism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lambdacism
trans_list: lambdacyzm
sense:
(phonology) A pronunciation shift whereby /l/ or other closely related phonemes are substituted for other sounds (typically /r/), as Sally for Sarah or Molly for Mary.


lexentry: eng/lambskin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lambskin
trans_list: baranek
sense:
The skin of a very young sheep, especially prepared with the fleece still attached. A very fine form of leather.


lexentry: eng/lametta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lametta
trans_list: lameta | łańcuch choinkowy
sense:
Thin wire or foil made of brass, gold or silver; now especially thin strips of metallic foil used as Christmas decoration.


lexentry: eng/lamia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lamia
trans_list: lamia
sense:
(Greek mythology) A monster preying upon human beings, who sucked the blood of children, often described as having the head and breasts of a woman and the lower half of a serpent.


lexentry: eng/lamina__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lamina
trans_list: podkowa
sense:
(skeleton) Either of two broad, flat plates of bone of a vertebra that is fused with and extends from the pedicle to the median line of the neural arch to form the base of the spinous process and that along with the pedicle forms the posterior part of the vertebral foramen.


lexentry: eng/lampblack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lampblack
trans_list: barwnik sadzowy
sense:
An amorphous form of carbon made from incompletely burned organic matter; used to make pigments and inks.


lexentry: eng/lampoon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lampoon
trans_list: paszkwil
sense:
A written attack or other work ridiculing a person, group, or institution; especially, a satirical one.


lexentry: eng/lamprey__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lamprey
trans_list: minóg
sense:
Any long slender primitive eel-like freshwater and saltwater fish of the order Petromyzontiformes, having a sucking mouth with rasping teeth but no jaw.


lexentry: eng/lampshade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lampshade
trans_list: abażur | klosz
sense:
A cover over a lamp to either diffuse the light or to block it in certain directions to avoid glare in the eyes.


lexentry: eng/lanceolate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lanceolate
trans_list: lancetowaty
sense:
(botany, mycology) Having the general shape of a lance; much longer than wide, with the widest part lower than the middle and a pointed apex.


lexentry: eng/land__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: land
trans_list: ziemia
sense:
Real estate or landed property; a partitioned and measurable area which is owned and acquired and on which buildings and structures can be built and erected.


lexentry: eng/land__Noun__1
sense_num: 15
written_rep: land
trans_list: ziemia
sense:
In any surface prepared with indentations, perforations, or grooves, that part of the surface which is not so treated, such as the level part of a millstone between the furrows.


lexentry: eng/land_bridge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: land bridge
trans_list: pomost lądowy
sense:
(biogeography) An isthmus or other land connection between what at other times are separate land masses.


lexentry: eng/landau__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: landau
trans_list: lando
sense:
A type of lightweight, four-wheeled carriage in which the front and back passenger seats face each other.


lexentry: eng/landfowl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: landfowl
trans_list: ptak lądowy
sense:
Any of the heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds in the order Galliformes, which includes chickens, turkeys, peafowl, pheasants, grouse, quail, and other related species.


lexentry: eng/landing_craft__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: landing craft
trans_list: okręt desantowy
sense:
(nautical, military) A type of flat-bottomed boat used to transport infantry and vehicles onto a shore during an assault from the sea.


lexentry: eng/landing_gear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: landing gear
trans_list: podwozie
sense:
(uncountable, countable, aviation) The wheels, tyres, brakes, shock absorbers etc of an aircraft; its undercarriage.


lexentry: eng/landing_net__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: landing net
trans_list: kasarek | podbierak
sense:
(fishing) A fishnet mounted on a ring which is connected to a handle, used by anglers to secure a catch when pulling it out of the water by the line to which it is hooked.


lexentry: eng/landline__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: landline
trans_list: telefon stacjonarny
sense:
(by extension) A telephone connected by such a fixed wire that allows multiple phones to operate simultaneously on the same phone number, specifically not wireless/mobile.


lexentry: eng/landrace__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: landrace
trans_list: lokalna odmiana
sense:
(often, attributive) Any local variety of a domesticated animal or plant species that has adapted over time to its ecological and cultural environment (including, in some cases, its work). [from late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/landscape__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: landscape
trans_list: krajobraz | pejzaż
sense:
A portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in a single view, including all the objects it contains.


lexentry: eng/landscape__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: landscape
trans_list: krajobraz
sense:
A picture representing a real or imaginary scene by land or sea, the main subject being the general aspect of nature, as fields, hills, forests, water, etc.


lexentry: eng/landslide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: landslide
trans_list: osuwisko | obryw
sense:
A natural disaster that involves the breakup and downhill flow of rock, mud, water and anything caught in the path.


lexentry: eng/langos__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: langos
trans_list: langosz
sense:
A traditional Hungarian fried dough, usually seasoned with garlic, sour cream or cheese and sold as a fast food.


lexentry: eng/language__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: language
trans_list: język | mowa
sense:
(countable) A body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication.


lexentry: eng/language__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: language
trans_list: język | słownictwo
sense:
(uncountable) A sublanguage: the slang of a particular community or jargon of a particular specialist field.


lexentry: eng/language__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: language
trans_list: język | mowa
sense:
(countable, uncountable, figurative) The expression of thought (the communication of meaning) in a specified way; that which communicates something, as language does.


lexentry: eng/language_barrier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: language barrier
trans_list: bariera językowa
sense:
A conceptual barrier to effective communication, occurring when people who speak different languages attempt to communicate with each other.


lexentry: eng/language_contact__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: language contact
trans_list: kontakt językowy
sense:
(linguistics) The phenomenon in which speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact and influence each other.


lexentry: eng/language_exchange__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: language exchange
trans_list: wymiana językowa
sense:
A method of language learning based on mutual practice by learning partners who speak different languages.


lexentry: eng/languid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: languid
trans_list: ospały | ociężały | słaby
sense:
Of a person or their actions, character, etc.: lacking drive, emotion, or enthusiasm; apathetic, listless, spiritless, unenthusiastic.


lexentry: eng/languish__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: languish
trans_list: marnieć
sense:
(intransitive) To lose strength and become weak; to be in a state of weakness or sickness. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/languish__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: languish
trans_list: tęsknić
sense:
(intransitive) To pine away in longing for something; to have low spirits, especially from lovesickness. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/lansquenet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lansquenet
trans_list: lancknecht | landsknecht
sense:
(countable, historical) Any of a class of German mercenaries of the 15th and 16th centuries, most of whom were pikemen and foot soldiers.


lexentry: eng/lansquenet__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lansquenet
trans_list: lancknecht
sense:
(uncountable) A gambling card game in which the dealer is given an initial card and the players another; cards are then turned up until the value (rank) of one of those cards is met.


lexentry: eng/lantern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lantern
trans_list: latarnia
sense:
A case of translucent or transparent material made to protect a flame, or light, used to illuminate its surroundings.


lexentry: eng/lantern__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: lantern
trans_list: latarnia
sense:
(architectural element) An open structure of light material set upon a roof, to give light and air to the interior.


lexentry: eng/lantern__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: lantern
trans_list: latarnia
sense:
(architecture) A smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one, for ornament, or to admit light.


lexentry: eng/lantern__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: lantern
trans_list: latarnia
sense:
(steam engines) A kind of cage inserted in a stuffing box and surrounding a piston rod, to separate the packing into two parts and form a chamber between for the reception of steam, etc.; a lantern brass.


lexentry: eng/lanthanide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lanthanide
trans_list: lantanowce
sense:
(chemistry) Any of the 15 rare earth elements from lanthanum to lutetium in the periodic table; because their outermost orbitals are not filled, they have very similar chemistry; below them are the actinides.


lexentry: eng/lanthanum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lanthanum
trans_list: lantan
sense:
(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol La) with an atomic number of 57: a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes slowly when exposed to air.


lexentry: eng/lanyard__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lanyard
trans_list: smycz
sense:
(by extension) A cord worn around the neck, shoulder, or wrist which is attached to a small object to be carried such as an identity card or security pass, key, knife, or whistle.


lexentry: eng/lap__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: lap
trans_list: podołek
sense:
The part of the clothing that lies on the knees or thighs when one sits down; that part of the person thus covered.


lexentry: eng/lap__Verb__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lap
trans_list: chłeptać | chlipać
sense:
(ambitransitive) To take (liquid) into the mouth with the tongue; to lick up with a quick motion of the tongue.


lexentry: eng/lap_dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lap dog
trans_list: kanapowiec | pies pokojowy
sense:
A small toy dog, kept as household pet, whose light weight and companionable temperament make it both suited and disposed to spend time resting in the comfort of its master's lap; a dog bred to behave in this manner.


lexentry: eng/laparoscopy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: laparoscopy
trans_list: laparoskopia
sense:
(medicine) Examination of the loins or abdomen, now specifically examination or surgery on the peritoneal cavity using a laparoscope.


lexentry: eng/laparotomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: laparotomy
trans_list: laparotomia
sense:
(surgery) The surgical procedure for making an incision in the abdominal wall to gain access into the abdominal cavity. Performed either as exploratory surgery, or as the first step in an abdominal operation.


