# translation

lexentry: eng/Machów__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Machów
trans_list: Machów
sense:
Formerly a village, since 1976 a southern district of the city of Tarnobrzeg, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship of southeastern Poland.


lexentry: eng/Madagascar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Madagascar
trans_list: Madagaskar
sense:
An island and country off the east coast of Africa. Official name: Republic of Madagascar. Capital: Antananarivo.


lexentry: eng/Madonna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Madonna
trans_list: Madonna
sense:
(Christianity, sometimes with definite article) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, especially in Catholic contexts.


lexentry: eng/Mafia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mafia
trans_list: mafia
sense:
Any other specific organized crime syndicate operating internationally in high-level organized crime; often with a modifying adjective, such as a nationality.


lexentry: eng/Mafia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mafia
trans_list: mafia
sense:
The international criminal organization of Sicilian origin operating in Italy and the United States.


lexentry: eng/Maghreb__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maghreb
trans_list: Maghreb
sense:
A region of North Africa. Northwest Africa, the region of Africa north of the Sahara and west of the Nile. The lands of the Maghreb are generally considered to be the coastal plains of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and western Libya.


lexentry: eng/Magi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Magi
trans_list: Trzech Króli
sense:
(Christianity) Chiefly preceded by the (three): the wise men who visited and gave gifts to the baby Jesus at the Epiphany (traditionally considered to be three in number and sometimes named Balthazar, Caspar, and Melchior, but the Bible does not state how many there were or their names).


lexentry: eng/Magna_Carta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Magna Carta
trans_list: Magna Charta Libertatum
sense:
(historical) A charter granted by King John to the barons at Runnymede in 1215, which is one of the bases of English constitutional tradition; a physical copy of this charter, or a later version.


lexentry: eng/Maine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Maine
trans_list: Maine
sense:
A state of the United States; probably named for the province in France. Capital: Augusta. Largest city: Portland.


lexentry: eng/Malay_Archipelago__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay Archipelago
trans_list: Archipelag Malajski
sense:
the archipelago between mainland Southeastern Asia and Australia, that includes Indonesia, the Philippines, Brunei, East Malaysia and East Timor


lexentry: eng/Malay_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay Peninsula
trans_list: Półwysep Malajski
sense:
A peninsula in Southeast Asia containing the southernmost tip of Myanmar, Peninsular Malaysia and Southern Thailand.


lexentry: eng/Malay__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay
trans_list: malajski
sense:
Of or relating to the Malays, a people living in Brunei, on the eastern coast of Sumatra, the islands of Bangka and Belitung, the Riau archipelago and the coastal areas of Kalimantan in Indonesia, in most of Malaysia (states where they are politically dominant), in Singapore and in the southernmost provinces of Thailand.


lexentry: eng/Malay__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay
trans_list: Malaj | Malajka
sense:
(countable) A person of Malay ancestry, referring to a diverse group of Austronesian peoples inhabiting the Malay archipelago and Malay peninsula in Southeast Asia.


lexentry: eng/Malay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay
trans_list: malajski
sense:
(broad sense) The Malay language, an Austronesian language spoken by most Malay people and by others where it is an official language, including under the name Indonesian.


lexentry: eng/Maldives__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maldives
trans_list: Malediwy
sense:
An archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India. Official name: Republic of Maldives. Capital: Malé.


lexentry: eng/Mameluke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mameluke
trans_list: mameluk
sense:
(historical) A member of various military regimes in the Middle East established and run by freed white slave soldiers, mainly from the Eurasian steppe or the Caucasus; in particular, those who formed a ruling caste in Egypt from 1250 until 1812 and in Syria from 1260 until 1516.


lexentry: eng/Manchester__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Manchester
trans_list: Manchester
sense:
The largest city in New Hampshire, United States and one of the two county seats of Hillsborough County.


lexentry: eng/Manchuria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Manchuria
trans_list: Mandżuria
sense:
(historical) The area traditionally inhabited by the Manchu people and their Jurchen predecessors, in modern China and Russia.


lexentry: eng/Mandaeism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mandaeism
trans_list: mandaizm | mandeizm
sense:
A monotheistic religion of the Iraq region with a strongly dualistic and gnostic worldview, whose adherents (the Mandaeans) revere Adam and other Biblical figures, especially John the Baptist.


lexentry: eng/Mandarin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mandarin
trans_list: mandaryński
sense:
Standard Mandarin, an official language of China and Taiwan, and one of four official languages in Singapore; Putonghua, Guoyu or Huayu.


lexentry: eng/Mandelbrot_set__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mandelbrot set
trans_list: zbiór Mandelbrot
sense:
(mathematics) the set of complex numbers c for which the orbit of 0 under iteration of the complex quadratic polynomial zn+1 = zn2 + c remains bounded. The boundary of this set is a fractal.


lexentry: eng/Mangalica__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mangalica
trans_list: mangalica
sense:
A domestic pig of a Hungarian breed developed in the mid-19th century, which grows a thick, curly coat of hair.


lexentry: eng/Manichaeism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Manichaeism
trans_list: manicheizm
sense:
(religion) A syncretic, dualistic religion that combines elements of Zoroastrian, Christian, and Gnostic thought, founded by the Iranian prophet Mani in 3rd century AD.


lexentry: eng/Mansi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mansi
trans_list: mansyjski
sense:
The Uralic language spoken by these people, now more often considered a group of closely related languages.


lexentry: eng/Manx__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Manx
trans_list: manx
sense:
A breed of domestic cat native to the Isle of Man, principally characterized by suppression of the tail, and with a short-haired coat and rounded, cobby body.


lexentry: eng/Manx_cat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Manx cat
trans_list: manx
sense:
A domestic cat of a breed that is native to the Isle of Man, principally characterized by suppression of the tail, and with a short-haired coat and a medium-sized, rounded, cobby body.


lexentry: eng/Maoism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maoism
trans_list: maoizm
sense:
The philosophy espoused by Chinese leader Mao Zedong, a form of Marxism-Leninism that focuses on the peasantry as the revolutionary vanguard.


lexentry: eng/Marathon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marathon
trans_list: Maraton
sense:
A town in Attica, Greece, the site of the victory in 490 BC of heavily outnumbered Athenians against Persians.


lexentry: eng/March__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: March
trans_list: marzec
sense:
The third month of the Gregorian calendar, following February and preceding April. Abbreviation: Mar or Mar.


lexentry: eng/Marcionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marcionism
trans_list: marcjonizm
sense:
(Christianity) An early Christian following akin to but distinct from gnosticism which rejected the validity of the Old Testament and essentially denied the Trinity, regarding God the Father as an inferior demiurge, and that Jesus had nothing to do with the First Person of the Trinity.


lexentry: eng/Mariana_Trench__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mariana Trench
trans_list: Rów Mariański
sense:
(oceanography) A submarine trench in the North Pacific Ocean, noted for having the deepest known point on Earth.


lexentry: eng/Mariupol_Greek__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mariupol Greek
trans_list: mariupolski
sense:
A Greek dialect spoken by the ethnic Greeks living along the northern coast of the Sea of Azov, in southeastern Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Mariupol__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mariupol
trans_list: Mariupol
sense:
A city in Mariupol Raion, Donetsk Oblast, in eastern Ukraine, on the shore of the Sea of Azov, of the Black Sea.


lexentry: eng/Mark__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Mark
trans_list: Marek | Margusz | Markusz | Merkusz
sense:
Mark the Evangelist, also called John Mark, the first patriarch of Alexandria, credited with the authorship of the Gospel of Mark.


lexentry: eng/Mark__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Mark
trans_list: Marek | Margusz | Markusz | Merkusz | Ewangelia Marka
sense:
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Mark, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the second of the four gospels.


lexentry: eng/Marrano__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marrano
trans_list: maran
sense:
(historical) Any of the Sephardi Jews who stayed in Iberia during the Spanish Inquisition, and continued to practice Judaism in secret.


lexentry: eng/Marseille__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marseille
trans_list: Marsylia
sense:
The capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.


lexentry: eng/Marshall_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marshall Islands
trans_list: Wyspy Marshalla
sense:
A country consisting of two archipelagos in Micronesia, in Oceania. Official name: Republic of the Marshall Islands. Capital and largest city: Majuro.


lexentry: eng/Martial__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Martial
trans_list: Marcjalis
sense:
A en given name, narrowly applied to certain historic persons (but some of its foreign cognates are modern given names).


lexentry: eng/Martinique__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Martinique
trans_list: Martynika
sense:
An island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, in the Caribbean. Official name: Department of Martinique.


lexentry: eng/Marxian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marxian
trans_list: marksistowski
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or influenced by the 19th-century philosopher Karl Marx and his political and economic theories; now often distinguished from Marxist by the nuance that one does not necessarily adhere to Marxism itself. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Marxism-Leninism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marxism-Leninism
trans_list: marksizm-leninizm
sense:
(politics, communism) A communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted as the ideological foundation of the Communist International during Stalin's era, and was later adopted by the People's Republic of China, Cuba, Vietnam, and several other nations.


lexentry: eng/Marxism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marxism
trans_list: marksizm
sense:
The socialist and communist philosophy and political program founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.


lexentry: eng/Marxism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Marxism
trans_list: marksizm
sense:
The socialist and communist theory of the followers of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels; a radical, revolutionary political philosophy that aims to capture state power, introduce a dictatorship of the proletariat, and then progress to communism.


lexentry: eng/Mary__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Mary
trans_list: Maryja | Maria
sense:
(Islam) The 19th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an, recounting the events leading up to the birth of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Maryland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maryland
trans_list: Maryland
sense:
A state of the United States; named for Queen Mary, queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland. Capital: Annapolis. Largest city: Baltimore.


lexentry: eng/Mascarene_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mascarene Islands
trans_list: Maskareny
sense:
An archipelago in the Indian Ocean, consisting of Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues and the Cargados Carajos.


lexentry: eng/Mass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mass
trans_list: msza
sense:
(Roman Catholic Church) The principal liturgical service of the Church, encompassing both a scripture service (Liturgy of the Word) and a eucharistic service (Liturgy of the Eucharist), which includes the consecration and oblation (offering) of the host and wine.


lexentry: eng/Master_of_Science__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Master of Science
trans_list: magister
sense:
A degree that usually requires 2-3 years beyond a Bachelor of Science and emphasizes science and scientific applications. The degree is less advanced than a Doctorate degree.


lexentry: eng/Mattathias__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mattathias
trans_list: Matatiasz
sense:
(Christianity, in Luke’s genealogy of Christ) The son of Amos and father of Joseph, six-times-great–grandfather of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Mattathias__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mattathias
trans_list: Matatiasz
sense:
(Christianity, in Luke’s genealogy of Christ) The son of Semei and father of Mahath, twelve-times-great–grandfather of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Matthew__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Matthew
trans_list: Mateusz | Ewangelia Mateusza | Ewangelia według świętego Mateusza
sense:
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Matthew, the first book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the first of the four gospels, a book attributed to Matthew the Evangelist.


lexentry: eng/Mauretania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mauretania
trans_list: Mauretania
sense:
An ancient Berber kingdom on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa which was annexed by the Romans.


lexentry: eng/Mauser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mauser
trans_list: mauzer
sense:
Any of the firearms made or designed by the German company Mauser, notably automatic pistols and bolt action rifles.


lexentry: eng/Mayotte__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mayotte
trans_list: Majotta
sense:
An archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, formerly an overseas territorial collectivity, located between Africa's mainland and Madagascar.


lexentry: eng/McCarthyism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: McCarthyism
trans_list: maccartyzm | makkartyzm
sense:
The intense opposition to, and fear and suspicion of, Communism, particularly in the United States during the 1950s.


lexentry: eng/McDonaldization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: McDonaldization
trans_list: makdonaldyzacja
sense:
The process by which institutions in society become standardized and focused on efficiency and predictability.


lexentry: eng/Mecca__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mecca
trans_list: mekka
sense:
(figuratively, sometimes, _, offensive) Any place considered to be a very important place to visit by people with a particular interest.


lexentry: eng/Mecca__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mecca
trans_list: Mekka
sense:
A large city, the provincial capital of Mecca Province in the in the Hejaz region, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam, location of the sacred Ka'ba, and to which Muslims are required to make a hajj at least once in their lifetime, if possible.


lexentry: eng/Medvezhye__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Medvezhye
trans_list: Miedwieżje
sense:
A settlement in Kobylsky selsoviet, Glushkovsky Raion, Kursk Oblast, Central Federal District, Russia


lexentry: eng/Megaera__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Megaera
trans_list: Megajra | Megiera
sense:
(Greek god) One of the Furies, Erinyes in Greek mythology, the cause of jealousy and envy, who punishes people who commit crimes, especially marital infidelity.


lexentry: eng/Mekong__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mekong
trans_list: Mekong
sense:
A river in southeastern Asia that flows about 4,183 km (2,600 miles) from Tibet to the South China Sea in Vietnam.


lexentry: eng/Melanesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Melanesia
trans_list: Melanezja
sense:
A region of Oceania, made up of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji.


lexentry: eng/Melk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Melk
trans_list: Melk
sense:
A city in Austria, in the federal state of Lower Austria, known as the site of a massive baroque Benedictine monastery.


lexentry: eng/Melkite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Melkite
trans_list: melchita | melkita
sense:
(historical) In 5th-century Syria and Egypt, a sobriquet applied to Chalcedonians by their opponents, denoting the Chalcedonians' fidelity to the Byzantine emperor.


lexentry: eng/Melkite__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Melkite
trans_list: melchita | melkita
sense:
(since the Great Schism) A member of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch or the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem; ellipsis of Orthodox Melkite.


lexentry: eng/Melusine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Melusine
trans_list: Meluzyna
sense:
(mythology) A figure of European folklore and mythology (mostly Celtic), a female spirit of fresh water in a sacred spring or river, usually depicted as a serpent or fish from the waist down, and sometimes with wings.


lexentry: eng/Member_of_Parliament__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Member of Parliament
trans_list: deputowany | poseł | deputowana | parlamentarzysta | parlamentarzystka | posłanka
sense:
(UK, Canada, Australia, NZ) A representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a house of a parliament.


lexentry: eng/Memnon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Memnon
trans_list: Memnon
sense:
(Greek mythology) An Ethiopian king and son of Tithonus and Eos. Considered a great warrior, he fought on the side of Troy and was killed by Achilles.


lexentry: eng/Menelaus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Menelaus
trans_list: Menelaos
sense:
(Greek mythology) the king of Mycenaean Sparta, the husband of Helen of Troy, the brother of Agamemnon, the leader of the Spartan contingent of the Greek army during the Trojan War


lexentry: eng/Mensa__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mensa
trans_list: Stół
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, originally named after Table Mountain in South Africa. It lies between the constellations of Hydrus and Volans.


lexentry: eng/Menshevik__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Menshevik
trans_list: mienszewik
sense:
(now, chiefly, historical) A member of the gradualist or moderate wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party during the years preceding the Russian Revolution, when they split with the Bolsheviks; or a member of a later independent moderate-Marxist party formed in 1917. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Mercury__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mercury
trans_list: Merkury
sense:
(astronomy) The first planet in the Solar system with the closest orbit to the Sun, named after the god; represented by ☿.


lexentry: eng/Mercury__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mercury
trans_list: Merkury
sense:
(Roman god) The Roman god associated with speed, sometimes used as a messenger, wearing winged sandals; the Roman counterpart of the Greek god Hermes.


lexentry: eng/Merovingian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Merovingian
trans_list: Merowingowie
sense:
One of a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin) largely corresponding to ancient Gaul from the middle of the 5th century, and whose politics involved frequent civil warfare among branches of the family.


lexentry: eng/Merya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Merya
trans_list: Merjanie
sense:
A Finno-Ugric tribe which lived in the region around the modern Moscow and was later assimilated by Slavs.


lexentry: eng/Mesoamerica__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mesoamerica
trans_list: Mezoameryka
sense:
A pre-Columbian cultural region extending from the southern part of Mexico to an area that comprises some parts of the countries of Central America


lexentry: eng/Mesopotamia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mesopotamia
trans_list: Mezopotamia
sense:
A region in Southwest Asia spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris that is the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man.


lexentry: eng/Mesozoic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mesozoic
trans_list: mezozoiczny
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic era within the Phanerozoic eon that comprises the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods from about 230 to 65 million years ago, when life on earth was dominated by reptiles.


lexentry: eng/Messidor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Messidor
trans_list: messidor
sense:
(historical) The tenth month of the French Republican Calendar, from June 19 or 20 to July 18 or 19.


lexentry: eng/Methodist__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Methodist
trans_list: metodystyczny
sense:
Of or pertaining to the branch of Christianity that descends from the religious societies overseen by John Wesley (1703–1791) among others.


lexentry: eng/Metis__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Metis
trans_list: Metis
sense:
(Greek god) A Titan who was the personification of wisdom, the first spouse of Zeus, and the mother of Athena


lexentry: eng/Meuse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Meuse
trans_list: Moza
sense:
A river in Europe that flows about 901 km (560 mi) from France through Belgium and the Netherlands to the North Sea.


lexentry: eng/Mexican_wave__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mexican wave
trans_list: meksykańska fala
sense:
(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) A phenomenon that primarily occurs at sports events, where the members of the crowd stand up and/or raise their hands in turn, creating the illusion of a wave passing through the crowd.


lexentry: eng/Micah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Micah
trans_list: Micheasz | Księga Micheasza
sense:
An Ephraimite featured in Judges 17–18 and protagonist of the Micah’s idol narrative. Also called Michas.


lexentry: eng/Michael__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Michael
trans_list: Michał | Święty Michał Archanioł
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) An archangel associated with defending the faithful in the tribulation.


lexentry: eng/Michelangelo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Michelangelo
trans_list: Michał Anioł
sense:
A 15th- and 16th-century Italian artist, full name Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475–1564).


lexentry: eng/Mickey_Mouse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mickey Mouse
trans_list: Myszka Miki
sense:
The most famous Disney cartoon character, an anthropomorphic mouse with a falsetto voice and a cheerful disposition.


lexentry: eng/Micronesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Micronesia
trans_list: Mikronezja
sense:
A country consisting of about 2000 islands in Oceania. Official name: Federated States of Micronesia. Capital: Palikir.


lexentry: eng/Microscopium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Microscopium
trans_list: Mikroskop
sense:
(constellation) A faint constellation of the southern spring sky, said to resemble a microscope. It lies south of the constellation of Capricornus.


lexentry: eng/Midas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Midas
trans_list: Midas
sense:
(Greek mythology) A king who sought and was for a while granted the cherished but subtly dangerous magical power to turn anything he touched into gold.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Ages__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Ages
trans_list: średniowiecze
sense:
(history) The period of primarily European history between the decline of the Western Roman Empire (antiquity) and the early modern period or the Renaissance; the time between c. 500 and 1500 CE.


lexentry: eng/Middle_East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Middle East
trans_list: Bliski Wschód | Środkowy Wschód
sense:
(geopolitics) The region comprising West Asia without the South Caucasus and additionally including all of Egypt (not just the Sinai) and all of Turkey (not just Asian Turkey).


lexentry: eng/Middle_English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle English
trans_list: średnioangielski
sense:
The ancient or older language of Modern English, spoken in England and parts of Scotland (where it became Lowland Scots) from about 1100 AD to 1500 AD.


lexentry: eng/Middle_High_German__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle High German
trans_list: język średnio-wysoko-niemiecki | średnio-wysoko-niemiecki
sense:
An ancestor to the modern (High) German language, spoken from 1050 to about 1500. Some linguists prefer to use 1350 as the end of the Middle High German period, calling the period from 1350 to 1650 Early New High German in a broad sense.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Kingdom__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Kingdom
trans_list: Średnie Państwo
sense:
(historical) Egypt from the time of its reunification under Mentuhotep II in the 11th Dynasty (ending the First Intermediate Period) to its disintegration during the 13th Dynasty and the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period.


lexentry: eng/Milky_Way__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Milky Way
trans_list: Droga Mleczna
sense:
(astronomy) A broad band of diffuse white light, visible in the night sky; our view of the dense portions of the Milky Way Galaxy from inside the galaxy. [from late 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/Minecraft__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Minecraft
trans_list: Minecraft
sense:
(video games) A sandbox video game, released in 2011, in which players explore a three-dimensional world made of blocks and can craft items and build structures.


lexentry: eng/Minerva__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Minerva
trans_list: Minerwa
sense:
(Roman god) The goddess of wisdom, especially strategic warfare, and the arts, especially crafts and in particular weaving. She is the Roman counterpart of Athena.


lexentry: eng/Minnesota__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Minnesota
trans_list: Minnesota
sense:
(historical) A former territory (1849–1858) of the United States, encompassing the modern state and part of the Dakotas. Capital: Saint Paul.


lexentry: eng/Miocene__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Miocene
trans_list: mioceński
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Neogene period from about 23 to 5.3 million years ago; marked by the drift of continents to their present position.


lexentry: eng/Miss__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Miss
trans_list: panna
sense:
Form of address, now used chiefly for an unmarried woman; used chiefly of girls before the mid-1700s, and thereafter used also of adult women without regard to marital status.


lexentry: eng/Mississippi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mississippi
trans_list: Missisipi
sense:
(with the) A major river in the United States that flows from north-central Minnesota into the Gulf of Mexico.


lexentry: eng/Missouri__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Missouri
trans_list: Missouri
sense:
A state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Capital: Jefferson City. Largest city: Kansas City.


lexentry: eng/Missouri__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Missouri
trans_list: Missouri
sense:
The longest river in North America, rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana and flowing roughly southeast over 2,300 miles through North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas and Missouri, before joining the Mississippi at St. Louis.


lexentry: eng/Mithraism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mithraism
trans_list: mitraizm
sense:
An astrology-based, middle-platonic mystery religion of the 1st-4th century Roman Empire that claimed to have been founded by Zoroaster, admitted only men, and was especially popular among the Roman military.


lexentry: eng/Mnemosyne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mnemosyne
trans_list: Mnemosyne
sense:
(Greek god) A Titaness and the personification of thought, intellect and memory. She is the daughter of Gaia and Uranus, and the mother of the Muses by Zeus.


lexentry: eng/Moabite__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moabite
trans_list: moabicki
sense:
An extinct Canaanite Semitic language, spoken in Moab (modern-day northwestern Jordan). Extinct since 5th century BCE.


lexentry: eng/Modern_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Modern Greek
trans_list: nowogrecki
sense:
The Greek language as spoken by the Greek people since the fall of Constantinople in 1453. It was written using polytonic script until 1982, when this was officially dropped in favour of monotonic.


lexentry: eng/Modern_Monetary_Theory__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Modern Monetary Theory
trans_list: Nowoczesna teoria monetarna
sense:
A heterodox economic school of thought that posits that fiscal policy, set to constrain inflation and enable full employment, should be the primary economic stabiliser and prioritises reflection on the nature of money from a chartalist perspective.


lexentry: eng/Modern_Standard_Arabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Modern Standard Arabic
trans_list: fusha | współczesny standardowy język arabski
sense:
The standard and literary variety of Arabic used in writing and in formal speech in the Arab world since c. the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/Moebius_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moebius syndrome
trans_list: zespół Möbiusa
sense:
(neurology) A rare congenital disorder characterized by facial paralysis and an inability to move one's eyes from side to side.


lexentry: eng/Mohawk__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mohawk
trans_list: irokez
sense:
A hairstyle where both sides are shaved, with the hair along the crest of the head kept long, and usually styled so as to stand straight up.


lexentry: eng/Moldavia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moldavia
trans_list: Mołdawia
sense:
(historical) A former principality in Eastern Europe, which occupied a region now made up of the country of Moldova and northeastern Romania.


lexentry: eng/Moldavia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Moldavia
trans_list: Mołdawia
sense:
Moldavia, Western Moldavia (a region in eastern Romania adjacent to the country of Moldova, once part of the principality of Moldova).


lexentry: eng/Moldova__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moldova
trans_list: Mołdawia | Mołdowa
sense:
A country in Eastern Europe. Official name: Republic of Moldova. Capital and largest city: Chișinău.


lexentry: eng/Moldova__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Moldova
trans_list: Mołdawia | Mołdowa
sense:
A region in eastern Romania adjacent to the country of Moldova, once part of the principality of Moldova.


lexentry: eng/Molotov_cocktail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Molotov cocktail
trans_list: koktajl Mołotowa
sense:
A crude incendiary bomb made from a glass bottle, either filled with a flammable liquid such as petroleum and supplied with a rag for a fuse that is lit just before being hurled, or filled with such a mix of flammable liquids that it ignites itself when it is smashed and its contents are exposed to air.


lexentry: eng/Mon__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mon
trans_list: Mon | Monijka
sense:
A member of a people living primarily in the Mon State of Myanmar (also known as Burma), and in Thailand.


lexentry: eng/Monday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Monday
trans_list: poniedziałek
sense:
The second day of the week in many religious traditions, and the first day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm. It follows Sunday and precedes Tuesday.


lexentry: eng/Mongolian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mongolian
trans_list: mongolski
sense:
(uncountable) A group of languages from Mongolia, specifically Khalkha, the official language of Mongolia.


lexentry: eng/Monoceros__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Monoceros
trans_list: Jednorożec
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a unicorn. It lies amid the Milky Way, just east of the constellation Orion.


lexentry: eng/Monopoly__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Monopoly
trans_list: Monopoly
sense:
(games, board games) A board game in which players use play money to buy and trade properties, with the objective of forcing opponents into bankruptcy.


lexentry: eng/Montanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Montanism
trans_list: montanizm
sense:
(Christianity) The doctrines of a heretical sect of the second to fifth centuries in Asia Minor, who held millenarian beliefs.


lexentry: eng/Montenegrin__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Montenegrin
trans_list: czarnogórski
sense:
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken in Montenegro.


lexentry: eng/Montenegro__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Montenegro
trans_list: Czarnogóra
sense:
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Capital and largest city: Podgorica. Part of Yugoslavia until 2003, then part of Serbia and Montenegro until 2006.


lexentry: eng/Montezuma's_revenge__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Montezuma's revenge
trans_list: zemsta Montezumy
sense:
(humorous, euphemistic) Diarrhea experienced by tourists after drinking water or eating food in Mexico as a result of a microorganism to which native Mexicans are immune. [1962]


lexentry: eng/Moon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moon
trans_list: Księżyc
sense:
The Earth's moon; the sole natural satellite of the Earth, represented in astronomy and astrology by ☾.


lexentry: eng/Moor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Moor
trans_list: Maur
sense:
(historical) A member of an Islamic people of Arab or Amazigh origin ruling Spain and parts of North Africa from the 8th to the 15th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Moore's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moore's law
trans_list: Prawo Moore’a
sense:
(computing) An empirical observation that the density of transistors on a chip doubles every two years.


lexentry: eng/Mordecai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mordecai
trans_list: Mardocheusz
sense:
(Biblical character) One of the main personalities in the Book of Esther. He adopted and raised his cousin Esther and foiled a plot to assassinate the king.


lexentry: eng/Mormonism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mormonism
trans_list: mormonizm
sense:
Religious, ideological, and cultural aspects of the various denominations of the Latter-day Saint movement.


lexentry: eng/Morpheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morpheus
trans_list: Morfeusz
sense:
(Greek god) The god and personification of dreams; according to the Roman poet Ovid, one of the sons of Somnus, the god of sleep.


lexentry: eng/Morris_column__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morris column
trans_list: słup ogłoszeniowy
sense:
A cylindrical outdoor sidewalk structure (like a column) used for advertising; an advertising column


lexentry: eng/Morse_code__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morse code
trans_list: alfabet Morse’a | kod Morse’a
sense:
(telecommunications) A character code represented by dots and dashes (or short and long pulses), originally used to send messages by telegraph, later by flashes of light or by radio.


lexentry: eng/Moses__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moses
trans_list: Mojżesz
sense:
(biblical character) The pharaonic patriarch who led the enslaved Hebrews out of Egypt, the brother of Aaron and Miriam described in the Book of Exodus and the Quran.


lexentry: eng/Moshoryne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moshoryne
trans_list: Moszoryne
sense:
A village in Subottsi rural hromada, Kropyvnytskyi Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, the Ukraine, resettled and renamed by migrants from the Pannonian Plain in 1752.


lexentry: eng/Mother's_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mother's Day
trans_list: Dzień Matki
sense:
(US, Canada) A day in honor of one's mother on the second Sunday in May in the United States and Canada.


lexentry: eng/Mother_of_God__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mother of God
trans_list: Bogarodzica | Bogarodzicielka | Bogurodzica | Boża Rodzicielka | Matka Boska | Matka Boża
sense:
(Christianity) A dogmatic title of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her role as mother of God.


lexentry: eng/Mount_Athos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mount Athos
trans_list: Athos | Góra Athos
sense:
A mountain and peninsula in northeastern Greece which is an important centre of Greek Orthodox monasticism.


lexentry: eng/Mount_Everest__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mount Everest
trans_list: Czomolungma | Mount Everest | Sagarmatha | Qomolangma | Szczyt XV
sense:
A mountain in the Himalayas, on the border of Solukhumbu district, Koshi, Nepal and Tingri County, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China; the world's highest mountain above sea level. [from 1856]


lexentry: eng/Mount_of_Olives__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mount of Olives
trans_list: Góra Oliwna
sense:
A mountain ridge east of and adjacent to the Old City of Jerusalem, a holy place for both Judaism and Christianity.


lexentry: eng/Mozambique__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mozambique
trans_list: Mozambik
sense:
A country in East Africa and Southern Africa. Official name: Republic of Mozambique (since 1990). Capital: Maputo.


lexentry: eng/Mozarabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mozarabic
trans_list: mozarabski
sense:
A continuum of closely related Romance dialects spoken in Muslim-dominated areas of the Iberian Peninsula during the early stages of Romance language development in Iberia.


lexentry: eng/Mozartian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mozartian
trans_list: mozartowski
sense:
Of or pertaining to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791), prolific and influential composer of classical music.


lexentry: eng/Mr.__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mr.
trans_list: pan | p.
sense:
(US, Canada) Abbreviation of mister. A title used before the surname in theory, though not generally in practice, above some undefined social level, too old to be addressed as “Master”, not a knight or of some higher rank, and, in Britain though not in the United States, not entitled to be addressed as “Dr.”.


lexentry: eng/Mrs__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mrs
trans_list: p. | pani
sense:
Abbreviation of Missus or Mistress (used before an adult woman's name or surname, used for any high-status woman without regard to marital status until the 1800s, after which it began to be reserved for married, divorced and widowed women and used with their married surnames)


lexentry: eng/Ms__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ms
trans_list: panienka | panna
sense:
Title used before an adult woman's name or surname, especially when it is not desired or possible to indicate her marital status with Miss or Mrs.


lexentry: eng/Muay_Thai__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Muay Thai
trans_list: boks tajski
sense:
(martial arts) A sport practiced in Thailand which is similar to boxing but also allows strikes with the shins, feet, elbows, and knees.


lexentry: eng/Muhammad__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Muhammad
trans_list: Mahomet
sense:
(Islam, uncountable) The figure who introduced Islam, and the man to whom the Qur'an was revealed; considered a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.


lexentry: eng/Mureș__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mureș
trans_list: Marusza
sense:
A river which runs through Romania, starting in the eastern Carpathians and joining the Tisza in Hungary, being about 761 km (473 mi) long.


lexentry: eng/Murphy_bed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Murphy bed
trans_list: składane łóżko
sense:
(North America) A light type of bed designed to be folded up or swung into a wall or closet for storage when not in use. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Musca__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Musca
trans_list: Mucha
sense:
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a fly, between the constellations of Carina and Apus.


lexentry: eng/Muscovy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Muscovy
trans_list: Moskwa
sense:
The Russian territory around and ruled from Moscow by grand princes until it became the nucleus of a united Russia, which its dynasty ruled first as czars (kings) from Moscow, later as emperors from Saint Petersburg.


lexentry: eng/Myanmar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Myanmar
trans_list: Birma | Myanmar | Mjanma
sense:
A country in Southeast Asia. Official name: Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Capital: Naypyidaw. Also known as Burma (which was formerly the official name).


lexentry: eng/Mycenae__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mycenae
trans_list: Mykeny
sense:
An ancient Greek city in the NE Peloponnesus on the plain of Argos, inhabited since about 4000 B.C.E.


lexentry: eng/Mycenaean_Greek__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mycenaean Greek
trans_list: mykeński
sense:
The most ancient attested form of the Greek language, spoken on the Greek mainland and on Crete in the 16th to 11th centuries BC, written in Linear B script.


lexentry: eng/Mykolaiv__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Mykolaiv
trans_list: Mikołajów
sense:
(historical) The Ukrainian name of Kreisgebiet Nikolajew, Nikolajew Generalbezirk, Reichskommissariat Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Mykolaiv__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Mykolaiv
trans_list: Obwód mikołajowski
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of the urban hromada, raion, and oblast of the same name of the Ukraine, founded in 1789 at the confluence of the Inhul and the Southern Buh.


lexentry: eng/Mykolaiv__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Mykolaiv
trans_list: Obwód mikołajowski
sense:
An urban hromada of the raion of the same name, in the oblast of the same name, the Ukraine, established in June 2020.


lexentry: eng/Mykolaivka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: Mykolaivka
trans_list: Mykołajiwka
sense:
A village in Theodosia Raion de jure, in Sovietskyi Raion de facto, in the Crimea, Ukraine, first mentioned in 1926, occupied by Russian forces since February 2014


lexentry: eng/Möbius_strip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Möbius strip
trans_list: wstęga Möbiusa
sense:
(topology) A one-sided surface formed by identifying two opposite edges of a square in opposite senses;a narrow strip given a half twist and joined at the ends, forming a three-dimensional embedding of said surface.


lexentry: eng/NAFLD__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: NAFLD
trans_list: niealkoholowa stłuszczeniowa choroba wątroby
sense:
(disease) Initialism of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of disorders characterized by predominantly macrovesicular hepatic steatosis occurring in individuals in the absence of significant alcohol consumption.


lexentry: eng/NKVD__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: NKVD
trans_list: NKWD
sense:
The People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs — the Soviet interior ministry known for its secret police, forerunner of the KGB


lexentry: eng/Nanjing__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nanjing
trans_list: Nankin
sense:
A major city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China, on the lower Yangtze; a former capital of China.


lexentry: eng/Nantes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nantes
trans_list: Nantes
sense:
The capital city of the department of the Loire-Atlantique, France; capital city of the region of Pays de la Loire, in historical Brittany.


lexentry: eng/Narcissus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Narcissus
trans_list: Narcyz
sense:
(Greek mythology) A youth who spurned the love of Echo and fell in love with his own reflection in a pool: in some versions of the myth, he drowned trying to reach it, while in others he sat fixated until a god took pity and transformed him into a flower.


lexentry: eng/Narnia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Narnia
trans_list: Narnia
sense:
(fantasy) A land in which a series of seven children's books, The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis are set.


lexentry: eng/Nastaliq__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nastaliq
trans_list: nestalik
sense:
A form of Arabic calligraphy mostly used for Persian and languages it has influenced, including Urdu and Ottoman Turkish.


lexentry: eng/Natal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Natal
trans_list: Boże Narodzenie
sense:
A former British colony and province of South Africa, itself beforehand the Natalia Republic. It is now called KwaZulu-Natal province.


lexentry: eng/Nataraja__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nataraja
trans_list: Nataradźa
sense:
(Hinduism) The dancing posture of the Hindu god Shiva, who performs his divine dance as a part of his activities of creation and destruction.


lexentry: eng/Navajo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Navajo
trans_list: Nawaho
sense:
An Apachean (Southern Athabaskan) language of the Athabascan language family belonging to the Na-Dené phylum. It is spoken by 149,000 people in the American Southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado).


lexentry: eng/Naypyidaw__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Naypyidaw
trans_list: Naypyidaw
sense:
The capital city (since 2006) of Burma (Myanmar), located in Pyinmana Township, Mandalay Division (approximately 320 kilometres north of Yangon).


lexentry: eng/Nazi__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nazi
trans_list: nazistowski
sense:
(historical) Of or pertaining to the Nazi Party specifically, or to Nazism, neo-Nazism, or neo-Nazis more generally.


lexentry: eng/Nazi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nazi
trans_list: nazista | nazistka
sense:
(historical) A member of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP). [1930]


lexentry: eng/Nazianzus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nazianzus
trans_list: Nazjanz
sense:
(historical) A town in the ancient region of Cappadocia, near the modern village of Bekarlar in Gülağaç District, Aksaray Province, Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Nazism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nazism
trans_list: nazizm
sense:
The ideology of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP), being a form of fascism characterised by Adolf Hitler's cult of personality, hate propaganda, white supremacy, extreme bigotry (especially antisemitism and racism), eugenics, mass violence, genocide, ethnonationalist territorial expansion (Lebensraum) and state capitalism.


lexentry: eng/Naʼvi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Naʼvi
trans_list: na’vi
sense:
A constructed language designed by Paul Frommer to be spoken by fictional extraterrestrials in the 2009 film Avatar.


lexentry: eng/Near_East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Near East
trans_list: Bliski Wschód
sense:
The region located south of Eastern Europe, comprising Anatolia, Transcaucasia, the Levant, and Mesopotamia.


lexentry: eng/Nefertem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nefertem
trans_list: Nefertum
sense:
(Egyptian god) An ancient Egyptian god, who represented the first sunlight and the delightful smell of the Egyptian blue lotus flower


lexentry: eng/Nemean_Lion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nemean Lion
trans_list: Lew Nemejski
sense:
(Greek mythology) A mythical lion of ancient Nemea that was invulnerable to attack by weapons and was slain by Hercules as one of his labours.


lexentry: eng/Neogene__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neogene
trans_list: neogeniczny | neogeński
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Cenozoic era; comprises the Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene epochs from about 26 million years ago to the present.


