# translation

lexentry: eng/Grim_Reaper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grim Reaper
trans_list: Faucheuse | Grande Faucheuse | Mort | ange de la mort
sense:
A personification of Death as an old man, or a skeleton, carrying a scythe, taking souls to the afterlife.


lexentry: eng/Grimm's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grimm's law
trans_list: loi de Grimm
sense:
(indo-european studies) A sound change that affected the Proto-Indo-European stop consonants in the development of Proto-Germanic, causing devoicing or change into a fricative.


lexentry: eng/Grimnir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grimnir
trans_list: Grimnir
sense:
(Norse mythology) Odin; specifically, the name adopted by Odin in Grímnismál ("The Lay of Grimnir", also called "Grimnir's Sayings", in the Poetic Edda).


lexentry: eng/Groom_of_the_Stool__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Groom of the Stool
trans_list: porte-coton
sense:
(Britain, monarchy, historical) Originally an official responsible for helping the English monarch use the toilet; later a senior official who was allowed access to the monarch's privy chamber and served as a personal secretary.


lexentry: eng/Grothendieckian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grothendieckian
trans_list: grothendieckien
sense:
Of or relating to Alexander Grothendieck (1928–2014), German-born French mathematician who was instrumental in the creation of modern algebraic geometry.


lexentry: eng/Groundhog_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Groundhog Day
trans_list: jour de la marmotte
sense:
An annual festival held in Canada and the USA on February 2 in which the arrival time of the spring season is predicted by whether or not a certain groundhog can see its shadow.


lexentry: eng/Grover's_algorithm__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grover's algorithm
trans_list: algorithme de Grover
sense:
(comptheory) A quantum algorithm that finds with high probability the unique input to a black-box function that produces a particular output value.


lexentry: eng/Grus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Grus
trans_list: Grue
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a crane. It contains the star Alnair and lies south of the constellation Piscis Austrinus.


lexentry: eng/Gryffindor__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gryffindor
trans_list: Gryffondor
sense:
(sometimes used attributively) A person having traits associated with Gryffindor house from the Harry Potter series, including bravery, boldness, or an affinity for lions or the colours red and gold.


lexentry: eng/Guadeloupe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Guadeloupe
trans_list: Guadeloupe
sense:
An archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, including the island of Guadeloupe.


lexentry: eng/Guam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guam
trans_list: Guam
sense:
An unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the Pacific Ocean. Official name: Territory of Guam.


lexentry: eng/Guaraní__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guaraní
trans_list: guarani
sense:
South-American Indian language of the Tupí-Guaraní family; spoken in Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina.


lexentry: eng/Guelph__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guelph
trans_list: guelfe | Guelfe
sense:
(historical, politics) In the politics of medieval Italian city states, any member of a faction that supported the Pope in a long struggle against the Ghibellines and the Holy Roman Emperor.


lexentry: eng/Guidonian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guidonian
trans_list: guidonien
sense:
Of or relating to Guido of Arezzo (c. 991 – after 1033), Italian music theorist and pedagogue of the medieval era, regarded as the inventor of modern musical staff notation.


lexentry: eng/Guillain-Barré_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guillain-Barré syndrome
trans_list: syndrome de Guillain-Barré
sense:
(neurology, disease) Rapid-onset muscle weakness, often severe and sometimes fatal, resulting from impaired peripheral nervous system function, associated with various viral and other infections.


lexentry: eng/Guinea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guinea
trans_list: Guinée
sense:
(historical) The coastal region of West Africa between Morocco and the Congo, particularly the north shore of the Gulf of Guinea.


lexentry: eng/Guiscard__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guiscard
trans_list: Guiscard
sense:
the sobriquet of Robert de Hauteville, a Norman adventurer remembered for the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily


lexentry: eng/Gulf_Arabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf Arabic
trans_list: arabe du Golfe
sense:
A variety of the Arabic language spoken in Eastern Arabia around the coasts of the Persian Gulf in Kuwait, Iraq, Bahrain, eastern Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Iran and northern Oman.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_Stream__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf Stream
trans_list: Gulf Stream
sense:
The warm ocean current issuing from the Gulf of Mexico, flowing northeastwards along the coast of North America to the Grand Banks where it breaks eastwards across the Atlantic Ocean and helps to maintain warm temperatures along the western coasts of the British Isles.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf War
trans_list: guerre du Golfe
sense:
(history) One of several wars fought at the Persian Gulf in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, principally the one from 1990 to 1991.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Alaska__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Alaska
trans_list: golfe d'Alaska
sense:
An arm of the Pacific Ocean defined by the curve of the southern coast of Alaska, stretching from the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island in the west to the Alexander Archipelago in the east


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Finland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Finland
trans_list: golfe de Finlande
sense:
An arm of the Baltic Sea that separates the European countries of Estonia and Finland. On its eastern end, the Neva at the Russian city of St. Petersburg empties into it.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Riga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Riga
trans_list: golfe de Riga
sense:
The inland body of water that is part of the Baltic Sea in eastern Europe and is near Latvia and Estonia.


lexentry: eng/Gulf_of_Thailand__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gulf of Thailand
trans_list: golfe de Thaïlande | golfe du Siam
sense:
An inland body of water in the Pacific Ocean that is southeast of Southeast Asia below the countries of Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia, and is close to the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia.


lexentry: eng/Gullah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gullah
trans_list: gullah
sense:
A creole of English and various African languages spoken on a group of islands off the coast of the Carolinas and Georgia in the Southern United States.


lexentry: eng/Gummy_Bears__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gummy Bears
trans_list: ours gluant
sense:
A kind of gummy candy, a type of confectionery made from gelatine, in the miniature form of a toy bear.


lexentry: eng/Gunpowder_Plot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gunpowder Plot
trans_list: Conspiration des poudres
sense:
(British, historical) A failed plot, in November 1605, to kill the Protestant king James I of England and VI of Scotland, and to blow up the House of Lords using gunpowder, annually commemorated on Guy Fawkes Day.


lexentry: eng/Gurbantünggüt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gurbantünggüt
trans_list: Dzoosotoyn Elisen | Gurbantunggut
sense:
A desert that occupies a large part of the Junggar Basin in Northern Xinjiang, in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.


lexentry: eng/Guria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guria
trans_list: Gourie
sense:
A region of Georgia, in the western part of the country, bordered by the eastern end of the Black Sea with Ozurgeti as its regional capital.


lexentry: eng/Gutenbergian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gutenbergian
trans_list: gutenbergien
sense:
Of or pertaining to Johannes Gutenberg (c. 1398–1468), inventor of the European technology of printing with movable type.


lexentry: eng/Gutnish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gutnish
trans_list: gotlandais
sense:
The native language of the island of Gotland in present day Sweden, used both as a spoken and written language until late medieval times. Modern Gutnish is increasingly marginalised by Standard Swedish.


lexentry: eng/Guyana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Guyana
trans_list: Guyana
sense:
A country in South America. Official name: Co-operative Republic of Guyana. Capital and largest city: Georgetown.


lexentry: eng/Gypsy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gypsy
trans_list: tsigane | manouche | gitan | gitane
sense:
(sometimes, offensive) A member of the Romani people, or one of the sub-groups (Roma, Sinti, Romanichal, etc).


lexentry: eng/Gödel's_incompleteness_theorem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gödel's incompleteness theorem
trans_list: théorème d'incomplétude de Gödel
sense:
(logic, mathematics) One of two theorems in mathematical logic that demonstrates the inherent limitations of every formal axiomatic system containing basic arithmetic.


lexentry: eng/Gödel_number__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gödel number
trans_list: nombre de Gödel
sense:
(logic) A number uniquely assigned to each symbol, and to each well-formed formula of some formal language.


lexentry: eng/Gülenist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Gülenist
trans_list: güleniste
sense:
(Turkey, politics) A supporter of the social movement led by Turkish Islamic scholar and preacher Fethullah Gülen.


lexentry: eng/H-hour__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: H-hour
trans_list: heure H
sense:
(figuratively) The hour at which any major event planned for the future is set to begin, as used in United States military.


lexentry: eng/HIIT__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: HIIT
trans_list: entraînement fractionné de haute intensité
sense:
(exercise) Initialism of high-intensity interval training: a form of exercise based on short bursts of intense effort, such as sprinting.


lexentry: eng/HMCS__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: HMCS
trans_list: NCSM
sense:
(Canada, nautical, military) Initialism of His (or Her) Majesty's Canadian Ship; ship prefix of the Royal Canadian Navy


lexentry: eng/HSK__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: HSK
trans_list: HSK | Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi | test d'évaluation de chinois
sense:
(education) Initialism of w:Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi, standardized test of Standard Mandarin Chinese proficiency for non-native speakers.


lexentry: eng/HTTP_cookie__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: HTTP cookie
trans_list: cafteur | cookie | témoin
sense:
(Internet) A packet of information sent by a server to a World Wide Web browser and then returned by the browser each time it accesses that server, used to maintain state between otherwise stateless HTTP transactions, for example, to identify the user.


lexentry: eng/Haarlemmermeer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Haarlemmermeer
trans_list: Haarlemmermeer
sense:
A former lake in North Holland, the Netherlands, located between Amsterdam, Leiden and Haarlem, drained between 1849 and 1852.


lexentry: eng/Habakkuk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Habakkuk
trans_list: Habacuc | Habaquq
sense:
(book of the bible) A prophetic book in the Old Testament of the Bible, one of the minor prophets; or the eighth part of the Tere Asar in the Jewish Tanakh.


lexentry: eng/Hadean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hadean
trans_list: Hadéen
sense:
(geology) The Hadean eon; part of the Precambrian supereon, spanning from around 4.6 to 4 billion years ago.


lexentry: eng/Hades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hades
trans_list: Hadès
sense:
(Greek god) The god of the underworld and ruler of the dead, son of Cronus and Rhea, brother of Zeus and Poseidon.


lexentry: eng/Haemus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Haemus
trans_list: Hémos
sense:
(Greek mythology) a king of Thrace, the son of Boreas, who was vain and haughty and compared himself and his wife to Zeus and Hera


lexentry: eng/Hagia_Sophia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hagia Sophia
trans_list: Sainte-Sophie
sense:
A mosque in Istanbul, Turkey, (historical) the former patriarchal church of Greek Orthodoxy, operated as a museum 1935–2020.


lexentry: eng/Hainanese_chicken_rice__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hainanese chicken rice
trans_list: riz au poulet hainanais
sense:
A dish of poached chicken and seasoned rice, served with chili sauce and usually cucumber garnishes; a national dish of Singapore.


lexentry: eng/Haitian_Creole__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Haitian Creole
trans_list: créole haïtien | haïtien
sense:
A language spoken in Haiti; developed first as a creole based on French and several West African languages.


lexentry: eng/Hakka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hakka
trans_list: hakka
sense:
A Chinese language mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of mainland China (Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi), Taiwan, Hong Kong, and by the Chinese minorities in Southeast Asia.


lexentry: eng/Halkomelem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Halkomelem
trans_list: halkomelem
sense:
A Central Salishan language spoken on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, by the Musqueam Indian Band, and closely related to Squamish (Sḵwx̱wú7mesh snichim).


lexentry: eng/Halloween__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Halloween
trans_list: Halloween
sense:
The eve of All Hallows' Day; October 31st; celebrated (mostly in English-speaking countries) by children going door-to-door in costume and soliciting candy with menaces.


lexentry: eng/Hamas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hamas
trans_list: Hamas
sense:
A militant Palestinianist and Sunni Muslim movement that presses for an independent, Palestinian Islamic state and the Palestinian right of return.


lexentry: eng/Hamlet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hamlet
trans_list: Hamlet
sense:
The eponymous main character of William Shakespeare's play, whose father's ghost, murdered by Hamlet's uncle, exhorts him to seek revenge.


lexentry: eng/Hamletian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hamletian
trans_list: hamlétien
sense:
Of or pertaining to William Shakespeare's play Hamlet (circa 1600), with themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption.


lexentry: eng/Hammersmith__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hammersmith
trans_list: Hammersmith
sense:
A town in west London, in the borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, Greater London, England (OS grid ref TQ2378).


lexentry: eng/Hampshire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hampshire
trans_list: Hampshire
sense:
A maritime county in the south of England, United Kingdom bordered by Berkshire, Surrey, West Sussex, Dorset, Wiltshire, the English Channel and the Solent separating it from the Isle of Wight; the county town is Winchester.


lexentry: eng/Han__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Han
trans_list: Dynastie Han
sense:
An imperial Chinese dynasty, ruling (with interruptions) from 206 BC to AD 220, marked by the expansion of the Yellow River's Huaxia culture to the recent conquests of the Qin and a flowering of economic, literary, and scientific development


lexentry: eng/Hannibal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hannibal
trans_list: Annibal | Hannibal
sense:
A en given name of mostly historical use. Most notably borne by the Carthaginian general Hannibal, son of Hamilcar.


lexentry: eng/Hansard__Noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hansard
trans_list: Hansard
sense:
(chiefly, Britain, Commonwealth) The official report of debates and other proceedings in the British and some Commonwealth parliaments.


lexentry: eng/Hanse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hanse
trans_list: Hanse
sense:
(historical) A merchant guild, particularly the Fellowship of London Merchants (the "Old Hanse") given a monopoly on London's foreign trade by the Normans or its successor, the Company of Merchant Adventurers (the "New Hanse"), incorporated in 1497 and chartered under Henry VII and Elizabeth I.


lexentry: eng/Hanseatic_League__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hanseatic League
trans_list: Hanse | Ligue hanséatique
sense:
(historical) The commercial and military alliance of Low German merchant guilds and privileged market towns which dominated trade along the coasts of northern Europe from the mid-12th to mid-17th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Hansel_and_Gretel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hansel and Gretel
trans_list: Hansel et Gretel | Jeannot et Margot
sense:
A German fairy tale, recorded by the Brothers Grimm and published in 1812, about the siblings named Hansel and Gretel who are threatened by a cannibalistic witch who lives in a house made of cake and bread.


lexentry: eng/Hanukkah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hanukkah
trans_list: Hanoukka | Hanoucca
sense:
(Judaism) An eight-day Jewish festival, starting on the 25th day of Kislev, which commemorates the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem after the victory of the Maccabees over the Greek Syrians.


lexentry: eng/Haratin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Haratin
trans_list: Haratine
sense:
A member of a group of dark-skinned African people in Maghreb and Western part of Sahara (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya), who often form a distinct social class.


lexentry: eng/Harvard__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Harvard
trans_list: Harvard
sense:
A university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, named after John Harvard, American clergyman and philanthropist.


lexentry: eng/Harvest_Festival__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Harvest Festival
trans_list: fête d'action de grâce pour les récoltes
sense:
(UK) church festival celebrating the harvest, held at the end of September or the beginning of October


lexentry: eng/Harvey__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: Harvey
trans_list: Hervé
sense:
The Shire of Harvey, a local government area in this area of Western Australia, which includes the town.


lexentry: eng/Harz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Harz
trans_list: Harz
sense:
A mountain range in central Germany; its rugged terrain extends across parts of in Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.


lexentry: eng/Hasdrubal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hasdrubal
trans_list: Hasdrubal
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Hasdrubal Barca and several other Carthaginians


lexentry: eng/Hashemite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hashemite
trans_list: hachémite
sense:
One who lays claim to being a direct descendant of Hashim, the great grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.


lexentry: eng/Haskell__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Haskell
trans_list: Haskell
sense:
(programming language) A general-purpose purely functional programming language with support for recursive functions and pattern matching.


lexentry: eng/Hasmonean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hasmonean
trans_list: hasmonéen
sense:
(historical) Of or relating to the patriotic Jewish family to which the Maccabees belonged; Maccabean.


lexentry: eng/Hassaniya__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hassaniya
trans_list: hassaniya
sense:
A group of Arabic dialects spoken primarily in Mauritania, a portion of southern Morocco, and Western Sahara.


lexentry: eng/Hathor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hathor
trans_list: Hathor
sense:
(Egyptian god) The goddess of joy, love, and motherhood; one of the "Eyes / Daughters of Ra", the consort of Ra/Horus; often depicted as having a cow's head.


lexentry: eng/Haumea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Haumea
trans_list: Hauméa
sense:
A dwarf planet with two known moons orbiting in the Kuiper belt, roughly one-third the mass of Pluto


lexentry: eng/Hausdorff_dimension__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hausdorff dimension
trans_list: dimension de Hausdorff
sense:
(analysis) A type of fractal dimension, a real-valued measure of a geometric object that assigns 1 to a line segment, 2 to a square and 3 to a cube. Formally, given a metric space X and a subset of X labeled S, the Hausdorff dimension of S is the infimum of all real-valued d for which the d-dimensional Hausdorff content of S is zero.


lexentry: eng/Haussmannian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Haussmannian
trans_list: haussmannien
sense:
Of or relating to Georges-Eugène Haussmann (1809–1891), French civic planner involved in the extravagant rebuilding of Paris in the 1860s.


lexentry: eng/Hauts-de-France__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hauts-de-France
trans_list: Hauts-de-France
sense:
An administrative region of France, created in 2016 by the merger of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy.


lexentry: eng/Hawaii__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Hawaii
trans_list: Hawaï | Hawaii | les îles Hawaï
sense:
(specifically) An island in Hawaii archipelago, Pacific Ocean, of Hawaii County, State of Hawaii, United States. The largest of the Hawaiian Islands.


lexentry: eng/Hawaiian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hawaiian
trans_list: Hawaïen | Hawaiien | Hawaiienne | Hawaïenne
sense:
(countable, nonstandard, proscribed) A native or resident of the state of Hawaii in the United States of America.


lexentry: eng/Hayashi_limit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hayashi limit
trans_list: limite de Hayashi
sense:
(astrophysics) A theoretical maximum radius of a star of given mass; the radius at which the inward force of gravity exactly balances the outward pressure of the gas of the star.


lexentry: eng/Headless_Horseman__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Headless Horseman
trans_list: cavalier sans tête
sense:
A mythical figure who has appeared in folklore around the world since the Middle Ages, who is traditionally depicted as a man upon horseback who is missing his head.


lexentry: eng/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heard Island and McDonald Islands
trans_list: îles Heard-et-MacDonald
sense:
An Australian external territory and volcanic group of uninhabited Antarctic islands, between Madagascar and Antarctica.


lexentry: eng/Hebe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hebe
trans_list: Hébé
sense:
(Greek god) The goddess of youth, and a daughter of Zeus and Hera. Her Roman counterpart is Juventas.


lexentry: eng/Hebrew__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hebrew
trans_list: Hébreu | Hébreuse
sense:
(countable) A member or descendant of a Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.


lexentry: eng/Hecate__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hecate
trans_list: Hécate
sense:
The powerful goddess, in Greek mythology, of magic, crossroads, fire, light, the moon, and the underworld. Her Roman counterpart is Trivia.


lexentry: eng/Hecatoncheires__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hecatoncheires
trans_list: Hécatonchires
sense:
(Greek mythology) Three monstrous giants of enormous size and strength, each with fifty heads and one hundred arms, who were offspring of Uranus by Gaia, whom Zeus freed from captivity and who in return aided the Olympians in the Titanomachy.


lexentry: eng/Hedone__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hedone
trans_list: Hédoné
sense:
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of sensual pleasures. She is the daughter of Eros/Cupid and Psyche, and the grandaughter of Aphrodite/Venus and Ares/Mars. Her Roman counterpart is Voluptas.


lexentry: eng/Hegelian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hegelian
trans_list: hégélien | hegelien | hegélien | hégelien
sense:
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the philosophical system of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831).


lexentry: eng/Heisenberg_uncertainty_principle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heisenberg uncertainty principle
trans_list: principe d'incertitude d'Heisenberg
sense:
(physics, quantum mechanics) The principle that there is an absolute limit on the combined accuracy of certain pairs of simultaneous, related measurements, especially that of the position and momentum of a particle. Originally posited as a problem of measurement, it was soon refined as an inherent property of the universe.


lexentry: eng/Hejaz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hejaz
trans_list: Hedjaz
sense:
The mountainous area of northwest Saudi Arabia which gave rise to early Islam and which contains the sites of many holy places.


lexentry: eng/Hejaz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hejaz
trans_list: Hedjaz
sense:
An independent kingdom in the area between 1924 and 1932, when it merged with Najd to form the present Saudi Arabia.


lexentry: eng/Hel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hel
trans_list: Hel
sense:
(religion, Norse mythology) The goddess of the realm of the unheroic dead, a daughter of Loki by the jotun Angrboða.


lexentry: eng/Helen__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helen
trans_list: Hélène
sense:
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Zeus and Leda, considered to be the most beautiful woman in the world; her abduction by Paris brought about the Trojan War.


lexentry: eng/Helenus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helenus
trans_list: Hélénos
sense:
(Greek mythology) the son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy, the twin brother of the prophetess Cassandra.


lexentry: eng/Heliogabalus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heliogabalus
trans_list: Héliogabale
sense:
Synonym of Elagabalus (“Roman emperor, noted for decadence, eccentricity, femininity, and disregard for Roman religious traditions and sexual taboos”).


lexentry: eng/Heliopolis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heliopolis
trans_list: Héliopolis
sense:
(historical) The ancient capital of the 13th nome of Lower Egypt, located in the northern suburbs of modern Cairo, Egypt; known in Ancient Egyptian as Iunu and in later Coptic as On.


lexentry: eng/Helios__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helios
trans_list: Hélios
sense:
(Greek god) The god of the Sun; son of Hyperion and Theia, brother of Selene and Eos, father of Phaeton amongst others. His Roman counterpart is Sol.


lexentry: eng/Hellenic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hellenic
trans_list: hellénique
sense:
The Greek language and its dialects from the earliest records (Linear B inscriptions, about 1600-1300 B.C.E.) to the present Modern Greek.


lexentry: eng/Hellenism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hellenism
trans_list: hellénisme
sense:
Any of the characteristics of ancient Greek culture, civilization, principles and ideals, including humanism, reason, the pursuit of knowledge and the arts, moderation and civic responsibility.


lexentry: eng/Hellenist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hellenist
trans_list: helléniste
sense:
A specialist in the study of Greek language, literature, culture, or history, or an admirer of the Greek culture and civilization.


lexentry: eng/Hellenistic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hellenistic
trans_list: hellénistique
sense:
Of or relating to the period of the Greek culture, history, or art after the death of Alexander the Great (323 B.C.) to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian (31 B.C.) – though this end-point is often debated, and can range from 146BC to 330AD [*].


lexentry: eng/Helvétius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Helvétius
trans_list: Helvétius
sense:
A surname from French, notably borne by Claude Adrien Helvétius, a French philosopher and littérateur


lexentry: eng/Hephaestus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hephaestus
trans_list: Héphaïstos
sense:
(Greek god) The god of fire, smithwork, metallurgy, volcanoes, and artisans, who served as blacksmith of the gods. His Roman counterpart is Vulcan.


lexentry: eng/Hera__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hera
trans_list: Héra
sense:
(Greek god) The queen of the gods, and goddess of marriage and birth; daughter of Cronus and Rhea, sister and wife of Zeus, mother of Hephaestus, Ares, Hebe, and Enyo.


lexentry: eng/Heracles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heracles
trans_list: Héraclès
sense:
(Greek mythology) : Son of Zeus and Alcmene, a celebrated hero who possessed exceptional strength. Most famous for his 12 labours performed to redeem himself after killing his family.


lexentry: eng/Heraclitus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Heraclitus
trans_list: Héraclite
sense:
An Ancient Greek en given name, notably borne by Heraclitus of Ephesus, a pre-Socratic Ionian philosopher


lexentry: eng/Herculaneum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herculaneum
trans_list: Herculanum
sense:
(historical) A city in Italy which was entirely destroyed by the same eruption of Vesuvius that also turned Pompeii into a ruin


lexentry: eng/Hercules__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hercules
trans_list: Hercule
sense:
(Roman mythology) The Roman name for the Greek divine hero Heracles, who was the son of Jupiter and Alcmene, a celebrated hero who possessed exceptional strength. Most famous for his 12 labours performed to redeem himself after killing his family.


lexentry: eng/Hercules__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hercules
trans_list: Hercule
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the mythical hero. It lies between the constellations Lyra and Corona Borealis.


lexentry: eng/Hereford__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hereford
trans_list: Hereford
sense:
A city and civil parish (with a city council) in and the county town of Herefordshire, England (OS grid ref SO5140).


lexentry: eng/Hereford__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hereford
trans_list: Hereford
sense:
A city, the county seat of Deaf Smith County, Texas, United States, named for Hereford cattle raised there.


lexentry: eng/Herero__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herero
trans_list: héréro
sense:
A member of a people belonging to the Bantu group, with about 240,000 members today mostly in Namibia, Angola, and Botswana.


lexentry: eng/Hermes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hermes
trans_list: Hermès
sense:
(Greek god) The herald and messenger of the gods, and the god of roads, commerce, invention, cunning, and theft.


lexentry: eng/Herod__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herod
trans_list: Hérode
sense:
The name of any of a number of members of the Herodian dynasty who ruled in the Roman province of Judea, most notably Herod the Great, who ordered the Massacre of the Innocents, or Herod Antipas, his son, who met Jesus during his Passion.


lexentry: eng/Herostratus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herostratus
trans_list: Érostrate
sense:
an Ancient Greek arsonist who destroyed the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, in order to become famous


lexentry: eng/Hertzsprung-Russell_diagram__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
trans_list: diagramme de Hertzsprung-Russell
sense:
(astronomy) A graphic representation of the absolute magnitude of stars against their color (or surface temperature), which shows the main sequence of stars plus the white dwarfs and red giants.


lexentry: eng/Herzeg-Bosnia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Herzeg-Bosnia
trans_list: Herzég-Bosnie
sense:
A short-lived, unrecognized political entity that existed during the Bosnian war, consisting of the Croat communities of Bosnia.


lexentry: eng/Herzegovina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Herzegovina
trans_list: Herzégovine
sense:
The southern wedge of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, representing a geographic and historic entity, and not an administrative unit.


lexentry: eng/Hesiod__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hesiod
trans_list: Hésiode
sense:
Ancient Greek poet and rhapsodist of the 8th century BCE, known as the first author of didactic verse


lexentry: eng/Hesperia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hesperia
trans_list: Hespérie
sense:
Literally "western land", a term poetically applied by Ancient Greeks to Italy and by Romans to the Iberian Peninsula and Western Africa.


lexentry: eng/Hesperides__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hesperides
trans_list: Hespérides
sense:
(Greek mythology) A group of nymphs who tend a blissful garden filled with trees that grew golden apples in a far western corner of the world, located in Libya or the Atlas Mountains in North Africa at the edge of the encircling Oceanus; they are said to be the daughters of Hesperus.


lexentry: eng/Hethumid__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hethumid
trans_list: héthoumide
sense:
Of or pertaining to the Hethumids: an Armenian dynasty who ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia as princes and kings.


lexentry: eng/Hettangian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hettangian
trans_list: Hettangien
sense:
The corresponding lowest stage of the Jurassic system, marked by the lowest strata in which the neoammonite genus Psiloceras appears.


lexentry: eng/Hezbollah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hezbollah
trans_list: Hezbollah
sense:
A political and military Shi'a Islamic organization that arose after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982.


lexentry: eng/Higgs_boson__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Higgs boson
trans_list: boson de Higgs
sense:
(particle) An elementary particle in the Standard Model, namely a boson with zero spin, that gives mass to other particles.


lexentry: eng/High_Mass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: High Mass
trans_list: grand-messe
sense:
A Roman Catholic or Anglo-Catholic Mass celebrated in full ceremonial form, in which the celebrant is generally assisted by a deacon and, in the Tridentine form, a subdeacon, and accompanied by acolytes, a thurifer, and a choir.


lexentry: eng/High_Middle_Ages__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: High Middle Ages
trans_list: Moyen Âge central
sense:
(history) The period of European history, between the Early Middle Ages and the Late Middle Ages, that saw great social and political change, c. 1000 to 1300 CE.


lexentry: eng/Highway_Code__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Highway Code
trans_list: code de la route
sense:
The official road safety manual for the United Kingdom, covering pedestrians, animals, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers.


lexentry: eng/Hijra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hijra
trans_list: hégire
sense:
The flight of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later Medina) in 622 ce, which forms the first year of the Islamic era (ah 1).


lexentry: eng/Hilbert_space__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hilbert space
trans_list: espace de Hilbert
sense:
(functional analysis) A generalized Euclidean space in which mathematical functions take the place of points; crucial to the understanding of quantum mechanics and other applications.


lexentry: eng/Himalayan_salt__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Himalayan salt
trans_list: sel de l'Himalaya
sense:
A form of rock salt from the Punjab region, sometimes pinkish in colour, used for seasoning food and for making decorative lamps etc.


lexentry: eng/Himalayas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Himalayas
trans_list: Himalaya
sense:
The mountain range in south-central Asia which extends about 2,414 km (1,500 mi) through Kashmir, northern India, southern Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Assam; it contains nine of the world’s ten highest peaks, including Mount Everest/Qomolongma.


lexentry: eng/Himeros__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Himeros
trans_list: Himéros
sense:
(Greek mythology) The Greek god of uncontrollable desire, often depicted as a winged child attendant to Aphrodite.


lexentry: eng/Hindi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hindi
trans_list: hindî | hindi
sense:
The Central Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. These are also spoken in Fiji, Guyana and as a second language by Indians in many other countries.


lexentry: eng/Hinduism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hinduism
trans_list: hindouisme | indouisme
sense:
A religion, philosophy and culture native to India, characterized by the belief in reincarnation and a supreme oneness personified in many forms and natures.


lexentry: eng/Hindustani__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hindustani
trans_list: hindoustani
sense:
The pluricentric language of Hindi-Urdu, of which Hindi and Urdu are literary standards; the language from which Hindi and Urdu are derived.


lexentry: eng/Hippocrates__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hippocrates
trans_list: Hippocrate
sense:
An Ancient Greek en given name, notably borne by Hippocrates of Cos, an Ancient Greek physician, circa 5th century BC, sometimes called the "father of medicine."


lexentry: eng/Hippocratic_oath__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hippocratic oath
trans_list: serment d'Hippocrate
sense:
(medicine) An oath sworn by newly-qualified physicians that they will observe the medical ethics that derived from Hippocrates.


lexentry: eng/Hippocrene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hippocrene
trans_list: Hippocrène
sense:
(Greek mythology) A fountain on Mount Helicon, sacred to the Muses and formed by the hooves of Pegasus, the waters of which were supposed to give poetic inspiration when imbibed.


lexentry: eng/Hirschsprung's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hirschsprung's disease
trans_list: maladie de Hirschsprung
sense:
(medicine) Congenital aganglionic megacolon, a disorder in which the bowel is obstructed by an aganglionic section of bowel and the colon becomes enlarged.


lexentry: eng/Hispaniola__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hispaniola
trans_list: Hispaniola
sense:
An island in the Caribbean, divided politically into the independent nations of Haiti and the Dominican Republic.


lexentry: eng/Hispaniolan_crossbill__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hispaniolan crossbill
trans_list: bec-croisé d'Hispaniola
sense:
Loxia megaplaga, a crossbill that is endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic), and the only one of its genus in the Caribbean.


lexentry: eng/Hitchcockesque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hitchcockesque
trans_list: hitchcockesque
sense:
Reminiscent of the style of Alfred Hitchcock (1899-1980), British filmmaker and producer; suspenseful; of the nature of a psychological thriller.


lexentry: eng/Hitchcockian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hitchcockian
trans_list: hitchcockien
sense:
Of or pertaining to Alfred Hitchcock (1899–1980), British filmmaker and producer, or his works, especially noted for suspense and psychothrillers.


lexentry: eng/Hitler__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hitler
trans_list: Hitler
sense:
Ellipsis of w:Adolf Hitler; Führer of the Nazi Party and chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945; particularly as the embodiment of Nazism.


lexentry: eng/Hittite__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Hittite
trans_list: hittite
sense:
Of or relating to the Hittite Kingdom, located in central Anatolia (modern Turkey), that flourished from about 1800 to 1400 B.C.E..


lexentry: eng/Hittite__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hittite
trans_list: hittite
sense:
An ancient Indo-European language of the Anatolian branch, attested from the 16th century BC until the 13th century BC.


lexentry: eng/Hmong__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hmong
trans_list: hmong
sense:
A people who live predominantly in the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand, and (in diaspora) around the world.


lexentry: eng/Hoabinhian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hoabinhian
trans_list: hoabianien
sense:
(archaeology) Of, relating to, or exhibiting the features of the prehistoric Hòa Bình culture of Southeast Asia, characterised by certain types of stone artifact.


lexentry: eng/Hodgkin's_lymphoma__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hodgkin's lymphoma
trans_list: Lymphome de Hodgkin
sense:
(disease, oncology) A malignant lymphoid neoplasm characterized by the formation of large tumour cells (Reed-Sternberg cells) in the lymph nodes.


lexentry: eng/Hofstadter's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hofstadter's law
trans_list: loi de Hofstadter
sense:
The self-referential adage that a task always takes longer than expected, even when Hofstadter's law is taken into account.


lexentry: eng/Hogwarts__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hogwarts
trans_list: Poudlard
sense:
Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a school for learning magic in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series.


lexentry: eng/Holi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holi
trans_list: Holî
sense:
A Hindu festival, held in the spring, in which people throw coloured powders at each other during noisy street celebrations.


lexentry: eng/Holiness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holiness
trans_list: sainteté
sense:
(countable) Used in connection with His or Your to address the leader of some religious traditions, notably the pope.


lexentry: eng/Holland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holland
trans_list: Hollande
sense:
A traditional region in the Netherlands formed by two modern provinces, North Holland and South Holland.


lexentry: eng/Holmesian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holmesian
trans_list: holmesien
sense:
Of or pertaining to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes or his investigations, methods, or sayings.


lexentry: eng/Holmesian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holmesian
trans_list: holmesien
sense:
A fan of the character Sherlock Holmes; one who studies or enjoys the Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.


lexentry: eng/Holocaust__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holocaust
trans_list: Shoah
sense:
(historical, narrowly) The systematic mass murder (genocide) of six million Jews perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.


lexentry: eng/Holocaust__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Holocaust
trans_list: Shoah
sense:
(historical, broadly) The systematic mass murder (democide) of somewhere between eleven and fourteen million people, namely six million Jews and from five to eight million others (including Romanis, Slavs, homosexuals, and people with physical and mental disabilities), perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.


lexentry: eng/Holocene__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holocene
trans_list: holocène
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Quaternary period from about the year 10 000 BC to the present; the age of man.


lexentry: eng/Holodomor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Holodomor
trans_list: Holodomor
sense:
(historical, rare) А famine with mass deaths, especially one of the Soviet famines in 1921–22, 1932–33, or 1946–47.


lexentry: eng/Holofernes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holofernes
trans_list: Holopherne
sense:
a character in the deuterocanonical Book of Judith, an invading general of Nebuchadnezzar, beheaded by Judith.


lexentry: eng/Holstein__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holstein
trans_list: Holstein
sense:
The region between the rivers Elbe and Eider, to the south of Schleswig, part of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Communion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Communion
trans_list: eucharistie
sense:
A Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper of Christ, with the physical forms of bread and usually wine which are believed by certain denominations to become Christ himself or to host his spiritual presence.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Grail__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Grail
trans_list: Saint-Graal | Graal
sense:
(Arthurian mythology) An artifact in Arthurian mythology, being the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper and in which some of his blood was caught during the crucifixion.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Land__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Land
trans_list: Terre Sainte
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) That part of the Middle East, consisting mostly of Israel and Palestine, in which most Biblical events are set.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Prepuce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Prepuce
trans_list: saint Prépuce
sense:
Any of several sacred or holy foreskins (Latin sānctum praepūtium) allegedly from the circumcision of the baby Jesus on the eighth day of his life.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Roman_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Roman Empire
trans_list: Saint-Empire romain de la nation germanique | Saint-Empire romain germanique
sense:
(history) A political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe from at least 962 C.E. until 1806. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Holy_See__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy See
trans_list: Saint-Siège
sense:
The episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent see of the Catholic Church. It is also the sovereign entity headed by the Pope which governs the Vatican and represents the Catholic Church in temporal affairs.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Spirit__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Spirit
trans_list: Saint-Esprit | Esprit-Saint
sense:
(Christianity) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence present in the faithful (particularly inspired prophets) and considered to proceed either from (Eastern Orthodoxy) God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.


lexentry: eng/Holy_Week__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Holy Week
trans_list: semaine sainte
sense:
The week preceding Easter containing Palm Sunday, Holy Monday, Holy Tuesday, Holy Wednesday (Spy Wednesday), Holy Thursday (Maundy Thursday), Holy Friday (Good Friday), and Holy Saturday.


lexentry: eng/Home_Office__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Home Office
trans_list: bureau de l'Intérieur
sense:
(British, UK politics) The British government department, headed by the Home Secretary, responsible for security and law enforcement in England and Wales.


lexentry: eng/Homocaust__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Homocaust
trans_list: homocaust
sense:
(rare) The persecution of homosexuals which occurred in Nazi Germany, when seen as constituting systematic destruction of them.


lexentry: eng/Hong_Kong__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hong Kong
trans_list: Hong Kong | Hongkong | Xianggang
sense:
A city in southeastern China, located on an island east of the Pearl River delta in the South China Sea; formerly owned by the United Kingdom.


lexentry: eng/Hooke's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hooke's law
trans_list: loi de Hooke
sense:
(physics) the principle that the stress applied to a solid is directly proportional to the strain produced. This law describes the behavior of springs and solids stressed within their elastic limit.


lexentry: eng/Horned_God__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Horned God
trans_list: dieu cornu
sense:
(Wicca) The second major supernatural figure in the Wiccan religion, a triune god equal to the Goddess, split into the aspects of the Father, Master, and the Sage.


lexentry: eng/Horologium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Horologium
trans_list: Horloge
sense:
(astronomy) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a pendulum clock. It lies between the constellations Fornax and Dorado.


lexentry: eng/Hostomel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hostomel
trans_list: Hostomel
sense:
A rural settlement, the administrative centre of the settlement hromada of the same name of Bucha Raion, Kyiv Oblast, the Ukraine, first mentioned in 1494, designated a hero city on the 6th of March 2022.


lexentry: eng/House_of_Representatives__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: House of Representatives
trans_list: Chambre des représentants
sense:
The lower house in the bicameral legislatures of several countries; also some singular legislative bodies in unicameral systems.


lexentry: eng/Hubble_constant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hubble constant
trans_list: loi de Hubble
sense:
(astronomy) A number that expresses the rate of expansion of the universe; the velocity at which a distant object is receding from the Earth divided by its distance; its reciprocal determines the age of the universe.


lexentry: eng/Hudson_Bay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hudson Bay
trans_list: baie d'Hudson
sense:
A gulf of Nunavut, Canada, a southern extension of the Arctic Ocean. A large arctic sea, surrounded on three sides, by Quebec on the east, Nunavut to the west, Manitoba to the southwest, Ontario on the south, and extending southeast becoming James Bay. To the north lies the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Hudsonian_godwit__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hudsonian godwit
trans_list: barge hudsonienne
sense:
An American wader, Limosa haemastica, gathering on the shores of Hudson Bay to migrate to South America each autumn.


lexentry: eng/Hufflepuff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hufflepuff
trans_list: Poufsouffle
sense:
A person having traits associated with Hufflepuff house from the Harry Potter series, including patience, justice, and loyalty or an affinity for badgers or the colours yellow and black.


lexentry: eng/Human_Genome_Project__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Human Genome Project
trans_list: projet génome humain
sense:
(genetics) An organized international scientific endeavour to determine the complete structure of human genetic material (DNA), identify all the genes, and to understand their function.


