# translation

lexentry: eng/peepshow__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: peepshow
trans_list: пип-шо́у | пипшо́у
sense:
A titillating or pornographic display viewed through a small slot, generally equipped with a timer to automatically close the slot when payment has expired.


lexentry: eng/peer-to-peer__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: peer-to-peer
trans_list: децентрализо́ванный | однора́нговый | пи́ринговый
sense:
(computing) Of a network of two or more computers: connected as equal partners and able to share processing, control and access to data and peripherals.


lexentry: eng/peer__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: peer
trans_list: дворя́нка | дворяни́н | пэр
sense:
A noble with a title, i.e., a peerage, and in times past, with certain rights and privileges not enjoyed by commoners.


lexentry: eng/peer_review__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peer review
trans_list: рецензи́рование
sense:
(education) The scholarly process whereby manuscripts intended to be published in an academic journal are reviewed by independent researchers (referees) to evaluate the contribution, i.e. the importance, novelty and accuracy of the manuscript's contents.


lexentry: eng/peignoir__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peignoir
trans_list: пеньюа́р
sense:
A long outer garment for women, usually sheer and made of chiffon and often sold with matching nightgown, negligee or underwear


lexentry: eng/pejoratively__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pejoratively
trans_list: уничижительно
sense:
In a pejorative manner. Insultingly, disparagingly; so as to belittle another or harm their reputation.


lexentry: eng/pellagra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pellagra
trans_list: пелла́гра | пеллагра
sense:
(pathology) A disease characterised by skin lesions and mental confusion, primarily caused by a niacin deficiency. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pellet__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pellet
trans_list: пога́дка
sense:
Compressed byproduct of digestion regurgitated by owls and many other birds of prey, which serves as a waste disposal mechanism for indigestible parts of food, such as fur and bones.


lexentry: eng/peloton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peloton
trans_list: пелото́н
sense:
(cycle racing) A group of riders formed during a cycling road race; especially, the main group of riders; the pack.


lexentry: eng/pelt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pelt
trans_list: ко́жа | шку́ра
sense:
The skin of an animal with the hair or wool on; either a raw or undressed hide, or a skin preserved with the hair or wool on it (sometimes worn as a garment with minimal modification).


lexentry: eng/pelvic_floor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pelvic floor
trans_list: диафра́гма та́за
sense:
(anatomy) A muscular partition, formed by the muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue, which spans the area underneath the pelvis.


lexentry: eng/pelvis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pelvis
trans_list: таз
sense:
(anatomy) The large compound bone structure at the base of the spine that supports the legs. It consists of hip bone, sacrum and coccyx.


lexentry: eng/pemmican__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pemmican
trans_list: пеммика́н
sense:
A food made from meat which has been dried and beaten into a paste, mixed with berries and rendered fat, and shaped into little patties. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/pen__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pen
trans_list: автору́чка | перо́ | ру́чка | ша́риковая ру́чка
sense:
A tool, originally made from a feather but now usually a small tubular instrument, containing ink used to write or make marks.


lexentry: eng/pen__Noun__2
sense_num: 06
written_rep: pen
trans_list: перо́
sense:
(now, rare, poetic, dialectal) A feather, especially one of the flight feathers of a bird, angel etc.


lexentry: eng/penal_colony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penal colony
trans_list: [[исправительный|исправи́тельная]] [[коло́ния]] | [[штрафной|штрафна́я]] [[коло́ния]]
sense:
A colonial territory used (mainly) for the detention and forced labor of deportees, typically where free labor is desperately scarce.


lexentry: eng/penalty__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: penalty
trans_list: штраф | [[штрафно́й]] [[бросо́к]] | булли́т
sense:
(ice hockey) A punishment for an infraction of the rules, often in the form of being removed from play for a specified amount of time.


lexentry: eng/penalty_area__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penalty area
trans_list: штрафна́я | штрафна́я пло́щадь
sense:
(football, futsal) An area of a pitch or field, inside which a penalty is given to the offensive team if a foul is made by the defensive team.


lexentry: eng/penalty_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penalty box
trans_list: скаме́йка для оштрафованных игроков | скаме́йка для плохих парней | скаме́йка штрафников
sense:
(ice hockey) An enclosed bench where a player must remain for timed period (a penalty) that is assessed after an infraction.


lexentry: eng/penalty_kick__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penalty kick
trans_list: [[одиннадцатиметро́вый]] [[уда́р]] | одиннадцатиметро́вка | пена́льти
sense:
(soccer) A form of direct free kick, taken from the penalty spot after a defensive foul in the penalty box, with only the goalkeeper defending the goal.


lexentry: eng/penalty_kick__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: penalty kick
trans_list: штрафно́й уда́р
sense:
(rugby) A form of free kick in which the ball may be kicked towards touch, towards the goal or dribbled.


lexentry: eng/penalty_shootout__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penalty shootout
trans_list: се́рия послематчевых пена́льти
sense:
(football, field hockey) A series of penalties (penalty kicks in soccer), taken to decide a winner after a game has resulted in a tie and extra time has been played.


lexentry: eng/penalty_shot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penalty shot
trans_list: одиннадцатиметровый удар
sense:
(ice hockey) A penalty awarded when a team loses a clear scoring opportunity on a breakaway because of a foul committed by an opposing player. A player from the non-offending team is given an attempt to score a goal without opposition from any defending players except the goaltender.


lexentry: eng/penance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penance
trans_list: искупле́ние
sense:
A voluntary self-imposed punishment for a sinful act or wrongdoing. It may be intended to serve as reparation for the act.


lexentry: eng/pencil__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pencil
trans_list: карандаш | каранда́ш
sense:
A writing utensil with a graphite (commonly referred to as lead) shaft, usually blended with clay, clad in wood, and sharpened to a taper. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pencil_lead__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pencil lead
trans_list: графи́т
sense:
The material (usually black or dark gray) which allows a pencil to work. Usually a mixture of graphite and smaller amounts of other material, but not actual lead.


lexentry: eng/pencil_pusher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pencil pusher
trans_list: канцеля́рская кры́са | черни́льная душа́
sense:
(informal, often, derogatory) One who does routine office work; someone involved mainly in paperwork.


lexentry: eng/pendant__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pendant
trans_list: брело́к | куло́н | подве́ска
sense:
A piece of jewellery which hangs down as an ornament, especially worn on a chain around the neck. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/pendeloque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pendeloque
trans_list: подве́ска
sense:
(also, attributive) A drop-shaped diamond or other gem used as a pendant; also, a piece of jewellery in pendant form. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pendentive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pendentive
trans_list: парус
sense:
(architecture) The concave triangular sections of vaulting that provide the transition between a dome and the square base on which it is set and transfer the weight of the dome.


lexentry: eng/penduline_tit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penduline tit
trans_list: ремезовые
sense:
Any of the family of small passerine birds Remizidae, which nearly all make nests which hang from trees; found in Eurasia, Africa, and North America.


lexentry: eng/pendulum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pendulum
trans_list: ма́ятник | маятник
sense:
(clocks, mechanics) A body suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back and forth under the influence of gravity, commonly used to regulate various devices such as clocks.


lexentry: eng/penguin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penguin
trans_list: пингви́н | пингвин
sense:
Any of several flightless sea birds, of order Sphenisciformes, found in the Southern Hemisphere, marked by their usual upright stance, walking on short legs, and (generally) their stark black and white plumage. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/penicillin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penicillin
trans_list: пеницилли́н
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of a group of narrow-spectrum antibiotics obtained from Penicillium molds or synthesized, that have a beta-lactam structure and are active against gram-positive bacteria and used in the treatment of various infections and diseases.


lexentry: eng/penitente__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penitente
trans_list: кальгаспор
sense:
A tall thin blade of hardened snow or ice, found closely spaced in large quantities at high altitudes.


lexentry: eng/penitentiary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (chiefly, US) A state or federal prison for convicted felons; (broadly) a prison.
written_rep: penitentiary
trans_list:
[[исправи́тельный]] дом | [[исправительный|исправи́тельная]] [[коло́ния]] | пенитенциа́рий | тюрьма́


lexentry: eng/penniless__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: penniless
trans_list: без гроша́ | без копе́йки | безде́нежный | мель
sense:
(numismatics, of a country's system of money) Abstaining from the use of penny coins, despite having fully decimalized currency, via rounding of cash transactions (but not necessarily of cashless ones).


lexentry: eng/penny__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penny
trans_list: пе́нни | пенс
sense:
(historical) In the United Kingdom and Ireland, a unit of currency worth 1⁄240 of a pound sterling or Irish pound before decimalisation, or a copper coin worth this amount. Abbreviation: d.


lexentry: eng/pennyroyal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pennyroyal
trans_list: мя́та бло́шница | мя́та боло́тная
sense:
Mentha pulegium, a plant of the mint family, formerly much used in various medicinal treatments and as a flea repellent.


lexentry: eng/pennywhistle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pennywhistle
trans_list: свисту́лька
sense:
(music) A six-holed flute-like instrument with a fipple. They have approximately a two octave range (sometimes a little higher). Stereotypically, they are made out of tin, but in reality they come in all sorts of varieties, including tin, brass, nickel, cane, polymer, etc.


lexentry: eng/pension__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pension
trans_list: пе́нсия | посо́бие
sense:
(finance) An annuity paid regularly as benefit due to a retired employee, serviceman etc. in consideration of past services, originally and chiefly by a government but also by various private pension schemes. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pension__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: pension
trans_list: посо́бие
sense:
(now, _, historical) A regular allowance paid to support a royal favourite, or as patronage of an artist or scholar. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pension__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pension
trans_list: пансиона́т | пансио́н
sense:
A boarding house or small hotel, especially in continental Europe, which typically offers lodging and certain meals and services. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/pension_fund__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pension fund
trans_list: пенсио́нный фонд
sense:
A pool of assets forming an independent legal entity that are bought with the contributions to a pension plan for the exclusive purpose of financing pension plan benefits.


lexentry: eng/pentagram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentagram
trans_list: пентагра́мма | пентаграмма
sense:
The shape of a five-pointed star constructed of five intersecting lines meeting at the vertices, such that a central pentagon and five surrounding isosceles triangles are formed; often with magical connotations; a 5/2 (or 5/3) star polygon.


lexentry: eng/pentakis_dodecahedron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentakis dodecahedron
trans_list: пентакисдодекаэдр
sense:
(mathematics) A Catalan solid equivalent to a dodecahedron with a pentagonal pyramid covering each face


lexentry: eng/pentalogy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentalogy
trans_list: пентало́гия
sense:
A set of five works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as five individual works.


lexentry: eng/pentane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentane
trans_list: пента́н
sense:
(organic compound) An aliphatic hydrocarbon of chemical formula C5H12; either of the three isomers n-pentane, methyl-butane (isopentane), and di-methyl-propane (neopentane); volatile liquids under normal conditions.


lexentry: eng/pentathlon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentathlon
trans_list: пятибо́рье
sense:
An ancient athletics discipline, featuring five events: stadion, wrestling, long jump, javelin and discus


lexentry: eng/pentathlon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pentathlon
trans_list: пятибо́рье
sense:
(athletics) Ellipsis of women's pentathlon.; A 20th-century athletics discipline for women, the women's counterpart of the men's decathlon, the predecessor to the women's heptathlon, featuring five events: hurdles, shot put, high jump, long jump, and a run.


lexentry: eng/pentathlon__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pentathlon
trans_list: пятибо́рье
sense:
(athletics) Ellipsis of modern pentathlon.; a discipline with five events based on late-19th century basic military skills.


lexentry: eng/penthouse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penthouse
trans_list: [[наве́с]] (над дверями) | [[пристро́йка]] (с односкатной крышей) | тент | фли́гель
sense:
(now, historical) A structure or annexe (especially one with a sloping roof) extending from the side of a building, sometimes as protection from the weather. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/penthouse__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: penthouse
trans_list: надстро́йка | пентха́ус
sense:
An apartment or suite found on an upper floor, or floors, of a tall building, especially one that is expensive or luxurious with panoramic views. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pentice__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pentice
trans_list: навес
sense:
(mining) An unexcavated portion of a shaftway, intended to afford protection from falling debris to workers at the bottom of the shaft during certain stages of mining.


lexentry: eng/pentode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pentode
trans_list: пентод
sense:
A thermionic valve similar to a tetrode with the addition of a third grid, the suppressor grid to reduce the secondary emission effect; was/is used in high quality audio and radio products.


lexentry: eng/penultimate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: penultimate
trans_list: предпосле́дний | предпоследний
sense:
(UK, in, _, US, _, usually, formal) Next to last, second to last; immediately preceding the end of a sequence, list, etc.


lexentry: eng/people's__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: people's
trans_list: наро́дный
sense:
In certain socialist states: of, from, or controlled (at least in name) by the common people rather than a ruling elite.


lexentry: eng/people's_house__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: people's house
trans_list: наро́дный дом
sense:
(historical) A leisure and cultural centre built with the intention of making art and cultural appreciation available to the working classes.


lexentry: eng/people__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: people
trans_list: наро́д | на́ция | народ
sense:
(countable, collective) Persons forming or belonging to a particular group, such as a nation, class, ethnic group, country, family, etc.


lexentry: eng/people__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: people
trans_list: лю́ди | люди
sense:
A group of persons regarded as being servants, followers, companions or subjects of a ruler or leader.


lexentry: eng/people__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: people
trans_list: наро́д | люд | народ
sense:
The mass of a community as distinguished from a special class (elite); the commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; the citizens.


lexentry: eng/pepino_melon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pepino melon
trans_list: ды́нная гру́ша | пепи́но
sense:
A South American plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, cultivated for its melon-like fruit, Solanum muricatum.


lexentry: eng/pepo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pepo
trans_list: ты́ква
sense:
A fruit of plants of the gourd family Cucurbitaceae, possessing a hard rind and producing many seeds in a single, central, pulpy chamber.


lexentry: eng/pepper__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pepper
trans_list: пе́рец | болга́рский пе́рец
sense:
(UK, US, Ireland, and, Canada) A fruit of the capsicum plant: red, green, yellow or white, hollow and containing seeds, and in very spicy and mild varieties.


lexentry: eng/pepper_mill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pepper mill
trans_list: перцемо́лка
sense:
A small handheld grinder containing a supply of peppercorns for grinding fresh at the table or in the kitchen.


lexentry: eng/pepper_shaker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pepper shaker
trans_list: пе́речница
sense:
A small container designed to hold pepper and facilitate sprinkling it on food for seasoning purposes.


lexentry: eng/pepper_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pepper tree
trans_list: ши́нус
sense:
Any of the South American trees in the genus Schinus, which have small fruits that have been used as a substitute for black pepper.


lexentry: eng/peppercorn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peppercorn
trans_list: перец
sense:
The seeds of the plant Piper nigrum. Commonly used as a spice, usually but not always ground or crushed.


lexentry: eng/peppermint__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peppermint
trans_list: мя́та | пе́речная мя́та
sense:
A hybrid herb of the mint family (Mentha × piperita), formed by crossing watermint and spearmint, which has a high menthol content and a sharp flavor and is used in cooking, especially in herb teas and in confections. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/peppermint__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: peppermint
trans_list: мя́та | пе́речная мя́та
sense:
(countable) Any of various sweets containing extract of the peppermint herb; peppermint confectionery. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/peppermint_oil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peppermint oil
trans_list: масло мяты перечной
sense:
oil derived from the leaves of the peppermint plant Mentha × piperita, which is used for a number of purposes.


lexentry: eng/pepperwort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pepperwort
trans_list: клопо́вник
sense:
Any of several species of perennial plant in the genus Lepidium (originally specifically dittander, species Lepidium latifolium), which is a member of the mustard and cabbage family. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pepsin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pepsin
trans_list: пепси́н | пепсин
sense:
(enzyme) A digestive enzyme that chemically digests, or breaks down, proteins into shorter chains of amino acids.


lexentry: eng/peptide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peptide
trans_list: пепти́д
sense:
(organic compound) Any of a class of organic compounds consisting of various numbers of amino acids in which the amine of one is reacted with the carboxylic acid of the next to form an amide bond.


lexentry: eng/per_fess__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: per fess
trans_list: купе
sense:
(heraldry) (Partitioned) horizontally; (especially) partitioned horizontally into two halves (formally party per fess).


lexentry: eng/per_pale__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: per pale
trans_list: партия
sense:
(heraldry) (Partitioned) vertically; (especially) partitioned vertically into two halves (formally party per pale).


lexentry: eng/percale__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: percale
trans_list: перка́ль | перкаль
sense:
(textiles) A fine, closely woven fabric, made from cotton, polyester or a mix of these, and used for sheets and clothing.


lexentry: eng/percentile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: percentile
trans_list: перцентиль | процентиль | центиль
sense:
(statistics) Any of the ninety-nine points that divide an ordered distribution into one hundred parts, each containing one per cent of the population.


lexentry: eng/percontation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: percontation
trans_list: анкета
sense:
(formal, rare, or, obsolete) A question which cannot properly be given a one-word answer like “yes” or “no”. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/percussion__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: percussion
trans_list: уда́рный инструме́нт
sense:
(music) The section of an orchestra or band containing percussion instruments; such instruments considered as a group; in bands, may be separate from drum kits.


lexentry: eng/percussion_cap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: percussion cap
trans_list: ка́псюль | писто́н
sense:
a metal cap found on muzzleloading firearms that contains chemical substances such as fulminate that explode upon impact


lexentry: eng/percussionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: percussionist
trans_list: уда́рник | уда́рница
sense:
A trained musician who plays percussion instruments, as opposed to a drummer who lacks formal training.


lexentry: eng/peregrinate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peregrinate
trans_list: путеше́ствовать
sense:
(intransitive) To travel from place to place, or from one country to another, especially on foot; hence, to sojourn in foreign countries.


lexentry: eng/peremptory__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: peremptory
trans_list: догмати́ческий
sense:
Positive in opinion or judgment; absolutely certain, overconfident, unwilling to hear any debate or argument (especially in a pejorative sense); dogmatic.


lexentry: eng/perennial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: perennial
trans_list: ве́чный | постоя́нный
sense:
Continuing without cessation or intermission for several years, or for an undetermined or infinite period; neverending or never failing; perpetual, unceasing.


lexentry: eng/perennial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: perennial
trans_list: многоле́тний
sense:
(botany) Of a plant: active throughout the year, or having a life cycle of more than two growing seasons.


lexentry: eng/perennial__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perennial
trans_list: многолетнее [[расте́ние]]
sense:
(botany) A plant that is active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons.


lexentry: eng/perestroika__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perestroika
trans_list: перестро́йка | перестройка
sense:
(historical, uncountable) A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev.


lexentry: eng/perfect_fifth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfect fifth
trans_list: чи́стая кви́нта
sense:
(music) An interval equal to that of between the second and third harmonics of the harmonic series. In twelve-tone equal temperament, it spans seven semitones or five degrees of the diatonic scale.


lexentry: eng/perfect_pitch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfect pitch
trans_list: абсолю́тный слух
sense:
(music, uncountable) The ability to identify a note by name on hearing it, or to re-create a specified note from memory, without the benefit of an externally provided reference pitch.


lexentry: eng/perfect_tense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfect tense
trans_list: перфе́кт | соверше́нное вре́мя
sense:
A verb form indicating that an action or state has been completed at the present time, in the past, or shall be completed in the future.


lexentry: eng/perfection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfection
trans_list: соверше́нство | совершенство
sense:
The quality or state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing substandard remains; the highest attainable state or degree of excellence


lexentry: eng/perfectionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfectionist
trans_list: перфекциони́ст | перфекциони́стка
sense:
Someone who is unwilling to settle for anything that is not perfect or does not meet extremely high standards. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/perfective_aspect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfective aspect
trans_list: соверше́нный вид
sense:
(grammar) A feature of the verb which denotes viewing the event the verb describes as a completed whole, rather than from within the event as it unfolds. For example, "she sat down" as opposed to "she was sitting down". Since the focus is on the completion of what is expressed by the verb, this aspect is generally associated with the past and future tenses. This term is often used interchangeably with aorist aspect. This is not to be confused with the perfect tense.


lexentry: eng/perfidious__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfidious
trans_list: вероло́мный | кова́рный | преда́тельский
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or representing perfidy; disloyal to what should command one's fidelity or allegiance. [from late 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/perfidy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: perfidy
trans_list: вероло́мство
sense:
(international law, in warfare) An illegitimate act of deception, such as using symbols like the Red Cross or white flag in a false claim of surrender to gain proximity to an enemy for purposes of attack.


lexentry: eng/perform__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: perform
trans_list: выступа́ть | вы́ступить | вы́полнить | выполня́ть | игра́ть | испо́лнить
sense:
(ambitransitive) To do (something) in front of an audience, such as acting or music, often in order to entertain.


lexentry: eng/performance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: performance
trans_list: выполне́ние | исполне́ние
sense:
The act of performing; carrying into execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment; representation by action.


lexentry: eng/performance__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: performance
trans_list: де́йствие | посту́пок
sense:
That which is performed or accomplished; a thing done or carried through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat; especially, an action of an elaborate or public character.


lexentry: eng/performance_art__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: performance art
trans_list: перфо́манс | перфо́рманс
sense:
(arts) A form of art in which the artist creates a live performance, often using a variety of media.


lexentry: eng/performance_bond__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: performance bond
trans_list: гара́нтия исполне́ния обяза́тельств
sense:
(legal) A contractor's bond, guaranteeing that the contractor will perform the contract and providing that, in the event of default, the surety may complete the contract or pay damages up to the bond limit.


lexentry: eng/perfume__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perfume
trans_list: арома́т | благоуха́ние | духи́ | парфю́м
sense:
A pleasant smell; the scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor


lexentry: eng/pergola__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pergola
trans_list: бесе́дка | наве́с | пе́ргола
sense:
A framework in the form of a passageway of columns that supports a trelliswork roof; used to support and train climbing plants.


lexentry: eng/peridotite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peridotite
trans_list: перидотит
sense:
(geology) A rock consisting of small crystals of olivine, pyroxene and hornblende; the major constituent of the Earth's mantle.


lexentry: eng/perigee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perigee
trans_list: периге́й
sense:
(astronomy) The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is closest to the Earth: the periapsis of an Earth orbiter.


lexentry: eng/perihelion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perihelion
trans_list: периге́лий | перигелий
sense:
(astronomy) The point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, planet, etc., where it is nearest to the Sun.


lexentry: eng/perilla__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perilla
trans_list: пери́лла | судза́
sense:
An East Asian herb with flavorful leaves used in cooking and as a garnish, Perilla frutescens. Also grown for the seeds, which contain an edible and industrially-useful oil.


lexentry: eng/period__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: period
trans_list: и то́чка
sense:
(chiefly, North America) That's final; that's the end of the matter (analogous to a period ending a sentence); end of story.


lexentry: eng/period__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: period
trans_list: то́чка
sense:
(now, chiefly, North America, Philippines) The punctuation mark “.” (indicating the ending of a sentence or marking an abbreviation).


lexentry: eng/period__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: period
trans_list: пери́од | цикл | промежу́ток
sense:
The length of time during which the same characteristics of a periodic phenomenon recur, such as the repetition of a wave or the rotation of a planet. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/period__Noun__1
sense_num: 16
written_rep: period
trans_list: пери́од | уро́к
sense:
(geology) A geochronologic unit of millions to tens of millions of years; a subdivision of an era, and subdivided into epochs.


lexentry: eng/periodic_table__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: periodic table
sense:
(chemistry) A tabular chart of the chemical elements according to their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties are in the same group (column).

trans_list:
периоди́ческая систе́ма | периоди́ческая систе́ма элеме́нтов | периоди́ческая табли́ца | табли́ца Менделе́ева


lexentry: eng/periodical__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: periodical
trans_list: журна́л | перио́дика | периоди́ческое изда́ние
sense:
A regularly issued thematic publication that contains the most current information in its field, often the primary means for communication of original scholarship or creative work at the cutting edge of research in its field.


lexentry: eng/periodontitis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: periodontitis
trans_list: пародонтоз
sense:
(periodontology) A serious form or stage of periodontal disease which may lead to loss of bone and falling out of teeth.


lexentry: eng/peripheral_device__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peripheral device
trans_list: перифери́йное устро́йство
sense:
(computer hardware) An electronic device that is outside the computer's system unit (external to the computer's enclosing case), but used by the computer to which it is connected, such as a printer or a scanner.


lexentry: eng/periphrasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: periphrasis
trans_list: перифра́з | перифра́за
sense:
The use of a longer expression instead of a shorter one with a similar meaning, for example "I am going to" instead of "I will".


lexentry: eng/periscope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: periscope
trans_list: периско́п | перископ
sense:
A form of viewing device that allows the viewer to see things at a different height level and usually with minimal visibility.


lexentry: eng/peristalsis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peristalsis
trans_list: периста́льтика
sense:
(medicine) The rhythmic, wave-like contraction and relaxation of muscles so as to propagate motion, as of food in the digestive tract.


lexentry: eng/peristyle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peristyle
trans_list: перисти́ль
sense:
A colonnade surrounding a courtyard, temple, etc., or the yard enclosed by such columns. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/peritoneal_dialysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peritoneal dialysis
trans_list: перитонеа́льный диа́лиз
sense:
(medicine) A treatment for patients with severe chronic kidney disease in which fluids are exchanged from the blood in the patient's peritoneum in the abdomen.


lexentry: eng/peritoneum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peritoneum
trans_list: брюши́на | брюшина
sense:
(anatomy) In mammals, the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and that is folded over the viscera.


lexentry: eng/peritonitis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peritonitis
trans_list: перитони́т
sense:
(pathology) Inflammation of the peritoneum, especially when caused by an infectious organism introduced into the abdominal cavity.


lexentry: eng/permaculture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: permaculture
trans_list: пермакультура
sense:
(agriculture) Any system of sustainable agriculture that renews natural resources and enriches local ecosystems. [from 1978]


lexentry: eng/permanent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: permanent
trans_list: зави́вка | пермане́нт
sense:
A chemical hair treatment imparting or removing curliness, whose effects typically last for a period of weeks; a perm.


lexentry: eng/permanent_residency__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: permanent residency
trans_list: вид на жи́тельство
sense:
A visa status which allows a person to reside indefinitely in a foreign country without acquiring citizenship in that country


lexentry: eng/permanent_resident__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: permanent resident
trans_list: [[постоя́нный]] [[жи́тель]] | [[постоянный|постоя́нная]] [[жи́тельница]]
sense:
A person with permanent residency, a visa status which allows that person to reside indefinitely in a foreign country without acquiring citizenship in that country.


lexentry: eng/permeability__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: permeability
trans_list: проницаемость
sense:
(physics) A quantitative measure of the degree of magnetization of a material in the presence of an applied magnetic field (measured in newtons per ampere squared in SI units).


lexentry: eng/permeable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: permeable
trans_list: пропускающий | дышащий | проницаемый
sense:
(by extension) Allowing the passage of persons, information, or other things, especially when such passage occurs despite hopes or expectations otherwise.


lexentry: eng/permeate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: permeate
trans_list: прони́зывать | проника́ть | пропи́тывать | проса́чиваться
sense:
(transitive) To pass through the pores or interstices of; to penetrate and pass through without causing rupture or displacement; applied especially to fluids which pass through substances of loose texture


lexentry: eng/permutation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: permutation
trans_list: пермута́ция
sense:
(music) A transformation of a set's prime form, by applying one or more of certain operations, specifically, transposition, inversion, and retrograde.


lexentry: eng/pernoctation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pernoctation
trans_list: ночное бде́ние
sense:
(countable, religion, chiefly, Christianity, obsolete) A religious watch kept during normal sleeping hours, during which prayers or other ceremonies are performed; a vigil.


lexentry: eng/perorate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perorate
trans_list: ора́торствовать
sense:
(intransitive) To speak or declaim at great length, especially in a pompous or grandiloquent manner; to harangue.


lexentry: eng/peroration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peroration
trans_list: резюме
sense:
The concluding section of a discourse, either written or oral, in which the orator or writer sums up and commends his topic to his audience, particularly as used in the technical sense of a component of ancient Roman oratorical delivery.


lexentry: eng/peroxide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peroxide
trans_list: пе́рекись | перокси́д
sense:
(inorganic chemistry) A divalent radical or anion containing two oxygen atoms linked by a covalent bond; any substance containing this group yields hydrogen peroxide when treated with an acid.


lexentry: eng/perpetual_motion_machine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perpetual motion machine
trans_list: вечный двигатель
sense:
(physics, pseudoscience) A hypothetical, pseudoscientific device that exhibits perpetual motion, especially one that does useful work with no input of energy.


lexentry: eng/perpetuate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: perpetuate
trans_list: увекове́чивать | увекове́чить
sense:
(transitive) To make (something) perpetual; to make (something) continue for an indefinite time; also, to preserve (something) from extinction or oblivion.


lexentry: eng/persecute__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: persecute
trans_list: [[подверга́ть]] [[гонение|гоне́ниям]] | пресле́довать
sense:
To pursue in a manner to do harm or cruelty to; especially, because of the victim's race, sexual identity, or adherence to a particular belief.


lexentry: eng/persevere__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: persevere
trans_list: добива́ться
sense:
(intransitive) To persist steadfastly in pursuit of an undertaking, task, journey, or goal, even if hindered by distraction, difficulty, obstacles, or discouragement.


lexentry: eng/persimmon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: persimmon
trans_list: хурма́
sense:
The tree this fruit grows on, generally one of two species of ebony: Diospyros kaki (Asian) or Diospyros virginiana (North American).


lexentry: eng/persistent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: persistent
trans_list: постоя́нный
sense:
(computing) Of data or a data structure: not transient or temporary, but remaining in existence after the termination of the program that creates it.


lexentry: eng/person-to-person__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: person-to-person
trans_list: лицо
sense:
(of a telephone call) Such that the caller is only connected and charged if the person he specified is available to speak.


lexentry: eng/person__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: person
trans_list: челове́к | человек
sense:
(in a compound noun or noun phrase) A human of unspecified gender (in terms usually constructed with man or woman).


lexentry: eng/person__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: person
trans_list: геро́й | герои́ня | де́йствующее лицо́ | персона́ж
sense:
A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character.


lexentry: eng/person__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: person
trans_list: лицо́ | человек | лицо
sense:
(grammar) A linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom they are speaking. See grammatical person. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/personal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: personal
trans_list: ли́чный | персона́льный | личный
sense:
Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals


lexentry: eng/personal_effect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personal effect
trans_list: личная вещь
sense:
(usually, in the plural) An item of personal property that one carries on one's person, including identification, jewelry, and clothing.


lexentry: eng/personal_hygiene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personal hygiene
trans_list: ли́чная гигие́на
sense:
(health sciences) The hygienic measures concerning a person's bodily condition, notably external cleanliness.


lexentry: eng/personal_lubricant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personal lubricant
trans_list: лубрика́нт
sense:
Any lubricant used during human sexual activity to reduce friction between body parts, or between body parts and other objects.


lexentry: eng/personal_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personal space
trans_list: диста́нция | личное простра́нство
sense:
The physical space closely surrounding a person, which can lead to discomfort, anger or anxiety if encroached on.


lexentry: eng/personality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personality
trans_list: ли́чность | индивидуа́льность
sense:
(of people) A set of non-physical psychological and social qualities that make one person distinct from another.


lexentry: eng/personality_disorder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personality disorder
trans_list: ли́чностное расстро́йство | расстро́йство ли́чности
sense:
(psychiatry) Any of a class of mental disorders characterized by ongoing rigid patterns of thought and action.


lexentry: eng/personify__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: personify
trans_list: воплоща́ть | олицетворя́ть
sense:
(transitive) To create a representation of (an abstract quality) in the form of a character or persona.


lexentry: eng/personnel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: personnel
trans_list: ли́чный соста́в | персона́л
sense:
Collection of people in an organization, such as employees and office staff, members of the military, etc.


lexentry: eng/perspective__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: perspective
trans_list: перспекти́ва
sense:
(figuratively) The choice of a single angle or point of view from which to sense, categorize, measure or codify experience.


lexentry: eng/persuade__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: persuade
trans_list: убеди́ть | убежда́ть | угова́ривать | уговори́ть
sense:
(transitive, now, rare, regional) To urge, plead; to try to convince (someone to do something). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/persuasion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: persuasion
trans_list: убежде́ние | уговор
sense:
The act of persuading, or trying to do so; the addressing of arguments to someone with the intention of changing their mind or convincing them of a certain point of view, course of action etc. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/persuasiveness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: persuasiveness
trans_list: убеди́тельность
sense:
The capability of a person or argument to convince or persuade someone to accept a desired way of thinking.


lexentry: eng/perturbation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: perturbation
trans_list: пертурбация
sense:
(countable) A small change in a physical system, or more broadly any definable system (such as a biological or economic system)


lexentry: eng/peruke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peruke
trans_list: пари́к
sense:
A wig, especially one with long hair on the sides and back, worn mainly by men in the 17th and 18th centuries.


lexentry: eng/pervert__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pervert
trans_list: дегенера́т
sense:
(dated) One who has been perverted; one who has turned to error; one who has turned to a twisted sense of values or morals.


lexentry: eng/peryton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peryton
trans_list: перито́н
sense:
A fictional creature having the head and forelegs of a stag and the wings and hindquarters of a bird. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/peso__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peso
trans_list: пе́со
sense:
(historical) A former unit of currency in Spain and Spain's colonies, worth 8 reales; the Spanish dollar.


lexentry: eng/pesticide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pesticide
trans_list: пестици́д | пестициды
sense:
Anything, especially a synthetic substance but also any substance (e.g. sulfur), or virus, bacterium, or other organism, which kills or suppresses the activities of pests.


lexentry: eng/pesto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pesto
trans_list: пе́сто
sense:
A sauce, especially for pasta, originating from the Genoa region in Italy, made from basil, garlic, pine nuts, olive oil and cheese (usually pecorino).


lexentry: eng/pet_door__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pet door
trans_list: [[кошачий|коша́чья]] дверь | [[собачий|соба́чья]] дверь
sense:
An opening in a door for pets to come in and out of the house without requiring a human to open the door.


lexentry: eng/pet_shop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pet shop
trans_list: зоомагази́н
sense:
A shop that sells animals kept as domestic pets, and products for caring for and feeding them. [from 1927]


lexentry: eng/peta-__Prefix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peta-
trans_list: пета-
sense:
In the metric system, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 1015 (a short scale quadrillion or long scale billiard). Symbol: P


lexentry: eng/petal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petal
trans_list: лепесто́к | лепесток
sense:
(botany) One of the component parts of the corolla of a flower. It applies particularly, but not necessarily only, when the corolla consists of separate parts, that is when the petals are not connately fused. Petals are often brightly colored.


lexentry: eng/petasus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petasus
trans_list: петас
sense:
(historical) A broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by the Ancient Greeks and Romans, especially for travelling, and as often pictured to be worn by Hermes (or Mercury); (later also) the brimless winged cap worn by Hermes in later artistic depictions. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/peter_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peter out
trans_list: вы́дохнуться | выдыха́ться
sense:
(intransitive, originally, US) Synonym of peter (“to diminish to nothing, (originally) to refer to a vein of ore”)


lexentry: eng/petit_mal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petit mal
trans_list: ма́лый эпилепти́ческий припа́док
sense:
(neurology) A form of epilepsy where the seizures are characterized as minor, the person becomes vacant or unaware, but not involving spasms and unconsciousness. These seizures are usually brief, lasting up to 30 seconds, and may include twitching. A formal medical term would be absence seizures.


lexentry: eng/petition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petition
trans_list: заявле́ние | пети́ция | проше́ние | хода́тайство
sense:
A formal, written request made to an official person or organized body, often containing many signatures.


lexentry: eng/petrichor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petrichor
trans_list: петрихо́р
sense:
The distinctive scent, caused by geosmin, which accompanies the first rain after a long, warm, dry spell.


lexentry: eng/petrify__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petrify
trans_list: [[превраща́ть]] в [[ка́мень]]
sense:
(transitive) To turn to stone: to harden organic matter by permeating with water and depositing dissolved minerals.


lexentry: eng/petrify__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: petrify
trans_list: камене́ть | окамене́ть
sense:
(transitive, figurative) To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; as by petrification.


lexentry: eng/petrochemistry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petrochemistry
trans_list: нефтехимия
sense:
(petrochemistry) The branch of chemistry that deals with petroleum, natural gas and their derivatives.


lexentry: eng/petrodollar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petrodollar
trans_list: нефтедо́ллар
sense:
(oil industry, mostly, in the plural, also, attributively) Money (either notionally or specifically in dollars or other currencies) earned from the sale of oil, often especially as considered among a national economy's principal revenue streams.


lexentry: eng/petroleum_ether__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petroleum ether
trans_list: петроле́йный эфи́р
sense:
A volatile petroleum fraction, usually available in a number of fractions boiling between 40°C and 140°C. Used as a solvent in the laboratory and industry.


lexentry: eng/petroleum_jelly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petroleum jelly
trans_list: вазели́н
sense:
A pale yellow semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum; used in lubricants and ointments.


lexentry: eng/petticoat__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: petticoat
trans_list: комбина́ция | ни́жняя ю́бка
sense:
A light woman's undergarment worn under a dress or skirt, and hanging either from the shoulders or (now especially) from the waist; a kind of slip, worn to make the skirt fuller, or for extra warmth.


lexentry: eng/petty__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petty
trans_list: мелочный | ме́лкий | пустячный
sense:
Of persons or their behaviour: marked by or reflective of undesirably limited interests, sympathies, or views; begrudging, selfish, small-minded; also, preoccupied with subjects having little or no importance and not mindful of broader concerns. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/petty_bourgeoisie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petty bourgeoisie
trans_list: ме́лкая буржуази́я | меща́нство
sense:
(Marxism) A social class of that bourgeoisie that typically works alongside their employees if they have any, exemplified by shopkeepers and professionals.


lexentry: eng/petty_cash__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petty cash
trans_list: мелочёвка
sense:
Cash available for trivial purchases, especially limited funds for employees to use without close supervision.


lexentry: eng/petty_officer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petty officer
trans_list: у́нтер-офице́р
sense:
A non-commissioned officer in the Canadian, US and UK Navy and the US Coast Guard; roughly equivalent to a sergeant in the army


lexentry: eng/petty_theft__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: petty theft
trans_list: [[мелкий|ме́лкая]] [[кра́жа]]
sense:
A theft of property having a value lower than a certain small amount set forth in a statute, and considered to be a less serious class of crime.


lexentry: eng/pew__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pew
trans_list: [[церковный|церко́вная]] [[скамья́]]
sense:
Any structure shaped like a church pew, such as a stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in a theatre; or a pen or sheepfold.


lexentry: eng/peyote__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: peyote
trans_list: пейот
sense:
A small, spineless cactus (Lophophora williamsii) found from southwest United States to central Mexico that produces buttonlike tubercles that can be chewed for their psychedelic effect, primarily from the drug mescaline.


lexentry: eng/phagocyte__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phagocyte
trans_list: фагоци́т | фагоцит
sense:
(cytology) A cell of the immune system, such as a neutrophil, macrophage or dendritic cell, that engulfs and destroys viruses, bacteria and waste materials, or in the case of mature dendritic cells; displays antigens from invading pathogens to cells of the lymphoid lineage.


