# translation

lexentry: eng/chatelaine__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chatelaine
trans_list: шателен | шатлен | шатленка
sense:
(historical) A chain or clasp worn at the waist by women with handkerchief, keys, etc., attached, supposed to resemble the chain of keys once worn by medieval chatelaines.


lexentry: eng/chauffeur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chauffeur
trans_list: шофёр | [[персона́льный]] [[води́тель]] | води́тель | води́тельница
sense:
A person employed to drive a private motor car or a hired car of executive or luxury class (like a limousine).


lexentry: eng/chauvinism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chauvinism
trans_list: шовини́зм | шовинизм
sense:
(pejorative) Unwarranted bias, favoritism, or devotion to one's own particular group, cause, or idea.


lexentry: eng/chav__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chav
trans_list: го́пник
sense:
(UK, MLE, Ireland, derogatory, offensive ) A working-class youth, especially one associated with aggression, poor education, and a perceived "common" taste in clothing and lifestyle.


lexentry: eng/cheat__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: cheat
trans_list: ве́рю-не-ве́рю
sense:
(card games) A card game where the goal is to have no cards remaining in a hand, often by telling lies.


lexentry: eng/cheat__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: cheat
trans_list: чит
sense:
(video games) A hidden means of gaining an unfair advantage in a video game, often by entering a cheat code.


lexentry: eng/cheat__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cheat
trans_list: гуля́ть | измени́ть | изменя́ть | обма́нывать | обману́ть | ходи́ть нале́во
sense:
(intransitive) To be unfaithful to one's spouse or partner; to commit adultery, or to engage in sexual or romantic conduct with a person other than one's partner in contravention of the rules of society or agreement in the relationship.


lexentry: eng/cheat_sheet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cheat sheet
trans_list: шпарга́лка | шпо́ра
sense:
A sheet of paper (or a digital analogue thereof) containing notes used to assist (with or without permission) on a test; especially, such a sheet used secretly and improperly.


lexentry: eng/check__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: check
trans_list: кле́тка
sense:
(textiles, usually, pluralized) A pattern made up of a grid of squares of alternating colors; a checkered pattern.


lexentry: eng/check_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: check out
trans_list: распла́чиваться | расплати́ться
sense:
(intransitive) To confirm and pay for goods and services at a facility (e.g.: supermarket, online store, hotel) when leaving.


lexentry: eng/check_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: check out
trans_list: дать ду́ба | прове́рить | проверя́ть | распла́чиваться | расплати́ться | сдо́хнуть
sense:
(transitive) To examine, inspect, look at closely, ogle; to investigate; to gather information so as to make a decision.


lexentry: eng/check_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: check out
trans_list: смота́ться | смы́ться | улизну́ть
sense:
(intransitive) To become uninterested in an activity and cease to participate in more than a perfunctory manner; to become uncooperative.


lexentry: eng/checkbox__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: checkbox
trans_list: га́лочка | переключа́тель | флажо́к | чекбо́кс
sense:
(graphical user interface) An on-screen box that can be optionally filled with a check mark, to enable or disable a setting.


lexentry: eng/checked_exception__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: checked exception
trans_list: отме́ченное исключе́ние
sense:
(programming) An exception that has to be declared in the signature of the method that may raise it.


lexentry: eng/checkerboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: checkerboard
trans_list: ша́хматная доска́
sense:
A board, usually square, covered with such a pattern; especially such a board with 8×8 squares, used to play chess and draughts/checkers.


lexentry: eng/checkered__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: checkered
trans_list: изме́нчивый | пёстрый | разнообра́зный
sense:
(figurative) Changeable; inconsistent; having variations or uncertainty; marked by many problems or failures.


lexentry: eng/checkmate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: checkmate
trans_list: мат | шах и мат
sense:
The conclusive victory in a game of chess that occurs when an opponent's king is threatened with unavoidable capture.


lexentry: eng/checkpoint__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: checkpoint
trans_list: КПП | блокпо́ст | контро́льно-пропускно́й пункт | пункт про́пуска
sense:
A point or place where a check is performed, especially a point along a road or on a frontier where travellers are stopped for inspection


lexentry: eng/checkpoint__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: checkpoint
trans_list: измери́тельная то́чка | контро́льная то́чка | то́чка прове́рки
sense:
(computing) A situation, often represented by a point in time, at which the state of a database system is known to be valid, and to which it can be returned in the event of a crisis by using a combination of backups and logs; the data stored at this event.


lexentry: eng/checks_and_balances__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: checks and balances
trans_list: систе́ма сде́ржек и противове́сов
sense:
(politics) A system for multiple branches of government wherein each has some control over the actions of each of the others.


lexentry: eng/checksum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: checksum
trans_list: контро́льная су́мма
sense:
(mathematics, computing) A number, derived by applying a suitable algorithm to some data, used to check whether errors have occurred in transmission, storage or data entry.


lexentry: eng/cheek__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cheek
trans_list: щека́ | щека
sense:
(anatomy) The soft skin on each side of the face, below the eyes; the outer surface of the sides of the oral cavity.


lexentry: eng/cheek__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cheek
trans_list: полупо́пие | щека́
sense:
(anatomy, informal, usually, in the plural) The lower part of the buttocks that is often exposed beneath very brief underwear, swimwear, or extremely short shorts.


lexentry: eng/cheek__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: cheek
trans_list: мик
sense:
(nautical) pump-cheek, pump-cheeks, a piece of wood cut out fork-shaped in which the brake is fastened by means of a bolt and can thus move around and move the upper box of the pump up and down


lexentry: eng/cheeky__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cheeky
trans_list: де́рзкий | на́глый | наха́льный
sense:
(informal) Impudent; impertinent; impertinently bold, often in a way that is regarded as endearing or amusing.


lexentry: eng/cheerleader__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cheerleader
trans_list: чирли́дер | чирли́дерша
sense:
(chiefly, US) A person, usually a young, attractive female, who encourages applause and cheers at a sports event, and wearing a specially-designed uniform in the official colors of the team he/she cheers for.


lexentry: eng/cheerleading__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cheerleading
trans_list: черли́динг | чирли́динг
sense:
A physical activity in which cheerleaders organize elements of dance, gymnastics, and tumbling for judgment or to cheer on a team.


lexentry: eng/cheers__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A common toast used when drinking in company.
written_rep: cheers
trans_list:
бу́дем здоро́вы | ва́ше здоро́вье | за ва́ше здоро́вье | за здоро́вье | за твоё здоро́вье | пей до дна́


lexentry: eng/cheers__Interjection__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cheers
trans_list: пока́
sense:
(chiefly, Commonwealth, informal) goodbye, especially as a sign-off in an email or after writing a comment.


lexentry: eng/cheese_mite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cheese mite
trans_list: сы́рный клещ
sense:
Any of several species of mite that thrive on the surface of cheese and feed on it. They are used on purpose in production of some types of cheese to give the cheese a distinct flavor.


lexentry: eng/cheesecake__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cheesecake
trans_list: ватру́шка | творо́жный пиро́г | творо́жный пу́динг | чи́зкейк | чизке́йк
sense:
(countable, and, uncountable, obsolete) A pie made of cream, eggs and milk (somewhat resembling the modern American chess cake).


lexentry: eng/cheesecloth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cheesecloth
trans_list: ма́рля
sense:
A loosely woven cotton gauze, originally used to wrap cheese, but now used for various culinary tasks and by farmers to shade crops and keep birds off.


lexentry: eng/cheeselet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cheeselet
trans_list: джбейна
sense:
(chiefly, Malta) A small, usually roundish lump of cheese; a baby cheese; specifically, a particular type made with sheep's milk in Malta.


lexentry: eng/cheetah__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cheetah
trans_list: гепа́рд | гепард
sense:
A distinctive member (Acinonyx jubatus) of the cat family, slightly smaller than the leopard, but with proportionately longer limbs and a smaller head; native to Africa and southeast Asia (where it is nearly extinct) and also credited with being the fastest terrestrial animal.


lexentry: eng/chef's_knife__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chef's knife
trans_list: поварско́й нож
sense:
A type of general purpose kitchen knife used for food preparation, typically measuring eight inches by one and a half inches.


lexentry: eng/chelicera__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chelicera
trans_list: хелицеры
sense:
(zoology) Either of the prehensile claws found on the proboscis of chelicerates (horseshoe crabs, sea spiders and arachnids).


lexentry: eng/chelone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chelone
trans_list: хелоне
sense:
(botany) Chelone, a genus of four species of perennial herbaceous plants that are native to eastern North America.


lexentry: eng/chemical_composition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chemical composition
trans_list: хими́ческий соста́в
sense:
(physical chemistry) The identities, and relative numbers, of the elements that make up any particular compound


lexentry: eng/chemical_compound__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chemical compound
trans_list: сло́жное вещество́ | хими́ческое соедине́ние
sense:
(chemistry) Any substance formed by the union of two or more chemical elements in a fixed ratio, the union being a chemical bond.


lexentry: eng/chemical_element__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chemical element
trans_list: хими́ческий элеме́нт | химический элемент
sense:
(chemistry) A chemical substance made entirely of one such type of atom; any one of the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction or by any chemical means and made up of atoms all having the same number of protons.


lexentry: eng/chemical_engineering__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chemical engineering
trans_list: химическая технология
sense:
The branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction and operation of industrial process plants, and the physical, chemical and biological processes to create substances or energy in a useful and economic form.


lexentry: eng/chemical_equation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chemical equation
trans_list: уравне́ние хими́ческой реа́кции | хими́ческое уравне́ние
sense:
(chemistry) a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction; reactants are represented on the left, and products on the right


lexentry: eng/chemical_reaction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chemical reaction
trans_list: хими́ческая реа́кция | химическая реакция
sense:
(chemistry) A process, typically involving the breaking or making of interatomic bonds, in which one or more substances are changed into others.


lexentry: eng/chemical_toilet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chemical toilet
trans_list: переносно́й | туале́т | хими́ческий туале́т
sense:
A toilet or chamber pot which treats waste in place with chemical disinfectants and deodorizers, as in airplane lavatories.


lexentry: eng/chemical_warfare__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chemical warfare
trans_list: хими́ческая война́
sense:
(military) The use of toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons of war, through the intentional exposure of enemy forces to such substances.


lexentry: eng/chemistry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chemistry
trans_list: химия | хи́мия
sense:
(uncountable) The branch of natural science that deals with the composition and constitution of substances and the changes that they undergo as a consequence of alterations in the constitution of their molecules.


lexentry: eng/chemoreceptor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chemoreceptor
trans_list: хемореце́птор
sense:
a sense organ, or one of its cells (such as those for the sense of taste or smell), that can respond to a chemical stimulus; a chemosensor


lexentry: eng/chemosynthesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chemosynthesis
trans_list: хемоси́нтез
sense:
the production of carbohydrates and other compounds from simple compounds such as carbon dioxide, using the oxidation of chemical nutrients as a source of energy rather than sunlight; it is limited to certain bacteria and fungi


lexentry: eng/chemotherapy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chemotherapy
trans_list: химиотерапи́я | химиотерапия
sense:
(oncology, most common usage) chemical treatment to kill or halt the replication and/or spread of cancerous cells in a patient.


lexentry: eng/chemtrail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chemtrail
trans_list: химиотрасса | химтрейл
sense:
A contrail consisting of chemicals or biological agents deliberately sprayed at high altitudes, according to certain conspiracy theories.


lexentry: eng/chengyu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chengyu
trans_list: чэнъю́й
sense:
(linguistics) A certain kind of Chinese set phrase originating in Classical Chinese, typically four characters in length, and usually proverbial.


lexentry: eng/chernozem__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chernozem
trans_list: чернозём
sense:
A fertile black soil containing a very high percentage of humus (3% to 15%) and high percentages of phosphoric acids, phosphorus and ammonia.


lexentry: eng/cherry-pick__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cherry-pick
trans_list: снимать сливки
sense:
(idiomatic) To pick out the best or most desirable items from a list or group, especially to obtain some advantage or to present something in the best possible light.


lexentry: eng/cherry_laurel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cherry laurel
trans_list: лаврови́шня
sense:
An evergreen cherry in the section Prunus sect. Laurocerasus, some of which are cultivated as ornamentals.


lexentry: eng/cherry_laurel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cherry laurel
trans_list: лаврови́шня
sense:
Prunus laurocerasus, an evergreen shrub, native to regions bordering the Black Sea in southwestern Asia.


lexentry: eng/cherry_picker__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cherry picker
trans_list: автовы́шка | автогидроподъёмник | автомоби́ль-вы́шка | самохо́дная площа́дка обслу́живания
sense:
A cantilevered tool for installing or removing the engine block from a vehicle (also known as an engine crane or engine hoist)


lexentry: eng/cherry_plum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cherry plum
trans_list: алыча́
sense:
Prunus cerasifera, a deciduous ornamental Eurasian shrub or small tree, having white flowers and small red to yellow edible fruits.


lexentry: eng/cherry_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cherry tree
trans_list: чере́шня | вишня
sense:
A tree of the subgenus Prunus subg. Cerasus, the members of which are valued agriculturally for their fruit, the cherry, and the wood of the tree, cherrywood, used in woodworking.


lexentry: eng/chert__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chert
trans_list: кремни́стый известня́к | сла́нец
sense:
(geology, uncountable) Massive, usually dull-colored and opaque, quartzite, hornstone, impure chalcedony, or other flint-like mineral.


lexentry: eng/cherub__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cherub
trans_list: херуви́м | херувим
sense:
(biblical) A winged creature attending God and guarding his throne described as a being with four faces (man, lion, ox, and eagle), human hands, calf hooves, four wings, and many eyes. A description can be found in Ezekiel chapter 1 and Ezekiel chapter 10; similar to a lamassu (winged bull with a human torso) in the pre-exilic texts of the Hebrew Bible, more humanoid in later texts.


lexentry: eng/chervonets__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chervonets
trans_list: черво́нец | черво́нчик
sense:
Any of several former currencies of Russia: applied to various foreign gold coins prior to the reign of Peter I of Russia, then to a Russian gold coin of 1701-1757, and finally to a 1922 currency of the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/chess__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chess
trans_list: ша́хматы | шахматы
sense:
A board game for two players, each beginning with sixteen chess pieces moving according to fixed rules across a chessboard with the objective to checkmate the opposing king.


lexentry: eng/chess_clock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chess clock
trans_list: шахматные часы
sense:
A device consisting of two clocks and a switch for running one at a time, used in chess and other games to measure how much time each player takes.


lexentry: eng/chessboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chessboard
trans_list: ша́хматная доска́ | шахматная доска
sense:
(chess) The square board used in the game of chess, subdivided into eight rows of eight squares each, the squares in each row and column being of alternating colours.


lexentry: eng/chest__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: chest
trans_list: грудь | грудна́я кле́тка
sense:
(anatomy) The portion of the human body from the base of the neck to the top of the abdomen; the homologous area in other animals.


lexentry: eng/chest_of_drawers__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chest of drawers
trans_list: комо́д | скры́ня | шифонье́р | шкаф
sense:
A piece of furniture which has multiple parallel, horizontal drawers stacked one above the other, used mainly for the storage of clean clothes.


lexentry: eng/chest_wall__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chest wall
trans_list: грудная клетка
sense:
(medicine) The set of tissues that bound the thoracic cavity, including the rib cage, fascia, muscles etc.


lexentry: eng/chevron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chevron
trans_list: шевро́н
sense:
A V-shaped pattern; used in architecture, and as an insignia of military or police rank, on the sleeve.


lexentry: eng/chew__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chew
trans_list: жева́ть | жевать
sense:
To crush with the teeth by repeated closing and opening of the jaws; done to food to soften it and break it down by the action of saliva before it is swallowed.


lexentry: eng/chew_the_cud__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chew the cud
trans_list: думать
sense:
(figuratively, idiomatic, of a person) To meditate or ponder before answering; to be deep in thought; to ruminate.


lexentry: eng/chewy__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Having a pliable or springy texture when chewed.
written_rep: chewy
trans_list:
[[требовать|тре́бующий]] [[продолжительный|продолжи́тельного]] [[жевание|жева́ния]] | [[требовать|тре́бующий]] [[усиленный|уси́ленного]] [[жевание|жева́ния]] | жёсткий


lexentry: eng/chi-square_test__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chi-square test
trans_list: тест хи-квадра́т
sense:
(mathematics) any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic has a chi-square distribution if the null hypothesis is true


lexentry: eng/chi__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chi
trans_list: ци | ки | чи
sense:
(philosophy) A life force in traditional Chinese philosophy, culture, medicine, etc, related (but not limited) to breath and circulation.


lexentry: eng/chia_seed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chia seed
trans_list: [[семена́]] [[чи́а]] | [[семена́]] от [[чи́а]] | [[чи́я]]-[[семя|семена́]]
sense:
An edible seed of Salvia hispanica, a flowering plant in the mint family native to Central America, or of the related Salvia columbariae of southwestern United States and Mexico.


lexentry: eng/chiaroscuro__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chiaroscuro
trans_list: кьяроску́ро | светоте́нь
sense:
(painting) An artistic technique developed during the Renaissance, referring to the use of strong contrasts between light and dark in order to create the illusion of volume.


lexentry: eng/chicane__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chicane
trans_list: шикана
sense:
The use of dishonest means or subterfuge to achieve one's (especially political) goals; chicanery, trickery. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/chicane__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: chicane
trans_list: шикана
sense:
(motor racing) A sharp double bend on a racecourse, designed to prevent unsafe speeds; an obstacle creating a curve. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/chicken_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chicken out
trans_list: забзде́ть | засса́ть | испуга́ться | обосра́ться | обосса́ться | стру́сить
sense:
(idiomatic) To shy away from a daring task; to decline, refuse, or avoid something due to fear or uncertainty.


lexentry: eng/chicken_soup__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chicken soup
trans_list: кури́ный суп
sense:
Any soup made with either pieces of chicken or chicken broth as its main ingredient, often thought to cure everyday illnesses such as the common cold.


lexentry: eng/chickenhawk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chickenhawk
trans_list: лунь
sense:
Any of the North American hawk species (Cooper's hawk, sharp-shinned hawk and red-tailed hawk), or counterparts elsewhere, mistakenly believed to be pests.


lexentry: eng/chickling_vetch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chickling vetch
trans_list: чи́на посевна́я
sense:
A plant with edible seeds similar to peas and chickpeas of species Lathyrus sativus, used as a famine food but causing lathyrism if eaten in large amounts or over a long time.


lexentry: eng/chicory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chicory
trans_list: цико́рий | цикорий
sense:
(chiefly, Britain) The common chicory (Cichorium intybus), the source of Belgian endive, radicchio, and sugarloaf.


lexentry: eng/chief_executive_officer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chief executive officer
trans_list: генера́льный дире́ктор
sense:
(business) The highest-ranking corporate officer or executive officer of a corporation, company, or agency, responsible for carrying out the policies of the board of directors on a day-to-day basis; CEO.


lexentry: eng/chief_financial_officer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chief financial officer
trans_list: финансовый директор
sense:
(business) The executive who is in charge of financial affairs, notably as head of a financial department, typically directly under the chief executive officer and/or the board who lead the corporation or other organisation as a whole


lexentry: eng/chief_operating_officer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chief operating officer
trans_list: директор по производству
sense:
(business) A corporate officer of a corporation, company, or agency, responsible for executing decisions of the chief executive officer (CEO) according to their decided schedule; often initialised as COO.


lexentry: eng/chiefly__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
sense: (focus) Mainly or principally; almost entirely.
written_rep: chiefly
trans_list:
в [[основной|основно́м]] | в [[первый|пе́рвую]] [[о́чередь]] | гла́вным о́бразом | осо́бенно | пе́рвоочерёдно


lexentry: eng/chiffchaff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chiffchaff
trans_list: пе́ночка-тенько́вка | пеночка-теньковка
sense:
A small, common warbler, Phylloscopus collybita, with yellowish-green plumage that breeds throughout northern and temperate Europe and Asia.


lexentry: eng/chiffon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chiffon
trans_list: шифо́н
sense:
A lightweight, balanced plain-woven sheer fabric, or gauze, like gossamer, woven of alternate S- and Z-twist crepe (high-twist) yarns made of silk, polyester, or cotton.


lexentry: eng/chilblain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chilblain
trans_list: обморо́женное ме́сто | обмороже́ние
sense:
An itchy purple red inflammation of the skin, especially of the hands, feet and ears, occurring when capillaries below the skin are damaged by exposure to cold weather (but do not freeze, which would lead to frostbite instead).


lexentry: eng/child__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: child
trans_list: ребёнок | дитя́ | ча́до
sense:
(with possessive) One's direct descendant by birth, regardless of age; one's offspring; a son or daughter.


lexentry: eng/child__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: child
trans_list: доче́рний | ребёнок
sense:
(computing) A data item, process, or object which has a subservient or derivative role relative to another.


lexentry: eng/child__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: child
trans_list: ребёнок | дитя́
sense:
A person considered a product of a place or culture, a member of a tribe or culture, regardless of age.


lexentry: eng/child_abuse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: child abuse
trans_list: наси́лие над детьми́
sense:
(criminology) Physical, sexual or emotional mistreatment of a child that causes long-term or permanent damage. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/child_bride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: child bride
trans_list: малоле́тняя неве́ста
sense:
A very young bride, usually coerced or pressured into nuptials with a much older man, as practiced in some cultures.


lexentry: eng/child_labour__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: child labour
trans_list: де́тский труд
sense:
(British spelling, Canadian spelling) Work performed by a minor that is prohibited by statute law, or under terms and conditions considered inhumane.


lexentry: eng/child_molester__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: child molester
trans_list: педофил
sense:
(criminology) Someone who has committed an act of child molestation; someone who has sexually abused a minor.


lexentry: eng/child_safety_seat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: child safety seat
trans_list: де́тское автокре́сло | де́тское сиде́нье | де́тское уде́рживающее устро́йство
sense:
A detachable seat intended to provide additional safety to infants and young children when riding in automobiles, now frequently mandated by law.


lexentry: eng/child_support__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: child support
trans_list: алиме́нты
sense:
(legal) The ongoing obligation for a periodic payment made directly or indirectly by an obligor, usually the noncustodial parent, to an obligee, usually the custodial parent or other guardian, for the financial care and support of children of a relationship or marriage that has been terminated, or which never existed.


lexentry: eng/children's_home__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: children's home
trans_list: де́тский дом | детдо́м
sense:
A public institution for the care and protection of children whose parents have died or can no longer care for them.


lexentry: eng/chili__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chili
trans_list: го́рький пе́рец | кра́сный пе́рец | пе́рец чи́ли | чи́ли
sense:
(countable) The pungent, spicy fresh or dried fruit of any of several cultivated varieties of capsicum peppers, used in cooking.


lexentry: eng/chili_oil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chili oil
trans_list: ма́сло из о́строго пе́рца | ра́ю
sense:
A spicy condiment in which crushed dried red chili peppers (and sometimes other ingredients) have been macerated in oil


lexentry: eng/chili_pepper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chili pepper
trans_list: го́рький пе́рец | кра́сный пе́рец | пе́рец чи́ли
sense:
Any fruit of a plant of the botanical genus Capsicum, which contains capsaicin and typically has a spicy/burning flavour.


lexentry: eng/chiliasm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chiliasm
trans_list: хилиазм | милленаризм
sense:
Belief in an earthly thousand-year period of peace and prosperity, sometimes equated with the return of Jesus for that period.


lexentry: eng/chill__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chill
trans_list: моро́з | озно́б | прохла́да | хо́лод
sense:
A sudden penetrating sense of cold, especially one that causes a brief trembling nerve response through the body; the trembling response itself; often associated with illness: fevers and chills, or susceptibility to illness.


lexentry: eng/chill__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: chill
trans_list: дрожь | моро́з | озно́б | прохла́да | хо́лод
sense:
An uncomfortable and numbing sense of fear, dread, anxiety, or alarm, often one that is sudden and usually accompanied by a trembling nerve response resembling the body's response to biting cold.


lexentry: eng/chimaera__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chimaera
trans_list: химера
sense:
A cartilaginous marine fish in the subclass Holocephali and especially the order Chimaeriformes, with a blunt snout, long tail, and a spine before the first dorsal fin


lexentry: eng/chime__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chime
trans_list: звон | звоно́к | колоко́льчики | молото́к
sense:
(musical instruments) A musical instrument producing a sound when struck, similar to a bell (e.g. a tubular metal bar) or actually a bell. Often used in the plural to refer to the set: the chimes.


lexentry: eng/chime__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chime
trans_list: звене́ть | звони́ть
sense:
(transitive) To cause to sound in harmony; to play a tune, as upon a set of bells; to move or strike in harmony.


lexentry: eng/chimera__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: chimera
trans_list: химера
sense:
(zoology) , a cartilaginous marine fish in the subclass Holocephali and especially the order Chimaeriformes, with a blunt snout, long tail, and a spine before the first dorsal fin.


lexentry: eng/chimerical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: chimerical
trans_list: химе́рный
sense:
(genetics) Resulting from the expression of two or more genes that originally coded for separate proteins.


lexentry: eng/chimney__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chimney
trans_list: труба́ | дымова́я труба́ | дымохо́д
sense:
A vertical tube or hollow column used to emit environmentally polluting gaseous and solid matter (including but not limited to by-products of burning carbon- or hydrocarbon-based fuels); a flue.


lexentry: eng/chimney_stack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chimney stack
trans_list: труба́
sense:
(architectural element) A vertical structure, normally of brick, rising from a roof, containing one or more flues, each one terminating in a chimney pot.


lexentry: eng/chimney_swift__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chimney swift
trans_list: дымчатый иглохвост
sense:
A rapid-flying bird that feeds on flying insects, Chaetura pelagica, with a breeding range in the eastern US extending into Canada and winter range in northwestern South America.


lexentry: eng/chimpanzee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chimpanzee
trans_list: шимпанзе́ | шимпанзе
sense:
Pan troglodytes, a species of great ape in the genus Pan, native to Africa, and believed by biologists to be the closest extant relative to humans along with the bonobo.


lexentry: eng/chimpanzee__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chimpanzee
trans_list: шимпанзе́ | шимпанзе
sense:
(broadly) A member of the genus Pan, including the bonobo which was formerly known as the pygmy chimpanzee.


lexentry: eng/chinchilla__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chinchilla
trans_list: шинши́лла | шиншилла
sense:
(countable) Either of two small, crepuscular rodents of the genus Chinchilla, native to the Andes, prized for their very soft fur and often kept as pets.


lexentry: eng/chine__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: chine
trans_list: хребе́т
sense:
The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a stave.


lexentry: eng/chink__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chink
trans_list: замазывать | затыка́ть
sense:
(transitive) To fill an opening such as the space between logs in a log house with chinking; to caulk.


lexentry: eng/chintz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chintz
trans_list: си́тец | чинц
sense:
A painted or stained calico fabric, originally produced in India, and known for its brightly colored designs.


lexentry: eng/chip__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: chip
trans_list: чипс
sense:
(US, Canada, Australia, and, New Zealand, especially, in the plural) A thin, crisp, fried slice of potato, a crisp; occasionally a similar fried slice of another vegetable or dried fruit.


lexentry: eng/chip_on_one's_shoulder__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chip on one's shoulder
trans_list: блок
sense:
(idiomatic) A habitually combative attitude, usually because of a harboured grievance, sense of inferiority, or having something to prove.


lexentry: eng/chipper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chipper
trans_list: шредер
sense:
(in particular, US) A machine that reduces organic matter to compost; depending on size, whole tree trunks are reduced to sawdust; a woodchipper.


lexentry: eng/chipset__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chipset
trans_list: чипсе́т
sense:
(computing) A group of integrated circuits that are designed to work together, and are usually marketed as a single product.


lexentry: eng/chirality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chirality
trans_list: кира́льность | хира́льность
sense:
The phenomenon, in chemistry, physics and mathematics, in which objects are mirror images of each other, but are otherwise identical; handedness


lexentry: eng/chiropractor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chiropractor
trans_list: костопра́в | хиропра́ктор
sense:
A health-care practitioner who specializes in chiropractic, the hands on or hand-held instrumental movement of the bone structure of the body to improve the function of the joints or nervous system.


lexentry: eng/chirp__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chirp
trans_list: чири́кать | щебета́ть
sense:
(intransitive) To make a short, sharp, cheerful note, as of small birds or crickets; to chitter; to twitter.


lexentry: eng/chisel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chisel
trans_list: долото́ | зуби́ло | стаме́ска
sense:
A cutting tool used to remove parts of stone, wood or metal by pushing or pounding the back when the sharp edge is against the material. It consists of a slim, oblong block of metal with a sharp wedge or bevel formed on one end and sometimes a handle at the other end.


lexentry: eng/chit__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: chit
trans_list: [[прора́щивать]] [[клубень|клу́бни]]
sense:
(transitive, British, dialect) To initiate sprouting of tubers, such as potatoes, by placing them in special environment, before planting into the soil.


lexentry: eng/chitin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chitin
trans_list: хити́н | хитин
sense:
(carbohydrate) A complex polysaccharide, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and in the cell walls of fungi; thought to be responsible for some forms of asthma in humans.


lexentry: eng/chiton__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chiton
trans_list: хито́н
sense:
Any of various rock-clinging marine molluscs of the class Polyplacophora, including the genus Chiton.


lexentry: eng/chivalry__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: chivalry
trans_list: ры́царство
sense:
The ethical code of the knight prevalent in Medieval Europe, having such primary virtues as mercy towards the poor and oppressed, humility, honour, sacrifice, fear of God, faithfulness, courage and courtesy to ladies.


lexentry: eng/chlamydia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chlamydia
trans_list: хлами́дия | хламидиоз
sense:
(uncountable) Any of several common, often asymptomatic, sexually transmitted diseases caused by the microorganism Chlamydia trachomatis.


lexentry: eng/chlamys__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chlamys
trans_list: хлами́да
sense:
(historical) A short poncho-like cloak caught up on the shoulder, worn by hunters, soldiers, and horsemen in Ancient Greece.


lexentry: eng/chloramine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chloramine
trans_list: фарм.
sense:
(inorganic compound, organic compound) any of a class of unstable compounds of nitrogen and chlorine R1R2NCl; also the parent compound NH2Cl (monochloramine), used to manufacture hydrazine, and as the antiseptic chloramine-T


lexentry: eng/chloric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chloric
trans_list: хло́рный
sense:
(chemistry) Of a compound, containing chlorine with a higher oxidation number than equivalent chlorous compounds; especially having an oxidation number of 5.


lexentry: eng/chloric_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chloric acid
trans_list: хлорнова́тая кислота́
sense:
(chemistry) a strong acid, HClO3, known only in solution and as its chlorate salts; a powerful oxidizing agent


lexentry: eng/chloride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chloride
trans_list: хлори́д | хлорид
sense:
(chemistry) any salt of hydrochloric acid, such as sodium chloride, or any binary compound of chlorine and another element or radical


lexentry: eng/chlorinate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chlorinate
trans_list: хлори́ровать | хлорировать
sense:
(transitive) (chemistry) To add chlorine to (something, especially water, to purify it; or an auriferous substance, to extract gold from it).


lexentry: eng/chlorine_dioxide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chlorine dioxide
trans_list: диокси́д хлóра
sense:
(inorganic compound) a reddish-yellow explosive gas, ClO2, used as a water disinfectant and to bleach flour and wood pulp


lexentry: eng/chlorofluorocarbon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chlorofluorocarbon
trans_list: хлорфторуглероды
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds in which the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon are replaced with those of chlorine and fluorine; formerly used as refrigerants and aerosol can propellants but withdrawn due to causing damage to the ozone layer.


lexentry: eng/chloroform__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chloroform
trans_list: хлорофо́рм | хлороформ
sense:
(organic compound) A halogenated hydrocarbon, trichloromethane, CHCl3; it is a volatile, sweet-smelling liquid, used extensively as a solvent and formerly as an anesthetic.


lexentry: eng/chlorophyll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chlorophyll
trans_list: хлорофи́лл | хлорофилл
sense:
(biochemistry) Any of a group of green pigments that are found in the chloroplasts of plants and in other photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria.


lexentry: eng/chloroplast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chloroplast
trans_list: хлоропла́ст
sense:
(cytology) An organelle, found in the cells of green plants and in photosynthetic algae, where photosynthesis takes place, characterized by a high concentration of chlorophyll and two membranes.


lexentry: eng/chloroprene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chloroprene
trans_list: хлоропрен
sense:
(organic compound) The chlorinated derivative of butadiene 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene that is used (via polymerization) in the manufacture of synthetic rubber.


lexentry: eng/chloroquine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chloroquine
trans_list: хлорохи́н
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A 4-aminoquinoline drug used to treat and prevent malaria, having the chemical formula C18H26ClN3.


lexentry: eng/chlorosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chlorosis
trans_list: хлороз
sense:
(pathology, countable) An anaemia, due to deficiency of iron, characterized by a yellow-green colouration of the skin; greensickness.


lexentry: eng/chock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chock
trans_list: [[упо́р]] для колёс | башма́к | клин
sense:
Any object used as a wedge or filler, especially when placed behind a wheel to prevent it from rolling.


lexentry: eng/chocolate__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: chocolate
trans_list: шокола́дный | шоколад
sense:
(uncountable) A dark, reddish-brown colour/color, like that of chocolate (also called chocolate brown).


lexentry: eng/chocolate_bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chocolate bar
trans_list: плитка шоколад
sense:
A flat slab of chocolate, usually oblong in shape, which can be broken into smaller segments when being eaten, either solid or with a filling such as nuts or caramel.


lexentry: eng/chocolate_milk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chocolate milk
trans_list: шокола́дное молоко́
sense:
A sweetened cocoa-flavored drink, typically created by mixing chocolate syrup or chocolate powder with milk, and typically served cold.


lexentry: eng/chocolate_teacake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chocolate teacake
trans_list: [[суфле́]] в [[шокола́де]] | кре́мбо | поцелу́й не́гра | шокола́дный поцелу́й
sense:
A confection consisting of a biscuit base topped with marshmallow-like filling and coated in a hard shell of chocolate.


lexentry: eng/choir__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: choir
trans_list: хор
sense:
(architecture) Uncommon form of quire (“one quarter of a cruciform church, or the architectural area of a church used by the choir, often near the apse”).


lexentry: eng/choke__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: choke
trans_list: дави́ться | задохну́ться | задыха́ться | подави́ться
sense:
(intransitive) To be unable to breathe because of obstruction of the windpipe (for instance food or other objects that go down the wrong way, or fumes or particles in the air that cause the throat to constrict).


lexentry: eng/choke_collar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: choke collar
trans_list: уда́вка
sense:
A dog's collar which tightens itself so as to choke the dog, when it pulls the leash. Used especially for training. W


lexentry: eng/choke_off__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: choke off
trans_list: заставить замолчать
sense:
(idiomatic, transitive) To stop (someone or something) in the execution of a purpose or task; to stop (someone) from doing something.


lexentry: eng/chokeberry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chokeberry
trans_list: арония
sense:
Either of two species in Aronia, formerly and sometimes in Photinia, deciduous shrubs, native to Russia and eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps.


lexentry: eng/choker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: choker
trans_list: колье́ | ожере́лье | цепо́чка
sense:
(fashion) A piece of jewelry or ornamental fabric, worn as a necklace or neckerchief, tight to the throat.


lexentry: eng/cholera__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cholera
trans_list: холе́ра | холера
sense:
(pathology) Any of several acute infectious diseases of humans and domestic animals, caused by certain strains of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium through ingestion of contaminated water or food, usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.


lexentry: eng/cholesterol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cholesterol
trans_list: холестери́н | холестерин
sense:
(biochemistry) A sterol lipid synthesized by the liver and transported in the bloodstream to the membranes of all animal cells; it plays a central role in many biochemical processes and, as a lipoprotein that coats the walls of blood vessels, is associated with cardiovascular disease.


lexentry: eng/choline__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: choline
trans_list: холи́н
sense:
(organic compound) A hydroxy quaternary ammonium compound with formula (CH3)3N+CH2CH2OHX−. It is an essential nutrient for cardiovascular and brain health and for cell membrane formation.


lexentry: eng/cholla__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cholla
trans_list: цилиндропу́нция
sense:
Any of several species of cactus in the genus Cylindropuntia, having very spiny, cylindrical stem segments.


lexentry: eng/chop_suey__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chop suey
trans_list: кита́йское рагу́ | чоп-суэ́й
sense:
(US, Philippines) A stir-fried vegetable dish, served with pieces of beef or pork in a semi-thick sauce, and often soy sauce.


lexentry: eng/chop_suey__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chop suey
trans_list: кита́йское рагу́ | чоп-суэ́й
sense:
(Canada, and, British) Steamed bean sprouts served in a semi-thick sauce, and mixed with a choice of meat and/or vegetables.


lexentry: eng/chopped_liver__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chopped liver
trans_list: ничтожество
sense:
(idiomatic, humorous, informal) A person or object not worthy of being noticed; someone or something insignificant.


lexentry: eng/chopping_block__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chopping block
trans_list: пла́ха
sense:
(historical, informal) A block of wood against which a condemned person put their head prior to beheading.


lexentry: eng/chopstick__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chopstick
trans_list: па́лочка для еды́ | кита́йские па́лочки | па́лочка
sense:
(usually, in the plural) An East Asian eating utensil usually used as a pair and held in one hand to grip pieces of food or occasionally to mix liquids or scoop up small pieces of food. The utensil is a stick, usually made of wood and measuring approximately 23cm (10 inches) in length.


lexentry: eng/chord__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: chord
trans_list: хо́рда | хорда
sense:
(rail) A section of subsidiary railway track that interconnects two primary tracks that cross at different levels, to permit traffic to flow between them.


lexentry: eng/chord__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: chord
trans_list: хо́рда
sense:
(aeronautics) The distance between the leading and trailing edge of a wing, measured in the direction of the normal airflow.


lexentry: eng/chordate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chordate
trans_list: хо́рдовый
sense:
A member of the phylum Chordata; numerous animals having a notochord at some stage of their development; in vertebrates this develops into the spine.


lexentry: eng/chordophone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chordophone
trans_list: хордофо́н
sense:
(musical instrument) Any musical instrument that produces sound from one or more vibrating strings; a string instrument.


lexentry: eng/chore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A task, especially a difficult, unpleasant, or routine one.
written_rep: chore
trans_list:
[[неприятный|неприя́тная]] [[рабо́та]] | [[рутинный|рути́нная]] [[рабо́та]] | дома́шняя рабо́та | обя́занность


lexentry: eng/chorea__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chorea
trans_list: ви́ттова пля́ска | пля́ска свято́го Ви́тта | хоре́я
sense:
(pathology) Any of the various diseases of the nervous system characterized by involuntary muscular movements of the face and extremities; St. Vitus's dance.


lexentry: eng/choreography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: choreography
trans_list: хореогра́фия | хореография
sense:
(by extension, figurative) The art of creating and arranging any activities that involve social coordination or orchestration.


lexentry: eng/choreography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: choreography
trans_list: хореогра́фия | хореография
sense:
(uncountable) The art of creating, arranging and recording the dance movements of a work, such as a ballet.


lexentry: eng/chorizo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chorizo
trans_list: чоризо | чорисо
sense:
A spicy Spanish sausage flavoured with paprika, often crumbled for use in filling tacos, quesadillas, etc.


lexentry: eng/chorus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chorus
trans_list: хор
sense:
A group of singers and dancers in a theatrical performance or religious festival who commented on the main performance in speech or song.


lexentry: eng/chorus__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: chorus
trans_list: хор
sense:
A group of singers performing together; a choir; specifically, such a group singing together in a musical, an opera, etc., as distinct from the soloists; an ensemble.