lexentry: eng/Hungarian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hungarian
trans_list: hongrois
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to the Kingdom of Hungary, during the days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of ethnicity.


lexentry: eng/Hungarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hungarian
trans_list: Hongrois | Hongroise | hongrois
sense:
A person from the former Kingdom of Hungary, during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of that person's ethnicity.


lexentry: eng/Hungarian_notation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hungarian notation
trans_list: notation hongroise
sense:
(computing, programming) A naming convention in which the name of a variable indicates its data type and intended use by including abbreviations as prefixes.


lexentry: eng/Hungarism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hungarism
trans_list: hungarisme
sense:
(chiefly, historical) The fascist ideology of the Nazi-aligned Arrow Cross Party, which ruled Hungary from 1944 to 1945, and of its predecessors and subsequent far-right supporters.


lexentry: eng/Hungary_water__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hungary water
trans_list: eau de la Reine de Hongrie
sense:
(historical) One of various early modern perfumes and elixirs made of rosemary, camomile or later lavender infused in various alcohols.


lexentry: eng/Huntington's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Huntington's disease
trans_list: maladie de Huntington
sense:
(disease, neurology) A hereditary disorder of the basal ganglia that leads to progressive loss of motor coordination.


lexentry: eng/Hurler_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hurler syndrome
trans_list: maladie
sense:
(pathology, disease) A genetic disorder that results in the buildup of glycosaminoglycans due to a deficiency of alpha-L iduronidase.


lexentry: eng/Hurrian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hurrian
trans_list: Hourrite
sense:
(historical) A member of an ancient people who lived in northern Mesopotamia and created a powerful kingdom called Mitanni in the 16th-13th century BC.


lexentry: eng/Hussitism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hussitism
trans_list: hussitisme
sense:
(Christianity, historical) A religious reform and nationalistic movement of the Bohemian Reformation, based on the teachings of Jan Hus.


lexentry: eng/Hyacinthus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hyacinthus
trans_list: Hyacinthe
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Spartan youth loved and accidentally killed by Apollo. The flower hyacinth sprang from his blood.


lexentry: eng/Hydra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hydra
trans_list: Hydre de Lerne
sense:
(Greek mythology) A mythological serpent with many heads, slain by Hercules as one of his twelve labours.


lexentry: eng/Hydra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hydra
trans_list: Hydre
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a serpent. It lies just south of the zodiac and contains the star Alphard.


lexentry: eng/Hydrus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hydrus
trans_list: Hydre mâle
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a small serpent. It lies between the constellations Mensa and Tucana. It is not to be confused with the constellation Hydra.


lexentry: eng/Hygiea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hygiea
trans_list: Hygie
sense:
(Greek god) Ancient Greek goddess of health, cleanliness, and sanitation. Her Roman name is Hygēa/Hygīa or Salus.


lexentry: eng/Hygieia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hygieia
trans_list: Hygie
sense:
(Greek deities) The goddess and personification of health and healthiness, a daughter of Asclepius and Epione.


lexentry: eng/Hypatia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Hypatia
trans_list: Hypatie
sense:
(historical) Hypatia of Alexandria (born c. AD 350–370; died 415), an Ancient Greek mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher, and head of the Neoplatonic school at Alexandria.


lexentry: eng/Hypnos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hypnos
trans_list: Hypnos
sense:
(Greek god) The god and personification of sleep. The son of Nyx and Erebus, twin brother of Thanatos, husband of Pasithea, and the father of the Oneiroi. His Roman counterpart is Somnus.


lexentry: eng/Hypsipyle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hypsipyle
trans_list: Hypsipyle
sense:
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Thoas and Myrina, queen of Lemnos at the time of the curse by Aphrodite, the island’s subsequent androcide, and the Argonauts’ two-year sojourn on the island, during which time she bore Jason twin sons.


lexentry: eng/Hérault__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Hérault
trans_list: Hérault
sense:
One of the départements in Occitanie, France (the department was named after the river). Capital: Montpellier (INSEE code 34).


lexentry: eng/Höðr__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Höðr
trans_list: Höd
sense:
(Norse mythology) The blind son of the Norse gods Odin and Frigg, whom Loki tricked into shooting Baldur with a mistletoe arrow.


lexentry: eng/I'll_be_damned__Interjection__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: I'll be damned
trans_list: Dieu me damne | que je sois maudit | que je sois pendu
sense:
(sometimes considered, vulgar, idiom) A vehement asseveration that one will not permit some specified thing to happen.


lexentry: eng/I'll_call_the_police__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I'll call the police
trans_list: je vais appeler la police
sense:
Indicates that the speaker is going to call the police, presumably to counter actions from the interlocutor.


lexentry: eng/I'm_hot__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I'm hot
trans_list: avoir chaud
sense:
Indicates that the speaker is hot (i.e. feeling the sensation of heat, especially to the point of discomfort)


lexentry: eng/I'm_in_love_with_you__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: A declaration of passion or romantic feeling.
written_rep: I'm in love with you
trans_list:
je suis amoureuse de toi | je suis amoureuse de vous | je suis amoureux de toi | je suis amoureux de vous


lexentry: eng/I'm_not_religious__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Indicates that the speaker is a not a follower of any religious doctrines.
written_rep: I'm not religious
trans_list:
je ne suis pas croyant | je ne suis pas croyante | je ne suis pas religieuse | je ne suis pas religieux


lexentry: eng/I'm_sorry__Phrase__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: I'm sorry
trans_list: pardon | désolé | excuser | je suis désolé | je suis désolée
sense:
(with an upward inflection) Indicates that the speaker is confused or requests information to be repeated; come again?, say again?, I beg your pardon?; see also Thesaurus:say again


lexentry: eng/ICAO__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ICAO
trans_list: OACI
sense:
Acronym of w:International Civil Aviation Organization; a United Nations agency headquartered in Montreal, Canada.


lexentry: eng/ILO__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ILO
trans_list: OIT
sense:
Initialism of International Labour Organization, a specialised agency of the United Nations to deal with labour issues. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.


lexentry: eng/IOC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: IOC
trans_list: CIO
sense:
(ornithology) Initialism of International Ornithological Committee. (now known as International Ornithologists' Union)


lexentry: eng/IPCC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: IPCC
trans_list: GIEC
sense:
(climate change, UN) Initialism of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: an intergovernmental body of the United Nations, established in 1988, aiming to advance scientific knowledge about climate change caused by human activities.


lexentry: eng/IP_address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: IP address
trans_list: adresse IP
sense:
(Internet) A number assigned to each computer's or other device's network interface, which are active on a network. supporting the Internet Protocol, in order to distinguish each network interface, and hence each networked device) from every other network interface anywhere on the network.


lexentry: eng/ISIS__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: ISIS
trans_list: Daech | EIIL
sense:
A Salafist group active in Libya, Nigeria, Iraq and Syria, where it has proclaimed an (unrecognized) state. [from 2013]


lexentry: eng/ISP__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: ISP
trans_list: fournisseur d'accès à internet
sense:
(Internet) Initialism of internet service provider. (a company that provides Internet access for a fee)


lexentry: eng/I_Ching__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I Ching
trans_list: Yi-King
sense:
A Chinese classic text describing an ancient system of cosmology and philosophy which is at the heart of traditional Chinese cultural beliefs.


lexentry: eng/I_don't_care__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
sense: Indicates that the speaker has no interest or emotional investment in the topic at hand.
written_rep: I don't care
trans_list:
je m'en branle | je m'en fous | je m'en bats les couilles | je m’en fiche | je ne m'inquiète pas | on s'en fout


lexentry: eng/I_have_a_fever__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I have a fever
trans_list: j'ai de la fièvre
sense:
Indicates that the speaker has an abnormally high body temperature, which is usually a symptom of a disease.


lexentry: eng/I_know__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I know
trans_list: je le sais | je sais | je sais bien
sense:
A response used to indicate that speaker was in agreement with the preceding statement before it was made.


lexentry: eng/I_know_you_are_but_what_am_I__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I know you are but what am I
trans_list: c'est celui qui dit qui l'est | c'est celui qui dit qui y est
sense:
(rhetorical question, colloquial, childish) Assertion that an insult made by the party to whom the phrase is directed is actually true of that party, and not of the person using the phrase. Usually considered to be a playground taunt.


lexentry: eng/I_miss_you__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I miss you
trans_list: tu me manques
sense:
An expression of sorrow or sadness about the absence of a family member, close friend, lover or spouse.


lexentry: eng/I_tell_a_lie__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I tell a lie
trans_list: mentir
sense:
(chiefly, British, idiomatic) I am mistaken; I thought that what I said (or wrote) was true, but I have just realised that it is not.


lexentry: eng/I_think,_therefore_I_am__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I think, therefore I am
trans_list: je pense, donc je suis
sense:
(philosophy) I am able to think, therefore I exist. A philosophical proof of existence based on the fact that someone capable of any form of thought necessarily exists.


lexentry: eng/I_told_you_so__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: I told you so
trans_list: je te l'avais bien dit
sense:
Used to remind someone that they were already warned by the speaker/writer that a certain event would happen.


lexentry: eng/Iapetus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iapetus
trans_list: Japet
sense:
(Greek god) A Titan, the son of Uranus and Gaia, and father of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoetius.


lexentry: eng/Ibadism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ibadism
trans_list: ibadisme
sense:
(Islam) The doctrines associated with Ibadis, such as the acceptance of fewer hadiths, and the addition of Jami Sahih as a canonical hadith.


lexentry: eng/Iberia__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iberia
trans_list: Ibérie
sense:
(historical) Antique and Byzantine name for the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli in Eastern Europe, located east of Colchis, corresponding roughly to the eastern parts of present-day Georgia.


lexentry: eng/Iberian_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iberian Peninsula
trans_list: péninsule ibérique | Péninsule Ibérique
sense:
A peninsula located in the extreme southwest of Europe which includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar, bordered on the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Pyrenees forming the northeast edge of the peninsula, connecting it to the rest of Europe.


lexentry: eng/Iberian_chiffchaff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iberian chiffchaff
trans_list: pouillot ibérique
sense:
Phylloscopus ibericus, a species of leaf warbler endemic to Portugal, Spain and North Africa, west of a line stretching roughly from the western Pyrenees via the mountains of central Spain to the Atlantic.


lexentry: eng/Iberomaurusian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iberomaurusian
trans_list: ibéromaurusien
sense:
(archaeology) Of or pertaining to a population of early humans that occupied the Mediterranean littoral from Morocco to Tunisia 22,000 to 9,000 years ago


lexentry: eng/Icelandic_horse__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Icelandic horse
trans_list: cheval islandais
sense:
A horse of a small, hardy breed developed from ponies taken to Iceland by Norse settlers in the 9th and 10th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Idumaea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Idumaea
trans_list: Idumée
sense:
(historical) An ancient region in the south of Judea in modern Israel and the West Bank, inhabited by the Edomites during the Hellenistic period and Roman occupation.


lexentry: eng/Ijekavian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ijekavian
trans_list: iékavien | jékavien
sense:
A dialect, group of dialects or dialect continuum of Serbo-Croatian spoken through most of Croatia, Bosnia and Montenegro and parts of Serbia and distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as disyllabic (triphonemic) /ije/ or diphthongal /je/ sequence.


lexentry: eng/Ikavian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ikavian
trans_list: ikavien
sense:
A dialect or group of dialects of Serbo-Croatian spoken primarily in coastal Croatia distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as /i/.


lexentry: eng/Illinois__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: Illinois
trans_list: Illinois
sense:
A river in Oregon, United States that flows from the southwestern corner of the state into the Rogue River.


lexentry: eng/Illyria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Illyria
trans_list: Illyrie
sense:
A region in Southeast Europe, the western part of what is now the Balkan Peninsula that was inhabited by the Illyrians, ancient Indo-European people.


lexentry: eng/Immaculate_Conception__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Immaculate Conception
trans_list: immaculée conception
sense:
(Catholicism) The doctrine, in the Roman Catholic Church, that the Virgin Mary was conceived biologically but free from original sin.


lexentry: eng/Imperial_Flanders__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Imperial Flanders
trans_list: Flandre impériale
sense:
The (smaller) part of the countship of Flanders, east of the Scheldt (Escaut), for which the count did not pay homage as vassal of the French king but to the Holy Roman Emperor.


lexentry: eng/Inanna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Inanna
trans_list: Inanna
sense:
(mythology, Mesopotamian god) A Sumerian goddess of sexual love, fertility, and warfare, known by the Akkadians as Ishtar and later identified with Astarte, Aphrodite, and Venus.


lexentry: eng/Inca__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Inca
trans_list: Inca
sense:
A member of the group of Quechuan peoples of highland Peru who established an empire from northern Ecuador to central Chile before the Spanish conquest.


lexentry: eng/Inca_dove__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Inca dove
trans_list: colombe inca
sense:
Columbina inca, a small New World dove ranging from the southwestern United States to Central America.


lexentry: eng/Incarnation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Incarnation
trans_list: incarnation
sense:
(Christianity) The doctrine that the second person of the Trinity assumed human form in the person of Jesus Christ and is fully divine and fully human.


lexentry: eng/India__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: India
trans_list: Inde
sense:
(chiefly, historical, proscribed, _, in modern use) A region of South Asia, traditionally delimited by the Himalayas and the Indus river; the Indian subcontinent.


lexentry: eng/Indian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Indian
trans_list: indien | Indien | Indienne | amérindien | Amérindienne | Amérindien
sense:
(countable) An American Indian, a member of one of the indigenous peoples of the Americas (generally excluding the Aleut, Inuit, Metis, or Yupik). [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Indian_cobra__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indian cobra
trans_list: cobra
sense:
A cobra of the species Naja naja, having on its hood two circular ocelli patterns connected by a curved line.


lexentry: eng/Indian_summer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indian summer
trans_list: été indien | été de la Saint-Martin | été des Indiens
sense:
A stretch of sunny and warm, often hazy, days during late autumn. [from late 18th c., popularized in the early 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Indian_sunburn__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indian sunburn
trans_list: brûlure indienne
sense:
(slang) The prank of grabbing a victim's forearm in both hands and twisting the skin in opposite directions.


lexentry: eng/Indianapolis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indianapolis
trans_list: Indianapolis
sense:
The capital city of Indiana, United States and the county seat of Marion County, with which the city is consolidated.


lexentry: eng/Indies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Indies
trans_list: Indes
sense:
(historical) The Western Hemisphere, during the early period of European colonization and exploration.


lexentry: eng/Indo-Aryan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indo-Aryan
trans_list: indo-aryen
sense:
A branch of Indo-Iranian and thus Indo-European language family, with a total number of native speakers of more than 900 million, chiefly in South Asia.


lexentry: eng/Indo-European__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indo-European
trans_list: indo-européen
sense:
(anthropology, archaeology, linguistics) A member of the original ethnolinguistic group hypothesized to have spoken Proto-Indo-European and thus to have been the ancestor for most of India and Western Eurasia.


lexentry: eng/Indo-European__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Indo-European
trans_list: indo-européen
sense:
A speaker of any Indo-European language (though especially an ancient one), or a member of an Indo-European culture, who is regarded as a continuation of the Proto-Indo-Europeans in terms of language, ancestry, or cultural affinity.


lexentry: eng/Indo-European_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indo-European studies
trans_list: études indo-européennes
sense:
The academic study of the Indo-European languages in relation to Proto-Indo-European, and sometimes of related humanities. (This entry is a translation hub.)


lexentry: eng/Indochina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Indochina
trans_list: Indochine
sense:
(historical) The former French colonial part of Southeast Asia comprising the peninsula containing Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.


lexentry: eng/Indonesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Indonesia
trans_list: Indonésie
sense:
A country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia. Official name: Republic of Indonesia (since 1950). Capital: Jakarta.


lexentry: eng/Industrial_Revolution__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Industrial Revolution
trans_list: révolution industrielle
sense:
(historical) The major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century resulting from the replacement of an economy based on manual labour to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture.


lexentry: eng/Information_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Information Age
trans_list: ère de l'information
sense:
The current era, characterised by the increasing importance and availability of information (especially by means of computers), as opposed to previous eras (such as the Industrial Age) in which most endeavours related to some physical process or product.


lexentry: eng/Ingush__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ingush
trans_list: Ingouche
sense:
A member of a Nakh people of the northeastern Caucasus, now mostly Sunni Muslim and resident in the Russian republic of Ingushetia.


lexentry: eng/Inner_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Inner Asia
trans_list: Asie intérieure
sense:
A region of Asia, usually comprising of what is now Central Asia, Mongolia (including Inner Mongolia), and Northeastern China, particularly as an area of historically strong pastoralist influence in contrast to surrounding sedentary civilizations.


lexentry: eng/Inner_Mongolia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Inner Mongolia
trans_list: Mongolie intérieure
sense:
An autonomous region of China, south of Mongolia, with closely related native Mongolian population, mostly north of the Great Wall. Capital: Hohhot.


lexentry: eng/Instagram__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Instagram
trans_list: Instagram
sense:
(Internet) An online photo- and video-sharing social networking service, originally designed to mimic old-fashioned instant cameras.


lexentry: eng/Instagrammable__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Instagrammable
trans_list: instagrammable
sense:
(informal) Visually attractive or interesting such that it lends itself to being photographed and posted on social media (specifically on Instagram); photogenic. [from early 21st c.]


lexentry: eng/Interlingua__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Interlingua
trans_list: Interlingua | interlingua
sense:
A constructed interlanguage based on Romance languages, English, German, Russian and Latin, developed by the International Auxiliary Language Association, and first published in 1951.


lexentry: eng/International_Court_of_Justice__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Court of Justice
trans_list: Cour internationale de justice
sense:
(UN) A judicial body of the United Nations, established in 1945 to decide disputes brought by nations.


lexentry: eng/International_Criminal_Court__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Criminal Court
trans_list: Cour pénale internationale
sense:
An intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands, with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.


lexentry: eng/International_Date_Line__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Date Line
trans_list: ligne de changement de date
sense:
An imaginary line on the Earth's surface at 180° longitude, mostly through the Pacific Ocean, to the east of which the calendar date is one day earlier than to the west.


lexentry: eng/International_Day_of_the_Girl_Child__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Day of the Girl Child
trans_list: Journée internationale de la fille
sense:
A holiday celebrated on October 11 that aims to raise awareness of the challenges and issues faced by girls around the world


lexentry: eng/International_Monetary_Fund__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International Monetary Fund
trans_list: Fonds monétaire international
sense:
The international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked.


lexentry: eng/International_System_of_Units__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: International System of Units
trans_list: Système international d'unités | Système international
sense:
(metrology) A standard set of units of measurement for use in scientific literature worldwide. The newest and most widespread version of the metric system.


lexentry: eng/Internationale__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Internationale
trans_list: Internationale
sense:
A general left-wing anthem for solidarity and emancipation of the working class, dating back to the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/Internet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Internet
trans_list: Internet
sense:
The specific internet consisting of a global network of computers that communicate using Internet Protocol (IP) and that use Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to identify the best paths to route those communications.


lexentry: eng/Internet_address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Internet address
trans_list: adresse Internet
sense:
(computing, Internet) Any address used to identify a place or resource on the Internet, such as a URL, an IP address, or a domain name.


lexentry: eng/Invisible_Pink_Unicorn__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Invisible Pink Unicorn
trans_list: Licorne rose invisible
sense:
(Internet slang, humorous) A unicorn goddess who is simultaneously invisible and pink, used in arguments against faith in an unprovable deity.


lexentry: eng/Io__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Io
trans_list: Io
sense:
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Inachus river god, and a lover of Zeus, turned by the latter into a heifer.


lexentry: eng/Io__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Io
trans_list: Io
sense:
(astronomy) A moon of Jupiter, known for its volcanic activity, peppered with about 400 active volcanoes.


lexentry: eng/Ionia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ionia
trans_list: Ionie
sense:
(historical) A former settlement in Anatolia, on the coast of the Aegean Sea; An Ancient Greek settlement on the west coast of Asia Minor inhabited by the Ionians, one of the four main Hellenic tribes.


lexentry: eng/Ionian_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ionian Islands
trans_list: îles Ioniennes
sense:
A group of islands in the Ionian Sea – one of the 13 peripheries of Greece. The main islands are Cephalonia, Corfu, Ithaca, Kythira, Lefkada, Paxoi and Zante.


lexentry: eng/Ionic_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ionic Greek
trans_list: ionien
sense:
The dialect of Ancient Greek used on Euboea and other islands in the Aegean Sea and in parts of Asia Minor, from around 1000 to 300 B.C.E., closely related to Attic Greek and contributing a great deal to Epic Greek. The language of Herodotus, Hippocrates, and Archilochus.


lexentry: eng/Iphigenia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iphigenia
trans_list: Iphigénie
sense:
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra, who is sacrificed by her father to ensure the safe journey of the Greeks to Troy.


lexentry: eng/Iran__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iran
trans_list: Iran
sense:
A country in West Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Islamic Republic of Iran. Capital: Tehran.


lexentry: eng/Iranian_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iranian studies
trans_list: iranologie
sense:
(humanities) an interdisciplinary field dealing with the study of history, literature, art and culture of Iranian peoples


lexentry: eng/Iraq__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iraq
trans_list: Irak | Iraq
sense:
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Republic of Iraq. Capital and largest city: Baghdad.


lexentry: eng/Ireland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ireland
trans_list: Irlande
sense:
A republic occupying the majority-area of the island of Ireland, with Northern Ireland occupying the rest of the island. Also known as the Republic of Ireland since 1949.


lexentry: eng/Irish_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Irish Sea
trans_list: Mer d'Irlande
sense:
A sea in British Isles, Europe, in the Atlantic. A sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland; bordered to the north by the North Channel and to the south by St George's Channel and the Celtic Sea.


lexentry: eng/Iron_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iron Age
trans_list: âge du fer
sense:
(mythology) The most recent and debased of the four or five classical Ages of Man; hence, any period characterized by wicked behavior. [from 16th c.]


lexentry: eng/Iron_Age__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Iron Age
trans_list: âge du fer | Âge du fer
sense:
(archaeology) A level of culture in which humans used iron and the technology of ironworking. (Estimated to have begun in Europe about 1100BC) [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Iron_Cross__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iron Cross
trans_list: croix de fer
sense:
(military) (formerly) the second highest military decoration of Germany, under the military order of the Pour le Mérite, or the cross pattée shape of this decoration.


lexentry: eng/Iron_Curtain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iron Curtain
trans_list: rideau de fer
sense:
(historical) Chiefly preceded by the: the dividing line between Western Europe and the Soviet controlled regions, especially during the Cold War (1947–1991). [from early 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Iroquois_Confederacy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iroquois Confederacy
trans_list: Confédération iroquoise | Iroquoisie | Ligue iroquoise
sense:
A confederacy of Iroquoian tribes. Initially consisting of the Five Nations (Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca), later of the Six Nations (adding the Tuscarora)


lexentry: eng/Iroquois__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iroquois
trans_list: Iroquois
sense:
A member of a confederacy of (originally) five Native American (Indian) tribes: the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas. Also known as the Iroquois League.


lexentry: eng/Isaac__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isaac
trans_list: Isaac
sense:
(biblical character) The son of Abraham and Sarah, father of Esau and Jacob, from whom the Hebrew people trace their descent.


lexentry: eng/Ishmael__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ishmael
trans_list: Ismaël
sense:
(Abrahamism, biblical character) The eldest son of Abraham and his wife's handmaiden Hagar who were cast out after the birth of Isaac; traditionally the ancestor of the Arabs via the Ishmaelites.


lexentry: eng/Isis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isis
trans_list: Isis
sense:
(Egyptian god) An ancient Egyptian goddess, the wife of Osiris and mother of Horus, worshiped as the ideal mother and wife and as the matron of nature and magic.


lexentry: eng/Islam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Islam
trans_list: Islam | islam
sense:
A monotheistic Abrahamic religion followed by Muslims that is based on the teachings of Muhammad and the Qur'an.


lexentry: eng/Islamic_State__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Islamic State
trans_list: État islamique
sense:
A Salafist group active in Libya, Nigeria, Iraq and Syria, where it has proclaimed an (unrecognized) state.


lexentry: eng/Islamic_fundamentalism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Islamic fundamentalism
trans_list: fondamentalisme islamique
sense:
A revolutionary movement towards Islamism, with literal and traditional interpretations of their sacred texts. It is often used to describe Muslim groups that advocate the replacement of secular state laws with Islamic law, or Shari'a.


lexentry: eng/Islamism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Islamism
trans_list: islamisme
sense:
(by extension) Islamic fundamentalism, especially the forms that promote violence, hostility, and persecution of non-believers. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Isle_of_Man__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isle of Man
trans_list: île de Man
sense:
An island and crown dependency of the United Kingdom in the Irish Sea, part of the British Isles but not of the United Kingdom.


lexentry: eng/Isle_of_Wight__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Isle of Wight
trans_list: île de Wight
sense:
An island, county and unitary authority off the south coast of England in the English Channel opposite Southampton.


lexentry: eng/Israel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Israel
trans_list: Israël
sense:
(Biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people.


lexentry: eng/Israelite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Israelite
trans_list: Israélite
sense:
A native or inhabitant of (i) the united nation of Israel (under the Judges, and then kings Saul, David and Solomon), or (ii) the later northern kingdom centered in Samaria, distinct from kingdom of Judah centered in Jerusalem.


lexentry: eng/Issa__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Issa
trans_list: Issa
sense:
A member of a Somali clan, mainly residing in Djibouti; it is the larger of the two dominant ethnic groups.


lexentry: eng/Istanbul__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Istanbul
trans_list: Istanbul
sense:
A Turkish city, and the largest European city by population, which was the last capital of the Ottoman Empire and the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire).


lexentry: eng/Istria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Istria
trans_list: Istrie
sense:
A peninsula in Croatia, Slovenia and Italy, on the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea: The Istrian Peninsula.


lexentry: eng/Istro-Romanian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Istro-Romanian
trans_list: Istro-roumain
sense:
An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken in the Istrian region of Croatia, and related to Romanian, Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian.


lexentry: eng/Italian_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italian Peninsula
trans_list: Péninsule italienne
sense:
A large peninsula in Southern Europe protruding into the Mediterranean Sea and shaped like a boot. The mountain range of Apennines runs across it from north to south. Occupied almost entirely by Italy.


lexentry: eng/Italian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Italian
trans_list: italien
sense:
(uncountable) The official language of Italy, also spoken in San Marino, the Vatican, and parts of Argentina, Slovenia and Switzerland.


lexentry: eng/Italian_oak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italian oak
trans_list: chêne de Hongrie
sense:
Quercus frainetto, a species of oak native to southeastern Europe (parts of Italy, the Balkans, parts of Hungary, Romania) and Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Italianization__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italianization
trans_list: italianisation
sense:
(historical) The forced cultural and ethnic assimilation of minorities in the Kingdom of Italy, with particular reference to the Fascist government (1922–1943).


lexentry: eng/Italic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Italic
trans_list: italique
sense:
(Indo-European studies) Pertaining to a subfamily of the Centum branch of the Indo-European language family, that includes Latin and other languages (as Oscan, Umbrian) spoken by the peoples of ancient Italy


lexentry: eng/Italy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Italy
trans_list: Italie
sense:
A country in Southern Europe. Official names: Italian Republic and Republic of Italy. Capital and largest city: Rome.


lexentry: eng/Iwo_Jima__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Iwo Jima
trans_list: Iwo Jima
sense:
A volcanic island in the Volcano Islands, in the North Pacific, now administered as part of Tokyo's Ogasawara Subprefecture and most famous for a major battle in World War II.


lexentry: eng/Iwo_Jima__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Iwo Jima
trans_list: Iwo Jima
sense:
A volcanic island in the Satsunan Islands, in the Philippine Sea, administered as part of Kagoshima.


lexentry: eng/Ixion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ixion
trans_list: Ixion
sense:
(Greek mythology) King of Lapiths, who was punished by Zeus for trying to seduce Hera by being bound to a winged fiery wheel that was always spinning.


lexentry: eng/Ixion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ixion
trans_list: Ixion
sense:
(astronomy) A Kuiper belt object (KBO), 28978 Ixion (provisional designation 2001 KX76), once thought to be a possible dwarf planet.


lexentry: eng/Izmir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Izmir
trans_list: Izmir
sense:
A major Turkish port city situated midway along the western Anatolian seaboard, geographically continuous with the ancient city of Smyrna.


lexentry: eng/Jack_the_Ripper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jack the Ripper
trans_list: Jack l’Éventreur
sense:
A supposed individual who was an unidentified 19th century serial killer in England, who has become part of folklore.


lexentry: eng/Jacob's_ladder__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Jacob's ladder
trans_list: échelle de corde
sense:
A toy consisting of blocks of wood, held together by strings or ribbons, that appear to cascade downward as they flip over.


lexentry: eng/Jacob's_ladder__Noun__1
sense_num: 07
written_rep: Jacob's ladder
trans_list: échelle de corde
sense:
A high-voltage electrical device, often used as a visual effect in old movies, which has a pair of vertical electrodes that form an arc between them starting at the bottom, rising to the top, then repeating.


lexentry: eng/Jacob__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jacob
trans_list: Jacob | Jacques
sense:
(biblical character) One of the sons of Isaac and Rebecca, and twin brother of Esau; father of the Israelites (Jews and Samaritans) by 12 sons by 4 consorts, most famously Judah and Joseph who fathered Manasseh; was renamed to Israel.


lexentry: eng/Jacobite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jacobite
trans_list: jacobite
sense:
(historical) A supporter of the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland in the late 17th century. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]


lexentry: eng/Jaffa_cake__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jaffa cake
trans_list: Jaffa Cake
sense:
(chiefly, British) A small, biscuit-like cake with a base of firm sponge, a layer of orange jelly, and a chocolate covering.


lexentry: eng/Jahannam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jahannam
trans_list: Jahannam
sense:
(Islam) Islamic concept of hell, where unfaithful Muslims not true to their religion will be punished, but will eventually be forgiven.


lexentry: eng/Jamahiriya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jamahiriya
trans_list: jamahiriya
sense:
(historical) State of the masses; people's republic; the form of the Libyan state ruled by Muammar Gaddafi from 1977-2011, during which time it was known first as the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya then as the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.


lexentry: eng/James_Bay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: James Bay
trans_list: Baie James
sense:
A gulf of Nunavut, Canada, at the southern end of Hudson Bay, Arctic Ocean. A large sub-arctic sea surrounded on three sides by land of Ontario (on the west and south) and Quebec (on the east and south), the southernmost extension of the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/James_Bond__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: James Bond
trans_list: James Bond
sense:
A fictional British spy in the novels of Ian Fleming and the motion pictures based on these novels, famous for his suavity, ingenuity, ruthlessness and supply of gadgets.


lexentry: eng/James__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: James
trans_list: Jacques
sense:
One of two Apostles, James the Greater and James the Less, often identified with James, brother of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Jammu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jammu
trans_list: Jammu
sense:
The city of Jammu, located on the banks of Tawi river, which is one the largest cities in this region and which serves as the winter capital of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.


lexentry: eng/Jammu_and_Kashmir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jammu and Kashmir
trans_list: Jammu-et-Cachemire
sense:
(now, historical) A princely state which governed the region of Kashmir, the territory of which is now de facto divided between China, India, and Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/Jankoy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jankoy
trans_list: Djankoï
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of Jankoy Raion, de jure a part of that raion, de facto separate as Jankoy city municipality, in Crimea, Ukraine, occupied by Russian forces since February 2014.


lexentry: eng/Jansenism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jansenism
trans_list: jansénisme
sense:
The Catholic doctrines of Cornelius Jansen and his followers, which emphasise original sin, divine grace and predestination; condemned as a heresy by Pope Innocent X in 1653


lexentry: eng/January__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: January
trans_list: janvier
sense:
The first month of the Gregorian calendar, following the December of the previous year and preceding February. Abbreviation: Jan or Jan.


lexentry: eng/Janus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Janus
trans_list: Janus
sense:
(Roman god) The god of doorways, gates and transitions, and of beginnings and endings, having two faces looking in opposite directions.


lexentry: eng/Japanese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese
trans_list: Japonais | Japonaise | Nippon | Nippone
sense:
(countable, chiefly, in the plural) A person living in or originating from Japan, or of Japanese ancestry.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_beetle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese beetle
trans_list: scarabée japonais | hanneton japonais
sense:
A beetle of species Popillia japonica, with iridescent copper-colored elytra and green thorax and head, an invasive pest outside of Japan.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_encephalitis__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese encephalitis
trans_list: encéphalite japonaise
sense:
(pathology) A viral disease prevalent in south-east Asia, caused by Japanese encephalitis virus transmitted by mosquito.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_knotweed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese knotweed
trans_list: renouée du Japon
sense:
A large, herbaceous perennial plant, Fallopia japonica, native to Asia; it is a highly invasive colonizer outside of its native territory.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_maple__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese maple
trans_list: érable japonais
sense:
A species of maple, Acer palmatum, with great natural variety of appearance, often with reddish leaves for most of the year and multiple trunks, widely grown as an ornamental.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_spitz__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese spitz
trans_list: spitz japonais
sense:
(zoology) A small breed of dog from Japan, having a somewhat square body, deep chest, and very thick, pure white double coat.


lexentry: eng/Japanese_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japanese studies
trans_list: japonologie
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the Japanese language, Japanese linguistics, and Japanese sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Japheth__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Japheth
trans_list: Jafet | Japhet
sense:
(biblical character) The third son of Noah, brother to Shem and Ham, who received a blessing from God with Shem, considered to be the ancestor of the Japhetic people(s) (associated approx. with Indo-Europeans).


lexentry: eng/Jared__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jared
trans_list: Jéred
sense:
(biblical character) A man mentioned in the Book of Genesis, a descendant of Adam and of Seth, the father of Enoch, an ancestor of Noah.


lexentry: eng/Jason__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jason
trans_list: Jason
sense:
(Greek mythology) The leader of the Argonauts, who retrieved the Golden Fleece from king Aeetes of Colchis, for his uncle Pelias.


lexentry: eng/Jedi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jedi
trans_list: Jedi
sense:
(scifi) One of a fictional order of beings from the Star Wars universe who are gifted with heightened awareness of the Force.


lexentry: eng/Jehovah's_Witness__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jehovah's Witness
trans_list: témoin de Jéhovah
sense:
A member of a monotheistic and nontrinitarian Restoration Christian denomination founded by Charles Taze Russell in 1879 as a small Bible study group. Originally known as International Bible Students or Bible Students.


lexentry: eng/Jehovah's_Witnesses__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jehovah's Witnesses
trans_list: Témoins de Jéhovah
sense:
A monotheistic and nontrinitarian Restoration Christian denomination founded by Charles Taze Russell in 1879 as a small Bible study group. Originally known as International Bible Students or Bible Students.


lexentry: eng/Jeju__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jeju
trans_list: jeju
sense:
An endangered language, sometimes considered a dialect of the Korean language, spoken on the island.


lexentry: eng/Jeremiah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jeremiah
trans_list: Jérémie
sense:
(Abrahamism, biblical character) An ancient prophet, the author of the Book of Jeremiah, and of the Lamentations.


lexentry: eng/Jeroboam__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jeroboam
trans_list: Jéroboam
sense:
A bottle of champagne or Burgundy wine containing 3 liters of fluid, four times the volume of a standard bottle.


lexentry: eng/Jeroboam__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jeroboam
trans_list: Jéroboam | jéroboam
sense:
A bottle of Bordeaux wine containing 4.5 liters of fluid, six times the volume of a standard bottle.


lexentry: eng/Jersey__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jersey
trans_list: Jersey
sense:
A dependency of the United Kingdom; the largest of the Channel Islands in the English Channel between France and England.


lexentry: eng/Jerusalem_Talmud__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jerusalem Talmud
trans_list: Talmud de Jérusalem
sense:
(Judaism) The Talmud composed and compiled primarily from the teachings, discussions and disagreements of the Amoraim of the land of Israel.


lexentry: eng/Jerusalem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jerusalem
trans_list: Jérusalem | Al-Quds
sense:
A city in the Holy Land between the Mediterranean Sea and Dead Sea, holy in Judaism, Christianity and Islam; the legal capital city of Israel.


lexentry: eng/Jerusalem_artichoke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jerusalem artichoke
trans_list: topinambour
sense:
A variety of sunflower, Helianthus tuberosus, native to North America, having yellow flower heads and edible tubers.


lexentry: eng/Jesus_Christ__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jesus Christ
trans_list: Jésus-Christ
sense:
(Christianity, Islam, Baháʼí) Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee, held to be a prophet, teacher and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity. Also held to be a prophet in Islam and the Baháʼí Faith.


lexentry: eng/Jesus__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jesus
trans_list: doux Jésus
sense:
(possibly, _, offensive, blasphemous) An exclamation, particularly used to express excitement or exasperation.


lexentry: eng/Jesus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jesus
trans_list: Jésus
sense:
Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee held to be a prophet, teacher, the son of God, and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity; also called "Jesus Christ" by Christians. Held to be a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.


lexentry: eng/Jew's_ear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jew's ear
trans_list: oreille de Judas | oreille du diable
sense:
A kind of edible fungus (Auricularia auricula-judae), growing on tree-trunks, formerly used for medicinal purposes.


lexentry: eng/Jew's_harp__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jew's harp
trans_list: guimbarde | campurgne
sense:
A musical instrument consisting of a flexible metal or bamboo “tongue” attached to a frame. This tongue is placed in the performer's mouth and plucked with the finger to produce a note of constant pitch. Melodies can be created by changing the shape of the mouth and causing different overtones.


lexentry: eng/Jewish_Bolshevism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jewish Bolshevism
trans_list: judéo-bolchévisme
sense:
(derogatory) Soviet Communism (Marxism-Leninism) when viewed, usually by people on the right wing, as a Jewish political ideology; Judeo-Bolshevism.


lexentry: eng/Jewry__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jewry
trans_list: judaïcité | judaïté | judeïté | judéité | juiverie
sense:
(historical) The quarter of a town or city inhabited either partially or exclusively by Jews; historically, its main buildings were the synagogue, the ritual bath or mikve, the kosher-oriented butchery and bakery, etc. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Jezebel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jezebel
trans_list: Jezebel | Jézabel
sense:
(biblical character) The Phoenician princess and Queen of Ancient Israel who appears in the Old Testament (1 Kings & 2 Kings). She incited heresy and lured the Jews away from their God and back to idols.


lexentry: eng/Jigglypuff__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jigglypuff
trans_list: Rondoudou
sense:
(sometimes, _, attributive) Something that resembles the Pokémon Jigglypuff, e.g. by being rotund, bright pink, or able to induce sleep.


lexentry: eng/Joe_Public__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Joe Public
trans_list: Tartempion
sense:
(idiomatic) A hypothetical average or generic member of the public; the common man (or person, by extension).


lexentry: eng/John_Doe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: John Doe
trans_list: X
sense:
(United States) A fictitious name used in legal documents for an unknown or anonymous, usually male, person.


lexentry: eng/John__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: John
trans_list: Jean
sense:
(biblical) Persons of the Christian Bible: John the Baptist; and names possibly referring to one, two or three persons, frequently called "Saint": John the Apostle, John the Evangelist and John of Patmos (also called John the Divine or John the Theologian).


lexentry: eng/John__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: John
trans_list: (Évangile selon) Jean | Jn
sense:
(biblical) The Gospel of St. John, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the fourth of the four gospels.