lexentry: eng/Neogrammarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neogrammarian
trans_list: młodogramatyk
sense:
(linguistics, historical) A member or follower of a 19th-century school of German linguists who first advanced the theory of regular sound change.


lexentry: eng/Neoplatonism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neoplatonism
trans_list: neoplatonizm
sense:
A school of philosophy based on the teachings of Plato and, subsequently, Plotinus; it was the foundation for paganism.


lexentry: eng/Nepal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nepal
trans_list: Nepal
sense:
A country in South Asia, located between China and India. Official name: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. Capital and largest city: Kathmandu.


lexentry: eng/Nephthys__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nephthys
trans_list: Neftyda | Neftys
sense:
(Egyptian god) An ancient Egyptian goddess, the wife of Set and sister of Isis, Osiris, and Set, worshiped as a protective goddess and nurse of the pharaoh and associated with funerary rites and the transition from life to death.


lexentry: eng/Neptune__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Neptune
trans_list: Neptun
sense:
(Roman mythology) The god of the ocean and of earthquakes, equivalent to Poseidon in Greek mythology.


lexentry: eng/Nestorian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nestorian
trans_list: nestorianin | nestorianka
sense:
(sometimes, pejorative) A perceived follower of Nestorius in the fourth and fifth centuries. A member of a Nestorian church.


lexentry: eng/Nestorianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nestorianism
trans_list: nestorianizm
sense:
(Christianity) The Christological doctrine ascribed to Nestorius, condemned as heretical by the Council of Ephesus but later also ascribed to the Church of the East, holding that within Christ there are two distinct hypostases, divine and human.


lexentry: eng/Netherlands_Antilles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Netherlands Antilles
trans_list: Antyle Holenderskie
sense:
(historical) A former autonomous country in the Caribbean, within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, composed of the islands of Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba and Sint Maarten, dissolved in 2010.


lexentry: eng/Netherlands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Netherlands
trans_list: Niderlandy | Holandia | Królestwo Niderlandów
sense:
A country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten.


lexentry: eng/New_Amsterdam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Amsterdam
trans_list: Nowy Amsterdam
sense:
(historical) The capital city of New Netherland, a colony of the Netherlands; the Dutch colonial settlement that later became New York City.


lexentry: eng/New_Caledonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Caledonia
trans_list: Nowa Kaledonia
sense:
An archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania. Official name: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies.


lexentry: eng/New_Deal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Deal
trans_list: Nowy Ład
sense:
A series of domestic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1938 in response to the Great Depression, focusing on relief, recovery, and reform.


lexentry: eng/New_England__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New England
trans_list: Nowa Anglia
sense:
Collectively, six states of the United States, namely Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.


lexentry: eng/New_France__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New France
trans_list: Nowa Francja
sense:
(historical) France's former possessions and colonies in North America, including Canada (now Quebec and Ontario and Ohio plains), Acadia (now New Brunswick and Nova Scotia), and Louisiana (now the Mississippi plains), before 1763.


lexentry: eng/New_Guinea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Guinea
trans_list: Nowa Gwinea
sense:
A large Oceanian island in the Pacific Ocean, north of Australia, whose territory is divided between Indonesia in the west and Papua New Guinea in the east.


lexentry: eng/New_Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Latin
trans_list: łacina nowożytna
sense:
The reformed Latin language as written or spoken as a lingua franca from 14th century Renaissance Latin to Contemporary Latin beginning in the late 19th century.


lexentry: eng/New_Netherland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Netherland
trans_list: Nowa Belgia | Nowa Holandia | Nowe Niderlandy
sense:
(historical) A former colony of the Netherlands: A Dutch colonial province along the east coast of North America, capital New Amsterdam


lexentry: eng/New_Objectivity__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Objectivity
trans_list: Nowa Rzeczowość
sense:
An anti-expressionist artistic movement of the first half of the twentieth century that espoused direct, unadorned, matter-of-fact aesthetics.


lexentry: eng/New_Orleans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Orleans
trans_list: Nowy Orlean
sense:
The largest city in Louisiana, United States and the parish seat of Orleans Parish, which is coterminous with the city. It is an industrial and distribution center and major seaport located along the Mississippi near the Gulf of Mexico, known for its rich cultural heritage, especially its music and cuisine.


lexentry: eng/New_South_Wales__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New South Wales
trans_list: Nowa Południowa Walia
sense:
One of the six states of Australia. Capital: Sydney. Situated in the south-eastern part of the continent.


lexentry: eng/New_Spain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Spain
trans_list: Nowa Hiszpania
sense:
(historical) The colony comprising Spain's territorial possessions in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama, established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521.


lexentry: eng/New_Testament__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Testament
trans_list: Nowy Testament
sense:
(bible, Christianity) The second half of the Christian Bible, which includes the four Gospels, the Book of Acts, the Epistles, and the Book of Revelation.


lexentry: eng/New_Year's_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Year's Day
trans_list: Nowy Rok
sense:
A holiday celebrating the first day of the New Year, celebrated on January 1 in cultures following the Gregorian calendar.


lexentry: eng/New_Year's_Eve__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Year's Eve
trans_list: sylwester
sense:
The holiday occurring on the last day of the year, celebrated on December 31st in cultures following the Gregorian calendar


lexentry: eng/New_Year__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: New Year
trans_list: Nowy Rok
sense:
In particular, January 1 in the Julian and Gregorian calendar (New Year’s Day) and the days following.


lexentry: eng/New_York_City__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New York City
trans_list: Nowy Jork
sense:
The largest city in the United States, situated in the state of New York at the mouth of the Hudson River on the northeastern Atlantic Coast. It consists of five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island.


lexentry: eng/New_York__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New York
trans_list: Nowy Jork
sense:
The largest city in the state of New York and the largest city in the United States, a metropolis extending into neighboring New Jersey.


lexentry: eng/New_Zealand__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Zealand
trans_list: Nowa Zelandia | nowozelandzki
sense:
A country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia. Official name: New Zealand. Capital: Wellington.


lexentry: eng/Newfoundland__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Newfoundland
trans_list: nowofundland | nowofundlandczyk | wodołaz
sense:
A very large breed of working dog from Newfoundland, with a shaggy, usually black coat, known for its water rescue ability, strength, and gentle disposition.


lexentry: eng/Newfoundland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Newfoundland
trans_list: Nowa Fundlandia
sense:
A large island off the coast of eastern Canada, which, along with Labrador, has composed the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador since 1949, and the Dominion of Newfoundland, before it.


lexentry: eng/Newspeak__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Newspeak
trans_list: nowomowa
sense:
(computer languages) A highly dynamic and reflective programming language descended from Smalltalk, supporting both object-oriented and functional programming.


lexentry: eng/Niagara_Falls__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Niagara Falls
trans_list: Niagara
sense:
A waterfall in the Niagara river, Niagara region, on the international border between Canada and United States, in both Ontario and New York state; Massive waterfalls located on the Niagara River.


lexentry: eng/Niagara_River__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Niagara River
trans_list: Niagara
sense:
A river in North America flowing to the north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario and including the Niagara Falls.


lexentry: eng/Nice__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nice
trans_list: Nicea
sense:
A coastal city, the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France.


lexentry: eng/Nicene_Creed__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nicene Creed
trans_list: Nicejskie wyznanie wiary
sense:
The first official creed of the early Christian church, stating the basic tenets of the Christian faith, including the nature of the Holy Trinity.


lexentry: eng/Nietzschean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nietzschean
trans_list: nietzscheański
sense:
Of, pertaining to or characteristic of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), German philosopher, or his writings.


lexentry: eng/Nigeria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nigeria
trans_list: Nigeria
sense:
A country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger. Official name: Federal Republic of Nigeria. Capital: Abuja. Largest city: Lagos.


lexentry: eng/Nigerian_scam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nigerian scam
trans_list: nigeryjski przekręt | nigeryjski szwindel
sense:
(Internet) An attempt to defraud by sending out large numbers of emails, each stating that the recipient is entitled to receive a large amount of money, but will need to supply banking account details, or to send payment for fees, before the payment can be passed on.


lexentry: eng/Nihilism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nihilism
trans_list: nihilizm
sense:
(Russia, politics, historical) A movement of the 1860s that rejected all authority and promoted the use of violence for political change.


lexentry: eng/Nile__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nile
trans_list: Nil
sense:
A large river in Africa flowing through Khartoum and Cairo into the Mediterranean Sea, usually considered to be the longest river in the world.


lexentry: eng/Nintendrone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nintendrone
trans_list: brzemienność
sense:
(slang, derogatory, video games) A slavish supporter of Nintendo's video games or consoles; a Nintendo fanboy


lexentry: eng/Niue__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Niue
trans_list: Niue
sense:
An island and country in Polynesia in Oceania, a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand. Official name: Republic of Niue. Capital: Alofi.


lexentry: eng/Nivôse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nivôse
trans_list: nivôse
sense:
(historical) The fourth month of the French Republican Calendar, from December 21, 22 or 23 to January 19, 20 or 21.


lexentry: eng/Nizhny_Novgorod__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Nizhny Novgorod
trans_list: Niżny Nowogród
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, the fourth-largest in the country by population.


lexentry: eng/Niçoise_salad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Niçoise salad
trans_list: sałatka nicejska
sense:
A salad, originating from the French town of Nice, with various ingredients including tuna, anchovies, hard-boiled eggs, tomatoes, black olives, and lettuce.


lexentry: eng/Nobel_Prize__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nobel Prize
trans_list: Nagroda Nobla
sense:
Any of the international prizes awarded annually by the Nobel Foundation for outstanding achievements in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and for the promotion of world peace; or the prize in economics awarded by the Swedish National Bank, in memorial of Alfred Nobel.


lexentry: eng/Nogai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nogai
trans_list: nogajski
sense:
A Turkic language spoken in the northern Caucasus region of southwestern Russia and in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.


lexentry: eng/Nordic_combined__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nordic combined
trans_list: kombinacja norweska
sense:
(skiing) An event in which individual skiers take part in runs on a cross-country skiing course and a ski jumping hill.


lexentry: eng/Norma__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Norma
trans_list: Węgielnica
sense:
(constellation) An inconspicuous constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a carpenter's square. It lies south of the constellations Scorpius and Centaurus.


lexentry: eng/Normandy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Normandy
trans_list: Normandia
sense:
An administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel. The modern region was created in 2016 with the merger of Upper Normandy and Lower Normandy.


lexentry: eng/North_Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Africa
trans_list: Północna Afryka
sense:
The northern part of the continent of Africa, usually referring to specifically the regions north of the Sahara Desert where Arabic is widely spoken as a mother tongue.


lexentry: eng/North_America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North America
trans_list: Ameryka Północna
sense:
The continent that is the northern part of the Americas; that part east of the Pacific Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, north of South America and south of the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/North_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Asia
trans_list: Azja Północna
sense:
The northern region of Asia, also referred to as Siberia, geographically coextensive with the Asian part of Russia.


lexentry: eng/North_Carolina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Carolina
trans_list: Karolina Północna
sense:
A state of the United States situated on the east coast of the North American mainland north of South Carolina and south of Virginia. Capital: Raleigh.


lexentry: eng/North_Frisian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Frisian
trans_list: północnofryzyjski
sense:
A Frisian language, or group of dialects, spoken by 5,000 to 10,000 people in northwestern Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.


lexentry: eng/North_Karelia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Karelia
trans_list: Karelia Północna
sense:
A county and region in northern Karelia, in southeast Finland. (Since 2022, the English term officially prescribed as the name for the Finnish administrative unit long known as a “region” was changed to be called a “county”, although reference to counties as regions is still common. See Counties of Finland.)


lexentry: eng/North_Korea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Korea
trans_list: Korea Północna
sense:
A country in East Asia, whose territory consists of the northern part of Korea. Official name: Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Capital: Pyongyang.


lexentry: eng/North_Macedonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Macedonia
trans_list: Macedonia Północna
sense:
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of North Macedonia. Capital and largest city: Skopje. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992. The current name was adopted in 2019 to resolve a naming dispute with Greece.


lexentry: eng/North_Pole__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Pole
trans_list: Biegun północny
sense:
(geography) The Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole; the point which north is oriented towards, and therefore the northernmost point on Earth (having a latitude of 90°).


lexentry: eng/North_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Sea
trans_list: Morze Północne
sense:
A marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Britain (in the west), Scandinavia (in the east) and Germany, Netherlands, Belgium and France (in the south).


lexentry: eng/North_Star__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Star
trans_list: Gwiazda Biegunowa | Gwiazda Polarna
sense:
(astronomy) The current northern pole star, the star nearest the northern celestial pole, which has been Polaris for the last 1500 years.


lexentry: eng/North_Vietnam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Vietnam
trans_list: Wietnam Północny
sense:
(historical) A state (officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam) that governed northern Vietnam in 1945–1975.


lexentry: eng/Northern_Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Northern Europe
trans_list: Europa Północna
sense:
A sociopolitical region of Europe including such countries as Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.


lexentry: eng/Northern_Mariana_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Northern Mariana Islands
trans_list: Mariany Północne
sense:
An archipelago, commonwealth and dependent territory (technically, an unincorporated territory) of the United States in the Pacific Ocean. Official name: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.


lexentry: eng/Northern_Sami__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Northern Sami
trans_list: północnolapoński
sense:
The most widely spoken Sami language; it is spoken in northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland. It includes three dialects: Torne, Finnmark and Sea Sami.


lexentry: eng/Norway_spruce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Norway spruce
trans_list: swierk pospolity
sense:
A species of spruce native to Europe and naturalized in temperate northeastern North America, Picea abies.


lexentry: eng/Norwegian__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Norwegian
trans_list: język norweski | norweski
sense:
(uncountable) The language of Norway, which has two official forms (written standards): Bokmål and Nynorsk.


lexentry: eng/Norwegian_forest_cat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Norwegian forest cat
trans_list: kot norweski leśny
sense:
A domestic cat breed noted for its above average size, long, water-repellent fur and woolly undercoat.


lexentry: eng/Nouvelle-Aquitaine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nouvelle-Aquitaine
trans_list: Nowa Akwitania
sense:
An administrative region in southwestern France, established in 2016 by the merger of Aquitaine, Limousin, and Poitou-Charentes.


lexentry: eng/November__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: November
trans_list: listopad
sense:
The eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following October and preceding December. Abbreviation: Nov or Nov.


lexentry: eng/Novorossiya__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Novorossiya
trans_list: Noworosja
sense:
(historical) An area north of the Black Sea which was conquered by the Russian Empire at the end of the 18th century, located in present-day Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Numbers__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Numbers
trans_list: Księga Liczb
sense:
The Book of Numbers, the fourth of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the fourth book in the Torah.


lexentry: eng/Nuremberg_defense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nuremberg defense
trans_list: rozkaz to rozkaz
sense:
(ethics, international law, idiomatic) An explanation offered as an excuse for behaving in a criminal or wrongful manner, claiming that one acted in this way because one was ordered by others (particularly superiors) to do so.


lexentry: eng/Nîmes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nîmes
trans_list: Nîmes
sense:
A city in Occitanie, southern France, the capital of the department of Gard, formerly in the region of Languedoc-Roussillon.


lexentry: eng/Obukhovka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Obukhovka
trans_list: Obuchowka
sense:
A hamlet in Bolokonsky selsoviet, Bolshesoldatsky Raion, Kursk Oblast, Central Federal District, Russia.


lexentry: eng/Obukhovka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Obukhovka
trans_list: Obuchowka
sense:
A hamlet in Veselovsky selsoviet, Glushkovsky Raion, Kursk Oblast, Central Federal District, Russia.


lexentry: eng/Obukhovka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Obukhovka
trans_list: Obuchowka
sense:
A village in Lyubimovsky selsoviet, Korenevsky Raion, Kursk Oblast, Central Federal District, Russia, founded post 1699.


lexentry: eng/Occitan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Occitan
trans_list: okcytański | prowansalski
sense:
A Romance language spoken in Occitania, a region of Europe that includes Southern France, Auvergne, Limousin, and some parts of Catalonia and Italy.


lexentry: eng/Occitania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Occitania
trans_list: Oksytania
sense:
A region of Europe corresponding to Southern France, Auvergne, Limousin, and some parts of Catalonia and Italy, where the Occitan language was widely spoken and is still spoken.


lexentry: eng/Occitanie__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Occitanie
trans_list: Oksytania
sense:
An administrative region in southern France, created in 2016 by the merger of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées.


lexentry: eng/Oceania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oceania
trans_list: Oceania
sense:
A geographical region or continent composed of many islands (Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia) plus Australasia. It is located between Asia, Antarctica and the Americas.


lexentry: eng/Oceanus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oceanus
trans_list: Okeanos
sense:
(Greek god) Personification of vast waters or the world ocean. He was the first-born of the Titans, son of Uranus and Gaia, the god that encircled the earth. With his sister-wife, Tethys, he fathered all rivers and the Oceanids.


lexentry: eng/Ocheretyne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ocheretyne
trans_list: Oczeretyne
sense:
A rural settlement, the administrative centre of the settlement hromada of the same name, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, the Ukraine, founded in 1880


lexentry: eng/Octans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Octans
trans_list: Oktant
sense:
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an octant. It lies closest to the southern celestial pole of any constellation.


lexentry: eng/October__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: October
trans_list: październik
sense:
The tenth month of the Gregorian calendar, following September and preceding November. Abbreviation: Oct.


lexentry: eng/Odense__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Odense
trans_list: Odense
sense:
The largest city in the Region of Southern Denmark (Region Syddanmark) and third-largest city in Denmark.


lexentry: eng/Oder__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oder
trans_list: Odra
sense:
A river in central Europe, that flows from the Czech Republic through Poland and Germany to the Baltic Sea.


lexentry: eng/Odin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Odin
trans_list: Odyn
sense:
(Norse mythology, and, paganism) A major Germanic god, often described as chief of the pantheon, in his Norse form a member of the Æsir, married to Frigg and associated with knowledge, poetry and war. Wednesday refers to him by way of interpretatio germanica.


lexentry: eng/Odysseus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Odysseus
trans_list: Odyseusz | Ulisses | Odys
sense:
(Greek mythology) The son of Laertes and Anticlea and father of Telemachus. A Greek leader during the Trojan War, he was responsible for the Trojan horse. He was also king of Ithaca, hero of the Iliad and protagonist of the Odyssey.


lexentry: eng/Oedipus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oedipus
trans_list: Edyp
sense:
(Greek mythology) A son of Laius and Jocasta, who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother.


lexentry: eng/Oedipus_complex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oedipus complex
trans_list: kompleks Edypa
sense:
(psychoanalysis) In Freudian theory, the complex of emotions aroused in a child by an unconscious sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex.


lexentry: eng/Ohio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ohio
trans_list: Ohio
sense:
A river in the United States, flowing 981 miles from the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela at Pittsburgh into the Mississippi at Cairo, Illinois.


lexentry: eng/Ojibwe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ojibwe
trans_list: odżibwe
sense:
The language spoken by the native Algonquin people of central Canada, one of a closely related group of languages and dialects of the Algonquian branch of the Algic language family.


lexentry: eng/Okazaki_fragment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Okazaki fragment
trans_list: fragment Okazaki | odcinek Okazaki
sense:
(genetics, often, _, in the plural) One of many short, newly synthesized DNA fragments formed on the lagging template strand (i.e. lagging strand) during DNA replication.


lexentry: eng/Old_Armenian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Armenian
trans_list: staroormiański
sense:
The oldest attested form of the Armenian language, first written down at the beginning of the 5th century AD and spoken until 12th century; then replaced by Middle Armenian. Served as a literary language until the 18-19th centuries. Partly intelligible to speakers of modern Armenian.


lexentry: eng/Old_Believer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Believer
trans_list: staroobrzędowiec | staroobrzędówka | starowier | starowierca
sense:
(religion) Any of those who separated from the official Russian Orthodox Church after 1666 as a protest against the church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652 and 1666. They continue liturgical and ritual practices which predate the reforms.


lexentry: eng/Old_Catholic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Catholic
trans_list: starokatolicki
sense:
Pertaining to a group of churches that split from the Roman Catholic Church over the dogma of papal infallibility, which they did not agree with.


lexentry: eng/Old_East_Slavic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old East Slavic
trans_list: język staroruski | staroruski
sense:
(historical) A Slavic language used from the 10th to the 14th centuries by East Slavs in the state of Kievan Rus and its successors. The ancestor of Belarusian, Russian, Rusyn and Ukrainian.


lexentry: eng/Old_English_Sheepdog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old English Sheepdog
trans_list: owczarek staroangielski
sense:
A herding dog of a particular breed (also used as a pet), with shaggy grey and white fur also covering its face, and a docked tail.


lexentry: eng/Old_English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old English
trans_list: staroangielski
sense:
(linguistics, history) The ancestor language of Modern English, also called Anglo-Saxon, spoken in most of Britain from about 400 to 1100.


lexentry: eng/Old_High_German__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old High German
trans_list: język [[staro-wysoko-niemiecki]]
sense:
The early recorded form of the High German language, spoken from the 8th century to the 11th century.


lexentry: eng/Old_Irish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Irish
trans_list: staroirlandzki
sense:
The Irish language as attested from the sixth to the tenth centuries C.E., the oldest form of the Goidelic languages for which extensive texts (written in the Latin alphabet) are extant.


lexentry: eng/Old_Japanese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Japanese
trans_list: starojapoński
sense:
the oldest stage of the Japanese language; spoken through the 8th century and followed by Late Old Japanese


lexentry: eng/Old_Maid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Maid
trans_list: piotruś
sense:
(uncountable) A children's card game, sometimes played with a special deck, where the object of the game is for each player to find matches for all the cards in his hand, without being stuck with the single unmatchable card.


lexentry: eng/Old_Norse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Norse
trans_list: staronordyjski
sense:
The language of Scandinavia until the 14th century, the common ancestor of modern Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Faroese, and Icelandic.


lexentry: eng/Old_Novgorodian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Novgorodian
trans_list: staronowogrodzki
sense:
A dialect used in Old East Slavic birch-bark writings found around Novgorod, having some archaic features that were lost in other Slavic dialects.


lexentry: eng/Old_Persian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Persian
trans_list: staroperski
sense:
The ancestor language of Middle Persian, and via it of New Persian language. Attested in Old Persian cuneiform, in the period 525 B.C.E. - 300 B.C.E..


lexentry: eng/Old_Swedish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Swedish
trans_list: staroszwedzki
sense:
The medieval form of the Swedish language, markedly different from the modern language in having more complex case and gender systems.


lexentry: eng/Old_Testament__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Testament
trans_list: Stary Testament
sense:
(religion, chiefly, Christianity) The first major part of the Christian Bible, covering events before the coming of Christ, corresponding roughly to the Jewish Tanakh. Usually subdivided into the categories of law, history, poetry (or wisdom books), and prophecy.


lexentry: eng/Old_World_monkey__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old World monkey
trans_list: makakowate | małpa ogoniasta
sense:
A member of a group of primates, falling in the superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the clade Catarrhini.


lexentry: eng/Oleshky__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oleshky
trans_list: Oleszki
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of the urban hromada of the same name of Kherson Raion, Kherson Oblast, the Ukraine, founded in 1784 on the site of a much older settlement.


lexentry: eng/Olhivka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Olhivka
trans_list: Olhiwka
sense:
A village in Tavrychanka rural hromada, Kakhovka Raion, Kherson Oblast, the Ukraine, founded in 1902.


lexentry: eng/Oligocene__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oligocene
trans_list: oligoceński
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Paleogene period from about 34 to 23 million years ago; marked by the rapid evolution in a warm climate.


lexentry: eng/Olivia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Olivia
trans_list: Oliwia
sense:
A city, the county seat of Renville County, Minnesota, United States, named for a female station agent named Olive.


lexentry: eng/Olomouc_cheese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Olomouc cheese
trans_list: serki ołomunieckie | twarożki ołomunieckie
sense:
a kind of ripened soft cheese, characteristic with its strong scent, distinctive pungent taste and yellowish colour, traditionally made in central Moravia, the Czech Republic


lexentry: eng/Olympiad__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Olympiad
trans_list: olimpiada
sense:
(by, _, extension, usually, _, preceded, _) A competition aspiring to the importance of the Olympic Games or considered similar to them, especially one occurring at 4-year intervals, representing a national or international range of amateur student rather than professional adult competition, and/or requiring the highest level of ability in the field for success.


lexentry: eng/Olympian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Olympian
trans_list: olimpijski
sense:
(not comparable) Of or relating to Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece; or (Greek mythology) the Greek gods and goddesses who were believed to live there.


lexentry: eng/Olympic_Games__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Olympic Games
trans_list: Igrzyska olimpijskie | Olimpiada
sense:
(historical, Ancient Greece) A sporting festival held every four or five years on the Plain of Olympia in southern Greece, in honour of Zeus. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Olympic_Games__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Olympic Games
trans_list: Igrzyska olimpijskie
sense:
An international multi-sport event (inspired by the ancient festival) taking place every fourth year. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Olympic_Rings__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Olympic Rings
trans_list: Koła Olimpijskie
sense:
A symbol consisting of five interlocking colored rings, each one representing a continent that competes in the Olympic Games.


lexentry: eng/Olympic_village__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Olympic village
trans_list: wioska olimpijska
sense:
An area where participating athletes, as well as officials and trainers, are accommodated during the Olympic Games.


lexentry: eng/Omsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Omsk
trans_list: Omsk
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Omsk Oblast, Russia, the seventh-largest in the country by population.


lexentry: eng/Ondine's_curse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ondine's curse
trans_list: klątwa Ondyny
sense:
(disease) A medical condition marked by malfunction of the nerves that control involuntary body functions, causing breathing to require conscious effort and therefore meaning patients will die if they fall asleep.


lexentry: eng/Onega__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Onega
trans_list: Onega
sense:
a freshwater lake in the north-west European part of Russia, located on the territory of Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast and Vologda Oblast


lexentry: eng/Oort_Cloud__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oort Cloud
trans_list: Obłok Oorta
sense:
(astronomy) The Solar System's Oort cloud, extending from 50,000 to 100,000 astronomical units (approximately 1 light year) from the sun; supposedly the source of most comets around the Solar System.


lexentry: eng/Ophiuchus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ophiuchus
trans_list: Wężownik
sense:
(zodiac constellations) A zodiacal constellation of the northern summer said to depict a man (Asclepius) holding a serpent; the serpent is the constellation Serpens.


lexentry: eng/Ops__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ops
trans_list: Ops | Ops Consivia
sense:
(Roman god) The goddess of earth and fertility. Equivalent to the Greek Rhea, Ops was the sister-wife of Saturn and mother of Jupiter. After Saturn learned of a prophecy that his children by Ops would overthrow him, he ate each of them just after they were born; however, Ops saved Jupiter by feeding Saturn a stone instead.


lexentry: eng/Oregon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oregon
trans_list: Oregon
sense:
A state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Capital: Salem. Largest city: Portland.


lexentry: eng/Oregon_grape__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oregon grape
trans_list: mahonia
sense:
An evergreen shrub (Berberis aquifolium, syn. Mahonia aquifolium) native to the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada, having broadly serrated, glossy leaves and clusters of yellow flowers that develop into dark bluish-purple fruits.


lexentry: eng/Oriental__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Oriental
trans_list: orientalny
sense:
Pertaining to the regions east of the Mediterranean, beyond the Roman Empire or the early Christian world; of the Near East, the Middle East or the Far East, now especially relating to East Asia. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/Oriental_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oriental studies
trans_list: orientalistyka
sense:
(humanities) an academic field of study that embraces Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology


lexentry: eng/Orikhiv__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orikhiv
trans_list: Orichiw | Orzechów
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of the urban hromada of the same name, Polohy Raion, Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine, founded circa 1783


lexentry: eng/Orion's_Belt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orion's Belt
trans_list: Pas Oriona
sense:
(constellation) A bright asterism located near the celestial equator, consisting of three bright stars lined up and visibly close together.


lexentry: eng/Orion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Orion
trans_list: Orion
sense:
(constellation) A constellation on the celestial equator close to Gemini and Taurus, containing the stars Betelgeuse and Rigel.


lexentry: eng/Orleanian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orleanian
trans_list: orleański
sense:
Of or relating to a period of geologic time 20 to 16 million years ago, within the Miocene, preceding the Astaracian age and following the Agenian age.


lexentry: eng/Orontes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orontes
trans_list: Orontes
sense:
A river in Western Asia, about 400 km (250 mi) long, flowing from Lebanon through Syria before entering the Mediterranean Sea near Samandağ in Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Orpheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orpheus
trans_list: Orfeusz
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Thracian musician and poet, who failed to retrieve his wife Eurydice from Hades.


lexentry: eng/Orphism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orphism
trans_list: orfizm
sense:
(religion, Ancient Greece) A religious movement in antiquity, supposed to have been founded by Orpheus.


lexentry: eng/Orthodox__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Orthodox
trans_list: prawosławny | prawowierny
sense:
(Christianity, loosely) Of or pertaining to a particular Orthodox Church, usually the Eastern Orthodox Church, sometimes the Oriental Orthodox Church or the Church of the East.


lexentry: eng/Orthodoxy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Orthodoxy
trans_list: prawosławie
sense:
The aggregate of the definitive elements of the Eastern Orthodox Church, such as its faith, worship, theology, and traditions.


lexentry: eng/Orwellian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orwellian
trans_list: orwellowski
sense:
Resembling the totalitarian political methods decried in the works of writer George Orwell, particularly in the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four; characterized by use of misleading terminology, propaganda, censorship, surveillance and repression. [1950]


lexentry: eng/Oskil__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oskil
trans_list: Oskoł
sense:
A river in Russia and Ukraine which arises roughly between Kursk and Voronezh and flows south to join the Seversky Donets.


lexentry: eng/Osroene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Osroene
trans_list: Osroene
sense:
(historical) An ancient Syriac kingdom, Roman province and historical region in northwestern Mesopotamia in modern Turkey and Syria, which enjoyed semi-autonomy to complete independence from the years of 132 B.C.E. to 244 C.E..


lexentry: eng/Ossetia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ossetia
trans_list: Osetia
sense:
An ethnolinguistic region on the border of Europe and Asia, located on both sides of the Greater Caucasus Mountains, largely inhabited by the Ossetians. The northern part of the region forms North Ossetia-Alania federal subject of Russia. The southern part is South Ossetia.


lexentry: eng/Ostrogoth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ostrogoth
trans_list: Ostrogot | Ostrogotka
sense:
Any member of an ancient East Germanic tribe, one branch of the Goths (the Visigoths being the other), which invaded Italy in the sixth century


lexentry: eng/Other__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Other
trans_list: inny
sense:
(philosophy, psychoanalysis) Radical alterity or otherness conceived or reified as a separate entity; “other people” altogether in their difference from oneself.


lexentry: eng/Ottoman_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ottoman Empire
trans_list: Imperium Osmańskie
sense:
(historical) A large Turkish empire which began as a Turkish sultanate centered in modern Turkey; founded in the late 13th century, it lasted until the end of World War I.


lexentry: eng/Ottoman_Turkish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ottoman Turkish
trans_list: język osmańsko-turecki
sense:
A historical division of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire.


lexentry: eng/Ouija__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ouija
trans_list: ouija
sense:
(countable) A board, having letters of the alphabet and the words yes and no; used with a planchette during a seance to "communicate" with spirits.


lexentry: eng/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Our Lady of Sorrows
trans_list: Matka Boska Bolesna | Matka Boża Siedmiobolesna
sense:
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Catholicism) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her grief at the Christ's crucifixion.


lexentry: eng/Oxfordian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oxfordian
trans_list: oksford
sense:
(geology) The age from 163.5±1.0 Ma to 157.3±1.0 Ma or the stage of rocks (chiefly coral-derived limestones) deposited during it.


lexentry: eng/PS__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: PS
trans_list: PS
sense:
Initialism of post scriptum, postscriptum, postscript. (initialism written at the end of a text as a footnote)


lexentry: eng/Pacific_Northwest__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pacific Northwest
trans_list: Wybrzeże Północno-Zachodnie
sense:
The region of North America along the Pacific coast, typically defined as the states of Washington and Oregon and the southern part of the province of British Columbia, but variously including northern California, Idaho, all of British Columbia, the Yukon territory, and the panhandle of or all of Alaska.


lexentry: eng/Pacific_Ocean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pacific Ocean
trans_list: Ocean Spokojny | Pacyfik | Ocean Wielki
sense:
An ocean, the world's largest body of water, to the east of Asia and Australasia and to the west of the Americas.


lexentry: eng/Pacific_herring__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pacific herring
trans_list: śledź
sense:
A species of the herring family native to north Pacific Ocean from Yellow Sea to Baja California; Clupea pallasii.


lexentry: eng/Pacific_saury__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pacific saury
trans_list: sajra
sense:
A species of the saury family native to north Pacific Ocean from Yellow Sea to Gulf of Alaska; Cololabis saira.


lexentry: eng/Paeonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paeonia
trans_list: Paeonia
sense:
The land of the Paeonians, a people inhabiting between the lands of Macedonians, Thracians, and Illyrians.


lexentry: eng/Paki_shop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paki shop
trans_list: Arab
sense:
(UK, Ireland, offensive, _, slang, derogatory) A corner shop run by a Pakistani or any other person of South-West and North-West Asian descent.


lexentry: eng/Palace_of_Westminster__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palace of Westminster
trans_list: pałac Westminsterski
sense:
An extensive building on the north bank of the River Thames in London, housing the House of Commons and the House of Lords.


lexentry: eng/Palaic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palaic
trans_list: język palajski
sense:
An extinct Indo-European language belonging to Anatolian branch, attested in cuneiform tablets in Bronze Age Hattusa.


lexentry: eng/Palau__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palau
trans_list: Palau | Belau
sense:
A country consisting of around 340 islands in Micronesia, in Oceania. Official name: Republic of Palau. Capital: Ngerulmud.


lexentry: eng/Palauan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palauan
trans_list: język palau
sense:
A language spoken in the Pacific, in the Republic of Palau. It is a member of the Austronesian family of languages, and is considered to be one of two languages in Micronesia belonging to the Western Austronesian group, all others considered to be members of the Oceanic subgroup.


lexentry: eng/Palearctic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palearctic
trans_list: Palearktyka
sense:
(geography, biogeography) One of the major ecozones of the world, covering Europe, the old USSR territories, part of North Africa, and North Asia including the Himalaya foothills.


lexentry: eng/Paleo_diet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paleo diet
trans_list: dieta paleo
sense:
A nutritional plan based on the presumed ancient diet of wild plants and animals that various hominid species habitually consumed during the Paleolithic.


lexentry: eng/Paleocene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paleocene
trans_list: paleocen
sense:
(geology) A geologic epoch within the Paleogene period from about 65 to 56 million years ago; marked by the rise of the first large mammals in a tropical climate.


lexentry: eng/Paleogene__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paleogene
trans_list: paleogeński
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Cenozoic era; comprises the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene epochs from about 65 to 23 million years ago.


lexentry: eng/Palestine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Palestine
trans_list: Palestyna
sense:
(historical, technical) A British colonial entity administering approximately the lands mentioned in definition 1.


lexentry: eng/Palestine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Palestine
trans_list: Palestyna
sense:
(historical, technical, rare) The British League of Nations Mandate for Palestine, of which this region was a part (the remainder being Transjordan, which covered approximately the lands of the modern Kingdom (originally Emirate) of Jordan).


lexentry: eng/Pali__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pali
trans_list: pali
sense:
A Middle Indo-Aryan language of north India, closely related to Sanskrit; the sacred language of the Buddhist scriptures. [from 1690s]


lexentry: eng/Pallas's_leaf_warbler__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pallas's leaf warbler
trans_list: świstunka złotawa
sense:
Phylloscopus proregulus, a leaf warbler that breeds in mountain forests from southern Siberia east to northern Mongolia and northeast China.


lexentry: eng/Palmyra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palmyra
trans_list: Palmyra
sense:
An ancient city, an oasis in the Syrian Desert, in present-day central Syria, recorded historically from around 2000 BCE, subsequently subject to various empires and destroyed in 273 CE and again in 1400, when it was reduced to a village.


lexentry: eng/Pan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pan
trans_list: Pan
sense:
(Greek god) Greek god of nature, often visualized as half goat and half man playing pipes. His Roman counterpart is Faunus.


lexentry: eng/Panama_hat_palm__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Panama hat palm
trans_list: łyczkowiec dłoniasty
sense:
A palm-like plant of species Carludovica palmata, native to Central and South America and used for its fibers.


lexentry: eng/Panchen_Lama__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Panchen Lama
trans_list: panczenlama
sense:
(Tibetan Buddhism) The second-highest-ranking lama of the Gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism, after the Dalai Lama.


lexentry: eng/Pandora__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pandora
trans_list: Pandora
sense:
(Greek mythology) The first woman on earth, who had been given a box by the gods and instructed not to open it, but who disobeyed the instructions out of curiosity, releasing all manner of evils into the world.


lexentry: eng/Pangaea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pangaea
trans_list: Pangea
sense:
(geology) A supercontinent that included all the landmasses of the earth before the Triassic period and that broke up into Laurasia and Gondwana.


lexentry: eng/Panzerfaust__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Panzerfaust
trans_list: pancerfaust | panzerfaust
sense:
A light, single-shot anti-tank grenade launcher developed in Germany in the latter stages of the Second World War.


lexentry: eng/Papal_States__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Papal States
trans_list: Państwo Kościelne
sense:
(historical) A country in southern Europe that existed until 1870, comprising the territories of Italy over which the pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense.


lexentry: eng/Paphlagonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paphlagonia
trans_list: Paflagonia
sense:
A historical region in northern Asia Minor, on the shore of the Black Sea, between Bithynia and Pontus


lexentry: eng/Papua_New_Guinea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Papua New Guinea
trans_list: Papua-Nowa Gwinea
sense:
A country in Oceania. Official name: Independent State of Papua New Guinea. Capital and largest city: Port Moresby.