lexentry: eng/lapel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lapel
trans_list: klapa
sense:
Each of the two triangular pieces of cloth on the front of a jacket or coat that are folded back below the throat, leaving a triangular opening between.


lexentry: eng/lapidary__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lapidary
trans_list: lapidarny | zwięzły
sense:
Of a piece of writing or a writing style: characteristic of or suitable for an inscription; embodying the precision and refinement of inscriptions on monuments; concise and stately.


lexentry: eng/lapti__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lapti
trans_list: postoły | łapcie
sense:
A pair of the old traditional East Slavic (especially Russian) bast shoes, an obsolete traditional footwear of forest areas of Northern Europe, formerly worn by poorer members of the Finnic peoples, Balts, and East Slavs.


lexentry: eng/lapwing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lapwing
trans_list: czajka
sense:
Any of several medium-sized wading birds belonging to the subfamily Vanellinae, within family Charadriidae.


lexentry: eng/lar_gibbon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lar gibbon
trans_list: gibon białoręki | lar
sense:
A primate in the Hylobatidae family, Hylobates lar, with black or brown fur and white hands and feet.


lexentry: eng/larceny__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: larceny
trans_list: kradzież
sense:
(legal, uncountable) The unlawful taking of personal property as an attempt to deprive the legal owner of it permanently. [from mid-15th c.]


lexentry: eng/largescale_archerfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: largescale archerfish
trans_list: strzelczyk wielki
sense:
An archerfish of species Toxotes chatareus, which is sooty in colour compared to the silveriness of most archerfish.


lexentry: eng/larkspur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: larkspur
trans_list: ostróżka
sense:
A delphinium: any plant of the genus Delphinium, especially Delphinium ajacis and other plants of the subgenus Delphinium subg. Consolida


lexentry: eng/larnax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: larnax
trans_list: larnaks
sense:
(archaeology, historical) A small closed coffin, box or cinerary urn often used as a container for human remains in Ancient Greece.


lexentry: eng/larva__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: larva
trans_list: larwa
sense:
(figurative) A preliminary stage of someone or something, before it has fully matured, especially a time of growth rather than one of performance.


lexentry: eng/laryngeal__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: laryngeal
trans_list: laryngał
sense:
(Indo-European, _, linguistics) In Proto-Indo-European, one of the typically three reconstructed consonants usually marked as ⟨h₁⟩, ⟨h₂⟩ and ⟨h₃⟩.


lexentry: eng/larynx__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: larynx
trans_list: krtań
sense:
(anatomy, zootomy) A hollow muscular organ of the neck of mammals situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the oesophagus. It is involved in breath control and protection of the trachea, and, as it houses the vocal cords, sound production.


lexentry: eng/lasagna__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lasagna
trans_list: lasagne | lazania | lazanie
sense:
An Italian baked dish comprising layers of such pasta with various ingredients (usually a meat ragù (chiefly Bolognese), a fish ragù or a vegetarian/vegetable ragù with bechamel sauce).


lexentry: eng/laser_printer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: laser printer
trans_list: drukarka laserowa | laserówka
sense:
(computer hardware) A computer printer that uses a laser beam to produce an image on a rotating drum before transferring it to the paper.


lexentry: eng/lassie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lassie
trans_list: dziewczyna
sense:
(chiefly, Scotland, Northern England, Geordie, Northumbria) A young girl, a lass, especially one seen as a sweetheart.


lexentry: eng/last_but_not_least__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: last but not least
trans_list: na koniec
sense:
An expression to start the last item of a list, emphasising that while it is listed last, it is just as important as the rest of the items.


lexentry: eng/last_call__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: last call
trans_list: ostatnia szansa żeby zamówić
sense:
In a bar, the announcement that the establishment will soon be closing and that this is the final opportunity to buy drinks.


lexentry: eng/last_mile__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: last mile
trans_list: łącze abonenckie
sense:
(telecommunications) The portion of the infrastructure that carries communication signals from the main system to the end user's business or home, often involving greater expense to install and maintain, and lower transmission speeds.


lexentry: eng/last_night__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: last night
trans_list: zeszłej nocy
sense:
during the previous day’s nighttime; during the night before today (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/last_night__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: last night
trans_list: zeszła noc
sense:
(often, used adverbially) The evening or night immediately before the present. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/last_straw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: last straw
trans_list: miarka się przebrała | ostatnia kropla
sense:
(idiomatic, almost always preceded by the) A small addition to an already heavy burden which causes it to exceed the capacity.


lexentry: eng/latch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: latch
trans_list: antaba | zasuwa | rygiel
sense:
A fastening for a door that has a bar that fits into a notch or slot, and is lifted by a lever or string from either side.


lexentry: eng/latch__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: latch
trans_list: przerzutnik
sense:
(electronics) An electronic circuit that is like a flip-flop, except that it is level triggered instead of edge triggered.


lexentry: eng/late__Adjective__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: late
trans_list: zmarły | świętej pamięci
sense:
(not comparable, euphemistic) Deceased, dead: used particularly when speaking of the dead person's actions while alive. (Generally must be preceded by a possessive or an article, commonly "the"; see usage notes. Can itself only precede the person's name, never follow it.)


lexentry: eng/late_bloomer__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: late bloomer
trans_list: późno kwitnąca roślina
sense:
(literally, horticulture) A flowering plant that blooms later in a growing season than other flowering plants.


lexentry: eng/late_capitalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: late capitalism
trans_list: późny kapitalizm
sense:
The most recent or current form of capitalism, especially as characterized by monopoly, globalization, exploitation, and excess.


lexentry: eng/lateen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lateen
trans_list: żagiel łaciński
sense:
(ship parts) A triangular fore-and-aft sail set on a boom in such way that the tack is attached to the hull of the vessel and the free end of the boom lifts the sail.


lexentry: eng/later__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: later
trans_list: późniejszy
sense:
Coming afterward in distance (following an antecedent distance as embedded within an adverbial phrase)


lexentry: eng/later__Adverb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: later
trans_list: później
sense:
(Manglish, Singlish) What if (something problematic or unanticipated happens); if not (something undesirable will happen).


lexentry: eng/lateral_thinking__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lateral thinking
trans_list: myślenie latneralne
sense:
The use of reasoned thought in a nonstandard, or nonlinear logical way to find a solution to a problem.


lexentry: eng/laterite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: laterite
trans_list: lateryt
sense:
A red hard or gravel-like soil or subsoil formed in the tropics that has been leached of soluble minerals leaving insoluble iron and aluminium oxides and hydroxides; used to make bricks and roads.


lexentry: eng/lath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lath
trans_list: łata | listwa | deszczułka
sense:
A thin, narrow strip, fastened to the rafters, studs, or floor beams of a building, for the purpose of supporting a covering of tiles, plastering, etc.


lexentry: eng/lathe__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lathe
trans_list: tokarka
sense:
(tools, metalworking, woodworking) A machine tool used to shape a piece of material, or workpiece, by rotating the workpiece against a cutting tool.


lexentry: eng/latitude__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: latitude
trans_list: szerokość geograficzna | szerokość
sense:
(geography, astronomy, countable) The angular distance north or south from a planet's equator, measured along the meridian of that particular point.


lexentry: eng/latitude__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: latitude
trans_list: równoleżnik | szerokość geograficzna
sense:
(geography) An imaginary line (in the form of a circumference) around a planet running parallel to the planet's equator.


lexentry: eng/latrine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: latrine
trans_list: latryna
sense:
(India, otherwise, _, military) Any facility or device used for urination or defecation, whether toilet, lavatory, or outhouse.


lexentry: eng/latte__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: latte
trans_list: latte
sense:
A similar drink, where the espresso is replaced with some other flavoring ingredient such as chai, maté or matcha (green tea).


lexentry: eng/lattermath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lattermath
trans_list: skutek
sense:
(literally) The latter (i.e. second) mowing, a second crop of grass grown after the first was harvested


lexentry: eng/lattice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lattice
trans_list: kratka | krata
sense:
A flat panel constructed with widely-spaced crossed thin strips of wood or other material, commonly used as a garden trellis.


lexentry: eng/lattice__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: lattice
trans_list: krata
sense:
(crystallography) A regular spacing or arrangement of geometric points, often decorated with a motif.


lexentry: eng/lattice__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: lattice
trans_list: krata
sense:
(mathematics, order theory) A partially ordered set in which every pair of elements has a unique supremum and a unique infimum.


lexentry: eng/laugh__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: laugh
trans_list: śmiać się | rechotać
sense:
(intransitive) To show mirth, satisfaction, or derision, by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face, particularly of the mouth, causing a lighting up of the face and eyes, and usually accompanied by the emission of explosive or chuckling sounds from the chest and throat; to indulge in laughter.


lexentry: eng/laugh__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: laugh
trans_list: śmiać się
sense:
(intransitive, figuratively, obsolete) To be or appear cheerful, pleasant, mirthful, lively, or brilliant; to sparkle; to sport.


lexentry: eng/laugh__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: laugh
trans_list: obśmiewać | wyśmiewać | śmiać się
sense:
(intransitive, followed by "at") To make an object of laughter or ridicule; to make fun of; to deride; to mock.