lexentry: eng/John__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: John
trans_list: Jean | 1 | 2 | 3 Jn
sense:
(biblical) One of the books in the New Testament of the Bible, the epistles of John (1 John, 2 John and 3 John).


lexentry: eng/Jolly_Roger__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jolly Roger
trans_list: pavillon noir | pavillon pirate
sense:
The traditional flag used on European and American pirate ships, and, more recently, by submarine crews, often pictured as a white skull and crossbones on a black field; the blackjack. [from early 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/Jovian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jovian
trans_list: jovien | jupitérien
sense:
(Roman mythology) Pertaining to the Roman god Jove or Jupiter (the counterpart of the Greek god Zeus); Jove-like; befitting Jupiter.


lexentry: eng/Judah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Judah
trans_list: Juda
sense:
(biblical) The southern Israelite kingdom which continued to be ruled by the Davidic dynasty after Solomon's death and the breakup of the united monarchy, with the northern portion keeping the name Israel.


lexentry: eng/Judaism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judaism
trans_list: judaïsme
sense:
An Abrahamic religion tracing its origin to the Hebrew people of the ancient Middle East, as documented in their religious writings, the Tanakh.


lexentry: eng/Judaizer__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Judaizer
trans_list: judaïsant | judaïsante
sense:
(historical) One of the Jews who accepted Christianity but still adhered to the law of Moses and worshipped in the temple at Jerusalem.


lexentry: eng/Judas_Iscariot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judas Iscariot
trans_list: Judas Iscariote
sense:
(biblical character) One of the twelve disciples of Jesus in the New Testament, who betrayed Jesus into the hands of the chief priests for 30 pieces of silver.


lexentry: eng/Judas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judas
trans_list: Judas
sense:
(biblical character) One of the twelve original Apostles of Jesus, known for his role in Jesus' betrayal into the hands of Roman authorities.


lexentry: eng/Judas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Judas
trans_list: Judas
sense:
(biblical, archaic) Alternative form of Jude, the penultimate book of the Bible and its ascribed author, Jude the Apostle.


lexentry: eng/Judas_tree__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judas tree
trans_list: arbre de Judée | arbre de Judas
sense:
A small deciduous tree, Cercis siliquastrum, noted for its prolific display of deep-pink flowers in spring.


lexentry: eng/Judea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Judea
trans_list: Judée
sense:
Roman rendition of Judah. Used after the fall of the Davidic dynasty and through the period as part of the Roman Empire.


lexentry: eng/Julian_calendar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Julian calendar
trans_list: calendrier julien
sense:
The calendar which was used in the western world before the present-day Gregorian calendar. The Julian calendar differed in having all multiple-of-4 years as leap years.


lexentry: eng/July_Monarchy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: July Monarchy
trans_list: monarchie de Juillet
sense:
A period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe starting with the July Revolution (or Three Glorious Days) of 1830 and ending with the February Revolution of 1848.


lexentry: eng/July__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: July
trans_list: juillet
sense:
The seventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following June and preceding August. Abbreviation: Jul or Jul.


lexentry: eng/June__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: June
trans_list: juin
sense:
The sixth month of the Gregorian calendar, following May and preceding July. Abbreviation: Jun or Jun.


lexentry: eng/Jupiter__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Jupiter
trans_list: Jupiter
sense:
(Roman god) The King of the Gods, also called Jove. Equivalent to the Greek Zeus, Jupiter was one of the children of Saturn. As supreme god of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter was the god of thunder, lightning, and storms, and appropriately called the god of light and sky.


lexentry: eng/Jupiter_mass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jupiter mass
trans_list: masse de Jupiter
sense:
(astronomy) A unit of mass equal to the mass of the planet Jupiter, used to express the mass of other planets. 1 MJ = 2 × 1027 kg.


lexentry: eng/Jurassic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jurassic
trans_list: jurassique
sense:
(geology) Of or pertaining to the second period of the Mesozoic era, a time still dominated by dinosaurs.


lexentry: eng/Jurassic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jurassic
trans_list: jurassique | Jurassique
sense:
(geology, paleontology) The period from 201.3±0.2 to 145 million years ago, after the Triassic and before the Cretaceous; the geologic systems of this period.


lexentry: eng/Justinian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Justinian
trans_list: Justinien
sense:
A family name in Late Antiquity, notably that of Justinian I, emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 527 to 565.


lexentry: eng/Jute__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jute
trans_list: dunette
sense:
A member of the Germanic tribe that existed in modern-day Denmark that invaded England about the same time as the Angles and the Saxons in the beginning of the Middle Ages, but were eventually integrated by the time of the Norman Conquest.


lexentry: eng/Jutland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Jutland
trans_list: Jutland
sense:
A peninsula in northwestern Europe, which belongs to Denmark (depending on the definition of the southern boundary also Germany).


lexentry: eng/K2__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: K2
trans_list: K2
sense:
A mountain on the border between Pakistan and Taxkorgan, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China, the world’s second highest mountain, located in the Ladakh Karakorams.


lexentry: eng/KN95__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: KN95
trans_list: KN95
sense:
(uncountable) An air particulate filtration standard originating in the People's Republic of China, which requires filtration of 95% of air particulates that are 0.3 microns and larger.


lexentry: eng/K__Noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: K
trans_list: R
sense:
(baseball) Abbreviation of strikeout. On a baseball scorecard, a frontwards K signifies striking out while swinging the bat, while a backwards K signifies striking out while looking.


lexentry: eng/Kaaba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kaaba
trans_list: Ka'ba
sense:
(Islam) The nearly cubical stone temple in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam and site of the great hajj assembly.


lexentry: eng/Kabardian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kabardian
trans_list: kabarde
sense:
A North Caucasian language spoken in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, also known as East Circassian.


lexentry: eng/Kabballah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kabballah
trans_list: kabbale
sense:
(Judaism) A body of mystical Jewish teachings based on an esoteric reading of the Hebrew scriptures.


lexentry: eng/Kabyle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kabyle
trans_list: kabyle
sense:
A Northern Berber language of the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic language family, spoken by over 3,000,000 people in Algeria; native name Taqbaylit.


lexentry: eng/Kachin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kachin
trans_list: Kachin
sense:
Any of a number of non-Burman ethnolinguistic groups in Kachin State, Burma, including the Jingpho people.


lexentry: eng/Kadiivka__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kadiivka
trans_list: Kadiïvka
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of the urban hromada of the same name in Alchevsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1814, controlled by the Luhansk People’s Republic since 2014


lexentry: eng/Kahlúa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kahlúa
trans_list: Kahlúa
sense:
A brand of heavy, sweet, coffee flavored liqueur made in Mexico; a variety or serving of this drink.


lexentry: eng/Kahoolawe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kahoolawe
trans_list: Kahoolawe
sense:
An uninhabited island, the smallest of the main 8 islands of Hawaii in the United States of America.


lexentry: eng/Kaiser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kaiser
trans_list: empereur | kaiser
sense:
An emperor of a German-speaking country, particularly the Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), the Austrian Empire/Austria-Hungary (1806–1918), or the German Empire (1871–1918) — often specifically Wilhelm II.


lexentry: eng/Kalash__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kalash
trans_list: Kalash
sense:
A Dardic indigenous group residing in the Chitral District of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. They speak the Kalasha language.


lexentry: eng/Kama_Sutra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kama Sutra
trans_list: Kâmasûtra
sense:
A Sanskrit treatise (sutra) setting forth rules for sensuous and sensual pleasure, love, and marriage in accordance with Hindu law.


lexentry: eng/Kamarupa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kamarupa
trans_list: Kamarupa
sense:
(historical) An early state on the Indian subcontinent, centred in Assam, prevailing from 350 CE to 1140 CE.


lexentry: eng/Kamloops__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kamloops
trans_list: Kamloops
sense:
A city in British Columbia, Canada, located at the confluence of the two branches of the Thompson River.


lexentry: eng/Kamloops__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Kamloops
trans_list: Lac Kamloops
sense:
Ellipsis of Kamloops Lake.; A lake in British Columbia, Canada, located at the confluence of the two branches of the Thompson River.


lexentry: eng/Kan_extension__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kan extension
trans_list: extension de Kan
sense:
(category theory) A construct that generalizes the notion of extending a function's domain of definition.


lexentry: eng/Kansas_City__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kansas City
trans_list: Kansas City
sense:
A large metropolitan area straddling the border between Kansas and Missouri, USA. Kansas City is split into two separate cities:


lexentry: eng/Kantianism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kantianism
trans_list: kantisme
sense:
(philosophy) The philosophical system of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) and his followers; also called transcendental idealism.


lexentry: eng/Karachi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karachi
trans_list: Karachi
sense:
The largest city in Pakistan situated along the Arabian Sea, as well as the provincial capital of Sindh Province.


lexentry: eng/Karaim__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karaim
trans_list: karaïm
sense:
A Kipchak Turkic language, with Aramaic and Persian influences, spoken in Lithuania, Poland, the Crimea and the Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Karaism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karaism
trans_list: karaïsme
sense:
A Jewish movement that recognises only the Tanakh as a supreme legal authority, distinct from Rabbinic Judaism.


lexentry: eng/Karakalpakstan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karakalpakstan
trans_list: Karakalpakistan
sense:
An autonomous republic in northwestern Uzbekistan, bordering Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. Official name: Republic of Karakalpakstan. Capital: Nukus


lexentry: eng/Karelian_pasty__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karelian pasty
trans_list: pirojki carélien
sense:
A traditional pasty from Karelia, usually with a rye crust and now most often eaten with a mixture of boiled eggs and butter.


lexentry: eng/Karluk__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Karluk
trans_list: Qarluq
sense:
A member of a nomadic Turkic tribal confederacy residing in Kara-Irtysh and the Tarbagatai Mountains, closely related to the Uyghurs.


lexentry: eng/Kashmir_Valley__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kashmir Valley
trans_list: vallée du Cachemire
sense:
A valley around 135 km long and 32 km wide, formed by the Jhelum river, located between the Karakoram and the Pir Panjal Range, within the central Indian-controlled part of the disputed region of Kashmir.


lexentry: eng/Kashmir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kashmir
trans_list: Cachemire
sense:
A region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) China, India, and Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/Katharevousa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Katharevousa
trans_list: katharévousa
sense:
A learned, archaising form of Modern Greek, based on Classical Greek and used for formal and official purposes; it was legally displaced as the official language of Greece in 1976 by Demotic Greek.


lexentry: eng/Katyusha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Katyusha
trans_list: Katioucha | orgue de Staline
sense:
A type of artillery rocket launcher consisting of an array of rockets mounted on a truck, originated in the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/Keeshond__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Keeshond
trans_list: spitz loup
sense:
A spitz bred in the Netherlands and Germany, characterized by a fluffy coat of silver and black fur.


lexentry: eng/Kemalist__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kemalist
trans_list: kémaliste
sense:
Of or pertaining to the ideology of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; following the ideals of Kemalism, including separation of the new Turkish state from its Ottoman predecessor and the embracement of Western-style democracy and secularism.


lexentry: eng/Kentish_plover__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kentish plover
trans_list: sablier
sense:
Charadrius alexandrinus, a small wader that breeds in a wide range, from southern Europe to Japan and in Ecuador, Peru, Chile, the southern United States and the Caribbean, but not including Kent.


lexentry: eng/Kentucky__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kentucky
trans_list: Kentucky
sense:
A state of the United States. Capital: Frankfort; largest city: Louisville. Formally known as the Commonwealth of Kentucky, one of four such states known as Commonwealths.


lexentry: eng/Kenyan_English__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kenyan English
trans_list: anglais kenyan
sense:
The English language as written and spoken in Kenya, and among Kenyan expatriates in other countries.


lexentry: eng/Kepler's_equation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kepler's equation
trans_list: équation de Kepler
sense:
(astronomy, celestial mechanics) the mathematical relationship between the mean anomaly (M) and the eccentric anomaly (E) of a planet in an elliptical orbit with eccentricity ( \textstyle \epsilon ). M = E - \epsilon \cdot \sin(E).


lexentry: eng/Kerch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kerch
trans_list: Kertch
sense:
A port city in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, but de facto controlled by Russia.


lexentry: eng/Kermodism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kermodism
trans_list: kermodisme
sense:
A genetic trait in Kermode bears, a subspecies of black bears, Ursus americanus, in which a white-skinned offspring is born.


lexentry: eng/Key_lime__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Key lime
trans_list: lime
sense:
A small yellow (when ripe, usually sold green) lime, of hybrid Citrus × aurantiifolia, especially those from southern Florida.


lexentry: eng/Keynesian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Keynesian
trans_list: keynésien
sense:
(economics) Of or pertaining to an economic theory based on the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, as put forward in his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936 in response to the Great Depression of the 1930s, and extensively extended by a large body of followers before and after his death in 1946.


lexentry: eng/Keynesianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Keynesianism
trans_list: keynésianisme
sense:
(economics) A prescriptive or normative economic stance according to which the state should actively stimulate economic growth and improve stability in the private sector through interest rates, taxation and public projects.


lexentry: eng/Khan_Younus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Khan Younus
trans_list: Khan Younès
sense:
A city, the capital of Khan Younus governorate, Southern Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine, Israel, Levant


lexentry: eng/Khan_Younus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Khan Younus
trans_list: Khan Younès
sense:
A settlement, a refugee camp in Khan Younus governorate, Southern Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine, Israel, Levant, lying next to the eponymous city of Khan Younus.


lexentry: eng/Khanty__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khanty
trans_list: khanty
sense:
The Ob-Ugric language spoken by these people, now more often considered a group of closely related languages.


lexentry: eng/Kharkiv__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kharkiv
trans_list: Kharkiv | Kharkov
sense:
(city) An industrial city, the administrative centre of Kharkiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, in eastern Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Khazar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khazar
trans_list: khazar
sense:
A member of a semi-nomadic Turkic tribe that occupied a large part of southwestern Russia and Ukraine (Khazaria).


lexentry: eng/Kherson__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kherson
trans_list: Kherson
sense:
A port city, the administrative centre of Kherson raion, Kherson oblast, Ukraine, located on the Dnieper.


lexentry: eng/Khinalug__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khinalug
trans_list: khinalug
sense:
A Northeast Caucasian language spoken mainly in the villages of Khinalug and Qalayxudat just north of Quba (Quba Rayon, Azerbaijan).


lexentry: eng/Khmer_Rouge__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khmer Rouge
trans_list: Khmers rouges
sense:
(historical) A Cambodian communist guerrilla force active from the 1970s to the 1990s under the leadership of Pol Pot.


lexentry: eng/Khoisan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Khoisan
trans_list: Khoisan
sense:
The group of languages associated with the Khoisan including the Khoi, Kx'a and Tuu families, sometimes to the inclusion of the Hadza and Sandawe language isolates of Tanzania.


lexentry: eng/Khorasan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khorasan
trans_list: Khorasan | Khorassan
sense:
(historical) The Sassanian and post-Islamic Persian name for the region of Parthia located in north east of Persia (Iran), sometimes covering also parts of Central Asia and Afghanistan; the Greater Khorasan.


lexentry: eng/Khorasan_wheat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khorasan wheat
trans_list: blé khorasan
sense:
An ancient tetraploid species or subspecies of wheat (Triticum turanicum), historically cultivated in Central Asia.


lexentry: eng/Khrushchev__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Khrushchev
trans_list: Khrouchtchev
sense:
English transliteration of the Russian surname Хрущёв; usually refers to the Russian revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Nikita Khrushchev.


lexentry: eng/Kierkegaardian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kierkegaardian
trans_list: kierkegaardien
sense:
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) or his existentialist philosophy.


lexentry: eng/Kievan_Rus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kievan Rus
trans_list: Rus de Kiev | Rus' de Kiev
sense:
(historical) A medieval principality in Eastern Europe centred around Kiev; considered an early predecessor of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.


lexentry: eng/King_Arthur__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: King Arthur
trans_list: roi Arthur
sense:
A legendary king of Britain, said to have led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century.


lexentry: eng/King_James_Version__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: King James Version
trans_list: Bible du roi Jacques
sense:
(biblical, Christianity) An English translation, published in 1611, of the Bible from the original Hebrew (Old Testament) and Greek (New Testament) commissioned for the Church of England, which is the version most quoted and influential in English literature and English Protestant religious culture.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_England__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of England
trans_list: Royaume d'Angleterre
sense:
A kingdom in western Europe, until the foundation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on 1 May 1707.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_Heaven__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of Heaven
trans_list: Royaume des cieux
sense:
(Christianity) A concept of heaven as a hierarchical dominion with God at the top and a court of saints, archangels and angels.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_Naples__Proper_noun__1
written_rep: Kingdom of Naples
trans_list:
Royaume de Naples | Royaume de Sicile en Deçà du Détroit de Messine | Sicile Citérieure | Sicile Péninsulaire


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_Scotland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of Scotland
trans_list: Royaume d'Écosse
sense:
A kingdom in western Europe, until the foundation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on the First of May 1707.


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of Yugoslavia
trans_list: Royaume de Yougoslavie
sense:
the official name of former Yugoslavia in the interwar period (1929-1943), after Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918-1929)


lexentry: eng/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
trans_list: Royaume des Deux-Siciles
sense:
(historical) A former kingdom in southern Italy with its capital at Palermo and Naples between 1816 and 1861, covering Sicily and most of the present-day Mezzogiorno.


lexentry: eng/Kinshasa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kinshasa
trans_list: Kinshasa
sense:
The capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), in the western part of the country on the Congo River.


lexentry: eng/Kiribati__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kiribati
trans_list: Kiribati
sense:
A country consisting mostly of the Gilbert Islands archipelago, located in Micronesia in Oceania. Official name: Republic of Kiribati. Capital and largest city: South Tarawa.


lexentry: eng/Kitara__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kitara
trans_list: Kitara | Kittara | Kitwara
sense:
(history) A legendary empire in African oral tradition, supposed to have lasted until the 16th century and to have included territory in modern Uganda, northern Tanzania, eastern Congo (DRC), Rwanda, and Burundi.


lexentry: eng/Kitti's_hog-nosed_bat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kitti's hog-nosed bat
trans_list: Kitti à nez de porc
sense:
Craseonycteris thonglongyai, a small bat with a distinctive pig-like snout, found in western Thailand and southeast Burma.


lexentry: eng/Klein_bottle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Klein bottle
trans_list: bouteille de Klein
sense:
(topology) The closed manifold obtained by identifying the boundary components of the annulus so that the resultant surface is nonorientable.


lexentry: eng/Klingon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Klingon
trans_list: Klingon
sense:
(countable) Member of an alien warrior race in the Star Trek universe with distinctive forehead ridges and a culture based on strict observance of honour, loyalty, and combat.


lexentry: eng/Klyazma__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Klyazma
trans_list: Kliazma
sense:
A river wholly within Russia, originating near Solnechnogorsk (Moscow Oblast) in the Moscow Uplands, whence it flows into and through Vladimir Oblast, approximately delineating its border with Ivanovo Oblast from near Repniki to near Mstyora, before returning to Vladimir’s interior, and thereafter approximately delineating its border with Nizhny Novgorod Oblast from near the point at which the river is bridged by the Volga Highway (E22) to its confluence with the Oka, whereof it forms a left tributary.


lexentry: eng/Koblenz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Koblenz
trans_list: Coblence
sense:
An independent city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, at the confluence of the Rhine and Moselle Rivers.


lexentry: eng/Kodiak_bear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kodiak bear
trans_list: ours kodiak
sense:
The largest brown bear, Ursus arctos middendorffi, found on Kodiak Island off the south coast of Alaska, United States.


lexentry: eng/Koine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Koine
trans_list: koinè
sense:
The “common” Greek language that developed and flourished between 300 B.C.E. and 300 C.E. (the time of the Roman Empire), and from which Modern Greek descended. It was based on the Attic and Ionian dialects of Ancient Greek.


lexentry: eng/Kola_Peninsula__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kola Peninsula
trans_list: presqu'île de Kola | péninsule de Kola
sense:
A peninsula in Murmansk Oblast, in the far north of Russia. It borders upon the Barents Sea on the north and the White Sea on the east and south.


lexentry: eng/Komi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komi
trans_list: Komi
sense:
A Finno-Ugric language currently spoken by 200,000 to 400,000 people, depending on source and definition of "speaker", in northeastern European part of Russia.


lexentry: eng/Komodo_dragon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komodo dragon
trans_list: dragon de Komodo | varan de Komodo
sense:
Varanus komodoensis, an endangered species of monitor lizard native to certain Indonesian islands east of Java, the world's largest lizard, growing to 10 feet or 3 meters, known for its ability to kill prey with its septic saliva.


lexentry: eng/Komsomol__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komsomol
trans_list: Komsomol
sense:
(historical) Young Communist League, the former youth wing of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.


lexentry: eng/Komsomolsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Komsomolsk
trans_list: Komsomolsk | Komsomolsk-sur-l’Amour
sense:
A city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, on the Amur river; in full, Komsomolsk-na-Amure or Komsomolsk-on-Amur.


lexentry: eng/Korea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korea
trans_list: Corée
sense:
A nation and peninsula in East Asia. Now divided into two sovereign states, commonly called South Korea and North Korea.


lexentry: eng/Korean_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korean War
trans_list: Guerre de Corée
sense:
(historical) A war fought in the Korean Peninsula from 1950–1953 between the Soviet Union-backed Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the United Nations-backed Republic of Korea.


lexentry: eng/Korean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korean
trans_list: coréen
sense:
(uncountable) Official language of the people residing on the Korean Peninsula, and language of approximately 60 million people, in Asia, North America, and elsewhere.


lexentry: eng/Korean_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Korean studies
trans_list: coréanologie | études coréennes
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literature written in the Korean language, Korean linguistics, and Korean sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Koreanic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Koreanic
trans_list: coréanique
sense:
A language family spoken primarily in the Korean Peninsula, consisting of Korean proper and Jeju together with extinct ancient relatives.


lexentry: eng/Koschei__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Koschei
trans_list: Kochtcheï
sense:
(Slavic mythology) An archetypal male antagonist, described mainly as abducting the hero's wife, and sometimes represented as a skeleton.


lexentry: eng/Kosovo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kosovo
trans_list: Kosovo | Cossovo
sense:
A partly-recognized country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of Kosovo. Capital and largest city: Pristina. Considered by the Republic of Serbia to be one of its two autonomous provinces.


lexentry: eng/Kraken__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kraken
trans_list: kraken
sense:
(Norse mythology) A colossal sea monster that attacks ships and sailors, often portrayed as a giant octopus or squid.


lexentry: eng/Kramatorsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kramatorsk
trans_list: Kramatorsk
sense:
A city in Kramatorsk Hromada, Kramatorsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, in eastern Ukraine; seat of the Donetsk province.


lexentry: eng/Krasnodar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Krasnodar
trans_list: Krasnodar
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, called Yekaterinodar before December 1920.


lexentry: eng/Krebs_cycle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Krebs cycle
trans_list: cycle de Krebs
sense:
(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A series of enzymatic reactions that occurs in all aerobic organisms; it involves the oxidative metabolism of acetyl units, and serves as the main source of cellular energy.


lexentry: eng/Kremlin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kremlin
trans_list: Kremlin
sense:
The Moscow Kremlin; a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia that serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation.


lexentry: eng/Kronstadt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kronstadt
trans_list: Cronstadt
sense:
A municipal town near Saint Petersburg, Russia. Located on Kotlin Island (also known as Retusaari or Reitskär).


lexentry: eng/Kuban__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Kuban
trans_list: Kouban
sense:
(by extension) a geographic region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, Volga delta and the Caucasus.


lexentry: eng/Kufic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kufic
trans_list: coufique | kufi
sense:
Original form of Arabic script, consisting of a modified form of Old South Arabian and old Nabataean scripts.


lexentry: eng/Kuhnian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuhnian
trans_list: kuhnien
sense:
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the philosophy of Thomas Kuhn, especially the theories in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.


lexentry: eng/Kuiper_belt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuiper belt
trans_list: ceinture de Kuiper
sense:
(astronomy) A region of space between 30 and 50 astronomical units from the Sun, roughly confined within a thick band around the ecliptic of the Solar System. This area is populated by many thousands of trans-Neptunian objects.


lexentry: eng/Kuiper_belt_object__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuiper belt object
trans_list: objet de la ceinture de Kuiper
sense:
(astronomy) A trans-Neptunian object (TNO) (a type of minor planet) that has an orbit in the Kuiper belt (between 30-50 AU) with inclinations consistent with the ecliptic.


lexentry: eng/Kuomintang__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuomintang
trans_list: Kuomintang
sense:
A nationalist political party founded under Sun Yat-sen in 1912 that ruled mainland China from 1928 to 1949, now one of three major parties in the Republic of China (Taiwan).


lexentry: eng/Kurd__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kurd
trans_list: Kurde
sense:
A member of the linguistically and culturally distinct people who speak Kurdish and mainly inhabit those parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria sometimes known as Kurdistan.


lexentry: eng/Kurdish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kurdish
trans_list: kurde
sense:
Family of Indo-Iranian languages of Kurdistan (in the Mesopotamia region, from the Zagros of mid-western Iran to the eastern extension of the chain of the Taurus Mountains).


lexentry: eng/Kurdistan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kurdistan
trans_list: Kurdistan
sense:
A region in the Middle East inhabited mostly by the Kurds. It encompasses parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria.


lexentry: eng/Kurgan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Kurgan
trans_list: Kourgan
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Kurgan Oblast, Russia. Originally called Tsaryovo Gorodishche (Russian Царёво Городи́ще n (Carjóvo Gorodíšče)) (1662-1782).


lexentry: eng/Kuril_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuril Islands
trans_list: Îles Kouriles
sense:
An archipelago between Japan and Kamchatka, Russia, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the north Pacific Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Kurmanji__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kurmanji
trans_list: kurmandji | kourmandji
sense:
The Kurdish language with the largest number of speakers, spoken in Turkey, Syria, northernmost Iraq, and parts of Iran and Central Asia.


lexentry: eng/Kursk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Kursk
trans_list: Koursk
sense:
A city in Kursk Oblast, the administrative centre of Kursky Raion and Kursk Oblast, Central Federal District, Russia, first mentioned in 1032, scene in 1943 of the largest battle in human history.


lexentry: eng/Kuwait__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kuwait
trans_list: Koweït
sense:
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: State of Kuwait. Capital: Kuwait City.


lexentry: eng/Kyrgyzstan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Kyrgyzstan
trans_list: Kirghizistan | Kirghizstan
sense:
A country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China. Official name: Kyrgyz Republic. Capital: Bishkek.


lexentry: eng/L'Hôpital's_rule__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: L'Hôpital's rule
trans_list: règle de L'Hôpital
sense:
(mathematics) The rule that the limit of the ratio of two functions equals the limit of the ratio of their derivatives, usable when the former limit is indeterminate and the latter limit exists.


lexentry: eng/LaVeyan_Satanism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: LaVeyan Satanism
trans_list: satanisme LaVeyen
sense:
The atheistic religion of the Church of Satan, which is characterized by materialism and rejects all things supernatural, such as body and soul dualism and the concept of life after death.


lexentry: eng/La_Niña__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: La Niña
trans_list: La Niña
sense:
(sometimes, attributive) A sustained negative sea-surface temperature anomaly of more than 0.5°C across the equatorial zone of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean; the negative phase of the multi-year ENSO cycle, which causes variations in local and regional weather patterns.


lexentry: eng/La_Pérouse_Strait__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: La Pérouse Strait
trans_list: détroit de La Pérouse
sense:
A strait dividing the Russian island of Sakhalin in the north from the Japanese island of Hokkaido, and connecting the Sea of Japan on the west with the Sea of Okhotsk on the east.


lexentry: eng/La_Rochelle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: La Rochelle
trans_list: La Rochelle
sense:
A port city, the capital of the Charente-Maritime department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France, on the Bay of Biscay, formerly in Poitou-Charentes.


lexentry: eng/La_Trobe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: La Trobe
trans_list: La Trobe
sense:
A university in Melbourne, Victoria named after Charles La Trobe, the first lieutenant-governor of Victoria, Australia.


lexentry: eng/Labour_Party__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Labour Party
trans_list: parti travailliste
sense:
Any of various political parties that aim to advance the interests of the working class, often characterized by left-of-centre politics and support for organized labour.


lexentry: eng/Lacerta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lacerta
trans_list: Lézard
sense:
(constellation) An inconspicuous autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a lizard. It lies between the constellations of Cygnus and Andromeda.


lexentry: eng/Laconia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laconia
trans_list: Laconie
sense:
A region in the southern Peloponnese, Greece, which has had Sparta as its capital for over 3,000 years.


lexentry: eng/Ladin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ladin
trans_list: ladin
sense:
A Rhaeto-Romance language (or dialect continuum), spoken primarily in the Italian portion of Tyrol and the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy.


lexentry: eng/Ladino__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ladino
trans_list: ladino
sense:
A Romance language mainly spoken by Sephardic Jews (Wikipedia), derived mainly from Old Castilian (Spanish) and Hebrew.


lexentry: eng/Ladoga__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ladoga
trans_list: lac Ladoga
sense:
A freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, not far from Saint Petersburg. It is the largest lake in Europe.


lexentry: eng/Lady__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lady
trans_list: Dame | Madame
sense:
An aristocratic title for a woman; the wife of a lord and/or a woman who holds the position in her own right; a title for a peeress, the wife of a peer or knight, and the daughters and daughters-in-law of certain peers.


lexentry: eng/Lagrange_point__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lagrange point
trans_list: point de Lagrange
sense:
(astrophysics, orbital mechanics) A point in an orbital configuration of a two-body system where a small object affected only by gravity can theoretically be stationary relative to the two larger objects.


lexentry: eng/Lagrangian_function__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lagrangian function
trans_list: lagrangien
sense:
(mathematics) A function of the generalized coordinates and velocities of a dynamic system from which Lagrange's equations may be derived.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Constance__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Constance
trans_list: Lac de Constance | lac de Constance
sense:
A lake on the Rhine located at the intersection of Germany (Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg), Switzerland (St. Gallen, Thurgau and Schaffhausen) and Austria (Vorarlberg). It consists of two parts, the Obersee in the east and northwest (Überlinger See) and the much smaller Untersee in the west.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Geneva__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Geneva
trans_list: lac Léman | lac de Genève | Lac Léman
sense:
A large lake in Europe, mainly in Switzerland, but with most of its southern shore in France; the city of Geneva is situated at its south-west end.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Michigan-Huron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Michigan-Huron
trans_list: Lac Michigan-Huron
sense:
One of the Great Lakes of North America. Hydrologically a single lake, its two basins are traditionally counted as separate lakes, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Michigan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Michigan
trans_list: Michigan
sense:
One of the Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. Hydrologically, a bay of Lake Michigan–Huron.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Superior__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Superior
trans_list: lac Supérieur | Lac Supérieur
sense:
A lake in North America; the largest of the Great Lakes and second largest lake and largest freshwater lake in the world by area.


lexentry: eng/Lake_Victoria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lake Victoria
trans_list: lac Victoria
sense:
The largest lake in Africa, with shoreline in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania; one of the African Great Lakes.


lexentry: eng/Lamarckism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lamarckism
trans_list: lamarckisme
sense:
(evolutionary theory, historical) The theory that structural variations, characteristic of species and genera, are produced in animals and plants by the direct influence of physical environments, and especially, in the case of animals, by effort, or by use or disuse of certain organs.


lexentry: eng/Lamb_shift__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lamb shift
trans_list: décalage de Lamb | déplacement de Lamb
sense:
(quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics) A small difference between the energy levels 2S½ and 2P½ of the hydrogen atom, not predicted by the Dirac equation, whose detection in the Lamb–Retherford experiment of 1947 foreshadowed the development of quantum electrodynamics (in which the discrepancy is explained to be an effect of the emission and re-absorption of virtual photons); such a difference between otherwise expectedly equal energy levels of hydrogen or any other type of atom.


lexentry: eng/Lampedusa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lampedusa
trans_list: Lampidusa | Lampédouse
sense:
The largest island of the Italian Pelagie Islands, located in the Mediterranean Sea between Malta and Tunisia.


lexentry: eng/Landeshauptmann__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Landeshauptmann
trans_list: gouverneur provincial
sense:
The gubernatorial title of the head of government of an Austrian state and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino, corresponding to the title of minister-president or premier.


lexentry: eng/Landtag__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Landtag
trans_list: parlement du land
sense:
A representative assembly or parliament in German-speaking countries, with some legislative authority.


lexentry: eng/Langlands_programme__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Langlands programme
trans_list: programme de Langlands
sense:
(mathematics) A set of interconnected, far-reaching and consequential conjectures connecting number theory with geometry.


lexentry: eng/Languedoc-Roussillon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Languedoc-Roussillon
trans_list: Languedoc-Roussillon
sense:
A former administrative region of France, made up of Languedoc and Roussillon; in 2016, it became part of the region of Occitania.


lexentry: eng/Languedoc__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Languedoc
trans_list: Languedoc
sense:
A former province of France, in the south of the country; since 2016, part of the region of Occitanie.


lexentry: eng/Lantern_Festival__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lantern Festival
trans_list: fête des lanternes
sense:
A festival marking the end of the Chinese New Year period, celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first month in the Chinese calendar when the first full moon of the year is seen (in February or early March).


lexentry: eng/Laocoön__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laocoön
trans_list: Laocoon
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Trojan priest of Poseidon (or Apollo, depending on the author), whose rules he had defied (or whom he had otherwise offended), who tried to warn his fellow citizens against the Trojan horse. He was killed for this, along with his two sons, by giant snakes sent by Minerva (or Poseidon, or Apollo).


lexentry: eng/Laotian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laotian
trans_list: laotien | lao
sense:
Of, from, or pertaining to the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the Laotian people or the Laotian language.


lexentry: eng/Laozi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laozi
trans_list: Lao Tseu | Laozi
sense:
(Chinese history) An honorific title for the legendary Taoist philosopher Li Er, who supposedly lived in the 6th and 5th centuries BC and (Chinese mythology) has subsequently been worshipped as a Taoist god.


lexentry: eng/Laplace_operator__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laplace operator
trans_list: opérateur laplacien
sense:
(mathematics, physics) A differential operator,denoted ∆ and defined on \mathbb{R}^n as \Delta = \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_i^2}, used in the modeling of wave propagation, heat flow and many other applications.


lexentry: eng/Laplace_transform__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laplace transform
trans_list: transformée de Laplace
sense:
(mathematics) an integral transform of positive real function f(t) to a complex function F(s); given by:


lexentry: eng/Lapland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lapland
trans_list: Laponie
sense:
The northern parts of Scandinavia and Finland with the Kola Peninsula in Russia, traditionally inhabited by the Sami people.


lexentry: eng/Laptev_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laptev Sea
trans_list: mer des Laptev
sense:
A marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located between the eastern coast of Siberia, the Taimyr Peninsula, the Severnaya Zemlya and the New Siberian Islands. The Kara Sea lies to the west, the East Siberian Sea to the east.


lexentry: eng/Larissa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Larissa
trans_list: Larissa
sense:
A city in western Asia Minor, close to the ancient Greek city of Smyrna and to present-day Menemen, Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Larry__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Larry
trans_list: Laurent
sense:
A diminutive of the en given name Laurence or Lawrence, popular as a male given name in the U.S. in the 1940s and the 1950s.


lexentry: eng/Lasha__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lasha
trans_list: Lescha
sense:
Biblical location, appearing only once in the Bible, in the Book of Genesis (10:19) describing one of the limits of the area covered by the Canaanites, believed to be on the east bank of the Dead Sea, later named Callirrhoe (location of hot springs mentioned by Josephus and other authors in the first centuries AD).


lexentry: eng/Late_Antiquity__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Late Antiquity
trans_list: Antiquité tardive
sense:
(history) The period of Mediterranean and Eurasian history from around the 3rd to the 7th centuries C.E., marked especially by the transition from the Roman and Persian Empires to the Middle Ages and the Islamic and Byzantine civilizations.


lexentry: eng/Late_Middle_Ages__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Late Middle Ages
trans_list: Bas Moyen Âge | Moyen Âge tardif
sense:
(history) The period of European history between the High Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, c. 1300 to 1500 CE.


lexentry: eng/Latin_America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin America
trans_list: Amérique latine
sense:
Those parts of the Americas which speak Spanish, Portuguese, French or Creoles based on them, which are Latin-derived languages: South America, Central America, Mexico, and most islands of the Caribbean.


lexentry: eng/Latin_Church__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin Church
trans_list: Église latine
sense:
(Catholicism) One of the 24 particular churches (sui juris) in full communion with the Holy See and the rest of the Catholic Church which uses the Latin liturgical rites.


lexentry: eng/Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin
trans_list: latin
sense:
(uncountable) The language of the ancient Romans, other Latins and of the Roman Catholic church, especially Classical Latin.


lexentry: eng/Latin_alphabet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin alphabet
trans_list: alphabet latin
sense:
The 26-letter alphabet consisting of the following letters (presented in majuscule and minuscule pairs):


lexentry: eng/Latin_square__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latin square
trans_list: carré latin
sense:
(mathematics) An n-by-n arrangement of n different integers such that each row, each column and each of the two diagonals contains each of the integers once and once only.


lexentry: eng/Latinity__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latinity
trans_list: latinité
sense:
(uncountable, countable) The quality of a particular person's Latin speech or writing; the Latin language, as an area of study or interest.


lexentry: eng/Latinize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latinize
trans_list: latiniser
sense:
(transitive) To translate something into the Latin language; or make a word similar in appearance or form to a Latin word.


lexentry: eng/Latino__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latino
trans_list: latina | latino
sense:
(chiefly, _, US) A person, especially and usually (interpreted as) a male, from Latin America, a Hispanic person. (Compare Latina.)


lexentry: eng/Latium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latium
trans_list: Latium
sense:
(historical) A historical region of central Italy, in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire.


lexentry: eng/Latvian_SSR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Latvian SSR
trans_list: RSS de Lettonie
sense:
Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic, the name of Latvia while it was a member republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1940–1941 and 1944–1991).


lexentry: eng/Laurasia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laurasia
trans_list: Laurasia | Laurasie
sense:
(geology) A supercontinent which included most of the landmasses which make up today's continents of the Northern Hemisphere.


lexentry: eng/Laurel__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laurel
trans_list: laurier
sense:
(Mormonism) Formerly a 16- to 17-year-old participant in the Young Women organization of the LDS Church.


lexentry: eng/Lausanne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lausanne
trans_list: Lausanne
sense:
A municipality and city, the capital of Vaud canton, in western Switzerland, in which French is the main language.


lexentry: eng/Laval__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Laval
trans_list: Laval
sense:
(informal) Synonym of Île Jésus, an island in Quebec, Canada, where the city of Laval is located; ellipsis of Island of Laval.


lexentry: eng/Lazarus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lazarus
trans_list: Lazare
sense:
(biblical) Lazarus of Bethany, a man supposedly raised from the dead by Jesus Christ and later (Christianity) revered as a saint.


lexentry: eng/Lazarus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lazarus
trans_list: Lazare
sense:
(biblical) A beggar in a parable by Jesus Christ, traditionally (Christianity) believed to have been a leper and often conflated with Lazarus of Bethany.


lexentry: eng/Lazio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lazio
trans_list: Latium | Lazio
sense:
An administrative region of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country with Rome as its capital. It corresponds to ancient Latium.


lexentry: eng/LePenism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: LePenism
trans_list: lepenisme
sense:
The support or ideals of Jean-Marie Le Pen (French politician and leader of the National Front from 1972 to 2011) and/or Marine Le Pen (his daughter, also a French politician and leader of the National Front since 2011).