lexentry: eng/chosen_one__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chosen one
trans_list: избранный
sense:
(informal, authorship) A character in a narrative work who is predestined to save the world or accomplish some other grand and heroic deed; one who is predestined to become the one.


lexentry: eng/choss__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: choss
trans_list: развальня
sense:
(climbing) Rock that is unsuitable for rock climbing, e.g. because it is too soft, unstable, or overgrown.


lexentry: eng/chough__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chough
trans_list: клу́шица
sense:
Either of two species of bird of the genus Pyrrhocorax in the crow family Corvidae that breed mainly in high mountains and on coastal sea cliffs of Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/choux_pastry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: choux pastry
trans_list: заварно́е те́сто
sense:
A type of light pastry (made just from butter, water, flour and eggs) that is used to make profiteroles, éclairs, chouquettes, etc.


lexentry: eng/chrism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chrism
trans_list: еле́й | ми́ро
sense:
A mixture of oil and balm, consecrated for use as an anointing fluid in certain Christian ceremonies, especially confirmation.


lexentry: eng/chromakey__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chromakey
trans_list: хромакей
sense:
(television, cinema) The use of a particular color, usually either green or blue) as a key in a studio in order to allow one image to be seamlessly partially superimposed upon another.


lexentry: eng/chromatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chromatic
trans_list: хромати́ческий
sense:
Relating to or using notes not belonging to the diatonic scale of the key in which a passage of music is written.


lexentry: eng/chromatic_aberration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chromatic aberration
trans_list: хроматическая аберрация
sense:
(optics) An optical aberration in which an image has coloured fringes, caused by differential refraction of light of different wavelengths.


lexentry: eng/chromatin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chromatin
trans_list: хроматин
sense:
(biology) A complex of DNA, RNA and proteins within the cell nucleus out of which chromosomes condense during cell division.


lexentry: eng/chromatography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chromatography
trans_list: хроматогра́фия
sense:
(analytical chemistry) Any of various techniques for the qualitative or quantitative separation of the components of mixtures of compounds; all characterized by the use of a mobile phase (gas or liquid) moving relative to a stationary phase (liquid or solid) – the differences between the rates of migration of the compounds between the two phases affect the separation.


lexentry: eng/chromic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chromic acid
trans_list: хро́мовая кислота́
sense:
(inorganic compound) A corrosive acid, H2CrO4, known only in solution or as its salts, the chromates (from which it may be prepared); it is a very powerful oxidizing agent.


lexentry: eng/chromium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chromium
trans_list: хром
sense:
A chemical element (symbol Cr) with an atomic number of 24: a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle transition metal.


lexentry: eng/chromosome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chromosome
trans_list: хромосо́ма | хромосома
sense:
(cytology, genetics) A linear arrangement of condensed DNA and associated proteins (such as chaperone proteins) which contains the genetic material (genome) of an organism.


lexentry: eng/chromosphere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chromosphere
trans_list: хромосфе́ра | хромосфера
sense:
(star) The faint pink extension of a star's atmospheric envelope between the corona and the photosphere


lexentry: eng/chronic_bronchitis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chronic bronchitis
trans_list: запа́л
sense:
(diseases) One of the two entities making up chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), defined as having a productive cough for three months in each of two successive years in a patient in whom other causes of chronic cough have been excluded.


lexentry: eng/chronic_fatigue_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chronic fatigue syndrome
trans_list: миалгический энцефаломиелит | синдром хронической усталости
sense:
(pathology) A condition characterized by immune, endocrine and neurologic pathology whose main symptoms are extreme fatigue, extremely low stamina, muscle pain, lymph node swelling, postexertional malaise, and cognitive difficulties.


lexentry: eng/chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
trans_list: хрони́ческая обструкти́вная боле́знь лёгких
sense:
(medicine, pulmonology, pathology) A type of progressive lung disease characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.


lexentry: eng/chronobiology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chronobiology
trans_list: биоритмология
sense:
(biology) The study of the effects of time on biological systems, especially the effects of periodicity


lexentry: eng/chronogram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chronogram
trans_list: хроногра́мма
sense:
A sentence or inscription whose letters, when interpreted according to a system (such as Roman numerals) in which letters correspond to numeric values, stand for a particular date (usually the date of inscription) when rearranged.


lexentry: eng/chronology__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chronology
trans_list: хроноло́гия | хронология
sense:
(countable) An arrangement of events into chronological order; called a timeline when involving graphical elements.


lexentry: eng/chrononormativity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chrononormativity
trans_list: хрононормати́вность
sense:
the use of time to organize individuals toward maximum productivity; for example, the appropriate time range to start working, have children, or to retire.


lexentry: eng/chrysanthemum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chrysanthemum
trans_list: хризанте́ма | хризантема
sense:
Any of many flowering perennial plants, of the genus Chrysanthemum, native to China, that have showy radiate heads.


lexentry: eng/chrysoberyl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chrysoberyl
trans_list: хризобери́лл
sense:
(mineral) A vitreous mineral, often pale green, a mixed oxide of aluminium and beryllium with the chemical formula BeAl2O4, used as a gemstone.


lexentry: eng/chrysotile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chrysotile
trans_list: хризоти́л
sense:
(mineral) A fibrous silicate mineral with the chemical formula Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4; a form of serpentine asbestos.


lexentry: eng/chuchotage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chuchotage
trans_list: нашёптывание
sense:
The interpretation or translation of speech in a whisper to a single person in proximity to other people.


lexentry: eng/chuck__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: chuck
trans_list: держа́тель | патро́н
sense:
(mechanical engineering) A mechanical device that holds an object firmly in place, for example holding a drill bit in a high-speed rotating drill or grinder.


lexentry: eng/chufa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chufa
trans_list: земляно́й минда́ль | чуфа́
sense:
Cyperus esculentus, a species of sedge native to warm temperate to subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere having small edible tubers (tiger nuts).


lexentry: eng/chug__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: chug
trans_list: дёрнуть | намахну́ть | ёбнуть
sense:
(transitive, colloquial) To drink a large amount (especially of beer) in a single action/without breathing; to chugalug. Usually chanted at the person who is drinking.


lexentry: eng/chump__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: chump
trans_list: ло́х
sense:
(colloquial, pejorative) A gullible person; a sucker; someone easily taken advantage of; someone lacking common sense.


lexentry: eng/chunder__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chunder
trans_list: блева́ть
sense:
(Australia, New Zealand, Britain, slang) To throw up, to vomit, particularly from excessive alcohol consumption.


lexentry: eng/chupacabras__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chupacabras
trans_list: чупака́бра
sense:
(cryptozoology) A legendary creature in the folklore of parts of the Americas dating from the 1990s, supposed to attack and drink the blood of livestock, especially goats.


lexentry: eng/church__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: church
trans_list: костёл | це́рковь | ки́рха | це́рква
sense:
(countable, Christianity) A Christian house of worship; a building where Christian religious services take place. [from 9th c.]


lexentry: eng/church__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: church
trans_list: це́рковь | костёл
sense:
(countable) A local group of people who follow the same Christian religious beliefs, local or general. [from 9th c.]


lexentry: eng/church__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: church
trans_list: це́рковь | церковь | костёл
sense:
(uncountable) Organized religion in general or a specific religion considered as a political institution.


lexentry: eng/church_service__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: church service
trans_list: [[церковный|церко́вная]] [[слу́жба]] | богослуже́ние
sense:
A formalized period of communal worship, often but not exclusively occurring on Sunday, or Saturday in the case of those churches practicing Sabbatarianism.


lexentry: eng/churchkhela__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: churchkhela
trans_list: чурчхела
sense:
A traditional sausage-shaped candy originating from Georgia and made from grape must, nuts and flour.


lexentry: eng/churchman__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: churchman
trans_list: священнослужи́тель | церко́вник
sense:
A person (originally a man) of authority in a Christian religious organization (a church). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/churn__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: churn
trans_list: взбить | сбить | взба́лтывать | взбива́ть | взболта́ть | сбива́ть
sense:
(transitive) To agitate rapidly and repetitively, or to stir with a rowing or rocking motion; generally applies to liquids, notably cream.


lexentry: eng/churn__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: churn
trans_list: метаться
sense:
(transitive, figuratively) To produce excessive and sometimes undesirable or unproductive activity or motion.


lexentry: eng/chute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chute
trans_list: жёлоб
sense:
A framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which water passes to a wheel.


lexentry: eng/chutney__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chutney
trans_list: ча́тни | чатни
sense:
A sweet or savory but usually spicy condiment, originally from eastern India, made from a variety of fruits and/or vegetables, often containing significant amounts of fresh green or dried red chili peppers. [from 1813]


lexentry: eng/chutzpah__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: chutzpah
trans_list: де́рзость | на́глость | наха́льство | ха́мство | ху́цпа
sense:
(informal) Nearly arrogant courage; utter audacity, effrontery or impudence; supreme self-confidence; exaggerated self-opinion.


lexentry: eng/cicada__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cicada
trans_list: цика́да
sense:
Any of several insects in the superfamily Cicadoidea, with small eyes wide apart on the head and transparent well-veined wings.


lexentry: eng/cicero__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cicero
trans_list: лекция
sense:
(typography, Continental, _, printing) The Continental equivalent of the English pica: a measure of 12 Didot points (4.51368 mm or about 0.178 in.) or a body of type in this size.


lexentry: eng/cicerone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cicerone
trans_list: гид | проводни́к
sense:
A guide who accompanies visitors and sightseers to museums, galleries, etc., and explains matters of archaeological, antiquarian, historic or artistic interest.


lexentry: eng/cicisbeo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cicisbeo
trans_list: чичисбе́й
sense:
(now, chiefly, historical) A man who escorts a married woman to social functions, especially in 18th-century Italy; a married woman's lover.


lexentry: eng/cider__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cider
trans_list: я́блочный сок | сидр
sense:
(US, Canada) A non-alcoholic still beverage consisting of the juice of early-harvest apples, usually unfiltered and still containing pulp; apple cider; sweet cider (without pulp such a beverage is called apple juice).


lexentry: eng/cigar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cigar
trans_list: сига́ра | сигара
sense:
A cylinder of tobacco rolled and wrapped with an outer covering of tobacco leaves, intended to be smoked.


lexentry: eng/cigarette__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cigarette
trans_list: папиро́са | сига́рка | сигаре́та
sense:
A small cigar consisting of tobacco or another substance, wrapped up in a thin roll with paper, intended for smoking.


lexentry: eng/cilantro__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cilantro
trans_list: кинза́
sense:
(US) The stems and leaves of the coriander plant, Coriandrum sativum, used as a seasoning and garnish in cooking.


lexentry: eng/cilice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cilice
trans_list: власяни́ца | вре́тище
sense:
A garment or undergarment made of coarse cloth or animal hair worn close to the skin used by members of various Christian traditions as a self-imposed means of penance (repentance) and mortification of the flesh.


lexentry: eng/cilium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cilium
trans_list: ресни́чка
sense:
(cytology) A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors.


lexentry: eng/cinefilm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cinefilm
trans_list: киноплёнка
sense:
(countable, uncountable) Any of various obsolete film formats, including 8 mm, 9.5 mm, 16 mm, and Super 8, formerly much used for making home movies to be viewed on a projector.


lexentry: eng/cinematographer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cinematographer
trans_list: кинематографи́ст | кинематографи́стка
sense:
(cinematography) A photographer who oversees the operations of the cameras and lighting when making a film. The cinematographer may also double as the camera operator of the movie camera, though this is usually done by a cameraman. The film director may also double as the cinematographer, though this is usually a different person.


lexentry: eng/cinnabar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cinnabar
trans_list: ки́новарь | киноварь
sense:
A deep red mineral, mercuric sulfide, HgS; the principal ore of mercury; such ore used as the pigment vermilion.


lexentry: eng/cinnamic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cinnamic acid
trans_list: кори́чная кислота́
sense:
(carboxylic acid) The aromatic carboxylic acid C6H5-CH=CH-COOH obtained from cinnamon; it is used in perfumery etc


lexentry: eng/cinnamon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cinnamon
trans_list: [[кори́чник]] [[настоя́щий]] | кори́ца | кори́чное де́рево
sense:
Several related trees, notably the Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) and Chinese cinnamon or cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum or Cinnamomum cassia).


lexentry: eng/cinnamon__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: cinnamon
trans_list: кори́ца | кори́чник | корица
sense:
(mostly, uncountable) A spice from the dried aromatic bark of the cinnamon tree, either rolled into strips or ground into a powder. The word is commonly used as trade name for spices made of any of the species above.


lexentry: eng/cinquedea__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cinquedea
trans_list: чинкведе́а | чинкуэ́да
sense:
A short sword with a heavy blade developed in northeastern Italy during the Renaissance, often richly ornamented.


lexentry: eng/cinéma_vérité__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cinéma vérité
trans_list: синема́ верите́
sense:
(cinema) A style of cinema that appears to be realistic, showing ordinary people in ordinary situations speaking and acting naturally.


lexentry: eng/cipher__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: cipher
trans_list: шифр
sense:
(cryptography) A cryptographic system using an algorithm that converts letters or sequences of bits into ciphertext.


lexentry: eng/circadian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: circadian
trans_list: циркадный | циркадианный
sense:
(biology) Of, relating to, or showing rhythmic behaviour with a period of 24 hours; especially of a biological process.


lexentry: eng/circadian_rhythm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: circadian rhythm
trans_list: циркадный ритм
sense:
(biology, sleep medicine) The internal body clock that regulates the roughly 24-hour cycle of biological processes in animals and plants.


lexentry: eng/circle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: circle
trans_list: круг | окру́жность | окружность
sense:
(geometry) A two-dimensional geometric figure, a line, consisting of the set of all those points in a plane that are equally distant from a given point (center).


lexentry: eng/circle__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: circle
trans_list: круг | окру́жность | окружность
sense:
A two-dimensional geometric figure, a disk, consisting of the set of all those points of a plane at a distance less than or equal to a fixed distance (radius) from a given point.


lexentry: eng/circle__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: circle
trans_list: круг | окружность
sense:
(astronomy) An instrument of observation, whose graduated limb consists of an entire circle. When fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is called a mural circle; when mounted with a telescope on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a meridian or transit circle; when involving the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a reflecting circle; and when that of repeating an angle several times continuously along the graduated limb, a repeating circle.


lexentry: eng/circuit_breaker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: circuit breaker
trans_list: [[автомати́ческий]] [[выключа́тель]]
sense:
(electricity) An electrical switch capable of opening and closing an electrical circuit in all operating conditions, including fault situations.


lexentry: eng/circular_segment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: circular segment
trans_list: сегме́нт
sense:
(geometry) A region of a circle bounded by an arc and the chord connecting the endpoints of the arc.


lexentry: eng/circulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: circulation
trans_list: кругово́е движе́ние | круговоро́т | циркуля́ция
sense:
The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings the moving body to the place where its motion began.


lexentry: eng/circulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: circulation
trans_list: кровообраще́ние
sense:
(narrowly) The movement of the blood in the circulatory system, by which it is brought into close relations with the cells and tissues of the body; (loosely) the circulatory system.


lexentry: eng/circulatory_system__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: circulatory system
trans_list: сердечно-сосудистая систе́ма
sense:
(physiology) The parts of an animal body comprising the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood, which circulate the blood around the body. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/circumbinary__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: circumbinary
trans_list: циркумбина́рный
sense:
(astronomy) Having an orbit around both stars in a binary star system, or relating to such an orbit.


lexentry: eng/circumcircle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: circumcircle
trans_list: опи́санная окру́жность | опи́санный круг
sense:
(geometry) A circle that passes through every vertex of a given triangle (or other polygon where possible).


lexentry: eng/circumcise__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: circumcise
trans_list: обре́зать | обреза́ть | соверша́ть обреза́ние | соверши́ть обреза́ние
sense:
(military, nautical, slang) To trim off the portion of the barrel liner of a large-caliber naval gun that protrudes from the end of the barrel as a result of the liner slowly stretching from prolonged fire.


lexentry: eng/circumfix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: circumfix
trans_list: циркумфи́кс
sense:
(grammar) An affix containing both a prefixing and a suffixing element existing as a single morphological unit.


lexentry: eng/circumflex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: circumflex
trans_list: циркумфле́кс
sense:
A diacritical mark (ˆ) placed over a vowel in the orthography or transliteration of many languages to change its pronunciation; while in some other languages over a consonant.


lexentry: eng/circumlocution__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: circumlocution
trans_list: перифраз
sense:
(countable) An instance of such usage; a roundabout expression, whether an inadvisable one or a necessary one.


lexentry: eng/circumscribe__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: circumscribe
trans_list: опи́сывать | описа́ть | оче́рчивать | очерти́ть
sense:
(geometry) To draw the smallest circle or higher-dimensional sphere that has (a polyhedron, polygon, etc.) in its interior.


lexentry: eng/circus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: circus
trans_list: цирк
sense:
A traveling company of performers that may include acrobats, clowns, trained animals, and other novelty acts, that gives shows usually in a circular tent. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/cirl_bunting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cirl bunting
trans_list: огоро́дная овся́нка
sense:
A small Old World passerine bird, Emberiza cirlus, of the bunting family (Emberizidae), very similar to the yellowhammer.


lexentry: eng/cirque__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cirque
trans_list: кар | цирк
sense:
(geology) A curved depression or natural amphitheatre, especially one in a mountainside at the end of a valley.


lexentry: eng/cirrhosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cirrhosis
trans_list: цирро́з | цирроз
sense:
(pathology) A chronic disease of the liver caused by damage from toxins (including alcohol), metabolic problems, hepatitis, or nutritional deprivation, characterised by an increase in fibrous tissue and the destruction of liver cells.


lexentry: eng/cirrocumulus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cirrocumulus
trans_list: перисто-кучева́я | перисто-кучевая
sense:
(physics, meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type appearing as a thin, white patch of cloud without shadows, composed of very small droplets in the form of grains or ripples. The elements may be merged or separate, and more or less regularly arranged; they subtend an angle of less than 1° when observed at an angle of more than 30° above the horizon. Holes or rifts often occur in a sheet of cirrocumulus. Abbreviated Cc.


lexentry: eng/cirrostratus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cirrostratus
trans_list: перисто-слои́стая
sense:
(meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type appearing as a whitish veil, usually fibrous but sometimes smooth, which may totally cover the sky and which often produces halo phenomena. Abbreviated Cs


lexentry: eng/cirrus__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: cirrus
trans_list: пе́ристая
sense:
(meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type characterised by white, delicate filaments or wisps, of white (or mostly white) patches, or of narrow bands, found at an altitude of above 7000 metres.


lexentry: eng/cis-__Prefix__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cis-
trans_list: цис-
sense:
(physical chemistry) Forming names of chemical compounds in which two atoms or groups are situated on the same side of some plane of symmetry passing through the compound.


lexentry: eng/cis__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: cis
trans_list: цис-
sense:
(physical chemistry) In (or constituting, forming, or describing) a double bond in which the greater radical on both ends is on the same side of the bond.


lexentry: eng/cis__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: cis
trans_list: цис-
sense:
(physical chemistry) In (or constituting, forming, or describing) a coordination compound in which the two instances of a particular ligand are adjacent to each other.


lexentry: eng/cisco__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cisco
trans_list: сиг
sense:
Any North American freshwater fish of certain species of the genus Coregonus that live in cold-water lakes.


lexentry: eng/cisgender__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cisgender
trans_list: цисге́ндерный | циссексуа́льный
sense:
Having a gender identity which matches the sex one was assigned at birth; or, pertaining to such people.


lexentry: eng/ciss__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ciss
trans_list: сверну́ться | свора́чиваться
sense:
(of paint, varnish, or oil) To retract (from a uniform film applied to a damp, oily or nonabsorbent surface) and clump up into small droplets, or form craters.


lexentry: eng/citation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: citation
trans_list: цити́рование
sense:
The act of citing a passage from a text, or from another person, using the exact words of the original text or speech and giving credit to the original by referencing.


lexentry: eng/citation_needed__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: citation needed
trans_list: нет источника
sense:
(originally, Internet slang, chiefly, humorous) Used to designate an assertion or other statement as false, inaccurate, or requiring verification.


lexentry: eng/citicoline__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: citicoline
trans_list: цитиколи́н
sense:
A psychostimulant and nootropic, an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline.


lexentry: eng/citizen__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: citizen
trans_list: граждани́н | гражда́нка | по́дданная | по́дданный
sense:
A legally-recognized member of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/citizen__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: citizen
sense:
(Christianity) A resident of the heavenly city or (later) of the kingdom of God: a Christian; a good Christian. [from 15th c.]

trans_list:
[[гражда́нский]] [[челове́к]] | [[гражданский|гражда́нское]] [[лицо́]] | [[ми́рный]] [[жи́тель]] | [[мирный|ми́рная]] [[жи́тельница]] | горожа́нин | горожа́нка


lexentry: eng/citizen__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: citizen
trans_list: гражда́нка | граждани́н
sense:
A civilian, as opposed to a police officer, soldier, or member of some other specialized (usually state) group. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/citizen__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: citizen
trans_list: гражда́нка | граждани́н
sense:
(obsolete) An ordinary person, as opposed to nobles and landed gentry on one side and peasants, craftsmen, and laborers on the other. [17th–19th c.]


lexentry: eng/citizen_journalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: citizen journalism
trans_list: гражданская журнали́стика
sense:
(media) Independent reporting, often by amateurs on the scene of an event, and disseminated via new media.


lexentry: eng/citizen_of_the_world__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: citizen of the world
trans_list: граждани́н ми́ра
sense:
A person regarded as part of the global citizenry; specifically, one who takes the view that they belong to no particular country or state.


lexentry: eng/citric_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: citric acid
trans_list: лимо́нная кислота́ | лимонная кислота
sense:
(carboxylic acid) A colourless crystalline compound, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, C6H8O7, found in citrus fruit; it is used as a food additive and in the manufacture of citrates.


lexentry: eng/citrus_greening__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: citrus greening
trans_list: позелене́ние плодо́в
sense:
A plant disease afflicting citrus trees, caused by the bacterium Liberibacter asiaticus and carried by a psyllid vector.


lexentry: eng/cittern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cittern
trans_list: ци́стра
sense:
A stringed instrument (chordophone), played with a plectrum (a pick), and most commonly possessing four wire strings and chromatic frets, which is a precursor to the modern day guitar.


lexentry: eng/city__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: city
trans_list: го́род | град | город
sense:
(UK) A settlement granted special status by royal charter or letters patent; traditionally, a settlement with a cathedral regardless of size.


lexentry: eng/city_council__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: city council
trans_list: городско́й сове́т | горсове́т | муниципа́льный сове́т
sense:
A governing body of people elected to oversee management of a city and represent the interests of residents.


lexentry: eng/civet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: civet
trans_list: виве́рра | циве́тта
sense:
(countable) A carnivorous catlike animal, Civettictis civetta, that produces a musky secretion. It is two to three feet (30–90 cm) long, with black bands and spots on the body and tail.


lexentry: eng/civil__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: civil
trans_list: гражда́нский | циви́льный | шта́тский
sense:
(uncomparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.


lexentry: eng/civil_code__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: civil code
trans_list: ГК | гражда́нский ко́декс
sense:
(legal) A systematic collection of laws addressing dealings between private parties, such as business contracts and negligence lawsuits.


lexentry: eng/civil_disobedience__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: civil disobedience
trans_list: гражда́нское неповинове́ние
sense:
A form of social protest, involving the active but non-violent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of an established authority, because they are considered to be morally wrong or detrimental.


lexentry: eng/civil_engineering__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: civil engineering
trans_list: гражда́нское строи́тельство | строи́тельная инжене́рия
sense:
The technical design and construction of public works such as bridges, buildings, harbours, public greens, roads, etc., and/or technically equivalent private (usually corporate) ones.


lexentry: eng/civil_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: civil law
trans_list: гражда́нское пра́во | рома́но-герма́нское пра́во
sense:
(law) The body of law dealing with the private relations between members of a community; it contrasts with criminal law, military law and ecclesiastical law.


lexentry: eng/civil_registry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: civil registry
trans_list: ЗАГС | загс
sense:
A government repository, database recording the vital events (births, deaths, etc.) of its citizens and residents, its office.


lexentry: eng/civil_rights__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: civil rights
trans_list: гражда́нские права́
sense:
(US) Those rights which are guaranteed protection by the US Constitution and are considered to be unquestionable, deserved by all people under all circumstances, especially without regard to race, creed, religion, sexual orientation, gender, and disability.


lexentry: eng/civil_service__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: civil service
trans_list: государственная служба
sense:
In parliamentary forms of government, the branches of government that are not military, legislative, or judicial, but work to apply its laws and regulations.


lexentry: eng/civil_society__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: civil society
trans_list: гражда́нское о́бщество | гражданское общество
sense:
All of the institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies that are less than the state but greater than the family. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/civil_union__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: civil union
trans_list: гражда́нский брак | гражданское партнёрство
sense:
A legal union similar to marriage, established to allow same-sex couples (and, in some jurisdictions, opposite-sex couples) rights similar to those married couples have.


lexentry: eng/civil_war__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: civil war
trans_list: гражда́нская война́ | гражданская война
sense:
A war fought between factions of the inhabitants of a single country, or a similar political entity.


lexentry: eng/civilian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: civilian
sense:
A person following the pursuits of civil life, especially one who is not an active member of the armed forces.

trans_list:
гражда́нский | шта́тский | [[гражда́нский]] [[челове́к]] | [[гражданский|гражда́нское]] [[лицо́]] | [[ми́рный]] [[жи́тель]] | [[мирный|ми́рная]] [[жи́тельница]]


lexentry: eng/civilian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: civilian
sense:
(informal) A person who does not belong to a particular group or engage in a particular activity, an outsider.

trans_list:
гражда́нский | шта́тский | [[гражда́нский]] [[челове́к]] | [[гражданский|гражда́нское]] [[лицо́]] | [[ми́рный]] [[жи́тель]] | [[мирный|ми́рная]] [[жи́тельница]]


lexentry: eng/civilization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: civilization
trans_list: культу́ра | цивилиза́ция
sense:
An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development.


lexentry: eng/civilization__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: civilization
trans_list: цивилиза́ция
sense:
(inherently emic, sometimes, capitalized) Collectively, those people and places of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. (Compare refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World.


lexentry: eng/clack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clack
trans_list: треск
sense:
An abrupt, sharp sound, especially one made by two hard objects colliding repetitively; a sound midway between a click and a clunk.


lexentry: eng/clad__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clad
trans_list: оде́тый
sense:
(of a person, preceded by a garment type) Wearing clothing or some other covering (for example, an armour) on the body; clothed, dressed.


lexentry: eng/clad__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: clad
trans_list: облицованный | оде́тый | покрытый
sense:
(of an object, often in compounds) Covered, enveloped in, or surrounded by a cladding, or a specified material or substance.


lexentry: eng/cladding__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: cladding
trans_list: обши́вка
sense:
(construction) A weatherproof, insulating or decorative covering fixed to the outside of a building.


lexentry: eng/claim__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: claim
trans_list: заявле́ние | объявле́ние | утвержде́ние
sense:
A new statement of something one believes to be the truth, usually when the statement has yet to be verified or without valid evidence provided.


lexentry: eng/claim__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
sense: To demand ownership or right to use for land.
written_rep: claim
trans_list:
[[заявля́ть]] [[претензия|прете́нзии]] | [[заявля́ть]] о [[право|права́х]] | [[заявля́ть]] о [[право|права́х]] (на) | [[объявля́ть]] [[претензия|прете́нзии]] | [[предъявля́ть]] [[претензия|прете́нзии]] | [[претендова́ть]] (на)


lexentry: eng/claim__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
sense: (intransitive) To be entitled to anything; to deduce a right or title; to have a claim.
written_rep: claim
trans_list:
[[заявля́ть]] [[претензия|прете́нзии]] | [[заявля́ть]] о [[право|права́х]] | [[объявля́ть]] [[претензия|прете́нзии]] | [[предъявля́ть]] [[претензия|прете́нзии]] | [[тре́бовать]] [[выплата|вы́платы]] | [[тре́бовать]] [[компенсация|компенса́ции]]


lexentry: eng/clairvoyance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clairvoyance
trans_list: яснови́дение
sense:
(parapsychology) The power to see or perceive things objects or events beyond the natural range of the senses, such as the past or the future.


lexentry: eng/clam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clam
trans_list: [[двуство́рчатый]] [[моллю́ск]] | моллю́ск
sense:
A bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are edible; for example soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria), hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), sea clams or hen clam (Spisula solidissima), and other species, possibly originally applied to clams of species Tridacna gigas, a huge East Indian bivalve.


lexentry: eng/clamp__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: clamp
trans_list: зажи́м | кле́мма | скоба́ | струбци́на | хому́т
sense:
A pile of materials to be heated in a controlled way, stacked or heaped together with fuel so that the fire permeates the pile; the material of interest may be bricks to be fired, ore for roasting, coal for coking, or wood to be charcoalized.


lexentry: eng/clamp__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: clamp
trans_list: бурт | кага́т
sense:
(agriculture) A compact pile of agricultural produce (such as root vegetables or silage) used for temporary storage (often covered with straw, earth, or both).


lexentry: eng/clamp_down_on__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clamp down on
trans_list: покончить
sense:
(transitive, idiomatic) To take measures to stop (something); to put an end to (something); to exert tighter control of (something); to treat (someone or something) more harshly.


lexentry: eng/clan__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: clan
trans_list: клан | род
sense:
A traditional social group of families in the Scottish Highlands having a common hereditary chieftain


lexentry: eng/clanger__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: clanger
trans_list: квак
sense:
(chiefly, UK, Commonwealth, Ireland, informal, often in the phrase drop a clanger) A very noticeable mistake; an attention-getting faux pas.


lexentry: eng/clap__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: clap
trans_list: хлопок
sense:
Any loud, sudden, explosive sound made by striking hard surfaces together, or resembling such a sound.


lexentry: eng/clapboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clapboard
trans_list: гонт
sense:
A narrow board, usually thicker at one edge than the other, used as siding for houses and similar structures of frame construction.


lexentry: eng/clapper__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: clapper
trans_list: [[язы́к]] ([[колокол|ко́локола]]) | язык
sense:
An object so suspended inside a bell that it may hit the bell and cause it to ring; a clanger or tongue.


lexentry: eng/clapper__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: clapper
trans_list: трещо́тка
sense:
A wooden mechanical device used as a scarecrow; bird-scaring rattle, a wind-rattle or a wind-clapper.


lexentry: eng/clapperboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clapperboard
trans_list: хлопу́шка
sense:
(film) A device used in film production, having hinged boards that are brought together with a clap, used at the start of each take of a motion picture or other video production to be able to synchronize picture and sound during editing.


lexentry: eng/claret__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: claret
trans_list: бордо́ | кларе́т
sense:
(chiefly, UK) A dry red wine produced in the Bordeaux region of France, or a similar wine made elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/clarification__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clarification
trans_list: объясне́ние | поясне́ние | проясне́ние | разъясне́ние
sense:
The act of clarifying; the act or process of making clear or transparent by freeing visible impurities; particularly, the clearing or fining of liquid substances from impurities via the separation of the insoluble particles which prevent the liquid from being transparent.


lexentry: eng/clarify__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clarify
trans_list: очища́ть | проясни́ться | чи́стить
sense:
(ergative, of liquids, such as wine or syrup) To make or become clear or bright by freeing from impurities or turbidity.


lexentry: eng/clarinet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clarinet
trans_list: кларне́т | кларнет
sense:
(woodwind instrument) A woodwind musical instrument that has a distinctive liquid tone whose characteristics vary among its three registers: chalumeau (low), clarion (medium), and altissimo (high).


lexentry: eng/clarion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clarion
trans_list: горн | кларион | рожо́к
sense:
(brass instrument, historical, or, poetic) A medieval brass instrument chiefly used as a battle signal; related to the trumpet, it had a narrow, straight pipe and a high-pitched, piercing sound.


lexentry: eng/clash__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: clash
trans_list: конфликтова́ть | ста́лкиваться | столкну́ться
sense:
(intransitive, of clothes, decor, colours) To fail to look good together; to contrast unattractively; to fail to harmonize.


lexentry: eng/class__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: class
trans_list: класс
sense:
(sociology, countable) A social grouping, based on job, wealth, etc. In Britain, society is commonly split into three main classes: upper class, middle class and working class.


lexentry: eng/class__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: class
trans_list: класс | гру́ппа
sense:
(education, countable, and, uncountable) A group of students in a regularly scheduled meeting with a teacher.


lexentry: eng/class__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: class
trans_list: класс | курс
sense:
(countable) A group of students who commenced or completed their education during a particular year. A school class.


lexentry: eng/class__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: class
trans_list: класс
sense:
(taxonomy, countable) A rank in the classification of organisms, below phylum and above order; a taxon of that rank.


lexentry: eng/class__Noun__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: class
trans_list: класс
sense:
(set theory) A collection of sets definable by a shared property, especially one which is not itself a set (in which case the class is called proper).


lexentry: eng/class__Noun__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: class
trans_list: класс
sense:
(object-oriented, countable) A set of objects having the same behavior (but typically differing in state), or a template defining such a set in terms of its common properties, functions, etc.


lexentry: eng/class_action__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: class action
trans_list: группово́й иск | коллекти́вный иск
sense:
(law, chiefly, US, Canada) A lawsuit brought by a single plaintiff or small group of plaintiffs as a representative of a large group of others having a common interest, with everyone in the large group eligible to receive damages if the plaintiff is successful.


lexentry: eng/class_consciousness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: class consciousness
trans_list: кла́ссовое созна́ние
sense:
(Marxism, social sciences) An individual's awareness of their relative place within the class system of society.


lexentry: eng/class_struggle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: class struggle
trans_list: кла́ссовая борьба́
sense:
Conflict between social or economic classes (especially between the capitalist and proletariat classes); the active expression of a theoretical class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective.


lexentry: eng/classical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: classical
trans_list: класси́ческий
sense:
(informal, music) Describing art music (rather than pop, jazz, blues, etc), especially when played using instruments of the orchestra.


lexentry: eng/classical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: classical
trans_list: класси́ческий
sense:
Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and Romans, especially to Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of the period when their best literature was produced; of or pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and Romans, or rendered famous by their deeds.


lexentry: eng/classical_antiquity__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: classical antiquity
trans_list: античность
sense:
(history) The era of the height of Greco-Roman civilization in southern Europe, roughly comprising the 6th century BC to the 5th century (AD), although sometimes distinguished from Late Antiquity


lexentry: eng/classical_conditioning__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: classical conditioning
trans_list: условный рефлекс
sense:
(psychology) A learning process in which a previously neutral stimulus (such as a bell) is paired with a potent stimulus (such as food in the case of a dog), so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response (salivation) similar to the one elicited by the potent stimulus.


lexentry: eng/classical_guitar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: classical guitar
trans_list: класси́ческая гита́ра
sense:
A type of flat-tabled guitar of Spanish origin used primarily for Western classical music, flamenco, and Latin American music, with six nylon (formerly gut) strings, usually played with the fingers rather than with a plectrum.


lexentry: eng/classical_mechanics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: classical mechanics
trans_list: класси́ческая меха́ника
sense:
(physics) All of the physical laws of nature that account for the behaviour of the normal world, but break down when dealing with the very small (see quantum mechanics) or the very fast or very heavy (see relativity).


lexentry: eng/classical_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: classical music
trans_list: кла́ссика | класси́ческая му́зыка
sense:
(music genre) Music of the classical period; the music of Mozart, Haydn, etc; the musical period before the romantic.


lexentry: eng/classicism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: classicism
trans_list: классици́зм | классицизм
sense:
(uncountable) All the classical traditions of the art and architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, especially the aspects of simplicity, elegance and proportion.


lexentry: eng/classification__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: classification
trans_list: классифика́ция | классифици́рование
sense:
The act of forming into a class or classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or attributes.


lexentry: eng/classified_advertisement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: classified advertisement
trans_list: мелкое объявление
sense:
Any of a list of newspaper or website advertisements included with others under a heading describing the category of product or service offered or sought.


lexentry: eng/classism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: classism
trans_list: классизм
sense:
Discrimination or prejudice that is based on social class, especially against those of lower social class.


lexentry: eng/clathrate_compound__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clathrate compound
trans_list: клатра́т
sense:
(chemistry) a substance consisting of molecules of one element or compound contained within the cage-like structure of another


lexentry: eng/clause__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: clause
trans_list: предложе́ние
sense:
(grammar) A verb along with its subject and their modifiers. If a clause provides a complete thought on its own, then it is an independent (superordinate) clause; otherwise, it is (subordinate) dependent.


lexentry: eng/claustrum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: claustrum
trans_list: огра́да
sense:
(neuroanatomy) A thin, irregular sheet of grey matter underneath the inner part of the neocortex on both sides of the brains of mammals; its exact function is not understood, but it is believed to facilitate coordination between senses


lexentry: eng/clavichord__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clavichord
trans_list: клавико́рд
sense:
(musical instruments) An early keyboard instrument producing a soft sound by means of metal blades (called tangents) attached to the inner ends of the keys gently striking the strings.


lexentry: eng/clavicle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clavicle
trans_list: ключи́ца
sense:
(skeleton) The collarbone; the prominent bone at the top of the chest between the shoulder and the neck connecting the shoulder and the breastbone.


lexentry: eng/claw__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: claw
trans_list: клешня́
sense:
(botany) A slender appendage or process, formed like a claw, such as the base of petals of the pink.


lexentry: eng/clawed_frog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clawed frog
trans_list: шпо́рцевая лягу́шка
sense:
Any of a group of aquatic carnivorous frogs in the genus Xenopus, which are very small and have small claws.


lexentry: eng/clay__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clay
trans_list: гли́на | глина
sense:
A mineral substance made up of small crystals of silica and alumina, that is ductile when moist; the material of pre-fired ceramics.


lexentry: eng/clean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: clean
trans_list: чи́стый
sense:
(of criminal, driving, etc. records) Without restrictions or penalties, or someone having such a record.


lexentry: eng/clean_and_jerk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clean and jerk
trans_list: толчо́к
sense:
(weightlifting) The act of lifting the barbell from the floor to a resting position across the front of the shoulders (the clean phase), pausing, and thrusting the barbell over the head to a stationary position in one movement (the jerk phase). The normal technique for both parts of this act involves propelling the barbell upwards, quickly lowering the torso, and then straightening the legs.


lexentry: eng/clean_someone's_clock__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clean someone's clock
trans_list: разде́лать под оре́х | разма́зать по сте́нке
sense:
(idiomatic, informal) To defeat someone decisively, in a physical fight or other competition or negotiation.


lexentry: eng/cleaner__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: cleaner
trans_list: очисти́тель
sense:
A substance used for cleaning; especially, one retailed for that purpose and meant for use on things other than one's own body.


lexentry: eng/cleaner_fish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cleaner fish
trans_list: ры́ба-чи́стильщик
sense:
(zoology) Any of many unrelated fishes that provide a service to other fish species by removing dead skin and parasites.


lexentry: eng/cleanroom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cleanroom
trans_list: чистые помещения
sense:
A room or environment that is controlled in such a way as to minimize airborne particulate matter, typically for the purpose of fabricating sensitive electronic or other devices.


lexentry: eng/cleanskin__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: cleanskin
trans_list: чи́стый
sense:
Someone with no prior criminal record, a person with no previous convictions; loosely, someone who has not done anything wrong before, an unblemished character.


lexentry: eng/clear__Verb__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: clear
trans_list: пройти́ | проходи́ть
sense:
(intransitive) Of a check or financial transaction, to go through as payment; to be processed so that the money is transferred.


lexentry: eng/clear_one's_throat__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clear one's throat
trans_list: прочищать горло
sense:
Forcibly, sometimes mutedly, expelling air from one's lungs, sometimes to clear mucus, sometimes to attract attention to something; less vigorous than coughing.