lexentry: eng/laughing_kookaburra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: laughing kookaburra
trans_list: kukabura | kukabura chichotliwa
sense:
A kookaburra of species Dacelo novaeguineae, native to eastern Australia and famed for its loud laugh-like call.


lexentry: eng/laughter__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: laughter
trans_list: śmiech
sense:
A movement (usually involuntary) of the muscles of the laughing face, particularly of the lips, and of the whole body, with a peculiar expression of the eyes, indicating merriment, satisfaction or derision, and usually attended by a sonorous and interrupted expulsion of air from the lungs.


lexentry: eng/launch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: launch
trans_list: wodowanie
sense:
The movement of a vessel from land into the water; especially, the sliding on ways from the stocks on which it is built. (Compare: to splash a ship.)


lexentry: eng/launch__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: launch
trans_list: barkas
sense:
(nautical) The boat of the largest size and/or of most importance belonging to a ship of war, and often called the "captain's boat" or "captain's launch".


lexentry: eng/launch__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: launch
trans_list: wodować | zwodować
sense:
(transitive) To cause (a vessel) to move or slide from the land or a larger vessel into the water; to set afloat.


lexentry: eng/launch__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: launch
trans_list: odpalać | odpalić | rozpoczynać | rozpocząć | uruchamiać | uruchomić
sense:
(transitive) To send out; to start (someone) on a mission or project; to give a start to (something); to put in operation


lexentry: eng/launcher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: launcher
trans_list: wyrzutnia
sense:
One who or that which launches. A device that throws something or the person who initiates a launch.


lexentry: eng/laundry__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: laundry
trans_list: pranie | pralnia
sense:
A place or room where laundering is done - including, by extension, other forms of laundering than clothes washing.


lexentry: eng/laundry_basket__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: laundry basket
trans_list: kosz
sense:
A container, often made of plastic, for holding and transporting clothing and household textiles, especially before and after being laundered.


lexentry: eng/laura__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: laura
trans_list: ławra
sense:
(historical, Eastern Orthodox Church) A cluster of cells or caves for hermits, with a church and sometimes a refectory at the centre.


lexentry: eng/laurel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: laurel
trans_list: wawrzyn | laur
sense:
Laurus nobilis, an evergreen shrub having aromatic leaves of a lanceolate shape, with clusters of small, yellowish white flowers in their axils.


lexentry: eng/lava__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lava
trans_list: lawa
sense:
The molten rock ejected by a volcano from its crater or fissured sides; magma that has breached the surface of the earth.


lexentry: eng/lava_flow__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lava flow
trans_list: przepływ lawy | strumień lawy
sense:
(geology) A flow of molten lava from an erupting volcano, and the solidified mass left after the lava has cooled down.


lexentry: eng/lava_lamp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lava lamp
trans_list: lampa lava
sense:
A kind of lamp, typically used more for decoration than illumination, in which the gentle flow of randomly-shaped clumps of wax purportedly suggests the flowing of lava.


lexentry: eng/lavalier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lavalier
trans_list: mikroport
sense:
(jewellery) An item of jewellery consisting of a pendant, sometimes with one stone, suspended from a necklace.


lexentry: eng/lavaret__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lavaret
trans_list: hulanka
sense:
(zoology) A European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus, found in the mountain lakes of Sweden, Germany, and Switzerland, and in the archipelago in the Baltic Sea between Sweden and Finland.


lexentry: eng/lavash__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lavash
trans_list: lawasz
sense:
A soft, thin flatbread made with flour, water, yeast, and salt, baked in a tandoor. Toasted sesame seeds and/or poppy seeds are sometimes sprinkled on it before baking. Traditionally made in Armenia and other countries of the Caucasus and the Middle East.


lexentry: eng/lavender_marriage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lavender marriage
trans_list: lawendowe małżeństwo
sense:
A male-female marriage entered into in the hope of concealing the non-heterosexual sexual orientation of one or both of the spouses.


lexentry: eng/law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: law
trans_list: prawo
sense:
(usually with "the") The body of binding rules and regulations, customs, and standards established in a community by its legislative and judicial authorities.


lexentry: eng/law__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: law
trans_list: stróż prawa | prawo
sense:
(cricket) One of the official rules of cricket as codified by the its (former) governing body, the MCC.


lexentry: eng/law__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: law
trans_list: reguła | prawo
sense:
(mathematics, logic) A statement (of relation) that is true under specified conditions; a mathematical or logical rule.


lexentry: eng/law__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: law
trans_list: prawo
sense:
A statement (in physics, etc) of an (observed, established) order or sequence or relationship of phenomena which is invariable under certain conditions. (Compare theory.)


lexentry: eng/law__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: law
trans_list: prawo | reguła | zasada | przepis
sense:
Any rule that must or should be obeyed, concerning behaviours and their consequences. (Compare mores.)


lexentry: eng/law_of_attraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: law of attraction
trans_list: prawo przyciągania
sense:
(New Age) The purported law according to which thinking about someone or something attracts it and causes it or the individual to manifest in one's life.


lexentry: eng/law_of_large_numbers__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: law of large numbers
trans_list: prawo wielkich liczb
sense:
(statistics) The statistical tendency toward a fixed ratio in the results when an experiment is repeated a large number of times; law of averages.


lexentry: eng/law_of_the_jungle__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: law of the jungle
trans_list: prawo dżungli | prawo pięści | wilcze prawo
sense:
(figurative) A putative law dictating that one serves one's own interest to the extent that one can, in any situation where legal authority is absent or generally ignored; self-interested behaviour that emerges in the absence of law; lawlessness.


lexentry: eng/lawnmower__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lawnmower
trans_list: kosiarka
sense:
A device used for cutting grass to a chosen height, typically of landscaped lawns of residences or institutions.


lexentry: eng/lawsuit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lawsuit
trans_list: pozew
sense:
(legal) In civil law, a case where two or more people disagree and one or more of the parties take the case to a court for resolution.


lexentry: eng/lawyer__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lawyer
trans_list: adwokat | prawnik | prawniczka | adwokatka | radca | radczyni
sense:
A professional person qualified (as by a law degree or bar exam) and authorized to practice law as an attorney-at-law, solicitor, advocate, barrister or equivalent, i.e. represent parties in lawsuits or trials and give legal advice.


lexentry: eng/lay-by__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lay-by
trans_list: zatoka
sense:
(UK, Philippines) A paved area at the side of a highway designated for drivers to stop in, for emergency parking, or where vehicles can wait, with larger lay-bys possibly having facilities like food vendors or public telephones.


lexentry: eng/lay-by__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lay-by
trans_list: zatoka
sense:
(UK) A railroad siding; a second, short railroad track just to the side of a railroad track, connected with the main track by a switch and used for unloading, bypassing, etc.


lexentry: eng/lay-by__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: lay-by
trans_list: zatoka
sense:
(Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, uncountable) A method of retail purchase in which the selected goods are set aside and the customer pays for them in instalments, receiving them when fully paid; layaway.


lexentry: eng/lay_off__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lay off
trans_list: zwalniać
sense:
(transitive, chiefly, US, idiom) (of an employer) To dismiss (workers) from employment, e.g. at a time of low business volume or through no fault of the worker, often with a severance package.


lexentry: eng/lay_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lay out
trans_list: wykładać | wyłożyć
sense:
(transitive) To arrange (physically) in a certain way, so as to spread or space apart; to display (e.g. merchandise or a collection).


lexentry: eng/lay_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: lay out
trans_list: wykładać | wyłożyć
sense:
(transitive, colloquial, US) To render (someone) unconscious; to knock out; to cause to fall to the floor; to kill.


lexentry: eng/laying_on_of_hands__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: laying on of hands
trans_list: nakładanie rąk | wkładanie rąk
sense:
(religion, chiefly, Christianity) The practice of using touch to communicate spiritual energy from one person to another, especially as an act of healing.


lexentry: eng/layoff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: layoff
trans_list: zwolnienie
sense:
(chiefly, US) A dismissal of employees from their jobs because of tightened budgetary constraints or work shortage (not due to poor performance or misconduct).


lexentry: eng/lazaretto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lazaretto
trans_list: lazaret
sense:
(also, figuratively) A building such as a hospital, or occasionally a ship, used to temporarily isolate sick people to prevent the spread of infectious diseases; a quarantine. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/lazaretto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lazaretto
trans_list: lazaret
sense:
A place reserved for people with infectious diseases (especially leprosy or plague) to live on a long-term basis. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/lazy_Susan__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lazy Susan
trans_list: taca obrotowa
sense:
A rotating set of shelves used to minimize inaccessible space, usually employed in corner kitchen cabinets.


lexentry: eng/lead__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lead
trans_list: ołów
sense:
(uncountable) A heavy, pliable, inelastic metal element, having a bright, bluish color, but easily tarnished; both malleable and ductile, though with little tenacity. It is easily fusible, forms alloys with other metals, and is an ingredient of solder and type metal. Atomic number 82, symbol Pb (from Latin plumbum).


lexentry: eng/lead__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lead
trans_list: prowadzić | przewodzić | poprzedzać | prowadzenie | przodować
sense:
(countable) Precedence; advance position; also, the measure of precedence; the state of being ahead in a race; the highest score in an incomplete game.