lexentry: eng/Papua__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Papua
trans_list: Papua
sense:
The southern part of what is now called Papua New Guinea, formerly administered as a separate territory to New Guinea.


lexentry: eng/Paraclete__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paraclete
trans_list: Paraklet
sense:
(Christianity) The Holy Spirit, the Holy Ghost, especially in its role as comforter of the faithful.


lexentry: eng/Paraguay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paraguay
trans_list: Paragwaj
sense:
A country in South America. Official name: Republic of Paraguay. Capital and largest city: Asunción.


lexentry: eng/Paralympic_Games__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paralympic Games
trans_list: paraolimpiada
sense:
An international sports competition participated in by sportspeople with physical disabilities, which is held every four years as a counterpart of the Olympic Games and nowadays at the same venue.


lexentry: eng/Pareto_principle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pareto principle
trans_list: zasada
sense:
The principle that describes the phenomenon wherein a small percentage of a population accounts for a large proportion of a particular characteristic of that population.


lexentry: eng/Paris_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paris syndrome
trans_list: syndrom paryski
sense:
An alleged transient psychological disorder encountered by some people visiting or vacationing in Paris, France, resulting from shock at their discovery that Paris is not what they had expected it to be.


lexentry: eng/Parkinson's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Parkinson's disease
trans_list: choroba Parkinsona
sense:
(neurology, disease) A chronic neurological disorder affecting movement, characterized by tremor, slowness of movement (bradykinesia), cogwheel or lead-pipe rigidity, and postural instability.


lexentry: eng/Parthian_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Parthian Empire
trans_list: Królestwo Pártow
sense:
(historical) An ancient empire of Western Asia founded as a kingdom by Arsaces I with his 3rd-century-BCE conquest of Parthia (only recently a satrapy of the Seleucid Empire) and subsequently greatly expanded by Mithridates I.


lexentry: eng/Pascal's_triangle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pascal's triangle
trans_list: trójkąt Pascala
sense:
(mathematics) A geometric representation of the binomial coefficients in a triangle, each entry being the sum of the two entries above.


lexentry: eng/Paschal_Lamb__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Paschal Lamb
trans_list: Baranek Boży
sense:
(heraldiccharge) A lamb depicted with nimbus and bearing a flag (usually St. George's cross: argent a cross gules).


lexentry: eng/Paschal_Triduum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paschal Triduum
trans_list: Triduum Paschalne
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) A period of three days that begins with the liturgy on the evening of Maundy Thursday.


lexentry: eng/Pashto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pashto
trans_list: paszto
sense:
The native Indo-Iranian language of the Pashtun people; an official language of Afghanistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/Pashtun__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pashtun
trans_list: pasztuński
sense:
Of or relating to the Pashtuns (a segmentary-lineage ethnic group currently numbering some 50 million people, which is the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan and the second largest in Pakistan), or to their culture.


lexentry: eng/Pashtunistan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pashtunistan
trans_list: Pasztunistan
sense:
The geographic region historically inhabited by the indigenous Pashtun people of modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/Passau__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Passau
trans_list: Pasawa
sense:
An independent town in Lower Bavaria, Bavaria, Germany, on the confluence of Inn and Ilz into Danube.


lexentry: eng/Passionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Passionist
trans_list: pasjonista | pasjonistka
sense:
A member of a Roman Catholic religious institute with a special emphasis on the Passion of Jesus Christ.


lexentry: eng/Passover__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Passover
trans_list: Pascha
sense:
The one-day Biblical feast or festival (not a holy day) that begins at twilight at the beginning of the fourteenth day of the first month (Abib 14 / Nisan 14), during which the first-born sons of the Israelites were passed over while those of the Egyptians were killed; this feast day is then immediately followed by the seven-day Feast of Unleavened Bread (Nisan 15 to 21; the first and seventh days are holy days or annual or yearly Sabbaths).


lexentry: eng/Pastafarianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pastafarianism
trans_list: pastafarianizm
sense:
A parody religion centered around the Flying Spaghetti Monster, a creator deity who resembles spaghetti and meatballs.


lexentry: eng/Pasterska_Góra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pasterska Góra
trans_list: Pasterska Góra
sense:
A hill (maximum elevation: 711 m) in the Table Mountains on the border of Czech Republic and Poland, near and named for the Polish village of Pasterka.


lexentry: eng/Patagonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Patagonia
trans_list: Patagonia
sense:
A geographical region in southern South America, including the southern parts of Chile and Argentina


lexentry: eng/Patras__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Patras
trans_list: Patra
sense:
The third most populated Greek city (after Athens and Thessaloniki), the most populated city in the Peloponnese and the capital of Western Greece (administrative region of Greece).


lexentry: eng/Paulist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paulist
trans_list: paulin
sense:
A member of various religious orders associated with either of the saints Paul of Thebes and Paul of Tarsus.


lexentry: eng/Pavo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pavo
trans_list: Paw
sense:
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a peacock. It lies between the constellations Telescopium and Octans.


lexentry: eng/Peace_Corps__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Peace Corps
trans_list: Korpus Pokoju
sense:
An independent United States federal agency for volunteers to help in developing countries where aid is needed.


lexentry: eng/Pecheneg__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pecheneg
trans_list: Pieczynieg
sense:
(historical) A member of a specific semi-nomadic Turkic people from central Asia, some of whom migrated into eastern Europe.


lexentry: eng/Pegasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pegasus
trans_list: Pegaz
sense:
(Greek mythology) A winged horse fabled to have sprung from the blood of Medusa when she was slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof, Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from Mount Helicon. Bellerophon tamed and rode upon Pegasus when he defeated the Chimaera.


lexentry: eng/Pegasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pegasus
trans_list: Pegaz
sense:
(constellation) A constellation of the northern sky, near the vernal equinoctial point, representing the winged horse. Its three brightest stars, with the brightest star of Andromeda, form the asterism of the Great Square of Pegasus.


lexentry: eng/Peipus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Peipus
trans_list: Pejpus
sense:
A large freshwater lake on the border between Estonia and Russia in Northern Europe. It is the fifth-largest lake in Europe, and the largest in Estonia. The lake consists of three parts: Peipsi (Chudskoe), Pihkva (Pskovskoe), Lämmijärv (Teploe).


lexentry: eng/Peloponnese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Peloponnese
trans_list: Peloponez
sense:
A peninsula in Greece, separated from mainland Europe by the Gulf of Corinth and connected to it by the Isthmus of Corinth.


lexentry: eng/Pennsylvanian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pennsylvanian
trans_list: pensylwański
sense:
(geology) Of any of the three geologic epochs (lower, middle and upper) within the Carboniferous period from 318 to 299 million years ago; marked by a high oxygen atmosphere and the rise of reptiles and winged insects.


lexentry: eng/Perioikoi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Perioikoi
trans_list: periojkowie
sense:
The ancient inhabitants of Laconia who were free residents of the mountains and the beaches of Laconia.


lexentry: eng/Permian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Permian
trans_list: permski
sense:
(geology) Pertaining to the last geologic period of the Paleozoic era; comprising the Cisuralian, Guadalupian and Lopingian epochs from about 280 to 248 million years ago. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Peronism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Peronism
trans_list: peronizm
sense:
(politics) The eclectic political ideology attributed to the former Argentine leaders Juan Perón and Eva Duarte de Perón, combining populism, nationalism and state intervention, but originally chiefly centred on their personalities.


lexentry: eng/Perseid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Perseid
trans_list: Perseidy
sense:
(astronomy) Any of the meteors in a meteor shower that appears to come from the constellation Perseus.


lexentry: eng/Persephone__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Persephone
trans_list: Persefona
sense:
(Greek god) A minor deity, the queen of the Underworld/Hades, and goddess of the seasons and vegetation. Originally named Kore/Core, she is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter; and the wife of Hades. Her Roman counterpart is Proserpina.


lexentry: eng/Perseus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Perseus
trans_list: Perseusz
sense:
(Greek mythology) The mythological Greek warrior who slew the Gorgon Medusa by decapitating her. He married Andromeda after rescuing her from Ceto and founded Mycenae. He was the son of Zeus and Danae.


lexentry: eng/Perseus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Perseus
trans_list: Perseusz
sense:
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the mythical hero. It includes the stars Algenib, Algol, and Mirfak.


lexentry: eng/Persia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Persia
trans_list: Persja
sense:
Persia proper (Persis), the land of the ancient Persians, corresponding to modern-day Fars province in southwestern Iran.


lexentry: eng/Persian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Persian
trans_list: perski
sense:
(uncountable) The Persian language, or a family of languages spoken primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.


lexentry: eng/Peter_Pan_syndrome__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Peter Pan syndrome
trans_list: syndrom Piotrusia Pana | kompleks Piotrusia Pana
sense:
(idiomatic) The supposed psychological phenomenon of immaturity among some men, who, like the fictional character, remain childish or childlike and fail to assume appropriate adult social roles and responsibilities.


lexentry: eng/Peter__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Peter
trans_list: List Piotra | List [[św.]] Piotra | List świętego Piotra Apostoła | P
sense:
(biblical) The epistles of Peter in the New Testament of the Bible, 1 Peter and 2 Peter attributed to St. Peter.


lexentry: eng/Petrarchan_sonnet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Petrarchan sonnet
trans_list: sonet Petrarki | sonet włoski
sense:
(poetry) A sonnet comprising an octave and a closing sestet, following the rhyme scheme of either abba abba cde cde or abba abba cd cd cd or abba abba cce dde or abba abba cdd cee.


lexentry: eng/Petrograd__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Petrograd
trans_list: Piotrogród
sense:
A region of Saint Petersburg city, Saint Petersburg, Northwest Russia district, European Russia, Russia.


lexentry: eng/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
trans_list: Pietropawłowsk | Pietropawłowsk Kamczacki
sense:
A city in the far East of Russia, administrative centre of Kamchatka kray, also called Petropavlovsk


lexentry: eng/Phanariote__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phanariote
trans_list: fanariota
sense:
(now, historical) An inhabitant of Phanar, the historically Greek district of Constantinople; hence, a member of the Greek official class in the Ottoman Empire. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Pharisee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pharisee
trans_list: faryzeusz
sense:
(historical) A member of an ancient Jewish political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple Era (536 B.C.E.–70 C.E.). The movement was ultimately the basis for most contemporary forms of Judaism.


lexentry: eng/Phaëthon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phaëthon
trans_list: Faeton
sense:
(Greek mythology) the son of the sun god Helios who was killed by Zeus while trying to drive his father's chariot across the sky


lexentry: eng/Philemon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Philemon
trans_list: List do Filemona | Filemon
sense:
The eighteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to a fellow Christian called Philemon.


lexentry: eng/Philippians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Philippians
trans_list: List do Filipian
sense:
(biblical) The eleventh book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of St Paul to the Philippians.


lexentry: eng/Philippine_eagle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Philippine eagle
trans_list: małpożer
sense:
Pithecophaga jefferyi, a species of eagle endemic to forests in the Philippines that has brown and white-coloured plumage, and a shaggy crest.


lexentry: eng/Philistine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Philistine
trans_list: Filistyn | Filistynka
sense:
(historical) A non-Semitic person from ancient Philistia, a region in the southwest Levant in the Middle East.


lexentry: eng/Phoenicia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phoenicia
trans_list: Fenicja
sense:
The land of city states of the Phoenicians which around 1000 BC was situated on the coast of present day Syria and Lebanon, and included the cities of Tyre and Sidon.


lexentry: eng/Phoenix__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Phoenix
trans_list: Feniks
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the mythical bird. It lies north of Tucana.


lexentry: eng/Phoney_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phoney War
trans_list: dziwna wojna
sense:
(historical) During World War Two, the period of limited military activity from the outbreak of hostilities on September 3rd, 1939 until Germany's attack on the Low Countries on May 10th, 1940.


lexentry: eng/Phosphorus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Phosphorus
trans_list: Wenus
sense:
An Ancient Greek name for the morning star (the planet Venus when it is visible in the eastern sky before sunrise).


lexentry: eng/Phrixus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phrixus
trans_list: Friksos | Fryksos
sense:
(Greek mythology) Son of Athamas and brother of Helle, with whom he fled to Colchis on a golden winged ram.


lexentry: eng/Phrygia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phrygia
trans_list: Frygia
sense:
(historical) Ancient kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Phrygian_cap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phrygian cap
trans_list: czapka frygijska | czapka wolności
sense:
(Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome) A soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward, represented in Greek and Roman art as worn by ancient Phrygians, and later associated with the Roman liberty cap.


lexentry: eng/Phrygian_cap__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Phrygian cap
trans_list: pęcherzyk w kształcie czapki frygijskiej
sense:
(by extension, anatomy) A congenital abnormality of the gall bladder with no pathological significance, caused by a folding at the distal part of the fundus.


lexentry: eng/Piarist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Piarist
trans_list: pijar
sense:
A member of the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools, a Catholic educational order founded in the sixteenth century.


lexentry: eng/Picardy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Picardy
trans_list: Pikardia
sense:
A former administrative region and historical province of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Hauts-de-France.


lexentry: eng/Pictor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pictor
trans_list: Malarz
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an easel. It lies between the constellations Carina and Dorado.


lexentry: eng/Pied_Piper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pied Piper
trans_list: Flecista z Hameln | Szczurołap z Hameln
sense:
A folk tale or legend, dating back to the Middle Ages, about a rat-catcher in variegated attire, hired by the German town of Hamelin, who is not paid for his services and retaliates by luring away the local children by playing a flute.


lexentry: eng/Pierrot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pierrot
trans_list: Piotrek
sense:
A character from French pantomime; a buffoon in a loose white outfit; a popular choice for a masquerade costume.


lexentry: eng/Pijin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pijin
trans_list: neosalomoński
sense:
In full Solomon Islands Pijin, Solomon Pijin, or Solomons Pijin: a language spoken on the Solomon Islands, which is a form of Melanesian Pidgin.


lexentry: eng/Pilate__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pilate
trans_list: Piłat | Poncjusz Piłat
sense:
(biblical character) Pontius Pilate, the man who, according to the Bible, ordered the crucifixion of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Piltdown_Man__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Piltdown Man
trans_list: człowiek z Piltdown
sense:
(taxonomy) A supposed early human theorized from bone fragments said to have been found in a gravel pit in Piltdown, England, in 1912, but later identified as a forgery.


lexentry: eng/Pinocchio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pinocchio
trans_list: Pinokio
sense:
The fictional boy made from wood whose nose gets longer with each lie he tells, protagonist of the story The Adventures of Pinocchio (1881–1883) by Carlo Collodi.


lexentry: eng/Piraeus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Piraeus
trans_list: Pireus
sense:
A municipality and port in Greece, part of Athens agglomeration, the chief port of Athens, located on the Saronic Gulf.


lexentry: eng/Pirandellian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pirandellian
trans_list: pirandellowski
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the works of Luigi Pirandello (1867–1936), Italian dramatist and poet; especially describing drama in which actors become inseparable and indistinct from the characters that they play.


lexentry: eng/Pisces__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pisces
trans_list: Ryby
sense:
(zodiac constellations) The Fish, a Greco-Roman constellation of the zodiac named for its presumed resemblance to a pair of fish


lexentry: eng/Pisces__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pisces
trans_list: Ryby
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the fish, supposed to be ruled by Neptune and to influence events occurring between February 20 and March 20 (tropical) or, less often, between March 15 and April 14 (sidereal).


lexentry: eng/Piscis_Austrinus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Piscis Austrinus
trans_list: Południowa Ryba | Ryba Południowa
sense:
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a fish. It contains the star Fomalhaut.


lexentry: eng/Planck's_constant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Planck's constant
trans_list: stała Plancka
sense:
(quantum mechanics) the constant of proportionality (symbol ℎ), relating the energy and frequency of a photon (6.626×10−34 joule-second); also related to the indeterminacy limit in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle; the quantum of action


lexentry: eng/Platonic_solid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Platonic solid
trans_list: bryła platońska
sense:
(geometry) Any of five convex polyhedra with congruent regular polygonal faces, which have a high degree of symmetry and have been studied since antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Pleiades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pleiades
trans_list: Plejady
sense:
(Greek god) The "seven sisters", companions of Artemis and daughters of the Titan Atlas and the sea-nymph Pleione.


lexentry: eng/Pleiades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pleiades
trans_list: Plejady
sense:
(astronomy) An open cluster of hot blue stars in the constellation Taurus, and the most easily visible such cluster from Earth.


lexentry: eng/Pleistocene__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pleistocene
trans_list: plejstoceński
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Quaternary period from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago (earlier definition 1.7 million to 11,000 years ago); marked by the evolution of man, and the extinction of the large mammals.


lexentry: eng/Pliocene__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pliocene
trans_list: plioceński
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Neogene period from about 5.3 to 1.7 million years ago; marked by the appearance of humanity's first ancestors.


lexentry: eng/Pliushchivka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pliushchivka
trans_list: Pluszcziwka
sense:
A village in Bashtanka urban hromada, Bashtanka Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast, the Ukraine, founded in 1803.


lexentry: eng/Plutarch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Plutarch
trans_list: Plutarch
sense:
The classical historian and essayist Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (46-120 C.E.). Often used as a byword for a biographer, to suggest that the writer is especially skilled or has other attributes associated with Plutarch.


lexentry: eng/Pluto__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pluto
trans_list: Pluton
sense:
(astronomy) The largest dwarf planet and formerly the ninth planet, represented by the symbol ♇ or ⯓, both now used mostly in astrology. [from 1930]


lexentry: eng/Plutonic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Plutonic
trans_list: głęboki
sense:
(by extension, geology, mineralogy) Of or pertaining to rocks formed deep in the Earth's crust, rather than by volcanoes at the surface of the Earth.


lexentry: eng/Pluviôse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pluviôse
trans_list: pluviôse
sense:
(historical) The fifth month of the French Republican Calendar, from January 20, 21 or 22 to February 18, 19 or 20.


lexentry: eng/Pnyx__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pnyx
trans_list: Pnyks
sense:
(Ancient Greece, historical) A hill in Athens west of the Acropolis with a stone platform and steps set into its side, which was used as the meeting place of the democratic assembly in Ancient Greece.


lexentry: eng/Pogradec__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pogradec
trans_list: Pogradec
sense:
A city in southeastern Albania, located on a narrow plain along the southwestern shore of Lake Ohrid; it is the seat of its eponymous municipality and municipal unit.


lexentry: eng/Pogrebki__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pogrebki
trans_list: Pogriebki
sense:
A village, the administrative centre of Pogrebskoy selsoviet, Sudzhansky Raion, Kursk Oblast, Central Federal District, Russia


lexentry: eng/Poitou__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Poitou
trans_list: Poitou | Piktawia
sense:
A historical region in France, now included in Nouvelle-Aquitaine and formerly in Poitou-Charentes. Seat: Poitiers.


lexentry: eng/Pokrovsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Pokrovsk
trans_list: Pokrowsk
sense:
The former name, until 1947, of Pokrovsk-Uralsky (an urban-type settlement in Severouralsky urban okrug, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Ural Federal District, Russia).


lexentry: eng/Polaris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polaris
trans_list: Gwiazda Polarna | Polaris
sense:
(star) α Ursae Minoris, a trinary star in the constellation Ursa Minor located near the north celestial pole for the last 1500 years.


lexentry: eng/Polish_People's_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polish People's Republic
trans_list: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
sense:
(historical) A Marxist-Leninist country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989, the predecessor of the current Republic of Poland.


lexentry: eng/Polish_notation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polish notation
trans_list: Notacja polska
sense:
(arithmetic, logic) A notation for arithmetic (and logical) formulae in which operations (respectively, quantifiers and operands) are written immediately before their operands, used to avoid the need for parentheses; for example, 3 * (4 + 7) is written as * 3 + 4 7 and A AND B is written as AND A B.


lexentry: eng/Polish_plait__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polish plait
trans_list: kołtun
sense:
(now, possibly, offensive) A medical condition resulting from deficient hair care in which the uncombed hair becomes irreversibly entangled, forming a matted mass, which can become malodorous and encrusted or sticky.


lexentry: eng/Polish_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polish studies
trans_list: polonistyka | filologia polska
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the Polish language, Polish linguistics, and Polish sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Polonize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polonize
trans_list: polonizować | polszczyć | spolonizować | spolszczać | spolszczyć
sense:
(transitive) To make Polish as to custom, culture, language, or style; to adapt to the norms of the Republic of Poland.


lexentry: eng/Polynesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polynesia
trans_list: Polinezja
sense:
A region of Oceania, including Easter Island, Hawaii, New Zealand, and most of the islands between them.


lexentry: eng/Pomerania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pomerania
trans_list: Pomorze
sense:
A former duchy, historical province of Prussia, and now a region split between Germany and Poland on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea.


lexentry: eng/Poohsticks__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Poohsticks
trans_list: misie-patysie
sense:
(games) A game where each player throws a stick on the upstream side of a bridge crossing a river, and see whose comes out first on the other side.


lexentry: eng/Popemobile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Popemobile
trans_list: papamobile
sense:
(informal) Any of various vehicles with bulletproof glass sides used to transport the Pope through crowds safely while allowing an open view.


lexentry: eng/Portugal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Portugal
trans_list: Portugalia
sense:
A country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula. Official name: Portuguese Republic. Capital and largest city: Lisbon.


lexentry: eng/Portuguese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Portuguese
trans_list: portugalski | Portugalczyk
sense:
A Romance language originating in Portugal, and now the official language of Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guiné Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Cape Verde, East Timor, and Brazil.


lexentry: eng/Portuguese_man-of-war__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Portuguese man-of-war
trans_list: żeglarz portugalski | aretuza | bąbelnica bąbelcowa
sense:
Physalia physalis, a marine cnidarian consisting of a floating colony of hydrozoans attached to a float, superficially resembling a jellyfish.


lexentry: eng/Poseidon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Poseidon
trans_list: Posejdon
sense:
(Greek god) The god of the sea and other waters, earthquakes and horses; corresponds to the Roman god Neptune.


lexentry: eng/Praetorian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Praetorian
trans_list: pretorianin
sense:
(historical, Ancient Rome) A member of a special bodyguard force used by Roman emperors, their symbol being the scorpion.


lexentry: eng/Prague__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Prague
trans_list: Praga | praski
sense:
The capital city of the Czech Republic; former capital of Czechoslovakia; former capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia.


lexentry: eng/Prakrit__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Prakrit
trans_list: prakryty
sense:
Any one of several Middle Indo-Aryan languages, all derived from dialects of Old Indo-Aryan languages. [from 1766]


lexentry: eng/Precambrian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Precambrian
trans_list: prekambr
sense:
(geology) The Precambrian supereon; spanning from the formation of the Earth around 4.6 billion years ago to the emergence of hard-shelled creatures 541 million years ago.


lexentry: eng/Primat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Primat
trans_list: małpa
sense:
A very large champagne bottle with the capacity of about 27 liters, equivalent to 36 standard bottles.


lexentry: eng/Prince_Charming__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Prince Charming
trans_list: książę z bajki
sense:
(by extension) A heterosexual woman's prototypical ideal romantic partner, especially but not necessarily if he embodies common characteristics of the fictional princes, such as being courageous or chivalrous.


lexentry: eng/Procopius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Procopius
trans_list: Prokop | Prokopiusz
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Saint Procopius, an early Christian martyr of the 3rd century C.E.


lexentry: eng/Procopius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Procopius
trans_list: Prokop | Prokopiusz
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Procopius, a Roman imperial usurper of the 4th century C.E.


lexentry: eng/Procopius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Procopius
trans_list: Prokop | Prokopiusz
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Procopius of Caesarea, a Byzantine Greek historian of the 6th century C.E.


lexentry: eng/Procrustes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Procrustes
trans_list: Prokrust
sense:
(Greek mythology) A celebrated legendary highwayman of Attica, who tied his victims upon an iron bed, and, as the case required, either stretched or cut off their legs to adapt them to its length.


lexentry: eng/Prohibition__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Prohibition
trans_list: prohibicja
sense:
(history) Any of several periods during which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages were restricted or illegal.


lexentry: eng/Promethean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Promethean
trans_list: prometejski
sense:
Of or pertaining to Prometheus, a demigod in Greek mythology who created mortals from clay and stole fire from Zeus to give to them, for which Zeus punished him by chaining him to a rock and having an eagle feed on his liver which grew back each night; he was later rescued by Heracles.


lexentry: eng/Prometheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Prometheus
trans_list: Prometeusz
sense:
(Greek god) The Titan chiefly honored for stealing fire from Zeus in the stalk of a fennel plant and giving it to mortals for their use. The god of fire and craft.


lexentry: eng/Promised_Land__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Promised Land
trans_list: ziemia obiecana
sense:
(idiomatic, sometimes, lower case) Any place to which one eagerly seeks to go and which one expects to greatly improve one's situation.


lexentry: eng/Promised_Land__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Promised Land
trans_list: Ziemia Obiecana
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity) The area historically known as Judea, which was promised to the Israelites by God according to oral tradition recorded in the Book of Genesis.


lexentry: eng/Proterozoic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proterozoic
trans_list: proterozoik
sense:
(geology) The eon from 2,500 Ma to 541.0±1.0 Ma, the beginning of the Phanerozoic, marked by the build up of oxygen in the atmosphere and the emergence of primitive multicellular life.


lexentry: eng/Protestant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Protestant
trans_list: protestancki
sense:
(Christianity) Of or pertaining to several denominations of Christianity that separated from the Roman Catholic Church based on theological or political differences during the Reformation.


lexentry: eng/Protestant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Protestant
trans_list: protestant | protestantka
sense:
(Christianity) A member of any of several Christian denominations which separated from the Roman Catholic Church based on theological or political differences during the Reformation (or in some cases later).


lexentry: eng/Proto-Indo-European__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Indo-European
trans_list: praindoeuropejski
sense:
(linguistics, anthropology) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Indo-European__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Indo-European
trans_list: praindoeuropejski
sense:
(linguistics, uncountable) The reconstructed ancestor language or protolanguage of the Indo-European family of languages, which includes most European, Iranian, and Indian languages.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Slavic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Slavic
trans_list: język prasłowiański | prasłowiańszczyzna
sense:
(linguistics) A hypothetical, reconstructed language whence all the Slavic languages later descended.


lexentry: eng/Provence__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Provence
trans_list: Prowansja
sense:
A maritime region of southeastern France bordering Italy, now included in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.


lexentry: eng/Prussia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Prussia
trans_list: Prusy
sense:
(historical) A German province which was originally located in this area but later greatly expanded, and which was the predecessor to and a member of the German Empire; abolished as an administrative unit at the end of the Second World War.


lexentry: eng/Prussia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Prussia
trans_list: Prusy
sense:
(countable) A country known for exceptional military professionalism in her region. Historically used for Bulgaria as the "Prussia of the Balkans".


lexentry: eng/Prussian_blue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Prussian blue
trans_list: błękit pruski
sense:
(inorganic compound) An insoluble dark, bright blue pigment, ferric ferrocyanide (equivalent to ferrous ferricyanide), used in painting and dyeing, and as an antidote for certain kinds of heavy metal poisoning.


lexentry: eng/Psyche__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Psyche
trans_list: Psyche
sense:
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) The personification of the soul. Originally a mortal princess who later married Eros/Cupid, (the god of love), was deified, and bore him a daughter, Hedone/Voluptas.


lexentry: eng/Ptah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ptah
trans_list: Ptah
sense:
(Egyptian god) A god of creativity and craftsmen, sometimes also identified with the gods of death and the birth of the sun.


lexentry: eng/Ptolemaic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ptolemaic
trans_list: ptolemejski | Ptolemejski | Ptolemeuszowski | Ptolemeuszowy | ptolemeuszowski
sense:
(historical) Of or pertaining to the Ptolemy dynasty of pharaohs, the Ptolemies, rulers of Hellenistic Egypt.


lexentry: eng/Punch_and_Judy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Punch and Judy
trans_list: teatr kukiełkowy
sense:
A traditional sideshow often found at seaside resorts, consisting of various glove puppets operated by one person in a small tent-style booth theatre.


lexentry: eng/Punjab__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Punjab
trans_list: Pendżab
sense:
A geographical region of South Asia, divided (by the Radcliffe Line) between India and Pakistan. Pakistani Punjab includes the (West) Punjab Province and parts of the Islamabad Capital Territory; Indian Punjab includes (East) Punjab State and some other territories.


lexentry: eng/Punjabi__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Punjabi
trans_list: pendżabski
sense:
Of, pertaining to, descended from the people or culture of the Punjab, or written in the Punjabi language.


lexentry: eng/Punjabi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Punjabi
trans_list: pendżabski | pańdżabi
sense:
(uncountable) The main language spoken in the Punjab region, in eastern Pakistan and Northern India.


lexentry: eng/Puppis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Puppis
trans_list: Rufa
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the stern of a ship. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.


lexentry: eng/Purgatory__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Purgatory
trans_list: czyściec
sense:
(Christianity) An intermediate state after death in which some of those ultimately destined for Heaven must first undergo purification.


lexentry: eng/Purim__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Purim
trans_list: Purim | Święto Losów
sense:
(Judaism) A Jewish festival, celebrated on the 14th day of Adar, commemorating the deliverance of the Persian Jews from a complete massacre at the hand of Haman the Amalekite.


lexentry: eng/Pushkinian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pushkinian
trans_list: puszkinowski
sense:
Of or relating to Alexander Pushkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин, 1799–1837), Russian author of the Romantic era.


lexentry: eng/Puss_in_Boots__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Puss in Boots
trans_list: Kot w Butach
sense:
A 17th-century French literary fairy tale about a cat who uses trickery and deceit to gain power, wealth, and the hand of a princess in marriage for his penniless and low-born master.


lexentry: eng/Putinesque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Putinesque
trans_list: putinowski
sense:
Reminiscent of the beliefs or policies of Vladimir Putin (born 1952), President of Russia since 2012.


lexentry: eng/Putinism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Putinism
trans_list: putinizm
sense:
(politics) The political policies of Vladimir Putin; the Russian political system during Putin’s tenure in power.


lexentry: eng/Pyrenean_chamois__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyrenean chamois
trans_list: kozica
sense:
Rupicapra pyrenaica, a goat-antelope that lives in the Pyrenees and the Apennine Mountains of central Italy.


lexentry: eng/Pyrenees__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyrenees
trans_list: Pireneje
sense:
The mountain range separating Spain from France, inhabited by Basques in the west, Occitans in the centre-north, Aragonese in the centre-south, and Catalans in the east.


lexentry: eng/Pyrrhic_victory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyrrhic victory
trans_list: pyrrusowe zwycięstwo
sense:
A very costly victory, wherein the considerable losses outweigh the gain, so as to render the struggle not worth the cost.


lexentry: eng/Pyrrhus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyrrhus
trans_list: Pyrrus
sense:
Ancient Greek given name, particularly worn by the king of Epirus (319-272 BC) who defeated Romans in several battles, but sustained heavy losses, from which the term Pyrrhic victory was coined.


lexentry: eng/Pythagorean_theorem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pythagorean theorem
trans_list: twierdzenie Pitagorasa
sense:
(geometry) A mathematical theorem which states that the square of the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of those of the two other sides.


lexentry: eng/Pythagorean_trigonometric_identity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pythagorean trigonometric identity
trans_list: jedynka trygonometryczna
sense:
(trigonometry) The equality \sin(x)^2 + \cos(x)^2 = 1, holding for all real and complex x, equivalent to the application of the Pythagorean theorem to the unit circle.


lexentry: eng/Python__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Python
trans_list: Python
sense:
(computing) An interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language invented by Guido van Rossum.


lexentry: eng/Pyxis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyxis
trans_list: Kompas
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the compass of a ship. It is associated with the larger Argo Navis, although it was never officially part of that constellation.


lexentry: eng/Quaker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quaker
trans_list: kwakier
sense:
A believer of the Quaker faith and a member of the Society of Friends, known for their pacifist views.


lexentry: eng/Quaternary__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quaternary
trans_list: czwartorzęd
sense:
(geology) The geological period of the Cenozoic Era immediately following the Tertiary. It is subdivided into the Pleistocene and the Holocene Epochs.


lexentry: eng/Quidditch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quidditch
trans_list: quidditch
sense:
A fictional ball game played between two teams of seven players riding flying broomsticks, using four balls and six elevated ring-shaped goals.


lexentry: eng/Quinquagesima__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quinquagesima
trans_list: pięćdziesiątnica
sense:
(Christianity) A moveable feast in the Christian calendar on the Sunday 49 days before Easter Sunday (50 days counting inclusively).


lexentry: eng/REM_sleep__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: REM sleep
trans_list: faza REM
sense:
The stage of sleep during which most brain activity and dreams occur, characterised by rapid eye movement (REM).


lexentry: eng/RIP__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: RIP
trans_list: śp.
sense:
Initialism of requiescat in pace, requiescant in pace, and rest in peace (a blessing or expression of hope that a deceased person is at peace).


lexentry: eng/Rabbinic_Judaism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rabbinic Judaism
trans_list: judaizm rabiniczny
sense:
The mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud, having its roots in Pharisaic Judaism and based on the belief that Moses at Mount Sinai received two items from God: the written Torah and the oral Torah.


lexentry: eng/Ragnarok__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ragnarok
trans_list: Ragnarök
sense:
(Norse mythology) A series of future events culminating in a battle, fought between the Æsir and einherjar on one side, and the forces of Surtr, Loki, and Loki's children on the other, in which all of creation is burned down and almost all life is extinguished.


lexentry: eng/Rajasthan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rajasthan
trans_list: Radźasthan
sense:
A state in northwestern India, created in 1949 and replacing the former province of Rajputana. Capital: Jaipur. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Raków__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Raków
trans_list: Raków
sense:
A settlement founded in the Sandomierz Voivodeship of Lesser Poland in 1569 as the centre of the Polish Brethren, the site of the Racovian Academy 1602–1638 and of the publication of the Racovian Catechism in 1605; formerly a town until 1869, it is now a village of the Republic of Poland and the seat of the gmina wiejska (rural commune) of the same name.


lexentry: eng/Raków__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Raków
trans_list: Raków
sense:
(fully “Gmina Raków”) A gmina wiejska (rural commune) in Kielce County in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship of the Republic of Poland, with its seat in the village of the same name.


lexentry: eng/Ramadan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ramadan
trans_list: ramadan | ramazan
sense:
(Islam) The holy ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, during which Muslims fast between the break of dawn until sunset; they also refrain from drinking liquids, smoking and having sexual relations.


lexentry: eng/Randstad__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Randstad
trans_list: Randstad
sense:
A region, a roughly crescent-shaped conurbation in the Netherlands which includes the four largest cities (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht, and The Hague) and surrounds the Groene Hart.


lexentry: eng/Rapunzel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rapunzel
trans_list: Roszpunka
sense:
A German fairy tale about a girl imprisoned in a tower who lets down her long hair for a rescuer to climb.


lexentry: eng/Reaganomics__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reaganomics
trans_list: reaganomika
sense:
The neoliberal, free market economic ideas and policies of the American president Ronald Reagan (1911–2004) and his two administrations (1981–1989), with a focus on reduced government spending, taxation, and regulations (supply-side economics) and granting potential benefits and encouragement to wealthy people and businesses in particular to drive the rest of the economy (trickle-down hypothesis).


lexentry: eng/Red_Army_Faction__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Red Army Faction
trans_list: grupa
sense:
(historical) A far-left terrorist organization active from 1970 to 1998, mainly in West Germany and West Berlin.


lexentry: eng/Red_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Red Sea
trans_list: Morze Czerwone
sense:
A long, narrow sea between Africa and the Arabian Peninsula; links the Suez Canal with the Arabian Sea.


lexentry: eng/Reformation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reformation
trans_list: reformacja
sense:
(historical) The religious movement initiated in the 16th century against the Roman Catholic Church.


lexentry: eng/Regensburg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Regensburg
trans_list: Ratyzbona
sense:
An independent city, the administrative seat of Upper Palatinate, on the River Danube in Bavaria, Germany; also called Ratisbon.


lexentry: eng/Rehoboam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rehoboam
trans_list: Roboam
sense:
King of Israel after Solomon, whose folly split the kingdom in two; the father of Abijah (biblical character)


lexentry: eng/Renaissance__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Renaissance
trans_list: Odrodzenie | Renesans | odrodzenie | renesans
sense:
(historical) The 14th-century revival of classical art, architecture, literature and learning that originated in Italy and spread throughout Europe over the following two centuries.


lexentry: eng/Renaissance__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Renaissance
trans_list: Odrodzenie | Renesans | odrodzenie | renesans
sense:
The period of this revival, typically lasting from the late 14th to the late 16th centuries; the transition from medieval to modern times.


lexentry: eng/Republic_of_China__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republic of China
trans_list: Republika Chińska | Tajwan
sense:
A country in East Asia; modern-day Taiwan, the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949.


lexentry: eng/Republic_of_Letters__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republic of Letters
trans_list: Republika listów | Rzeczpospolita uczonych
sense:
(historical) The intellectual community in the late 17th and 18th centuries in Europe and the Americas, exchanging ideas by circulating handwritten letters.


lexentry: eng/Republic_of_North_Macedonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republic of North Macedonia
trans_list: Republika Macedonii Północnej
sense:
Country situated north of Greece and west of Bulgaria on the Balkan Peninsula, formerly partially recognised as the Republic of Macedonia.


lexentry: eng/Republican__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republican
trans_list: republikanin
sense:
(US politics) A member or supporter of the Republican Party, the more right-wing of the two main political parties in the United States.


lexentry: eng/Reticulum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reticulum
trans_list: Sieć
sense:
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern summer sky, said to resemble a reticle. It lies between the constellations of Horologium and Dorado.