lexentry: eng/clearance__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: clearance
trans_list: ликвида́ция | распрода́жа
sense:
(retail) A sale of merchandise, especially at significantly reduced prices, usually in order to make room for new merchandise or updated versions of the same merchandise; sometimes as a closeout.


lexentry: eng/clearance__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: clearance
trans_list: кли́ренс | кли́ринг
sense:
(banking, finance) The settlement of transactions involving securities or means of payment such as checks by means of a clearing house.


lexentry: eng/clearing__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: clearing
trans_list: кли́ринг
sense:
(banking, finance) A process of exchanging transaction information and authorisation through a central institution or system to complete and settle those transactions.


lexentry: eng/clearness__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: clearness
trans_list: свет
sense:
The state of being free from obscurities or opacity; distinctness of light, colour etc. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/cleat__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: cleat
trans_list: крепительная у́тка | у́тка
sense:
(nautical) A device to quickly affix a line or rope, and from which it is also easy to release. Nautical cleat


lexentry: eng/cleavage__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cleavage
trans_list: [[ме́жду]] [[грудь|груде́й]] | ложби́нка
sense:
The hollow or separation between a woman's breasts, especially as revealed by a low neckline. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/clef__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clef
trans_list: ключ
sense:
(music) A symbol found on a musical staff that indicates the pitches represented by the lines and the spaces on the staff [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/cleft_chin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cleft chin
trans_list: раздво́енный подборо́док
sense:
An anatomical genetic trait in which a fissure in the lower jaw causes a visible dimple in the center of the chin.


lexentry: eng/cleft_palate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cleft palate
trans_list: во́лчья пасть
sense:
(teratology) An abnormal condition in which the two plates of the skull that form the hard palate (roof of the mouth) are not completely joined.


lexentry: eng/clematis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clematis
trans_list: клема́тис | ломоно́с | борода́вник
sense:
(botany) Any plant of the genus Clematis, vigorous climbing lianas found throughout the temperate zones.


lexentry: eng/clemency__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: clemency
trans_list: поми́лование
sense:
(legal) A pardon, commutation, or similar reduction, removal, or postponement of legal penalties by an executive officer of a state.


lexentry: eng/clementine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clementine
trans_list: Клементина
sense:
A type of small, sweet-tasting orange, the result of a hybrid cross between the willowleaf variety of mandarin orange (C. × deliciosa) and a sweet orange (C. × sinensis).


lexentry: eng/clerk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clerk
trans_list: клерк | слу́жащая | слу́жащий | чино́вник | чино́вница
sense:
One who occupationally provides assistance by working with records, accounts, letters, etc.; an office worker.


lexentry: eng/clever_clogs__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clever clogs
trans_list: всезнайка
sense:
(slang, UK, and, Ireland) Somebody who is rather too clever; a smart aleck; sometimes used as an epithet.


lexentry: eng/clever_dick__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clever dick
trans_list: всезнайка
sense:
(informal, chiefly, British) A person who annoyingly tries too hard to impress with their cleverness.


lexentry: eng/clevis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clevis
trans_list: такела́жная ско́ба
sense:
A U-shaped coupling having holes at each end, through which a bolt is run; used especially to fit attachments to a tractor or other vehicle as it allows a degree of rotation about the bolt.


lexentry: eng/clew__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: clew
trans_list: [[шко́товый]] [[у́гол]] [[парус|па́руса]]
sense:
(nautical) The lower corner(s) of a sail to which a sheet is attached for trimming the sail (adjusting its position relative to the wind); the metal loop or cringle in the corner of the sail, to which the sheet is attached. (on a triangular sail) The trailing corner relative to the wind direction.


lexentry: eng/cliché__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cliché
trans_list: клише́ | штамп
sense:
Something, most often a phrase or expression, that is overused or used outside its original context, so that its original impact and meaning are lost. A trite saying; a platitude. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/click__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: click
trans_list: щелчо́к | щёлканье
sense:
A brief, sharp, not particularly loud, relatively high-pitched sound produced by the impact of something small and hard against something hard, such as by the operation of a switch, a lock, or a latch.


lexentry: eng/click__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: click
trans_list: щёлкающий звук
sense:
(phonetics) An ingressive sound made by coarticulating a velar or uvular closure with another closure.


lexentry: eng/click__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: click
trans_list: клик | щелчо́к
sense:
(GUI) The act of pressing a button on a computer mouse or similar input device, both as a physical act and a reaction in the software.


lexentry: eng/click__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: click
trans_list: щёлкать | кли́кать | кли́кнуть | щёлкнуть
sense:
(transitive, GUI) To select a software item using, usually, but not always, the pressing of a mouse button.


lexentry: eng/click_beetle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: click beetle
trans_list: щелку́н
sense:
Any of various beetles of the family Elateridae, generally less than 20 mm long, which, if turned upside down, flip themselves into the air with a clicking sound.


lexentry: eng/clickbait__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clickbait
trans_list: кликбейт
sense:
(Internet, _, marketing, pejorative) Website content that is aimed at generating advertising revenue, especially at the expense of quality or accuracy, relying on sensationalist headlines to attract click-throughs; such headlines.


lexentry: eng/client__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: client
trans_list: клие́нт | клиент
sense:
(computing) The role of a computer application or system that requests and/or consumes the services provided by another having the role of server.


lexentry: eng/clientele__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clientele
trans_list: клиенту́ра | клиентура
sense:
The body or class of people who frequent an establishment or purchase a service, especially when considered as forming a more-or-less homogeneous group of clients in terms of values or habits.


lexentry: eng/climacteric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: climacteric
trans_list: климактери́ческий
sense:
(medicine) Relating to a period of physiological change during middle age; especially, menopausal. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/climate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: climate
trans_list: кли́мат | климат
sense:
The long-term manifestations of weather and other atmospheric conditions in a given area or country, now usually represented by the statistical summary of its weather conditions during a period long enough to ensure that representative values are obtained (generally 30 years).


lexentry: eng/climate_catastrophe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: climate catastrophe
trans_list: климатическая катастрофа
sense:
The severe negative effects of climate change on both the natural world and humanity as a result of extreme weather events, sea level rise, biodiversity loss, etc.


lexentry: eng/climate_change__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: climate change
trans_list: измене́ние кли́мата | изменение климата
sense:
Rapid, large-scale, and long-term change in the Earth's climatic system produced by global warming; anthropogenic climate change.


lexentry: eng/climate_strike__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: climate strike
trans_list: климати́ческая забасто́вка
sense:
A protest in which people absent themselves from professional or educational activities in order to join demonstrations calling for action to counter climate change.


lexentry: eng/climb__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: climb
trans_list: взбира́ться | взобра́ться | вскара́бкаться | зале́зть | кара́бкаться | ла́зить
sense:
(transitive) To move (especially up and down something) by gripping with the hands and using the feet.


lexentry: eng/climbing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: climbing
trans_list: лазание
sense:
(uncountable) The sport of climbing, ascending a wall or a rock or another object using available holds, generally with the safety of a rope and belayer.


lexentry: eng/clinch__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: clinch
trans_list: клинч
sense:
(wrestling, combat sports) The act of one or both fighters holding onto the other to prevent being hit or engage in standup grappling.


lexentry: eng/cling_film__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cling film
trans_list: пищевой | плёнка
sense:
(British) A plastic film (originally polyvinylidene chloride but now polyethylene) that is so light and thin that it clings to any object about which it is wrapped; used to cover and preserve foodstuffs etc.


lexentry: eng/clingfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clingfish
trans_list: прилипа́ла
sense:
A small marine fish of the family Gobiesocidae which has a sucking disc on its underside that it uses to cling to rocks and seaweed.


lexentry: eng/clingy__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: clingy
trans_list: навя́зчивый | назо́йливый | привя́зчивый
sense:
(informal, usually, derogatory) Pathetically attached to, or possessive of someone, usually a significant other.


lexentry: eng/clinic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clinic
trans_list: кли́ника | амбулато́рия | лече́бница | поликли́ника
sense:
A medical facility, such as a hospital, especially one for the treatment and diagnosis of outpatients.


lexentry: eng/clinical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: clinical
trans_list: бесстра́стный
sense:
Cool and emotionless, in a professional way, as contrasted with an impetuous#Adjective or unprofessional#Adjective way.


lexentry: eng/clinical_death__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clinical death
trans_list: клини́ческая смерть
sense:
(medicine, legal) A state in which usual medically observable vital signs—such as respiration, heartbeat, and corneal reflex—are not present, but from which patients are sometimes revived.


lexentry: eng/clinical_psychology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clinical psychology
trans_list: клиническая психоло́гия
sense:
(psychology) A branch of psychology with the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development.


lexentry: eng/clinical_trial__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clinical trial
trans_list: клини́ческое испыта́ние | клини́ческое иссле́дование
sense:
(medicine) A test of a medication or other medical treatment (such as a medical device), usually a comparison against a placebo, other medications or devices, or the standard medical treatment for a patient's condition.


lexentry: eng/clinician__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: clinician
trans_list: клиници́ст | клиници́стка
sense:
(chiefly, US) Someone who conducts a clinic; an expert or skilled practitioner in a particular field, such as business or education. In this sense, a clinician is someone who provides practical advice or hands-on assistance to others in a specific area of expertise. For example, a business clinician might be an experienced consultant who helps companies improve their operations, while an education clinician might be a skilled teacher who provides professional development and support to other educators.


lexentry: eng/clink__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clink
trans_list: бренча́ть | бря́цать | дребезжа́ть | звене́ть | звуча́ть | звя́кать
sense:
(ambitransitive) To make a clinking sound; to make a sound of metal on metal or glass on glass; to strike materials such as metal or glass against one another.


lexentry: eng/clinker__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: clinker
trans_list: шлак
sense:
Slag or ash produced by intense heat in a furnace, kiln or boiler that forms a hard residue upon cooling. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/clipboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: clipboard
trans_list: бу́фер обме́на | карма́н | клипборд | планше́т с зажи́мом
sense:
(computing) A buffer in memory where the user can store data temporarily while transferring it from one place within an application to another or between applications.


lexentry: eng/clipper__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: clipper
trans_list: кли́пер
sense:
(nautical) Any of several forms of very fast sailing ships having a long, low hull and a sharply raked stem.


lexentry: eng/clitic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clitic
trans_list: кли́тика
sense:
(linguistics) A morpheme that functions like a word, but never appears as an independent word, instead being always attached to a following or preceding word (or, in some cases, within a surrounding word).


lexentry: eng/clitoral_hood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clitoral hood
trans_list: клитора́льный капюшо́н
sense:
A fold of skin that surrounds and protects the clitoris, homologous with the male foreskin; the female prepuce.


lexentry: eng/clitoris__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clitoris
trans_list: кли́тор | похотни́к | клитор
sense:
(anatomy) A sensitive elongated erectile sex organ at the anterior part of the vulva in female humans and other mammals. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/cloaca__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cloaca
trans_list: клоа́ка
sense:
(anatomy, zoology) The opening in reptiles, amphibians and birds, as well as elasmobranchians, lobe-finned fishes and monotreme mammals, which serves as the common outlet for the urogenital ducts and rectum.


lexentry: eng/clobber__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: clobber
trans_list: перезаписывать
sense:
(transitive, computing, slang) To overwrite (data) or override (an assignment of a value), often unintentionally or unexpectedly.


lexentry: eng/clock__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: clock
trans_list: часы
sense:
(electronics) An electrical signal that synchronizes timing among digital circuits of semiconductor chips or modules.


lexentry: eng/clock_speed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clock speed
trans_list: синхросигнал | тактовый сигнал
sense:
(computing, computer hardware) The rate, measured in hertz, at which a processor performs its fundamental operations.


lexentry: eng/clock_tower__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clock tower
trans_list: часова́я ба́шня
sense:
(architecture) A tower, usually in a prominent position, having a large clock in a high position, often with several faces.


lexentry: eng/clockwork__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clockwork
trans_list: веревка
sense:
A mechanism powered by a coiled spring and regulated by some form of escapement; the power is transmitted through toothed gearwheels and used to drive a mechanical clock, toy, or other device.


lexentry: eng/cloister__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cloister
trans_list: клуа́тр | кры́тая арка́да | кры́тая галере́я
sense:
A covered walk with an open colonnade on one side, running along the walls of buildings that face a quadrangle; especially:


lexentry: eng/clone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clone
trans_list: клон
sense:
A living organism (originally a plant) produced asexually from a single ancestor, to which it is genetically identical.


lexentry: eng/cloning__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cloning
trans_list: клони́рование
sense:
(biology) The production of a cloned embryo by transplanting the nucleus of a somatic cell into an ovum.


lexentry: eng/close,_but_no_cigar__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: close, but no cigar
trans_list: про́мах есть про́мах | чуть-чу́ть не счита́ется
sense:
(idiomatic, originally, US, colloquial) Used to indicate that one is almost correct or has almost succeeded, but not quite. [from early 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/close__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: close
trans_list: закрыва́ть | закры́ть | закрыть
sense:
(ambitransitive) To move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed.


lexentry: eng/close__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: close
trans_list: закрыть
sense:
(transitive, intransitive, electricity, of a switch, fuse or circuit breaker) To move to a position allowing electricity to flow.


lexentry: eng/close_ranks__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: close ranks
trans_list: смыка́ть ряды́ | сомкну́ть ряды́
sense:
(figuratively) To regroup forces, especially when this involves overlooking differences in order to face a challenge or adverse situation. Often implies making a show of unity, especially to the public.


lexentry: eng/close_the_stable_door_after_the_horse_has_bolted__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: close the stable door after the horse has bolted
trans_list: после пожара да за водой
sense:
(idiomatic) To attempt to prevent a problem that has already occurred; to design and implement a preventive mechanism that is too late (after the first failure instead of before).


lexentry: eng/closed_caption__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: closed caption
trans_list: скрытые субтитры
sense:
(television) Text which can be displayed on a television or other video screen with suitable equipment, usually a transcription or description of audio material.


lexentry: eng/closet__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: closet
trans_list: шкаф
sense:
(figuratively) A secret or hiding place, (particularly) the hiding place in English idioms such as in the closet and skeleton in the closet.


lexentry: eng/closet__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: closet
trans_list: шкаф
sense:
(obsolete) Clipping of closet of ease, (later, UK) clipping of water closet: a room containing a toilet.


lexentry: eng/closeup__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: closeup
trans_list: кру́пный план
sense:
(film) A video or film recording made with the camera positioned close to an actor, often so that only the head or face is visible.


lexentry: eng/cloth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cloth
trans_list: ткань | мате́рия | сукно́
sense:
(countable, uncountable) A fabric, usually made of woven, knitted, or felted fibres or filaments, such as used in dressing, decorating, cleaning or other practical use.


lexentry: eng/clothes_dryer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clothes dryer
trans_list: суши́лка | суши́льная маши́на
sense:
An electrical appliance used for drying clothes, usually by tumbling them in a heated rotating drum.


lexentry: eng/clothes_moth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clothes moth
trans_list: моль | платяна́я моль
sense:
Any of several small, yellowish or buff-colored moths of the family Tineidae, feeding on textiles (wool, fur, feathers).


lexentry: eng/clothes_peg__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clothes peg
trans_list: прище́пка
sense:
(British, Australia, NZ, Canada) An object (usually made of wood or plastic) used to attach wet laundry to a clothesline so that it (the laundry) can dry.


lexentry: eng/clotted_cream__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clotted cream
trans_list: топлёные сли́вки
sense:
A thick, sweet dairy product, made by skimming the thickened layer off the top of unhomogenized cream that has been heated and allowed to stand. Fat content is at least 55%.


lexentry: eng/cloud__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: cloud
trans_list: о́блако | облако
sense:
(computing, with "the") The Internet, regarded as an abstract amorphous omnipresent space for processing and storage, the focus of cloud computing.


lexentry: eng/cloud_computing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cloud computing
trans_list: о́блачные вычисле́ния
sense:
(informal, computing) Computing services provided over the Internet (or "cloud"), whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand.


lexentry: eng/clouded_leopard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clouded leopard
trans_list: ды́мчатый леопа́рд
sense:
A medium-sized, arboreal cat (Neofelis nebulosa) found in Southeast Asia. It has a disproportionately long tail and canines, and a tawny coat with dark, irregular, oval markings.


lexentry: eng/clove__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clove
trans_list: гвозди́ка | гвоздика
sense:
(uncountable, countable) A very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove tree.


lexentry: eng/clove__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: clove
trans_list: гвозди́чное де́рево
sense:
(countable) A clove tree, of the species Syzygium aromaticum (syn. Caryophyllus aromaticus), native to the Moluccas (Indonesian islands), which produces the spice.


lexentry: eng/clove_hitch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clove hitch
trans_list: выбленка
sense:
(nautical) a bend formed by two half hitches in the same direction, used to make a line fast to a spar or to a larger rope; it will not slip


lexentry: eng/clover__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clover
trans_list: кле́вер | клевер
sense:
A plant of the genus Trifolium with leaves usually divided into three (rarely four) leaflets and with white or red flowers.


lexentry: eng/cloverleaf_interchange__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cloverleaf interchange
trans_list: клевер
sense:
(US, Canada) A junction of two highways, one crossing over the other, having a series of exit and entrance ramps, arranged in the form of a four-leaf clover, such that traffic may proceed from either highway in all directions.


lexentry: eng/clown__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clown
trans_list: шут | кло́ун | пая́ц | клоун
sense:
A slapstick performance artist often associated with a circus and usually characterized by bright, oversized clothing, a red nose, face paint, and a brightly colored wig.


lexentry: eng/clownfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clownfish
trans_list: ры́ба-кло́ун
sense:
Any of colorful fish of genera Amphiprion and Premnas in subfamily Amphiprioninae of family Pomacentridae, native to the Pacific and Indian Oceans, notable for their mutual relationship with sea anemones.


lexentry: eng/club__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: club
trans_list: клуб
sense:
An association of members joining together for some common purpose, especially sports or recreation.


lexentry: eng/club__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: club
trans_list: клуб | ночно́й клуб
sense:
An establishment that provides staged entertainment, often with food and drink, such as a nightclub.


lexentry: eng/club__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: club
trans_list: кре́сти | тре́фа | трефо́вая масть
sense:
(card games) A black clover shape (♣), one of the four symbols used to mark the suits of playing cards.


lexentry: eng/club_moss__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: club moss
trans_list: ликопо́диум | плау́н
sense:
Any of various simple microphyllous vascular plants, of the family Lycopodiaceae, that resemble mosses and produce spores.


lexentry: eng/club_soda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: club soda
trans_list: газированная вода
sense:
(North America) A carbonated beverage consisting mainly of carbonated water, with or without a few other minor ingredients such as potassium citrate.


lexentry: eng/club_together__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (finance) To contribute money jointly with others.
written_rep: club together
trans_list:
[[устра́ивать]] [[складчина|скла́дчину]] | [[устро́ить]] [[складчина|скла́дчину]] | ски́дываться | ски́нуться | скла́дываться | сложи́ться


lexentry: eng/clumsy__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: clumsy
trans_list: неудо́бный
sense:
Awkward or inefficient in use or construction, difficult to handle or manage especially because of shape.


lexentry: eng/cluster__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cluster
trans_list: скопле́ние
sense:
(astronomy) A group of galaxies, nebulae, or stars that appear to the naked eye to be near each other.


lexentry: eng/cluster__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cluster
trans_list: гроздь
sense:
(linguistics) Synonym of lexical bundle (“a sequence of two or more words that occur in a language with high frequency but are not idiomatic”)


lexentry: eng/cluster__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cluster
trans_list: гру́ппа
sense:
(statistics) In cluster analysis: a subset of a population whose members are similar enough to each other and distinct from others as to be considered a separate group; also, such a grouping in a set of observed data that is statistically significant.


lexentry: eng/cluster_analysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cluster analysis
trans_list: кла́стерный ана́лиз
sense:
(artificial intelligence, statistics) The classification of objects into different groups, or more precisely, the partitioning of a data set into subsets (clusters), so that the data in each subset (ideally) share some common trait - often proximity according to some defined distance measure.


lexentry: eng/cluster_bomb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cluster bomb
trans_list: кассе́тная бо́мба
sense:
An explosive munition designed to explode in the air and release a cluster of smaller explosives, thus spreading the blast over a larger area.


lexentry: eng/clusterfuck__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clusterfuck
trans_list: барда́к | пизде́ц | по́лная жо́па
sense:
(slang, vulgar) A chaotic situation where everything seems to go wrong, often caused by communication failure, a complex environment, or incompetence.


lexentry: eng/clustering__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: clustering
trans_list: группа
sense:
(writing) A prewriting technique consisting of writing ideas down on a sheet of paper around a central idea within a circle, with the related ideas radially joined to the circle using rays.


lexentry: eng/clutch__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: clutch
trans_list: сцепле́ние | му́фта | сцепление
sense:
A device to interrupt power transmission, commonly used to separate the engine and gearbox in a car. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/clutch__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: clutch
trans_list: [[педа́ль]] [[сцепление|сцепле́ния]] | сцепление
sense:
The pedal in a car that disengages power and torque transmission from the engine (through the drivetrain) to the drive wheels.


lexentry: eng/clutch_pedal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: clutch pedal
trans_list: педаль сцепления
sense:
(automotive) A pedal in a manual transmission car that modulates the clutch mechanism, via clutch plate pressure.


lexentry: eng/cnidarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cnidarian
trans_list: книда́рий | стрека́ющее
sense:
(zoology) Any of various invertebrate animals, such as jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones, corals and formerly sponges and ctenophores that belong to the phylum Cnidaria. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/co-brother-in-law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: co-brother-in-law
trans_list: зять
sense:
(uncommon) One's spouse's brother-in-law (one's spouse's sibling's husband), especially one's wife's sister's husband; either of two (or more) men who marry sisters, in relation to the other; the brother of one spouse in relation to the siblings of the other spouse.


lexentry: eng/co-father-in-law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: co-father-in-law
trans_list: сват
sense:
The father of one's son- or daughter-in-law; that is, the father-in-law of one's child, or, the father of one spouse in relation to the father of the other spouse; either of two or more men whose children marry each other, such as the father of a bride vis-à-vis the father of the groom.


lexentry: eng/co-mother-in-law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: co-mother-in-law
trans_list: сва́тья
sense:
(uncommon) The mother of one's children-in-law; that is, the mother-in-law of one's children, or, the mother of one spouse in relation to the parents of the other spouse; either of two or more women whose children marry each other, such as the mother of a bride vis-à-vis the mother of the groom.


lexentry: eng/co-sister-in-law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: co-sister-in-law
trans_list: неве́стка | своя́ченица
sense:
One's spouse's sister-in-law, especially one's husband's brother's wife, one's brother's wife in relation to the spouses of his siblings; either of two (or more) women who are married to brothers, in relation to the other.


lexentry: eng/coagulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coagulation
trans_list: свёртывание
sense:
The precipitation of suspended particles as they increase in size by any of several physical or chemical processes. (e.g. coagulation of proteins)


lexentry: eng/coal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coal
trans_list: у́голь | ка́менный у́голь | уголёк | уголь
sense:
(uncountable) A black or brownish black rock formed from prehistoric plant remains, composed largely of carbon and burned as a fuel.


lexentry: eng/coal_gas__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coal gas
trans_list: светильный газ
sense:
(petrochemistry) The poisonous gas, used domestically for cooking etc and formerly for lighting, prepared by heating coal with steam (gasification); it is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide; sometimes synonymous with synthesis gas or town gas.


lexentry: eng/coal_tar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coal tar
trans_list: каменноу́гольная смола́
sense:
A black, viscous tar made by the destructive distillation of coal (to make coke and town gas); it contains a great number of compounds including hydrocarbons and phenols; used in the preparation of medicinal soap and shampoo, and industrially for the manufacture of many products.


lexentry: eng/coalescer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coalescer
trans_list: коагуля́тор
sense:
Any of several devices used to perform coalescence; especially to make the fatty elements of an emulsion to coalesce into larger droplets in order to facilitate their separation.


lexentry: eng/coalface__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: coalface
trans_list: кузница
sense:
(figurative, UK) A place where more tangible, practical, or direct work of an activity is done, as opposed to theoretical or managerial work.


lexentry: eng/coalfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coalfish
trans_list: са́йда
sense:
Any of several blackish fish, especially Pollachius virens, a pollack, and Anoplopoma fimbria, sablefish.


lexentry: eng/coaster__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coaster
trans_list: [[каботажный|кабота́жное]] [[су́дно]]
sense:
A merchant vessel that stays in coastal waters, especially one that travels between ports of the same country.


lexentry: eng/coaster__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coaster
trans_list: подста́вка
sense:
A small, flat or tray-like object on which a bottle, cup, glass, mug, etc., is placed to protect a table surface from drink spills, heat, or water condensation.


lexentry: eng/coastline__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coastline
trans_list: берегова́я ли́ния
sense:
The shape, outline, or boundary of a coast. (The term coastline is generally used to describe the approximate boundaries at relatively large spatial scales.)


lexentry: eng/coat_hanger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coat hanger
trans_list: ве́шалка | пле́чики | тре́мпель
sense:
A device used to hang up coats, shirts, etc, consisting of a hook with sloping "arms" in the approximate shape of human shoulders.


lexentry: eng/coat_of_arms__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coat of arms
trans_list: герб
sense:
(heraldry) Hereditary designs and symbols depicted on an escutcheon, sometimes accompanied by other elements of a heraldic achievement, such as a helm, crest, crest coronet, torse, mantling and supporters; described by a blazon.


lexentry: eng/coat_rack__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coat rack
trans_list: вешалка
sense:
A rack or stand with hooks or pegs for holding hats and coats, often placed near an entrance for temporary use


lexentry: eng/coati__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coati
trans_list: коа́ти | носу́ха
sense:
Any of several omnivorous mammals, of the genus Nasua or Nasuella, in order Carnivora, that live in the range from southern United States to northern Argentina.


lexentry: eng/coax__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coax
trans_list: увещева́ть | угова́ривать | уговори́ть
sense:
(transitive) To wheedle or persuade (a person, organisation, animal etc.) gradually or by use of flattery to do something.


lexentry: eng/coaxial_cable__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coaxial cable
trans_list: коаксиа́л | коаксиа́льный ка́бель
sense:
(electronics, telecommunications) A transmission line, consisting of a conducting wire surrounded by an insulated spacer, surrounded by a cylindrical conducting sheath; used to carry high frequency signals such as TV.


lexentry: eng/cobaltite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cobaltite
trans_list: кобальти́т
sense:
(mineral) A rare gray mineral, a mixed sulfide and arsenide of cobalt and iron with chemical formula CoAsS; it is an ore of cobalt.


lexentry: eng/cobber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cobber
trans_list: приятель | старина
sense:
(Australia, slang, dated) A pal, buddy, mate, friend; often used in direct address by one male to another.


lexentry: eng/cobelligerent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cobelligerent
trans_list: объединённый
sense:
Country that wages war against a common enemy, without the countries on the same side having a formal treaty of military alliance.


lexentry: eng/cobra_pose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cobra pose
trans_list: бхуджангаса́на
sense:
(asana) A yoga pose in which a person lays face-down and then extends their arm to push only their upper body up, causing the back to arch.


lexentry: eng/cobza__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cobza
trans_list: кобза
sense:
A lute-like stringed instrument (chordophone), with four strings in double courses, played with a plectrum, and most associated with the traditional music of Romania.


lexentry: eng/coca__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coca
trans_list: ко́ка
sense:
The dried leaf of one of these plants, the South American shrub (Erythroxylum coca), widely cultivated in Andean countries, which is the source of cocaine and used as aphrodisiac in the past.


lexentry: eng/cocaine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cocaine
trans_list: кокаи́н | кокаин
sense:
(uncountable, organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) An addictive drug derived from coca (Erythroxylum) or prepared synthetically, used sometimes medicinally as a local anesthetic and, often illegally, as a stimulant.


lexentry: eng/cochineal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cochineal
trans_list: кошени́ль
sense:
(countable) A scale insect of the species Dactylopius coccus, native to the tropical and subtropical Americas, which lives on prickly pear cacti (genus Opuntia).


lexentry: eng/cochlear_implant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cochlear implant
trans_list: кохлеа́рный импланта́т
sense:
A surgically implanted electronic device that can help provide a sense of sound to a person who is profoundly deaf or severely hard of hearing.


lexentry: eng/cock__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cock
trans_list: взвести́ | взводи́ть
sense:
(ambitransitive) To lift the cock of a firearm or crossbow; to prepare (a gun or crossbow) to be fired.


lexentry: eng/cock__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: cock
trans_list: заломить
sense:
(transitive) To turn or twist something upwards or to one side; to lift or tilt (e.g. headwear) boastfully.


lexentry: eng/cock_and_ball_torture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cock and ball torture
trans_list: пытка члена и яиц
sense:
(BDSM, paraphilia) A sexual activity involving the application of pain or constriction to the penis or testicles.


lexentry: eng/cock_up__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cock up
trans_list: впутывать
sense:
(ambitransitive, chiefly, UK, Commonwealth, Ireland, slang, mildly) To ruin (something) unintentionally; to fuck up, mess up, or screw up.


lexentry: eng/cockatiel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cockatiel
trans_list: коре́лла | корелла
sense:
Nymphicus hollandicus, a small, rather atypical cockatoo with a distinctive pointed yellow crest, native to Australia. Avicultural forms come in many color mutations such as White Face Gray, White Face Pearl, Fallow, Pearl Pied, Cinnamon Pearl, and White Face Pied.


lexentry: eng/cockatrice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cockatrice
trans_list: кокатрикс
sense:
(mythology) A legendary creature about the size and shape of a dragon or wyvern, but in appearance resembling a giant rooster, with some lizard-like characteristics.


lexentry: eng/cockfighting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cockfighting
trans_list: бойцовый петух | петуши́ный бой
sense:
A gambling blood sport (illegal in most countries) in which two roosters have spikes placed on their feet and are made to fight each other, usually to the death.


lexentry: eng/cockle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cockle
trans_list: сердцеви́дка
sense:
Any of various edible European bivalve mollusks, of the family Cardiidae, having heart-shaped shells.


lexentry: eng/cockpit__Noun__2
sense_num: 04
written_rep: cockpit
trans_list: каби́на
sense:
The compartment in an aircraft or spacecraft in which the pilot sits and from where the craft is controlled. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/cocksucker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cocksucker
trans_list: мине́тчик | мине́тчица | хуесо́с | хуесо́ска | членосос | членососка
sense:
(vulgar, colloquial, derogatory, or, offensive) A very annoying or objectionable person; any contemptible person.


lexentry: eng/cocoa_butter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cocoa butter
trans_list: ма́сло кака́о
sense:
The fat that is extracted from the cocoa bean to make chocolate; it has a relatively sharp melting point so does not feel greasy when eaten.


lexentry: eng/cocoa_powder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cocoa powder
trans_list: [[кака́о]]-[[порошо́к]]
sense:
(baking, cooking) A powder derived from ground cocoa solids, which is used to make the drink of cocoa, various chocolate products, also used as an ingredient in baking.


lexentry: eng/coconut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coconut
trans_list: коко́с | коко́совый оре́х
sense:
A fruit of the coconut palm (not a true nut), Cocos nucifera, having a fibrous husk surrounding a large seed.


lexentry: eng/coconut_crab__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coconut crab
trans_list: коко́совый краб | па́льмовый вор
sense:
A terrestrial hermit crab of species Birgus latro, that lives on the shores of the Indian Ocean and the central Pacific Ocean and feeds on fruits, nuts, seeds and coconut flesh.


lexentry: eng/coconut_milk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coconut milk
trans_list: коко́совое молоко́
sense:
A thick white liquid produced by soaking the white inner flesh of the seed of the coconut in water and straining. It is traditionally used in Southeast Asian cuisine in curry and other gravy.


lexentry: eng/coconut_oil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coconut oil
trans_list: коко́совое ма́сло
sense:
A type of cooking oil extracted from the kernel or meat of matured coconuts harvested from the coconut palm.


lexentry: eng/coconut_sap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coconut sap
trans_list: коко́совый сок
sense:
A sugary liquid obtained by tapping the stem of the coconut palm during inflorescence, from which later sugar, coconut vinegar, or palm wine may be produced.


lexentry: eng/coconut_vinegar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coconut vinegar
trans_list: коко́совый у́ксус
sense:
Vinegar made by fermenting coconut sap or less often coconut water, used extensively in Southeast Asian cuisine.


lexentry: eng/coconut_water__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coconut water
trans_list: коко́совая вода́
sense:
A clear liquid found inside immature coconuts, which suspends the endosperm during the nuclear stage of development. It is a popular drink in tropical regions.


lexentry: eng/cod__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cod
trans_list: треска́ | треска
sense:
Sea fish of the genus Gadus generally, inclusive of Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac or Gadus macrocephalus ogac).


lexentry: eng/cod_liver_oil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cod liver oil
trans_list: ры́бий жир
sense:
Oil derived from the liver of codfish, often used as a nutritional supplement due to its high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, and very high levels of vitamin A and vitamin D.


lexentry: eng/code-switching__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: code-switching
trans_list: переключе́ние ко́дов | смеше́ние ко́дов
sense:
(linguistics) The phenomenon or practice of alternating between two or more languages or language varieties.


lexentry: eng/code__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: code
trans_list: ко́декс | уста́в
sense:
A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in which the rules of law to be specifically applied by the courts are set forth in systematic form; a compilation of laws by public authority; a digest.


lexentry: eng/code__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: code
trans_list: код | шифр
sense:
(cryptography) A cryptographic system using a codebook that converts words or phrases into codewords.


lexentry: eng/code__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: code
trans_list: код
sense:
(programming, uncountable) Instructions for a computer, written in a programming language; the input of a translator, an interpreter or a browser, namely: source code, machine code, bytecode.


lexentry: eng/code_block__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: code block
trans_list: корпус
sense:
(programming) A block of source code, often one that is delimited by brackets or in some similar way, depending on the programming language.


lexentry: eng/code_name__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: code name
trans_list: ко́довое и́мя | ко́довое назва́ние | ко́довое наименова́ние | коднэ́йм | усло́вное назва́ние
sense:
(business, espionage, military) A name used to clandestinely identify somebody or something, either for military or espionage purposes, or for commercial confidentiality.


lexentry: eng/code_of_honour__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: code of honour
trans_list: ко́декс че́сти
sense:
Certain rules by which social intercourse is regulated among a social group, and which are founded on a regard for reputation.


lexentry: eng/codeine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: codeine
trans_list: кодеи́н
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) An addictive alkaloid narcotic derived from opium and used as a hypnotic, analgesic and antitussive; often mixed with aspirin etc.


lexentry: eng/codon__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: codon
trans_list: кодо́н | три́плет
sense:
(biochemistry) A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides, which encode for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or translation.


lexentry: eng/codpiece__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: codpiece
trans_list: ширинка
sense:
A part of male dress in the 15th and 16th centuries, worn in front of the breeches to cover the male genitals.


lexentry: eng/codriver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: codriver
trans_list: штурман
sense:
The navigator in the sport of rally racing, who sits in the front passenger seat and gives directions to the driver.


lexentry: eng/coefficient_of_friction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coefficient of friction
trans_list: коэффицие́нт тре́ния
sense:
(physics) The ratio between (1) the magnitude of the force of friction which a surface produces on an object (moving along the surface or being pressed statically against it) and (2) the magnitude of the normal force which is produced by the surface on the object and which is perpendicular to that surface.


lexentry: eng/coelacanth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coelacanth
trans_list: латиме́рия | целака́нт
sense:
Either of two species of deep-water fish, Latimeria chalumnae of the Indian Ocean and Latimeria menadoensis of Indonesia.


lexentry: eng/coelacanth__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coelacanth
trans_list: целака́нт
sense:
Any lobe-finned fish in the order Coelacanthiformes, thought until 1938 to have been extinct for 70 million years.


lexentry: eng/coelenterate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coelenterate
trans_list: кишечнополостно́е
sense:
(zoology, dated) Any simple aquatic animal formerly considered to belong to the phylum Coelenterata, now divided into the cnidarians and ctenophores.


lexentry: eng/coeliac_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coeliac disease
trans_list: целиаки́я
sense:
(UK) An auto-immune disease characterised by sensitivity of the lining of the small intestine to gluten, causing a failure to digest food properly.


lexentry: eng/coerce__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coerce
trans_list: заста́вить | заставля́ть | прину́дить | принужда́ть
sense:
(transitive) To use force, threat, fraud, or intimidation in an attempt to compel one to act against their will.


lexentry: eng/coercion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coercion
trans_list: наси́лие | принужде́ние
sense:
(uncountable) Actual or threatened force for the purpose of compelling action by another person; the act of coercing.


lexentry: eng/coercion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coercion
trans_list: принужде́ние
sense:
(legal, uncountable) Use of physical or moral force to compel a person to do something, or to abstain from doing something, thereby depriving that person of the exercise of free will.


lexentry: eng/coevolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coevolution
trans_list: коэволюция
sense:
(ecology, evolutionary theory) The evolution of organisms of two or more species in which each adapts to changes in the other.


lexentry: eng/coexist__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coexist
trans_list: сосуществова́ть | сосуществовать
sense:
(intransitive, stative, of two or more things, people, concepts, etc.) To exist contemporaneously or in the same area.


lexentry: eng/coexistence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coexistence
trans_list: совме́стное существова́ние | сосуществова́ние
sense:
The state of two or more things existing together, usually in a temporal or spatial sense, with or without mutual interaction.


lexentry: eng/coffee_bean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coffee bean
trans_list: кофе́йное зерно́ | кофе́йный боб
sense:
The seed of a tropical plant of the genus Coffea. Prepared by drying, roasting and grinding for making the beverage coffee.


lexentry: eng/coffee_break__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coffee break
trans_list: ко́фе-бре́йк | [[переры́в]] на [[ко́фе]] | кофе-па́уза
sense:
A rest period during the business day (usually of about 10 or 15 minutes). So named because it is an opportunity to get coffee.


lexentry: eng/coffee_grinder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coffee grinder
trans_list: кофемо́лка
sense:
A device for pulverizing or powdering coffee beans so they can be brewed as coffee. (Technically many of the machines tear the coffee beans).


lexentry: eng/coffee_table__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coffee table
trans_list: журна́льный сто́лик | кофе́йный сто́лик
sense:
(furniture) A long, low table, often placed before seating in a living room, on which drinks may be served, and magazines, etc. placed.


lexentry: eng/cofounder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cofounder
trans_list: сооснова́тель | сооснова́тельница | соучреди́тель | соучреди́тельница
sense:
A joint founder; one of several people involved with the creation of a business, organization, union, or entity.


lexentry: eng/cog__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cog
trans_list: когг
sense:
(historical) The hypothetical precursor ship type of the above said to be in use during the early Middle Ages, variously alleged to be Frisian or Scandinavian.


lexentry: eng/cognate__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: cognate
trans_list: когна́т | однокоренно́е сло́во
sense:
(linguistics) A word either descended from the same base word of the same ancestor language as the given word, or judged to be a regular reflex of the same reconstructed root of proto-language as the given word.


lexentry: eng/cognition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cognition
trans_list: восприя́тие | позна́ние
sense:
The process of knowing, of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought and through the senses.


lexentry: eng/cognitive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cognitive
trans_list: когнити́вный | познава́тельный | когнитивный
sense:
Relating to the part of mental functions that deals with logic, as opposed to affective which deals with emotions.


lexentry: eng/cognitive_behavioral_therapy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cognitive behavioral therapy
trans_list: когнити́вно-поведе́нческая терапи́я
sense:
(psychology) A psychotherapeutic approach that addresses dysfunctional emotions, behaviors, and cognitions, focussing on a client's current state rather than on their past.