lexentry: eng/lead__Noun__2
sense_num: 04
written_rep: lead
trans_list: prowadzić
sense:
(baseball) The situation where a runner steps away from a base while waiting for the pitch to be thrown.


lexentry: eng/lead__Noun__2
sense_num: 05
written_rep: lead
trans_list: prowadzić | doprowadzać | wieść | wodzić | poprowadzić | przeprowadzać
sense:
(uncountable, card games, dominoes) The act or right of playing first in a game or round; the card suit, or piece, so played


lexentry: eng/lead__Noun__2
sense_num: 13
written_rep: lead
trans_list: prowadzić | przewodzić | doprowadzać | wieść | wodzić | poprowadzić
sense:
In a steam engine, the width of port opening which is uncovered by the valve, for the admission or release of steam, at the instant when the piston is at end of its stroke.


lexentry: eng/lead__Noun__2
sense_num: 15
written_rep: lead
trans_list: kierować | prowadzić | doprowadzać | pokazywać | poprowadzić | przeprowadzać
sense:
(horology) The action of a tooth, such as a tooth of a wheel, in impelling another tooth or a pallet.


lexentry: eng/lead__Noun__2
sense_num: 17
written_rep: lead
trans_list: kierować | prowadzić | przewodzić | doprowadzać | pokazywać | poprowadzić
sense:
Information obtained by a detective or police officer that allows him or her to discover further details about a crime or incident.


lexentry: eng/lead__Noun__2
sense_num: 19
written_rep: lead
trans_list: cynk | trop
sense:
Information obtained by a news reporter about an issue or subject that allows him or her to discover more details.


lexentry: eng/lead__Noun__2
sense_num: 21
written_rep: lead
trans_list: prowadzić | kierować | przewodzić | wodzić | doprowadzać | prowadzić się
sense:
(US, journalism) The introductory paragraph or paragraphs of a newspaper, or a news or other type of article. (Sometimes spelled as lede for this usage to avoid ambiguity.)


lexentry: eng/lead__Noun__2
sense_num: 26
written_rep: lead
trans_list: kierować | prowadzić | doprowadzać | pokazywać | poprowadzić | przeprowadzać
sense:
(music) A mark or a short passage in one voice part, as of a canon, serving as a cue for the entrance of others.


lexentry: eng/lead__Verb__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lead
trans_list: kierować | prowadzić | przewodzić | dowodzić | poprowadzić
sense:
To conduct or direct with authority; to have direction or charge of; to command, especially a military or business unit.


lexentry: eng/lead__Verb__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lead
trans_list: prowadzić | doprowadzać | wieść | wodzić | poprowadzić | przeprowadzać
sense:
To guide or conduct in a certain course, or to a certain place or end, by making the way known; to show the way, especially by going with or going in advance of, to lead a pupil; to guide somebody somewhere or to bring somebody somewhere by means of instructions.


lexentry: eng/lead__Verb__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lead
trans_list: kierować | prowadzić | doprowadzać | pokazywać | poprowadzić | przeprowadzać
sense:
To guide or conduct oneself in, through, or along (a certain course); hence, to proceed in the way of; to follow the path or course of; to pass; to spend. Also, to cause (one) to proceed or follow in (a certain course).


lexentry: eng/lead__Verb__2
sense_num: 04
written_rep: lead
trans_list: prowadzić
sense:
(transitive) To draw or direct by influence, whether good or bad; to prevail on; to induce; to entice; to allure


lexentry: eng/lead_time__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lead time
trans_list: czas realizacji
sense:
(idiomatic) The amount of time between the initiation of some process and its completion, e.g. the time required to manufacture or procure a product; the time required before something can be provided or delivered.


lexentry: eng/leader__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: leader
trans_list: artykuł wstępny | editorial | edytorial
sense:
(UK, journalism) The first, or the principal, editorial article in a newspaper; a leading or main editorial article; a lead story.


lexentry: eng/leading_edge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leading edge
trans_list: krawędź natarcia
sense:
(aeronautics) The frontmost edge of a wing or other airfoil of an aircraft; sometimes contains slots or slats.


lexentry: eng/leading_question__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leading question
trans_list: pytanie sugestywne
sense:
A question that suggests the answer or that contains the information for which the examiner is looking.


lexentry: eng/leaf-cutter_ant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leaf-cutter ant
trans_list: mrówka liściarka
sense:
Any of the 41 species of ants in the genera Atta and Acromyrmex, that cut fragments from leaves and takes them to its colony's nest.


lexentry: eng/leaf__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: leaf
trans_list: liść | kartka
sense:
(publishing, bookbinding, advertising) A sheet of a book, magazine, etc. (consisting of two pages, one on each face of the leaf).


lexentry: eng/leaf__Noun__1
sense_num: 15
written_rep: leaf
trans_list: liść
sense:
(programming, x86) A particular value of the EAX register when a program runs the CPUID instruction; each leaf represents a different category of information returned about the processor.


lexentry: eng/leaf_litter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leaf litter
trans_list: ściółka
sense:
Dead plant material, such as fallen leaves, bark, and twigs, that has fallen to the ground and may be used by animals as habitat or for nest-building, eventually decomposing and releasing nutrients into the soil.


lexentry: eng/leaf_node__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leaf node
trans_list: liść
sense:
(botany) One of the spots upon a stem where buds and intercalary meristems occur, usually marking the end of a season's growth.


lexentry: eng/league__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: league
trans_list: sprzymierzać się | sprzymierzyć się
sense:
(ambitransitive) To form an association; to unite in a league or confederacy; to combine for mutual support.


lexentry: eng/league_cup__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: league cup
trans_list: puchar ligi
sense:
(soccer) A single-elimination tournament for which entry is restricted only to teams in the top national league or leagues.


lexentry: eng/league_table__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: league table
trans_list: tabela
sense:
(sports) A tabular display of the teams in some league in order of win percentage or points awarded, often also including number of matches played, won, lost, and drawn, goal difference, etc.


lexentry: eng/lean-to__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lean-to
trans_list: wiata
sense:
A shelter with a sloped roof; also a building with a similar construction attached to the side of a building as an extension.


lexentry: eng/leap_of_faith__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leap of faith
trans_list: skok wiary
sense:
(figuratively) The act of believing in something despite lack of proof of its truth or existence, or the attempt of something without being sure of its possible outcome.


lexentry: eng/leap_year__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leap year
trans_list: rok przestępny
sense:
A year in the Julian or Gregorian calendar with an intercalary day added to February (in the Gregorian calendar, February 29), used to adjust for the extra hours of the solar year; a 366-day year.


lexentry: eng/leapfrog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leapfrog
trans_list: zabawa w koziołki
sense:
(games) A game, often played by children, in which a player leaps like a frog over the back of another person who has stooped over. One variation of the game involves a number of people lining up in a row and bending over. The last person in the line then vaults forward over each of the others until they reach the front of the line, whereupon they also bend over. The process is then repeated.


lexentry: eng/learned_borrowing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: learned borrowing
trans_list: zapożyczenie sztuczne
sense:
(linguistics) A word or other linguistic form borrowed from one language into another on purpose instead of through normal language contact, especially one from a classical language.


lexentry: eng/lease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lease
trans_list: dzierżawa | arenda | leasing | najem
sense:
(formal, law) An interest in land granting exclusive use or occupation of real estate for a limited period; a leasehold.


lexentry: eng/least_common_multiple__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: least common multiple
trans_list: najmniejsza wspólna wielokrotność
sense:
(number theory) The smallest positive integer which is divisible by (equivalently, is an integer multiple of) each of a specified finite set of integers.


lexentry: eng/least_flycatcher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: least flycatcher
trans_list: empidonka siwa
sense:
A small insect-eating passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family, and the smallest member of the genus Empidonax, native to North America.


lexentry: eng/least_weasel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: least weasel
trans_list: łasica
sense:
The common weasel, little weasel, or simply weasel (Mustela nivalis), the smallest member of the weasel genus Mustela, native to Eurasia, North America, and North Africa.


lexentry: eng/leather__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leather
trans_list: skóra
sense:
A tough material produced from the skin of animals, by tanning or similar process, used e.g. for clothing.


lexentry: eng/leave__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leave
trans_list: zostawiać | zostawić
sense:
(transitive) To cause or allow (something) to remain as available; to refrain from taking (something) away; to stop short of consuming or otherwise depleting (something) entirely.


lexentry: eng/leave__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: leave
trans_list: zostawiać
sense:
(transitive) To transfer responsibility or attention of (something) (to someone); to stop being concerned with.


lexentry: eng/leave_for_dead__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leave for dead
trans_list: pozostawiać na śmierć | pozostawić na śmierć
sense:
(transitive) To abandon a person or other living creature that is injured or otherwise incapacitated, assuming that the death of the one abandoned will soon follow.


lexentry: eng/leave_me_alone__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leave me alone
trans_list: niech pan mnie zostawi | niech pan mnie zostawi w spokoju | zostaw mnie | zostaw mnie w spokoju
sense:
stop talking to me, stop being near me, stop interfering with my life (used especially when one is angry, frustrated, or annoyed).