lexentry: eng/phalanx__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phalanx
trans_list: фала́нга | фаланга
sense:
(historical, plural phalanxes) An ancient Greek and Macedonian military unit that consisted of several ranks and files (lines) of soldiers in close array with joined shields and long spears.


lexentry: eng/phalanx__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: phalanx
trans_list: фала́нга
sense:
(plural phalanxes or (rare) phalanges) A large group of people, animals or things, compact or closely massed, or tightly knit and united in common purpose.


lexentry: eng/phalarope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phalarope
trans_list: плаву́нчик
sense:
Any of three small wading birds in the genus Phalaropus, of the family Scolopacidae, that have lobed toes.


lexentry: eng/phantom__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phantom
trans_list: при́зрак | тень | фанто́м
sense:
Something apparently seen, heard, or sensed, but having no physical reality; an image that appears only in the mind; an illusion or delusion.


lexentry: eng/phantom_limb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phantom limb
trans_list: при́зрачная коне́чность | фанто́мная коне́чность
sense:
(pathology) The false sensation, which is often painful, that an amputated limb is still present and attached.


lexentry: eng/phantom_pain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phantom pain
trans_list: фанто́мная боль | при́зрачная боль
sense:
(medicine, pathology) A sensation of pain coming from a part of the body that has been amputated, or in which the nerves have been destroyed.


lexentry: eng/pharaoh__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pharaoh
trans_list: фарао́н | фараон
sense:
(historical) The supreme ruler of Ancient Egypt; a formal address for the sovereign seat of power as personified by the "king" in an institutional role of Horus son of Osiris; often used by metonymy for Ancient Egyptian sovereignty


lexentry: eng/pharaoh_ant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pharaoh ant
trans_list: домо́вый мураве́й | корабе́льный мураве́й | фарао́нов мураве́й
sense:
A small yellow-brown ant, Monomorium pharaonis, introduced to virtually every area of the world, considered to be a major indoor pest.


lexentry: eng/pharisaism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pharisaism
trans_list: фарисейство
sense:
(chiefly, Christianity) Rigid observance of external forms of religion without genuine piety; hypocrisy in religion; a censorious, self-righteous spirit in matters of morals or manners.


lexentry: eng/pharmacist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pharmacist
trans_list: апте́карша | апте́карь | фармаце́вт
sense:
(pharmacy) A health professional who controls, formulates, preserves, and dispenses medications and provides medical advice and counseling on how medicines should be used in order to achieve maximum benefit, and minimal side effects in order to avoid drug interactions.


lexentry: eng/pharmacokinetics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pharmacokinetics
trans_list: фармакокине́тика
sense:
(pharmacology) A branch of pharmacology concerned with the rate at which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body.


lexentry: eng/pharmacology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pharmacology
trans_list: фармаколо́гия | фармакология
sense:
The science of drugs, including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.


lexentry: eng/pharmacy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pharmacy
trans_list: фармаце́втика | фармаци́я
sense:
(uncountable) The science of medicinal substances, inclusive of pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, phytochemistry, and forensics.


lexentry: eng/pharyngeal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pharyngeal
trans_list: фарингеа́льный | гло́точный
sense:
(phonetics) Articulated with the pharynx; a term usually describing a consonant which is articulated by the rear area of the tongue being raised to below the region between the uvula and the pharyngeal wall. The term cannot apply to a plosive or stop consonant.


lexentry: eng/pharynx__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pharynx
trans_list: гло́тка | горта́нь | зев | фа́ринкс
sense:
(anatomy) The part of the alimentary canal and respiratory tract that extends from the back of the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus.


lexentry: eng/phase__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phase
trans_list: пери́од | ста́дия | фа́за
sense:
That which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything manifests, especially any one among different and varying appearances of the same object.


lexentry: eng/phase__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: phase
trans_list: фа́за | фаза
sense:
(astronomy) A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form, or the absence, of its enlightened disk. Illustrated in Wikipedia's article Lunar phase.


lexentry: eng/phase__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: phase
trans_list: фа́за | фаза
sense:
(physics) Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.


lexentry: eng/phase__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: phase
trans_list: фа́за
sense:
(chemistry) A component in a material system that is distinguished by chemical composition and/or physical state (solid, liquid or gas) and/or crystal structure. It is delineated from an adjoining phase by an abrupt change in one or more of those conditions.


lexentry: eng/phase_modulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phase modulation
trans_list: модуля́ция участка
sense:
A method of sending information by modifying (modulating) the difference in phase (fraction of a wave length) between a signal and a reference.


lexentry: eng/phase_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phase out
trans_list: оставлять
sense:
(transitive) To remove or relinquish the use of (something) little by little, either via discrete diminishing phases or (by extension) by continuous gradations; to remove in phases, or as if by phases (gradually).


lexentry: eng/phase_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phase space
trans_list: фа́зовое простра́нство
sense:
(mathematics, physics, dynamical system theory) Given a (dynamical) system, any topological space such that every point in the space's underlying set uniquely represents a state of the system and every possible state is represented by some point;(less formally) the underlying set of such a topological space.


lexentry: eng/phase_transition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phase transition
trans_list: фа́зовый перехо́д
sense:
(physics) The transition between thermodynamic phases of a physical system, especially one between the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a substance.


lexentry: eng/pheasant's_eye__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pheasant's eye
trans_list: адо́нис
sense:
Any of genus Adonis of flowering plants in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae), native to Europe and Asia, particularly


lexentry: eng/phencyclidine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phencyclidine
trans_list: фенциклиди́н
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic compound derived from piperidine, used as a veterinary anesthetic and in hallucinogenic drugs such as angel dust.


lexentry: eng/phenol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phenol
trans_list: фено́л | фенол
sense:
(organic compound, uncountable) A caustic, poisonous, white crystalline compound, C6H5OH, derived from benzene and used in resins, plastics, and pharmaceuticals and in dilute form as a disinfectant and antiseptic; once called carbolic acid


lexentry: eng/phenol__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phenol
trans_list: фено́л | фенол
sense:
(organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of aromatic organic compounds having at least one hydroxyl group attached directly to the benzene ring (or other aromatic ring)


lexentry: eng/phenolic_resin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phenolic resin
trans_list: фенопласт
sense:
(chemistry) Any of a particular class of thermosetting resin made through the condensation of phenol (or a phenol derivative) with an aldehyde.


lexentry: eng/phenomenology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phenomenology
trans_list: феноменоло́гия | феноменология
sense:
(philosophy) The study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view.


lexentry: eng/phenomenon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A thing or being, event or process, perceptible through senses; or a fact or occurrence thereof.
written_rep: phenomenon
trans_list:
фено́мен | явле́ние | [[необыкновенный|необыкнове́нное]] [[явле́ние]] | собы́тие | феноме́н | эффе́кт


lexentry: eng/phenomenon__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: phenomenon
trans_list: феномен
sense:
(philosophy, chiefly, Kantian, _, idealism) An experienced object whose constitution reflects the order and conceptual structure imposed upon it by the human mind (especially by the powers of perception and understanding).


lexentry: eng/phenotype__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phenotype
trans_list: феноти́п | фенотип
sense:
(genetics, evolutionary theory) The appearance of an organism based on a multifactorial combination of genetic traits and environmental factors, especially used in pedigrees.


lexentry: eng/phenylalanine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phenylalanine
trans_list: фенилалани́н
sense:
(amino acid) An essential amino acid C9H11NO2 found in most animal proteins; it is essential for growth; the inability to metabolize it leads to phenylketonuria; it is a constituent of aspartame.


lexentry: eng/phenylephrine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phenylephrine
trans_list: фенилэфри́н
sense:
(medicine, pharmaceutical drug) An α-adrenergic receptor agonist related to adrenaline, used as a vasoconstrictor and nasal decongestant; 3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)phenol, with the formula C9H13NO2.


lexentry: eng/pheromone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pheromone
trans_list: феромо́н
sense:
(biology) A chemical secreted by an animal, especially an insect, that affects the development or behavior of other members of the same species, functioning often as a means of attracting a member of the opposite sex.


lexentry: eng/philanthropy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philanthropy
trans_list: филантро́пия
sense:
(chiefly, _, uncountable) Benevolent altruism with the intention of increasing the well-being of humankind.


lexentry: eng/philia__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: philia
trans_list: фили́я
sense:
(countable) a psychological disorder characterized by an irrational favorable disposition towards something


lexentry: eng/philistine__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philistine
trans_list: меща́нский | обыва́тельский | филистёрский
sense:
(derogatory) Ignorant or uneducated; specifically, lacking appreciation for or antagonistic towards art or culture, and having pedestrian tastes.


lexentry: eng/philistine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philistine
trans_list: меща́нка | мещани́н | обыва́тель | обыва́тельница | фили́стер
sense:
(derogatory) A person who is ignorant or uneducated; specifically, a person who lacks appreciation of or is antagonistic towards art or culture, and who has pedestrian tastes.


lexentry: eng/phillumenist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phillumenist
trans_list: филумени́ст
sense:
A person who collects match-related items, like matchbox labels, matchboxes, matchbooks, or matchbook covers.


lexentry: eng/philo-Semitism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philo-Semitism
trans_list: филосемитизм
sense:
Interest in or appreciation of Jewish people, their history, or the influence of Judaism, particularly on the part of a gentile.


lexentry: eng/philodendron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philodendron
trans_list: филоде́ндрон
sense:
Any of several climbing plants, of the genus Philodendron, native to America and the West Indies that are often grown as house plants.


lexentry: eng/philologist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philologist
trans_list: фило́лог | языкове́д
sense:
A person who engages in philology (historical linguistics), especially as a profession; a collector of words and their etymologies.


lexentry: eng/philosopher's_stone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philosopher's stone
trans_list: филосо́фский ка́мень
sense:
(alchemy, uncountable) A supposed substance able to turn base metals, such as lead or mercury, into gold or silver, also sometimes claimed to cure any illness (as panacea) or confer immortality (as elixir of life), among other functions.


lexentry: eng/philosopher__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: philosopher
trans_list: фило́соф | философ
sense:
(archaic) A person who applies the principles of philosophy to the conduct of their life, as by acting calmly and rationally in the face of inevitable change.


lexentry: eng/philosopher__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: philosopher
trans_list: фило́соф | философ
sense:
(archaic) A student, scholar, or expert in any branch of knowledge, especially those branches studied prior to being considered part of pure science.


lexentry: eng/philosophy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: philosophy
trans_list: филосо́фия | философия
sense:
(uncountable) An academic discipline that seeks truth through reasoning rather than empiricism, often attempting to provide explanations relating to general concepts such as existence and rationality.


lexentry: eng/philosophy_of_science__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philosophy of science
trans_list: философия науки
sense:
(philosophy, uncountable) The study of the assumptions, foundations, and implications of science, including such questions as what distinguishes science from non-science, what are the aims of science, or what is a successful scientific explanation of a phenomenon.


lexentry: eng/philter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: philter
trans_list: любовное зелье
sense:
A kind of potion, charm, or drug; especially a love potion intended to make the drinker fall in love with the giver. [from the 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/phimosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phimosis
trans_list: фимо́з
sense:
(symptom) A contraction of the foreskin (either as a stage of development or a pathological condition), which prevents it from being retracted.


lexentry: eng/phlegm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phlegm
trans_list: фле́гма
sense:
(historical) One of the four humors making up the body in ancient and mediaeval medicine; said to be cold and moist, and often identified with mucus. [from 13th c.]


lexentry: eng/phlegm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phlegm
trans_list: слизь | мокро́та | фле́гма
sense:
Viscid mucus produced by the body, later especially mucus expelled from the bronchial passages by coughing. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/phlegm__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: phlegm
trans_list: фле́гма | флегмати́чность
sense:
Calmness of temperament, composure; also seen negatively, sluggishness, indifference. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/phloem__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phloem
trans_list: луб | лы́ко | флоэ́ма
sense:
(botany) A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of sugars and nutrients manufactured in the shoot.


lexentry: eng/phlogiston__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phlogiston
trans_list: флогисто́н | флогистон
sense:
(chemistry, historical) The hypothetical fiery principle formerly assumed to be a necessary constituent of combustible bodies and to be given up by them in burning.


lexentry: eng/pho__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pho
trans_list: фо
sense:
A Vietnamese soup with a beef base, typically served with rice noodles and optionally beef or chicken.


lexentry: eng/phoenix__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: phoenix
trans_list: жар-пти́ца | фе́никс
sense:
(Chinese mythology) A mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies; a fenghuang.


lexentry: eng/phone__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phone
trans_list: фо́на | фоне́ма
sense:
(phonetics) A speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties, considered as a physical event without regard to its place in the phonology of a language.


lexentry: eng/phoneme__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phoneme
trans_list: фоне́ма | фонема
sense:
(phonology) An indivisible unit of sound in a given language. A phoneme is an abstraction of the physical speech sounds (phones) and may encompass several different phones.


lexentry: eng/phonemic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phonemic
trans_list: фоне́мный
sense:
(linguistics) Relating to a difference between sounds that can change the meaning of words in a language.


lexentry: eng/phonetics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phonetics
trans_list: фоне́тика | фонетика
sense:
(linguistics) The study of the physical sounds of human speech, concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phones), and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception, and their representation by written symbols.


lexentry: eng/phonology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phonology
trans_list: фоне́тика | фоноло́гия | фонология
sense:
(uncountable) The study of the way sounds function in languages, including accent, intonation, phonemes, stress, and syllable structure, and which sounds are distinctive units within a language; (countable) the way sounds function within a given language; a phonological system. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/phonology__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phonology
trans_list: фоноло́гия | фонология
sense:
(by extension, uncountable) The study of the way components of signs function in a sign language, and which components are distinctive units within the language; (countable) the way components of signs function within a given sign language.


lexentry: eng/phonon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phonon
trans_list: фоно́н
sense:
(physics) The quantum of acoustic or vibrational energy (sound), considered a discrete particle rather than a wave.


lexentry: eng/phosphene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phosphene
trans_list: фосфен
sense:
A sensation of lights induced by mechanical, electrical, or magnetic stimulation (rather than optical) of the retina or visual cortex, or by random firing of cells in the visual system.


lexentry: eng/phospholipid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phospholipid
trans_list: фосфолипи́д
sense:
(organic compound) Any lipid, such as lecithin or cephalin, consisting of a diglyceride combined with a phosphate group and a simple organic molecule such as choline or ethanolamine; they are important constituents of biological membranes.


lexentry: eng/phosphor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phosphor
trans_list: люминофор
sense:
(chemistry) Any of various compounds of transition metals or of rare earths that exhibit phosphorescence.


lexentry: eng/phosphoric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phosphoric
trans_list: фосфор
sense:
(chemistry) Pertaining to the element phosphorus; containing phosphorus, especially in its higher valency (5). [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/phosphoric_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phosphoric acid
trans_list: фо́сфорная кислота́
sense:
(inorganic compound) A colourless, odourless solid, H3PO4, often in solution as a syrupy liquid, used in the manufacture of fertilizers, detergents and pharmaceuticals and as an additive in cola drinks.


lexentry: eng/phosphorus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phosphorus
trans_list: фо́сфор | фосфор
sense:
(chemistry) a chemical element (symbol P) with an atomic number of 15, that exists in several allotropic forms.


lexentry: eng/phosphorylation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phosphorylation
trans_list: фосфорили́рование
sense:
(biochemistry) the process of transferring a phosphate group from a donor to an acceptor; often catalysed by enzymes.


lexentry: eng/photic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photic
trans_list: светово́й | фоти́ческий
sense:
Of, related to, or irradiated by light; especially describing that part of the near-surface ocean is which photosynthesis is possible.


lexentry: eng/photoconductivity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photoconductivity
trans_list: фотопроводи́мость
sense:
(physics) The increase in the electrical conductivity of a material as a result of incident electromagnetic radiation.


lexentry: eng/photocopier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photocopier
trans_list: копи́р | копирова́льный аппара́т | ксе́рокс | фотокопирова́льное устро́йство
sense:
A machine which reproduces documents by photographing the original over a glass plate and printing duplicates.


lexentry: eng/photodiode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photodiode
trans_list: фотодио́д
sense:
(electronics) A semiconductor two-terminal component whose electrical characteristics are light-sensitive.


lexentry: eng/photoelectric__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photoelectric
trans_list: фотоэлектрический
sense:
Of or relating to the electric effects of electromagnetic radiation, especially the ejection of an electron from a surface by a photon.


lexentry: eng/photoelectric_effect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photoelectric effect
trans_list: фотоэффект
sense:
(physics) The emission of electrons from the surface of a material following the absorption of electromagnetic radiation.


lexentry: eng/photograph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photograph
trans_list: сни́мок | фо́тка | фо́то | фотогра́фия | фотока́рточка | фотосни́мок
sense:
(photography) A picture created by projecting an image onto a photosensitive surface such as a chemically treated plate or film, CCD receptor, etc.


lexentry: eng/photon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photon
trans_list: фото́н | фотон
sense:
(particle) The quantum of light and other electromagnetic energy, regarded as a discrete particle having zero rest mass, no electric charge, and an indefinitely long lifetime. It is a gauge boson.


lexentry: eng/photopaper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photopaper
trans_list: фотобума́га
sense:
Photographic paper; paper coated with light-sensitive chemicals, used for making photographic prints on traditional film cameras.


lexentry: eng/photosynthesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: photosynthesis
trans_list: фотоси́нтез | фотосинтез
sense:
(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any process by which plants and other photoautotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy.


lexentry: eng/phrasal_verb__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phrasal verb
trans_list: фра́зовый глаго́л
sense:
(linguistics, more loosely) A phrase, consisting of a verb and either or both of a preposition or adverb, that has idiomatic meaning.


lexentry: eng/phrase__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phrase
trans_list: фра́за | оборо́т ре́чи | словосочета́ние
sense:
(grammar) A word or, more commonly, a group of words that functions as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence, usually consisting of a head, or central word, and elaborating words.


lexentry: eng/phrase_book__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phrase book
trans_list: разгово́рник | фразеологи́ческий слова́рь
sense:
A usually pocket-sized book consisting of everyday expressions and vocabulary in two languages and intended for travellers who wish to communicate with locals while in other countries.


lexentry: eng/phrasing__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: phrasing
trans_list: формули́рование | формулиро́вка | фразиро́вка
sense:
(music) The way the musical phrases are put together in a composition or in its interpretation, with changes in tempo, volume, or emphasizing one or more instruments over others.


lexentry: eng/phreatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phreatic
trans_list: фреатический взрыв
sense:
(geology) Of or pertaining to ground water; (volcanology) involving explosively rapid heating of ground water by magma.


lexentry: eng/phrenology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phrenology
trans_list: френоло́гия | френология
sense:
(medicine, biology, historical) The science or now discredited pseudo-science, which studies the relationships between a person's character and the morphology (structure) of the skull.


lexentry: eng/phthalic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phthalic acid
trans_list: фта́левая кислота́
sense:
(carboxylic acid) Any of three isomeric aromatic organic benzenedicarboxylic acids, C6H4(COOH)2; especially the ortho- isomer manufactured from naphthalene, used in the synthesis of dyes, perfumes and other compounds.


lexentry: eng/phugoid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phugoid
trans_list: фуго́ид
sense:
(aeronautics, aviation) The motion of an aircraft, missile, or other flying object continuously oscillating in a vertical plane due to the object pitching up and climbing, thus slowing down; then pitching down and descending, thus speeding up.


lexentry: eng/phylactery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phylactery
trans_list: филакте́рия
sense:
(Judaism) Either of the two small leather cases, containing biblical scrolls, worn by Jewish men at morning prayer; the tefilla.


lexentry: eng/phylloxera__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phylloxera
trans_list: филлоксера
sense:
An insect, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae of the family Phylloxeridae (not the genus Phylloxera), that is very destructive to grape vines; also, the diseased condition of a vine caused by this insect. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/phylogenetic_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phylogenetic tree
trans_list: филогенети́ческое де́рево | эволюцио́нное де́рево
sense:
(biology) A branching diagram illustrating the potential evolutionary relationships among biological organisms or other entities in which the tree-maker hypothesizes share a common ancestor.


lexentry: eng/phylogenetics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phylogenetics
trans_list: филогенез
sense:
(biology, systematics) The study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms, through computational methods that focus on observed heritable traits.


lexentry: eng/phylum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: phylum
trans_list: тип | отде́л
sense:
(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below kingdom and above class; also called a divisio or a division, especially in describing plants; a taxon at that rank


lexentry: eng/physical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: physical
trans_list: материа́льный | теле́сный | физи́ческий
sense:
Pertaining to the world as understood through the senses rather than the mind; tangible, concrete; real. Having to do with the material world. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/physical_chemistry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physical chemistry
trans_list: Физическая химия
sense:
(physical chemistry) The science that uses theories and techniques from physics to study chemical systems.


lexentry: eng/physical_culture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physical culture
trans_list: физкультура
sense:
(historical) A 19th- and 20th-century popular movement of light gymnastics for the purpose of health and fitness.


lexentry: eng/physical_education__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physical education
trans_list: физвоспита́ние | физи́ческая культу́ра | физи́ческое воспита́ние | физкульту́ра | физра́
sense:
An element of an educational curriculum concerned with bodily development, physical health and wellness, strength, physical co-ordination, and agility.


lexentry: eng/physical_examination__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physical examination
trans_list: медосмо́тр | обсле́дование | осмо́тр
sense:
(medicine) The examination of the patient's body with the use of such methods as inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation.


lexentry: eng/physical_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: physical law
trans_list: физи́ческий зако́н
sense:
A universal statement about the operation of nature, based on empirical observations of physical behavior, tested using the scientific method.


lexentry: eng/physical_quantity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physical quantity
trans_list: физи́ческая величина́
sense:
(physics) A physical property that can be measured or calculated from other physical property and expressed as the product of a numerical value and a physical unit.


lexentry: eng/physicist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physicist
trans_list: фи́зик | физик
sense:
A person whose occupation specializes in the science of physics, especially at a professional level.


lexentry: eng/physics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physics
trans_list: физика | фи́зика
sense:
The branch of science concerned with the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter and energy.


lexentry: eng/physiocrat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physiocrat
trans_list: физиокра́т
sense:
(economics, now, historical) Any of a group of economists in 18th-century France who believed that the government should not seek to influence the operation of natural economic laws. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/physiognomy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physiognomy
trans_list: физионо́мика | физиогно́мика
sense:
The art or pseudoscience of deducing the predominant temper and other characteristic qualities of the mind from the outward appearance, especially from the features of the face.


lexentry: eng/physiography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physiography
trans_list: физи́ческая геогра́фия | физиогра́фия
sense:
(geography) The subfield of geography that studies physical patterns and processes of the Earth. It aims to understand the forces that produce and change rocks, oceans, weather, and global flora and fauna patterns.


lexentry: eng/physiology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: physiology
trans_list: физиоло́гия | физиология
sense:
A branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved.


lexentry: eng/pi__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pi
trans_list: пи
sense:
(mathematics) An irrational and transcendental constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter; approximately 3.14159265358979323846264338327950; usually written π.


lexentry: eng/piano__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piano
trans_list: пиани́но | роя́ль | фортепиа́но | пианино
sense:
(musical instruments) A percussive keyboard musical instrument, usually ranging over seven octaves, with white and black colored keys, played by pressing these keys, causing hammers to strike strings. [from 1803]


lexentry: eng/piano_nobile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piano nobile
trans_list: бельэта́ж
sense:
(architecture) The floor of a building where the principal bedrooms and main reception rooms are found, very often on the first or second floor in older buildings.


lexentry: eng/piastre__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piastre
trans_list: пиа́стр
sense:
(now, _, historical) A Spanish or Spanish-American coin and unit of currency, originally worth eight real.


lexentry: eng/piastre__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: piastre
trans_list: пиа́стр
sense:
A form of currency currently used as a subunit in the Middle Eastern and East African countries of Egypt, Jordan (partly including Palestine), Lebanon, South Sudan, Sudan, and Syria.


lexentry: eng/pica__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pica
trans_list: пика́
sense:
(pathology, usually, uncountable) A disorder characterized by appetite and craving for non-edible substances, such as chalk, clay, dirt, ice, or sand.


lexentry: eng/piccolo__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: piccolo
trans_list: пи́кколо | фле́йта-пи́кколо
sense:
A piccolo flute
 A transverse flute that is smaller than a Western concert flute and pitched nearly an octave higher.


lexentry: eng/pick-me-up__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pick-me-up
trans_list: [[тонизирующий|тонизи́рующее]] [[сре́дство]]
sense:
(informal) A drink, especially an alcoholic one, taken as a stimulant or sometimes as a hangover cure; a restorative, tonic or bracer. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pick__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pick
trans_list: рва́ть | собира́ть | собра́ть | сорва́ть | срыва́ть
sense:
To harvest a fruit or vegetable for consumption by removing it from the plant to which it is attached; to harvest an entire plant by removing it from the ground.


lexentry: eng/pick_and_roll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pick and roll
trans_list: пик-н-ро́лл
sense:
(basketball) An offensive play in which a player stops to block a defender for a teammate handling the ball and then slips behind the defender to accept a pass.


lexentry: eng/pick_one's_nose__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pick one's nose
trans_list: ковыря́ть в носу́ | ковыря́ться в носу́ | колупа́ться в носу́
sense:
(idiomatic) To insert a finger or other object into one's nostril to remove obstructions, especially dried mucus.


lexentry: eng/pick_up__Verb__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: pick up
trans_list: подцепи́ть | подцепля́ть
sense:
(transitive, and, intransitive, _, with on) To meet and seduce somebody for romantic purposes, especially in a social situation.


lexentry: eng/pickaxe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pickaxe
trans_list: кайло́ | кирка́ | моты́га
sense:
A heavy iron tool with a wooden handle; one end of the head is pointed, the other has a chisel edge.


lexentry: eng/pickelhaube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pickelhaube
trans_list: пике́льхаубе | пикельхе́льм
sense:
(historical) A spiked helmet worn by German troops, especially during the First World War. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/picket__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: picket
trans_list: аванпо́ст | дозо́р | кордо́н | пике́т | форпо́ст
sense:
(military) One of the soldiers or troops placed on a line forward of a position to warn against an enemy advance; or any unit (for example, an aircraft or ship) performing a similar function.


lexentry: eng/picket__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: picket
trans_list: пике́тчик | пике́тчица
sense:
A protester positioned outside an office, workplace etc. during a strike (usually in plural); also the protest itself.


lexentry: eng/pickle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pickle
trans_list: [[ква́шеный]] [[огуре́ц]] | [[ки́слый]] [[огуре́ц]] | корнишо́н | солёный [[огуре́ц]]
sense:
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia) A cucumber preserved in a solution, usually a brine or a vinegar syrup.


lexentry: eng/pickle__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pickle
trans_list: заса́ливать | засоли́ть | ква́сить | маринова́ть | соли́ть
sense:
(transitive, ergative) To preserve food (or sometimes other things) in a salt, sugar or vinegar solution.


lexentry: eng/pickup__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pickup
trans_list: ада́птер | звукоснима́тель
sense:
An electronic device for detecting sound, vibration, etc., such as one fitted to an electric guitar or record player.


lexentry: eng/pickup__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pickup
trans_list: сня́тие | съём
sense:
An instance of approaching someone and engaging in romantic flirtation and courting with the intent to pursue romance, a date, or a sexual encounter.


lexentry: eng/pico-__Prefix__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pico-
trans_list: пико-
sense:
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−12 (short scale trillionth or long scale billionth). Symbol: p


lexentry: eng/picric_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: picric acid
trans_list: пикри́новая кислота́
sense:
(organic compound) 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, C6H2(NO2)3, prepared by the nitration of phenol or of aspirin; a toxic, yellow, explosive substance used in dyes, explosives, and as an antiseptic


lexentry: eng/picture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: picture
trans_list: изображе́ние | карти́на | карти́нка | рису́нок | о́браз
sense:
A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a building) upon canvas, paper, or other surface, by drawing, painting, printing, photography, etc.


lexentry: eng/picture_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: picture card
trans_list: живописец
sense:
A playing card which has a picture on it (usually Jack, Queen or King (coat card), but sometimes including Ace or Joker).


lexentry: eng/picturesque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: picturesque
trans_list: живопи́сный | живописный
sense:
Resembling or worthy of a picture or painting; having the qualities of a picture or painting; pleasingly beautiful.


lexentry: eng/pidgin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pidgin
trans_list: пи́джин
sense:
(linguistics) An amalgamation of two disparate languages, used by two populations having no common language as a lingua franca to communicate with each other, lacking formalized grammar and having a small, utilitarian vocabulary and no native speakers.


lexentry: eng/pie__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pie
trans_list: пирог
sense:
A paper plate covered in cream, shaving foam or custard that is thrown or rubbed in someone’s face for comical purposes, to raise money for charity, or as a form of political protest; a custard pie; a cream pie.


lexentry: eng/pie_in_the_sky__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pie in the sky
trans_list: воздушный замок | журавль в небе
sense:
(idiomatic) A fanciful notion; an unrealistic or ludicrous concept; the illusory promise of a desired outcome that is unlikely to happen.


lexentry: eng/piece__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: piece
trans_list: фи́шка | фигу́ра
sense:
(chess) One of the figures used in playing chess, specifically a higher-value figure as distinguished from a pawn; by extension, a similar counter etc. in other games.


lexentry: eng/piece__Noun__1
sense_num: 14
written_rep: piece
trans_list: моне́та
sense:
(baseball, uncountable) Used to describe a pitch that has been hit but not well, usually either being caught by the opposing team or going foul. Usually used in the past tense with get.


lexentry: eng/piece_rate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piece rate
trans_list: сде́льная опла́та
sense:
The monetary amount paid per unit of production in the reward scheme of piece work, contrasting with hourly wage and salary.


lexentry: eng/piece_work__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piece work
trans_list: подряд
sense:
Work that a worker is paid for according to the number of units produced, rather than the number of hours worked; work done and paid for by the piece or by the job.


lexentry: eng/piecewise_linear__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piecewise linear
trans_list: кусо́чно-лине́йный
sense:
(mathematics) Equal to a sum of finitely many linear functions, each defined on a convex polytope: said of functions between vector spaces


lexentry: eng/pied_avocet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pied avocet
trans_list: шилоклю́вка
sense:
Recurvirostra avosetta, a black and white wading bird of temperate Europe and western and central Asia, wintering in Africa and south Asia.


lexentry: eng/piepowder__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: piepowder
trans_list: [[я́рмарочный]] суд
sense:
(Britain, law, historical) In full court of piepowders (also court of piepowder) or piepowder court: an ancient court in England held in conjunction with a fair or a market to administer summary justice over occurrences therein such as disputes between merchants and acts of theft and violence; they were presided over by the mayor and bailiffs of the borough, or by the steward if the fair or market was held by a lord.


lexentry: eng/pier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pier
trans_list: при́стань | мол | пирс | прича́л
sense:
A raised platform built from the shore out over water, supported on piles; used to secure, or provide access to shipping; a jetty.


lexentry: eng/pier__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pier
trans_list: просте́нок | столб
sense:
(architecture) A rectangular pillar, or similar structure, that supports an arch, wall or roof, or the hinges of a gate.


lexentry: eng/pierogi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pierogi
trans_list: варе́ники | пельме́ни
sense:
(North America) A square- or crescent-shaped dumpling of unleavened dough, stuffed with sauerkraut, cheese, mashed potatoes, cabbage, onion, meat, or any combination of these, or with a fruit filling.


lexentry: eng/pietism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pietism
trans_list: пиетизм
sense:
(Christianity, often capitalized) A movement in the Lutheran church in the late 17th and 18th centuries, calling for practical and devout Christianity.


lexentry: eng/pig__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pig
trans_list: свинья́ | бо́ров | свинья
sense:
Any of several mammalian species of the genus Sus, having cloven hooves, bristles and a nose adapted for digging; especially the domesticated animal Sus domesticus.


lexentry: eng/pig__Noun__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: pig
trans_list: му́сор | свинья́
sense:
(engineering) A device for cleaning or inspecting the inside of an oil or gas pipeline, or for separating different substances within the pipeline. Named for the pig-like squealing noise made by their progress.


lexentry: eng/pig_in_a_poke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pig in a poke
trans_list: кот в мешке́
sense:
(idiomatic) Something whose true value is concealed or unknown and may be lower than expected by the buyer or claimed by the seller, especially something offered for sale.


lexentry: eng/pig_iron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pig iron
trans_list: переде́льный чугу́н
sense:
A type of crude, brittle iron shaped like a block, unsuitable for working but suitable for casting, commonly used as an industrial raw material.


lexentry: eng/pigeonhole__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pigeonhole
trans_list: отделе́ние для бума́г
sense:
(by extension) One of an array of compartments for receiving mail and other messages at a college, office, etc.


lexentry: eng/pika__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pika
trans_list: пищу́ха
sense:
Any of several small, furry mammals, similar to guinea pigs, but related to rabbits, of the family Ochotonidae, from the mountains of North America and Asia.


lexentry: eng/pike__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pike
trans_list: пи́ка | пика
sense:
(military, historical) A very long spear used two-handed by infantry soldiers for thrusting (not throwing), both for attacks on enemy foot soldiers and as a countermeasure against cavalry assaults.


lexentry: eng/pilaf__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pilaf
trans_list: плов | пила́в
sense:
A dish made by browning grain, typically rice, in oil and then cooking it with a seasoned broth, to which meat and/or vegetables may be added.


lexentry: eng/pilaster__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pilaster
trans_list: пиля́стр | пиля́стра
sense:
(structural, _, architecture) A column or short wing wall attached to the foundation wall which provides lateral support, or to support a vertical load that does not fall on the foundation wall.


lexentry: eng/pile__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pile
trans_list: сва́я
sense:
A large stake, or piece of pointed timber, steel etc., driven into the earth or sea-bed for the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc.


lexentry: eng/pile__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pile
trans_list: зава́ливать | завали́ть | нава́ливать | навали́ть
sense:
(transitive, often used with the preposition "up") To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to accumulate


lexentry: eng/pile_driver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pile driver
trans_list: копёр
sense:
A machine for forcing a pile, a long beam, into the ground as part of the construction of a foundation; usually by raising a weight and then dropping it on the beam.


lexentry: eng/pilferage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pilferage
trans_list: разворовывание
sense:
The individual act or recurring practice of stealing items of low value, especially in small quantities, for which the legal term is petty theft.


lexentry: eng/pill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pill
trans_list: пилю́ля | табле́тка | пилюля
sense:
(broadly) A small, usually round or cylindrical object designed for easy swallowing, usually containing some sort of medication.


lexentry: eng/pill__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pill
trans_list: [[противозачаточный|противозача́точная]] [[табле́тка]] | пилюля
sense:
(informal, uncountable, definite, i.e. used with "the") Contraceptive medication, usually in the form of a pill to be taken by a woman; an oral contraceptive pill.


lexentry: eng/pill__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: pill
trans_list: ка́тышек
sense:
(textile) A small piece of any substance, for example a ball of fibres formed on the surface of a textile fabric by rubbing. Colloquially known as a bobble, fuzzball, or lint ball.


lexentry: eng/pill_bug__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pill bug
trans_list: мокрица
sense:
(US) Any of very many terrestrial crustaceans, of the family Armadillidiidae, a subgroup of the woodlice, that can roll themselves up into a protective ball.


lexentry: eng/pillory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pillory
trans_list: позо́рный столб
sense:
A framework on a post, with holes for the hands and head, used as a means of punishment and humiliation.


lexentry: eng/pillow_word__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pillow word
trans_list: эпитет
sense:
In Japanese waka poetry, a poetic device where a certain introductory phrase is commonly used to allude to something else.


lexentry: eng/pilot__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pilot
trans_list: ло́цман | лоцман
sense:
A person who knows well the depths and currents of a harbor or coastal area, who is hired by a vessel to help navigate the harbor or coast.


lexentry: eng/pilot__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: pilot
trans_list: пило́т
sense:
(television) A sample episode of a proposed TV series produced to decide if it should be made or not. If approved, typically the first episode of an actual TV series.


lexentry: eng/pimento__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pimento
trans_list: сладкий перец
sense:
A red sweet pepper, a cultivar of Capsicum annuum, used to make relish, stuffed into olives, or used as spice.


lexentry: eng/pimp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pimp
trans_list: сутенёр | кот | сво́дник | сво́дница | сво́дня
sense:
Someone who solicits customers for prostitution and acts as manager for a group of prostitutes; a pander.


lexentry: eng/pimpernel__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pimpernel
trans_list: о́чный цвет
sense:
Any of various plants of the genus Anagallis, having small red, white or purple flowers, especially the scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis). [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/pimple__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pimple
trans_list: прыщ | па́пула | пры́щик | пупы́рышек | у́горь
sense:
(dermatology) An inflamed (raised and colored) spot on the surface of the skin that is usually painful and fills with pus.


lexentry: eng/pin-up__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pin-up
trans_list: [[фотогра́фия]] [[красотка|красо́тки]] | пин-а́п | пина́п
sense:
A photograph, printed in a magazine or other publication, of a sexually attractive person (often nude or provocatively dressed), and intended to be removed and pinned up on a wall.


lexentry: eng/pin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pin
trans_list: була́вка | шпи́лька
sense:
A needle without an eye (usually) made of drawn-out steel wire with one end sharpened and the other flattened or rounded into a head, used for fastening.


lexentry: eng/pin__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: pin
trans_list: ке́гля | кегля
sense:
A slender object specially designed for use in a specific game or sport, such as skittles or bowling.


lexentry: eng/pin__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: pin
trans_list: бро́шка | брошь
sense:
(US) A simple accessory that can be attached to clothing with a pin or fastener, often round and bearing a design, logo or message, and used for decoration, identification or to show political affiliation, etc.


lexentry: eng/pin__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: pin
trans_list: клин
sense:
(chess) Either a scenario in which moving a lesser piece to escape from attack would expose a more valuable piece to being taken instead, or one where moving a piece is impossible as it would place the king in check.


lexentry: eng/pinafore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinafore
trans_list: передник
sense:
A sleeveless dress, often similar to an apron, generally worn over other clothes, and most often worn by young girls as an overdress.


lexentry: eng/pinball__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinball
trans_list: пинбо́л | пинбол
sense:
(games) A game, played on a device with a sloping base, in which the player operates a spring-loaded plunger to shoot a ball, between obstacles, and attempts to hit targets and score points.


lexentry: eng/pinch__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pinch
trans_list: щепо́тка | щепо́ть
sense:
A small amount of powder or granules, such that the amount could be held between fingertip and thumb tip.


lexentry: eng/pinch__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: pinch
trans_list: аресто́вывать | арестова́ть | схва́тывать | схвати́ть
sense:
(horticulture) To cut shoots or buds of a plant in order to shape the plant, or to improve its yield.


lexentry: eng/pincushion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pincushion
trans_list: игольница
sense:
(sewing) A device, originally like a small, stuffed cushion, designed to have sewing pins and needles stuck into it to store them safely; some modern pincushions hold the objects magnetically.


lexentry: eng/pine_nut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pine nut
trans_list: кедро́вый оре́х
sense:
The edible seed of any of several species of evergreen pine, especially Pinus pinea, Pinus cembra, and Pinus cembroides.


lexentry: eng/pineal_gland__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pineal gland
trans_list: шишкови́дная железа́ | эпифи́з
sense:
(anatomy, neuroanatomy) A small, pinecone-shaped endocrine gland found near the centre of the brain that produces melatonin.