lexentry: eng/cognitive_dissonance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cognitive dissonance
trans_list: когнити́вный диссона́нс
sense:
(psychology) A conflict or anxiety resulting from inconsistencies between one's beliefs and one's actions or other beliefs.


lexentry: eng/cognitive_psychology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cognitive psychology
trans_list: когнити́вная психоло́гия
sense:
(psychology) A branch of psychology that examines internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language.


lexentry: eng/cognizance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cognizance
trans_list: эмбле́ма
sense:
An emblem, badge or device, used as a distinguishing mark by the body of retainers of a royal or noble house.


lexentry: eng/cognize__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cognize
trans_list: знать
sense:
To make into an object of cognition (the process of acquiring knowledge through thought); to cogitate.


lexentry: eng/cognomen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cognomen
trans_list: фами́лия
sense:
(historical) A personal epithet or clan name added to the given name and family name of Ancient Romans.


lexentry: eng/cohabit__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cohabit
trans_list: сожи́тельствовать
sense:
(intransitive) To live together with someone else, especially in a romantic and sexual relationship but without being married.


lexentry: eng/cohabitation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cohabitation
trans_list: сожи́тельство
sense:
An emotional and physical intimate relationship which includes a common living place and which exists without legal or religious sanction.


lexentry: eng/coherence__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: coherence
trans_list: когерентность
sense:
(linguistics, translation studies) A semantic relationship between different parts of the same text.


lexentry: eng/coho__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coho
trans_list: ки́жуч
sense:
An anadromus and semelparous salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, found in the coastal regions of the northern Pacific Ocean, used as a symbol by several Native American tribes.


lexentry: eng/cohort__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cohort
trans_list: кого́рта | когорта
sense:
(statistics) A demographic grouping of people, especially those in a defined age group, or having a common characteristic.


lexentry: eng/cohort__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: cohort
trans_list: кого́рта | когорта
sense:
(historical, Ancient Rome, military) Any division of a Roman legion, normally of about 500 or 600 men (equalling about six centuries).


lexentry: eng/cohort_study__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cohort study
trans_list: кого́ртное иссле́дование
sense:
A type of research project in which participants sharing a common feature (the cohort) are studied over a long period of time.


lexentry: eng/coif__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coif
trans_list: чепе́ц | ша́почка
sense:
(historical) A hood; a close-fitting cap covering much of the head, widespread until the 18th century; after that worn only by small children and country women.


lexentry: eng/coilgun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coilgun
trans_list: пу́шка Гаусса
sense:
Any of various devices that use electromagnets to accelerate a magnetic projectile via non contact means


lexentry: eng/coin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coin
trans_list: моне́та | монета
sense:
(money) A piece of currency, usually metallic and in the shape of a disc, but sometimes polygonal, or with a hole in the middle.


lexentry: eng/coir__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coir
trans_list: койр
sense:
The fibre obtained from the husk of a coconut, used chiefly in making rope, matting and as a peat substitute.


lexentry: eng/coke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coke
trans_list: кокс
sense:
(uncountable) Solid residue from roasting coal in a coke oven; used principally as a fuel and in the production of steel and formerly as a domestic fuel.


lexentry: eng/colander__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colander
trans_list: дуршла́г | дуршлаг
sense:
A bowl-shaped kitchen utensil with holes in it used for draining food that has been cooking in water, such as pasta.


lexentry: eng/colchicine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colchicine
trans_list: колхици́н
sense:
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) A highly toxic alkaloid, chemical formula C22H25NO6, originally extracted from plants of the genus Colchicum and formerly used to treat rheumatic complaints, now used mainly in the treatment of gout.


lexentry: eng/cold__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: cold
trans_list: просту́да | простуда
sense:
(countable, pathology) A common, usually harmless, usually viral illness, usually with congestion of the nasal passages and sometimes fever.


lexentry: eng/cold_cream__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cold cream
trans_list: [[косметический|космети́ческое]] [[молочко́]]
sense:
(pharmacy) An emulsion of water and certain fats, usually including beeswax and various scent agents, designed to smooth skin and remove makeup.


lexentry: eng/cold_fusion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cold fusion
trans_list: холо́дный си́нтез | холо́дный термоя́дерный си́нтез
sense:
A hypothetical form of nuclear fusion not requiring the usual immensely high temperatures; nuclear fusion at or near room temperature.


lexentry: eng/cold_hands,_warm_heart__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cold hands, warm heart
trans_list: холодные руки, горячее се́рдце
sense:
Having cold hands is an indication of warmheartedness; used as a rejoinder if one finds that another's hands are cold.


lexentry: eng/cold_meat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cold meat
trans_list: нарезка
sense:
Any cold cooked meat such as luncheon meat or lunch meat, spam, chopped pork, corned beef, and so on.


lexentry: eng/cold_sore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cold sore
trans_list: [[ге́рпес]] губ | просто́й ге́рпес
sense:
(pathology) A small bump (namely a vesicle) on the lips resulting from infection by herpes simplex viruses (mostly HHV1 but also HHV2).


lexentry: eng/cold_sweat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cold sweat
trans_list: холо́дный пот
sense:
Perspiration which feels chilly to the person perspiring, and which indicates debilitating illness, shock, or the experiencing of an intense emotion such as despair, anxiety, or, especially, fear.


lexentry: eng/cold_turkey__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cold turkey
trans_list: внеза́пно | ре́зко
sense:
(idiomatic) Not gradually; all at once. Refers especially to quitting a habit by force of will rather than by a gradual reduction.


lexentry: eng/cold_war__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cold war
trans_list: холо́дная война́
sense:
A period of hostile relations between rivals where direct open warfare between them is largely undesired and avoided; especially, either the Cold War or Cold War II. [from 1945]


lexentry: eng/colegislate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colegislate
trans_list: созаконода́тельный
sense:
(uncommon) To necessarily bring about a statute together with another legislative body or legislature, to be a colegislator.


lexentry: eng/coleslaw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coleslaw
trans_list: капу́стный сала́т | сала́т из капу́сты
sense:
A salad of finely shredded raw cabbage and sometimes shredded carrots, dressed with mayonnaise (white slaw) or a vinaigrette (red slaw).


lexentry: eng/coleus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coleus
trans_list: ко́леус
sense:
Any of certain plants in the mint family, many used as ornamentals for their colorful, variegated leaves, sometime included in genus Plectranthus (spurflowers), sometimes in their own genus Coleus,


lexentry: eng/colewort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colewort
trans_list: капуста
sense:
A plant of the genus Brassica; now specifically, a Brassica plant without a head used for food, such as kale.


lexentry: eng/coli__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coli
trans_list: кише́чная па́лочка
sense:
(often, attributive, bacteriology) Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms.


lexentry: eng/colic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colic
trans_list: колика | резь | ко́лика
sense:
(pathology) Severe pains that grip the abdomen or the disease that causes such pains (due to intestinal or bowel-related problems).


lexentry: eng/collage__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: collage
trans_list: колла́ж
sense:
A composite object or collection (abstract or concrete) created by the assemblage of various media; especially for a work of art such as text, film, etc.


lexentry: eng/collagen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collagen
trans_list: коллаге́н
sense:
(biochemistry) Any of more than 28 types of glycoprotein that form elongated fibers, usually found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue.


lexentry: eng/collar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collar
trans_list: воротни́к | во́рот
sense:
The part of an upper garment (shirt, jacket, etc.) that fits around the neck and throat, especially if sewn from a separate piece of fabric.


lexentry: eng/collard_greens__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collard greens
trans_list: листова́я капу́ста
sense:
A form of Brassica oleracea, sometimes called Brassica oleracea var. acephala or Brassica oleracea var. viridis, similar to kale, that is a popular food in the rural southern United States.


lexentry: eng/collared_flycatcher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collared flycatcher
trans_list: берёзовка | мухоло́вка-белоше́йка
sense:
Ficedula albicollis, an Old World flycatcher breeding in eastern Europe and across Central Asia, overwintering in Africa


lexentry: eng/collateral__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collateral
trans_list: зало́г | поручи́тельство
sense:
(finance) A security or guarantee (usually an asset) pledged for the repayment of a loan if one cannot procure enough funds to repay.


lexentry: eng/collateral__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: collateral
trans_list: да́льний ро́дственник | да́льняя ро́дственница
sense:
(marketing) Printed materials or content of electronic media used to enhance sales of products (short form of collateral material).


lexentry: eng/collateral_damage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collateral damage
trans_list: [[сопу́тствующий]] [[уще́рб]] | [[сопутствующий|сопу́тствующая]] [[поте́ря]]
sense:
(military, euphemistic) Damage to civilian property or civilian casualties that is the unintended result of military operations.


lexentry: eng/collect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collect
trans_list: коллекта | краткая моли́тва
sense:
(Christianity) The prayer said before the reading of the epistle lesson, especially one found in a prayerbook, as with the Book of Common Prayer.


lexentry: eng/collect__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: collect
trans_list: коллекциони́ровать
sense:
(transitive) To accumulate (a number of similar or related objects), particularly for a hobby or recreation.


lexentry: eng/collectible__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collectible
trans_list: коллекционерский
sense:
Worthy or suitable for collecting on historical/financial grounds, or for meeting a personal aesthetic.


lexentry: eng/collecting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collecting
trans_list: коллекционирование
sense:
A hobby including seeking, locating, acquiring, organizing, cataloging, displaying, storing, and maintaining whatever items are of interest to the individual collector.


lexentry: eng/collection__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: collection
trans_list: колле́кция | сбо́рник | собра́ние
sense:
(set theory, topology, analysis) A set of sets; used because such a thing is in general too large to comply with the formal definition of a set.


lexentry: eng/collection__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: collection
trans_list: сбор
sense:
A gathering of money for charitable or other purposes, as by passing a contribution box for donations.


lexentry: eng/collection_plate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collection plate
trans_list: поднос
sense:
A plate or other container passed among the worshipers attending a Christian church service, into which donations of money are placed.


lexentry: eng/collective__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: collective
trans_list: колхо́з
sense:
(especially, in communist countries) One of more farms managed and owned, through the state, by the community.


lexentry: eng/collective_agreement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collective agreement
trans_list: коллекти́вный до́гово́р
sense:
A contract specifying terms and conditions of employment between one or more labor unions and employers' organizations legally binding for employers organized in these and the employees if they are unionized in them or their employment contract incorporates them by referral.


lexentry: eng/collective_noun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collective noun
trans_list: собира́тельное существи́тельное
sense:
(grammar) A noun which, though singular, refers to a group of things or animals. Examples: a school of fish, a pride of lions.


lexentry: eng/collective_numeral__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collective numeral
trans_list: собира́тельное числи́тельное
sense:
(grammar) A numeral that signifies that several persons or things are taken definitely and unitedly together, in the sense of—both, all three, all four, etc.


lexentry: eng/collective_unconscious__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collective unconscious
trans_list: коллекти́вное бессозна́тельное
sense:
(psychology) The common experiences, thoughts and opinions of a large group of people taken as a whole.


lexentry: eng/collectively__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collectively
trans_list: вме́сте | коллекти́вно | совме́стно
sense:
In a collective manner; viewed together as a whole; to be treated as a single unit, rather than the items that make up the collection separately.


lexentry: eng/collectivism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collectivism
trans_list: коллективи́зм | коллективизм
sense:
An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are owned and controlled by the people collectively


lexentry: eng/collector's_edition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collector's edition
trans_list: коллекционное изда́ние
sense:
A release of a product that has additional features or items in it than the regular retail version. In the case of a DVD, this could be behind the scene comments; or a music CD could contain the song text in a special booklet.


lexentry: eng/college__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: college
trans_list: ПТУ | ко́лледж
sense:
(UK) An institution for adult education at a basic or intermediate level (teaching those of any age).


lexentry: eng/college__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: college
trans_list: институ́т
sense:
(chiefly, UK) A non-specialized, semi-autonomous division of a university, with its own faculty, departments, library, etc.


lexentry: eng/collegial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: collegial
trans_list: коллегиальный
sense:
Possessing adherence to the ethos, standards and conduct that govern behavior among colleagues within a given organization or profession.


lexentry: eng/collet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collet
trans_list: цанга
sense:
A band, flange, ferrule, or collar, designed to grip and hold a tool or a workpiece under proper control, and usually to release it under control thereafter; such a collet usually is made of a hard, springy material, especially a metal.


lexentry: eng/collider__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collider
trans_list: колла́йдер
sense:
(physics) Any of several forms of particle accelerator in which two opposing beams of particles collide.


lexentry: eng/colligate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: colligate
trans_list: объединя́ть
sense:
(transitive) To formally link or connect together logically; to bring together by colligation; to sum up in a single proposition.


lexentry: eng/collinearity__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: collinearity
trans_list: коллинеа́рность
sense:
(countable, genetics) The relationship between the linear sequence of codons in DNA and that of amino acids in the protein so coded


lexentry: eng/collocate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collocate
trans_list: сочета́ться
sense:
(linguistics, translation studies) (said of certain words) To be often used together, form a collocation; for example strong collocates with tea.


lexentry: eng/collocation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: collocation
trans_list: словосочета́ние
sense:
(linguistics, translation studies) A sequence of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance (i.e., the statistically significant placement of particular words in a language), often representing an established name for, or idiomatic way of conveying, a particular semantic concept.


lexentry: eng/collodion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: collodion
trans_list: коллодий
sense:
A syrupy solution of nitrocellulose (pyroxylin) in alcohol and ether that evaporates on a surface to form a clear elastic film; used in surgical dressings, photographic plates and lacquer paints.


lexentry: eng/colloid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colloid
trans_list: колло́ид
sense:
(physical chemistry) A stable system of two phases, one of which is dispersed in the other in the form of very small droplets or particles.


lexentry: eng/colloquium__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: colloquium
trans_list: колло́квиум
sense:
An academic meeting or seminar usually led by a different lecturer and on a different topic at each meeting.


lexentry: eng/colocynth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colocynth
trans_list: колокви́нт | колоци́нт
sense:
A viny plant, Citrullus colocynthis, native to the Mediterranean Basin and Asia. It produces a lemon-sized, yellowish, green-mottled, spongy, and extremely bitter fruit.


lexentry: eng/colocynth__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: colocynth
trans_list: колокви́нт | колоци́нт
sense:
The powdered pulp of this fruit, a powerful hepatic stimulant and hydragogue cathartic used as a strong laxative.


lexentry: eng/cologne__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cologne
trans_list: одеколо́н | парфю́м
sense:
Any of a family of fresh, citrus-based fragrances distilled using extracts from citrus, floral, and woody ingredients, said to have been developed in the early 18th century in Cologne, Germany.


lexentry: eng/colon__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colon
trans_list: ободо́чная кишка́ | то́лстая кишка́
sense:
(anatomy) Part of the large intestine; the final segment of the digestive system, after (distal to) the ileum and before (proximal to) the rectum. (Because the colon is the largest part of the large intestine (constituting most of it), it is often treated as synonymous therewith in broad or casual usage.)


lexentry: eng/colonel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colonel
trans_list: полко́вник | полковник
sense:
A commissioned officer in an armed military organization, typically the highest rank before flag officer ranks (generals). It is generally found in armies, air forces or naval infantry (marines).


lexentry: eng/colonel_general__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colonel general
trans_list: генера́л-полко́вник
sense:
(military rank) A general officer's rank in some nations' militaries, corresponding to the rank of either a lieutenant general or full general in the United States rank system.


lexentry: eng/colonialism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colonialism
trans_list: колониали́зм | колониализм
sense:
The policy of a country seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of economic dominance.


lexentry: eng/colony__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: colony
trans_list: коло́ния | поселе́ние
sense:
A potential new chapter of a fraternity or sorority awaiting official recognition from their headquarters.


lexentry: eng/colophon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colophon
trans_list: колофо́н | концо́вка
sense:
(printing, publishing) In manuscripts (typically before the invention of printing), the note, usually at the end, left by the scribe who copied it, giving information on their exemplar, where and when the copy was made, and sometimes, their own name.


lexentry: eng/colophon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: colophon
trans_list: колофо́н | концо́вка
sense:
(printing) A printer's or publisher's identifying inscription or logo appearing at the front or end of a book, or the same appearing on the spine or dust jacket.


lexentry: eng/color__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: color
trans_list: цвет | фини́фть
sense:
(heraldry) Any of the standard dark tinctures used in a coat of arms, including azure, gules, sable, and vert.


lexentry: eng/color__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: color
trans_list: насы́щенность
sense:
These hues as used in color television or films, color photographs, etc (as opposed to the shades of grey used in black-and-white television).


lexentry: eng/color__Noun__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: color
trans_list: цвет | колори́т
sense:
(finance, uncountable) A third-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change of gamma with respect to time, or equivalently the rate of change of charm with respect to changes in the underlying asset price.


lexentry: eng/color__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: color
trans_list: раскра́сить | раскра́шивать
sense:
(intransitive) To apply colors to the areas within the boundaries of a line drawing using colored markers or crayons.


lexentry: eng/color_blind__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: color blind
trans_list: дальто́ник
sense:
(of a, person or animal) Unable to distinguish between two or more primary colors (usually red and green).


lexentry: eng/color_blindness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: color blindness
trans_list: дальтони́зм | цветовая слепота
sense:
(medicine, ophthalmology) Any of several medical conditions in which the physical ability to see colors is impaired, especially achromatopsia, Daltonism.


lexentry: eng/colored__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: colored
trans_list: цветно́й
sense:
(South Africa, Namibia, sometimes, capitalized) Belonging to a multiracial ethnic group or category, having ancestry from more than one of the racial groups of Southern Africa (black, white, and Asian). (Under apartheid, used as a metadescription for mixed-race people and peoples such as the Cape Coloureds.)


lexentry: eng/colored__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: colored
trans_list: цветна́я | цветно́й
sense:
(South Africa) A person having ancestry from more than one of the racial groups of Southern Africa (black, white, and Asian); a colored person.


lexentry: eng/coloring_book__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coloring book
trans_list: кни́жка-раскра́ска | раскра́ска
sense:
A book containing line art for readers (usually children) to add color using crayons, colored pencils, markers, paint, or other artistic media.


lexentry: eng/colorism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colorism
trans_list: колори́зм
sense:
(American spelling) Prejudice or bias against persons on the basis of their skin color or complexion, often among persons of the same racial identification.


lexentry: eng/colorize__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: colorize
trans_list: раскрашивать
sense:
(photography, filmology) To convert black and white media to color by digital post production (as is often done in digital photography and in video special effects).


lexentry: eng/colossus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colossus
trans_list: коло́сс | колосс
sense:
A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied to certain famous statues in antiquity, as the Colossus of Nero in Rome and the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.


lexentry: eng/colostrum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colostrum
trans_list: моло́зиво | молозиво
sense:
(medicine) A form of milk produced by the mammary glands in late pregnancy and the few days after giving birth. Human and bovine colostrum is thick and yellowish. In humans, it has high concentrations of nutrients and antibodies, but it is small in quantity.


lexentry: eng/colour_revolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colour revolution
trans_list: цветная революция
sense:
(politics) Any of various related revolutionary movements that developed in several societies in the former Soviet Union and the Balkans during the early 2000s, mostly using nonviolent resistance.


lexentry: eng/colt__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: colt
trans_list: линёк
sense:
(nautical, historical) A short piece of rope once used by petty officers as an instrument of punishment.


lexentry: eng/coltan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coltan
trans_list: колта́н | колу́мбо-тантали́т | колумби́т-тантали́т
sense:
(mineralogy) A metallic ore, (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6, from which the elements niobium and tantalum are extracted.


lexentry: eng/coltsfoot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coltsfoot
trans_list: мать-и-ма́чеха | подбе́л
sense:
An herbaceous plant, species Tussilago farfara, that grows in Europe and the Middle East; yellow coltsfoot.


lexentry: eng/columbarium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: columbarium
trans_list: голубя́тня
sense:
(historical) A large, sometimes architecturally impressive building for housing a large colony of pigeons or doves, particularly those of ancien regime France.


lexentry: eng/columbarium__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: columbarium
trans_list: колумба́рий
sense:
A building, a vault or a similar place for the respectful and usually public storage of cinerary urns containing cremated remains.


lexentry: eng/column__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: column
trans_list: коло́нна | столб
sense:
(architecture) A solid upright structure designed usually to support a larger structure above it, such as a roof or horizontal beam, but sometimes for decoration.


lexentry: eng/column__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: column
trans_list: коло́нна | графа́ | коло́нка | разде́л | столбе́ц
sense:
A unit of width, especially of advertisements, in a periodical, equivalent to the width of a usual column of text.


lexentry: eng/column__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: column
trans_list: коло́нка | разде́л | ру́брика
sense:
(by extension) A recurring feature in a periodical, especially an opinion piece, especially by a single author or small rotating group of authors, or on a single theme.


lexentry: eng/column__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: column
trans_list: коло́нка | разде́л | столб
sense:
Something having similar vertical form or structure to the things mentioned above, such as a spinal column.


lexentry: eng/column__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: column
trans_list: колонна
sense:
(chemistry) An object used to separate the different components of a liquid or to purify chemical compounds.


lexentry: eng/colza__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: colza
trans_list: рапс
sense:
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus), cultivated for its seeds, which yield an oil, valued for illuminating and lubricating purposes.


lexentry: eng/comb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comb
trans_list: расчёска
sense:
The toothed plate at the top and bottom of an escalator that prevents objects getting trapped between the moving stairs and fixed landings.


lexentry: eng/combination_pliers__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: combination pliers
trans_list: пассатижи
sense:
(US, UK) A type of pliers used by linemen, electricians, and other tradesmen primarily for gripping, twisting, bending and cutting wire, cable and small metalwork components.


lexentry: eng/combinatorics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: combinatorics
trans_list: комбинато́рика
sense:
(mathematics) a branch of mathematics that studies (usually finite) collections of objects that satisfy specified criteria


lexentry: eng/combining_form__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: combining form
trans_list: сложное слово
sense:
(grammar) A type of word part; a bound morpheme; used in combination with a word, a different combining form, or an affix to form a new word.


lexentry: eng/combo_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: combo box
trans_list: по́ле со спи́ском
sense:
(graphical user interface) A widget that is a combination of a dropdown list or list box and a single-line textbox, allowing the user either to type a value directly into the control or choose from the list of existing options.


lexentry: eng/combustion_chamber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: combustion chamber
trans_list: ка́мера сгора́ния
sense:
An enclosed space, within a heat engine, in which the fuel is mixed and reacted with air or other oxidizing agent in a controlled manner.


lexentry: eng/come_again__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: come again
trans_list: как-как?
sense:
(idiomatic, informal, by ellipsis) A polite formula used when one has not heard or understood what has been said, or to indicate surprise.


lexentry: eng/come_around__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: come around
trans_list: переду́мать
sense:
(idiomatic) To change one's mind, especially to begin to agree or appreciate what one was reluctant to accept at first.


lexentry: eng/come_back__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: come back
trans_list: верну́ться | возврати́ться | возвраща́ться
sense:
(intransitive) To return to a former state, usually a desirable one; to become fashionable once more.


lexentry: eng/come_from__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: come from
trans_list: понимать
sense:
(transitive, slightly, informal) To derive one's opinion or argument from; to take as a conceptual starting point.


lexentry: eng/come_into_one's_own__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: come into one's own
trans_list: взросле́ть | заматере́ть | матере́ть | повзросле́ть | реализова́ться | состоя́ться
sense:
(idiomatic) To reach a stage of development or maturity where one has achieved strength and confidence, economic security, or respect and social acceptance.


lexentry: eng/come_out_of_the_closet__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: come out of the closet
trans_list: [[вы́йти]] из [[подполье|подпо́лья]] | [[выходи́ть]] из [[подполье|подпо́лья]]
sense:
(intransitive, idiomatic) To tell others about one's homosexuality, bisexuality, transness, or any minority or disapproved-of identity, belief, preference, etc., where previously this had been kept secret.


lexentry: eng/come_to_one's_senses__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: come to one's senses
trans_list: одуматься
sense:
(idiomatic) To become reasonable, comprehending, or responsible, especially after having behaved in an unreasonable, uncomprehending, or irresponsible manner.


lexentry: eng/come_up_with__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: come up with
trans_list: придумывать | приходить в голову
sense:
(idiomatic) To manage to produce, deliver, or present (something) by inventing, creating, thinking of, or obtaining it.


lexentry: eng/comeback__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comeback
trans_list: возвраще́ние | камбэ́к
sense:
A return (e.g. to popularity, success, etc.) after an extended period of obscurity or underperformance.


lexentry: eng/comely__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comely
trans_list: пригожий
sense:
Of a person: attractive or pleasing to look at; beautiful, handsome; also, attractive but not particularly beautiful or handsome.


lexentry: eng/comfort_woman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comfort woman
trans_list: же́нщина для комфо́рта
sense:
(idiomatic, historical, euphemistic) A woman forced, or supposedly recruited, into brothels by the Japanese occupation forces before or during World War II.


lexentry: eng/comfort_zone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comfort zone
trans_list: зона комфорта
sense:
The range of temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors that people or other organisms require in order to be physiologically unstressed.


lexentry: eng/comfort_zone__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: comfort zone
trans_list: зона комфорта
sense:
(idiomatic, by extension) The range of circumstances in which a person feels relaxed or able to cope.


lexentry: eng/comfrey__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comfrey
trans_list: костоло́мка | око́пник
sense:
Any of several species of perennial herbs of the genus Symphytum, often specifically Symphytum officinale.


lexentry: eng/comic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: comic
trans_list: коми́ческий | коми́чный | смешно́й
sense:
Using the techniques of comedy, as a composition, performer etc; amusing, entertaining. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/comic__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: comic
trans_list: ко́микс
sense:
A story composed of drawn images arranged in a sequence, usually with textual captions; a graphic novel.


lexentry: eng/comic_book__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comic book
trans_list: ко́микс
sense:
(comics) A book or magazine that uses sequences of drawings to narrate a story or a series of stories, primarily in a serialized form, usually fiction.


lexentry: eng/comic_relief__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comic relief
trans_list: шуточный сброс
sense:
(narratology) The inclusion of a humorous character or scene or witty dialogue in an otherwise serious work, often to relieve tension.


lexentry: eng/comic_strip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comic strip
trans_list: ко́микс
sense:
(comics) A series of drawings, in sequence, often but not necessarily depicting something funny or satirical in nature.


lexentry: eng/comitative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comitative
trans_list: комитати́вный
sense:
(grammar) Of, or relating to the grammatical case that is used in some languages to indicate accompaniment.


lexentry: eng/comitative_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comitative case
trans_list: комитати́в
sense:
(grammatical case) Noun case used to denote companionship. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositional phrase in company with, together with or with, as in "with the house." Languages that use the comitative case include Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, Inari Sami, Northern Sami, Skolt Sami, and Quechua. It is also found in many Australian Aboriginal languages, where it is commonly used to form names of places and languages.


lexentry: eng/comitology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comitology
trans_list: комиссоло́гия | комитоло́гия
sense:
(European Union) The system of committees, composed of representatives of the member states, used to oversee European Commission implementing acts made under European Union legislation.


lexentry: eng/comma__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comma
trans_list: запята́я | запятая
sense:
(typography) The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set of parts of a sentence or between elements of a list.


lexentry: eng/command__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: command
trans_list: управле́ние
sense:
The right or authority to order, control or dispose of; the right to be obeyed or to compel obedience.


lexentry: eng/command__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: command
trans_list: кома́нда | кома́ндование
sense:
(military) A body or troops, or any naval or military force, under the control of a particular officer; by extension, any object or body in someone's charge.


lexentry: eng/command__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: command
trans_list: кома́нда | команда
sense:
(computing) A directive to a computer program acting as an interpreter of some kind, in order to perform a specific task.


lexentry: eng/commando__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commando
trans_list: команда
sense:
A small fighting force specially trained for making quick destructive raids against enemy-held areas.


lexentry: eng/commensal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commensal
trans_list: сотрапеаник
sense:
(ecology) Of a form of symbiosis in which one organism derives a benefit while the other is unaffected.


lexentry: eng/commensalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commensalism
trans_list: комменсализм
sense:
(ecology) A sharing of the same environment by two organisms where one species benefits and the other is unaffected. An example is barnacles on whales.


lexentry: eng/comment__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: comment
trans_list: коммента́рий | комментарий
sense:
(programming) A remark embedded in source code in such a way that it will be ignored by the compiler or interpreter, typically to help people to understand the code.


lexentry: eng/commentary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commentary
trans_list: аннота́ция | коммента́рий
sense:
A series of comments or annotations; especially, a book of explanations or expositions on the whole or a part of some other work.


lexentry: eng/commentator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commentator
trans_list: коммента́тор
sense:
(media) A person who comments; especially someone who is paid to give his/her opinions in the media about current affairs, sports, etc.


lexentry: eng/commerce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commerce
trans_list: торго́вля | комме́рция | сноше́ние
sense:
(business) The exchange or buying and selling of commodities; especially the exchange of merchandise, on a large scale, between different places or communities; extended trade or traffic.


lexentry: eng/commerce__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: commerce
trans_list: сноше́ние
sense:
(card games) An 18th-century French card game in which the cards are subject to exchange, barter, or trade.


lexentry: eng/commercialize__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: commercialize
trans_list: коммерциализировать
sense:
(transitive) to apply business methodology to something in order to profit (such as introducing salability to a resource that comes from, or rightfully belongs to, the commons).


lexentry: eng/commie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commie
trans_list: коммуня́ка | комуня́ка
sense:
(pejorative, slang) A communist; a person with communist sympathies; a supposed communist infiltrator.


lexentry: eng/commie_block__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commie block
trans_list: панелька
sense:
(pejorative) A large apartment complex, especially in former Eastern Bloc countries of Eastern Europe, characterized by concrete and rectangular cuboids, similar to a plattenbau.


lexentry: eng/comminution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comminution
trans_list: измельче́ние
sense:
(often, mining, waste management) The breaking or grinding up of a material to form smaller particles.


lexentry: eng/commissariat__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: commissariat
trans_list: комиссариа́т
sense:
(historical) A department of the government of the Soviet Union in the early period of its existence.


lexentry: eng/commissioned_officer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commissioned officer
trans_list: офицер
sense:
(military) An officer who derives authority directly from a sovereign power and, as such, holds a commission charging them with the duties and responsibilities of a specific office or position.


lexentry: eng/commissioning__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commissioning
trans_list: ввод в [[де́йствие]] | ввод в эксплуата́цию | пуск
sense:
The process of assuring that all systems and components of a major piece of equipment, a process, a building or similar are designed, installed and tested according to the operational requirements of the owner or final client.


lexentry: eng/commit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commit
trans_list: фикса́ция
sense:
(computing, databases) The act of committing (e.g. a database transaction), making it a permanent change; such a change.


lexentry: eng/commit__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commit
sense:
(transitive) To give in trust; to put into charge or keeping; to entrust; to consign; used with to or formerly unto.

trans_list:
вверя́ть | заключа́ть под стра́жу | обя́зываться | свя́зывать себя́ обяза́тельством | соверша́ть | соверши́ть


lexentry: eng/commit__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: commit
trans_list: обя́зываться | свя́зывать себя́ обяза́тельством
sense:
(ambitransitive) To pledge or bind; to compromise, expose, or endanger by some decisive act or preliminary step. (Traditionally used only reflexively but now also without oneself etc.)


lexentry: eng/commit_suicide__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: To kill oneself; to take one's own life. (This entry is a translation hub.)
written_rep: commit suicide
trans_list:
наложи́ть на себя́ ру́ки | поко́нчить с собо́й | свести́ счёты с жи́знью | [[поко́нчить]] жизнь [[самоубийство|самоуби́йством]] | вы́пилиться | роскомнадзо́рнуться


lexentry: eng/committee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: committee
trans_list: комите́т | коми́ссия | комитет
sense:
A body of one or more persons convened for the accomplishment of some specific purpose, typically with formal protocols.


lexentry: eng/commodious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: commodious
trans_list: годный
sense:
(now, rare) Of life or living, endowed with conveniences; comfortable; free from hardship. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/commodity_fetishism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commodity fetishism
trans_list: това́рный фетиши́зм
sense:
(Marxism) The perception of the social relationships involved in production as economic relationships among the money and commodities exchanged in market trade, instead of as relationships among people.


lexentry: eng/common-law_marriage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A marriage based on the duration of cohabitation rather than formal ceremony.
written_rep: common-law marriage
trans_list:
гражда́нский брак | незарегистри́рованный брак | неформа́льный брак | сожи́тельство | факти́ческий брак


lexentry: eng/common_European_adder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common European adder
trans_list: обыкнове́нная гадю́ка
sense:
A venomous snake of species Vipera berus, in the family Viperidae, that can be found throughout much of Europe, and as far as East Asia


lexentry: eng/common_barley__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common barley
trans_list: ячмень
sense:
A plant of the species Hordeum vulgare, which yields the commercially important cereal grain barley.


lexentry: eng/common_blue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common blue
trans_list: голубя́нка ика́р
sense:
A small blue butterfly. of species Polyommatus icarus, family Lycaenidae, of temperate Asia and Europe.


lexentry: eng/common_clothes_moth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common clothes moth
trans_list: моль
sense:
Tineola bisselliella, a winged insect of Tineidae family, the caterpillar of which is a serious pest which destroys woollen materials.


lexentry: eng/common_cold__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common cold
trans_list: ОРВИ | на́сморк | просту́да
sense:
(pathology) A very common, mild viral infection of the nose and throat, whose symptoms include sneezing, sniffling, a running or blocked nose, a sore throat, coughing and a headache.


lexentry: eng/common_gender__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common gender
trans_list: о́бщий род
sense:
(linguistics) A grammatical gender in some languages, formed by the historical merging of masculine and feminine genders.


lexentry: eng/common_house_martin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common house martin
trans_list: вороно́к | городска́я ла́сточка
sense:
A migratory bird of the species Delichon urbicum, breeding in Europe, North Africa and temperate Asia.


lexentry: eng/common_kingsnake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common kingsnake
trans_list: обыкнове́нная короле́вская змея́
sense:
Lampropeltis getula, a harmless colubrid kingsnake endemic to much of warm temperate northern Mexico and the United States.


lexentry: eng/common_knowledge__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: common knowledge
trans_list: всем известный факт
sense:
(logic, game theory) A special kind of knowledge for a group of agents, such that when all the agents in a group G know p, they all know that they know p, they all know that they all know that they know p, and so on ad infinitum.


lexentry: eng/common_land__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common land
trans_list: альменда
sense:
(British, Irish) an area of land in the United Kingdom or Ireland that is open to the public at all times and until the 18th century would have been land that was free for anybody to graze their animals on (often shortened to common).


lexentry: eng/common_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: common law
trans_list: о́бщее пра́во
sense:
(legal, Scots law, Roman-Dutch law) Law of general application throughout a country, province, or state as opposed to law having only a special or local application


lexentry: eng/common_name__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common name
trans_list: ímja naricátel’noje
sense:
(taxonomy) The name by which an organism or group of organisms is known to the general public, rather than its taxonomic or scientific name.


lexentry: eng/common_pheasant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common pheasant
trans_list: кавка́зский фаза́н | обыкнове́нный фаза́н
sense:
A bird of the species Phasianus colchicus, native principally to temperate parts of Asia, naturalized elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/common_sandpiper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common sandpiper
trans_list: перевозчик
sense:
A small species of wading bird, Actitis hypoleucos, widely distributed across Africa, Eurasia, and Australasia.


lexentry: eng/common_sense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common sense
trans_list: здра́вый смысл | у́м-ра́зум
sense:
Ordinary sensible understanding; one's basic intelligence which allows for plain understanding and without which good decisions or judgments cannot be made.


lexentry: eng/common_sorrel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common sorrel
trans_list: щавель кислый
sense:
Rumex acetosa, a taxonomic species within the family Polygonaceae, garden sorrel, native in much of Europe.


lexentry: eng/common_swift__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common swift
trans_list: чёрный стриж
sense:
Apus apus, a swallow-like bird native to Europe and much of temperate Asia, rarely alighting on the ground.


lexentry: eng/common_yarrow__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: common yarrow
trans_list: тысячелистник обыкновенный
sense:
Achillea millefolium, a flowering plant widespread in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, formerly and sometimes used to stanch the flow of blood.


lexentry: eng/commonality__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: commonality
trans_list: совмести́мость | унифицированность
sense:
(telecommunication) A quality that applies to materiel or systems: (a) possessing like and interchangeable parts or characteristics enabling each to be utilized, or operated and maintained in common; (b) having interchangeable repair parts and/or components; (c) applying to consumable items interchangeably equivalent without adjustment.


lexentry: eng/commons__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: commons
trans_list: альменда
sense:
(usually singular in construction) A common#Noun (common land); especially, a central section of (usually an older) town, designated as a shared area.


lexentry: eng/commons__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: commons
trans_list: альменда
sense:
(figuratively) The mutual good of all; the abstract concept of resources shared by more than one, for example air, water, information.


lexentry: eng/commune__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commune
trans_list: общи́на
sense:
A small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community.


lexentry: eng/communicate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: communicate
trans_list: переда́ть | передава́ть | причасти́ться | причаща́ться | сообща́ть | сообщи́ть
sense:
(transitive) To impart or transmit (information or knowledge) to someone; to make known, to tell. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/communicate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: communicate
trans_list: обща́ться
sense:
(intransitive) To express or convey ideas, either through verbal or nonverbal means; to have intercourse, to exchange information. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/communicate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: communicate
trans_list: причасти́ться | причаща́ться
sense:
(intransitive, Christianity) To receive the bread and wine at a celebration of the Eucharist; to take part in Holy Communion. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/communication_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: communication studies
trans_list: коммуникацио́нные иссле́дования
sense:
An academic field that deals with processes of communication, commonly defined as the sharing of symbols over distances in space and time.


lexentry: eng/communism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: communism
trans_list: коммуни́зм | коммунизм
sense:
Any far-left political ideology or philosophy advocating holding the production of resources collectively, especially by seizing it through revolution.


lexentry: eng/communist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: communist
trans_list: коммуни́ст | коммуни́стка | коммунист
sense:
(communism) An advocate of a society based on the common ownership of property; a proponent of communism.


lexentry: eng/communitarianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: communitarianism
trans_list: коммунитаризм
sense:
(ethics) The group of doctrines that oppose excessive individualism in favour of a more community-based approach [from 1980s]


lexentry: eng/community__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: community
trans_list: соо́бщество | комму́на | комью́нити | о́бщество | о́бщность | общи́на
sense:
(countable) A group sharing common characteristics, such as the same language, law, religion, or tradition.


lexentry: eng/community__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: community
trans_list: соо́бщество | коло́ния | комму́на | комью́нити | о́бщество | о́бщность
sense:
(countable, ecology) A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other.


lexentry: eng/commutative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commutative
trans_list: коммутативный | перестановочный
sense:
(mathematics, of a binary operation) Such that the order in which the operands are taken does not affect their image under the operation.


lexentry: eng/commutative_algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commutative algebra
trans_list: коммутати́вная а́лгебра
sense:
(mathematics) The branch of algebra concerned with commutative rings and objects related to them (such as ideals and modules).


lexentry: eng/commutative_algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: commutative algebra
trans_list: коммутати́вная а́лгебра
sense:
(algebra) Any algebra (mathematical structure) in which the multiplication operation is commutative.


lexentry: eng/commute__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commute
trans_list: смягчать наказание
sense:
To exchange substantially; to abate but not abolish completely, a penalty, obligation, or payment in return for a great, single thing or an aggregate; to cash in; to lessen


lexentry: eng/commute__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: commute
trans_list: коммутировать
sense:
(intransitive, mathematics) Of an operation, to be commutative, i.e. to have the property that changing the order of the operands does not change the result.