lexentry: eng/leave_someone_in_the_lurch__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leave someone in the lurch
trans_list: zostawić na lodzie
sense:
(idiomatic) To abandon somebody; especially, to abandon somebody and leave him or her in a difficult situation.


lexentry: eng/lebensraum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lebensraum
trans_list: przestrzeń życiowa
sense:
(chiefly, with reference to nations and peoples) Hitherto unoccupied “living space” claimed as one’s rightful domain.


lexentry: eng/lecithin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lecithin
trans_list: lecytyna
sense:
(organic chemistry) The principal phospholipid in animals; it is particularly abundant in egg yolks, and is extracted commercially from soy. It is a major constituent of cell membranes, and is commonly used as a food additive (as an emulsifier).


lexentry: eng/lect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lect
trans_list: lekt
sense:
(linguistics, sociolinguistics) A specific form of a language or language cluster: a language or a dialect.


lexentry: eng/lectern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lectern
trans_list: pulpit | mównica
sense:
A stand with a slanted top used to support a bible from which passages are read during a church service.


lexentry: eng/lectionary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lectionary
trans_list: lekcjonarz
sense:
(Christianity, Judaism) A book or listing that contains a collection of scripture readings appointed for Christian or Jewish worship on a given day or occasion.


lexentry: eng/lectotype__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lectotype
trans_list: lektotyp
sense:
(taxonomy) A biological specimen or illustration later selected to serve as definitive type example of a species or subspecies when the original author of the name did not designate a holotype.


lexentry: eng/lecturer__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lecturer
trans_list: wykładowca | wykładowczyni
sense:
A member of a university or college below the rank of assistant professor or reader; docent; lector.


lexentry: eng/lede__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lede
trans_list: lead
sense:
(chiefly, US, journalism) The introductory paragraph or paragraphs of a newspaper, or a news or other type of article; the lead or lead-in. [from mid 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/leeboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leeboard
trans_list: miecz boczny | szwert boczny
sense:
(nautical, countable) A board, or frame of planks, lowered over the side of a sailboat to lessen its leeway.


lexentry: eng/leek__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leek
trans_list: por
sense:
A vegetable of variety Allium ampeloprasum, having edible leaves and an onion-like bulb but with a milder flavour than the onion.


lexentry: eng/leer__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leer
trans_list: patrzeć pożądliwie
sense:
(intransitive) To look sideways or obliquely; now especially with sexual desire or malicious intent.


lexentry: eng/leeway__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: leeway
trans_list: spóźnienie
sense:
(British) An adverse discrepancy or variation in a cumulative process, usually in the phrase make up leeway.


lexentry: eng/left-handed__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: left-handed
trans_list: leworęczny | leworęki
sense:
(occult, of magic) Performed with the intention of doing harm or in transgression against convention or taboo; following the left-hand path


lexentry: eng/left__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: left
trans_list: lewy | lewicowy
sense:
Designating the side of the body toward the west when one is facing north; the side of the body on which the heart is located in most humans; the opposite of right. This arrow points to the reader's left: ←


lexentry: eng/left_and_right__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: left and right
trans_list: na prawo i lewo | na prawo i na lewo
sense:
(figurative, chiefly, North America) All over the place; indiscriminately; frequently or excessively.


lexentry: eng/leg__Noun__1
sense_num: 18
written_rep: leg
trans_list: nogawka
sense:
(cricket, attributive) Denotes the half of the field on the same side as the batsman's legs; the left side for a right-handed batsman.


lexentry: eng/leg_warmer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leg warmer
trans_list: getry
sense:
A type of garment similar to a footless sock, which usually extends from below the knee to above the ankle.


lexentry: eng/legal_person__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: legal person
trans_list: osoba prawna
sense:
(legal) An aggregate of people, legal entity, or body corporate who have (some of) the legal rights and responsibilities of a natural person under the law.


lexentry: eng/legal_positivism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: legal positivism
trans_list: pozytywizm prawniczy
sense:
(legal) A school of thought in jurisprudence in which the law is seen as separated from moral values, i.e. the law is posited by lawmakers (humans).


lexentry: eng/legal_recourse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: legal recourse
trans_list: regres | roszczenie zwrotne
sense:
(legal) An action that can be taken by an individual or a corporation to attempt to remedy a legal difficulty.


lexentry: eng/legal_representative__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: legal representative
trans_list: adwokat
sense:
(law) One who represents or acts on behalf of another under authority recognised by law, such as a parent or guardian of a minor, a manager of a legal person, etc.


lexentry: eng/legal_tender__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: legal tender
trans_list: środek płatniczy
sense:
(legal) Any form of currency that, by law, cannot be refused as payment to extinguish a debt equal to the amount offered.


lexentry: eng/legalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: legalism
trans_list: legalizm
sense:
The focusing on the text of written law to the exclusion of the intent of law, elevating strict adherence to law over justice, mercy, grace and common sense.


lexentry: eng/legalize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: legalize
trans_list: legalizować | zalegalizować
sense:
To make legal or permit under law. Either by decriminalising something that has been illegal or by specifically permitting it.


lexentry: eng/legate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: legate
trans_list: legat
sense:
A deputy representing the pope, specifically a papal ambassador sent on special ecclesiastical missions.


lexentry: eng/legion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: legion
trans_list: legion
sense:
(military, Ancient Rome) The major unit or division of the Roman army, usually comprising 3000 to 6000 infantry soldiers and 100 to 200 cavalry troops.


lexentry: eng/legionary__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: legionary
trans_list: legionista
sense:
A member of a legion, such as the American Legion, or of any organization containing the term legion in its title (e.g. the French Foreign Legion).


lexentry: eng/legume__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: legume
trans_list: roślina strączkowa
sense:
(botany) Any of a large family (Fabaceae, syn. Leguminosae) of dicotyledonous herbs, shrubs, and trees having fruits that are legumes or loments, bearing nodules on the roots that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and including important food and forage plants (as peas, beans, or clovers).


lexentry: eng/leister__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leister
trans_list: oścień
sense:
(fishing) A spear armed with three or more barbed prongs for catching fish, particularly salmon. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/lemma__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lemma
trans_list: lemat
sense:
(mathematics) A proposition proved or accepted for immediate use in the proof of some other proposition.


lexentry: eng/lemma__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: lemma
trans_list: lemma | lemat
sense:
(psycholinguistics) The theoretical abstract conceptual form of a word, representing a specific meaning, before the creation of a specific phonological form as the sounds of a lexeme, which may find representation in a specific written form as a dictionary or lexicographic word.


lexentry: eng/lemming__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lemming
trans_list: leming | wyznawca
sense:
(figuratively) Any member of a group given to conformity or groupthink, especially a group poised to follow a leader off a cliff.


lexentry: eng/lemniscate__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: lemniscate
trans_list: lemniskata
sense:
(mathematics) Any of a variety of quartic functions producing similar figure-of-eight closed curves.


lexentry: eng/lemon__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: lemon
trans_list: cytrynowy | cytryna
sense:
(geometry) The surface of revolution of a circular arc of angle less than 180° rotated about the straight line passing through the arc’s two endpoints.


lexentry: eng/lemon_balm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lemon balm
trans_list: melisa | melisa lekarska
sense:
A perennial herb, of species Melissa officinalis, of southern Europe; used as a flavouring in ice cream etc.


lexentry: eng/lemon_juice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lemon juice
trans_list: sok cytrynowy
sense:
The liquid extract of lemon fruit, notably sour and often condensed, as used especially in food preparation.


lexentry: eng/lemon_shark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lemon shark
trans_list: żarłacz cytrynowy | żarłacz żółty
sense:
A shark of species Negaprion brevirostris, growing up to 10 feet long and found along the Atlantic coast of North and South America.


lexentry: eng/lemon_verbena__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lemon verbena
trans_list: lippia trójlistna
sense:
A deciduous perennial shrub native to South America, used for its lemon-like fragrance and flavor, Aloysia citrodora.


lexentry: eng/lemonade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lemonade
trans_list: lemoniada
sense:
(US, Canada, India, Philippines) A flavoured beverage consisting of water, lemon, and sweetener, sometimes ice, served mainly as a refreshment.


lexentry: eng/lemonade__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lemonade
trans_list: lemoniada
sense:
(UK, AU, NZ) A clear, usually carbonated, beverage made from lemon or artificial lemon flavouring, water, and sugar.


lexentry: eng/lemongrass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lemongrass
trans_list: palczatka cytrynowa
sense:
One of various species of grass of the genus Cymbopogon, especially Cymbopogon citratus, which have a lemon-like taste and aroma, and are used in cooking, for tea, and for fragrance.


lexentry: eng/lemur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lemur
trans_list: lemur
sense:
(colloquial) Any strepsirrhine primate of the infraorder Lemuriformes, superfamily Lemuroidea, native only to Madagascar and some surrounding islands.


lexentry: eng/lend__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lend
trans_list: pożyczać | pożyczyć
sense:
(transitive) To allow to be used by someone temporarily, on condition that it or its equivalent will be returned.