lexentry: eng/Reynold__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reynold
trans_list: Reginald
sense:
A en given name, today more popular in the forms Reginald and Ronald. Modern use is partly transferred from the surname.


lexentry: eng/Rhaeto-Romance__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhaeto-Romance
trans_list: retoromański | retycki
sense:
(linguistics) A group of related Romance languages spoken in north and north-eastern Italy and southeastern Switzerland, or any of these languages individually. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Rhea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhea
trans_list: Rea | Reja
sense:
(Greek god) A Titan, the daughter of Uranus and Gaia, the mother of Demeter, Hades, Hera, Hestia, Poseidon, and Zeus.


lexentry: eng/Rhesus_factor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhesus factor
trans_list: czynnik Rh
sense:
An antigen of the Rhesus system; understood unless otherwise specified to refer to Rhesus factor D (RhD), which appears on the surface of the red blood cells of most (85%) humans. An incompatibility between the Rh-blood types of a mother and her baby may cause serious disease for the baby.


lexentry: eng/Rhine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhine
trans_list: Ren
sense:
A river in western Europe, that flows through Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Germany, France and the Netherlands, before emptying into the North Sea.


lexentry: eng/Rhineland-Palatinate__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhineland-Palatinate
trans_list: Nadrenia-Palatynat
sense:
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation.


lexentry: eng/Rhineland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhineland
trans_list: Nadrenia
sense:
(usually, with the definite article) An area on both sides of the river Rhine, in the west of Germany. Roughly equivalent to the former Prussian Rhine Province, now the greater part of Rhineland-Palatinate plus the south-western half of North Rhine-Westphalia.


lexentry: eng/Rhode_Island__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhode Island
trans_list: Rhode Island
sense:
The smallest state of the United States, formerly officially State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.


lexentry: eng/Rhodesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Rhodesia
trans_list: Rodezja
sense:
(historical) A historical region in Southern Africa, the area now occupied by Zimbabwe and Zambia. [used from 1895 to 1964]


lexentry: eng/Rhodopes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhodopes
trans_list: Rodopy
sense:
A mountain range in Southeastern Europe, with over 83% of its area in southern Bulgaria and the remainder in Greece.


lexentry: eng/Richard's_pipit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Richard's pipit
trans_list: świergotek szponiasty
sense:
Anthus richardi, a medium-sized passerine bird which breeds in open grasslands in the East Palearctic.


lexentry: eng/Richter_scale__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Richter scale
trans_list: skala Richtera
sense:
(seismology) a logarithmic scale used to express the energy released by an earthquake, each increase of 1 representing a 32-fold increase in energy.


lexentry: eng/Rigel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rigel
trans_list: Rigel
sense:
(star) A blue supergiant star in the constellation Orion; Beta (β) Orionis. The seventh brightest star in the night sky.


lexentry: eng/Riksmål__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Riksmål
trans_list: riksmål
sense:
A conservative variety of Bokmål that is closer to Danish, sometimes using unofficial spellings that have been removed from standard Bokmål.


lexentry: eng/Ring_of_Fire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ring of Fire
trans_list: pierścień ognia
sense:
(geology, volcanology) An area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity, around the Pacific Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Rio_Grande__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rio Grande
trans_list: Rio Grande
sense:
A major river in the United States and Mexico, starting in Colorado, flowing through New Mexico, and forming the boundary between Texas and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas for most of its length.


lexentry: eng/Robin_Hood__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Robin Hood
trans_list: Robin Hood
sense:
A legendary English outlaw famous for his skill in archery and his vow to defend the poor and the oppressed against established authority.


lexentry: eng/Roblox__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Roblox
trans_list: Roblox
sense:
A massively multiplayer online game and creation system platform (introduced in 2004) in which users design and play video games.


lexentry: eng/Rom__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Rom
trans_list: Cygan | Cyganka | Rom | Romka
sense:
(in particular) A male member of the Romani people who is married and considered respectable amongst the family.


lexentry: eng/Roman_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Roman Empire
trans_list: Cesarstwo Rzymskie | Imperium Rzymskie
sense:
(historical) The empire which succeeded the Roman Republic and existed between 27 B.C.E. and 476 C.E. in the west (and until 1453 C.E. in the east; see Byzantine Empire), encompassing territories stretching from Britain and Germany to Spain, North Africa and the Persian Gulf. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/Roman_mile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Roman mile
trans_list: mila
sense:
An ancient Roman unit of itinerant distance of 1000 paces (mille passus, hence also "mile" from Latin mille, "1000"). Indirectly standardized to 5000 Roman feet by Agrippa in 29 BC. In modern times, Agrippa's Imperial Roman mile is empirically estimated to have been around 1481 meters (1620 yards, 4860 English feet, 0.92 English miles); compared with a modern mile, which is 5280 feet.


lexentry: eng/Roman_road__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Roman road
trans_list: droga rzymska
sense:
(historical) Any of many roads built in Europe, including Britain, by the Ancient Romans, many of which survive in various forms.


lexentry: eng/Romance__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romance
trans_list: romański
sense:
Of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin: French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Galician, Romanian, Catalan, Occitan, etc.


lexentry: eng/Romanesque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romanesque
trans_list: romański
sense:
Somewhat resembling the Roman; applied sometimes to the debased style of the later Roman Empire, but especially to the more developed art and architecture prevailing from the 8th century to the 12th.


lexentry: eng/Romani__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romani
trans_list: język cygański | język romski | romani
sense:
The Indo-Aryan lect of the Roma people, or one of its sublects (such as Roma, Sinti, Romanichal, etc), closely related to Hindi and Rajasthani.


lexentry: eng/Romani_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romani studies
trans_list: romologia
sense:
(humanities) A field of study concerned with the culture, history and language of the Romani people.


lexentry: eng/Romanic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Romanic
trans_list: romański
sense:
Of or relating to any or all of the various languages which, during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old Roman, or popular form of Latin, as the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Provencal, etc.


lexentry: eng/Romanization__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romanization
trans_list: romanizacja | latynizacja
sense:
(usually, uncountable) The act or process of putting text into the Latin (Roman) alphabet, by means such as transliteration and transcription.


lexentry: eng/Romans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romans
trans_list: List do Rzymian
sense:
(biblical) The sixth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of St Paul to the Christians in Rome.


lexentry: eng/Romansch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Romansch
trans_list: romansz
sense:
(strict sense) A Rhaeto-Romance language (or dialect continuum) spoken in the Graubünden/Grisons canton of Switzerland; it is one of the four official languages of Switzerland.


lexentry: eng/Romanticism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Romanticism
trans_list: romantyzm
sense:
(arts, music) An artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, peaking from 1800 to 1850, characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical.


lexentry: eng/Rome__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rome
trans_list: Rzym
sense:
A city on the Tiber River on the Italian peninsula; ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of Italy; capital city of the region of Lazio.


lexentry: eng/Romeo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Romeo
trans_list: Romeo
sense:
(fiction) One of the main characters of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare: the ardent lover of Juliet.


lexentry: eng/Rorschach_test__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rorschach test
trans_list: test Rorschacha | test plam atramentowych
sense:
(psychology) A method of psychological evaluation that uses a person's interpretations of inkblots or similar images to discover information concerning his or her personality, emotional functioning, or unconscious mind.


lexentry: eng/Rosetta_Stone__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rosetta Stone
trans_list: Kamień z Rosetty
sense:
A large inscribed stone found near Rosetta, Egypt, in 1799, later used as a basis for understanding many previously undecipherable examples of hieroglyphic writing.


lexentry: eng/Rosh_Hashanah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rosh Hashanah
trans_list: Rosz ha-Szana | Święto Trąbek
sense:
(Judaism) The Jewish holiday marking the start of the liturgical year, taking place on the first two days of Tishrei, 163 days after the first day of Passover.


lexentry: eng/Ross's_gull__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ross's gull
trans_list: mewa różowa
sense:
Rhodostethia rosea, a small gull breeding in the high Arctic of northernmost North America, and northeast Siberia.


lexentry: eng/Round_Table__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Round Table
trans_list: Okrągły Stół
sense:
(Arthurian legend) King Arthur's table in the Arthurian legend, around which he and his knights congregate, all having equal status since the table has no head.


lexentry: eng/Rubicon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rubicon
trans_list: Rubikon
sense:
(historical) A small river in northeastern Italy which flowed into the Adriatic Sea marking the boundary between the Roman province of Gaul and the Roman heartland. Its crossing by Julius Caesar in 49 B.C.E. began a civil war.


lexentry: eng/Rubik's_cube__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rubik's cube
trans_list: kostka Rubika
sense:
A mechanical puzzle in the shape of a cube, all sides able to be rotated, each side divided into 9 squares, the moving pieces allowing the cube to be rearranged. The goal is to get the colored squares aligned so that each side of the cube is the same color.


lexentry: eng/Rudolph_the_Red-Nosed_Reindeer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
trans_list: Rudolf Czerwononosy
sense:
A legendary reindeer with a nose that glows red, the subject of a comic Christmas song; often added among Santa Claus's reindeer as the leading one.


lexentry: eng/Rumpelstiltskin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rumpelstiltskin
trans_list: Hałasik
sense:
A fairy tale about a dwarf who saves the miller’s daughter by spinning straw into gold in exchange for her first-born child, but is foiled when she guesses his name.


lexentry: eng/Rus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rus
trans_list: Ruś
sense:
A people made up of Scandinavian warrior merchants who travelled Eastern European river-roads from the eighth century, and whose settlements around Novgorod, Kiev and the Volga and Dnieper gave rise to the Rus' principalities. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Rus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Rus
trans_list: Ruś
sense:
Kievan Rus', the medieval East Slavic state established by these same warrior merchants in the 9th century, whose capital was in Kiev.


lexentry: eng/Ruscism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ruscism
trans_list: raszyzm
sense:
(politics, neologism, slang, derogatory) Russian fascism, Russianism, Great Russian chauvinism; the ideology of Russia, seen as fascism or as fascist.


lexentry: eng/Russia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Russia
trans_list: Rosja | Moskwa
sense:
A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia. Official name: Russian Federation. Capital and largest city: Moscow. It borders the Pacific and Arctic Oceans and the Baltic, Black, and Caspian Seas. Part of the Soviet Union from 1917 through 1991.


lexentry: eng/Russia_leather__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Russia leather
trans_list: jucht
sense:
A form of bark-tanned cow leather, made hard-wearing, flexible, and waterproof with the use of birch oil.


lexentry: eng/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
trans_list: Rosyjska Federacyjna Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka
sense:
The official name for modern-day Russia under the Communist Party from 1936 to 1991 (from 1918 to 1937, according to the Constitution of the RSFSR, called the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic). Part of the USSR from 1922 to 1991.


lexentry: eng/Russian_roulette__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Russian roulette
trans_list: rosyjska ruletka
sense:
(idiomatic, games) A deadly game in which a person loads a single bullet in the cylinder of a revolver, spins the cylinder so that the bullet's location is unknown, points the muzzle at his/her head, and pulls the trigger. In its most lethal form, played by multiple participants each of whom takes a turn until the weapon discharges.


lexentry: eng/Russian_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Russian studies
trans_list: rusycystyka
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the Russian language, Russian linguistics, and Russian sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Russianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Russianism
trans_list: rusycyzm
sense:
(countable) A word or other feature originating in the Russian language that has been borrowed by another language.


lexentry: eng/Russophobia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Russophobia
trans_list: rusofobia
sense:
Contempt or hatred towards Russia or Russians, especially the political system, or the customs of the former Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/Rusyn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rusyn
trans_list: Rusin | Rusnak | Ruśniak
sense:
A member of a people living in the eastern Carpathian Mountains, in part of western Ukraine, south-eastern Poland and north-eastern Slovakia.


lexentry: eng/Rusyn__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Rusyn
trans_list: Rusin | Rusinka
sense:
(archaic) An ethnonym for East Slavic people - any of Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian, an inhabitant of Kievan Rus, Muscovy, etc., an Orthodox, East Slavic inhabitant of Rzeczpospolita.


lexentry: eng/Ruthenia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ruthenia
trans_list: Ruś
sense:
The territory between Central and Eastern Europe inhabited by Rusyns, on the slopes of the Carpathian Mountains in parts of Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia.


lexentry: eng/Ruthenia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ruthenia
trans_list: Ruś
sense:
(historical) Lands inhabited by Ukrainians (Ruthenians) of the former Austrian Empire kingdom of Galicia (1772–1918), corresponding to parts of Western Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Ruy_Lopez__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ruy Lopez
trans_list: partia hiszpańska
sense:
(chess) A common chess opening, an Open Game characterized by the moves 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5, in which White moves king's bishop to the fifth rank.


lexentry: eng/Réunion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Réunion
trans_list: Reunion
sense:
An island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, located in the Indian Ocean to the west of Mauritius and to the east of Madagascar.


lexentry: eng/Rüppell's_fox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rüppell's fox
trans_list: lis piaskowy
sense:
A fox species (Vulpes rueppellii) living in desert and semi-desert regions of North Africa, the Middle East, and southwestern Asia.


lexentry: eng/S-train__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: S-train
trans_list: szybka kolej miejska
sense:
(chiefly in German-speaking countries and Copenhagen, Denmark) A commuter rail/metro system (generally overground) serving a metropolitan area; a train in such a system.


lexentry: eng/SIM_card__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: SIM card
trans_list: karta SIM
sense:
A small, removable card smaller than a credit card which stores mobile phone data such as contact names and numbers, SMSs and security information.


lexentry: eng/SMS__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: SMS
trans_list: SMS | esemes
sense:
(uncountable, telecommunications) Initialism of short message service: a system enabling cell phones to send or receive text messages .


lexentry: eng/SNAFU__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: SNAFU
trans_list: bajer | bałagan | burdel | rozpierducha | sajgon
sense:
A confused, muddled, or messed-up condition or state; a ridiculously chaotic situation; confusion or chaos regarded as the normal state.


lexentry: eng/Saba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saba
trans_list: Saba
sense:
An island and special municipality in the Netherlands, in the Caribbean Sea; in the southern part of the Caribbean off the west coast of Venezuela.


lexentry: eng/Sabah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sabah
trans_list: makrela
sense:
A state in eastern Malaysia located at the Northern part of the Borneo island with the main city Kota Kinabalu as its capital.


lexentry: eng/Sabbath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sabbath
trans_list: szabat | szabas
sense:
Friday evening to Saturday evening, observed in Judaism and some Christian denominations (such as the Coptic Orthodox Church) as a day of rest and worship.


lexentry: eng/Sachertorte__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sachertorte
trans_list: tort Sachera
sense:
A torte made of butter, eggs, confectioner's sugar, toasted breadcrumbs, spices, and chocolate, which is baked in layers, put together with apricot jam and finally frosted with chocolate.


lexentry: eng/Sadducee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sadducee
trans_list: Saduceusz
sense:
(historical) A member of an ancient Jewish sect possibly formed as a political party in the 2nd century BCE and existing until around the 1st century CE.


lexentry: eng/Sagitta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sagitta
trans_list: Strzała
sense:
(constellation) A small autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble an arrow. It lies between the constellations of Vulpecula and Aquila.


lexentry: eng/Sagittarius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sagittarius
trans_list: Strzelec
sense:
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a centaur who is an archer. It contains the stars Kaus Australis and Nunki.


lexentry: eng/Sagittarius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sagittarius
trans_list: Strzelec
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the archer, ruled by Jupiter and covering November 23 - December 21 (tropical astrology) or December 16 - January 14 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Saigon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saigon
trans_list: Sajgon
sense:
(historical) Former name of Ho Chi Minh City, the biggest city in Vietnam, and the capital of the erstwhile South Vietnam.


lexentry: eng/Saint_Barbara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saint Barbara
trans_list: Święta Barbara
sense:
The patron of armourers, military engineers, gunsmiths, miners and anyone else who worked with cannon and explosives.


lexentry: eng/Saint_Helena__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Saint Helena
trans_list: Święta Helena
sense:
An island of volcanic origin in the South Atlantic Ocean, and an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. Official name: Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. Formerly named Saint Helena and Dependencies.


lexentry: eng/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saint Kitts and Nevis
trans_list: Saint Kitts i Nevis | Saint Christopher i Nevis
sense:
A country in the Caribbean, comprising the islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Official name: Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis.


lexentry: eng/Saint_Martin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saint Martin
trans_list: Saint-Martin
sense:
An island in the northeast of the Caribbean Sea, whose northern portion is part of France and whose southern portion is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Saint_Michael__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Saint Michael
trans_list: Święty Michał
sense:
Former name of Bridgetown.; Ellipsis of Town of Saint Michael.; A city in Saint Michael parish, Barbados


lexentry: eng/Saint_Nicholas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saint Nicholas
trans_list: Święty Mikołaj
sense:
(Christianity) A 4th-century Greek bishop from Myra, Anatolia, patron saint of children, mariners and the unwed among others, functioning in multiple countries as a gift-giving figure around his feast day of December 6.


lexentry: eng/Saint_Petersburg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saint Petersburg
trans_list: Petersburg | Sankt Petersburg
sense:
A federal city of Russia, known between 1914 and 1924 as Petrograd and between 1924 and 1991 as Leningrad, and former capital of Russia (1713–1728, 1732–1918).


lexentry: eng/Saint_Valentine's_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saint Valentine's Day
trans_list: walentynki | święto zakochanych
sense:
A holiday in remembrance of Saint Valentine, February 14th, celebrated by sending cards or similar tokens of love.


lexentry: eng/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
trans_list: Saint Vincent i Grenadyny
sense:
An archipelago and country in the Caribbean, comprising the islands of Saint Vincent and the island chain of the Grenadines.


lexentry: eng/Saladin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saladin
trans_list: Saladyn
sense:
(history) First sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, who led the Muslim opposition to the European Crusaders in the Levant.


lexentry: eng/Salafism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Salafism
trans_list: salafizm
sense:
(Islam) A movement comparing itself to Sunni Islam, claiming to taking the pious ancestors, the salaf of the patristic period of early Islam, as exemplary models.


lexentry: eng/Salamis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Salamis
trans_list: Salamina
sense:
The largest island in the Saronic Gulf, near Athens, Greece, where a famous battle in the Persian Wars took place.


lexentry: eng/Salekhard__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Salekhard
trans_list: Salechard
sense:
A town, the administrative center of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Yamalia), Russia, located on the Arctic Circle and the Ob Region.


lexentry: eng/Salvation_Army__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Salvation Army
trans_list: Armia Zbawienia
sense:
A Protestant Christian church and an international charitable organisation structured in a quasi-military fashion, originally founded to help the poor of London.


lexentry: eng/Samara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Samara
trans_list: Samara
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Samara Oblast, Russia, the sixth-largest in the country by population.


lexentry: eng/Samaria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Samaria
trans_list: Samaria
sense:
(historical) An ancient region in the region of Palestine, mostly in the northern part of the modern West Bank.


lexentry: eng/Samaritan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Samaritan
trans_list: Samarytanin | Samarytanka
sense:
A native, or inhabitant of Samaria; especially one practising certain ethnoreligious traditions indigenous to that region.


lexentry: eng/Samland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Samland
trans_list: Sambia
sense:
A peninsula, situated in what was historically East Prussia and is now the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, which juts out into the Baltic, and from which the Vistula Spit (enclosing the Vistula Lagoon) and Curonian Spit (enclosing the Curonian Lagoon) extend.


lexentry: eng/Samoa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Samoa
trans_list: Samoa
sense:
A country consisting of the western part of the Samoan archipelago in Polynesia, in Oceania. Official name: Independent State of Samoa. Capital and largest city: Apia. Formerly Western Samoa, and, before that, German Samoa. It is distinct from American Samoa.


lexentry: eng/Samos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Samos
trans_list: Samos
sense:
A modern Greek prefecture in the eastern part of the Aegean that includes the island along with the islands of Icaria and Fourni.


lexentry: eng/Samoyed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Samoyed
trans_list: Samojedź
sense:
(anthropology) A member of the Samoyedic peoples of the Siberian Urals, who speak Samoyedic languages.


lexentry: eng/Samson__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Samson
trans_list: Samson
sense:
(biblical character) An Israelite judge in the Old Testament who performed feats of strength against the Philistines but was betrayed by Delilah his mistress.


lexentry: eng/San_Francisco__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: San Francisco
trans_list: San Francisco
sense:
A major coastal city and county in California, United States, of over 800,000, widely known for its unique culture, architecture, and LGBT population; formerly Yerba Buena (pre-1847).


lexentry: eng/San_Marino__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: San Marino
trans_list: San Marino
sense:
A landlocked microstate in Southern Europe, located within the borders of Italy. Official name: Republic of San Marino.


lexentry: eng/San_Salvador__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: San Salvador
trans_list: San Salvador
sense:
(historical) A former province of El Salvador of the Spanish Empire and then of the United Provinces of Central America.


lexentry: eng/Sango__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sango
trans_list: sango
sense:
The primary language spoken in the Central African Republic: it has 5 million second-language speakers, but only 400,000 native speakers, mainly in the towns.


lexentry: eng/Sanskrit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sanskrit
trans_list: sanskryt | Sanskryt
sense:
A classical Indo-European language of South Asia, which is the liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism.


lexentry: eng/Santo_Domingo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Santo Domingo
trans_list: Santo Domingo
sense:
(historical) The Spanish-colonized portion of the island of Hispaniola, which later became the Dominican Republic, especially as contrasted with Saint-Domingue, the French-controlled portion.


lexentry: eng/Sappho__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sappho
trans_list: Safona
sense:
An Ancient Greek female name, particularly borne by a poetess from Lesbos who lived between 630 and 570 BC (exact dates unknown).


lexentry: eng/Saracen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saracen
trans_list: Saracen
sense:
A member of a nomadic people from the Sinai near the Roman province of Arabia in the early centuries CE, who were specifically distinct from Arabs.


lexentry: eng/Sarai__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sarai
trans_list: Saraj
sense:
A en given name, most famously borne by Sarah, the wife of Abram and mother of Isaac in the Bible, prior to her name change.


lexentry: eng/Saratov__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saratov
trans_list: Saratów
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Saratov Oblast, Volga Region, Volga Federal District, European Russia, Russia.


lexentry: eng/Sarmatism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sarmatism
trans_list: sarmatyzm
sense:
(historical) The belief that the people of the Polish Commonwealth descended from the ancient Sarmatians, the legendary invaders of Slavic lands in antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Saskatchewan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Saskatchewan
trans_list: Saskatchewan
sense:
Prairie province in western Canada (named after the river, which flows through it) which has Regina as its capital city.


lexentry: eng/Satan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Satan
trans_list: Szatan
sense:
(religion) The supreme evil spirit in the Abrahamic religions, who tempts humanity and rules Hell; the Devil; (in, _, Theistic Satanism) the same figure, regarded as a deity to be revered and worshipped.


lexentry: eng/Satanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Satanism
trans_list: satanizm
sense:
A profession, philosophy, or ideological construct featuring a positive, admirable, or useful association to the figure, character or entity known as 'Satan'; or, featuring opposition to all morality and the procurement of what is wanted regardless of the consequences concerning others.


lexentry: eng/Satanist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Satanist
trans_list: satanista | satanistka
sense:
One who identifies with Anton Szandor LaVey's philosophical teachings and the religion, Satanism, founded upon it.


lexentry: eng/Saturday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saturday
trans_list: sobota
sense:
The seventh day of the week in many religious traditions, and the sixth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; observed as the Sabbath/Shabbat in Judaism (Friday sunset to Saturday sunset); it follows Friday and precedes Sunday.


lexentry: eng/Saturn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saturn
trans_list: Saturn
sense:
(astronomy) The sixth planet of the solar system, known for its large rings, and until recent times the furthest known; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♄.


lexentry: eng/Saudi_Arabia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saudi Arabia
trans_list: Arabia Saudyjska
sense:
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Capital: Riyadh.


lexentry: eng/Save__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Save
trans_list: Sabi
sense:
A river in southeastern Africa that flows about 400 km (250 mi) from south of Harare in Zimbabwe, through Mozambique, to the Indian Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Savi's_warbler__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Savi's warbler
trans_list: brzęczka
sense:
Locustella luscinioides, an Old World warbler, found in parts of Europe, Western Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa.


lexentry: eng/Savoy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Savoy
trans_list: Sabaudia
sense:
(historical) A historical region shared between the modern countries of France, Italy and Switzerland.


lexentry: eng/Saxon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saxon
trans_list: Sas
sense:
A member of an ancient West Germanic tribe that lived at the eastern North Sea coast and south of it.


lexentry: eng/Saxony-Anhalt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Saxony-Anhalt
trans_list: Saksonia-Anhalt
sense:
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation. Its capital is Magdeburg.


lexentry: eng/Scandinavian_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scandinavian Peninsula
trans_list: Skandynawia
sense:
A peninsula comprising the mainlands of Norway and Sweden, and the northwestern part of Finland (compared to Fennoscandia which comprises all the three countries Norway, Sweden and Finland); the largest peninsula in Europe (with an area of three-quarter million square kilometres).


lexentry: eng/Scandinavian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Scandinavian
trans_list: skandynawski
sense:
(Of a language) Of or relating to the North Germanic family of languages to which Swedish, Norwegian (Bokmål, Nynorsk), Danish, Icelandic, and Faeroese belong.


lexentry: eng/Scandinavian_mile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scandinavian mile
trans_list: mila
sense:
A Scandinavian unit of distance of 10 kilometers. Standardized to 10,688.54 meters in 1649, before being defined as 10 km in 1889.


lexentry: eng/Scania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scania
trans_list: Skania
sense:
A historical region, currently part of Sweden, occupying the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian Peninsula.


lexentry: eng/Scheherazade__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Scheherazade
trans_list: Szeherezada
sense:
A fictional character, the wife and storyteller of the king Shahryar in One Thousand and One Nights.


lexentry: eng/Schlemm's_canal__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Schlemm's canal
trans_list: kanał Schlemma
sense:
(anatomy) a circular channel in the eye that collects aqueous humour from the anterior chamber and delivers it into the bloodstream; if it is blocked, a glaucoma results


lexentry: eng/Schopenhauerian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Schopenhauerian
trans_list: schopenhauerowski
sense:
Of or relating to Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860), German philosopher known for his pessimism and clarity.


lexentry: eng/Schrödinger's_cat__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Schrödinger's cat
trans_list: kot Schrödingera
sense:
The thought experiment which was devised by Erwin Schrödinger, is usually considered a paradox, involves a Schrödinger's cat and is typically supposed to be analysed from the point of view of quantum mechanics.


lexentry: eng/Scientology__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scientology
trans_list: scjentologia
sense:
A belief system with certain religious aspects, developed in 1952, focused on the teachings of L. Ron Hubbard.


lexentry: eng/Scooby-Doo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Scooby-Doo
trans_list: Scooby Doo
sense:
The cartoon dog from that cartoon, noted for his trouble-causing lack of sense and almost understandable vocalization.


lexentry: eng/Scorpio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Scorpio
trans_list: Skorpion
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the scorpion, ruled by Mars and covering October 23 - November 22 (tropical astrology) or November 16 - December 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Scorpius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scorpius
trans_list: Skorpion
sense:
(constellation) A constellation of the zodiac, roughly shaped like a scorpion. Its brightest star is the red giant Antares.


lexentry: eng/Scots__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scots
trans_list: szkocki
sense:
A Germanic language closely related to English and descended from northern dialects of Middle English, spoken in parts of Scotland, now especially in the northeastern and southern regions of the country.


lexentry: eng/Scottish_Gaelic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scottish Gaelic
trans_list: język szkocki gaelicki
sense:
The Gaelic language of Scotland, spoken primarily in the northern and western parts of the country, with important communities in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Scottish Gaelic had its widest influence between 800 and 1200 C.E., as place names throughout Scotland attest.


lexentry: eng/Scottish_crossbill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scottish crossbill
trans_list: krzyżodziób szkocki
sense:
Loxia scotica, a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. It is endemic to the Caledonian Forests of Scotland


lexentry: eng/Scouts__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scouts
trans_list: harcerstwo
sense:
A worldwide youth movement with the aim of supporting young people in their physical, mental and spiritual development, so that they may play a constructive role in the society [1].


lexentry: eng/Scrabble__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scrabble
trans_list: Scrabble
sense:
A board game in which players draw letter tiles and take turns to make interlocking words like a crossword, scoring points according to the letters played and their positions on the board.


lexentry: eng/Sculptor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sculptor
trans_list: Rzeźbiarz
sense:
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the southern sky. It lies between Aquarius and Phoenix and lies in the direction of the southern pole of the Milky Way.


lexentry: eng/Scutum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scutum
trans_list: Tarcza
sense:
(constellation) A small autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a shield. It lies between the constellations of Aquila, Sagittarius, and the tail of Serpens.


lexentry: eng/Scylla__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scylla
trans_list: Scylla | Skylla
sense:
A dangerous rock on the Italian coast opposite the whirlpool Charybdis on the coast of Sicily. The passage between Scylla and Charybdis was formerly considered perilous; hence, the saying between Scylla and Charybdis signifies a great peril on either hand.


lexentry: eng/Scythia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Scythia
trans_list: Scytia
sense:
(historical) A region of Central Eurasia in the classical era, encompassing parts of the Pontic steppe, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, inhabited by nomadic Scythians from at least the 11th century BCE to the 2nd century CE.


lexentry: eng/Sea_of_Azov__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sea of Azov
trans_list: Morze Azowskie
sense:
A very shallow sea bounded by Russia, Ukraine, and the Crimean peninsula, linked to the Black Sea by the Strait of Kerch.


lexentry: eng/Sea_of_Marmara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sea of Marmara
trans_list: Morze Marmara
sense:
A deep inland sea in north-western Turkey connecting the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea via the straits of Bosphorus and Dardanelles.


lexentry: eng/Sea_of_Okhotsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sea of Okhotsk
trans_list: morze Ochockie
sense:
A sea between the Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, the island of Hokkaidō to the far south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a long stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north.


lexentry: eng/Sealand__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sealand
trans_list: Zelandia
sense:
A hamlet and community in Flintshire, Wales, close to Chester in England (OS grid ref SJ3568). It is on land reclaimed from the sea on the Chester side of the River Dee.


lexentry: eng/Second_World__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Second World
trans_list: Drugi Świat
sense:
Those countries aligned with the East during the Cold War, particularly in contrast to those aligned with the West (First World).


lexentry: eng/Segorbe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Segorbe
trans_list: Segorbe
sense:
A municipality in the province of Castellón, Spain; famous for its semana de Toros – “bull-running week” – held every September.


lexentry: eng/Semenivka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Semenivka
trans_list: Semeniwka
sense:
A city in the hromada of the same name of Novhorod-Siverskyi Raion, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1680


lexentry: eng/Semite__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Semite
trans_list: Semita | Semitka
sense:
A member of any of a number of peoples of ancient southwestern Asia and East Africa such as the Akkadians, Assyrians, Arameans, Phoenicians, Canaanites, Hebrews, Arabs, or Aksumites.


lexentry: eng/Seneca__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Seneca
trans_list: Seneka
sense:
A Roman cognomen, notably borne by Lucius Annaeus Seneca, a Roman stoic philosopher, dramatist, and statesman.


lexentry: eng/Seoul__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Seoul
trans_list: Seul
sense:
The capital city of South Korea, also the historical capital of Korea from 1394 until the country was divided in 1945.


lexentry: eng/September__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: September
trans_list: wrzesień
sense:
The ninth month of the Gregorian calendar, following August and preceding October. Abbreviations: Sep or Sep., Sept or Sept.


lexentry: eng/Septuagint__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Septuagint
trans_list: Septuaginta
sense:
(bible) An influential Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible produced in Alexandria in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC.


lexentry: eng/Serbia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Serbia
trans_list: Serbia
sense:
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Serbia. Capital and largest city: Belgrade. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992, then part of Serbia and Montenegro until 2006.


lexentry: eng/Serbia_and_Montenegro__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Serbia and Montenegro
trans_list: Serbia i Czarnogóra
sense:
(historical) Former country on the Balkan Peninsula, formerly part of Yugoslavia. It disbanded in 2006.


lexentry: eng/Serbo-Croatian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Serbo-Croatian
trans_list: serbsko-chorwacki
sense:
The South Slavic language of which Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian are literary standards.


lexentry: eng/Serpens__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Serpens
trans_list: Wąż
sense:
(constellation) A large summer constellation of the northern sky said to resemble a snake. It is the only constellation consisting of two parts (Serpens Caput and Serpens Cauda) separated by the constellation Ophiuchus, representing the snake handler Asclepius.


lexentry: eng/Set__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Set
trans_list: Set
sense:
(Egyptian god) An ancient Egyptian god, variously described as the god of chaos, the god of thunder and storms, or the god of destruction.


lexentry: eng/Sevastopol__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sevastopol
trans_list: Sewastopol
sense:
A port city in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine but de facto in Russia. It is the base of the Black Sea Fleet.


lexentry: eng/Seven_Sages__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Seven Sages
trans_list: Siedmiu mędrców
sense:
(historical) Seven Ancient Greek men renowned for their wisdom: Thales, Solon, Periander, Cleobulus, Chilon, Bias, and Pittacus.


lexentry: eng/Sextans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sextans
trans_list: Sekstant
sense:
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a sextant. It lies south of the constellation of Leo.


lexentry: eng/Seychelles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Seychelles
trans_list: Seszele
sense:
An archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean. Official name: Republic of Seychelles.


lexentry: eng/Shakespeare__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Shakespeare
trans_list: Szekspir
sense:
William Shakespeare, an English playwright and poet of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries


lexentry: eng/Shakespearean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shakespearean
trans_list: Szekspirowski | szekspirowski
sense:
(literature) Of or pertaining to, characteristic of, associated with, or suggestive of William Shakespeare (an English playwright), his works, or his authorship, or the time in which he lived.


lexentry: eng/Shakespearean_sonnet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shakespearean sonnet
trans_list: sonet szekspirowski
sense:
(poetry) A sonnet comprising three quatrains and a final couplet, in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg.


lexentry: eng/Shavuot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shavuot
trans_list: Pięćdziesiątnica | Szawuot | Święto Tygodni | Święto Zbiorów | Święto Żniw
sense:
(Judaism) A Jewish holiday that occurs in the spring, a harvest festival, also commemorating the anniversary of the giving of the Ten Commandments to Moses and the Israelites at Mount Sinai.


lexentry: eng/Sheba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sheba
trans_list: Królestwo Saba
sense:
(biblical) A former kingdom in the Red Sea region. An ancient kingdom in Arabia or possibly in Africa. Frequently equated with ancient Saba.


lexentry: eng/Sherlock_Holmes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Sherlock Holmes
trans_list: Sherlock | Sherlock Holmes
sense:
(figuratively, by extension) Any person who has or is considered to have great powers of observation and deduction.


lexentry: eng/Sherpa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sherpa
trans_list: Szerpa | Szerpijka
sense:
A member of a particular Himalayan ethnic group living in Nepal and Tibet, known especially as mountaineers.


lexentry: eng/Shinto__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shinto
trans_list: szinto | szintoizm
sense:
Formerly the state religion of Japan, a type of animism involving the worship of ancestors and nature spirits.


lexentry: eng/Shiva__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shiva
trans_list: Śiwa
sense:
(Hinduism) The god of destruction and transformation, and together with Brahma and Vishnu, one of the principal deities in Hinduism. Within Shaivism he is viewed as the Supreme deity, whereas in other branches of Hinduism such as the Smarta tradition he is worshipped as one of the six manifestations of the Divine.


lexentry: eng/Shkodër__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shkodër
trans_list: Szkodra
sense:
A city in northwestern Albania (the country's fifth largest), located on a plain between the marshlands of Lake Shkodër and the foothills of the Albanian Alps, surrounded on three sides by the rivers Kir, Drin and Buna; it is the seat of its eponymous county, municipality and administrative unit.


lexentry: eng/Shrovetide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Shrovetide
trans_list: ostatki | zapusty
sense:
The three days immediately preceding Lent; Shrove Sunday, Shrove Monday, and Shrove Tuesday, preceding Ash Wednesday.


lexentry: eng/Siamese_cat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Siamese cat
trans_list: kot syjamski
sense:
A short-haired breed of domestic cat having blue eyes and pointed coat pattern, that is, a pale body and dark extremities.


lexentry: eng/Siberian_Husky__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Siberian Husky
trans_list: husky syberyjski
sense:
(zoology) A medium-sized spitz breed of dog originally used for herding reindeer and pulling sleighs.


lexentry: eng/Siberian_crane__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Siberian crane
trans_list: żuraw biały | żuraw syberyjski | żuraw śnieżny
sense:
(ornithology) A large white crane, Grus leucogeranus, which breeds in Arctic Russia and western Siberia.


lexentry: eng/Sicilian_Defence__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sicilian Defence
trans_list: obrona sycylijska
sense:
A chess opening characterized by the moves 1.e4 c5, in which both the white king's pawn and the black king's bishop's pawn advance two squares as the first moves.


lexentry: eng/Sicily__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sicily
trans_list: Sycylia
sense:
The largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily.


lexentry: eng/Sierpinski_triangle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sierpinski triangle
trans_list: trójkąt Sierpińskiego
sense:
A fractal consisting of three copies of itself, shrunk to half size, arranged in a triangular shape without rotating.


lexentry: eng/Sigurd__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sigurd
trans_list: Sygurd
sense:
(Norse mythology) The principal hero of the Volsungasaga and of the Elder Edda's Niflung cycle, who slew a dragon.


lexentry: eng/Sikhism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sikhism
trans_list: sikhizm
sense:
A revealed, monotheistic religion originating in northern India, in the 15th century, through Guru Nanak and his successors.


lexentry: eng/Silent_Sam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Silent Sam
trans_list: milczek
sense:
(informal, sometimes used attributively) A person who seldom or never speaks; a taciturn or unresponsive individual.