lexentry: eng/commute__Verb__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commute
trans_list: е́здить
sense:
(intransitive, US, UK, Canada) To regularly travel from one's home to one's workplace or school, or vice versa.


lexentry: eng/commuter_rail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: commuter rail
trans_list: городская электричка
sense:
(rail transport) A rail transport system with trains used to transport commuters between two places, typically their homes and works, normally within a metropolitan area and its surrounding environs, and generally distinguished from other rail transport systems (i.e. subways, metros, tramways) by having less frequent service, lacking free transfers between trains and using heavy rolling stock running on a mainline railway


lexentry: eng/comorbidity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comorbidity
trans_list: коморбидность
sense:
(medicine, uncountable) The presence of one or more disorders (or diseases) in addition to a primary disease or disorder.


lexentry: eng/comp__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: comp
trans_list: добавлять
sense:
(transitive) To provide (someone) with a complimentary item, such as a ticket; to provide (someone) with something for free.


lexentry: eng/compact_star__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compact star
trans_list: компактная звезда | компактный объект
sense:
(star) A type of celestial body that collectively refers to white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes and exotic stars.


lexentry: eng/company__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: company
trans_list: ро́та | со́тня
sense:
(military) A unit of approximately sixty to one hundred and twenty soldiers, typically consisting of two or three platoons and forming part of a battalion.


lexentry: eng/company__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: company
trans_list: компа́ния | корпора́ция | о́бщество | предприя́тие | това́рищество | фи́рма
sense:
(legal) An entity having legal personality, and thus able to own property and to sue and be sued in its own name; a corporation.


lexentry: eng/comparative__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comparative
trans_list: компарати́в | сравни́тельная сте́пень
sense:
(grammar) A construction showing a relative quality, in English usually formed by adding more or appending -er. For example, the comparative of green is greener; of evil, more evil.


lexentry: eng/comparative_advantage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comparative advantage
trans_list: сравни́тельное преиму́щество
sense:
(economics) The ability to produce a particular good at a lower relative opportunity cost than another producer.


lexentry: eng/comparative_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comparative case
trans_list: сравни́тельный паде́ж
sense:
(grammar) A case used to mark a likeness to something, or that two things have the same quantity of something. It corresponds roughly to the English adverb "like". Languages that use the comparative case include Mari, Nivkh, and Chechen.


lexentry: eng/comparative_linguistics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comparative linguistics
trans_list: сравни́тельная лингви́стика
sense:
(linguistics) A branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages in order to establish their historical relatedness.


lexentry: eng/comparative_literature__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comparative literature
trans_list: сравни́тельное литературове́дение
sense:
The academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across linguistic, cultural and national boundaries.


lexentry: eng/comparative_method__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comparative method
trans_list: сравнительно-исторический метод | сравнительный метод
sense:
(linguistics) A technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with a common ancestor.


lexentry: eng/compare__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compare
trans_list: сра́внивать | сравни́ть | сравнить
sense:
(transitive) To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things ["to compare X with Y"]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it similar to Y or different from Y.


lexentry: eng/comparison__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: comparison
trans_list: сравне́ние | сравнение
sense:
An evaluation of the similarities and differences of one or more things relative to some other or each other.


lexentry: eng/comparison__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: comparison
trans_list: [[степень|сте́пени]] [[сравнение|сравне́ния]]
sense:
(grammar) A feature in the morphology or syntax of some languages whereby adjectives and adverbs are inflected to indicate the relative degree of the property they define exhibited by the word or phrase they modify or describe.


lexentry: eng/compass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compass
trans_list: буссо́ль | ко́мпас | компа́с | компас
sense:
A magnetic or electronic device used to determine the cardinal directions (usually magnetic or true north).


lexentry: eng/compass_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compass point
trans_list: сторона́ све́та | страна́ све́та
sense:
Any of the horizontal directions indicated on a compass. There may be 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or even 128 compass points on a compass, depending on its size and accuracy.


lexentry: eng/compass_rose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compass rose
trans_list: ро́за ветро́в
sense:
(navigation) A graduated circle, usually marked in degrees, indicating directions and printed or inscribed on an appropriate medium, often a map.


lexentry: eng/compassionate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compassionate
trans_list: сострада́ть | сочу́вствовать
sense:
(transitive, archaic) To feel compassion (for someone or with regard to something); to regard (someone or something) with compassion.


lexentry: eng/compassionate_leave__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compassionate leave
trans_list: о́тпуск по семе́йным обстоя́тельствам
sense:
A period of absence from work taken by an employee due to a personal matter, either illness or death.


lexentry: eng/compatibility__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: compatibility
trans_list: совмести́мость | совместимость
sense:
(telecommunication) the capability of two or more items or components of equipment or material to exist or function in the same system or environment without mutual interference.


lexentry: eng/compellation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: compellation
trans_list: имя
sense:
(archaic, rare) A name or title by which someone is addressed or identified; an appellation, a designation.


lexentry: eng/compensate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: compensate
trans_list: возмести́ть | возмеща́ть | компенси́ровать | сбалансировать | скомпенси́ровать | уравновешивать
sense:
(ambitransitive) To make up for; to do something in place of something else; to correct, satisfy; to reach an agreement such that the scales are literally or (metaphorically) balanced; to equalize or make even.


lexentry: eng/compensation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: compensation
trans_list: ура́внивание
sense:
(finance) The extinction of debts of which two persons are reciprocally debtors by the credits of which they are reciprocally creditors; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount.


lexentry: eng/compensatory_lengthening__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compensatory lengthening
trans_list: замести́тельное удлине́ние | компенса́торное удлине́ние
sense:
(phonology, uncountable) The lengthening of a vowel sound which occurs when a following consonant is lost, regarded as an extreme form of fusion; (countable) an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/competence__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: competence
trans_list: спосо́бность | компете́нтность | компете́нция | правомо́чие | уме́ние
sense:
(countable) The quality or state of being able or suitable for a particular task; the quality or state of being competent for a particular task or skill.


lexentry: eng/compilation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: compilation
trans_list: собра́ние
sense:
(countable) That which is compiled; especially, a book or document composed of materials gathering from other books or documents.


lexentry: eng/complaint__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: complaint
trans_list: жа́лоба | нарека́ние | недово́льство
sense:
(legal) In a civil action, the first pleading of the plaintiff setting out the facts on which the claim is based;The purpose is to give notice to the adversary of the nature and basis of the claim asserted.


lexentry: eng/complaint__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: complaint
trans_list: иск
sense:
(legal) In criminal law, the preliminary charge or accusation made by one person against another to the appropriate court or officer, usually a magistrate.However, court proceedings, such as a trial, cannot be instituted until an indictment or information has been handed down against the defendant.


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: complement
trans_list: [[дополне́ние]] до [[прямой|прямо́го]] [[угол|угла́]]
sense:
(astronomy, geometry) An angle which, together with a given angle, makes a right angle. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: complement
trans_list: доба́вка | дополне́ние
sense:
Something which completes, something which combines with something else to make up a complete whole; loosely, something perceived to be a harmonious or desirable partner or addition. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: complement
trans_list: дополне́ние
sense:
(grammar, linguistics) A word or group of words that completes a grammatical construction in the predicate and that describes or is identified with the subject or object. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: complement
trans_list: [[дополни́тельный]] цвет
sense:
(optics) The color which, when mixed with the given color, gives black (for mixing pigments) or white (for mixing light). [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: complement
trans_list: [[ра́зность]] [[множество|мно́жеств]] | дополне́ние
sense:
(set theory) Given two sets, the set containing one set's elements that are not members of the other set (whether a relative complement or an absolute complement). [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: complement
trans_list: комплеме́нт
sense:
(immunology) One of several blood proteins that work with antibodies during an immune response. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/complement__Noun__1
sense_num: 16
written_rep: complement
trans_list: [[после́довательность]] [[комплементарный|комплемента́рных]] [[основание|основа́ний]]
sense:
(genetics) A nucleotide sequence in which each base is replaced by the complementary base of the given sequence: adenine (A) by thymine (T) or uracil (U), cytosine (C) by guanine (G), and vice versa.


lexentry: eng/complementary_colour__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: complementary colour
trans_list: дополнительный цвет
sense:
(British spelling, colour science) Either of two colours which, when mixed, produce a white or grey.


lexentry: eng/complementary_colour__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: complementary colour
trans_list: дополнительный цвет
sense:
(arts) A colour which is regarded as the opposite of another, so that the two colours together form a pleasing contrast.


lexentry: eng/complementary_distribution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: complementary distribution
trans_list: дополни́тельная дистрибу́ция | дополни́тельное распределе́ние
sense:
(phonetics) The distribution of phones in their respective phonetic environments such that one never appears in the same phonetic context as the other.


lexentry: eng/complex__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: complex
trans_list: ко́мплексный
sense:
(mathematics, of a number) Having the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is (by definition) the imaginary square root of −1.


lexentry: eng/complex__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: complex
trans_list: ко́мплексный
sense:
(mathematics, algebra) Whose coefficients are complex numbers; defined over the field of complex numbers.


lexentry: eng/complex__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: complex
trans_list: ко́мплекс | комплекс
sense:
(informal, by extension) A vehement, often excessive psychological dislike or fear of a particular thing.


lexentry: eng/complex__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: complex
trans_list: ко́мплекс | комплекс
sense:
(chemistry) A structure consisting of a central atom or molecule weakly connected to surrounding atoms or molecules, as for example coordination complexes in inorganic chemistry and protein complexes in biochemistry.


lexentry: eng/complex_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: complex number
trans_list: ко́мплексное число́ | компле́ксное число́
sense:
(complex analysis) A number of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i denotes the imaginary unit


lexentry: eng/complex_sentence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: complex sentence
trans_list: сло́жное предложе́ние | сложноподчинённое предложе́ние
sense:
(grammar) A sentence that contains an independent clause as well as one or more dependent clauses, such as a relative clause, an adverbial clause, or a noun clause.


lexentry: eng/compliance__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: compliance
trans_list: компла́енс
sense:
(uncountable, business) The department of a business that ensures all government regulations are complied with.


lexentry: eng/complication__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: complication
trans_list: осложне́ние
sense:
(medicine) A disease or diseases, or adventitious circumstances or conditions, coexistent with and modifying a primary disease, but not necessarily connected with it.


lexentry: eng/complicity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: complicity
trans_list: соуча́стие
sense:
The state of being complicit; involvement as a partner or accomplice, especially in a crime or other wrongdoing.


lexentry: eng/component__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: component
trans_list: компоне́нт | составна́я часть
sense:
A smaller, self-contained part of a larger entity. Often refers to a manufactured object that is part of a larger device.


lexentry: eng/compose__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: compose
trans_list: написа́ть | писа́ть | сочини́ть | сочиня́ть
sense:
(transitive, or, intransitive) To construct by mental labor; to think up; particularly, to produce or create a literary or musical work.


lexentry: eng/composite__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: composite
trans_list: сложноцве́тный
sense:
(botany) Belonging to the Asteraceae family (formerly known as Compositae), bearing involucrate heads of many small florets.


lexentry: eng/compound__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: compound
trans_list: соедине́ние | соединение
sense:
(chemistry) A substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight.


lexentry: eng/compound_interest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compound interest
trans_list: сло́жные проце́нты
sense:
(banking, finance) Interest, as on a loan or a bank account, that is calculated on the total on the principal plus accumulated unpaid interest.


lexentry: eng/compound_sentence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compound sentence
trans_list: сложносочинённое предложе́ние
sense:
(grammar) A sentence that has two or more independent clauses, joined by a conjunction (such as 'but', 'and') and/or punctuation (such as ',').


lexentry: eng/comprador_bourgeoisie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comprador bourgeoisie
trans_list: компрадо́рская буржуази́я
sense:
(Marxism) A section of an indigenous middle class allied with foreign investors, multinational corporations, bankers, and military interests.


lexentry: eng/comprehensive_school__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: comprehensive school
trans_list: единая школа
sense:
(British) a normal secondary school, accepting pupils of all abilities; replaced the secondary modern schools and grammar schools


lexentry: eng/compress__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compress
trans_list: компре́сс
sense:
(medicine) A multiply folded piece of cloth, a pouch of ice, etc., used to apply to a patient's skin, cover the dressing of wounds, and placed with the aid of a bandage to apply pressure on an injury.


lexentry: eng/compress__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compress
trans_list: сжать | сжима́ть | сда́вливать | сдави́ть | сжа́ться | сжима́ться
sense:
(transitive) To make smaller; to press or squeeze together, or to make something occupy a smaller space or volume.


lexentry: eng/compressed_air__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compressed air
trans_list: сжа́тый во́здух
sense:
Air which has been reduced in volume and increased in pressure for use in industrial processes or for cleaning.


lexentry: eng/compression__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: compression
trans_list: сжа́тие
sense:
(automotive) The cycle of an internal combustion engine during which the fuel and air mixture is compressed.


lexentry: eng/comprise__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: comprise
trans_list: включа́ть | содержа́ть
sense:
(patent law) To include, contain, or be made up of, defining the minimum elements, whether essential or inessential to define an invention.


lexentry: eng/compromise__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: compromise
trans_list: скомпромети́ровать
sense:
To pledge by some act or declaration; to endanger the life, reputation, etc., of, by some act which can not be recalled; to expose to suspicion.


lexentry: eng/compulsion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compulsion
trans_list: ([[иррациональный|иррациона́льное]]) [[жела́ние]] | ([[необъясни́мый]]) [[позы́в]] | поры́в
sense:
An irrational need or irresistible urge to perform some action, often despite negative consequences.


lexentry: eng/compulsory_acquisition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compulsory acquisition
trans_list: экспроприация
sense:
(legal, Australia, New Zealand) The power of a state to expropriate private land within its jurisdiction for public use.


lexentry: eng/compulsory_education__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compulsory education
trans_list: обяза́тельное образова́ние
sense:
(legal, education) A period of time in a child's life during which the child must receive schooling as required by law.


lexentry: eng/compulsory_purchase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: compulsory purchase
trans_list: экспроприация
sense:
(legal, UK, Ireland) The power of a state to expropriate private land within its jurisdiction for public use.


lexentry: eng/computational_linguistics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: computational linguistics
trans_list: вычислительная лингви́стика | компьютерная лингви́стика
sense:
(linguistics, computer science) An interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical and/or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective. This modeling is not limited to any particular field of linguistics.


lexentry: eng/computed_tomography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: computed tomography
trans_list: компью́терная томогра́фия
sense:
A form of radiography which uses computer software to create images, or slices, at various planes of depth from images taken around a body or volume of interest. Sometimes called “computerized tomography”.


lexentry: eng/computer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: computer
trans_list: вычисли́тель | вычисли́тельница | расчётчик | расчётчица | счётчик | счётчица
sense:
(now, rare, chiefly, historical) A person employed to perform computations; one who computes. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/computer__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: computer
trans_list: компью́тер | ЭВМ | компьютер
sense:
A programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/computer_chip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: computer chip
trans_list: компью́терный чип
sense:
(electronics) An integrated circuit, typically installed in a personal computer or other electronic devices.


lexentry: eng/computer_game__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: computer game
trans_list: компью́терная игра́
sense:
An electronic game, especially a game played using a general-purpose computer (as opposed to a game console).


lexentry: eng/computer_literacy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: computer literacy
trans_list: компью́терная гра́мотность
sense:
(computing) The ability to operate a personal computer, including its associated hardware and software (but not necessarily to understand the underlying electronics or a programming language). [from late 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/computer_says_no__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: computer says no
trans_list: компьютер говорит нет
sense:
(humorous) Alluding to an attitude in customer service in which the default response is to check with information stored or generated electronically and then make decisions based on that, apparently without using common sense and without any desire to help the customer.


lexentry: eng/computer_science__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: computer science
trans_list: информа́тика
sense:
The study of computers and their architecture, languages, and applications, in all aspects, as well as the mathematical structures that relate to computers and computation.


lexentry: eng/computer_virus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: computer virus
trans_list: компьютерный вирус
sense:
(computing) A program which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks and USB drives, often causing damage to systems and data.


lexentry: eng/comrade__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: comrade
trans_list: това́рищ | товарищ
sense:
(communism) A non-hierarchical title, functionally similar to "Mr.", "Mrs.", "Miss", "Ms." etc, in a communist, socialist, or Islamist state.


lexentry: eng/con__Noun__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: con
trans_list: жу́льничество | моше́нничество | надува́тельство | плутовство́ | разводка
sense:
(informal) A fraud; something carried out with the intention of deceiving, usually for personal, often illegal, gain.


lexentry: eng/concatenation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: concatenation
trans_list: конкатена́ция | сцепле́ние | цепь
sense:
(countable) A series of links united; a series or order of things depending on each other, as if linked together; a chain, a succession.


lexentry: eng/conceited__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conceited
trans_list: самодово́льный | тщесла́вный
sense:
Having an excessively favourable opinion of one's abilities, appearance, etc.; egotistical and vain.


lexentry: eng/concentrate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: concentrate
trans_list: концентри́ровать | сконцентри́ровать | сосредото́чивать | сосредото́чить
sense:
(ambitransitive) To bring to, or direct toward, a common center; to unite more closely; to gather into one body, mass, or force.


lexentry: eng/concentrate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: concentrate
trans_list: концентри́ровать | сконцентри́ровать
sense:
To increase the strength and diminish the bulk of, as of a liquid or an ore; to intensify, by getting rid of useless material; to condense.


lexentry: eng/concentration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: concentration
trans_list: обогаще́ние | сгуще́ние
sense:
The act or process of removing the dress of ore and of reducing the valuable part to smaller compass, as by currents of air or water.


lexentry: eng/concentration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: concentration
trans_list: концентра́ция | концентрация
sense:
The act, process or ability of concentrating; the process of becoming concentrated, or the state of being concentrated.


lexentry: eng/concentration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: concentration
trans_list: концентра́ция | концентрация
sense:
(physical chemistry) The amount of solute in a solution measured in suitable units (e.g., parts per million (ppm))


lexentry: eng/concentration_camp__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: concentration camp
trans_list: концентрацио́нный ла́герь | концла́герь
sense:
A camp where large numbers of people, especially political prisoners, prisoners of war, refugees etc., are detained for the purpose of confining them in one place, typically with inadequate or inhumane facilities. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/concept__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: concept
trans_list: конце́пция | поня́тие | представле́ние
sense:
Understanding retained in the mind, from experience, reasoning and imagination; a generalization (generic, basic form), or abstraction (mental impression), of a particular set of instances or occurrences (specific, though different, recorded manifestations of the concept).


lexentry: eng/conception__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: conception
trans_list: зача́тие | иде́я | конце́пция | поня́тие | представле́ние
sense:
The power or faculty of apprehending of forming an idea in the mind; the power of recalling a past sensation or perception; the ability to form mental abstractions.


lexentry: eng/conceptual_art__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conceptual art
trans_list: концептуа́льное иску́сство
sense:
A genre of art in which the transmission of ideas is more important than the creation of an art object


lexentry: eng/concern__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: concern
trans_list: каса́ться | беспоко́ить | волнова́ть | занима́ть
sense:
(transitive) To relate or belong to; to have reference to or connection with; to affect the interest of; to be of importance to.


lexentry: eng/concert__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: concert
trans_list: договорённость | согла́сие | соглаше́ние
sense:
(uncountable) Agreement in a design or plan; union formed by mutual communication of opinions and views; accordance in a scheme; harmony; simultaneous action.


lexentry: eng/concertina__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: concertina
trans_list: концертина
sense:
(musical instruments) A musical instrument, like the various accordions, that is a member of the free-reed family of musical instruments, typically having buttons on both ends.


lexentry: eng/concession__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: concession
trans_list: концессия
sense:
(Canadian) A concession road: a narrow road between tracts of farmland, especially in Ontario, from their origin during the granting of concessions (see above).


lexentry: eng/concession__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: concession
trans_list: усту́пка
sense:
(rhetoric) An admission of the validity of an opponent's point in order to build an argument upon it or to move on to another of greater importance; an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/conchoid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conchoid
trans_list: конхо́ида
sense:
(mathematics, geometry) Any of a family of curves defined as the locus of points p, such that each p is on a line that passes through a given fixed point P and intersects a given curve, C, and the distance from p to the point of intersection with C is a specified constant (note that for nontrivial cases two such points p satisfy the criteria, and the resultant curve has two parts).


lexentry: eng/conciliation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: conciliation
trans_list: примире́ние
sense:
(legal) A form of alternative dispute resolution, similar to but less formal than mediation, in which the parties bring their dispute to a neutral third party, who helps lower tensions, improve communications and explore possible solutions.


lexentry: eng/conclave__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: conclave
trans_list: конклав
sense:
(Roman Catholic) The set of apartments in which the elector cardinals are secluded while a conclave takes place.


lexentry: eng/conclusion__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: conclusion
trans_list: умозаключе́ние | вывод
sense:
(logic) In an argument or syllogism, the proposition that follows as a necessary consequence of the premises.


lexentry: eng/concordance__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: concordance
trans_list: конкорда́нс | конкорда́нция | симфо́ния
sense:
(Bible) An alphabetical verbal index showing the places in the text of a book where each principal word may be found, with its immediate context in each place.


lexentry: eng/concordat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: concordat
trans_list: конкорда́т
sense:
A formal agreement between two parties, especially between a church and a state; specifically, an agreement between the Pope and a government.


lexentry: eng/concourse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: concourse
trans_list: [[гла́вный]] [[вестибю́ль]] [[вокзал|вокза́ла]] | [[гла́вный]] зал [[вокзал|вокза́ла]] | конко́рс
sense:
A large open space in or in front of a building where people can gather, particularly one joining various paths, as in a rail station or airport terminal, or providing access to and linking the platforms in a railway terminus.


lexentry: eng/concrete__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: concrete
trans_list: бето́н | бетон
sense:
(countable, uncountable) A building material created by mixing cement, water, and aggregate such as gravel and sand.


lexentry: eng/concrete_jungle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: concrete jungle
trans_list: ка́менные джу́нгли
sense:
(idiomatic) An urban or other populated area containing a high density of buildings constructed of concrete or similar materials, especially one which lacks greenery and which seems unattractive, harsh, or unsafe.


lexentry: eng/concrete_verb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: concrete verb
trans_list: конкре́тный глаго́л | однонапра́вленный глаго́л
sense:
(Slavic grammar) A verbal aspect in verbs of motion that is unidirectional (as opposed to multidirectional), a definitely directed motion, or a single, completed action (instead of a repeated action or series of actions). Concrete verbs may be either imperfective or perfective.


lexentry: eng/concretization__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: concretization
trans_list: конкретиза́ция
sense:
(countable) Something specific which is the result of a process of concretizing a general principle or idea.


lexentry: eng/concretize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: concretize
trans_list: конкретизи́ровать
sense:
(transitive) To make concrete, substantial, real, or tangible; to represent or embody a concept through a particular instance or example.


lexentry: eng/concur__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: concur
trans_list: сходиться
sense:
To meet in the same point; to combine or conjoin; to contribute or help towards a common object or effect.


lexentry: eng/concurrency__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: concurrency
trans_list: одновременность
sense:
The property or an instance of being concurrent; something that happens at the same time as something else.


lexentry: eng/concurrency__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: concurrency
trans_list: одновременность
sense:
(computer science, by extension) A property of systems where several processes execute at the same time.


lexentry: eng/concurrent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: concurrent
trans_list: паралле́льный
sense:
(computing, of code) Designed to run independently, rather than sequentially, using various mechanisms, such as threads, event loops or time-slicing.


lexentry: eng/concussion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: concussion
trans_list: коммо́ция | сотрясе́ние
sense:
(uncountable, _, in, _, Commonwealth, countable, _) An injury to part of the body, most especially the brain, caused by a violent blow, followed by loss of function.


lexentry: eng/condemnation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: condemnation
trans_list: осужде́ние | порица́ние | пригово́р
sense:
The act of judicially condemning, or adjudging guilty, unfit for use, or forfeited; the act of dooming to punishment or forfeiture.


lexentry: eng/condensation__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: condensation
trans_list: конденса́ция
sense:
(chemistry) The reaction of two substances with the simultaneous loss of water or other small molecule.


lexentry: eng/condense__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: condense
trans_list: сгусти́ть | сгуща́ть
sense:
(transitive) To concentrate toward the essence by making more close, compact, or dense, thereby decreasing size or volume.


lexentry: eng/condenser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: condenser
trans_list: газоохлади́тель | конденса́тор | холоди́льник
sense:
A device designed to condense a gas into a liquid, either as part of a still, steam engine, refrigerator or similar machine.


lexentry: eng/condenser__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: condenser
trans_list: конде́нсор | конденса́тор
sense:
(optics) A lens (or combination of lenses) designed to gather light and focus it onto a specimen or part of a mechanism.


lexentry: eng/condescension__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: condescension
trans_list: благоволе́ние | ми́лость | снисходи́тельность | снисхожде́ние
sense:
The act of condescending; a manner of behaving in an outwardly polite way that nevertheless implies superiority to another; patronizing courtesy toward inferiors.


lexentry: eng/condition__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: condition
trans_list: усло́вие
sense:
A logical clause or phrase that a conditional statement uses. The phrase can either be true or false.


lexentry: eng/condition__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: condition
trans_list: усло́вие
sense:
(law) A clause in a contract or agreement indicating that a certain contingency may modify the principal obligation in some way.


lexentry: eng/conditional_probability__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conditional probability
trans_list: усло́вная вероя́тность
sense:
The probability that an event will take place given the restrictive assumption that another event has taken place, or that a combination of other events has taken place. (Mathematically, the definition would be that the conditional probability of B given A is equal to the joint probability of A and B divided by the probability of A.)


lexentry: eng/conditional_sentence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conditional sentence
trans_list: усло́вие
sense:
(grammar) A sentence discussing factual implications or hypothetical situations and their consequences. A full conditional sentence contains two clauses: the condition or protasis, and the consequence or apodosis.


lexentry: eng/condole__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: condole
trans_list: горевать | сокрушаться
sense:
(transitive, India, chiefly, _, obsolete, _, in other dialects) To lament, grieve, bemoan (something).


lexentry: eng/condolence__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: condolence
trans_list: соболе́знование | соболе́знования
sense:
(countable, usually, in the plural) An expression of comfort, support, or sympathy offered to the family and friends of somebody who has died.


lexentry: eng/condolences__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: condolences
trans_list: соболе́знования
sense:
comfort, support, or sympathy offered especially to the family and friends of somebody who has died.


lexentry: eng/condom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: condom
trans_list: гондо́н | кондо́м | презервати́в | резинка
sense:
A flexible sleeve made of latex or other impermeable material such as sheepskin, worn over an erect penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as a way to prevent the spread of STIs.


lexentry: eng/condominium__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: condominium
trans_list: кондоми́ниум
sense:
(US, Canada, Philippines) A building or complex of buildings that provides multiple residential units each of which is owned separately but whose grounds, structure, etc. (if any) are owned jointly. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/condone__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: condone
trans_list: проща́ть
sense:
(transitive) To forgive, excuse or overlook (something that is considered morally wrong, offensive, or generally disliked).


lexentry: eng/condone__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: condone
trans_list: допуска́ть | разреша́ть
sense:
(transitive) To allow, accept or permit (something that is considered morally wrong, offensive, or generally disliked).


lexentry: eng/condor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: condor
trans_list: ко́ндор
sense:
Either of two New World vultures, Vultur gryphus of the Andes or Gymnogyps californianus, a nearly extinct vulture of the mountains of California.


lexentry: eng/condor__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: condor
trans_list: ко́ндор
sense:
(golf) The completion of a hole four strokes under par (a quadruple birdie, triple eagle, or double albatross).


lexentry: eng/condottiere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: condottiere
trans_list: кондотьер
sense:
(historical) A mercenary military leader from 14th-century Italy and later in other parts of Europe.


lexentry: eng/conductance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conductance
trans_list: проводимость | электропроводность
sense:
(physics) A measure of the ability of a body to conduct electricity; the reciprocal of its resistance.


lexentry: eng/conductor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: conductor
trans_list: дирижёр
sense:
(musician) A person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble; a professional whose occupation is conducting.


lexentry: eng/cone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cone
trans_list: [[конический|кони́ческая]] [[пове́рхность]] | ко́нус | конус
sense:
(geometry) A surface of revolution formed by rotating a segment of a line around another line that intersects the first line.


lexentry: eng/cone_cell__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cone cell
trans_list: ко́лбочка
sense:
(anatomy) Any of the photoreceptor cells in the retina that are responsible for colour vision in relatively bright light.


lexentry: eng/coneflower__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coneflower
trans_list: эхинацея
sense:
Any of several similar flowering plants of tribe Heliantheae in order Asterales, in genera Dracopis, Echinacea, Rudbeckia, and Ratibida, that have a cone-shaped disk of florets.


lexentry: eng/confection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confection
trans_list: конфета | конди́терские изде́лия | сладость | сласть
sense:
A food item prepared very sweet, frequently decorated in fine detail, and often preserved with sugar, such as a candy, sweetmeat, fruit preserve, pastry, or cake.


lexentry: eng/confectioner__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confectioner
trans_list: кондитер
sense:
A manufacturer of or dealer in confections (sweets, candies, sweet pastries, and other sweet food items).


lexentry: eng/confectionery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confectionery
trans_list: конди́терские изде́лия | сла́дости
sense:
(uncountable) Foodstuffs that taste very sweet, taken as a group; candies, sweetmeats and confections collectively.


lexentry: eng/confectionery__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: confectionery
trans_list: конди́терская фа́брика
sense:
(uncountable) The business or occupation of manufacturing confectionery; the skill or work of a confectioner.


lexentry: eng/confederate__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: confederate
trans_list: подставное лицо́
sense:
(psychology) An actor who participates in a psychological experiment pretending to be a subject but in actuality working for the researcher.


lexentry: eng/conference__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: conference
trans_list: конфере́нция | съезд
sense:
(business) An event organized by a for-profit or non-profit organization to discuss a pressing issue, such as a new product, market trend or government regulation, with a range of speakers.


lexentry: eng/confess__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confess
trans_list: созна́ться | пока́яться | призна́ть | призна́ться
sense:
(intransitive, transitive) To admit to the truth, particularly in the context of sins or crimes committed.


lexentry: eng/confession__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: confession
trans_list: и́споведь | исповедь
sense:
A formula in which the articles of faith are comprised; a creed to be assented to or signed, as a preliminary to admission to membership of a church; a confession of faith.


lexentry: eng/confessional__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confessional
trans_list: исповеда́льня | исповедальня
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) A small room where confession—the Sacrament of Penance—is performed in private with a priest.


lexentry: eng/confetti__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confetti
trans_list: конфетти́
sense:
Small pieces or strips (streamers) of colored paper or other material (metal, plaster, etc) generally thrown about at festive occasions, especially at weddings and in victory celebrations.


lexentry: eng/confidence_interval__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confidence interval
trans_list: довери́тельный интерва́л
sense:
(statistics) A range defined such that there is a fixed probability that the value of the measured parameter will fall within the range.


lexentry: eng/confidential__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confidential
trans_list: довери́тельный | конфиденциа́льный | та́йный
sense:
Kept, or meant to be kept, secret within a certain circle of persons; not intended to be known publicly


lexentry: eng/confidential_informant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confidential informant
trans_list: доносчик
sense:
(law, law enforcement, criminology) An individual who secretly provides information to the police about wrongdoing which they are aware of due to the individual's relationship to the wrongdoer.


lexentry: eng/configuration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: configuration
trans_list: конфигура́ция
sense:
(countable, physics, chemistry) The arrangement of electrons in an atom, molecule, or other physical structure like a crystal.


lexentry: eng/configure__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: configure
trans_list: конфигури́ровать | сконфигури́ровать
sense:
(transitive) To set up or arrange something in such a way that it is ready for operation for a particular purpose, or to someone's particular liking


lexentry: eng/confine__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: confine
trans_list: ограни́чивать | ограни́чить
sense:
(transitive) To restrict (someone or something) to a particular scope or area; to keep in or within certain bounds. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/confirmation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: confirmation
trans_list: конфирма́ция | миропома́зание
sense:
A ceremony of sealing and conscious acknowledgement of the faith in many Christian churches, typically around the ages of 14 to 18; considered a sacrament in some churches, including Catholicism, but not in most Protestant churches.


lexentry: eng/confirmation_bias__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confirmation bias
trans_list: предвзятость подтверждения
sense:
(psychology) A cognitive bias towards confirmation of the hypothesis under study; a psychological tendency to look for and accept information which supports one's values and worldview and reject that which conflicts with it.


lexentry: eng/conflate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: conflate
trans_list: объединя́ть | путать | соединя́ть
sense:
(by extension) To fail to properly distinguish or keep separate (things); to mistakenly treat (them) as equivalent.


lexentry: eng/conflate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: conflate
trans_list: объединя́ть | соединя́ть
sense:
(by extension) To deliberately draw a false equivalence or association, typically in a tacit or implicit manner as propaganda and/or an intentional distortion or misrepresentation of the subject matter.


lexentry: eng/conflation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conflation
trans_list: объединение | слияние | соединение
sense:
(countable) A blowing or fusing together, as of many instruments in a concert, or of many fires in a foundry.


lexentry: eng/conflation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: conflation
trans_list: объединение | слияние | соединение
sense:
(uncountable) A blend or fusion, especially a composite reading or text formed by combining the material of two or more texts into a single text.


lexentry: eng/conflict_of_interest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conflict of interest
trans_list: конфли́кт интересов
sense:
(legal) A situation in which an individual or legal entity in a position of trust (such as an attorney, investment advisor, broker, politician, executive, director, scientist or physician) has competing professional or personal interests.


lexentry: eng/confluence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confluence
trans_list: слия́ние
sense:
The place where two rivers, streams, or other continuously flowing bodies of water meet and become one, especially where a tributary joins a river.


lexentry: eng/conform__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conform
trans_list: быть подобным | соотве́тствовать
sense:
(transitive, intransitive, often followed by to) To change to more closely match typical characteristics or behavior.


lexentry: eng/conform__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: conform
trans_list: подчиняться | согласова́ться | сообразовывать | сообразовываться | соотве́тствовать
sense:
(intransitive, of things or procedures) To be as required or recommended by a specification, regulation, or policy.


lexentry: eng/conformation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: conformation
trans_list: конформация
sense:
(physical chemistry) The spatial arrangement of a group of atoms in a molecule as a result of rotation about a covalent bond which remains unbroken.


lexentry: eng/confront__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confront
trans_list: противостоя́ть
sense:
(transitive) To stand or meet facing, especially in competition, hostility or defiance; to come face to face with


lexentry: eng/confrontational__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confrontational
trans_list: агрессивный
sense:
Pertaining to a confrontation; characterized by, or given to initiating hostile encounter; in-your-face.


lexentry: eng/confuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confuse
trans_list: запу́тать | пу́тать
sense:
(transitive) to puzzle, perplex, baffle, bewilder (somebody); to afflict by being complicated, contradictory, or otherwise difficult to understand


lexentry: eng/confute__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: confute
trans_list: опроверга́ть
sense:
(transitive, now, _, rare) To show (something or someone) to be false or wrong; to disprove or refute.


lexentry: eng/congeal__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: congeal
trans_list: замерза́ть | замёрзнуть | засты́ть | застыва́ть | затверде́ть | тверде́ть
sense:
(transitive) To change from a liquid to solid state, perhaps due to cold; called to freeze in nontechnical usage.


lexentry: eng/congee__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: congee
trans_list: ри́совая ка́ша | ри́совый отва́р | ри́совый суп
sense:
(Asian, _, cuisine) A type of thick rice porridge or soup, sometimes prepared with vegetables and/or meat.


lexentry: eng/conger_eel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conger eel
trans_list: ко́нгер | морско́й у́горь
sense:
Any of various large marine eels of the family Congridae, having no scales and found in temperate and tropical coastal waters.


lexentry: eng/congest__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: congest
trans_list: перепо́лнить | переполня́ть
sense:
To hinder or block the passage of something moving, for example a fluid, mixture, traffic, people, etc. (due to an excess of this or due to a partial or complete obstruction), resulting in overfilling or overcrowding.


lexentry: eng/congestion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: congestion
trans_list: затор
sense:
An excess of traffic; usually not a complete standstill of traffic, so usually not synonymous with traffic jam.


lexentry: eng/conglomerate__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: conglomerate
trans_list: конгломера́т
sense:
(business) A corporation formed by the combination of several smaller corporations whose activities are unrelated to the corporation's primary activity.


lexentry: eng/congregate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: congregate
trans_list: собира́ть
sense:
(transitive) To collect into an assembly or assemblage; to bring into one place, or into a united body.


lexentry: eng/congregation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: congregation
trans_list: конгрега́ция | па́ства | скопле́ние | собра́ние | схо́дка
sense:
A gathering of faithful in a temple, church, synagogue, mosque or other place of worship. It can also refer to the people who are present at a devotional service in the building, particularly in contrast to the pastor, minister, imam, rabbi etc. and/or choir, who may be seated apart from the general congregation or lead the service (notably in responsory form).


lexentry: eng/congress__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: congress
trans_list: конгре́сс | съезд
sense:
(often, capitalized) A legislative body of a state, originally the bicameral legislature of the United States of America.


lexentry: eng/congresswoman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A female member of congress.
written_rep: congresswoman
trans_list:
[[же́нщина]] - член [[конгресс|конгре́сса]] | [[же́нщина]]-[[конгрессме́н]] | конгрессву́мен | конгрессме́нка | конгрессме́нша


lexentry: eng/conic_section__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conic section
trans_list: кони́ческое сече́ние
sense:
(geometry) Any of the four distinct shapes that are the intersections of a cone with a plane, namely the circle, ellipse, parabola and hyperbola.


lexentry: eng/conifer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conifer
trans_list: хво́йное де́рево
sense:
(botany) A plant belonging to the order Coniferales; a cone-bearing seed plant with vascular tissue, usually a tree.


lexentry: eng/conjecture__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: conjecture
trans_list: предположе́ние
sense:
(mathematics, philology) A statement likely to be true based on available evidence, but which has not been formally proven.


lexentry: eng/conjugate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conjugate
trans_list: проспряга́ть | проспряга́ться | спряга́ть | спряга́ться
sense:
(grammar, transitive) To inflect (a verb) for each person, in order, for one or more tenses; to list or recite its principal parts.


lexentry: eng/conjugation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: conjugation
trans_list: спряже́ние | спряжение
sense:
(grammar) In some languages, one of several classifications of verbs according to what inflections they take.


lexentry: eng/conjugation__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: conjugation
trans_list: спряже́ние | спряжение
sense:
(grammar) The product of that act: the conjugated forms of a verb, collected into a list or recitation.


lexentry: eng/conjunction__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: conjunction
trans_list: сою́з | союз
sense:
(grammar) A word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences. The specific conjunction used shows how the two joined parts are related.


lexentry: eng/conjunction__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: conjunction
trans_list: конъю́нкция | союз
sense:
(astronomy) The alignment of two bodies in the solar system such that they have the same longitude when seen from Earth.


lexentry: eng/conjunction__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: conjunction
trans_list: конъю́нкция | союз
sense:
(logic) The proposition resulting from the combination of two or more propositions using the ∧ (\and) operator.


lexentry: eng/conjunctiva__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conjunctiva
trans_list: конъюнкти́ва | сли́зистая оболо́чка гла́за
sense:
(anatomy) A clear mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the exposed surface of the eyeball or sclera.


lexentry: eng/conk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conk
trans_list: трутовик
sense:
The shelf- or bracket-shaped fruiting body of a bracket fungus (also called a shelf fungus), i.e. a mushroom growing off a tree trunk.


lexentry: eng/conn__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conn
trans_list: вести́ | управля́ть
sense:
(transitive) To direct a ship; to superintend the steering of (a vessel); to watch the course of (a vessel) and direct the helmsman how to steer (especially through a channel, etc, rather than steer a compass direction).