lexentry: eng/Le_Chatelier's_principle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Le Chatelier's principle
trans_list: principe de Le Chatelier
sense:
(chemistry) A principle stating that, if a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in concentration, temperature, or total pressure, the equilibrium will shift in order to minimize that change.


lexentry: eng/Le_Havre__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Le Havre
trans_list: Le Havre
sense:
A city and major port beside the mouth of the River Seine in Seine-Maritime department, Normandy, northern France.


lexentry: eng/League_of_Nations__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: League of Nations
trans_list: Société des Nations
sense:
An international organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the First World War. Its goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation, diplomacy and improving global quality of life. The predecessor of the United Nations.


lexentry: eng/Leander__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leander
trans_list: Leándre
sense:
(Greek mythology) The lover of Hero who swam every night across the Hellespont to meet her, and finally was drowned.


lexentry: eng/Leaving_Certificate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leaving Certificate
trans_list: baccalauréat
sense:
(Ireland) The certificate awarded to Irish students who pass the state examinations at the end of secondary school.


lexentry: eng/Lebanon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lebanon
trans_list: Liban
sense:
A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East. Official name: Lebanese Republic. Capital: Beirut. Also (especially formerly) known as "the Lebanon".


lexentry: eng/Leeward_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leeward Islands
trans_list: îles Sous-le-Vent | îles du Vent
sense:
The northern of the Lesser Antilles, consisting of the islands or nations of the Virgin Islands, Anguilla, Saint Martin, Saint-Barthélemy, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Saint Kitts, Nevis, Barbuda, Antigua, Montserrat and Guadeloupe.


lexentry: eng/Lego__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lego
trans_list: Lego
sense:
Any of several small, coloured, plastic bricks, often made by the Lego Company, that can be made to join together and be taken apart, used to construct toy buildings, vehicles, etc.


lexentry: eng/Lemuria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lemuria
trans_list: Lémuries
sense:
(historical) A religious feast of Ancient Rome during which rites were performed to exorcise the malevolent ghosts of the dead from their homes.


lexentry: eng/Lena__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lena
trans_list: Léna
sense:
A major river in Russia, flowing 2,734 miles from the mountains by the lake Baikal to the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/Leningrad__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leningrad
trans_list: Léningrad
sense:
(historical) Saint Petersburg, a major city in Russia, from the time of Lenin's death in 1924 until 1991.


lexentry: eng/Leninism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leninism
trans_list: léninisme
sense:
A political ideology developed by Vladimir Lenin that proposes the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat led by a revolutionary vanguard party, as the political prelude to the establishment of communism.


lexentry: eng/Lent__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lent
trans_list: carême | Carême
sense:
(Christianity) A period of the ecclesiastical year preceding Easter, traditionally involving temporary abstention from certain foods and pleasures.


lexentry: eng/Leo_Minor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leo Minor
trans_list: Petit Lion
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a small lion. It lies north of the constellation Leo and south of Ursa Major.


lexentry: eng/Leo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Leo
trans_list: Lion
sense:
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac, shaped approximately like a lion and containing the stars Regulus and Denebola.


lexentry: eng/Leo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Leo
trans_list: Lion
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the Lion, ruled by the Sun and covering July 23 - August 22 (tropical astrology) or August 16 - September 15 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Lepcha__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lepcha
trans_list: lepcha
sense:
Their language, a Himalayish language in the Sino-Tibetan family, spoken by about 30000-50000 people.


lexentry: eng/Lepontic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lepontic
trans_list: lépontique
sense:
An extinct language attested in Europe until ~100BC, usually considered to be a member of the Celtic family.


lexentry: eng/Lepus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lepus
trans_list: Lièvre
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a rabbit. It lies south of the constellation Orion.


lexentry: eng/Lesbian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lesbian
trans_list: Lesbien | Lesbienne
sense:
(linguistics, uncountable) The variety of Aeolic Greek spoken on Lesbos from about 800 to 300 b.c., best known from the writings of Sappho and Alcaeus of Mytilene.


lexentry: eng/Lessepsian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lessepsian
trans_list: lessepsien | lessepsienne
sense:
(marine biology) Of or relating to organisms that migrate from the Red Sea to the eastern Mediterranean Sea by means of the Suez Canal.


lexentry: eng/Lesser_Caucasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lesser Caucasus
trans_list: Petit Caucase
sense:
the second of the two main mountain ranges of Caucasus mountains, which runs parallel to the Greater Caucasus and limits the Armenian Highland from the North and North-East.


lexentry: eng/Lethean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lethean
trans_list: léthéen
sense:
(chiefly, poetic, Greek mythology) Of or relating to the river Lethe, one of the four rivers of Hades. Those who drank from it experienced complete forgetfulness.


lexentry: eng/Levant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Levant
trans_list: Levant
sense:
The countries bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea, namely Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus (and sometimes, especially in a historical context, also including Turkey and Egypt, then part of the Ottoman Empire).


lexentry: eng/Leyden_jar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Leyden jar
trans_list: bouteille de Leyde
sense:
(electrical engineering, historical) A glass jar or bottle used to accumulate static electricity between two electrodes.


lexentry: eng/Lezhë__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lezhë
trans_list: Alexis
sense:
A growing town in northwestern Albania, located 5-6 km southeast of Shëngjin slightly northeast of the southern mouth of the river Drin (Small Drin), which passes through the town; the town is best known for being one of the former centres of the Illyrian kingdom and for its typically Illyrian fortification walls; it is the seat of its eponymous county, municipality and municipal unit.


lexentry: eng/Libra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Libra
trans_list: Balance
sense:
(astrology) The astrological sign for the scales, ruled by Venus and covering September 24 - October 23 (tropical astrology) or October 16 - November 16 (sidereal astrology).


lexentry: eng/Limburgish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Limburgish
trans_list: limbourgeois
sense:
A Germanic language or dialect continuum spoken near the common border between the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany.


lexentry: eng/Limoges__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Limoges
trans_list: Limoges
sense:
A city, the capital of the Haute-Vienne department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France, formerly the capital of the old Limousin region.


lexentry: eng/Limos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Limos
trans_list: Limos
sense:
(Greek god) A child of Eris, Limos is the deity/personification of famine and starvation. The Roman counterpart is Fames.


lexentry: eng/Linear_A__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Linear A
trans_list: linéaire A
sense:
(archaeology, linguistics) A syllabary used to write the as-yet-undeciphered Minoan language, and an apparent predecessor to other scripts, such as Linear B.


lexentry: eng/Linear_B__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Linear B
trans_list: linéaire B
sense:
(archaeology, linguistics) A syllabary used to write Mycenaean Greek in the second millennium BC, before the invention of the Greek alphabet.


lexentry: eng/Lingala__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lingala
trans_list: lingala
sense:
A Bantu language spoken throughout the northwestern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) and a large part of the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), as well as to some degree in Angola and the Central African Republic.


lexentry: eng/Lingua_Franca_Nova__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lingua Franca Nova
trans_list: lingua franca nova
sense:
A constructed language created by C. George Boeree based on French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Catalan using either Latin or Cyrillic alphabets with grammar based on that of Romance Creoles.


lexentry: eng/Linnaeus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Linnaeus
trans_list: Linné
sense:
Carl (or the latinized Carolus) Linnaeus, also known as Carl von Linné, Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy."


lexentry: eng/Linux__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Linux
trans_list: Linux
sense:
(computing, strictly) The Unix-like open-source computer operating system kernel created by Linus Torvalds in 1991.


lexentry: eng/Linz__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Linz
trans_list: Linz
sense:
The capital of, and largest city in, the state of Upper Austria, Austria, and the third-largest city in the country.


lexentry: eng/Lion_of_Judah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lion of Judah
trans_list: Lion de Juda
sense:
(Judaism) a Jewish national and cultural symbol, traditionally regarded as a symbol of the tribe of Judah.


lexentry: eng/Lipari__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lipari
trans_list: Lipari
sense:
The largest of the Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the northern coast of Sicily, southern Italy.


lexentry: eng/Lisbon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lisbon
trans_list: Lisbonne
sense:
A port city on the Iberian Peninsula, at the mouth of the Tagus River on the Atlantic Ocean; capital city of Portugal.


lexentry: eng/Liszt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Liszt
trans_list: Liszt
sense:
(astronomy) An asteroid in Asteroid Belt, Solar System, discovered in 1988 and named for the composer. Official name: 3910 Liszt. Provisional name: 1988 SF.


lexentry: eng/Lithuanian_SSR__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lithuanian SSR
trans_list: RSS lituanien
sense:
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, the name for the Republic of Lithuania while under the rule of the Soviet Union (1940–1991, name changed in 1990).


lexentry: eng/Little_Colorado__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Little Colorado
trans_list: Petit Colorado
sense:
A tributary of the Colorado in Arizona, United States, providing the principal drainage from the Painted Desert region.


lexentry: eng/Little_Maghreb__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Little Maghreb
trans_list: Petit Maghreb
sense:
A neighbourhood of Saint Michel district, Villeray-Saint Michel-Park Extension borough, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.


lexentry: eng/Little_Red_Riding_Hood__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Little Red Riding Hood
trans_list: Petit Chaperon rouge
sense:
A fairy tale about a young girl who walks through the forest to visit her grandmother and encounters the Big Bad Wolf (or another vicious wolf, or werewolf in archaic versions).


lexentry: eng/Little_Russian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Little Russian
trans_list: Petit-Russien | Petite-Russienne
sense:
(historical, chiefly in a Russian Empire context) A native or inhabitant of Little Russia (i.e. Ukraine).


lexentry: eng/Liturgy_of_the_Hours__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Liturgy of the Hours
trans_list: heures canoniales
sense:
(Catholicism) A liturgy for daily use at each of the canonical hours obligatory to all Catholic bishops, priests, and transitional deacons and composed of psalms, hymns, and readings but lacking the eucharist.


lexentry: eng/Liverpool__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Liverpool
trans_list: Liverpool
sense:
A city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England; an important seaport in the United Kingdom, and once one of the biggest in the world.


lexentry: eng/Livonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Livonia
trans_list: Livonie
sense:
(historic) A historical region in the Baltic, south of the Gulf of Finland, now divided and constituting southern Estonia and northern Latvia.


lexentry: eng/Local_Group__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Local Group
trans_list: Groupe local
sense:
(astronomy) The small cluster of galaxies that contains the Milky Way Galaxy; includes Andromeda, Triangulum, the Large Magellanic Cloud, Small Magellanic Cloud and others.


lexentry: eng/Loch_Ness__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Loch Ness
trans_list: Loch Ness
sense:
A lake in the Great Glen of Scotland, United Kingdom, the second largest in Britain, and with a maximum depth of 226 metres. It is the alleged home of the Loch Ness monster, Nessie.


lexentry: eng/Loch_Ness_monster__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Loch Ness monster
trans_list: monstre du Loch Ness
sense:
(cryptozoology) A large creature believed by some to inhabit Loch Ness in Scotland. It is said to have a long neck and one or more humps that protrude from the water.


lexentry: eng/Loir__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Loir
trans_list: Loir
sense:
A left tributary of the Sarthe in Centre-Val de Loire and Pays de la Loire, France, indirectly a tributary of the Loire.


lexentry: eng/Lojban__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lojban
trans_list: lojban
sense:
An artificial language created by Logical Language Group designed to be logical, based on the earlier Loglan.


lexentry: eng/Loki__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Loki
trans_list: Loki
sense:
(Norse mythology) The god of mischief and trickery; growing progressively evil, he kills Balder, and is bound until Ragnarok, the end of the world.


lexentry: eng/Lombard_rate__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lombard rate
trans_list: taux lombard
sense:
(finance) An interest rate charged by a central bank for very short-term loans to other banks against an approved collateral.


lexentry: eng/Lombardy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lombardy
trans_list: Lombardie
sense:
An administrative region in northern Italy, where its capital and the largest city Milan is founded in the Po Valley.


lexentry: eng/London__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: London
trans_list: londonien | de Londres
sense:
The capital city of the United Kingdom; capital city of England. Situated on the tidal River Thames in southeast England, with a metropolitan population of more than 13,000,000.


lexentry: eng/London__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: London
trans_list: Londres
sense:
A former administrative county in England, created in 1889 from parts of Kent, Middlesex and Surrey, and merged into Greater London in 1965.


lexentry: eng/Lord's_Prayer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lord's Prayer
trans_list: Notre Père
sense:
The prayer which, according to the New Testament of the Bible, Jesus Christ taught his disciples in the Sermon on the Mount.


lexentry: eng/Lord__Noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Lord
trans_list: lord
sense:
An additional title added to denote the dignity of certain high officials, such as the "Lord Mayors" of major cities in the British Commonwealth


lexentry: eng/Lorentz-Fitzgerald_contraction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction
trans_list: contraction des longueurs
sense:
The decrease in length of a moving object in the direction of motion, measurable only at relativistic speeds.


lexentry: eng/Lorentz_transformation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lorentz transformation
trans_list: transformation de Lorentz
sense:
(mathematics, relativity) A transformation relating the spacetime coordinates of one frame of reference to another in special relativity.


lexentry: eng/Lorraine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lorraine
trans_list: Lorraine
sense:
A former administrative region and former duchy in eastern France; since 2016 part of the region of Grand Est.


lexentry: eng/Lorrainian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lorrainian
trans_list: lorrain roman
sense:
The Rhine Franconian (and hence West Central German, Central German, High German) dialect spoken in Lorraine; Lorraine Franconian.


lexentry: eng/Los_Angeles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Los Angeles
trans_list: Los Angeles
sense:
A city and port, the county seat of Los Angeles County, the largest city in California, and the 2nd largest in the United States, famed for being the center of the American film industry.


lexentry: eng/Lot__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lot
trans_list: Lot
sense:
One of the departments of Occitanie, France, formerly in Midi-Pyrénées. Capital: Cahors (INSEE code 46)


lexentry: eng/Louisiana_Creole__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Louisiana Creole
trans_list: courez-venez | créole louisianais | français cassé | gombo
sense:
A French-based creole with elements of Spanish, Native American and West African languages spoken by the Louisiana Creole people.


lexentry: eng/Louisiana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Louisiana
trans_list: Louisiane
sense:
A state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. Capital: Baton Rouge. Largest city: New Orleans.


lexentry: eng/Lourdes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lourdes
trans_list: Lourdes
sense:
A town in the Hautes-Pyrénées department, Occitanie in the French Pyrenees, and site of a large Catholic pilgrimage.


lexentry: eng/Low_German__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Low German
trans_list: bas allemand | bas saxon
sense:
(linguistics) Any of a number of West Germanic languages, primarily spoken in northern Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium, that did not undergo the High German consonant shift; the group thereof.


lexentry: eng/Low_Germany__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Low Germany
trans_list: Allemagne du Nord
sense:
(dated) Northern Germany, the low-lying land of the German people in Central Europe around the North and Baltic seas.


lexentry: eng/Low_Saxon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Low Saxon
trans_list: bas saxon
sense:
A group of related dialects of Low German, spoken in northern Germany and parts of the Netherlands, formerly also in Denmark.


lexentry: eng/Lower_Egypt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lower Egypt
trans_list: Basse-Égypte
sense:
(Egyptology) The half of Ancient Egypt north of Memphis, the Nile Delta, so named because the Nile flows South to North.


lexentry: eng/Lucasian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lucasian
trans_list: lucasien
sense:
(mathematics) Of or pertaining to Henry Lucas (c. 1610–1663), Member of Parliament for Cambridge University and founder of the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics.


lexentry: eng/Lucifer__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lucifer
trans_list: Lucifer
sense:
(biblical) The King of Babylon who was compared to the planet Venus in first the Wycliffe version then the King James Version of Isaiah 14:12; it is unclear whether this verse refers to a specific king or to a representation of the entire line of kings of Babylon.


lexentry: eng/Lucina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lucina
trans_list: Lucine
sense:
An epithet of the Roman goddess Juno or (less often) Diana in the role of goddess of childbirth, midwives, and newborns.


lexentry: eng/Lucy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Lucy
trans_list: Lucie
sense:
A surname from Old French derived from place names in Normandy based on a male personal name, from Latin Lucius.


lexentry: eng/Luddite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luddite
trans_list: luddite
sense:
(historical) Any of a group of early-19th-century English textile workers who destroyed machinery because it would harm their livelihood.


lexentry: eng/Ludwig's_angina__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ludwig's angina
trans_list: angine de Ludwig
sense:
(otorhinolaryngology, pathology) A serious, potentially life-threatening infection of the floor of the mouth, usually occurring in adults with concomitant dental infections, and if left untreated, may obstruct the airways, necessitating tracheotomy.


lexentry: eng/Luhansk_People's_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luhansk People's Republic
trans_list: République populaire de Lougansk
sense:
A Russian-backed, partially-recognized secessionist state proclaimed in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine on the 27th of April, 2014.


lexentry: eng/Luhansk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luhansk
trans_list: Louhansk | Lougansk
sense:
(city) A city, the administrative capital of Luhansk Raion, Luhansk Oblast, in the Donbas region, in eastern Ukraine, former administrative capital of the eponymous provonce.


lexentry: eng/Luke__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Luke
trans_list: Luc | Lucas
sense:
Luke the Evangelist, an early Christian credited with the authorship of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles.


lexentry: eng/Luke__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Luke
trans_list: Luc | Lc | Lucas
sense:
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Luke, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the third of the four gospels.


lexentry: eng/Lunar_New_Year__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lunar New Year
trans_list: nouvel an chinois
sense:
An annual holiday of several cultures that marks the beginning of a new year according to a lunar or lunisolar calendar, as opposed to a new year dictated by a solar calendar such as the Julian or Gregorian calendars.


lexentry: eng/Lupus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lupus
trans_list: Loup
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a wolf. It lies south of the constellation Libra.


lexentry: eng/Lusignan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lusignan
trans_list: Lusignan
sense:
member of a royal house of French origin, which at various times ruled several principalities in Europe and the Levant, including the kingdoms of Jerusalem, Cyprus, and Armenia, from the 12th through the 15th centuries during the Middle Ages


lexentry: eng/Lutheran__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lutheran
trans_list: luthérien
sense:
(Christianity) Of or pertaining to the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546) or his followers, or the Lutheran church.


lexentry: eng/Lutheran__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lutheran
trans_list: luthérien | luthérienne
sense:
(Christianity) A member of any of the Christian churches which identify with the theology of Martin Luther.


lexentry: eng/Lutheranism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lutheranism
trans_list: luthéranisme | luthérianisme
sense:
The Christian denomination based on the beliefs and doctrines developed by Martin Luther and his immediate followers.


lexentry: eng/Luwian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luwian
trans_list: louvite
sense:
an extinct language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family, spoken in the 2nd millennium BC and recorded in both hieroglyphic and cuneiform scripts.


lexentry: eng/Luxembourg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luxembourg
trans_list: Luxembourg
sense:
A small country in Western Europe. Official name: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Capital and largest city: Luxembourg.


lexentry: eng/Luxembourgish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Luxembourgish
trans_list: luxembourgeois
sense:
A Germanic language spoken in Luxembourg and, traditionally, around the city of Arlon (Belgium); originally included in the Moselle Franconian group of High German dialects, but now usually regarded as a separate language due to its standardisation and official use in the state of Luxembourg.


lexentry: eng/Lycia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lycia
trans_list: Lycie
sense:
(historical) An ancient region and Roman province in the southwest of Asia Minor, between Caria and Pamphylia.


lexentry: eng/Lydian_mode__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lydian mode
trans_list: lydien | mode lydien
sense:
(music) a mode whose scale is the same as a major key with the fourth scale degree raised by one half step, with the interval pattern:


lexentry: eng/Lyman__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lyman
trans_list: Lyman
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of the urban hromada of the same name, Kramatorsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, founded in 1667 or 1678


lexentry: eng/Lyme_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lyme disease
trans_list: borréliose | maladie de Lyme
sense:
(disease) Infection by one of three or more subspecies of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by four species of tick in genus Ixodes. Symptoms include a rash followed by fever, joint pain, and headaches.


lexentry: eng/Lynx__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lynx
trans_list: Lynx
sense:
(constellation) A faint spring constellation of the northern sky. It lies north of the constellation Cancer.


lexentry: eng/Lyra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lyra
trans_list: Lyre
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a lyre. It includes the bright star Vega and the Ring Nebula.


lexentry: eng/Lys__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lys
trans_list: Lys
sense:
A river in Hauts-de-France, France and Belgium, and a left tributary of the Scheldt at Gent. This is the French spelling: the Dutch and German spelling is Leie.


lexentry: eng/Lübeck__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Lübeck
trans_list: Lübeck
sense:
A city in Schleswig-Holstein, north-central Germany, northeast of Hamburg; a major Baltic port and industrial center, the present city dates from 1143 and was the leading town of the Hanseatic League after its designation as a free city in 1226; it retained that status until 1937.


lexentry: eng/M!slash!S__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: M/S
trans_list: N/M
sense:
(nautical) Initialism of motor ship. – a ship propelled by an internal combustion engine, such as a diesel engine, in contrast to sailing ships and steamships


lexentry: eng/M-theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: M-theory
trans_list: théorie M
sense:
(physics) A generalized theory of eleven-dimensional supergravity that attempts to unify the five superstring theories


lexentry: eng/MAC_address__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MAC address
trans_list: adresse MAC
sense:
(computing, networking) Media Access Control address; a unique identifying number assigned to most network devices.


lexentry: eng/MOOC__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MOOC
trans_list: CLOM
sense:
A massive open online course designed for a very large enrollment, offered on the World Wide Web by an educational institution and typically free of charge.


lexentry: eng/MP3_player__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MP3 player
trans_list: lecteur MP3
sense:
An electronic device for playing digital audio files in the MP3 format and, in many cases, files in some other formats, as well as including a radio function.


lexentry: eng/MPV__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MPV
trans_list: monospace
sense:
Initialism of multipurpose vehicle: a minivan, station wagon/estate car, large car, or, small/minibus, designed to be used on- and off-road and easily convertible to facilitate either carrying people or loading goods.


lexentry: eng/MRSA__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MRSA
trans_list: SARM
sense:
(microbiology, medicine) Initialism of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; a bacterium responsible for serious infections.


lexentry: eng/MTC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: MTC
trans_list: STM
sense:
(transport) the Montreal Transit Corporation — the public transit corporation for the megacity and Island of Montreal; it replaced the MUCTC in 2002.


lexentry: eng/MTC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: MTC
trans_list: CTM
sense:
(transport) the Montreal Transit Commission — the public transit commission for the island and City of Montreal; it was replaced by the MUCTC in 1970, it replaced the Montreal Tramways Co. in 1950 when the latter was nationalized.


lexentry: eng/MTC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: MTC
trans_list: CTM | MTC
sense:
(transport) the Montreal Tramways Company (Montreal Tramways Co.) — the public transit company of the island of Montreal; the company was nationalized in 1950 and replaced by the Montreal Transit Commission, it was formed in 1911 by the merger of several previous companies.


lexentry: eng/MUCTC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MUCTC
trans_list: STCUM
sense:
(transport) the Montreal Urban Community Transit Corporation — the public transit corporation for the Montreal Urban Community; it was replaced by the MTC in 2002, it replaced the Montreal Urban Community Transit Commission in 1985.


lexentry: eng/MUCTC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: MUCTC
trans_list: CTCUM | STCUM
sense:
(transport) the Montreal Urban Community Transit Commission — the public transit commission for the Montreal Urban Community; it was replaced by the Montreal Urban Community Transit Corporation in 1985, it replaced the MTC in 1970.


lexentry: eng/MUC__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: MUC
trans_list: CUM
sense:
(government, acronym) the Montreal Urban Community — the supramunicipal level of government for the island of Montreal and several surrounding islands. It was formed in 1970, and in 2002 it was replaced by the MMC, it area was subsumed into the megacity of Montreal. It was reformed in 2006 as the Montreal Agglomeration Council (Conseil d'agglomération de Montréal).


lexentry: eng/Maastrichtian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Maastrichtian
trans_list: Maastrichtien
sense:
(geology) in the ICS geologic timescale, the last stage or age of the Cretaceous period, and of the Mesozoic era, preceded by the Campanian and succeeded by the Danian period.


lexentry: eng/Macanese__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Macanese
trans_list: macanais | macanéen
sense:
(chiefly, in the plural) A member of an ethnic group from Macau of mixed European (usually Portuguese) and Asian (usually Chinese) origin.


lexentry: eng/Macaronesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Macaronesia
trans_list: Macaronésie
sense:
A group of islands in the North Atlantic: the Azores, the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Madeira and the Savage Islands.


lexentry: eng/Macau__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Macau
trans_list: Macao
sense:
A special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, west of Hong Kong, previously under Portuguese control.


lexentry: eng/Maccabee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maccabee
trans_list: Maccabée
sense:
(biblical) A member of the Maccabees (a liberation movement in Israel who established Jewish independence in the Land of Israel in the second and first centuries BC).


lexentry: eng/Maccabees__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maccabees
trans_list: Maccabées
sense:
(biblical) One of two books of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.


lexentry: eng/Macedonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Macedonia
trans_list: Macédoine
sense:
An ancient Greek kingdom, located to the north of Thessaly, comprising the Greek city of Thessaloniki and its surroundings.


lexentry: eng/Macedonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Macedonia
trans_list: Macédoine | République de Macédoine
sense:
A geographical region which includes the Republic of North Macedonia, the Greek region of Macedonia, the Pirin region of Bulgaria, and small parts of Albania and Serbia.


lexentry: eng/Machiavelli__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Machiavelli
trans_list: Machiavel
sense:
Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527), Italian statesman and writer, whose work The Prince (1532) advises that acquiring and exercising power may require unethical methods.


lexentry: eng/Machiavellian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Machiavellian
trans_list: machiavélique
sense:
Attempting to achieve goals by cunning, scheming, and unscrupulous methods, especially in politics or in advancing one's career.


lexentry: eng/Machiavellianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Machiavellianism
trans_list: machiavélisme
sense:
(philosophy, politics) A political philosophy, based on the writings of Machiavelli, especially The Prince, that advocates the use of ruthlessness and duplicity in political dealings.


lexentry: eng/Machmeter__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Machmeter
trans_list: machmètre
sense:
(aviation) An instrument that measures the speed of an aircraft relative to that of sound and displays it in Mach numbers.


lexentry: eng/Madagascar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Madagascar
trans_list: Madagascar
sense:
An island and country off the east coast of Africa. Official name: Republic of Madagascar. Capital: Antananarivo.


lexentry: eng/Madonna__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Madonna
trans_list: Madone
sense:
(Christianity, sometimes with definite article) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, especially in Catholic contexts.


lexentry: eng/Mafia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mafia
trans_list: mafia
sense:
Any other specific organized crime syndicate operating internationally in high-level organized crime; often with a modifying adjective, such as a nationality.


lexentry: eng/Mafia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mafia
trans_list: maffia
sense:
The international criminal organization of Sicilian origin operating in Italy and the United States.


lexentry: eng/Maghreb__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maghreb
trans_list: Maghreb
sense:
A region of North Africa. Northwest Africa, the region of Africa north of the Sahara and west of the Nile. The lands of the Maghreb are generally considered to be the coastal plains of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and western Libya.


lexentry: eng/Magi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Magi
trans_list: Rois mages
sense:
(Christianity) Chiefly preceded by the (three): the wise men who visited and gave gifts to the baby Jesus at the Epiphany (traditionally considered to be three in number and sometimes named Balthazar, Caspar, and Melchior, but the Bible does not state how many there were or their names).


lexentry: eng/Magna_Carta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Magna Carta
trans_list: Magna Carta
sense:
(historical) A charter granted by King John to the barons at Runnymede in 1215, which is one of the bases of English constitutional tradition; a physical copy of this charter, or a later version.


lexentry: eng/Magna_Graecia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Magna Graecia
trans_list: Grande Grèce | Grande-Grèce
sense:
(historical) The ancient coastal regions of Sicily and southern Italy once colonized by Greek settlers.


lexentry: eng/Mahabharata__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mahabharata
trans_list: Mahabharata
sense:
(Hinduism, mythology) An ancient Sanskrit epic concerning some text of the Bhagavad Gita, including elaborations on theology and morality.


lexentry: eng/Mahdi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mahdi
trans_list: mahdi
sense:
(Sunni, _, Islam) A leader who, according to Sunni eschatology, will appear and restore peace and justice before the end of the world. [from 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Mahé__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mahé
trans_list: Mahé
sense:
A former French enclave comprising the town of Mahé and a few neigbouring towns, in the colonial part of French India.


lexentry: eng/Maillard_reaction__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maillard reaction
trans_list: réaction de Maillard
sense:
(organic chemistry) The condensation reaction of an amino acid and a reducing sugar, followed by polymerization to form brown pigments - melanoidins; one of the causes of browning during cooking. [from 1910s]


lexentry: eng/Main_Street__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Main Street
trans_list: rue principale
sense:
The generic street name (and often the official name) of the primary retail street of a village, town, or small city in the United States, Canada, Ireland, some parts of Scotland and also in some countries in central Europe.


lexentry: eng/Maine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Maine
trans_list: Maine
sense:
A state of the United States; probably named for the province in France. Capital: Augusta. Largest city: Portland.


lexentry: eng/Malabar_Coast__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malabar Coast
trans_list: Côte de Malabar
sense:
(historical) The western coast of the Indian subcontinent, more appropriately towards the southern part of it. A region in the southwest of India. Principally the present state of Kerala.


lexentry: eng/Malagasy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Malagasy
trans_list: malgache
sense:
(uncountable) The languages of Madagascar or of the Malagasy people, when considered to be one language.


lexentry: eng/Malay__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay
trans_list: malais
sense:
Of or relating to the Malays, a people living in Brunei, on the eastern coast of Sumatra, the islands of Bangka and Belitung, the Riau archipelago and the coastal areas of Kalimantan in Indonesia, in most of Malaysia (states where they are politically dominant), in Singapore and in the southernmost provinces of Thailand.


lexentry: eng/Malay__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay
trans_list: Malais | Malaise
sense:
(countable) A person of Malay ancestry, referring to a diverse group of Austronesian peoples inhabiting the Malay archipelago and Malay peninsula in Southeast Asia.


lexentry: eng/Malay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malay
trans_list: malais
sense:
(broad sense) The Malay language, an Austronesian language spoken by most Malay people and by others where it is an official language, including under the name Indonesian.


lexentry: eng/Malayan_night_heron__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Malayan night heron
trans_list: bihoreau malais
sense:
A medium-sized heron, Gorsachius melanolophus, distributed in southern and eastern Asia, and breeding in India, Taiwan, China, and the Philippines.


lexentry: eng/Maldives__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maldives
trans_list: Maldives
sense:
An archipelago and country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India. Official name: Republic of Maldives. Capital: Malé.


lexentry: eng/Mameluke__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mameluke
trans_list: mamelouk
sense:
(historical) A member of various military regimes in the Middle East established and run by freed white slave soldiers, mainly from the Eurasian steppe or the Caucasus; in particular, those who formed a ruling caste in Egypt from 1250 until 1812 and in Syria from 1260 until 1516.


lexentry: eng/Manchester__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Manchester
trans_list: Manchester
sense:
The largest city in New Hampshire, United States and one of the two county seats of Hillsborough County.


lexentry: eng/Manchukuo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Manchukuo
trans_list: Mandchoukouo
sense:
A puppet state of Imperial Japan, existing from 1932 to 1945, conceived as a purported Manchu nation-state under the restored Qing dynasty. Capital: Hsinking (Changchun).


lexentry: eng/Manchuria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Manchuria
trans_list: Mandchourie
sense:
(historical) The area traditionally inhabited by the Manchu people and their Jurchen predecessors, in modern China and Russia.


lexentry: eng/Mandaeism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mandaeism
trans_list: mandéisme
sense:
A monotheistic religion of the Iraq region with a strongly dualistic and gnostic worldview, whose adherents (the Mandaeans) revere Adam and other Biblical figures, especially John the Baptist.


lexentry: eng/Mandarin__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mandarin
trans_list: mandarin
sense:
Standard Mandarin, an official language of China and Taiwan, and one of four official languages in Singapore; Putonghua, Guoyu or Huayu.


lexentry: eng/Mandelbrot_set__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mandelbrot set
trans_list: ensemble de Mandelbrot
sense:
(mathematics) the set of complex numbers c for which the orbit of 0 under iteration of the complex quadratic polynomial zn+1 = zn2 + c remains bounded. The boundary of this set is a fractal.


lexentry: eng/Manhattan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Manhattan
trans_list: Manhattan
sense:
Ellipsis of Borough of Manhattan.; A borough of New York City, New York, United States, mainly on Manhattan Island, coterminous with New York County.


lexentry: eng/Manichaean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Manichaean
trans_list: manichéen
sense:
(by extension) Of or relating to a worldview of distinct good and evil, especially to the exclusion of other possible categories.


lexentry: eng/Manichaeism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Manichaeism
trans_list: manichéisme
sense:
(religion) A syncretic, dualistic religion that combines elements of Zoroastrian, Christian, and Gnostic thought, founded by the Iranian prophet Mani in 3rd century AD.


lexentry: eng/Mantineia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mantineia
trans_list: Mantinée
sense:
(historical) A city in ancient Arcadia, Greece that was the site of two significant battles in Classical Greek history.


lexentry: eng/Mantoux_test__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mantoux test
trans_list: test Mantoux
sense:
(immunology) A skin test for tuberculosis, involving an injection of PPD (purified protein derivative).


lexentry: eng/Manx__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Manx
trans_list: manx
sense:
A breed of domestic cat native to the Isle of Man, principally characterized by suppression of the tail, and with a short-haired coat and rounded, cobby body.


lexentry: eng/Manx_cat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Manx cat
trans_list: chat Manx
sense:
A domestic cat of a breed that is native to the Isle of Man, principally characterized by suppression of the tail, and with a short-haired coat and a medium-sized, rounded, cobby body.


lexentry: eng/Manzonian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Manzonian
trans_list: manzonien
sense:
(literature) Of, pertaining to, or in the style of Alessandro Manzoni (1785–1873), Italian poet and novelist.


lexentry: eng/Maoism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maoism
trans_list: maoïsme
sense:
The philosophy espoused by Chinese leader Mao Zedong, a form of Marxism-Leninism that focuses on the peasantry as the revolutionary vanguard.


lexentry: eng/Maratha__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maratha
trans_list: Marathe
sense:
A Hindu caste (or caste cluster) that is particularly associated with the Indian state of Maharashtra; a member of said caste.


lexentry: eng/Maratha__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Maratha
trans_list: Marathe
sense:
(more broadly, among historians) A Marathi-speaking people particularly associated with Maharashtra; a member of said people (regardless of caste); frequently used attributively.


lexentry: eng/Marathi__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marathi
trans_list: marathe
sense:
Pertaining to the state of Maharashtra, to the Marathi-speaking people from the state, or to the Marathi language.


lexentry: eng/Marathi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marathi
trans_list: Marathe
sense:
A person of a Marathi-speaking people from the state of Maharashtra; a person of or from Maharashtra.


lexentry: eng/Marathon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marathon
trans_list: Marathon
sense:
A town in Attica, Greece, the site of the victory in 490 BC of heavily outnumbered Athenians against Persians.


lexentry: eng/March__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: March
trans_list: mars
sense:
The third month of the Gregorian calendar, following February and preceding April. Abbreviation: Mar or Mar.


lexentry: eng/Marcionism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marcionism
trans_list: marcionisme
sense:
(Christianity) An early Christian following akin to but distinct from gnosticism which rejected the validity of the Old Testament and essentially denied the Trinity, regarding God the Father as an inferior demiurge, and that Jesus had nothing to do with the First Person of the Trinity.


lexentry: eng/Mariana_Trench__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mariana Trench
trans_list: Fosse des Mariannes
sense:
(oceanography) A submarine trench in the North Pacific Ocean, noted for having the deepest known point on Earth.


lexentry: eng/Marinette__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Marinette
trans_list: Marinette
sense:
A former ghost town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, named after Marinette, Wisconsin; Sun City now occupies its old site.


lexentry: eng/Marinette__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Marinette
trans_list: Marinette
sense:
A city, the county seat of Marinette County, Wisconsin, United States. Named after Marie Antoinette Chevalier, an Indian woman.


lexentry: eng/Marinid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marinid
trans_list: Mérinide
sense:
(historical) A member of a dynasty of Zenata Berber descent that ruled Morocco from the 13th to the 15th century.


lexentry: eng/Mariolatry__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mariolatry
trans_list: mariolâtrie
sense:
(Protestantism, derogatory) Adoration or veneration of the Virgin Mary to an extent regarded as inappropriate or even idolatrous. [from early 17th c.]


lexentry: eng/Mariupol__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mariupol
trans_list: Marioupol
sense:
A city in Mariupol Raion, Donetsk Oblast, in eastern Ukraine, on the shore of the Sea of Azov, of the Black Sea.


lexentry: eng/Mark__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Mark
trans_list: Marc
sense:
Mark the Evangelist, also called John Mark, the first patriarch of Alexandria, credited with the authorship of the Gospel of Mark.


lexentry: eng/Mark__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Mark
trans_list: Marc
sense:
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Mark, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the second of the four gospels.


lexentry: eng/Marne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Marne
trans_list: Marne
sense:
One of the departments of Champagne-Ardenne, now of Grand Est, France. Capital: Châlons-en-Champagne (INSEE code 51).


lexentry: eng/Marotiri__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marotiri
trans_list: Îlots de Bass
sense:
A group of uninhabited volcanic rocks with a total surface of 4 ha in the Bass Islands at the southeastern end of the Austral Islands of French Polynesia.


lexentry: eng/Marrano__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marrano
trans_list: marrane
sense:
(historical) Any of the Sephardi Jews who stayed in Iberia during the Spanish Inquisition, and continued to practice Judaism in secret.


lexentry: eng/Marseille__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marseille
trans_list: Marseille
sense:
The capital city of the Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.


lexentry: eng/Marshall_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marshall Islands
trans_list: îles Marshall | Îles Marshall
sense:
A country consisting of two archipelagos in Micronesia, in Oceania. Official name: Republic of the Marshall Islands. Capital and largest city: Majuro.


lexentry: eng/Martial__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Martial
trans_list: Martial
sense:
A en given name, narrowly applied to certain historic persons (but some of its foreign cognates are modern given names).


lexentry: eng/Martinique__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Martinique
trans_list: Martinique
sense:
An island, overseas department, and administrative region of France, in the Caribbean. Official name: Department of Martinique.


lexentry: eng/Marxian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marxian
trans_list: marxien | marxiste
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or influenced by the 19th-century philosopher Karl Marx and his political and economic theories; now often distinguished from Marxist by the nuance that one does not necessarily adhere to Marxism itself. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Marxism-Leninism-Maoism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marxism-Leninism-Maoism
trans_list: marxisme-léninisme-maoïsme
sense:
(politics, communism) A communist ideological stream which seeks to synthesize Marxism-Leninism and Maoism and which proponents believe is the highest stage of Marxism. It was systematized by the Communist Party of Peru (Shining Path) and developed by the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement and its adherent parties.


lexentry: eng/Marxism-Leninism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marxism-Leninism
trans_list: marxisme-léninisme
sense:
(politics, communism) A communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted as the ideological foundation of the Communist International during Stalin's era, and was later adopted by the People's Republic of China, Cuba, Vietnam, and several other nations.


lexentry: eng/Marxism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Marxism
trans_list: marxisme
sense:
The socialist and communist philosophy and political program founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.