lexentry: eng/pingo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pingo
trans_list: бугры пучения
sense:
(geomorphology) A conical mound of earth with an ice core caused by permafrost uplift, particularly if lasting more than a year. [from 1920s]


lexentry: eng/pinhole_camera__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinhole camera
trans_list: ка́мера-о́бскура
sense:
(photography) A simple lensless device for producing a photographic image, consisting of an enclosed box with film or some other flat photosensitive surface on one interior side and a tiny hole in the opposite side.


lexentry: eng/pinion__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinion
trans_list: подрезать крылья
sense:
To cut off the pinion of a bird’s wing, or otherwise disable or bind its wings, in order to prevent it from flying.


lexentry: eng/pink__Verb__3
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pink
trans_list: барахли́ть
sense:
Of a motor car, to emit a high "pinking" noise, usually as a result of ill-set ignition timing for the fuel used (in a spark ignition engine).


lexentry: eng/pink_slime__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pink slime
trans_list: [[розовый|ро́зовая]] слизь
sense:
(paper manufacture) An undesirable pink-colored microbial mass occurring in the slurry used in making paper. [from 1951]


lexentry: eng/pink_slime__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pink slime
trans_list: [[розовый|ро́зовая]] слизь
sense:
(informal, dysphemistic) A meat byproduct produced from scraps by heating and then treating with ammonia to produce a food additive. [from 2002]


lexentry: eng/pink_tea__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pink tea
trans_list: Кашмирский чай | розовый чай
sense:
(uncountable, India, Pakistan) A hot drink from the Indian subcontinent with a pink colour, made with gunpowder tea, baking soda, and milk.


lexentry: eng/pinko__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinko
trans_list: роза
sense:
(informal, often, derogatory, chiefly, US) A socialist, particularly one who is not completely communist. [from mid-1930s]


lexentry: eng/pinna__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinna
trans_list: вне́шнее у́хо | ушна́я ра́ковина
sense:
(anatomy, zoology) The visible part of the ear in most therians that resides outside of the head, the auricle; outer ear excluding the ear canal.


lexentry: eng/pinniped__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinniped
trans_list: ластоно́гий
sense:
Any of various large marine mammals belonging to the superfamily (formerly considered a suborder) Pinnipedia comprising walruses, eared seals and earless seals.


lexentry: eng/pinocytosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinocytosis
trans_list: пиноцито́з
sense:
(biology) A form of endocytosis in which material enters a cell through its membrane and is incorporated in vesicles for digestion.


lexentry: eng/pins_and_needles__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pins and needles
trans_list: пока́лывание
sense:
(informal) A tingling or prickling sensation, felt in a limb when a nerve compression is relieved and in other situations.


lexentry: eng/pinwheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pinwheel
trans_list: верту́шка
sense:
An artificial flower with a stem, usually plastic, for children: the flower spins round in the wind, like a small paper windmill.


lexentry: eng/pion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pion
trans_list: пио́н | пион
sense:
(particle) Any of three semistable mesons, having positive, negative or neutral charge, composed of up and down quarks/antiquarks.


lexentry: eng/pioneer__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pioneer
trans_list: пионе́р | пионер
sense:
(obsolete, military) A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and make bridges, as an army advances; a sapper.


lexentry: eng/pioneer__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: pioneer
trans_list: пионе́р | пионе́рка
sense:
(Communism) A member of a children’s organization operated by the Communist Party, typically in the second of three stages toward becoming a member of the Party itself.


lexentry: eng/pioneering__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pioneering
trans_list: новаторский
sense:
Involving accomplishments or activities that have not been done before, or developing or using new methods or techniques.


lexentry: eng/pipe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pipe
trans_list: ду́дка | жале́йка | свире́ль
sense:
(woodwind instrument) A wind instrument consisting of a tube, often lined with holes to allow for adjustment in pitch, sounded by blowing into the tube. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/pipe__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pipe
trans_list: труба́ | тру́бка
sense:
A rigid tube that transports water, steam, or other fluid, as used in plumbing and numerous other applications. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/pipe_organ__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pipe organ
trans_list: орга́н
sense:
(musical instrument) The largest of all musical instruments, played from an organ console which produces its sound by sending air through whistles and/or reeds called organ pipes, by direct mechanical action, or modernly, electrically.


lexentry: eng/pipefish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pipefish
trans_list: морска́я игла́
sense:
A small fish of subfamily Syngnathinae in the seahorse family, having a long thin body covered with partially ossified plates, the head long, and the jaws elongated so as to form a tubular snout.


lexentry: eng/pipeline__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pipeline
trans_list: конве́йер
sense:
A channel (either physical or logical) by which information is transmitted sequentially (that is, the first information in is the first information out).


lexentry: eng/pipette__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pipette
trans_list: пипе́тка | пипетка
sense:
(sciences) A small tube, often with an enlargement or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, used for transferring or delivering measured quantities of a liquid. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pipeweed__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pipeweed
trans_list: запой
sense:
Any of a number of plants having thin and straight stems resembling pipes, often hollow or lacking branches.


lexentry: eng/pipit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pipit
trans_list: конёк | щеври́ца
sense:
Any of various small passerine birds, mainly from the genus Anthus, that are often drab, ground feeding insectivores of open country.


lexentry: eng/piquet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piquet
trans_list: пике́т
sense:
(card games) A game of cards for two people, with thirty-two cards, all the deuces, threes, fours, fives, and sixes being set aside.


lexentry: eng/piracy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piracy
trans_list: пира́тство | пиратство
sense:
(crime, nautical) Robbery at sea, a violation of international law; taking a ship away from the control of those who are legally entitled to it.


lexentry: eng/piranha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piranha
trans_list: пира́нья | пиранья
sense:
(ichthyology) Any of the carnivorous or frugivorous freshwater fish living in South American rivers and belonging to the subfamily Serrasalminae.


lexentry: eng/pirate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pirate
trans_list: пира́тский
sense:
Illegally imitated or reproduced, said of a trademarked product or copyrighted work, or of the counterfeit itself.


lexentry: eng/pirate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pirate
trans_list: пира́т | корса́р | пира́тка | флибустье́р
sense:
(crime) A criminal who plunders at sea; commonly attacking merchant vessels, though often pillaging port towns.


lexentry: eng/pirate__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pirate
trans_list: пира́т | пират
sense:
(by extension) One who breaks intellectual property laws by reproducing protected works without permission.


lexentry: eng/pirate_perch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pirate perch
trans_list: пира́т-о́кунь
sense:
Aphredoderus sayanus, a North American freshwater fish of family Aphredoderidae: order Percopsiformes.


lexentry: eng/pirate_ship__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pirate ship
trans_list: [[пира́тский]] [[кора́бль]]
sense:
Any ship manned by pirates, especially a large wooden sailing ship armed with cannons and flying a Jolly Roger, as stereotyped in literature and film.


lexentry: eng/pirozhki__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pirozhki
trans_list: пирожо́к | пирожок
sense:
Small pastries filled with finely chopped meat, vegetables or fruit baked or fried, from eastern European cuisine, or a serving of these.


lexentry: eng/piss__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: piss
trans_list: бухло́ | по́йло
sense:
(occasionally, vulgar, countable, _, and, _, uncountable) Alcoholic beverage, especially of inferior quality. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/piss_off__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piss off
trans_list: [[идти́]] [[на́]] хуй | [[пойти́]] [[на́]] хуй | вали́ть | кати́ться | прова́ливать | сва́ливать
sense:
(Commonwealth, idiomatic, intransitive, vulgar, colloquial) To leave, to go away. [from mid-20th c.]


lexentry: eng/piss_off__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
sense: (idiomatic, transitive, vulgar, colloquial) To annoy, anger.
written_rep: piss off
trans_list:
[[вы́вести]] из [[себя́]] | [[выводи́ть]] из [[себя́]] | беси́ть | взбеси́ть | доста́ть | достава́ть


lexentry: eng/piss_oneself__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: piss oneself
trans_list: обосса́ться | усса́ться
sense:
(slang, vulgar, figuratively) To be very scared (to the extent that one might lose control of one's bladder).


lexentry: eng/piss_oneself__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: piss oneself
trans_list: обосса́ться | усса́ться
sense:
(slang, vulgar, figuratively) To laugh uncontrollably (to the extent that one might lose control of one's bladder).


lexentry: eng/pissaladière__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pissaladière
trans_list: писсаладье́р
sense:
A pie from southern France, similar to pizza, without tomatoes or cheese, usually topped with onions, anchovies and black olives.


lexentry: eng/pistil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pistil
trans_list: пе́стик | пестик
sense:
(botany) A discrete organ in the center of a flower capable of receiving pollen and producing a fruit, it is divided into an ovary, style and stigma. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/piston__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piston
trans_list: золотни́к | плу́нжер | по́ршень | уда́рник
sense:
(mechanics) A solid disk or cylinder that fits inside a hollow cylinder, and moves under pressure (as in an engine) or displaces fluid (as in a pump)


lexentry: eng/piston_engine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piston engine
trans_list: поршнево́й дви́гатель
sense:
Any of several types of engine having cylinders containing reciprocating pistons, in which a crankshaft is turned by pistons moving up and down within cylinders; many internal combustion engines and many steam engines have such a mechanism.


lexentry: eng/pit__Noun__1
sense_num: 13
written_rep: pit
trans_list: я́ма | яма
sense:
Formerly, that part of a theatre, on the floor of the house, below the level of the stage and behind the orchestra; now, in England, commonly the part behind the stalls; in the United States, the parquet; also, the occupants of such a part of a theatre.


lexentry: eng/pitch-perfect__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pitch-perfect
trans_list: полный
sense:
Utterly flawless and suitable with respect to appearance, atmosphere or tone, expression, or other characteristics.


lexentry: eng/pitch__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pitch
trans_list: бросо́к
sense:
(sports, UK, Australia, NZ) The field on which cricket, soccer, rugby, gridiron or field hockey is played. (In cricket, the pitch is in the centre of the field; see cricket pitch.) (Not often used in the US or Canada, where "field" is the preferred word.)


lexentry: eng/pitch__Noun__2
sense_num: 07
written_rep: pitch
trans_list: питч | шаг
sense:
The distance between evenly spaced objects, e.g. the teeth of a saw or gear, the turns of a screw thread, the centres of holes, or letters in a monospace font.


lexentry: eng/pitch__Noun__2
sense_num: 09
written_rep: pitch
trans_list: тангаж | дифферент
sense:
(nautical, aviation) The degree to which a vehicle, especially a ship or aircraft, rotates on such an axis, tilting its bow or nose up or down.


lexentry: eng/pitch_accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pitch accent
trans_list: тональное ударе́ние | тоническое ударе́ние | тоновое ударе́ние
sense:
(phonology) Any of a variety of restricted tone systems that use variations in pitch to give prominence to a syllable or mora within a word. The placement of this tone or the way it is realized can give different meanings to otherwise similar words.


lexentry: eng/pitcher__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pitcher
trans_list: кувши́н
sense:
A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or handle.


lexentry: eng/pitcher_plant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pitcher plant
trans_list: непентес
sense:
Any of various insectivorous plants of the genera Sarracenia, Darlingtonia, Heliamphora, Nepenthes, or Cephalotus that have pitcher-like leaves or parts of leaves with slippery sides that attract and trap insects.


lexentry: eng/pitchfork__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pitchfork
trans_list: ви́лы | вилы
sense:
An agricultural tool comprising a fork with sparse, light tines, attached to a long handle, used for pitching hay (especially loose hay) high up onto a stack (as on a wagon or haystack, or into a haymow).


lexentry: eng/pitchman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pitchman
trans_list: зазывала
sense:
A salesman, especially one who aggressively markets wares from a street stall, or a carnival or side show act.


lexentry: eng/pitchstone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pitchstone
trans_list: смоляной камень
sense:
(geology) a natural glass, rich in microscopic crystallites, formed by the rapid cooling of lava or magma


lexentry: eng/pitfall__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pitfall
trans_list: западня́ | лову́шка | подводный камень
sense:
(figurative) A potential, unsuspected, hidden problem, hazard, or danger that is easily encountered but not immediately obvious.


lexentry: eng/pith__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pith
trans_list: сердцеви́на
sense:
The soft, spongy substance inside plant parts; specifically, the parenchyma in the centre of the roots and stems of many plants and trees.


lexentry: eng/piton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piton
trans_list: ска́льный крюк
sense:
(climbing) A spike, wedge, or peg that is driven into a rock or ice surface as a support (as for a mountain climber).


lexentry: eng/pitot_tube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pitot tube
trans_list: приёмник возду́шного давле́ния
sense:
(aviation) A pressure measuring instrument used to measure fluid flow velocity, especially used to determine the airspeed of an aircraft.


lexentry: eng/pituitary_gland__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pituitary gland
trans_list: гипо́физ | мозгово́й прида́ток | питуита́рная железа́ | прида́ток мо́зга
sense:
(anatomy) An endocrine gland, about the size of a pea, that sits in a small, bony cavity at the base of the brain whose secretions control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism, and maturation.


lexentry: eng/pivot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pivot
trans_list: ось | сте́ржень | центр [[вращение|враще́ния]] | шпень | шпинь | штырь
sense:
A thing on which something turns; specifically a metal pointed pin or short shaft in machinery, such as the end of an axle or spindle.


lexentry: eng/pivot__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pivot
trans_list: [[гла́вный]] пункт | [[ключево́й]] [[моме́нт]]
sense:
(figuratively, by extension) Something or someone having a paramount significance in a certain situation.


lexentry: eng/pivot_table__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pivot table
trans_list: сво́дная табли́ца
sense:
(computing) A summary table used for automatic sorting, counting and averaging of the data in another table or spreadsheet.


lexentry: eng/pizza__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pizza
trans_list: пицца | пи́цца
sense:
(uncountable) A baked Italian dish of a thinly rolled bread crust typically topped before baking with tomato sauce, cheese, and other ingredients such as meat or vegetables.


lexentry: eng/piñata__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: piñata
trans_list: пинья́та
sense:
(Latin American culture) A doll or other decorated container that is filled with candy and hit with a hammer or a stick by blindfolded children during birthday parties or other celebrations until the candy falls out.


lexentry: eng/pla_ra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pla ra
trans_list: пла даєк | пла ра
sense:
A traditional Thai seasoning made by fermenting fish with rice bran or roasted rice powder and salt for a long period.


lexentry: eng/placard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: placard
trans_list: афи́ша | объявле́ние | плака́т
sense:
A sheet of paper or cardboard with a written or printed announcement on one side for display in a public place.


lexentry: eng/placate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: placate
trans_list: утихомиривать | умиротворя́ть | унимать | успока́ивать
sense:
(transitive) To calm; to bring peace to; to influence someone who was furious to the point that they become content or at least no longer irate.


lexentry: eng/place__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: place
trans_list: дом | жили́ще
sense:
(often, in street names or addresses) A street, sometimes but not always surrounding a public place, square, or plaza of the same name.


lexentry: eng/place__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: place
trans_list: класть | положи́ть | помести́ть | помеща́ть | поста́вить | ста́вить
sense:
(ergative) To earn a given spot in a competition; to rank at a certain position ((often followed by an ordinal)).


lexentry: eng/place_mat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: place mat
trans_list: подста́вка
sense:
A protective mat, usually heat-resistant, placed under a single person's tableware (including cutlery) at the dining table.


lexentry: eng/place_of_worship__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: place of worship
trans_list: [[ку́льтовое]] [[сооруже́ние]]
sense:
A place, usually a building such as a church, mosque, synagogue or temple where believers can practise their faith.


lexentry: eng/place_setting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: place setting
trans_list: конверт
sense:
Items of cutlery, crockery and glassware, and sometimes a place mat, arranged for a person at a dining table.


lexentry: eng/placebo_effect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: placebo effect
trans_list: эффект плацебо
sense:
(pharmacology) The tendency of any medication or treatment, even an inert or ineffective one, to exhibit results simply because the recipient believes that it will work.


lexentry: eng/placeholder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: placeholder
trans_list: заполни́тель | ры́ба
sense:
Something used or included temporarily or as a substitute for something that is not known or must remain generic; that which holds, denotes or reserves a place for something to come later.


lexentry: eng/placement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: placement
trans_list: размеще́ние
sense:
The act of placing or putting in place; the act of locating or positioning; the state of being placed.


lexentry: eng/placenta__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: placenta
trans_list: плаце́нта | после́д | семяно́сец
sense:
(botany) In flowering plants, the part of the ovary where ovules develop; in non-flowering plants where the spores develop.


lexentry: eng/placode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: placode
trans_list: плако́д
sense:
(biology, anatomy, comparative anatomy) A platelike thickening of the epithelial layer of an embryo from which an organ, especially a sense organ, develops.


lexentry: eng/plagiarism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plagiarism
trans_list: плагиа́т | плагиат
sense:
(uncountable) Copying of another person's ideas, text, or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially without permission; plagiarizing.


lexentry: eng/plagiarist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plagiarist
trans_list: плагиа́тор | плагиа́торша
sense:
One who plagiarizes; or lifts the words, writings, or ideas of another, and passes them off as his or her own, thus engaging in plagiarism; a literary thief


lexentry: eng/plagiarize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plagiarize
trans_list: [[занима́ться]] [[плагиат|плагиа́том]] | спи́сывать | списа́ть
sense:
(ambitransitive) To use, and pass off as one's own, someone else's writing, speech, ideas, or other intellectual or creative work, especially in an academic context; to commit plagiarism.


lexentry: eng/plagioclase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plagioclase
trans_list: плагиокла́з
sense:
(mineral) Any of a group of aluminum silicate feldspathic minerals ranging in their ratio of calcium to sodium.


lexentry: eng/plague__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plague
trans_list: чума́ | чума
sense:
(often used with the, sometimes capitalized: the Plague) The bubonic plague, the pestilent disease caused by the virulent bacterium Yersinia pestis.


lexentry: eng/plague__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plague
trans_list: мор | чума́ | пове́трие | эпиде́мия
sense:
(pathology) An epidemic or pandemic caused by any pestilence, but specifically by the above disease.


lexentry: eng/plague__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plague
trans_list: бе́дствие | беда́ | бич | казнь | напа́сть | наше́ствие
sense:
A widespread affliction, calamity or destructive influx, especially when seen as divine retribution.


lexentry: eng/plague_doctor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plague doctor
trans_list: чумной доктор
sense:
(European history) A physician treating the bubonic plague, or employed simply to collect demographic and epidemiological data, especially one wearing protective clothing including goggles and a mask with a long bird's beak filled with aromatics to ward off the disease.


lexentry: eng/plaice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plaice
trans_list: морска́я ка́мбала | камбала
sense:
Pleuronectes platessa (European plaice), commonly found in the North Sea and Irish Sea, with smooth brown skin and red or orange spots.


lexentry: eng/plaid__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plaid
trans_list: плед | [[шотла́ндский]] плед | шотла́ндка
sense:
A length of such material used as a piece of clothing, formerly worn in the Scottish Highlands and other parts of northern Britain and remaining as an item of ceremonial dress worn by members of Scottish pipe bands. [from 16thc.]


lexentry: eng/plain_English__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plain English
trans_list: простой английский
sense:
English that does not use any jargon or technical or scientific terminology; simple or easily comprehensible words or language.


lexentry: eng/plainclothes__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plainclothes
trans_list: гражданский | штатский
sense:
(usually, of a police officer) Wearing ordinary civilian clothes instead of a uniform, in order to avoid detection.


lexentry: eng/plains-wanderer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plains-wanderer
trans_list: австрали́йский стра́нник
sense:
Pedionomus torquatus, a small quail-like bird in the monotypic family Pedionomidae, endemic to south-eastern Australia.


lexentry: eng/plainsong__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plainsong
trans_list: церковное пение
sense:
(music) A form of monophonic chant in unison using the Gregorian scale, sung in various Christian churches.


lexentry: eng/plaintiff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plaintiff
trans_list: исте́ц | истец
sense:
(law, UK, _, historic, otherwise, current) A party bringing a suit in civil law against a defendant; accuser.


lexentry: eng/plan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plan
trans_list: план | схе́ма | чертёж
sense:
A drawing showing technical details of a building, machine, etc., with unwanted details omitted, and often using symbols rather than detailed drawing to represent doors, valves, etc.


lexentry: eng/plan__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plan
trans_list: план | чертёж
sense:
A two-dimensional drawing of a building as seen from above with obscuring or irrelevant details such as roof removed, or of a floor of a building, revealing the internal layout; as distinct from the elevation.


lexentry: eng/planche__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planche
trans_list: кульман
sense:
(gymnastics) A position where the gymnast is horizontal and face-down, using only the hands as support.


lexentry: eng/plane__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plane
trans_list: пло́скость | плоскость
sense:
(geometry) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane).


lexentry: eng/plane_angle__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plane angle
trans_list: пло́ский у́гол
sense:
(geometry) An angle formed by two intersecting planes, measured by the angle between two intersecting straight lines that are in respective planes and perpendicular to the intersection of the planes.


lexentry: eng/planer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planer
trans_list: руба́нок
sense:
(woodworking) A tool which smooths a surface or makes one surface of a workpiece parallel to the tool's bed.


lexentry: eng/planet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planet
trans_list: планета | плане́та
sense:
(now, historical, or, astrology) Each of the seven major bodies which move relative to the fixed stars in the night sky—the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. [from 14thc.]


lexentry: eng/planet__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: planet
trans_list: планета | плане́та
sense:
(astronomy, historical) Any body that orbits the Sun, including the asteroids (as minor planets) and sometimes the moons of those bodies (as satellite planets)


lexentry: eng/planet__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: planet
trans_list: планета | плане́та
sense:
(astronomy, current) A body which is massive enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium (generally resulting in being an ellipsoid) but not enough to attain nuclear fusion and, in IAU usage, which directly orbits a star (or multiple star) and dominates the region of its orbit; specifically, in the case of the Solar system, the eight major bodies of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. [from 2006]


lexentry: eng/planetarium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planetarium
trans_list: планета́рий | планетарий
sense:
A display museum in which images of stars and other astronomical phenomena are projected onto a domed ceiling.


lexentry: eng/planetary_nebula__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planetary nebula
trans_list: планета́рная тума́нность
sense:
(astronomy) A nebulosity surrounding a dying red giant, consisting of material expelled by the star.


lexentry: eng/planetesimal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planetesimal
trans_list: планетезима́ль
sense:
(astronomy) Any of many small, solid astronomical objects that orbit a star and form protoplanets through mutual gravitational attraction.


lexentry: eng/plank__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plank
trans_list: пункт програ́ммы
sense:
(figurative) A political issue that is of concern to a faction or a party of the people and the political position that is taken on that issue.


lexentry: eng/planner__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: planner
trans_list: ежедне́вник
sense:
A notebook or software in which one keeps reminders of items such as appointments, tasks, projects, and contacts.


lexentry: eng/planning_permission__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: planning permission
trans_list: исхо́дно-разреши́тельная документа́ция
sense:
(Britain, construction, law) Legal permission granted by a government authority to construct on one's land, or to change the use of the land. [from mid 1940s]


lexentry: eng/plant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plant
trans_list: расте́ние | растение
sense:
(botany) An organism that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis. Typically a small or herbaceous organism of this kind, rather than a tree.


lexentry: eng/plant__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plant
trans_list: расте́ние | растение
sense:
(botany) An organism of the kingdom Plantae. Now specifically, a living organism of the Embryophyta (land plants) or of the Chlorophyta (green algae), a eukaryote that includes double-membraned chloroplasts in its cells containing chlorophyll a and b, or any organism closely related to such an organism.


lexentry: eng/plant__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plant
trans_list: расте́ние | растение
sense:
(ecology) Now specifically, a multicellular eukaryote that includes chloroplasts in its cells, which have a cell wall.


lexentry: eng/plant__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: plant
trans_list: крот
sense:
Anyone assigned to behave as a member of the public during a covert operation (as in a police investigation).


lexentry: eng/plant__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plant
trans_list: сажа́ть | посади́ть
sense:
(ambitransitive) To place (a seed or plant) in soil or other substrate in order that it may live and grow.


lexentry: eng/plant__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plant
trans_list: подки́дывать | подки́нуть | подкла́дывать | подложи́ть | устана́вливать | установи́ть
sense:
(transitive) To place (an object, or sometimes a person), often with the implication of intending deceit.


lexentry: eng/plantain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plantain
trans_list: подоро́жник
sense:
A plant of the genus Plantago, with a rosette of sessile leaves about 10 cm (4") long with a narrow part instead of a petiole, and with a spike inflorescence with the flower spacing varying widely among the species. See also psyllium.


lexentry: eng/plantaris__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plantaris
trans_list: подо́швенная мы́шца
sense:
(muscles) A muscle running at the posterior compartment of the calf from the knee to over the hump of the heel.


lexentry: eng/plantation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plantation
trans_list: планта́ция | плантация
sense:
A large farm; estate or area of land designated for agricultural growth. Often includes housing for the owner and workers.


lexentry: eng/plaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plaque
trans_list: бля́ха | бля́шка
sense:
(countable) Any flat, thin piece of clay, ivory, metal, etc., used for ornament, or for painting pictures upon, as a dish, plate, slab, etc., hung upon a wall; also, a smaller decoration worn by a person, such as a brooch.


lexentry: eng/plaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plaque
trans_list: мемориа́льная доска́ | табли́чка
sense:
(countable) A piece of flat metal with writing on it, attached to a building, monument, or other structure to remind people of a person or an event.


lexentry: eng/plaque__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: plaque
trans_list: зубно́й ка́мень
sense:
(uncountable, dentistry) An accumulation of biofilm, or bacteria, on teeth, which may develop into dental calculus (tartar).


lexentry: eng/plasma_acceleration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasma acceleration
trans_list: [[кильватерный|кильва́терное]] [[ускоре́ние]]
sense:
(physics) A method for accelerating electrically charged particles with a large-amplitude electron plasma wave.


lexentry: eng/plasma_accelerator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasma accelerator
trans_list: [[кильва́терный]] [[ускори́тель]] | [[пла́зменный]] [[ускори́тель]]
sense:
(physics) A particle accelerator that uses plasma as the medium of the accelerating field instead of a vacuum, to obtain a larger accelerating gradient.


lexentry: eng/plasmid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasmid
trans_list: плазми́да
sense:
(cytology) A loop of double-stranded DNA that is separate from -and replicates independently of- the chromosomes, most commonly found in bacteria, but also in archaeans and eukaryotic cells, and used in genetic engineering as a vector for gene transfer.


lexentry: eng/plasmon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plasmon
trans_list: плазмон
sense:
(physics, astronomy) The quantum of waves produced by the collective effects of large numbers of electrons when disturbed from equilibrium.


lexentry: eng/plaster__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plaster
trans_list: штукату́рка | штукатурка
sense:
(uncountable) A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand, and water, sometimes with the addition of fibres, that hardens to a smooth solid and is used for coating walls and ceilings; render, stucco.


lexentry: eng/plaster_cast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plaster cast
trans_list: гипсовая повя́зка
sense:
(surgery) A cast made of a stiff material (often plaster of Paris and gauze) in order to immobilize a broken bone for the period of healing.


lexentry: eng/plaster_of_Paris__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plaster of Paris
trans_list: алебастр
sense:
A hemihydrate of calcium sulfate, made by calcining gypsum, that hardens when moistened and allowed to dry; used to make casts, molds and sculpture.


lexentry: eng/plasterboard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasterboard
trans_list: гипсокарто́н
sense:
A construction material consisting of a rigid panel of several layers of fibreboard or paper bonded to a gypsum core.


lexentry: eng/plastic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: plastic
trans_list: ги́бкий
sense:
(biology) Capable of adapting to varying conditions; characterized by environmental adaptability. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/plastic__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plastic
trans_list: пластик | пластмасса
sense:
(figurative, slang) insincerity; fakeness, or a person who is fake or arrogant, or believes that they are better than the rest of the population.


lexentry: eng/plastic_art__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plastic art
trans_list: изя́щные иску́сства
sense:
An art form which involves physical manipulation of a three-dimensional medium by moulding or modeling such as sculpture or ceramics.


lexentry: eng/plastic_bag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plastic bag
trans_list: [[пла́стиковый]] [[паке́т]] | [[полиэтиле́новый]] [[паке́т]] | кулёк
sense:
A type of packaging made of thin, flexible, plastic film, starch, or plastic textile, used for containing and transporting food, waste, and consumer goods. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/plasticity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plasticity
trans_list: ги́бкость | пласти́чность | эласти́чность
sense:
(physics) The property of a solid body whereby it undergoes a permanent change in shape or size when subjected to a stress exceeding a particular value (the yield value).


lexentry: eng/plasticizer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plasticizer
trans_list: пластифика́тор
sense:
Any of various substances added to a material (such as plastic or concrete) in order to make it more pliable.


lexentry: eng/plastron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plastron
trans_list: пластро́н
sense:
The nearly flat part of the shell structure of a tortoise or other animal, similar in composition to the carapace.


lexentry: eng/plate__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: plate
trans_list: блю́до
sense:
A layer of a material on the surface of something, usually qualified by the type of the material; plating


lexentry: eng/plate__Noun__1
sense_num: 17
written_rep: plate
trans_list: пласти́нка
sense:
(dentistry) A shaped and fitted surface, usually ceramic or metal that fits into the mouth and in which teeth are implanted; a dental plate.


lexentry: eng/platelet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platelet
trans_list: тромбоци́т
sense:
(hematology, cytology) A small colorless disk-shaped particle found in the blood of mammals, which plays an important role in the formation of blood clots.


lexentry: eng/platform__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: platform
trans_list: перро́н | платфо́рма | по́диум | помо́ст
sense:
A raised floor for any purpose, e.g. for workmen during construction, or formerly for military cannon.


lexentry: eng/platform__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: platform
trans_list: платфо́рма
sense:
(footwear, in the plural) Ellipsis of platform shoe: a kind of high shoe with an extra layer between the inner and outer soles.


lexentry: eng/platform__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: platform
trans_list: платфо́рма
sense:
(computing) Ellipsis of computing platform: a particular type of operating system or environment such as a database or other specific software, and/or a particular type of computer or microprocessor, used to describe a particular environment for running other software.


lexentry: eng/platform_edge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platform edge
trans_list: край платфо́рмы
sense:
A special zone at the edge of the metro platform that passengers are not allowed to enter, except when the vehicle stands still and is available for getting in or out.


lexentry: eng/platitude__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platitude
trans_list: изби́тая фра́за
sense:
(countable) An often-quoted saying that is supposed to be meaningful but has become unoriginal or hackneyed through overuse.


lexentry: eng/platoon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platoon
trans_list: взвод
sense:
(military) A unit of thirty to forty soldiers typically commanded by a lieutenant and forming part of a company.


lexentry: eng/platypus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: platypus
trans_list: утконо́с | утконос
sense:
A semi-aquatic, egg-laying monotreme mammal with a bill resembling that of a duck, that has a mole-like body, a tail resembling that of a beaver, a waterproof pelt, and flat webbed feet – males have poisonous spurs on the inside of the back legs; Ornithorhynchus anatinus.


lexentry: eng/plausibility__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: plausibility
trans_list: вероятно
sense:
(now in more positive sense) The fact of being believable; believability, credibility. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/plausible__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable; conceivably true or likely.
written_rep: plausible
trans_list:
[[похо́жий]] на [[правда|пра́вду]] | аргументи́рованный | вероя́тный | правдоподо́бный | прие́млемый | состоя́тельный


lexentry: eng/plausible_deniability__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plausible deniability
trans_list: правдоподо́бное отрица́ние
sense:
(politics, business, military, espionage) The organization of clandestine activity in such a way that knowledge of its existence may be denied by those in authority.


lexentry: eng/play__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: play
trans_list: пье́са
sense:
(countable) A literary composition, intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue.


lexentry: eng/play__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: play
trans_list: игра́ть | играться | поигра́ть | играть
sense:
(intransitive) To act in a manner such that one has fun; to engage in activities expressly for the purpose of recreation or entertainment.


lexentry: eng/play__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: play
trans_list: играть
sense:
(transitive, of a person) To operate (a device or media) so as to cause sound (especially music) or moving pictures to be produced.


lexentry: eng/play__Verb__1
sense_num: 15
written_rep: play
trans_list: играть
sense:
(AAVE, intransitive) To kid; to joke; to say something for amusement; to act, or to treat something, unseriously.


lexentry: eng/play_by_ear__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: play by ear
trans_list: [[де́йствовать]] по [[обстоятельство|обстоя́тельствам]] | импровизи́ровать
sense:
(transitive, and, intransitive, idiomatic) To do by guessing, intuition, or trial and error; to react to events as they occur, often with risk of negative outcomes; to improvise.


lexentry: eng/play_hooky__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: play hooky
trans_list: прогу́ливать | прогуля́ть
sense:
(idiomatic, US) To play truant; to avoid (informally: skip) school, work, or other duties (stay away from these without permission nor an excuse); to skive or to bunk off (UK);


lexentry: eng/play_with_fire__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: play with fire
trans_list: игра́ть с огнём | играть с огнём
sense:
(idiomatic) To put oneself in a precarious situation with a high risk of getting harmed, particularly emotionally or financially.


lexentry: eng/playback_singer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: playback singer
trans_list: зака́дровая исполни́тельница | зака́дровый исполни́тель
sense:
(singing, cinematography) A singer whose songs are pre-recorded for use in films, especially Bollywood musicals, where actors lip-sync them.


lexentry: eng/playboy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: playboy
trans_list: гуля́ка | ловела́с | плейбо́й | пове́са
sense:
A single man, especially a wealthy one, who devotes himself to a life of leisure and pleasure, often sexual, without commitments or responsibilities.


lexentry: eng/playground__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: playground
trans_list: де́тская площа́дка | детплоща́дка | шко́льный двор
sense:
(outdoors) A large open space for children to play in, usually having dedicated play equipment (such as swings and slides). [1780]


lexentry: eng/playground__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: playground
trans_list: игрова́я площа́дка
sense:
(figuratively) Any physical or metaphysical space in which a person or organization has free rein to do as they please.


lexentry: eng/playing_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: playing card
trans_list: игра́льная ка́рта | ка́рта
sense:
(cards) Any of the usually 52 rectangular pieces of card used to play numerous games, featuring either one to 10 pips or a picture and belonging of one of four suits.


lexentry: eng/playlist__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: playlist
trans_list: плейли́ст | спи́сок воспроизведе́ния
sense:
(computing) A list of tracks or videos to be played in a particular sequence, as from an audio CD or a streaming service.


lexentry: eng/plea_bargain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plea bargain
trans_list: сде́лка
sense:
(US, legal) An agreement in which a defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge instead of not guilty to a greater one


lexentry: eng/pleach__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleach
trans_list: переплета́ть | сплета́ть
sense:
(transitive) To unite by interweaving, as (horticulture) branches of shrubs, trees, etc., to create a hedge; to interlock, to plash.


lexentry: eng/please_repeat_after_me__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: please repeat after me
trans_list: повторя́йте за мно́й, пожа́луйста
sense:
A request for the interlocutor to repeat what the speaker says next. Often used in language training.


lexentry: eng/please_say_that_again__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Used as request for the interlocutor to repeat what he or she said previously.
written_rep: please say that again
trans_list:
повтори́, пожа́луйста | повтори́те, пожа́луйста | скажи́ ещё раз, пожа́луйста | скажи́те ещё раз, пожа́луйста


lexentry: eng/please_sit_down__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Offering a seat to somebody.
written_rep: please sit down
trans_list:
[[садиться|сади́сь]], [[пожа́луйста]] | [[садиться|сади́тесь]], [[пожа́луйста]] | [[сесть|ся́дь]], [[пожа́луйста]] | [[сесть|ся́дьте]], [[пожа́луйста]]


lexentry: eng/please_turn_left__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: please turn left
trans_list: поверни́те нале́во, пожа́луйста
sense:
When giving directions to a person (for example, a taxi driver), indicates that he or she should turn left.


lexentry: eng/please_turn_right__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: please turn right
trans_list: поверни́те напра́во, пожа́луйста
sense:
When giving directions to a person (for example, a taxi driver), indicates that he or she should turn right.


lexentry: eng/pleasure_garden__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleasure garden
trans_list: вокза́л
sense:
A park or garden that is open to the public for entertainment, typically including concert halls, bandstands, amusement rides, and zoos.


lexentry: eng/pleat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleat
trans_list: скла́дка
sense:
(sewing) A fold in the fabric of a garment, usually a skirt, as a part of the design of the garment, with the purpose of adding controlled fullness and freedom of movement, or taking up excess fabric. There are many types of pleats, differing in their construction and appearance.


lexentry: eng/plebiscite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plebiscite
trans_list: плебисци́т | рефере́ндум
sense:
(law, politics) A direct popular vote on an issue of public importance, such as an amendment to the constitution, a change in the sovereignty of the nation, or some government policy.


lexentry: eng/plebiscitum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plebiscitum
trans_list: плебисцит
sense:
(Ancient Rome, historical) A law enacted by the common people, under the superintendence of a tribune or some subordinate plebeian magistrate, without the intervention of the senate.


lexentry: eng/plectrum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plectrum
trans_list: плектр | медиа́тор
sense:
(music) A small piece of plastic, metal, ivory, etc., for plucking the strings of a guitar, lyre, mandolin, etc.


lexentry: eng/plenipotentiary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plenipotentiary
trans_list: полномо́чный представи́тель | полпре́д | уполномо́ченный | уполномоченный
sense:
A person invested with full powers, especially as the diplomatic agent of a sovereign state, (originally) charged with handling a certain matter. [from c. 1645]


lexentry: eng/pleophony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleophony
trans_list: полногла́сие
sense:
(phonology) The phenomenon by which the Late Proto-Slavic "liquid diphthongs", formed from a vowel followed by a liquid *r or *l, become disyllabic -oro-, -ere- and -olo- reflexes in East Slavic languages.


lexentry: eng/pleroma__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pleroma
trans_list: плеро́ма
sense:
(Christianity) A state of perfect fullness, especially of God's being as incarnated in Jesus Christ.


lexentry: eng/pleroma__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleroma
trans_list: плеро́ма
sense:
(Gnosticism, historical) Often preceded by the: the spiritual universe seen as the totality of the essence and powers of God.


lexentry: eng/plesiosaur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plesiosaur
trans_list: плезиоза́вр
sense:
Any of several extinct marine reptiles, of the order †Plesiosauria, from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. [from c. 1840]


lexentry: eng/pleura__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pleura
trans_list: пле́вра | плевра
sense:
(anatomy) Each of a pair of smooth serous membranes which line the thorax and envelop the lungs in humans and other mammals.


lexentry: eng/plexiglass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plexiglass
trans_list: [[органический|органи́ческое]] [[стекло́]] | оргстекло́ | плексигла́с
sense:
polymethyl methacrylate (polymer of methyl methacrylate), a tough transparent plastic used sometimes in lieu of glass.


lexentry: eng/plicate__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plicate
trans_list: сборный
sense:
(biology) Folded multiple times lengthwise like a fan, usually lending stiffness to a flat structure such as a leaf; corrugated; pleated.


lexentry: eng/pliers__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pliers
trans_list: щипцы́ | кле́щи | куса́чки | пассати́жи | плоскогу́бцы
sense:
A pincer-like gripping tool that multiplies the strength of the user's hand, often used for bending things.