lexentry: eng/connect__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: connect
trans_list: подключа́ть | подключи́ть | подсоедини́ть | подсоединя́ть | свя́зывать | связа́ть
sense:
(intransitive, of an object) To join (to another object): to attach, or to be intended to attach or capable of attaching, to another object.


lexentry: eng/connect__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: connect
trans_list: подключа́ть | подключи́ть | свя́зывать | связа́ть | соедини́ть | соединя́ть
sense:
(intransitive, of two objects) To join: to attach, or to be intended to attach or capable of attaching, to each other.


lexentry: eng/connect__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: connect
trans_list: подключа́ть | подключи́ть | подсоедини́ть | подсоединя́ть | свя́зывать | связа́ть
sense:
(transitive, of an object) To join (two other objects), or to join (one object) to (another object): to be a link between two objects, thereby attaching them to each other.


lexentry: eng/connected__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: connected
trans_list: связный
sense:
(mathematics, topology, of a topological space) That cannot be partitioned into two nonempty open sets.


lexentry: eng/connected__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: connected
trans_list: связный
sense:
(mathematics, graph theory, of a graph) Having a path, either directed or undirected, connecting every pair of vertices.


lexentry: eng/connection__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: connection
trans_list: переса́дка
sense:
(transport) A transfer from one transportation vehicle to another in scheduled transportation service.


lexentry: eng/connective_tissue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: connective tissue
trans_list: соедини́тельная ткань
sense:
(anatomy) A type of tissue found in animals whose main function is binding other tissue systems (such as muscle to skin) or organs and consists of the following three elements: cells, fibers and a ground substance (or extracellular matrix).


lexentry: eng/connectome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: connectome
trans_list: коннекто́м
sense:
(biology, neuroscience) The complete mapping of the structural links in an organism's neural circuitry.


lexentry: eng/connector__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: connector
trans_list: конне́ктор | соеди́нитель
sense:
A device (or, more precisely, a mating pair of devices, often a plug and a socket) for connecting together two wires, cables, or hoses, allowing electricity or fluid to flow but also allowing easy disconnection and reconnection when necessary.


lexentry: eng/conning_tower__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: conning tower
trans_list: боевая рубка
sense:
(nautical) A connecting structure between the bridge and pressure hull of a submarine; in larger, modern submarines it contains the captain's cabin and is known as the sail.


lexentry: eng/connive__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: connive
trans_list: потака́ть | потво́рствовать | сгова́риваться
sense:
(intransitive) To secretly cooperate with other people in order to commit a crime or other wrongdoing; to collude, to conspire. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/connoisseur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: connoisseur
trans_list: знато́к | цени́тель | цени́тельница
sense:
A specialist in a given field whose opinion is highly valued, especially in one of the fine arts or in matters of taste.


lexentry: eng/connotation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: connotation
trans_list: коннота́ция | подте́кст | созначе́ние
sense:
(semantics) A meaning of a word or phrase that is suggested or implied, as opposed to a denotation, or literal meaning. A characteristic of words or phrases, or of the contexts that words and phrases are used in.


lexentry: eng/conquest__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: conquest
trans_list: покоре́ние | преодоле́ние
sense:
(by extension, often, figuratively) An act or instance of gaining control of or mastery over something, overcoming obstacles.


lexentry: eng/conscience__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: conscience
trans_list: со́весть | совесть
sense:
(chiefly, fiction, narratology) A personification of the moral sense of right and wrong, usually in the form of a person, a being or merely a voice that gives moral lessons and advices.


lexentry: eng/conscience_vote__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conscience vote
trans_list: «[[го́лос]] [[совесть|со́вести]]»
sense:
(politics) A type of vote in a legislative body where legislators are allowed to vote according to their own personal conscience rather than according to an official line set down by their political party.


lexentry: eng/conscientious_objector__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conscientious objector
sense:
Someone who refuses to perform military service (for example to fight in an armed conflict, or be compulsorily drafted in a time of peace) because of religious or moral principles.

trans_list:
[[отказываться|отка́зывающийся]] от [[призыв|призы́ва]] в [[армия|а́рмию]] по [[убеждение|убежде́нию]] | отка́зник | отка́зница | отка́зчик | отка́зчица


lexentry: eng/consecutio_temporum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consecutio temporum
trans_list: согласова́ние времён
sense:
(linguistics, grammar) A set of grammatical rules of a particular language, governing the agreement between the tenses of verbs in related clauses or sentences; agreement between tenses of verbs in accordance with said set of rules.


lexentry: eng/consecutive_interpreting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consecutive interpreting
trans_list: после́довательный перево́д
sense:
(translation studies) A type of oral translation from one language into another which is produced after a person has finished speaking and typically with the aid of notetaking.


lexentry: eng/consensus__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: consensus
trans_list: единоду́шие | консе́нсус | согла́сие
sense:
General agreement among the members of a given group or community, each of which exercises some discretion in decision-making and follow-up action.


lexentry: eng/consequent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consequent
sense:
(logic) The second half of a hypothetical proposition; Q, if the form of the proposition is "If P, then Q."

trans_list:
[[второй|втора́я]] часть [[условный|усло́вного]] [[предложение|предложе́ния]] | [[правый|пра́вая]] часть [[условный|усло́вного]] [[высказывание|выска́зывания]] | сле́дствие


lexentry: eng/conservation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conservation
trans_list: консерва́ция | сохране́ние
sense:
The act of preserving, guarding, or protecting; the keeping (of a thing) in a safe or entire state; preservation.


lexentry: eng/conservation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: conservation
trans_list: охра́на приро́ды
sense:
(biology) The discipline concerned with protection of biodiversity, the environment, and natural resources


lexentry: eng/conservation_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: conservation law
trans_list: закон сохранения
sense:
(physics) Any of several laws that hold that some physical property remains constant in a closed system regardless of other changes that take place.


lexentry: eng/conservative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: conservative
trans_list: консервати́вный | консервативный
sense:
(US, Canada, economics, politics, social sciences) Supporting some combination of fiscal, political or social conservatism.


lexentry: eng/conservative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: conservative
trans_list: республика́нский
sense:
(linguistics) Having few changes relative to an older form, especially in comparison to related varieties.


lexentry: eng/conservative__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conservative
trans_list: консерва́тор | консервативный
sense:
(US, Canada, politics) A person who favors decentralization of political power and disfavors interventionist foreign policy.


lexentry: eng/conservator__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: conservator
trans_list: ресторатор
sense:
A professional who works on the conservation and restoration of objects, particularly artistic objects.


lexentry: eng/considerate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: considerate
trans_list: проду́манный
sense:
Consciously thoughtful and observant (often of other people and their rights, needs, feelings and comfort).


lexentry: eng/consideration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consideration
trans_list: рассмотре́ние | обсужде́ние | размышле́ние
sense:
The thought process of considering, of taking multiple or specified factors into account (with of being the main corresponding adposition).


lexentry: eng/consideration__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: consideration
trans_list: возмеще́ние | компенса́ция
sense:
(law) A matter of inducement for something promised; something valuable given as recompense for a promise, which causes the promise to become binding as a contract.


lexentry: eng/consist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consist
trans_list: соста́в
sense:
(rail transport) A lineup or sequence of railroad carriages or cars, with or without a locomotive, that form a unit.


lexentry: eng/consistence__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: consistence
trans_list: консистенция
sense:
(archaic) The physical quality which is given by the degree of density, firmness, solidity, and viscosity; consistency.


lexentry: eng/consistent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consistent
trans_list: после́довательный
sense:
Of a regularly occurring, dependable nature. [from late 16th c. in the obsolete sense ‘consisting of’]


lexentry: eng/console__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: console
trans_list: пульт
sense:
An instrument with displays and an input device that is used to monitor and control an electronic system.


lexentry: eng/consommé__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consommé
trans_list: консоме́
sense:
a clear broth made from reduced meat or vegetable stock, served either hot as a soup or chilled as a jelly


lexentry: eng/consonant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consonant
trans_list: согла́сный | согласный звук
sense:
(phonetics) A sound that results from the passage of air through restrictions of the oral cavity; any sound that is not the dominant sound of a syllable, the dominant sound generally being a vowel.


lexentry: eng/consortium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consortium
trans_list: консо́рциум | консорциум
sense:
An association or combination of businesses, financial institutions, or investors, for the purpose of engaging in a joint venture.


lexentry: eng/conspicuous_consumption__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conspicuous consumption
trans_list: демонстрати́вное потребле́ние
sense:
A public display of acquisition of possessions with the intention of gaining social prestige; excessive consumerism in order to flaunt one's purchasing power.


lexentry: eng/conspire__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conspire
trans_list: замышля́ть | сгова́риваться | сговори́ться
sense:
(intransitive) To secretly plot or make plans together, often with the intention to bring bad or illegal results; to collude, to connive, to plot.


lexentry: eng/constable__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: constable
trans_list: коннетабль | консте́бль
sense:
(historical) An officer of a noble court in the Middle Ages, usually a senior army commander. (See also marshal).


lexentry: eng/constancy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: constancy
trans_list: постоя́нство
sense:
(uncountable) The quality of being constant; steadiness or faithfulness in action, affections, purpose, etc.


lexentry: eng/constant__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: constant
trans_list: постоя́нная
sense:
(science) Any property of an experiment, determined numerically, that does not change under given circumstances.


lexentry: eng/constellation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: constellation
trans_list: созве́здие | созвездие
sense:
(astronomy) An arbitrary formation of stars perceived as a figure (especially one from mythology) or pattern, or a division of the sky including it, especially one officially recognized by astronomers; an asterism.


lexentry: eng/constellation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: constellation
trans_list: созве́здие | созвездие
sense:
(modern, _, astronomy) Any of the 88 regions of the sky officially recognized by the International Astronomical Union, including all stars and celestial bodies in the region. [from 1920s]


lexentry: eng/consternation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consternation
trans_list: испу́г | оцепене́ние | у́жас
sense:
Amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and incapacitates for reflection; terror, combined with amazement; dismay.


lexentry: eng/constipation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: constipation
trans_list: запо́р | констипа́ция
sense:
A state of the bowels in which the evacuations are infrequent and difficult, or the intestines become filled with hardened faeces


lexentry: eng/constipation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: constipation
trans_list: запо́р | констипа́ция
sense:
The act of crowding anything into a lesser space, or the state of being crowded or pressed together; condensation.


lexentry: eng/constituent__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: constituent
trans_list: избира́тель
sense:
A resident of an area represented by an elected official, particularly in relation to that official.


lexentry: eng/constitution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: constitution
trans_list: устро́йство | конституция
sense:
The act, or process of setting something up, or establishing something; the composition or structure of such a thing; its makeup.


lexentry: eng/constitution__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: constitution
trans_list: конститу́ция | основно́й зако́н | конституция
sense:
(government) The formal or informal system of primary principles and laws that regulates a government or other institutions.


lexentry: eng/constitutional_court__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: constitutional court
trans_list: конституционный суд
sense:
a high court whose jurisdiction is focused on constitutional law or constitutional issues, such as the review of the constitutionality of laws, draft laws, political and bureaucratic decisions, acts of political parties, etc.


lexentry: eng/constitutional_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: constitutional law
trans_list: конституционное право
sense:
(legal) The area of law which deals with the interpretation and application of a constitution, particularly that of a national government.


lexentry: eng/constitutionality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: constitutionality
trans_list: конституцио́нность
sense:
(legal) The status of being constitutional; of being in accord with the provisions of the appropriate constitution.


lexentry: eng/construct__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: construct
trans_list: постро́ить | стро́ить
sense:
(transitive, geometry) To draw (a geometric figure) by following precise specifications and using geometric tools and techniques.


lexentry: eng/construct_state__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: construct state
trans_list: ида́фа | изафе́т | смихут
sense:
(grammar) A noun form associated especially with Afroasiatic languages, but occurring also in Iranian and others; used in construing a nominal with another, particularly for the object of a genitive.


lexentry: eng/constructed_language__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: constructed language
trans_list: иску́сственный язы́к
sense:
Any language—whether a human language, a programming language, or markup language—that is not a natural language.


lexentry: eng/construction_site__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: construction site
trans_list: стро́йка | [[строи́тельная]] [[площа́дка]] | стройплоща́дка
sense:
A place where a building or other physical structure is under construction. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/constructivism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: constructivism
trans_list: конструктивизм
sense:
(arts) A Russian movement in modern art characterized by the creation of nonrepresentational geometric objects using industrial materials.


lexentry: eng/constructor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: constructor
trans_list: констру́ктор | строи́тель
sense:
(automotive) A company or individual who builds racing vehicles. In Formula One, constructor status is strictly defined by the rules, but in other motorsports the term is merely a descriptor. Depending on the racing rules, some constructors (e.g. Cosworth) may provide vehicles to racing teams who are not themselves constructors, while others are both teams and constructors (Ducati Corse, Scuderia Ferrari).


lexentry: eng/constructor__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: constructor
trans_list: констру́ктор
sense:
(object-oriented programming) A class method that creates and initializes each instance of an object.


lexentry: eng/construe__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: construe
trans_list: истолковывать | толкова́ть
sense:
(transitive) To interpret (something) to another or publicly, explain the meaning (of something), usually language.


lexentry: eng/consul-general__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consul-general
trans_list: [[генера́льный]] [[ко́нсул]] | генко́нсул
sense:
A consular officer who heads a consulate general, and is a consul of the highest rank serving at a particular location.


lexentry: eng/consul__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consul
trans_list: ко́нсул
sense:
(historical) Either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires.


lexentry: eng/consul__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: consul
trans_list: ко́нсул | консул
sense:
(by extension) An official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of their country.


lexentry: eng/consulate_general__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consulate general
trans_list: генера́льное ко́нсульство | генко́нсульство
sense:
The residence, office, or jurisdiction of a consul general; the base of operations for the highest ranking consul for one nationality in a specific foreign country.


lexentry: eng/consult__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consult
trans_list: консульти́ровать | консульти́роваться | обсуди́ть | обсужда́ть | советовать | совеща́ться
sense:
(intransitive) To seek the opinion or advice of another; to take counsel; to deliberate together; to confer; to advise.


lexentry: eng/consultant__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: consultant
trans_list: консульта́нт | консульта́нтка
sense:
A person whose occupation is to be consulted for their expertise, advice, service or help in an area or specialty; a party whose business is to be similarly consulted.


lexentry: eng/consumer_credit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consumer credit
trans_list: потреби́тельский креди́т
sense:
(banking, economics) Credit extended to an individual for the purchase of consumer goods and services.


lexentry: eng/consumer_price_index__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: consumer price index
trans_list: и́ндекс потреби́тельских цен
sense:
(economics) A statistical estimate of the level of prices of goods and services bought for consumption purposes by households.


lexentry: eng/contact_details__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contact details
trans_list: конта́ктная информа́ция | конта́ктные да́нные | координата
sense:
Information on how to contact a person or entity, typically including a telephone number, address etc.


lexentry: eng/contact_lens__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contact lens
trans_list: конта́ктная ли́нза | ли́нза
sense:
A thin lens, made of flexible or rigid plastic, that is placed directly on to the eye to correct vision, used as an alternative to spectacles, or, if coloured, to change one's eye color cosmetically.


lexentry: eng/contact_sport__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contact sport
trans_list: конта́ктный вид спо́рта
sense:
(sports) An athletic contest which involves a significant amount of physical contact between the participating athletes.


lexentry: eng/contagion__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: contagion
trans_list: инфе́кция | зара́за | зара́зная боле́знь
sense:
(finance) The spread of (initially small) shocks, which initially affect only a few financial institutions or a particular region of an economy, to other financial sectors and other countries whose economies were previously healthy.


lexentry: eng/container_deposit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: container deposit
trans_list: зало́г
sense:
A monetary deposit on a beverage or other container at the point of sale, refundable when the container is returned for reuse, recycling or proper disposal.


lexentry: eng/container_ship__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: container ship
trans_list: контейнерово́з
sense:
(watercraft) A cargo vessel designed to carry cargo prepacked into containers, especially shipping containers.


lexentry: eng/containment__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: containment
trans_list: сде́рживание
sense:
(uncountable, countable) A policy of checking the expansion of a hostile foreign power by creating alliances with other states; especially the foreign policy strategy of the United States in the early years of the Cold War.


lexentry: eng/contamination__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: contamination
trans_list: загрязне́ние
sense:
The process of making a material or surface unclean or unsuited for its intended purpose, usually by the addition or attachment of undesirable foreign substances.


lexentry: eng/contemplate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contemplate
trans_list: размышля́ть
sense:
To look at on all sides or in all its aspects; to view or consider with continued attention; to regard with deliberate care; to meditate on; to study, ponder, or consider.


lexentry: eng/contempt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contempt
trans_list: презре́ние | бесче́стие | позо́р | пренебреже́ние
sense:
(uncountable) The state or act of contemning; the feeling or attitude of regarding someone or something as inferior, base, or worthless; scorn, disdain.


lexentry: eng/contempt__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: contempt
trans_list: неуваже́ние
sense:
(legal) Open disrespect or willful disobedience of the authority of a court of law or legislative body.


lexentry: eng/contempt_of_court__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: contempt of court
trans_list: неуваже́ние к суду́
sense:
(legal, countable) A particular act of open disrespect for or willful disobedience of the authority of a court of law.


lexentry: eng/content__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: content
trans_list: конте́нт | содержа́ние | су́щность
sense:
Subject matter; semantic information (or a portion or body thereof); that which is contained in writing, speech, video, etc.


lexentry: eng/content__Noun__2
sense_num: 06
written_rep: content
trans_list: вмести́мость | содержание
sense:
(algebra, ring theory, of a polynomial with coefficients in a GCD domain) The greatest common divisor of the coefficients; (of a polynomial with coefficients in an integral domain) the common factor of the coefficients which, when removed, leaves the adjusted coefficients with no common factor that is noninvertible.


lexentry: eng/contention__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: contention
trans_list: пози́ция
sense:
A point maintained in an argument, or a line of argument taken in its support; the subject matter of discussion of strife; a position taken or contended for.


lexentry: eng/contents_insurance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contents insurance
trans_list: страхова́ние дома́шнего иму́щества
sense:
Insurance that pays for damage to, or loss of, an individual’s personal possessions whilst they are located within that individual’s home.


lexentry: eng/context__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: context
trans_list: конте́кст | обстано́вка | ситуа́ция
sense:
The surroundings, circumstances, environment, background or settings that determine, specify, or clarify the meaning of an event or other occurrence.


lexentry: eng/contextual__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contextual
trans_list: контекстный | контекстовый | контекстуальный
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or depending on the context of information; relating to the situation or location in which the information was found.


lexentry: eng/contiguity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contiguity
trans_list: соприкосновение
sense:
A state in which two or more physical objects are physically touching one another or in which sections of a plane border on one another.


lexentry: eng/continent__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: continent
trans_list: контине́нт | матери́к | континент | материк
sense:
Each of the traditional main regions into which the Earth’s land surface is divided, including both an extent of mainland and various conventionally associated islands, etc; namely, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australasia/Oceania, North America, South America, and Antarctica.


lexentry: eng/contingency__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: contingency
trans_list: случа́йность
sense:
(countable) A possibility; something which may or may not happen. A chance occurrence, especially in finance, unexpected expenses. [from 1610s]


lexentry: eng/contingency_plan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contingency plan
trans_list: [[запасно́й]] [[вариа́нт]] | [[запасно́й]] план | [[чрезвыча́йный]] план | план Б
sense:
An alternative plan to be put into operation if needed, especially in case of emergencies, or if a primary plan fails.


lexentry: eng/continuity__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: continuity
trans_list: неразры́вность | непрерывность
sense:
(narratology) A narrative device in episodic fiction where previous and/or future events in a series of stories are accounted for in present stories.


lexentry: eng/continuous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: continuous
trans_list: длительны́й
sense:
(analysis, of a function) Such that, for every x in the domain, for each small open interval D about f(x), there's an interval containing x whose image is in D.


lexentry: eng/continuous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: continuous
trans_list: длительны́й | непреры́вный
sense:
(mathematics, more generally, of a function between two topological spaces) Such that each open set in the target space has an open preimage (in the domain space, with respect to the given function).


lexentry: eng/continuum__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: continuum
trans_list: конти́нуум | континуум
sense:
(mathematics) The nondenumerable set of real numbers; more generally, any compact connected metric space.


lexentry: eng/contour__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: contour
trans_list: а́брис | изоли́ния | ко́нтур | очерта́ние
sense:
A line on a map or chart delineating those points which have the same altitude or other plotted quantity: a contour line or isopleth; (metonymically) the landform or its surface.


lexentry: eng/contrabassoon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contrabassoon
trans_list: контрафаго́т
sense:
(musical instruments) A larger version of the bassoon sounding one octave lower, having a technique similar to the bassoon but offers more resistance in every way.


lexentry: eng/contraceptive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contraceptive
trans_list: контрацепти́в | противозача́точное | противозача́точное сре́дство
sense:
A mechanism or means by which conception as a result of sexual intercourse can be prevented or made less likely.


lexentry: eng/contract__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contract
trans_list: контра́кт
sense:
An agreement between two or more parties, to perform a specific job or work order, often temporary or of fixed duration and usually governed by a written agreement.


lexentry: eng/contract__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: contract
trans_list: контра́кт | до́говор | догово́р
sense:
(legal) An agreement which the law will enforce in some way. A legally binding contract must contain at least one promise, i.e., a commitment or offer, by an offeror to and accepted by an offeree to do something in the future. A contract is thus executory rather than executed.


lexentry: eng/contract_of_sale__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contract of sale
trans_list: торговое соглашение
sense:
(legal) A contract that involves an exchange of goods, services or property to be exchanged from seller (or vendor) to buyer (or purchaser) for an agreed upon value in money (or money equivalent) paid or the promise to pay same.


lexentry: eng/contraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: contraction
trans_list: сжа́тие | сокраще́ние
sense:
(biology, medicine) A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth.


lexentry: eng/contraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: contraction
trans_list: сокраще́ние | стяже́ние
sense:
(orthography) In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark.


lexentry: eng/contraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: contraction
trans_list: сжа́тие | сокраще́ние
sense:
A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.


lexentry: eng/contractor__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: contractor
trans_list: подря́дчик | подря́дчица
sense:
A person or company hired to maintain existing facilities like air conditioning systems, groundskeeping, etc.


lexentry: eng/contradiction__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: contradiction
trans_list: противоре́чие | противоречие
sense:
(countable) A statement that contradicts itself, i.e., a statement that claims that the same thing is true and that it is false at the same time and in the same senses of the terms.


lexentry: eng/contradiction__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: contradiction
trans_list: противоречие
sense:
(logic, countable) A proposition that is false for all values of its propositional variables or Boolean atoms.


lexentry: eng/contradiction_in_terms__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contradiction in terms
trans_list: [[логический|логи́ческая]] [[несообра́зность]] | противоре́чие
sense:
A phrase or expression in which the component words contradict one another, often unintentionally, or are claimed to do so when seen from a particular point of view.


lexentry: eng/contrail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contrail
trans_list: конденсационный след
sense:
An artificial cloud made by the exhaust of jet aircraft or wingtip vortices that precipitate a stream of tiny ice crystals in moist, frigid upper air.


lexentry: eng/contraindication__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contraindication
trans_list: противопоказа́ние
sense:
(medicine) A factor or symptom which makes a certain treatment inadvisable, generally or individually.


lexentry: eng/contralto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contralto
trans_list: контра́льто
sense:
(music) The lowest female voice or voice part, falling between tenor and mezzo-soprano. The terms contralto and alto refer to a similar musical pitch, but among singers, the term contralto is reserved for female singers; the equivalent male form is counter-tenor. Originally the contratenor altus was a high countermelody sung against the tenor or main melody.


lexentry: eng/contraposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contraposition
trans_list: контрапози́ция
sense:
(countable, logic) The statement of the form "if not Q then not P", given the statement "if P then Q".


lexentry: eng/contrast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contrast
trans_list: контра́ст | контраст
sense:
(countable) A difference in lightness, brightness and/or hue between two colours that makes them more or less distinguishable.


lexentry: eng/contrast__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contrast
trans_list: противопоста́вить | противопоставля́ть
sense:
(transitive) To set in opposition in order to show the difference or differences between; to counterpoint.


lexentry: eng/contrasty__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contrasty
trans_list: контрастный
sense:
(photography, television) Having great contrast between light and dark areas (of a subject or photograph).


lexentry: eng/contravariant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contravariant
trans_list: контравариантный
sense:
(category theory, of a functor) Which reverses the order of morphism composition: formally, which associates each morphism f:X \to Y to a morphism F(f):F(Y) \to F(X).


lexentry: eng/contravention__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contravention
trans_list: наруше́ние
sense:
The act of contravening a rule, regulation, or law, or of not fulfilling an obligation, promise, or agreement.


lexentry: eng/control_character__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: control character
trans_list: управля́ющий си́мвол
sense:
(computing) A character which does not have a direct visual appearance as a glyph, but rather causes some other action to occur, such as a transition to a new line.


lexentry: eng/control_group__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: control group
trans_list: контро́льная гру́ппа
sense:
(in an experiment) The group of test subjects left untreated or unexposed to some procedure and then compared with treated subjects in order to validate the results of the test.


lexentry: eng/control_key__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: control key
trans_list: [[кла́виша]] [[контро́ль]] | контро́ль
sense:
(computing, computer hardware) A key on a personal computer or terminal keyboard used in combination to modify the function of other keys; normally labelled "Ctrl".


lexentry: eng/control_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: control theory
trans_list: тео́рия управле́ния
sense:
An interdisciplinary branch of engineering and mathematics, dealing with the control of the behavior of dynamical systems.


lexentry: eng/control_tower__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: control tower
trans_list: кома́ндно-диспе́тчерский пу́нкт
sense:
(aviation) An airport building from which the air traffic control unit monitors and directs the movement of aircraft on and around the airport.


lexentry: eng/controller__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: controller
trans_list: контро́ллер
sense:
(business) The chief accounting officer which audits, and manages the financial affairs of a company or government; a comptroller.


lexentry: eng/controller__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: controller
trans_list: контро́ллер
sense:
(computer hardware) A mechanism that controls or regulates the operation of a machine, especially a peripheral device in a computer.


lexentry: eng/contumelious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: contumelious
trans_list: де́рзкий | оскорби́тельный
sense:
(archaic, literary) Rudely contemptuous; showing contumely; exhibiting an insolent or disdainful attitude.


lexentry: eng/convection__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: convection
trans_list: конве́кция
sense:
(meteorology) The vertical movement of heat and moisture, especially by updrafts and downdrafts in an unstable air mass. The terms convection and thunderstorm are often used interchangeably, although thunderstorms are only one form of convection. Towering cumulus clouds are visible forms of convection.


lexentry: eng/convenience_store__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: convenience store
sense:
A small retail store, often in a residential area, that carries a limited selection of items such as staples, junk food, and drugstore items, and which is open long hours for the convenience of shoppers.

trans_list:
вече́рний магази́н | дежу́рный магази́н | круглосу́точный магази́н | мини-суперма́ркет | минима́ркет | ночно́й магази́н


lexentry: eng/convent__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: convent
trans_list: конве́нт | слёт | съезд
sense:
A gathering of people lasting several days for the purpose of discussing or working on topics previously selected.


lexentry: eng/convention__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: convention
trans_list: догово́р | конве́нция | соглаше́ние | усло́вность
sense:
A practice or procedure widely observed in a group, especially to facilitate social interaction; a custom.


lexentry: eng/conversation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conversation
trans_list: разгово́р | бесе́да
sense:
Expression and exchange of individual ideas through talking with other people; also, a set instance or occasion of such talking. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/conversion__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: conversion
trans_list: конве́рсия | обраще́ние | превраще́ние
sense:
(law) Under the common law, the tort of the taking of someone's personal property with intent to permanently deprive them of it, or damaging property to the extent that the owner is deprived of the utility of that property, thus making the tortfeasor liable for the entire value of the property.


lexentry: eng/convert__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: convert
trans_list: обрати́ть | обраща́ть
sense:
(transitive) To induce (someone) to adopt a particular religion, faith, ideology or belief (see also sense 11).


lexentry: eng/convert__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: convert
trans_list: конверти́ровать
sense:
(transitive) To express (a unit of measurement) in terms of another; to furnish a mathematical formula by which a quantity, expressed in the former unit, may be given in the latter.


lexentry: eng/convertible__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: convertible
trans_list: кабриоле́т | кабриолет
sense:
(vehicles) A convertible car: a car with a removable or foldable roof able to convert from a closed to open vehicle and back again.


lexentry: eng/conveyor__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: conveyor
trans_list: конве́йер
sense:
A mechanical arrangement for transporting material or objects, generally over short or moderate distances, as from one part of a building to another.


lexentry: eng/conveyor_belt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: conveyor belt
trans_list: [[ле́нточный]] [[конве́йер]] | [[ле́нточный]] транспортёр | конве́йер
sense:
A continuous flexible band moved by a series of rollers to transport objects or material from one place to another, especially within a factory or mine.


lexentry: eng/convict__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
sense: (chiefly, religion) To convince, persuade; to cause (someone) to believe in (something).
written_rep: convict
trans_list:
[[призна́ть]] [[виновный|вино́вным]] | [[признава́ть]] [[виновный|вино́вным]] | осуди́ть | осужда́ть | пригова́ривать | приговори́ть


lexentry: eng/convince__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: convince
trans_list: убежда́ть | убеди́ть
sense:
To make someone believe, or feel sure about something, especially by using logic, argument or evidence.


lexentry: eng/convocation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: convocation
trans_list: сино́д
sense:
(ecclesiastical) An assembly of the clergy, by their representatives, to consult on ecclesiastical affairs.


lexentry: eng/convolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: convolution
trans_list: свёртка
sense:
(mathematics, functional analysis) A mathematical operation on two functions that produces a third that expresses how the shape of one is modified by the other; the integral of the product of the two functions after one is reflected about the y-axis and shifted along the x-axis.


lexentry: eng/convolvulus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: convolvulus
trans_list: вьюно́к
sense:
(botany) Any of several plants, of the genus Convolvulus, found in temperate climates, having small trumpet-shaped flowers.


lexentry: eng/convoy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: convoy
trans_list: конво́й | конвой
sense:
(nautical) One or more merchant ships sailing in company to the same general destination under the protection of naval vessels.


lexentry: eng/convulse__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: convulse
trans_list: подорвать
sense:
(intransitive) To suffer violent involuntary contractions of the muscles, causing one's body to contort.


lexentry: eng/cony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cony
trans_list: кро́лик
sense:
A rabbit, especially the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (formerly known as Lepus cuniculus).


lexentry: eng/coo-coo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coo-coo
trans_list: ку-ку
sense:
The two-note vocalisation made by the male of the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), or imitation of this by a cuckoo clock.


lexentry: eng/cook_the_books__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (idiomatic) To manipulate accounting information, especially illegally.
written_rep: cook the books
trans_list:
[[сфальсифици́ровать]] [[финансовый|фина́нсовую]] отчётность | [[фальсифици́ровать]] [[финансовый|фина́нсовую]] отчётность


lexentry: eng/cookie-cutter__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cookie-cutter
trans_list: шаблонный
sense:
(figuratively, often, pejorative) Having a similar appearance or seeming identical; created by some standard or common means, often with the implication that the result is common, boring, or not applicable to all needs.


lexentry: eng/cookie__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cookie
trans_list: пече́нье
sense:
(UK, Commonwealth) A sweet baked good (as in the previous sense) usually having chocolate chips, fruit, nuts, etc. baked into it.


lexentry: eng/cooking_oil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cooking oil
trans_list: ма́сло для жа́рки
sense:
A purified fat taken from plant material that is commonly used in cooking, e.g. olive oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, etc.


lexentry: eng/cool__Adjective__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: cool
trans_list: клёвый | кла́ссный | круто́й | потря́сный | потряса́ющий
sense:
(informal, of a person) Knowing what to do and how to behave; behaving with effortless and enviable style and panache; considered popular by others.


lexentry: eng/cool__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cool
trans_list: прохла́да
sense:
A moderate or refreshing state of cold; moderate temperature of the air between hot and cold; coolness.


lexentry: eng/coolie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coolie
trans_list: ку́ли | чернома́зый | чу́рка
sense:
An unskilled Asian worker, usually of Chinese or Indian descent; a labourer; a porter. Coolies were frequently transported to other countries in the 19th and early 20th centuries as indentured labourers.


lexentry: eng/cooling_tower__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cooling tower
trans_list: гради́рня | ба́шенный охлади́тель | охлади́тельная ба́шня
sense:
A large device, in the form of a tower-shaped building, in which warm water is cooled by evaporation caused by circulating currents of air


lexentry: eng/cooper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cooper
trans_list: бо́ндарь | боча́р | бонда́рь
sense:
A craftsman who makes and repairs barrels and similar wooden vessels such as casks, buckets and tubs.


lexentry: eng/coordinate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coordinate
trans_list: координа́та
sense:
(mathematics, cartography, astronomy) A number representing the position of a point along a line, arc, or similar one-dimensional figure.


lexentry: eng/coordinate_axis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coordinate axis
trans_list: коодина́тная ось
sense:
(mathematics, geometry) One of the lines in the coordinate system that represents one of the dimensions.


lexentry: eng/coordinate_clause__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coordinate clause
trans_list: гла́вное предложе́ние
sense:
(grammar) A clause that can stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence and contains at least a subject and a verb.


lexentry: eng/coordinate_system__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coordinate system
trans_list: систе́ма координа́т
sense:
(geometry, analysis) A method of representing the position of any individual point in a space of given dimensionality as a tuple of numerical coordinates.


lexentry: eng/coordinate_term__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coordinate term
trans_list: согипоним
sense:
(semantics) A term (word or noun phrase) that shares a hypernym (or hypernymic noun phrase) with another: that is, one that names another type (kind) within the same class.


lexentry: eng/coordinating_conjunction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coordinating conjunction
trans_list: сочини́тельный сою́з
sense:
(grammar) A conjunction that joins two grammatical elements of the same status or construction. It can join subjects, objects, verbs, nouns, adjectives, phrases, and independent clauses. [from 1875–80]


lexentry: eng/coot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coot
trans_list: лы́ска | лысу́ха | лысуха
sense:
Any of various aquatic birds of the genus Fulica that are mainly black with a prominent frontal shield on the forehead.


lexentry: eng/cootie_catcher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cootie catcher
trans_list: блоха
sense:
(informal, US) A form of origami with hidden fortunes, activities, etc. written on the folds, and used mainly in children's games, where a person is asked to choose a fold to open.


lexentry: eng/cop-out__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cop-out
trans_list: отгово́рка
sense:
(slang) An excuse made in order to avoid performing a task or duty; a reason offered when someone cops out.


lexentry: eng/cop__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cop
trans_list: схвати́ть
sense:
(transitive) To (be forced to) take; to receive; to shoulder; to bear, especially blame or punishment for a particular instance of wrongdoing.


lexentry: eng/cop_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cop out
trans_list: отверте́ться | уви́ливать | увильну́ть | уклони́ться | уклоня́ться
sense:
(idiomatic) To avoid or shirk, either by failing to perform, or by performing in a grossly insufficient, negligent, or superficial manner.


lexentry: eng/copper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: copper
trans_list: медь | ку́прум
sense:
(uncountable) A reddish-brown, malleable, ductile metallic element with high electrical and thermal conductivity, symbol Cu, and atomic number 29.


lexentry: eng/copper__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: copper
trans_list: [[ме́дный]] [[горшо́к]] | [[ме́дный]] [[котело́к]]
sense:
(UK, AU, dated) A large pot, often used for heating water or washing clothes over a fire. In Australasia at least, it could also be a fixed installation made of copper, with a fire underneath and its own chimney. Generally made redundant by the advent of the washing machine.


lexentry: eng/copper__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: copper
trans_list: медь | [[медный|ме́дное]] [[изде́лие]] | [[цвет|цве́та]] [[медь|ме́ди]] | ме́дно-кра́сный
sense:
(countable, dated) Any of various specialized items that are made of copper, where the use of copper is either traditional or vital to the function of the item.


lexentry: eng/copper_shark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: copper shark
trans_list: узкозубая акула
sense:
Carcharhinus brachyurus, a species of requiem shark characterized by its narrow, hook-shaped upper teeth, lack of a prominent ridge between the dorsal fins, and plain bronze coloration.


lexentry: eng/copper_sulfate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: copper sulfate
trans_list: ме́дный купоро́с | сульфа́т ме́ди
sense:
(inorganic compound) the common name for copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4, which forms blue crystals and is used in agriculture, dyeing, electroplating and many other applications; reducing agents reduce it to the red cuprous sulfate


lexentry: eng/copper_sulfide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: copper sulfide
trans_list: сульфи́д ме́ди
sense:
(mineral, inorganic compound) A family of chemical compounds and minerals with the chemical formula CuxSy.


lexentry: eng/coppice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coppice
trans_list: лесо́к | ро́щица
sense:
A grove of small growth; a thicket of brushwood; a wood cut at certain times for fuel or other purposes, typically managed to promote growth and ensure a reliable supply of timber. See copse.


lexentry: eng/coprime__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coprime
trans_list: взаи́мно просто́й | взаи́мно просты́е
sense:
(number theory, of two or more positive integers) Having no positive integer factors in common, aside from 1.


lexentry: eng/coprime__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coprime
trans_list: взаи́мно просто́й | взаи́мно просты́е
sense:
(number theory, of a positive integer) Having no positive integer factors, aside from 1, in common with one or more specified other positive integers.


lexentry: eng/coprocessor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coprocessor
trans_list: сопроцессор
sense:
(computer hardware) An additional microprocessor used to supplement the functionality of the central processing unit, performing tasks such as floating-point arithmetic (floating-point unit) or graphics calculations (graphics processing unit).


lexentry: eng/coprolalia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coprolalia
trans_list: копролали́я
sense:
(psychiatry) The uncontrolled use of abusive, obscene or scatological language; especially such behaviour associated with Tourette syndrome.


lexentry: eng/coprophilia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coprophilia
trans_list: копрофилия
sense:
(psychiatry) A marked interest in excrement; especially the paraphilia involving sexual arousal and pleasure from feces and defecation.


lexentry: eng/copula__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: copula
trans_list: глаго́л-свя́зка | ко́пула | свя́зка
sense:
(linguistics, grammar) A word, usually a verb, used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate (usually a subject complement or an adverbial), that unites or associates the subject with the predicate.


lexentry: eng/copula__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: copula
trans_list: ко́пула
sense:
(statistics) A function that represents the association between two or more variables, independent of the individual marginal distributions of the variables.


lexentry: eng/copulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: copulation
trans_list: ко́итус | копуля́ция | сноше́ние | совокупле́ние
sense:
(uncountable) Sexual procreation between a man and a woman or transfer of the sperm from male to female; usually applied to the mating process in nonhuman animals; coitus; coition.


lexentry: eng/copy__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: copy
trans_list: ко́пия
sense:
(marketing, advertising) The output of copywriters, who are employed to write material which encourages consumers to buy goods or services.


lexentry: eng/copy_editor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: copy editor
trans_list: литературный редактор | редактор
sense:
Someone who corrects printed material (copy) and prepares it for typesetting, printing, or online publishing.


lexentry: eng/copycat__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: copycat
trans_list: имита́тор | подража́тель
sense:
A criminal who imitates the crimes of another; specifically, a criminal who commits the same crime, especially a highly-publicized one, that has just or recently been committed by someone else.


lexentry: eng/copyedit__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: copyedit
trans_list: вычитывать
sense:
(transitive, printing) To correct the spelling, grammar, formatting, etc. of printed material and prepare it for typesetting, printing, or online publishing.