lexentry: eng/Marxism__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Marxism
trans_list: marxisme
sense:
The socialist and communist theory of the followers of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels; a radical, revolutionary political philosophy that aims to capture state power, introduce a dictatorship of the proletariat, and then progress to communism.


lexentry: eng/Mary__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Mary
trans_list: Marie
sense:
(Islam) The 19th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an, recounting the events leading up to the birth of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Maryland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maryland
trans_list: Maryland
sense:
A state of the United States; named for Queen Mary, queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland. Capital: Annapolis. Largest city: Baltimore.


lexentry: eng/Mascarene_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mascarene Islands
trans_list: Mascareignes
sense:
An archipelago in the Indian Ocean, consisting of Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues and the Cargados Carajos.


lexentry: eng/Mass__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mass
trans_list: messe
sense:
(Roman Catholic Church) The principal liturgical service of the Church, encompassing both a scripture service (Liturgy of the Word) and a eucharistic service (Liturgy of the Eucharist), which includes the consecration and oblation (offering) of the host and wine.


lexentry: eng/Massacre_of_the_Innocents__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Massacre of the Innocents
trans_list: massacre des Innocents
sense:
(Christianity) The incident in the nativity narrative of the Gospel of Matthew (2:16–18) in which Herod the Great, king of Judea, orders the execution of all male children two years old and under in the vicinity of Bethlehem.


lexentry: eng/Matthew__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Matthew
trans_list: Matthieu | Mathieu
sense:
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Matthew, the first book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the first of the four gospels, a book attributed to Matthew the Evangelist.


lexentry: eng/Mauretania_Caesariensis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mauretania Caesariensis
trans_list: Maurétanie Césarienne
sense:
(history) A province of the Roman Empire, established in AD 42, occupying territory in northwestern Africa roughly corresponding to present-day northern Algeria, with its capital at Caesarēa.


lexentry: eng/Mauretania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mauretania
trans_list: Mauritanie
sense:
An ancient Berber kingdom on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa which was annexed by the Romans.


lexentry: eng/Mauritian_Creole__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mauritian Creole
trans_list: créole mauricien
sense:
The creole language spoken in Mauritius, stemming from French, with some vocabulary from diverse sources such as English and Portuguese.


lexentry: eng/Maurrassian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maurrassian
trans_list: maurrassien
sense:
Of or relating to Charles Maurras (1868–1952), French writer, critic, and leader of Action Française, a political movement that was monarchist, anti-parliamentarist, and counter-revolutionary.


lexentry: eng/Mauser__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mauser
trans_list: Mauser
sense:
Any of the firearms made or designed by the German company Mauser, notably automatic pistols and bolt action rifles.


lexentry: eng/May_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: May Day
trans_list: Premier mai
sense:
The first day of May, a festival celebrating the beginning of the spring season; originally, and still among neopagans, a fertility celebration.


lexentry: eng/Maya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maya
trans_list: Maya
sense:
a flourishing Mesoamerican civilization that existed in and around Guatemala from the 3rd century to the 9th century.


lexentry: eng/Maya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maya
trans_list: Maya
sense:
a variety of Mesoamerican peoples with farming from around 1000 BC onward, who developed a large civilization from the 3rd century onward


lexentry: eng/Maya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maya
trans_list: Maya
sense:
various Mesoamerican peoples living in the Spanish Empire, and now parts of Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras


lexentry: eng/Maya__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Maya
trans_list: Maya
sense:
various Mesoamerican peoples that continued in competing civilizations from the 10th century onward until conquered by Spain


lexentry: eng/Mayotte__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mayotte
trans_list: Mayotte
sense:
An archipelago, overseas department, and administrative region of France, formerly an overseas territorial collectivity, located between Africa's mainland and Madagascar.


lexentry: eng/Mazu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mazu
trans_list: Mazu
sense:
A Chinese sea goddess, the deified form of Lin Moniang, a medieval Fujianese girl who became revered as a sea goddess and, since the Qing dynasty, especially in Taiwan, more generally as the primary goddess of Heaven.


lexentry: eng/McCarthyism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: McCarthyism
trans_list: maccarthysme
sense:
The intense opposition to, and fear and suspicion of, Communism, particularly in the United States during the 1950s.


lexentry: eng/McIntosh__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: McIntosh
trans_list: McIntosh
sense:
A cultivar of apple whose fruit has red and green skin, tart flavor and white flesh that ripens in late September.


lexentry: eng/Mecca__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mecca
trans_list: La Mecque
sense:
A large city, the provincial capital of Mecca Province in the in the Hejaz region, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam, location of the sacred Ka'ba, and to which Muslims are required to make a hajj at least once in their lifetime, if possible.


lexentry: eng/Median__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Median
trans_list: mède
sense:
The northwestern Old Iranian language of the Medes, attested only by numerous loanwords in Old Persian, few borrowings in Old Armenian and some glosses in Ancient Greek; nothing is known of its grammar.


lexentry: eng/Medici_collar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Medici collar
trans_list: collet monté
sense:
A fan-shaped (especially lace) collar, standing upright behind the head and sloping down to meet a square neckline in front.


lexentry: eng/Medieval_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Medieval Greek
trans_list: grec médiéval
sense:
Collectively, the continuum of forms of the Greek language as written and spoken during medieval times, preceded by Hellenistic Koine Greek and succeeded by Modern Greek


lexentry: eng/Medieval_Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Medieval Latin
trans_list: latin médiéval
sense:
The Latin language as used during the Middle Ages, before it was developed by the Italian humanists into Renaissance Latin.


lexentry: eng/Mediterranean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mediterranean
trans_list: Bassin méditerranéen | Monde méditerranéen
sense:
A region of Southern Europe and North Africa and Western Asia. The region surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.


lexentry: eng/Megaera__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Megaera
trans_list: Mégère
sense:
(Greek god) One of the Furies, Erinyes in Greek mythology, the cause of jealousy and envy, who punishes people who commit crimes, especially marital infidelity.


lexentry: eng/Megam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Megam
trans_list: megam
sense:
A Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the Kalmakanda subdistrict, Netrokona district, Dhaka division, Bangladesh.


lexentry: eng/Megleno-Romanian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Megleno-Romanian
trans_list: mégléno-roumain
sense:
An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken in northern Greece, North Macedonia and parts of Romania, and related to Romanian, Aromanian and Istro-Romanian.


lexentry: eng/Mekong__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mekong
trans_list: Mékong
sense:
A river in southeastern Asia that flows about 4,183 km (2,600 miles) from Tibet to the South China Sea in Vietnam.


lexentry: eng/Melanesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Melanesia
trans_list: Mélanésie
sense:
A region of Oceania, made up of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji.


lexentry: eng/Melk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Melk
trans_list: Melk
sense:
A city in Austria, in the federal state of Lower Austria, known as the site of a massive baroque Benedictine monastery.


lexentry: eng/Melkite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Melkite
trans_list: melchite | melkite
sense:
(historical) In 5th-century Syria and Egypt, a sobriquet applied to Chalcedonians by their opponents, denoting the Chalcedonians' fidelity to the Byzantine emperor.


lexentry: eng/Melkite__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Melkite
trans_list: melchite | melkite
sense:
(since the Great Schism) A member of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch or the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem; ellipsis of Orthodox Melkite.


lexentry: eng/Melusine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Melusine
trans_list: Mélusine
sense:
(mythology) A figure of European folklore and mythology (mostly Celtic), a female spirit of fresh water in a sacred spring or river, usually depicted as a serpent or fish from the waist down, and sometimes with wings.


lexentry: eng/Member_of_Parliament__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Member of Parliament
trans_list: parlementaire | Député | membre du Parlement
sense:
(UK, Canada, Australia, NZ) A representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a house of a parliament.


lexentry: eng/Memnon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Memnon
trans_list: Memnon
sense:
(Greek mythology) An Ethiopian king and son of Tithonus and Eos. Considered a great warrior, he fought on the side of Troy and was killed by Achilles.


lexentry: eng/Mendelism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mendelism
trans_list: mendélisme
sense:
The whole body of principles of heredity, formulated by G. Mendel, that represent the basis of genetics.


lexentry: eng/Menelaus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Menelaus
trans_list: Ménélas
sense:
(Greek mythology) the king of Mycenaean Sparta, the husband of Helen of Troy, the brother of Agamemnon, the leader of the Spartan contingent of the Greek army during the Trojan War


lexentry: eng/Menes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Menes
trans_list: Ménès
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Menes, uniter of Upper and Lower Egypt and founder of the First Dynasty of Egypt.


lexentry: eng/Mennonite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mennonite
trans_list: mennoniste | mennonite
sense:
A member of any of a group of Protestant churches or denominations in the Anabaptist tradition, practicing credobaptism and committed to nonresistance and nonviolence, many of whom may wear plain dress and shun modern technology.


lexentry: eng/Menoetius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Menoetius
trans_list: Ménétios
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Titan, son of Iapetus and Clymene, he had three brothers: Atlas, Prometheus and Epimetheus. He joined Cronus and the Titans in their unsuccessful war against the Olympian gods. Zeus killed him with a thunderbolt and sent him down to Tartarus.


lexentry: eng/Mensa__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mensa
trans_list: Table
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, originally named after Table Mountain in South Africa. It lies between the constellations of Hydrus and Volans.


lexentry: eng/Menshevik__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Menshevik
trans_list: menchevik
sense:
(now, chiefly, historical) A member of the gradualist or moderate wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party during the years preceding the Russian Revolution, when they split with the Bolsheviks; or a member of a later independent moderate-Marxist party formed in 1917. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Mercury__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mercury
trans_list: Mercure
sense:
(astronomy) The first planet in the Solar system with the closest orbit to the Sun, named after the god; represented by ☿.


lexentry: eng/Mercury__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mercury
trans_list: Mercure
sense:
(Roman god) The Roman god associated with speed, sometimes used as a messenger, wearing winged sandals; the Roman counterpart of the Greek god Hermes.


lexentry: eng/Meroitic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Meroitic
trans_list: méroïtique
sense:
Describing the language once used in Meroë, or the script, related to hieroglyphs, in which it was written.


lexentry: eng/Merovingian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Merovingian
trans_list: Mérovingien
sense:
One of a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin) largely corresponding to ancient Gaul from the middle of the 5th century, and whose politics involved frequent civil warfare among branches of the family.


lexentry: eng/Mesoamerica__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mesoamerica
trans_list: Mésoamérique
sense:
A pre-Columbian cultural region extending from the southern part of Mexico to an area that comprises some parts of the countries of Central America


lexentry: eng/Mesopotamia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mesopotamia
trans_list: Mésopotamie
sense:
A region in Southwest Asia spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris that is the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man.


lexentry: eng/Mesozoic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mesozoic
trans_list: mésozoïque
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic era within the Phanerozoic eon that comprises the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods from about 230 to 65 million years ago, when life on earth was dominated by reptiles.


lexentry: eng/Messidor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Messidor
trans_list: messidor
sense:
(historical) The tenth month of the French Republican Calendar, from June 19 or 20 to July 18 or 19.


lexentry: eng/Metatron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Metatron
trans_list: Métatron
sense:
(Christianity, Judaism) An archangel and the chancellor of Heaven and the scribe of the book of life, in Christian and Jewish folklore. According to medieval apocrypha, he is Enoch, ancestor of Noah, transformed into an angel.


lexentry: eng/Methodist__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Methodist
trans_list: méthodiste
sense:
Of or pertaining to the branch of Christianity that descends from the religious societies overseen by John Wesley (1703–1791) among others.


lexentry: eng/Metis__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Metis
trans_list: Métis
sense:
(Greek god) A Titan who was the personification of wisdom, the first spouse of Zeus, and the mother of Athena


lexentry: eng/Meuse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Meuse
trans_list: Meuse
sense:
A river in Europe that flows about 901 km (560 mi) from France through Belgium and the Netherlands to the North Sea.


lexentry: eng/Mexican_Plateau__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mexican Plateau
trans_list: plateau mexicain
sense:
A plateau in Mexico, lying between two mountain ranges: the Sierra Madre Oriental on its east, and the Sierra Madre Occidental on its west.


lexentry: eng/Mexican_Spanish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mexican Spanish
trans_list: espagnol mexicain
sense:
A set of variations of the Spanish language as spoken in Mexico and in some parts of the United States and Canada, where there are communities of Hispanic origin influenced by North American Spanish-speaking media.


lexentry: eng/Mexican_jumping_bean__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mexican jumping bean
trans_list: pois sauteur
sense:
A type of seed of a shrub of the genus Sebastiania in which a larva has hatched from an egg laid there by a moth (Cydia deshaisiana, the movement of the larva causing the seed to move around.


lexentry: eng/Mexican_marigold__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mexican marigold
trans_list: rose d'Inde
sense:
A wild flowering plant, Tagetes erecta, native to Mexico and Central America, with numerous small orangish petals.


lexentry: eng/Mexican_wave__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mexican wave
trans_list: hola | ola
sense:
(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) A phenomenon that primarily occurs at sports events, where the members of the crowd stand up and/or raise their hands in turn, creating the illusion of a wave passing through the crowd.


lexentry: eng/Meänkieli__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Meänkieli
trans_list: finnois tornédalien | meänkieli
sense:
A language spoken by some 40,000–70,000 people mainly in Northern Sweden. It is a variant of Finnish with a structure and grammar similar to Finnish, but the vocabulary considerably influenced by Swedish.


lexentry: eng/Mi'kmaq__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mi'kmaq
trans_list: micmac
sense:
The polysynthetic Eastern Algonquian language spoken by this people, closely related to Maliseet and Passamaquoddy.


lexentry: eng/Micah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Micah
trans_list: Michée
sense:
An Ephraimite featured in Judges 17–18 and protagonist of the Micah’s idol narrative. Also called Michas.


lexentry: eng/Michael__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Michael
trans_list: Michel
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) An archangel associated with defending the faithful in the tribulation.


lexentry: eng/Michaelmas_daisy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Michaelmas daisy
trans_list: marguerite de la Saint-Michel
sense:
(botany) Any of several species and hybrids of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, particularly in the genera Aster or Symphyotrichum; a flower of any such plant. [from 18th c.]


lexentry: eng/Michelangelo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Michelangelo
trans_list: Michel-Ange
sense:
A 15th- and 16th-century Italian artist, full name Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475–1564).


lexentry: eng/Michif__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Michif
trans_list: mitchif | métchif
sense:
One of the languages of the Metis people, spoken mainly in Canada. They exist along a continuum with three main types:


lexentry: eng/Mickey_Mouse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mickey Mouse
trans_list: Mickey Mouse
sense:
The most famous Disney cartoon character, an anthropomorphic mouse with a falsetto voice and a cheerful disposition.


lexentry: eng/Micronesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Micronesia
trans_list: Micronésie
sense:
A country consisting of about 2000 islands in Oceania. Official name: Federated States of Micronesia. Capital: Palikir.


lexentry: eng/Microscopium__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Microscopium
trans_list: Microscope
sense:
(constellation) A faint constellation of the southern spring sky, said to resemble a microscope. It lies south of the constellation of Capricornus.


lexentry: eng/Mid-Autumn_Festival__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mid-Autumn Festival
trans_list: fête de la lune | fête de la mi-autone
sense:
(collective) The East Asian festivals originating, inspired, or co-opted from the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival.


lexentry: eng/Midas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Midas
trans_list: Midas
sense:
(Greek mythology) A king who sought and was for a while granted the cherished but subtly dangerous magical power to turn anything he touched into gold.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Ages__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Ages
trans_list: Moyen Âge
sense:
(history) The period of primarily European history between the decline of the Western Roman Empire (antiquity) and the early modern period or the Renaissance; the time between c. 500 and 1500 CE.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Breton__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Breton
trans_list: moyen breton
sense:
An early form of Breton language, spoken in Brittany, in western France, between the 11th and the 16th century AD.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Dutch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Dutch
trans_list: moyen néerlandais
sense:
Collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects (whose ancestor was Old Dutch) which were spoken and written between 1150 and 1500 in the present-day Dutch-speaking area. There was at that time as yet no overarching standard language, but they were all mutually intelligible.


lexentry: eng/Middle_East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Middle East
trans_list: Moyen-Orient
sense:
(geopolitics) The region comprising West Asia without the South Caucasus and additionally including all of Egypt (not just the Sinai) and all of Turkey (not just Asian Turkey).


lexentry: eng/Middle_English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle English
trans_list: moyen anglais
sense:
The ancient or older language of Modern English, spoken in England and parts of Scotland (where it became Lowland Scots) from about 1100 AD to 1500 AD.


lexentry: eng/Middle_French__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle French
trans_list: moyen français
sense:
A historical division of the French language, spoken roughly from 1340 to 1610, during which French became established as the official language of France.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Frisian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Frisian
trans_list: moyen frison
sense:
Language descended from Old Frisian spoken on the North Sea coast of modern Netherlands and Germany from the 16th century until c. 1820.


lexentry: eng/Middle_High_German__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle High German
trans_list: moyen haut-allemand
sense:
An ancestor to the modern (High) German language, spoken from 1050 to about 1500. Some linguists prefer to use 1350 as the end of the Middle High German period, calling the period from 1350 to 1650 Early New High German in a broad sense.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Irish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Irish
trans_list: moyen irlandais
sense:
The Goidelic language spoken in Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man from the 10th to the 12th century.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Kingdom__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Kingdom
trans_list: Moyen Empire
sense:
(historical) Egypt from the time of its reunification under Mentuhotep II in the 11th Dynasty (ending the First Intermediate Period) to its disintegration during the 13th Dynasty and the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Korean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Korean
trans_list: moyen coréen
sense:
The Korean language of the 10th (or 13th, depending on the analysis) century to 16th century, or from the era of Goryeo to the middle of Joseon, based on the dialect of Kaesong because the new Goryeo dynasty moved its capital city to northern area of Korean peninsula.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Low_German__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Low German
trans_list: moyen bas allemand
sense:
A language or collection of dialects that descended from Old Saxon and is the ancestor of modern Low German, spoken from about 1100 to 1600.


lexentry: eng/Middle_Norwegian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Middle Norwegian
trans_list: moyen norvégien
sense:
The interim language in Norway between 1350 (the Black Plague) and 1525. An amalgam of Norwegian, Swedish and Danish, following Old Norwegian (Old Norse).


lexentry: eng/Midgard__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Midgard
trans_list: univers
sense:
(Norse mythology) The Earth of traditional Germanic cosmology, conceived as a middle realm between heaven (Asgard) and hell (Helheim); the abode of human beings, between those of the gods (Æsir) and the dead.


lexentry: eng/Midi-Pyrénées__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Midi-Pyrénées
trans_list: Midi-Pyrénées
sense:
a former administrative region of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Occitania.


lexentry: eng/Midwest__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Midwest
trans_list: mi-ouest
sense:
(with "the") The area of the contiguous United States contained in the central third of the country, especially the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas, sometimes inclusive of Missouri and Kentucky.


lexentry: eng/Migration_Period__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Migration Period
trans_list: période de migration des peuple
sense:
(history) The age of mass migration of Germanic people in Europe during the early Middle Ages, circa 376 to 800 CE.


lexentry: eng/Milky_Way__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Milky Way
trans_list: voie lactée
sense:
(astronomy) A broad band of diffuse white light, visible in the night sky; our view of the dense portions of the Milky Way Galaxy from inside the galaxy. [from late 14th c.]


lexentry: eng/Minecraft__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Minecraft
trans_list: Minecraft | minecraft
sense:
(video games) A sandbox video game, released in 2011, in which players explore a three-dimensional world made of blocks and can craft items and build structures.


lexentry: eng/Minerva__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Minerva
trans_list: Minerve
sense:
(Roman god) The goddess of wisdom, especially strategic warfare, and the arts, especially crafts and in particular weaving. She is the Roman counterpart of Athena.


lexentry: eng/Minnesota__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Minnesota
trans_list: Minnesota
sense:
(historical) A former territory (1849–1858) of the United States, encompassing the modern state and part of the Dakotas. Capital: Saint Paul.


lexentry: eng/Minnie__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Minnie
trans_list: Minnie
sense:
A diminutive of the female names Wilhelmina, Minerva, Mary, Mina and Mamie. Popular as a formal female given name in the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/Minoan__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Minoan
trans_list: minoen
sense:
Of or relating to the civilization that developed in Crete from the neolithic period to the Bronze Age (about 3000-1050 B.C.E.).


lexentry: eng/Mira__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mira
trans_list: Mira
sense:
(star) A binary star in the constellation Cetus, Omicron (ο) Ceti. The system contains a variable red giant and a white dwarf. Its brightness varies from a magnitude 2 at its brightest to a magnitude 10 at its dimmest.


lexentry: eng/Mirandese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mirandese
trans_list: mirandais
sense:
An endangered Romance language spoken in the northeastern corner of Portugal, principally in the municipalities of Miranda do Douro and Vimioso.


lexentry: eng/Miss__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Miss
trans_list: mademoiselle | madame
sense:
Form of address, now used chiefly for an unmarried woman; used chiefly of girls before the mid-1700s, and thereafter used also of adult women without regard to marital status.


lexentry: eng/Mississippi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mississippi
trans_list: Mississippi
sense:
(with the) A major river in the United States that flows from north-central Minnesota into the Gulf of Mexico.


lexentry: eng/Missouri__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Missouri
trans_list: Missouri
sense:
A state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Capital: Jefferson City. Largest city: Kansas City.


lexentry: eng/Missouri__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Missouri
trans_list: Missouri
sense:
The longest river in North America, rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana and flowing roughly southeast over 2,300 miles through North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas and Missouri, before joining the Mississippi at St. Louis.


lexentry: eng/Mithraism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mithraism
trans_list: mithraïsme
sense:
An astrology-based, middle-platonic mystery religion of the 1st-4th century Roman Empire that claimed to have been founded by Zoroaster, admitted only men, and was especially popular among the Roman military.


lexentry: eng/Mnemosyne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mnemosyne
trans_list: Mnémosyne
sense:
(Greek god) A Titaness and the personification of thought, intellect and memory. She is the daughter of Gaia and Uranus, and the mother of the Muses by Zeus.


lexentry: eng/Modern_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Modern Greek
trans_list: grec moderne | néo-grec
sense:
The Greek language as spoken by the Greek people since the fall of Constantinople in 1453. It was written using polytonic script until 1982, when this was officially dropped in favour of monotonic.


lexentry: eng/Modern_Monetary_Theory__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Modern Monetary Theory
trans_list: Théorie monétaire moderne
sense:
A heterodox economic school of thought that posits that fiscal policy, set to constrain inflation and enable full employment, should be the primary economic stabiliser and prioritises reflection on the nature of money from a chartalist perspective.


lexentry: eng/Modern_Standard_Arabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Modern Standard Arabic
trans_list: arabe standard moderne | fous-ha
sense:
The standard and literary variety of Arabic used in writing and in formal speech in the Arab world since c. the 19th century.


lexentry: eng/Moebius_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moebius syndrome
trans_list: syndrome de Moebius | syndrome de Möbius
sense:
(neurology) A rare congenital disorder characterized by facial paralysis and an inability to move one's eyes from side to side.


lexentry: eng/Moesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moesia
trans_list: Mésie
sense:
(historical) An ancient region and later former Roman province situated in the Balkans, along the south bank of the Danube River, mainly in what is now Bulgaria and Serbia.


lexentry: eng/Mohawk__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mohawk
trans_list: crête iroquoise
sense:
A hairstyle where both sides are shaved, with the hair along the crest of the head kept long, and usually styled so as to stand straight up.


lexentry: eng/Mohism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mohism
trans_list: mohisme | moïsme
sense:
(Chinese philosophy) The doctrines of Mozi and his followers, especially the concept of universal love.


lexentry: eng/Moldova__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moldova
trans_list: Moldavie | Moldova
sense:
A country in Eastern Europe. Official name: Republic of Moldova. Capital and largest city: Chișinău.


lexentry: eng/Moldova__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Moldova
trans_list: Moldavie | Moldova
sense:
A region in eastern Romania adjacent to the country of Moldova, once part of the principality of Moldova.


lexentry: eng/Moldovan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moldovan
trans_list: moldave
sense:
The dialect of Romanian spoken in the Republic of Moldova, which may be written in either the Cyrillic or the Roman alphabet.


lexentry: eng/Molotov_cocktail__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Molotov cocktail
trans_list: cocktail Molotov
sense:
A crude incendiary bomb made from a glass bottle, either filled with a flammable liquid such as petroleum and supplied with a rag for a fuse that is lit just before being hurled, or filled with such a mix of flammable liquids that it ignites itself when it is smashed and its contents are exposed to air.


lexentry: eng/Monday__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Monday
trans_list: lundi
sense:
The second day of the week in many religious traditions, and the first day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm. It follows Sunday and precedes Tuesday.


lexentry: eng/Mongolian__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Mongolian
trans_list: mongol
sense:
(uncountable) A group of languages from Mongolia, specifically Khalkha, the official language of Mongolia.


lexentry: eng/Mongolian_spot__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mongolian spot
trans_list: tache bleue mongolique | tache mongolique | tache mongoloïde | tache pigmentaire congénitale
sense:
A benign, flat, congenital, usually blue to blue-black birthmark on the lower back with wavy borders and irregular shape, prevalent among East Asians, South-East Asians, Polynesians, Native Americans, East Africans, and the Turkish people. It normally disappears three to five years after birth and almost always by puberty.


lexentry: eng/Monoceros__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Monoceros
trans_list: Licorne
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a unicorn. It lies amid the Milky Way, just east of the constellation Orion.


lexentry: eng/Monophysite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Monophysite
trans_list: monophysite
sense:
(Christianity) A member of a Christian sect which held that Jesus Christ has one nature, as opposed to the Chalcedonian view that Christ has two natures, both fully man and fully God, and is co-eternal and co-substantial with the Father.


lexentry: eng/Monopoly__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Monopoly
trans_list: Monopoly
sense:
(games, board games) A board game in which players use play money to buy and trade properties, with the objective of forcing opponents into bankruptcy.


lexentry: eng/Monopoly_money__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Monopoly money
trans_list: billet de Monopoly
sense:
(slang, often, derogatory) Banknotes of foreign currency; especially those which are vibrant or flimsy.


lexentry: eng/Montanism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Montanism
trans_list: montanisme
sense:
(Christianity) The doctrines of a heretical sect of the second to fifth centuries in Asia Minor, who held millenarian beliefs.


lexentry: eng/Montenegrin__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Montenegrin
trans_list: monténégrin
sense:
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken in Montenegro.


lexentry: eng/Montenegro__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Montenegro
trans_list: Monténégro
sense:
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Capital and largest city: Podgorica. Part of Yugoslavia until 2003, then part of Serbia and Montenegro until 2006.


lexentry: eng/Montgolfier_balloon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Montgolfier balloon
trans_list: ballon de montgolfière | ballon montgolfière | montgolfière
sense:
The most common type of hot-air balloon, a balloon lifted by only heated air with onboard burners, and a usually-manned platform at the base.


lexentry: eng/Montpellier__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Montpellier
trans_list: Montpellier
sense:
A city, the capital of the Hérault department, Occitanie, France, formerly the capital of Languedoc-Roussillon.


lexentry: eng/Montreal_steak_spice__Noun__1
written_rep: Montreal steak spice
trans_list:
assaisonnement à bifteck de Montreal | assaisonnement à steak de Montréal | épices à bifteck de Montreal | épices à steak de Montréal


lexentry: eng/Moon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moon
trans_list: Lune | lune
sense:
The Earth's moon; the sole natural satellite of the Earth, represented in astronomy and astrology by ☾.


lexentry: eng/Moor__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Moor
trans_list: Maure
sense:
(historical) A member of an Islamic people of Arab or Amazigh origin ruling Spain and parts of North Africa from the 8th to the 15th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Moore's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moore's law
trans_list: loi de Moore
sense:
(computing) An empirical observation that the density of transistors on a chip doubles every two years.


lexentry: eng/Moorish__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Moorish
trans_list: mauresque
sense:
(architecture) Of or pertaining to a style of Spanish and Portuguese architecture from the time of the Moors, characterized by the horseshoe arch and ornate, geometric decoration.


lexentry: eng/Mopsuestia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mopsuestia
trans_list: Mopsuestie
sense:
an ancient city in Cilicia on the Pyramus River (now Ceyhan River) located east of ancient Antiochia in Cilicia (present-day Adana, southern Turkey)


lexentry: eng/Mordecai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mordecai
trans_list: Mardochée
sense:
(Biblical character) One of the main personalities in the Book of Esther. He adopted and raised his cousin Esther and foiled a plot to assassinate the king.


lexentry: eng/Morea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morea
trans_list: Morée
sense:
(archaic) Synonym of Peloponnese, a peninsula in Greece, particularly (historical) under Turkish rule.


lexentry: eng/Morgan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morgan
trans_list: Morgan | Morgane
sense:
A en or female given name, possibly from (Welsh môr) or (Old Welsh maur) + (Welsh cant), meaning “great chief” or “sea chief”.


lexentry: eng/Morley's_trisector_theorem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morley's trisector theorem
trans_list: théorème de Morley
sense:
(geometry) A theorem stating that in any triangle, the three points of intersection of the adjacent angle trisectors form an equilateral triangle.


lexentry: eng/Morley_triangle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morley triangle
trans_list: triangle de Morley
sense:
(geometry) Any of a number of triangles described in Morley's trisector theorem, especially the equilateral triangle formed from the points of intersection of adjacent angle trisectors of a given triangle.


lexentry: eng/Mormon__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mormon
trans_list: Mormon | mormon
sense:
(originally, derogatory, sometimes, proscribed) A believer in the Mormon religion, which views Joseph Smith as a prophet of God and holds the Bible and the Book of Mormon as its primary scriptures.


lexentry: eng/Mormonism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mormonism
trans_list: mormonisme
sense:
Religious, ideological, and cultural aspects of the various denominations of the Latter-day Saint movement.


lexentry: eng/Moroni__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Moroni
trans_list: Moroni
sense:
(Mormonism) A prophet and military and spiritual leader of the Nephites, author of one of the books in the Book of Mormon.


lexentry: eng/Morpheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morpheus
trans_list: Morphée
sense:
(Greek god) The god and personification of dreams; according to the Roman poet Ovid, one of the sons of Somnus, the god of sleep.


lexentry: eng/Morris_column__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morris column
trans_list: colonne Morris
sense:
A cylindrical outdoor sidewalk structure (like a column) used for advertising; an advertising column


lexentry: eng/Morrison_Formation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morrison Formation
trans_list: formation de Morrison
sense:
(geology) A sequence of Upper Jurassic sedimentary rock in the western United States, noted as the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America.


lexentry: eng/Morse_code__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Morse code
trans_list: code Morse | alphabet Morse
sense:
(telecommunications) A character code represented by dots and dashes (or short and long pulses), originally used to send messages by telegraph, later by flashes of light or by radio.


lexentry: eng/Moses__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moses
trans_list: Moïse
sense:
(biblical character) The pharaonic patriarch who led the enslaved Hebrews out of Egypt, the brother of Aaron and Miriam described in the Book of Exodus and the Quran.


lexentry: eng/Moshoryne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Moshoryne
trans_list: Mochoryne
sense:
A village in Subottsi rural hromada, Kropyvnytskyi Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast, the Ukraine, resettled and renamed by migrants from the Pannonian Plain in 1752.


lexentry: eng/Mother's_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mother's Day
trans_list: fête des Mères
sense:
(US, Canada) A day in honor of one's mother on the second Sunday in May in the United States and Canada.


lexentry: eng/Mother_of_God__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mother of God
trans_list: Mère de Dieu
sense:
(Christianity) A dogmatic title of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her role as mother of God.


lexentry: eng/Mount_Athos__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mount Athos
trans_list: mont Athos
sense:
A mountain and peninsula in northeastern Greece which is an important centre of Greek Orthodox monasticism.


lexentry: eng/Mount_Everest__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mount Everest
trans_list: mont Everest | Everest
sense:
A mountain in the Himalayas, on the border of Solukhumbu district, Koshi, Nepal and Tingri County, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China; the world's highest mountain above sea level. [from 1856]


lexentry: eng/Mount_Mayon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mount Mayon
trans_list: Mayon
sense:
The most active volcano in the Philippines, located in Albay province and known for its almost perfect cone shape.


lexentry: eng/Mount_of_Olives__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mount of Olives
trans_list: mont des Oliviers | montagne des Oliviers
sense:
A mountain ridge east of and adjacent to the Old City of Jerusalem, a holy place for both Judaism and Christianity.


lexentry: eng/Mozambique__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mozambique
trans_list: Mozambique
sense:
A country in East Africa and Southern Africa. Official name: Republic of Mozambique (since 1990). Capital: Maputo.


lexentry: eng/Mozarabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mozarabic
trans_list: mozarabe
sense:
A continuum of closely related Romance dialects spoken in Muslim-dominated areas of the Iberian Peninsula during the early stages of Romance language development in Iberia.


lexentry: eng/Mozart_effect__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mozart effect
trans_list: effet Mozart
sense:
The supposed phenomenon by which listening to Mozart's music may induce a short-term improvement in spatiotemporal reasoning or in mental performance generally.


lexentry: eng/Mozartian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mozartian
trans_list: mozartien
sense:
Of or pertaining to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791), prolific and influential composer of classical music.


lexentry: eng/Mr.__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mr.
trans_list: M. | Monsieur | [[Mr|M<sup>r</sup>]] | monsieur
sense:
(US, Canada) Abbreviation of mister. A title used before the surname in theory, though not generally in practice, above some undefined social level, too old to be addressed as “Master”, not a knight or of some higher rank, and, in Britain though not in the United States, not entitled to be addressed as “Dr.”.


lexentry: eng/Mrs._Watanabe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mrs. Watanabe
trans_list: Madame Watanabe
sense:
A personification of the Japanese housewife speculators, who are strong enough to affect international markets, especially foreign exchange markets.


lexentry: eng/Mrs__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mrs
trans_list: Mme | Mme.
sense:
Abbreviation of Missus or Mistress (used before an adult woman's name or surname, used for any high-status woman without regard to marital status until the 1800s, after which it began to be reserved for married, divorced and widowed women and used with their married surnames)


lexentry: eng/Ms__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ms
trans_list: Mme
sense:
Title used before an adult woman's name or surname, especially when it is not desired or possible to indicate her marital status with Miss or Mrs.


lexentry: eng/Muay_Thai__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Muay Thai
trans_list: muay thaï
sense:
(martial arts) A sport practiced in Thailand which is similar to boxing but also allows strikes with the shins, feet, elbows, and knees.


lexentry: eng/Mud_Pie_Island__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mud Pie Island
trans_list: Île Mud Pie
sense:
A mudflat in Hochelaga Archipelago, Saint Lawrence River, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; a shallow depth mudflat that is occasionally above waters, located just to the west of Nuns' Island.


lexentry: eng/Mudéjar__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mudéjar
trans_list: Maure
sense:
(countable) Any of the Moors of Al-Andalus who remained in Christian territory after the Reconquista but were not converted to Christianity.


lexentry: eng/Mughal_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mughal Empire
trans_list: Empire moghol
sense:
A Persianate empire centered in North India from 1526 to 1857. Succeeded by the British East India Company.


lexentry: eng/Muhammad__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Muhammad
trans_list: Mahomet | Mohammed
sense:
(Islam, uncountable) The figure who introduced Islam, and the man to whom the Qur'an was revealed; considered a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.


lexentry: eng/Munsee__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Munsee
trans_list: munsee
sense:
An endangered Eastern Algonquian language, one of the two Lenape/Delaware languages (the other is called Unami), spoken aboriginally in the vicinity of what is now New York City.


lexentry: eng/Murasugi_sum__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Murasugi sum
trans_list: somme de Murasugi
sense:
The union of a finite sequence of surfaces taken over a disk common to every adjacent pair of the sequence, such that the boundary of the disk comprises some even number of closed arcs, disjoint except at their endpoints, which are alternatingly subarcs of the two surfaces' boundaries.


lexentry: eng/Murasugi_sum__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Murasugi sum
trans_list: somme de Murasugi
sense:
The union of links formed by taking such a sum of their Seifert surfaces and taking the boundary of the result.


lexentry: eng/Murphy_bed__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Murphy bed
trans_list: lit escamotable
sense:
(North America) A light type of bed designed to be folded up or swung into a wall or closet for storage when not in use. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Musca__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Musca
trans_list: Mouche
sense:
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a fly, between the constellations of Carina and Apus.


lexentry: eng/Muscovy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Muscovy
trans_list: Moscovie
sense:
The Russian territory around and ruled from Moscow by grand princes until it became the nucleus of a united Russia, which its dynasty ruled first as czars (kings) from Moscow, later as emperors from Saint Petersburg.


lexentry: eng/Muzak__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Muzak
trans_list: muzak
sense:
(music, trademark) Recorded background music characterized by soft, soothing instrumental sounds which is transmitted by wire, radio, or recorded media (originally on a subscription basis) to doctors' offices, shops, and other business premises. [from 1934]


lexentry: eng/Myanmar__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Myanmar
trans_list: Myanmar | Birmanie
sense:
A country in Southeast Asia. Official name: Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Capital: Naypyidaw. Also known as Burma (which was formerly the official name).


lexentry: eng/Mycenae__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mycenae
trans_list: Mycènes
sense:
An ancient Greek city in the NE Peloponnesus on the plain of Argos, inhabited since about 4000 B.C.E.


lexentry: eng/Mycenaean_Greek__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mycenaean Greek
trans_list: mycénien | grec mycénien
sense:
The most ancient attested form of the Greek language, spoken on the Greek mainland and on Crete in the 16th to 11th centuries BC, written in Linear B script.


lexentry: eng/Mykolaiv__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 06
written_rep: Mykolaiv
trans_list: Mykolaïv | Nikolaïev
sense:
(historical) The Ukrainian name of Kreisgebiet Nikolajew, Nikolajew Generalbezirk, Reichskommissariat Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Möbius_strip__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Möbius strip
trans_list: ruban de Möbius
sense:
(topology) A one-sided surface formed by identifying two opposite edges of a square in opposite senses;a narrow strip given a half twist and joined at the ends, forming a three-dimensional embedding of said surface.


lexentry: eng/Möbius_transformation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Möbius transformation
trans_list: transformation de Möbius
sense:
(geometry, complex analysis) A transformation of the extended complex plane that is a rational function of the form f(z) = (az + b) / (cz + d), where a, b, c, d are complex numbers such that ad − bc ≠ 0; an automorphism of the complex projective line.


lexentry: eng/Mössbauer_effect__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Mössbauer effect
trans_list: effet Mössbauer
sense:
(physics) the resonant and recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma rays by atoms in the solid state; the basis of a type of spectroscopy with applications in both physics and chemistry


lexentry: eng/Müllerian_mimicry__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Müllerian mimicry
trans_list: mimétisme mullérien
sense:
(evolutionary theory) The resemblance of two or more poisonous species with each other, giving the effect that they are all more recognisable to potential predators. For example, the monarch butterfly and the viceroy butterfly.


lexentry: eng/Münchausen_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Münchausen syndrome
trans_list: syndrome de Münchhausen
sense:
A psychiatric disorder in which a person feigns illness or psychological trauma in order to garner attention or sympathy.


lexentry: eng/NAFLD__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: NAFLD
trans_list: NASH | maladie du soda | stéatose hépatique non alcoolique
sense:
(disease) Initialism of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of disorders characterized by predominantly macrovesicular hepatic steatosis occurring in individuals in the absence of significant alcohol consumption.