lexentry: eng/plight__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A dire or unfortunate situation. [from 14th c.]
written_rep: plight
trans_list:
[[трудный|тру́дное]] / [[бедственный|бе́дственное]] / [[отчаянный|отча́янное]] [[положе́ние]] / [[ситуа́ция]]


lexentry: eng/plimsoll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plimsoll
trans_list: кеды
sense:
(UK, Irish) A rubber-soled lace-up canvas shoe for sports or onboard ships; a precursor of trainers.


lexentry: eng/plodder__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plodder
trans_list: копу́н | копу́нья | копу́ша
sense:
A person who works slowly, making a great effort with little result; a person who studies laboriously.


lexentry: eng/plop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plop
trans_list: плеск
sense:
(countable) A sound or action like liquid hitting a hard surface, or an object falling into a body of water.


lexentry: eng/plot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plot
trans_list: сюже́т | фа́була
sense:
(narratology) The course of a story, comprising a series of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means. [from 1640s]


lexentry: eng/plot__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: plot
trans_list: за́говор | интри́га | сго́вор
sense:
A secret plan to achieve an end, the end or means usually being illegal or otherwise questionable. [from 1580s]


lexentry: eng/plot_twist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plot twist
trans_list: [[поворо́т]] [[сюже́та]]
sense:
A change in the direction or expected outcome of the plot of a film, novel, or other narrative work.


lexentry: eng/plotter__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plotter
trans_list: графопострои́тель | пло́ттер
sense:
(computing) An output device that draws graphs and other pictorial images on paper, sometimes using attached pens.


lexentry: eng/plough__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plough
trans_list: плуг
sense:
(agriculture) A device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting.


lexentry: eng/plough__Verb__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: plough
trans_list: паха́ть | пахать
sense:
(joinery) To cut a groove in, as in a plank, or the edge of a board; especially, a rectangular groove to receive the end of a shelf or tread, the edge of a panel, a tongue, etc.


lexentry: eng/pluck__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pluck
trans_list: игра́ть | перебира́ть | щипа́ть
sense:
(transitive, music) To play (a single string on a musical instrument) by pulling and then releasing it, such as on a guitar.


lexentry: eng/plug__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plug
trans_list: ви́лка | ште́псельная ви́лка | ште́кер | ште́псель
sense:
(electricity) A pronged connecting device which fits into a mating socket, especially an electrical one.


lexentry: eng/plum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plum
trans_list: сли́ва | слива
sense:
An edible, fleshy stone fruit of Prunus domestica (European plum), often of a dark red or purple colour. [from 8th c.]


lexentry: eng/plumage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plumage
trans_list: опере́ние
sense:
(ornithology, collective noun) Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally; feathering.


lexentry: eng/plumb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plumb
trans_list: лот
sense:
A little mass of lead, or the like, attached to a line, and used by builders, etc., to indicate a vertical direction.


lexentry: eng/plumber__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plumber
trans_list: водопрово́дчик | санте́хник | водопроводчик
sense:
One who furnishes, fits, and repairs pipes and other apparatus for the conveyance of water, gas, or drainage.


lexentry: eng/plumbing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plumbing
trans_list: санте́хника
sense:
The pipes, together with the joints, tanks, stopcocks, taps, and other fixtures of a water, gas, or sewage system in a house or other building.


lexentry: eng/plumbism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plumbism
trans_list: [[отравле́ние]] [[свинец|свинцо́м]] | сатурни́зм
sense:
(medicine) A diseased condition, produced by the absorption of lead, common among workers in this metal or in its compounds, as among painters, typesetters, etc. Symptoms include lead colic, lead line, and wrist drop.


lexentry: eng/plume__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plume
trans_list: перо́
sense:
(archaic, literary, and, poetic) A feather of a bird, especially a large or showy one used as a decoration.


lexentry: eng/plume__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plume
trans_list: плюма́ж | султа́н
sense:
(archaic, literary, and, poetic) A cluster of feathers worn as an ornament, especially on a helmet; a hackle.


lexentry: eng/plume__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plume
trans_list: [[чи́стить]] пёрышки
sense:
(transitive, reflexive) Chiefly of a bird: to arrange and preen the feathers of, specifically in preparation for flight; hence (figurative) , to prepare for (something).


lexentry: eng/plume__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plume
trans_list: хвали́ться
sense:
(transitive, reflexive, by extension) To congratulate (oneself) proudly, especially concerning something unimportant or when taking credit for another person's effort; to self-congratulate.


lexentry: eng/plummet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plummet
trans_list: отве́с | лот
sense:
(archaic, nautical) A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water; a plumb bob or a plumb line.


lexentry: eng/plunger__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: plunger
trans_list: плу́нжер | по́ршень | ска́лка
sense:
The sliding activator of an exploder, an electrical generator used to trigger electrical detonators such as blasting caps.


lexentry: eng/pluperfect_tense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pluperfect tense
trans_list: давнопроше́дшее вре́мя | плюсквамперфе́кт | предпроше́дшее вре́мя
sense:
(grammar, of a verb) Tense of a verb used when referring to something that happened before a past setting or the imperfect; formed in English by adding had before the past participle of a verb, or by adding had been before the present participle of the verb.


lexentry: eng/plural__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plural
trans_list: мн. | мн. ч. | мно́жественное число́
sense:
(grammar, uncountable) The plural number. In English, referring to more or less than one of something.


lexentry: eng/plural__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: plural
trans_list: мно́жественное число́ | множественное число
sense:
(grammar, countable) A word in the form in which it potentially refers to something other than one person or thing; and other than two things if the language has a dual form.


lexentry: eng/plurale_tantum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plurale tantum
trans_list: плюра́лия та́нтум
sense:
(grammar) A noun (either in certain of its senses or in all its senses) that does not generally have a singular form.


lexentry: eng/pluralism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pluralism
trans_list: плюрали́зм
sense:
(sociology) A social system that permits smaller groups within a society to maintain their individual cultural identities.


lexentry: eng/plus_sign__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plus sign
trans_list: знак плюс | плюс
sense:
(arithmetic) The symbol + used to denote the operation of addition, to indicate that a number is positive, and so on.


lexentry: eng/plutino__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plutino
trans_list: плути́но
sense:
(astronomy) Any planetoid in the Kuiper belt whose orbit, like that of Pluto, has a resonance of 3:2 with that of Neptune.


lexentry: eng/plutonium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: plutonium
trans_list: плуто́ний | плутоний
sense:
The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 94 and symbol Pu: a silvery-gray fissile radioactive actinide metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.


lexentry: eng/ply__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: ply
trans_list: полухо́д
sense:
(artificial intelligence, combinatorial, _, game theory) In two-player sequential games, a "half-turn" or a move made by one of the players.


lexentry: eng/ply__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ply
trans_list: сгиба́ть | скру́чивать
sense:
(transitive, obsolete) To bend; to fold; to mould; (figuratively) to adapt, to modify; to change (a person's) mind, to cause (a person) to submit.


lexentry: eng/ply__Verb__2
sense_num: 07
written_rep: ply
trans_list: [[усе́рдно]] [[рабо́тать]] | по́тчевать
sense:
(intransitive, nautical, obsolete) To manoeuvre a sailing vessel so that the direction of the wind changes from one side of the vessel to the other; to work to windward, to beat, to tack.


lexentry: eng/pneumococcus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pneumococcus
trans_list: пневмоко́кк
sense:
A gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, that causes pneumonia and other infectious diseases


lexentry: eng/pneumonia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pneumonia
trans_list: воспале́ние лёгких | пневмони́я | пневмония
sense:
An acute or chronic inflammation of the lungs caused by viruses, bacteria or other microorganisms, or sometimes by physical or chemical irritants.


lexentry: eng/pnictogen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pnictogen
trans_list: пниктоге́н
sense:
(chemistry) Any element from group 15 of the periodic table, which includes nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.


lexentry: eng/po-faced__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: po-faced
trans_list: строгий
sense:
(British) Wearing a particularly stern and disapproving expression; humourless; priggish. [from 1930s]


lexentry: eng/poach__Verb__2
sense_num: 05
written_rep: poach
trans_list: перема́нивать | перемани́ть
sense:
(business, ambitransitive) To entice (an employee or customer) to switch from a competing company to one's own.


lexentry: eng/poacher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poacher
trans_list: браконье́р | браконьер
sense:
A person who trespasses in order to take game illegally, one who poaches; a person who illegally takes animals or plants from the wild.


lexentry: eng/pochard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pochard
trans_list: ныро́к
sense:
Any of various diving ducks of the subfamily Aythyinae (genera Aythya and Netta), especially the common pochard, Aythya ferina.


lexentry: eng/pocket__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pocket
trans_list: лу́за
sense:
(sports, billiards, pool, snooker) An indention and cavity with a net sack or similar structure (into which the balls are to be struck) at each corner and one centered on each side of a pool or snooker table.


lexentry: eng/pocketbook__Noun__1
written_rep: pocketbook
trans_list:
[[карманный|карма́нная]] [[кни́га]] | [[кни́га]] [[небольшой|небольшо́го]] [[формат|форма́та]] | по́кет


lexentry: eng/podcast__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: podcast
trans_list: подка́ст | подкаст
sense:
A program, especially an audio program, produced on a regular basis, delivered over the Internet in a compressed digital format and designed for playback on computers or portable devices such as mobile phones. [from early 21st c.]


lexentry: eng/podfic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: podfic
trans_list: подфи́к
sense:
(uncountable, fandom slang) Fan fiction read aloud and made into audio files available for streaming or download.


lexentry: eng/podiatrist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: podiatrist
trans_list: подиа́тр
sense:
(medicine) A health care practitioner who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of foot ailments.


lexentry: eng/podium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: podium
trans_list: по́диум | возвыше́ние | платфо́рма
sense:
A platform on which to stand, as when conducting an orchestra or preaching at a pulpit; any low platform or dais.


lexentry: eng/podium__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: podium
trans_list: по́диум
sense:
(sports, and, other competitions) A steepled platform upon which the three competitors with the best results may stand when being handed their medals or prize.


lexentry: eng/poetic_licence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poetic licence
trans_list: поэти́ческая во́льность
sense:
Any departure from convention or from factual accuracy taken by a writer to achieve a desired effect.


lexentry: eng/poetry__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: poetry
trans_list: поэзия
sense:
(figurative) An artistic quality that appeals to or evokes the emotions, in any medium; something having such a quality.


lexentry: eng/pogo_stick__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pogo stick
trans_list: пого-стик | тренажёр кузне́чик
sense:
A toy, used for hopping up and down on, consisting of a pole with a T-bar handle at one end, and spring-loaded footpads on the other.


lexentry: eng/pogost__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pogost
trans_list: пого́ст
sense:
(historical) A medieval administrative and territorial district in Russia, varying in size from tens to hundreds of villages.


lexentry: eng/poinsettia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poinsettia
trans_list: пуансе́ттия
sense:
A plant, Euphorbia pulcherrima, with rather small and insignificant flowers surrounded by large bright red leaves; native to Mexico and Central America and widely cultivated as a garden plant.


lexentry: eng/point-blank__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: point-blank
trans_list: в упо́р
sense:
(ballistics) The distance between a firearm and a target where a projectile in flight is expected to strike the centre of the target without adjusting the elevation of the firearm.


lexentry: eng/point-to-point__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point-to-point
trans_list: точка-точка
sense:
(telecommunications) Employing a simple network topology with a dedicated link between two endpoints.


lexentry: eng/point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point
trans_list: пункт | то́чка | точка
sense:
(mathematics, science) A zero-dimensional mathematical object representing a location in one or more dimensions; something considered to have position but no magnitude or direction. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/point__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: point
trans_list: взгляд | мне́ние | то́чка
sense:
(automotive, mostly, in the plural) Either of the two metal surfaces in a distributor which close or open to allow or prevent the flow of current through the ignition coil. There is usually a moving point, pushed by the distributor cam, and a fixed point, and they are built together as a unit.


lexentry: eng/point__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: point
trans_list: пункт | точка
sense:
(typography) a unit of measure equal to 1/12 of a pica, or approximately 1/72 of an inch (exactly 1/72 of an inch in the digital era). [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/point__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point
trans_list: ука́зывать | указа́ть
sense:
(intransitive) To extend the index finger in the direction of something in order to show where it is or to draw attention to it.


lexentry: eng/point_guard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point guard
trans_list: ба́за
sense:
(basketball) A guard who is usually the shortest of the five basketball positions, and specializes in handling the ball, distributing it to the other players and generally running the team's offense.


lexentry: eng/point_of_departure__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: point of departure
trans_list: исходный пункт
sense:
(formal, figuratively) of abstract processes that can be compared to a voyage: initial circumstances. Frequent collocations include, but are not limited to:


lexentry: eng/point_of_inflection__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point of inflection
trans_list: то́чка переги́ба
sense:
(mathematics) A point on a curve at which the sign of the curvature changes; at this point the second derivative of the underlying function will be zero, but positive on one side and negative on the other.


lexentry: eng/point_of_no_return__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point of no return
trans_list: то́чка невозвра́та
sense:
(aviation) The point in an aircraft's flight when there is insufficient fuel to reverse direction and return to the place of origin.


lexentry: eng/point_of_sale__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point of sale
trans_list: ка́сса
sense:
(retail) The location at which payment for goods is made in an establishment that sells goods or services.


lexentry: eng/point_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: point out
trans_list: ука́зывать | указа́ть
sense:
(transitive, idiomatic) To identify among a group of similar subjects, or in a scene where the subject might not be readily seen or noticed, with a gesture of the body.


lexentry: eng/point_out__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
sense: (figuratively, idiomatic) To tell, remind, indicate.
written_rep: point out
trans_list:
[[привле́чь]] [[внима́ние]] | [[привлека́ть]] [[внима́ние]] | напо́мнить | напомина́ть | ука́зывать | указа́ть


lexentry: eng/pointer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pointer
trans_list: по́йнтер | стре́лка | указа́тель
sense:
A needlelike component of a timepiece or measuring device that indicates the time or the current reading of the device.


lexentry: eng/pointlessness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pointlessness
trans_list: бессмы́сленность
sense:
(countable) The lack of meaning, purpose, or ideas; the characteristic or condition of being pointless.


lexentry: eng/points__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: points
trans_list: стре́лка
sense:
(rail transport, UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) Movable rails which can be used to switch a train from one railway track to another.


lexentry: eng/poise__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: poise
trans_list: изготавливаться
sense:
To hold (something) in equilibrium, to hold balanced and ready; to carry (something) ready to be used. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/poison_ivy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poison ivy
trans_list: ядови́тый плющ
sense:
Any of three ivy-like species of Toxicodendron, known for their ability to cause an itching rash and blistering for most people, through urushiol, an oil that is a skin irritant.


lexentry: eng/poisoned_chalice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poisoned chalice
trans_list: медве́жья услу́га
sense:
(idiomatic) Something which is initially regarded as advantageous but which is later recognized to be disadvantageous or harmful; an apparently beneficial or benign instrument or scheme for causing death or harm.


lexentry: eng/poker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poker
trans_list: кочерга́
sense:
A metal rod, generally of wrought iron, for adjusting the burning logs or coals in a fire; a firestick. [from earlier 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/poker_face__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poker face
trans_list: мо́рда кирпичо́м | по́кер-фе́йс
sense:
(poker) An impassive facial expression cultivated to prevent other players from determining whether one's actions in the game are the result of a quality hand, or of bluffing.


lexentry: eng/pokeweed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pokeweed
trans_list: лаконо́с | фитола́кка
sense:
A poisonous North American plant, Phytolacca americana, with reddish stems, broad leaves, clusters of white flowers, and dark purple berries.


lexentry: eng/polar__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar
trans_list: по́люсный | поля́рный
sense:
(geography) Of, relating to, measured from, or referred to a geographic pole (the North Pole or South Pole); within the Arctic or Antarctic circles.


lexentry: eng/polar__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar
trans_list: поля́рный | полярный
sense:
(mathematics) Of a coordinate system, specifying the location of a point in a plane by using a radius and an angle.


lexentry: eng/polar_bear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar bear
trans_list: бе́лый медве́дь | поля́рный медве́дь | белый медведь
sense:
A hypercarnivorous species of bear, Ursus maritimus, whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle.


lexentry: eng/polar_circle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar circle
trans_list: поля́рный круг | полярный круг
sense:
(geography) Either of the two parallels of the Earth located at the latitude of 66° 33′ 44″ N and 66° 33′ 44″ S.


lexentry: eng/polar_coordinates__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: polar coordinates
trans_list: поля́рные координа́ты
sense:
(mathematics) The coordinates of a point in three-dimensional space, measured as its Cartesian distance from the origin, the angle measured from the z-axis to a line joining the point to the origin, and the angle measured counterclockwise from the x-axis to this line.


lexentry: eng/polar_night__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polar night
trans_list: полярная ночь
sense:
A period of darkness that occurs in winter in polar regions north from the Arctic Circle and south from the Antarctic Circle, and during which the sun stays below the horizon.


lexentry: eng/polarity__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: polarity
trans_list: поля́рность
sense:
(chemistry) The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces between the slightly positively-charged end of one molecule to the negative end of another or the same molecule. Wp


lexentry: eng/polarizability__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polarizability
trans_list: поляризу́емость
sense:
(physics) The relative tendency of a system of electric charges to become polarized in the presence of an external electric field.


lexentry: eng/polaron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polaron
trans_list: полярон
sense:
(physics) The object (a quasiparticle) that results when an electron (or hole) in the conduction band of a crystalline insulator or semiconductor polarizes the lattice in its vicinity.


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pole
trans_list: жердь | шест
sense:
Originally, a stick; now specifically, a long and slender piece of metal or (especially) wood, used for various construction or support purposes.


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pole
trans_list: по́люс | полюс
sense:
A point of magnetic focus, especially each of the two opposing such points of a magnet (designated north and south).


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__2
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pole
trans_list: по́люс | полюс
sense:
(electricity) A contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves.


lexentry: eng/pole__Noun__2
sense_num: 05
written_rep: pole
trans_list: по́люс | полюс
sense:
(complex analysis) For a meromorphic function f(z), any point a for which f(z) \rightarrow \infty as z \rightarrow a.


lexentry: eng/pole_star__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pole star
trans_list: поляри́ссима
sense:
(star) The star visible to the naked eye which was in the past, is now, or will be in the future nearest a celestial pole of a planet.


lexentry: eng/pole_vault__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pole vault
trans_list: прыжо́к с шесто́м | прыжок с шестом
sense:
(athletics) a jumping event contested in track and field which requires an athlete to carry a fiberglass pole down a runway, plant the pole into a vaulting box and vault over a fiberglass bar, landing on a matted pit


lexentry: eng/polenta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polenta
trans_list: поле́нта
sense:
Any of various types and consistencies of a starchy accompaniment to a meal made from coarse maize-meal porridge, sometimes fried or grilled.


lexentry: eng/police__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police
trans_list: поли́ция | мили́ция | полиция
sense:
(North America, &, _, historical) A department of local (usually municipal) government responsible for general law enforcement.


lexentry: eng/police_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (chiefly, British, dated) A telephone kiosk where members of the public may telephone the police.
written_rep: police box
trans_list:
милице́йская бу́дка | милице́йский пост | милице́йский уча́сток | полице́йская бу́дка | полице́йский пост


lexentry: eng/police_officer__Noun__1
written_rep: police officer
trans_list:
полице́йский | [[офице́р]] [[полиция|поли́ции]] | [[сотру́дник]] [[полиция|поли́ции]] | коп | ляга́вый | мент


lexentry: eng/police_procedural__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police procedural
trans_list: детектив
sense:
A subgenre of crime fiction which portrays the activities of a police force as they investigate crimes. Unlike in other types of crime fiction, the perpetrator may be known at the outset of the story.


lexentry: eng/police_state__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police state
trans_list: полице́йское госуда́рство
sense:
(usually, pejorative) A polity whose government exercises strict and repressive control of the people.


lexentry: eng/police_station__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: police station
trans_list: [[отделе́ние]] [[полиция|поли́ции]] | [[полице́йский]] [[уча́сток]]
sense:
(police) A building serving as the headquarters of a branch of the police force, and sometimes as a temporary place of confinement for offenders.


lexentry: eng/policy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: policy
trans_list: курс | ли́ния | поли́тика
sense:
A principle of behaviour, conduct etc. thought to be desirable or necessary, especially as formally expressed by a government or other authoritative body. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/policy__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: policy
trans_list: курс | ли́ния | поли́тика
sense:
Wise or advantageous conduct; prudence, formerly also with connotations of craftiness. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/poliomyelitis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poliomyelitis
trans_list: полиомиели́т
sense:
(pathology) Acute infection by the poliovirus, especially of the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis and sometimes deformity.


lexentry: eng/politburo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: politburo
trans_list: Политбюро́ | политбюро́
sense:
The governing council and chief policymaking body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and other Marxist-Leninist political systems.


lexentry: eng/political__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: political
trans_list: полити́ческий | политический
sense:
(pejorative) Motivated, especially inappropriately, by political (electoral; or, more generally, power, standing, influence or conflict) calculation.


lexentry: eng/political__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: political
trans_list: полити́ческий | политический
sense:
Of or relating to views about social relationships that involve power, standing, influence or conflict.


lexentry: eng/political_asylum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political asylum
trans_list: полити́ческое убе́жище | убе́жище
sense:
The protection, by a sovereign state, of a person who is persecuted in their own country for their political opinions or activity


lexentry: eng/political_commissar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political commissar
trans_list: комисса́р | политру́к
sense:
(communism, military) A supervisory political officer responsible for ideological education and organization.


lexentry: eng/political_economy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political economy
trans_list: полити́ческая эконо́мия | политэконо́мия
sense:
(economics, politics) Interdisciplinary studies drawing upon economics, law, and political science in explaining how political institutions, the political environment, and the economic system — capitalist, socialist, mixed, and so on — influence each other.


lexentry: eng/political_opposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political opposition
trans_list: оппозиция
sense:
A recognized political party or group of parties in multiparty political systems that is present in Parliament or some other legislative body and does not control the floor (usually due to being in the minority).


lexentry: eng/political_party__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political party
trans_list: [[политический|полити́ческая]] [[па́ртия]] | па́ртия | политформирование
sense:
A political organization that subscribes to a certain ideology and seeks to attain political power through representation in government.


lexentry: eng/political_prisoner__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A person imprisoned for their political views or political activism.
written_rep: political prisoner
trans_list:
политзаключённый | [[полити́ческий]] заключённый | [[политический|полити́ческая]] заключённая | политзаключённая | политзэ́к | у́зник со́вести


lexentry: eng/political_risk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political risk
trans_list: полити́ческий риск
sense:
(finance) Any financial or other risk that stems from the possibility of a nation changing its policies.


lexentry: eng/political_spectrum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: political spectrum
trans_list: политический спектр
sense:
The various political viewpoints represented as a continuum, ranging from the extreme left to the extreme right.


lexentry: eng/polity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polity
trans_list: [[фо́рма]] [[правление|правле́ния]] | режи́м | строй | устро́йство
sense:
(politics, religion, usually, uncountable) Organizational structure and governance, especially of a state or a religion.


lexentry: eng/pollination__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pollination
trans_list: опыле́ние | опыление
sense:
(botany) The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma; effected by insects, birds, bats and the wind etc.


lexentry: eng/polling_station__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polling station
trans_list: [[избира́тельный]] [[уча́сток]]
sense:
(Britain, Canada, Australia) a place where voters go to cast their ballot in an election or referendum; a voting station


lexentry: eng/pollution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pollution
trans_list: загрязне́ние | загрязнение
sense:
Physical contamination, now especially the contamination of the environment by harmful substances, or by disruptive levels of noise, light etc. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/pollution__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pollution
trans_list: поллю́ция
sense:
(now, archaic) The ejaculation of semen outside of sexual intercourse, especially a nocturnal emission. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/polo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polo
trans_list: по́ло | поло
sense:
(uncountable) A ball game where two teams of players on horseback use long-handled mallets to propel the ball along the ground and into their opponent's goal.


lexentry: eng/polo_shirt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polo shirt
trans_list: по́ло
sense:
A casual, usually short-sleeved, shirt with a protruding collar and a small number of buttons extending a short distance below the collar (and not all the way down the front of the shirt).


lexentry: eng/poltergeist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poltergeist
trans_list: полтерге́йст | полтергейст
sense:
(parapsychology) An unseen ghost which makes noises and causes disruption, especially by causing physical objects to move or fly about.


lexentry: eng/polyamide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyamide
trans_list: полиамид
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any of a range of polymers containing amide (or peptide) repeat units; examples include proteins and nylon.


lexentry: eng/polyamory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyamory
trans_list: полиамо́рия | полиамория
sense:
Any of various practices involving romantic or sexual relationships with multiple partners with the knowledge and consent of all involved.


lexentry: eng/polyandry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyandry
trans_list: многому́жество | полиа́ндрия | полиандрия
sense:
The having of a plurality of husbands at the same time; usually, the marriage of a woman to more than one man, or the practice of having several husbands, at the same time.


lexentry: eng/polycarbonate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polycarbonate
trans_list: поликарбонаты
sense:
(chemistry) Any of a range of polymers of aromatic carbonates; they are used to make light, flexible alternatives to glass. Abbreviation: PC


lexentry: eng/polycondensation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polycondensation
trans_list: поликонденса́ция
sense:
(chemistry) Any condensation reaction, of a monomer having two functional groups, which leads to the formation of a polymer (a polycondensate).


lexentry: eng/polycystic_ovary_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polycystic ovary syndrome
trans_list: синдром поликистозных яичников
sense:
(medicine) A syndrome characterised by polycystic ovaries, menstrual disturbance, and high levels of androgens or insulin.


lexentry: eng/polydactyly__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polydactyly
trans_list: полидактилия
sense:
(medicine, teratology) A congenital condition in which a person or animal has more than the usual number of digits (fingers or toes) on at least one of their hands or feet.


lexentry: eng/polyethylene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyethylene
trans_list: полиэтиле́н | полиэтилен
sense:
(organic compound) A polymer consisting of many ethylene monomers bonded together; used for kitchenware, containers etc.


lexentry: eng/polyethylene_terephthalate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyethylene terephthalate
trans_list: ПЭТ | ПЭТФ | полиэтиле́нтерефтала́т
sense:
(organic compound) A thermoplastic resin of the polyester family used particularly in the manufacture of plastic bottles (PET) and fabrics (Terylene).


lexentry: eng/polygamy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: polygamy
trans_list: многожёнство | многобра́чие | многому́жество | полигами́я
sense:
(often, especially in common use) Synonym of polygyny (“marriage of a man to more than one wife, the practice of having several wives at the same time”)


lexentry: eng/polyglot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyglot
trans_list: полигло́тта
sense:
A publication in several languages; specifically, a book (especially a bible) containing several versions of the same subject matter or text in several languages.


lexentry: eng/polygon_mesh__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polygon mesh
trans_list: ячея
sense:
(computer graphics) A collection of vertices, edges and faces that defines the shape of a polyhedral object.


lexentry: eng/polygyny__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polygyny
trans_list: многожёнство | полигини́я
sense:
The state or practice of having several wives at the same time; plurality of wives; marriage to several wives.


lexentry: eng/polylectic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polylectic
trans_list: полилектический
sense:
(entomology) Of or relating to an insect (especially a bee) which collects pollen from the flowers of a variety of unrelated plants.


lexentry: eng/polymer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polymer
trans_list: полиме́р | полимер
sense:
(organic chemistry) A long or larger molecule consisting of a chain or network of many repeating units, formed by chemically bonding together many identical or similar small molecules called monomers. A polymer is formed by polymerization, the joining of many monomer molecules.


lexentry: eng/polymerase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polymerase
trans_list: полимераза
sense:
(enzyme) Any of various enzymes that catalyze the formation of polymers of DNA or RNA using an existing strand of RNA or DNA respectively as a template.


lexentry: eng/polymerase_chain_reaction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polymerase chain reaction
trans_list: полимера́зная цепна́я реа́кция
sense:
(genetics, molecular biology, organic chemistry) A technique in molecular biology for creating multiple copies of DNA from a sample; used in genetic fingerprinting etc.


lexentry: eng/polymerization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polymerization
trans_list: полимериза́ция
sense:
(organic chemistry) The chemical process, normally with the aid of a catalyst, to form a polymer by bonding together multiple identical units (monomers).


lexentry: eng/polymethyl_methacrylate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polymethyl methacrylate
trans_list: оргстекло́ | плексигла́с
sense:
(organic compound) A thermoplastic transparent plastic manufactured by the polymerization of methyl methacrylate, often used in place of glass - it being lighter, softer and not shattering on impact.


lexentry: eng/polymethyl_methyacrylate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polymethyl methyacrylate
trans_list: [[органический|органи́ческое]] [[стекло́]] | оргстекло́ | плексигла́с
sense:
(chemistry) A tough, transparent thermoplastic polymer of methyl methyacrylate; it is used as a substitute for glass under the proprietary names of Perspex, Plexiglass and Lucite


lexentry: eng/polymorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: polymorphism
trans_list: полиморфизм
sense:
(biology) The coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but produced from common parents.


lexentry: eng/polymorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: polymorphism
trans_list: полиморфизм
sense:
(object-oriented programming) The feature pertaining to the dynamic treatment of data elements based on their type, allowing for an instance of a method to have several definitions.


lexentry: eng/polymorphism__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: polymorphism
trans_list: полиморфизм
sense:
(crystallography) The ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure; pleomorphism.


lexentry: eng/polynomial__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polynomial
trans_list: многочле́н | многочлен | полином
sense:
(algebra, strict sense) An expression consisting of a sum of a finite number of terms, each term being the product of a constant coefficient and one or more variables raised to a non-negative integer power, such as a_n x^n + a_{n-1}x^{n-1} + ... + a_0 x^0.


lexentry: eng/polynya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polynya
trans_list: лу́нка | полынья́ | про́рубь | прота́лина
sense:
(hydrology, oceanography) A naturally formed transient area of open water surrounded by sea ice, especially in polar or subpolar seas. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/polyomino__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyomino
trans_list: полими́но
sense:
(geometry) A plane polyform made by joining one or more squares edge to edge in various arrangements; a similar polyform made from triangles or hexagons (or any polygon that can tile a plane)


lexentry: eng/polyphony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyphony
trans_list: многоголо́сие | полифони́я
sense:
(music) Musical texture consisting of several independent melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice (monophony) or music with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (homophony).


lexentry: eng/polypropylene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polypropylene
trans_list: полипропиле́н
sense:
A thermoplastic resin made by the polymerization of propylene, and used for films, fibres, or moulding materials.


lexentry: eng/polyptoton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyptoton
trans_list: многопаде́жие | полиптотон
sense:
(rhetoric) A stylistic scheme in which words from the same root are used together, or a word is repeated in a different inflection or case.


lexentry: eng/polysemy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polysemy
trans_list: многозна́чность | полисеми́я
sense:
(semantics) The property of a word, sign or symbol that can represent multiple meanings, including multiple similar ones.


lexentry: eng/polysurgery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polysurgery
trans_list: полихирурги́я
sense:
(medicine) Multiple surgical operations, especially when part of a morbid condition where the patient desires unnecessary surgery.


lexentry: eng/polysynthetic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polysynthetic
trans_list: полисинтети́ческий
sense:
(grammar, of languages) Characterized by a prevalence of relatively long words containing a large number of morphemes. Typically, the morphemes are bound.


lexentry: eng/polytechnic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polytechnic
trans_list: политехнический
sense:
(UK, dated) An educational institute that teaches applied arts and sciences rather than academic subjects.


lexentry: eng/polytope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polytope
trans_list: полито́п | полиэ́др
sense:
(geometry) A finite region of n-dimensional space bounded by hyperplanes (a geometric shape with flat sides, existing in any number of dimensions); the geometrical entity represented by the general term of the infinite sequence "point, line, polygon, polyhedron, ...".


lexentry: eng/polyunsaturated_fat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyunsaturated fat
trans_list: полиненасы́щенный жир
sense:
(fatty acid) A fat or oil, almost exclusively from vegetable sources, containing a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids.


lexentry: eng/polyurethane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyurethane
trans_list: полиурета́н
sense:
(organic chemistry) Any of various polymeric resins containing urethane links; used in very many industrial and domestic applications.


lexentry: eng/polyvinyl_chloride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: polyvinyl chloride
trans_list: поливинилхлорид
sense:
A thermoplastic resin produced by the polymerization of vinyl chloride; used as an electrical insulator and in many other applications. Can be compounded into flexible and rigid forms through the use of plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers and other modifiers.


lexentry: eng/pomander__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pomander
trans_list: помандер
sense:
(countable, uncountable, historical) A mixture of aromatic substances, made into a ball and carried by a person to impart a sweet smell or as a protection against infection. [from late 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/pomegranate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pomegranate
trans_list: грана́т | гранат
sense:
The fruit of the Punica granatum, about the size of an orange with a thick, hard, reddish skin enclosing many seeds, each with an edible pink or red pulp tasting both sweet and tart.


lexentry: eng/pomelo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pomelo
trans_list: поме́ло
sense:
The large fruit of the Citrus maxima (syn. C. grandis), native to South Asia and Southeast Asia, with a thick green or yellow rind, a thick white pith, and semi-sweet translucent pale flesh.


lexentry: eng/pommel_horse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pommel horse
trans_list: козёл | конь
sense:
An apparatus for gymnastic exercises with a cylindrical body covered with leather and two upright pommels, as hand grips, near the centre; held upright with adjustable legs.


lexentry: eng/pompadour__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pompadour
trans_list: банан
sense:
A women's hairstyle in which the hair is swept upwards from the face and worn high over the forehead.


lexentry: eng/pompom__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pompom
trans_list: пипидастр
sense:
A decorative ball made of pieces of soft fabric bound at the centre, most notably used in cheerleading.


lexentry: eng/pompon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pompon
trans_list: помпо́н
sense:
A bundle of yarn, string, ribbon, etc. tied in the middle and left loose at the ends, so as to form a puff or ball, as for decoration or a showy prop for cheerleading.


lexentry: eng/pondweed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pondweed
trans_list: рдест
sense:
opposite-leaved pondweed, Groenlandia densa, only plant of its genus, found chiefly in the Mediterranean region.


lexentry: eng/poniard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poniard
trans_list: кинжа́л
sense:
(now, chiefly, historical) A dagger typically having a slender square or triangular blade. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pontoon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pontoon
trans_list: понто́н | понтон
sense:
A flat-bottomed boat or other floating structure used as a buoyant support for a temporary bridge, dock or landing stage.


lexentry: eng/ponytail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ponytail
trans_list: ко́нский хвост | хво́стик | конский хвост
sense:
A hairstyle where the hair is pulled back and tied into a single "tail" which hangs down behind the head.


lexentry: eng/pood__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pood
trans_list: пуд
sense:
An obsolete Russian unit of mass, equal to 40 Russian funt, or about 16.38 kg (approximately 36.11 pounds).


lexentry: eng/poodle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poodle
trans_list: пу́дель | пудель
sense:
A breed of dog originating in Europe as hunting dogs, and having heavy, curly coat in a solid color; their shoulder height indicates their classification as standard, medium, miniature, or toy.


lexentry: eng/pool__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pool
trans_list: лу́жа
sense:
A small and rather deep area of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream or river; a reservoir for water.


lexentry: eng/pop-up__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pop-up
trans_list: эфемерный
sense:
(baseball) A pop-up ball: a ball that has been hit to a considerable height above the infield or the shallow outfield; a pop fly.


lexentry: eng/pop__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pop
trans_list: газиро́вка | лимона́д
sense:
(uncountable, regional, Midwest US, Canada, Inland North, Midlands, Northwestern US) An effervescent or fizzy drink, most frequently nonalcoholic; soda pop.


lexentry: eng/pop__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pop
trans_list: ло́паться | ло́пнуть | сова́ть | су́нуть | хло́пать | хло́пнуть
sense:
(transitive, UK, AU) To place (something) (somewhere); to move or position (something) with a short movement.


lexentry: eng/pop_art__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pop art
trans_list: поп-а́рт
sense:
(arts) A genre of art that uses elements of popular culture, often using techniques from commercial art and advertising.


lexentry: eng/pop_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pop music
trans_list: поп | поп-му́зыка | попса́ | эстра́дная му́зыка
sense:
Music intended for or accepted by a wide audience, usually with a commercial basis and distinguished from other genres such as classical music and folk music, and nowadays also from rock music.


lexentry: eng/pope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pope
trans_list: па́па | па́па ри́мский | папа римский
sense:
(Roman Catholicism, _, &, _, generally) An honorary title of the Roman Catholic bishop of Rome as father and head of his church, a sovereign of the Vatican city state.


lexentry: eng/poplit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poplit
trans_list: голяшка
sense:
The shallow depression (fossa) located at the back of the knee joint; the popliteal fossa or “knee pit”.


lexentry: eng/popliteus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popliteus
trans_list: подколе́нная мы́шца
sense:
(anatomy) A small muscle at the back of the knee that aids in bending the knee and in the rotation of the lower leg.


lexentry: eng/poppy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poppy
trans_list: мак
sense:
Any plant of the genus Papaver or the family Papaveraceae, with crumpled, often red, petals and a milky juice having narcotic properties; especially a common poppy or corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) which has orange-red flowers; the flower of such a plant.


lexentry: eng/poppy__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: poppy
trans_list: мак
sense:
(chiefly, Australia, Britain, Canada) A simple artificial poppy flower worn in a buttonhole or displayed in other contexts to remember those who died in the two World Wars and other armed conflicts, especially around Remembrance Day/Remembrance Sunday.


lexentry: eng/popsicle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popsicle
trans_list: [[фрукто́вый]] лёд | [[фруктовый|фрукто́вое]] [[моро́женое]]
sense:
(chiefly, _, US, Canada) Frozen fruit juice, flavored sugar water, or the like, on a stick, of a size to be one serving.


lexentry: eng/popular_culture__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popular culture
trans_list: ма́ссовая культу́ра | поп-культу́ра
sense:
The prevailing vernacular culture in any given society, including art, cooking, clothing/fashion, entertainment, fads, films, mass media, music, sports, and style.


lexentry: eng/popular_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popular music
trans_list: [[популярный|популя́рная]] [[му́зыка]] | поп | поп-му́зыка | попса́
sense:
(music) Any genre of music that has wide appeal amongst the general public of a society, typically distributed widely by the music industry; typically as seen in contrast to classical music and folk music.


lexentry: eng/popular_science__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popular science
trans_list: научпо́п
sense:
An interpretation of science intended for a general audience, rather than for other scientists or students.


lexentry: eng/popular_science__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: popular science
trans_list: нау́чно-популя́рный
sense:
(attributive) Of, or having to do with science, but aimed at ordinary people as opposed to scientists; intended for general consumption.


lexentry: eng/popularity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: popularity
trans_list: популя́рность | популярность
sense:
The quality or state of being popular; especially, the state of being esteemed by, or of being in favor with, the people at large


lexentry: eng/population__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: population
trans_list: населе́ние | население
sense:
A count of the number of residents within a political or geographical boundary such as a town, a nation or the world.


lexentry: eng/population__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: population
trans_list: населе́ние | популя́ция | население
sense:
(biology) A collection of organisms of a particular species, sharing a particular characteristic of interest, most often that of living in a given area.