lexentry: eng/Silesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Silesia
trans_list: Śląsk
sense:
A region in central Europe, now chiefly in Poland, with small portions in the Czech Republic and Germany, from early modernity until 1945 predominantly German-speaking with Slavic-speaking minorities (and local majorities).


lexentry: eng/Silesian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Silesian
trans_list: język śląski | etnolekt śląski | gwara śląska | śląszczyzna
sense:
(uncountable) Upper Silesian, a West Slavic language spoken in southwestern parts of Poland and the Czech Republic.


lexentry: eng/Silicon_Valley__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Silicon Valley
trans_list: Dolina Krzemowa
sense:
(informal) Originally, the region of the San Francisco Bay Area in which there were a high number of industries producing silicon chips; later extended to mean the entire concentration of high-tech businesses in this area.


lexentry: eng/Silk_Road__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Silk Road
trans_list: jedwabny szlak | Jedwabny Szlak
sense:
(historical) An extensive interconnected network of trade routes across Asia, North and Northeast Africa, and Europe, historically used by silk traders.


lexentry: eng/Simferopol__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Simferopol
trans_list: Symferopol
sense:
The capital city and raion of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine and capital city of the Republic of Crimea, Russia.


lexentry: eng/Simon_says__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Simon says
trans_list: Szymon mówi
sense:
(games) A children's game where players must carry out only those commands that are preceded by the utterance "Simon says".


lexentry: eng/Sinai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sinai
trans_list: Synaj
sense:
A mountain in Sinai Peninsula; the location where Moses is said to have received the Ten Commandments from God.


lexentry: eng/Sinbad__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sinbad
trans_list: Sindbad
sense:
(fiction) A fictional sailor, the hero of a story-cycle of Middle Eastern origin, who encountered monsters and magic while travelling the seas east of Africa and south of Asia.


lexentry: eng/Sindhi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sindhi
trans_list: Sindhi
sense:
An Indo-Aryan language spoken in four main dialects in Pakistan and India. There are around 35 million Sindhi speakers in Sindh سنڌ and more than 40 million throughout the world. Sindhi is written with a modified Arabic script that has 52 letters, and in a modified Devanagari script too.


lexentry: eng/Singapore__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Singapore
trans_list: Singapur
sense:
An island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony. Official name: Republic of Singapore.


lexentry: eng/Sinhalese__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sinhalese
trans_list: syngaleski
sense:
Of or pertaining to the majority ethnic group of Sri Lanka, their Indo-Aryan language, or their culture.


lexentry: eng/Sino-Japanese__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sino-Japanese
trans_list: chińsko-japoński
sense:
Involving both China and Japan, for example the First Sino-Japanese War, or Sino-Japanese vocabulary


lexentry: eng/Sinocentrism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sinocentrism
trans_list: sinocentryzm
sense:
(historical) The belief, held by the ancient Chinese, that China was literally the centre of the world.


lexentry: eng/Sint_Eustatius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sint Eustatius
trans_list: Sint Eustatius
sense:
A Caribbean island, in the northern Leeward Islands portion of the West Indies, that is a special municipality of the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Sint_Maarten__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sint Maarten
trans_list: Sint Maarten
sense:
A dependent territory and constituent country of the Netherlands, located on the southern half of the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean Sea. Capital: Philipsburg.


lexentry: eng/Sisyphus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sisyphus
trans_list: Syzyf
sense:
(Greek mythology) Son of Aeolus and Enarete, and king of Ephyra, as tragic figure doomed eternally to roll a boulder up a hill in Tartarus, a part of Hades.


lexentry: eng/Sjögren's_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sjögren's syndrome
trans_list: zespół Sjögrena
sense:
An autoimmune disorder in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.


lexentry: eng/Slavic_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Slavic studies
trans_list: slawistyka | słowianoznawstwo
sense:
(humanities, US) A field of academic study concerned with Slavic areas, Slavic languages, literature, history, and culture.


lexentry: eng/Slavism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Slavism
trans_list: slawizm | słowianizm
sense:
(countable) A linguistic feature of one or more Slavic languages, especially a Slavic idiom or phrasing that appears in a non-Slavic language.


lexentry: eng/Slavonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Slavonia
trans_list: Slawonia
sense:
In early modern times: Kingdom of Slavonia, covering north-eastern parts of modern Croatia and region of Syrmia in modern Serbia.


lexentry: eng/Slavophilia__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Slavophilia
trans_list: słowianofilstwo
sense:
An ideological commitment to maintaining traditional Slavic culture and values and resisting non-Slavic influences (as first formulated in 19th-century imperial Russia).


lexentry: eng/Sleeping_Beauty__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sleeping Beauty
trans_list: Śpiąca Królewna
sense:
The main character in this story, who is in unbroken slumber under a magical spell, awaiting the kiss of a prince.


lexentry: eng/Slovenia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Slovenia
trans_list: Słowenia
sense:
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe. Official name: Republic of Slovenia. Capital and largest city: Ljubljana. Part of Yugoslavia until 1991.


lexentry: eng/Slovio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Slovio
trans_list: slovio
sense:
An artificial language based on the Slavic languages and written in either the Latin or Cyrillic script, intended to be readily understandable by speakers of any modern Slavic language.


lexentry: eng/Slytherin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Slytherin
trans_list: Ślizgon
sense:
A person having traits associated with Slytherin house from the Harry Potter series, including ambition, cunning, or an affinity for snakes or the colours green and silver.


lexentry: eng/Snake_Island__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Snake Island
trans_list: Wyspa Wężowa
sense:
An island in Budjak, on the Black Sea, at the Danue Delta, Danube River in Odessa Oblast, Ukraine, on the border with Romania


lexentry: eng/Snell's_law__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Snell's law
trans_list: prawo Snella | prawo Snelliusa
sense:
(optics) the law that, for a ray incident on the interface of two media, the sine of the angle of incidence times the index of the refraction of the first medium is equal to the sine of the angle of refraction times the index of refraction of the second medium


lexentry: eng/Snoopy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Snoopy
trans_list: Snoopy
sense:
Charlie Brown's pet beagle in the comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz; often representing doggish soulfulness.


lexentry: eng/Snow_White__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Snow White
trans_list: Śnieżka | Białośnieżka
sense:
A fictional character in the fairy tale Snow-White and Rose-Red, from Schneeweißchen und Rosenrot collected by the Brothers Grimm.


lexentry: eng/Society_of_Jesus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Society of Jesus
trans_list: Towarzystwo Jezusowe
sense:
An order of Roman Catholic clergy, the Jesuits, having a tradition of education, theological scholarship, and missionary work; formed during the 16th century.


lexentry: eng/Socotra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Socotra
trans_list: Sokotra
sense:
An island in Yemen, between the Guardafui Channel to the west, Gulf of Aden to the northwest, the Somali Sea to the south, and the Arabian Sea to the east


lexentry: eng/Socratic_irony__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Socratic irony
trans_list: ironia sokratejska
sense:
The practice or act of asking someone a question, as though ignorant of the answer, in order to show a flaw in their argument.


lexentry: eng/Sodom__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sodom
trans_list: Sodoma
sense:
(biblical, Quranic) A city in the Middle East which, according to the Bible and Islamic tradition, but not specifically named in the Qur'an, was destroyed by God (along with Gomorrah) for the sins of its inhabitants.


lexentry: eng/Sogdiana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sogdiana
trans_list: Sogdiana
sense:
An ancient Iranian-speaking civilization of what is today eastern Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan.


lexentry: eng/Solar_System__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Solar System
trans_list: Układ Słoneczny | System Słoneczny
sense:
(astronomy) The Sun and all the heavenly bodies that orbit around it, including the eight planets, their moons, the asteroids, and comets.


lexentry: eng/Solidarity__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Solidarity
trans_list: Solidarność
sense:
(historical) A political movement begun in the labor unions of Poland that contributed to the fall of Communism in that country.


lexentry: eng/Solomon_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Solomon Islands
trans_list: Wyspy Salomona
sense:
A country consisting of the majority of the Solomon Islands archipelago in Melanesia, in Oceania, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands. Official name: Solomon Islands. Capital and largest city: Honiara.


lexentry: eng/Solomon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Solomon
trans_list: Salomon
sense:
(Biblical character) In the Old Testament and Qur'an, a king of Israel famous for his wisdom; father of King Rehoboam and the son of King David.


lexentry: eng/Somalia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Somalia
trans_list: Somalia
sense:
A country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa. Official name: Federal Republic of Somalia. Capital: Mogadishu.


lexentry: eng/Somaliland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Somaliland
trans_list: Somaliland
sense:
An unrecognized state in East Africa, de-facto independent of Somalia; formerly the Somali Coast Protectorate.


lexentry: eng/Son_of_Man__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Son of Man
trans_list: Syn Człowieczy
sense:
(Christianity) A Christian title of Jesus Christ, referring to his status as a celestial being who presides as an eschatological judge.


lexentry: eng/Song_of_Songs__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Song of Songs
trans_list: Pieśń nad Pieśniami
sense:
(biblical) The twenty-second book of the Christian Old Testament and the seventeenth book of the Hebrew Bible.


lexentry: eng/Sophocles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sophocles
trans_list: Sofokles
sense:
A Greek dramatic poet (ca. 497 BCE – 405 BCE); Sophocles was one of the three greatest Greek tragedians. In the Athenian dramatic competitions of the Festival of Dionysus, he won more first prizes (around 20) than any other playwright, and placed second in all others he participated in. He is best remembered for his Oedipus Cycle of plays.


lexentry: eng/Sound__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sound
trans_list: Sund
sense:
The strait that separates Zealand (an island of Denmark) from Scania (part of Sweden); also sometimes called by the Danish name, Øresund.


lexentry: eng/South_Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Africa
trans_list: Afryka Południowa | Republika Południowej Afryki
sense:
A country in Southern Africa. Official name: Republic of South Africa. Capitals: Pretoria, Cape Town, and Bloemfontein.


lexentry: eng/South_African_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South African Republic
trans_list: Republika Południowej Afryki
sense:
A former country in Southern Africa, the official English name of the Transvaal "Boer republic" state that existed from 1852 to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland's annexation of it in 1902.


lexentry: eng/South_America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South America
trans_list: Ameryka Południowa
sense:
The continent that is the southern part of the Americas. It is east of the Pacific Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, south of North America and north of Antarctica.


lexentry: eng/South_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Asia
trans_list: Azja Południowa
sense:
All the countries of the Indian subcontinent (principally India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan) and the Indian Ocean (principally Sri Lanka, Maldives)


lexentry: eng/South_Australia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Australia
trans_list: Australia Południowa
sense:
One of the six states of Australia, located in the central southern part of the continent, with its capital at Adelaide.


lexentry: eng/South_Caucasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Caucasus
trans_list: Zakaukazie
sense:
A mountainous region in ًWest Asia, lying between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising republics of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. Also known as Transcaucasus.


lexentry: eng/South_China_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South China Sea
trans_list: Morze Południowochińskie
sense:
The western arm of the Pacific Ocean, between the Asian mainland and Taiwan, Borneo and the Philippines.


lexentry: eng/South_Dakota__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Dakota
trans_list: Dakota Południowa
sense:
A state in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. Capital: Pierre. Largest city: Sioux Falls.


lexentry: eng/South_Georgia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Georgia
trans_list: Georgia Południowa
sense:
Ellipsis of South Georgia Island.; An island in the southern Atlantic Ocean, part of the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, United Kingdom, a British-owned territory


lexentry: eng/South_Korea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Korea
trans_list: Korea Południowa
sense:
A country in East Asia, comprising the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Official name: Republic of Korea. Capital: Seoul.


lexentry: eng/South_Ossetia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Ossetia
trans_list: Osetia Południowa
sense:
A disputed region in the South Caucasus. Formally recognized as a part of Georgia by most countries, but de facto an independent country fully named Republic of South Ossetia, with capital city Tskhinvali.


lexentry: eng/South_Pole__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Pole
trans_list: biegun południowy
sense:
(geography) The Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole; the point which south is oriented towards, and therefore the southernmost point on Earth (having a latitude of -90°).


lexentry: eng/South_Sudan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Sudan
trans_list: Sudan Południowy
sense:
A country in East Africa. Official name: Republic of South Sudan, formerly the southern part of Sudan.


lexentry: eng/South_Tyrol__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Tyrol
trans_list: Górna Adyga
sense:
A predominantly German-speaking autonomous province of north-east Italy (until 1919 part of Austria, since 1972 under a special autonomy statute).


lexentry: eng/South_Vietnam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Vietnam
trans_list: Wietnam Południowy
sense:
(historical) A state, officially the Republic of Vietnam, that governed southern Vietnam in 1955–1975.


lexentry: eng/South_Yemen__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: South Yemen
trans_list: Jemen Południowy
sense:
(historical) A former country in the Middle East from 1967 until 1990; full name People's Democratic Republic of Yemen.


lexentry: eng/Southeast_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Southeast Asia
trans_list: Azja Południowo-Wschodnia
sense:
A subregion of Asia, comprising the territories of Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.


lexentry: eng/Southern_Cross__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Southern Cross
trans_list: Krzyż Południa
sense:
(constellation) A distinctive winter constellation of the southern sky, shaped like a cross, which appears in the flags of several countries in Oceania.


lexentry: eng/Southern_Min__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Southern Min
trans_list: Język minnański
sense:
A group of local languages of Min Chinese, which can trace their origins to southern Fujian province, China.


lexentry: eng/Southern_Ocean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Southern Ocean
trans_list: Ocean Południowy | Ocean Antarktyczny
sense:
The portion of the World Ocean surrounding Antarctica, variously taken as the waters south of the Antarctic Circle, the waters south of 60° S, or the waters bounded by the Antarctic Convergence.


lexentry: eng/Southern_Rhodesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Southern Rhodesia
trans_list: Rodezja Południowa
sense:
(historical) A former colony of the United Kingdom; a name used to refer to the area now called Zimbabwe, officially introduced in 1901. A self-governing colony of Britain from 1923, its government began to refer to itself simply as Rhodesia in 1964, when Northern Rhodesia became Zambia. The name Zimbabwe was adopted in 1980.


lexentry: eng/Soviet_Russia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Soviet Russia
trans_list: Rosja Radziecka
sense:
The unofficial term used for the former Russian Republic for a short period after its collapse - from 7 November 1917 (October Revolution) to 19 July 1918 (1st RSFSR Constitution) or to 30 December 1922 (Treaty on the Creation of the USSR). Also used to refer to the Soviet Union as a whole in the early stages.


lexentry: eng/Soviet_Socialist_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (historical, political subdivision) Any of the republics belonging to the former Soviet Union.
written_rep: Soviet Socialist Republic
trans_list:
republika radziecka | republika sowiecka | socjalistyczna republika radziecka | socjalistyczna republika sowiecka


lexentry: eng/Space_Shuttle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Space Shuttle
trans_list: prom kosmiczny
sense:
A space transportation system developed by NASA consisting of a reusable winged orbiter, a set of recoverable booster rockets, and a fuel tank.


lexentry: eng/Spain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Spain
trans_list: Hiszpania
sense:
A country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula. Official name: Kingdom of Spain. Capital and largest city: Madrid.


lexentry: eng/Spalnoye__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Spalnoye
trans_list: Spalnoje
sense:
A hamlet in Borkovsky selsoviet, Sudzhansky Raion, Kursk Oblast, Central Federal District, Russia, situated on the banks of the River Psyol.


lexentry: eng/Spartacus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Spartacus
trans_list: Spartakus
sense:
A Thracian name, notably borne by a gladiator who was one of the slave leaders in a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic.


lexentry: eng/Sphinx__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sphinx
trans_list: Sfinks
sense:
(usually, with "the") An ancient, large statue in Egypt, with the face of a man and the body of a lion, lying near the Great Pyramids.


lexentry: eng/Sphinx__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sphinx
trans_list: Sfinks
sense:
(Greek mythology) One of the many offspring of Typhon and Echidna, a winged lion-like creature with a woman's face, who committed suicide out of frustration after Oedipus managed to solve her riddles.


lexentry: eng/Spiritism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Spiritism
trans_list: spirytyzm
sense:
A philosophical doctrine, established in France in the mid nineteenth century, postulating that humans are essentially immortal spirits that temporarily inhabit physical bodies, and may have influence on the physical world.


lexentry: eng/Springfield__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Springfield
trans_list: Springfield
sense:
A census-designated place in West Virginia; named for the Battle of Springfield (1780), which took place in the township of Union County, New Jersey.


lexentry: eng/Springtime_of_Nations__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Springtime of Nations
trans_list: Wiosna Ludów
sense:
(history, European history) A period, sometimes confounded with the Age of Revolution in Europe and/or the pre-March era (Vormärz) specifically in Germany; variously beginning in 1789 (the French Revolution) or (in Germany) either in 1815 (German Confederation) or 1830 (French July Revolution) and leading up to to the Revolutions of 1848.


lexentry: eng/Srebrenica__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Srebrenica
trans_list: Srebrenica
sense:
A town and municipality in the easternmost part of Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was the site of an ethnic cleansing massacre in July 1995.


lexentry: eng/Sri_Lanka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sri Lanka
trans_list: Sri Lanka
sense:
An island and country in South Asia, off the coast of India. Official name: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Capital: Colombo.


lexentry: eng/St._Elmo's_fire__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: St. Elmo's fire
trans_list: ognie świętego Elma
sense:
An electrical discharge, or corona, seen around pointed objects, caused by ionization of the atmosphere during storms.


lexentry: eng/St._John's_wort__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: St. John's wort
trans_list: dziurawiec | dziurawiec zwyczajny | kotwica | ziele świętojańskie
sense:
Any of several plants, of the genus Hypericum, especially Hypericum perforatum, that have yellow flowers and traditionally ward off evil.


lexentry: eng/Stakhanovite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stakhanovite
trans_list: stachanowiec
sense:
(historical) An extremely productive or hard-working worker, especially in the former USSR, who may earn special rewards; a workaholic.


lexentry: eng/Stalin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stalin
trans_list: Stalin
sense:
A surname from Russian; usually referring to the Russian [empire, republic] revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Joseph Stalin.


lexentry: eng/Star_Wars__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Star Wars
trans_list: Gwiezdne wojny
sense:
An American epic space opera franchise centered on a film series created by George Lucas in a setting where futuristic technology co-exists with a semi-sentient form of magic/religion called the Force.


lexentry: eng/Star_of_Bethlehem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Star of Bethlehem
trans_list: Gwiazda Betlejemska
sense:
(Biblical) The bright star in the Gospel of Matthew that lead the "wise men from the East" to travel to Bethlehem.


lexentry: eng/Star_of_David__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Star of David
trans_list: gwiazda Dawida
sense:
(Judaism) A symbol of Jewish identity and Judaism, having the shape of a hexagram, the compound of two equilateral triangles.


lexentry: eng/Stare__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 07
written_rep: Stare
trans_list: Stare
sense:
A rural settlement in Kadiivka urban hromada, Alchevsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1930, controlled by the Luhansk People’s Republic since 2014


lexentry: eng/Staré__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Staré
trans_list: Staré
sense:
A village and municipality in okres Michalovce, Košice kraj, eastern Slovakia, first mentioned in 1273


lexentry: eng/Stasi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stasi
trans_list: Stasi
sense:
(derogatory) People who engage in covert surveillence or similar activities associated with secret police.


lexentry: eng/Statue_of_Liberty__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Statue of Liberty
trans_list: Statua Wolności
sense:
A very large statue in New York harbor, representing the Roman goddess Libertas, and considered emblematic of the United States and its attractiveness to voluntary immigrants.


lexentry: eng/Stendhalian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stendhalian
trans_list: stendhalowski
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or in the style of French novelist Marie-Henri Beyle (1783–1842), known as Stendhal.


lexentry: eng/Stigmata__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stigmata
trans_list: stygmaty
sense:
(religion, Christianity) bodily marks or sores, corresponding in location to the crucifixion wounds of Christ; supposed to occur during states of religious ecstasy or hysteria, and sometimes reported to bleed periodically


lexentry: eng/Stokavian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stokavian
trans_list: sztokawski
sense:
The most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, which is used as the dialectal basis for standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian. The word what is usually rendered as što, whence the name.


lexentry: eng/Stone_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stone Age
trans_list: epoka kamienia
sense:
(archaeology, paleontology) A broad prehistoric period during which humans widely used stone for toolmaking.


lexentry: eng/Stone__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stone
trans_list: Kamień
sense:
(countable) An English occupational and habitational surname from Old English, for someone who lived near a stone worked with stone, from Old English stan.


lexentry: eng/Strait_of_Dover__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Strait of Dover
trans_list: Cieśnina Kaletańska
sense:
A strait in the English Channel, connecting to the North Sea, between Dover (England) and Calais (France)


lexentry: eng/Strait_of_Kerch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Strait of Kerch
trans_list: Cieśnina Kerczeńska
sense:
A strait that connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, separating the Kerch Peninsula of Crimea in the west from the Taman Peninsula of Russia's Krasnodar Krai in the east.


lexentry: eng/Strait_of_Magellan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Strait of Magellan
trans_list: Cieśnina Magellana
sense:
A navigable sea route between the southern coast of Chile and the northern coast of Tierra del Fuego.


lexentry: eng/Strait_of_Messina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Strait of Messina
trans_list: Cieśnina Mesyńska | Cieśnina Messyńska
sense:
The narrow section of water between the eastern tip of Sicily and the southern tip of mainland Italy.


lexentry: eng/Strasbourg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Strasbourg
trans_list: Strasburg | Sztrasburg
sense:
The capital city of the Bas-Rhin department, France; capital city of the region of Grand Est; located in the historic region of Alsace, near the border with Germany and at various historical points a part of Germany.


lexentry: eng/Stuttgart__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Stuttgart
trans_list: Stuttgart
sense:
An unincorporated community in Phillips County, Kansas, located in the north of the state off U.S. Route 36 7.6 mi west-northwest of Phillipsburg and 6.6 mi east-southeast of Prairie View.


lexentry: eng/Stymphalian_bird__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Stymphalian bird
trans_list: Ptaki stymfalijskie
sense:
(Greek mythology) A man-eating bird with a bronze beak and sharp metallic feathers it could launch at its victims, which infested Stymphalus. They were slain by Herakles as part of his sixth Labour, who took advantage of their sensitive sense of hearing.


lexentry: eng/Sukhumi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sukhumi
trans_list: Suchumi
sense:
The capital city of Abkhazia, a de-facto independent country internationally recognized as part of the country of Georgia.


lexentry: eng/Sukkot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sukkot
trans_list: Sukkot | Święto Szałasów | Kuczki | Święto Namiotów
sense:
(Judaism) An ancient biblical / Israelite / Jewish festival lasting seven days, celebrating the autumn harvest and commemorating the passage through the wilderness: observed from the 15th day to the 21st day of the month of Tishrei (Tishri).


lexentry: eng/Sumy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sumy
trans_list: Sumy
sense:
A city and municipality, the administrative centre of Sumy Raion, Sumy Oblast, Ukraine, on the Psel river.


lexentry: eng/Sun__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sun
trans_list: słońce | Słońce
sense:
The star at the center of the Solar System (our solar system), which shines in our sky, represented in astronomy and astrology by ☉.


lexentry: eng/Sundanese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sundanese
trans_list: Sundajczyk
sense:
A member of an ethnic group in the western part of the island of Java in Indonesia, numbering approximately 42 million.


lexentry: eng/Sunday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sunday
trans_list: niedziela
sense:
The first day of the week in many religious traditions, and the seventh day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 standard; the Christian Sabbath; the Lord's Day; it follows Saturday and precedes Monday.


lexentry: eng/Sunni_Islam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sunni Islam
trans_list: sunnizm
sense:
(Islam) The largest branch of Islam, followed by around 1.7 billion people, whose adherents believe that Muhammad died without appointing a successor, leading to the election of Abu Bakr as the legitimate leader of the Muslim community.


lexentry: eng/Supreme_Leader__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Supreme Leader
trans_list: Najwyższy Prawnik Muzułmański | Najwyższy Przywódca
sense:
(politics) The head of state and commander-in-chief of the entire armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with the authority to dismiss the Iranian president. The Supreme Leader is also the highest-ranking spiritual leader in Iran.


lexentry: eng/Suriname__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Suriname
trans_list: Surinam
sense:
A country in South America. Official name: Republic of Suriname. Capital and largest city: Paramaribo.


lexentry: eng/Surrey__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Surrey
trans_list: Surrey
sense:
The easternmost of the three historical counties of Jamaica, bordered by the county of Middlesex in the west; named after the English county.


lexentry: eng/Surzhyk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Surzhyk
trans_list: surżyk
sense:
A pidgin language or interlanguage combining elements of Russian and Ukrainian, spoken mainly in Ukraine but also some neighbouring regions in Russia (Kursk, Voronezh and Belgorod) or Ukrainians living in Russia.


lexentry: eng/Sussex__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sussex
trans_list: Sussex
sense:
A former county of south-east England, England, United Kingdom, now divided into East- and West-), then bordered by Surrey, Kent, Hampshire and the English Channel.


lexentry: eng/Suwalki_gap__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Suwalki gap
trans_list: korytarz suwalski | przesmyk suwalski
sense:
The strip of NATO-controlled territory along the Polish–Lithuanian border, separating Russia (Kaliningrad) from its ally Belarus.


lexentry: eng/Sverdlovsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Sverdlovsk
trans_list: Swierdłowsk
sense:
(historical) Yekaterinburg, a city, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia (from 1921 to 1991).


lexentry: eng/Svetovid__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Svetovid
trans_list: Świętowit
sense:
The chief god of the Slavic tribe of Rani and the Polabian Slavs, ruling over war, fertility, and prosperity.


lexentry: eng/Swadesh_list__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swadesh list
trans_list: Lista Swadesha
sense:
(linguistics) One of the lists of vocabulary with universal test meanings/concepts developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1950-70s.


lexentry: eng/Swahili__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swahili
trans_list: suahili
sense:
An agglutinative language of the Bantu branch widely spoken in East Africa. Born in its modern form from the hybridization of the Arabic and Bantu cultures, it was the language of the traders in East Africa, and spread along the routes of trade.


lexentry: eng/Swazi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swazi
trans_list: suazi
sense:
A Bantu language primarily spoken in Swaziland/Eswatini and the South African regions adjacent to it.


lexentry: eng/Swedish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swedish
trans_list: szwedzki
sense:
The language of Sweden and Åland (an autonomous part of Finland). Swedish is also one of the two official languages of Finland, spoken by 6% of the citizens. A very small minority in Estonia has Swedish as their mother tongue.


lexentry: eng/Swedish_massage__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swedish massage
trans_list: masaż szwedzki
sense:
A popular style of massage involving effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, friction, and vibration/shaking as the basic strokes.


lexentry: eng/Swedish_mile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swedish mile
trans_list: mila
sense:
A unit of measure used in Sweden and other parts of Scandinavia, today with a length of 10 kilometres, but formerly with different values.


lexentry: eng/Swiss_Army_knife__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swiss Army knife
trans_list: szwajcarski nóż oficerski
sense:
Any of a class of multi-function pocket knives or multitools, having a blade and various tools, such as screwdrivers and can openers.


lexentry: eng/Swiss_roll__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Swiss roll
trans_list: rolada
sense:
A type of sponge cake rolled up into a cylinder, typically but not exclusively with jam or chocolate filling.


lexentry: eng/Switzerland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Switzerland
trans_list: Szwajcaria
sense:
A country in Western Europe and Central Europe. Official name: Swiss Confederation. Capital: Bern (de facto).


lexentry: eng/Sydney__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Sydney
trans_list: Sydney
sense:
(uncountable) A major port city, the state capital of New South Wales, Australia, and the most populous city in Australia.


lexentry: eng/Syracusan__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Syracusan
trans_list: syrakuzański
sense:
Of or belonging to Syracuse, a city in Sicily, Italy, or of the city of Syracuse in central New York State.


lexentry: eng/Syria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Syria
trans_list: Syria
sense:
(historical) Syria (an ancient region in the Levant in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern country of Syria).


lexentry: eng/Székely__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Székely
trans_list: Sekler | Seklerka
sense:
A member of a subgroup of the Hungarian people living mostly in the Székely Land in present-day Romania.


lexentry: eng/São_Tomé_and_Príncipe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: São Tomé and Príncipe
trans_list: Wyspy Świętego Tomasza i Książęca
sense:
A country and archipelago in Central Africa, in the Atlantic Ocean. Official name: Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe. Capital: São Tomé.


lexentry: eng/T-bar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: T-bar
trans_list: orczyk | wyciąg orczykowy
sense:
(skiing) A type of ski lift where skiers/snowboarders are dragged up the ski run while they slide along on their skis/snowboards on the slope. They hang onto a T-shaped bar, a crossbar handle and a lead shaft linking to the drive cable.


lexentry: eng/T-beam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: T-beam
trans_list: teownik
sense:
(construction, mechanical engineering) A structural member with a cross section shaped like the letter T.


lexentry: eng/T-shirt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: T-shirt
trans_list: koszulka | T-shirt
sense:
(clothing) A lightweight shirt without buttons, usually with short sleeves and no collar. Often made of cotton and frequently bears a picture or slogan.


lexentry: eng/T-square__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: T-square
trans_list: przykładnica
sense:
A rule with a short perpendicular crosspiece at one end, used by draughtsmen to draw parallel lines.


lexentry: eng/Tabasco__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tabasco
trans_list: tabasco
sense:
A spicy pepper sauce made from tabasco pepper (a chili pepper) with the addition of vinegar and salt.


lexentry: eng/Tacitus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tacitus
trans_list: Tacyt
sense:
A Roman cognomen, notably borne by Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (c.56–117), a historian of ancient Rome and Marcus Claudius Tacitus (c.200–275), a Roman emperor.


lexentry: eng/Taimyr__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Taimyr
trans_list: Tajmyr
sense:
A large peninsula in the Russian North that forms the northernmost part of mainland Eurasia and Asia in Krasnoyarsk kray, Russia.


lexentry: eng/Taiwan_Strait__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Taiwan Strait
trans_list: Cieśnina Tajwańska
sense:
The strait dividing mainland Asia (China) from Taiwan island and connecting the East and South China Seas.


lexentry: eng/Taj_Mahal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Taj Mahal
trans_list: Tadź Mahal | Tadż Mahal
sense:
A monument in Agra, India, constructed between 1631 and 1654, considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in the world.


lexentry: eng/Tajik__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tajik
trans_list: tadżycki
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to Tajikistan, the Tajik people (living in Tajikistan and Afghanistan) or the Tajiki dialect of Persian.


lexentry: eng/Taliban__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Taliban
trans_list: Taliban | Talibowie
sense:
A Deobandi Islamist and largely Pashtun religious political movement founded in Afghanistan in 1994 by mullah Mohammad Omar, which has governed the country from 1996 to 2001 and since 2021.


lexentry: eng/Talmud__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Talmud
trans_list: Talmud
sense:
(Judaism) A collection of Jewish writings related to the practical application of Judaic law and tradition (may refer to either the Babylonian Talmud or the shorter Jerusalem Talmud).


lexentry: eng/Talmudic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Talmudic
trans_list: talmudyczny
sense:
Of or relating to the era of Jewish history, immediately following the destruction of the Second Temple, during which the Talmud was being compiled (c. 70–500 AD).


lexentry: eng/Tamil_Tigers__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tamil Tigers
trans_list: Tamilskie Tygrysy
sense:
A former guerrilla and conventional militant organization that sought the establishment of an independent homeland () in the northeast of Sri Lanka for the minority Tamil community.


lexentry: eng/Tamil__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Tamil
trans_list: tamilski
sense:
(uncountable) A Dravidian language spoken in the state of Tamil Nadu, India and in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia.


lexentry: eng/Tanakh__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tanakh
trans_list: Tanach
sense:
(biblical, Judaism) The body of Jewish scripture comprising the Torah, the Neviim (prophets) and the Ketuvim (writings), corresponding roughly to the Christian Old Testament.


lexentry: eng/Tanganyika__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Tanganyika
trans_list: Tanganika
sense:
A former British mandate and territory and, between 1961 and 1964, an independent country in East Africa.


lexentry: eng/Tangier__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tangier
trans_list: Tanger
sense:
A port city, the capital of the region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco, on the Strait of Gibraltar.


lexentry: eng/Tantalus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tantalus
trans_list: Tantal
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Phrygian king who was condemned to remain in Tartarus, chin-deep in water, with fruit-laden branches hanging above his head; whenever he tried to drink or eat, the water and fruit receded out of reach.


lexentry: eng/Tao__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tao
trans_list: dao | tao
sense:
(Chinese, _, philosophy) In Taoism, The Way, specifically the transcendental basis of nature and, and/or the ideal way to live one's life.


lexentry: eng/Taoism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Taoism
trans_list: taoizm | daoizm
sense:
A Chinese mystical philosophy traditionally founded by Lao-tzu in the 6th century B.C.E. that teaches conformity to the tao by unassertive action and simplicity.


lexentry: eng/Taoism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Taoism
trans_list: taoizm | daoizm
sense:
A religion developed from Taoist philosophy and folk and Buddhist religion and concerned with obtaining long life and good fortune often by magical means.


lexentry: eng/Tartarus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tartarus
trans_list: Tartar
sense:
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A dark and gloomy part of the realm of Hades, reserved for the damned and the wicked, such as the Titans; an equivalent of hell in Greek and Roman mythology.


lexentry: eng/Tasmania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tasmania
trans_list: Tasmania
sense:
One of the six federal states of Australia, consisting of one large, eponymous and several much smaller islands, off the eastern part of Australia's south coast, having its capital at Hobart.


lexentry: eng/Tasmania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Tasmania
trans_list: Tasmania
sense:
The large island of Australia comprising the majority of the state of Tasmania's land area and on which most of its inhabitants live.


lexentry: eng/Tasmanian_devil__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tasmanian devil
trans_list: diabeł tasmański
sense:
A medium-sized carnivorous marsupial (Sarcophilus harrisii) found exclusively on the island of Tasmania.


lexentry: eng/Tatar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tatar
trans_list: Tatar | Tatarka
sense:
A person belonging to one of several Turkic, Tatar-speaking ethnic groups in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia.


lexentry: eng/Tatar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tatar
trans_list: tatarski
sense:
An agglutinative language belonging to the Altai group of Turkic languages. It is an official language of Tatarstan. There are some eight million speakers spread across Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia.


sense_num: 01
sense: A hill near Pōrangahau, in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand.
written_rep: Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu
trans_list: Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu
lexentry:
eng/Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu__Proper_noun__1


lexentry: eng/Taurus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Taurus
trans_list: Byk
sense:
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a bull and containing the star Aldebaran.


lexentry: eng/Taurus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Taurus
trans_list: Byk
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the bull, ruled by Venus and covering April 21 - May 21 (tropical astrology) or May 16 - June 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Tchaikovsky__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tchaikovsky
trans_list: Czajkowski
sense:
A transliteration of the Russian surname Чайко́вский (Čajkóvskij), usually applying to Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.


lexentry: eng/Telescopium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Telescopium
trans_list: Luneta
sense:
(constellation) A small faint constellation of the southern winter sky, said to resemble a telescope. It lies south of the constellation of Corona Australis.


lexentry: eng/Telesphoros__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Telesphoros
trans_list: Telesforos
sense:
(Greek god) A god/personification of recuperation from illness or injury. He is a healer and a son of Asclepius and Epione.


lexentry: eng/Temple__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Temple
trans_list: sanktuarium
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, historical) Any of the former chief temples to YHWH in Jerusalem, particularly Solomon's Temple.


lexentry: eng/Temple__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Temple
trans_list: sanktuarium
sense:
Either of two of the Inns of Court in London (the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple), built on a site once occupied by the Knights Templar.


lexentry: eng/Ten_Commandments__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ten Commandments
trans_list: dekalog | dziesięcioro przykazań | dziesięć przykazań
sense:
(bible) A particular list of religious and moral imperatives which, according to the Old Testament of the Bible or the Hebrew Bible, were twice given or dictated by God to Moses on Mount Sinai and inscribed on two stone tablets.


lexentry: eng/Terpsichore__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Terpsichore
trans_list: Terpsychora
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of dance and the dramatic chorus, and one of the Muses; the daughters of Zeus & Mnemosyne.


lexentry: eng/Terracotta_Army__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Terracotta Army
trans_list: Terakotowa Armia
sense:
A collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China, located in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.


lexentry: eng/Tetragrammaton__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tetragrammaton
trans_list: tetragram
sense:
(Judaism) The word in four Hebrew letters יהוה (in transliteration as YHWH or JHVH) used as the ineffable name of God in the Hebrew Bible, variously rendered as Yahweh or Jehovah.


lexentry: eng/Tetris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tetris
trans_list: Tetris
sense:
A puzzle video game in which falling tetrominoes must be manipulated to form complete lines, which are then cleared from the grid.


lexentry: eng/Teutonic_Knights__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Teutonic Knights
trans_list: Zakon Krzyżacki
sense:
A German religious order founded in the late 12th century and known for conquering the Baltic Prussians and bringing Prussia under German control; the order exists today as a charitable organisation.


lexentry: eng/Thailand__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thailand
trans_list: Tajlandia
sense:
A country in Southeast Asia. Official name: Kingdom of Thailand. Capital: Bangkok. Former name: Siam.


lexentry: eng/Thames__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thames
trans_list: Tamiza
sense:
(with the) A river in southern England, flowing 336 km (209 mi.) from Gloucestershire, through Wiltshire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey and Greater London to the Thames Estuary and North Sea.


lexentry: eng/Thames__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Thames
trans_list: Tamiza
sense:
(with the) A river in the U.S. State of Connecticut flowing 24 km (15 mi.) past New London to Long Island Sound.


lexentry: eng/Tharau__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tharau
trans_list: Tarowo
sense:
(historical) A village, located in what was historically East Prussia and is now the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia.