lexentry: eng/NDG__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: NDG
trans_list: NDG
sense:
Initialism of Notre Dame de Grace. A district of Cote-des-Neiges---Notre-Dame-de-Grace borough, Montreal, Quebec, Canada


lexentry: eng/NKVD__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: NKVD
trans_list: NKVD
sense:
The People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs — the Soviet interior ministry known for its secret police, forerunner of the KGB


lexentry: eng/NOT__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: NOT
trans_list: NON
sense:
(mathematics, logic) A unary operation on logical values that changes true to false, and false to true.


lexentry: eng/NP-complete__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: NP-complete
trans_list: NP-complet
sense:
(computing theory, of a, decision problem) That is both NP (solvable in polynomial time by a non-deterministic Turing machine) and NP-hard (such that any (other) NP problem can be reduced to it in polynomial time).


lexentry: eng/NP-hard__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: NP-hard
trans_list: NP-dur
sense:
(computing theory) A problem H is NP-hard if and only if there is an NP-complete problem L that is polynomial time Turing-reducible to H.


lexentry: eng/NP-hard__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: NP-hard
trans_list: NP-dur
sense:
(computing theory) An alternative definition restricts NP-hard to decision problems and then uses polynomial-time many-one reduction instead of Turing reduction.


lexentry: eng/Nabokovian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nabokovian
trans_list: nabokovien
sense:
Of or pertaining to Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977) or his writings, characterised by a lush descriptive style and intricate wordplay.


lexentry: eng/Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
trans_list: République du Haut-Karabagh
sense:
(historical) An erstwhile Armenian-populated republic with limited recognition in the Nagorno-Karabakh region of the South Caucasus that existed between 1991 and 2024.


lexentry: eng/Nakba__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nakba
trans_list: nakba
sense:
The fracturing, dispossession and displacement of Palestinian society, following the declaration of Israel on what had been most of Mandatory Palestine, including the flight or expulsion of the majority of the Palestinian Arabs (some 700,000) and the destruction of their homes.


lexentry: eng/Nanjing__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nanjing
trans_list: Nankin
sense:
A major city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China, on the lower Yangtze; a former capital of China.


lexentry: eng/Nantes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nantes
trans_list: Nantes
sense:
The capital city of the department of the Loire-Atlantique, France; capital city of the region of Pays de la Loire, in historical Brittany.


lexentry: eng/Napoleon_complex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Napoleon complex
trans_list: complexe de Napoléon
sense:
(pejorative, psychology) Aggressive or domineering behaviour, claimed to be a form of psychological compensation for one's short physical stature.


lexentry: eng/Narbonne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Narbonne
trans_list: Narbonne
sense:
A town and commune in Aude department, Occitanie, southern France, formerly in the Languedoc-Roussillon region.


lexentry: eng/Narcissus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Narcissus
trans_list: Narcisse
sense:
(Greek mythology) A youth who spurned the love of Echo and fell in love with his own reflection in a pool: in some versions of the myth, he drowned trying to reach it, while in others he sat fixated until a god took pity and transformed him into a flower.


lexentry: eng/Nares_Strait__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nares Strait
trans_list: détroit de Nares
sense:
A strait between Ellesmere Island (Canada) and Greenland, connecting the Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean with Baffin Bay.


lexentry: eng/Narnia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Narnia
trans_list: Narnia
sense:
(fantasy) A land in which a series of seven children's books, The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis are set.


lexentry: eng/Nash_equilibrium__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nash equilibrium
trans_list: Équilibre de Nash
sense:
(game theory) The set of choices of players' strategies for which no player can benefit by changing his or her strategy assuming that the other players keep theirs unchanged.


lexentry: eng/Nasserism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nasserism
trans_list: nassérisme
sense:
An Arab nationalist political ideology based on the thinking of the former Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser.


lexentry: eng/Natal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Natal
trans_list: Noël
sense:
A former British colony and province of South Africa, itself beforehand the Natalia Republic. It is now called KwaZulu-Natal province.


lexentry: eng/National_Bolshevism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: National Bolshevism
trans_list: national-bolchevisme | national-bolchévisme
sense:
A neo-fascist ultranationalist ideology primarily originated from Russia that combines strong elements of classical fascism with economical communism.


lexentry: eng/National_Convention__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: National Convention
trans_list: Convention nationale
sense:
(historical) A constitutional and legislative assembly holding executive power during the French Revolution.


lexentry: eng/National_Day_for_Truth_and_Reconciliation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: National Day for Truth and Reconciliation
trans_list: Journée nationale de la vérité et de la réconciliation
sense:
(Canada, holidays) September 30th; A statutory holiday in Canada, for the recognition of the cultural genocide of indigenous peoples in Canada enacted by the colonizers, especially that caused by the residential school system; declared as a law in 2020, and first observed in 2021.


lexentry: eng/National_Socialist_German_Workers'_Party__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: National Socialist German Workers' Party
trans_list: Parti national-socialiste des travailleurs allemands
sense:
(historical, Nazism, German politics) Far-Right political party from Germany, commonly known as the Nazi Party


lexentry: eng/Natufian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Natufian
trans_list: natoufien
sense:
(archaeology, anthropology) Of, or relating to a Mesolithic-era hunter-gatherer people in the Mediterranean area around Levant, at about 13,000 to 11,000 BC.


lexentry: eng/Navajo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Navajo
trans_list: navajo
sense:
An Apachean (Southern Athabaskan) language of the Athabascan language family belonging to the Na-Dené phylum. It is spoken by 149,000 people in the American Southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado).


lexentry: eng/Naypyidaw__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Naypyidaw
trans_list: Naypyidaw
sense:
The capital city (since 2006) of Burma (Myanmar), located in Pyinmana Township, Mandalay Division (approximately 320 kilometres north of Yangon).


lexentry: eng/Nazarite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nazarite
trans_list: nazaréen | nazir | nazirite | naziréen
sense:
A Jew bound by a vow to leave the hair uncut, to abstain from alcohol, and to practice extraordinary purity of life and devotion.


lexentry: eng/Nazi__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nazi
trans_list: nazi | naziste
sense:
(historical) Of or pertaining to the Nazi Party specifically, or to Nazism, neo-Nazism, or neo-Nazis more generally.


lexentry: eng/Nazi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nazi
trans_list: nazi | fasciste | nazie
sense:
(historical) A member of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP). [1930]


lexentry: eng/Nazianzus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nazianzus
trans_list: Nazianze
sense:
(historical) A town in the ancient region of Cappadocia, near the modern village of Bekarlar in Gülağaç District, Aksaray Province, Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Nazism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nazism
trans_list: nazisme
sense:
The ideology of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP), being a form of fascism characterised by Adolf Hitler's cult of personality, hate propaganda, white supremacy, extreme bigotry (especially antisemitism and racism), eugenics, mass violence, genocide, ethnonationalist territorial expansion (Lebensraum) and state capitalism.


lexentry: eng/Naʼvi__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Naʼvi
trans_list: na'vi
sense:
A constructed language designed by Paul Frommer to be spoken by fictional extraterrestrials in the 2009 film Avatar.


lexentry: eng/Near_East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Near East
trans_list: Proche-Orient
sense:
The region located south of Eastern Europe, comprising Anatolia, Transcaucasia, the Levant, and Mesopotamia.


lexentry: eng/Nebra_sky_disc__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nebra sky disc
trans_list: disque céleste de Nebra
sense:
(archaeology) A bronze disc featuring gold symbols inlaid on a blue-green patina, generally interpreted as depicting the Sun or full moon, a lunar crescent and stars (including a group that may be the Pleiades), dated to circa 1800–1600 BCE and attributed to the Unetice culture of the early European Bronze Age.


lexentry: eng/Necker__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Necker
trans_list: Île Necker
sense:
Ellipsis of Necker Island.; An island in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Hawaiian Islands, Pacific Ocean in Hawaii, United States; named after Jacques Necker


lexentry: eng/Nefertem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nefertem
trans_list: Nefertoum
sense:
(Egyptian god) An ancient Egyptian god, who represented the first sunlight and the delightful smell of the Egyptian blue lotus flower


lexentry: eng/Nemean_Lion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nemean Lion
trans_list: Lion de Némée
sense:
(Greek mythology) A mythical lion of ancient Nemea that was invulnerable to attack by weapons and was slain by Hercules as one of his labours.


lexentry: eng/Neo-Middle_Egyptian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neo-Middle Egyptian
trans_list: égyptien de tradition
sense:
(linguistics, history) The form of Middle Egyptian archaizingly used as a literary language after the vernacular language had changed into Late Egyptian, and later Demotic and Coptic.


lexentry: eng/Neogrammarian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neogrammarian
trans_list: néogrammairien
sense:
(linguistics, historical) A member or follower of a 19th-century school of German linguists who first advanced the theory of regular sound change.


lexentry: eng/Neoplatonism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neoplatonism
trans_list: néoplatonisme
sense:
A school of philosophy based on the teachings of Plato and, subsequently, Plotinus; it was the foundation for paganism.


lexentry: eng/Nepal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nepal
trans_list: Népal
sense:
A country in South Asia, located between China and India. Official name: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. Capital and largest city: Kathmandu.


lexentry: eng/Neptune__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Neptune
trans_list: Neptune
sense:
(Roman mythology) The god of the ocean and of earthquakes, equivalent to Poseidon in Greek mythology.


lexentry: eng/Neptunian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neptunian
trans_list: neptunien
sense:
(Roman mythology) Of or pertaining to Neptune, the Roman god of fresh water and the sea, the counterpart of the Greek god Poseidon.


lexentry: eng/Neptunism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neptunism
trans_list: neptunisme
sense:
(historical) A discredited scientific theory of geology, held by many scientists around the late 18th century and early 19th century, that rocks were formed from the crystallisation of minerals in the early Earth's oceans.


lexentry: eng/Nestorian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nestorian
trans_list: nestorien | nestorienne
sense:
(sometimes, pejorative) A perceived follower of Nestorius in the fourth and fifth centuries. A member of a Nestorian church.


lexentry: eng/Nestorianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nestorianism
trans_list: nestorianisme
sense:
(Christianity) The Christological doctrine ascribed to Nestorius, condemned as heretical by the Council of Ephesus but later also ascribed to the Church of the East, holding that within Christ there are two distinct hypostases, divine and human.


lexentry: eng/Netflix__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Netflix
trans_list: netflixer
sense:
(transitive, Internet, informal) To watch (a film or TV series) using the Internet streaming media provider Netflix. [from the 2000s]


lexentry: eng/Netflixian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Netflixian
trans_list: netflixien
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or resembling the streaming service provider Netflix, especially with respect to its innovative approach.


lexentry: eng/Netherlands_Antilles__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Netherlands Antilles
trans_list: Antilles néerlandaises
sense:
(historical) A former autonomous country in the Caribbean, within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, composed of the islands of Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba and Sint Maarten, dissolved in 2010.


lexentry: eng/Netherlands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Netherlands
trans_list: Pays-Bas | Hollande
sense:
A country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten.


lexentry: eng/Neustria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Neustria
trans_list: Neustrie
sense:
(historical) The western part of the Frankish empire, corresponding roughly to modern-day northern France.


lexentry: eng/Nevanlinna_theory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nevanlinna theory
trans_list: théorie de Nevanlinna
sense:
(complex analysis) A part of the theory of meromorphic functions that describes the asymptotic distribution of solutions to the equation ƒ(z) = a, as a varies.


lexentry: eng/Nevi'im__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nevi'im
trans_list: Nevi'im
sense:
(bible) A subdivision of the Hebrew Testament (Tanakh) that is known in English as the Prophets. This section is subdivided into two sections, the Former Prophets and the Latter Prophets. The Latter Prophets is further subdivided into the Major Prophets and the Minor Prophets (known as the Twelve).


lexentry: eng/Neville__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Neville
trans_list: Néville | Néville-sur-Mer
sense:
A settlement and former commune in Manche department, Normandy, France. Ellipsis of Néville-sur-Mer, the correct French spelling.


lexentry: eng/New_Amsterdam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Amsterdam
trans_list: Nouvelle-Amsterdam
sense:
(historical) The capital city of New Netherland, a colony of the Netherlands; the Dutch colonial settlement that later became New York City.


lexentry: eng/New_Caledonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Caledonia
trans_list: Nouvelle-Calédonie
sense:
An archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania. Official name: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies.


lexentry: eng/New_England__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New England
trans_list: Nouvelle-Angleterre
sense:
Collectively, six states of the United States, namely Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.


lexentry: eng/New_France__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New France
trans_list: Nouvelle-France
sense:
(historical) France's former possessions and colonies in North America, including Canada (now Quebec and Ontario and Ohio plains), Acadia (now New Brunswick and Nova Scotia), and Louisiana (now the Mississippi plains), before 1763.


lexentry: eng/New_Guinea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Guinea
trans_list: Nouvelle-Guinée
sense:
A large Oceanian island in the Pacific Ocean, north of Australia, whose territory is divided between Indonesia in the west and Papua New Guinea in the east.


lexentry: eng/New_Ireland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Ireland
trans_list: Nouvelle-Irlande
sense:
An island of the Bismarck Archipelago, a German colony from 1884 to 1921; governed by Australia from 1921 and then by Papua New Guinea from 1975 to the present day.


lexentry: eng/New_Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Latin
trans_list: néolatin | néo-latin
sense:
The reformed Latin language as written or spoken as a lingua franca from 14th century Renaissance Latin to Contemporary Latin beginning in the late 19th century.


lexentry: eng/New_Objectivity__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Objectivity
trans_list: nouvelle objectivité
sense:
An anti-expressionist artistic movement of the first half of the twentieth century that espoused direct, unadorned, matter-of-fact aesthetics.


lexentry: eng/New_Orleans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Orleans
trans_list: La Nouvelle-Orléans | Nouvelle-Orléans
sense:
The largest city in Louisiana, United States and the parish seat of Orleans Parish, which is coterminous with the city. It is an industrial and distribution center and major seaport located along the Mississippi near the Gulf of Mexico, known for its rich cultural heritage, especially its music and cuisine.


lexentry: eng/New_South_Wales__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New South Wales
trans_list: Nouvelle-Galles du Sud
sense:
One of the six states of Australia. Capital: Sydney. Situated in the south-eastern part of the continent.


lexentry: eng/New_Spain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Spain
trans_list: Nouvelle-Espagne
sense:
(historical) The colony comprising Spain's territorial possessions in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama, established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521.


lexentry: eng/New_Testament__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Testament
trans_list: Nouveau Testament
sense:
(bible, Christianity) The second half of the Christian Bible, which includes the four Gospels, the Book of Acts, the Epistles, and the Book of Revelation.


lexentry: eng/New_World_Order__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New World Order
trans_list: Nouvel Ordre Mondial
sense:
A vision for the world in which greater peace and stability is achieved through a new political order.


lexentry: eng/New_World_monkey__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New World monkey
trans_list: singe du Nouveau Monde
sense:
Any monkey from any of the five families of primates that are found in Central America and South America: the Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae.


lexentry: eng/New_Year's_Day__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Year's Day
trans_list: Nouvel An | jour de l'an
sense:
A holiday celebrating the first day of the New Year, celebrated on January 1 in cultures following the Gregorian calendar.


lexentry: eng/New_Year's_Eve__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Year's Eve
trans_list: Saint-Sylvestre
sense:
The holiday occurring on the last day of the year, celebrated on December 31st in cultures following the Gregorian calendar


lexentry: eng/New_Year__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: New Year
trans_list: le jour de l'an | le nouvel an | nouvel an
sense:
In particular, January 1 in the Julian and Gregorian calendar (New Year’s Day) and the days following.


lexentry: eng/New_York_City__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New York City
trans_list: New York | Ville de New York
sense:
The largest city in the United States, situated in the state of New York at the mouth of the Hudson River on the northeastern Atlantic Coast. It consists of five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island.


lexentry: eng/New_York__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New York
trans_list: New York | État de New York
sense:
The largest city in the state of New York and the largest city in the United States, a metropolis extending into neighboring New Jersey.


lexentry: eng/New_Zealand__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: New Zealand
trans_list: Nouvelle-Zélande | néo-zélandais
sense:
A country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia. Official name: New Zealand. Capital: Wellington.


lexentry: eng/Newari__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Newari
trans_list: Nepâlbhâsa
sense:
A Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Nepal, India and Bhutan by the Newa people, and the only Tibeto-Burman language written in Devanagari script.


lexentry: eng/Newfoundland__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Newfoundland
trans_list: terre-neuve | chien de Terre-Neuve
sense:
A very large breed of working dog from Newfoundland, with a shaggy, usually black coat, known for its water rescue ability, strength, and gentle disposition.


lexentry: eng/Newfoundland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Newfoundland
trans_list: Terre-Neuve
sense:
A large island off the coast of eastern Canada, which, along with Labrador, has composed the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador since 1949, and the Dominion of Newfoundland, before it.


lexentry: eng/Newspeak__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Newspeak
trans_list: novlangue
sense:
(computer languages) A highly dynamic and reflective programming language descended from Smalltalk, supporting both object-oriented and functional programming.


lexentry: eng/Niagara_Falls__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Niagara Falls
trans_list: chutes Niagara | chutes du Niagara
sense:
A waterfall in the Niagara river, Niagara region, on the international border between Canada and United States, in both Ontario and New York state; Massive waterfalls located on the Niagara River.


lexentry: eng/Niagara_River__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Niagara River
trans_list: Niagara
sense:
A river in North America flowing to the north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario and including the Niagara Falls.


lexentry: eng/Nibelung__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nibelung
trans_list: Nibelung
sense:
(Germanic, _, mythology) A member of a supernatural underground race that guarded treasures and gold searched for and eventually seized by Siegfried.


lexentry: eng/Nice__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nice
trans_list: Nice
sense:
A coastal city, the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France.


lexentry: eng/Nicene_Creed__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nicene Creed
trans_list: Foi de Nicene | Symbole de Nicée
sense:
The first official creed of the early Christian church, stating the basic tenets of the Christian faith, including the nature of the Holy Trinity.


lexentry: eng/Nicene__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Nicene
trans_list: nicéen
sense:
Of or pertaining to the First Council of Nicaea convened by the Roman Emperor Constantine I, or to the churches that profess the Nicene Creed, the formulation of which began at this council.


lexentry: eng/Nicopolis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nicopolis
trans_list: Nicopolis
sense:
(historical) Former name of Preveza, a city in northwestern Greece that served as the provincial capital of Epirus Vetus in the Roman Empire.


lexentry: eng/Nietzschean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nietzschean
trans_list: nietzschéen
sense:
Of, pertaining to or characteristic of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), German philosopher, or his writings.


lexentry: eng/Nigeria__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nigeria
trans_list: Nigeria | Nigéria
sense:
A country in West Africa, south of the country of Niger. Official name: Federal Republic of Nigeria. Capital: Abuja. Largest city: Lagos.


lexentry: eng/Nihilism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nihilism
trans_list: nihilisme
sense:
(Russia, politics, historical) A movement of the 1860s that rejected all authority and promoted the use of violence for political change.


lexentry: eng/Nile__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nile
trans_list: Nil
sense:
A large river in Africa flowing through Khartoum and Cairo into the Mediterranean Sea, usually considered to be the longest river in the world.


lexentry: eng/Niman_Kachina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Niman Kachina
trans_list: Niman Katchina
sense:
A Hopi ceremony celebrating the departing of the kachinas for the San Francisco Peaks at the summer solstice.


lexentry: eng/Ninhursag__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ninhursag
trans_list: Ninhursag
sense:
(Sumerian mythology) The Sumerian earth and mother goddess, one of the seven great deities of Sumer.


lexentry: eng/Nintendo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nintendo
trans_list: Nintendo
sense:
(video games, trademark) A Japanese multinational company that develops, publishes and releases both video games and video game consoles.


lexentry: eng/Nintendocore__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nintendocore
trans_list: Nintendocore | nintendo rock | video rock
sense:
(music genre, video games) An aggressive genre of modern rock music influenced by chiptunes and video game music. [from 2001]


lexentry: eng/Nintendrone__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nintendrone
trans_list: concevoir
sense:
(slang, derogatory, video games) A slavish supporter of Nintendo's video games or consoles; a Nintendo fanboy


lexentry: eng/Niue__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Niue
trans_list: Nioué | Niue
sense:
An island and country in Polynesia in Oceania, a self-governing state in free association with New Zealand. Official name: Republic of Niue. Capital: Alofi.


lexentry: eng/Nivôse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nivôse
trans_list: nivôse
sense:
(historical) The fourth month of the French Republican Calendar, from December 21, 22 or 23 to January 19, 20 or 21.


lexentry: eng/Nizhny_Novgorod__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Nizhny Novgorod
trans_list: Nijni Novgorod
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Russia, the fourth-largest in the country by population.


lexentry: eng/Niçoise_salad__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Niçoise salad
trans_list: salade niçoise
sense:
A salad, originating from the French town of Nice, with various ingredients including tuna, anchovies, hard-boiled eggs, tomatoes, black olives, and lettuce.


lexentry: eng/Nobel_Prize__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nobel Prize
trans_list: prix Nobel
sense:
Any of the international prizes awarded annually by the Nobel Foundation for outstanding achievements in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and for the promotion of world peace; or the prize in economics awarded by the Swedish National Bank, in memorial of Alfred Nobel.


lexentry: eng/Nogai__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nogai
trans_list: nogaï
sense:
A Turkic language spoken in the northern Caucasus region of southwestern Russia and in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.


lexentry: eng/Nord-Pas-de-Calais__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nord-Pas-de-Calais
trans_list: Nord-Pas-de-Calais
sense:
A former administrative region of France, made up of the two departments of Nord and Pas-de-Calais; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Hauts-de-France.


lexentry: eng/Nordic_combined__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nordic combined
trans_list: combiné nordique
sense:
(skiing) An event in which individual skiers take part in runs on a cross-country skiing course and a ski jumping hill.


lexentry: eng/Norma__Proper_noun__2
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Norma
trans_list: Règle
sense:
(constellation) An inconspicuous constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a carpenter's square. It lies south of the constellations Scorpius and Centaurus.


lexentry: eng/Norman__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Norman
trans_list: normand | Normand
sense:
The langue d'oïl variant, closely related to the French of Île-de-France (i.e. Paris), spoken in Normandy and the Channel Islands, and was for several centuries the ruling language of England (see Anglo-Norman).


lexentry: eng/Normandy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Normandy
trans_list: Normandie
sense:
An administrative region, historical province, and medieval kingdom in northwest France, on the English Channel. The modern region was created in 2016 with the merger of Upper Normandy and Lower Normandy.


lexentry: eng/North_Africa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Africa
trans_list: Afrique du Nord
sense:
The northern part of the continent of Africa, usually referring to specifically the regions north of the Sahara Desert where Arabic is widely spoken as a mother tongue.


lexentry: eng/North_America__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North America
trans_list: Amérique du Nord
sense:
The continent that is the northern part of the Americas; that part east of the Pacific Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, north of South America and south of the Arctic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/North_Asia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Asia
trans_list: Asie du Nord
sense:
The northern region of Asia, also referred to as Siberia, geographically coextensive with the Asian part of Russia.


lexentry: eng/North_Atlantic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Atlantic
trans_list: océan Atlantique Nord
sense:
The portion of the Atlantic Ocean that lies primarily between North America and the northeast coast of South America to the east, and Europe and the northwest coast of Africa to the west.


lexentry: eng/North_Carolina__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Carolina
trans_list: Caroline du Nord
sense:
A state of the United States situated on the east coast of the North American mainland north of South Carolina and south of Virginia. Capital: Raleigh.


lexentry: eng/North_Caucasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Caucasus
trans_list: Caucase du Nord | Ciscaucasie
sense:
the northern part of the Caucasus region between the Black and Caspian Seas and within European Russia.


lexentry: eng/North_Channel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Channel
trans_list: canal du Nord
sense:
The strait between Northern Ireland and southwestern Scotland, connecting the Irish Sea with the Atlantic Ocean.


lexentry: eng/North_China_Plain__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North China Plain
trans_list: grande plaine de Chine du Nord
sense:
A large alluvial plain of northern China, bordered to the north by the Yanshan Mountains, to the west by the Taihang Mountains and Funiu Mountains, to the southwest by the Dabie Mountains and Tongbai Mountains, and to the east by the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, and merging with the Jianghuai Plains to the south.


lexentry: eng/North_East__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North East
trans_list: Angleterre du Nord-Est
sense:
(UK) A region of England, consisting of the counties of Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and the part of North Yorkshire that was part of the former county of Cleveland or the former county borough of Teesside.


lexentry: eng/North_Frisian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Frisian
trans_list: frison septentrional | frison du Nord
sense:
A Frisian language, or group of dialects, spoken by 5,000 to 10,000 people in northwestern Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.


lexentry: eng/North_India__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North India
trans_list: Inde du Nord
sense:
The northern region of India, comprising the states of Haryana, Punjab, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh, and the union territories of Delhi, Chandigarh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. Often Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar are included, as well.


lexentry: eng/North_Karelia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Karelia
trans_list: Carélie du Nord
sense:
A county and region in northern Karelia, in southeast Finland. (Since 2022, the English term officially prescribed as the name for the Finnish administrative unit long known as a “region” was changed to be called a “county”, although reference to counties as regions is still common. See Counties of Finland.)


lexentry: eng/North_Korea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Korea
trans_list: Corée du Nord
sense:
A country in East Asia, whose territory consists of the northern part of Korea. Official name: Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Capital: Pyongyang.


lexentry: eng/North_Levantine_Arabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Levantine Arabic
trans_list: Arabe levantin septentrional
sense:
A group of Eastern Arabic dialects spoken primarily in Syria, Lebanon, the north of Palestine, and Cyprus.


lexentry: eng/North_Macedonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Macedonia
trans_list: Macédoine du Nord
sense:
A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of North Macedonia. Capital and largest city: Skopje. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992. The current name was adopted in 2019 to resolve a naming dispute with Greece.


lexentry: eng/North_Pole__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Pole
trans_list: pôle Nord
sense:
(geography) The Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole; the point which north is oriented towards, and therefore the northernmost point on Earth (having a latitude of 90°).


lexentry: eng/North_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Sea
trans_list: mer du Nord | Mer du Nord
sense:
A marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Britain (in the west), Scandinavia (in the east) and Germany, Netherlands, Belgium and France (in the south).


lexentry: eng/North_Star__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Star
trans_list: Étoile du Nord | Étoile polaire
sense:
(astronomy) The current northern pole star, the star nearest the northern celestial pole, which has been Polaris for the last 1500 years.


lexentry: eng/North_Vietnam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Vietnam
trans_list: Nord-Vietnam | Vietnam du Nord | Viêt Nam du Nord
sense:
(historical) A state (officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam) that governed northern Vietnam in 1945–1975.


lexentry: eng/North_Yorkshire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: North Yorkshire
trans_list: Yorkshire du Nord
sense:
(from 1974) A county in northeastern England, bordering the East Riding of Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cumbria and County Durham.


lexentry: eng/Northern_Cape__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Northern Cape
trans_list: Cap-Nord
sense:
A province of South Africa created in 1994 when Cape Province was split into three. Its capital is in Kimberley.


lexentry: eng/Northern_Europe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Northern Europe
trans_list: Europe du Nord
sense:
A sociopolitical region of Europe including such countries as Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.


lexentry: eng/Northern_Mariana_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Northern Mariana Islands
trans_list: îles Mariannes du Nord | Mariannes du Nord
sense:
An archipelago, commonwealth and dependent territory (technically, an unincorporated territory) of the United States in the Pacific Ocean. Official name: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.


lexentry: eng/Northern_Rhodesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Northern Rhodesia
trans_list: Rhodésie du Nord
sense:
(historical) A former protectorate of the United Kingdom, existing from 1911 to 1964, now called Zambia.


lexentry: eng/Northern_Sami__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Northern Sami
trans_list: same du Nord
sense:
The most widely spoken Sami language; it is spoken in northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland. It includes three dialects: Torne, Finnmark and Sea Sami.


lexentry: eng/Northern_Sea_Route__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Northern Sea Route
trans_list: passage du Nord-Est | route maritime du nord
sense:
(geography) A shipping lane from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean along the Russian Arctic coast from the Barents Sea, along Siberia, to the Far East.


lexentry: eng/Northumberland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Northumberland
trans_list: Northumberland
sense:
The most northerly county of England bordered by County Durham, Cumbria, Tyne and Wear, Scotland and the North Sea.


lexentry: eng/Norway_spruce__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Norway spruce
trans_list: épicéa commun | épinette de Norvège
sense:
A species of spruce native to Europe and naturalized in temperate northeastern North America, Picea abies.


lexentry: eng/Norwegian__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Norwegian
trans_list: norvégien
sense:
(uncountable) The language of Norway, which has two official forms (written standards): Bokmål and Nynorsk.


lexentry: eng/Nostratic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nostratic
trans_list: nostratique
sense:
A conjectural and not widely accepted grouping of languages including the Indo-European, Uralic, Altaic, Chukchi-Kamchatkan, Eskimo-Aleut, Dravidian, Elamite, Sumerian, Kartvelian, and Afroasiatic languages, and less commonly including the Aegean and Ainu languages as well.


lexentry: eng/Nouméa__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nouméa
trans_list: Nouméa
sense:
The capital city of the French overseas territory New Caledonia, a natural South Sea port on its main island.


lexentry: eng/Nouvelle-Aquitaine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nouvelle-Aquitaine
trans_list: Nouvelle-Aquitaine
sense:
An administrative region in southwestern France, established in 2016 by the merger of Aquitaine, Limousin, and Poitou-Charentes.


lexentry: eng/Novatian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Novatian
trans_list: Novatien
sense:
A Roman priest, who became an antipope against St. Cornelius in 251 AD, and considered by the Catholic Church to be a schismatic heresiarch as founder of a Christian sect known as Novatianism


lexentry: eng/November__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: November
trans_list: novembre
sense:
The eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following October and preceding December. Abbreviation: Nov or Nov.


lexentry: eng/Novorossiya__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Novorossiya
trans_list: Nouvelle Russie
sense:
(historical) An area north of the Black Sea which was conquered by the Russian Empire at the end of the 18th century, located in present-day Ukraine.


lexentry: eng/Nowheresville__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
sense: (slang, pejorative, humorous) A geographical location that is deemed obscure or unimportant.
written_rep: Nowheresville
trans_list:
Perpète-la-Galette | Perpète-les-Alouettes | Perpète-les-Andouillettes | Perpète-les-Bains | Perpète-les-Oies | Pétaouchnok


lexentry: eng/Numbers__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Numbers
trans_list: Nombres
sense:
The Book of Numbers, the fourth of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the fourth book in the Torah.


lexentry: eng/Nuns'_Island__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nuns' Island
trans_list: Île des Sœurs
sense:
An island in Hochelaga Archipelago, Saint Lawrence River, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, co-terminous with the suburb Nuns' Island, located offshore to the south from Verdun borough, Montreal Island


lexentry: eng/Nuns'_Island__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Nuns' Island
trans_list: Île des Sœurs | Île-des-Sœurs
sense:
A suburb, a neighbourhood of Verdun borough, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, co-terminous with the island Nuns' Island


lexentry: eng/Nuragic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nuragic
trans_list: nuragique
sense:
Of or relating to a civilization of Sardinia, which lasted from the Mediterranean Bronze Age until the 2nd century CE and built monuments of a type called nuraghe.


lexentry: eng/Nuremberg_defense__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nuremberg defense
trans_list: les ordres sont les ordres
sense:
(ethics, international law, idiomatic) An explanation offered as an excuse for behaving in a criminal or wrongful manner, claiming that one acted in this way because one was ordered by others (particularly superiors) to do so.


lexentry: eng/Nyankole__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nyankole
trans_list: runyankole
sense:
The Bantu lect spoken by more than two million members of the Nkore (Banyankore) and Hema (Hima) peoples of southwestern Uganda, closely related to the Kiga language and sometimes considered with Kiga to be a dialect of Nkore-Kiga, or (with Kiga, Nyoro and Tooro) a dialect of Kitara.


lexentry: eng/Nîmes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Nîmes
trans_list: Nîmes
sense:
A city in Occitanie, southern France, the capital of the department of Gard, formerly in the region of Languedoc-Roussillon.


lexentry: eng/OODA__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: OODA
trans_list: OODA
sense:
(military) Initialism of Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act (a decision cycle for military combat operations and other processes)


lexentry: eng/Occidental__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Occidental
trans_list: occidental
sense:
An artificial language, created by Edgar de Wahl later renamed Interlingue shortly before the publication of Interlingua


lexentry: eng/Occitan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Occitan
trans_list: occitan | langue d'oc
sense:
A Romance language spoken in Occitania, a region of Europe that includes Southern France, Auvergne, Limousin, and some parts of Catalonia and Italy.


lexentry: eng/Occitania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Occitania
trans_list: Occitanie
sense:
A region of Europe corresponding to Southern France, Auvergne, Limousin, and some parts of Catalonia and Italy, where the Occitan language was widely spoken and is still spoken.


lexentry: eng/Occitanie__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Occitanie
trans_list: Occitanie
sense:
An administrative region in southern France, created in 2016 by the merger of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées.


lexentry: eng/Oceania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oceania
trans_list: Océanie
sense:
A geographical region or continent composed of many islands (Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia) plus Australasia. It is located between Asia, Antarctica and the Americas.


lexentry: eng/Oceanus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oceanus
trans_list: Océan
sense:
(Greek god) Personification of vast waters or the world ocean. He was the first-born of the Titans, son of Uranus and Gaia, the god that encircled the earth. With his sister-wife, Tethys, he fathered all rivers and the Oceanids.


lexentry: eng/Ocheretyne__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ocheretyne
trans_list: Otcheretyne
sense:
A rural settlement, the administrative centre of the settlement hromada of the same name, Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, the Ukraine, founded in 1880


lexentry: eng/Octans__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Octans
trans_list: Octant
sense:
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an octant. It lies closest to the southern celestial pole of any constellation.


lexentry: eng/October__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: October
trans_list: octobre
sense:
The tenth month of the Gregorian calendar, following September and preceding November. Abbreviation: Oct.


lexentry: eng/Odense__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Odense
trans_list: Odense
sense:
The largest city in the Region of Southern Denmark (Region Syddanmark) and third-largest city in Denmark.


lexentry: eng/Oder__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oder
trans_list: Oder
sense:
A river in central Europe, that flows from the Czech Republic through Poland and Germany to the Baltic Sea.


lexentry: eng/Odin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Odin
trans_list: Odin
sense:
(Norse mythology, and, paganism) A major Germanic god, often described as chief of the pantheon, in his Norse form a member of the Æsir, married to Frigg and associated with knowledge, poetry and war. Wednesday refers to him by way of interpretatio germanica.


lexentry: eng/Odysseus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Odysseus
trans_list: Ulysse | Odysseus
sense:
(Greek mythology) The son of Laertes and Anticlea and father of Telemachus. A Greek leader during the Trojan War, he was responsible for the Trojan horse. He was also king of Ithaca, hero of the Iliad and protagonist of the Odyssey.


lexentry: eng/Oedipus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oedipus
trans_list: Œdipe
sense:
(Greek mythology) A son of Laius and Jocasta, who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother.


lexentry: eng/Oedipus_complex__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oedipus complex
trans_list: complexe d’Œdipe
sense:
(psychoanalysis) In Freudian theory, the complex of emotions aroused in a child by an unconscious sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex.


lexentry: eng/Ohio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Ohio
trans_list: Ohio
sense:
A river in the United States, flowing 981 miles from the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela at Pittsburgh into the Mississippi at Cairo, Illinois.


lexentry: eng/Ohm's_law__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ohm's law
trans_list: loi d'Ohm
sense:
(physics) Ohm's observation that the direct current flowing in an electrical circuit consisting only of resistances is directly proportional to the voltage applied.


lexentry: eng/Ojibwe__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ojibwe
trans_list: ojibwé
sense:
The language spoken by the native Algonquin people of central Canada, one of a closely related group of languages and dialects of the Algonquian branch of the Algic language family.


lexentry: eng/Okazaki_fragment__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Okazaki fragment
trans_list: fragment d'Okazaki
sense:
(genetics, often, _, in the plural) One of many short, newly synthesized DNA fragments formed on the lagging template strand (i.e. lagging strand) during DNA replication.


lexentry: eng/Okhotsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Okhotsk
trans_list: Okhotsk
sense:
An urban locality, a work settlement, the administrative center of Okhotsky district, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia.


lexentry: eng/Old_Arabic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Arabic
trans_list: arabe ancien
sense:
The earliest attested stage of the Arabic language, beginning with the first attestation of personal names in the 9th century BC, and culminating in the codification of Classical Arabic beginning in the 7th century AD.


lexentry: eng/Old_Armenian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Armenian
trans_list: arménien ancien | arménien classique
sense:
The oldest attested form of the Armenian language, first written down at the beginning of the 5th century AD and spoken until 12th century; then replaced by Middle Armenian. Served as a literary language until the 18-19th centuries. Partly intelligible to speakers of modern Armenian.


lexentry: eng/Old_Believer__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Believer
trans_list: vieux-croyant | vieille-croyante | vieille-ritualiste | vieux-ritualiste
sense:
(religion) Any of those who separated from the official Russian Orthodox Church after 1666 as a protest against the church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652 and 1666. They continue liturgical and ritual practices which predate the reforms.


lexentry: eng/Old_Breton__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Breton
trans_list: vieux breton | vieux-breton
sense:
An early form of Breton language, spoken in the North of France in the between the 9th and the 11th century AD.


lexentry: eng/Old_Catholic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Catholic
trans_list: vieux-catholique
sense:
Pertaining to a group of churches that split from the Roman Catholic Church over the dogma of papal infallibility, which they did not agree with.


lexentry: eng/Old_Danish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Danish
trans_list: vieux danois
sense:
Old East Norse dialect (also sometimes considered a separate language, several other names are used as well) as spoken from the 9th to 11th centuries in Denmark


lexentry: eng/Old_Dutch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Dutch
trans_list: vieux néerlandais
sense:
A branch of Old Low Franconian, with a Frisian substrate, spoken and written during the Middle Ages (c. 9th to 12th century) in the Netherlands and the northern part of present-day Belgium, as well as in areas of northern France along the North Sea coast and adjoining Belgium. This language represents the first attested stage of the Dutch language and its dialects, being succeeded by Middle Dutch in the later Middle Ages.


lexentry: eng/Old_East_Slavic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old East Slavic
trans_list: vieux slave oriental
sense:
(historical) A Slavic language used from the 10th to the 14th centuries by East Slavs in the state of Kievan Rus and its successors. The ancestor of Belarusian, Russian, Rusyn and Ukrainian.


lexentry: eng/Old_English_Sheepdog__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old English Sheepdog
trans_list: berger anglais ancestral
sense:
A herding dog of a particular breed (also used as a pet), with shaggy grey and white fur also covering its face, and a docked tail.


lexentry: eng/Old_English__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old English
trans_list: anglo-saxon | vieil anglais
sense:
(linguistics, history) The ancestor language of Modern English, also called Anglo-Saxon, spoken in most of Britain from about 400 to 1100.


lexentry: eng/Old_Frisian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Frisian
trans_list: vieux frison
sense:
a West Germanic language spoken on parts of the North Sea coast of modern Netherlands and Germany until the 16th century


lexentry: eng/Old_Greek__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Greek
trans_list: vieux grec
sense:
A form of the Greek language intermediate between Ancient Greek and Modern Greek; spoken roughly between the 1st and 16th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Old_High_German__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old High German
trans_list: vieux haut-allemand
sense:
The early recorded form of the High German language, spoken from the 8th century to the 11th century.