lexentry: eng/population__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: population
trans_list: население
sense:
(statistics) A group of units (persons, objects, or other items) enumerated in a census or from which a sample is drawn.


lexentry: eng/population_density__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: population density
trans_list: пло́тность населе́ния
sense:
Average population per unit area; especially, the average number of people who live per square kilometer (or square mile) of land.


lexentry: eng/population_pyramid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: population pyramid
trans_list: возрастно-половая пирамида
sense:
(demography) A graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; it typically forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.


lexentry: eng/populism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: populism
trans_list: наро́дничество | попули́зм | популизм
sense:
(philosophy) A political doctrine or philosophy that proposes that the rights and powers of ordinary people are exploited by a privileged elite, and supports their struggle to overcome this.


lexentry: eng/porcelain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porcelain
trans_list: фарфо́р | фарфор
sense:
(usually, uncountable) A hard white translucent ceramic, originally made by firing kaolin, quartz, and feldspar at high temperatures but now also inclusive of similar artificial materials; also often (figurative) such a material as a symbol of the fragility, elegance, etc. traditionally associated with porcelain goods.


lexentry: eng/porcelain__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: porcelain
trans_list: фарфо́р | фарфор
sense:
(countable, now, _, usually, in the plural) An object made of porcelain, (particularly) art objects or items of tableware.


lexentry: eng/porch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porch
trans_list: [[крытый|кры́тая]] [[галере́я]] | вера́нда | крыльцо́ | по́ртик
sense:
(architectural element) A covered entrance to a building, whether taken from the interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the main wall, or projecting without and with a separate roof. A porch often has chair(s), table(s) and swings.


lexentry: eng/porcupine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porcupine
trans_list: дикобра́з | дикобраз
sense:
Any of several rodents of either of the taxonomic families Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) or Erethizontidae (New World porcupines), both from the infraorder Hystricognathi, noted for their sharp spines or quills, which are raised when the animal is attacked or surprised.


lexentry: eng/pore__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pore
trans_list: по́ра
sense:
By extension any small opening or interstice, especially one of many, or one allowing the passage of a fluid.


lexentry: eng/pork_barrel__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pork barrel
trans_list: казённый пирог
sense:
(chiefly, US politics, often, attributively) State funds as assigned for local or regional expenditure; especially, central money used for regional projects which are eyecatching or designed to appeal to voters. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pornocracy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pornocracy
trans_list: порнократия
sense:
(Roman Catholicism, historical, sometimes, capitalized) The period of the papacy known as the saeculum obscūrum (Latin for “dark age”), and also as the “Rule of the Harlots”, which began with the installation of Pope Sergius III in 904 and lasted for sixty years until the death of Pope John XII in 964, during which time the popes were strongly influenced by the Theophylacti, a powerful and corrupt aristocratic family. [from mid-19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pornography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pornography
trans_list: порногра́фия | порну́ха | порнография
sense:
The explicit literary or visual depiction of sexual subject matter; any display of material of an erotic nature. [from mid-19th c.]


lexentry: eng/porosity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: porosity
trans_list: по́ристость
sense:
(countable) A measure of how porous a material is; the ratio of the volume of pores to the total volume


lexentry: eng/porphyria__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porphyria
trans_list: порфири́я
sense:
(pathology) Any of several usually hereditary abnormalities of porphyrin metabolism characterized by excretion of excess porphyrins in the urine.


lexentry: eng/porphyrogenite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porphyrogenite
trans_list: багряноро́дный
sense:
(historical) An honorific title given to a son of a reigning emperor in the Byzantine Empire, notably borne by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus.


lexentry: eng/porridge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: porridge
trans_list: ка́ша | овся́нка
sense:
A dish made of grain or legumes, milk or water, heated and stirred until thick and typically eaten for breakfast.


lexentry: eng/port__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: port
trans_list: порт | [[ле́вый]] борт
sense:
(nautical, aviation, uncountable) The left-hand side of a vessel, including aircraft, when one is facing the front. Used to unambiguously refer to directions relative to the vessel structure, rather than to a person or object on board.


lexentry: eng/port__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: port
trans_list: порт | га́вань | [[ле́вый]] борт
sense:
An opening or doorway in the side of a ship, especially for boarding or loading; an embrasure through which a cannon may be discharged; a porthole.


lexentry: eng/port__Noun__2
sense_num: 06
written_rep: port
trans_list: порт
sense:
A logical or physical construct in and from which data are transferred. Computer port on Wikipedia.Wikipedia


lexentry: eng/port__Verb__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: port
trans_list: порт | га́вань | [[ле́вый]] борт
sense:
(military) To hold or carry (a weapon) with both hands so that it lays diagonally across the front of the body, with the barrel or similar part near the left shoulder and the right hand grasping the small of the stock; or, to throw (the weapon) into this position on command.


lexentry: eng/port__Verb__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: port
trans_list: порт
sense:
(computing, video games) To adapt, modify, or create a new version of, a program so that it works on a different platform.


lexentry: eng/port_city__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: port city
trans_list: [[порто́вый]] [[го́род]] | порт
sense:
A city built around a port, for its defence, to provide infrastructural support, or as parasitic urban sprawl.


lexentry: eng/portable_toilet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portable toilet
trans_list: каби́нка | передвижно́й | туале́т | туале́тная
sense:
A movable toilet, particularly a portable outhouse used where other lavatories are unavailable (as at a construction site) or insufficient (as at special events).


lexentry: eng/portal_vein__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portal vein
trans_list: воротная вена
sense:
(anatomy) A short, wide vein located in the abdominal cavity formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins that channels blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to capillary beds in the liver.


lexentry: eng/porte_cochère__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: porte cochère
trans_list: въездная а́рка
sense:
A porch, or roof without walls over a driveway, next to the entrance of a building which a vehicle can stop in or under to allow passengers to embark or disembark without being affected by bad weather.


lexentry: eng/porter__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: porter
trans_list: по́ртер
sense:
(countable, uncountable, beer) A strong, dark ale, originally favored by porters (etymology 1, sense 1), similar to a stout but less strong.


lexentry: eng/portmanteau_word__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: portmanteau word
trans_list: контамина́ция | сло́во-бума́жник | словослия́ние | словостяже́ние
sense:
(linguistics) A word which combines the meaning of two words (or, rarely, more than two words), formed by combining the words, usually, but not always, by adjoining the first part of one word and the last part of the other, the adjoining parts often having a common vowel.


lexentry: eng/portrait__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: portrait
trans_list: [[портретный|портре́тная]] [[ориента́ция]]
sense:
(computing, printing) A print orientation where the vertical sides are longer than the horizontal sides.


lexentry: eng/poser__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: poser
trans_list: клей
sense:
Someone who, or something which, poses; a person who sets their body in a fixed position, such as for photography or painting.


lexentry: eng/poseur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poseur
trans_list: позёр | позёрка
sense:
One who affects some behaviour, style, attitude or other condition, often to impress or influence others.


lexentry: eng/position_paper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: position paper
trans_list: программа
sense:
(philosophy, government) An essay or report which expresses a position, conclusion, or recommendation concerning a contested issue or undecided question and which usually contains arguments or reasons in support of this position.


lexentry: eng/positive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: positive
trans_list: позити́вный | положи́тельный
sense:
(grammar) Describing the primary sense of an adjective, adverb or noun; not comparative, superlative, augmentative nor diminutive.


lexentry: eng/positive__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: positive
trans_list: позити́в
sense:
(photography) A positive image; one that displays true colors and shades, not their opposites or complements.


lexentry: eng/positive_degree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: positive degree
trans_list: положи́тельная сте́пень
sense:
(grammar) That state of an adjective or adverb indicating simple quality, without comparison or relation to increase or diminution; as in wise, noble.


lexentry: eng/positive_feedback__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: positive feedback
trans_list: положи́тельная обра́тная связь
sense:
(physics) A feedback loop in which the output of a system is amplified with a net positive gain and added to the input signal before the main amplifier.


lexentry: eng/positive_reinforcement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: positive reinforcement
trans_list: положи́тельное подкре́пление
sense:
The giving of encouragement to a person who exhibits a particular behaviour with the result that such behaviour is repeated.


lexentry: eng/positivism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: positivism
trans_list: позитиви́зм | позитивизм
sense:
(philosophy) A doctrine that states that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, and that such knowledge can only come from positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific method, refusing every form of metaphysics.


lexentry: eng/positronium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: positronium
trans_list: позитроний
sense:
(physics, chemistry) An exotic atom (specifically, an onium) consisting of a positron (anti-electron) and an electron, as a particle–anti-particle bound pair with no nucleus.


lexentry: eng/posology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: posology
trans_list: дозиология | позология
sense:
(countable, uncountable, pharmacy, pharmacology) The study of the dosages of drugs, especially the determination of appropriate dosages. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/posse__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: posse
trans_list: вооружённый [[отря́д]]
sense:
(colloquial) A group of (especially young) people seen as constituting a peer group or band of associates; a gang, a group of friends. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/possessee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: possessee
trans_list: дополнение
sense:
(grammar) Verb complement in some languages or some constructions of a given language; the noun which is possessed.


lexentry: eng/possessional_adjective__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: possessional adjective
trans_list: качественное прилагательное
sense:
(grammar) An adjective indicating that a noun is in possession of, or has the quality of, some other noun; usually formed in English by the affixation of the suffix -ed, -ful, -y, -ous, -able, -ual, -ish, -ar or -esque, or the suffixoid -like, to the noun being possessed.


lexentry: eng/possessive_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: possessive case
trans_list: притяжа́тельный паде́ж
sense:
(grammar) case used to express direct possession, ownership, origin, etc. Though similar in many ways to the genitive case, it is not always the same. Languages that have the possessive case include English and Quenya.


lexentry: eng/possessive_suffix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: possessive suffix
trans_list: притяжательный аффикс
sense:
(linguistics) A suffix that indicates possession, occurs in some Uralic, Turkic, Semitic and Indo-European languages.


lexentry: eng/possibles_bag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: possibles bag
trans_list: ягдта́ш
sense:
A hunter's day-bag of highly varying designs and materials, but usually a kind of a satchel intended for carrying whatever small gear is necessary for the day's hunt.


lexentry: eng/possibly__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: possibly
trans_list: возможно
sense:
(modifying a verb) In the realm of possibility; indicates that the action may successfully be performed (is not impossible) regardless of any facts or circumstances known to, stated by or implied by the speaker that might limit the performance.


lexentry: eng/possum__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: possum
trans_list: по́ссум
sense:
Any of the marsupials in several families of the order Diprotodontia of Australia and neighboring islands.


lexentry: eng/post-it_note__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A small piece of paper with an adhesive strip on one side.
written_rep: post-it note
trans_list:
[[клейкий|кле́йкая]] [[бума́га]] для [[заметка|заме́ток]] | заме́тка | запи́ска | по́ст-ит | сти́кер


lexentry: eng/post-production__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-production
trans_list: [[заверша́ющий]] [[эта́п]] [[создание|созда́ния]]
sense:
(cinematography, television) The stages of film (or audio) production happening between the actual filming (or recording) and the completed product.


lexentry: eng/post-traumatic_stress_disorder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-traumatic stress disorder
trans_list: посттравмати́ческое стре́ссовое расстро́йство
sense:
(psychology) A psychological condition that develops following some stressful situation or event, with symptoms such as sleep disturbance, recurrent dreams, flashbacks, hypervigilance, depression, dissociation, withdrawal or lack of concentration.


lexentry: eng/post-truth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-truth
trans_list: постпра́вда
sense:
The fact or state of being post-truth; a time period or situation in which facts have become less important than emotional persuasion.


lexentry: eng/post-war__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post-war
trans_list: послевое́нный
sense:
Pertaining to a period of time immediately following the end of a war; where there is a cessation of conflict.


lexentry: eng/post__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post
trans_list: по́чта
sense:
(obsolete) Each of a series of men stationed at specific places along a postroad, with responsibility for relaying letters and dispatches of the monarch (and later others) along the route. [16th–17th c.]


lexentry: eng/post__Noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: post
trans_list: по́чта
sense:
(dated) A station, or one of a series of stations, established for the refreshment and accommodation of travellers on some recognized route.


lexentry: eng/post__Noun__2
sense_num: 06
written_rep: post
trans_list: по́чта
sense:
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) A single delivery of letters; the letters or deliveries that make up a single batch delivered to one person or one address. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/post__Verb__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: post
trans_list: посла́ть | посыла́ть
sense:
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) To send (an item of mail etc.) through the postal service. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/post_chaise__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post chaise
trans_list: почтовая карета
sense:
(historical) An enclosed horse-drawn carriage with four wheels, used to transport mail and passengers.


lexentry: eng/post_office__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post office
trans_list: почта́мт | главпочта́мт | по́чта | почто́вое отделе́ние
sense:
(countable) A place (building, office, shop, or counter) concerned with the business of delivering letters, post or mail and selling stamps, etc.


lexentry: eng/post_office_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: post office box
trans_list: абоне́нтский я́щик
sense:
A uniquely addressable lockable box located on the premises of a post office that may be hired as collection point for mail.


lexentry: eng/postage_stamp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postage stamp
trans_list: ма́рка | почто́вая ма́рка
sense:
A small piece of printed paper stuck on an item to be mailed, indicating that postage has been paid.


lexentry: eng/postal_address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postal address
trans_list: почтовый адрес
sense:
The address (of a person or business) to which mail is delivered, as distinct from the actual street address.


lexentry: eng/postcard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postcard
trans_list: откры́тка | почто́вая откры́тка
sense:
(post) A rectangular piece of thick paper or thin cardboard intended to be written on and mailed without an envelope. In the case of a picture postcard, one side displays a picture or photograph.


lexentry: eng/postcode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postcode
trans_list: почто́вый и́ндекс
sense:
(UK, Irish, Commonwealth) A sequence of letters and numbers added to a postal address to aid the sorting and delivery of post or mail.


lexentry: eng/posterior__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: posterior
trans_list: за́дний | ты́льный | хвостово́й
sense:
(anatomy) Nearer the rear or hind end; nearer the caudal end of the body in quadrupeds or the dorsal end in bipeds.


lexentry: eng/posterior_chamber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: posterior chamber
trans_list: задняя ка́мера
sense:
(anatomy, ophthalmology) A narrow space inside the eye between the iris and the lens, filled with aqueous humour.


lexentry: eng/posthistory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: posthistory
trans_list: постисто́рия
sense:
The history of events that occur after (and are consequences of) an event (e.g. a crisis, a reconciliation, etc).


lexentry: eng/posthumous_name__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: posthumous name
trans_list: посмертный титул
sense:
One of the honorary titles given to royalty, nobles, and sometimes others in East Asia (China, Korea, Vietnam, and Japan) after the person's death.


lexentry: eng/postindustrial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postindustrial
trans_list: постиндустриа́льный
sense:
Describing the economy of a nation in which manufacturing industry becomes less important and the service and information industries become more important.


lexentry: eng/postmark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postmark
trans_list: [[почто́вый]] [[ште́мпель]]
sense:
A marking made by a postal service on a delivery, usually indicating the place where and the date and time when the item was received or processed for the first time, mostly serving to cancel a postage stamp.


lexentry: eng/postmodernism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postmodernism
trans_list: постмодерни́зм | постмодернизм
sense:
Any style in art, architecture, literature, philosophy, etc., that reacts against an earlier modernist movement.


lexentry: eng/postsynaptic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postsynaptic
trans_list: постсинаптический
sense:
(cytology) In a synapse, of or pertaining to the neuron that bears receptors for neurotransmitter released into the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic neuron.


lexentry: eng/postulate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: postulate
trans_list: постула́т
sense:
Something assumed without proof as being self-evident or generally accepted, especially when used as a basis for an argument. Sometimes distinguished from axioms as being relevant to a particular science or context, rather than universally true, and following from other axioms rather than being an absolute assumption.


lexentry: eng/pot_boiler__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pot boiler
trans_list: халту́ра
sense:
(figurative, mildly, derogatory) A creative work of low quality (book, art, etc), produced merely to earn a living or for profit, as opposed to serious creative expression.


lexentry: eng/pot_calling_the_kettle_black__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pot calling the kettle black
sense:
(idiomatic) A situation in which somebody comments on or accuses someone else of a fault which the accuser shares.

trans_list:
в чужо́м глазу́ сори́нку заметно, в своём — бревна́ не вида́ть | чья́ бы коро́ва мыча́ла, а твоя́ б молча́ла


lexentry: eng/potash__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potash
trans_list: пота́ш | поташ
sense:
The water-soluble part of the ash formed by burning plant material; used for making soap and glass and as a fertilizer.


lexentry: eng/potassium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium
trans_list: ка́лий | калий
sense:
A soft, waxy, silvery reactive metal that is never found unbound in nature; an element (symbol K) with an atomic number of 19 and atomic weight of 39.0983. The symbol is derived from the Latin kalium.


lexentry: eng/potassium_carbonate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium carbonate
trans_list: поташ
sense:
(inorganic compound) The alkaline salt K2CO3, that is the major constituent of potash; it is used in the production of glass and some soaps.


lexentry: eng/potassium_chloride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium chloride
trans_list: хлорид калия
sense:
(inorganic compound) The potassium salt of hydrochloric acid, KCl; it is used as a fertilizer, and in lethal injections


lexentry: eng/potassium_cyanide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium cyanide
trans_list: циа́нистый ка́лий
sense:
(inorganic compound) The potassium salt of hydrocyanic acid, KCN; the colourless crystals are soluble in water, and it is extremely poisonous, and is used in electroplating, the extraction of gold and silver from their ores, and in photography.


lexentry: eng/potassium_dichromate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium dichromate
trans_list: дихромат калия
sense:
(inorganic compound) A potassium salt of chromic acid, K2Cr2O7; the orange crystals are soluble in water, and it is used as an oxidizing agent and in photography.


lexentry: eng/potassium_hydroxide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium hydroxide
trans_list: гидроксид калия
sense:
(inorganic compound) The alkaline base KOH, once known as caustic potash; it has a number of industrial uses, including the manufacture of bleach.


lexentry: eng/potassium_nitrate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium nitrate
trans_list: сели́тра
sense:
(inorganic chemistry) KNO3, a naturally occurring salt, notably used as an ingredient of gunpowder; also used a food preservative and as an ingredient in toothpaste for sensitive gums; historically used in the production of nitric acid (HNO3).


lexentry: eng/potassium_permanganate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potassium permanganate
trans_list: перманганат калия
sense:
(chemistry) KMnO4, the most readily available commercial permanganate; it is used as an oxidizing agent both in industry and in the analytical laboratory.


lexentry: eng/potato__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potato
trans_list: карто́фель | карто́фелина | карто́ха | карто́шка | картофель
sense:
The tuber of a plant, Solanum tuberosum, eaten as a starchy vegetable, particularly in the Americas and Europe; this plant.


lexentry: eng/potato__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: potato
trans_list: картофель
sense:
(humorous, slang, computing) An underpowered computer or other device, especially when small in size.


lexentry: eng/potato_chip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potato chip
trans_list: [[хрустя́щий]] [[карто́фель]]
sense:
(UK, Irish) One of a batch of pieces of potato cut into elongated cubes and fried; a chip or chipped potato, usually larger than American french fries.


lexentry: eng/potato_crisp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potato crisp
trans_list: [[карто́фельный]] чипс | чипс
sense:
(mostly, British) A thin slice of potato that has been fried, typically packaged and sold as a snack.


lexentry: eng/potato_skins__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potato skins
trans_list: картофельные очистки
sense:
A snack food or appetizer made of slices of half-spherical pieces of potatoes with the skin left on one side and a quarter-inch or so of the inside of the potato on the other, covered with various toppings.


lexentry: eng/potato_starch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potato starch
trans_list: картофельный крахмал
sense:
(gastronomy) A widely diffused vegetable substance found in the extracted material of potatoes used in cooking.


lexentry: eng/poteen__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: poteen
trans_list: потин
sense:
(Ireland, countable, by extension) An unlicensed drinking establishment selling illegally produced Irish whiskey.


lexentry: eng/potential__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: potential
trans_list: потенциа́л
sense:
(physics) The work (energy) required to move a reference particle from a reference location to a specified location in the presence of a force field, for example to bring a unit positive electric charge from an infinite distance to a specified point against an electric field.


lexentry: eng/potential_energy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potential energy
trans_list: потенциа́льная эне́ргия
sense:
The energy possessed by an object because of its position (in a gravitational or electric field), or its condition (as a stretched or compressed spring, as a chemical reactant, or by having rest mass).


lexentry: eng/potentiometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potentiometer
trans_list: потенциометр
sense:
(electronics) A user-adjustable three-terminal variable resistor that can be used as a voltage divider.


lexentry: eng/pothole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pothole
trans_list: вы́боина | ры́твина | уха́б | я́ма
sense:
A shallow pit or other edged depression in a road's surface, especially when caused by erosion by weather or traffic.


lexentry: eng/potlatch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potlatch
trans_list: по́тлач
sense:
(Canada, US, also, figuratively) A ceremony amongst certain indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest in which gifts are bestowed upon guests and personal property is destroyed in a show of generosity and wealth.


lexentry: eng/potty_mouth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: potty mouth
trans_list: гря́зный рот
sense:
(idiomatic, euphemistic) The characteristic of regularly using vulgar language, especially strong profanities.


lexentry: eng/poult__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poult
trans_list: мальчик
sense:
A young bird, a chick; now especially, a young game bird (turkey, partridge, grouse etc.). [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/poultice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: poultice
trans_list: припа́рка
sense:
A soft, moist mass, usually wrapped in cloth and warmed, that is applied topically to a sore, aching or lesioned part of the body to soothe it.


lexentry: eng/pounce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pounce
trans_list: порох
sense:
(historical) A type of fine powder, as of sandarac, or cuttlefish bone, sprinkled over wet ink to dry the ink after writing or on rough paper to smooth the writing surface.


lexentry: eng/pound__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pound
trans_list: фунт
sense:
A unit of mass equal to 16 avoirdupois ounces (= 453.592 g). Today this value is the most common meaning of "pound" as a unit of weight.


lexentry: eng/pound_cake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pound cake
trans_list: фу́нтовый кекс
sense:
(US) A dense yellow cake, the traditional recipe for which consists of equal quantities (nominally one pound) of butter, eggs, flour, and sugar.


lexentry: eng/pour__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pour
trans_list: лить | изли́ть | излива́ть | ли́ться | нали́ть | налива́ть
sense:
(transitive, figurative) To send out as in a stream or a flood; to cause (an emotion) to come out; to cause to escape.


lexentry: eng/powder__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: powder
trans_list: порошо́к | прах | присы́пка | пу́дра
sense:
The fine particles which are the result of reducing a dry substance by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or the result of decay; dust.


lexentry: eng/powder__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: powder
trans_list: порошо́к | прах | присы́пка | пу́дра
sense:
(cosmetics) A mixture of fine dry, sweet-smelling particles applied to the face or other body parts, to reduce shine or to alleviate chaffing.


lexentry: eng/powdered_sugar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: powdered sugar
trans_list: са́харная пу́дра
sense:
(US) Very finely ground sugar to which cornstarch is added to prevent lumping, mostly used in icings and confections to produce a smooth texture.


lexentry: eng/power__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: power
trans_list: власть
sense:
(metonymically, chiefly, in the plural) The people in charge of legal or political power, the government.


lexentry: eng/power__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: power
trans_list: мо́щность | мощность
sense:
(physics, mechanics) A measure of the effectiveness that a force producing a physical effect has over time. If linear, the quotient of: (force multiplied by the displacement of or in an object) ÷ time. If rotational, the quotient of: (force multiplied by the angle of displacement) ÷ time.


lexentry: eng/power__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: power
trans_list: мощность
sense:
(statistics) The probability that a statistical test will reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.


lexentry: eng/power__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: power
trans_list: сте́пень | мощность
sense:
A product of equal factors (and generalizations of this notion): x^n, read as "x to the power of n" or the like, is called a power and denotes the product x \times x \times \cdots \times x, where x appears n times in the product; x is called the base and n the exponent.


lexentry: eng/power_behind_the_throne__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power behind the throne
trans_list: се́рый кардина́л
sense:
(idiomatic) Someone who appears to be without special status, but who has great covert influence on a person in authority.


lexentry: eng/power_broker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power broker
trans_list: влия́тельная фигу́ра | се́рый кардина́л
sense:
A person or group having the ability to influence important decisions, especially in public policy, politics, and business.


lexentry: eng/power_car__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power car
trans_list: локомотив
sense:
A vehicle that propels, and commonly also controls, a passenger train or tram, often as the lead vehicle.


lexentry: eng/power_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power law
trans_list: степенная зави́симость | степенная фу́нкция | степенной зако́н
sense:
(mathematics) A mathematical relationship in which the magnitude of something is proportional to a fixed power of the magnitude of something else (i.e. the relationship takes the form f(x) = ax^k). [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/power_line__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power line
trans_list: ли́ния высо́кого напряже́ния | ли́ния электропереда́чи
sense:
An electrical wire, cable or conduit, suspended in air by utility poles or transmission towers, or buried underground, used for the carrying of electricity either from a power source such as a generating station to a substation, or from a substation to a building such as a plant, commercial building or a home.


lexentry: eng/power_play__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: power play
trans_list: большинство́
sense:
(ice hockey) A situation where a team has a numerical advantage on the ice due to one or more penalties given to the opposing team.


lexentry: eng/power_set__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power set
trans_list: булеан
sense:
(set theory, of a set S) The set whose elements comprise all the subsets of S (including the empty set and S itself).


lexentry: eng/power_steering__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power steering
trans_list: усили́тель руля́
sense:
(automotive) A system for reducing the driver's effort to steer, by using a power source to assist in turning the wheels.


lexentry: eng/power_strip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power strip
trans_list: [[разветви́тель]] [[питание|пита́ния]] | удлини́тель
sense:
A block of electrical sockets that attaches to the end of a flexible cable and allows multiple electrical devices to be plugged in.


lexentry: eng/power_supply__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: power supply
trans_list: блок пита́ния | исто́чник электропита́ния
sense:
That part of a piece of electronic apparatus that provides appropriate voltages for the rest of the electronics from the connected AC source.


lexentry: eng/power_tool__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: power tool
trans_list: электроинструме́нт | электроприбо́р
sense:
Any of a wide class of tools powered by a motor (usually an electric motor); most especially such tools as are handheld, portable, and not stationary.


lexentry: eng/powers_that_be__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: powers that be
trans_list: власти предержащие | власть имущие | сильные мира сего
sense:
(idiomatic) The holders of power or the authorities in a given situation, especially if seen as being faceless or unreasonably bureaucratic.


lexentry: eng/practice__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: practice
trans_list: пра́ктика | практика
sense:
(uncountable, especially, medicine, arts) The ongoing pursuit of a craft or profession, particularly in medicine or the fine arts.


lexentry: eng/practice_makes_perfect__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: If one practices an activity enough, one will eventually master it.
written_rep: practice makes perfect
trans_list:
де́ло де́лу у́чит | на́вык ма́стера ста́вит | повторе́ние мать уче́ния | у кого́ сноро́вка, тот рабо́тает ло́вко


lexentry: eng/practicum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: practicum
trans_list: лаборато́рные заня́тия | практи́ческие заня́тия | практикум
sense:
(US) A college course designed to give a student supervised practical knowledge of a subject previously studied theoretically.


lexentry: eng/praedial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: praedial
trans_list: аграрный
sense:
Attached to the land (of slavery etc.); having to work on the land or an estate; deriving from the land.


lexentry: eng/pragmatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pragmatic
trans_list: прагматический | прагматичный | практический | практичный | утилитарный
sense:
Practical, concerned with making decisions and actions that are useful in practice, not just theory.


lexentry: eng/pragmatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pragmatism
trans_list: прагмати́зм | прагматизм
sense:
The pursuit of practicality over aesthetic qualities; a concentration on facts rather than emotions or ideals.


lexentry: eng/pragmatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pragmatism
trans_list: прагмати́зм | прагматизм
sense:
(philosophy) The idea that beliefs are identified with the actions of a believer, and the truth of beliefs with success of those actions in securing a believer's goals; the doctrine that ideas must be looked at in terms of their practical effects and consequences.


lexentry: eng/pragmatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pragmatism
trans_list: прагмати́зм
sense:
(politics) The theory that political problems should be met with practical solutions rather than ideological ones.


lexentry: eng/prairie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prairie
trans_list: пре́рия | прерия
sense:
An extensive area of relatively flat grassland with few, if any, trees, especially in North America.


lexentry: eng/prairie_dog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prairie dog
trans_list: лугова́я соба́чка
sense:
Any of genus Cynomys, small, stout-bodied burrowing rodents with shallow cheek pouches, native to North America and Central America.


lexentry: eng/praise_to_the_skies__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (transitive, idiomatic) To praise or laud (someone or something) excessively.
written_rep: praise to the skies
trans_list:
вознести́ до небе́с | возноси́ть до небе́с | превознести́ до небе́с | превозноси́ть до небе́с | расхваливать на все лады


lexentry: eng/pram__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pram
trans_list: плоскодо́нка
sense:
(nautical, historical) A flat-bottomed barge used on shallow shores to convey cargo to and from ships that cannot enter the harbour.


lexentry: eng/praporshchik__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: praporshchik
trans_list: пра́порщик
sense:
A senior non-commissioned officer, originally in the Russian military, and still in certain other uniformed services of the Russian government.


lexentry: eng/praseodymium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: praseodymium
trans_list: празеоди́м | празеодим
sense:
A chemical element (symbol Pr) with an atomic number of 59, a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties.


lexentry: eng/pray__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pray
trans_list: моли́ться | помоли́ться | молиться
sense:
(religion) To direct words, thoughts, or one's attention to a deity or any higher being, for the sake of adoration, thanks, petition for help, etc.


lexentry: eng/prayer_flag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prayer flag
trans_list: моли́твенный флаг
sense:
A colourful rectangular cloth hung from a thread and strung along mountain ridges and peaks high in the Himalayas by practitioners of Tibetan Buddhism to bless the surrounding countryside or for other purposes.


lexentry: eng/prayer_wheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prayer wheel
trans_list: моли́твенное колесо́
sense:
(Buddhism) A rotating cylinder either inscribed with or containing prayers, mainly used by Tibetan Buddhists.


lexentry: eng/praying_mantis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: praying mantis
trans_list: богомо́л
sense:
Any of various predatory, cannibalistic insects of the order Mantodea that have a prayer-like stance.


lexentry: eng/pre-dreadnought__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pre-dreadnought
trans_list: додредно́ут
sense:
(nautical, military, historical) A late 19th-century or early 20th-century battleship with a small number of big guns (typically no more than four) and a large number of quick-firing medium-caliber guns. It was made largely obsolete in 1906 by the dreadnought type of battleship.


lexentry: eng/preacher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preacher
trans_list: пропове́дник | проповедник
sense:
Someone who preaches a worldview, philosophy, or religion, especially someone who preaches the gospel and especially a clergyman or clergywoman.


lexentry: eng/preamble__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preamble
trans_list: преа́мбула | преамбула
sense:
A short preliminary statement or remark, especially an explanatory introduction to a formal document or statute.


lexentry: eng/preamplifier__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preamplifier
trans_list: предусили́тель
sense:
A voltage amplifier for amplifying a low-level input signal; its output is the input to a higher-level amplifier.


lexentry: eng/precariat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: precariat
trans_list: прекариа́т
sense:
(sociology, collective) People suffering from precarity, especially as a social class; people living a precarious existence, without security or predictability, especially job security.


lexentry: eng/precedent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: precedent
trans_list: прецеде́нт
sense:
An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future.


lexentry: eng/precedent__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: precedent
trans_list: прецеде́нт
sense:
(legal) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case.


lexentry: eng/precession__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: precession
trans_list: преце́ссия
sense:
(physics, countable) The wobbling motion of the axis of a spinning body when there is an external force acting on the axis.


lexentry: eng/precinct__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: precinct
trans_list: о́круг | райо́н
sense:
(US, law enforcement) A subdivision of a city under the jurisdiction of a specific group of police; the police station situated in that district.


lexentry: eng/precious_metal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: precious metal
trans_list: драгоце́нный мета́лл
sense:
A rare metallic chemical element of high economic value, such as gold, platinum, palladium, or rhodium.


lexentry: eng/precious_stone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: precious stone
trans_list: драгоце́нный ка́мень
sense:
Any gem, such as a diamond or ruby, that is expensive because of its rarity or desirability; especially one set into a piece of jewelry.


lexentry: eng/precipitation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: precipitation
trans_list: оса́дки | осадки
sense:
(meteorology) Any or all of the forms of water particles, whether liquid or solid, that fall from the upper atmosphere (e.g., rain, hail, snow or sleet). It is a major class of hydrometeor, but it is distinguished from cloud, fog, dew, rime, frost, etc., in that it must fall. It is distinguished from cloud and virga in that it must reach the ground.


lexentry: eng/precipitation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: precipitation
trans_list: выпаде́ние в оса́док | оса́док | осажде́ние
sense:
(countable, uncountable, chemistry) A reaction that leads to the formation of a heavier solid in a lighter liquid; the precipitate so formed at the bottom of the container.


lexentry: eng/precognition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: precognition
trans_list: предви́дение
sense:
(parapsychology) Knowledge of the future; understanding of something in advance, especially as a form of supernatural or extrasensory perception. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/preconception__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preconception
trans_list: предвзя́тость | предубежде́ние
sense:
An opinion formed before obtaining adequate evidence, especially as the result of bias or prejudice.


lexentry: eng/precondition__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: precondition
trans_list: предпосы́лка | предвари́тельное усло́вие
sense:
A medical illness, ailment, or adverse condition that exists before an insurance policy takes effect.


lexentry: eng/precursor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: precursor
trans_list: предше́ственник | реакти́в
sense:
(chemistry) One of the compounds that participates in the chemical reaction that produces another compound.


lexentry: eng/predator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predator
trans_list: хи́щник | хищник
sense:
Any animal or other organism that hunts and kills other non-plant organisms (their prey), primarily for food.


lexentry: eng/predecessor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predecessor
trans_list: предше́ственник | предше́ственница
sense:
One who precedes; one who has preceded another in any state, position, office, etc.; one whom another follows or comes after, in any office or position.


lexentry: eng/predecessor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: predecessor
trans_list: предше́ственник | предше́ственница
sense:
A model or type of machinery or device which precedes the current (or later) one. Usually used to describe an earlier, outdated model.


lexentry: eng/predicate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predicate
trans_list: предика́т | сказу́емое
sense:
(grammar) The part of the sentence (or clause) which states a property that a subject has or is characterized by.


lexentry: eng/predicate__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: predicate
trans_list: предика́т | предикат
sense:
(logic) A term of a statement, where the statement may be true or false depending on whether the thing referred to by the values of the statement's variables has the property signified by that (predicative) term.


lexentry: eng/predicative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predicative
trans_list: предикати́вный
sense:
(grammar, of an adjectival or nominal phrase) Modifying a noun while in a predicate phrase, which predicate phrase is other than the noun phrase and occurs after a verb, as a predicate; contrasted with attributive.


lexentry: eng/predicative__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predicative
trans_list: именна́я часть составно́го сказу́емого | предикати́в
sense:
(grammar) An element of the predicate of a sentence which complements the subject or object by means of the verb. Predicatives may be nominal or adjectival.


lexentry: eng/predicative__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: predicative
trans_list: катего́рия состоя́ния | предикати́в
sense:
(grammar) In some languages, a special part of speech used as a predicate and denoting a state of being.


lexentry: eng/predicative_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predicative case
trans_list: предикатив
sense:
(grammar) A term that may sometimes be used to describe the case marking a predicative nominative (a noun that renames the subject often following a linking verb), or for the adjective that agrees with it (predicative adjective).


lexentry: eng/predict__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predict
trans_list: предска́зывать | предре́чь | предрека́ть | предсказа́ть
sense:
(transitive) To make a prediction: to forecast, foretell, or estimate a future event on the basis of knowledge and reasoning; to prophesy a future event on the basis of mystical knowledge or power.


lexentry: eng/predisposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: predisposition
trans_list: предрасполо́женность | скло́нность
sense:
The state of being predisposed or susceptible to something, especially to a behavior or a health condition.


lexentry: eng/preeminent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preeminent
trans_list: выдаю́щийся
sense:
Exceeding others in quality or rank; of outstanding excellence, extremely notable or important. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/preen__Verb__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: preen
trans_list: прихора́шиваться | прихороши́ться
sense:
(of people, intransitive, reflexive) To spend time making oneself attractive and admiring one's appearance, e.g. in front of a mirror.


lexentry: eng/preface__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preface
trans_list: введе́ние | вступле́ние | предисло́вие | проло́г
sense:
A beginning or introductory portion that comes before the main text of a document or book, typically serving to contextualize or explain the writing of the book and sometimes to acknowledge others' contributions.


lexentry: eng/prefect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prefect
trans_list: префе́кт
sense:
(historical) An official of Ancient Rome who controlled or superintended a particular command, charge, department, etc.


lexentry: eng/prefecture__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prefecture
trans_list: префекту́ра | префектура
sense:
The jurisdiction of a prefect; the region administered by a prefect, especially as a translation of certain French, Chinese, and Japanese administrative divisions.


lexentry: eng/prefer__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prefer
trans_list: предпочита́ть | предпоче́сть
sense:
(transitive) To be in the habit of choosing something rather than something else; to favor; to like better. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/prefix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prefix
trans_list: приста́вка | пре́фикс | приставка
sense:
(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning, for example as, pre- in prefix, con- in conjure, re- in reheat, etc.


lexentry: eng/pregabalin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pregabalin
trans_list: нрегабалин
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) An anticonvulsant drug used for neuropathic pain and as an adjunct therapy for seizures.


lexentry: eng/pregnancy_test__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pregnancy test
trans_list: тест на бере́менность | тест на беременность
sense:
a piece of test equipment that determines whether a woman, or by extension, a female animal is pregnant


lexentry: eng/pregnant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pregnant
trans_list: содержа́тельный | чрева́тый
sense:
(comparable) Meaningful, having numerous possibilities or implications; full of promise; abounding in ability, resources, etc.


lexentry: eng/prehensile__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prehensile
trans_list: це́пкий
sense:
(zoology) Able to take hold of and clasp objects; adapted for grasping especially by wrapping around an object.


lexentry: eng/prehung__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prehung
trans_list: готовый
sense:
(of a door or window) Delivered to the customer as installation-ready unit, already attached to its frame.


lexentry: eng/preindustrial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preindustrial
trans_list: доиндустриа́льный
sense:
Of or relating to the period before the Industrial Revolution and the global industrialisation that followed.


lexentry: eng/prejudice__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prejudice
trans_list: предрассудок
sense:
(countable) An irrational hostile attitude, fear or hatred towards a particular group, race or religion.


lexentry: eng/prelapsarian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prelapsarian
trans_list: безгреховный | догреховный
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity) Of, or relating to the period of innocence before the Fall of man; innocent, unspoiled.


lexentry: eng/prelate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prelate
trans_list: прела́т | прелат
sense:
A clergyman of high rank and authority, having jurisdiction over an area or a group of people; normally a bishop.