lexentry: eng/lender__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lender
trans_list: pożyczkodawca
sense:
One who lends, especially money; specifically, a bank or other entity that specializes in granting loans.


lexentry: eng/lenis__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lenis
trans_list: słaby
sense:
(phonetics, of a, consonant) Weakly articulated, hence voiced; especially as compared to the others of a group of homorganic consonants.


lexentry: eng/lens__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lens
trans_list: soczewka
sense:
(optics) An object, usually made of glass, that focuses or defocuses the light that passes through it.


lexentry: eng/lens_flare__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lens flare
trans_list: flara
sense:
A stray patch of brightness in a photographic image resulting from aberrant refractions or reflections within the lens due to an exceptionally bright light source, sometimes one just outside the image proper.


lexentry: eng/lentil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lentil
trans_list: soczewica jadalna | soczewica
sense:
Any of several plants of the genus Lens, especially Lens culinaris, from southwest Asia, that have edible, lens-shaped seeds within flattened pods.


lexentry: eng/leonine__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leonine
trans_list: lwi
sense:
(pathology) Of a facies: resembling those of a lion as a result of some disease, especially a form of leprosy which causes leontiasis; also, of leprosy: causing a lionlike facies.


lexentry: eng/leopard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leopard
trans_list: lampart | pantera | leopard | lampart plamisty | rysiec
sense:
Panthera pardus, a large wild cat with a spotted coat native to Africa and Asia, especially the male of the species (in contrast to leopardess).


lexentry: eng/leopard_shark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leopard shark
trans_list: rekin leopardzi
sense:
A hound shark, Triakis semifasciata, having distinctive markings; it is found in the coastal waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean.


lexentry: eng/leopardsbane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leopardsbane
trans_list: omieg
sense:
Any of various plants, including Arnica montana, Senecio doronicum, Paris quadrifolia, and species of genus Doronicum.


lexentry: eng/leotard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leotard
trans_list: trykot
sense:
A one-piece skintight garment with or without sleeves and without legs (often worn by gymnasts, acrobats, wrestlers, female swimmers, etc.)


lexentry: eng/leper_colony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leper colony
trans_list: leprozorium
sense:
An isolated community used to house lepers, usually in permanent quarantine from the rest of society.


lexentry: eng/lepidolite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lepidolite
trans_list: lepidolit
sense:
(mineral) A pale lilac mica mineral that is a mixed basic fluoride and aluminosilicate of potassium, lithium and aluminium.


lexentry: eng/leprosy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leprosy
trans_list: trąd | lepra
sense:
(disease, medicine) An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, gradually producing nerve damage and patches of skin necrosis and historically handled by permanently quarantining its sufferers.


lexentry: eng/leptin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leptin
trans_list: leptyna
sense:
(hormone) A protein hormone produced in adipose tissue; it plays a role in regulating appetite and metabolism.


lexentry: eng/lepton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lepton
trans_list: lepton
sense:
A coin used since ancient times in Greece, serving in modern times as one hundredth of a phoenix, a drachma, and a euro (as the Greek form of the Eurocent).


lexentry: eng/lepton__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lepton
trans_list: lepton
sense:
(particle physics) An elementary particle that has a spin of 1/2 (i.e., is a fermion) and does not interact via the strong nuclear force; examples include the electron, the muon, the neutrino and the tauon.


lexentry: eng/leptospirosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leptospirosis
trans_list: leptospirozy
sense:
An acute, infectious, febrile disease of both humans and animals, caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira.


lexentry: eng/lese_majesty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lese majesty
trans_list: obraza majestatu
sense:
The crime of violating majesty, an offense against the dignity of a reigning sovereign or against a state.


lexentry: eng/leshy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leshy
trans_list: borowy | gajowy | laskowiec | lasowy | leszy | leśnik
sense:
(Slavic mythology) A male woodland spirit in Slavic mythology who protects wild animals and forests.


lexentry: eng/lesion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lesion
trans_list: lezja | uszkodzenie ciała
sense:
(medicine) An infected or otherwise injured or diseased organ or part, especially such on a patch of skin.


lexentry: eng/less_is_more__Proverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: less is more
trans_list: mniej znaczy więcej
sense:
That which is less complicated is often better understood and more appreciated than what is more complicated; brevity in communication is more effective than verbosity.


lexentry: eng/lesser_celandine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lesser celandine
trans_list: ziarnopłon wiosenny | jaskier wiosenny | pszonka
sense:
A European perennial herb (Ficaria verna, formerly Ranunculus ficaria), having heart-shaped leaves and solitary yellow flowers


lexentry: eng/lesser_flamingo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lesser flamingo
trans_list: flaming mały | czerwonak mały
sense:
An Old World species of flamingo, Phoeniconaias minor, syn. Phoenicopterus minor, found principally in the Great Rift Valley of Africa, smaller than flamingos of the other Old World species.


lexentry: eng/let's__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: let's
trans_list: -my
sense:
Used to form the cohortative of verbs, equivalent of the first-person plural imperative in some other languages.


lexentry: eng/let-down__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: let-down
trans_list: wypływ
sense:
(countable, uncountable) The neurohormonal release of milk in dairy cows or in breastfeeding human mothers.


lexentry: eng/let_alone__Conjunction__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: let alone
trans_list: co dopiero
sense:
(idiomatic, negative polarity item) Much less; to say nothing of; used after one negative clause to introduce another, usually broader and more important clause, whose negation is implied by the negation of the first. However either of these instances mentioned can be applied with the use of let alone.


lexentry: eng/let_be__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: let be
trans_list: przestawać | przestać
sense:
(intransitive, archaic) To stop, to stop doing something; to leave off (now used alone, formerly also + infinitive).


lexentry: eng/let_bygones_be_bygones__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: let bygones be bygones
trans_list: puszczać w niepamięć | puścić w niepamięć
sense:
(intransitive, idiomatic) To disregard or ignore a past difficulty in a relationship or an offence (when dealing with another individual).


lexentry: eng/let_go__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: let go
trans_list: puszczać | puścić
sense:
(intransitive, with of, and, transitive, with object before go) To release from one's grasp; to go from a state of holding on to a state of no longer holding on.


lexentry: eng/let_him_who_is_without_sin_cast_the_first_stone__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: let him who is without sin cast the first stone
trans_list: kto z was jest bez grzechu, niech pierwszy rzuci na nią kamień
sense:
Only those who are faultless have the right to pass judgment upon others (implying that no one is faultless and that, therefore, no one has such a right to pass judgment).


lexentry: eng/let_in_on__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: let in on
trans_list: wtajemniczać | wtajemniczyć
sense:
(ditransitive) To disclose information to someone; to tell somebody a secret or share privileged information.


lexentry: eng/let_it_be__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: let it be
trans_list: zostawiać | zostawić
sense:
(idiomatic) To leave something to follow its natural course; this involves desisting from any intent to intervene.


lexentry: eng/let_oneself_go__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: let oneself go
trans_list: zaniedbać się | zaniedbywać się
sense:
(idiomatic) To cease to care about one's appearance, allowing oneself to become unkempt, overweight, etc.


lexentry: eng/let_sleeping_dogs_lie__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: let sleeping dogs lie
trans_list: nie rozdrapuj starych ran | nie wywołuj wilka z lasu
sense:
(idiomatic) To leave things as they are; especially, to avoid restarting or rekindling an old argument; to leave disagreements in the past.


lexentry: eng/lethality__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lethality
trans_list: śmiertelność
sense:
The degree of lethal (mortal) danger that something (usually a disease or a weapon) presents; the magnitude of its power to kill organisms exposed to it; this property is indirectly measured by any of various proxy rates, including mortality rate, case fatality rate, or infection fatality rate (for diseases) or kill rate (for weapons, pesticides, or parasites).


lexentry: eng/lethargy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lethargy
trans_list: letarg
sense:
A state of extreme torpor, sopor or apathy, especially with lack of emotion, energy or enthusiasm; (loosely) sluggishness, laziness. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/letter_carrier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: letter carrier
trans_list: listonosz
sense:
An employee of the post office who delivers mail (post) to, and collects it from, a residence or business, or from public mailboxes.


lexentry: eng/letter_of_credit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: letter of credit
trans_list: akredytywa
sense:
(finance, banking) A document, used primarily in trade finance and issued generally by a financial institution, in which the institution promises to pay debts up to a certain limit to be acquired by the beneficiary against delivery of documents specified in the letter.


lexentry: eng/letter_of_intent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: letter of intent
trans_list: list intencyjny
sense:
A legal document outlining one or more agreements between two or more parties before the actual agreements are finalized


lexentry: eng/letter_of_marque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: letter of marque
trans_list: list kaperski
sense:
(nautical, historical) An official commission from a government authorizing someone to seize the property or people of another nation; especially to attack merchant shipping of another nation.


lexentry: eng/letter_of_recommendation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: letter of recommendation
trans_list: referencje
sense:
A letter written by one person who is familiar with another, usually a teacher, employer, or person of similar authority, evaluating and often extolling the fitness of the other person for a position.