lexentry: eng/Thatcherism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thatcherism
trans_list: taczeryzm | thatcheryzm
sense:
(UK politics) The political ideology attributed to the governments of British prime minister Margaret Thatcher (1979–1990), characterised by, among other things, a free market economy, privatisation, low taxation, austerity and opposition to unionisation.


lexentry: eng/The_Game__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: The Game
trans_list: gra
sense:
A mind game where the objective is to avoid thinking about "The Game", and by thinking about it one loses, and subsequently has to announce one's loss to the world in order to make them lose.


lexentry: eng/Thebes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thebes
trans_list: Teby
sense:
A city in central Greece, the capital city of Boeotia and an important political centre in antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Thebes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Thebes
trans_list: Teby
sense:
An ancient city and archaeological site in Upper Egypt, having functioned as capital city at times during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom.


lexentry: eng/Themis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Themis
trans_list: Temida
sense:
(Greek god) A Titan, the embodiment of divine order, law and custom. She was the daughter of Gaia and Uranus.


lexentry: eng/Theophany__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Theophany
trans_list: teofania
sense:
One of the Great Feasts of the Eastern Orthodox Church, commemorating the revelation of Jesus' divinity, especially in his baptism by John the Baptist.


lexentry: eng/Theotokos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Theotokos
trans_list: Bogarodzica | Bogurodzica
sense:
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Orthodoxy) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her role giving birth to God.


lexentry: eng/Thermidor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thermidor
trans_list: thermidor
sense:
(historical) The eleventh month of the French Republican Calendar, from July 19 or 20 to August 17 or 18.


lexentry: eng/Thermopylae__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thermopylae
trans_list: Termopile
sense:
A narrow pass on the east-central coast of Greece adjacent to the Maliakos Gulf, northwest of Athens. Its name is derived from its hot sulphur springs. It was the site of the Battle of Thermopylae, at which the Spartan King Leonidas stood off, for a time, the Persian armies of Xerxes.


lexentry: eng/Thessalonians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thessalonians
trans_list: List do Tesaloniczan
sense:
(biblical) Books in the New Testament of the Bible (1 Thessalonians and 2 Thessalonians), epistles to the Christians in ancient Thessaloniki.


lexentry: eng/Thessaly__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thessaly
trans_list: Tesalia
sense:
A region in north-central Greece; one of its 13 peripheries. It contains the prefectures of Karditsa, Larissa, Magnesia and Trikala.


lexentry: eng/Third_World__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Third World
trans_list: trzeci świat | Trzeci Świat
sense:
(attributive, pejorative, informal) Any developing country, or a country lacking the perceived internationally respected ideal standards of a society (e.g. sufficient rule of law and internationally respected level of prosperity).


lexentry: eng/Thor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thor
trans_list: Thor
sense:
(Norse mythology) A hammer-wielding god associated with thunder, lightning, storms, sacred groves and trees, strength, and the protection of mankind.


lexentry: eng/Thoth__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thoth
trans_list: Thot | Tot
sense:
(Egyptian god) The ancient Egyptian moon god of wisdom, learning, and magic, usually depicted as an ibis or baboon.


lexentry: eng/Thrace__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thrace
trans_list: Tracja
sense:
A historical and geographic area in southeast Europe, now divided between Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Thucydides__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thucydides
trans_list: Tukidydes
sense:
(c. 460 BCE – c. 395 BCE) A great ancient Greek historian and author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the 5th century BCE war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BCE.


lexentry: eng/Thursday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Thursday
trans_list: czwartek
sense:
The fifth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fourth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Wednesday and precedes Friday.


lexentry: eng/Tiberius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tiberius
trans_list: Tyberiusz
sense:
(historical) A en given name of mostly historical use, in particular, the praenomen of the second Roman emperor Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus, reigning 14-37 C.E..


lexentry: eng/Tibet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tibet
trans_list: Tybet
sense:
The Tibetan Plateau, a plateau region in Central Asia, where the Tibetan people traditionally live, encompassing what is now Tibet Autonomous Region (also called Xizang), most of Qinghai, the western half of Sichuan, a small part of Yunnan and a small part of Gansu in the People's Republic of China, and also the country of Bhutan, and the Indian regions of Sikkim and Ladakh.


lexentry: eng/Tibetan_Buddhism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tibetan Buddhism
trans_list: lamaizm
sense:
The body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet, Mongolia, Tuva, Bhutan, Kalmykia, Buryatia and certain regions of the Himalayas, including northern Nepal, and India.


lexentry: eng/Tibetan_Mastiff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tibetan Mastiff
trans_list: mastyf tybetański
sense:
A large dog of a breed from Central Asia, having a medium to long double coat in a wide variety of colors, sometimes with white markings around neck, chest, and legs.


lexentry: eng/Tibetan_fox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tibetan fox
trans_list: lis tybetański
sense:
Vulpes ferrilata, a species of true fox endemic to the high Tibetan Plateau in Nepal, China, and India


lexentry: eng/Tigris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tigris
trans_list: Tygrys
sense:
A river in Southwest Asia flowing 1,150 miles east-southeast from the Armenian Highland in Turkey through Iraq. It forms the eastern edge of classical Mesopotamia. It unites with the Euphrates River to form the Shatt al-Arab before flowing into the Persian Gulf.


lexentry: eng/Tirana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tirana
trans_list: Tirana
sense:
A municipality, the capital and largest city of Albania, located in the center of the country west of the mountain of Dajti on the plain of Tirana; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality.


lexentry: eng/Tishrei__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tishrei
trans_list: tiszri
sense:
(Judaism) The first month of the civil year and the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Elul and before Cheshvan.


lexentry: eng/Tisiphone__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tisiphone
trans_list: Tyzyfone
sense:
(Greek god, Roman god) One of the Erinyes/Dirae (Furies, the goddesses of vengeance), and a companion of Nemesis/Invidia.


lexentry: eng/Titan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Titan
trans_list: tytan
sense:
(Greek god) Any of the race of giant gods in Greek mythology that preceded and was overthrown by the Olympian gods.


lexentry: eng/Titoism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Titoism
trans_list: titoizm
sense:
The political ideas or policies associated with Josip Broz Tito; in particular, an adaptation of Marxist-Leninist ideology, characterized by experiments with workers’ self-management instead of central planning and a foreign policy of independence from both the Soviet and Western blocs.


lexentry: eng/Tobias__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tobias
trans_list: Tobiasz
sense:
The main character in the Book of Tobit, regarded as apocryphal by most Protestants (Biblical character).


lexentry: eng/Tobit__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tobit
trans_list: Księga Tobiasza | Księga Tobita
sense:
(biblical character) A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.


lexentry: eng/Tom_Thumb__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tom Thumb
trans_list: Paluszek | Tomcio Paluch
sense:
A fairy-tale character who is the size of a person's thumb; the protagonist and hero of the fairy tale The History of Tom Thumb.


lexentry: eng/Tonga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tonga
trans_list: Tonga
sense:
A country and archipelago in Polynesia in Oceania. Official name: Kingdom of Tonga. Capital and largest city: Nuku'alofa.


lexentry: eng/Torah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Torah
trans_list: Tora
sense:
The first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures, attributed to Moses and therefore also known as the Five Books of Moses.


lexentry: eng/Torbay_sole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Torbay sole
trans_list: szkarłacica
sense:
An Atlantic flatfish, Glyptocephalus cynoglossus; witch; formerly classified as Pleuronectes cynoglossus.


lexentry: eng/Tory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tory
trans_list: Torys
sense:
(UK politics) A member or supporter of the Conservative Party, which evolved from Royalist politicians; historically associated with upholding the rights of the monarchy and the privileges of the established Church.


lexentry: eng/Tory__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Tory
trans_list: Torys
sense:
(Canadian politics) A member or supporter of the Conservative Party of Canada, one of that party's predecessors, or an affiliated provincial political party.


lexentry: eng/Tower_of_Babel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tower of Babel
trans_list: wieża Babel
sense:
(biblical) A tower erected at Babel by the descendants of Noah's son Ham to reach the sky, and whose completion God thwarted by making the workers speak different languages so that they were unable to understand one another.


lexentry: eng/Tower_of_London__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tower of London
trans_list: Tower | Tower of London
sense:
A riverside fortress in London, used as a palace, a prison and now a museum housing the Crown Jewels.


lexentry: eng/Transdanubia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Transdanubia
trans_list: Kraj Zadunajski
sense:
A traditional region in Hungary, bounded by the Danube river (north and east), the Drava and Mura rivers (south), and the foothills of the Alps roughly along the border between Hungary and Austria (west).


lexentry: eng/Transfiguration__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Transfiguration
trans_list: Przemienienie Pańskie | Transfiguracja
sense:
(Christianity) An annual feast day, observed on August 6th (Gregorian) or 19th (Julian), celebrating the miracle when the face of Jesus "shone like the sun" before the apostles.


lexentry: eng/Transnistria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Transnistria
trans_list: Naddniestrze
sense:
An autonomous territory within Moldova that claims statehood as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, but is not internationally recognized as a sovereign state.


lexentry: eng/Transvaal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Transvaal
trans_list: Transwal
sense:
A geographical region and former province (until 1994) of South Africa between the Vaal and Limpopo rivers.


lexentry: eng/Treasury__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Treasury
trans_list: skarb
sense:
Any specific instance of a government department responsible for the collection, management, and expenditure of public revenue.


lexentry: eng/Triangulum_Australe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Triangulum Australe
trans_list: Trójkąt Południowy
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, which has three bright stars that form a triangle. It lies north of the constellation Apus, between Ara and Circinus.


lexentry: eng/Triangulum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Triangulum
trans_list: Trójkąt
sense:
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky whose brightest three stars form a small triangle. The constellation lies near Perseus, between Aries and Andromeda.


lexentry: eng/Triassic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Triassic
trans_list: triasowy
sense:
Of or from the geologic strata above the Permian and below the Jurassic; of or belonging to the period 250 to 200 million years ago when these strata were laid down.


lexentry: eng/Triassic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Triassic
trans_list: trias | Trias
sense:
(geology) A geologic period within the Mesozoic era, comprising lower, middle and upper epochs from about 250 to 200 million years ago.


lexentry: eng/Tridentine__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Tridentine
trans_list: trydencki
sense:
(Catholicism) Pertaining to the form of Mass promulgated at the Council of Trent, often called the Tridentine Mass.


lexentry: eng/Trinity_Sunday__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trinity Sunday
trans_list: Święto Trójcy Świętej
sense:
The Sunday after Whitsunday/Pentecost in the Western Christian tradition (or the Sunday of Pentecost in the Eastern Christian tradition), observed as a liturgical feast in honor of the Holy Trinity.


lexentry: eng/Trinity__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trinity
trans_list: Trójca Święta | trójca
sense:
(Christianity) In Christian belief, the three persons (personae) of the Godhead: Father, Son and Holy Spirit.


lexentry: eng/Tripoli__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tripoli
trans_list: Trypolis
sense:
The capital city of Libya, originally three separate settlements known as Oea, Sabratha, and Leptis Magna.


lexentry: eng/Trojan_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trojan War
trans_list: wojna trojańska
sense:
(Greek mythology) A mythological decade-long war and siege, ending in the destruction of Troy, which, as described in Homer's Iliad, was waged by a coalition of Achaeans (Greeks) led by King Agamemnon against the Trojans to avenge the abduction of Helen, wife of the Spartan King Menelaus, by Paris, son of the Trojan King Priam.


lexentry: eng/Trojan_horse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trojan horse
trans_list: koń trojański
sense:
(Greek mythology) The hollow wooden horse by which the Greeks allegedly gained access to Ilium/Troy during the Trojan War.


lexentry: eng/Tropic_of_Cancer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tropic of Cancer
trans_list: zwrotnik Raka
sense:
(geography) The parallel of latitude 23°30′north of the equator, marking the northern boundary of the tropics; the sun is directly overhead at the June solstice.


lexentry: eng/Tropic_of_Capricorn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tropic of Capricorn
trans_list: zwrotnik Koziorożca
sense:
(geography) The parallel of latitude 23°30′south of the equator, marking the southern boundary of the tropics; the sun is directly overhead at the December solstice.


lexentry: eng/Trotskyism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trotskyism
trans_list: trockizm
sense:
The left-wing political philosophy named after and based on the ideas of Leon Trotsky that is characterized by international socialism, opposition to Stalinism, the theory of permanent revolution and the theory of the vanguard party.


lexentry: eng/Trotskyite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trotskyite
trans_list: trockista | trockistka
sense:
(derogatory) An advocate of the communist doctrines of Leon Trotsky (born Лев Дави́дович Бронште́йн / Lev Davidovich Bronstein).


lexentry: eng/Trzebiatów__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Trzebiatów
trans_list: Trzebiatów
sense:
A town in the gmina of the same name in Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, established in the ninth century


lexentry: eng/Tskhinvali__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tskhinvali
trans_list: Cchinwali
sense:
The capital city of South Ossetia, a de-facto independent country internationally recognized as part of the country of Georgia.


lexentry: eng/Tucana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tucana
trans_list: Tukan
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a toucan. It lies south of the constellations Phoenix and Grus.


lexentry: eng/Tuesday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tuesday
trans_list: wtorek
sense:
The third day of the week in many religious traditions, and the second day of the week in systems that use the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Monday and precedes Wednesday.


lexentry: eng/Turkestan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkestan
trans_list: Turkiestan
sense:
(historical) The regions of Central Asia lying between Siberia to the north; Tibet (Xizang) and Xinjiang, China, modern-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran to the south; the Gobi Desert to the east; and the Caspian Sea to the west.


lexentry: eng/Turkey__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkey
trans_list: Turcja
sense:
A country located in Thrace in southeastern Europe and Anatolia in southwestern Asia. Official name: Republic of Türkiye. Capital: Ankara


lexentry: eng/Turkification__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkification
trans_list: turkizacja
sense:
Making something more Turkish; assimilation (of a place, people etc) into a Turkic states or culture; introduction of Turks to an institution etc.


lexentry: eng/Turkish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkish
trans_list: turecki
sense:
The official language of Turkey, Republic of Cyprus (alongside Greek) and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.


lexentry: eng/Turkish_coffee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkish coffee
trans_list: kawa po turecku
sense:
Coffee prepared by boiling finely powdered roast coffee beans in a pot, possibly with sugar, and serving it into a cup, where the dregs settle.


lexentry: eng/Turkologist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turkologist
trans_list: turkolog
sense:
A scholar specializing in the languages, history or cultures of Turkic peoples, including for example Turkish, Kazakh, Uzbek, Azerbaijani, Kyrgyz, Uyghur, Tuvan, Altai, Shor, and Karakalpak.


lexentry: eng/Turner_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Turner syndrome
trans_list: zespół Turnera
sense:
(medicine, medical genetics) A particular genetic condition, caused by partially or completely missing an X chromosome (monosomy), that leads to sterility and other issues.


lexentry: eng/Tutankhamun__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tutankhamun
trans_list: Tutanchamon
sense:
Ancient Egyptian pharaoh known for his young age and his tomb, which was preserved intact to the modern age.


lexentry: eng/Tweedle-dee__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tweedle-dee
trans_list: Dyludyludi
sense:
A fictional little fat man who is the twin brother of Tweedle-dum and appears in multiple artistic works, including certain nursery rhymes and Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass.


lexentry: eng/Tweedle-dum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tweedle-dum
trans_list: Dyludyludam
sense:
A fictional little fat man who is the twin brother of Tweedle-dee and appears in multiple artistic works, including certain nursery rhymes and Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass.


lexentry: eng/Twitter__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Twitter
trans_list: Twitter
sense:
(trademark) An online social networking service that enables users to send and read short messages (280 characters; originally 140); officially known as X since 2023.


lexentry: eng/Typhon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Typhon
trans_list: Tyfon
sense:
(Greek mythology) The most powerful and feared of all Greek monsters, having the head, arms, and torso of a man, and his bottom half consisting of countless dragons or serpents. Some stories also say that his hands ended in serpents and that he bears 100 heads. He is shrouded in giant wings, his eyes blaze a white fire, and his arms reach towards the stars.


lexentry: eng/Tyre__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tyre
trans_list: Tyr
sense:
A city in Lebanon, a major port on the Levantine Sea that was a city-state in Phoenicia in antiquity and the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages.


lexentry: eng/Tyrol__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Tyrol
trans_list: Tyrol
sense:
A region in central Europe that includes the Austrian state of the same name and the Italian regions of South Tyrol and Trentino.


lexentry: eng/Tyrrhenian_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tyrrhenian Sea
trans_list: Morze Tyrreńskie
sense:
A part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy, bounded by Corsica and Sardinia (west), Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, and Calabria (east), and Sicily (south).


lexentry: eng/Tyrtaeus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tyrtaeus
trans_list: Tyrtajos | Tyrteusz
sense:
An Ancient Greek name, particularly borne by a Greek elegiac poet who lived at Sparta about the middle of the 7th century BC.


lexentry: eng/Tübingen__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Tübingen
trans_list: Tybinga
sense:
A town and rural district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, on the Neckar, with a famous university; once capital of Würtemberg-Hohenzollern


lexentry: eng/U-boat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: U-boat
trans_list: U-Boot
sense:
(military, nautical, historical) Any German submarine of the First or Second World War, or any Austro-Hungarian submarine of the First World War.


lexentry: eng/UAV__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: UAV
trans_list: bezpilotowiec | bezzałogowiec | bezzałogowy statek powietrzny | dron
sense:
(aviation) Initialism of unmanned aerial vehicle; an unpiloted aircraft capable of controlled, sustained, level flight.


lexentry: eng/UNICEF__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: UNICEF
trans_list: UNICEF
sense:
An agency of the United Nations responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide.


lexentry: eng/Udi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Udi
trans_list: udyjski
sense:
A Lezgic language (Northeast Caucasian) spoken by the Udi people who live mostly in Azerbaijan and nearby regions. Probably descended from Caucasian Albanian.


lexentry: eng/Ugarit__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ugarit
trans_list: Ugarit
sense:
An ancient port city in northern Syria, discovered by accident in 1928 together with the Ugaritic texts.


lexentry: eng/Ugaritic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ugaritic
trans_list: ugarycki
sense:
The Northwest Semitic language of the ancient city of Ugarit in Syria. Extinct since 1100 B.C.E., it was written in cuneiform.


lexentry: eng/Ukraine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ukraine
trans_list: Ukraina
sense:
A country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea. Capital and largest city: Kyiv.


lexentry: eng/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
trans_list: Ukraińska Socjalistyczna Republika Radziecka
sense:
(historical) The Bolshevik state of Ukraine (1919–91), a constituent republic of the Soviet Union (1922–91).


lexentry: eng/Ukrainian_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ukrainian studies
trans_list: ukrainistyka
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of Ukrainian linguistics, sociolinguistics, language and literature, along with Ukrainian history and culture.


lexentry: eng/Ulster__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ulster
trans_list: Ulster
sense:
(geographical) The northern province of Ireland, made up of all six Northern Irish counties and three counties in the Republic of Ireland.


lexentry: eng/Ulyanovsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ulyanovsk
trans_list: Uljanowsk
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia, on the Volga river. Birthplace of Vladimir Lenin (born Ulyanov).


lexentry: eng/Uncle_Sam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Uncle Sam
trans_list: Wuj Sam
sense:
(colloquial, originally, US) A personification of the United States federal government or (rare) citizens. [from early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Unicode__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Unicode
trans_list: Unicode
sense:
(international standards, computing) A series of character encoding standards intended to support the characters used by a large number of the world’s languages.


lexentry: eng/Unitarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Unitarian
trans_list: unitarianin-uniwersalista
sense:
A follower of Unitarian Universalism or a similar non-credal religion that originated historically from Christian Unitarianism.


lexentry: eng/Unitarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Unitarian
trans_list: unitarianin-uniwersalista
sense:
A member of a political movement advocating a unitary state rather than a federal one, especially the Unitarios of nineteenth century Argentina (known as the Unitarian Party in English).


lexentry: eng/United_Kingdom__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Kingdom
trans_list: Zjednoczone Królestwo | Wielka Brytania
sense:
A kingdom and sovereign state in Western Europe comprising the four countries of England, Scotland and Wales on the island of Great Britain, and Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland since 1922.


lexentry: eng/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
trans_list: Zjednoczone Królestwo Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii
sense:
The official name of the United Kingdom 1801-1927 (before being renamed by the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 following the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922).


lexentry: eng/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Nations Economic and Social Council
trans_list: Rada Gospodarcza i Społeczna ONZ
sense:
One of the six principal organs of the United Nations, dedicated to coordinate global economical and social affairs.


lexentry: eng/United_Nations_General_Assembly__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Nations General Assembly
trans_list: ZO ONZ | Zgromadzenie Ogólne Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych
sense:
One of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation.


lexentry: eng/United_Nations__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United Nations
trans_list: Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych
sense:
(in the singular) An international coalition, founded in 1945 and headquartered in New York City, that aims to promote global co-operation and maintain international order.


lexentry: eng/United_States_Virgin_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United States Virgin Islands
trans_list: Wyspy Dziewicze Stanów Zjednoczonych
sense:
An archipelago and dependent territory of the United States, part of the Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea. Official name: Virgin Islands of the United States.


lexentry: eng/United_States_of_America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: United States of America
trans_list: Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki | Ameryka
sense:
A country in North America, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and including Alaska, Hawaii, and several territories.


lexentry: eng/Unix__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Unix
trans_list: Unix
sense:
(computing, informal) Any of the above plus Unix-like operating systems similar to Unix but not qualifying for use of the UNIX trademark.


lexentry: eng/Upper_Egypt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Upper Egypt
trans_list: Górny Egipt
sense:
(Egyptology) The part of Ancient Egypt south of Memphis, so named because the Nile flows south to north.


lexentry: eng/Upper_Silesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Upper Silesia
trans_list: Górny Śląsk
sense:
The south-eastern part of Silesia, today mostly within Polish borders with a small strip located in the Czech Republic.


lexentry: eng/Ural_Mountains__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ural Mountains
trans_list: Ural
sense:
a range of mountains in Russia that stretch from the Arctic to the Caspian Sea; traditionally, the border between Europe and Asia


lexentry: eng/Uralic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Uralic
trans_list: uralski
sense:
Pertaining to the Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic peoples, whose urheimat was the Ural Mountains, or to their languages, which constitute a language family, the Uralic languages.


lexentry: eng/Uranus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Uranus
trans_list: Uranos | Uran
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek god who personified the sky and heavens and fathered the Titans. Roman counterpart: Caelus.


lexentry: eng/Urdu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Urdu
trans_list: urdu
sense:
Modern Standard Urdu, an Indo-Aryan language with native speakers mainly in Pakistan and North India. It is a standardized and Persianized version of Hindustani.


lexentry: eng/Urim_and_Thummim__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Urim and Thummim
trans_list: Urim i Tumim
sense:
Certain sacred objects (whose precise form and nature is unknown) that were worn on the breastplate of the Jewish high priest, as described in the Bible, and used in divination or casting lots. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Ursa_Major__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ursa Major
trans_list: Wielka Niedźwiedzica
sense:
(constellation) A large circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a bear. It includes the familiar asterism the Big Dipper and the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid.


lexentry: eng/Ursa_Minor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ursa Minor
trans_list: Mała Niedźwiedzica
sense:
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a bear. It includes the familiar asterism of the Little Dipper and, as part of it, the northern pole star Polaris, as well as Kochab.


lexentry: eng/Uruguay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Uruguay
trans_list: Urugwaj
sense:
A country in South America. Official name: Oriental Republic of Uruguay. Capital and largest city: Montevideo.


lexentry: eng/Uzhhorod__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Uzhhorod
trans_list: Użhorod | Użgorod
sense:
A city in the Carpathian Mountains, the administrative centre of Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Valence__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Valence
trans_list: Walencja
sense:
A city and commune, the capital of the Drôme department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, in southeastern France.


lexentry: eng/Valhalla__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Valhalla
trans_list: Walhalla
sense:
(Norse mythology) The home of half of all warriors who died gloriously in battle as well as many of the Æsir.


lexentry: eng/Valle_d'Aosta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Valle d'Aosta
trans_list: Dolina Aosty
sense:
An autonomous region of northwestern Italy, with a significant fraction of the population speaking Franco-Provençal. Capital and largest city: Aosta.


lexentry: eng/Valley_of_the_Kings__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Valley of the Kings
trans_list: Dolina Królów
sense:
(Egyptology) A valley in Egypt, on the west bank of the Nile, known for the tombs constructed there for the pharaohs.


lexentry: eng/Van_Diemen's_Land__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Van Diemen's Land
trans_list: Ziemia van Diemena
sense:
The former name (until 1856) of the then-British colony and current state of Australia now known as Tasmania.


lexentry: eng/Vandalic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vandalic
trans_list: wandalski
sense:
The extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Vandals, probably closely related to the Gothic language.


lexentry: eng/Vanir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vanir
trans_list: nawykły
sense:
The principal deities, as a group, of the Norse pantheon that represent chaos, fertility, and cultivation; opponents of the Æsir.


lexentry: eng/Vanuatu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vanuatu
trans_list: Vanuatu
sense:
A country and archipelago in Melanesia in Oceania. Official name: Republic of Vanuatu. Capital and largest city: Port Vila.


lexentry: eng/Varangian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Varangian
trans_list: odurzenie
sense:
(historical) A member of the ethnically Scandinavian people around the borders of Constantinople in the ninth and tenth centuries.


lexentry: eng/Vatican_City__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vatican City
trans_list: Watykan
sense:
A city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. Official name: Vatican City State.


lexentry: eng/Veda__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Veda
trans_list: Weda
sense:
(Hinduism) Any of a large body of texts originating in Ancient India. They form the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism.


lexentry: eng/Vela__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vela
trans_list: Żagiel
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the sails of a ship. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.


lexentry: eng/Velcro__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Velcro
trans_list: rzep
sense:
A fastener consisting of two strips of fabric, one covered with minute fiber hooks and the other with tiny fiber loops, which stick strongly together but can be pulled apart.


lexentry: eng/Veles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Veles
trans_list: Weles | Wołos
sense:
(Slavic god) The pagan Slavic god of the fertile earth, livestock, waters, and the underworld, often portrayed as a chimera.


lexentry: eng/Vendémiaire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vendémiaire
trans_list: vendémiaire
sense:
(historical) The first month of the French Republican Calendar, starting on the date of the autumnal equinox (September 22, 23 or 24) and ending on October 21, 22 or 23.


lexentry: eng/Venetian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Venetian
trans_list: wenecki
sense:
(historical, uncommon) Synonym of Venetic, of or related to the Veneti, either of two unrelated tribes of ancient Europe.


lexentry: eng/Venetian_blind__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venetian blind
trans_list: żaluzja
sense:
A blind consisting of overlapping horizontal, flat slats, usually made of metal, vinyl or wood, that can be tilted so as to let in more or less light.


lexentry: eng/Venetic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venetic
trans_list: język wenetyjski
sense:
(historical, _, linguistics) An extinct Indo-European language once spoken by the Veneti people who lived between the Po River delta in northeastern Italy and the southern Alps in Slovenia in antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Venezuela__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venezuela
trans_list: Wenezuela
sense:
A country in South America. Official name: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Capital and largest city: Caracas.


lexentry: eng/Venice__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venice
trans_list: Wenecja
sense:
the port city in Veneto, on the Adriatic, in northeastern Italy, former capital of an independent republic.


lexentry: eng/Ventôse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ventôse
trans_list: ventôse
sense:
(historical) The sixth month of the French Republican Calendar, from February 19, 20 or 21 to March 20 or 21.


lexentry: eng/Venus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venus
trans_list: Wenus
sense:
(astronomy) The second planet in the Solar system, named for the goddess; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♀.


lexentry: eng/Venus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Venus
trans_list: Wenus
sense:
(Roman god) The goddess of love, beauty, fertility, and sexuality; the Roman counterpart of Aphrodite.


lexentry: eng/Venus_flytrap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Venus flytrap
trans_list: muchołówka amerykańska
sense:
An insectivorous plant of the savannas of North and South Carolina, Dionaea muscipula; the leaves are hinged and bordered with stiff hairs, and close when an insect alights on them.


lexentry: eng/Vercingetorix__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vercingetorix
trans_list: Wercyngetoryks
sense:
72 BCE–46 BCE, the chieftain of the Arverni, leader of the great Gallic revolt against the Romans in 53–52 BCE.


lexentry: eng/Verona__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Verona
trans_list: Werona
sense:
A city straddling the river Adige in Veneto, northern Italy, and the capital city of the province of the same name.


lexentry: eng/Versailles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Versailles
trans_list: Wersal
sense:
A city, suburb of Paris and capital of Yvelines department, Île-de-France, and the former capital of France.


lexentry: eng/Vesta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vesta
trans_list: Westa
sense:
(Roman god) The virgin goddess of the hearth, fire, and the household, and therefore a deity of domestic life. The Roman counterpart of Hestia.


lexentry: eng/Victoria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Victoria
trans_list: Victoria
sense:
One of six states of Australia, situated in the south-eastern part of the continent. Capital: Melbourne.


lexentry: eng/Victorian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Victorian
trans_list: wiktoriański
sense:
(figuratively) Of or displaying the (supposed) ideals or standards of morality of that period; conservative; also, old-fashioned, out-of-date.


lexentry: eng/Victory_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Victory Day
trans_list: Dzień Zwycięstwa
sense:
Any of various public holidays in various countries to commemorate victories in important battles or wars in the countries' history.


lexentry: eng/Viking__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Viking
trans_list: wiking
sense:
(historical) Scandinavian/Northern European seafarers, most familiarly raiders and pirates during the Viking age.


lexentry: eng/Virgil__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Virgil
trans_list: Wergiliusz
sense:
Pūblius Vergilius Marō (70–19 BCE), Roman epic writer from the Augustan period, best known for writing the Aeneid.


lexentry: eng/Virgin_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Virgin Islands
trans_list: wyspy Dziewicze
sense:
An archipelago in the Caribbean Sea, comprising the British Virgin Islands and the United States Virgin Islands.


lexentry: eng/Virginia_stock__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Virginia stock
trans_list: majonez
sense:
A fragrant flower related to the stock, native to Greece and Albania, but widely grown in gardens elsewhere, Malcolmia maritima.


lexentry: eng/Virgo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Virgo
trans_list: Panna
sense:
(zodiac constellations) : A constellation in the zodiac, imagined in the shape of a maiden, that contains the bright binary star Spica.


lexentry: eng/Virgo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Virgo
trans_list: Panna
sense:
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the virgin, ruled by Mercury, that covers August 23 – September 23 (tropical astrology) or September 16 – October 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Vishnu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vishnu
trans_list: Wisznu
sense:
(Hinduism) One of the Trimurti (trinity) in Hindu mythology, and the most venerated god in Hinduism.


lexentry: eng/Visigoth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Visigoth
trans_list: Wizygot | Wizygotka
sense:
Any member of an ancient East Germanic tribe, one branch of the Goths (the Ostrogoths being the other), which participated in several wars with Rome and established a kingdom with Toulouse for its capital.


lexentry: eng/Vladivostok__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vladivostok
trans_list: Władywostok
sense:
A city and seaport in the Russian Far East, on the Sea of Japan, near North Korea; the administrative centre of Primorsky Krai.


lexentry: eng/Volans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Volans
trans_list: Ryba Latająca
sense:
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a flying fish.


lexentry: eng/Volga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Volga
trans_list: Wołga
sense:
A river in Russia, the longest river in Europe, flowing 2,325 miles through western Russia to the Caspian Sea.


lexentry: eng/Volnovakha__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Volnovakha
trans_list: Wołnowacha
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of Volnovakha, Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Donbass, in southeastern Ukraine, seat of the eponymous municipality and district


lexentry: eng/Vuhledar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vuhledar
trans_list: Wuhłedar
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of the urban hromada of the same name, Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1964 around the Pivdennodonbaska 1 coal mine.


lexentry: eng/Vulcan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vulcan
trans_list: Wulkan
sense:
(Roman god) The god of volcanoes and fire, especially the forge, also the patron of all craftsmen, especially blacksmiths. The Roman counterpart of Hephaestus.


lexentry: eng/Vulcan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Vulcan
trans_list: Wulkan
sense:
(astronomy, historical) A hypothetical planet proposed in the 19th century to exist in an orbit between Mercury and the Sun. Coined by Jacques Bobinet


lexentry: eng/Vulcan_salute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vulcan salute
trans_list: salut wolkański
sense:
A gesture of greeting among Star Trek fans, consisting of a raised hand with the palm forward and the thumb extended, and the fingers parted between the middle finger and ring finger.


lexentry: eng/Vulgar_Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vulgar Latin
trans_list: łacina ludowa
sense:
(linguistics, historical) The Latin language as spoken by the Roman people, as opposed to Classical Latin as written in formal literature. Developed into Proto-Romance and descendant languages in the Early Middle Ages.


lexentry: eng/Vyborg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Vyborg
trans_list: Wyborg
sense:
A city in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. In earlier times was part of Finland and Sweden, pop. 79,224 (as of 2002).


lexentry: eng/Võro__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Võro
trans_list: język võro
sense:
A language belonging to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages. It is sometimes considered a dialect of Estonian.


lexentry: eng/Wadden_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wadden Sea
trans_list: Morze Wattowe
sense:
A shallow and narrow sea peripheral to the North Sea, situated between the Frisian Islands and the mainland coasts of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands.


lexentry: eng/Wallis_and_Futuna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wallis and Futuna
trans_list: Wallis i Futuna
sense:
An archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania. Official name: Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands.


lexentry: eng/Wallonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wallonia
trans_list: Walonia
sense:
Federal Region of southern Belgium where French and German are the official languages, and where Lorrain, Luxembourgish, Picard, Franconian and Walloon languages are also spoken.


lexentry: eng/Walloon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Walloon
trans_list: Walonka | Walończyk
sense:
An inhabitant of Wallonia, of Belgian nationality, nowadays generally French-speaking, but also possibly German-speaking.


lexentry: eng/Walloon__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Walloon
trans_list: Walonka | Walończyk
sense:
An inhabitant of the region of southern Belgium and northern France (around Givet), usually of Belgian nationality.


lexentry: eng/Walpurgis_night__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Walpurgis night
trans_list: Noc Walpurgi
sense:
Walpurgisnacht ("Walpurga's night"), a feast of witchcraft in German folklore, observed on 30 April.


lexentry: eng/Wandering_Jew__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wandering Jew
trans_list: Żyd Wieczny Tułacz
sense:
A Jewish shoemaker who, in Christian tradition, taunted Jesus Christ on the way to his (Jesus') crucifixion and for that was condemned to wander the Earth until Jesus' return (ie. the second coming).


lexentry: eng/Waray-Waray__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Waray-Waray
trans_list: warajski
sense:
(linguistics) A central Philippine Visayan language from the islands of Samar, Biliran, and northeast Leyte.


lexentry: eng/Warsaw_Pact__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Warsaw Pact
trans_list: Układ Warszawski
sense:
(historical) A pact (long-term alliance treaty) signed on May 14, 1955 in Warsaw by the Soviet Union and its Communist military allies in Europe.


lexentry: eng/Warsaw_Uprising__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Warsaw Uprising
trans_list: powstanie warszawskie
sense:
(historical) a major World War II operation, in the summer of 1944, by the Polish underground resistance, led by the Home Army, to liberate Warsaw from German occupation.


lexentry: eng/Washington,_D.C.__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Washington, D.C.
trans_list: Waszyngton
sense:
The capital city of the United States, formally known as the District of Columbia. Abbreviated as D.C. or DC.


lexentry: eng/Washington__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Washington
trans_list: Waszyngton
sense:
Washington state (a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States; capital: Olympia; largest city: Seattle)


lexentry: eng/Watergate__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Watergate
trans_list: Watergate
sense:
An American political scandal (beginning with a burglary in the Watergate Hotel in Washington, DC, in 1972) that eventually led to the resignation of US President Richard Nixon.


lexentry: eng/Way_of_St._James__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Way of St. James
trans_list: Szlak św. Jakuba
sense:
Any of the pilgrimage routes to the shrine of the apostle St. James the Great, in Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.


lexentry: eng/Way_of_the_Cross__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Way of the Cross
trans_list: droga krzyżowa
sense:
A series of pictures or statues depicting the Stations of the Cross, as laid out around a church, along a road etc.


lexentry: eng/Wednesday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wednesday
trans_list: środa
sense:
The fourth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the third day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Tuesday and precedes Thursday.


lexentry: eng/Weimar_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Weimar Republic
trans_list: Republika Weimarska
sense:
(history) The democratic regime of Germany from 1919 to the assumption of power by Adolf Hitler in 1933.


lexentry: eng/Wellington__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wellington
trans_list: Wellington
sense:
(card games) In the game of nap, a bid that results in the bidder winning quadruple, or losing double, the amount staked.


lexentry: eng/Wellington_boots__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wellington boots
trans_list: gumiaki | gumowce | kalosze
sense:
(British) Waterproof rubber boots, intended to be worn in wet or muddy conditions. Short forms: wellies (singular welly or wellie)


lexentry: eng/Weltschmerz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Weltschmerz
trans_list: Weltschmerz | weltszmerc
sense:
An apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort with the human condition or state of the world; mal du siècle, world-weariness.


lexentry: eng/Weser__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Weser
trans_list: Wezera
sense:
A river in northwestern Germany, the longest entirely in the country, flowing north from south Lower Saxony into the North Sea.


lexentry: eng/Wessex__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wessex
trans_list: Wessex
sense:
(historical) One of the seven major Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, existing between the 6th and 9th centuries, and comprising most of England south of the Thames.


lexentry: eng/West_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Asia
trans_list: Azja Zachodnia
sense:
The westernmost region of Asia, which includes Anatolia, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, the Levant, Mesopotamia, the Sinai Peninsula, and Transcaucasia.