lexentry: eng/prelude__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prelude
trans_list: прелю́дия | прелюдия
sense:
(music) A short, free-form piece of music, originally one serving as an introduction to a longer and more complex piece; later, starting with the Romantic period, generally a stand-alone piece. [from 1650s]


lexentry: eng/premature_ejaculation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: premature ejaculation
trans_list: преждевре́менная эякуля́ция
sense:
A medical condition where a man, when initiating sexual intercourse, will experience an orgasm and expel semen after a time period far below the average, generally defined as one minute or less.


lexentry: eng/premenstrual__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: premenstrual
trans_list: предменструа́льный
sense:
Occurring in the time period during the menstrual cycle leading up to the beginning of menstruation.


lexentry: eng/premenstrual_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: premenstrual syndrome
trans_list: предменструа́льный синдро́м
sense:
The physical and psychological malaise experienced by many women between ovulation and the onset of menstruation; premenstrual tension. [1953]


lexentry: eng/premier__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: premier
trans_list: премье́р | премье́р-мини́стр
sense:
(politics, non-Westminster) The government leader in a legislative congress or leader of a government-level administrative body; the head of government.


lexentry: eng/premiere__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: premiere
trans_list: премье́ра | премьера
sense:
The first showing of a film, play or other form of entertainment, often held as a special event with celebrity guests.


lexentry: eng/premise__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: premise
trans_list: допуще́ние | предпосы́лка
sense:
A proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition.


lexentry: eng/premise__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: premise
trans_list: посы́лка | предпосы́лка
sense:
(usually, in the plural, legal) Matters previously stated or set forth; especially, that part in the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express the grantor and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed, and all that precedes the habendum; the thing demised or granted.


lexentry: eng/premolar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: premolar
trans_list: премоля́р
sense:
A tooth situated in front of the molar teeth; especially a tooth in humans with two cusps which is between the canines and the molars (Latin: singular dens premolaris, plural dentes premolares)


lexentry: eng/premonition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: premonition
trans_list: предчу́вствие
sense:
A clairvoyant or clairaudient experience, such as a dream, which resonates with some event in the future.


lexentry: eng/premonition__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: premonition
trans_list: предчу́вствие
sense:
A strong intuition that something is about to happen (usually something negative, but not exclusively).


lexentry: eng/prenuptial_agreement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prenuptial agreement
trans_list: бра́чный догово́р | бра́чный контра́кт
sense:
A legal document, signed by both parties before marriage, stating the legal claims on each other's estate upon a subsequent divorce.


lexentry: eng/prep_school__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prep school
trans_list: гимназия
sense:
(US) A private or public school intended to prepare its students to get into prestigious universities.


lexentry: eng/preparatory__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preparatory
trans_list: подготовительный
sense:
Of or pertaining to preparation, having the purpose of making something or someone ready, preparative.


lexentry: eng/prepare__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prepare
trans_list: гото́вить | подгота́вливать | подгото́вить | пригото́вить
sense:
(transitive) To make ready for a specific future purpose; to set up; to assemble or equip; to forearm.


lexentry: eng/prepend__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prepend
trans_list: предварять
sense:
(computing, linguistics, transitive) To attach (an expression, phrase, etc.) to another, as a prefix.


lexentry: eng/preposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preposition
trans_list: предло́г | предлог
sense:
(grammar, strict sense) Any of a class of non-inflecting words and multiword terms typically employed to connect a following noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word: a particle used with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to make a phrase limiting some other word.


lexentry: eng/prepositional_article__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prepositional article
trans_list: сочленённый предло́г
sense:
(grammar) In some languages, such as French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish, a contraction of a preposition and an article, e.g. au in French (a contraction of à and le).


lexentry: eng/prepositional_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prepositional case
trans_list: предло́жный паде́ж
sense:
(grammar) noun case serving as object of a preposition. Prepositions that often govern the prepositional case include "about", "in", "on", and "near". Russian is an example of a language that uses the prepositional case.


lexentry: eng/prepositional_phrase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prepositional phrase
trans_list: предло́жная гру́ппа | предло́жно-именно́е сочета́ние
sense:
(grammar) A phrase containing both a preposition and its object or complement; may be used as an adjunct or a modifier.


lexentry: eng/prepossess__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prepossess
trans_list: подкупа́ть | подкупи́ть
sense:
Chiefly followed by by or with: to preoccupy (someone) in an emotional or mental way, so as to preclude other things.


lexentry: eng/prepossess__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prepossess
trans_list: подкупа́ть | подкупи́ть
sense:
(by extension) To cause (someone) to have a previous inclination against, for, or to something; to bias or prejudice; specifically, to induce in (someone) a favourable opinion beforehand, or at the outset.


lexentry: eng/prequel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prequel
trans_list: предысто́рия | при́квел
sense:
(narratology) In a series of works, an installment that is set chronologically before its predecessor, especially the original narrative or (perhaps improper usage) any narrative work with at least one sequel.


lexentry: eng/prerequisite__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prerequisite
trans_list: предпосы́лка | предусловие
sense:
In education, a course or topic that must be completed before another course or topic can be started. May be colloquially referred to as a prereq.


lexentry: eng/prerogative__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prerogative
trans_list: исключи́тельное пра́во | прерогати́ва
sense:
A right, or power that is exclusive to a monarch etc, especially such a power to make a decision or judgement.


lexentry: eng/prescient__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prescient
trans_list: дальновидный
sense:
Exhibiting or possessing prescience: having knowledge of, or seemingly able to correctly predict, events before they take place. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/prescribe__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prescribe
trans_list: пропи́сывать | назнача́ть
sense:
(medicine) To order (a drug or medical device) for use by a particular patient (under licensed authority).


lexentry: eng/prescribe__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prescribe
trans_list: предпи́сывать | устана́вливать
sense:
To specify by writing as a required procedure or ritual; to lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of action.


lexentry: eng/prescription__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prescription
trans_list: реце́пт | предписа́ние
sense:
(medicine, pharmacy, pharmacology) A written order from an authorized medical practitioner for provision of a medicine or other treatment, such as (ophthalmology) the specific lenses needed for a pair of glasses.


lexentry: eng/prescription__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: prescription
trans_list: предписа́ние | прескри́пция | распоряже́ние
sense:
(legal) Synonym of enactment, the act of establishing a law, regulation, etc., particularly in writing; an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/prescription__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: prescription
trans_list: прескри́пция
sense:
(linguistics) The act of establishing or formalizing ideal norms for language use, as opposed to describing the actual norms of such use; an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/prescription_drug__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prescription drug
trans_list: [[рецепту́рное]] [[лека́рство]]
sense:
(pharmacology) A licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a prescription before it can be obtained.


lexentry: eng/prescriptive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prescriptive
trans_list: нормати́вный | предпи́сывающий
sense:
Of or pertaining to prescribing or enjoining, especially an action or behavior based on a norm or standard.


lexentry: eng/prescriptivism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prescriptivism
trans_list: прескриптивизм
sense:
(linguistics) The practice of prescribing idealistic norms, as opposed to describing realistic forms, of linguistic usage.


lexentry: eng/presence_of_mind__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: presence of mind
trans_list: прису́тствие духа
sense:
Focused alertness, good sense, quick-thinking resourcefulness, or stability of feeling and thought, especially in spite of circumstances which are distracting, stressful, or otherwise challenging.


lexentry: eng/present__Adjective__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: present
trans_list: настоя́щий | ны́нешний
sense:
Relating to something a person is referring to in the very context, with a deictic use similar to the demonstrative adjective this.


lexentry: eng/present__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: present
trans_list: пода́ть | подава́ть
sense:
(transitive, now, rare) To charge (a person) with a crime or accusation; to bring before court. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/present_continuous__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: present continuous
trans_list: настоя́щее дли́тельное вре́мя | настоя́щее продо́лженное вре́мя
sense:
(grammar) A tense that describes an ongoing action in the present. In English it is formed by use of a form of be with a present participle.


lexentry: eng/present_participle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: present participle
trans_list: прича́стие настоя́щего вре́мени
sense:
(grammar) A nonfinite verb form that indicates an ongoing action or state and which can function as an adjective.


lexentry: eng/present_perfect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: present perfect
trans_list: настоя́щее соверше́нное вре́мя
sense:
(grammar) A perfect tense that expresses action in the past (usually completed) with consequences in the present time.


lexentry: eng/present_perfect_continuous__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: present perfect continuous
trans_list: настоя́щее соверше́нное непреры́вное вре́мя | настоя́щее соверше́нное продо́лженное вре́мя
sense:
(grammar) A tense that expresses an unbroken action continuing at the present time, started in the past. In English it is formed by using have been with a present participle.


lexentry: eng/present_tense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: present tense
trans_list: настоя́щее вре́мя | настоящее время
sense:
(grammar) A grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in the present time.


lexentry: eng/presentism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: presentism
trans_list: презенти́зм
sense:
(philosophy) The view that neither the future nor the past exist (events and entities that are wholly past or wholly future do not exist at all).


lexentry: eng/president__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: president
trans_list: генера́льный дире́ктор | президе́нт
sense:
Primary leader of a corporation. Not to be confused with CEO, which is a related but separate position that is sometimes held by a different person.


lexentry: eng/press__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: press
trans_list: жим
sense:
(countable, weightlifting) An exercise in which weight is forced away from the body by extension of the arms or legs.


lexentry: eng/press__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: press
trans_list: дави́ть | нажима́ть | жать | надави́ть | нажа́ть
sense:
(ambitransitive) To exert weight or force against, to act upon with force or weight; to exert pressure upon.


lexentry: eng/press__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: press
trans_list: гладить
sense:
(transitive, sewing) To flatten a selected area of fabric using an iron with an up-and-down, not sliding, motion, so as to avoid disturbing adjacent areas.


lexentry: eng/press_secretary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: press secretary
trans_list: пре́сс-секрета́рша | пресс-секрета́рь
sense:
A senior advisor who provides advice on how to deal with the news media and helps the employer to maintain a positive public image.


lexentry: eng/presstitute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: presstitute
trans_list: журнали́зд | журнашлю́ха
sense:
(derogatory, sometimes, attributive) A person or media entity that misleadingly tailors news to fit a particular partisan agenda.


lexentry: eng/pressure__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: pressure
trans_list: давле́ние | давление
sense:
(physics) The amount of force that is applied over a given area divided by the size of this area; force per unit area.


lexentry: eng/pressure_cooker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pressure cooker
trans_list: скорова́рка | скороварка
sense:
(cookware) A sealed cooking vessel that allows cooking in greater than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature above the boiling point of water.


lexentry: eng/pressure_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pressure point
trans_list: жи́зненно ва́жная то́чка
sense:
(martial arts) A specific small area of the body targeted, due to a cluster of nerves being close to the skin, usually not protected by bone.


lexentry: eng/pressure_suit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pressure suit
trans_list: скафандр
sense:
(aviation, astronautics) A sealed, full-body garment, usually with an attachable helmet, which maintains air pressure or mechanical pressure around the body of an astronaut or aviator to compensate for the low density of the air at high altitudes.


lexentry: eng/prestige__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prestige
trans_list: прести́ж | авторите́т
sense:
The quality of how good the reputation of something or someone is, how favourably something or someone is regarded.


lexentry: eng/presume__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: presume
trans_list: предполага́ть | предположи́ть
sense:
(transitive) To assume or suggest to be true (without proof); to take for granted, to suppose. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/presumption_of_innocence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: presumption of innocence
trans_list: презумпция невиновности
sense:
(legal) The precept that someone will not be convicted of a crime unless (the judge, prosecutor, officer) proves guilt beyond a reasonable doubt and is non liquet, with there being no present burden of proof duty subjected on the accused to prove innocence.


lexentry: eng/presumptuous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: presumptuous
trans_list: де́рзкий | на́глый | наха́льный | самонаде́янный | самоуве́ренный
sense:
Making unwarranted presumptions or assumptions, often out of arrogance or excessive self-confidence, and thus exceeding what is appropriate or right.


lexentry: eng/presuppose__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: presuppose
trans_list: предполага́ть
sense:
To assume some truth without proof, usually for the purpose of reaching a conclusion based on that truth.


lexentry: eng/presymptomatic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: presymptomatic
trans_list: предсимпто́мный
sense:
(medicine) relating to the early stages of a disease, before all symptoms have developed and therefore accurate diagnosis is not possible


lexentry: eng/presynaptic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: presynaptic
trans_list: пресинаптический
sense:
(cytology) In a synapse, of or pertaining to the neuron that releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.


lexentry: eng/preta__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preta
trans_list: пре́та
sense:
A hungry ghost (a supernatural being in Buddhist folklore, the spirit of a greedy person whose divine retribution is never to be sated)


lexentry: eng/pretender__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pretender
trans_list: претенде́нт | претенде́нтка
sense:
A claimant to a throne or the office of a ruler; originally in a neutral sense, but now always applied to a claimant who is held to have no just title.


lexentry: eng/preterite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: preterite
trans_list: прете́рит | проше́дшее вре́мя
sense:
(grammar) A grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past.


lexentry: eng/pretty_penny__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pretty penny
trans_list: влета́ть в копе́ечку | кру́гленькая су́мма
sense:
(idiomatic, informal) Chiefly preceded by a: a considerable amount of money; a high income or price.


lexentry: eng/prevail__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prevail
trans_list: доминировать | восторжествовать | госпо́дствовать | одержать победу
sense:
(intransitive) To be superior in strength, dominance, influence, or frequency; to have or gain the advantage over others; to have the upper hand; to outnumber others.


lexentry: eng/prevalence__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prevalence
trans_list: распространённость
sense:
(epidemiology) The total number of cases of a disease in a given statistical population at a given time, divided by the number of individuals in that population.


lexentry: eng/prevention__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prevention
trans_list: профила́ктика
sense:
(medicine) Any measure intended to limit health-related risks (such as information campaigns, vaccination, early diagnosis etc.).


lexentry: eng/prevention_is_better_than_cure__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: It is better to prevent the creation of a problem than to have to deal with it afterwards.
written_rep: prevention is better than cure
trans_list:
грамм профилактики стоит килограмма лечения | лу́чше боле́знь предотврати́ть, чем пото́м лечи́ть | профила́ктика лу́чше лече́ния


lexentry: eng/preverb__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: preverb
trans_list: преве́рб
sense:
(grammar) Any of a class of words in the Chinese language whose function is analogous to the cases, prepositions, and postpositions of other languages.


lexentry: eng/preview__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: preview
trans_list: [[предвари́тельный]] [[просмо́тр]] | предвкуше́ние | предосмо́тр
sense:
(computing) A facility for viewing and checking a document or photo, or changes to it, before saving or printing it.


lexentry: eng/prey__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: prey
trans_list: добы́ча | пожи́ва | приз | трофе́и
sense:
(archaic) Anything, such as goods, etc., taken or got by violence; something taken by force from an enemy in war.


lexentry: eng/priapism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: priapism
trans_list: приапи́зм | приапизм
sense:
(pathology) A potentially painful or harmful medical condition in which the erect penis (erection) does not return to its flaccid state (despite the absence of both physical and psychological stimulation), often as a result of a spinal injury.


lexentry: eng/price_of_tea_in_China__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: price of tea in China
trans_list: в огоро́де бузина́, а в Ки́еве дя́дька
sense:
(idiomatic) Something that is irrelevant or unimportant, usually used to emphasize the lack of relationship of a non sequitur.


lexentry: eng/prick__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: prick
trans_list: недоу́мок | приду́рок
sense:
(slang, derogatory) Someone (especially a man or boy) who is unpleasant, rude or annoying. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pride__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pride
trans_list: горды́ня | спесь | высокоме́рие | го́нор | зано́счивость | чва́нство
sense:
The quality or state of being proud; an unreasonable overestimation of one's own superiority in terms of talents, looks, wealth, importance etc., which comes across as being lofty, distant, and often showing contempt of others.


lexentry: eng/pride__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pride
trans_list: го́рдость | гордость
sense:
(having a positive sense, often with of or in) A sense of one's own worth, and scorn for what is beneath or unworthy of oneself.


lexentry: eng/pride__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pride
trans_list: горды́ня | спесь | высокоме́рие | зано́счивость | чва́нство
sense:
Proud or disdainful behavior or treatment; insolence or arrogance of demeanor; haughty bearing and conduct; insolent exultation.


lexentry: eng/pride__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pride
trans_list: го́рдость | гордость
sense:
That of which one is proud; that which excites boasting or self-congratulation; the occasion or ground of self-esteem, or of arrogant and presumptuous confidence, as beauty, ornament, noble character, children, etc.


lexentry: eng/pride_comes_before_a_fall__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A person who is excessively proud will often suffer a setback or failure.
written_rep: pride comes before a fall
trans_list:
Сатана гордился, с неба свалился; фараон гордился, в море утопился; а мы гордимся - куда годимся? | горды́ня до добра́ не доведёт


lexentry: eng/priest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: priest
trans_list: жрец | поп | ксёндз | свяще́нник | ба́тюшка | оте́ц
sense:
A religious clergyman (clergywoman, clergyperson) who is trained to perform services or sacrifices at a church or temple.


lexentry: eng/prig__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prig
trans_list: резонёр
sense:
A deliberately superior person; a person who demonstrates an exaggerated conformity or propriety, especially in an irritatingly arrogant or smug manner.


lexentry: eng/prilling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prilling
trans_list: гранули́рование | зерне́ние
sense:
The solidification of droplets of molten material falling against an upward stream of air; used especially to agglomerate ammonium nitrate and urea for use as a fertilizer.


lexentry: eng/prima_donna__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prima donna
trans_list: примадо́нна
sense:
(derogatory) A person who considers himself or herself much more important than others, has high expectations of others and becomes angry when his or her standards or demands are not met.


lexentry: eng/primacy__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: primacy
trans_list: первосвяти́тельство
sense:
(religion) The office, rank, or character of a primate, it being the chief ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church.


lexentry: eng/primal_scene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primal scene
trans_list: перви́чный грех
sense:
(psychoanalysis) In Freudian theory, the first time a child witnesses (and understands) its parents copulating.


lexentry: eng/primary_education__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primary education
trans_list: нача́льное образова́ние
sense:
The basic schooling given to children up to the age of puberty, including reading, writing, and basic mathematics.


lexentry: eng/primary_key__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primary key
trans_list: перви́чный ключ
sense:
(computing, databases) In the design of a database table, the primary key (abbreviated PK) is selected among the non-empty set of candidate keys. The PK is a column (or an irreducible group of columns) able to identify every row of the table.


lexentry: eng/primary_producer__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: primary producer
trans_list: продюсер
sense:
(biology) An autotrophic organism producing complex organic matter, using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.


lexentry: eng/primary_school__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primary school
trans_list: нача́льная шко́ла | семиле́тка
sense:
(British, Australian, sometimes, Philippines, schools) A formal, obligatory kind of school that typically begins with nursery school or first grade and ends at fifth or sixth grade.


lexentry: eng/primary_source__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: primary source
trans_list: первоисто́чник
sense:
(historiography) A historical object, especially a written document, that was created at or near the time of the events studied.


lexentry: eng/primate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primate
trans_list: прима́т | примат
sense:
(zoology) A mammal of the order Primates, including apes, monkeys, lemurs, tarsiers, lorisids, and galagos.


lexentry: eng/primate__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primate
trans_list: архиепи́скоп | епи́скоп | прима́с
sense:
(ecclesiastical) In the Catholic Church, a rare title conferred to or claimed by the sees of certain archbishops, or the highest-ranking bishop of a present or historical, usually political circumscription.


lexentry: eng/primate__Noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: primate
trans_list: архиепи́скоп | епи́скоп | прима́с
sense:
(ecclesiastical) In the Anglican Church, an archbishop, or the highest-ranking bishop of an ecclesiastic province.


lexentry: eng/prime__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: prime
trans_list: просто́й
sense:
(mathematics, lay) Having exactly two integral factors: itself and unity (1 in the case of integers).


lexentry: eng/prime_meridian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prime meridian
trans_list: Гри́нвичский меридиа́н
sense:
The reference line at 0° longitude, passing through Greenwich, England, from which longitude east and west is measured.


lexentry: eng/prime_minister__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prime minister
trans_list: второ́е лицо́ | глава́ прави́тельства | премье́р | премье́р-мини́стр
sense:
The chief member of the cabinet and head of the government, especially in a parliamentary democracy; often the leader of the majority party.


lexentry: eng/prime_mover__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prime mover
trans_list: перви́чный дви́гатель
sense:
A machine, such as a water wheel or steam engine, that receives and modifies energy as supplied by some natural source or fuel and transforms it into mechanical work


lexentry: eng/prime_mover__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prime mover
trans_list: букси́р | тра́ктор | тяга́ч
sense:
(automotive) The front part of a semi-trailer type truck, i.e., the tractor to which the trailer part attaches.


lexentry: eng/prime_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prime number
trans_list: просто́е число́
sense:
(number theory) Any natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers.


lexentry: eng/prime_suspect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prime suspect
trans_list: гла́вный подозрева́емый
sense:
(legal) A person who is considered by the law enforcement agency investigating a crime to be the most likely suspect.


lexentry: eng/prime_time__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prime time
trans_list: лу́чшее эфи́рное вре́мя | прайм-та́йм
sense:
(television, radio) The block of programming on television during the middle of the evening, usually between 7:00 pm and 11:00 pm.


lexentry: eng/primer__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primer
trans_list: запа́л | ка́псюль
sense:
Any substance or device, such as priming wire or blasting cap, used to ignite gunpowder or other explosive.


lexentry: eng/primeval_forest__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primeval forest
trans_list: девственный лес | коренной лес | перви́чный лес | первобы́тный лес | пу́ща
sense:
A forest unaffected by humans, typically containing large live trees, large dead trees, and large logs.


lexentry: eng/primigravida__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primigravida
trans_list: первородящая
sense:
(obstetrics, veterinary medicine) A woman or female animal who is pregnant for the first time, or who has been pregnant once. [from late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/primitive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primitive
trans_list: примити́в
sense:
(linguistics) An original or primary word; a word not derived from another, as opposed to derivative.


lexentry: eng/primitive__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: primitive
trans_list: примити́в
sense:
(programming) A data type that is built into the programming language, as opposed to more complex structures.


lexentry: eng/primitivism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: primitivism
trans_list: примитивизм
sense:
Any of a group of related styles in the arts, influenced by a belief in the superiority of primitive forms.


lexentry: eng/primogeniture__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: primogeniture
trans_list: первородство
sense:
The principle that the eldest child, traditionally the eldest male, has an exclusive right of inheritance.


lexentry: eng/primordial_soup__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: primordial soup
trans_list: перви́чный бульо́н
sense:
(informal, evolutionary theory) The state of the Earth's oceans at a very early time in the planet's history, during the early development of multicellular organisms.


lexentry: eng/prince__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: prince
trans_list: принц | короле́вич | царе́вич
sense:
A male member of a royal family other than the ruler; especially (in the United Kingdom) the son or grandson of the monarch. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/prince_regent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prince regent
trans_list: принц-ре́гент
sense:
A prince who rules a country as a regent in place of a monarch who is unfit to rule for a particular reason.


lexentry: eng/princess__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: princess
trans_list: княги́ня | короле́вна | принце́сса | царе́вна
sense:
A female member of a royal family other than a queen, especially a daughter or granddaughter of a monarch. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/principal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: principal
trans_list: [[основно́й]] долг | [[основной|основна́я]] [[су́мма]]
sense:
(finance, uncountable) The money originally invested or loaned, on which basis interest and returns are calculated.


lexentry: eng/principal__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: principal
trans_list: довери́тель | принципа́л
sense:
(legal) A legal person that authorizes another (the agent) to act on their behalf; or on whose behalf an agent or gestor in a negotiorum gestio acts.


lexentry: eng/principal__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: principal
trans_list: дире́ктор | директри́са | ре́ктор
sense:
(architecture, engineering) The construction that gives shape and strength to a roof, generally a truss of timber or iron; or, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing.


lexentry: eng/principality__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: principality
trans_list: нача́ла
sense:
(theology, countable) A spiritual being, specifically in Christian angelology, the fifth level of angels, ranked above powers and below dominions. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/principate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: principate
trans_list: принципат
sense:
(Ancient Rome) The early period of the Roman Empire, during which some characteristics of the government of the Roman Republic were retained; the reign of any particular emperor during said period.


lexentry: eng/print__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: print
trans_list: печа́ть
sense:
(uncountable) Books and other material created by printing presses, considered collectively or as a medium.


lexentry: eng/print__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: print
trans_list: печа́тать | напеча́тать
sense:
(transitive) To produce one or more copies of a text or image on a surface, especially by machine; often used with out or off: print out, print off.


lexentry: eng/print__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: print
trans_list: [[писа́ть]] [[печатный|печа́тными]] [[буква|бу́квами]]
sense:
(ambitransitive) To write very clearly, especially, to write without connecting the letters as in cursive.


lexentry: eng/printed_circuit_board__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: printed circuit board
trans_list: печа́тная пла́та
sense:
(electronics) A flat board that holds chips and other electronic components in layers that interconnect via copper pathways, often called traces.


lexentry: eng/printed_matter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: printed matter
trans_list: печатная продукция | печатное издание
sense:
Printed material produced by printers and publishers, including books, magazines, brochures, booklets, publicity material and newspapers, especially in relation to less expensive postage rates for such material.


lexentry: eng/printer__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: printer
trans_list: печа́тник | печа́тница | типо́граф
sense:
(printing) The operator of a printing press or the owner of a printing business; (metonymy) any printing business.


lexentry: eng/printer__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: printer
trans_list: при́нтер | принтер
sense:
(computer hardware) A device, usually attached to a computer, used to print text or images onto paper; an analogous device capable of producing three-dimensional objects.


lexentry: eng/printing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: printing
trans_list: печа́тание | печа́ть
sense:
(uncountable) The process or business of producing printed material by means of inked type and a printing press or similar technology.


lexentry: eng/prion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prion
trans_list: прио́н
sense:
(molecular biology) A self-propagating misfolded conformer of a protein that is responsible for a number of diseases that affect the brain and other neural tissue.


lexentry: eng/prior__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prior
trans_list: априо́рный
sense:
(Bayesian, _, statistics) Chiefly in prior probability: of the probability of an event: determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it, before additional data is collected.


lexentry: eng/prior__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prior
trans_list: априорное распределение вероятностей
sense:
(Bayesian, _, statistics) A prior probability distribution, that is, one determined without knowledge of the occurrence of other events that bear on it, before additional data is collected. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/prior_knowledge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prior knowledge
trans_list: сознание
sense:
(criminal law) Knowledge of a set of circumstances sufficient to make actions based on those circumstances wrongful.


lexentry: eng/prism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prism
trans_list: при́зма | призма
sense:
(geometry) A polyhedron with parallel ends of the same polygonal shape and size, the other faces being parallelogram-shaped sides.


lexentry: eng/prism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prism
trans_list: при́зма | призма
sense:
(optics) A transparent block in the shape of a prism (sense 1), typically with triangular ends, used to reflect or refract light.


lexentry: eng/prison__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prison
trans_list: тюрьма́ | зо́на | казема́т | катала́жка | куту́зка | остро́г
sense:
A place or institution where people are held against their will, in the US especially for long-term confinement, as of those convicted of serious crimes or otherwise considered undesirable by the government.


lexentry: eng/prison_guard__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prison guard
trans_list: тюре́мный охра́нник | тюре́мщик
sense:
(law enforcement) An armed person working to provide order, security, discipline, punishment, and prevent escapes of prisoners in a jail that answers to a warden.


lexentry: eng/prisoner_of_war__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prisoner of war
trans_list: военнопле́нный | пле́нный
sense:
A combatant or soldier who is captured by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/privacy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (uncountable) The state of being secluded from the presence, sight, or knowledge of others.
written_rep: privacy
trans_list:
[[личный|ли́чное]] [[простра́нство]] | [[неприкоснове́нность]] [[частный|ча́стной]] [[жизнь|жи́зни]] | конфиденциа́льность | пра́йвеси | прива́тность | секре́тность


lexentry: eng/privacy_policy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: privacy policy
trans_list: политика конфиденциальности
sense:
(legal) A statement detailing policies that an organization or party uses to collect or hide information about an end user or customer of the organization, particularly where it concerns private information.


lexentry: eng/private_car__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private car
trans_list: личное авто
sense:
A car that is for personal use and owned privately, as opposed to a company car or official car etc.


lexentry: eng/private_first_class__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private first class
trans_list: ефре́йтор
sense:
(US) An enlisted rank in the United States Army, of rank E-3, ranking above a private and below a corporal or specialist.


lexentry: eng/private_international_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private international law
trans_list: междунаро́дное ча́стное пра́во
sense:
The law of a state that decides the law of which state is applied to legal relationships in civil and commercial matters that contain foreign elements.


lexentry: eng/private_life__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private life
trans_list: ли́чная жизнь | ча́стная жизнь
sense:
The aspects of one's life that are personal, such as family, friends and other personal relationships, as opposed to the elements that make up one's public or professional life.


lexentry: eng/private_parts__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private parts
trans_list: инти́мные ча́сти те́ла | срамны́е места́
sense:
(euphemistic) Those parts of the human body commonly expected to be covered by clothing when in public; especially, the pubic area.


lexentry: eng/private_property__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private property
trans_list: частная собственность
sense:
(law, property law) Property to which individuals or corporations have certain exclusive property rights, but do not necessarily possess.


lexentry: eng/private_sector__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: private sector
trans_list: ча́стный се́ктор
sense:
(business) All organizations in an economy or jurisdiction that are not controlled by government, including privately owned businesses and not-for-profit organizations.


lexentry: eng/privateer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: privateer
trans_list: ка́пер | корса́р | привати́р
sense:
(historical) A privately owned warship that acted under a letter of marque to attack enemy merchant ships and take possession of their cargo. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/privation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: privation
trans_list: дефект
sense:
(philosophy) The state of being deprived of or lacking an attribute formerly or properly possessed; the loss or absence of such an attribute.


lexentry: eng/privilege__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: privilege
trans_list: привиле́гия | льго́та
sense:
(countable) A particular benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity enjoyed by some but not others; a prerogative, preferential treatment. [from 10th c.]


lexentry: eng/privilege__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: privilege
trans_list: право
sense:
(computing) An ability to perform an action on the system that can be selectively granted or denied to users.


lexentry: eng/prize__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prize
trans_list: добы́ча | трофе́й
sense:
That which is taken from another; something captured; a thing seized by force, stratagem, or superior power.


lexentry: eng/prize__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prize
trans_list: трофе́й
sense:
(military, nautical) Anything captured by a belligerent using the rights of war; especially, property captured at sea in virtue of the rights of war, as a vessel.


lexentry: eng/prize__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prize
trans_list: приз | награ́да | пре́мия
sense:
An honour or reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything offered to be competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort.


lexentry: eng/pro-choice__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pro-choice
trans_list: прочойс
sense:
Supportive in general of a person's right to choose; supportive of self-determination, bodily integrity, and individual sovereignty.


lexentry: eng/pro_forma__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pro forma
trans_list: для проформы
sense:
Occurring, undertaken, or performed as a perfunctory matter, in the interest of form, or for the sake of formality.


lexentry: eng/probability_distribution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: probability distribution
trans_list: распреде́ление вероя́тностей
sense:
(statistics) A distribution of all possible values of a random variable together with an indication of their probabilities.


lexentry: eng/probability_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: probability theory
trans_list: тео́рия вероя́тности
sense:
(mathematics) The mathematical study of probability (the likelihood of occurrence of random events in order to predict the behavior of defined systems).


lexentry: eng/probable_cause__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: probable cause
trans_list: доста́точное основа́ние
sense:
(US, law, uncountable) Reasonable grounds for making an arrest or conducting a personal or property search.


lexentry: eng/probation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: probation
trans_list: испыта́тельный срок
sense:
A period of time when a person occupies a position only conditionally and may be removed if certain conditions are not met.


lexentry: eng/probative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: probative
trans_list: доказа́тельный
sense:
(legal) Tending to prove a particular proposition or to persuade someone of the truth of an allegation.


lexentry: eng/probe__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: probe
trans_list: зонд | АМС | автомати́ческая межплане́тная ста́нция
sense:
(aeronautics) A tube attached to an aircraft which can be fitted into the drogue from a tanker aircraft to allow for aerial refuelling. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/probe__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: probe
trans_list: зонд | щуп
sense:
(sciences) A small device, especially an electrode, used to explore, investigate or measure something by penetrating or being placed in it. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/probe__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: probe
trans_list: зонд | АМС | автомати́ческая межплане́тная ста́нция
sense:
(astronautics) A small, usually uncrewed, spacecraft used to acquire information or measurements about its surroundings. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/problem_child__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: problem child
trans_list: тру́дный ребёнок
sense:
(euphemistic) A child who is particularly difficult to raise or educate, especially due to a lack of self-control and disruptive and antisocial behavior.


lexentry: eng/procedural_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: procedural law
trans_list: процессуа́льное пра́во
sense:
(legal) The law that comprises the rule by which a court hears and determines what happens in civil or criminal proceedings.


lexentry: eng/procedure__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: procedure
trans_list: проце́сс | процеду́ра
sense:
(uncountable) The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks.


lexentry: eng/proceeding__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: proceeding
trans_list: акт
sense:
(always in plural) A published collection of papers presented at an academic conference, or representing the acts of a learned society.


lexentry: eng/process_worker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: process worker
trans_list: производственны́й рабо́чий
sense:
An unskilled or semiskilled worker who is responsible for running processing machinery in a factory.


lexentry: eng/processed_cheese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: processed cheese
trans_list: пла́вленый сыр
sense:
Any of several types of natural cheese that are pasteurized to lengthen storage life and combined with emulsifiers to aid smoothness. In some cases processed cheeses contain added colorings and preservatives.


lexentry: eng/procession__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: procession
trans_list: проце́ссия | верени́ца | ше́ствие
sense:
A group of people or things moving along in an orderly, stately, or solemn manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a retinue.


lexentry: eng/proclaim__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: proclaim
trans_list: объяви́ть | объявля́ть | провозгласи́ть | провозглаша́ть
sense:
(dated, or, historical) To make [something] the subject of an official proclamation bringing it within the scope of emergency powers


lexentry: eng/proclivity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proclivity
trans_list: скло́нность
sense:
A predisposition or natural inclination, propensity, or a predilection; especially, a strong disposition or bent.


lexentry: eng/procrustean_bed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: procrustean bed
trans_list: прокрустово ло́же
sense:
An arbitrary standard, especially one that is forced upon people for the sake of conformity and involves the sacrifice of what is useful.


lexentry: eng/proctor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proctor
trans_list: наблюда́тель
sense:
(North America, Philippines) A person who supervises students as they take an examination, in the United States at the college/university level; often the department secretary, or a fellow/graduate student; an invigilator.


lexentry: eng/prodigal_son__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prodigal son
trans_list: блу́дный сын
sense:
Someone who returns home from travelling or exile or who is welcomed back after disgrace, especially having repented of former extravagant or immoral behaviour.


lexentry: eng/prodrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prodrome
trans_list: продром
sense:
(medicine) An early sign or symptom (or set of signs and symptoms) warning of the onset of a disease.


lexentry: eng/producer__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: producer
trans_list: продю́сер | производи́тель | производи́тельница
sense:
(UK, Irish, slang) An arrest for speeding after which the driver is allowed seven (in the UK) or ten (in Ireland) days to produce his/her driving licence and related documents at a police station.


lexentry: eng/producer_good__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: producer good
trans_list: полуфабрикат
sense:
(economics) An item of goods, such as partly finished goods, used as an input in the production of other goods.


lexentry: eng/producer_price_index__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: producer price index
trans_list: и́ндекс цен производи́телей
sense:
(economics) A price index that measures the average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output.


lexentry: eng/product__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: product
trans_list: произведе́ние | произведение
sense:
(mathematics) Any operation or a result thereof which generalises multiplication of numbers, like the multiplicative operation in a ring, product of types or a categorical product.


lexentry: eng/product__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: product
trans_list: продукция
sense:
Any tangible or intangible good or service that is a result of a process and that is intended for delivery to a customer or end user.


lexentry: eng/product_placement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: product placement
trans_list: про́дакт-пле́йсмент
sense:
(marketing) A form of advertising where a brand or product is incorporated into non-advertising media such as films.


lexentry: eng/production__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: production
trans_list: изде́лия | проду́кция
sense:
That which is manufactured or is ready for manufacturing in volume (as opposed to a prototype or conceptual model).


lexentry: eng/production_line__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: production line
trans_list: пото́чная ли́ния
sense:
(manufacturing) A set of sequential operations established in a factory whereby materials are put through a refining process or components are assembled to make a finished article.


lexentry: eng/productization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: productization
trans_list: продуктизация
sense:
(computing, business) The act of modifying something, such as a concept or a tool internal to an organization, to make it suitable as a commercial product.


lexentry: eng/profanity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: profanity
trans_list: богоху́льство | профана́ция
sense:
(uncountable) The quality of being profane; quality of irreverence, of treating sacred things with contempt.


lexentry: eng/profess__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: profess
trans_list: преподава́ть | провозглашать
sense:
(transitive, chiefly, passive) To administer the vows of a religious order to (someone); to admit to a religious order. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/profess__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: profess
trans_list: провозглашать
sense:
(transitive) To make a claim (to be something); to lay claim to (a given quality, feeling etc.), often with connotations of insincerity. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/profession__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: profession
trans_list: вероиспове́дание
sense:
The declaration of belief in the principles of a religion; hence, one's faith or religion. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/professional_wrestling__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: professional wrestling
trans_list: реслинг | рестлинг
sense:
A form of sports entertainment characterized by the performance of choreographed wrestling matches with predetermined outcomes.


lexentry: eng/professionalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: professionalism
trans_list: профессионали́зм
sense:
The status, methods, character or standards expected of a professional or of a professional organization, such as reliability, discretion, evenhandedness, and fair play.


lexentry: eng/professor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: professor
trans_list: профе́ссор | профе́ссорша | профессор
sense:
(US, Philippines, informal) A teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank.


lexentry: eng/profit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: profit
trans_list: прибыль
sense:
(accounting, economics) Total income or cash flow minus expenditures. The money or other benefit a non-governmental organization or individual receives in exchange for products and services sold at an advertised price.


lexentry: eng/profiteering__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: profiteering
trans_list: спекуля́ция
sense:
The act of making an unreasonable profit not justified by the corresponding assumption of risk, or by doing so unethically or opportunistically.


lexentry: eng/profound__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: profound
trans_list: глубо́кий | му́дрый | основательный
sense:
Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough


lexentry: eng/progeria__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: progeria
trans_list: прогерия
sense:
(pathology) An extremely rare genetic condition wherein symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at an early age.


lexentry: eng/progesterone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: progesterone
trans_list: прогестерон
sense:
(steroid hormone, uncountable) A steroid hormone, secreted by the ovaries, whose function is to prepare the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized ovum and to maintain pregnancy.


lexentry: eng/prognosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prognosis
trans_list: прогно́з
sense:
A forecast of the future course or outcome of a situation based on what is presently known; a prediction. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/prognosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prognosis
trans_list: прогно́з
sense:
(medicine) A forecast of the future course or outcome of a disease or disorder based on current medical knowledge. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/program__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: program
trans_list: программа
sense:
(politics) A set of principal goals which are supported by a political party or individual candidate.


lexentry: eng/program__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: program
trans_list: програ́мма | программа
sense:
(computing) A software application, or a collection of software applications, designed to perform a specific task.