lexentry: eng/copypasta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: copypasta
trans_list: копипа́ста
sense:
(Internet slang) A block of text which has been copied and pasted from somewhere else, serving as a story or meme. [from 2006]


lexentry: eng/copyright__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: copyright
trans_list: а́вторское пра́во | авторское право
sense:
(uncountable) The right by law to be the entity which determines who may publish, copy and distribute a piece of writing, music, picture or other work of authorship.


lexentry: eng/coquetry__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coquetry
trans_list: коке́тство
sense:
(countable) An act constituting such behaviour; an affectation of amorous interest or enticement, especially of a woman directed towards a man.


lexentry: eng/coquina__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coquina
trans_list: котеле́ц | раку́шечник
sense:
(uncountable, geology) A soft form of limestone made of fragments of shells, sometimes used as a building or road paving material. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/cor_anglais__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cor anglais
trans_list: англи́йский рожо́к
sense:
(musical instruments) A double-reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family that is pitched in F, one-fifth lower than the oboe and is consequently approximately one-third longer than the oboe.


lexentry: eng/coral__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coral
trans_list: кора́лл | коралл
sense:
(countable) Any of many species of marine invertebrates in the class Anthozoa, most of which build hard calcium carbonate skeletons and form colonies, or a colony belonging to one of those species.


lexentry: eng/coral__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: coral
trans_list: кора́лловый
sense:
(countable) A somewhat yellowish orange-pink colour; the colour of red coral (Corallium rubrum) of the Mediterranean Sea, commonly used as an ornament or gem.


lexentry: eng/cord__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cord
trans_list: верёвка | шнур
sense:
(countable) A long, thin, flexible length of twisted yarns (strands) of fiber (a rope, for example).


lexentry: eng/cord__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: cord
trans_list: ка́бель | про́вод | шнур
sense:
A small flexible electrical conductor composed of wires insulated separately or in bundles and assembled together usually with an outer cover; the electrical cord of a lamp, sweeper ((US) vacuum cleaner), or other appliance.


lexentry: eng/cordial__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: cordial
trans_list: конфе́та
sense:
A candy (or bonbon) usually made of milk chocolate, filled with small fruits (often maraschino cherries) and syrup or fondant.


lexentry: eng/cordon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cordon
trans_list: кордо́н
sense:
(archaic) A ribbon normally worn diagonally across the chest as a decoration or insignia of rank etc. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/cordon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cordon
trans_list: кордо́н
sense:
A line of people or things placed around an area to enclose or protect it. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/cordwood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cordwood
trans_list: полено
sense:
Wood suitable for use as firewood; firewood cut and split into conveniently sized pieces for easy stacking into cords.


lexentry: eng/core__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: core
trans_list: суть | су́щность
sense:
A technical term for classification of things denoting those parts of a category that are most easily or most likely understood as within it.


lexentry: eng/core__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: core
trans_list: суть | сердцеви́на | су́щность
sense:
The most important part of a thing or aggregate of things wherever located and whether of any determinate location at all; the essence.


lexentry: eng/core__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: core
trans_list: ядро́
sense:
(computer hardware) An individual computer processor, in the sense when several processors (called cores or CPU cores) are plugged together in one single integrated circuit to work as one (called a multi-core processor).


lexentry: eng/core__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: core
trans_list: ядро́ | суть | сердцеви́на | су́щность
sense:
(engineering, manufacturing) The portion of a mold that creates a cavity or impression within the part (casting or molded part) or that makes a hole in or through the part.


lexentry: eng/core__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: core
trans_list: магнитопровод
sense:
A piece of ferromagnetic material (e.g., soft iron), inside the windings of an electromagnet, that channels the magnetic field.


lexentry: eng/core_sample__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: core sample
trans_list: керн
sense:
A cylindrical section of a naturally occurring substance, typically obtained by drilling into the substance, for example sediment or rock, with a core drill.


lexentry: eng/corgi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corgi
trans_list: ко́рги
sense:
Short for Welsh corgi (“a type of herding dog originating from Wales, having a small body, short legs, and fox-like features such as large ears; two separate breeds are recognized: the Cardigan Welsh Corgi and the Pembroke Welsh Corgi”).


lexentry: eng/corium__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corium
trans_list: ко́риум
sense:
(nuclear physics) A lavalike mixture of fissile material created in a nuclear reactor's core during a nuclear meltdown.


lexentry: eng/cork__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cork
trans_list: луб
sense:
(botany, uncountable) The dead protective tissue between the bark and cambium in woody plants, with suberin deposits making it impervious to gasses and water.


lexentry: eng/cork__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cork
trans_list: про́бка | пробка
sense:
The phellem of the cork oak, used for making bottle stoppers, flotation devices, and insulation material.


lexentry: eng/corkscrew__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corkscrew
trans_list: што́пор | штопор
sense:
An implement for opening bottles that are sealed by a cork. Sometimes specifically such an implement that includes a screw-shaped part, or worm.


lexentry: eng/corkscrew__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corkscrew
trans_list: извиваться
sense:
(intransitive) To wind or twist in the manner of a corkscrew; to move with much horizontal and vertical shifting.


lexentry: eng/cormorant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cormorant
trans_list: бакла́н | баклан
sense:
Any of various medium-large black seabirds of the family Phalacrocoracidae which dive into water for fish and other aquatic animals, found throughout the world except for islands in the centre of the Pacific Ocean; specifically, the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo).


lexentry: eng/corn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corn
trans_list: зерно́
sense:
(Commonwealth English, but not Canada, Australia, or New Zealand, uncountable) Any cereal plant (or its grain) that is the main crop or staple of a country or region.


lexentry: eng/corn_bunting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corn bunting
trans_list: просянка
sense:
A passerine bird (Emberiza calandra, syn. Emberiza miliaria, Milaria calandra) whose male and female plumages are (untypically for buntings) similar.


lexentry: eng/corn_salad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corn salad
trans_list: полево́й сала́т | сала́т полево́й
sense:
Any of the small plants in genus Valerianella, used in salads and as a herb, especially Valerianella locusta.


lexentry: eng/corncrake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corncrake
trans_list: дерга́ч | коросте́ль
sense:
A bird of the rail family, Crex crex, that breeds in meadows and arable farmland across Europe and western Asia, migrating to Africa in winter.


lexentry: eng/cornea__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cornea
trans_list: рогови́ца | роговица
sense:
(anatomy) The transparent layer making up the outermost front part of the eye, covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.


lexentry: eng/cornel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cornel
trans_list: кизи́л
sense:
Any tree or shrub of the dogwood subgenera, Cornus subg. Arctocrania (syn. Cornus subg. Chamaepericlymenum) or Cornus subg. Cornus, especially Cornus mas, the European cornel.


lexentry: eng/corner__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: corner
trans_list: коне́ц | уголо́к
sense:
An edge or extremity; the part farthest from the center; hence, any quarter or part, or the direction in which it lies.


lexentry: eng/corner_kick__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corner kick
trans_list: углово́й | углово́й уда́р
sense:
(soccer) A kick awarded to the attacking team when the ball leaves the field of play by wholly crossing the goal line without a goal having been scored, having last touched a player from the defending team. For the kick, the ball is placed within the corner arc closest to where it went out of play.


lexentry: eng/cornerstone__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cornerstone
trans_list: краеуго́льный ка́мень
sense:
Such a stone used ceremonially, often inscribed with the architect's and owner's names, dates and other details.


lexentry: eng/cornet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cornet
trans_list: корне́т | корне́т-а-писто́н
sense:
A musical instrument of the brass family, slightly smaller than a trumpet, usually in the musical key of B-flat.


lexentry: eng/cornetfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cornetfish
trans_list: свисту́лька
sense:
Any of several slender, elongate tropical fish, of the family Fistulariidae, that live in shallow water


lexentry: eng/cornett__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cornett
trans_list: корне́т | ци́нк
sense:
(musical instruments) An early horn wind instrument used in European music of the medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. Not to be confused with later brass instrument.


lexentry: eng/cornflower__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cornflower
trans_list: василёк | василёк синий
sense:
A small annual plant in the family Asteraceae, Centaurea cyanus, usually with bushy blue flowers which grows natively in European cornfields (i.e. wheatfields).


lexentry: eng/cornice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cornice
trans_list: карни́з | карниз
sense:
(architectural element) A horizontal architectural element of a building, projecting forward from the main walls, originally used as a means of directing rainwater away from the building's walls.


lexentry: eng/cornrow__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cornrow
trans_list: [[тугой|туга́я]] [[коси́чка]] | [[французский|францу́зская]] [[коси́чка]]
sense:
(chiefly, in plural) One of a set of rows of tightly braided hair close to the scalp, forming a hairstyle, of African origin.


lexentry: eng/cornucopia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cornucopia
trans_list: рог изоби́лия
sense:
(Greek mythology) A goat's horn endlessly overflowing with fruit, flowers and grain; or full of whatever its owner wanted: or, an image of a such a horn, either in two or three dimensions.


lexentry: eng/corolla__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corolla
trans_list: ве́нчик
sense:
(botany) An outermost-but-one whorl of a flower, composed of petals, when it is not the same in appearance as the outermost whorl (the calyx); it usually comprises the petal, which may be fused.


lexentry: eng/corollary__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: corollary
trans_list: сле́дствие | следствие
sense:
(mathematics, logic) A proposition which follows easily from the statement or proof of another proposition.


lexentry: eng/corona__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: corona
trans_list: коро́на
sense:
The luminous plasma atmosphere of the Sun (the solar corona) or other star, extending millions of kilometres into space, most easily seen during a total solar eclipse.


lexentry: eng/corona__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: corona
trans_list: ве́нчик | коро́на
sense:
(botany) A ring or set of appendages of adaxial tissue arising from the corolla or the outer edge of the stamens, present in some plants (Narcissus, Passiflora, etc.); a paraperigonium.


lexentry: eng/corona__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: corona
trans_list: коро́на
sense:
(Ancient Rome, historical) A crown or garland bestowed among the Romans as a reward for distinguished services.


lexentry: eng/corona_discharge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corona discharge
trans_list: коро́нный разря́д
sense:
(electricity) The ionization of air (or any other fluid) surrounding an electrically energized conductor, as a result of a strong electric field.


lexentry: eng/coronal_mass_ejection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coronal mass ejection
trans_list: корональный вы́брос массы
sense:
(astronomy) A massive burst of solar wind, other light isotope plasma, and magnetic fields rising above the solar corona or being released into space.


lexentry: eng/coronary_artery_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coronary artery disease
trans_list: корона́рная недоста́точность
sense:
(disease, cardiology) Any disease caused by the accumulation of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the myocardium.


lexentry: eng/coronation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coronation
trans_list: венча́ние | корона́ция
sense:
(specifically, also, attributively) An act or the ceremony of formally investing a sovereign or the sovereign's consort with a crown and other insignia of royalty, on or shortly after their accession to the sovereignty.


lexentry: eng/coronavirus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coronavirus
trans_list: коронави́рус | коронавирус
sense:
(virology) A member of the family Coronaviridaews, comprising viruses which infect animals and human beings, and the genome of which consists of a single strand of RNA. [from 1968]


lexentry: eng/coroner__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coroner
sense:
(Commonwealth, Ireland, Japan, legal) A public official who presides over an inquest into unnatural deaths, and who may have (or historically had) additional powers such as investigating cases of treasure trove.

trans_list:
[[сле́дователь]] по [[убийство|уби́йствам]] | [[суде́бный]] [[сле́дователь]] | ко́ронер | судмедэкспе́рт


lexentry: eng/coroner__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coroner
trans_list: судмедэкспе́рт
sense:
(Canada, US, medicine) A medical doctor who performs autopsies and determines time and cause of death from a scientific standpoint.


lexentry: eng/corporal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corporal
trans_list: капра́л
sense:
(military) A non-commissioned officer army rank with NATO code OR-4. The rank below a sergeant but above a lance corporal and private.


lexentry: eng/corporal__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corporal
trans_list: антими́нс
sense:
(ecclesiastical) The white linen cloth on which the elements of the Eucharist are placed; a communion cloth.


lexentry: eng/corporation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corporation
trans_list: акционе́рное о́бщество
sense:
A body corporate, created by law or under authority of law, having a continuous existence independent of the existences of its members, and powers and liabilities distinct from those of its members.


lexentry: eng/corpus__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: corpus
trans_list: ко́рпус | собра́ние
sense:
(specifically, linguistics) Such a collection in form of an electronic database used for linguistic analyses.


lexentry: eng/corpus_cavernosum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corpus cavernosum
trans_list: каверно́зное те́ло | пеще́ристое те́ло
sense:
(anatomy) One of the pair of cylindrical columns of erectile tissue that form the bulk of the clitoris and penis.


lexentry: eng/corpus_luteum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corpus luteum
trans_list: жёлтое те́ло
sense:
(anatomy) A yellow mass of cells that forms from an ovarian follicle during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in mammals; it secretes steroid hormones.


lexentry: eng/correction_fluid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: correction fluid
trans_list: зама́зка | корре́ктор | штрих-корре́ктор
sense:
A white, opaque fluid, applied to paper to mask textual errors; used especially to mask errors in typing so that corrections may be overtyped.


lexentry: eng/correction_tape__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: correction tape
trans_list: корре́ктор-ле́нта | корре́ктор-ро́ллер | корректи́рующая ле́нта
sense:
An opaque white tape that can be placed against paper and transferred by pressure in order to blank out a mistake; an alternative to correction fluid that does not need time to dry.


lexentry: eng/corrective_rape__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corrective rape
trans_list: корректи́рующее изнаси́лование
sense:
The act of raping someone because of their perceived sexual orientation or gender identity in an attempt to force the person to be heterosexual or to enforce gender stereotypes.


lexentry: eng/correlation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: correlation
trans_list: корреля́ция | корреляция
sense:
(statistics) One of the several measures of the linear statistical relationship between two random variables, indicating both the strength and direction of the relationship.


lexentry: eng/correspond__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: correspond
trans_list: соотве́тствовать | согласо́вываться | соотноси́ться
sense:
(intransitive, constructed with to) To be equivalent or similar in character, quantity, quality, origin, structure, function etc.


lexentry: eng/correspond__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: correspond
trans_list: корреспонди́ровать | перепи́сываться
sense:
(intransitive, constructed with with) to exchange messages, especially by postal letter, over a period of time.


lexentry: eng/correspondence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: correspondence
trans_list: корреспонде́нция | перепи́ска
sense:
(uncountable) Reciprocal exchange of civilities, especially conversation between persons by means of letters.


lexentry: eng/correspondent__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: correspondent
trans_list: корреспонде́нт | корреспонде́нтка
sense:
A journalist who sends reports back to a newspaper or radio or television station from a distant or overseas location.


lexentry: eng/corrigendum__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: corrigendum
trans_list: исправленная опеча́тка | опеча́тка | попра́вка
sense:
(usually, in the plural) A list of errors in a printed work as a separate page of corrections. (The items thus listed will sometimes be corrected in subsequent print runs, if any occur; they are then called reprint corrections.)


lexentry: eng/corrosive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corrosive
trans_list: корродирующий
sense:
Eating away; having the power of gradually wearing, hanging, or destroying the texture or substance of a body; as the corrosive action of an acid.


lexentry: eng/corrosive__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: corrosive
trans_list: корродирующий
sense:
Any solid, liquid or gas capable of irreparably harming living tissues or damaging material on contact.


lexentry: eng/corrupt__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corrupt
trans_list: разлагать | портить | развращать
sense:
(transitive) To make corrupt; to change from good to bad; to draw away from the right path; to deprave; to pervert.


lexentry: eng/corruption__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corruption
trans_list: по́рча | развраще́ние | растле́ние
sense:
The act of corrupting or of impairing integrity, virtue, or moral principle; the state of being corrupted or debased; loss of purity or integrity.


lexentry: eng/corruption__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: corruption
trans_list: по́рча | по́рченное | разложе́ние
sense:
The act of corrupting or making putrid, or state of being corrupt or putrid; decomposition or disorganization, in the process of putrefaction; putrefaction; deterioration.


lexentry: eng/corruption__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: corruption
trans_list: взя́точничество | корру́пция | лихои́мство | мздои́мство | прода́жность
sense:
Unethical administrative or executive practices (in government or business), including bribery (offering or receiving bribes), conflicts of interest, nepotism, and so on.


lexentry: eng/corruption__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: corruption
trans_list: [[поврежде́ние]] [[да́нных]]
sense:
(computing) The destruction of data by manipulation of parts of it, either by deliberate or accidental human action or by imperfections in storage or transmission media.


lexentry: eng/corruption__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: corruption
trans_list: па́дание
sense:
The act of changing, or of being changed, for the worse; departure from what is pure, simple, or correct.


lexentry: eng/cortex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cortex
trans_list: кора
sense:
(countable, anatomy) The outer layer of an internal organ or body structure, such as the kidney or the brain.


lexentry: eng/cortical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cortical
trans_list: корковый | кортика́льный
sense:
(anatomy) Pertaining to the outer layer of an internal organ or body structure, such as the kidney or the brain.


lexentry: eng/cortisone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cortisone
trans_list: кортизо́н
sense:
(steroid hormone, pharmaceutical drug) A corticosteroid hormone, closely related to corticosterone, produced by the adrenal cortex. One of the glucocorticoids, it is also made synthetically for use as an anti-inflammatory and antiallergy agent. 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone, with formula C21H28O5.


lexentry: eng/corundum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corundum
trans_list: кору́нд | корунд
sense:
(mineral) An extremely hard mineral, a form of aluminum oxide with the chemical formula Al2O3, that occurs in the form of the gemstones sapphire and ruby; it is used as an abrasive.


lexentry: eng/corvette__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: corvette
trans_list: корве́т
sense:
(nautical, historical) A flush-decked warship of the 17th-18th centuries having a single tier of guns; it ranked next below a frigate; – called in the United States navy a sloop of war.


lexentry: eng/corvette__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: corvette
trans_list: корве́т | корвет
sense:
(nautical) In a modern navy, a lightly armed and armoured blue water warship, smaller than a frigate, capable of transoceanic duty.


lexentry: eng/coset__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coset
trans_list: пласт
sense:
(algebra, group theory) The set that results from applying a group's binary operation with a given fixed element of the group on each element of a given subgroup.


lexentry: eng/cosine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cosine
trans_list: ко́синус | косинус
sense:
(trigonometry) In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to an acute angle to the length of the hypotenuse. Symbol: cos


lexentry: eng/cosmetic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cosmetic
trans_list: косме́тика | косметика
sense:
Any substances applied to enhance the external color or texture of the skin, e.g. lipstick, eyeshadow, eyeliner; makeup.


lexentry: eng/cosmetologist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cosmetologist
trans_list: визажи́ст | визажи́стка | космети́чка | космето́лог
sense:
A person who advises people (normally women) on cosmetics and other beauty treatments; a beautician.


lexentry: eng/cosmodrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cosmodrome
trans_list: космодро́м | космодром
sense:
A site for launching spacecraft, usually in reference to such Soviet or Russian built sites as the Baikonur, Kazakhstan and Plesetsk, Russia cosmodromes.


lexentry: eng/cosmogony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cosmogony
trans_list: космого́ния | космогония
sense:
The study of the origin, and sometimes the development, of the universe or the solar system, in astrophysics, religion, and other fields.


lexentry: eng/cosmos__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cosmos
trans_list: ко́смос | косме́я
sense:
Any of various mostly Mexican herbs of the genus Cosmos having radiate heads of variously coloured flowers and pinnate leaves.


lexentry: eng/cost_of_living__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cost of living
trans_list: прожи́точный ми́нимум | сто́имость жи́зни
sense:
The average cost of a standard set of basic necessities of life, especially of food, shelter and clothing.


lexentry: eng/costal_cartilage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: costal cartilage
trans_list: рёберный хрящ | хрящева́я часть ребра́
sense:
(anatomy) One of the bars of hyaline cartilage, found at the anterior ends of the ribs, that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax.


lexentry: eng/costume__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: costume
trans_list: костю́м | наря́д
sense:
A style of dress, including garments, accessories and hairstyle, especially as characteristic of a particular country, period or people.


lexentry: eng/cot__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cot
trans_list: [[детский|де́тская]] [[крова́тка]]
sense:
(UK, Irish, Commonwealth) A bed for infants or small children, with high, often slatted, often moveable sides.


lexentry: eng/cot__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: cot
trans_list: ко́йка | подвесна́я посте́ль
sense:
(nautical, historical) A wooden bed frame, slung by its corners from a beam, in which officers slept before the introduction of bunks.


lexentry: eng/cotangent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cotangent
trans_list: кота́нгенс | котангенс
sense:
(trigonometry) In a right triangle, the reciprocal of the tangent of an angle. Symbols: cot, ctg, or ctn


lexentry: eng/cotidal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cotidal
trans_list: котидальный | равноприливный
sense:
Describing the locations (and of related lines on a chart) linking places where tides occur at the same time of day


lexentry: eng/cotillion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cotillion
trans_list: котильон
sense:
(dance) A bold dance performed in groups of eight where women lift their skirts to display their ankles. [from 1766]


lexentry: eng/cotoneaster__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cotoneaster
trans_list: ирга́ | кизи́льник
sense:
Any of several erect or creeping shrubs, of the genus Cotoneaster, that have pinkish flowers and red berries.


lexentry: eng/cotton_mill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cotton mill
trans_list: прядильная фабрика
sense:
A building housing spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from raw cotton.


lexentry: eng/cotton_swab__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cotton swab
trans_list: ва́тная па́лочка | ва́тный ту́пфер | ту́пфер
sense:
A small wad of cotton wrapped around the end of a small rod, made of wood, rolled paper, or plastic. The most common uses for cotton swabs include aural hygiene and cosmetics application.


lexentry: eng/cotton_thistle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cotton thistle
trans_list: тата́рник | чертополо́х
sense:
Any of various flowering plants in the genus Onopordum of the family Asteraceae, especially Onopordum acanthium.


lexentry: eng/cottonwood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cottonwood
trans_list: тополь
sense:
A tree from one of number of species of tree in the genus Populus (poplars), typically growing along watercourses, with fluffy catkins.


lexentry: eng/cotyledon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cotyledon
trans_list: семядоля
sense:
(botany) The leaf of the embryo of a seed-bearing plant; after germination it becomes the first leaves of the seedling.


lexentry: eng/couch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: couch
trans_list: дива́н | куше́тка | софа́ | тахта́
sense:
(North America, Australia, Ireland) An item of furniture, often upholstered, for the comfortable seating of more than one person; a sofa.


lexentry: eng/couch_potato__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: couch potato
trans_list: безде́льник | домосе́д | лежебо́ка | лентя́й | си́день
sense:
(idiom) A person who spends a lot of time sitting or lying down, often watching television, eating snacks or drinking alcohol. [from 1976]


lexentry: eng/cough__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cough
trans_list: ка́шель | кашель
sense:
A sudden, often involuntary expulsion of air from the lungs through the glottis (causing a short, explosive sound), and out through the mouth.


lexentry: eng/cough__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cough
trans_list: ка́шлять | кашляну́ть | кашлять
sense:
Sometimes followed by up: to force (something) out of the lungs or throat by pushing air from the lungs through the glottis (causing a short, explosive sound), and out through the mouth.


lexentry: eng/cough_drop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cough drop
trans_list: [[табле́тка]] от [[кашель|ка́шля]]
sense:
A small, medicated tablet intended to be dissolved slowly in the mouth to relieve coughing symptoms temporarily.


lexentry: eng/coulomb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coulomb
trans_list: куло́н | кулон
sense:
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electric charge; the amount of electric charge carried by a current of 1 ampere flowing for 1 second. Symbol: C


lexentry: eng/coulter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coulter
trans_list: предплу́жник
sense:
(British) A knife or cutter attached to the beam of a plough to cut the sward, in front of the share and mouldboard.


lexentry: eng/councillor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: councillor
trans_list: [[чле́н]] [[совет|сове́та]] | сове́тник
sense:
In particular, a representative elected to a local authority, such as a city council: a city councillor


lexentry: eng/count_on_the_fingers_of_one_hand__Verb__1
written_rep: count on the fingers of one hand
trans_list:
на па́льцах пересчита́ть | на па́льцах перече́сть | на па́льцах сосчита́ть | на па́льцах счесть | по па́льцам пересчита́ть | по па́льцам перече́сть


lexentry: eng/countdown__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: countdown
sense:
A count backward in fixed units to the time of some event, especially the launch of a space vehicle.

trans_list:
обра́тный отсчёт | обра́тный счёт | отсчёт | счёт в [[обратный|обра́тном]] [[направление|направле́нии]]


lexentry: eng/counter__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: counter
trans_list: счётчик | противове́с | противоде́йствие
sense:
An object (now especially a small disc) used in counting or keeping count, or as a marker in games, etc.


lexentry: eng/counter__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: counter
trans_list: встре́чный уда́р | противове́с | противоде́йствие | счётчик
sense:
A telltale; a contrivance attached to an engine, printing press, or other machine, for the purpose of counting the revolutions or the pulsations.


lexentry: eng/counter__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: counter
trans_list: противове́с | противоде́йствие | столе́шница
sense:
In a kitchen, a surface, often built into the wall and above a cabinet, designed to be used for food preparation.


lexentry: eng/counterculture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: counterculture
trans_list: контркульту́ра
sense:
Any culture whose values and lifestyles are opposed to those of the established mainstream culture, especially to Western culture.


lexentry: eng/counterespionage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: counterespionage
trans_list: контрразве́дка | контршпиона́ж
sense:
All those activities undertaken to neutralize or exploit the espionage activities of another nation or an enemy.


lexentry: eng/counterexample__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: counterexample
trans_list: контрприме́р
sense:
(logic) An example that counters a general rule; an exception to a general rule; a specific instance of the falsity of (and falsifiability of) any proposed universal applicability of a rule or statement.


lexentry: eng/countermand__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: countermand
trans_list: аннули́ровать | отмени́ть | отменя́ть
sense:
To revoke (a former command); to cancel or rescind by giving an order contrary to one previously given.


lexentry: eng/countermeasure__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: countermeasure
trans_list: контрме́ра
sense:
(military, mostly, in the plural) Any of the devices and techniques used to impair the operational effectiveness of an enemy.


lexentry: eng/counterpoint__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: counterpoint
trans_list: контрапу́нкт
sense:
(music) A melody added to an existing one, especially one added to provide harmony whilst each retains its simultaneous identity; a composition consisting of such contrapuntal melodies.


lexentry: eng/countersign__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: countersign
trans_list: контрассигнова́ть
sense:
(transitive, by extension) To add a second signature to a document, affirming the validity of the signature of another person.


lexentry: eng/countertrade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: countertrade
trans_list: [[встречный|встре́чная]] [[торго́вля]]
sense:
(international trade) Exchange of goods or services that are paid for, in whole or part, with other goods or services.


lexentry: eng/countervailing_duty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: countervailing duty
trans_list: [[компенсационный|компенсацио́нная]] [[по́шлина]]
sense:
A duty levied on an imported article to offset the unfair price advantage it holds due to a subsidy paid to producers or exporters by the government of the exporting country if such imports cause or threaten injury to a domestic industry.


lexentry: eng/counterweight__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: counterweight
trans_list: противове́с
sense:
A heavy mass of often iron or concrete, mechanically linked in opposition to a load which is to be raised and lowered, with the intent of reducing the amount of work which must be done to effect the raising and lowering. Counterweights are used, for example, in cable-hauled elevators and some kinds of movable bridges (e.g. a bascule bridge).


lexentry: eng/country__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: country
trans_list: край | страна́ | госуда́рство | держа́ва
sense:
The territory of a nation, especially an independent nation state or formerly independent nation; a political entity asserting ultimate authority over a geographical area; a sovereign state. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/country__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: country
trans_list: край | страна́ | земля́ | страна
sense:
A set region of land having particular human occupation or agreed limits, especially inhabited by members of the same race, speakers of the same language etc., or associated with a given person, occupation, species etc. [from 13th c.]


lexentry: eng/country__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: country
trans_list: дере́вня | прови́нция | село́
sense:
(uncountable, usually preceded by “the”) A rural area, as opposed to a town or city; the countryside. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/country_club__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: country club
trans_list: за́городный клуб
sense:
A private club in a rural area or in the outskirts of a town, offering recreational sports activities.


lexentry: eng/country_house__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: country house
trans_list: дача
sense:
(British) A weekend and holiday residence, located outside of urban areas, used as a retreat from city life.


lexentry: eng/country_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: country music
trans_list: ка́нтри
sense:
(music) A style of popular music that originated in the folk music of the rural population of the southern and western United States and characterized by string-band instruments and simple melodies.


lexentry: eng/county__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: county
trans_list: гра́фство | о́круг | уе́зд
sense:
An administrative or geographical region of various countries, including Bhutan, Canada, China, Croatia, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Romania, South Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and 47 of the 50 United States (excluding Alaska, Connecticut, and Louisiana).


lexentry: eng/coup_d'état__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coup d'état
trans_list: путч | [[госуда́рственный]] [[переворо́т]] | госпереворо́т | переворо́т
sense:
(politics, government) The sudden overthrow of a government, differing from a revolution by being carried out by a small group of people who replace only the leading figures.


lexentry: eng/couple__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: couple
trans_list: па́ра | по́люс
sense:
One of the pairs of plates of two metals which compose a voltaic battery, called a voltaic couple or galvanic couple.


lexentry: eng/coupling__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: coupling
trans_list: конта́кт
sense:
(electronics) A connection between two electronic circuits such that a signal can pass between them.


lexentry: eng/coupling__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: coupling
trans_list: соедине́ние | стыко́вка | сце́пка
sense:
A link between the performance of an action and the location where that action occurs or the method used to perform that action.


lexentry: eng/coupon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coupon
trans_list: ва́учер | купо́н | тало́н
sense:
A section of a ticket, showing the holder to be entitled to some specified accommodation or service, as to a passage over a designated line of travel, a particular seat in a theater, a discount, etc.


lexentry: eng/coupon__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: coupon
trans_list: купо́н
sense:
(finance, obsolete) A certificate of interest due, printed at the bottom of transferable bonds (state, railroad, etc.), given for a term of years, designed to be cut off and presented for payment when the interest is due; an interest warrant.


lexentry: eng/coupon__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: coupon
trans_list: купо́н
sense:
(finance) Any interest payment made or due on a bond, debenture or similar (no longer by a physical coupon).


lexentry: eng/courage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: courage
trans_list: хра́брость | му́жество | отва́га | сме́лость
sense:
The quality of being confident, not afraid or easily intimidated, but without being incautious or inconsiderate.


lexentry: eng/course__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: course
trans_list: гна́ться | гнать | пресле́довать
sense:
(transitive) To pursue by tracking or estimating the course taken by one's prey; to follow or chase after.


lexentry: eng/course_credit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: course credit
trans_list: кредит
sense:
(education, academics) A unit for measuring the amount of academic studies of which exact definition varies by learning institution. Typically, there is a minimum number of course credits required as a precondition for graduation.


lexentry: eng/coursebook__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coursebook
trans_list: пособие
sense:
A textbook, a book designed to accompany a specific academic course, or one specified by the writers of the course to be read by its students.


lexentry: eng/courser__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: courser
trans_list: бегунки́ | бегуно́к
sense:
Any of several species of terrestrial bird in the genera Cursorius or Rhinoptilus of the family Glareolidae.


lexentry: eng/coursework__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coursework
trans_list: курсова́я рабо́та
sense:
Work carried out by students of a particular course; it is assessed and counts towards the grade given.


lexentry: eng/court__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: court
trans_list: двор
sense:
An enclosed space; a courtyard; an uncovered area shut in by the walls of a building, or by different buildings; also, a space opening from a street and nearly surrounded by houses; a blind alley.


lexentry: eng/court__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: court
trans_list: двор
sense:
The collective body of persons composing the retinue of a sovereign or person high in authority; all the surroundings of a sovereign in his regal state.


lexentry: eng/court__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: court
trans_list: суд | корт | двор | площа́дка | трибуна́л
sense:
The persons officially assembled under authority of law, at the appropriate time and place, for the administration of justice; an official assembly, legally met together for the transaction of judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for the hearing or trial of cases.


lexentry: eng/court__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: court
trans_list: корт | площа́дка
sense:
(sports) A place arranged for playing the games of tennis, basketball, handball, badminton, volleyball, squash and some other games


lexentry: eng/court_jester__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: court jester
trans_list: шут | пая́ц
sense:
A person in colorful garb and fool's cap who amused a medieval and early modern royal or noble court.


lexentry: eng/court_of_cassation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: court of cassation
trans_list: кассацио́нный суд
sense:
(legal) In many legal systems, the highest-level court of appeal in procedural matters, which is asked to squash a verdict but then refers the case back for a new court case at the previous level.


lexentry: eng/court_order__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: court order
trans_list: распоряже́ние суда́
sense:
(legal) A written command, issued by a judge, requiring whomever it is served upon to do whatever the order says, under penalty of being held in contempt of court.


lexentry: eng/courtesy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: courtesy
trans_list: ве́жливость
sense:
(countable) A polite gesture or remark, especially as opposed to an obligation or standard practice.


lexentry: eng/courtship__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: courtship
trans_list: уха́живание
sense:
The act of wooing a person to enter into a romantic relationship or marriage; hence, the period during which a couple fall in love before their marriage.


lexentry: eng/cousin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cousin
trans_list: двою́родная сестра́ | двою́родный брат | кузе́н | кузи́на
sense:
(specifically) When used without a qualifying word: the child of a person's parent's brother (that is, an uncle) or sister (an aunt); a cousin-german, a first cousin.


lexentry: eng/cousin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cousin
trans_list: ро́дственник | ро́дственница
sense:
Chiefly with a qualifying word: Any relation (especially a distant one) who is not a direct ancestor or descendant but part of a person's extended family; a kinsman or kinswoman.


lexentry: eng/covalent_bond__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: covalent bond
trans_list: ковале́нтная связь
sense:
(physical chemistry) A type of chemical bond where two atoms are connected to each other by the sharing of two or more electrons.


lexentry: eng/covariance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: covariance
trans_list: ковариа́ция | ковариация
sense:
(statistics) A statistical measure defined as \scriptstyle\operatorname{Cov}(X, Y) = \operatorname{E}((X - \mu) (Y - \nu)) given two real-valued random variables X and Y, with expected values \scriptstyle E(X)\,=\,\mu and \scriptstyle E(Y)\,=\,\nu.


lexentry: eng/covariance__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: covariance
trans_list: ковариантность
sense:
(object-oriented programming) The conversion of data types from wider to narrower in certain situations.


lexentry: eng/covariant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: covariant
trans_list: ковариантный
sense:
(category theory, of a functor) Which preserves the order of morphism composition: formally, which associates each morphism f:X \to Y to a morphism F(f):F(X) \to F(Y).


lexentry: eng/cove__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: cove
trans_list: бу́хточка
sense:
A small coastal inlet, especially one having high cliffs protecting vessels from prevailing winds;bight. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/cover__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: cover
trans_list: обло́жка | обложка
sense:
(music) A new performance or rerecording of a previously recorded song; a cover version; a cover song.


lexentry: eng/cover__Verb__1
sense_num: 15
written_rep: cover
trans_list: закры́ть | закрыва́ть | накры́ть | накрыва́ть | покры́ть | покрыва́ть
sense:
(military, law enforcement) To protect using an aimed firearm and the threat of firing; or to protect using continuous, heaving fire at or in the direction of the enemy so as to force the enemy to remain in cover; or to threaten using an aimed firearm.


lexentry: eng/cover__Verb__1
sense_num: 19
written_rep: cover
trans_list: прое́хать | пройти́ | пролете́ть | проплы́ть
sense:
(transitive) To extend over a given period of time or range, to occupy, to stretch over a given area.


lexentry: eng/cover_letter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cover letter
trans_list: сопроводи́тельное письмо́
sense:
A letter or written communication that serves to introduce an accompanying document; especially, a letter that introduces a résumé or curriculum vitae.


lexentry: eng/cover_story__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (media) A story included in a publication that is highlighted on the front cover.
written_rep: cover story
trans_list:
[[главный|гла́вная]] [[статья́]] | [[заглавный|загла́вная]] [[исто́рия]] | [[те́ма]] [[номер|но́мера]]


lexentry: eng/cover_version__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cover version
trans_list: ка́вер | кавер-ве́рсия | перепе́вка
sense:
(music) A version of a song that is a new performance or rerecording of that song by a different artist.


lexentry: eng/coverage__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coverage
trans_list: освеще́ние
sense:
(journalism) The amount and type of attention given to an event or topic in news media or other media.


lexentry: eng/coverall__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coverall
trans_list: комбинация
sense:
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia) A loose-fitting jumpsuit-style protective garment worn over other clothing.


lexentry: eng/covering__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: covering
trans_list: покров
sense:
(countable) That which covers or conceals; a cover; something spread or laid over or wrapped about another.


lexentry: eng/covet__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: covet
trans_list: [[си́льно]] [[жела́ть]] | домога́ться | жажда́ть
sense:
(intransitive) To yearn; to have or indulge an inordinate desire, especially for another's possession.


lexentry: eng/covey__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: covey
trans_list: вы́водок
sense:
A brood or family of partridges (family Phasianidae), which includes game birds such as grouse (tribe Tetraonini) and ptarmigans (tribe Tetraonini, genus Lagopus).


lexentry: eng/covidiot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: covidiot
trans_list: ковидиот
sense:
(pejorative, jocular, neologism) A person who is foolishly reckless with respect to avoiding contracting or spreading COVID-19.


lexentry: eng/cow__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cow
trans_list: бык | коро́ва
sense:
(loosely, or, informal) Any member of the species Bos taurus regardless of sex or age, including bulls and calves.


lexentry: eng/cow__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: cow
trans_list: коро́ва | корова
sense:
(biology) A female member of other large species of mammal, including the bovines, moose, whales, seals, hippos, rhinos, manatees, and elephants.


lexentry: eng/cow__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: cow
trans_list: коро́ва | корова
sense:
(derogatory, UK, Irish, informal) A woman considered unpleasant in some way, particularly one considered nasty, stupid, fat, lazy, or difficult.


lexentry: eng/cow_eyes__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cow eyes
trans_list: влюблённый взор | глазок
sense:
(US, informal) A wide-eyed expression meant to discreetly signal otherwise unstated romantic attraction to the one it is directed at.


lexentry: eng/cowboy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cowboy
trans_list: ковбо́й
sense:
A man who identifies with cowboy culture, including wearing a cowboy hat and being a fan of country and western music.


lexentry: eng/cowboy_hat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cowboy hat
trans_list: [[ковбойский|ковбо́йская]] [[шля́па]]
sense:
A broad-brimmed hat worn by cowboys, ranchers, and farmers, common in the western United States and Mexico.


lexentry: eng/cowcatcher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cowcatcher
trans_list: путеочиститель | скотоотбрасыватель
sense:
(rail transport, principally, _, US) A plough-shaped device affixed to the front of a locomotive (or other large vehicle), usually wedge or V-shaped so as to push or deflect objects on the tracks out of the way, to clear out the train's path and prevent the risk of derailment or major damage to it.


lexentry: eng/cowgirl_position__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cowgirl position
trans_list: женщина сверху | поза амазонки | поза наездницы | шангей
sense:
(idiomatic) A sex position in which the man lies on his back, and the woman sits on top of him facing him.


lexentry: eng/cowlick__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cowlick
trans_list: вихор
sense:
An unruly lock or section of hair that sticks straight out from the skull or lies at an angle at odds with the rest of an individual's hair, like a whorl or vortex.


lexentry: eng/cowpox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cowpox
trans_list: вакци́на | коро́вья о́спа
sense:
A pustular, eruptive skin disease of cattle caused by an Orthopoxvirus, with lesions occurring principally on the udder and teats. Human infection may occur from touching cows, and gives immunity to smallpox.