lexentry: eng/letter_opener__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: letter opener
trans_list: nóż do otwierania kopert | nóż do otwierania listów
sense:
A device shaped like a fixed-blade knife, usually with a blunt edge; the blunt edge does not slice the envelope so much as precisely tear it.


lexentry: eng/letterbox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: letterbox
trans_list: skrzynka pocztowa
sense:
A collection point for mail intended for onward delivery, a secure box or receptacle for this purpose.


lexentry: eng/letterhead__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: letterhead
trans_list: nagłówek
sense:
A portion of text at the top of a letter, identifying the sender and often giving their address etc., used for formal correspondence.


lexentry: eng/letters_patent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: letters patent
trans_list: patent
sense:
(law) A type of legal document in the form of an open letter issued by an authority to direct that some action be taken; to grant a monopoly, right, status, or title to a person or organization; to record a contract.


lexentry: eng/lettuce__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lettuce
trans_list: sałata
sense:
(uncountable, vegetable) The leaves of the lettuce plant, eaten as a vegetable; as a dish often mixed with other ingredients, dressing etc.


lexentry: eng/leucine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leucine
trans_list: leucyna
sense:
(amino acid) An essential amino acid, C6H13NO2, isomeric with isoleucine, found in most animal proteins; it is essential for growth in children.


lexentry: eng/leucism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leucism
trans_list: leucyzm
sense:
(zoology, pathology) An animal condition in which there is partial loss of pigmentation resulting in white, pale, or patchy coloration of the skin, hair, feathers, scales or cuticle, but not the eyes (caused by a reduction in multiple types of pigment, not just melanin).


lexentry: eng/leukemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leukemia
trans_list: białaczka | leukemia
sense:
(oncology, pathology) Any of a class of types of cancer affecting the blood cells, especially the white blood cells (usually with massive leukocytosis), and the blood cell–forming (hematopoietic) tissues.


lexentry: eng/leukocyte__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leukocyte
trans_list: leukocyt | krwinka biała
sense:
(hematology, cytology, immunology) Any of a class of blood cells that play various roles in cell-mediated immunity.


lexentry: eng/level__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: level
trans_list: poziomica | poziom
sense:
A tool for finding whether a surface is level, or for creating a horizontal or vertical line of reference.


lexentry: eng/level__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: level
trans_list: poziom
sense:
(role-playing games, video games) A numeric value given to a character (or other element of a game) that represents its relative power, challenge or eligibility to do things, used as a game mechanic to govern progression through a game.


lexentry: eng/level_crossing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: level crossing
trans_list: przejazd kolejowo-drogowy
sense:
(chiefly, British) An at-grade crossing between a railway line and an ordinary road, with rails and road at the same level.


lexentry: eng/leverage__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: leverage
trans_list: dźwignia finansowa | lewarowanie
sense:
(finance) The use of borrowed funds with a contractually determined return to increase the ability to invest and earn an expected higher return, but usually at high risk.


lexentry: eng/leverage__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leverage
trans_list: wykorzystać | wykorzystywać
sense:
(transitive, chiefly, US, slang, business) To use; to exploit; to manipulate in order to take full advantage (of something).


lexentry: eng/leviathan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: leviathan
trans_list: lewiatan
sense:
(Bible, mythological creature) A vast sea monster of tremendous strength, described as the most powerful and dangerous creature in the ocean.


lexentry: eng/levitation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: levitation
trans_list: lewitacja
sense:
The raising of something, such as a body, without apparent physical cause, allegedly using the power of the mind


lexentry: eng/levitation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: levitation
trans_list: lewitacja
sense:
The suspension of something via technical means without any mechanical support, such as by magnetism


lexentry: eng/levity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: levity
trans_list: beztroska
sense:
Lightness of manner or speech, frivolity; flippancy; lack of appropriate seriousness; inclination to make a joke of serious matters.


lexentry: eng/levorotatory__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: levorotatory
trans_list: lewoskrętny
sense:
(chemistry) (of an optically active compound or crystal) That rotates the plane of polarized light to the left, or counter-clockwise. Notation: (−) or formerly lowercase l-#Prefix.


lexentry: eng/lexeme__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lexeme
trans_list: leksem
sense:
(linguistics) A lexical item corresponding to the set of all words (or of all multi-word expressions) that are semantically related through inflection of a particular shared basic form.


lexentry: eng/lexical_category__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lexical category
trans_list: część mowy
sense:
(linguistics) A linguistic category of words (or more precisely lexical items), generally defined by the syntactic or morphological behaviour of the lexical item in question, such as nouns or verbs.


lexentry: eng/lexicalize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lexicalize
trans_list: leksykalizować
sense:
(intransitive, of a term) To become part of the vocabulary of a language as a single lexical unit with a distinct meaning.


lexentry: eng/lexicography__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lexicography
trans_list: leksykografia | słownikarstwo
sense:
(uncountable, linguistics) The scholarly discipline of analysing and describing the semantic, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships within the lexicon (vocabulary) of a language and developing theories of dictionary components and structures linking the data in dictionaries.


lexentry: eng/lexicology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lexicology
trans_list: leksykologia
sense:
(uncountable, linguistics) The part of linguistics that studies words, their nature and meaning, words' elements, relations between words including semantic relations, words groups and the whole lexicon.


lexentry: eng/li__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: li
trans_list: czy
sense:
The Chinese mile, a traditional unit of distance equal to 1500 chis or 150 zhangs, now standardized as a half-kilometer (500 meters).


lexentry: eng/liability_insurance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: liability insurance
trans_list: ubezpieczenie odpowiedzialności cywilnej
sense:
Any insurance against a potential loss due to the insured's liability for injury or damage to others.


lexentry: eng/libation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: libation
trans_list: libacja
sense:
The act of pouring a liquid, most often wine, in sacrifice on the ground, on a ritual object, or on a victim, in honor of some deity.


lexentry: eng/libel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: libel
trans_list: oszczerstwo
sense:
(countable) A written or pictorial false statement which unjustly seeks to damage someone's reputation.


lexentry: eng/libelous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: libelous
trans_list: oszczerczy
sense:
Defamatory, libeling, referring to something that causes harm to someone's reputation especially with malice or disregard.


lexentry: eng/liberal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: liberal
trans_list: liberalny
sense:
(politics) Open to political or social changes and reforms associated with either classical or modern liberalism.


lexentry: eng/liberal_arts__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: liberal arts
trans_list: sztuki wyzwolone
sense:
The academic course of instruction intended to provide general knowledge and usually comprising the arts, humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences, as opposed to professional or technical subjects.


lexentry: eng/liberalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: liberalism
trans_list: liberalizm
sense:
(politics) Any political movement founded on the autonomy and personal freedom of the individual, progress and reform, and government by law with the consent of the governed.


lexentry: eng/liberalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: liberalism
trans_list: liberalizm
sense:
(economics) An economic ideology in favour of laissez faire and the free market (related to economic liberalism).


lexentry: eng/libertarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: libertarian
trans_list: libertyn
sense:
(politics) One who advocates libertarianism; also, a member of a political party supporting libertarianism.


lexentry: eng/libertarian_socialism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: libertarian socialism
trans_list: wolnościowy socjalizm
sense:
Any of a group of political philosophies dedicated to opposing coercive forms of authority and social hierarchy, prominent examples being capitalism and the State; especially one that encourages the direct seizure by the people of the means of production with the aim of moving toward the creation of a radical direct democracy.


lexentry: eng/libertarianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: libertarianism
trans_list: libertarianizm
sense:
(economics, philosophy, politics) A political philosophy maintaining that all persons are the absolute owners of their own lives, and should be free to do whatever they wish with their persons or property, provided they allow others that same liberty.


lexentry: eng/libertine__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: libertine
trans_list: libertyn
sense:
Someone (especially a man) who takes no notice of moral laws, especially those involving sexual propriety; someone loose in morals; a pleasure-seeker.


lexentry: eng/libertinism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: libertinism
trans_list: rozpusta
sense:
A lifestyle or pattern of behavior characterized by self-indulgence and lack of restraint, especially one involving sexual promiscuity and rejection of religious or other moral authority.


lexentry: eng/libido__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: libido
trans_list: libido | chuć | popęd seksualny | pożądanie seksualne
sense:
(psychology) Drives or mental energies related to or based on sexual instincts but not necessarily sexual in and of themselves.


lexentry: eng/library__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: library
trans_list: biblioteka | książnica
sense:
An institution which holds books and/or other forms of media for use by the public or qualified people often lending them out, as well as providing various other services for its users.


lexentry: eng/library_science__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: library science
trans_list: bibliotekoznawstwo
sense:
An interdisciplinary science incorporating the humanities, law and applied science to study topics related to libraries, the collection, organization, preservation and dissemination of information resources, and the political economy of information.


lexentry: eng/libre__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: libre
trans_list: wolny
sense:
(software) With very few limitations on distribution or the right to access the source code to create improved versions, but not necessarily free of charge. [from late 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/libtard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: libtard
trans_list: lewak
sense:
(US, slang, derogatory, political) A stupid liberal or progressive; a person who presents or advocates liberal views in a stupid or illogical manner.


lexentry: eng/license__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: license
trans_list: swawola
sense:
Freedom to deviate deliberately from normally applicable rules or practices (especially in behaviour or speech).