lexentry: eng/program__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: program
trans_list: [[писа́ть]] [[программа|програ́мму]] | программи́ровать
sense:
(transitive) To enter a program or other instructions into (a computer or other electronic device) to instruct it to do a particular task.


lexentry: eng/program_trading__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: program trading
trans_list: высокочасто́тная торго́вля
sense:
(business, finance, computing) High-volume and high-speed buying and selling of investment securities, such as stocks and bonds, which is initiated and executed by brokerage firms' computer programs that continually monitor market conditions.


lexentry: eng/programming_language__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: programming language
trans_list: язы́к программи́рования | язык программирования
sense:
(programming) A code of reserved words and symbols used in computer programs, which give instructions to the computer on how to accomplish certain computing tasks.


lexentry: eng/progress__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: progress
trans_list: продвиже́ние
sense:
Movement or advancement through a series of events, or points in time; development through time. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/progress_bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: progress bar
trans_list: индика́тор выполне́ния | индика́тор проце́сса
sense:
(graphical user interface) A bar that indicates the progression of a task by gradually filling its empty space with solid colour.


lexentry: eng/progressive__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: progressive
trans_list: прогресси́вный де́ятель | прогресси́вный челове́к | сторонник прогресса | член прогрессивной партии
sense:
A person who actively favors or strives for progress towards improved conditions, as in society or government.


lexentry: eng/progressive_rock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: progressive rock
trans_list: прог-рок | прогрессивный рок
sense:
(music genre) A rock music genre originating from the late 1960s and early 1970s, heavily influenced by classical music and jazz.


lexentry: eng/project_management__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: project management
trans_list: управле́ние проектами
sense:
(operations) The discipline of organizing and managing resources (e.g. people) in such a way that a project is completed within defined scope, quality, time and cost constraints.


lexentry: eng/projection__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: projection
trans_list: прое́кция
sense:
The display of an image by devices such as movie projector, video projector, overhead projector or slide projector.


lexentry: eng/projection__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: projection
trans_list: проекция
sense:
(psychology) A belief or assumption that others have similar thoughts and experiences to one's own, including making accusations that would more fittingly apply to the accuser.


lexentry: eng/projective_geometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: projective geometry
trans_list: проекти́вная геоме́трия
sense:
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics that investigates those properties of figures that are invariant under homographies, special kinds of spaces called projective spaces, and the geometric structures that inhabit them.


lexentry: eng/projector__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: projector
trans_list: прое́ктор | проектор
sense:
An optical device that projects a beam of light, especially one used to project an image (or moving images) onto a screen. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/prokaryote__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prokaryote
trans_list: прокарио́та
sense:
An organism whose cell (or cells) are characterized by the absence of a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.


lexentry: eng/prolactin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prolactin
trans_list: пролакти́н | пролактин
sense:
(hormone) A peptide gonadotrophic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland; it stimulates growth of the mammary glands and lactation in females.


lexentry: eng/prolative_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prolative case
trans_list: пролатив
sense:
(grammar) A declension, in some languages, of a noun or pronoun that has the basic meaning of "by way of".


lexentry: eng/prolegomenon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prolegomenon
trans_list: пролего́мен
sense:
(usually, in the plural) A prefatory discussion; a formal essay or critical discussion serving to introduce and interpret an extended work.


lexentry: eng/proleptic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proleptic
trans_list: преждевре́менный
sense:
(of a calendar) Extrapolated to dates prior to its first adoption; of those used to adjust to or from the Julian calendar or Gregorian calendar.


lexentry: eng/proletariat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proletariat
trans_list: пролетариа́т | пролетариат
sense:
(often, derogatory, also, figuratively) The lowest class of society; also, the lower classes of society generally; the masses.


lexentry: eng/proletariat__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: proletariat
trans_list: пролетариа́т | пролетариат
sense:
(Marxism) Wage earners collectively, excluding salaried workers; people who own no capital and depend on their labour for survival; the working class, especially when seen as engaged in a class struggle with the bourgeoisie.


lexentry: eng/proletariat__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: proletariat
trans_list: пролетариа́т | пролетариат
sense:
(chiefly, Ancient Rome, historical) The lowest class of citizens, who had no property and few rights, and were regarded as contributing only their offspring to the state.


lexentry: eng/proliferate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (ambitransitive) To increase in number or spread rapidly; to multiply.
written_rep: proliferate
trans_list:
размно́житься | размножа́ться | распространи́ть | распространи́ться | распространя́ть | распространя́ться


lexentry: eng/proliferation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proliferation
trans_list: размноже́ние | разраста́ние | распростране́ние
sense:
(uncountable) The process by which an organism produces others of its kind; breeding, propagation, procreation, reproduction.


lexentry: eng/proliferation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: proliferation
trans_list: пролифера́ция | рост | увеличе́ние
sense:
(countable) The act of increasing or rising; augmentation, amplification, enlargement, escalation, aggrandizement.


lexentry: eng/proliferation__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: proliferation
trans_list: распростране́ние
sense:
(uncountable) The spread of biochemical, nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction to countries not originally involved in developing them.


lexentry: eng/prolific__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prolific
trans_list: оби́льный | плодови́тый | плодоно́сный | урожа́йный
sense:
Fertile; producing offspring or fruit in abundance — applied to plants producing fruit, animals producing young, etc.


lexentry: eng/proline__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proline
trans_list: пролин
sense:
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid C5H9NO2 found in most animal proteins, especially collagen; its cyclic structure leads to kinks in the peptide chain of proteins.


lexentry: eng/prom__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prom
trans_list: бал | выпускно́й ве́чер | пром
sense:
(US) A formal ball held at a high school or college on special occasions; e.g,. near the end of the academic year.


lexentry: eng/promenade__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: promenade
trans_list: пешехо́дная у́лица | промена́д | эсплана́да
sense:
A place where one takes a walk for leisurely pleasure, or for exercise, especially a terrace by the seaside.


lexentry: eng/prominence__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: prominence
trans_list: относительная высота́
sense:
(topography) Autonomous height; relative height or prime factor; a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains.


lexentry: eng/promise__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: promise
trans_list: обеща́ть | пообеща́ть | обещать
sense:
(ambitransitive) To commit to (some action or outcome), or to assure (a person) of such commitment; to make an oath or vow.


lexentry: eng/promissory_note__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: promissory note
trans_list: ве́ксель | долгова́я распи́ска
sense:
(finance) A document saying that someone owes a specific amount of money to someone else, often with the deadline and interest fees; the primary purposes of a promissory note are to evidence the debt obligation incurred, and to establish terms for payment thereof.


lexentry: eng/promote__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: promote
trans_list: продви́нуть
sense:
(transitive) To advocate or urge on behalf of (something or someone); to attempt to popularize or sell by means of advertising or publicity.


lexentry: eng/prompt__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prompt
trans_list: подска́зка | приглаше́ние | промпт
sense:
(computing) A sequence of characters that is displayed to indicate that a computer is ready to receive input.


lexentry: eng/prompt__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prompt
trans_list: суфли́ровать | внуша́ть | побужда́ть | подска́зывать
sense:
(transitive, theater, and, television) To show or tell (an actor/person) the words they should be saying, or actions they should be doing.


lexentry: eng/prompter's_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prompter's box
trans_list: суфлёрская бу́дка
sense:
The raised box in the apron of a stage, opening towards the actors. The prompter sits inside with the prompter's book, ready to give cues for missed or forgotten lines.


lexentry: eng/prone__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prone
trans_list: лежа́щий ничко́м | лицо́м вниз | лёжа
sense:
Of the hand, forearm or foot: turned facing away from the body; with the thumb inward or big toe downward.


lexentry: eng/pronoia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pronoia
trans_list: про́ния
sense:
(historical, Byzantine Empire) An imperial grant to an individual of temporary fiscal rights in the form of land, incomes or taxes from land, fishing rights, etc., sometimes carrying with it an obligation of military service.


lexentry: eng/pronominal_adverb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pronominal adverb
trans_list: местоименное наречие
sense:
(grammar) An adverb which contains a pronominal element; generally such an adverb replaces a phrase of preposition + pronoun.


lexentry: eng/pronominal_verb__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pronominal verb
trans_list: возвратный глагол
sense:
(linguistics, grammar) A form of verb that has an attached pronoun in some languages (e.g. French, Spanish).


lexentry: eng/pronoun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pronoun
trans_list: местоимение | местоиме́ние
sense:
(grammar) A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.


lexentry: eng/proof__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proof
trans_list: доказа́тельство | пруф
sense:
(countable) An effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.


lexentry: eng/proof__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: proof
trans_list: доказательство
sense:
(uncountable) The degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments which induce, or tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence; demonstration.


lexentry: eng/proof__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: proof
trans_list: корректу́ра
sense:
(countable, printing) A proof sheet; a trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or examination.


lexentry: eng/proof__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: proof
trans_list: доказательство
sense:
(countable, mathematics) A process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed. Compare prove, transitive verb, 5.


lexentry: eng/proof_by_contradiction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proof by contradiction
trans_list: доказа́тельство от проти́вного
sense:
(mathematics, logic) Proof of a statement adduced by deriving a contradiction from the statement's negation.


lexentry: eng/proofread__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proofread
trans_list: корректи́ровать
sense:
(transitive, and, intransitive) To check a written text for errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and punctuation.


lexentry: eng/prop__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prop
trans_list: реквизит
sense:
(theater, film) An item placed on a stage or set to create a scene or scenario in which actors perform.


lexentry: eng/propaganda__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propaganda
trans_list: агита́ция | пропага́нда | пропаганда
sense:
(as a neutral word, _, dated) Agitation, publicity, public communication aimed at influencing an audience and furthering an agenda.


lexentry: eng/propaganda_of_the_deed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propaganda of the deed
trans_list: пропага́нда де́лом | пропага́нда посту́пком
sense:
A politically motivated act of violence, meant to broadcast an ideological message and serve as catalyst to ignite a spirit of socialist revolution among the proletariat against perceived oppressors.


lexentry: eng/propagate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: propagate
trans_list: размно́жить | размно́житься | размножа́ть | размножа́ться | распространи́ть | распространя́ть
sense:
(transitive) To spread from person to person; to extend the knowledge of; to originate and spread; to carry from place to place; to disseminate.


lexentry: eng/propagate__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: propagate
trans_list: размно́житься | размножа́ться
sense:
(biology, intransitive) To produce young; to be produced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or plants.


lexentry: eng/propel__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propel
trans_list: дви́гать | продвига́ть
sense:
(transitive) To provide an impetus for motion or physical action; to cause to move in a certain direction; to drive or push forward.


lexentry: eng/propellant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propellant
trans_list: топливо
sense:
fuel, oxidizer, reaction mass or mixture for one or more engines (especially internal combustion engines or jet engines) that is carried within a vehicle prior to use


lexentry: eng/propeller__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: propeller
trans_list: винт | возду́шный винт | пропе́ллер
sense:
A mechanical device with evenly-shaped blades that turn on a shaft to push against air or water, especially one used to propel an aircraft or boat.


lexentry: eng/proper__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: proper
trans_list: со́бственный
sense:
(grammar) Used to designate a particular person, place, or thing. Proper nouns are usually written with an initial capital letter. [14th c.]


lexentry: eng/proper_noun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proper noun
trans_list: и́мя со́бственное | о́ним | имя собственное
sense:
(grammar) A word or phrase that is a noun denoting a particular person, place, organization, ship, animal, event, or other individual entity.


lexentry: eng/property__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: property
trans_list: сво́йство
sense:
(computing) An editable or read-only parameter associated with an application, component or class; especially (OOP) one that encapsulates an underlying variable.


lexentry: eng/property_rights__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: property rights
trans_list: пра́во собственности
sense:
(legal) The exclusive rights pertaining to the ownership and possession of a given piece of property.


lexentry: eng/property_tax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: property tax
trans_list: нало́г на недви́жимость
sense:
A tax, usually ad valorem, charged on the basis of the fair market value of property. The scope of taxable property varies by jurisdiction and it may include personal property in addition to real estate.


lexentry: eng/propfan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propfan
trans_list: турбовентиляторный дви́гатель
sense:
(aviation) A modified turbofan jet engine with the propeller outside the engine duct of an aircraft.


lexentry: eng/propitiation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propitiation
trans_list: умилостивле́ние | умиротворе́ние
sense:
The act of propitiating; placation, atonement, similar to expiation but also involving the appeasement of anger.


lexentry: eng/propolis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propolis
trans_list: пропо́лис
sense:
An aromatic glue-like substance produced by honeybees from tree resin, waxes, and their own secretions, used in the construction of their hives.


lexentry: eng/proportional__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proportional
trans_list: пропорциона́льный
sense:
(mathematics) At a constant ratio (to). Two magnitudes (numbers) are said to be proportional if the second varies in a direct relation arithmetically to the first. Symbol: ∝.


lexentry: eng/proportional_representation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proportional representation
trans_list: пропорциональная избирательная система
sense:
A voting principle aimed at securing a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (usually political parties) obtain in elections, and the percentage of seats they receive in the elected body.


lexentry: eng/proposal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proposal
trans_list: предложе́ние
sense:
(legal) The offer by a party of what they have in view as to an intended business transaction, which, with acceptance, constitutes a contract.


lexentry: eng/proposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: proposition
trans_list: проект
sense:
(countable, US, politics) In some states, a proposed statute or constitutional amendment to be voted on by the electorate.


lexentry: eng/proposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: proposition
trans_list: утвержде́ние
sense:
(countable, mathematics) An assertion which is provably true, but not important enough to be called a theorem.


lexentry: eng/proppant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proppant
trans_list: [[раскли́нивающий]] [[наполни́тель]] | проппа́нт
sense:
Sand or similar particulate material suspended in water or other fluid and used in hydraulic fracturing (fracking) to keep fissures open.


lexentry: eng/proprietary__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: proprietary
trans_list: проприета́рный
sense:
Created or manufactured exclusively by the owner of intellectual property rights, as with a patent or trade secret.


lexentry: eng/propriety__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: propriety
trans_list: благопристо́йность | присто́йность
sense:
(often, in the plural) Correctness in behaviour and morals; good manners, seemliness. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/propulsion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propulsion
trans_list: дви́жущая си́ла | пропу́льсия
sense:
The process of propelling, driving, or pushing, typically forward or onward; a propulsive force or impulse.


lexentry: eng/propyl__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: propyl
trans_list: пропи́л
sense:
(organic chemistry) Either of two isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, C3H7, formally derived from propane by the loss of a hydrogen atom. [from 1850]


lexentry: eng/prorector__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prorector
trans_list: проре́ктор
sense:
An officer who presides over the academic senate of a university in certain countries, especially Germany.


lexentry: eng/prorogue__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prorogue
trans_list: откладывать
sense:
(transitive) To suspend (a parliamentary session) or to discontinue the meetings of (an assembly, parliament etc.) without formally ending the session. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/prosaic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: prosaic
trans_list: прозаический
sense:
(main usage, usually of writing or speaking but also figurative) Overly plain, simple or commonplace, to the point of being boring.


lexentry: eng/prosecution__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: prosecution
trans_list: обвине́ние | прокурату́ра | сторона́ обвине́ния
sense:
(legal) In many countries, a legal body and institution, usually part of the state apparatus, empowered to perform prosecution. Prosecutor's Office. See Prosecutor.


lexentry: eng/prosecutor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prosecutor
trans_list: обвини́тель | обвини́тельница | прокуро́р
sense:
(law) a person, as a complainant, victim, or chief witness, who institutes prosecution in a criminal proceeding.


lexentry: eng/proselytize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proselytize
trans_list: обраща́ть
sense:
(ambitransitive, broadly) To advertise one’s religious beliefs; to convert (someone) to one’s own faith or religious movement or encourage them to do so.


lexentry: eng/proselytize__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: proselytize
trans_list: завлека́ть
sense:
(by extension, ambitransitive) To advertise a non-religious belief, way of living, cause, point of view, (scientific) hypothesis, social or other position, political party, or other organization; to convince someone to join such a cause or organization or support such a position; to recruit someone.


lexentry: eng/prosimian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prosimian
trans_list: полуобезья́на
sense:
A primate that is not a monkey or an ape, generally nocturnal with large eyes and ears. Such primates were formerly grouped in the suborder Prosimii, but are now considered a paraphyletic group and not a clade.


lexentry: eng/prosopagnosia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prosopagnosia
trans_list: прозопагнозия
sense:
(neurology, pathology, psychology) A form of visual agnosia characterized by difficulty with face recognition despite intact low-level visual processing.


lexentry: eng/prosopopoeia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prosopopoeia
trans_list: олицетворе́ние, воплоще́ние
sense:
(rhetoric) An act of personifying a person or object when communicating to an audience; a figure of speech involving this.


lexentry: eng/prospectus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prospectus
trans_list: проспект
sense:
A document, distributed to prospective members, investors, buyers, or participants, which describes an institution (such as a university), a publication, or a business and what it has to offer.


lexentry: eng/prosper__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prosper
trans_list: благоде́нствовать | преуспева́ть | процвета́ть
sense:
(intransitive) To be successful; to succeed; to be fortunate or prosperous; to thrive; to make gain.


lexentry: eng/prosphora__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prosphora
trans_list: просвира́ | просфора́
sense:
a holy bread; a small loaf of leavened bread, used for communion in Orthodox Church. Usually consists of two layers, symbolizing the dual nature of Christ.


lexentry: eng/prostate_gland__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prostate gland
trans_list: предста́тельная железа́
sense:
(anatomy) A gland in male mammals surrounding the urethra just below the urinary bladder that controls the release of urine from the bladder and produces a secretion that is the fluid part of semen.


lexentry: eng/prostitute__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: prostitute
trans_list: проститу́тка | блядь | ку́рва | шлю́ха
sense:
A person who does, or offers to do, a demeaning or dishonourable activity for money or personal gain; someone who acts in a dishonourable way for personal advantage. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/prostitute__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prostitute
trans_list: [[занима́ться]] [[проституция|проститу́цией]]
sense:
(transitive, reflexive) To offer (oneself or someone else) for sexual activity in exchange for money. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/protagonist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protagonist
trans_list: [[гла́вный]] [[геро́й]] | [[главный|гла́вная]] [[герои́ня]] | протагони́ст | протагони́стка
sense:
(authorship) The main character, or one of the main characters, in any story, such as a literary work or drama.


lexentry: eng/protected__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: protected
trans_list: протеже
sense:
(programming, of a variable, method, etc.) Having the protected access modifier, indicating that a program element is accessible to subclasses but not to the program in general.


lexentry: eng/protection__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: protection
trans_list: контрацепти́в
sense:
(economics) Restrictions on foreign competitors which limit their ability to compete with domestic producers of goods or services.


lexentry: eng/protection_money__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protection money
sense:
Money paid, especially at regular intervals, to criminals or to corrupt officials who threaten to cause harm to the payer or to his or her business if the money is not paid.

trans_list:
[[пла́та]] за [[защита|защи́ту]] | [[пла́та]] за [[крыша|кры́шу]] | [[пла́та]] за [[покрови́тельство]]


lexentry: eng/protection_racket__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protection racket
trans_list: крышева́ние
sense:
(crime) A criminal scheme in which victims are required to pay in order to avoid violence or destruction of property.


lexentry: eng/protectionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protectionism
trans_list: протекциони́зм | протекционизм
sense:
(politics, economics) A system or policy of protecting the domestic producers of a product from foreign competition by imposing tariffs, quotas, duties or other barriers on importations.


lexentry: eng/protectionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protectionist
trans_list: протекциони́ст | протекциони́стка
sense:
Someone who believes in protecting domestic producers by impeding or limiting the importation of foreign goods and services via actions taken by government.


lexentry: eng/protector__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: protector
trans_list: проте́ктор
sense:
A state or other subject under international law, exercising a protectorate over another subject in international law.


lexentry: eng/protectorate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protectorate
trans_list: протектора́т | протекторат
sense:
Government by a protector; especially, the government of England, Scotland, and Ireland by Oliver Cromwell.


lexentry: eng/protectorate__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: protectorate
trans_list: протектора́т | протекторат
sense:
The authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or a dependent one, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and shares in the management of its affairs but the protected state retains its nominal sovereignty.


lexentry: eng/protectorate__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: protectorate
trans_list: протектора́т | протекторат
sense:
An autonomous territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity.


lexentry: eng/protein__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protein
trans_list: бело́к | протеи́н | белок
sense:
(biochemistry, countable) Any of numerous large, complex naturally-produced molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids, in which the amino acid groups are held together by peptide bonds.


lexentry: eng/protein__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: protein
trans_list: бело́к | протеи́н | белок
sense:
(nutrition, uncountable) One of three major classes of food or source of food energy (4 kcal/gram) abundant in animal-derived foods (meat) and some vegetables, such as legumes.


lexentry: eng/proteome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proteome
trans_list: протеом
sense:
(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of proteins encoded by a particular genome. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/proteomics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proteomics
trans_list: протео́мика
sense:
(biochemistry) The branch of molecular biology that studies the set of proteins expressed by the genome of an organism.


lexentry: eng/prothesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prothesis
trans_list: проте́за
sense:
(phonology) The prepending of phonemes at the beginning of a word without changing its morphological structure, as in Spanish esfera from Greek (via Latin) (without prothesis the word would have become *sfera).


lexentry: eng/prothonotary_warbler__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prothonotary warbler
trans_list: лимо́нный певу́н | протонота́риус
sense:
A small North American bird, Protonotaria citrea, having a yellow body and blue wings; it breeds in swampland.


lexentry: eng/protist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protist
trans_list: проти́ст
sense:
(microbiology) Any of the eukaryotic unicellular organisms—including protozoans, slime molds and some algae—historically grouped into the kingdom Protista (or Protoctista), now distributed over several clades.


lexentry: eng/protium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protium
trans_list: про́тий
sense:
(isotope) The lightest and most common isotope of hydrogen, having a single proton and no neutrons: 11H. It is the only stable nuclide with no neutrons.


lexentry: eng/proto-__Prefix__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: proto-
trans_list: пра-
sense:
(inorganic chemistry) A minimal proportion of a particular substance when in a combination. See protosalt.


lexentry: eng/proto-language__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proto-language
trans_list: праязы́к | праязык
sense:
(linguistics) A language which is reconstructed by examining similarities in existing languages in order to deduce the form and aspects of a common ancestor language that is no longer known.


lexentry: eng/protocol__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: protocol
trans_list: протоко́л | протокол
sense:
(international law, now, _, rare) An official record of a diplomatic meeting or negotiation; later specifically, a draft document setting out agreements to be signed into force by a subsequent formal treaty. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/protocol__Noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: protocol
trans_list: протоко́л | протокол
sense:
The official rules and guidelines for heads of state and other dignitaries, governing accepted behaviour in relations with other diplomatic representatives or over affairs of state. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/protocol__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: protocol
trans_list: протоко́л | протокол
sense:
(computing) A set of formal rules describing how to transmit or exchange data, especially across a network. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/protologism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protologism
trans_list: протологи́зм
sense:
(neologism) A newly coined word or phrase defined in the hope that it will become common; a recently created term possibly in narrow use but not yet acknowledged.


lexentry: eng/protologue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protologue
trans_list: протоло́г
sense:
(botany, mycology) All the original material associated with a newly published name, comprising its description or diagnosis and any of a number of other elements such as illustrations, synonymy, etc.


lexentry: eng/proton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proton
trans_list: прото́н | протон
sense:
(particle) A positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark.


lexentry: eng/protoplanet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protoplanet
trans_list: протоплане́та
sense:
An astronomical object, approximately the size of the Moon, formed from the mutual gravitational attraction of planetesimals; they are thought to collide with each other and slowly form planets


lexentry: eng/protoplasm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protoplasm
trans_list: протопла́зма
sense:
(cytology) The entire contents of a cell comprising the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is a semi-fluid, transparent substance which is the living matter of plant and animal cells.


lexentry: eng/prototype__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prototype
trans_list: моде́ль | проо́браз | прототи́п
sense:
An original form or object which is a basis for other forms or objects (particularly manufactured items), or for its generalizations and models. [from late 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/prototype_pattern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prototype pattern
trans_list: прототип
sense:
(programming) A creational design pattern that determines the type of objects to create by a prototypical instance, which is cloned to produce new objects.


lexentry: eng/protozoan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protozoan
trans_list: [[простейший|просте́йшее]] [[живо́тное]]
sense:
(cytology) Any of the diverse group of eukaryotes, of the phylum Protozoa, that are primarily unicellular, existing singly or aggregating into colonies, are usually nonphotosynthetic, and are often classified further into phyla according to their capacity for and means of motility, as by pseudopods, flagella, or cilia.


lexentry: eng/protégé__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: protégé
trans_list: протеже́
sense:
A person who is guided and supported by an older and more experienced person (a protector or mentor).


lexentry: eng/provincial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: provincial
trans_list: провинциа́льный
sense:
Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical.


lexentry: eng/provisional__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: provisional
trans_list: вре́менный | предварительный
sense:
Temporary, but with the intention of eventually becoming permanent or being replaced by a permanent equivalent.


lexentry: eng/provitamin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: provitamin
trans_list: провитамин
sense:
(biochemistry) Any biologically inactive compound that may be converted into a vitamin within an animal organism


lexentry: eng/provost__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: provost
trans_list: пробст
sense:
(religion) The minister of the chief Protestant church of a town or region in Germany, the Low Countries, and Scandinavia.


lexentry: eng/provost__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: provost
trans_list: пробст
sense:
A mayor: the chief magistrate of a town, particularly (Scotland) the head of a burgh or (historical) the former chiefs of various towns in France, Flanders, or (by extension) other Continental European countries.


lexentry: eng/prowess__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prowess
trans_list: мастерство́ | уме́ние
sense:
(uncountable) Skillfulness or extraordinary ability in a particular area of expertise; dexterity, mastery, or proficiency.


lexentry: eng/prowl__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prowl
trans_list: ры́скать | шныря́ть
sense:
(ambitransitive) To rove over, through, or about in a stealthy manner; especially, to search in, as for prey or booty.


lexentry: eng/proxy__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: proxy
trans_list: про́кси | про́кси-се́рвер
sense:
(software) An interface for a service, especially for one that is remote, resource-intensive, or otherwise difficult to use directly.


lexentry: eng/proxy_pattern__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proxy pattern
trans_list: заместитель
sense:
(software, design) A structural design pattern that is implemented as a class functioning as an interface for a network connection, a large object in memory, a file, or some other resource that is expensive or impossible to duplicate.


lexentry: eng/proxy_server__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proxy server
trans_list: про́кси-се́рвер | се́рвер-посре́дник
sense:
(computing) A hardware server that acts as an intermediary between a user and another server, usually on the Internet.


lexentry: eng/proxy_war__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: proxy war
trans_list: опосре́дованная война́ | прокси-война
sense:
A war where two powers use third parties as a supplement to, or a substitute for, fighting each other directly.


lexentry: eng/prude__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prude
trans_list: свято́ша
sense:
A person who is or tries to be excessively proper, especially one who is easily offended by matters of a sexual nature.


lexentry: eng/prune__Verb__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: prune
trans_list: прореживать
sense:
(transitive, horticulture) To remove excess material from a tree or shrub; to trim, especially to make more healthy or productive.


lexentry: eng/pruning_shears__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pruning shears
trans_list: сека́тор
sense:
(plurale tantum) A tool consisting of two blades with bevel edges, connected by a pivot, used for gardening.


lexentry: eng/pruno__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pruno
trans_list: бра́га | бра́жка | самого́н
sense:
(US, prison slang) An improvised alcoholic drink made by fermenting whatever ingredients are available.


lexentry: eng/psalm__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: psalm
trans_list: псало́м | псалом
sense:
One of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship.


lexentry: eng/psaltery__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psaltery
trans_list: псалтерион
sense:
(musical instrument) A zither-like musical instrument consisting of a soundboard with multiple strings, played by plucking the strings with the fingers or a plectrum.


lexentry: eng/pseudo-anglicism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudo-anglicism
trans_list: псевдоанглици́зм
sense:
(linguistics) A word in a language other than English that has an English appearance but does not exist in English itself.


lexentry: eng/pseudocode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudocode
trans_list: псевдоко́д
sense:
A description of a computer programming algorithm that uses the structural conventions of programming languages but omits detailed subroutines or language-specific syntax.


lexentry: eng/pseudoephedrine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudoephedrine
trans_list: псевдоэфедри́н
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A sympathomimetic alkaloid commonly used as a decongestant; a chemical compound, an isomer of ephedrine, with the formula C10H15NO.


lexentry: eng/pseudogene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudogene
trans_list: псевдоген
sense:
(genetics) A segment of DNA that is part of the genome of an organism, and which is similar to a gene but does not code for a gene product.


lexentry: eng/pseudoneurotic_schizophrenia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudoneurotic schizophrenia
trans_list: псевдоневротическая шизофрения
sense:
(psychiatry) A postulated mental disorder categorized by the presence of two or more symptoms of mental illness such as anxiety, hysteria, and phobic or obsessive-compulsive neuroses.


lexentry: eng/pseudopod__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudopod
trans_list: ложноно́жка | псевдопо́дия
sense:
(cytology) A temporary projection of the cytoplasm of certain cells, such as phagocytes, or of certain unicellular organisms, such as amoebas, that serves in locomotion. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pseudorandom__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudorandom
trans_list: псевдослуча́йный
sense:
Of a sequence of numbers, such that it has all the properties of a random sequence following some probability distribution (except true randomness), but is actually generated using a deterministic algorithm.


lexentry: eng/pseudoscience__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudoscience
trans_list: лженау́ка | псевдонау́ка | псевдонаука
sense:
(pejorative) Any body of knowledge that purports to be scientific or to be supported by science (or may appear to be scientific) but which fails to comply with the scientific method (or rather, is not true science). [from 1796]


lexentry: eng/pseudoscorpion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pseudoscorpion
trans_list: лжескорпио́н | ложноскорпио́н
sense:
An arachnid belonging to the order Pseudoscorpiones, also known as Pseudoscorpionida or Chelonethida


lexentry: eng/psi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psi
trans_list: пси
sense:
(countable) The twenty-third letter of Classical and Modern Greek and the twenty-fifth letter of Old and Ancient Greek.


lexentry: eng/psilocybin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psilocybin
trans_list: псилоциби́н
sense:
(biochemistry) A hallucinogenic alkaloid, C12H15N2O·H2PO3, present in several species of Central American mushroom and producing effects similar to LSD. The prodrug of psilocin.


lexentry: eng/psittacosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psittacosis
trans_list: орнитоз
sense:
(disease) An infection by Chlamydia bacteria, caught from infected birds, and characterised by fever, pneumonia and headaches.


lexentry: eng/psoriasis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psoriasis
trans_list: псориа́з | псориаз
sense:
(disease) A noncontagious disease whose main symptom is gray or silvery flaky patches on the skin which are red and inflamed underneath when scratched.


lexentry: eng/psst__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psst
trans_list: тсс
sense:
(onomatopoeia) Implies that the speaker is sending secret or whispered information to another person.


lexentry: eng/psych_folk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psych folk
trans_list: психоделический фолк
sense:
(music genre) A genre of folk music influenced by psychedelic rock and possessing a dark, sinister tone.


lexentry: eng/psyched_up__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psyched up
trans_list: готовый
sense:
(idiomatic, informal) In a state of heightened mental preparedness for a difficult or hazardous enterprise, or one where success is particularly sought.


lexentry: eng/psychedelic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychedelic
trans_list: психодели́ческий | психодели́чный
sense:
Of, containing, generating, or reminiscent of drug-induced hallucinations, distortions of perception, altered awareness, etc.


lexentry: eng/psychedelic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychedelic
trans_list: психоде́лик
sense:
Any psychoactive substance (such as LSD or psilocybin) which, when consumed, causes perceptual changes (sometimes erratic and uncontrollable), visual hallucination, and altered awareness of the body and mind.


lexentry: eng/psychedelic_rock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychedelic rock
trans_list: психоделический рок
sense:
(music) A genre of rock music influenced by psychedelia, blues, jazz, folk music, electronic music and the hippie counterculture of the 1960s.


lexentry: eng/psychiatry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychiatry
trans_list: психиатри́я | психиатрия
sense:
(medicine) The branch of medicine that focuses on mental and behavioral health by subjectively diagnosing, treating, or preventing mental disorders (mental illnesses) and behavioural conditions.


lexentry: eng/psychic__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychic
trans_list: телепа́т | экстрасе́нс
sense:
A person who possesses, or appears to possess, extra-sensory abilities such as precognition, clairvoyance, and telepathy, or who appears to be susceptible to paranormal or supernatural influences.


lexentry: eng/psychical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychical
trans_list: психический
sense:
Performed by or pertaining to the psyche (the mind, spirit, or both): mental, psychic. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/psycho__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psycho
trans_list: псих
sense:
(chiefly, derogatory, slang) A person who is psychotic, psychopathic, or (broadly) otherwise insane.


lexentry: eng/psychoanalysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychoanalysis
trans_list: психоана́лиз
sense:
A family of theories and methods within the field of psychotherapy that work to find connections among patients' unconscious mental processes.


lexentry: eng/psychogenic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychogenic
trans_list: психоге́нный | психогенный
sense:
(psychiatry) Originating from or caused by state of mind; having a psychological rather than a physiological cause.


lexentry: eng/psychokinesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychokinesis
trans_list: телекине́з | психокине́з
sense:
(parapsychology) The movement of physical systems and objects by the use of psychic power. Abbreviated as PK.


lexentry: eng/psycholinguistics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psycholinguistics
trans_list: психолингви́стика
sense:
(linguistics) The interdisciplinary field of study which concerns the acquisition, comprehension and production of language in its spoken, written and signed forms, using concepts and approaches from linguistics, psychology and cognitive science.


lexentry: eng/psychological__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: psychological
trans_list: психологи́ческий | психологический
sense:
Relating to the mind and behavior or to the mental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics pertaining to a specified person, group, or activity.


lexentry: eng/psychological_warfare__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychological warfare
trans_list: психологическая война
sense:
(idiomatic) A mentally manipulative approach to warfare involving use of techniques to demoralize or intimidate someone into surrender.


lexentry: eng/psychology__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: psychology
trans_list: психоло́гия | психология
sense:
(countable) The mental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics pertaining to a specified person, group, or activity.


lexentry: eng/psychometrics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychometrics
trans_list: психометри́я
sense:
(psychology) The design of psychological tests to measure intelligence, aptitude and personality; and the analysis and interpretation of their results.


lexentry: eng/psychometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychometry
trans_list: психометри́я
sense:
(parapsychology) The paranormal ability to discover information about an object's past, and especially about its past owners, merely by handling it.


lexentry: eng/psychometry__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: psychometry
trans_list: психометри́я
sense:
(psychology) The use of psychological tests to measure intelligence, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits.


lexentry: eng/psychopath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychopath
trans_list: псих | психопа́т | психопа́тка
sense:
A person with a personality disorder indicated by a pattern of lying, cunning, manipulating, glibness, exploiting, heedlessness, arrogance, delusions of grandeur, carelessness, low self-control, disregard for morality, lack of acceptance of responsibility, callousness, and lack of empathy and remorse. Such a person may be especially prone to violent and criminal offenses.


lexentry: eng/psychopathology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychopathology
trans_list: психопатоло́гия
sense:
(medicine, pathology) The study of the origin, development, diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioural disorders.


lexentry: eng/psychopathy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychopathy
trans_list: психопа́тия | психопати́я
sense:
A personality disorder characterized by impaired empathy and remorse, and bold, disinhibited, and egocentric traits masked by superficial charm and the outward presence of apparent normality. Violent and criminal offenses may be indicative of this disorder.


lexentry: eng/psychophysics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychophysics
trans_list: психофизика
sense:
(psychology) The branch of psychology concerned with the effects of physical stimuli on mental processes.


lexentry: eng/psychosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychosis
trans_list: психо́з | психоз
sense:
(psychology) A severe mental disorder, sometimes with physical damage to the brain, marked by a deranged personality and a distorted view of reality.


lexentry: eng/psychotherapy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychotherapy
trans_list: психотерапи́я
sense:
The treatment of people diagnosed with mental and emotional disorders using dialogue and a variety of psychological techniques.


lexentry: eng/psychrometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psychrometer
trans_list: психро́метр
sense:
(meteorology) Any of several instruments used to measure the relative humidity of the atmosphere; especially a wet-and-dry-bulb hygrometer.


lexentry: eng/psytrance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: psytrance
trans_list: псай-транс
sense:
A genre of trance music characterized by hypnotic arrangements of synthetic rhythms and complex layered melodies created by high-tempo riffs.


lexentry: eng/ptarmigan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ptarmigan
trans_list: бе́лая куропа́тка | тундря́ная куропа́тка
sense:
Any of three species of small grouse in the genus Lagopus found in subarctic tundra areas of North America and Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/pteranodon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pteranodon
trans_list: птеранодо́н
sense:
A member of Pteranodon, a genus of large pterosaurs, the males of which had a bony crest on the back of the head.


lexentry: eng/pterosaur__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pterosaur
trans_list: птероза́вр
sense:
Any of several flying reptiles, of the extinct order †Pterosauria, including the pterodactyls. [from c. 1860]


lexentry: eng/pub__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pub
trans_list: бар | паб | каба́к | корчма́ | пивна́я | пивну́шка
sense:
(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) A public house where beverages, primarily alcoholic, may be bought and consumed, also providing food and sometimes entertainment such as live music or television.


lexentry: eng/public__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public
trans_list: обще́ственный | общедосту́пный
sense:
Able to be known or seen by everyone; happening without concealment; open to general view. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/public__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: public
trans_list: публи́чный | обще́ственный | откры́тый
sense:
Open to all members of a community, as opposed to only a segment of it; especially, provided by national or local authorities and supported by money from taxes. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/public__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: public
trans_list: обще́ственный | общественный
sense:
Pertaining to the people as a whole, as opposed to a group of people; concerning the whole community or country. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/public__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: public
trans_list: обще́ственный | публи́чный
sense:
Officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the government or state on behalf of the community, rather than by a private organization. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/public__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public
trans_list: обще́ственность | пу́блика | наро́д
sense:
(countable, uncountable) Chiefly preceded by the: members of the community or the people in general, regardless of membership of any particular group.


lexentry: eng/public_address_system__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public address system
trans_list: колонка
sense:
An electronic voice-amplification apparatus, usually containing a set of two loudspeakers and a central control unit, used for singing, giving a speech, play-by-play commentary at events, or broadcasting in public areas like in airports or stations.


lexentry: eng/public_domain__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public domain
trans_list: всео́бщее достоя́ние | обще́ственное достоя́ние
sense:
(specifically, law) The realm of intellectual property which is not or no longer protected by copyrights or patents, and thus over which no person can establish a proprietary interest.


lexentry: eng/public_health__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public health
trans_list: здравоохранение
sense:
The science and practice of community hygiene, which includes preventive healthcare, health education, sanitation and environmental safety.


lexentry: eng/public_history__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public history
trans_list: публи́чная исто́рия
sense:
The broad range of activities undertaken by people with some training in the discipline of history who generally work outside of specialized academic settings.


lexentry: eng/public_holiday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public holiday
trans_list: госуда́рственный пра́здник | обще́ственный пра́здник | пра́здник
sense:
A national or regional holiday from work on a specific day, usually for cultural reasons or celebrations.