lexentry: eng/Old_Icelandic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Icelandic
trans_list: vieil islandais
sense:
The Old Norse language as spoken and written in Iceland in the Middle Ages, quite similar to Old Norwegian, but differing most markedly in orthography and, to a lesser extent, in phonology.


lexentry: eng/Old_Irish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Irish
trans_list: vieil irlandais
sense:
The Irish language as attested from the sixth to the tenth centuries C.E., the oldest form of the Goidelic languages for which extensive texts (written in the Latin alphabet) are extant.


lexentry: eng/Old_Italian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Italian
trans_list: vieil italien
sense:
The continuum of languages derived from Vulgar Latin spoken in the Italian peninsula between circa 960 and the establishment of the Accademia della Crusca in 1582.


lexentry: eng/Old_Japanese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Japanese
trans_list: vieux japonais | ancien japonais | haut japonais
sense:
the oldest stage of the Japanese language; spoken through the 8th century and followed by Late Old Japanese


lexentry: eng/Old_Korean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Korean
trans_list: vieux coréen | ancien coréen
sense:
The earliest stage of the Korean language, written in hanja, which evolved into Middle Korean by the 10th or 13th century, depending on the analysis.


lexentry: eng/Old_Latin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Latin
trans_list: latin archaïque
sense:
The Latin language in the period before the age of Classical Latin; particularly Latin before 75 BC.


lexentry: eng/Old_Maid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Maid
trans_list: pouilleux | vieux garçon
sense:
(uncountable) A children's card game, sometimes played with a special deck, where the object of the game is for each player to find matches for all the cards in his hand, without being stuck with the single unmatchable card.


lexentry: eng/Old_Norse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Norse
trans_list: vieux norrois | norois | norrois | vieil islandais | vieux norois | vieux norvégien
sense:
The language of Scandinavia until the 14th century, the common ancestor of modern Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Faroese, and Icelandic.


lexentry: eng/Old_Novgorodian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Novgorodian
trans_list: vieux novgorodien
sense:
A dialect used in Old East Slavic birch-bark writings found around Novgorod, having some archaic features that were lost in other Slavic dialects.


lexentry: eng/Old_Persian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Persian
trans_list: vieux perse | vieux-perse
sense:
The ancestor language of Middle Persian, and via it of New Persian language. Attested in Old Persian cuneiform, in the period 525 B.C.E. - 300 B.C.E..


lexentry: eng/Old_Port__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Port
trans_list: Vieux-Port
sense:
A region of Old Montreal, Ville-Marie borough, Downtown, City of Montreal, Island of Montreal, Montreal Region, Quebec, Canada


lexentry: eng/Old_Prussian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Prussian
trans_list: vieux prussien
sense:
An extinct Baltic language, once spoken by the Old Prussians, the indigenous peoples of the historical region of Prussia (now north-eastern Poland, the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia and Lithuania).


lexentry: eng/Old_Spanish__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Spanish
trans_list: castillan ancien | vieil espagnol
sense:
Western Ibero-Romance language that was spoken on the Iberian Peninsula from the 10th century until roughly the beginning of the 15th century, before a consonantic readjustment gave rise to the evolution of Modern Spanish, differentiating Spanish proper from Judæo-Spanish and Haketia.


lexentry: eng/Old_Swedish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Swedish
trans_list: ancien suédois | vieux suédois
sense:
The medieval form of the Swedish language, markedly different from the modern language in having more complex case and gender systems.


lexentry: eng/Old_Testament__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Testament
trans_list: Ancien Testament
sense:
(religion, chiefly, Christianity) The first major part of the Christian Bible, covering events before the coming of Christ, corresponding roughly to the Jewish Tanakh. Usually subdivided into the categories of law, history, poetry (or wisdom books), and prophecy.


lexentry: eng/Old_Turkic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Turkic
trans_list: vieux-turc
sense:
The earliest attested Turkic language, found in inscriptions by the Göktürks and the Uyghurs in ca. the 7th to 13th centuries.


lexentry: eng/Old_Welsh__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old Welsh
trans_list: vieux gallois
sense:
The Welsh language as it existed from about 800 until the early twelfth century (when it developed into Middle Welsh), not readily intelligible to modern Welsh speakers.


lexentry: eng/Old_West__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old West
trans_list: l'Ouest sauvage
sense:
(historical) The western part of the United States during the 19th-century era of expansion and settlement.


lexentry: eng/Old_World_flycatcher__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old World flycatcher
trans_list: gobemouche
sense:
Any of various small birds of the passerine family Muscicapidae, of Africa and Eurasia; a muscicapid.


lexentry: eng/Old_World_monkey__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Old World monkey
trans_list: singe de l'Ancien Monde
sense:
A member of a group of primates, falling in the superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the clade Catarrhini.


lexentry: eng/Oleshky__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oleshky
trans_list: Olechky
sense:
A city, the administrative centre of the urban hromada of the same name of Kherson Raion, Kherson Oblast, the Ukraine, founded in 1784 on the site of a much older settlement.


lexentry: eng/Olivia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Olivia
trans_list: Olivia | Olive
sense:
A city, the county seat of Renville County, Minnesota, United States, named for a female station agent named Olive.


lexentry: eng/Olympiad__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Olympiad
trans_list: olympiade
sense:
(by, _, extension, usually, _, preceded, _) A competition aspiring to the importance of the Olympic Games or considered similar to them, especially one occurring at 4-year intervals, representing a national or international range of amateur student rather than professional adult competition, and/or requiring the highest level of ability in the field for success.


lexentry: eng/Olympian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Olympian
trans_list: olympien
sense:
(not comparable) Of or relating to Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece; or (Greek mythology) the Greek gods and goddesses who were believed to live there.


lexentry: eng/Olympian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Olympian
trans_list: olympien | olympienne
sense:
(Greek mythology) Any of the 12 principal gods and goddesses of the Greek pantheon (Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Ares, Hermes, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Demeter, and Hades); (specifically) preceded by the: Zeus, the supreme ruler of the Greek deities.


lexentry: eng/Olympic_Games__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Olympic Games
trans_list: Jeux olympiques
sense:
An international multi-sport event (inspired by the ancient festival) taking place every fourth year. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Olympic_Rings__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Olympic Rings
trans_list: anneaux olympiques
sense:
A symbol consisting of five interlocking colored rings, each one representing a continent that competes in the Olympic Games.


lexentry: eng/Olympic_village__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Olympic village
trans_list: village olympique
sense:
An area where participating athletes, as well as officials and trainers, are accommodated during the Olympic Games.


lexentry: eng/Oléron__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oléron
trans_list: Oléron
sense:
An island located in Charente-Maritime department, Poitou-Charentes, region of New Aquitaine, France


lexentry: eng/Om_Ali__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Om Ali
trans_list: Om Ali
sense:
A traditional Egyptian dessert resembling bread pudding, typically made with layers of puff pastry or phyllo dough, milk, nuts (such as almonds, pistachios, or hazelnuts), and sometimes raisins or coconut. It is baked until golden and served warm, often garnished with additional nuts, powdered sugar, or whipped cream.


lexentry: eng/Omsk__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Omsk
trans_list: Omsk
sense:
A city, the administrative center of Omsk Oblast, Russia, the seventh-largest in the country by population.


lexentry: eng/Ondine's_curse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ondine's curse
trans_list: syndrome d'Ondine
sense:
(disease) A medical condition marked by malfunction of the nerves that control involuntary body functions, causing breathing to require conscious effort and therefore meaning patients will die if they fall asleep.


lexentry: eng/Onega__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Onega
trans_list: lac Onega
sense:
a freshwater lake in the north-west European part of Russia, located on the territory of Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast and Vologda Oblast


lexentry: eng/Oort_Cloud__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oort Cloud
trans_list: nuage de Oort
sense:
(astronomy) The Solar System's Oort cloud, extending from 50,000 to 100,000 astronomical units (approximately 1 light year) from the sun; supposedly the source of most comets around the Solar System.


lexentry: eng/Ophiuchus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ophiuchus
trans_list: Ophiuchus | Serpentaire
sense:
(zodiac constellations) A zodiacal constellation of the northern summer said to depict a man (Asclepius) holding a serpent; the serpent is the constellation Serpens.


lexentry: eng/Opium_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Opium War
trans_list: guerre de opium
sense:
(historical) The First Opium War or the Second Opium War, two Anglo-Chinese wars relating to opium trade in the mid-19th century.


lexentry: eng/Ops__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ops
trans_list: Ops
sense:
(Roman god) The goddess of earth and fertility. Equivalent to the Greek Rhea, Ops was the sister-wife of Saturn and mother of Jupiter. After Saturn learned of a prophecy that his children by Ops would overthrow him, he ate each of them just after they were born; however, Ops saved Jupiter by feeding Saturn a stone instead.


lexentry: eng/Orange_Shirt_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orange Shirt Day
trans_list: Jour du chandail orange | Journée du t-shirt orange
sense:
(Canada, politics, memorials) September 30th; A national observance in remembrance of the time of year that Indigenous children were forcibly removed from Native homes to be forced into schools to assimilate into the colonizer's culture and lose their birth culture; and the cultural genocide and deaths of children at the schools, caused by the residential school system. Observers frequently wear orange shirts to stand in solidarity with survivors of the residential schools. First observed in 2013.


lexentry: eng/Orchies__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orchies
trans_list: Orchies
sense:
A commune in the département of Nord, in the region of Hauts-de-France, in France, near its border with Belgium.


lexentry: eng/Order_of_Australia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Order of Australia
trans_list: ordre d'Australie
sense:
(chiefly, Australia, UK) An order of chivalry established for the purpose of according recognition to Australian citizens and other persons for outstanding achievement. [Established 1975.]


lexentry: eng/Ordinary_Time__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ordinary Time
trans_list: temps ordinaire
sense:
(Christianity) A season of the Christian liturgical calendar, celebrated in two segments: from the Monday following the baptism of Jesus Christ up to Ash Wednesday; and from Pentecost Monday to the first Sunday of Advent.


lexentry: eng/Oregon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oregon
trans_list: Oregon | Orégon
sense:
A state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Capital: Salem. Largest city: Portland.


lexentry: eng/Oreo__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oreo
trans_list: Oreo
sense:
(foods) A cookie made of two wafers joined with a sugary filling, particularly a Nabisco cookie with two alkalized cocoa-powder wafers around a white creme filling.


lexentry: eng/Oriental__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Oriental
trans_list: oriental
sense:
Pertaining to the regions east of the Mediterranean, beyond the Roman Empire or the early Christian world; of the Near East, the Middle East or the Far East, now especially relating to East Asia. [from 15th c.]


lexentry: eng/Oriental_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oriental studies
trans_list: orientalisme | orientologie | orientalistique
sense:
(humanities) an academic field of study that embraces Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology


lexentry: eng/Orion's_Belt__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orion's Belt
trans_list: Baudrier d'Orion | Ceinture d'Orion
sense:
(constellation) A bright asterism located near the celestial equator, consisting of three bright stars lined up and visibly close together.


lexentry: eng/Orion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Orion
trans_list: Orion
sense:
(constellation) A constellation on the celestial equator close to Gemini and Taurus, containing the stars Betelgeuse and Rigel.


lexentry: eng/Orleanian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orleanian
trans_list: orléanais | orléanaise
sense:
Of or relating to a period of geologic time 20 to 16 million years ago, within the Miocene, preceding the Astaracian age and following the Agenian age.


lexentry: eng/Orleans_County__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orleans County
trans_list: comté d'Orleans
sense:
One of 62 counties in New York, United States. County seat: Albion. Named after the French Royal House of Orléans.


lexentry: eng/Orontes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orontes
trans_list: Oronte | Assi
sense:
A river in Western Asia, about 400 km (250 mi) long, flowing from Lebanon through Syria before entering the Mediterranean Sea near Samandağ in Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Orpheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orpheus
trans_list: Orphée
sense:
(Greek mythology) A Thracian musician and poet, who failed to retrieve his wife Eurydice from Hades.


lexentry: eng/Orphism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orphism
trans_list: orphisme
sense:
(religion, Ancient Greece) A religious movement in antiquity, supposed to have been founded by Orpheus.


lexentry: eng/Orthodox_Judaism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orthodox Judaism
trans_list: judaïsme orthodoxe
sense:
(Judaism) The most traditional Rabbinic branch of Judaism, characterized by the belief in the continued relevance and binding nature of the Rabbinic interpretation of Jewish law.


lexentry: eng/Orthodox__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Orthodox
trans_list: orthodoxe
sense:
(Christianity, loosely) Of or pertaining to a particular Orthodox Church, usually the Eastern Orthodox Church, sometimes the Oriental Orthodox Church or the Church of the East.


lexentry: eng/Orthodoxy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Orthodoxy
trans_list: orthodoxie
sense:
The aggregate of the definitive elements of the Eastern Orthodox Church, such as its faith, worship, theology, and traditions.


lexentry: eng/Orwellian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Orwellian
trans_list: orwellien
sense:
Resembling the totalitarian political methods decried in the works of writer George Orwell, particularly in the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four; characterized by use of misleading terminology, propaganda, censorship, surveillance and repression. [1950]


lexentry: eng/Osroene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Osroene
trans_list: Osroène
sense:
(historical) An ancient Syriac kingdom, Roman province and historical region in northwestern Mesopotamia in modern Turkey and Syria, which enjoyed semi-autonomy to complete independence from the years of 132 B.C.E. to 244 C.E..


lexentry: eng/Ossetia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ossetia
trans_list: Ossétie
sense:
An ethnolinguistic region on the border of Europe and Asia, located on both sides of the Greater Caucasus Mountains, largely inhabited by the Ossetians. The northern part of the region forms North Ossetia-Alania federal subject of Russia. The southern part is South Ossetia.


lexentry: eng/Ostrogoth__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ostrogoth
trans_list: Ostrogoth
sense:
Any member of an ancient East Germanic tribe, one branch of the Goths (the Visigoths being the other), which invaded Italy in the sixth century


lexentry: eng/Other__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Other
trans_list: autre | autrui
sense:
(philosophy, psychoanalysis) Radical alterity or otherness conceived or reified as a separate entity; “other people” altogether in their difference from oneself.


lexentry: eng/Ottoman_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ottoman Empire
trans_list: Empire ottoman
sense:
(historical) A large Turkish empire which began as a Turkish sultanate centered in modern Turkey; founded in the late 13th century, it lasted until the end of World War I.


lexentry: eng/Ottoman_Turkish__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ottoman Turkish
trans_list: turc osmanli
sense:
A historical division of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire.


lexentry: eng/Ouija__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ouija
trans_list: Ouija
sense:
(countable) A board, having letters of the alphabet and the words yes and no; used with a planchette during a seance to "communicate" with spirits.


lexentry: eng/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Our Lady of Sorrows
trans_list: Notre-Dame des Douleurs | Notre-Dame des Sept Douleurs
sense:
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Catholicism) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her grief at the Christ's crucifixion.


lexentry: eng/Outer_Mongolia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Outer Mongolia
trans_list: Mongolie extérieure
sense:
Mongolia; a region south of Siberia, west of Manchuria and north of Inner Mongolia (with closely related native Mongolian population), well north of the Great Wall, which never became an integral part of the Chinese empire, and later achieved autonomy and full independence of China, as the republic of Mongolia


lexentry: eng/Oval_Office__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oval Office
trans_list: Bureau ovale
sense:
The official office of the President of the United States, located in the West Wing of the White House.


lexentry: eng/Oxford_shoe__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oxford shoe
trans_list: Richelieu | richelieu
sense:
A type of leather shoe with lacing seamlessly integrated into the vamp, giving it a formal appearance.


lexentry: eng/Oxfordian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Oxfordian
trans_list: Oxfordien
sense:
(geology) The age from 163.5±1.0 Ma to 157.3±1.0 Ma or the stage of rocks (chiefly coral-derived limestones) deposited during it.


lexentry: eng/PADS__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: PADS
trans_list: PADS | syndrome de dépression post-Avatar
sense:
(fandom, neologism) Initialism of post-Avatar depression syndrome (“a feeling of depression brought upon by watching the 2009 epic science fiction film Avatar or its sequels, as a result of not being able to experience the movie's world in real life”). [from 2010]


lexentry: eng/PETase__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: PETase
trans_list: PETase
sense:
(enzyme) Any of a family of enzymes that break down polyethylene terephthalate through hydrolysis into mono-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate.


lexentry: eng/PMO__Noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: PMO
trans_list: CPM
sense:
(government, Canada, Australia, Singapore) Initialism of Prime Minister's Office; The Office of the Prime Minister, composed of the prime minister and his or her top political staff.


lexentry: eng/PMSL__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: PMSL
trans_list: ptdr
sense:
(Commonwealth, UK, Irish, Internet slang, text messaging) Initialism of pissing myself laughing. (used to indicate great amusement)


lexentry: eng/PS__Noun__1
sense_num: 10
written_rep: PS
trans_list: P.S.
sense:
Initialism of post scriptum, postscriptum, postscript. (initialism written at the end of a text as a footnote)


lexentry: eng/PTO__Phrase__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: PTO
trans_list: TSVP
sense:
Initialism of please turn over (written at the end of the text on a page to say that it continues overleaf)


lexentry: eng/PTO__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: PTO
trans_list: Office américain des brevets et marques
sense:
Initialism of patent and trademark office. (United States Patent and Trademark Office), usually abbreviated USPTO.


lexentry: eng/Pacific_Ocean__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pacific Ocean
trans_list: océan Pacifique | Pacifique
sense:
An ocean, the world's largest body of water, to the east of Asia and Australasia and to the west of the Americas.


lexentry: eng/Pacific_herring__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pacific herring
trans_list: hareng
sense:
A species of the herring family native to north Pacific Ocean from Yellow Sea to Baja California; Clupea pallasii.


lexentry: eng/Pacific_saury__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pacific saury
trans_list: balaou
sense:
A species of the saury family native to north Pacific Ocean from Yellow Sea to Gulf of Alaska; Cololabis saira.


lexentry: eng/Pactolus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pactolus
trans_list: Pactole
sense:
A river, formerly an important feature of ancient Lydia and said to contain gold; now rising and emptying in modern Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Paki_shop__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paki shop
trans_list: Arabe
sense:
(UK, Ireland, offensive, _, slang, derogatory) A corner shop run by a Pakistani or any other person of South-West and North-West Asian descent.


lexentry: eng/Palace_of_Westminster__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palace of Westminster
trans_list: palais de Westminster
sense:
An extensive building on the north bank of the River Thames in London, housing the House of Commons and the House of Lords.


lexentry: eng/Palaic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palaic
trans_list: palaïte
sense:
An extinct Indo-European language belonging to Anatolian branch, attested in cuneiform tablets in Bronze Age Hattusa.


lexentry: eng/Palau__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palau
trans_list: Palaos | Belau | Palau
sense:
A country consisting of around 340 islands in Micronesia, in Oceania. Official name: Republic of Palau. Capital: Ngerulmud.


lexentry: eng/Palearctic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palearctic
trans_list: Paléarctique
sense:
(geography, biogeography) One of the major ecozones of the world, covering Europe, the old USSR territories, part of North Africa, and North Asia including the Himalaya foothills.


lexentry: eng/Paleogene__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paleogene
trans_list: paléogène
sense:
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Cenozoic era; comprises the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene epochs from about 65 to 23 million years ago.


lexentry: eng/Palermitan__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palermitan
trans_list: Palermitain | Palermitaine
sense:
A person who was born in, or is a citizen or inhabitant of, Palermo on the island of Sicily in Italy.


lexentry: eng/Palestine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Palestine
trans_list: Palestine
sense:
(historical, technical) A British colonial entity administering approximately the lands mentioned in definition 1.


lexentry: eng/Palestine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Palestine
trans_list: Palestine
sense:
(historical, technical, rare) The British League of Nations Mandate for Palestine, of which this region was a part (the remainder being Transjordan, which covered approximately the lands of the modern Kingdom (originally Emirate) of Jordan).


lexentry: eng/Palestine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 05
written_rep: Palestine
trans_list: Palestine
sense:
(historical) Any of four Ancient Roman and Byzantine provinces in the eastern Mediterranean: Syria Palaestina, Palaestina Prima, Palaestina Secunda and Palaestina Salutaris.


lexentry: eng/Pali__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pali
trans_list: pali
sense:
A Middle Indo-Aryan language of north India, closely related to Sanskrit; the sacred language of the Buddhist scriptures. [from 1690s]


lexentry: eng/Pallas's_leaf_warbler__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pallas's leaf warbler
trans_list: pouillot de Pallas
sense:
Phylloscopus proregulus, a leaf warbler that breeds in mountain forests from southern Siberia east to northern Mongolia and northeast China.


lexentry: eng/Palmyra__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Palmyra
trans_list: Palmyre
sense:
An ancient city, an oasis in the Syrian Desert, in present-day central Syria, recorded historically from around 2000 BCE, subsequently subject to various empires and destroyed in 273 CE and again in 1400, when it was reduced to a village.


lexentry: eng/Pan-American__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pan-American
trans_list: panaméricain
sense:
Covering or representing all of the Americas (both North America and South America), particularly with respect to events involving representatives of most or all countries in the Americas.


lexentry: eng/Pan-Scandinavianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pan-Scandinavianism
trans_list: scandinavisme
sense:
(chiefly, historical) A movement aimed at uniting the Scandinavian peoples into a single country; Scandinavian nationalism.


lexentry: eng/Pan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pan
trans_list: Pan
sense:
(Greek god) Greek god of nature, often visualized as half goat and half man playing pipes. His Roman counterpart is Faunus.


lexentry: eng/Panathenaea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Panathenaea
trans_list: Panathénées
sense:
(Ancient Greece, historical) A festival formerly held annually in Athens to honour the city's patron goddess Athena, involving animal sacrifices, a grand procession, and, every fourth year, athletic and musical contests.


lexentry: eng/Panchen_Lama__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Panchen Lama
trans_list: Panchen-lama
sense:
(Tibetan Buddhism) The second-highest-ranking lama of the Gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism, after the Dalai Lama.


lexentry: eng/Pandora__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pandora
trans_list: Pandore
sense:
(Greek mythology) The first woman on earth, who had been given a box by the gods and instructed not to open it, but who disobeyed the instructions out of curiosity, releasing all manner of evils into the world.


lexentry: eng/Pangaea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pangaea
trans_list: Pangée
sense:
(geology) A supercontinent that included all the landmasses of the earth before the Triassic period and that broke up into Laurasia and Gondwana.


lexentry: eng/Panzerfaust__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Panzerfaust
trans_list: Panzerfaust
sense:
A light, single-shot anti-tank grenade launcher developed in Germany in the latter stages of the Second World War.


lexentry: eng/Pap_smear__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pap smear
trans_list: frottis
sense:
(gynaecology) A screening test meant to detect pre-cancerous and cancerous cells by taking a sample (‘smear’) of cells from the cervix.


lexentry: eng/Pap_test__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pap test
trans_list: test de Papanicolaou
sense:
(gynaecology) A screening test to detect pre-cancerous and cancerous cells by taking a sample ('smear') of cells from the cervix.


lexentry: eng/Papal_States__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Papal States
trans_list: États pontificaux
sense:
(historical) A country in southern Europe that existed until 1870, comprising the territories of Italy over which the pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense.


lexentry: eng/Paphlagonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paphlagonia
trans_list: Paphlagonie
sense:
A historical region in northern Asia Minor, on the shore of the Black Sea, between Bithynia and Pontus


lexentry: eng/Papua_New_Guinea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Papua New Guinea
trans_list: Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée
sense:
A country in Oceania. Official name: Independent State of Papua New Guinea. Capital and largest city: Port Moresby.


lexentry: eng/Papua__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Papua
trans_list: Papouasie
sense:
The southern part of what is now called Papua New Guinea, formerly administered as a separate territory to New Guinea.


lexentry: eng/Paracel_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paracel Islands
trans_list: Paracel
sense:
A group of South China Sea islands administered under Sansha, Hainan, China, as Xisha (claimed by Taiwan (ROC) and Vietnam).


lexentry: eng/Paracelsus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paracelsus
trans_list: Paracelse
sense:
The adopted name of Philippus von Hohenheim, a Swiss thinker of the 16th century known for his pioneering scientific work and his research into the occult and alchemy.


lexentry: eng/Paraclete__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paraclete
trans_list: Paraclet
sense:
(Christianity) The Holy Spirit, the Holy Ghost, especially in its role as comforter of the faithful.


lexentry: eng/Paraguay__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paraguay
trans_list: Paraguay
sense:
A country in South America. Official name: Republic of Paraguay. Capital and largest city: Asunción.


lexentry: eng/Paralympic_Games__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paralympic Games
trans_list: Jeux paralympiques
sense:
An international sports competition participated in by sportspeople with physical disabilities, which is held every four years as a counterpart of the Olympic Games and nowadays at the same venue.


lexentry: eng/Paralympics__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paralympics
trans_list: Paralympiques
sense:
(sports) Synonym of Paralympic Games (“an international sports competition participated in by sportspeople with physical disabilities, which is held every four years as a counterpart of the Olympic Games and nowadays at the same venue”)


lexentry: eng/Pareto_principle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pareto principle
trans_list: principe
sense:
The principle that describes the phenomenon wherein a small percentage of a population accounts for a large proportion of a particular characteristic of that population.


lexentry: eng/Paris_syndrome__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paris syndrome
trans_list: syndrome de Paris
sense:
An alleged transient psychological disorder encountered by some people visiting or vacationing in Paris, France, resulting from shock at their discovery that Paris is not what they had expected it to be.


lexentry: eng/Parkinson's_disease__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Parkinson's disease
trans_list: maladie de Parkinson
sense:
(neurology, disease) A chronic neurological disorder affecting movement, characterized by tremor, slowness of movement (bradykinesia), cogwheel or lead-pipe rigidity, and postural instability.


lexentry: eng/Parmenides__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Parmenides
trans_list: Parménide
sense:
An Ancient Greek philosopher born in Elea, in southern Italy. Founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy.


lexentry: eng/Parramatta__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Parramatta
trans_list: Rivière Parramatta
sense:
The Parramatta River, a river in Sydney, New South Wales, flowing through the suburb and into Sydney Harbour.


lexentry: eng/Parthenon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Parthenon
trans_list: Parthénon
sense:
An ancient temple to Athena and monument in the city of Athens. It is a symbol of Greek achievement in the arts and of Athenian democracy.


lexentry: eng/Parthia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Parthia
trans_list: Parthie
sense:
A former country in Central and Western Asia; the empire ruled by dynasts from Parthia; the Parthian Empire; the Arsacid Empire.


lexentry: eng/Parthian_Empire__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Parthian Empire
trans_list: Empire parthe
sense:
(historical) An ancient empire of Western Asia founded as a kingdom by Arsaces I with his 3rd-century-BCE conquest of Parthia (only recently a satrapy of the Seleucid Empire) and subsequently greatly expanded by Mithridates I.


lexentry: eng/Parti_Quebecois__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Parti Quebecois
trans_list: Parti Québécois
sense:
(Canadian politics) A provincial political party in Quebec, Canada, with the central goal of some form of political independence or sovereignty for Quebec.


lexentry: eng/Pascal's_triangle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pascal's triangle
trans_list: triangle de Pascal
sense:
(mathematics) A geometric representation of the binomial coefficients in a triangle, each entry being the sum of the two entries above.


lexentry: eng/Pascal's_wager__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pascal's wager
trans_list: pari de Pascal
sense:
(religion) An argument for theism (and specifically Christianity, according to the writer) maintaining that belief in the divine ensures happiness in this life and offers the possibility of eternal happiness (should God or divine beings exist), whereas atheism, even if it brings happiness in this life, offers no hope of eternal happiness and carries the risk of eternal damnation.


lexentry: eng/Paschal_Lamb__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Paschal Lamb
trans_list: agneau pascal
sense:
(heraldiccharge) A lamb depicted with nimbus and bearing a flag (usually St. George's cross: argent a cross gules).


lexentry: eng/Paschal_Triduum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Paschal Triduum
trans_list: Triduum pascal
sense:
(Roman Catholicism) A period of three days that begins with the liturgy on the evening of Maundy Thursday.


lexentry: eng/Pashto__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pashto
trans_list: pachto | pashto
sense:
The native Indo-Iranian language of the Pashtun people; an official language of Afghanistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.


lexentry: eng/Pasithea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pasithea
trans_list: Pasithéa | Pasithée
sense:
(Greek god) One of the Charites; she is the goddess and personification of relaxation, meditation and hallucinations. She is the wife of Hypnos and the mother of the Oneiroi.


lexentry: eng/Passau__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Passau
trans_list: Passau
sense:
An independent town in Lower Bavaria, Bavaria, Germany, on the confluence of Inn and Ilz into Danube.


lexentry: eng/Passover__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Passover
trans_list: Pâque | Pessah
sense:
The one-day Biblical feast or festival (not a holy day) that begins at twilight at the beginning of the fourteenth day of the first month (Abib 14 / Nisan 14), during which the first-born sons of the Israelites were passed over while those of the Egyptians were killed; this feast day is then immediately followed by the seven-day Feast of Unleavened Bread (Nisan 15 to 21; the first and seventh days are holy days or annual or yearly Sabbaths).


lexentry: eng/Pastafarianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pastafarianism
trans_list: pastafarisme
sense:
A parody religion centered around the Flying Spaghetti Monster, a creator deity who resembles spaghetti and meatballs.


lexentry: eng/Patagonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Patagonia
trans_list: Patagonie
sense:
A geographical region in southern South America, including the southern parts of Chile and Argentina


lexentry: eng/Patras__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Patras
trans_list: Patrai
sense:
The third most populated Greek city (after Athens and Thessaloniki), the most populated city in the Peloponnese and the capital of Western Greece (administrative region of Greece).


lexentry: eng/Patriot__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Patriot
trans_list: Patriote
sense:
(Canada, historical) Synonym of Patriote (A devolution-of-power supporter in Lower Canada during the Canadian Rebellions of 1837-1838 (Patriots' War).)


lexentry: eng/Patriote__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Patriote
trans_list: Patriote
sense:
(Canada) Patriot (one of the devolution-of-power supporters in Lower Canada during the Canadian Rebellions of 1837-1838 (Patriots' War))


lexentry: eng/Pauli_exclusion_principle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pauli exclusion principle
trans_list: principe d'exclusion de Pauli
sense:
(physics) A principle in quantum mechanics that states that no two identical fermions may occupy the same quantum state simultaneously.


lexentry: eng/Pavlovian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pavlovian
trans_list: pavlovien | pavlovienne
sense:
Of or relating to the theories of the Russian physiologist, psychologist, and physician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, especially those related to behavioral conditioning.


lexentry: eng/Pavo__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pavo
trans_list: Paon
sense:
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a peacock. It lies between the constellations Telescopium and Octans.


lexentry: eng/Pax_Americana__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pax Americana
trans_list: paix américaine | pax americana
sense:
The period of relative peace in the Western world since the end of World War II in 1945, coinciding with the military and economic dominance of the United States.


lexentry: eng/Pegasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pegasus
trans_list: Pégase
sense:
(Greek mythology) A winged horse fabled to have sprung from the blood of Medusa when she was slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof, Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from Mount Helicon. Bellerophon tamed and rode upon Pegasus when he defeated the Chimaera.


lexentry: eng/Pegasus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pegasus
trans_list: Pégase
sense:
(constellation) A constellation of the northern sky, near the vernal equinoctial point, representing the winged horse. Its three brightest stars, with the brightest star of Andromeda, form the asterism of the Great Square of Pegasus.


lexentry: eng/Peking_opera__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Peking opera
trans_list: opéra de Beijing | opéra de Pékin
sense:
(music genre) A form of traditional Chinese theatre which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics.


lexentry: eng/Pelagianism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pelagianism
trans_list: pélagianisme
sense:
(Christianity) A Christian belief that denies the view of original sin and the necessity of grace, asserting that man is capable of achieving salvation by his own efforts.


lexentry: eng/Pelion__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pelion
trans_list: Pélion
sense:
A mountain in Thessaly, northern Greece, forming a peninsula between the Pagasetic Gulf and the Aegean Sea.


lexentry: eng/Peloponnese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Peloponnese
trans_list: Péloponnèse
sense:
A peninsula in Greece, separated from mainland Europe by the Gulf of Corinth and connected to it by the Isthmus of Corinth.


lexentry: eng/Pennsylvania_Dutch__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pennsylvania Dutch
trans_list: allemand pennsylvanien
sense:
(uncountable) Their language, Pennsylvania German, a High German language descended from Palatine German.


lexentry: eng/Pennsylvanian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pennsylvanian
trans_list: pennsylvanien
sense:
(geology) Of any of the three geologic epochs (lower, middle and upper) within the Carboniferous period from 318 to 299 million years ago; marked by a high oxygen atmosphere and the rise of reptiles and winged insects.


lexentry: eng/Pentelic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pentelic
trans_list: pentélique
sense:
Of or relating to Mount Pentelicus (Penteliko Mountain), near Athens, famous for its fine white marble quarries.


lexentry: eng/People's_Liberation_Army__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: People's Liberation Army
trans_list: Armée populaire de libération
sense:
(military) People's Liberation Army Ground Force, the army branch of the military arm of the People's Republic of China.


lexentry: eng/Periclean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Periclean
trans_list: péricléen
sense:
Of or relating to Pericles, an Ancient Greek politician, or to the golden age of art and literature in Athens.


lexentry: eng/Perioikoi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Perioikoi
trans_list: périèques
sense:
The ancient inhabitants of Laconia who were free residents of the mountains and the beaches of Laconia.


lexentry: eng/Peronism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Peronism
trans_list: péronisme
sense:
(politics) The eclectic political ideology attributed to the former Argentine leaders Juan Perón and Eva Duarte de Perón, combining populism, nationalism and state intervention, but originally chiefly centred on their personalities.


lexentry: eng/Perpignan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Perpignan
trans_list: Perpignan
sense:
A city, the capital of the Pyrénées-Orientales department, Occitanie, France, formerly in Languedoc-Roussillon.


lexentry: eng/Perseid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Perseid
trans_list: Perséides
sense:
(astronomy) Any of the meteors in a meteor shower that appears to come from the constellation Perseus.


lexentry: eng/Persephone__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Persephone
trans_list: Perséphone
sense:
(Greek god) A minor deity, the queen of the Underworld/Hades, and goddess of the seasons and vegetation. Originally named Kore/Core, she is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter; and the wife of Hades. Her Roman counterpart is Proserpina.


lexentry: eng/Perseus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Perseus
trans_list: Persée
sense:
(Greek mythology) The mythological Greek warrior who slew the Gorgon Medusa by decapitating her. He married Andromeda after rescuing her from Ceto and founded Mycenae. He was the son of Zeus and Danae.


lexentry: eng/Perseus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Perseus
trans_list: Persée
sense:
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the mythical hero. It includes the stars Algenib, Algol, and Mirfak.


lexentry: eng/Persia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Persia
trans_list: Perse
sense:
Persia proper (Persis), the land of the ancient Persians, corresponding to modern-day Fars province in southwestern Iran.


lexentry: eng/Persian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Persian
trans_list: persan
sense:
(uncountable) The Persian language, or a family of languages spoken primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.


lexentry: eng/Peter_Pan_syndrome__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Peter Pan syndrome
trans_list: syndrome de Peter Pan
sense:
(idiomatic) The supposed psychological phenomenon of immaturity among some men, who, like the fictional character, remain childish or childlike and fail to assume appropriate adult social roles and responsibilities.


lexentry: eng/Peter__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Peter
trans_list: Pierre | P
sense:
(biblical) The epistles of Peter in the New Testament of the Bible, 1 Peter and 2 Peter attributed to St. Peter.


lexentry: eng/Peter_principle__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Peter principle
trans_list: principe de Peter
sense:
(management) The theory that people in an organization tend to rise (be promoted) to the level of their incompetence.


lexentry: eng/Petrarchan_sonnet__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Petrarchan sonnet
trans_list: sonnet italien | sonnet pétrarquien | sonnet pétrarquiste
sense:
(poetry) A sonnet comprising an octave and a closing sestet, following the rhyme scheme of either abba abba cde cde or abba abba cd cd cd or abba abba cce dde or abba abba cdd cee.


lexentry: eng/Petrograd__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Petrograd
trans_list: Pétrograd
sense:
A region of Saint Petersburg city, Saint Petersburg, Northwest Russia district, European Russia, Russia.


lexentry: eng/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
trans_list: Petropavlovsk-Kamtchatski
sense:
A city in the far East of Russia, administrative centre of Kamchatka kray, also called Petropavlovsk


lexentry: eng/Pharisee__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pharisee
trans_list: pharisien
sense:
(historical) A member of an ancient Jewish political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple Era (536 B.C.E.–70 C.E.). The movement was ultimately the basis for most contemporary forms of Judaism.


lexentry: eng/Phaëthon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phaëthon
trans_list: Phaéthon | Phaéton
sense:
(Greek mythology) the son of the sun god Helios who was killed by Zeus while trying to drive his father's chariot across the sky


lexentry: eng/Pherecratean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pherecratean
trans_list: phérécratien
sense:
(Ancient Greek and Latin, _, prosody, of a logaoedic metre or verse) Consisting of three prosodic feet, normally a spondee, dactyl, and spondee (or trochee), but admitting of some variations.


lexentry: eng/Pherecrates__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pherecrates
trans_list: Phérécrate | Phérékratès
sense:
A celebrated Athenian poet of the Old Comedy, living in the fifth century BCE (born after Crates and Cratinus but before Aristophanes, Eupolis, and Plato Comicus – so between c. 519 and c. 446 BCE), victorious at least thrice at the City Dionysia and the Lenaia in the 440s–430s, and inventor of the Pherecratean metre.


lexentry: eng/Philemon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Philemon
trans_list: Philémon | Épître à Philémon
sense:
The eighteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to a fellow Christian called Philemon.


lexentry: eng/Philippians__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Philippians
trans_list: Philippiens
sense:
(biblical) The eleventh book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of St Paul to the Philippians.


lexentry: eng/Philippine_eagle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Philippine eagle
trans_list: aigle des singes
sense:
Pithecophaga jefferyi, a species of eagle endemic to forests in the Philippines that has brown and white-coloured plumage, and a shaggy crest.


lexentry: eng/Philistine__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Philistine
trans_list: Philistin | Philistine
sense:
(historical) A non-Semitic person from ancient Philistia, a region in the southwest Levant in the Middle East.


lexentry: eng/Phillips_screwdriver__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phillips screwdriver
trans_list: tournevis cruciforme
sense:
A screwdriver having a cross-shaped tip rather than the rectangular tip of a standard flathead screwdriver.


lexentry: eng/Phoenicia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phoenicia
trans_list: Phénicie
sense:
The land of city states of the Phoenicians which around 1000 BC was situated on the coast of present day Syria and Lebanon, and included the cities of Tyre and Sidon.


lexentry: eng/Phoenix__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Phoenix
trans_list: Phénix
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the mythical bird. It lies north of Tucana.


lexentry: eng/Phoney_War__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phoney War
trans_list: drôle de guerre
sense:
(historical) During World War Two, the period of limited military activity from the outbreak of hostilities on September 3rd, 1939 until Germany's attack on the Low Countries on May 10th, 1940.


lexentry: eng/Phosphorus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Phosphorus
trans_list: Vénus
sense:
An Ancient Greek name for the morning star (the planet Venus when it is visible in the eastern sky before sunrise).


lexentry: eng/Phrixus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phrixus
trans_list: Phryxus
sense:
(Greek mythology) Son of Athamas and brother of Helle, with whom he fled to Colchis on a golden winged ram.


lexentry: eng/Phrygia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phrygia
trans_list: Phrygie
sense:
(historical) Ancient kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey.