lexentry: eng/license_plate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: license plate
trans_list: tablica rejestracyjna | blacha
sense:
An identifying tag, usually made of metal, bearing a sequence of letters or numbers identifying the vehicle, and placed at the rear and, often, also at the front of a motor vehicle.


lexentry: eng/licentious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: licentious
trans_list: rozpustny | rozwiązły | wszeteczny
sense:
Lacking restraint, or ignoring societal standards, particularly in sexual conduct; sexually unprincipled.


lexentry: eng/lich__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lich
trans_list: licz | lisz
sense:
(fantasy, RPG) A reanimated corpse or undead being; particularly an intelligent, undead spellcaster.


lexentry: eng/lichen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lichen
trans_list: porost | liszaj
sense:
Any of many symbiotic organisms, being associations of algae and fungi, often found as white or yellow-to-blue–green patches on rocks, old walls, etc.


lexentry: eng/lichenometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lichenometry
trans_list: lichenometria
sense:
(archaeology, paleontology, geomorphology) A geomorphic method of geochronologic dating that uses lichen growth to determine the age of exposed rock.


lexentry: eng/lickspittle__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lickspittle
trans_list: podlizać się | podlizywać się | włazić w dupę
sense:
(transitive, and, intransitive) To play the toady; take the role of a lickspittle to please (someone).


lexentry: eng/licorice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: licorice
trans_list: lukrecja
sense:
(countable) A plant of species Glycyrrhiza glabra, or sometimes in North America, the related American licorice plant Glycyrrhiza lepidota.


lexentry: eng/licorice__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: licorice
trans_list: lukrecja
sense:
(uncountable, chemistry) A flavoring agent made from dried root portions of the aforementioned plant.


lexentry: eng/lictor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lictor
trans_list: liktor
sense:
An officer in Ancient Rome, attendant on a consul or magistrate, who bore the fasces and was responsible for punishing criminals.


lexentry: eng/lidar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lidar
trans_list: lidar
sense:
(usually, uncountable) The optical analogue of radar, using intense pulses of laser light to measure the composition and structure of the atmosphere.


lexentry: eng/lidocaine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lidocaine
trans_list: lidokaina
sense:
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) A crystalline compound C14H22N2O that is used in the form of its hydrochloride as a local anesthetic and as an antiarrhythmic agent.


lexentry: eng/lie_in_wait__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lie in wait
trans_list: czatować
sense:
(intransitive) To be hiding, waiting to ambush or attack someone, or simply to accost them unexpectedly.


lexentry: eng/lie_through_one's_teeth__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (idiomatic) To tell an obvious untruth.
written_rep: lie through one's teeth
trans_list:
łgać jak z nut | łgać jak najęty | opowiadać głodne kawałki | wciskać ciemnotę | wciskać kit | łgać jak pies


lexentry: eng/lien__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lien
trans_list: prawo zatrzymania
sense:
(legal) A right to take possession of a debtor’s property as security until a debt or duty is discharged.


lexentry: eng/lieutenant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lieutenant
trans_list: porucznik
sense:
A military grade that is junior to the grade the adjective modifies: lieutenant colonel, lieutenant general, lieutenant commander.


lexentry: eng/lieutenant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lieutenant
trans_list: porucznik | podporucznik
sense:
(military) The lowest junior commissioned officer rank(s) in many military forces, often Army and Marines.


lexentry: eng/lieutenant_colonel__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: lieutenant colonel
trans_list: podpułkownik
sense:
An English-language term used as a general categorization for military officer ranks that are the equivalent of lieutenant colonel, the relative rank level is found in most countries.


lexentry: eng/lieutenant_general__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lieutenant general
trans_list: generał broni | generał porucznik | generał-lejtnant
sense:
A commissioned officer in the British Army or Royal Marines or the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, or United States Air Force, ranked above a major general and below a general.


lexentry: eng/lieutenant_junior_grade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lieutenant junior grade
trans_list: podporucznik
sense:
A commissioned officer of the United States Navy whose rank is above an ensign's and below a lieutenant, or a corresponding rank in other navies.


lexentry: eng/life__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: life
trans_list: życie | żywot
sense:
(uncountable) The state of organisms preceding their death, characterized by biological processes such as metabolism and reproduction and distinguishing them from inanimate objects; the state of being alive and living.


lexentry: eng/life__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: life
trans_list: życie
sense:
The period during which one (a person, an animal, a plant; a civilization, species; a star; etc) is alive.


lexentry: eng/life__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: life
trans_list: życie
sense:
(video games) One of the player's chances to play, lost when the player's character dies or when certain mistakes are made.


lexentry: eng/life__Noun__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: life
trans_list: dożywocie | kara dożywotniego pozbawienia wolności
sense:
(countable) A life assured under a life assurance policy (equivalent to the policy itself for a single life contract).


lexentry: eng/life_belt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: life belt
trans_list: koło ratunkowe
sense:
A buoyant ring carried on board ships that can be thrown to someone in the water in an emergency to keep themselves afloat.


lexentry: eng/life_cycle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: life cycle
trans_list: cykl życia
sense:
(biology) The course of stages through which an organism passes from fertilized zygote until maturity, reproduction, and death.


lexentry: eng/life_drawing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: life drawing
trans_list: szkoła wyższa
sense:
A sketched study of a model holding a pose, normally nude, or the process of creating such an image.


lexentry: eng/life_estate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: life estate
trans_list: majątek w użytkowaniu dożywotnim
sense:
(legal) An estate in land which is owned by a party only for the duration of the life of that party, and for which ownership will revert to another upon the death of that party.


lexentry: eng/life_expectancy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: life expectancy
trans_list: żywotność
sense:
(figuratively, by extension, of an idea or an object) The amount of time something is expected to last.


lexentry: eng/life_insurance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: life insurance
trans_list: ubezpieczenie na życie
sense:
A form of insurance on the life of a person, whereby if the person dies then the insurance policy pays out a sum of money to the beneficiary (such as a person's family).


lexentry: eng/life_interest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: life interest
trans_list: umową renty
sense:
(law) A right, typically in the form of regular income, that lasts for the lifetime of the person benefiting from that right.


lexentry: eng/life_jacket__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: life jacket
trans_list: kapok
sense:
an article of protective clothing that is designed to keep the wearer's head floating above the surface of the water.


lexentry: eng/life_partner__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: life partner
trans_list: towarzysz życia | towarzyszka życia
sense:
A romantic partner for life. This can be same-sex or opposite-sex, married or without marriage, and monogamous or polyamorous.


lexentry: eng/lifeboat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lifeboat
trans_list: łódź ratunkowa
sense:
(nautical) A boat especially designed for saving the lives of shipwrecked people or people in distress at sea (either launched from the shore with a crew, or else carried on board a larger ship).


lexentry: eng/lifeguard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lifeguard
trans_list: ratownik
sense:
A lifesaver: a rescuer, usually an expert swimmer, employed to save swimmers in trouble or near drowning at a body of water.


lexentry: eng/lifehack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: lifehack
trans_list: lifehack
sense:
(colloquial) Any process or technique that reduces the chaos in one's life and makes it easier to manage, or more convenient.


lexentry: eng/lift__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: lift
trans_list: winda | wyciąg | dźwig
sense:
(UK, Australia, New Zealand, India, puristic, _, elsewhere) Mechanical device for vertically transporting goods or people between floors in a building.


lexentry: eng/liftoff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: liftoff
trans_list: start
sense:
(aerospace) The point in the launch of a rocket or an aircraft where it leaves contact with the ground.


lexentry: eng/ligand__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ligand
trans_list: addend
sense:
(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry) A molecule or moiety (ion, functional group, or radical) that binds to another chemical entity to form a larger complex; as, especially:


lexentry: eng/ligature__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ligature
trans_list: bandaż
sense:
(countable) A cord or similar thing used to tie something; especially the thread used in surgery to close a vessel or duct.


lexentry: eng/ligature__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: ligature
trans_list: ligatura
sense:
(countable, typography) A character that visually combines multiple letters, such as æ, œ, ß or ĳ; also logotype. Sometimes called a typographic ligature.


lexentry: eng/light-emitting_diode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: light-emitting diode
trans_list: dioda elektroluminescencyjna
sense:
(physics) A rectifying semiconductor device which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength in or near the visible spectrum of light.


lexentry: eng/light__Adjective__2
sense_num: 04
written_rep: light
trans_list: lekki
sense:
(nautical, of a ship) Riding high because of no cargo; by extension, pertaining to a ship which is light.


lexentry: eng/light__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: light
trans_list: światło
sense:
(physics, uncountable) Electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range visible to the human eye (about 400–750 nanometers); visible light.


lexentry: eng/light__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: light
trans_list: okno | światło | świetlik
sense:
A window in architecture, carriage design, or motor car design: either the opening itself or the window pane of glass that fills it, if any.


lexentry: eng/light__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: light
trans_list: zapalić | rozpalić
sense:
(transitive, pinball) To make (a bonus) available to be collected by hitting a target, and thus light up the feature light corresponding to that bonus to indicate its availability.