lexentry: eng/West_Bank__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Bank
trans_list: Zachodni Brzeg | Zachodni Brzeg Jordanu | Cisjordania
sense:
A Palestinian territory on the west bank of the Jordan river, claimed by and under the partial administration of State of Palestine, and illegally occupied by Israel.


lexentry: eng/West_Flanders__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: West Flanders
trans_list: Flandria Zachodnia
sense:
The larger western part of the historic countship of Flanders, also comprising part of French Flanders (in northern France) and retaining a distinctive type of dialects


lexentry: eng/West_Flemish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Flemish
trans_list: zachodnioflamandzki
sense:
A group of Flemish dialects of the Dutch language in the western part of the historic countship of Flanders (now in Belgium and France)


lexentry: eng/West_Frisian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Frisian
trans_list: (język) zachodniofryzyjski | zachodniofryzyjski
sense:
A language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands; one of the Frisian languages (or language varieties).


lexentry: eng/West_Germany__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: West Germany
trans_list: Niemcy Zachodnie
sense:
(since 1990) The former areas of the Republic during that time, distinguished from the former East German areas.


lexentry: eng/West_Slavic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West Slavic
trans_list: zachodniosłowiański
sense:
A subgrouping of the Slavic language family spoken mainly in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Lusatia (a small area in Germany).


lexentry: eng/West__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West
trans_list: Dziki Zachód | Okcydent | Zachód
sense:
(US) The Western United States (sometimes excluding the West Coast), particularly (historical) in reference to the 19th century Wild West.


lexentry: eng/West__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: West
trans_list: Okcydent | Zachód
sense:
The western world; i.e. Western Europe, the US and Canada (sometimes includes Latin America), and Australia and New Zealand.


lexentry: eng/Western_Australia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Western Australia
trans_list: Australia Zachodnia
sense:
One of the six states of Australia, occupying the western third of the content, with its capital at Perth.


lexentry: eng/Western_Sahara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Western Sahara
trans_list: Sahara Zachodnia
sense:
A territory and former Spanish colony in North Africa, now mostly occupied by Morocco, which claims ownership over the territory.


lexentry: eng/Western_Wall__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Western Wall
trans_list: Ściana Płaczu | Mur Zachodni
sense:
(Judaism) An ancient wall on the western side of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, remnant of the Jewish Second Temple. It is the holiest site in Judaism.


lexentry: eng/Western__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Western
trans_list: zachód
sense:
Of or pertaining to a certain genre of film, television, literature, and so on, dealing with the American Old West.


lexentry: eng/Westernism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Westernism
trans_list: okcydentaliz | zapadnictwo | zapadniczestwo
sense:
(historical) An 19th-century intellectual ideology which saw Russia's development as dependent upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government.


lexentry: eng/Westernizer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Westernizer
trans_list: okcydentalista
sense:
(historical) A member of a group of 19th-century intellectuals who believed that Russia's development depended upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government.


lexentry: eng/Westminster_Abbey__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Westminster Abbey
trans_list: Opactwo Westminsterskie
sense:
A large Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral, next to the Houses of Parliament in London; the traditional place of coronation and burial of English monarchs.


lexentry: eng/Westphalia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Westphalia
trans_list: Westfalia
sense:
(politics) Westfalen, a subdivision (“Landschaftsverband”) of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.


lexentry: eng/Whig__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Whig
trans_list: wig
sense:
(UK politics, historic) A member of an 18th- and 19th-century political party in Britain that was opposed to the Tories, and eventually became the Liberal Party.


lexentry: eng/Whirling_Dervish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Whirling Dervish
trans_list: Wirujący Derwisze
sense:
A Sufi of an ascetic order, centered in Turkey but widespread internationally, whose ritual religious observances involve mystical poetry of Mevlana (Rumi), music, and a whirling dance.


lexentry: eng/White's_thrush__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: White's thrush
trans_list: drozdoń tajgowy
sense:
A thrush found mainly in eastern Asia and Siberia and rare vagrant to western Europe, of species Zoothera aurea (or formerly, sometimes of subspecies Zoothera dauma aurea).


lexentry: eng/Wi-Fi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wi-Fi
trans_list: bezprzewodowe połączenie internetowe | wi-fi
sense:
(networking, uncountable) Any of several standards for short-range wireless data transmission (IEEE 802.11).


lexentry: eng/Wicca__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wicca
trans_list: wicca
sense:
A neopagan religion that was first popularized by books written in 1949, 1954, and 1959 by Englishman Gerald Gardner, involving the worship of a horned male god and a moon goddess, the observance of eight Sabbats, and the performance of various rituals.


lexentry: eng/WikiProject__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: WikiProject
trans_list: wikiprojekt
sense:
(WMF) A group of editors who work together on improving the coverage of a particular topic on a wiki, especially on Wikipedia.


lexentry: eng/Wikipedian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wikipedian
trans_list: wikipedysta | wikipedystka
sense:
(WMF) A person who contributes to Wikipedia, especially a regular contributor versed in the ways of the website.


lexentry: eng/Wiktionarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wiktionarian
trans_list: wikisłownikarka | wikisłownikarz
sense:
(Wikimedia jargon) A person who contributes to Wiktionary, especially a regular contributor versed in the ways of the site.


lexentry: eng/Wiktionary__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Wiktionary
trans_list: Wikisłownik
sense:
A particular version of this dictionary project, written in a certain language, such as the English-language Wiktionary (often known simply as the English Wiktionary).


lexentry: eng/Wild_West__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wild West
trans_list: Dziki Zachód
sense:
(historical) The western United States during the 19th-century era of settlement, commonly believed to be lawless and unruly.


lexentry: eng/Wiltshire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wiltshire
trans_list: Wiltshire
sense:
An inland county of England bordered by Gloucestershire, Somerset, Dorset, Oxfordshire, Hampshire and Berkshire.


lexentry: eng/Windows__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Windows
trans_list: Windows
sense:
(operating systems, trademark) Microsoft Windows, an operating system with a WIMP graphical user interface that dominates the personal computer market.


lexentry: eng/Winnie_the_Pooh__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Winnie the Pooh
trans_list: Kubuś Puchatek
sense:
A talking bear from an English children's book series carrying the same name, noted for his sweet, simple nature, and his love of honey.


lexentry: eng/Woden__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Woden
trans_list: Wodan
sense:
The Germanic chief god, distributor of talents and god of wisdom and war (corresponding to Odin), especially in his Anglo-Saxon form.


lexentry: eng/Worcestershire_sauce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Worcestershire sauce
trans_list: sos Worcestershire
sense:
An English condiment made with vinegar, onions, garlic, etc.; a thin piquant sauce used as a table sauce, to flavour casseroles etc. and as an ingredient in Bloody Marys.


lexentry: eng/World_Exposition__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World Exposition
trans_list: wystawa światowa
sense:
Any of various large international expositions held since the mid 19th century, often called "Expo".


lexentry: eng/World_Trade_Organization__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World Trade Organization
trans_list: Światowa Organizacja Handlu
sense:
An international organization designed by its founders to supervise and liberalize international trade.


lexentry: eng/World_War_II__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World War II
trans_list: druga wojna światowa | II wojna światowa
sense:
(history) The war from 1939 to 1945 of the Allied forces, including the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, France, and China, against the Axis Powers, including Germany, Italy, and Japan.


lexentry: eng/World_War_I__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World War I
trans_list: I wojna światowa | pierwsza wojna światowa
sense:
(history) The war from 1914 to 1918 between the Entente Powers of the British Empire, Russian Empire, France, Italy, the United States and other allied nations, against the Central Powers represented by the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.


lexentry: eng/World_Wide_Web__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: World Wide Web
trans_list: World Wide Web | ogólnoświatowa sieć
sense:
(Internet) Usually preceded by the: collectively, all of the hypertext documents (web pages) on the Internet stored in different computers around the world that hyperlink to each other and to other kinds of media, and are typically retrieved by the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS).


lexentry: eng/Wrocław__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wrocław
trans_list: Wrocław
sense:
A city, located in Silesia in what is now southwestern Poland. (At different points in history, the city has been part of Bohemia, Prussia, Germany, and Poland.)


lexentry: eng/Wu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Wu
trans_list: u
sense:
(historic) The kingdom ruled by the Ji family from Wuxi and then Suzhou during the Spring and Autumn period of China's Zhou dynasty.


lexentry: eng/Wu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Wu
trans_list: u
sense:
The family of Chinese languages spoken in that region, including Shanghainese and Suzhounese, the second-most spoken family after Mandarin.


lexentry: eng/Wyandot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Wyandot
trans_list: fretka
sense:
A member of a Native American people, formed from the Huron confederacy, that lived in and around Ohio.


lexentry: eng/X-ray__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: X-ray
trans_list: prześwietlać | prześwietlić
sense:
(transitive, informal) To take a radiograph of; to obtain an image of using X-ray radiation, especially for the purpose of medical diagnostic evaluation.


lexentry: eng/XML__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: XML
trans_list: XML
sense:
(computer languages, file format) Initialism of Extensible Markup Language (a flexible text format for creating structured computer documents in machine-readable form.)


lexentry: eng/Xavier__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Xavier
trans_list: Ksawery
sense:
Any of various notable people with this name as given name or surname, especially Saint Francis Xavier, a Spanish Catholic saint and missionary (1506–1552).


lexentry: eng/Xbox__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Xbox
trans_list: Xbox
sense:
(video games, trademark) Any of the home consoles in Microsoft's Xbox product line, especially the original Xbox.


lexentry: eng/Xenophon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Xenophon
trans_list: Ksenofont
sense:
Athenian historian and philosopher born 427 B.C.E. and author of the Anabasis and Memorabilia. He was a pupil of Socrates and became a general during the Persian wars.


lexentry: eng/Xi'an__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Xi'an
trans_list: Xi'an
sense:
The provincial capital of Shaanxi, China; a subprovincial city in central China famed as the former capital of numerous Chinese dynasties, also known as Chang'an among other historical names.


lexentry: eng/Xinjiang__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Xinjiang
trans_list: Sinkiang
sense:
An Uyghur autonomous region in China, located in the sparsely populated northwest. Official name: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Capital: Ürümqi.


lexentry: eng/YHWH__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: YHWH
trans_list: Jahwe
sense:
Known as the "Tetragrammaton", the four Hebrew letters יהוה which are transliterated into the Latin alphabet as YHWH (also IHVH, JHVH, or YHVH). Usually vowels are added to produce the spelling Jehovah, Yehovah or Yahweh (Jahaveh, Jahve, Jahveh, Jahweh, Yahve, Yahveh, Yahwe).


lexentry: eng/YOLO__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: YOLO
trans_list: Raz kozie śmierć! | Raz się żyje!
sense:
(slang) Initialism of you only live once, i.e. expressing the view that one should make the most of the present moment.


lexentry: eng/Y_chromosome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Y chromosome
trans_list: chromosom Y
sense:
(genetics) A mammalian sex chromosome, occurring only in male cells. Cells of females have a pair of X chromosomes while cells of males have an X and a Y.


lexentry: eng/Yagi-Uda_antenna__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yagi-Uda antenna
trans_list: antena Yagi | antena Yagi-Uda
sense:
(radio) A type of directional antenna with one driven element and one or more parasitic elements; a directional radio or TV antenna consisting of two or more dipoles in the same plane with all dipoles parallel to each other.


lexentry: eng/Yahweh__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yahweh
trans_list: Jahwe
sense:
(history of religion) The name of the God of Israel worshipped by the Jahwist prophets in the kingdoms of Israel and Judah in antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Yangtze__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yangtze
trans_list: Jangcy
sense:
The chief river of central China and the third longest river in the world, flowing a total of 6300 km.


lexentry: eng/Yankee__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Yankee
trans_list: Jankes | Jankeska | jankes | jankeska
sense:
(chiefly southern, _, Louisiana) An Anglo, as opposed to someone with French ancestry; a native or inhabitant of the rest of the United States.


lexentry: eng/Yazidi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yazidi
trans_list: jezyd | Jezyd | Jezydka | jezydka
sense:
member of a Kurdish-speaking people of northern Iraq, Armenia and Caucasus, whose religion is Yazidism


lexentry: eng/Yekaterinburg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yekaterinburg
trans_list: Jekaterynburg
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, the fifth-largest in the country by population.


lexentry: eng/Yellow_River__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yellow River
trans_list: Rzeka Żółta
sense:
The chief river of the North China Plain, the second-longest river in China and sixth-longest river system on Earth, historically prone to massive floods which repeatedly drastically changed its course.


lexentry: eng/Yenisei__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yenisei
trans_list: Jenisej
sense:
A river in Russia. The longest river of Siberia. It flows from south down to north into the Arctic Ocean, splitting Siberia in two parts: the Eastern Siberia and the Western Siberia.


lexentry: eng/Yevpatoria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yevpatoria
trans_list: Eupatoria
sense:
A resort city and raion in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine but de facto in Russia. It is located on the Black Sea coast.


lexentry: eng/Yezhovshchina__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yezhovshchina
trans_list: jeżowszczyzna
sense:
(historical) A period of intense political repression and mass purges in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s, particularly from 1937 to 1938.


lexentry: eng/Yggdrasil__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yggdrasil
trans_list: Yggdrasil
sense:
(Norse mythology) An immense ash tree that is central in Norse cosmology, believed to connect the nine worlds.


lexentry: eng/Yiddish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yiddish
trans_list: jidysz
sense:
A West Germanic, or more specifically High German, language that developed from Middle High German dialects, with an admixture of vocabulary from multiple source languages including Hebrew-Aramaic, Romance, Slavic, English, etc., and mostly written in Hebrew characters which is used mainly among Ashkenazic Jews from central and eastern Europe.


lexentry: eng/Yiddishland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yiddishland
trans_list: Jidyszland
sense:
A region where Yiddish is spoken; the areas of Eastern Europe or the Jewish Autonomous Oblast that had significant numbers of Jewish inhabitants.


lexentry: eng/Yom_Kippur__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yom Kippur
trans_list: Dzień Pojednania | Dzień Przebłagania | Jom Kippur | Sądny Dzień
sense:
(Judaism) A particular Jewish holiday, the day of atonement, falling on the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei.


lexentry: eng/Yorkshire_pudding__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yorkshire pudding
trans_list: Yorkshire pudding
sense:
A dish made from batter baked in fat, usually served as an accompaniment to roast beef but sometimes (in a larger form) served with other fillings or as a separate course.


lexentry: eng/Yoruba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yoruba
trans_list: joruba | yoruba
sense:
A sub-Saharan language. It belongs to the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family, and has nearly 40 million speakers in Nigeria, Benin, Togo, and Sierra Leone, as well as communities in Brazil and Cuba.


lexentry: eng/Young_Poland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Young Poland
trans_list: Młoda Polska
sense:
(historical) The modernist period in Polish visual arts, literature, and music which lasted from the end of the 19th century to 1918.


lexentry: eng/Your_Excellency__Pronoun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Your Excellency
trans_list: pan
sense:
(formal) A title of respect used when addressing heads of state other than monarchs, heads of government, governors, ambassadors, certain ecclesiastics, royalty, and others holding equivalent rank.


lexentry: eng/Your_Majesty__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Your Majesty
trans_list: Wasza Wysokość
sense:
(formal) A term of address used in direct address to a monarch of higher rank than a prince, such as a king, queen, emperor, or empress.


lexentry: eng/Yucatán__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yucatán
trans_list: Jukatan | Półwysep Jukatan
sense:
A peninsula in North America incorporating the Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche, and Quintana Roo as well as Belize and northeastern Guatemala.


lexentry: eng/Yugoslavia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yugoslavia
trans_list: Jugosławia
sense:
(historical) A former country on the Balkan Peninsula, made up of the now-independent nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia; it disintegrated in the 1990s.


lexentry: eng/Yule__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yule
trans_list: Jul
sense:
Christmastide, the Christmas season, the Twelve Days of Christmas (between December 25th and January 5th).


lexentry: eng/Yup'ik__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Yup'ik
trans_list: język yupik środkowy
sense:
(linguistics) A subbranch of the Eskimo-Aleut family of languages. This is the only language family known to straddle both North America and Asia. It is centered squarely in Alaska and is thought to have migrated across to Siberia a few hundred years ago.


lexentry: eng/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
trans_list: Jużnosachalińsk
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of Sakhalin Oblast, on Sakhalin Island, in the Far East of Russia.


lexentry: eng/Zaire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zaire
trans_list: Zair
sense:
(historical) A former country (1971–1997) in Central Africa; now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


lexentry: eng/Zambezi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zambezi
trans_list: Zambezi
sense:
A river in Southern Africa, flowing south and west from Zambia through east Angola and Zambia and then east along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe into and through central Mozambique to the Indian Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Zaporizhia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zaporizhia
trans_list: Zaporoże
sense:
An industrial city on the Dnieper River in Zaporizhia, Zaporizhia Raion, Zaporizhia Oblast, in south-central Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Zechariah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Zechariah
trans_list: Zachariasz
sense:
(biblical character) A Hebrew prophet traditionally considered the author of the Book of Zechariah, the eleventh of the Twelve Minor Prophets.


lexentry: eng/Zeelandic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zeelandic
trans_list: dialekt zelandzki
sense:
A regional language similar to Dutch, spoken in the Dutch province of Zeeland and on the South Holland island of Goeree-Overflakkee.


lexentry: eng/Zen__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zen
trans_list: zen
sense:
(religion) A school of Mahayana Buddhism characterized by sudden enlightenment achieved by indirect means and principally associated with China and Japan.


lexentry: eng/Zephyrus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zephyrus
trans_list: Zefir
sense:
(Greek god) The Ancient Greek god of the west wind, spring, fertility, flowers, procreation, rebirth and bees. Supposed to be the gentlest of the winds and the messenger of spring. His parents are Eos/Aurora and Astraeus, and his brothers are Boreas, Notus and Eurus, (the Anemoi), and the Astra Planeta. His wife is Chloris and their son is Karpos. His Roman counterpart is Favonius.


lexentry: eng/Zeppelin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zeppelin
trans_list: sterowiec
sense:
(aviation) A type of large dirigible rigid airship of the early 20th century, built by the German Luftschiffbau Zeppelin and designed to carry passengers or bombs.


lexentry: eng/Zhvanets__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zhvanets
trans_list: Żwaniec
sense:
A village, the administrative centre of the rural hromada of the same name of Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine, first mentioned in 1431


lexentry: eng/Zimbabwe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zimbabwe
trans_list: Zimbabwe
sense:
A country in Southern Africa. Official name: Republic of Zimbabwe. Formerly called Southern Rhodesia or Rhodesia.


lexentry: eng/Zion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zion
trans_list: Syjon
sense:
A landmark hill (or "mount") on which ancient Jerusalem was partly built, a centerpiece to Biblical accounts of old days and future eschatological events.


lexentry: eng/Zionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zionism
trans_list: syjonizm
sense:
(politics) Jewish nationalism, the movement which supported first the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland and now supports the continuation of a Jewish state in Israel.


lexentry: eng/Zoroaster__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zoroaster
trans_list: Zoroaster | Zaratustra | Zaratusztra
sense:
An ancient Iranian prophet after whom the indigenous Iranian ethnic religion, Zoroastrianism, is named, also venerated in Mithraism.


lexentry: eng/Zouave__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Zouave
trans_list: żuaw
sense:
(military, historical) One of a body of soldiers in the French service, originally Kabyle, but now composed of Frenchmen who wear the Kabyle dress.


lexentry: eng/a.m.__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a.m.
trans_list: przed południem
sense:
(used after the hour) In the 12-hour period from midnight to noon (the first half of the day) when using the 12-hour clock.


lexentry: eng/a_bad_penny_always_turns_up__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a bad penny always turns up
trans_list: diabeł nie śpi | licho nie śpi | złe nie śpi
sense:
A person or thing which is unpleasant, dishonorable, or unwanted tends to appear (or reappear), especially at inopportune times.


lexentry: eng/a_bird_in_the_hand_is_worth_two_in_the_bush__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A sure thing is preferable to the mere chance at something more. [15th c.]
written_rep: a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
trans_list:
lepszy wróbel w garści niż gołąb na dachu | lepszy wróbel w ręku niż cietrzew na sęku | lepszy wróbel w ręku niż sokół na sęku


lexentry: eng/a_blessing_and_a_curse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a blessing and a curse
trans_list: miecz obosieczny
sense:
Something that is both a benefit and a burden, or that may seem initially beneficial but also brings unforeseen negative consequences


lexentry: eng/a_cappella__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a cappella
trans_list: a cappella
sense:
(music) In a manner of a choir with no instrumental accompaniment; literally, "in the style of the (Sistine) Chapel (in Rome)", such as a musical Mass done a cappella. [from late 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/a_few__Determiner__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a few
trans_list: kilka | kilku | niewiele | niewielu
sense:
A small number of (a set of countable items); more than one but not very many; especially, more than two but not very many (explained in usage note at several).


lexentry: eng/a_hit_dog_will_holler__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a hit dog will holler
trans_list: uderz w stół, a nożyce się odezwą
sense:
(US) An offended or defensive response to a statement suggests that the statement applies to the person complaining.


lexentry: eng/a_little_bird_told_me__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a little bird told me
trans_list: ptaszki o tym ćwierkają
sense:
(idiomatic, chiefly, humorous) I received the information from a source which I am not prepared to disclose.


lexentry: eng/a_stitch_in_time_saves_nine__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a stitch in time saves nine
trans_list: lepiej zapobiegać niż leczyć
sense:
A little effort expended sooner to fix a small problem prevents it from becoming a larger problem requiring more effort to fix later.


lexentry: eng/a_stopped_clock_is_right_twice_a_day__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a stopped clock is right twice a day
trans_list: trafiło się ślepej kurze ziarno
sense:
A normally unreliable person or instrument can occasionally provide correct information, even if only by accident.


lexentry: eng/a_watched_pot_never_boils__Proverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a watched pot never boils
trans_list: czekającemu czas się dłuży
sense:
A process appears to proceed more slowly if one waits for it rather than engaging in other activities.


lexentry: eng/a_woman_without_a_man_is_like_a_fish_without_a_bicycle__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: a woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle
trans_list: kobieta tak potrzebuje mężczyzny, jak ryba potrzebuje roweru
sense:
(figuratively, humorous, simile) A woman is capable of living a complete and independent life without a man. [from 1970]


lexentry: eng/aardvark__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aardvark
trans_list: mrównik | prosię ziemne
sense:
The nocturnal, insectivorous, burrowing, mammal Orycteropus afer, of the order Tubulidentata, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/aardwolf__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aardwolf
trans_list: protel
sense:
A nocturnal, insectivorous mammal, Proteles cristatus, of southern and eastern Africa, related to and resembling the hyena. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/ab_initio__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ab initio
trans_list: początek
sense:
(legal) From the time when a law, legal right or decree, contract, ownership interest, partnership (etc.) comes into force. [Early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/ab_wheel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ab wheel
trans_list: kółko wałek
sense:
A piece of exercise equipment designed to be gripped in one or both hands and torqued in the course of sagittally abducting the pronated shoulders with the core resisting flexion and extension.


lexentry: eng/aba__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aba
trans_list: abaja
sense:
A loose-fitting sleeveless garment, made from aba or silk, worn by Arabs. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abaca__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abaca
trans_list: banan manilski
sense:
(uncountable) The fiber of this plant, used in rope, fibers, and cloth. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abacist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abacist
trans_list: abacysta
sense:
One who uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/aback__Adverb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: aback
trans_list: bieg wsteczny | z tyłu
sense:
(nautical) Backward against the mast; said of the sails when pressed by the wind from the "wrong" (forward) side, or of a ship when its sails are set that way. [First attested in the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abactor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abactor
trans_list: złodziej bydła
sense:
(legal, archaic) One who steals and drives away cattle or beasts by herds or droves; a cattle rustler.


lexentry: eng/abacus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abacus
trans_list: liczydło | abakus | abak
sense:
(historical, obsolete) A table or tray scattered with sand which was used for calculating or drawing. [attested from c. 1387]


lexentry: eng/abacus__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abacus
trans_list: liczydło | abakus | abak
sense:
A device used for performing arithmetical calculations; (rare) a table on which loose counters are placed, or (more commonly) an instrument with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units, the next tens, etc. [from late 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abacus__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abacus
trans_list: abakus | liczydło
sense:
(architecture) The uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave, in some cases a flat oblong or square slab, in others more decorated. [from mid 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abaft__Preposition__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abaft
trans_list: za
sense:
(nautical) Behind; toward the stern relative to some other object or position; aft of. [First attested around the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abalone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abalone
trans_list: słuchotka | ucho morskie
sense:
(North America, Australia) An edible univalve mollusc of the genus Haliotis, having a shell lined with mother-of-pearl. [from mid-19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abandon
trans_list: porzucić | porzucać
sense:
(transitive) To give up or relinquish control of, to surrender or to give oneself over, or to yield to one's emotions. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abandon
trans_list: opuścić | opuszczać | wyrzec się | wyrzekać się
sense:
(transitive) To desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to; to turn away from; to permit to lapse; to renounce; to discontinue. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abandon
trans_list: wyrzec się | wyrzekać się
sense:
(transitive) To leave behind; to desert, as in a ship, a position, or a person, typically in response to overwhelming odds or impending dangers; to forsake, in spite of a duty or responsibility. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abandon__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abandon
trans_list: wyganiać | wygonić
sense:
(transitive, obsolete) To cast out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abandoned__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abandoned
trans_list: opuszczony
sense:
No longer maintained by its former owners, residents, or caretakers; forsaken, deserted. [Late 15th century]


lexentry: eng/abandonment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abandonment
trans_list: abandon
sense:
The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment. [Late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abandonware__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abandonware
trans_list: abandonware
sense:
(software, chiefly, _, video games) A software product that is no longer updated or maintained, or whose copyright is no longer defended or which is no longer marketed even by the company who made it.


lexentry: eng/abase__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abase
trans_list: korzyć
sense:
(transitive) To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate. [from c. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/abash__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abash
trans_list: speszyć | zawstydzać
sense:
(transitive) To make ashamed; to embarrass; to destroy the self-possession of, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to disconcert; to discomfit. [First attested from around (1150 to 1350).]


lexentry: eng/abatacept__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abatacept
trans_list: abatacept
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A fusion protein composed of an immunoglobulin fused to the extracellular domain of CTLA-4, a molecule capable of binding B7, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.


lexentry: eng/abate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abate
trans_list: dedukować
sense:
Chiefly followed by from, of, etc.: to omit or remove (a part from a whole); to deduct, to subtract. [15th–19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abate__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abate
trans_list: eliminować
sense:
(chiefly, historical) Of a writ or other legal document: to become null and void; to cease to have effect. [from late 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/abatement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abatement
trans_list: redukcja
sense:
The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; a moderation; removal or putting an end to; the suppression. [First attested from 1340 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abatement__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abatement
trans_list: redukcja
sense:
An amount abated; that which is taken away by way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount allowed; in particular from a tax. [Late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abatement__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: abatement
trans_list: poniżenie
sense:
(heraldry) A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon; any figure added to the coat of arms tending to lower the dignity or station of the bearer. [Early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abatis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abatis
trans_list: zasiek
sense:
A means of defense formed by felled trees, or sometimes by bent trees, the ends of whose branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy, and more recently fortified with barbed wire. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abax__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abax
trans_list: liczydło
sense:
An ancient counting board containing grooves in which counters were placed; a forerunner of the abacus.


lexentry: eng/abaxial__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abaxial
trans_list: odosiowy
sense:
(botany, zoology) Of a side that is facing away from the axis or central line, such as the underside of a leaf; or the back of an animal. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abbacy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abbacy
trans_list: opactwo
sense:
The dignity, estate, term, or jurisdiction of an abbot or abbess. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abbess__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abbess
trans_list: opatka | przeorysza | ksieni
sense:
A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. [First attested around 1150 to 1350]


lexentry: eng/abbey__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abbey
trans_list: opactwo
sense:
A monastery or society of people, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy, which is headed by an abbot or abbess; also, the monastic building or buildings. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abbreviate__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abbreviate
trans_list: skracać | skrócić
sense:
(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abbreviation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abbreviation
trans_list: skrót | skrócenie | skrótowiec
sense:
(linguistics) A shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase used to represent the whole, using omission of letters, and sometimes substitution of letters, or duplication of initial letters to signify plurality, including signs such as +, =, @. [Late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abbreviation__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abbreviation
trans_list: abrewiatura
sense:
(music) One or more dashes through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, demisemiquavers, or hemidemisemiquavers.


lexentry: eng/abbreviature__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abbreviature
trans_list: skrót
sense:
A shortened form of a word or phrase, used in place of the whole; an abbreviation. [since the mid 17th century]


lexentry: eng/abciximab__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abciximab
trans_list: abciksimab
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A powerful anticlotting drug (trademark ReoPro) that inhibits platelet aggregation by binding to a glycoprotein receptor on human platelets and that consists of the Fab fragment from a chimeric monoclonal antibody prepared from humans and mice.


lexentry: eng/abdicate__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abdicate
trans_list: abdykować
sense:
(transitive) To surrender, renounce or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; to fail to fulfill responsibility for. [from mid 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdicate__Verb__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: abdicate
trans_list: abdykować
sense:
(intransitive) To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity; to renounce sovereignty. [First attested in the early 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdication__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abdication
trans_list: abdykacja
sense:
The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abdomen__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abdomen
trans_list: abdomen | odwłok
sense:
(zoology, entomology) The posterior section of the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other Arthropoda. [from late 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abdominal_cavity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abdominal cavity
trans_list: jama brzuszna
sense:
(anatomy) The hollow portion of the torso within the abdomen, containing the abdominal organs, in mammals below the diaphragm.


lexentry: eng/abdominoplasty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abdominoplasty
trans_list: abdominoplastyka
sense:
(surgery, uncountable) The surgical removal of excess flesh from the abdomen, usually for cosmetic reasons.


lexentry: eng/abduct__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abduct
trans_list: uprowadzać | uprowadzić
sense:
(transitive) To take away by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually with violence or deception; to kidnap. [Early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abduction__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abduction
trans_list: abdukcja
sense:
(anatomy) The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; the movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body. [from mid-17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abduction__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abduction
trans_list: abdukcja
sense:
(logic) A syllogism or form of argument in which the major premise is evident, but the minor is only probable. [from late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abductor__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abductor
trans_list: abduktor | mięsień odwodziciel | mięsień odwodzący | odwodziciel
sense:
(anatomy) A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or from the median line of the body[early 17th century]


lexentry: eng/abecedary__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abecedary
trans_list: alfabet
sense:
One that teaches or learns the alphabet or the fundamentals of any subject; abecedarian. [from late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/abelian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abelian
trans_list: abelowa | przemienna
sense:
(mathematics) Of an algebraic structure (usually a group or algebra), having a commutative defining operation. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aberrance
trans_list: odstępstwo
sense:
State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude. [Mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aberrant
trans_list: nienormalny
sense:
Differing from the norm. [First attested sometime between the mid 16th century and the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aberrant
trans_list: nienormalny
sense:
(sometimes, figuratively) Straying from the right way; deviating from morality or truth. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberrant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aberrant
trans_list: dziwaczny
sense:
(botany, zoology) Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional; abnormal. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: aberration
trans_list: aberracja
sense:
(optics) The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; a defect in a focusing mechanism that prevents the intended focal point. [Mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: aberration
trans_list: aberracja
sense:
(astronomy) A small periodical change of the apparent positions of the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer. [Mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/aberration__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: aberration
trans_list: aberracja
sense:
(zoology, botany) Atypical development or structure; deviation from the normal type; an aberrant organ. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abet__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abet
trans_list: asystować
sense:
(transitive) To support, countenance, maintain, uphold, or aid (any good cause, opinion, or action); to maintain. [from late 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abetalipoproteinemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abetalipoproteinemia
trans_list: abetalipoproteinemia
sense:
(disease) A rare autosomal recessive disorder that interferes with the normal absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins from food.


lexentry: eng/abettor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abettor
trans_list: wspólnik
sense:
One that abets an offender; one that incites; instigates; encourages. [First attested from 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abeyance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abeyance
trans_list: wakacje
sense:
(legal) Expectancy; a condition when an ownership of real property is undetermined; lapse in succession of ownership of estate, or title. [Late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/abhor__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abhor
trans_list: czuć odrazę | nie cierpieć
sense:
(transitive) To regard (someone or something) as horrifying or detestable; to feel great repugnance toward. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abhorrence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abhorrence
trans_list: odraza
sense:
(uncountable, countable) Extreme aversion or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike or loathing. [Mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abide__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: abide
trans_list: mieszkać
sense:
(intransitive, archaic, Scotland) To stay; to continue in a place; to remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to be left. [from ca. 1150—1350]


lexentry: eng/abide__Verb__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: abide
trans_list: mieszkać
sense:
(transitive, obsolete) To endure or undergo a hard trial or a task; to stand up under. [from ca. 1150—1350 to early 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abide__Verb__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: abide
trans_list: mieszkać
sense:
(transitive, archaic) To await submissively; accept without question; submit to. [from ca. 1350—1470]


lexentry: eng/abide_by__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abide by
trans_list: stosować się
sense:
(transitive) To accept (a decision or law) and act in accordance with it; to conform to (a decision or law); to acquiesce to (a decision or law).


lexentry: eng/abietic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abietic acid
trans_list: kwas abietynowy
sense:
(carboxylic acid) A yellowish resin acid isolated from rosin and used in varnishes and esters for plasticizers; C19H29COOH


lexentry: eng/abietin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abietin
trans_list: abietyna
sense:
(organic chemistry) A resin obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether.


lexentry: eng/ability__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ability
trans_list: zdolność
sense:
(uncountable) The quality or state of being able; capacity to do or of doing something; having the necessary power. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abiogenesis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abiogenesis
trans_list: abiogeneza | samorództwo | archigonia
sense:
(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents. [from 1870]


lexentry: eng/abiology__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abiology
trans_list: abiologia
sense:
(science) The sciences, such as geology and astronomy, that collectively deal with inorganic or lifeless bodies.


lexentry: eng/abiotic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abiotic
trans_list: abiotyczny
sense:
Nonliving, inanimate, characterised by the absence of life; of inorganic matter. [Mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abjad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abjad
trans_list: abdżad
sense:
A writing system for Arabic, historically also employed as a numeral system, in which there is one glyph (symbol or letter) for each consonant but vowels are not specified.


lexentry: eng/abjad__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abjad
trans_list: abdżad
sense:
(linguistics) Any writing system in which glyphs are used to represent consonants or consonantal phonemes, but not vowels.


lexentry: eng/abject__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abject
trans_list: gorzki
sense:
Existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state; contemptible, despicable, miserable. [from early 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/abject__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abject
trans_list: mizerny
sense:
Of a person: cast down in hope or spirit; showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation; also, grovelling; ingratiating; servile. [from mid 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/abject__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abject
trans_list: parias
sense:
A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; an oppressed person; an outcast; also, such people as a class. [from early 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abjuration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abjuration
trans_list: abiuracja
sense:
A solemn recantation or renunciation on oath; as, an abjuration of heresy. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abjure__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abjure
trans_list: wyrzec się | wyrzekać się
sense:
To solemnly reject (someone or something); to abandon (someone or something) forever; to disavow, to disclaim, to repudiate. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/ablactation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablactation
trans_list: ablaktacja
sense:
The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young animals from their dam. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/ablation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ablation
trans_list: ablacja
sense:
(surgery) The surgical removal of a body part, an organ, or especially a tumor; the removal of an organ function; amputation. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/ablation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: ablation
trans_list: ablacja
sense:
(sciences) The progressive removal of material by any of a variety of processes such as melting or vaporization under heat or chipping. [Mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/ablative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablative
trans_list: ablatywny
sense:
(grammar) Applied to one of the cases of the noun in some languages, the fundamental meaning of the case being removal, separation, or taking away, and to a lesser degree, instrument, place, accordance, specifications, price, or measurement. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/ablative_absolute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablative absolute
trans_list: ablativus absolutus
sense:
(grammar) A construction in Latin and other sister languages in which an independent phrase with a noun in the ablative case has a participle, adjective, or noun, expressed or implied, which agrees with it in gender, number and case – both words forming a clause grammatically unconnected with the rest of the sentence.


lexentry: eng/ablative_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablative case
trans_list: ablatyw | pochodnik
sense:
(grammar) A noun case used in some languages to indicate movement away from something, removal, separation. In English grammar, it corresponds roughly to the use in English of prepositions "of", "from", "away from", and "concerning". In Latin grammar, the ablative case (cāsus ablātīvus) includes functions derived from the Indo-European ablative, instrumental, comitative, associative and locative cases; these cases express concepts similar to those of the English prepositions "of"/"from", "by", "with", "to"/"with", and "at"/"in", respectively. Here/hence/hither, there/thence/thither, and where/whence/whither are the only English words with separate forms for the ablative (motion away from) and lative (motion towards) cases.


lexentry: eng/ablaut__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablaut
trans_list: przegłos | alternacja | apofonia
sense:
(phonology) The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation, distinct from the phonetic influence of a succeeding vowel. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/able-bodied_seaman__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: able-bodied seaman
trans_list: mat
sense:
(nautical) A seaman, especially one in the merchant navy, who has been trained or certified in all routine duties; a member of the Royal Navy rated between ordinary seaman and leading seaman or boatswain's mate.


lexentry: eng/able__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: able
trans_list: mieć możliwość | móc | potrafić
sense:
Free from constraints preventing completion of task; permitted to; not prevented from. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/able__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: able
trans_list: zdolny | umiejętny | zręczny
sense:
Gifted with skill, intelligence, knowledge, or competence. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/ablegate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablegate
trans_list: ablegat
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) A representative of the pope charged with important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of office.