lexentry: eng/Phrygian_cap__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Phrygian cap
trans_list: bonnet phrygien
sense:
(Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome) A soft, close-fitting conical cap with the top bent forward, represented in Greek and Roman art as worn by ancient Phrygians, and later associated with the Roman liberty cap.


lexentry: eng/Piagetian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Piagetian
trans_list: piagétien
sense:
Of or relating to Jean Piaget (1896–1980), Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher known for his cognitive studies with children.


lexentry: eng/Piarist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Piarist
trans_list: piariste
sense:
A member of the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools, a Catholic educational order founded in the sixteenth century.


lexentry: eng/Picard__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Picard
trans_list: Picard
sense:
(historical) A member of an Adamite sect of the sixteenth century and earlier, in the Flemish Netherlands and in Bohemia.


lexentry: eng/Picardy__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Picardy
trans_list: Picardie
sense:
A former administrative region and historical province of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Hauts-de-France.


lexentry: eng/Pictor__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pictor
trans_list: Peintre
sense:
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an easel. It lies between the constellations Carina and Dorado.


lexentry: eng/Pied_Piper__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pied Piper
trans_list: Joueur de flûte de Hamelin
sense:
A folk tale or legend, dating back to the Middle Ages, about a rat-catcher in variegated attire, hired by the German town of Hamelin, who is not paid for his services and retaliates by luring away the local children by playing a flute.


lexentry: eng/Pierrot__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pierrot
trans_list: Pierrot
sense:
A character from French pantomime; a buffoon in a loose white outfit; a popular choice for a masquerade costume.


lexentry: eng/Pijin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pijin
trans_list: Pijin
sense:
In full Solomon Islands Pijin, Solomon Pijin, or Solomons Pijin: a language spoken on the Solomon Islands, which is a form of Melanesian Pidgin.


lexentry: eng/Pikachu__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pikachu
trans_list: Pikachu
sense:
(video games, anime, manga) A small yellow rodent-like Pokémon species that has red cheeks and a tail shaped like a lightning bolt, and has electricity-related powers.


lexentry: eng/Pilate__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pilate
trans_list: Pilate
sense:
(biblical character) Pontius Pilate, the man who, according to the Bible, ordered the crucifixion of Jesus.


lexentry: eng/Pillars_of_Hercules__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pillars of Hercules
trans_list: Colonnes d'Hercule
sense:
(historical) The two promontories at the Strait of Gibraltar, and thus the western limit of the Mediterranean world.


lexentry: eng/Piltdown_Man__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Piltdown Man
trans_list: homme de Piltdown
sense:
(taxonomy) A supposed early human theorized from bone fragments said to have been found in a gravel pit in Piltdown, England, in 1912, but later identified as a forgery.


lexentry: eng/Pinocchio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pinocchio
trans_list: Pinocchio
sense:
The fictional boy made from wood whose nose gets longer with each lie he tells, protagonist of the story The Adventures of Pinocchio (1881–1883) by Carlo Collodi.


lexentry: eng/Pinochet__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pinochet
trans_list: Pinochet
sense:
A surname from French; especially when referring to Augusto Pinochet, Chilean general and military dictator.


lexentry: eng/Pinyin__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pinyin
trans_list: pinyin
sense:
A system of romanization for Standard Mandarin, used in the People’s Republic of China, and more recently in other Mandarin Chinese-speaking areas as well. [from 20th c.]


lexentry: eng/Pippi_Longstocking__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pippi Longstocking
trans_list: Fifi Brindacier
sense:
A person, especially a girl or woman, with long or flamboyant red hair, especially in pigtails or parted down the middle, and prominent freckles.


lexentry: eng/Piraeus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Piraeus
trans_list: Le Pirée
sense:
A municipality and port in Greece, part of Athens agglomeration, the chief port of Athens, located on the Saronic Gulf.


lexentry: eng/Pirahã__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pirahã
trans_list: pirahã
sense:
The language of this people, having no extant relatives, with few phonemes, and controversially claimed to have no true numbers, no way of talking about history, and no recursive embedding.


lexentry: eng/Pirandellian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pirandellian
trans_list: pirandellien
sense:
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the works of Luigi Pirandello (1867–1936), Italian dramatist and poet; especially describing drama in which actors become inseparable and indistinct from the characters that they play.


lexentry: eng/Pisces__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pisces
trans_list: Poissons
sense:
(zodiac constellations) The Fish, a Greco-Roman constellation of the zodiac named for its presumed resemblance to a pair of fish


lexentry: eng/Pisces__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pisces
trans_list: Poissons
sense:
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the fish, supposed to be ruled by Neptune and to influence events occurring between February 20 and March 20 (tropical) or, less often, between March 15 and April 14 (sidereal).


lexentry: eng/Piscis_Austrinus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Piscis Austrinus
trans_list: Poisson austral
sense:
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a fish. It contains the star Fomalhaut.


lexentry: eng/Plains_of_Abraham__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Plains of Abraham
trans_list: Plaines d'Abraham
sense:
A plain in Quebec city, Quebec, Canada; a riverside plain atop the escarpment at the edge of the Saint-Lawrence River


lexentry: eng/Plains_of_Abraham__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Plains of Abraham
trans_list: Bataille des [[Plaines d'Abraham]]
sense:
Ellipsis of Battle of the Plains of Abraham., an 1759 battle that resulted in the change in sovereignty of the colonial province of Canada, New France, from the French Crown to the British Crown; becoming the colonial province of Quebec, British North America (later the British colonial province of Canada, thence Dominion of Canada)


lexentry: eng/Planalto_slaty_antshrike__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Planalto slaty antshrike
trans_list: batara du Plano Alto
sense:
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus pelzelni (syn. Thamnophilus punctatus pelzelni)


lexentry: eng/Planck's_constant__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Planck's constant
trans_list: constante de Planck
sense:
(quantum mechanics) the constant of proportionality (symbol ℎ), relating the energy and frequency of a photon (6.626×10−34 joule-second); also related to the indeterminacy limit in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle; the quantum of action


lexentry: eng/Planet_X__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Planet X
trans_list: planète X
sense:
(astronomy) A hypothetical planet in the Solar system, beyond the currently known outermost planet. (The term was applied to Eris for a short while, when Pluto was still considered the ninth planet.)


lexentry: eng/Plastic_Paddy__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Plastic Paddy
trans_list: faux Irlandais
sense:
(pejorative, ethnic slur) An Irish person considered to be inauthentically Irish, especially (UK) recent Irish arrivals to London.


lexentry: eng/Platonic_solid__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Platonic solid
trans_list: solide de Platon
sense:
(geometry) Any of five convex polyhedra with congruent regular polygonal faces, which have a high degree of symmetry and have been studied since antiquity.


lexentry: eng/Pleiades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pleiades
trans_list: Pléiades
sense:
(Greek god) The "seven sisters", companions of Artemis and daughters of the Titan Atlas and the sea-nymph Pleione.


lexentry: eng/Pleiades__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pleiades
trans_list: Pléiades
sense:
(astronomy) An open cluster of hot blue stars in the constellation Taurus, and the most easily visible such cluster from Earth.


lexentry: eng/Plutarch__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Plutarch
trans_list: Plutarque
sense:
The classical historian and essayist Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (46-120 C.E.). Often used as a byword for a biographer, to suggest that the writer is especially skilled or has other attributes associated with Plutarch.


lexentry: eng/Pluto__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pluto
trans_list: Pluton
sense:
(astronomy) The largest dwarf planet and formerly the ninth planet, represented by the symbol ♇ or ⯓, both now used mostly in astrology. [from 1930]


lexentry: eng/Plutonian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Plutonian
trans_list: plutonien | plutonique
sense:
(by extension, geology, historical) Synonym of plutonic (“of, pertaining to, or supporting plutonism, the theory that the rocks of the Earth were formed in fire by volcanic activity, with a continuing gradual process of weathering and erosion, then deposited on the sea bed, re-formed into layers of sedimentary rock by heat and pressure, and raised again”)


lexentry: eng/Plutonic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Plutonic
trans_list: profond
sense:
(by extension, geology, mineralogy) Of or pertaining to rocks formed deep in the Earth's crust, rather than by volcanoes at the surface of the Earth.


lexentry: eng/Pluviôse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pluviôse
trans_list: pluviôse
sense:
(historical) The fifth month of the French Republican Calendar, from January 20, 21 or 22 to February 18, 19 or 20.


lexentry: eng/Pnyx__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pnyx
trans_list: Pnyx
sense:
(Ancient Greece, historical) A hill in Athens west of the Acropolis with a stone platform and steps set into its side, which was used as the meeting place of the democratic assembly in Ancient Greece.


lexentry: eng/Poisson's_ratio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Poisson's ratio
trans_list: coefficient de Poisson
sense:
Of a material in tension or compression, the ratio of the strain in the direction of the applied load to the strain normal to the load. Abbreviated ν.


lexentry: eng/Poitou-Charentes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Poitou-Charentes
trans_list: Poitou-Charentes
sense:
A former administrative region of France; since 2016 part of the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Capital: Poitiers.


lexentry: eng/Poitou__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Poitou
trans_list: Poitou
sense:
A historical region in France, now included in Nouvelle-Aquitaine and formerly in Poitou-Charentes. Seat: Poitiers.


lexentry: eng/Polari__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polari
trans_list: polari
sense:
A cant used in the London fishmarkets, in the British theatre, and by the gay community in Britain, attested since at least the 19th century and popularised in the 1950s and 1960s by the camp characters Julian and Sandy in the popular BBC radio show Round the Horne.


lexentry: eng/Polaris__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polaris
trans_list: Étoile polaire
sense:
(star) α Ursae Minoris, a trinary star in the constellation Ursa Minor located near the north celestial pole for the last 1500 years.


lexentry: eng/Polish_People's_Republic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polish People's Republic
trans_list: République populaire de Pologne
sense:
(historical) A Marxist-Leninist country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989, the predecessor of the current Republic of Poland.


lexentry: eng/Polish_notation__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polish notation
trans_list: notation polonaise
sense:
(arithmetic, logic) A notation for arithmetic (and logical) formulae in which operations (respectively, quantifiers and operands) are written immediately before their operands, used to avoid the need for parentheses; for example, 3 * (4 + 7) is written as * 3 + 4 7 and A AND B is written as AND A B.


lexentry: eng/Polish_plait__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polish plait
trans_list: plique polonaise
sense:
(now, possibly, offensive) A medical condition resulting from deficient hair care in which the uncombed hair becomes irreversibly entangled, forming a matted mass, which can become malodorous and encrusted or sticky.


lexentry: eng/Polish_studies__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polish studies
trans_list: polonistique
sense:
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the Polish language, Polish linguistics, and Polish sociolinguistics.


lexentry: eng/Polonize__Verb__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polonize
trans_list: poloniser
sense:
(transitive) To make Polish as to custom, culture, language, or style; to adapt to the norms of the Republic of Poland.


lexentry: eng/Polynesia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Polynesia
trans_list: Polynésie
sense:
A region of Oceania, including Easter Island, Hawaii, New Zealand, and most of the islands between them.


lexentry: eng/Pomerania__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pomerania
trans_list: Poméranie
sense:
A former duchy, historical province of Prussia, and now a region split between Germany and Poland on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea.


lexentry: eng/Ponzi_scheme__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ponzi scheme
trans_list: pyramide de Ponzi | système de Ponzi
sense:
A fraudulent scheme where earlier investors are paid with the money taken from new investors, giving the impression that the scheme is a viable investment.


lexentry: eng/Popemobile__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Popemobile
trans_list: papamobile
sense:
(informal) Any of various vehicles with bulletproof glass sides used to transport the Pope through crowds safely while allowing an open view.


lexentry: eng/Portoferraio__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Portoferraio
trans_list: Portoferraio
sense:
A city and comune in the province of Livorno, Tuscany, Italy, in the north of Elba, featuring a prominent harbour.


lexentry: eng/Portugal__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Portugal
trans_list: Portugal
sense:
A country in Southern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula. Official name: Portuguese Republic. Capital and largest city: Lisbon.


lexentry: eng/Portuguese__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Portuguese
trans_list: portugais | Portugais
sense:
A Romance language originating in Portugal, and now the official language of Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guiné Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Cape Verde, East Timor, and Brazil.


lexentry: eng/Portuguese_man-of-war__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Portuguese man-of-war
trans_list: galère portugaise | physalie | vessie de mer
sense:
Physalia physalis, a marine cnidarian consisting of a floating colony of hydrozoans attached to a float, superficially resembling a jellyfish.


lexentry: eng/Portuguese_oak__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Portuguese oak
trans_list: chêne portugais | chêne du Portugal
sense:
A species of oak, Quercus faginea, native to the western Mediterranean region of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands.


lexentry: eng/Poseidon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Poseidon
trans_list: Poséidon
sense:
(Greek god) The god of the sea and other waters, earthquakes and horses; corresponds to the Roman god Neptune.


lexentry: eng/Praetorian__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Praetorian
trans_list: prétorien
sense:
(historical, Ancient Rome) A member of a special bodyguard force used by Roman emperors, their symbol being the scorpion.


lexentry: eng/Prague__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Prague
trans_list: Prague | pragois | praguois
sense:
The capital city of the Czech Republic; former capital of Czechoslovakia; former capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia.


lexentry: eng/Prakrit__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Prakrit
trans_list: prakrit
sense:
Any one of several Middle Indo-Aryan languages, all derived from dialects of Old Indo-Aryan languages. [from 1766]


lexentry: eng/Precambrian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Precambrian
trans_list: précambrien
sense:
(geology) The Precambrian supereon; spanning from the formation of the Earth around 4.6 billion years ago to the emergence of hard-shelled creatures 541 million years ago.


lexentry: eng/Priapus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Priapus
trans_list: Priape
sense:
(Greek god) The son of Aphrodite and Dionysus, god of procreation, and guardian of gardens and vineyards; personification of the phallus.


lexentry: eng/Pride_Month__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pride Month
trans_list: mois de la fierté | mois des fiertés | pride
sense:
(US) The month of June, declared for LGBT pride in commemoration of the Stonewall riots of June 1969.


lexentry: eng/Primat__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Primat
trans_list: primate
sense:
A very large champagne bottle with the capacity of about 27 liters, equivalent to 36 standard bottles.


lexentry: eng/Prince_Charming__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Prince Charming
trans_list: prince charmant
sense:
(by extension) A heterosexual woman's prototypical ideal romantic partner, especially but not necessarily if he embodies common characteristics of the fictional princes, such as being courageous or chivalrous.


lexentry: eng/Procopius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Procopius
trans_list: Procope
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Saint Procopius, an early Christian martyr of the 3rd century C.E.


lexentry: eng/Procopius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Procopius
trans_list: Procope
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Procopius, a Roman imperial usurper of the 4th century C.E.


lexentry: eng/Procopius__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Procopius
trans_list: Procope
sense:
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Procopius of Caesarea, a Byzantine Greek historian of the 6th century C.E.


lexentry: eng/Procrustes__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Procrustes
trans_list: Procruste | Procuste
sense:
(Greek mythology) A celebrated legendary highwayman of Attica, who tied his victims upon an iron bed, and, as the case required, either stretched or cut off their legs to adapt them to its length.


lexentry: eng/Procyon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Procyon
trans_list: Procyon
sense:
(star) A star in the constellation Canis Minor; Alpha (α) Canis Minoris. The eighth brightest star in the night sky.


lexentry: eng/Produnova__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Produnova
trans_list: Produnova | saut Produnova
sense:
(gymnastics) a vault on the vaulting horse or vaulting table that starts with a front handspring off the gymnastics horse leading to two-and-a-half somersaults in the air, and then landing on their feet. (a three-point landing with the butt and feet is considered a fall)


lexentry: eng/Progressive_Conservative_Party__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Progressive Conservative Party
trans_list: Parti progressiste-conservateur
sense:
(Canada, politics) a political party in Canada with a right of centre ideology, which succeed the old Conservative Party of Canada, Liberal-Conservative Party of Canada, Blue Party and absorbed the Progressive Party of Canada. It was itself succeeded by the new Conservative Party of Canada.


lexentry: eng/Prohibition__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Prohibition
trans_list: Prohibition
sense:
(history) Any of several periods during which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages were restricted or illegal.


lexentry: eng/Promethean__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Promethean
trans_list: prométhéen
sense:
Of or pertaining to Prometheus, a demigod in Greek mythology who created mortals from clay and stole fire from Zeus to give to them, for which Zeus punished him by chaining him to a rock and having an eagle feed on his liver which grew back each night; he was later rescued by Heracles.


lexentry: eng/Prometheus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Prometheus
trans_list: Prométhée
sense:
(Greek god) The Titan chiefly honored for stealing fire from Zeus in the stalk of a fennel plant and giving it to mortals for their use. The god of fire and craft.


lexentry: eng/Promised_Land__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Promised Land
trans_list: terre promise
sense:
(idiomatic, sometimes, lower case) Any place to which one eagerly seeks to go and which one expects to greatly improve one's situation.


lexentry: eng/Promised_Land__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Promised Land
trans_list: Terre Promise | Terre promise
sense:
(Judaism, Christianity) The area historically known as Judea, which was promised to the Israelites by God according to oral tradition recorded in the Book of Genesis.


lexentry: eng/Proterozoic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proterozoic
trans_list: protérozoïque
sense:
(geology) The eon from 2,500 Ma to 541.0±1.0 Ma, the beginning of the Phanerozoic, marked by the build up of oxygen in the atmosphere and the emergence of primitive multicellular life.


lexentry: eng/Protestant__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Protestant
trans_list: protestant
sense:
(Christianity) Of or pertaining to several denominations of Christianity that separated from the Roman Catholic Church based on theological or political differences during the Reformation.


lexentry: eng/Protestant__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Protestant
trans_list: protestant | protestante
sense:
(Christianity) A member of any of several Christian denominations which separated from the Roman Catholic Church based on theological or political differences during the Reformation (or in some cases later).


lexentry: eng/Proto-Altaic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Altaic
trans_list: proto-altaïque
sense:
The hypothetical prehistoric ancestor of all Altaic languages, the existence of which is now often rejected.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Greek__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Greek
trans_list: proto-grec | proto-hellénique
sense:
The earliest form of the Greek language, the common ancestor of the Greek dialects, including Mycenaean and the classical Greek dialects; the language was already spoken by the ancestors of the Greeks in the Balkans (i.e. Greece) during the Neolithic period or the Bronze Age.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Indo-European__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Indo-European
trans_list: indoeuropéen | indo-européen commun
sense:
(linguistics, anthropology) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Indo-European__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Indo-European
trans_list: indo-européen commun | indoeuropéen
sense:
(linguistics, uncountable) The reconstructed ancestor language or protolanguage of the Indo-European family of languages, which includes most European, Iranian, and Indian languages.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Indo-Iranian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Indo-Iranian
trans_list: proto-indo-iranien
sense:
(linguistics, uncountable) The hypothetical ancestor language or protolanguage of Indo-Aryan languages, the Iranian languages, the Dardic languages and the Nuristani languages.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Japonic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Japonic
trans_list: proto-japonique
sense:
(linguistics) The hypothetical ancestral language of both modern Japanese and the Ryukyuan languages.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Koreanic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Koreanic
trans_list: proto-coréanique | proto-coréen
sense:
(linguistics) A hypothetical proto-language from which Korean, Jeju, Baekje, and all the other Koreanic languages and varieties later emerged.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Norse__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Norse
trans_list: proto-norrois
sense:
An Indo-European language spoken in Scandinavia and ancestral to Old Norse that evolved from Proto-Germanic over the first centuries AD.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Slavic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Slavic
trans_list: proto-slave
sense:
(linguistics) A hypothetical, reconstructed language whence all the Slavic languages later descended.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Turkic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Turkic
trans_list: proto-turc | proto-turcique
sense:
A hypothetical proto-language from which Old Turkic and all the other Turkic languages later emerged.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Uralic__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Uralic
trans_list: proto-ouralien
sense:
The ancestor language of the Uralic language family, usually written with the UPA-transcription system.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Yeniseian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Yeniseian
trans_list: Proto-ienisseïenne | proto-ienisseïen
sense:
(linguistics, anthropology) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Yeniseian language, or the people who spoke it.


lexentry: eng/Proto-Yeniseian__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proto-Yeniseian
trans_list: proto-ienisseïen
sense:
(linguistics, uncountable) The hypothetical ancestor language or protolanguage of Yeniseian languages spoken in central Siberia.


lexentry: eng/Provence__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Provence
trans_list: Provence
sense:
A maritime region of southeastern France bordering Italy, now included in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.


lexentry: eng/Proxima_Centauri__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Proxima Centauri
trans_list: Alpha Centauri C | Proxima Centauri | Proxima du Centaure
sense:
(star) A red dwarf star, part of the Alpha Centauri system and the nearest star to Earth's solar system.


lexentry: eng/Prussia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Prussia
trans_list: Prusse
sense:
(historical) A German province which was originally located in this area but later greatly expanded, and which was the predecessor to and a member of the German Empire; abolished as an administrative unit at the end of the Second World War.


lexentry: eng/Prussia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 04
written_rep: Prussia
trans_list: Prusse
sense:
(countable) A country known for exceptional military professionalism in her region. Historically used for Bulgaria as the "Prussia of the Balkans".


lexentry: eng/Prussian_blue__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Prussian blue
trans_list: bleu de Prusse
sense:
(inorganic compound) An insoluble dark, bright blue pigment, ferric ferrocyanide (equivalent to ferrous ferricyanide), used in painting and dyeing, and as an antidote for certain kinds of heavy metal poisoning.


lexentry: eng/Psyche__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Psyche
trans_list: Psyché
sense:
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) The personification of the soul. Originally a mortal princess who later married Eros/Cupid, (the god of love), was deified, and bore him a daughter, Hedone/Voluptas.


lexentry: eng/Ptah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ptah
trans_list: Ptah
sense:
(Egyptian god) A god of creativity and craftsmen, sometimes also identified with the gods of death and the birth of the sun.


lexentry: eng/Ptolemaic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ptolemaic
trans_list: ptolémaïque
sense:
(historical) Of or pertaining to the Ptolemy dynasty of pharaohs, the Ptolemies, rulers of Hellenistic Egypt.


lexentry: eng/Punjab__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Punjab
trans_list: Pendjab | Penjab
sense:
A geographical region of South Asia, divided (by the Radcliffe Line) between India and Pakistan. Pakistani Punjab includes the (West) Punjab Province and parts of the Islamabad Capital Territory; Indian Punjab includes (East) Punjab State and some other territories.


lexentry: eng/Punjabi__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Punjabi
trans_list: pendjabi
sense:
Of, pertaining to, descended from the people or culture of the Punjab, or written in the Punjabi language.


lexentry: eng/Punjabi__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Punjabi
trans_list: pendjabi | panjâbî
sense:
(uncountable) The main language spoken in the Punjab region, in eastern Pakistan and Northern India.


lexentry: eng/Puppis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Puppis
trans_list: Poupe
sense:
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the stern of a ship. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.


lexentry: eng/Purgatory__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Purgatory
trans_list: purgatoire
sense:
(Christianity) An intermediate state after death in which some of those ultimately destined for Heaven must first undergo purification.


lexentry: eng/Purim__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Purim
trans_list: Pourim
sense:
(Judaism) A Jewish festival, celebrated on the 14th day of Adar, commemorating the deliverance of the Persian Jews from a complete massacre at the hand of Haman the Amalekite.


lexentry: eng/Pushkinian__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pushkinian
trans_list: pouchkinien
sense:
Of or relating to Alexander Pushkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин, 1799–1837), Russian author of the Romantic era.


lexentry: eng/Puss_in_Boots__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Puss in Boots
trans_list: chat botté
sense:
A 17th-century French literary fairy tale about a cat who uses trickery and deceit to gain power, wealth, and the hand of a princess in marriage for his penniless and low-born master.


lexentry: eng/Putinesque__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Putinesque
trans_list: poutinesque
sense:
Reminiscent of the beliefs or policies of Vladimir Putin (born 1952), President of Russia since 2012.


lexentry: eng/Putinism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Putinism
trans_list: poutinisme
sense:
(politics) The political policies of Vladimir Putin; the Russian political system during Putin’s tenure in power.


lexentry: eng/Putonghua__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Putonghua
trans_list: putonghua
sense:
Standard Mandarin, the official language of the People's Republic of China; the state-designated national speech of the Han nationality using Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, Beijing speech as the basic dialect, and the model writing of the modern vernacular prose as the norm for grammar.


lexentry: eng/Pyrenean_chamois__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyrenean chamois
trans_list: isard
sense:
Rupicapra pyrenaica, a goat-antelope that lives in the Pyrenees and the Apennine Mountains of central Italy.


lexentry: eng/Pyrenees__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyrenees
trans_list: Pyrénées
sense:
The mountain range separating Spain from France, inhabited by Basques in the west, Occitans in the centre-north, Aragonese in the centre-south, and Catalans in the east.


lexentry: eng/Pyrrhic__Adjective__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Pyrrhic
trans_list: à la Pyrrhus
sense:
Achieved at too great a cost or detriment to have been worthwhile (as a victory, accomplishment, etc).


lexentry: eng/Pyrrhic_victory__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyrrhic victory
trans_list: victoire à la Pyrrhus
sense:
A very costly victory, wherein the considerable losses outweigh the gain, so as to render the struggle not worth the cost.


lexentry: eng/Pyrrhus__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyrrhus
trans_list: Pyrrhus
sense:
Ancient Greek given name, particularly worn by the king of Epirus (319-272 BC) who defeated Romans in several battles, but sustained heavy losses, from which the term Pyrrhic victory was coined.


lexentry: eng/Pythagorean_theorem__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pythagorean theorem
trans_list: théorème de Pythagore
sense:
(geometry) A mathematical theorem which states that the square of the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of those of the two other sides.


lexentry: eng/Python__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Python
trans_list: Python
sense:
(computing) An interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language invented by Guido van Rossum.


lexentry: eng/Pyxis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Pyxis
trans_list: Boussole
sense:
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the compass of a ship. It is associated with the larger Argo Navis, although it was never officially part of that constellation.


lexentry: eng/QAnon__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: QAnon
trans_list: QAnon
sense:
(US politics) An anonymous poster on the Internet message boards 4chan, 8chan and 8kun, claiming to possess Q clearance, who originated a pro-Trump conspiracy theory claiming that Donald Trump is working against a cabal of Satanic, cannibalistic pedophiles comprised of his political opponents.


lexentry: eng/QPP__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: QPP
trans_list: SQ
sense:
(law enforcement, Canada, uncountable) Initialism of Quebec Provincial Police (Sûreté du Québec); the police force of the Canadian province of Quebec..


lexentry: eng/Q_fever__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Q fever
trans_list: fièvre Q
sense:
An infectious disease, resembling influenza, caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii (previously classified as Rickettsia burnetii).


lexentry: eng/Qadarite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Qadarite
trans_list: cadarien
sense:
A member of the Qadariyya, an early Islamic movement which held that man was endowed by God with free will.


lexentry: eng/Quaker__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quaker
trans_list: quaker
sense:
A believer of the Quaker faith and a member of the Society of Friends, known for their pacifist views.


lexentry: eng/Quakerism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quakerism
trans_list: quakerisme
sense:
The belief system of the members of the Religious Society of Friends, an ostensibly Christian religious denomination that began in England in the 17th century.


lexentry: eng/Quaternary__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quaternary
trans_list: quaternaire
sense:
(geology) The geological period of the Cenozoic Era immediately following the Tertiary. It is subdivided into the Pleistocene and the Holocene Epochs.


lexentry: eng/Quebecism__Noun__1
sense_num: 03
written_rep: Quebecism
trans_list: québécisme
sense:
(countable) A word or phrase of Quebec; one originating there, or only used there, or having special meaning there.


lexentry: eng/Queen_of_Heaven__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Queen of Heaven
trans_list: Reine du Ciel
sense:
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Catholicism) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her role as queen of Heaven.


lexentry: eng/Queensland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Queensland
trans_list: Queensland
sense:
One of the six states of Australia. Capital: Brisbane. It occupies the north-eastern part of the continent.


lexentry: eng/Quetzalcoatl__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quetzalcoatl
trans_list: Quetzalcóatl
sense:
The Aztec name for the Feathered-Serpent deity of ancient Mesoamerica, one of the main gods of many Mexican and northern Central American civilizations.


lexentry: eng/Quidditch__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quidditch
trans_list: quidditch
sense:
A fictional ball game played between two teams of seven players riding flying broomsticks, using four balls and six elevated ring-shaped goals.


lexentry: eng/Quinquagesima__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quinquagesima
trans_list: Quinquagésime
sense:
(Christianity) A moveable feast in the Christian calendar on the Sunday 49 days before Easter Sunday (50 days counting inclusively).


lexentry: eng/Quranism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Quranism
trans_list: coranisme
sense:
A denomination in Islam that generally rejects the authoritative role of hadiths, and considers the Qur'an to be the only dependable religious text.


lexentry: eng/R&D__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: R&D
trans_list: R&D
sense:
(business) Initialism of Research and Development (a department within a company (or governmental division) dedicated to that task, or the fiscal category that represents it in fiscal reporting.)


lexentry: eng/RCM__Noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: RCM
trans_list: MRC
sense:
Initialism of regional county municipality (a county administered as a municipality; a regional municipality, a county-level municipality).


lexentry: eng/REM_sleep__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: REM sleep
trans_list: sommeil paradoxal
sense:
The stage of sleep during which most brain activity and dreams occur, characterised by rapid eye movement (REM).


lexentry: eng/RGB__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: RGB
trans_list: RVB
sense:
Initialism of red, green, blue; a color model in which colors are represented by adding varying amounts of red, green, and blue light.


lexentry: eng/RIP__Interjection__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: RIP
trans_list: REP
sense:
Initialism of requiescat in pace, requiescant in pace, and rest in peace (a blessing or expression of hope that a deceased person is at peace).


lexentry: eng/Rabbinic_Judaism__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rabbinic Judaism
trans_list: judaïsme rabbinique
sense:
The mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud, having its roots in Pharisaic Judaism and based on the belief that Moses at Mount Sinai received two items from God: the written Torah and the oral Torah.


lexentry: eng/Raeffsky_Islands__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Raeffsky Islands
trans_list: Îles Raevski | Îles Raéffsky
sense:
centrally located Tuamotus' subgroup in French Polynesia, consisting of the three communes of Anaa, Makemo and Fakarava


lexentry: eng/Rafah__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rafah
trans_list: Rafah
sense:
A city, the capital of Rafah governorate, Southern Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine; lying next to the eponymous city in Egypt.


lexentry: eng/Ragnarok__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ragnarok
trans_list: Ragnarök
sense:
(Norse mythology) A series of future events culminating in a battle, fought between the Æsir and einherjar on one side, and the forces of Surtr, Loki, and Loki's children on the other, in which all of creation is burned down and almost all life is extinguished.


lexentry: eng/Raków__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Raków
trans_list: Raków
sense:
A settlement founded in the Sandomierz Voivodeship of Lesser Poland in 1569 as the centre of the Polish Brethren, the site of the Racovian Academy 1602–1638 and of the publication of the Racovian Catechism in 1605; formerly a town until 1869, it is now a village of the Republic of Poland and the seat of the gmina wiejska (rural commune) of the same name.


lexentry: eng/Ramadan__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ramadan
trans_list: ramadan
sense:
(Islam) The holy ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, during which Muslims fast between the break of dawn until sunset; they also refrain from drinking liquids, smoking and having sexual relations.


lexentry: eng/Raman_spectroscopy__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Raman spectroscopy
trans_list: spectroscopie Raman
sense:
(analytical chemistry) A form of spectroscopy that uses the Raman effect to study low-frequency vibrational and rotational modes of molecules.


lexentry: eng/Randstad__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Randstad
trans_list: Randstad
sense:
A region, a roughly crescent-shaped conurbation in the Netherlands which includes the four largest cities (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht, and The Hague) and surrounds the Groene Hart.


lexentry: eng/Rapunzel__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rapunzel
trans_list: Raiponce
sense:
A German fairy tale about a girl imprisoned in a tower who lets down her long hair for a rescuer to climb.


lexentry: eng/Rastafarianism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rastafarianism
trans_list: rastafarisme
sense:
A religion that emerged in Jamaica in the 1930s out of biblical prophecy and rising black aspirations.


lexentry: eng/Ravenclaw__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Ravenclaw
trans_list: Serdaigle
sense:
A person having traits associated with Ravenclaw house from the Harry Potter series, including intelligence, creativity, and love of learning or an affinity for eagles or the colours blue and bronze.


lexentry: eng/Raëlism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Raëlism
trans_list: raëlisme
sense:
A UFO religion with liberal sexual views, holding that all life on Earth was created in scientific laboratories by extraterrestrials.


lexentry: eng/Reaganite__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reaganite
trans_list: reaganien
sense:
(US politics) Of or pertaining to Ronald Reagan (1911–2004), 40th president of the United States (1981–1989).


lexentry: eng/Reaganite__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reaganite
trans_list: Reaganien
sense:
(US politics) A supporter of Ronald Reagan (1911–2004), 40th president of the United States (1981–1989), and/or policies that he endorsed.


lexentry: eng/Red_Army_Faction__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Red Army Faction
trans_list: escouade
sense:
(historical) A far-left terrorist organization active from 1970 to 1998, mainly in West Germany and West Berlin.


lexentry: eng/Red_Forest__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Red Forest
trans_list: Forêt rousse
sense:
A red forest in Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, Vyshhorod Raion, Kyiv Oblast, Polesia, Ukraine; a highly radioactive and highly contaminated pine forest caused by fallout from the Chornobyl-Vladimir Lenin nuclear power plant meltdown disaster accident.


lexentry: eng/Red_Queen_hypothesis__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Red Queen hypothesis
trans_list: hypothèse de la Reine rouge
sense:
(evolutionary theory) An evolutionary hypothesis which proposes that organisms must constantly adapt, evolve, and proliferate not merely to gain reproductive advantage, but also simply to survive while pitted against other evolving organisms in an ever-changing environment.


lexentry: eng/Red_Sea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Red Sea
trans_list: mer Rouge
sense:
A long, narrow sea between Africa and the Arabian Peninsula; links the Suez Canal with the Arabian Sea.


lexentry: eng/Redemptorist__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Redemptorist
trans_list: Redemptoriste
sense:
A member of the Roman Catholic missionary congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (i.e. Jesus Christ), founded in 1732 by Saint Alphonsus Maria of Liguori


lexentry: eng/Reformation__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reformation
trans_list: Réformation | Réforme | réformation | réforme protestante
sense:
(historical) The religious movement initiated in the 16th century against the Roman Catholic Church.


lexentry: eng/Reformed__Adjective__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reformed
trans_list: réformé
sense:
Of the Protestant movement typically associated with John Calvin, as separated from the Lutheran Church to pursue more extensive reformation.


lexentry: eng/Regensburg__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Regensburg
trans_list: Ratisbonne
sense:
An independent city, the administrative seat of Upper Palatinate, on the River Danube in Bavaria, Germany; also called Ratisbon.


lexentry: eng/Rehoboam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rehoboam
trans_list: Roboam
sense:
King of Israel after Solomon, whose folly split the kingdom in two; the father of Abijah (biblical character)


lexentry: eng/Reindeer_Lake__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reindeer Lake
trans_list: lac Reindeer
sense:
A glacial lake in Western Canada, located on the border between northeastern Saskatchewan and northwestern Manitoba.


lexentry: eng/Remembrance_Day__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Remembrance Day
trans_list: jour du Souvenir
sense:
(Commonwealth) November 11th, observed in commemoration of those in the armed forces who died in the line of duty; especially those who died during the two world wars.


lexentry: eng/Renaissance__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Renaissance
trans_list: Renaissance
sense:
(historical) The 14th-century revival of classical art, architecture, literature and learning that originated in Italy and spread throughout Europe over the following two centuries.


lexentry: eng/Renaissance__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 02
written_rep: Renaissance
trans_list: Renaissance
sense:
The period of this revival, typically lasting from the late 14th to the late 16th centuries; the transition from medieval to modern times.


lexentry: eng/Republic_of_China__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republic of China
trans_list: République de Chine | Taiwan
sense:
A country in East Asia; modern-day Taiwan, the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949.


lexentry: eng/Republic_of_Letters__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republic of Letters
trans_list: République des Lettres
sense:
(historical) The intellectual community in the late 17th and 18th centuries in Europe and the Americas, exchanging ideas by circulating handwritten letters.


lexentry: eng/Republic_of_North_Macedonia__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republic of North Macedonia
trans_list: République de Macédoine du Nord
sense:
Country situated north of Greece and west of Bulgaria on the Balkan Peninsula, formerly partially recognised as the Republic of Macedonia.


lexentry: eng/Republic_of_South_Vietnam__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republic of South Vietnam
trans_list: république du Sud Viêt Nam
sense:
(history) An underground government that opposed the South Vietnamese government during the Vietnam War and became its provisional government for a year after the war.


lexentry: eng/Republic_of_Texas__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republic of Texas
trans_list: République du Texas
sense:
(historical) A former sovereign state that successfully revolted from Mexico in 1839-1845 and was then annexed into the United States of America as the state of Texas.


lexentry: eng/Republican__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Republican
trans_list: républicain | républicaine
sense:
(US politics) A member or supporter of the Republican Party, the more right-wing of the two main political parties in the United States.


lexentry: eng/Reticulum__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reticulum
trans_list: Réticule
sense:
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern summer sky, said to resemble a reticle. It lies between the constellations of Horologium and Dorado.


lexentry: eng/Reuleaux_triangle__Noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reuleaux triangle
trans_list: triangle de Reuleaux
sense:
(geometry) A figure consisting of three circular arcs, each centered on the intersection of the other two.


lexentry: eng/Rexism__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rexism
trans_list: rexisme
sense:
(politics, historical) A fascist movement active in Belgium from 1935 to 1945; the ideology of the Rexist Party


lexentry: eng/Reynold__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Reynold
trans_list: Renaud
sense:
A en given name, today more popular in the forms Reginald and Ronald. Modern use is partly transferred from the surname.


lexentry: eng/Rhaeto-Romance__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhaeto-Romance
trans_list: rhéto-roman
sense:
(linguistics) A group of related Romance languages spoken in north and north-eastern Italy and southeastern Switzerland, or any of these languages individually. [from 19th c.]


lexentry: eng/Rhea__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhea
trans_list: Rhéa
sense:
(Greek god) A Titan, the daughter of Uranus and Gaia, the mother of Demeter, Hades, Hera, Hestia, Poseidon, and Zeus.


lexentry: eng/Rhene__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhene
trans_list: Rhènè
sense:
the paramour of King Oïleus of Locris and the mother of either or neither of his sons Medon and Ajax.


lexentry: eng/Rhine__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhine
trans_list: Rhin
sense:
A river in western Europe, that flows through Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Germany, France and the Netherlands, before emptying into the North Sea.


lexentry: eng/Rhineland-Palatinate__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhineland-Palatinate
trans_list: Rhénanie-Palatinat
sense:
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation.


lexentry: eng/Rhineland__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhineland
trans_list: Rhénanie
sense:
(usually, with the definite article) An area on both sides of the river Rhine, in the west of Germany. Roughly equivalent to the former Prussian Rhine Province, now the greater part of Rhineland-Palatinate plus the south-western half of North Rhine-Westphalia.


lexentry: eng/Rhode_Island__Proper_noun__1
sense_num: 01
written_rep: Rhode Island
trans_list: Rhode Island
sense:
The smallest state of the United States, formerly officially State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.