lexentry: eng/public_key__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public key
trans_list: откры́тый ключ
sense:
One of the two keys used in asymmetric cryptography, which is published to others, unlike the private key.


lexentry: eng/public_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public law
trans_list: обще́ственное пра́во | публи́чное пра́во
sense:
(legal) A category of law governing the relationship between the state on the one hand and persons (citizens or legal persons including corporations) on the other. Constitutional law, administrative law and criminal law are some of the major subdivisions of public law.


lexentry: eng/public_life__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public life
trans_list: обще́ственная жизнь
sense:
The aspects of social life which occur in public, in the open, as opposed to more private social interaction within families, private clubs, etc.


lexentry: eng/public_limited_liability_company__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public limited liability company
trans_list: акционерное общество
sense:
A type or form of for-profit incorporated company where ownership is divided into shares that are publicly tradeable usually in a stock exchange.


lexentry: eng/public_office__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public office
trans_list: должность
sense:
(government) A position or occupation established by law or by the act of a government body, for the purpose of exercising the authority of the government in the service of the public.


lexentry: eng/public_property__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public property
trans_list: обще́ственная со́бственность
sense:
(law, property law) Property, assets or information directly owned by or under the control of the state.


lexentry: eng/public_relations__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public relations
trans_list: PR | пиа́р | свя́зи с обще́ственностью
sense:
The professional dissemination and management of information by a person or an organization to the public with the purpose of creating a favorable public image.


lexentry: eng/public_service_announcement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public service announcement
trans_list: социальная реклама
sense:
(broadcasting) An advertisement intended to serve the public interest by raising awareness of an issue, affecting public attitudes and potentially stimulating action.


lexentry: eng/public_transport__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: public transport
trans_list: обще́ственный тра́нспорт
sense:
(UK, AU, NZ) Any form of transport that can be used by a member of public (who usually pays a fare); as opposed to private ownership of e.g. cars.


lexentry: eng/publican__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: publican
trans_list: мы́тарь
sense:
(Ancient Rome, historical) A tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times (1st century C.E.) who was generally regarded as sinful for extorting more tax than was due, and as a traitor for serving the Roman Empire.


lexentry: eng/publicist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: publicist
trans_list: [[специали́ст]]/[[аге́нт]] по [[печать|печа́ти]] и [[реклама|рекла́ме]]
sense:
A person whose job is to publicize information or events; a publicity agent; a public relations agent or worker


lexentry: eng/pucker_up__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pucker up
trans_list: вытя́гивать губки | мо́рщиться
sense:
(ambitransitive) To contract a facial feature so as to form wrinkles; used especially of the lips when whistling or kissing.


lexentry: eng/pudding__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pudding
trans_list: пу́динг | пудинг
sense:
A type of dessert that has a texture similar to custard or mousse but using some kind of starch as the thickening agent.


lexentry: eng/puddle__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: puddle
trans_list: обма́зка
sense:
A homogeneous mixture of clay, water, and sometimes grit, used to line a canal or pond to make it watertight. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/puddle_jumper__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puddle jumper
trans_list: кукурузник
sense:
(idiomatic) A small passenger airplane, typically used for shorter connecting trips to smaller airports.


lexentry: eng/pudu__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pudu
trans_list: пуду́
sense:
A very small South American deer of the genus Pudu (in some classifications divided to Pudu and Pudella), native to the Andes.


lexentry: eng/puff__Noun__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: puff
trans_list: профитроль
sense:
(dated, slang) A puffer, one who is employed by the owner or seller of goods sold at auction to bid up the price; an act or scam of that type.


lexentry: eng/puff_pastry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puff pastry
trans_list: слоёное те́сто | сло́йка
sense:
A light, flaky pastry that is made of alternating buttery and floury dough layers by repeatedly folding the rolled pastry into many layers.


lexentry: eng/puff_piece__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puff piece
trans_list: джинса́ | заказу́ха
sense:
(journalism, publishing, informal) A journalistic form of puffery; an article or story of exaggerated praise that often ignores or downplays opposing viewpoints or evidence to the contrary.


lexentry: eng/puff_up__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: puff up
trans_list: наду́ться | надува́ться | нахо́хливаться | нахо́хлиться
sense:
(transitive, intransitive) To fluff up, such as an animal raising its fur or feathers to appear larger or conserve body heat.


lexentry: eng/puffball__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puffball
trans_list: де́душкин таба́к | дождеви́к
sense:
Any of various fungi that produce a cloud of brown dust-like spores from their mature fruiting bodies.


lexentry: eng/pufferfish__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pufferfish
trans_list: фу́гу
sense:
(uncountable) The meat of these fish, a delicacy popular in Japan served raw as sushi that may, if improperly prepared, contain deadly levels of neurotoxins; (Japanese) fugu.


lexentry: eng/puffin__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: puffin
trans_list: топо́рик | ту́пик
sense:
The Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) or (by extension) any of the other various small seabirds of the genera Fratercula and Lunda that are black and white with a brightly-coloured beak. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/pug__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pug
trans_list: мопс
sense:
In full pug dog: a small dog of an ancient breed originating in China, having a snub nose, wrinkled face, squarish body, short smooth hair, and curled tail. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/pukka__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pukka
trans_list: и́стинный | настоя́щий | по́длинный
sense:
(originally, South Asia) Genuine or authentic; hence of behaviour: correct, socially acceptable or proper.


lexentry: eng/pull-up__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pull-up
trans_list: подтя́гивание
sense:
An exercise done for strengthening the arms and back in which one lifts one's own weight while hanging from a bar. Palms may be facing in any direction.


lexentry: eng/pull__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pull
trans_list: потащи́ть | потяну́ть | тащи́ть | тяну́ть | тяга́ть
sense:
(transitive, intransitive) To apply a force to (an object) so that it comes toward the person or thing applying the force.


lexentry: eng/pull_in__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pull in
trans_list: тащить
sense:
(idiomatic, transitive) To arrest someone; to take someone to a police station because they may have done something.


lexentry: eng/pull_oneself_together__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pull oneself together
sense:
(idiomatic, reflexive) To become mentally focused after a period of being unfocused; to regain control of oneself

trans_list:
брать себя́ в ру́ки | взять себя́ в ру́ки | прийти́ в себя́ | приходи́ть в себя́ | собира́ться | собра́ться


lexentry: eng/pull_out_of_one's_ass__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pull out of one's ass
trans_list: брать с потолка́ | взять с потолка́ | вы́сосать из па́льца | выса́сывать из па́льца
sense:
(idiomatic, vulgar, transitive) To fabricate (a factual-sounding claim) from no factual basis or evidence.


lexentry: eng/pull_over__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pull over
trans_list: арестовать
sense:
(transitive) To command or force someone to drive their vehicle to the side of the road or curb and come to a stop.


lexentry: eng/pull_someone's_leg__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pull someone's leg
trans_list: дразни́ть | насмеха́ться | подка́лывать | прика́лываться
sense:
(idiomatic) To tease someone; to lead someone on; to goad someone into overreacting. It usually implies teasing or goading by jokingly lying.


lexentry: eng/pull_strings__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pull strings
trans_list: заправлять
sense:
(intransitive, idiomatic, often with “the” or a possessive adjective (such as “his”) before “strings”, pull one's strings) To control a person, organization, or situation by operating behind the scenes, as a puppeteer controls a marionette.


lexentry: eng/pulley__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulley
trans_list: блок | шкив
sense:
(engineering, countable) One of the simple machines; a sheave, a wheel with a grooved rim, in which a pulled rope or chain lifts an object (more useful when two or more pulleys are used together, as in a block and tackle arrangement, such that a small force moving through a greater distance can exert a larger force through a smaller distance).


lexentry: eng/pullover__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pullover
trans_list: пуло́вер | сви́тер
sense:
A sweater that must be put on by pulling it over the head; a sweater without buttons or a zipper in front.


lexentry: eng/pullover__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pullover
trans_list: пулло́вер
sense:
(weightlifting) An exercise performed lying on the back in which the arms are extended behind the head and exertion lifts the weight above the head.


lexentry: eng/pulmonary_alveolus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulmonary alveolus
trans_list: легочная альвеола
sense:
(anatomy) A small air sac in the lungs, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood.


lexentry: eng/pulmonary_tuberculosis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulmonary tuberculosis
trans_list: чахо́тка | туберкулёз
sense:
(pathology) The most common form of active tuberculosis (TB) infecting the lungs, generally caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


lexentry: eng/pulpit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulpit
trans_list: ка́федра | кафедра
sense:
(Christianity) A raised platform in a church, usually enclosed, where the minister or preacher stands when giving the sermon.


lexentry: eng/pulpitis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulpitis
trans_list: пульпит
sense:
(dentistry) A reversible or irreversible inflammation of the tooth pulp which is in most cases of endodontic origin but can also be of periodontal origin too. It can lead to apical periodontitis, cysts and tooth loss if not treated.


lexentry: eng/pulse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulse
trans_list: пульс
sense:
A normally regular beat felt when arteries near the skin (for example, at the neck or wrist) are depressed, caused by the heart pumping blood through them.


lexentry: eng/pulse__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: pulse
trans_list: ритм
sense:
(music, prosody) The beat or tactus of a piece of music or verse; also, a repeated sequence of such beats.


lexentry: eng/pulse_oximetry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pulse oximetry
trans_list: пульсоксиметрия
sense:
(medicine) A noninvasive method allowing the monitoring of the oxygenation of a patient's hemoglobin, using a sensor placed on a thin part of the patient's anatomy, usually a fingertip or earlobe.


lexentry: eng/pulsejet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (aeronautics) a valved jet engine where combustion occurs in pulses, as used in the V-1 flying bomb
written_rep: pulsejet
trans_list:
[[пульси́рующий]] [[воздушный|возду́шно]]-[[реакти́вный]] [[дви́гатель]] | воздушно-реактивный двигатель


lexentry: eng/pulverise__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
sense: (intransitive) To become reduced to powder; to fall to dust.
written_rep: pulverise
trans_list:
[[превраща́ть]] в [[порошо́к]] | [[превраща́ться]] в [[порошо́к]] | дроби́ть | измельча́ть | распыля́ть


lexentry: eng/pumice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pumice
trans_list: пе́мза | пемза
sense:
A light, porous type of pyroclastic igneous rock, formed during explosive volcanic eruptions when liquid lava is ejected into water or air as a froth containing masses of gas bubbles, which are frozen into the rock as the lava solidifies.


lexentry: eng/pump__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pump
trans_list: кача́ть | нака́чивать | накача́ть
sense:
(transitive, intransitive) To use a pump; to move (water or other liquid) by means of a pump. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pumpkin_pie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pumpkin pie
trans_list: ты́квенный пиро́г
sense:
(cooking) A sweet pie made from the flesh of pumpkins and traditionally served as a dessert on Thanksgiving.


lexentry: eng/pun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pun
trans_list: игра́ слов | каламбу́р
sense:
A joke or type of wordplay in which similar definitions or sounds of two words or phrases, or different definitions of the same word, are deliberately confused.


lexentry: eng/punch__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punch
trans_list: ке́рнер
sense:
(countable) A device, generally slender and round, used for creating holes in thin material, for driving an object through a hole in a containing object, or to stamp or emboss a mark or design on a surface.


lexentry: eng/punch_above_one's_weight__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punch above one's weight
trans_list: пры́гнуть вы́ше головы́
sense:
(idiomatic) To (attempt to) achieve or perform at a higher level than would be expected based on one's preparation, attributes, rank, or past accomplishments.


lexentry: eng/punch_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punch card
trans_list: перфока́рта
sense:
A card that can have holes or notches cut in it, especially one for storing data, that can be sorted according to combinations of holes present or absent.


lexentry: eng/punch_line__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punch line
trans_list: соль
sense:
The final part of a joke; the word, sentence, or exchange of sentences that is intended to be funny and provokes laughter from the listeners.


lexentry: eng/punching_bag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punching bag
trans_list: боксёрская гру́ша | боксёрский мешо́к
sense:
A tough bag, usually cylindrical, filled with air, sand, or other material, often suspended so that it swings freely, which is punched or kicked when practising sports such as boxing or martial arts.


lexentry: eng/punctuation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punctuation
trans_list: зна́ки препина́ния | препина́ние | пунктуа́ция
sense:
A set of symbols and marks which are used to clarify meaning in text by separating strings of words into clauses, phrases and sentences; examples include commas, hyphens, and stops (periods).


lexentry: eng/punctuation_mark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punctuation mark
trans_list: знак препина́ния | знак препинания
sense:
Any of various symbols used in writing and printing to indicate pauses, divisions, etc. and to aid the reader in understanding what is written.


lexentry: eng/pundit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pundit
trans_list: знато́к | специали́ст | учёный муж | экспе́рт
sense:
An expert in a particular field, especially as called upon to provide comment or opinion in the media; a commentator, a critic. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pundit__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pundit
trans_list: панди́т
sense:
A learned person in India; someone with knowledge of Sanskrit, philosophy, religion and law; a Hindu scholar. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/pungent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pungent
trans_list: е́дкий | о́стрый
sense:
Having a strong taste that stings the tongue; said especially of hot (spicy) food, which has a strong and sharp or bitter taste.


lexentry: eng/punk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punk
trans_list: опущенный | петух
sense:
(US, LGBT, prison slang) : a man forced or coerced into a homosexual relationship, especially in prison. [1946]


lexentry: eng/punk__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: punk
trans_list: панк
sense:
(countable) Short for punk rocker, a musician known for playing punk rock or a fan of the genre. [1976]


lexentry: eng/punkah__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punkah
trans_list: опаха́ло | панкха́
sense:
(South Asia, Myanmar) A fan, especially made of leaf or cloth and hung from the ceiling; in the past often operated by a servant.


lexentry: eng/punnet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punnet
trans_list: корзина
sense:
(UK, Irish, Commonwealth) A small basket or receptacle for collecting and selling fruit, particularly strawberries.


lexentry: eng/punt__Verb__3
sense_num: 02
written_rep: punt
trans_list: рисковать | ставить
sense:
(Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, UK) To stake against the bank, to back a horse, to gamble or take a chance more generally


lexentry: eng/punt_gun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: punt gun
trans_list: у́точница
sense:
(chiefly, historical) A very large shotgun used in the 19th and early 20th centuries for shooting large numbers of waterfowl for commercial harvesting operations and private sport.


lexentry: eng/pupil__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pupil
trans_list: зрачо́к | зени́ца | зрачок
sense:
(anatomy) The hole in the middle of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to be focused on the retina.


lexentry: eng/puppet_army__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puppet army
trans_list: марионе́точная а́рмия
sense:
An army that an invading country forms by recruiting people from already-occupied areas of the country being invaded.


lexentry: eng/puppet_show__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puppet show
trans_list: ку́кольный теа́тр
sense:
A show, theatrical performance, in which the parts are played by puppets impersonating human or other characters


lexentry: eng/purchase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purchase
trans_list: ку́пля-прода́жа | поку́пка
sense:
The acquisition of title to, or property in, anything for a price; buying for money or its equivalent.


lexentry: eng/purchase__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: purchase
trans_list: [[добытый|добы́тая]] вещь | приобрете́ние
sense:
That which is obtained, got or acquired, in any manner, honestly or dishonestly; property; possession; acquisition.


lexentry: eng/purchase__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: purchase
trans_list: подъёмник
sense:
(uncountable, also, figuratively) Any mechanical hold or advantage, applied to the raising or removing of heavy bodies, as by a lever, a tackle or capstan.


lexentry: eng/purchase__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: purchase
trans_list: подъёмник
sense:
The apparatus, tackle or device by which such mechanical advantage is gained and (in nautical terminology) the ratio of such a device, like a pulley, or block and tackle.


lexentry: eng/purchase__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: purchase
trans_list: покупать
sense:
To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; to raise or move by mechanical means.


lexentry: eng/purchase_order__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purchase order
trans_list: зака́з на поку́пку
sense:
(business) A commercial order issued by a buyer (purchaser) to a seller, and the document that defines it, indicating the type, quantities, and agreed prices for products or services the seller will provide to the buyer.


lexentry: eng/purchasing_power_parity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purchasing power parity
trans_list: паритет покупательной способности
sense:
(economics) A theory of long-term equilibrium exchange rates based on relative price levels of two countries.


lexentry: eng/purdah__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: purdah
trans_list: парда | пурда
sense:
(uncountable) The situation or system of secluding women from the gaze of people, particularly men and strangers, in some Muslim and Hindu traditions, by using a curtain or screen, and/or wearing a face veil or attire covering most of the body. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/puritan__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puritan
trans_list: пурита́нский
sense:
(usually, pejorative) Acting or behaving according to the Puritan morals (e.g. propagating modesty), especially with regard to pleasure, nudity and sex; ascetic.


lexentry: eng/puritanical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: puritanical
trans_list: пуританский | строгий
sense:
Precise in observance of legal or religious requirements; strict; overscrupulous; rigid (often used by way of reproach or contempt).


lexentry: eng/purloin__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purloin
trans_list: присва́ивать
sense:
(transitive, usually, formal, or, humorous) To take the property of another, often in breach of trust; to appropriate wrongfully; to steal.


lexentry: eng/purple__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: purple
trans_list: пу́рпурный | пурпу́рный | фиоле́товый
sense:
(US politics) Not predominantly red or blue, but having a mixture of Democrat and Republican support.


lexentry: eng/purple__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: purple
trans_list: пурпу́рный | пурпу́ровый | фиоле́товый
sense:
(colour theory) Any non-spectral colour on the line of purples on a colour chromaticity diagram or a colour wheel between violet and red.


lexentry: eng/purple__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: purple
trans_list: пу́рпур
sense:
Cloth, or a garment, dyed a purple colour; especially, a purple robe, worn as an emblem of rank or authority; specifically, the purple robe or mantle worn by Ancient Roman emperors as the emblem of imperial dignity.


lexentry: eng/purple__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: purple
trans_list: багря́нка
sense:
Any of various species of mollusks from which Tyrian purple dye was obtained, especially the common dog whelk.


lexentry: eng/purple_emperor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purple emperor
trans_list: перели́вница больша́я | перели́вница иво́вая | ра́дужница больша́я иво́вая
sense:
A large, dark brown and white (female), or purple and white (male) butterfly, Apatura iris, of the family Nymphalidae.


lexentry: eng/purple_hairstreak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purple hairstreak
trans_list: зефи́р дубо́вый | хвоста́тка дубо́вая
sense:
A small, brown (female) or purple (male) butterfly, of species Quercusia quercus (syn. Neozephyrus quercus), of the family Lycaenidae


lexentry: eng/purple_heron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purple heron
trans_list: ры́жая ца́пля
sense:
A wading bird, Ardea purpurea, having reddish-brown plumage and found throughout southern Europe and Asia.


lexentry: eng/purpure__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purpure
trans_list: [[пу́рпурный]] (цвет)
sense:
(tincture) A purple colour on a coat of arms, represented in engraving by diagonal parallel lines 45 degrees clockwise.


lexentry: eng/purser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: purser
trans_list: казначей
sense:
The person responsible for handling the accounts on a ship, or for dealing with the passengers on a ship or aircraft.


lexentry: eng/pursue__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pursue
trans_list: пресле́довать | гна́ться
sense:
(ambitransitive) To follow urgently, originally with intent to capture or harm; to chase. [from 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/pursue__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: pursue
trans_list: занима́ться
sense:
(transitive) To participate in (an activity, business etc.); to practise, follow (a profession). [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/pus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pus
trans_list: гной
sense:
(medicine, pathology) A whitish-yellow or yellow substance composed primarily of dead white blood cells and dead pyogenic bacteria, normally found in regions of bacterial infection.


lexentry: eng/push-up__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: push-up
trans_list: отжима́ние
sense:
An exercise done to improve upper body strength, performed by resting on one's toes and hands and pushing one's weight off the floor.


lexentry: eng/push__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: push
trans_list: толка́ть | пиха́ть | пихну́ть | толкну́ть
sense:
(transitive, intransitive) To apply a force to (an object) such that it moves away from the person or thing applying the force.


lexentry: eng/push_away__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: push away
trans_list: отта́лкивать | оттолкну́ть
sense:
(figurative) To reject intimacy; to reject friendship or romance; to refuse to accept or think about (something unpleasant).


lexentry: eng/pushover__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pushover
trans_list: слаба́к
sense:
Someone who is easy to push around and to take advantage of; someone who lets themselves be picked on or bullied without defending or standing up for themselves.


lexentry: eng/pusillanimity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pusillanimity
trans_list: малоду́шие
sense:
The quality or state of being pusillanimous; the vice of being timid and cowardly, and thus not living up to one's full potential; pusillanimousness.


lexentry: eng/pussy__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: pussy
trans_list: ки́са | ко́шечка | тёлочка | цы́почка
sense:
(colloquial, affectionate, now, _, rare) A woman or girl, seen as having characteristics associated with cats such as sweetness. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/pussywhipped__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pussywhipped
trans_list: под башмако́м | под каблуко́м | подкаблу́чник
sense:
(slang, vulgar, of a man) Submissive to or dominated by one's wife or other female partner, frequently with the connotation that this submissive behavior is for the prospect of sex.


lexentry: eng/put_aside__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: put aside
trans_list: опускать
sense:
(transitive) To ignore or intentionally disregard (something), temporarily or permanently, so that more important things can occupy one's attention.


lexentry: eng/put_one's_best_foot_forward__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put one's best foot forward
trans_list: показа́ть себя́ с лучше́й стороны́
sense:
(idiomatic) To show oneself in the best or most positive way possible; to make a favorable impression.


lexentry: eng/put_one's_cards_on_the_table__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put one's cards on the table
trans_list: раскры́ть ка́рты
sense:
(idiomatic) To reveal one's true intentions, beliefs, feelings, or other previously concealed facts about one's situation; to speak frankly.


lexentry: eng/put_one's_foot_in_one's_mouth__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put one's foot in one's mouth
trans_list: оговори́ться | сморо́зить глу́пость
sense:
(idiomatic) To misspeak; to say something embarrassing or wrong, or to make a mistake in public, or a social blunder, that is embarrassing or offensive.


lexentry: eng/put_one's_house_in_order__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put one's house in order
trans_list: убирать
sense:
(literal) To clean and arrange in an orderly manner the furnishings and other contents of one's house.


lexentry: eng/put_oneself_in_someone's_shoes__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put oneself in someone's shoes
trans_list: поста́вить себя́ на ме́сто
sense:
(figuratively) To try to look at a situation from a different point of view; as if one were the other person; to empathise.


lexentry: eng/put_someone_under__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put someone under
trans_list: давать наркоз
sense:
(idiomatic) To anesthetize someone or render them unconscious through the use of narcotic substances, usually either alcohol or pharmaceutical drugs.


lexentry: eng/put_that_in_your_pipe_and_smoke_it__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put that in your pipe and smoke it
trans_list: заруби себе́ на носу
sense:
(idiomatic, colloquial, pejorative) Used after stating something surprising or undesired, to emphasize its truth. Also used after refuting an argument. Sometimes an adjective is inserted before pipe.


lexentry: eng/put_the_cart_before_the_horse__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put the cart before the horse
trans_list: начина́ть не с того́ конца́ | ста́вить теле́гу впереди́ ло́шади
sense:
(idiomatic) To put things in the wrong order or with the wrong priorities; to put something inconsequential as more important than something more essential.


lexentry: eng/put_the_make_on__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: put the make on
trans_list: ухаживать
sense:
(informal, transitive) To pursue with romantic interest, especially in an aggressive, sexually suggestive manner.


lexentry: eng/putrefaction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: putrefaction
trans_list: гние́ние
sense:
The act of causing to rot; the anaerobic splitting of proteins by bacteria and fungi with the formation of malodorous, incompletely oxidized products.


lexentry: eng/putto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: putto
trans_list: пу́тто
sense:
(art) A representation, especially in Renaissance or Baroque art, of a small, naked, often winged (usually male) child; a cherub.


lexentry: eng/puukko__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puukko
trans_list: пу́укко | фи́нка | фи́нский нож
sense:
A type of sharp, pointed knife of Nordic heritage, with a short blade and flat back; normally worn in a sheath on the waist, and used for woodcrafts or as a hunting knife.


lexentry: eng/puzzle_box__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: puzzle box
trans_list: шкатулка с секретом
sense:
A box that cannot be opened by the usual obvious means, and therefore challenges a person to find the correct way to open it.


lexentry: eng/pyaemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyaemia
trans_list: гноекровие
sense:
(pathology) A type of septicemia caused usually by the presence of Staphylococcus bacteria in the bloodstream; characterised by metastatic abscesses and other symptoms associated with septicemia.


lexentry: eng/pygmy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pygmy
trans_list: пигме́й
sense:
(often, _, capitalized) A member of one of various Ancient Equatorial African tribal peoples, notable for their very short stature.


lexentry: eng/pygmy_hippopotamus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pygmy hippopotamus
trans_list: ка́рликовый бегемо́т | ка́рликовый гиппопота́м | либери́йский ка́рликовый бегемо́т
sense:
A large four-toed, four-legged mammal native to western Africa of species Choeropsis liberiensis (syn. Hexaprotodon liberiensis), similar to but half the height of the common hippopotamus.


lexentry: eng/pykrete__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pykrete
trans_list: пайкери́т | пайкри́т
sense:
A solid substance made of water ice and sawdust, stronger than pure ice. Originally to be used in combination with a refrigeration system as hull material for warships. Used as a building material for ice buildings (such as winter ice hotels) and ice sculptures, usually without the originally envisioned embedded refrigeration systems.


lexentry: eng/pylon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: pylon
trans_list: опо́ра | пило́н
sense:
(electricity) A tower-like structure, usually one of a series, used to support high-voltage electricity cables.


lexentry: eng/pylon__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: pylon
trans_list: каба́нчик
sense:
(aviation) A structure used to mount engines, missiles etc., to the underside of an aircraft wing or fuselage.


lexentry: eng/pylorus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pylorus
trans_list: привратник желудка
sense:
(anatomy, biology) In vertebrates, including humans, a zone at the lower end of the stomach that leads to and opens into the duodenum.


lexentry: eng/pyramid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyramid
trans_list: пирами́да | пирамида
sense:
An ancient massive construction with a square or rectangular base and four triangular sides meeting in an apex, such as those built as tombs in Egypt or as bases for temples in Mesoamerica.


lexentry: eng/pyramid__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: pyramid
trans_list: пирами́да | пирамида
sense:
(geometry) A solid with triangular lateral faces and a polygonal (often square or rectangular) base.


lexentry: eng/pyramid_scheme__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyramid scheme
trans_list: финансовая пирами́да
sense:
An illicit money-making investment scheme whereby early investors are paid primarily or wholly by later investors. Eventually all such schemes fail to the detriment of recent (later) investors.


lexentry: eng/pyranose__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyranose
trans_list: пираноза
sense:
(chemistry) any cyclic hemiacetal form of a monosaccharide having a six-membered ring (based on tetrahydropyran)


lexentry: eng/pyrargyrite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrargyrite
trans_list: пираргирит
sense:
(mineral) A sulfosalt mineral used as a silver ore; it is dark red or black in color with a metallic adamantine luster, a sulfide of antimony and silver, Ag3SbS3, and occurs in rhombohedral crystals.


lexentry: eng/pyrex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrex
trans_list: пирекс
sense:
A kind of heat-resistant borosilicate glass, made by mixing a high concentration of boron oxides into the molten glass to reduce its thermal expansion coefficient.


lexentry: eng/pyridine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyridine
trans_list: пириди́н
sense:
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of five carbon atoms and a nitrogen atom; especially the simplest one, C5H5N.


lexentry: eng/pyrite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrite
trans_list: пири́т | пирит
sense:
(mineral) The common mineral iron disulfide (FeS2), of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system.


lexentry: eng/pyrochlore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrochlore
trans_list: пирохлор
sense:
(mineral) A mineral whose composition is that of a mixed niobate mostly of sodium, calcium and cerium, (Na,Ca)2Nb2O6(OH,F).


lexentry: eng/pyroclastic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyroclastic
trans_list: пирокластический
sense:
(vulcanology) Mostly composed of rock fragments of volcanic origin or comminuted during an eruption.


lexentry: eng/pyroclastic_flow__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyroclastic flow
trans_list: пирокласти́ческий пото́к
sense:
(volcanology) A dense flow of volcanic ash, dust, rocks and debris that cascades at high speed down the slope of a volcano during an eruption.


lexentry: eng/pyrography__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrography
trans_list: пирогра́фия
sense:
The freehanded art of decorating wood, leather or other materials with burn marks (resulting in surface burned designs) from the controlled application of a heated object or tool such as a poker.


lexentry: eng/pyrokinesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrokinesis
trans_list: пирокине́з
sense:
(parapsychology, fantasy, science fiction) The ability to set objects or people on fire or to supernaturally project fire from one's own being through the concentration of psychic power.


lexentry: eng/pyroligneous_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyroligneous acid
trans_list: древесноу́ксусная кислота́
sense:
(carboxylic acid) A dark liquid, produced by destructive distillation of wood; containing acetic acid, methanol, oils and tars; once used as a commercial source of acetic acid.


lexentry: eng/pyrolysis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrolysis
trans_list: пиро́лиз
sense:
(physical chemistry) The decomposition of a material or compound due to heat, in the absence of oxygen or other reagents.


lexentry: eng/pyromania__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyromania
trans_list: пирома́ния | пиромания
sense:
(psychology) A compulsive disorder characterized by obsession with fire or uncontrollable urges to start fires.


lexentry: eng/pyrope__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrope
trans_list: пиро́п
sense:
(mineral) A variety of garnet, of a poppy or blood-red color, frequently with a tinge of orange. It is used as a gemstone.


lexentry: eng/pyrotechnist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrotechnist
trans_list: пироте́хник
sense:
(dated) A pyrotechnician: person skilled in the manufacture or setting off of fireworks and firework displays.


lexentry: eng/pyroxene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyroxene
trans_list: пироксе́н | пироксен
sense:
(mineral) Any of a group of crystalline minerals containing silicates of iron, magnesium and calcium.


lexentry: eng/pyroxenite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyroxenite
trans_list: пироксени́т
sense:
(geology) A heavy, dark igneous rock consisting mostly of pyroxene minerals with smaller amounts of olivine and hornblende.


lexentry: eng/pyrrole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyrrole
trans_list: пиррол
sense:
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of four carbon atoms and a nitrogen atom; especially the simplest one, C4H5N. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/pyx__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: pyx
trans_list: дароносица
sense:
(Roman Catholicism, also, figurative) A small, usually round container used to hold the host, especially when bringing communion to the sick or others unable to attend Mass.


lexentry: eng/qanun__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: qanun
trans_list: кано́н
sense:
(musical instrument) A Near Eastern and Caucasian musical instrument related to the zither, dulcimer, or harp having either 26 strings and a single bridge, or 42 strings and two bridges.


lexentry: eng/qibla__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: qibla
trans_list: ки́бла | кы́бла
sense:
(Islam) The direction in which Muslims face while praying, currently determined as the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca.


lexentry: eng/qigong__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: qigong
trans_list: цигу́н
sense:
(fitness, alternative medicine) A Chinese system of breathing control, physical exercise and meditation. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/qilin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: qilin
trans_list: цили́нь
sense:
A mythical Chinese hooved chimerical creature, said to appear in conjunction with the arrival of a sage.


lexentry: eng/qishlaq__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: qishlaq
trans_list: кишла́к
sense:
A rural settlement (originally for the winter period) of seminomadic Turkic peoples of Central Asia, Azerbaijan and Afghanistan.


lexentry: eng/quack__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quack
trans_list: шарлата́н
sense:
(pejorative) A fraudulent healer, especially a bombastic peddler in worthless treatments, a doctor who makes false diagnoses for monetary benefit, or an untrained or poorly trained doctor who uses fraudulent credentials to attract patients [from c. 1630]


lexentry: eng/quacksalver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quacksalver
trans_list: шарлата́н
sense:
(archaic) One falsely claiming to possess medical or other skills, especially one who dispenses potions, ointments, etc., supposedly having curative powers; a quack. [from c. 1570]


lexentry: eng/quad_bike__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quad bike
trans_list: мотовездеход
sense:
A small off-road four-wheeled powered vehicle, especially of a design derived from a motorcycle, usually used for recreation or farm work.


lexentry: eng/quadratic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quadratic
trans_list: квадра́тный
sense:
(mathematics) Of a polynomial, equation or function, second-degree: involving the second power (square) of a variable but no higher powers, as ax^2 + bx + c.


lexentry: eng/quadratic_equation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadratic equation
trans_list: квадра́тное уравне́ние
sense:
(algebra) A polynomial equation of the second degree; an equation that can be rearranged in standard form as ax^2 + bx + c = 0, where x is an unknown value, and a, b, and c are known numbers, where a does not equal zero.


lexentry: eng/quadrature__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: quadrature
trans_list: квадрату́ра
sense:
(astronomy) A situation in which the directions of two celestial bodies (or a celestial body and the Sun) form a right angle from the perspective of the observer.


lexentry: eng/quadrature_amplitude_modulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadrature amplitude modulation
trans_list: квадрату́рная амплиту́дная манипуля́ция
sense:
(radio) A modulation scheme that conveys data by applying amplitude modulation to two carrier waves at once. These two waves, usually sinusoids, are out of phase with each other by 90° and are thus called quadrature carriers. Commonly abbreviated QAM.


lexentry: eng/quadravigesimal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadravigesimal
trans_list: квадридцатеричная система
sense:
(arithmetic, computing, uncountable) A number system with base twenty-24, using the digits 0–9 and A–N (or Greek α-ω without numerals).


lexentry: eng/quadriceps_femoris__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadriceps femoris
trans_list: квадрицепс
sense:
(anatomy) A group of four thigh muscles, including the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis muscles.


lexentry: eng/quadriga__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quadriga
trans_list: квадри́га
sense:
(historical) A team of four horses, or sometimes other animals, especially as used in chariot racing.


lexentry: eng/quadrille__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadrille
trans_list: кадри́ль
sense:
(dance) A dance originating in the mid-1700s with four couples forming a square, rather much like the modern square dance.


lexentry: eng/quadrillion__Numeral__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadrillion
trans_list: квадриллио́н
sense:
(US, modern British and Australian, short scale) A thousand trillion (logic: 1,000 × 1,0004): 1 followed by fifteen zeros, 1015.


lexentry: eng/quadrillion__Numeral__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quadrillion
trans_list: септиллио́н
sense:
(dated, UK, Australia, long scale) A million trillion (logic: 1,000,0004): 1 followed by twenty-four zeros, 1024.


lexentry: eng/quadrobics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadrobics
trans_list: квадро́бика | квадро́бинг
sense:
Physical actions, movements, and exercises performed by an individual on all fours to mimic those of an animal.


lexentry: eng/quadruple_star__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadruple star
trans_list: четверна́я звезда́
sense:
(star) Four stars which form a stellar system, such that they orbit the point of equilibrium of their gravitational fields; a quadruple star system.


lexentry: eng/quadruplet__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quadruplet
trans_list: четверня
sense:
One of a group of four, particularly one of four babies born from the same mother during the same birth.


lexentry: eng/quadrupole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quadrupole
trans_list: квадрупо́ль
sense:
(physics) A distribution of either electric charge or magnetization equivalent to two dipoles that point in opposite directions.


lexentry: eng/quaff__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quaff
sense:
To drink or imbibe with vigour or relish; to drink copiously; to swallow in large draughts. [from mid-16th c.]

trans_list:
[[осуши́ть]] [[залп|за́лпом]] | глота́ть | глотну́ть | загла́тывать | пивну́ть | пить [[залп|за́лпом]]


lexentry: eng/quagga__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quagga
trans_list: ква́гга
sense:
A southern-African subspecies of plains zebra, Equus quagga quagga, which went extinct in 1883. The upper parts of the animal were reddish brown, becoming paler behind and beneath, while the face, neck, and fore part of the body were marked by dark stripes.


lexentry: eng/quail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quail
trans_list: пе́репел | перепел
sense:
Any of various small game birds of the genera Coturnix, Anurophasis or Perdicula in the Old World family Phasianidae or of the New World family Odontophoridae.


lexentry: eng/quaking_grass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quaking grass
trans_list: трясу́нка | трясунка
sense:
Any of the genus Briza of annual and perennial grasses, whose flowers and seedheads shake on their stalks in the slightest breeze.


lexentry: eng/qualification__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: qualification
trans_list: квалифика́ция | квалификация
sense:
An ability or attribute that aids someone's chances of qualifying for something; specifically, completed professional training. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/qualification__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: qualification
trans_list: дипло́м | сертифика́т
sense:
(UK) A certificate, diploma, or degree awarded after successful completion of a course, training, or exam.


lexentry: eng/qualify__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: qualify
trans_list: ограни́чивать | уточня́ть
sense:
To modify, limit, restrict or moderate something; especially to add conditions or requirements for an assertion to be true.


lexentry: eng/quality__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: quality
trans_list: надёжность | качество
sense:
(uncountable) The degree to which a man-made object or system is free from bugs and flaws, as opposed to scope of functions or quantity of items.


lexentry: eng/quality_control__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quality control
trans_list: контро́ль ка́чества
sense:
A control, such as inspection or testing, introduced into an industrial or business process to ensure quality.


lexentry: eng/qualm__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: qualm
trans_list: угрызе́ния со́вести
sense:
(now, negative polarity) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/quandary__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quandary
trans_list: затрудне́ние | затруднительное положе́ние | недоуме́ние
sense:
A state of not knowing what to decide; a state of difficulty or perplexity; a state of uncertainty, hesitation or puzzlement.


lexentry: eng/quango__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quango
sense:
(UK, government, often, derogatory) An organization that, although financed by a government, acts independently of it.

trans_list:
квазиавтономная неправительственная организа́ция | кванго | полуавтономная неправительственная организа́ция


lexentry: eng/quantifier__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quantifier
trans_list: квантор
sense:
(logic) An operator, such as the universal quantifier (written as ∀) or the existential quantifier (∃), used in predicate calculus to indicate the degree that predicate is true for a specified set.


lexentry: eng/quantify__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: quantify
trans_list: квантифици́ровать
sense:
(logic) To relate a statement (called a predicate) to a given set using a quantifier—either for all (denoted ∀) or there exists (denoted ∃).


lexentry: eng/quantile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantile
trans_list: кванти́ль
sense:
(statistics) One of the class of values of a variate which divides the members of a batch or sample into equal-sized subgroups of adjacent values or a probability distribution into distributions of equal probability.


lexentry: eng/quantitative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: quantitative
trans_list: коли́чественный | количественный
sense:
(chemistry) Of a form of analysis that determines the amount of some element or compound in a sample


lexentry: eng/quantitative_easing__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantitative easing
trans_list: коли́чественное смягче́ние
sense:
(economics) A monetary policy in which the central bank increases the money supply in the banking system, as by purchasing bonds from banks.


lexentry: eng/quantitative_research__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantitative research
trans_list: количественное исследование
sense:
The systematic scientific investigation of quantitative properties and phenomena and their relationships, using statistical methods.


lexentry: eng/quantity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: quantity
trans_list: коли́чество | количество
sense:
A fundamental, generic term used when referring to the measurement (count, amount) of a scalar, vector, number of items or to some other way of denominating the value of a collection or group of items.