lexentry: eng/abloom__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abloom
trans_list: w kwiatach
sense:
(postpositive) In or into bloom; in a blooming state; having flower blooms unfolding. [Mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/ablution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ablution
trans_list: ablucja | obmycie
sense:
The act of washing or cleansing the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite. [From mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnegate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abnegate
trans_list: zabraniać
sense:
(transitive) To deny (oneself something); to renounce or give up (a right, a power, a claim, a privilege, a convenience). [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abnormal
trans_list: nienormalny | anormalny
sense:
Not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type. [First attested around the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abnormal
trans_list: nienormalny | anormalny
sense:
Of or pertaining to that which is irregular, in particular, behaviour that deviates from norms of social propriety or accepted standards of mental health. [First attested around the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormality__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abnormality
trans_list: anormalność | nienormalność
sense:
The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormality__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abnormality
trans_list: anormalność | nienormalność
sense:
Something abnormal; an aberration; an abnormal occurrence or feature. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abnormally__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abnormally
trans_list: anormalnie | nienormalnie
sense:
In an abnormal manner; in a way that deviates from a standard, norm, or average. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abode__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abode
trans_list: miejsce zamieszkania | sadyba | siedziba
sense:
(dated, or, legal) Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn. [Attested from (1350 to 1470) to the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abolition__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abolition
trans_list: abolicja
sense:
(historical, often capitalised, UK, US) The ending of the slave trade or of slavery. [First attested around the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abolitionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abolitionism
trans_list: abolicjonizm
sense:
Support for the abolition of something; the tenets of abolitionists. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abolitionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abolitionist
trans_list: abolicjonista | abolicjonistka
sense:
A person who favors the abolition of any particular institution or practice. [since the late 18th century]


lexentry: eng/abomasum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abomasum
trans_list: trawieniec
sense:
(biology, food) The fourth digestive compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminant, after the omasum;the lining of said compartment, considered as a foodstuff.


lexentry: eng/abominable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abominable
trans_list: ohydny | niegodziwy | odrażający | plugawy
sense:
Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable. [first attested around 1150 to 1350]


lexentry: eng/abominate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abominate
trans_list: brzydzić
sense:
(transitive) To feel disgust towards; to loathe or detest thoroughly; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious dread. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abonnement__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abonnement
trans_list: abonament
sense:
A subscription or season ticket in a French-speaking country or another country where abonnement is the local term. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aboriginal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aboriginal
trans_list: aborygeński
sense:
First according to historical or scientific records; original; indigenous; primitive. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/aborigine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aborigine
trans_list: aborygen | autochton | krajowiec | tubylec
sense:
A native inhabitant of a country; a member of the original people. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/aborning__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: aborning
trans_list: w powijakach
sense:
(chiefly, North America) That is in the process of being born; coming into existence; before coming to completion. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abortifacient__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abortifacient
trans_list: daremny
sense:
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug or an agent that induces an abortion. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abortion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abortion
trans_list: aborcja | abort
sense:
(medicine) The expulsion from the womb of a foetus or embryo before it is fully developed, with loss of the foetus.[from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abortion__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abortion
trans_list: aborcja | abort
sense:
(biology) Arrest of development of any organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is absorbed. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/abortionist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abortionist
trans_list: aborcjonista | aborcjonistka | aborter
sense:
(now, sometimes, offensive) A person who performs abortions, especially illegally or secretly. [from 1844]


lexentry: eng/about__Adverb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: about
trans_list: około | niemal | prawie
sense:
Nearly; approximately; with close correspondence in quality, manner, degree, quantity, or time; almost. [from before 1150]


lexentry: eng/about__Adverb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: about
trans_list: wstecz
sense:
To a reversed order; half round; facing in the opposite direction; from a contrary point of view. [from ca. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/about__Adverb__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: about
trans_list: wkoło
sense:
(archaic) In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way; around the outside; in circumference. [from ca. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/about__Preposition__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: about
trans_list: ponad
sense:
Over or upon different parts of; through or over in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in; throughout. [from ca. 1150–1350]


lexentry: eng/about__Preposition__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: about
trans_list: przy
sense:
(figurative) In or near, as in mental faculties or (literally) in the possession of; under the control of; at one's command; in one's makeup. [from ca. 1350–1470]


lexentry: eng/about_to__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: about to
trans_list: właśnie | zaraz
sense:
(idiomatic, with infinitive verb) Indicates something that will happen very soon; indicates action that is imminent; ready to.


lexentry: eng/above__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: above
trans_list: powyższy
sense:
(by ellipsis) Being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page. [first attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/above__Adverb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: above
trans_list: powyżej
sense:
Higher in the same page; earlier in the order as far as writing products go. [first attested before 1150.]


lexentry: eng/abracadabra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abracadabra
trans_list: abrakadabra
sense:
A use of the mystical term ‘abracadabra’, supposed to work as part of a healing charm or a magical spell; any spell or incantation making use of the word. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abrasion
trans_list: abrazja
sense:
The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abrasion
trans_list: abrazja
sense:
(geology) The effect of mechanical erosion of rock, especially a river bed, by rock fragments scratching and scraping it. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abrasion
trans_list: przetarcie | abrazja
sense:
(medicine) A superficial wound caused by scraping; an area of skin where the cells on the surface have been scraped or worn away. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrasion_platform__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abrasion platform
trans_list: platforma abrazyjna
sense:
(geology) A sloping or nearly flat bedrock surface extending out from the foot of a marine cliff under shallow water of a breaker (wave) zone, that was created by marine abrasion.


lexentry: eng/abrasive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abrasive
trans_list: szorstki
sense:
Being rough and coarse in manner or disposition; overly aggressive and causing irritation. [First attested in 1925.]


lexentry: eng/abrasive__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abrasive
trans_list: ścierny
sense:
A hard inorganic substance or material consisting in powder or granule form such as sandpaper, pumice, or emery, used for cleaning, smoothing, or polishing. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abreact__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abreact
trans_list: odreagować
sense:
(transitive, psychoanalysis) To eliminate previously repressed emotions by reliving past experiences. [First attested in the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abridge__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abridge
trans_list: ograniczać
sense:
(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten in duration or extent. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abridge__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abridge
trans_list: skracać
sense:
(transitive) To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense[First attested in 1384.]. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]


lexentry: eng/abridgment__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abridgment
trans_list: wyjście
sense:
(US) An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened or abridged form; an abbreviation. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]


lexentry: eng/abrogate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abrogate
trans_list: abrogować
sense:
(transitive, law) To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or their successor; to repeal; — applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc. [First attested in the early 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrupt__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abrupt
trans_list: nagłe | nagły
sense:
Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abrupt__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abrupt
trans_list: nagły
sense:
Having sudden transitions from one subject or state to another; unconnected; disjointed. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abruptly__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abruptly
trans_list: nagle | bezceremonialnie | improwizując | raptem
sense:
In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly; precipitously. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscess__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abscess
trans_list: ropień | absces
sense:
(pathology) A cavity caused by tissue destruction, usually because of infection, filled with pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscise__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abscise
trans_list: chudnąć
sense:
(intransitive, botany) To separate by means of abscission; to shed or drop off. [First attested in the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abscissa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abscissa
trans_list: odcięta | abscysa
sense:
(geometry) The first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes. [First attested in the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abseil__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abseil
trans_list: obchodzić
sense:
(intransitive) To descend a steep or vertical drop using a rope with a mechanical friction device or (classic abseil) by wrapping the rope around the body; to rappel. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/absence__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absence
trans_list: absencja | nieobecność
sense:
Failure to be present where one is expected, wanted, or needed; nonattendance; deficiency. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absence_of_mind__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absence of mind
trans_list: nieobecność
sense:
A state or the quality of being absent-minded (abstracted, preoccupied). [First attested in the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absent-minded__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absent-minded
trans_list: roztargniony
sense:
Absent in mind; often preoccupied; forgetful or careless due to distraction; easily distracted. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absent-mindedness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absent-mindedness
trans_list: roztargnienie
sense:
The characteristic or state of being easily distracted or preoccupied. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absent
trans_list: nieobecny
sense:
(not comparable) Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present; missing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absent
trans_list: nieobecny
sense:
(comparable) Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied. [First attested in the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absentee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absentee
trans_list: nieobecny
sense:
A person who is absent from his or her employment, school, post, duty, etc. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absenteeism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absenteeism
trans_list: absencja
sense:
The state of being absent, especially frequently or without good reason; the practice of an absentee. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absinthe__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absinthe
trans_list: absynt | piołunówka | zielona wróżka
sense:
A distilled, highly alcoholic, anise-flavored liquor originally made from grande wormwood, anise, and other herbs. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/absinthin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absinthin
trans_list: absyntyna
sense:
(organic compound) The principal compound found in wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), having a bitter taste: C15H20O4


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolutny | bezwarunkowy | bezwzględny
sense:
Free of restrictions, limitations, qualifications or conditions; unconditional. [first attested in the late 1400s]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolutny
sense:
Free from imperfection, perfect, complete; especially, perfectly embodying a quality in its essential characteristics or to its highest degree. [first attested around 1400]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolutny
sense:
(especially, philosophy) Fundamental, ultimate, intrinsic; not relative; independent of references or relations to other things or standards. [first attested in the late 1700s]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Adjective__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: bezwzględny
sense:
(grammar) Not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence; not in a syntactical relation with other parts of a text, or qualifying the text as a whole rather than any single word in it, like "it being over" in "it being over, she left". [first attested around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/absolute__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolut
sense:
(philosophy, usually capitalized, usually preceded by "the") A realm which exists without reference to anything else; that which can be imagined purely by itself; absolute ego.


lexentry: eng/absolute__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: absolute
trans_list: absolut
sense:
(chemistry) A concentrated natural flower oil, used for perfumes; an alcoholic extract of a concrete.


lexentry: eng/absolute_music__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute music
trans_list: muzyka absolutna
sense:
Instrumental music having an intellectual and affective content, which depends solely on its rhythmic, melodic, and contrapuntal structure.


lexentry: eng/absolute_pitch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute pitch
trans_list: słuch absolutny
sense:
(music, countable, or, uncountable) The exact pitch of a note as established by its rate of vibration based on a standard scale.


lexentry: eng/absolute_value__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute value
trans_list: wartość bezwzględna
sense:
(mathematics) For a complex number a+bi, the principal square root of the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary parts, \sqrt{a^2+b^2}. Denoted by | |.


lexentry: eng/absolute_zero__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolute zero
trans_list: zero bezwzględne
sense:
(physics) The coldest possible temperature, zero on the Kelvin scale, or approximately −273.15 °C, −459.67 °F; total absence of heat; temperature at which motion of all molecules would cease. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absoluteness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absoluteness
trans_list: absolutność
sense:
(obsolete) The fact of being finished or perfected; completeness. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absoluteness__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: absoluteness
trans_list: absolutność
sense:
The fact of being without qualifications or conditions; certainty, unconditionality. [First attested in the 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolution
trans_list: absolucja | rozgrzeszenie
sense:
(ecclesiastical) An absolving of sins from ecclesiastical penalties by an authority. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/absolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: absolution
trans_list: absolucja | rozgrzeszenie
sense:
An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty; forgiveness of an offense. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absolution__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: absolution
trans_list: absolucja | rozgrzeszenie
sense:
(civil, _, legal, obsolete) An acquittal, or sentence of a judge declaring an accused person innocent. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolutism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absolutism
trans_list: absolutyzm
sense:
(political science, sociology) The principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; Synonym of despotism. [First attested in the early 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolutism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absolutism
trans_list: absolutyzm
sense:
(philosophy) Belief in a metaphysical absolute; belief in Absolute. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absolutist__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absolutist
trans_list: absolutysta | absolutystka
sense:
(metaphysics) One who believes that it is possible to realize a cognition or concept of the Absolute. [from mid 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/absolutive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolutive
trans_list: absolutywny
sense:
(grammar) Of or pertaining to the grammatical case used to indicate the patient or experiencer of a verb’s action.


lexentry: eng/absolutive_case__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absolutive case
trans_list: absolutyw
sense:
(grammatical case) case used to indicate the patient or experiencer of a verb’s action. The absolutive case is used to mark the subject of an intransitive verb, as well as the object of a transitive verb (inasmuch as they are codified in the English nominative-accusative system). Some languages that employ the absolutive case include Abkhaz, Basque, Chechen, Dyirbal, Hindi, Inuktitut, Hiligaynon, and Yup'ik.


lexentry: eng/absolve__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: absolve
trans_list: absolwować | rozgrzeszać | rozgrzeszyć
sense:
(transitive) To pronounce free from or give absolution for a penalty, blame, or guilt. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorb__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorb
trans_list: absorbować | wchłaniać | zaabsorbować | chłonąć | pochłaniać | pochłonąć
sense:
(transitive) To include so that it no longer has separate existence; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to incorporate; to assimilate; to take in and use up. [first attested c. 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/absorbed__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absorbed
trans_list: pochłonięty
sense:
(Of something) That has been taken in, engulfed, imbibed, or assimilated. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorbency__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absorbency
trans_list: absorbancja
sense:
(physics) The ratio of the absorbance or optical density of a substance to that of a similar body of pure solvent.


lexentry: eng/absorbent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorbent
trans_list: absorbujący | absorpcyjny | chłonny | pochłanający | wchłanający
sense:
Having the ability or tendency to absorb; able to soak up liquid easily; absorptive. [First attested in the early 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorber__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorber
trans_list: absorbent | absorber | pochłaniacz
sense:
A device which causes gas or vapor to be absorbed by a liquid. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorptiometer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorptiometer
trans_list: absorpcjometr
sense:
An instrument that computes the absorption rate by measuring the pressure of the gas; a colorimeter for liquids. [First attested in the late 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorption__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorption
trans_list: absorpcja
sense:
(physical chemistry, physics) the imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action, of radiant energy; the process of being neutrons being absorbed by the nucleus; interception. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorption__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorption
trans_list: przyswajanie | absorpcja
sense:
(physiology) in living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs; taking in by various means, such as by osmosis. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/absorptive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absorptive
trans_list: absorbujący | chłonny | pochłanający | wchłanający
sense:
Having power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe; absorbent. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstain__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abstain
trans_list: powstrzymać | powstrzymywać | wstrzymać | wstrzymywać
sense:
(intransitive) Refrain from (something or doing something); keep from doing, especially an indulgence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstainer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstainer
trans_list: abstynent | abstynentka
sense:
Agent noun of abstain; one who abstains; especially, one who abstains from something, such as the use of alcohol or drugs, or one who abstains for religious reasons; one who practices self-denial. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstention__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstention
trans_list: abstynencja
sense:
(obsolete) The act of restraining oneself. [Attested from the early 16th century until the med 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstinence
trans_list: abstynencja
sense:
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating/alcoholic beverages; total abstinence; teetotalism). [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstinence
trans_list: wstrzemięźliwość | abstynencja
sense:
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from sexual intercourse, either permanently or until marriage. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abstinence__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstinence
trans_list: abstynencja | wstrzemięźliwość
sense:
The act or practice of abstaining, refraining from indulging a desire or appetite. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]


lexentry: eng/abstinent__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstinent
trans_list: wstrzemięźliwy
sense:
Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence of appetite. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Adjective__1
sense_num: 08
written_rep: abstract
trans_list: abstrakcyjny
sense:
(arts, often, capitalized) Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20th century. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract
trans_list: odciągać | odciągnąć
sense:
(transitive, euphemistic) To steal; to take away; to remove without permission. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstract__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract
trans_list: abstrahować | odciągać | odciągnąć | wyabstrahować
sense:
To conceptualize an ideal subgroup by means of the generalization of an attribute, as follows: by apprehending an attribute inherent to one individual, then separating that attribute and contemplating it by itself, then conceiving of that attribute as a general quality, then despecifying that conceived quality with respect to several or many individuals, and by then ideating a group composed of those individuals perceived to possess said quality.


lexentry: eng/abstract_algebra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstract algebra
trans_list: algebra abstrakcyjna
sense:
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics concerned with algebraic structures, such as groups, rings, and fields.


lexentry: eng/abstracted__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abstracted
trans_list: pochłonięty
sense:
Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind; meditative. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: abstraction
trans_list: abstrakcja
sense:
The act of focusing on one characteristic of an object rather than the object as a whole group of characteristics; the act of separating said qualities from the object or ideas. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: abstraction
trans_list: abstrakcja
sense:
The act of comparing commonality between distinct objects and organizing using those similarities; the act of generalizing characteristics; the product of said generalization. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstractionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstractionism
trans_list: abstrakcjonizm
sense:
The creation, principles, or ideals of abstractions, in particular art. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/abstractive__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abstractive
trans_list: abstrakcyjny
sense:
Having an abstracting nature or tendency; tending to separate; tending to be withdrawn. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurd__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absurd
trans_list: absurdalny | niedorzeczny | bezsensowny
sense:
Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and flatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; silly. [from mid-16th c.]


lexentry: eng/absurdism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absurdism
trans_list: absurdyzm
sense:
(uncountable, philosophy) A philosophy which holds that the universe is chaotic and irrational and that any attempt to impose order will ultimately fail. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurdist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absurdist
trans_list: absurdalista | absurdysta
sense:
An advocate of absurdism, in particular a writer of absurd topics. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurdity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: absurdity
trans_list: absurd | bezsens
sense:
(countable) That which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction. [First attested in the late 15th century.]


lexentry: eng/absurdity__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: absurdity
trans_list: absurdalność | bezsensowność | niedorzeczność
sense:
(uncountable) The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. [First attested in the early 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abulia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abulia
trans_list: abulia
sense:
(psychiatry) Absence of willpower or decisiveness, especially as a symptom of mental illness. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/abundance__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abundance
trans_list: obfitość
sense:
An overflowing fullness or ample sufficiency; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; plentifulness. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abundant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abundant
trans_list: obfity
sense:
Fully sufficient; found in copious supply; in great quantity; overflowing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abundant_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abundant number
trans_list: liczba bogata
sense:
(number theory) A number that is less than the sum of its proper divisors (all divisors except the number itself).


lexentry: eng/abundantly__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abundantly
trans_list: obficie
sense:
In an abundant manner; in a sufficient degree; in large measure. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abuse
trans_list: nadużycie | molestowanie
sense:
Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom. [from around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: abuse
trans_list: obraza | zniewaga
sense:
Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies. [from mid-16th c.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abuse
trans_list: gwałcić | maltretować | zgwałcić | zmaltretować | znęcać się
sense:
(transitive) To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to use improperly; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert [from around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abuse__Verb__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: abuse
trans_list: gwałcić | zgwałcić
sense:
(transitive, archaic) To violate; defile; to rape; (reflexive) to masturbate. [from around 1350 to 1470]


lexentry: eng/abusiveness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abusiveness
trans_list: abuzywność
sense:
The quality of being abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/abut__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abut
trans_list: osiągać
sense:
(intransitive) To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land) [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abutilon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abutilon
trans_list: abutilon | klonik | zaślaz
sense:
Any of the various tropical flowering plants of the genus Abutilon, such as the flowering maple, Indian mallow, or Chinese lantern. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abutment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abutment
trans_list: przyczółek
sense:
(engineering, architecture) The solid portion of a structure that supports the lateral pressure of an arch or vault. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/abyss__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abyss
trans_list: przepaść | otchłań | czeluść
sense:
Hell; the bottomless pit; primeval chaos; a confined subterranean ocean. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]


lexentry: eng/abyss__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abyss
trans_list: przepaść | otchłań
sense:
(frequently, figurative) A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable; any void space. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/abyssal__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: abyssal
trans_list: abisalny | abysalny | głębokomorski | głębokowodny
sense:
(geography) Of or belonging to the ocean depths, especially below 2000 metres (6500 ft): abyssal zone. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]


lexentry: eng/abyssal_zone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: abyssal zone
trans_list: abisal | abysal | strefa abisalna | strefa głębinowa | strefa abysalna
sense:
(geography) The oceanic realm consisting of the deep ocean, typified by a dearth of plant life, and plentiful carnivorous animals that are able to withstand extreme pressure.


lexentry: eng/academia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: academia
trans_list: akademia
sense:
(collective) The scientific and cultural community engaged in higher education and research, taken as a whole. [from 1956]


lexentry: eng/academian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academian
trans_list: akademiczka
sense:
(obsolete) A member of an academy, university, or college. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the late 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/academic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academic
trans_list: akademicki
sense:
Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning, or a scholarly society or organization. [from late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/academic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: academic
trans_list: akademicki
sense:
In particular: relating to literary, classical, or artistic studies like the humanities, rather than to technical or vocational studies like engineering or welding.


lexentry: eng/academic__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academic
trans_list: akademik | akademiczka
sense:
A senior member of an academy, college, or university; a person who attends an academy; a person engaged in scholarly pursuits; one who is academic in practice. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academic_institution__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academic institution
trans_list: szkoła wyższa
sense:
An educational institution, dedicated to higher education and research, that grants academic degrees.


lexentry: eng/academical__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academical
trans_list: akademicki
sense:
Pertaining to a university or other form of higher education. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academically__Adverb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: academically
trans_list: akademicko
sense:
In an academic style or way; from an academic perspective. [First attested in the late 16th century]


lexentry: eng/academician__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: academician
trans_list: akademiczka | akademik
sense:
A member or follower of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or literature, such as the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of Arts. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: academy
trans_list: akademia
sense:
An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university; typically a private school. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: academy
trans_list: akademia
sense:
A school or place of training in which some special art is taught. [First attested in the late 16th century.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: academy
trans_list: akademia
sense:
A society of learned people united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science. [First attested in the early 17th century.]


lexentry: eng/academy__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: academy
trans_list: akademia
sense:
(obsolete) The knowledge disseminated in an Academy. [Attested from the early 17th century until the mid 18th century.]


lexentry: eng/acalculia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acalculia
trans_list: akalkulia
sense:
(pathology) The condition of lacking basic mathematical skills caused by a brain injury, or more specifically an injury to the parietal lobe. [First attested in the early 20th century.]


lexentry: eng/acanthite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acanthite
trans_list: argentyt
sense:
(mineral) A mineral form of silver sulfide, Ag2S, that is a major ore of silver, that forms slender prisms.


lexentry: eng/acanthus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acanthus
trans_list: akant
sense:
A member of the genus Acanthus of herbaceous prickly plants with toothed leaves, (family Acanthaceae, order Lamiales (formerly Scrophulariales)) found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India. [from mid 16th century]


lexentry: eng/acanthus__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acanthus
trans_list: akant
sense:
(architectural element) An ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of Acanthus spinosus, used in the capitals of the Corinthian and composite orders. [from mid 18th century]


lexentry: eng/acarus__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acarus
trans_list: kleszcz
sense:
(zoology, acarology) Any member of the subclass Acari (aka Acarina): thus, a mite or a tick; specifically, any mite of the genus Acarus.


lexentry: eng/accede__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accede
trans_list: przystawać | przystać | przystąpić | przyłączać się | przyłączyć się | wstąpić
sense:
(intransitive, now, _, rare) To give one's adhesion; to join up with (a group, etc.); to become part of. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/accede__Verb__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accede
trans_list: obejmować | objąć
sense:
(intransitive) To come to an office, state or dignity; to attain, assume (a position). [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/accelerant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accelerant
trans_list: paliwo
sense:
In the context of fire protection, a substance that accelerates the development of a fire, especially some hydrocarbon-based fuel used to spread a fire caused by arson.


lexentry: eng/acceleration__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acceleration
trans_list: przyspieszenie | akceleracja
sense:
(uncountable) The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; as opposed to retardation or deceleration.


lexentry: eng/acceleration__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acceleration
trans_list: przyspieszenie
sense:
(countable) The amount by which a speed or velocity increases (and so a scalar quantity or a vector quantity).


lexentry: eng/acceleration__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: acceleration
trans_list: przyspieszenie | akceleracja
sense:
(physics) The change of velocity with respect to time (can include deceleration or changing direction).


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accent
trans_list: akcent | nacisk
sense:
(linguistics) A higher-pitched or stronger (louder or longer) articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accent
trans_list: akcent
sense:
(orthography) A mark or character used in writing, in order to indicate the place of the spoken accent, or to indicate the nature or quality of the vowel marked.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accent
trans_list: akcent
sense:
Modulation of the voice in speaking; the manner of speaking or pronouncing; a peculiar or characteristic modification of the voice, expressing emotion; tone.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: accent
trans_list: akcent
sense:
(linguistics, sociolinguistics) The distinctive manner of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, social group, etc., whether of a native speaker or a foreign speaker; the phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: accent
trans_list: akcent
sense:
(sign languages) A distinctive manner of producing a sign language, such as someone who does not normally use a certain sign language might have when using it.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 09
written_rep: accent
trans_list: akcent
sense:
(music) A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more feebly, the third part of the measure.


lexentry: eng/accent__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: accent
trans_list: akcent
sense:
(music) A mark used to represent this special emphasis.The third and fourth symbols are accents (marks used to represent special emphasis in music).


lexentry: eng/acceptance__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acceptance
trans_list: akceptacja | przyjęcie
sense:
(uncountable) The act of accepting; the receiving of something offered, with acquiescence, approbation, or satisfaction; especially, favourable reception; approval.


lexentry: eng/acceptance__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: acceptance
trans_list: akcept | akceptacja
sense:
(business, finance) An assent and engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance; the bill of exchange itself when accepted.


lexentry: eng/access__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: access
trans_list: dostęp | akces | akcesja
sense:
(uncountable) The right or ability of approaching or entering; admittance; admission; accessibility.


lexentry: eng/access__Noun__1
sense_num: 11
written_rep: access
trans_list: dostęp
sense:
(uncountable, networking) Connection to or communication with a computer program or to the Internet.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory
trans_list: akcesoryczny | akcesoryjny
sense:
Having a secondary, supplementary or subordinate function by accompanying as a subordinate; aiding in a secondary way; being additional; contributing or being contributory. [from 1550s]


lexentry: eng/accessory__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accessory
trans_list: pomocnictwo
sense:
(legal) Assisting a crime without actually participating in committing the crime itself; being connected as an incident or subordinate to a principal.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory
trans_list: akcesoria | akcesorium | dodatek | dodatki
sense:
Something that belongs to part of another main thing; something additional and subordinate, an attachment.


lexentry: eng/accessory__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accessory
trans_list: współsprawca
sense:
(legal) A person who is not present at a crime, but contributes to it as an assistant or instigator. [from 1414]


lexentry: eng/accessory_after_the_fact__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory after the fact
trans_list: popleczniczka | poplecznik
sense:
(legal) An individual who assists someone who has committed a crime so as to protect them from legal prosecution.


lexentry: eng/accessory_fruit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory fruit
trans_list: owoc pozorny
sense:
(botany) A fruit which includes tissue not derived from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue, as for instance, a strawberry.


lexentry: eng/accessory_mineral__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accessory mineral
trans_list: minerał akcesoryczny
sense:
(mineral) any mineral that is present in small amounts in a rock, but is not considered to be characteristic of the rock


lexentry: eng/accident__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accident
trans_list: wypadek
sense:
An unexpected event with negative consequences occurring without the intention of the one suffering the consequences, and (in the strict sense) not directly caused by humans.


lexentry: eng/accident__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accident
trans_list: wypadek
sense:
(transportation) A collision or crash of a vehicle, aircraft, or other form of transportation that causes damage to the transportation involved; and sometimes injury or death to the transportation's occupants or bystanders in close proximity. (but see Usage notes)


lexentry: eng/accidental__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accidental
trans_list: przypadkowy
sense:
Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according to the usual course of things; by accident, unintentional. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/acclimatize__Verb__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acclimatize
trans_list: aklimatyzować | aklimatyzować się | zaaklimatyzować | zaaklimatyzować się
sense:
(transitive) To make used to a new climate or one that is different from that which is natural; to inure or habituate to other circumstances; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate.


lexentry: eng/acclivity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acclivity
trans_list: pochyłość
sense:
(geomorphology) A slope or inclination of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as ascending, in opposition to declivity, or descending; an upward slope; ascent.


lexentry: eng/accommodate__Verb__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: accommodate
trans_list: akomodować
sense:
(transitive) To show the correspondence of; to apply or make suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental circumstances, statements to facts, etc.


lexentry: eng/accommodation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accommodation
trans_list: zakwaterowanie
sense:
(chiefly, British, usually, a mass noun) Lodging in a dwelling or similar living quarters afforded to travellers in hotels or on cruise ships, or prisoners, etc.


lexentry: eng/accommodation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accommodation
trans_list: akomodacja | przystosowanie
sense:
(countable, uncountable, followed by to) The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment.


lexentry: eng/accommodation__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: accommodation
trans_list: akomodacja
sense:
(linguistics, sociolinguistics) Modification(s) to make one's way of communicating similar to others involved in a conversation or discourse.


lexentry: eng/accompaniment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accompaniment
trans_list: akompaniament
sense:
(music) A part, usually performed by instruments, that gives support or adds to the background in music, or adds for ornamentation; also, the harmony of a figured bass.


lexentry: eng/accompaniment__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accompaniment
trans_list: akompaniament
sense:
That which accompanies; something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of ornament, or for the sake of symmetry.


lexentry: eng/accompany__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accompany
trans_list: towarzyszyć | asystować
sense:
(transitive) To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with.


lexentry: eng/accomplice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accomplice
trans_list: współsprawca | wspólnik | wspólniczka | współsprawczyni
sense:
(legal) An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory.


lexentry: eng/accordion__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accordion
trans_list: akordeon | harmonia ręczna
sense:
A box-shaped musical instrument with means of keys and buttons, whose tones are generated by play of the wind from a squeezed bellows upon free metallic reeds.


lexentry: eng/account__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: account
trans_list: konto | relacja
sense:
(accounting) A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review. [from c. 1300]


lexentry: eng/account__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: account
trans_list: konto | rachunek
sense:
A statement in general of reasons, causes, grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; a reason of an action to be done.


lexentry: eng/account_for__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: account for
trans_list: wyjaśniać
sense:
(transitive) To explain by relating circumstances; to show that some one, thing or members of a group are present or have been processed.


lexentry: eng/account_manager__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: account manager
trans_list: opiekun klienta
sense:
(business) A person who is in charge of sales to one or more named customers or to a specified segment of the market, especially in B2B marketing; supposedly refers to a somewhat more responsible job than the term salesman.


lexentry: eng/accountability__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accountability
trans_list: odpowiedzialność | rozliczalność
sense:
The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to render an account or give an explanation; liability to be held responsible or answerable for something.


lexentry: eng/accountancy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accountancy
trans_list: rachunkowość
sense:
(uncountable, British, NZ, often, _, Philippines, accounting) The function of compiling and providing financial information primarily by reports referred to as financial statements, including bookkeeping, systems design, analysis and interpretation of accounting information.


lexentry: eng/accountant__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accountant
trans_list: księgowy | księgowa
sense:
(accounting) One whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another. The records are usually, but not always, financial records.


lexentry: eng/accounting__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accounting
trans_list: rachunkowość | księgowość
sense:
(business) The development and use of a system for recording and analyzing the financial transactions and financial status of an individual or a business.


lexentry: eng/accounts_payable__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accounts payable
trans_list: należności | zobowiązania
sense:
The total amount of money that is owed by a customer to its suppliers of goods and services and is counted by the customer as a current unpaid debt.


lexentry: eng/accounts_receivable__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accounts receivable
trans_list: należność
sense:
(accounting) The total monetary amount owed to a financial entity due to debts arising from sales on credit or on account.


lexentry: eng/accredit__Verb__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accredit
trans_list: akredytować
sense:
(transitive) To send with letters credential, as an ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a messenger or delegate.


lexentry: eng/accreditation__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accreditation
trans_list: akredytacja
sense:
(education) The granting of approval to an institution of higher learning by an official review board after the school has met certain requirements.


lexentry: eng/accretion__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accretion
trans_list: akrecja | przyrost
sense:
(uncountable) (Gradual) increase by an external addition of matter; (countable) an instance of this.


lexentry: eng/accretion__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accretion
trans_list: akrecja
sense:
(astrophysics) The formation of planets, stars, and other celestial bodies by the aggregating of matter drawn together by gravity; also, the growth of a celestial body through this process.


lexentry: eng/accretion__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: accretion
trans_list: akrecja
sense:
(uncountable) The process of separate particles aggregating or coalescing together; concretion; (countable) a thing formed in this manner.


lexentry: eng/accretion_disk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accretion disk
trans_list: dysk akrecyjny
sense:
(astrophysics) A structure formed by matter falling into a gravitational source such as a galaxy, black hole, or protostar.


lexentry: eng/accrual__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accrual
trans_list: atak
sense:
An increase; something that accumulates, especially an amount of money that periodically accumulates for a specific purpose


lexentry: eng/acculturation__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: acculturation
trans_list: akulturacja
sense:
A process by which a person acquires the culture of the society that they inhabit, starting at birth.


lexentry: eng/accumulate__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accumulate
trans_list: akumulować | zakumulować
sense:
(transitive) To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together (either literally or figuratively)


lexentry: eng/accumulation__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: accumulation
trans_list: akumulacja
sense:
(finance) The action of investors buying an asset from other investors when the price of the asset is low.


lexentry: eng/accumulation_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accumulation point
trans_list: punkt skupienia
sense:
(topology, "of" a subset of a topological space) Given a subset S of a topological space X, a point x whose every neighborhood contains at least one point distinct from x that belongs to S.


lexentry: eng/accumulation_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accumulation point
trans_list: punkt skupienia
sense:
(analysis, "of" a sequence) Given a sequence si, a point x whose every neighborhood contains at least one element of the sequence distinct from x.


lexentry: eng/accumulation_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: accumulation point
trans_list: punkt skupienia
sense:
(systems theory, dynamical systems, chaos theory) For certain maps, a point beyond which periodic orbits give way to chaotic ones.


lexentry: eng/accumulator__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: accumulator
trans_list: akumulator
sense:
(programming) A register or variable used for holding the intermediate results of a computation or data transfer.


lexentry: eng/accusative__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: accusative
trans_list: biernikowy | biernik
sense:
(grammar) Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin, Lithuanian and Greek nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive verb has its limited influence. Other parts of speech, including secondary or predicate direct objects, will also influence a sentence’s construction. In German the case used for direct objects.


lexentry: eng/accustom__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: accustom
trans_list: przyzwyczaić | przyzwyczajać
sense:
(transitive, often, passive, or, reflexive, with to) To make familiar by use; to cause to accept; to habituate, familiarize, or inure.


lexentry: eng/ace__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ace
trans_list: as
sense:
(card games) A playing card showing a single pip, typically the highest or lowest ranking card in a game.


lexentry: eng/ace__Noun__1
sense_num: 12
written_rep: ace
trans_list: as
sense:
A military aircraft pilot who is credited with shooting down many enemy aircraft, typically five or more.


lexentry: eng/acenaphthene__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acenaphthene
trans_list: acenaften
sense:
(organic compound) A hydrocarbon, found in coal tar, derived from naphthalene by the addition of a short aliphatic bridge.


lexentry: eng/acephalous__Adjective__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: acephalous
trans_list: akefaliczny
sense:
(prosody) Deficient in the beginning, as a line of poetry that is missing its expected opening syllable.


lexentry: eng/acetaldehyde__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetaldehyde
trans_list: acetaldehyd | aldehyd octowy
sense:
(organic compound) A colourless organic compound, CH3CHO, occurring widely in nature and being produced on a large scale in industry.


lexentry: eng/acetaminophen__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetaminophen
trans_list: paracetamol | acetaminofen | apap | tylenol
sense:
(North America) A white crystalline compound used in medicine as an anodyne to relieve pain and reduce fever.


lexentry: eng/acetanilide__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetanilide
trans_list: acetanilid | antyfebryna
sense:
(organic chemistry, pharmaceutical drug) the amide derived from acetic acid and aniline; once used medicinally as an analgesic and antipyretic


lexentry: eng/acetarsol__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetarsol
trans_list: acetarsol
sense:
(organic compound, medicine) The compound (3-acetamido-4-hydroxyphenyl)arsonic acid sometimes used as an antiinfective against the parasite protozoan Entamoeba histolytica


lexentry: eng/acetic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetic acid
trans_list: kwas octowy
sense:
(carboxylic acid, fatty acid) A clear colourless organic acid, CH3COOH, formed by the bacterial oxidation of ethanol through acetic fermentation; it is used as a solvent and has very many industrial applications; it is the major acidic component of vinegar.


lexentry: eng/acetoacetic_acid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetoacetic acid
trans_list: kwas acetylooctowy
sense:
(carboxylic acid) The ketonic carboxylic acid CH3-CO-CH2-COOH, that is present in the urine of people suffering from starvation or some forms of diabetes.


lexentry: eng/acetoin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetoin
trans_list: acetoina | acetylometylokarbinol
sense:
(organic compound) The compound 3-hydroxybutanone CH3-CO-CH(OH)-CH3 that is one of the constituents of the flavour of butter


lexentry: eng/acetonemia__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetonemia
trans_list: acetonemia
sense:
(veterinary medicine) Presence of excessive levels of acetone in blood, sometimes occurring in cows during the first weeks after giving birth to a calf.


lexentry: eng/acetophenone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetophenone
trans_list: acetofenon | acetylobenzen | fenylometyloketon | metylofenyloketon
sense:
(organic compound) The aromatic ketone phenyl methyl ketone, used in the manufacture of very many organic compounds


lexentry: eng/acetylation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetylation
trans_list: acetylowanie | acetylacja
sense:
(organic chemistry) The reaction of a substance with acetic acid or one of its derivatives; the introduction of one or more acetyl groups into a substance.


lexentry: eng/acetylcholine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetylcholine
trans_list: acetylocholina
sense:
(neurotransmitter) A neurotransmitter in humans and other animals. It is an ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH3COOCH2CH2N+(CH3)3.


lexentry: eng/acetylcholinesterase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: acetylcholinesterase
trans_list: acetylocholinoesteraza
sense:
(enzyme) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.