lexentry: eng/coxswain__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: coxswain
trans_list: штурман
sense:
(rowing) The member of a crew who steers the shell and coordinates the power and rhythm of the rowers.


lexentry: eng/coypu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: coypu
trans_list: ну́трия | нутрия
sense:
A large, crepuscular, semiaquatic rodent (Myocastor coypus) resembling a large rat, having bright orange-yellow incisors, native to South America and introduced to Europe, Asia and North America, valued for its fur in eastern Europe and central Asia and considered a pest elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/cozen__Verb__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cozen
trans_list: моро́чить | надува́ть | обма́нывать
sense:
(archaic) To cheat; to defraud; to deceive, usually by small arts, or in a pitiful way. [from late 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/crab_cake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crab cake
trans_list: кра́бовая котле́та
sense:
A type of fishcake popular in the United States composed of crab meat and various other ingredients such as bread crumbs, milk, mayonnaise, eggs and seasonings.


lexentry: eng/crabgrass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crabgrass
trans_list: роси́чка
sense:
Those members of the genus Digitaria, grasses of tropical to temperate climates, which are pests of lawns, mainly from their invasive habits and the fact they die off in the fall and winter, leaving bare patches.


lexentry: eng/crack__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: crack
trans_list: щель | щёлка
sense:
(slang) Crack cocaine, a potent, relatively cheap, addictive variety of cocaine; often a rock, usually smoked through a crack-pipe.


lexentry: eng/crack__Noun__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: crack
trans_list: щель | щёлка
sense:
(hydrodynamics, US, dated) An expanding circle of white water surrounding the site of a large explosion at shallow depth, marking the progress of the shock wave through the air above the water.A nuclear explosion in shallow water; the crack is clearly visible on the water's surface.


lexentry: eng/crack__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: crack
trans_list: лома́ться
sense:
(intransitive, of a pubescent boy's voice) To alternate between high and low register in the process of eventually lowering.


lexentry: eng/crack_down__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crack down
trans_list: подави́ть | подавля́ть
sense:
(idiomatic, often with 'on') To take harsh action (against), as when enforcing a law more stringently than before.


lexentry: eng/cracker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cracker
trans_list: кре́кер | суха́рь | сухо́е пече́нье
sense:
A dry, thin, crispy baked bread (usually salty or savoury, but sometimes sweet, as in the case of graham crackers and animal crackers).


lexentry: eng/cradle__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cradle
trans_list: колыбе́ль | колыбель
sense:
(figuratively) The place of origin, or in which anything is nurtured or protected in the earlier period of existence.


lexentry: eng/cradle__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: cradle
trans_list: ви́лка | гнездо́ | рыча́г
sense:
An implement consisting of a broad scythe for cutting grain, with a set of long fingers parallel to the scythe, designed to receive the grain, and to lay it evenly in a swath.


lexentry: eng/craft__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: craft
trans_list: иску́сство | сноро́вка | уме́ние | хи́трость
sense:
Ability, skilfulness, especially skill in making plans and carrying them into execution; dexterity in managing affairs, adroitness, practical cunning; ingenuity in constructing, dexterity [9th century].


lexentry: eng/craft__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: craft
trans_list: ремесло́
sense:
(countable, plural crafts) A branch of skilled work or trade, especially one requiring manual dexterity or artistic skill, but sometimes applied equally to any business, calling or profession; the skilled practice of a practical occupation [since the 9th century].


lexentry: eng/cram__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cram
trans_list: вти́скивать | вти́снуть | запи́хивать | запихну́ть | наби́ть | набива́ть
sense:
(transitive) To press, force, or drive, particularly in filling, or in thrusting one thing into another; to stuff; to fill to superfluity.


lexentry: eng/cram__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: cram
trans_list: вы́зубрить | зубри́ть
sense:
(transitive) To put hastily through an extensive course of memorizing or study, as in preparation for an examination.


lexentry: eng/cram_school__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cram school
trans_list: ку́рсы | подготови́тельные ку́рсы
sense:
(education) A specialized school that trains students to meet particular goals, most commonly to pass the entrance examinations of high schools or universities.


lexentry: eng/crampon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crampon
trans_list: кошка | шип
sense:
An attachment to a shoe or boot that provides traction by means of spikes. Used for climbing or walking on slippery surfaces, especially ice.


lexentry: eng/cranberry_juice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cranberry juice
trans_list: клю́квенный сок
sense:
The unfermented juice of squeezed cranberries, often mixed with water and a sweetener, used as a beverage.


lexentry: eng/crane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crane
trans_list: жура́вль | журавль | кран
sense:
Any bird of the family Gruidae, large birds with long legs and a long neck which is extended during flight.


lexentry: eng/crane__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: crane
trans_list: кран | подъёмный кран
sense:
A mechanical lifting machine or device, often used for lifting heavy loads for industrial or construction purposes.


lexentry: eng/cranefly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cranefly
trans_list: долгоно́жка
sense:
Any of various large flies of the suborder Tipulomorpha that have slender bodies and very long legs and that resemble giant mosquitoes.


lexentry: eng/cranial_nerve__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cranial nerve
trans_list: че́репно-мозгово́й нерв | черепно́й нерв
sense:
(neuroanatomy) Any of the twelve paired nerves that originate from the brainstem or base of the brain instead of the spinal cord.


lexentry: eng/cranium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cranium
trans_list: черепна́я коро́бка
sense:
(skeleton) That part of the skull consisting of the bones enclosing the brain, but not including the bones of the face or jaw.


lexentry: eng/crank__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crank
trans_list: изги́б | кривоши́п | крюк | поворо́т | фрик
sense:
A bent piece of an axle or shaft, or an attached arm perpendicular, or nearly so, to the end of a shaft or wheel, used to impart a rotation to a wheel or other mechanical device; also used to change circular into reciprocating motion, or reciprocating into circular motion.


lexentry: eng/crap__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crap
trans_list: блядь | чёрт
sense:
(slang, often, _, vulgar) Expression of worry, fear, shock, surprise, disgust, annoyance, or dismay.


lexentry: eng/crape_myrtle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crape myrtle
trans_list: лагерстрёмия
sense:
Any of the genus Lagerstroemia, family Lythraceae, shrubs or small trees, certain of which are ornamental, bearing big gaudy blooms.


lexentry: eng/crash__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: crash
trans_list: [[аварийный|авари́йное]] [[заверше́ние]] | вылета́ние | паде́ние | поло́мка
sense:
(computing) A malfunction of computer software or hardware which causes it to shut down or become partially or totally inoperable.


lexentry: eng/crash__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: crash
trans_list: крах | колла́пс | прова́л
sense:
(finance) A sudden large decline of business or the prices of stocks (especially one that causes additional failures).


lexentry: eng/crash__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: crash
trans_list: гро́хнуть | нагря́нуть | разби́ть | слома́ть
sense:
(transitive) To cause something to collide with something else, especially when this results in damage.


lexentry: eng/crash__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: crash
trans_list: переночева́ть
sense:
(intransitive, slang) To make or experience informal temporary living arrangements, especially overnight.


lexentry: eng/crash_landing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crash landing
trans_list: авари́йная поса́дка
sense:
The landing of an aircraft or spacecraft in an emergency, either in an inappropriate place or under dangerous circumstances, usually with damage to the aircraft.


lexentry: eng/crash_test__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crash test
trans_list: краш-тест
sense:
A test of crashworthiness, usually involving the controlled crashing of a vehicle with dummies in place of human passengers.


lexentry: eng/crasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: crasis
trans_list: кра́зис
sense:
(linguistics) External vowel sandhi; contraction of a vowel or diphthong at the end of a word with a vowel or diphthong at the start of the following word.


lexentry: eng/crater__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: crater
trans_list: кра́тер | жерло́ | кратер
sense:
(geology) The basin-like opening or mouth of a volcano, through which the chief eruption comes; similarly, the mouth of a geyser, about which a cone of silica is often built up. [from 1610s]


lexentry: eng/crawl__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crawl
trans_list: кише́ть | по́лзать | ползти́ | попо́лзать | поползти́
sense:
(intransitive) To creep; to move slowly on hands and knees, or by dragging the body along the ground.


lexentry: eng/crayfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crayfish
trans_list: рак | лангу́ст
sense:
Any of numerous freshwater decapod crustaceans in superfamily Astacoidea or Parastacoidea, resembling the related lobster but usually much smaller.


lexentry: eng/creak__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: creak
trans_list: скрипе́ть | скри́пнуть
sense:
(intransitive) To make a prolonged sharp grating or squeaking sound, as by the friction of hard substances.


lexentry: eng/cream__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cream
trans_list: смета́на | сли́вки | сливки
sense:
The butterfat/milkfat part of milk which rises to the top; this part when separated from the remainder.


lexentry: eng/cream__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: cream
trans_list: крем | мазь
sense:
(medicine) A viscous aqueous oil/fat emulsion with a medicament added, used to apply that medicament to the skin. (compare with ointment)


lexentry: eng/creamy__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: creamy
trans_list: густо́й | кре́мовый | сметанообра́зный
sense:
Of food or drink, having the rich taste or thick, smooth texture of cream, whether or not it actually contains cream.


lexentry: eng/crease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crease
trans_list: заги́б | скла́дка | стре́лка
sense:
A line or mark made by folding or doubling any pliable substance; hence, a similar mark, however produced.


lexentry: eng/create__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: create
trans_list: создава́ть | созда́ть | сотвори́ть | твори́ть
sense:
(especially, of a, god) To bring into existence out of nothing, without the prior existence of the materials or elements used.


lexentry: eng/create__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: create
trans_list: создать
sense:
To make#Verb or produce#Verb from other (e.g. raw, unrefined or scattered) materials or combinable elements or ideas; to design or invest with a new form, shape, function, etc.


lexentry: eng/creatine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: creatine
trans_list: креатин
sense:
(amino acid) An amino acid, 2-(carbamimidoyl-methyl- amino)acetic acid, which naturally occurs in vertebrates and helps to supply energy to muscle and nerve cells.


lexentry: eng/creatinine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: creatinine
trans_list: креатинин
sense:
(biochemistry) A heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-1-methyl-5H-imidazol-4-one, formed by the metabolism of creatine.


lexentry: eng/creationism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: creationism
trans_list: креациони́зм | креационизм
sense:
Any creationary belief, especially a belief that the origin of things is due to an event or process of creation brought about by the deliberate act of any divine agency, such as a Creator God.


lexentry: eng/creative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: creative
trans_list: созида́тельный | тво́рческий
sense:
Tending to create things, or having the ability to create; often, excellently, in a novel fashion, or any or all of these.


lexentry: eng/creative_work__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: creative work
trans_list: иску́сство | тво́рчество | творе́ние
sense:
(chiefly, copyright) A tangible manifestation of creative effort, such as literature, music, paintings, and software.


lexentry: eng/creator__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: creator
trans_list: созда́тель | созда́тельница | творе́ц
sense:
(social media) Ellipsis of content creator, someone who regularly produces and publishes content on social media, especially of a monetizable nature.


lexentry: eng/credibility__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: credibility
trans_list: достове́рность
sense:
(legal) Believability of statements by a witness, as measured by whether the testimony is probable or improbable when judged by common experience.


lexentry: eng/credit__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: credit
trans_list: ти́тры
sense:
(television/film, usually, in the plural) Written titles and other information about the TV program or movie shown at the beginning and/or end of the TV program or movie.


lexentry: eng/credit__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: credit
trans_list: креди́т
sense:
(uncountable, law, business, finance) A privilege of delayed payment extended to a buyer or borrower on the seller's or lender's belief that what is given will be repaid.


lexentry: eng/credit__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: credit
trans_list: [[креди́тный]] [[ре́йтинг]] | кредитоспосо́бность
sense:
(uncountable, US) A person's credit rating or creditworthiness, as represented by their history of borrowing and repayment (or non payment).


lexentry: eng/credit__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: credit
trans_list: креди́т
sense:
(accounting) An addition to certain accounts; the side of an account on which payments received are entered.


lexentry: eng/credit__Noun__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: credit
trans_list: зачёт
sense:
(countable) A course credit, a credit hour – used as measure if enough courses have been taken for graduation.


lexentry: eng/credit_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: credit card
trans_list: креди́тка | креди́тная ка́рта | креди́тная ка́рточка | кредитная карта
sense:
(banking) A plastic card, usually with a magnetic strip or an embedded microchip, connected to a credit account and used to buy goods or services.


lexentry: eng/credit_rating__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: credit rating
trans_list: креди́тный ре́йтинг
sense:
(finance) An estimate, based on a company, government or person's history of borrowing and repayment or available financial resources, that is used by creditors to determine the maximum amount of credit that can be extended without undue risk.


lexentry: eng/credit_union__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: credit union
trans_list: кооперати́вный банк | креди́тный кооперати́в | креди́тный сою́з
sense:
(finance) A financial cooperative similar to a bank but owned and controlled by its members, often restricted to a local area or sometimes to a single profession.


lexentry: eng/credo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: credo
trans_list: кре́до
sense:
A statement of a belief or a summary statement of a whole belief system; also (metonymically) the belief or belief system itself.


lexentry: eng/creed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: creed
trans_list: ве́ра | вероиспове́дание | конфе́ссия | кре́до
sense:
That which is believed; accepted doctrine, especially religious doctrine; a particular set of beliefs; any summary of principles or opinions professed or adhered to.


lexentry: eng/creed__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: creed
trans_list: кре́до | си́мвол ве́ры
sense:
(specifically, religion) A reading or statement of belief that summarizes the faith it represents; a confession of faith for public use, especially one which is brief and comprehensive.


lexentry: eng/creek__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: creek
trans_list: бу́хта | бу́хточка | зали́в
sense:
(British) A small inlet or bay, often saltwater, narrower and extending farther into the land than a cove; a recess in the shore of the sea, or of a river; the inner part of a port that is used as a dock for small boats.


lexentry: eng/creek__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: creek
trans_list: руче́й
sense:
(Australia, New Zealand, Canada, US) A stream of water, typically a stream of freshwater smaller than a river; in Australia, also used of river-sized bodies of water.


lexentry: eng/creep__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: creep
trans_list: отморо́зок | уро́д
sense:
(uncountable) The gradual expansion or proliferation of something beyond its original goals or boundaries, considered negatively.


lexentry: eng/creep__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: creep
trans_list: хмырь
sense:
(informal, pejorative) Someone creepy (annoyingly unpleasant), especially one who is strange or eccentric.


lexentry: eng/creep__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: creep
trans_list: кра́сться | подкра́дываться | ползти́
sense:
To move in a stealthy or secret manner; to move imperceptibly or clandestinely; to steal in; to insinuate itself or oneself.


lexentry: eng/creeper__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: creeper
trans_list: ползучее растение
sense:
Any plant (as ivy or periwinkle) that grows by creeping, especially a climbing plant of the genus Parthenocissus.


lexentry: eng/crema__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crema
trans_list: крем-фреш
sense:
A Mexican foodstuff, the Mexican version of crème fraîche or sour cream. Its fat content is usually higher than that of sour cream, and it is thinner and less sour.


lexentry: eng/creodont__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: creodont
trans_list: креодонт
sense:
A member of the extinct Creodonta order of mammals that lived from the Paleocene to the Pliocene epoch.


lexentry: eng/creole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: creole
trans_list: [[крео́льский]] [[язы́к]] | [[креолизо́ванный]] [[язы́к]] | крео́л
sense:
(linguistics) A language formed from two or more languages which has developed from a pidgin to become a first language.


lexentry: eng/crescendo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crescendo
trans_list: креще́ндо
sense:
(music) An instruction to play gradually more loudly, denoted by a long, narrow angle with its apex on the left ( < ), by musicians called a hairpin.


lexentry: eng/crescent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crescent
trans_list: полуме́сяц | полумесяц
sense:
The figure of the moon as it appears between its first or last quarter and the new moon, with concave and convex edges terminating in points.


lexentry: eng/crescent_moon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crescent moon
trans_list: лунный серп
sense:
The Moon as it appears early in its first quarter or late in its last quarter, when only a small arc-shaped section of the visible portion is illuminated by the Sun.


lexentry: eng/cress__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cress
trans_list: кресс | кресс-сала́т
sense:
(plants) A plant of various species, chiefly cruciferous. The leaves have a moderately pungent taste, and are used as a salad and antiscorbutic.


lexentry: eng/cresset__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cresset
trans_list: намордник
sense:
(coopering) A small furnace or iron cage to hold fire for charring the inside of a cask, and making the staves flexible.


lexentry: eng/crest__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: crest
trans_list: гре́бень | гребешо́к | хохоло́к
sense:
A tuft, or other natural ornament, growing on an animal's head, for example the comb of a cockerel, the swelling on the head of a snake, the lengthened feathers of the crown or nape of bird, etc.


lexentry: eng/crest__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: crest
trans_list: плюма́ж
sense:
The plume of feathers, or other decoration, worn on or displayed on a helmet; the distinctive ornament of a helmet.


lexentry: eng/crested_tit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crested tit
trans_list: сини́ца-гренаде́р | хохла́тая сини́ца
sense:
Lophophanes cristatus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae, with an erectile crest, the tip of which is often recurved.


lexentry: eng/cretin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cretin
trans_list: крети́н
sense:
(pathology) A person who fails to develop mentally and physically due to a congenital hypothyroidism. [from 1779]


lexentry: eng/cretinism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cretinism
trans_list: кретини́зм
sense:
(disease) A condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to the untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones.


lexentry: eng/crew__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crew
trans_list: экипа́ж | ба́нда | кома́нда | компа́ния | ша́йка
sense:
A group of people (often staff) manning and operating a large facility or piece of equipment such as a factory, ship, boat, airplane, or spacecraft.


lexentry: eng/cri_du_chat_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cri du chat syndrome
trans_list: синдром кошачьего крика
sense:
(medicine) A rare genetic disorder identified by the catlike cry of the infant, caused by an absence of some genetic material on the fifth chromosome.


lexentry: eng/crib__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crib
trans_list: [[детский|де́тская]] [[крова́тка]] | крова́тка
sense:
(US) A baby’s bed with high, often slatted, often moveable sides, suitable for a child who has outgrown a cradle or bassinet.


lexentry: eng/crib__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: crib
trans_list: я́сли
sense:
A manger, a feeding trough for animals elevated off the earth or floor, especially one for fodder such as hay.


lexentry: eng/crib__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: crib
trans_list: спи́сывание
sense:
The baby Jesus and the manger in a creche or nativity scene, consisting of statues of Mary, Joseph and various other characters such as the magi.


lexentry: eng/crib__Noun__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: crib
trans_list: спи́сывание | шпарга́лка | шпо́ра
sense:
(usually, in the plural) A collection of quotes or references for use in speaking, for assembling a written document, or as an aid to a project of some sort; a crib sheet.


lexentry: eng/cribbage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cribbage
trans_list: кри́ббедж | кри́ббидж | кри́бедж | кри́бидж
sense:
(card games) A point-counting card game for two players, with variants for three or four players; the cribbage board used for scoring to 61 or 121 points in numerous small increments is characteristic.


lexentry: eng/cricket__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cricket
trans_list: сверчо́к | сверчок
sense:
An insect in the order Orthoptera, especially family Gryllidae, that makes a chirping sound by rubbing its wing casings against combs on its hind legs.


lexentry: eng/crime_against_humanity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crime against humanity
trans_list: преступле́ние про́тив челове́чества
sense:
(now, chiefly, legal) A very destructive and immoral act; later specifically, something causing widespread human misery or loss of life; an atrocity. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/crime_of_passion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crime of passion
trans_list: преступле́ние на по́чве стра́сти
sense:
(law, criminology) A crime, typically a violent crime such as assault or murder, committed against a loved one because of sudden jealous rage or heartbreak rather than as a premeditated act.


lexentry: eng/crime_rate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crime rate
trans_list: уровень преступности
sense:
(law, criminology) A measure of incidences of crime in a given area, especially in comparison to its population.


lexentry: eng/crime_scene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crime scene
trans_list: ме́сто преступле́ния
sense:
The location of a crime, especially one at which forensic evidence is collected in a controlled manner.


lexentry: eng/criminal_code__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: criminal code
trans_list: уголо́вный ко́декс | УК
sense:
(legal) A document which compiles all, or a significant amount of, a particular jurisdiction's criminal law.


lexentry: eng/criminalization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: criminalization
trans_list: криминализа́ция
sense:
The act of making a previously legal activity illegal, the act of making something a criminal offence.


lexentry: eng/crimini__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crimini
trans_list: шампиньон
sense:
A dark brown edible mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, that has a rounded cap; called a portobello when mature


lexentry: eng/crimp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crimp
trans_list: обжи́м
sense:
A fastener or a fastening method that secures parts by bending metal around a joint and squeezing it together, often with a tool that adds indentations to capture the parts.


lexentry: eng/cringe__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cringe
trans_list: кринж | кукож
sense:
(intransitive, figuratively) To experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear; (by extension) to feel very embarrassed.


lexentry: eng/cringeworthiness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cringeworthiness
trans_list: кринж | куко́ж
sense:
The property of being cringeworthy; awkwardness or embarrassment which causes an onlooker to cringe.


lexentry: eng/cripple__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cripple
trans_list: инвали́д | инвали́дка | кале́ка
sense:
(sometimes, _, offensive) A person who has severely impaired physical abilities because of deformation, injury, or amputation of parts of the body.


lexentry: eng/cripple__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: cripple
trans_list: ограничивать функциональность | урезать функционал
sense:
To release a product (especially a computer program) with reduced functionality, in some cases, making the item essentially worthless.


lexentry: eng/crippled__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: crippled
trans_list: изуве́ченный | искале́ченный
sense:
(usually, _, offensive) Having any difficulty or impediment which can be likened to a crippling injury.


lexentry: eng/crisis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: crisis
trans_list: кри́зис | кризис
sense:
An unstable situation, in political, social, economic or military affairs, especially one involving an impending abrupt change.


lexentry: eng/crisis__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: crisis
trans_list: кри́зис | криз | кризис
sense:
(medicine) A sudden change in the course of a disease, usually at which point the patient is expected to either recover or die.


lexentry: eng/critical_mass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: critical mass
trans_list: крити́ческая ма́сса | критическая масса
sense:
(nuclear physics) The minimum amount of fissile material needed to support a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.


lexentry: eng/critical_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: critical point
trans_list: крити́ческая то́чка
sense:
(thermodynamics) The temperature and pressure at which the vapour density of the gas and liquid phases of a fluid are equal, at which point there is no difference between gas and liquid.


lexentry: eng/critical_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: critical point
trans_list: крити́ческая то́чка
sense:
(mathematics) A maximum, minimum or point of inflection on a curve; a point at which the derivative of a function is zero or undefined.


lexentry: eng/critical_thinking__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: critical thinking
trans_list: крити́ческое мышле́ние
sense:
The application of logical principles, rigorous standards of evidence, and careful reasoning to the analysis and discussion of claims, beliefs, and issues.


lexentry: eng/croak__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: croak
trans_list: завали́ть | замочи́ть | ко́кнуть | сдо́хнуть | сдыха́ть
sense:
To complain; especially, to grumble; to forebode evil; to utter complaints or forebodings habitually.


lexentry: eng/crochet__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crochet
trans_list: [[вяза́ть]] [[крючок|крючко́м]] | вяза́ть
sense:
(ambitransitive) To make (a piece of) needlework using a hooked needle; to make interlocking loops of thread.


lexentry: eng/crockery__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: crockery
trans_list: посу́да
sense:
Dishes, plates, and similar tableware collectively, usually made of some ceramic material, used for serving food on and eating from.


lexentry: eng/crocket__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crocket
trans_list: крабб
sense:
(architectural element) Any of a series of hook-shaped decorative floral elements used in Gothic architecture.


lexentry: eng/crocodile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crocodile
trans_list: крокоди́л | крокодил
sense:
Any of the predatory amphibious reptiles of the family Crocodylidae; (loosely) a crocodilian, any species of the order Crocodilia, which also includes the alligators, caimans and gavials.


lexentry: eng/crocus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crocus
trans_list: кро́кус | шафра́н
sense:
A perennial flowering plant (of the genus Crocus in the Iridaceae family). Saffron is obtained from the stamens of Crocus sativus.


lexentry: eng/croft__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: croft
trans_list: хутор
sense:
An enclosed piece of land, usually small and arable and used for small-scale food production, and often with a dwelling next to it; in particular, such a piece of land rented to a farmer (a crofter), especially in Scotland, together with a right to use separate pastureland shared by other crofters.


lexentry: eng/cromlech__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cromlech
trans_list: кро́млех
sense:
A dolmen or ancient underground tomb in Wales, usually made with stones disposed in a circular shape.


lexentry: eng/crony_capitalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crony capitalism
trans_list: кумовской капитализм
sense:
(politics, idiomatic) A form of capitalism in which success in business depends on corrupt close relationships with government officials, often implying favouritism.


lexentry: eng/cronyism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cronyism
trans_list: блат | крони́зм | кумовство́ | непоти́зм
sense:
(originally, US, derogatory) Favouritism to friends without regard for their qualifications; especially (politics) , in their appointment to political positions.


lexentry: eng/crook__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: crook
trans_list: изги́б
sense:
(obsolete) A support beam consisting of a post with a cross-beam resting upon it; a bracket or truss consisting of a vertical piece, a horizontal piece, and a strut.


lexentry: eng/crook__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: crook
trans_list: по́сох
sense:
A specialized staff with a semi-circular bend (a "hook") at one end used by shepherds to control their herds.


lexentry: eng/croon__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: croon
trans_list: напева́ть
sense:
To hum or sing (a song or tune), or to speak (words), softly in a low pitch or in a sentimental manner; specifically, to sing (a popular song) in a low, mellow voice.


lexentry: eng/crop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crop
trans_list: посе́в | сельскохозя́йственная культу́ра
sense:
(agriculture) A plant, grown for it, or its fruits or seeds, to be harvested as food, livestock fodder, or fuel or for any other economic purpose.


lexentry: eng/crop__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: crop
trans_list: зоб
sense:
(anatomy) A pouch-like part of the alimentary tract of some birds (and some other animals), used to store food before digestion or for regurgitation.


lexentry: eng/crop__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: crop
trans_list: обреза́ть
sense:
(transitive) To remove the outer parts of a photograph or other image, typically in order to frame the subject better.


lexentry: eng/crop_circle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crop circle
trans_list: круги́ на поля́х
sense:
An area in a field of crops where the stalks have been flattened into a circle or other geometric shape, performed as a prank or sometimes ascribed to UFO activity etc.


lexentry: eng/crop_milk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crop milk
trans_list: голуби́ное молоко́ | зо́бное молоко́ | пти́чье молоко́
sense:
A semi-solid substance, somewhat like pale yellow cottage cheese, secreted from the lining of the crop of (both male and female) pigeons and doves that is fed to their young (squabs) through regurgitation. An analog to crop milk is also secreted from the esophagus of flamingos and some penguins.


lexentry: eng/crop_rotation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crop rotation
trans_list: многопо́лье | севооборо́т
sense:
(agriculture) A farming practice in which the same land is used to grow different crops in successive seasons or years (when once the land would have been left fallow); used to prevent erosion and increase fertility.


lexentry: eng/croquembouche__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: croquembouche
trans_list: крокембу́ш
sense:
A French dessert made by piling profiteroles and other crunchy sweets in a tall shape, then pouring caramel over them to hold them in place.


lexentry: eng/croquet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: croquet
trans_list: кроке́т
sense:
(uncountable, games) A game played on a lawn, in which players use mallets to drive balls through hoops (wickets).


lexentry: eng/croquette__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: croquette
trans_list: кроке́т | фрикаде́лька
sense:
(culinary) A minced, cooked food (usually meat or vegetables), which is deep-fried in fat and sometimes sprinkled with breadcrumbs.


lexentry: eng/croquis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: croquis
trans_list: абрис
sense:
(arts) A quick and sketchy drawing, often of a live model. Croquis drawings are usually made in a few minutes, after which the model changes pose and another croquis is drawn.


lexentry: eng/crosier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crosier
trans_list: по́сох
sense:
A staff with a hooked end similar to a shepherd's crook, or with a cross at the end, carried by an abbot, bishop, or archbishop as a symbol of office.


lexentry: eng/cross-country_skiing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cross-country skiing
trans_list: [[ката́ние]] на [[беговы́х лы́жах]]
sense:
(sports) An endurance sport and method of getting about involving travelling on skis, uphill as well as downhill.


lexentry: eng/cross-dresser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cross-dresser
trans_list: кроссдре́ссер
sense:
A person who wears clothing which society considers appropriate only for members of the opposite sex.


lexentry: eng/cross-examination__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cross-examination
trans_list: перекрёстный допро́с
sense:
(legal) The interrogation or questioning of a witness by the party against whom they have been called and examined, in an attempt to prove or reveal something false or untold during direct examination.


lexentry: eng/cross-purpose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cross-purpose
trans_list: противоречие
sense:
(idiomatic) A contrary or conflicting purpose or understanding, especially an unintentional or misconceived one.


lexentry: eng/cross-reference__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cross-reference
trans_list: перекрёстная ссы́лка
sense:
A reference or direction in one place in a book or other source of information to information at another place in the same work.


lexentry: eng/cross__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cross
trans_list: крест | крестик
sense:
A geometrical figure consisting of two straight lines or bars intersecting each other such that at least one of them is bisected by the other.


lexentry: eng/cross__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cross
trans_list: крест | крестик
sense:
(heraldiccharge) Any geometric figure having this or a similar shape, such as a cross of Lorraine or a Maltese cross.


lexentry: eng/cross__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: cross
trans_list: крест | крестик
sense:
A wooden post with a perpendicular beam attached and used (especially in the Roman Empire) to execute criminals (by crucifixion).


lexentry: eng/cross__Noun__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: cross
trans_list: крест | крестик
sense:
A place where roads intersect and lead off in four directions; a crossroad (common in UK and Irish place names such as Gerrards Cross).


lexentry: eng/cross_country__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cross country
trans_list: кросс
sense:
(sports) A running sport popular in US high schools, colleges, etc., where participants race over varying terrain (e.g. golf courses, roads, etc.) in approximately 5- to 10-kilometre races. Abbreviated XC.


lexentry: eng/cross_tabulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cross tabulation
trans_list: [[комбинационный|комбинацио́нная]] [[табли́ца]] | кросс-та́б | перекрёстное [[табули́рование]]
sense:
(statistics) A presentation of data about categorical variable in a tabular form to aid in identifying a relationship between the variables.


lexentry: eng/cross_to_bear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cross to bear
trans_list: орден
sense:
(idiomatic) A problem, or unpleasant or painful situation or person that one has to accept and deal with, although one finds it very difficult, or it causes trouble or worry over a long period of time.


lexentry: eng/crossbill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crossbill
trans_list: клёст
sense:
Any of various finches of the genus Loxia, whose bill crosses over at the tips; they are specialist feeders on conifer cones.


lexentry: eng/crossfire__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crossfire
trans_list: перекрёстный ого́нь
sense:
(military) An arrangement of two or more weapons so each can fire diagonally at something in front of a line between them.


lexentry: eng/crossguard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crossguard
trans_list: гвардеец
sense:
A bar of metal, at right-angles, between the blade and the hilt of a sword that stops an opponent's blade from sliding down and injuring the hand of the person wielding the sword.


lexentry: eng/crossing__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: crossing
trans_list: средокре́стие
sense:
(architecture) The volume formed by the intersection of chancel, nave and transepts in a cruciform church; often with a tower or cupola over it.


lexentry: eng/crosstalk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crosstalk
trans_list: перекрёстные [[помеха|поме́хи]]
sense:
(electronics) Undesirable signals from a neighbouring transmission circuit; undesired coupling between circuits.


lexentry: eng/crosstree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crosstree
trans_list: са́линг
sense:
(nautical) A light timber or metal spreader fixed athwartships part way up a mast to spread the shrouds from higher up


lexentry: eng/crossword__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crossword
trans_list: кроссво́рд | кроссворд
sense:
(games, puzzles) A word puzzle in which interlocking words are entered usually horizontally and vertically into a grid based on clues given for each word.


lexentry: eng/crotale__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crotale
trans_list: анти́чная таре́лочка
sense:
(musical instrument, usually, in the plural) A percussion instrument of archaic origin, resembling a metal castanet or cymbal.


lexentry: eng/crotch__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: crotch
trans_list: пах | проме́жность
sense:
The ventral area (very bottom) of the human body between where the legs fork from the torso, in the area of the genitals and anus.


lexentry: eng/crotonic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crotonic acid
trans_list: крото́новая кислота́
sense:
(carboxylic acid) An unsaturated organic acid, trans--CH3-CH=CH-COOH, found in croton oil and having many industrial uses; the cis- form is isocrotonic acid.


lexentry: eng/crouch__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crouch
trans_list: ви́ться | извива́ться | пресмыка́ться | присе́сть | приседа́ть | раболе́пствовать
sense:
(intransitive) To bend down; to stoop low; to stand close to the ground with legs bent, like an animal when waiting for prey, or someone in fear.


lexentry: eng/croup__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: croup
trans_list: круп
sense:
(pathology) An infectious illness of the larynx, especially in young children, causing respiratory difficulty.


lexentry: eng/crow's_nest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crow's nest
trans_list: марс
sense:
(nautical) A small open-top shelter, originally a cask, on the top of the foremast, large enough to accommodate a lookout. It was used by whalers to watch for a blow (spout), or in icebound waters to seek a channel.


lexentry: eng/crow__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crow
trans_list: кукаре́кать | кукарекать
sense:
(intransitive) To make the shrill sound characteristic of a rooster; to make a sound in this manner, either in gaiety, joy, pleasure, or defiance.


lexentry: eng/crowbar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crowbar
trans_list: гвоздодёр | лом | ло́мик | ло́мтик | фо́мка
sense:
An iron or steel bar, often with a flattened end which may also be hook-shaped, to be used as a lever to manually force things apart.


lexentry: eng/crowdfunding__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crowdfunding
trans_list: краудфа́ндинг
sense:
(finance) Funding by many individuals pooling their money together for a common goal, usually via the Internet.


lexentry: eng/crowdsourcing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crowdsourcing
trans_list: краудсо́рсинг
sense:
The delegation of a task to a large diffuse group in order to introduce new or more developed skill sets and improve efficiency. There is usually no substantial monetary compensation involved.


lexentry: eng/crown__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: crown
trans_list: кро́на | корона
sense:
Any currency (originally) issued by the crown (regal power) and often bearing a crown (headdress); (translation) various currencies known by similar names in their native languages, such as the korona, koruna, krona, króna, krone.


lexentry: eng/crown__Noun__1
sense_num: 23
written_rep: crown
trans_list: кро́на | корона
sense:
(chemistry) A monocyclic ligand having three or more binding sites, capable of holding a guest in a central location.


lexentry: eng/crown__Noun__1
sense_num: 27
written_rep: crown
trans_list: коро́на | маку́шка | ма́ковка | те́мя | ту́лья
sense:
(religion) A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure.


lexentry: eng/crown__Verb__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: crown
trans_list: коронова́ть | уве́нчивать
sense:
Of a forest fire or bushfire, to spread to the crowns of the trees and thence move from tree to tree independent of the surface fire.


lexentry: eng/crown_jewels__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crown jewels
trans_list: короле́вские рега́лии
sense:
(literally) The jewelry that accompany the office of rulership in a monarchy, i.e. crown, scepter, signet ring, etc.


lexentry: eng/crown_molding__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crown molding
trans_list: карниз
sense:
(woodworking, interior decorating) A molding at the edge of a room between the ceiling and the wall.


lexentry: eng/crown_prince__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: crown prince
trans_list: престолонасле́дник | престолонасле́дница
sense:
A person expected to inherit or take over an enterprise or undertaking once its current manager retires or dies.


lexentry: eng/crowned_crane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crowned crane
trans_list: венценосный журавль
sense:
Either of two species of crane of the genus Balearica (Black Crowned Crane, Balearica pavonina and Grey Crowned Crane, Balearica regulorum) from sub-Saharan Africa.


lexentry: eng/crucial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crucial
trans_list: ключево́й | реша́ющий
sense:
Essential or decisive for determining the outcome or future of something; extremely important; vital.


lexentry: eng/crucible__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crucible
trans_list: ти́гель | тигель
sense:
(chemistry) A cup-shaped piece of laboratory equipment used to contain chemical compounds when heating them to very high temperatures.


lexentry: eng/crucible__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: crucible
trans_list: ти́гель | тигель
sense:
A heat-resistant container in which metals are melted, usually at temperatures above 500°C, commonly made of graphite with clay as a binder.


lexentry: eng/crucible__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: crucible
trans_list: суро́вое испыта́ние
sense:
(figuratively) A very difficult and trying experience, that acts as a refining or hardening process.


lexentry: eng/crucifix__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: crucifix
trans_list: распя́тие | крест | распятие
sense:
An ornamental or symbolic sculptural representation of Christ on a cross, often worn as a pendant or displayed in a Christian church.


lexentry: eng/cruet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cruet
trans_list: графинчик | перечница | солонка
sense:
A small bottle or container used to hold a condiment, such as salt, pepper, oil, or vinegar, for use at a dining table.


lexentry: eng/cruise_control__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cruise control
trans_list: круи́з-контро́ль
sense:
A system that maintains a vehicle at constant set speed, usually until the brake or accelerator is pressed.


lexentry: eng/cruise_ship__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cruise ship
trans_list: круи́зное су́дно | круи́зный кора́бль
sense:
(nautical) A passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are considered an essential part of the experience.


lexentry: eng/cruiser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: cruiser
trans_list: кре́йсер | крейсер
sense:
(nautical, in the days of sail) A frigate or other vessel, detached from the fleet, to cruise independently in search of the enemy or its merchant ships.


lexentry: eng/cruiser__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: cruiser
trans_list: кре́йсер | крейсер
sense:
(nautical) A class of fast warships of medium tonnage, having a long cruising range but less armour and firepower than a battleship.


lexentry: eng/crumpet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crumpet
trans_list: кра́мпет
sense:
A type of savoury cake, typically flat and round, made from batter and yeast, containing many small holes and served toasted, usually with butter.


lexentry: eng/crusade__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crusade
trans_list: кресто́вый похо́д | крестовый поход
sense:
(historical) Any of the Papally-endorsed military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Latin Europe in the 11th to 13th centuries to reconquer the Levant from the Muslims, as well as expeditions along the Baltic Sea and against the Cathars.


lexentry: eng/crush__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crush
trans_list: дави́ть
sense:
To press between two hard objects; to squeeze so as to alter the natural shape or integrity, or to force together into a mass.


lexentry: eng/crush__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: crush
trans_list: дави́ть | разда́вливать
sense:
(intransitive) To be or become broken down or in, or pressed into a smaller volume or area, by external weight or force.


lexentry: eng/crust__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: crust
trans_list: кора́
sense:
(Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Northern US) A slice of bread cut from the end of a loaf; the heel.


lexentry: eng/crustacean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crustacean
trans_list: ракообра́зное
sense:
Any arthropod of the subphylum Crustacea, including lobsters, crabs, shrimp, barnacles and woodlice.


lexentry: eng/crusty__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: crusty
trans_list: ершистый
sense:
(informal, figuratively, of a person or behavior) Short-tempered and gruff but, sometimes, with a harmless or benign inner nature.


lexentry: eng/crutch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crutch
trans_list: косты́ль | костыль
sense:
A device to assist in motion as a cane, especially one that provides support under the arm to reduce weight on a leg.


lexentry: eng/crwth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: crwth
trans_list: кро́та
sense:
(historical) An archaic stringed instrument associated particularly with Wales, though once played widely in Europe, and characterized by a vaulted back and enough space for the player to stop each of the six strings on the fingerboard. Played variously by plucking or bowing.


